TRUSTEES OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM.

The Right Hon. Joun Xavier Merriman, P.C., M.L.A.

Sir THomas Murr, Kt., C.M.G., L.L.D., F.R.S., F.R.8.E.

The Hon. Jonny WitiiaAm Jaccer, M.L.A., F.R.Stat.S.

SCIENTIFIC STAFF OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN

MUSEUM.

Lovis ALBERT PERINGUEY, D.Sc., F.Z.8., F.E.S., Director.

Sipney Henry Haveuton, B.A., F.G.S., Assistant Director.

ArtHurR Lewis Hatt, B.A., Keeper of the Geological and Mineralogical Collections.

Kerpret Harcourt Barnarp, M.A., F.L.S., Assistant in Charge of Fish and Marine

Invertebrate Collections.

RicHarD WILLIAM ErHEeLBerT Tucker, M.A., Assistant in Charge of Arthropoda

(Insects excluded).

Star GARABEDIAN, B.A. Assistant in Charge of Botanical Collections.

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS.

C. P. ALEXANDER. PAGE

The Crane-flies of South Africa in the South African Museum ee

Tupulidae):- “Parti eas © ces oe eee: eee ee . 139

K. H. Barnarp.

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. Part 6. Further

Additions to the List of Marine Isopoda. . . . . .... +. 319

T. EsBen-PETERSEN.

Two species of Bittacidae (Neuroptera) from South Africa . . . 187

New Species of Neuropterous Insects from South Africa (Hphemerda:

Megaloptera and Hmibuidina), 2 2... « 2 --. 9% =» - sae, 409

South African WNeuroptera.= 2) 52) =) «) = gle cals tce COG

A. J. T. Jansn.

Description of an apparently undescribed Moth of the Family Lyman-

tridae (lepidoptera): 9. 2- © 9) <a) tee Gees) 3-2 ae

J. J. KieFFer.

A new genus of Chironomid (Diptera) from the Cape. . . . . . . 523

E. Meyrick.

Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. Part V. . .. . 1

Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. Part VI. . . . . 273

C. Morey.

On some South African Ichneumonidae in the Collection of the South

African Museum. Part.2) <2). Penge al 2. ee

L. B. Prout.

New Geometridae (Lepidoptera) in the South African Museum. . . . 47

G. Ricarpo.

New species of South African Tabanidae (Diptera). . . . . . . . 527

T. R. R. Sressine.

South African Crustacea (Part. 9 of S.A. Crustacea for the Marine

Investigations in South Africa) . . 23

South African Crustacea (Part 10 of S.A. Gevetcen oy hg Marine

Investigations in South Africa)’ = 5 fsa coum col

R. W. E. Tucker.

On some South African Aviculariidae. (Arachnida). Families ved

Ctenizidae, Diplotheleae and Dipluridae) oo

Contributions to the South African Arachnid Fauna No. 2. On some

new South African Spiders of the Families Barychelidae, Dipluridae,

Eresidae, Zodariidae, Heracliidae, Urocteidae, Clubionidae .

Rk. E. Turner.

On some new species and others of Fossorial Hymenoptera in the South

African Museum .

INDEX OF NEW GENERIC NAMES INTRODUCED

IN THIS VOLUME.

Allochlorodes n.g. (Hemitheinae) Prout.

Allothele n.g. (Dipluridae) TuckER

Anathyrsa n.g. (Pterolonchidae) MryRIck .

Arctopsis n.g. (Astacillidae) Baryarp

Areocosma n.g. (Oecophoridae) Mryrick

Artopoles n.g. (Sphaeromidae) BARNARD

Asapharcha n.g. (Xyloryctidae) Meyrick .

Briarostoma n.g. (Oecophoridae) Meyrick .

Cathalistis n.g. (Tineidae) Meyrick .

Dairoides n.g. (Xanthidae) STEBBING .

Doliochastis n.g. (Eucosmidae) Mryrick

Doxomeres n.g. (Oecophoridae) Mryrick

Ellochotis n.g. (Tineidae) Meyrick

Encelidotis n.g. (Tineidae) Meyrick .

Enscepastra n.g. (Coleophoridae) Myrick .

Epaleura n.g. (Tineidae) Meyrick

Glenochrysa n.g. (Chrysopidae) EspEn- PETERSEN.

Gnatholana n.g. (Eurydicidae) BARNARD.

Hapaloptyx n.g. (Uroptychidae) STEBBING .

Holidotea n.g. (Pseudidotheidae) BARNARD.

Homalopsycha n.g. (Tineidae) MEyRIck .

Idiotechna n.g. (Tineidae) Meyrick

Ilychthonos n.g. (Desmosomidae) BARNARD.

Leptosialis n.g. (Sialidae) Hspen-PETERSEN.

Leptotipula n.g. (Tipulidae) ALEXANDER

Meloteles n.g. (Oecophoridae) Meyrick .

Metoponaplos n.g. (Tabanidae) Ricarpo.

Morotripta n.g. (Hyponomeutidae) Meyrick .

vil

PAGE

439

489

VIII

Ochetoxena n.g. (Tineidae) Meyrick .

Paragigantione n.g. (Bopyridae) BARNARD .

Paraptica n.g. (Tineidae) MEyrick

Pierogenes n.g. (Oecophoridae) Mryrick

Platylimnobia n.g. (Tipulidae) ALEXANDER.

Prototheora n.g. (Prototheoridae) Meyrick.

Pseudomaenas n.g. (Geometridae) Prout.

Sandaloeca n.g. (Coleophoridae) Meyrick .

Segregara n.g. (Ctenizidae) TucKER

Sindonophora n.g. (Lamproniadae) MEyRIcK .

Skiapus n.g. (Ichneumonidae) MorLey .

Trichapseudes n.g. (Apseudidae) BARNARD .

Trissoclunio n.g. (Chironomidae) KIEFFER .

Xeinostoma n.g. (Cyclodorippidae) STEBBING .

Zygographa n.g. (Hyponomeutidae) Meyrick .

DATE OF ISSUE OF THE PARTS.

Part 1, May 18th, 1917.

Part 2, September 24th, 1917.

Part 3, September 24th, 1917.

Part 4, February 27th, 1920.

Part 5, August 12th, 1920.

Part 6, December 30th, 1920.

~—_

LIST OF PLATES.

Achaeopsis thomsoni (Norm.).

Calocaris alcocki McArdle.

Polycheles demani n. sp.

Solenocera africanus n. sp.

Leander pacificus Stmps.

Acanthephyra brachytelsonis Bate.

Nematocarcinus parvidentatus Bate.

Ichnopus macrobetomma n. sp.

Metopa rotundus n. sp.

Achtheinus dentatus Wilson.

Stasimopus purcelli n. sp.

Stasimopus kentanicus Pure.

Spiroctenus cambierae Pure.

Spiroctenus collinus Poc.

Spiroctenus validus Pure.

Spiroctenus purcelli n. sp.

Ptychoptera capensis n sp.

Dicranomyia lightfooti n. sp.

Dicranomyia tipulipes Karsch.

Dicranomyia marleyi n. sp.

Rhipidia afra Berg.

Libnotes capensis n. sp.

Rhamphidia capensis n. sp.

Elephantomyia aurantiaca n. sp.

Styringomyia vittata Edw.

Atarba capensis n. sp.

Erioptera bonae spel n. sp.

Erioptera peringueyi Berg.

Trimicra inconspicua Loew.

Podoneura anthracogramma Berg.

Gnophomyia elegans Wiedm.

Gonomyia spuria Berg.

Gonomyia natalensis n. sp.

Gonomyia brevifurca n. sp.

Limnophila transvaalica n. sp.

Limnophila frugi Berg.

Dolichopeza hirtipennis n. sp.

Bdce

) ¢

XI.

XII.

XIII.

MV;

XV.

(

List of Plates.

Leptotipula limnophiloides n. sp.

Megistocera bicauda Speiser.

Megistocera hirsuta n. sp.

Longurio bonae spei Berg.

Longurio minusculus n. sp.

Ctenacroscelis albovittatus Macq.

Tipula soror Wiedem.

Tipula zambeziensis n. sp.

Tipula pomposa Berg.

Tipula jocosa n. sp.

Tipula coronata n. sp.

Tipula caffra n. sp.

Nephrotoma umbripennis n. sp.

Nephrotoma edwardsi n. sp.

Nephrotoma strenua n. sp.

Nephrotoma unicingulata n. sp.

Nephrotoma antennata Wiedem.

Nephrotoma tigrina n. sp.

Nephrotoma tincta Walker.

Nephrotoma petiolata Macq.

Megistocera bicauda Speiser.

Leptotipula limnophiloides n. sp.

Tipula chionoides n. sp.

Platylimnobia barnardi n. sp.

Styringomyia vittata Edw.

Longurio bonae spei Berg.

Tipula soror Wiedem.

Tipula coronata n. sp.

Longurio minusculus n. sp.

Tipula pomposa Berg.

Tipula zambeziensis n. sp.

Leptotipula limnophiloides n. sp.

Longurio bonae spei Berg.

Longurio minusculus n. sp.

Ctenacroscelis albovittatus Macq.

Tipula soror Wiedem.

Tipula zambeziensis n. sp.

Tipula pomposa Berg.

Tipula coronata n. sp.

Nephrotoma umbripennis n. sp.

Nephrotoma strenua n sp.

Nephrotoma antennata Wiedem.

Nephrotoma unicingulata n. sp.

Nephrotoma tincta Walker.

Nephrotoma tigrina n. sp.

Apseudes agulhensis n. sp.

Trichapseudes tridens n. sp.

Gnathia spongicola n. sp.

evils

XVII.

NW ON OOO Er

XVIII.

XIX.

XX.

XXI.

XXII.

XXIII.

XXIV.

XXV.

RVI. {

List of Plaies.

Gnathia disjuncta n. sp.

Apanthura serricauda n. sp.

Pseudanthura lateralis Rich.

Cirolana littoralis n. sp.

Cirolana meinerti n. sp.

Cirolana fluviatilis Stebb.

Cirolana palifrons n. sp.

Cirolana cingulata n. sp.

Gnatholana mandibularis n. sp.

Zuzara furcifer n. sp.

Cymodoce tuberculosa Stebb. var. tripartita Rich.

Cymodoce japonica Rich. var. natalensis n.

Cymodoce tetrathele n. sp.

Cymodoce cavicola n. sp.

Cymodoce cryptodoma n. sp.

Cymodoce excayans Nn. sp.

Cymodocella cancellata n. sp.

Cassidias africana n. sp.

Holidotea unicornis n. sp.

Arcturella pustulata n. sp.

Arcturella longipes n. sp.

Arcturella brevipes n. sp.

Stenetrium dagama n. sp.

Stenetrium diazi n. sp.

Stenetrium saldanha n. sp.

Janira angusta n. sp.

Haploniscus dimeroceras n. sp.

Paramunna concavifrons n. sp.

Macrostylis spiniceps n. sp.

Rhabdomesus bacillopsis n. sp.

Ilychthonos capensis n. sp.

Pseudomunnopsis beddardi (Tatt.).

Eurycope fusiformis n. sp.

Eurycope quadrata n. sp.

Eurycope sulcifrons n. sp.

Palaegyge plesionikae n. sp.

Pseudione munidae n. sp.

Paragigantione papillosa n. sp.

Dairoides margaritatus n. sp.

Xeinostoma eucheir n. sp.

Cymonomus trifurcus n. sp.

Lithadia barnardi n. sp.

Cryptodromia micronyx n. sp.

Eudromia bituberculatus n. sp.

Latreillopsis alcocki n. sp.

Hapaloptyx difficilis n. sp.

Nursia scandens n. sp.

Axius longispina n. sp.

XII List of Plates.

XXVIII. Axius longispina n. sp.

Allothele teretis n. sp.

Adonea parva n. sp.

Diores auricula n. sp.

Diores druryi n. sp.

Diores capensis n. sp.

XXVIII. < Diores jonesi n. sp.

Rhaeboctesis trinotatus n. sp.

Rhaeboctesis matroosbergensis n. sp.

Rhaeboctesis exilis n. sp.

Rhaeboctesis transvaalensis n. sp.

Rhaeboctesis secundus n. sp.

Eresus purcelli n. sp.

Eresus depressus n. sp.

Eresus fumosus n. sp.

Dresserus colsoni n. sp.

Dresserus kannemeyeri n. sp.

Dresserus nigellus n. sp.

Dresserus schreineri n. sp. |

Dresserus sericatus n. sp.

Hersiliola australis n. sp.

Hersilia bicornis n. sp.

Hersilia pungwensis n. sp.

Uroctea septemnotata n. sp.

Uroctea quinquenotata n. sp.

Diores bifurcata n. sp.

Diores powerl n. sp.

Diores salisburyensis n. sp.

Diores setosus n. sp.

| Ceto curvipes n. sp.

Acanthephyra.

Achaeopsis .

Achelous

Achtheinus.

Acrocercops

Adonea .

Agathotanais .

Aglaocryptus .

Allocamptus .

Allochlorodes .

Allothele

Amalopenaeus

Ammatomus .

Amydria

Anathyrsa .

Ancylotrypa. .

Ankylopteryx.

Anoplius

Anthobosca

Anthura

Apanthura .

Aphilopota

Apseudes

Arctopsis

Arcturella .

Areocosma .

Argyroploce

Arpactus

Artopoles .

Asapharcha

Asphragis .

Aspilatopsis

Astacilla :

Atalophlebia .

Atarba .

Atychia.

Axiodes .

Axius

Barbaroscardia

Bassus .

Batozonus .

INDEX OF GENERA.

PAGE | Bittacus

35 | Brachmia .

24 | Braunsomeria.

236 | Briarostoma

40 | Bucculatrix

451

211 | Calcinus.

222 | Carpilius

47 | Cassidias

441 | Cathalistis .

3 Ceromitia .

493 | Ceto . ee

16 | Charitojoppa .

299 | Charybdis. .

94 | Chloroclystis .

513 | Chlorodopsis .

492 | Chrysocentris .

490 | Chrysopa

337 | Cirolana.

339 | Cleistostoma .

66 | Clibanarius.

321 | Cloéon

386 | Clypeoniscus .

389 | Cnephasia .

7 | Coelichneumon

279 | Coleophora .

494 | Compsolechia .

376 | Conchoecetes .

292 | Conchyha .

217 | Conilorpheus .

63 | Conosia .

386 | Copromorpha .

499 | Corycodus .

147 | Cosmonotus

294 | Cremastus .

65 | Cryptaulax

264 | Cryptodromia .

Cryptolechia .

Cryptus .

Ctenacroscelis .

308 | Ctenocompa

221 | Cymodoce. .

491 | Cymodocella .

XIV

Cymonomus

Cymothoa .

Cyproniscus

Dairoides

Depressaria.

Dichomeris. .

Dicranomyia .

Diocosma

Diores :

Diplothele .

Discalma

Doclea

Dolichopeza

Doliochastis

Doxomeres. .

Drepanogynis .

Dresserus .

Earrana

Echthromorpha ;

Elachista

Elephantomyia

Ellochotis .

Encelidotis.

Enscepastra

Epaleura

Epichorista

Epioppa

Epimactis .

Epithectis .

Epiurus.

Eporycta

Eresus . .

Eridachtha.

Erioptera

Fucosma

Eucrate .

Eudromia .

Eugerda.

Kupagurus.

Eupalanus .

Eupithecia .

Eurycope

Exanthura.

Exeristes

Gabunia.

Galathea

Gelechia.

Glenochrysa

Glyphipteryx .

Gnathia.

Gnatholana

Index of Genera.

PAGE

eS:

244

357

430

Gnathophausia

Gnophomyia .

Gonodontis.

Gonomyia .

Gorgyrella .

Goryphus .

Hapaloptyx

Haploembia

Haploniscus

Hebdomophruda

Hemerobius

Hemerophila .

Hemiarthrus .

Hemipepsis.

Hemipimpla

Hemiteles .

Henicospilus .

Hermacha .

Hersilia .

Hersiliola .

Hieroxestis.

Holidotea .

Homalophycha

Homostola .

Hyastenus .

Ichnopus

Idiops

Idiotechna .

Ilyarachna.

Ilychthonos

Ischnojoppa

Ischnothele.

Isocrita .

Janira

Kuphomunna.

Lanocira

Larentia

Larentioides

Latreillopsis .

Latypica

Leander.

« Leptochelia.

Leptophatnus .

Leptosialis .

Leptotipula

404

409

Lerneaeniscus .

Leucosia

Libnotes

Limnophila

Lithadia

Livoneca

Longurio

Macrostylis

Mallobathra

Megacraspedus

Megistocera

Melasina

Meloteles

Mesostenus

Metatheora.

Metopa . <

Metoponaplos .

Microligia .

Micromus .

Moansa .

Moggridgea

Mongoma .

Morotripta .

Myrmecozela .

Narycia.

Nematocarcinus .

Neoarcturus

Neotypus

Nephrotoma

Nepticula ..

Nothochrysa .

Notogonia .

Nototrachys

Nursia .

Nysson .

Obolcona

Ochetoxena.

Olapa

Omorga .

Orneodes

Ortholitha .

Oxyptilus .

Paguristes .

Palaeaspilates .

Palaegyge .

Paniscus

Paragigantione

Paramunna

Index of Genera.

PAGE

249

Paranthura.

Parapsectris

Paraptica .

Paratanais .

Parathranites .

Pareclipsis .

Penaeus.

Peridela.

Petelia .

Petrolisthes

Phycodes

Picrogenes .

Picrospora .

Pilumnus

Pimpla .

Pinnotheres

Pionothele .

Pisinidea

Platylabrus

Platylimnobia

Platymaia .

Podoneura .

Poecilomigas .

Polycheles .

Polyhymno.

Pristomeridia .

Pristomerus

Protomacha

Prototheora

Pseudanthura .

Pseudione .

Pseudomaenas.

Pseudomunnopsis

Pterophorus

Ptychopoda

Ptychoptera

Pycnostola .

Raninoides. .

Rhabdomesus .

Rhaeboctesis .

Rhamphidia

Rhipidia

Rhipidosmylus

Sandaloeca.

Scopula .

Scythris.

Segregara .

Sicyodes.

Silvius .

Simaethis .

Sindonophora .

Skiapus .

Solenocera .

Sphaeroma.

_ 18,

- 10,

XVI

Sphyrapus .

Spilonota

Spiroctenus

Stasimopus.

Stegodyphus .

Stenetrium.

Stereomastis

Stizus

Styringomyia

Syzeuctus .

Tama.

Tanyzancla.

Tegona .

Telphusa

Tephrina

Thelechoris.

Thenus .

Theronia

Thyestarcha

Tinea.

Tipula

Index of Genera.

PAGE

igen:

328

Tortrix .

Trichapseudes

Trichoptilus

Trichorythus .

Trimicra

Trissoclunio

Uroctea .

Xanthocampoplex

Xanthojoppa .

Xanthopimpla.

Xeinostoma

Zelomora

Zuzara .

Zygographa

ANNALS

OF THE

SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM.

(Vou. XVIT.)

1.— Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera.— By E.

Meyrick, B.A., F.R.S.

THE following species are described from specimens forwarded to me

through the kindness of Dr. L. Pévinguey ; the types are in the South

African Museum.

PTEROPHORIDAE.

Gen. TRICHOPTILUS Walsgh.

TRICHOPTILUS VIDUUS, 0. Sp-

6 2. 14-15 mm. Head and thorax fuscous with some whitish

scales. Palpi fuscous, apex of joints white. Abdomen ochreous-grey,

with lateral row of white spots. Forewings cleft to middle, segments

slender ; fuscous irrorated with darker ; a blackish dot in disc at 1, and

two transversely placed at base of cleft; narrow irregular white

transverse bars on both segments at + and 2 of their length : cilia grey

mixed with blackish towards base, with white spots on margins of

markings and above and below apex of each segment, on dorsum with

blackish scale-projections between these, tornal white patch largest.

Hindwings dark fuscous, third segment grey irrorated with dark

fuscous; cilia fuscous, on dorsum with a rather small blackish scale-

projection at 2 and a few white scales before this.

Carb Conony, Hottentots Holland Mts., 4000 ft., Caledon

(H. K. Barnard); two specimens.

Annals of the South African Museum.

Gren. PTEROPHORUS Geoftr.

PTEROPHORUS ILLUTUS, 0. Sp.

Q. 21 mm. Head and thorax whity-brownish, face infuscated.

Palpi slender, fuscous. Abdomen pale brownish, dorsally suffused

with whitish towards base. Forewings with first segment narrow,

pointed, second nearly equal, termen extremely oblique, sinuate ; pale

brownish-ochreous, sprinkled with dark fuscous towards costa and

dorsum as far as cleft; a dark fuscous dot in disc at 4; an oblique

mark of dark fuscous suffusion on base of cleft, edged with some

whitish suffusion on edge of cleft ; a dark fuscous mark on costal edge

beyond base of cleft, preceded and followed by whitish suffusion on

costal edge; a dark fuscous dot on costa midway between this and

apex, and one close beneath apex; a streak of dark brown suffusion

irrorated with blackish running through middle of second segment and

expanded along termen : cilia fuscous, becoming pale greyish-ochreous

externally on termen. Hindwings and cilia dark grey.

Nara, Durban, in March (W. H. Bell-Marley) ; one specimen.

TORTRICIDAE.

Gren. EPICHORISTA Meyr.

EPICcHORISTA NIPHOSEMA, Il. Sp.

dg. 15-l6mm. Head, palpi, and thorax rather dark fuscous, some-

what mixed with white. Antennal ciliations 1. Abdomen dark grey,

anal tuft white. Forewings elongate, costa gently arched, apex obtuse,

termen slightly rounded, oblique; rather dark fuscous; markings

formed by undefined irregular white suffusion, viz. some cloudy

marbling towards costa on basal third, a fascia from before middle of

costa to middle of dorsum, furcate dorsally, and a less-marked fascia

from 2 of costa to tornus: cilia white, with a fuscous subbasal line.

Hindwings white, sprinkled with grey in disc, towards costa, and

along terminal edge, and suffused with dark grey towards apex; cilia

snow-white.

Care Conony, Hottentots Holland Mts., 4000 ft. Caledon

(Barnard); two specimens.

HUCOSMIDAH.

Gen. SPILONOTA Steph.

SPILONOTA SINUOSA, 0. Sp.

Q@. 17-18mm. Head, palpi, and thorax fuscous. Abdomen grey.

Descriptions of South African Micro- Lepidoptera. 3

Forewings elongate, rather narrow, posteriorly slightly dilated, costa

gently arched, apex obtuse, termen nearly straight, oblique; light

brown ; costal edge dotted with fuscous and dark fuscous, with four

small fuscous spots on posterior half ; dorsal area irregularly clouded

with fuscous and mixed with dark fuscous, appearing to form very

undefined darker blotches towards middle and before tornus; a

bisinuate black streak from middle of disc to apex, thickest beyond its

middle, with a slender branch running from the thickening to termen

below middle: cilia grey mixed with darker and sprinkled with whitish

points. Hindwings and cilia grey.

Nara, Durban (Marley); two specimens. I am now disposed to

think that I was wrong in referring any African examples to ejectana,

and that they may perhaps have been the present or an allied

species.

GHELECHIADAE.

Gen. GELECHIA Zell.

GELECHIA TRISCELIS, nN. sp.

Q. 17 mm. Head white. Palpi white, base of second joint and

two bands of terminal joint black. Thorax white, shoulders and a

narrow dorsal stripe widely furcate posteriorly black. Abdomen

whitish. Forewings elongate, rather narrow, costa gently arched, apex

pointed, termen very obliquely rounded; white; markings black; a

small mark on base of costa; an oblique triangular spot beyond this,

its apex just touching anterior angle of a trapezoidal blotch on dorsum

before middle; a semioval spot on costa before middle; an elongate

spot in dise beyond middle, with a dot beneath its anterior extremity ;

a spot on costa at 2, and a small spot on tornus opposite ; small spots

in middle of termen and on costa before apex: cilia grey (imperfect).

Hindwings and cilia grey.

Natat, Durban, in April (Marley); one specimen. Singularly

distinct and conspicuous.

GELECHIA SARCOGRAPHA, 0. sp.

gd. 16 mm. Head ochreous-whitish. Palpi ochreous-whitish,

extreme base of second joint dark fuscous, anterior edge of terminal

joint dark fuscous except towards base. Thorax dark grey, with a broad

whitish-ochreous dorsal stripe edged on sides with black. Abdomen

grey. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa gently arched, apex obtuse-

pointed, termen very obliquely rounded; dark grey, somewhat mixed

4 Annals of the South African Museum.

with pinkish towards costa ; a broad blackish streak from base of dorsum

to fold at 2 of wing, marked anteriorly with a pale ochreous dot, and

cut posteriorly by an oblique pale ochreous mark which is continued by

a similar dull rosy-pink mark to costa at +: cilia grey sprinkled

with blackish towards base. Hindwings rather dark grey ; cilia grey.

CarEe Cotony, Dunbrody, in March (Fath. A. Vogt) ; one specimen.

Gen. PARAPSECTRIS Meyr.

PARAPSECTRIS ANXTA, 0. Sp.

3. 18mm. Headand thorax whitish-ochreous. Palpi white, basal

half of second joint dark fuscous, terminal joint as long as second.

Abdomen grey, two basal segments whitish-ochreous. Forewings

elongate-lanceolate, acute ; whitish-ochreous ; costal and terminal edge

finely irrorated with black: cilia grey suffused with whitish-ochreous

towards base and sprinkled with black specks. Hindwings grey, darker

posteriorly ; cilia grey.

Care Conony, Prince Albert, in December (8. H. Haughton) ; one

specimen.

Gen. POLYHYMNO Chamb.

PoLyHYMNO MULTIFIDA, Nl. Sp.

2. 9mm. Head ochreous-whitish. Palpi ochreous-whitish, second

joint marked above with blackish towards base, terminal joint with

anterior edge blackish. Thorax dark fuscous with three ochreous-

white dorsal stripes and two others on patagia, central one narrowest.

Abdomen grey, beneath white. Forewings elongate, rather narrow,

costa slightly arched, apex produced, pointed, termen concave, very

oblique; dark fuscous ; markings ochreous-white; a fine streak along

costa from base to middle, thence running very obliquely to near

middle of termen, posteriorly receiving at acute angles two oblique

streaks (first postmedian) from above fold; streaks from base just

above and below fold, upper posteriorly finely bifid, its lower branch

finely connected with postmedian streak, lower shorter; a slender

subdorsal streak from base to an oblique thick streak which almost

touches base of postmedian streak, thence running along fold to

termen ; a slender dorsal streak throughout; a fine acute oblique

streak from 2 of costa to just by apex of preceding costal streak ;

apical prominence suffused with ochreous: cilia white, on costa with

three oblique dark fuscous lines, beneath apex with a black basal dot.

Hindwings grey ; cilia light grey.

ZuLULAND, Mfongosi (W. H. Jones); one specimen.

Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 5

GEN. DICHOMERIS Hibn.

DIcHOMERIS AULOTOMA, Nl. Sp.

6. 20 mm. Head whitish, face and centre of crown tinged with

fuscous. Palpi white, second joint with long dense tuft beneath and

rough projecting scales towards apex above, dark fuscous except along

apical edge, terminal joint with anterior edge dark fuscous. Antennal

cilations 1. Thorax white, patagia fuscous. Forewings elongate,

narrow, costa slightly arched, faintly sinuate towards middle, apex

pointed, termen faintly sinuate, very oblique; rather dark fuscous; a

white streak along costa from base nearly to +, and a subcostal streak

from beyond extremity of this to costa before apex ; a white subdorsal

streak rising from base of dorsum and running to termen beneath apex,

posteriorly somewhat ragged : cilia fuscous, white on extremity of both

streaks and towards base on lower part of termen. Hindwings and

cilia grey.

CaprE Cotony, Capetown, Rondebosch; one specimen, dated Novem-

ber, 1868. This interesting and very distinct species is nearly allied to

the European marginella.

OECOPHORIDAE.

PICROGENES, n. ¢.

Head with appressed scales, sidetufts small; ocelli present ; tongue

developed. Antennae 3,in J moderately ciliated and also clothed with

pubescence above, basal joimt moderate, with pecten. Labial palpi

long, curved, ascending, second joint reaching base of antennae,

thickened with appressed scales, rough towards apex beneath, terminal

joint much shorter than second, thickened with scales, somewhat loose

anteriorly, pointed. Maxillary palpi very short. Posterior tibiae

clothed with long hairs above. Forewings with 2 and 8 approximated

from angle, 4 absent, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to termen, 11 from middle.

Hindwings 1, elongate-ovate, cilia 1; 5 and 4 stalked, 5 rather

approximated to 6, 6 and 7 parallel.

Near Heterozyga.

PICROGENES BACTROSPILA, 0. sp.

do. 15mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen [{whitish-ochreous.

Forewings elongate, rather narrow, costa moderately arched, apex

6 Annals of the South African Museum.

pointed, termen extremely obliquely rounded ; whitish-ochreous, with

a few scattered dark fuscous scales, costal 2 suffused with fuscous ;

stigmata black, plical rather beyond first discal, second discal repre-

sented by a short fine longitudinal line: cilia whitish-ochreous. Hind-

wings grey-whitish ; cilia ochreous-whitish.

Carr Cotony, Cape Town, in December (Dr. L. Péringuey) ; one

specimen.

DOXOMERES, ». g.

Head with appressed scales, sidetufts somewhat raised; ocelli pre-

sent; tongue short. Antennae (broken) in ¢ rather shortly ciliated,

basal joint moderate, without pecten. Labial palpi long, recurved,

second joint reaching base of antennae, thickened with appressed

scales, somewhat rough beneath, terminal joint much shorter than

second, roughened with scales anteriorly, acute. Maxillary palpi very

short. Forewings with 1b furcate, 2 and 3 stalked from angle, 7

absent, 11 from middle. Hindwings 1, elongate-ovate, cilia #; 5 and 4

connate, 5 parallel to 4, rather widely remote from 6 towards base, 6

and 7 nearly parallel.

Perhaps allied to Hlaeonoma.

DoxoMERES DIAXANTHA, Nl. Sp.

gd. 13mm. Head, palpi, and thorax yellow-ochreous, tip of palpi

dark fuscous. Antennal ciliations 2. Abdomen whitish-ochreous.

Forewings elongate, rather narrow, costa gently arched, apex obtuse,

termen obliquely rounded ; yellow-ochreous : cilia concolorous. Hind-

wings and cilia whitish-ochreous.

TransvaaL, Lydenburg, in January (Kroeger) ; one specimen.

Gren. CRYPTOLECHIA Zell.

CRYPTOLECHIA TETRASTICTA, Nl. Sp.

@. 18mm. Head, palpi, and thorax pale ochreous, terminal joint of

palpi shorter than second. Forewings elongate, costa moderately

arched, apex pointed, termen very obliquely rounded ; pale ochreous ;

stigmata black, plical rather beyond first discal, an additional dot mid-

way between second discal and tornal margin; a few dark fuscous

specks on costal margin towards apex : cilia pale ochreous. Hindwings

rather pointed, whitish-ochreous ; cilia whitish-ochreous.

Narat, “ Durban,” in September (Marley) ; one specimen.

Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 7

CRYPTOLECHIA XANTHOSARCA, 0. sp.

d. 27mm. Head grey, face centrally suffused with whitish, hairs

of crown forming two projecting tufts between antennae. Palpi rosy,

upper part of second joint, and terminal joint except apex suffused

with grey. Thorax grey, slightly crimson-tinged. Abdomen grey.

Forewings elongate, moderate, posteriorly dilated, costa moderately

arched, apex obtuse, termen rounded, rather oblique; light dull

crimson-purplish, costal edge suffused with light crimson ; an irregular

suffused light yellowish patch extending along dorsum from near base

to about 2, and reaching about 2 across wing, ground colour darker

above this; discal stigmata represented by faint darker suffusion,

plical by a small suffused pale dull crimson spot within the yellow

patch : cilia light dull crimson. Hindwings dark grey; cilia grey.

TRANSVAAL, Johannesburg, in February (Feltham); one specimen.

Allied to roseoflavida, but much larger, duller, and less distinctly

marked.

AREOCOSMA, n. g.

Head smooth ; ocelli present; tongue developed. Antennae +, in ¢

simple, basal joint very elongate, without pecten. Labial palpi mode-

rate, curved, ascending, second joint hardly reaching base of antennae,

with appressed scales, slightly rough beneath, terminal joint half

second, scaled, acute. Maxillary palpi rudimentary. Posterior tibiae

clothed with hairs above. Forewings with 2 from near angle, 7 and 8

stalked, 7 to costa, 11 from before middle. Hindwings under 1, ovate-

lanceolate, cilia over 1; 38 and 4 connate, 5-7 nearly parallel; in ¢

with long dense subcostal hairpencil from base covered by forewings.

Allied to Diocosma.

AREOCOSMA ORSOBELA, Nl. Sp.

d. 18 mm. Head and palpi ochreous-whitish. Thorax whitish-

ochreous, faintly rosy-tinged, with central and lateral stripes tinged

with grey. Abdomen grey-whitish. Forewings elongate, rather

narrow, costa moderately arched, apex acute, termen faintly sinuate,

extremely oblique ; rather dark brownish-grey ; a rather broad straight

whitish-ochreous median streak partially tinged with rosy from base

to apex, with a fine black dash on its upper margin at 2 (probably

representing first discal stigma); a whitish-ochreous line suffused

with pale rosy along basal third of dorsum; some whitish-ochreous

suffusion, slightly rosy-tinged, extending along dorsum from beyond

middle to tornus: cilia greyish, mixed with dark fuscous towards

8 Annals of the South African Museum.

base, at apex with whitish-ochreous bar. Hindwings whitish, round

margin of cell especially towards middle of wing irregularly sprinkled

with dark grey ; subcostal hairpencil whitish-ochreous ; cilia ochreous-

whitish. Forewings beneath with an irregular whitish-ochreous patch

extending over cell, surrounded with dark grey suffusion.

Care Conony, Hottentots Holland Mts., 4000 ft., Caledon

(Barnard) ; one specimen.

Gen. DIOCOSMA Meyr.

DrocosMA MOLYBDELA, Nl. Sp.

d. 14mm. Head ochreous-white. Palpi white, anteriorly suffused

with rose-pink, second joint rough-scaled beneath towards apex.

Thorax ochreous-white with two minute rose-pink dots on anterior

edge, and a slender fuscous bar before posterior extremity. Abdomen

ochreous-whitish. Forewings elongate, costa gently arched, apex

tolerably pointed, termen rounded, rather strongly oblique; pale

whitish-yellowish ; costal edge rose-pink ; a dark ferruginous-fuscous

line from 1 of costa to dorsum near base, followed on dorsal half by a

triangular patch of three suffused white spots, beyond which is a spot

of fuscous suffusion on dorsum ; costal area from + to ? suffused with

fuscous, marked with eight blue-leaden-metallic dots arranged in two

rows, lower margined with scattered black scales ; within this a pale

yellowish triangular spot on middle of costa, its edges marked by

slender brown lines extended to dorsum and enclosing a triangular

space suffused with white, preceded by two leaden-metallic dots edged

with some black scales, lower one raised, and followed by one dot in

dise and a white patch beneath this; apical area beyond this forming

a pale yellow patch with a dark brown streak running round costa and

termen, marked on termen with several blue-leaden-metallic partially

connected dots: cilia pale yellow, on costa rose-pink suffused with

leaden-grey towards base, on termen dark rosy-grey at base, towards

tornus pale rosy-grey. Hindwings ochreous-whitish ; cilia whitish-

yellowish.

CapE Cotony, Dunbrody, in January (Fath. A. Vogt); one specimen.

Gen. THYESTARCHA Meyr.

THYESTARCHA ACROGYPSA, 0. Sp.

dg. 12mm. Head whitish. Palpi;whitish-ochreous, terminal joint

half second. Thorax whitish-ochreous, shoulders with a reddish-

ochreous spot. Abdomen ochreous-whitish. Forewings elongate,

Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 9

rather narrow, costa anteriorly moderately, posteriorly slightly arched,

apex pointed, termen faintly sinuate, very oblique; glossy light

ochreous, suffused with deep reddish-ochreous on costal half and

towards termen; extreme costal edge white towards middle: cilia

ochreous-yellowish, above apex reddish-tinged. Hindwings and cilia

whitish-ochreous ; a long ochreous-whitish hairpencil lying along costa

beneath forewings.

Carr Cotony, Laingsburg, in July (R. M. Lightfoot) ; one specimen.

AY LOR VCR:

GEN. EPIMACTIS Meyr.

EPIMaActis SANDYCOPA, Nl. Sp.

2. 19 mm. Head white. Palpi whitish tinged with crimson, espe-

cially on terminal joint. Thorax white with faint rosy tinge. Abdomen

whitish. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa moderately arched, apex

rounded-obtuse, termen rounded, little oblique; 3 and 4 stalked ;

whitish-grey-ochreous tinged with rosy ; costal edge pale crimson ; a

slender light rosy-fuscous streak along basal fourth of dorsum; first

discal stigma minute, dark fuscous ; an irregular rosy-brownish fascia

from costa beyond middle to dorsum before tornus, attenuated and

anteriorly indented in middle, undefined posteriorly and followed by

some scattered rosy and fuscous scales ; a narrow rosy-brownish fascia

round apical portion of costa and upper part of termen, broadest at

apex and attenuated to extremities: cilia white, with a few rosy-

fuscous seales at base. Hindwings and cilia whitish.

Nara, Durban, in December (Leigh); one specimen.

COPROMORPHIDAE.

Gen. COPROMORPHA Meyr.

CoPpROMORPHA AERUGINEA, Nl. Sp.

9. 17mm. Head whitish-ochreous, forehead with a bar of dark

fuscous irroration. Palpi whitish-ochreous irregularly irrorated with

blackish. Thorax whitish-ochreous, spotted on shoulders and posteriorly

with dark fuscous. Abdomen dark grey, basal segment whitish-

ochreous. Forewings elongate, posteriorly dilated, costa anteriorly

gently, posteriorly moderately arched, apex obtuse, termen slightly

10 Annals of the South African Museum.

rounded, rather oblique; dark fuscous, mixed with prismatic and

coppery-metallic scales ; various small irregular obscure pale ochreous

spots raised posteriorly, viz. two oblique series of three each towards

base, one beneath middle of costa, two transverse series of three or

four each beyond this, an irregular striga from tornus reaching half

across wing and a rather oblique one from costa opposite, these two last

and an apical mark tinged with ferruginous-orange; a pearly-whitish

longitudinal streak from middle of dise to upper part of tornal striga

interrupted by these spots ; an irregular whitish streak preceding lower

part of costal striga and continued by some dots towards tornus : cilia

fuscous (imperfect). Hindwings rather dark fuscous; cilia pale

fuscous, with darker subbasal shade.

Narat, Durban, in April (Marley) ; one specimen.

GLYPHIPTERYGIDAE.

Gren. GLYPHIPTERYX Hibn.

GLYPHIPTERYX IDIOMORPHA, Nl. Sp.

d. 15mm. Head and thorax dark purplish-fuscous. Palpi blackish,

second joint with two and terminal joint with one whorl! of very finely

white-tipped scales, terminal joimt white posteriorly towards apex.

Abdomen dark grey. Forewings elongate, costa gently arched, apex

obtuse, termen almost straight, oblique ; dark purplish-fuscous ; mark-

ings whitish; a straight narrow slightly oblique fascia before middle,

and another at 2, its posterior edge prominent in middle; a transverse

mark from costa before apex; a short longitudinal mark towards

termen in middle; a streak along termen throughout, narrowly inter-

rupted in middle: cilia ochreous-whitish, with two dark fuscous lines.

Hindwings and cilia rather dark grey.

Cape Conony, Hottentots Holland Mts., 4000 ft., Caledon

(Barnard) ; one specimen. A quite peculiar species.

SCYTHRIDAE.

Gen. SCYTHRIS Hibn.

ScYTHRIS ERUDITA, N. sp.

o. 18 mm. Head yellowish-bronzy. Palpi whitish. Thorax

whitish-ochreous, Abdomen ochreous-whitish, segments laterally

Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 11

marked with black at base, anal tuft ochreous-yellowish. Forewings

elongate-lanceolate, acute; glossy whitish-ochreous ; plical and second

discal stigmata black : cilia whitish-ochreous. Hindwings with 4 and

5 stalked ; light grey; cilia light greyish-ochreous.

Ruopesia, Bulawayo (H. C. Pead); one specimen. Allied to

melanopleura.

HYPONOMEUTIDAE.

MOROTRIPTA, n. g.

Head shortly rough-scaled; ocelli present; tongue rudimentary.

Antennae (broken) in ¢ simple, basal joint moderate, without pecten.

Labial palpi rather long, curved, subascending, second joint thickened

with dense scales, dilated beneath and forming a short apical projec-

tion, terminal joint hardly half second, somewhat thickened with

scales, pointed. Maxillary palpi obsolete. Posterior tibiae with

appressed scales. Forewings with 1b fureate, 2 and 3 stalked from

angle, 7 to termen, 1] from middle. Hindwings 1, narrowly elongate-

ovate, cilia over 1; 3 and 4 approximated from angle of cell, 5 rather

curved, parallel to 4, transverse vein very oblique inwards from 5 to 6,

6 and 7 long-stalked.

Possibly related to Gymnogramma, though dissimilar in appearance.

Mororripta FATIGATA, 0. sp.

S- 12mm. Head and thorax light grey suffused with white. Palpi

grey, terminal joint white. Abdomen whitish-grey. Forewings elon-

gate, narrow, costa gently arched, apex obtuse, termen very obliquely

rounded ; fuscous, suffusedly irrorated with white; stigmata large,

cloudy, darker fuscous, plical obliquely beyond first discal: cilia light

fuscous mixed with whitish. Hindwings and eilia light grey.

RuopesiA, Bulawayo (H. C. Pead) ; one specimen.

ZYGOGRAPHA, n. g.

Head shortly rough-haired; tongue short. Antennae 3, in d

shortly ciliated, basal joint moderate, without pecten. Labial palpi

moderate, porrected, loosely scaled, terminal joint shorter than second,

hardly pointed. Maxillary palpi obsolete. Posterior tibiae with

appressed scales. Forewings with 2 from angle, 7 to termen, 11 from

middle, secondary cell defined. Hindwings 1, elongate-ovate, cilia = ;

2-7 separate, 5 and 6 somewhat approximated towards base,

12 Annals of the South African Museum.

ZAYGOGRAPHA ASAPHOCHALCA, Nl. Sp.

S$. 15mm. Head, palpi, and thorax dark fuscous, finely speckled

with whitish, appearing grey. Abdomen whitish-grey. Forewings

elongate, costa moderately arched, apex tolerably pointed, termen

faintly sinuate, rather strongly oblique; light violet-grey sprinkled

with dark fuscous ; markings suffused, light brassy-ochreous-yellowish ;

blotches on basal fifth of costa and dorsum, latter confluent with a

curved transverse fascia at 3, not reaching costa; some indistinct

suffusion towards dorsum beyond middle, and a spot on tornus ; trans-

verse blotches in disc at 3 and towards termen; a median streak of

white suffusion from base, interrupted by the yellowish markings but

becoming broader and more distinct posteriorly, where it forms

irregular white patches between them: cilia grey mixed with white

(imperfect). Hindwings and cilia grey.

Care Conony, Hottentots Holland Mts., 4000 ft., Caledon

(Barnard) ; one specimen.

GRACILARIADAE.

GEN. ACROCERCOPS Wallgr.

ACROCERCOPS PRAEGEMINA, 0. Sp.

¢d. 8mm. Head, palpi, and thorax white, patagia fuscous. Abdo-

men light grey. Forewings very narrowly lanceolate, long-pointed ;

fuscous, towards apex and along termen suffused with brownish-

ochreous ; three triangular white dorsal blotches edged with a few

black scales, first two reaching more than half across wing, first at 1 of

wing, slenderly produced along dorsum to base, connected with costa

by a slender bar, second median, third smaller, tornal; three white

black-edged costal dots, first between first two dorsal blotches, second

opposite median blotch, third rather before tornal; a fine rather

oblique white black-edged line at § of wing; a white apical spot partly

in costal cilia, edged with black and cut transversely by a black

strigula: cilia otherwise grey, with a white spot on terminal extremity

of anteapical line. Huindwings grey; cilia light grey.

Cape Contony, Capetown, in May (Lightfoot) ; one specimen,

Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 13

LYONETIADAE.

Gen. HIEROXESTIS Meyr.

HiIEROXESTIS INDISCRETA, Nl. Sp.

2. 18-19 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax bronzy-ochreous. Abdomen

light greyish-ochreous. Forewings narrow-lanceolate, apex produced,

acute; bronzy-ochreous: cilia pale ochreous. Hindwings_brassy-

whitish-ochreous, more whitish towards base; cilia whitish-ochreous.

Care Conony, Capetown, in January ; two specimens.

NEPTICULIDAKE.

Gren. NEPTICULA Heyd.

NEPTICULA PORPHYREUTA, Nl. Sp.

6. 4mm. Head orange-yellow, collar white. Antennae dark grey,

eyecaps white. Thorax shining purplish-grey. Abdomen dark grey.

Forewings lanceolate ; light shining bronzy-grey mixed with purplish ;

a narrow slightly oblique silvery white fascia at ; apical area beyond

this wholly deep purple: cilia dark grey, round apex suffused with

deep purple on basal half, with a silvery-white basal dot on dorsal

extremity of fascia. Hindwings and cilia dark grey.

Natat, Durban (Marley) ; two specimens.

TINEIDAE.

Gen. TINEA Lin.

TINEA OBNOXIA, N. sp.

¢. 22mm. Head whitish-ochreous. (Labial palpi broken.) An-

tennae dark fuscous. Thorax dark purplish-fuscous. Abdomen

fuscous. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa gently arched, apex

obtuse, termen rounded, rather strongly oblique; dark purplish-

fuscous: cilia rather lighter. Hindwings rather dark purplish-bronzy-

fuscous ; cilia greyish, whitish-tinged towards tips.

Care Cotony, Dunbrody, in March (Fath. A. Vogt); one specimen.

Allied to oenopis, but larger, and at once distinguished by the dark

antennae.

14 Annals of the South African Museum.

EPALEURA, n. g.

Head with short loosely appressed hairs, rather rough on crown ;

ocelli present ; tongue absent. Antennae 2, in ¢ moderately ciliated,

basal joint moderate, with rough pecten of scales. Labial palpi short,

porrected, loosely scaled, terminal joint shorter than second, obtuse.

Maxillary palpi absent. Posterior tibiae with appressed scales. Fore-

wings with 16 furecate, 2 from angle, 4 and 5 connate, 7 absent, 11

from before middle. Hindwings 1, elongate-ovate, cilia +; 3 absent,

4 and 5 rather approximated, 6 and 7 rather approximated.

Allied to Sapheneutis.

EPALEURA SALARIA, 0. sp.

d- 16mm. Head white. Palpi grey, mixed with whitish. Thorax

grey sprinkled with white. Abdomen whitish-grey. Forewings

elongate, costa gently arched, apex obtuse, termen obliquely rounded ;

light ochreous-grey suffusedly irrorated with white: cilia similarly

coloured. Hindwings whitish-grey ; cilia ochreous-whitish.

Care Cotony, King William’s Town (Lightfoot) ; one specimen.

CATHALISTIS, n. g.

Head clothed with rough projecting hairs; tongue short. An-

tennae 4, in ¢ pubescent-ciliated, basal joint short, without pecten.

Labial palpi moderate, straight, porrected, loosely scaled, terminal

joint shorter than second, tolerably pointed. Maxillary palpi

moderate, filiform, folded. Posterior tibiae clothed with rough hairs

above. Forewings with 1b furcate, 2 from angle, 7 to termen, 11

from +. Hindwings 1, elongate-ovate, cilia 2; 2 widely remote, 3

from angle, 3-7 tolerably remote, 5 and 4 as branches of lower

parting-vein, transverse vein inwardly oblique from 5 to 7.

CATHALISTIS ORINEPHELA, 0. Sp.

g. 26 mm. Head whitish, face and palpi whitish-grey. Thorax and

abdomen grey-whitish. Forewings elongate, rather narrowed anteriorly,

costa gently arched, apex obtuse-pointed, termen faintly sinuate, rather

strongly oblique; grey, suffusedly irrorated with whitish : cilia whitish.

Hindwings whitish-grey ; cilia whitish.

Carre Conony, Hottentots Holland Mts., 4000 ft., Caledon

(Barnard) ; one specimen.

Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 15

Gen. MELASINA Boisd.

MELASINA INDIGENA, 0. sp.

¢. 20-21 mm. Head, palpi, antennae, thorax, and abdomen dark

fuscous; palpi very short, slender, rough-haired at base; antennal

pectinations 5. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa moderately

arched, faintly siuate in middle, apex obtuse, termen slightly rounded,

rather oblique; dark fuscous, very obscurely darker-strigulated : cilia

fuscous. Hindwings dark fuscous; cilia grey, with dark fuscous sub-

basal shade.

Carpe Conony, Hottentots Holland Mts., 4000 ft., Caledon

(Barnard) ; two specimens.

PARAPTICA, n. g.

Head loosely rough-haired; ocelli absent; tongue very short.

Antennae 2, in dg somewhat stout, simple, basal joint moderate, with

strong pecten. Labial palpi long, porrected, clothed with long dense

loosely-projecting scales, joimts concealed. Maxillary palpi obsolete.

Posterior tibiae clothed with very long fine hairs above. Forewings

with small tufts of scales on surface; 16 furcate, 2 from angle, 3 and

4 approximated at base, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa, 11 from before

middle. Hindwings 1, elongate-ovate, almost pointed, cilia +; 2-4

parallel, 5 and 6 nearly approximated at base, 7 parallel.

Allied to Hapsifera.

PARAPTICA CONCINERATA, 0. sp.

g. 20-23 mm. Head white. Palpi white, irrorated externally with

dark fuscous. Thorax white, sprinkled with blackish, shoulders with

spot of blackish suffusion. Abdomen light fuscous, anal tuft pale

sreyish-ochreous- Forewings elongate, narrow, costa gently arched,

apex tolerably pointed, termen very obliquely rounded ; white finely

irrorated with dark fuscous, appearing greyish ; markings formed of

black irroration with more or less hight brown suffusion; a mark

beneath costa near base, and an oblique mark beneath this in disc; a

dot beneath fold at 1 of wing, and several along costa; stigmata

represented by irregular roundish spots, plical shghtly beyond first

discal ; a slightly curved transverse line towards apex ; some marginal

dots round apex and termen : cilia whitish irrorated with grey and

blackish. Hindwings grey ; cilia whitish-ochreous-grey.

Care Conony, Dunbrody, in January and March (Fath. A. Vogt) ;

two specimens.

16 Annals of the South African Museum.

Gren. AMYDRIA Cl.

AMYDRIA PELOPLACA, D. sp.

do. 21 mm. Head whitish-ochreous. Palpi whitish, externally

suffusedly irrorated with dark fuscous except at base and apex of

joints, second joint with numerous lateral bristles, terminal joint about

half second. Thorax grey, patagia ochreous-whitish except towards

shoulders. Abdomen pale greyish-ochreous. Forewings elongate,

rather narrow, costa gently arched, apex obtuse, termen very obliquely

rounded ; 7 and 8 short-stalked in one wing only; grey suffused with

dark fuscous, tending to form streaks on veins; an oval patch of

ochreous-brown suffusion occupying posterior third of cell, an elongate

patch beneath cell throughout, and some undefined suffusion between

veins beyond cell: cilia whitish-ochreous irrorated with dark fuscous

on basal half, and barred with fuscous on outer half. Hindwings

grey, darker posteriorly ; cilia whitish-grey, with basal third fuscous

and lighter fuscous postmedian shade.

Naat, Knysna (Dr. L. Péringuey); one specimen.

LAMPRONIADAE.

SINDONOPHORA, n. g.

Head loosely haired; ocelli absent; tongue absent. Antennae }, in

S very shortly bipectinated, fasciculate-ciliated, basal joint short,

stout. Labial palpi rather short, subascending, loosely scaled, terminal

joint shorter than second, obtuse. Maxillary palpi obsolete. Posterior

tibiae with appressed scales. Forewings with 16 furcate, 2 from angle,

7 to apex, 9 absent, 10 from near end of cell, somewhat curved, 11 from

middle. Hindwings 1, ovate, clothed with hair-scales, cilia 2; 3 and

A slightly approximated, 5 absent, 6 and 7 somewhat approximated.

SINDONOPHORA LEUCOZONA, Nl. Sp.

dg. 14-15 mm. Head, palpi,and thorax fuscous mixed with white.

Forewings elongate, posteriorly dilated, costa moderately arched, apex

obtuse, termen slightly rounded, oblique ; rather dark purple-fuscous ;

a rather straight white median fascia; a small white spot on costa

about 2: cilia white. Hindwings and cilia snow-white.

Carr Conony, Table Mountain, bred from larvae feeding on lichens

(Dr. Marloth); two specimens. A very remarkable form of much

interest.

Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 17

ADELIDAE.

Gen. CEROMITIA Zell.

CEROMITIA MITRATA, 0. sp.

3d Q. 22-23 mm. Head whitish, with a band of fuscous suffusion

between antennae. Palpi grey-whitish, labial moderate, slender, hairy

towards base, maxillary slightly shorter. Antennae greyish. Thorax

erey-whitish, shoulders with a grey spot mixed with black. Abdomen

erey-whitish. Forewings elongate, rather narrow, costa gently arched,

apex obtuse, termen rounded, rather strongly oblique; veins all separate ;

light ochreous-grey, suffusedly mixed with whitish, and strewn with

small scattered dark grey or blackish strigulae; extreme base of costa

black ; a small black longitudinal mark beneath costa near base ; rather

large black dots in dise before 4 and at end of cell: cilia whitish, some-

times tinged with greyish-ochreous towards base. Hindwings with

5 and 6 connate; light grey, with purple reflections; cilia grey-

whitish.

Care Couiony, Capetown, in September and December (Lightfoot) ;

two specimens. Most lke elongatella, but without the two distinct

dark spots on costa posteriorly of that species.

PROTOTHEORIDAE.

This new family is constituted for the following remarkable genus ;

it is a third family of Micropterygina, intermediate between the Hepia-

lidae and the Micropterygidae, and distinct from both. In 18965 I

wrote of the family Hepialidae: ‘ It stands more conspicuously isolated

than any other group of Lepidoptera, for although it is without doubt a

terminal development from the Micropterygidae, the gap between them

is considerable ; exotic genera, whilst differing in various details, are

remarkably uniform in the more important peculiarities of structure,

and do not at all tend to bridge the gap” (‘Handbook of British

Lepidoptera,’ p. 798). This has remained true up to the present, so

far as I am aware. The insect here described, however, does in my

judgment stand almost exactly midway in the gap, inclining in some

respects to one family and in some to the other, and showing, more-

over, some leaning towards the early African forms of true Tineidae,

which not improbably marks a real genetic connection ; it is therefore

18 Annals of the South African Museum.

of extreme interest, and encourages the hope that further links may be

discovered in the mountains of the most southerly region. Search

should be made for such forms (which may perhaps be of Tricho-

pterous appearance), especially in winter or early spring, at elevations

of 38-5000 ft., and amongst vegetation of primitive types, particularly

Conifers.

PROTOTHEORA, n. g.

Head with very short rough scales, sidetufts longer, spreading, face

short (so that palpi originate unusually near antennae) ; ocelli small ;

tongue rudimentary, consisting of two very short curved diverging

filaments. Antennae under }, thick towards base, tapering, flattened,

moderately and evenly ciliated (3) on both edges. Labial palpi

moderate, porrected, somewhat drooping, clothed with dense loosely

appressed scales attenuated to a point at apex, joints concealed.

Maxillary palpi obsolete. Thorax with large rough erect tuft at

posterior extremity, patagia very short, forming small erect tufts just

behind shoulders. Abdomen rather slender, in ¢ with rather thick

anal tuft and strong curved double diverging uncus, claspers slender,

terminating in long fine upeurved hooks. Legs rather long, slender,

middle tibiae with two short apical spurs, posterior tibiae thinly haired

above, with median and apical pairs of short spurs. Forewings with

dorsum and termen nearly evenly curved, but tornus slightly marked,

dorsal margin ciliated like termen to near base, with strong membranous

prominence at base (jugum); 1b basally long-furcate, le distinct,

2 from angle of cell, 2-6 parallel, transverse vein angulated outwards

on 3 and inwards between 3 and 4, forked internal vein rising out of

lower margin of cell at 4, lower fork running to angle between 3 and

4, upper nearly to 5, 7 and 8 rather shortly stalked, 8 to termen, 9 and

10 long-stalked, 9 to just above apex, 11 from about middle of cell,

12 from cell near base, running to ¢ of costa, connected with costa by

bar near base and emitting a short oblique additional vein (13) to

costa about middle of wing. Hindwings 1, narrowly elongate-ovate,

cilia 2, costa near base with a broad flat tuft of long stiff obliquely

projecting hairs resting in notch formed by jugum of forewings ;

neuration nearly as in forewings, but 1b obsolete, la and le distinct,

transverse vein slightly angulated inward on 4, outward on 5, inward

between 5 and 6, internal vein rising from base of wing, lower branch

running to 4, upper to angle between 5 and 6, 12 without median

branch.

Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 19

PROTOTHEORA PETROSEMA, 0. Sp.

6. 18-25 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax dark fuscous finely irrorated

with white. Abdomen grey, segmental margins whitish. Forewings

narrow-elongate, costa slightly arched, apex obtuse, termen very

obliquely rounded ; rather light fuscous; costal edge dark fuscous,

with three or four small indistinct spots; a very irregular thick white

median streak from base with two irregular prominences above alter-

nating with two beneath, posteriorly dilated and running to costa

before apex, where it encloses two small spots of ground colour, edged

with dark fuscous in disc and posteriorly, or sometimes wholly suffused

and obliterated with dark fuscous, remainder of wing sometimes

obscurely marbled with whitish irroration: cilia greyish, with two

broad darker shades sprinkled with dark fuscous. Hindwings grey ;

cilia pale greyish, sometimes with two broad darker shades.

Carre Cotony, Capetown, in May (Lightfoot) ; Hottentots Holland

Mts. 4000 ft., Caledon (Barnard); five specimens. Seemingly very

variable in colouring.

Acrocercops .

acrogypsa (Phy estercha)

ADELIDAE .

aeruginea (Copromorpha)

Amydria

anxia (bata pctobs)

Areocosma

asaphochalea Grecs: anh.

aulotoma (Dichomeris)

bactrospila (Picrogenes)

Cathalstis

Ceromitia

concinerata (Parapticn

Copromorpha :

COPROMORPHIDAE .

Cryptolechia .

diaxantha (Doxomeres)

Dichomeris

Diocosma

Doxomeres

EPALEURA

Epichorista

Epimactis

Erudita (centneis)

EUCOSMIDAE

fatigata (Morotripta) .

(20 )

INDEX.

ial

Gelechia

GELECHIADAE .

GLY PHIPTERYGIDAE

Glyphipteryx

GRACILARIADAE

Hieroxestis

HY PONOME UTIDAE

idiomorpha (Glyphipteryx) .

illutus (Pterophorus)

indigena (Melasina)

indiscreta (Hieroxestis)

LAMPRONIADAE

leucozona (Sindonophora)

LYONETIADAE .

Melasina

mitrata (Gerona)

molybdela (Diocosma) .

Morotripta

multifida Gabisane)

Nepticula

NEPTICULID AE

niphosema (Epichorista)

PAGE

Descriptions of South A frican Micro-Lepidoptera.

PAGE

obnoxia (Tinea) . : : aes

OECOPHORIDAE : : qn

orinephela (Cathalistis) : . 14

orsobela (Areocosma) . : 5d

Parapsectris . . 7 : . A

Paraptica . ; : 2 15

peloplaca (Amnydrin) : : s Ale

petrosema (Prototheora) . 5 lg)

Picrogenes . : : >

Polyhymno . ; : . 4

porphyreuta @Nepricals) ; 5 alg

praegemina (Acrocercops) . 5 iy

PROTOTHEORIDAE . : a wily

Prototheora . : . 6 5 ils)

PTEROPHORIDAE 1

Pterophorus . : . 2 oe

salaria (Epaleura) 5 : . 14

sandycopa (Epimactis)

sarcographa (Gelechia) : > o

SCYTHRIDAE

Seythris

Sindonophora

sinuosa (Spilonota)

Spilonota

alt

tetrasticta (Cr aaa

Thyestarcha .

Tinea :

TINEIDAE .

TORTRICIDAE

Trichoptilus .

triscelis (Gelechia)

viduus (‘Trichoptilus)

xanthosarca (Cryptolechia) .

XYLORYCTIDAE

Zygographa .

wr wow

Pea! ' ; & Si

Lees . 7%. °

= i = oa

{ 23 )

2. South African Crustacea (Part IX. of S.A. Crustacea, for the

Marine Investigations in South Africa).—By the Rev. Tuomas

R. R. Sressine, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.8., Fellow of King’s

College, London, Hon. Memb. of New Zealand Inst., Hon. Fellow

Worcester College, Oxford.

(Plates I-VIII of Vol. XVII. Plates XC—XCVII of Crustacea.)

Or the eighteen species here considered, sixteen belong to the

Malacostraca and two to the parasitic Copepoda. Three of the

plates refer te species discussed in Part VIII of these Investigations,

and illustrations are offered of forms named by various authors in

cases where it seemed desirable by this means either to establish the

identification of the specimens concerned or to give experts a reason-

able opportunity of correcting it.

With regard to Philocheras megalocheir, described in Part VIII,

it is right to mention that Mr. Stanley Kemp in 1912 argued that

Pontophilus, Leach, and Philocheras were so connected by intermediate

species that Philocheras could not properly be separated from the

earlier Pontophilus. It is interesting to remember that for a long

time science was engaged in splitting up comprehensive genera such

as Cancer into an endless number of subdivisions.. Now, with the

discovery of links and gradations, there is a natural tendency to

reunite the severed parts.

24,

1857

1875

1880

1893

1910

1911

1916.

1873

1910

1910.

Annals of the South African Museum.

’ MALACOSTRACA.

Brachyura.

Trine OXYRRHYNCHA.

Famity INACHIDAHE.

Gen. ACHAEOPSIS, Stimpson.

. Achaeopsis, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. 9, p. 219.

. Dorynchus, Norman Wyville-Thomson, Depths of the Sea,

p. 174, fig. 34.

. Lispognathus, A. Milne-Edwards, Crust. reg. Mexicaine, p. 349.

. Achaeopsis, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 7, p. 36.

. Achaeopsis and Dorynchus, Stebbing, in these Annals, vol. 6,

pt. 4, p. 285.

. Achaeopsis, Rathbun, Tr. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 14, pt. 2,

p. 247.

Rathbun, Pr. U.S. Mus., vol. 50, p. 535.

Additional references for the united genera will be found in

these Annals for 1910. A. superciliaris, Ortmann, and the little

A. suluensis, Rathbun, seem to be closely related one to the

other, but well distinguished from other species by the large

median spine of the carapace.

”

AcCHAEOPSIS THOMSONI (Norman).

Plate XC.

. Dorynchus thomsoni, Norman, Depths of the Sea, p. 174, fig. 34.

Stebbing, Ann. 8S. Afr. Mus., vol. 6, pt. 4,

p- 286.

Achaeopsis thomsoni, Rathbun, Tr. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 14,

pt. 2, p. 247.

7 9 >

Among many females laden with ova and smaller males the

specimen here figured was conspicuous by its chelipeds

strikingly larger than in any other specimen, and with the

palm very much longer than the fingers. In other respects

there appeared to be no trustworthy marks of difference to

justify the naming of a new species. The parallelism or

divergence of the horns of the rostrum is certainly a variable

character. All the specimens examined, of either sex, have the

strongly curved process on the ventral surface of the rostrum

1847.

1915.

1916.

1909.

1911.

South African Crustacea. 25

in front of the recesses for the first antennae. In the male the |

pleon is bent at the third (the widest) segment, so that the first

and second segments occupy a position nearly, if not quite, at

right angles with the last three segments. From the second

segment nearly to the end of the pleon “there is a raised central

lobe. In the,‘female this;lobe begins on the first segment,

which is the’ narrowest, while the fifth is the broadest, the sixth

also being very broad, the whole forming a capacious bowl for

the ova.

The male specimen here figured is about 24 mm. long by

17 mm. broad.

Locality. Vasco de Gama S. 75° E., 135 miles. Depth

166 fathoms. No. 248. Sent by Dr. Gilchrist.

Gen. HYASTENUS, White.

Hyastenus, White, Proc. Zool."Soc. London, p.’ 56.

Calman, Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, p. 313.

M. J. Rathbun, Proc. U.S. Mus., vol. 50, pp.

542-548.

Dr. Calman explains that it is Pisa aries, Latreille,;which has

been referred to Hyastenus, “not Halimus? aries, Latreille (in

Guérin), so that the supposed necessity for making Hyastenus

a synonym of Halimus does not arise.

HYASTENUS UNCIFER, Calman.

Hyastenus uncifer, Calman, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pp. 705,

(12; plo dz, figs26., 9:

Halimus uncifer, Mary J. Rathbun, Trans. Linn. Soc. London,

vol. 14, pt. 2, p. 252, pl. 20, fig. 7.

Both authors lay stress on the marginal teeth of the fingers

in the ambulatory legs as a distinctive feature. But Dr. de

Man in his description of Hyastenus hilgendorfi (J. Linn. Soc.

London, vol. 22, p. 18, 1887) says:, “ The ,dactylopodites are

armed with a row of acute spinules along their inner margins ;

these spinules gradually increase in length towards the tip.”

In the specimen which I am, referring to Calman’s species

these spinules were completely concealed until} the organism was

removed, which covered almost the whole of the upper surface

of the body and the fingers with a close, felt-like matting.

The skin when uncovered had a satiny, dull red appearance.

The horns measured along the inner margin are 21] mm. long,

the interval between the tips is 13 mm., and the length from

Annals of the South African Museum.

the middle of that interval to the base is 18mm. From that

base to the foremost median spine of the carapace the length

is 8mm., and thence to the hindmost slightly procurved spine

30 mm. Between the tips of the lateral strongly projecting

branchial spines the breadth is 36 mm., and between the bases

of those spines 26 mm. The breadth at the obscure eyes is

10mm. The length of the chelae (hand and finger) is 17 mm.,

of which the finger on the left takes 7 mm., the right finger

being slightly shorter. The finger of the fifth peraeopod is

8 mm. long.

The hindmost spine of the carapace is preceded at a distance

of 10 mm. not by another spine or tubercle, but by a very

prominent swelling.

The terminal segment of the narrow tuberculate pleon of this

male specimen is triangular with the tip slightly truncate.

Calman states that ‘the basal antennal segment has a sharp

spine at the antero-external angle.’ In clearing the coat of the

present specimen I may have removed this spine. I cannot

certify its presence. Unless the hypothesis be admitted that the

relative lengths of horns and spines are subject to much varia-

tion, a new species might have to be coined for the specimen

here described.

Locality. Umsunduzi River, Pietermaritzburg. No. 228.

MACRURA ANOMALA.

Trinr GALATHEIDEA.

Famiry GALATHEIDAE.

Gen. GALATHEA, Fabricius.

For these systematic divisions see the General Catalogue in these

Annals, vol. 6, pt. 4, pp. 349, 360, 362.

1851.

1888.

1894.

1900.

GALATHEA INTERMEDIA, Liljeborg.

Galathea intermedia, Liljeborg, Ofvers. Vet. Akad. ForhandL, p. 21.

+ , Bonnier, Contrib. Faune Marine de Wime-

reux, p. 44.

* re A. M.-Edwards et Bouvier, Camp. Sci.

Monaco, Fase. 7, pt. 1, pp. 79, 81, pl. 8,

figs. 1-10.

5 3 A. M.-Edwards et Bouvier, Crust. Décap.

Travailleur et Talisman, p. 277.

South African Crustacea. 27

The late Monsieur Jules Bonnier has given (loc. cit.) an elabo-

rate bibliography of this small species. The specimen which I

now assign to it was without the first and second peraeopods,

and the third and fourth, though present on one side, were only

in a state of recuperation. It was otherwise in good condition

and probably adult, the carapace being 8 mm. long, therefore

near to the size of 9 mm., which Bonnier gives as its measure-

ment in an adult male. There are some slight differences in

detail. Behind the rostral region on the median line of the

carapace Bonnier gives only a couple of spinules placed trans-

versely. In the African specimen there are four. The eyes are

rather stouter. In the first antennae the two sharp prolonga-

tions of the characteristic basal joint have each below the apex

a long spine which reaches well beyond the apex of the prolonga-

tion, in place of the seta which in Bonnier’s figure does not reach

the apex. Bonnier finds the telson divided into two symmetrical

halves by the distal groove. The African specimen shows a slight

inequality in the two lobes. ‘These small variations, apart

from possible differences in the missing peraeopods, can have

no specific importance, since the mouth-organs as well as the size

and superficial details all conform to the northern standard.

Locality. Seal Island, W.S.W. (Mossel Bay). No. 238.

MACRURA GENUINA.

Trisg THALASSINIDEA.

Famity AXIIDAE.

Gen. CALOCARIS, Bell.

Catocaris aLcocki, McArdle.

Plate XCI.

(The discussion of this species appeared last year (1915) in these

Annals, vol. 15, pt. 2, p. 59.)

Trine ERYONIDEA.

(See General Catalogue of S.A. Crustacea, p. 377.)

Famity ERYONIDAE.

1910. Eryonidae, Stebbing, Ann. S.A. Mus., vol. 6, pt. 4, p. oie

1914, is Selbie, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., pt. 1, p. 8.

1916. <= de Man, Siboga Exp., vol. 39a’, p. 1.

1862.

1912.

1914.

1916.

1908.

1910.

Annals of the South African Museum.

Dr. de Man now assigns to this family the genera Polycheles,

Heller, 1862, Willemoesia, Grote, 1873, Eryoneicus, Bate, 1882,

Stereomastis, Bate, 1888, and gives lists of all the species to

be apportioned to these genera respectively. He considers that

Aleock was right in distinguishing the two groups which he

named Polycheles and Pentacheles, but that his Polycheles

should properly be identified with Bate’s Stereomastis and that

Pentacheles, Bate, 1878, should lapse as a synonym of Heller’s

Polycheles.

Gen. POLYCHELES, Heller.

Polycheles, Heller, Sitz. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 45, p. 389.

_ (part), Kemp and Sewell, Records Indian Mus.,

vol. 7, pt. 1, no. 2, p. 23.

P 4 Selbie, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., pt. 1,

ps 2:

x de Man, Siboga Exp., vol. 39a’, p. 1.

As characters for the genus Dr. de Man proposes the follow-

ing: The thoracic legs, except the last pair, provided with

epipods, normal but varying in length; the epipod of the third

maxillipeds also of variable size, but, so far as known, rudi-

mentary only in P. tanneri, Faxon; the lateral borders of the

carapace commonly armed with more than twenty spines, except

in the small and probably juvenile form, P. obscurus (Bate) ;

the median dorsal carina of the carapace usually double, granu-

lated, rarely nodulated, and in most cases presenting no definite

small number of spines, being often traversed by bead-like

tubercles or granulations or covered with crowded spinules ;

the first abdominal tergum, finally, is probably never armed

with the two small spines at and near the outer ends of the

anterior border, that generally occur in the species of Stereo-

mastis.

POLYCHELES DEMANI, 0. sp.

Plate XCII.

Polycheles beaumontii (?), Stebbing, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. 6,

pt. 1, p. 25.

% is (?), Stebbing, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. 6,

pt. 4, p. 377.

In naming this species after my friend Dr. de Man I now

accept the opinion expressed in his latest very valuable work,

South African Crustacea. 29

in which he agrees with the late Mr. C. M. Selbie, that this

form is distinct from Alcock’s P. beawmontii and the P. granu-

latus, Faxon, In common with Miss Rathbun, those authors

regard P. beawmontii as a synonym of Faxon’s species.

In 1908 I gave some particulars of a male and of a female

specimen, both taken in localities near to that from which the

female now figured was obtained. The measurements are very

similar, the length from the base of the rostral spines to apex

of telson being 130 mm.; but from the foremost lateral spine

to a point parallel with the tip of the telson the interval is

138 mm.; greatest breadth of carapace 51 mm.; the length of

the telson detached is 26 mm. The longer flagellum of the first

antenna measured 78 mm., its companion about 22 mm.; the

flagellum of the second antenna was 70 mm. long.

The lateral teeth of the carapace form sets of 7, 4, and 20

or 21: at the base of the rostral pair there is a small unpaired

denticle; in various parts of the surface there are small teeth

some of which show a symmetrical arrangement, but for many

this is doubtful, because of the short pubescence which conceals

them. This dark felt puts the carapace in strong contrast with

the smooth polished pleon. Of this the first four segments have

each a small forward-pointing carinal tooth, the fifth a carinal

elevation, while the sixth is quite devoid of a carina. The telson

has a pair of converging ridges, distant both from the base and

the apex.

The third maxillipeds have a well-developed, but slender, epipod.

In the first peraeopods the third joint is 24 mm. long, the

fourth 43 mm., the fifth 30 mm., the sixth 50 mm., and the

finger 25 mm. The denticles on the distal half of the fourth

joint are in this specimen very small, successively diminishing.

In the fifth peraeopods the fifth and sixth joints and the finger

are longitudinally carinate, with long setae springing from the

carina; the process of the sixth joint is feebly carinate, and its

tip meets that of the finger.

Numerous small ova were attached to the pleopods of this

specimen.

Locality. Cape Point Lighthouse approx. NE. 40 miles;

depth 560-700 fathoms. No. 182.

Gren. STEREOMASTIS, Bate.

1888. Stereomastis, Bate, Rep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, pp. x, 154.

1901.

1902.

1908.

1910.

1912.

1914.

1916.

1884.

1908.

1916.

Annals of the South African Musewm.

Polycheles, Alcock (not Heller), Catal. Indian Deep-sea Crus-

tacea, Macrura and Anomala, p. 166.

s Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 35.

3 (part), Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 25.

iy ,, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5, p. 377.

s » Kemp and Sewell, Records Indian Mus.,

vol. 7, pt. 1, no. 2, p. 28.

a ,, Selbie, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., pt. 1,

p- 9.

Stereomastis, de Man, Siboga Exp., vol. 39a’, p. 1.

For assigning species to this genus de Man gives the follow-

ing characters: The lateral margins of the carapace are con-

stantly armed with fewer than 20 spines; the median dorsal

ridge of the carapace carries a definite number of 4 to 7 spines,

the outer angles of the anterior border of the first pleon seg-

ment have 2 spines in all the known species except Stereomastis

ceratus (Alcock), and the epipod of the third maxillipeds is

rudimentary, while on the thoracic legs it is a membranous

expansion of the base of the podobranch.

Consequently the species which in 1902 I called Polycheles

sculptus, S. I. Smith, should now be named Stereomastis

sculptus (Smith). In the general catalogue of S.A. Crustacea,

p- 377, 1910, by a misprint the Museum number for this species

is given as 182, instead of 152, the former number belonging to

the new species of Polycheles here described.

STEREOMASTIS NANUS (S. I. Smith).

Pentacheles nanus, Smith, Rep. U.S. Mus., Fish. Comm. for

1882, p. 359.

Polycheles nanus, Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 4, p. 27.

Stereomastis nana, de Man, Siboga Exp., vol. 39a”, pp. 2, 4, 20

Having now examined and in part dissected a specimen little

more than an inch in length, with the pleon in good condition,

and the other parts fairly so, I do not hesitate to assign it to

this species. But the third, fourth, and fifth pleon-segments

have the large recurved carinal teeth each surmounted by a little

denticle, which is not shown in figures of this species or of the

very similar S. andamanensis (Alcock).

Locality. Table Mountain N. 79 E., distant 40 miles. Depth

250 fathoms. No. 70.

Mr. Selbie in 1914 describes and figures Polycheles nanus

(Smith), var. Grimaldii, Bouvier.

Tot

1915.

1882.

THO:

1882.

1908.

1910.

South African Crustacea. 31

Tripe PHNAEKIDEA.

Faminy PENAEKIDAE.

See General Catalogue of 8.A. Crustacea, p. 379, and add

Penaeidae, de Man, Siboga Exp., vol. 39a, pt. 1, p. 1.

a Kemp, Mem. Indian Mus., vol. 5, p. 316.

Gren. AMALOPENAREDS, S. I. Smith.

Amalopenaeus, Smith, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 10, p. 86.

<, Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., p. 13.

For references to Gennadas, Bate, with which this genus has

been by many authors considered synonymous, see Trans. R.

Soe. Edinburgh, vol. 50, pt. 2, p. 282, 1914.

AMALOPENAEUS ELEGANS, S. I. Smith.

Amalopenaeus elegans, Smith, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 10,

p. 87, pl. 14, figs. 8-14, pl. 15, figs. 1-5.

Gennadas elegans, Bouvier, Rés. Comp. Sci. Monaco, fase. 33,

P80, plid

Amalopenaeus elegans, Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest.,

p. 14, pl. 1, figs. 1-16.

This attractive species has been amply illustrated by the

three authors above mentioned, and also by Lo Bianco and

Riggio, whose figures I have not seen. The length appears rarely

to exceed 30 mm., but Kemp mentions a specimen of 38 mm.

The South African specimen is 33°5 mm. long. After 16 years

in formalin there are still spots of a rich blue on the first four

pairs of peraeopods, some less vivid on the first antennae, pur-

plish on the stalks of the golden yellow eyes, with the mouth

organs darkly red and the carapace covering a lighter red sub-

stance, its own rostrum and probably all the rest of it being

pellucid.

Locality. Cape Point Lighthouse S. 83° E., 353 miles.

Depth 360 fathoms. No. 66.

Grn. PENAEUS, J. C. Fabricius.

(For references see South African Crustacea in these Annals, in the

years 1910, 1914, 1915.)

Annals of the South African Museum.

PENAEUS INDIcUS, Milne Edwards.

Penaeusindicus, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crustacés,vol. 2, p-415.

Peneus indicus, Alcock, Catal. Indian Macrura, p. 12, pl. 1b

figs. 3, 3a (with synonymy).

Penaeus indicus, Kemp, Mem. Indian Mus., vol. 5, p. 319.

The specimens which I refer to this species have a thelyeum

corresponding with that which Bate figures in the Ann. Nat.

Hist., ser. 5, vol. 8, pl. 12, fig. 5 vp., 1881. They are far

smaller than the length of about 6 in. with which Milne

Edwards, or 8 in. with which Aleock, credits the species, one of

them having a total of 64 mm., the other of about 60 mm., in

the former the carapace being 43°5 mm. long, in the latter

39 mm. ‘The larger specimen has 7 dorsal teeth on the rostral

carina, the seventh very far from the apex, the ventral teeth

being 5 in number. In the other case there are 8 dorsal teeth

and only 3 widely spaced ventral. In each case 3 of the teeth

are behind the base of the eye-stalk. The characters answer to

Alcock’s statement, “This is an extremely variable species,

especially in respect of the length of the rostrum, which in

young individuals projects far bevond the tip of the antennal

scales, whereas in adults it is often not longer than that of

P.monodon.” In 1888 Spence Bate retains the species, but is

inclined to believe it an over-toothed variety of P. monodon, with

which he further identifies P. semisulcatus, de Haan. In 1892

de Man described and figured a variety longirostris, which he

retains in his “ Siboga ” treatise, 1911-1913.

Our specimens have the fifth and sixth pleon segments

carinate, the sixth of the same length as the telson, which is

longitudinally suleate, acute at the apex, the sides setose but

without spines. In the smaller specimen the flagella of the first

antennae were 18 mm. long, but the flagellum of the second

antenna 140 mm., thus more than twice the length of the body.

The third peraeopod reached the extremity of the scale of the

second antenna, the fifth is longer than the fourth.

Locality. Umgeni River, Durban. <A 1191.

Gen. SOLENOCERA, Lucas.

(See these Annals, vol. 15, pt. 2, p. 66, 1915.)

SOLENOCERA AFRICANUS, 0. sp.

Plate XCIITa.

South African Crustacea. 33

As this species makes a near approach to S. siphonoceros (Philippi),

as recently described and figured by Mr. Stanley Kemp, the following

points of difference may be noted. The eyes cannot be described as

‘“‘orey, with a coppery reflection,” but are rather of a deep brownish

red. The carina on the sixth pleon-segment is not “ produced pos-

teriorly to a short spine.” The flagella of the first antenne are

longer as compared with the carapace. The teeth of the rostral

carina have a different arrangement. The mandibles, though agreeing

fairly as to the palps, have a very different cutting edge. In the

second maxillipeds the terminal joint is here longer instead of shorter

than the penultimate. And in the petasma of the male this species

seems to have a more specialised form.

From S. comatus, the South African species described last year, the

present form is separated by its shallower rostrum with a different

dentation, the want of a postero-dorsal tooth to end the carina of the

sixth pleon-segment, the different cutting-edge of the mandibles and

the shorter penultimate joint of their palp, in addition to the very

different though remotely allied form of the petasma. The same

terms may be apphed to the petasma of S. melantho, de Man, but

here again additional differences point to the propriety of specific

distinction.

The female, 70°5 mm. long, has the carapace 22°5 mm., and the

pleon 48 mm. in length, from the apex of the rostrum to the cervical

groove measuring 13°5 mm., the faintly continued carina to the end of

the carapace accounting for 9 mm. The third to the sixth pleon-

segments are all carinate, the sixth scarcely as long as the fifth; the

suleate telson closely agrees with that of S. comatus, its lateral pro-

cesses being much stronger than those shown for S. melantho, de Man,

and rather further from the apex than in S. siphonoceros. The slightly

incomplete flagella of the first antennz are 32 mm. long. In the male,

which was about 53 mm. in leneth, these flagella were 26 mm. long,

the carapace 18 mm. The apex of the rostrum, acute in the female,

is slightly damaged in the male specimen. The flagella of the first

antenna bear witness alike to their importance as a generic character

and as constituents of a respiratory tube by their persistence years

after death in springing back, when released from separation, to

reform the tube. In the petasma the shorter inner lamina differs

from all the forms above compared by its bidentate apical crook, but

something similar, though not the same, is seen in S. agassizii, Faxon.

Locality. Sebastian Bluff NW. ? W., 8 miles; depth 34 fathoms.

A 1213.

34 Annals of the South African Museum.

Tring CARIDEA.

Famiry PALAEMONIDAKE.

1915. Palaemonidae, Borradaile, Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 15,

p- 206.

1915. * Kemp, Mem. Indian Mus., vol. 5, p. 264.

Gen. LEANDER, Desmarest.

(For the family and genus see also references in Trans. R. Soc.,

Edinburgh, vol. 50, pt. 2, p. 286, 1914, and these Annals, vol. 15,

pt. 2, p. 75, 1915, and add 1915, Kemp. Mem. Indian Mus., vol. 5,

p. 273.)

LEANDER PACIFICUS, Stimpson.

Plate XCIIIs.

1860. Leander pacificus, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Philad., vol. 12, p. 40

(109).

1888. 5 = de Man, Arch. Naturg. Jahrg. 53, p. 559.

1902. Pe f de Man, Abhandl. Senckenb. Nat. Gesell-

schaft, vol. 25, pt. 3, p. 806.

The specimen figured measured 54 mm., the measurement

taken being from apex of rostrum to the end of the second

pleon-segment and thence to apex of telson. ‘he dorsal carima

shows nine teeth, the foremost small, not far from the acute

apex, but considerably in advance of the main series, seven in

number, with the hindmost or ninth smaller than any of the

seven and a little remote. The ventral teeth are five, the fore-

most small, midway between the apex and the first of the serial

dorsal seven, the hindmost of the ventral five being just under

the antepenultimate of the dorsal seven. The telson is rather

shorter than the inner blade of the uropods, and has the first

pair of dorsal spines much below the middle, and about as far

from the second pair as those are from the narrow apical margin,

which has a central spine-like apex of the same length as its

lateral pair of spines, the long spines between it and them being

nearly three times as long, with the usual pair of setae of nearly

the same length as the long spines.

The eyes as preserved are grey, with two black spots adjoin-

ing the peduncle, the divisions of which are alternately orange

and white.

South African Crustacea. 35

The two pairs of antennae agree closely with those of

L. peringueyi. In the first pair the longer flagellum is 28 mm.

long, its companion in brief attachment to it being about

6°5 mm. in length, while the free flagellum is 19 mm. long,

The flagellum of the second antennae I make out to be 56 mm.

in length.

The mandibles belong to the group which have the palp

three-jointed. The third joimt in this species is little longer

than the first. In the first maxillae the blunt inner lobe of the

bifid apex has the sinuous spine which has been observed in

other species. In the third maxillipeds the antepenultimate

joint is less curved than in L. peringueyi. The first peraeopods

have the chela three-fifths the length of the wrist, the fingers

subequal to the palm ; in the second pair the movable finger is

seven-ninths the length of the palm, which is a little shorter

than the wrist.

Dr. Gilchrist reported the colour as dark green in parts which

turned red, but the red has since disappeared.

Locality. Little Brak River, Mossel Bay. No. 23.

This widely distributed and rather variable species has been

several times described, but, so far as I can find, has not

hitherto been figured.

Famity OPLOPHORIDAE.

Gren. ACANTHEPHYRA, A. Milne-Edwards.

ACANTHEPHYRA BRACHYTELSONIS, Bate.

Plate XCIV.

(This species was discussed last year—l1915—in these Annals,

vol. 15, pt. 2, p. 97.)

Famiry NEMATOCARCINIDAE.

Gren. NEMATOCARCINUS, A. Milne-Edwards.

NEMATOCARCINUS PARVIDENTATUS, Bate.

Plate XCV.

(For discussion of the species, see these Annals, vol. 15, pt. 2, p. 99.)

1912

Annals of the South African Museum.

SCHIZOPODA.

Order Mysidacea.

See General Catalogue of S.A. Crustacea, p. 395, and add

. Schizopoda, Hansen, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zo6l. Harvard, vol. 35,

p: vo:

Famity LOPHOGASTRIDAE.

Gen. GNATHOPHAUSIA, von Willemoes Suhm.

(See General Catalogue, pp. 401, 402.)

GNATHOPHAUSIA ZOEA, Suhm.

. Gnathophausia zoea, Suhm, Trans. Linn. Soe. London, ser. 2,

vol. 1, p. 32, pl. 9, figs. 2-15, pl. 10, fig. 4.

. », Sars, Rep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 13, pt. 37,

p. 44, pl. 6, figs. 6-10.

e », Ortmann, Pr. U.S. Mus., vol. 31, pp. 28, 42

pl. 2, figs. 2a, 2b.

- » Hansen, Ingolf-Exp., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 93,

pl. 4, figs. 3a—e.

s ,, Hansen, Siboga Exp., vol. 37, p.17.

i » Hansen, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard,

vol. 35, p. 186.

Ortmann and Hansen agree in making G. willemoesii, Sars, a

synonym of G. zoea, to which Hansen adds G. sarsii, Wood-

Mason, already regarded by Ortmann as merely a variety of

G. zoea. In the specimen here assigned to that species “the

outer spine of the antennal squama projects” rather consider-

ably “beyond the end of the lamellar lobe,” but not nearly so

much as shown for G. longispina of Sars. This feature may

probably be subject to considerable variation. The supra-

orbital spine, antennal spine, and branchiostegal expansion

answer the figure given by Sars. The total length from the

apex of the rostrum to the end of the telson is 66mm. The

rostrum, apparently complete, is 25°5 mm. long, the whole cara-

pace from apex of rostrum to the end of the hinder process

being 56°5 mm. in length.

Locality. Cape Point N. 81° E., 32 miles; depth 460-630

fathoms. A 1312.

South African Crustacea. ay

ISOPODA.

Trine FLABELLIFERA.

Famity EURYDICIDAE.

Gren. CIROLANA, Leach.

(For references see these Annals, vol. 6, pt. 4, pp. 419, 421.)

CIROLANA CRANCHII, Leach.

1818. Cirolana cranchii, Leach, Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. 12, p. 347.

1890. “f As Hansen, Vid. Selsk. Skr., ser. 6, vol. 5, pp.

321, 341, pl. 3, figs. 3-31.

In these Annals, vol. 10, pt. 11, p. 35la, pl. 30n, 1914, Mr.

Barnard describes and illustrates Cirolana vicina, n. sp., distin-

euishing it from C. eranchit, Leach, and C. parvus, Hansen. It

is a case somewhat parallel to one previously mentioned, but

here concerning species instead of genera. C. vicina seems to

tie C. parvus so closely to C. cranchii that one name may well

serve for all three.

The specimen which I have especially examined has the male

stilet of the second pleopod well developed. It agrees thoroughly

in shape with Hansen’s fig. 3: of the male telson and uropod

of C. cranchii, the rami being acute, not sub-bifid. The number

of the spines on the telsonic apex is 12. Thus two of the five

characters relied on for distinguishing C. vicina are wanting.

The rather uncertain difference in size of specimens, between

15 and 18 mm., surely is not of specific importance, and the

comparative slenderness of the legs is not a very striking

feature. There is still the distinction that in the second

enathopods and first peraeopods the fourth joint is not produced

externally in C. vicina as it is in C. cranchii. Yet even in

that respect specimens show that the non-production is far

from absolute.

Locality. Sebastian Bay, beach, low tide. No. 182,

38 Annals of the South African Museum

AMPHIPODA.

Tris GAMMARIDEA.

Famity LYSIANASSIDAE.

Gren. ICHNOPUS, A. Costa.

For these systematic divisions I may refer to Das Tierreich,

Lieferung 21, pp. 1, 5, 6, 52, published in 1906. Here, however, I

must add hearty thanks to my friend A. O. Walker, Esq., F.L.S.,

who has sorted into their genera a mass of South African Amphi-

poda, a tedious and time-absorbing task, even when lightened in his

case by extensive knowledge of the subject and long-continued interest

in it. Ichnopus serricrus, Walker, was added to the genus in 1909.

IcHNOPUS MACROBETOMMA, 0. sp.

Plate XCVIa.

This species is at once remarkable for the large dark eyes, with

innumerable little components, occupying almost the whole surface

of the head, at the top of which they are contiguous, while in lateral

view the front outline of each eye suggests a capital B, to which

formation the specific name refers. There are many points of agree-

ment with IJ. spinicornis and J. tawrus, the approximation being the

closer to the latter species, the palp of the first maxillae having the

peculiar widening of its distal joint just below the spine margin, as

shown in Heller’s figure, and the finger of the first gnathopod being

of the structure which he shows, except that here there are ten spines

on its widened base.

The first antennae have a secondary flagellum of ten joints, the

first of them considerably the longest. The mandibles are similar to

those which Della Valle figures for I. tawrus, differing from those

figured by Sars for J. spinicornis, though the palps agree. In our

specimen between the cutting edge and molar there is a spine row

of very short spines, perhaps worn down by use; on the upper edge

of the retroverted molar there are prominent teeth, none visible on

the lower edge, the reverse of this appearing in Della Valle’s figure.

Of the inner plate of the first maxillae I cannot speak, as it was

unfortunately broken. MHeller’s figure of it for I. tawrus does not

agree with Della Valle’s.

In the first and second peraeopods the fourth and sixth joints are

longer than the fifth, this and the fourth being fringed with setae on

South African Crustacea. 39

the hind margin. The three following pairs have short spines on

both margins of the fourth, fifth, and sixth joints; the fifth and sixth

are very slender.

The third uropods end very acutely, the outer branch having,

according to Sars, a distinct terminal joint, a character attested in

the present species by its flatness and mode of attachment rather

than its size. The telson, cleft for seven-ninths of its length, in the

preserved specimen was held erect. It is of glass-like transparence,

a quality which in other parts of the organism obscured the outlines.

From the top of the head to the end of the third pleon segment the

bent specimen measured a little less than 8mm. At full stretch it

might have been 15 mm. long, with the upper antennae about 5 and

the lower 8 mm. in length.

Locality. 38° 9’ 30” S., 28° 3’ 00” EK. Depth 47 fathoms. No. 84.

Famitry METOPIDAE.

Gen. METOPA, Boeck.

(The family and genus are described in Das Tierreich, Lief. 21,

pp. 171, 172, 724.)

METOPA ROTUNDUS, N. sp.

Plate XCVIz.

The specimen, a female with some well-advanced young, in its

firmly rounded position measured not more than 3 mm. in a straight

line from the head to the third pleon-segment, the depth at the fourth

side-plate being about 2 mm.

The eye is round, of moderate size. The antennae in both pairs

have the flagella shorter than the peduncles, tapering, seven- or

eight-jointed ; the first joint of the peduncle in the first pair longer

than the second and third joints combined, the last joint in the second

pair only slightly shorter than the penultimate.

The upper lip is more unequally bilobed than that of Metopa alderii

(Bate) as figured by Sars, nor does the mandible show the spine-row

which Sars figures for that species. The maxillee and maxillipeds

appear to agree with those of the species named.

In the first gnathopods the sides of the hand are parallel as far as

the commencement of the oblique palm, over which the smooth

finger bends, only the extreme tip overlapping it. The fifth joint is

wider but little longer than the hand. The second gnathopod is far

more robust, the wrist broader than long, the hand massive, with a

40 Annals of the South African Museum.

convex serrate palm, abruptly descending to form a cavity, within

which the apex of the strong curved finger meets a transverse row of

spinules and some palm-defining spines. Whether the cavity is open

on both sides it is difficult to say. Possibly the finger rests against a

transparent cuticle on one side.

The first peraeopod is rather longer than the second. The third is

distinguished from the two following pairs by the slenderness of its

second and fourth joints, the fourth joint in the last two pairs being

extended completely over the fifth joint.

The first uropods are as usual much the longest; the second are

intermediate in length. The third pair have the peduncle longer than

the ramus, of which the first joint is longer than the almost spine-like

second.

The telson, only seen in uplifted lateral view, appears to have a

single pair of lateral spinules.

Locality. Gericke Point N. by E., 9 miles. Depth 42 fathoms.

No. 136.

ENTOMOSTRACA.

Copepoda.

Tripe CALIGIDEHA.

Famity CALIGIDAE.

(See General Catalogue of S.A. Crustacea, p. 558, 1910. To the

species there mentioned may be added Pandaras lugubris, Heller,

1866, of which a specimen, taken from a shark, has been sent by

Mr. Gibson from Natal to Dr. G. 8. Brady, F.R.S.)

Gen. ACHTHEINUS, C. B. Wilson.

1908. Achtheinus, Wilson, Proc. U.S. Mus., vol. 35, p. 450.

19LL oe Wilson, Proc. U.S. Mus., vol. 39, pp. 630, 682.

In 1849 Dana presented to the American Academy of Sciences

his description of a new genus and species which he called

Lepidopus armatus. The account was published in the Pro-

ceedings and also in the thirteenth volume of the U.S. Exploring

Expedition. To the text of 1853 figures were added in 1855 on

pl. 95 of the Atlas. The generic name being preoccupied,

Steenstrup and Liitken in 1861 changed it to Perissopus, a genus

which they instituted for P. dentatus n. sp., including with

Nak,

South African Crustacea. 4]

some doubt P. armatus (Dana). This arrangement was accepted

by Bassett-Smith in 1899, but rejected by C. B. Wilson in 1907,

who separated Dana’s species under the new generic name of

Pholidopus. All the available information appears to be derived

from Dana, whose report seems to depend on a single specimen

of the female sex, a third of an inch long, without egg-strings.

Under the circumstances it is allowable to suggest that Dana

may have made mistakes in the minute and difficult details

which separate Pholidopus from Achtheinus. Thus, he repre-

sents the third and fourth pairs of feet as alike having the

rami one-jointed, but he only figures separately one of these

two pairs, and may have taken for granted that the third was

like the fourth. He records the first pair as uniramose, but

these minute limbs might easily have lost one of the branches

in the process of dissection. In Achtheinus all four pairs of feet

are biramose, and only the fourth pair have the rami one-jointed.

Since, however, Wilson has now instituted Achtheinus with well-

ascertained characters, the merely conjectural identity of Pholi-

dopus may stand aside.

It should be noticed that Wilson in his account of Achtheinus

dentatus says, ‘“‘The present specimens agree in every generic

particular with the type species A. oblongus.” Still, in diagnos-

ing the female of the latter he says, “ Genital segment much

smaller than the carapace,” whereas in A. dentatus it is much

larger than the carapace.

ACHTHEINUS DENTATUS, Wilson.

Plate XCVII.

Achtheinus dentatus, Wilson, Proc. U.S. Mus., vol. 39, p. 630,

pl. 67, figs. 22-31.

The female sex has been fully described by Wilson, whose

figure shows the relative length and breadth of the carapace

more accurately than mine does, which from a depression of the

front disguised the true length. This is in fact somewhat

greater than the breadth.

One male was found in close attachment to the underside of

a female. The carapace is more than twice as broad as the

following segments and longer than the whole five of them

together. Of these the first three combined are little longer

than the fourth, which equals them in breadth and is more

1824.

1861.

1899.

1908.

Annals of the South African Museum.

than twice as broad as the pentagonal fifth. The short rami

of the latter are fringed each with four setae, and a spicule on

either side of the setae. The second antennae are similar in

character to those of the female, but less elongate and without

reverted teeth. The mouth-organs showed near agreement with

those of the female, with the maxillipeds stronger.

The specimens measured varied betweed 5°5 and 65 mm. in

length for the females, with egg-strings about three times as

long ; the male was a little over 3 mm. in length.

Locality. Algoa Bay. The parasites were obtained by Dr.

Gilchrist from the tail of a shark.

Famity LERNAKEIDAE.

(See General Catalogue of S.A. Crustacea, p. 560.)

Gren. LERNEAENICUS, Lesueur.

Lerneaenicus, Lesueur, Journ. Ac. Philad., vol. 3.

Lernaeenicus, Steenstrup and Liitken, K. Danske Vid. Selsk.

Skr., ser. 5, vol. 5, pp. 398, 400.

Lerneaenicus, Steenstrup and Liitken, loc. cit., pp. 401, 432.

Lernaeenicus, Bassett-Smith, Pr. Zool. Soc. London, p. 484.

Ps Wilson, Proc. U.S. Mus., vol. 35, p. 458.

It is obvious that Steenstrup and Liitken, from whom I

borrow the reference to Lesueur, must be giving the original

spelling of the generic name in their list of corrigenda on p. 432.

They there note an additional erratum on p. 347, where Ler-

naeonicus is printed instead of Lerneaenicus.

LERNEAENICUS MEDUSAEUS ?, Wilson.

Lernaeenicus medusaeus ?, Wilson, Proc. U.S. Mus., vol. 35,

p. 458, pl. 76, figs. 99, 100.

On a small fish, which Dr. Gilchrist informed me he had

named Scopelus argenteus, there occurred a parasite displaying

a genital segment and neck, together 6°5 mm. long, with egg-

strings not quite double that length. The very short neck,

sharply bent, left the remainder of the «animal immersed

between the gills of the fish, but so firmly embedded in its

tissues that very patient endeavours produced no intelligible

result, except such as might well correspond with that described

South African Crustacea. i)

and figured by Wilson for his species. He says of the part in

question, ‘‘ When buried in the tissues of the host this mass of

processes forms a most effective attachment organ.” Of the

visible portion he says, ‘“ genital portion cylindrical without

posterior processes: no abdomen,” in agreement with our speci-

men. The identification is hypothetical, but plausible.

Locality. The fish was taken, ‘‘ Constable Hill (near Saldanha

Bay) bearing E. ? S., distant 194 miles, and Green Point bear-

ing SE. by E. 3 E., distant 36 miles.” No. 177.

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Acanthephyra

Achaeopsis

Achtheinus

africanus (Solenocera), pl. xcilll A

agassizii (Solenocera) .

aleocki (Calocaris), pl. xci

alderii (Metopa)

Amalopenaeus

Amphipoda

andamanensis (Stereomastis)

armatus (Lepidopus)

armatus (Perissopus)

armatus noneepe)

Axiidae . :

beaumontii (Polycheles)

brachytelsonis (Acanthephyra),

pl. xciv

Brachyura

Caligidae

Calocaris

Caridea .

ceratus (Stereomastis) .

Cirolana.

comatus (Solenocera)

Copepoda

eranchii (Cirolana)

demani (Polycheles), pl. xcii

dentatus (Achtheinus), pl. xcvii

dentatus (Perissopus) .

Dorynchus

elegans (Amalopenaeus)

elegans (Gennadas)

Entomostraca

Eryonidae

Eryonidea_ .

Eurydicidae .

Flabellifera

Galathea

Galatheidae 5

Galatheidea . >

(45 )

INDEX

PAGE e

35 | Gammaridea .

24 | Gennadas

40 | Gnathophausia

32 | granulatus (Polycheles)

27 | Halimus :

39 | hilgendorfi (Hyastenus)

31 Hyastenus

30 | Ichnopus

40 | Inachidae

41 | indicus (Penaeus) |

41 | indicus (Peneus) .

27 | intermedia (Galathea) |

Isopoda ;

28 |

| Leander

35 | Lepidopus

24 | Lernaeenicus

| Lernaeidae

49 | Lernaeonicus

27 | Lerneaenicus

34 | Lispognathus

39 ©» Lophogastridae

37 | lugubris (Pandarus)

33 | Lysianassidae

oy macrobetomma (Ichnopus), pl.

xcviA ; :

28 Macrura anomala .

Al | Macrura genuina .

40 | Malacostraca

O14, medusaeus (Lernaeenicus) .

= medusaeus (Lerneaenicus) .

} megalocheir (Philocheras)

31 | melantho (Solenocera)

31 Metopa . :

20 Metopidae

Z { | monodon (Penaeus)

a Mysidacea

nana (Stereomastis)

37 | nanus (Pentacheles)

nanus (Polycheles)

26 | nanus (Stereomastis)

26 | Nematocarcinidae .

26 | Nematocarcinus

oblongus (Achtheinus)

obscurus (Polycheles) .

Oplophoridae

Oxyrrhyncha

pacificus (Leander), pl. xciii B

Palaemonidae : : :

Pandarus

parvidentatus (Nematocarcinus),

pl. xcv

parvus (Cirolana) .

Penaeidae

Penaeidea

Penaeus

Pentacheles . .

peringueyi (Leander) .

Perissopus

Pholidopus

Polycheles

rotundus (Metopa), pl. xcvi B

sarsil eek

Schizopoda .

sculptus (Polycheles) .

Index.

41 | sculptus (Stereomastis)

28 | semisulcatus (Penaeus)

35 | serricrus (Ichnopus)*

24 | siphonoceros Nears

Solenocera

34 | spinicornis (Ichnopus) .

34 | Stereomastis .

40 | suluensis (Achaeopsis) .

superciliaris (Achaeopsis)

37 | tanneri (Polycheles)

31 | taurus (Ichnopus)

31 | Thalassinidea :

31 | thomsoni (Achaeopsis), pl. xe

28 | thomsoni (Dorynchus)

40 | uncifer (Halimus)

a uncifer (Hyastenus)

39 vicina (Cirolana) .

36 | willemoesii (Gnathophausia)

30 | zoea (Gnathophausia) .

* Mr. K. H. Barnard, Ann. S.A.M., vol. xv., p. 123, identifies this species with

I. taurus (Costa).

HXPLANATION OF PLATES.

Puate I. (Crustacea, Plate XC.)

Achaeopsis thomsoni (Norman).

n.s. Dorsal view of a male specimen, natural size, showing the left cheliped

and last two ambulatory legs in position ; the right cheliped detached,

its fixed finger broken; the other limbs missing. Parts of the cara-

pace magnified, in ventral aspect, are shown in the median line, and a

lateral view on the right shows the eye, the first and second antennae,

and the rostrum with its strongly curved ventral process.

Pl. The pleon flattened out.

The remaining figures are from a female specimen.

m. 9, mx. 1, 9. The mandible and first maxilla, the latter with further

magnification.

mx. 2, 9,mxp.1, 2. The second maxilla and first maxilliped, uniform with

higher magnification of first maxilla.

mxp. 2, 9, mxp. 3, 2. Second and third maxillipeds, magnified to the same

scale as the mandible.

Crustacea Plate XC.

Plate [.

Ann. S.Afr. Mus. Vol XVII.

Adlard & West Newman bth

Del. T-R-R.Steboing.

ACHE OPSIS THOMSONTI (Norman )

- - '

i ad =

r a *

: ‘

‘

a i e

; I

i = ag a

¥ A

- =

’ 7

' '

see » ;

i , f

' : ee o*

6 7 L?

i be a , ?

‘y

iY !

- = ‘ -

rv 7

. ”

4 7 i

‘

7 a

- ri

7 °

7 it

Puats II. (Crustacea, Plate XCI.)

Calocaris alcocki, McArdle.

n.s. Specimen in lateral view, natural size; fourth peraeopod missing on that

side, as also flagellum of second antenna and one of the flagella of

the first.

car. Dorsal view of carapace much enlarged, with first antenna on the left,

second on the right, both imperfect ; eyes partially seen.

T., urp. Telson in dorsal view, and one of the uropods.

m.,mp. One of the mandibles and palp of the other.

Li., mx. 1, mx. 2, mxp. 1, mxp. 2. Lower lip, first and second maxillae, first

and second maxillipeds.

mxp. 8, prp. 5, plp. 1, plp. 2, plp. 5. ‘Third maxilliped, fifth peraeopod, first,

second, and fifth pleopods. For considerations of space these parts are

less highly magnified than the others, except in regard to the extra

figures showing the dentate margin in the third maxilliped and the

peculiar apical joints of the first and second pleopods.

Crustacea Plate XCI.

Plate Il.

Ann.S.Afr.Mus.VolL XVII.

ewman, hth

Adlard’& West

CALOCARIS ALCOCK, ME Ardle.

Del. TRRStebding.

Puatse III. (Crustacea, Plate XCII.)

Polycheles demani, n. sp.

n.s. Female specimen in dorsal view, natural size; flagella of the antennae

curtailed by want of space, the frontal and telsonic parts slightly

fore-shortened, the epimeral parts of the pleon a little expanded from

their natural aspect.

th. Thelycum.

'’. The telson. This and all the other separate parts of natural size, except

the terminal part of the fifth peraeopod.

mxp. 1, 2,3. First, second, and third maxillipeds.

prp. l. First peraeopod, the chela detached, for considerations of space.

prp. 5. Fifth peraeopod on the right, with terminal portion on the left

magnified,

plp. 2. Second pleopod.

ustaceaPlate XCIL.

Plate II.

Ann.S.Afr.Mus -Vol.XVIL.

—

Adlard & Weet,Newman Lth

POLYCHELES DEMANT, 7n.sp

Del. TRR.Stebbing.

: a Cid _ ae 7 7

i, ae : v = x = _ i ; -

a ‘ SS 7 = “ we ie

7 ’ 2 7 ae om

i ae | :

on : : ;

st a as aa oe.

: =

= a o> if i |

; ' 7 7 5 :

+ ao -

- ’ “s

2 - - - _ 7 ee i -

ris we By Ae en -_ - o 7 * 4 J

: ia > vs 7 . af ; _

‘A a aa th : 1 a a :

FS ieee ee 7

= = : _ ‘ o : ae

oa a S ~ 7. _ = 7

7 « ca aw i :

i ; : x - 7

v1] _— i a a a mae - We Ay 2

] : at Soe i] Te i 7 - 7

: Fi a "04. SUPA

_ Z _ al

: 7 ae _= y er) a

, 7 > : _ : >

(hz, - 7 : = u : 7

> id rs — 2 a ¥ oe

7 - J - 7

: a) 7 i

: 7 ad

. ” bf > 7

ee | ' 7

1 -

- ' ‘ ” ;

: : .

= ‘

7 i. 7

= a. oy & 7

: ;

7 ‘

ri : 7 7 =

SS iy

: 7 — =

- “ wi

i 7 a

7 7 a a

Ao * _— , uv

- Whee on

7 : 8

a a

: - sen 7

a : = ;

y —_ ; mos _—

‘a = ~ ia! | As ;

2 ~ ra ;

PuatE IVs. (Crustacea, Plate XCIIIB.)

Leander pacificus, Stimpson.

n.s. Specimen in lateral view represented of the natural size.

r. The rostrum and adjoining part of carapace magnified.

oc. One of the eyes.

T., urp. Telson and uropod in dorsal aspect to the same scale as the rostrum,

with additional magnification of the end of the telson.

m.m. Parts of the mandibles on the higher scale.

mx. 1, mx. 2. First and second maxillae, on the same scale as the mandibles,

with apex of first maxilla more highly enlarged.

CrustaceaPlate XCII

Plate IV.

Ann.S.Afr.Mizs VolLAXVIL.

Adlacd &West,Newman lth

LEANDER PACIFICUS ,Stimpson.

SOLENOCERA AFRICANUS,7-sp

Del. TRR.Stebbi

ay ap

Py SP on

Puate V. (Crustacea, Plate XCIV.)

Acanthephyra brachytelsonis, Bate.

ear. Rostrum and front of carapace in lateral view enlarged.

T. Telson in dorsal view, enlargement uniform with that of the carapace.

ai. Apical portion of the scale of the second antennae, without its fringing

setae, magnified to the same scale as the following figures.

m.m. ‘The mandibles from the inner or upper surface.

mx. 1, mx. 2. First and second maxillae with one of the spiculate setae of

the first more magnified.

mxp. 1, mxp. 2. |irst and second maxillipeds.

mxp. 3. Antepenultimate joint of the third maxillipeds.

Plate V.

Grustacea Plate XCIV.

Adlard &West,Newman, hth.

\,*

\ \ a

Ay |

\\!

age al

ACANTHEPHYRA BRACHYTELSONTS. Bate.

Py = . ~ . a

ee MT K

ALE

POLE” ee ay

OLA LEG

Ann.S. Afr. Mus.Vol. XVI.

Del. TRR.Stebbing.

Puate VI. (Crustacea, Plate XCV.)

Nematocarcinus parvidentatus, Bate.

car. Part of carapace in lateral view, on a lower scale of enlargement than

other parts.

T. Telson in dorsal view, with higher magnification of the spiniferous part.

ai. Apical part of the scale of the second antenna.

m. One of the mandibles.

mx. 1,mx. 2. The apical plate of the first maxilla and the corresponding part

of the second.

mxp. 1, mxp. 2, mxp. 3. The first, second, and third maxillipeds, the third on

account of its great length less highly magnified than the other mouth

organs, but the terminal spine more highly instead of less.

plp. 1, plp. 2. The first and second pleopods, the second with higher magni-

fication of the male appendage and retinaculum.

urp. One of the uropods.

Crustacea Plate XCV.

Plate VI.

Ann. 5.Afr. Mus.VolL XVI.

po OMAK META MT OMAELDESES LLL,

a a

Roy

a 2.

a ae RT

fot va we

/ Vee

ag i

on"

Seder

“Adlard & West,Neveman.lith.

NEMATOCARCINUS PARVIDENTATUS, Bate.

Del. TRR.Stebbimg :

Puare VIIa. (Crustacea, Plate XCVIa.)

Ichnopus macrobetomma, n. sp.

n.s. Line showing actual length from head to third pleon segment across the

bent specimen, as shown in the adjoining figure.

a.s., al, First and second antennae, the flagella only in part.

m.,mxp. One mandible and half the maxillipeds.

en. 1, gn. 2. The first and second gnathopods, with higher magnification of

the finger of the first, of the hand and finger of the second.

urp, T. Third uropod, with tip of exopod more highly magnified, and dorsal

view of the telson.

Puate VIIz. (Crustacea. Plate XCVIz.)

Metopa rotundus, n. sp.

n.s. Line indicating natural size, measured round from head to third pleon-

segment of the female specimen shown in lateral view.

a.s,a.i. First and second antennae.

l.s..m. Upper lip and mandible (the palp broken).

en. 1, gn. 2. First and second gnathopods, with distal parts more highly

magnified.

prps. 2, 3,5. Second, third, and fifth peraeopods (basal joint of fifth imper-

fect), sixth and seventh joints of second more highly magnified.

urps. 1, 2, 3, T. The three uropods and the telson, the latter upturned in

lateral view.

The gnathopods and peraeopods (except the extra enlargements) are on a

lower scale than the other details.

Crustacea Plate XCVI.

Plate VII.

Ann.S.AfrMus.Vol. XVI.

SS SL I) aes a eg

Corr: >h

Adlard &West,Newman lith

METOPA ROTUNDUS 7.sp.

Del. T.RR.Stedbing.

ICHNOPUS MACROBETOMMA,7usp

aah

Pr lt ‘ |

eer

Pratt VIII. (Crustacea, Plate XCVII.)

Achtheinus dentatus, Wilson.

ns. 2. Line indicating natural size of female specimen shown in dorsal view,

with ege-strings incomplete. The following parts, in the upper half

of the plate, of uniform magnification on a higher scale, were taken

from the same specimen (except d.l.).

a.i. Second antenna.

mx. 2. Second maxilla.

ped. 1, 2, 3,4. First, second, third, and fourth feet, the expanded segment of

the third and of the fourth incomplete.

a.l. Anal laminae.

d.l. Dorsal laminae, from a different specimen, detached from the carapace

to show the small lateral laminae “covering the bases of the second

legs” (Wilson), in connexion with the two following pairs of

foliaceous laminae.

ns. ¢,n.s. 9. Lines indicating natural size of male specimen shown in dorsal

view, and of the female specimen to which it was attached. The

following figures, uniform in magnification with the details of the

female, are taken from the male.

a.s.,a.i. First antenna in position, and second antenna.

m., mx. 1. Mouth-tube, with first maxillae and mandibles, the latter with

additional magnification.

mxp. Part of maxilliped.

ped. 1, ped. 3, ped. The first and third feet, and a foot which is probably the

fourth.

Crustacea Plate XCVII.

Plate VIII.

sans Afr.Mus Vol XVI.

a ae)

‘ — aa ~~

x = EOVDHDWANUPITIII//SODIEAS TAL Leay

ae CNT

ade

\ fa

RR Fae he

SEDANLATRDLSTNN IB?

ped.3

Adlacd & West,Newman lith

ACHTHEINUS DENTATUS, Wusoz7.

Del TRR.Stebbing

( 47 )

3.—New Geometridae (Lepidoptera) in the South African Museum.—

By Lovis B. Prout, F.E.S.*

Sup-Fam. HEMITHEINARH.

Gren. ALLOCHLORODHS, gen. nov.

Face smooth. Palpus very short, 2nd joint shortly rough-scaled

beneath. ‘Tongue vestigial. Antennain ¢ less than one-half forewing,

bipectinate to near apex with rather short branches (in 2 merely

serrate? ). Pectus somewhat hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia

in ¢ not dilated, with terminal spurs only. Abdomen not crested

Wings with scaling opaque, not glossy. Frenulum wanting.

Forewing with costa straight except close to base and apex, termen

smooth, oblique, gently curved, tornus not very pronounced ; cell about

one-half, DC* deeply incurved, SC! from cell, anastomosing with C,

SC? shortly stalked with SC*°, rather steep, anastomosing strongly

with SC!, R? from much before middle of DC, M! widely separate

from R*.—Hindwing with costa long, apex rounded, termen smooth,

moderately convex, straighter posteriorly, tornus moderate; cell one-

half, DC* incurved, becoming oblique, C anastomosing with SC to

scarcely one-half cell, SC? stalked, R? from well before middle of DC,

M' rather widely separate.

Type of the genus: Allochlorodes elpis, sp. nov.

May be placed between Allochrostes Prout and Xenochlorodes

Warr., having nearly the subcostal venation of the latter, the separation

of M' even wider than in the former, with which the palpus nearly

agrees. The anastomosis of C of the hindwing is much less strong

than in either, and the shape and facies more suggest the Omphax

group.

1, ALLOCHLORODES ELPIS, sp. nov.

gS. 27mm. Face, palpus and upper and inner sides of fore and

middle legs rufous. Vertex and antennal shaft white. Occiput and

thorax above green. Body and legs otherwise dirty white.

* The types are in the South African Museum.

48 Annals of the South African Museum.

Forewing green, apparently nearly as in Xenochlorodes beryllaria

Mann (a little faded); a single white line, interrupted between the

veins and apparently not reaching costal margin, at R! scarcely 2 mm.

distant from termen, more oblique than termen and very gently

curving, reaching hindmargin just over 3 mm. from tornus; dots on

veins, very slightly darker than ground-colour, accompanying this line

proximally.— Hindwing white, with faint tinge of green.—Forewing

beneath paler green, posteriorly whitish, base of costa reddish ; hind-

wing beneath as above.

Cape, Kalk Bay, April, 1904 (R. M. Lightfoot).

A very worn 2, Clanwilliam, October, 1901 (Mrs. Marchant),

seems also to belong here, rather smaller, slightly narrower, C of hind-

wing anastomosing still more shortly than in ¢.

Susp-Fam. STERRHINAE.

Gen. SCOPULA Schrank.*

2. ScoPULA FLEXIO, Sp. nov.

?. 23-25mm. Face and palpus reddish brown. Vertex white.

Collar ochreous brown. Thorax and abdomen dirty white; fore and

middle legs more mixed with brownish.

Forewing not very broad, costa somewhat shouldered at base, apex

pronounced, termen oblique, nearly straight, at tornus curved ; white,

in places (especially in median area) with coarse but rather sparse

fuscous dusting ; lines brown, irrorated with fuscous ; antemedian fine,

from before one-third costa, very acutely angulated outward in cell,

then very oblique inward to one-fourth hindmargin, sometimes

slightly sinuous; median thicker, from costa much beyond middle,

slightly out-bent subcostally, then almost straight to hindmargin

slightly beyond middle; postmedian from costa rather near apex, on

the veins dentate outward and marked with fuscous dots, between

R! and R8 incurved, behind M? more feebly incurved; a pure white

line distally to this; subterminal line quite near termen, white,

almost straight, bounded proximally and distally by a narrow brown-

grey shade; terminal interneural dots strong, slightly elongate.—

Hindwing with costal margin long, apex rounded ; SC? and R! connate;

white, with feeble indications of median and postmedian lines and

* Acidalia Tr., nom. praeoce.

New Geometridae (Lepidoptera) in the South African Museum. 49

double subterminal shade ; terminal dots weaker than on forewing.—

Both wings beneath (especially hindwing) feebly marked, forewing

slightly suffused in proximal half ; fringe of forewing more noticeably

brown-tipped than above.

Cape, Dunbrody, January, 1914 (Rev. A. Vogt), type; September,

1913, paratype in coll. L. B. Prout.

Will certainly belong to the sub-genus Pylarge H.-Sch. (¢ hindleg

with terminal spurs). Distinguished from picta Warr. (Nov. Zool.

iv, 62), and its ab. fulvilinea Warr.) (Ann. S. Afr. Mus. x, 483),

which share with it the brown face, by the flexuous postmedian line.

A good deal larger than @ picta.

3. SCOPULA TENUISCRIPTA, Sp. NOv.

3. 25mm. Face and palpus blackish. Vertex and antennal shaft

white (antennae broken). Collar ochreous. Thorax and abdomen

whitish, slightly irrorated with light brown. Legs ochreous to whitish,

the forecoxa fuscous in front; hindtibia without spurs, but not

dilated ; hindtarsus very slightly longer than tibia.

Forewing with apex pointed, termen fairly straight, oblique, very

slightly more so in posterior half than in anterior; creamy white,

slightly more ochreous at costal edge, irroration light brown, very fine

and sparse; lines brown, very fine; antemedian oblique, almost

obsolete; median beyond the cell-spot, oblique outward at first,

strongly bent about SC°—R', then oblique inward, almost obsolete ;

postmedian from nearly four-fifths costa, excurved at first, then nearly

parallel with termen, slightly sinuate inward between the radials ; discal

dot small, black; terminal line very fine, brown, marked except in

its posterior part with small black interneural dots; fringe somewhat

irrorated and very feebly spotted.—Hindwing with termen angled at

R3; without antemedian line; median almost crossing cell-dot, but

escaping it by a slight bend inwards at this point; postmedian faint

anteriorly, slightly excurved, but not angled in middle, oblique outward

from fold to abdominal margin ; terminal black dots less sharp than

in forewing.—Forewing beneath, except from hindmargin to fold, more

ochreous, proximally with very slight smoky suffusions ; first line

wanting, cell-dot minute, terminal dots obsolete, the rest as above.

Hindwing beneath slightly more ochreous-tinged than above, without

median line, postmedian nearer termen, more crenulate, especially in

middle part.

Transvaal, Barberton, June, 1912 (H. Edwards).

50 Annals of the South African Museum.

Gen. PTYCHOPODA Steph.

4, PrYCHOPODA LIPARA, Sp. NOV.

Q. 27mm. Face and upperside of palpus black. Vertex and

antenna whitish. Collar light brown. Thorax, abdomen, and legs

concolorous with wings, forefemur and foretibia partly darkened.

Abdomen robust.

Forewing rather broad, costa slightly arched, apex not acute;

glossy, pale ochreous-grey, with slight fleshy tinge (less reddish than

in eugeniata Mill., nearly as in deeply coloured examples of sylves-

traria Hb. = straminata Tr.), the dark irroration red-brown, sparse

and very fine; first line obsolete; discal mark sharp, shghtly longer

than broad; median shade slender, brownish, not strong, well distal

to the cell-mark, incurved between M! and SM?; postmedian line

indicated by a slightly sinuous row of vein-dots, as in eugeniata Mull. ;

subterminal line very faintly indicated by a slight (almost inappreci-

able) darkening of the rest of the distal area; fringe with small but

sharp proximal dots at veim-ends.—Hindwing with termen smooth,

even ; as forewing, with discal dot not elongate, median shade here

vague, apparently bending closely round it on the proximal side.

Forewing beneath similar, at hindmargin paler; hindwing more

whitish, with discal dot slightly elongate, postmedian line of dots and

those of fringe feeble.

Natal, Durban, January, 1908 (G. F. Leigh).

This may be rather near oranaria Bang-Haas (Iris, xx, 79, t. 3,

p- 16), from 8. Oran, which is only known to me from the description

and figure, but the new species is rather larger, ampler-winged

(forewing rather more rounded), less reddish in tone, more weakly

dusted.

Gen. PALAEASPILATES Warr.

5. PALAEASPILATES MANSUETA, Sp. Nov.

¢- 84mm. Differs from the only hitherto known species, inoffensa

Warr. (Nov. Zool., i, 370), as follows: Forewing with costal margin

straighter in middle, apex less pointed, termen not sinuous in

anterior half; colour paler, light yellow-grey, the irroration very fine,

postmedian row of dots developed throughout, almost parallel with

termen (at 2 to 2°5 mm.), the dark line or shade which accompanies it

in inoffensa almost entirely obsolete —Hindwing with the feeble post-

median line (slightly better developed on the underside) also nearly

New Geometridae (Lepidoptera) in the South African Museum. 51

parallel with and much nearer to the termen (2 mm. distant at apex,

3mm. in middle). The discal dots are larger than in most inoffensa

and that of the hindwing rather better developed ; but this character

varies in inoffensa.

Cape, Bushmanland, 1896 (G. Alston).

Sus-Fam. LARENTIINAE.

Gen. ORTHOLITHA Hibn.

6. ORTHOLITHA PERINGUEYI, sp. nov.

¢ 2. 382mm. Head and thorax dirty white, mottled with brown

and fuscous; palpus with little white except on the first joint.

Antennal pectinations 3-4 times as long as diameter of shaft. Abdo-

men grey-brown, more variegated beneath than above.

Wings glossy.—Forewing white, the ground-colour almost entirely

obscured by irroration and mottlings of fuscous and light brown,

chiefly remaining as fine edgings to the basal and median areas, inter-

rupted traces of other transverse lines and some spots and vein-streaks

in median area ; middle of costa sometimes noticeably pale; a narrow

brown band about 2 mm. from base, strongly excurved ; the white

lines which bound the median area double, their remoter elements

more interrupted ; median area with a narrow brown band at each

side, the proximal from about one-third costa to beyond one-third hind-

margin, forming an outward angle in the middle and here marked

with blackish on the bifurcation of M and M®, the distal from beyond

two-thirds costa to about two-thirds hindmargin, forming a small

outward curve near costa and a rather strong lobe at R®, then retracted

to M®, thence perpendicular or slightly oblique outward to hind-

margin; subterminal line formed of white interneural dots ; a very

short oblique dark mark from apex; termen with pairs of elongate

black dots, sometimes more or less connected by a fine interrupted

line; fringe chequered.—Hindwing light brown-grey, with a pale

double postmedian line, which is angled outward behind R3, incurved

posteriorly and directed towards tornus at hindmargin; traces of

interrupted whitish subterminal line, clearer and whiter at tornus ;

fringe weakly chequered.—Forewing beneath brown-grey, with small

dark discal dot and pale double postmedian line; between this and the

subterminal rather browner; subterminal and terminal lines and

fringe nearly as above. Hindwing beneath sharply marked ; whitish

with fuscous irroration, small dark discal dot, darkened veins distally

52 Annals of the South African Museum.

hereto, forming conspicuous dark dots on a fine line which precedes

the white double postmedian band ; distal area corresponding to that

of forewing, but with the band proximally to the subterminal dots

stronger.

Cape, Hout Bay, near Cape Town, May, 1901 (W. L. Sclater).

Type in coll. 8S. Afr. Museum, others from the same source in coll.

Brit. Mus. et coll. L. B. Prout.

The mottled appearance, dotted subterminal line and well-marked

hindwing distinguish this species at a glance.

7. ORTHOLITHA PUNCTISCRIPTA, Sp. NOV.

¢. 380mm. Face somewhat rough-scaled, but without projecting

cone; ochreous, narrowly marked with fuscous above and rather more

-broadly below. Palpus little longer than diameter of eye, first and

second joints rough-sealed, third minute, concealed ; fuscous. An-

tenna pubescent,' beneath strongly lamellate, with close teeth at least

as long as diameter of shaft. Vertex, thorax, and abdomen concolorous

with wings. Foreleg darkened on upper- and innerside (middle and

hindlegs lost).

Forewing not very broad, termen smooth, slightly curved, strongly

oblique; whitish grey, in places slightly shaded with ochreous, and

with minute and sparse (proximally, especially along the costa, rather

denser) fuscous irroration ; sub-basal line fuscous, bent in cell, then

oblique inward ; antemedian and postmedian very fine and slight, but

accentuated by strong dots on the veins ; antemedian from nearly one-

third costa to beyond one-third hindmargin, very slightly excurved ;

postmedian from about two-thirds costa, vertical at first, slightly

incurved between the radials, oblique inward from M? to M?, then

slightly sinuous to hindmargin; 3 or 4 still fainter wavy lines in

median area, strongest at costa, and some faint dark shading near

termen, especially in anterior half; lines between sub-basal and ante-

median and between postmedian and distal dark shading represented

by pairs of conspicuous vein-dots; discal dot minute; terminal line

inclining to form pairs of dark dots or dashes at each vein.— Hindwing

rather narrow, apex round-prominent, termen smooth, slightly

sinuous, the convexity coming about the middle; slightly paler than

forewing, the markings analogous but rather weaker, the dots of the

postmedian line and of the first of the pair beyond it the most con-

spicuous, leaving rather noticeable the narrow pale intervening band.

—Underside similarly but more weakly and confusedly marked.

Type, without locality label, in coll. 8, Afr. Mus.

New Geometridae (Lepidoptera) in the South African Museum. 58

The coloration and dotted markings recall some Palaearctie Laren-

tids, notably Calostigia multistrigaria Haw. or sharply-marked Euphyia

intersecta Steger.

Gen. LARENTIA Tr.

8. LARENTIA DIPLOCAMPA, sp. nov.

Q. 31mm. Face without projecting cone; fuscous with some pale

admixture. Palpus shortish; as face, the first joint entirely pale

beneath. Vertex, thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings.

Forewing with termen only very faintly waved; DC _ biangulate,

though not as strongly as in hindwing, R! stalked, R? from slightly

behind middle of DC; wood-brown, shaded with cinnamon and with

irregular, coarse, fuscous irroration; costal edge somewhat dotted with

fuscous; lines dark fuscous, rather fine, not well defined ; antemedian

at somewhat beyond one-third, apparently angled outward at. cell-

fold, then sharply oblique inward, vertical and somewhat thickened

across M, again oblique inward for a short distance behind, then nearly

vertical (a little smuous) to hind margin; somewhat thickened on

crossing SM?; sinuous lines and irroration proximally to this line

prevent its being well differentiated ; a fairly distinct line in median

area, about 1-5 mm. from the antemedian, approximately parallel with

it in anterior part, curved outward at submedian fold; succeeded

distally by a narrow pale median space; postmedian line at rather

beyond two-thirds, markedly lunulate-dentate, bilobed between R? and

M?, slightly inbent at R?, inbent at M?; 2 or 3 feebler lines in median

area proximally to this, nearly parallel with it but less bilobed ; pale

band beyond postmedian not conspicuous; proximal boundary-line of

terminal area almost parallel with postmedian : some weaker crenulate

lines between this and termen; a short oblique mark at termen close

to apex ; terminal dark line somewhat interrupted at veins and folds

(fringe wanting).— Hindwing prominent at end of SC?; termen waved ;

paler than forewing: a dark discal dot, rather weak postmedian line

(excurved about R?-M?, slightly incurved posteriorly) and still weaker

traces of one or two other lines.—Forewing beneath greyish, proximal

part unmarked, postmedian lines present, feeble posteriorly ; a slight

brownish subterminal band in anterior half, pale-edged distally,

especially between SC* and R'. Hindwing beneath more strongly

marked than above.

Cape, Cape Town, April, 1913 (P. C. Keytel).

Size, shape and colouring (though this is rather less bright) recall

Ortholitha ferridotata Walk., but the discocellulars are different, the

lines differently formed, white lines wanting, underside less brown,

54 Annals of the South African Museum.

Gren. EUPITHECIA Curt.

9. HUPITHECIA REDIVIVA, Sp. Nov.

6. 17-18 mm. Palpus 13 times diameter of eye, rather heavily

scaled, third joint small, deflexed. Antennal ciliation minute (one-

fourth diameter of shaft). Head and body concolorous with wings ;

crown of head paler ; abdomen with dorsal ridge and crests pale.

Forewing pale cinereous, faintly tinged with liver-colour; about

nine very fine transverse wavy or denticulate lines, parallel with termen,

mostly indistinct and more or less interrupted; the four proximal

usually very indistinct, in part obsolescent, the four distal slightly

better expressed ; median area somewhat clearer, its single line weak,

less denticulate than the others, passing distally to a distinct black

discal spot; costal area slightly dark-shaded ; terminal line very faint.

—Hindwing rather paler, with one or two very weak denticulate lines

parallel to, and near, termen and the beginnings of three or more

equally weak (or weaker) ones on abdominal margin ; discal dot small

and inconspicuous.—Underside of forewing more grey-suffused in

costal half; of hindwing more dark-speckled, especially basally and

costally ; of both wings with distinct discal dot and two rather

thick and diffuse, but weak lines between this and termen, parallel

with the latter.

Transvaal, Pilgrim’s Rest (Miss L. Schunke). Others from Haenerts-

burg, December 5th—9th, 1909 (C. J. Swierstra), in coll. L. B. Prout

et coll. Transvaal Mus. and Watervalonder, November, 1910, in coll.

A. J. T. Janse et coll. L. B. Prout. Mentioned and figured in Ann. Trsv.

Mus. iii, 208, t. 12, f. 38, as provisionally a form of atomaria Warr. ;

rather narrower, more brownish grey, more weakly marked, terminal

line more slender, more interrupted, the other lines finer, less broken,

that succeeding the outer “ rivulet” band of both wings not (as in

atomaria) appreciably recurved towards tornus, discal dot of hindwing

more distinct, palpus with third joint rather less elongate, more

deflexed.

10, EUPITHECIA SUBCONCLUSARIA, Sp. Nov.

6 9. 20-22 mm. Similar to the smaller specimens of inconclusaria

Walk. (List. Lep. Ins. xxiv, 1242), but with the following differences :

Antenna of ¢ more thickened, with the ciliation much less than one-

half the diameter of the shaft (in inconclusaria almost as long as

diameter of shaft). Second abdominal tergite more strongly darkened.

Body and wings in general paler, the hindwing almost white. Wings

rather less extremely elongate, apex of forewing rounded.

New Geometridae (Lepidoptera) in the South African Museum. 55

Forewing with median area narrower, the angulated postmedian

line closely succeeding the discal dot, which is sometimes extended

along the curved cross-vein and forms with the thickened bend of

the postmedian a rude ocellus; dark markings of distal area weakened,

especially the subapical costal patch—Hindwing with a conspicuous

discal dot.—Both wings beneath without dark subterminal band.

Cape, Kalk Bay, February, 1904, and April, 1891 (R. M. Lightfoot).

Both sexes in coll. S. Afr. Mus. et coll. L. B. Prout, the type dated

February, 1904, and all the other examples worn.

1]. KupirHecia LictITa, sp. nov.

SQ. 19-22 mm. Also rather similar to inconclusaria or to the

preceding, but rather broader-winged and somewhat more glossy.

¢ antenna nearly as in the preceding, the ciliation even more vestigial.

Abdominal crests very minute.

Forewing with apex rounded as in subconeclusaria, termen less

extremely oblique; variable in tone (greyer, browner or tinged with

sand-colour) ; markings also rather variable, never very strong; the

lines of proximal area usually starting from noticeable costal

strigulae and marked by dots on the veins ; median area sometimes as

narrow as in subconclusaria, but then with the black cell-dot placed

nearer to its proximal border ; its borders generally rather less oblique,

the antemedian rather better defined, more regularly curved, rather

thick, often slightly strengthened on the veins ; postmedian less acutely

bent, the dark markings on the radials generally less conspicuous,

sometimes almost obsolete ; cell-dot often set in a whitish ring.—Hind-

wing longer than in subconclusaria, broader than in inconclusaria, thus

not presenting quite the normal Hupithecia aspect; as white as in

subconclusaria ; cell-dot wanting above, present beneath.

Cape, Clanwilliam, November, 1899 (R. M. Lightfoot), 5, including

the type; Montague, November, 1902 (W. F. Purcell), 2 2? 9.

12. EHUPITHECIA SUBCANIPARS, Sp. NOV.

d. 22mm. Face scarcely tufted. Palpus moderately stout, over

14 times as long as diameter of eye. Head and thorax concolorous

with forewing, the palpus more fuscous ; abdomen more rufous than

hindwing.

Forewing with costa very slightly arched, from before middle to

near apex straighter, apex round-pointed, termen slightly curved,

strongly oblique; pale grey, closely irrorated with rufous, leaving an

ill-defined grey area along cell and beyond it to postmedian line-and

56 Annals of the South African Museum.

behind it proximally (obliquely bounded about from one-third hind-

margin to origin of M’); on the grey area are placed some fuscescent

dots which tend to form (or suggest) oblique lines ; cell-dot sharp,

little elongate ; postmedian line vague, accentuated on the veins from

R? to M?, oblique outward from beyond three-fifths costa, angled at

R', then about parallel with termen; the usual bisected pale band

distally to the postmedian weak, especially at costal end ; subterminal

line hoary, not very sharp, strongly dentate anteriorly, then nearly

straight to submedian fold (with minute teeth outwards on the folds),

finally oblique to tornus; terminal line feeble, interrupted at the

veins; fringe with a fine pale line at base and again slightly pale

beyond middle.—Hindwing with costa rather straight, apex round,

prominent, termen very slightly waved, not very strongly convex ;

pale grey, tinged with rufous; cell-dot small but sharp; distally

hereto very faint alternations of paler and darker shadings suggest

thick lines or slender bands ; the abdominal margin darkened ; terminal

line and fringe as on forewing.—Forewing beneath less variegated, the

costal margin rather more noticeably spotted. Hindwing beneath

rather better marked than above, curved dark postmedian and sub-

terminal lines being rather more clearly expressed.

Transvaal, Pilgrim’s Rest (Miss L. Schunke).

The colours of the forewing are nearly as in variegated forms of

pimpinellata Hb., but their distribution very different, more suggesting

the arrangement of sophia Butl. or sinicaria Leech; celatisigna Warr.

(perculsaria Swinh.) has much in common with the new species, but

is smaller, darker, less hoary proximally, the discal dots less

developed.

13. EUPITHECIA SUBTERLIMBATA, 8p. NOV.

do 2. 21-24mm. Head and upperside of body green, dotted and

spotted with brown or fuscous; underside and anal extremity pale

ochreous grey, abdomen in dark specimens a good deal irrorated with

fuscous. Palpus nearly twice as long as diameter of eye; pale greyish

ochreous, much mixed with fuscous. Antenna in 6 with slender

sessile fascicles of cilia, fully as long as diameter of shaft. Abdominal

crest developed, pale grey, mixed with fusceus. Foreleg above and on

innerside strongly darkened, except at ends of joints.

Forewing moderately broad; pale dull green, variably (but always

more or less strongly) irrorated with fuscous or reddish-brown, or even

light, bright ferruginous; markings fuscous; basal patch slight or

obsolete; subbasal band little bent, lines between this and median

area vague; median area rather broad, variable, always more or less

New Geometridae (Lepidoptera) in the South African Museum. 57

markedly red-brown or fuscous, often with darker clouding in middle

of posterior half; antemedian line sinuous, at posterior end oblique

outward, sometimes strongly darkened and thickened from cell-fold to

hindmargin ; cell-dot small’; postmedian line sinuous, rather oblique

outward to R3, here lobed, posteriorly incurved; the narrow green

band beyond vaguely bisected except between radials, where. its

proximal half is almost white: distal area with ill-defined dark lines

and spots, and traces of an interrupted lunulate pale subterminal,

proximal to which a pair of dots between the radials (oftenest

confluent) and a spot between M? and SM? are more or less noticeable ;

termen with pairs of not very conspicous dark dots; fringe pale

greyish-ochreous, dark chequered.—Hindwing pale ochreous grey,

suffused, except on the narrow postmedian band, with darker grey, a

border of about 2 mm. width darkest ; cell-dot small; terminal dots

and chequering of fringe weak.—Both wings beneath pale ochreous

grey, weakly marked except at distal margin, which bears a conspicuous

dark border of about 2 mm. width, that of forewing constricted in the

middle and sometimes almost interrupted, at least with a pale terminal

spot behind R’; cell-dots often fairly sharp.

Natal, Durban, Umbilo and Victoria District, in coll. S. Afr.

Mus., coll. L. B. Prout, coll. A. J. J. Janse, ete. ; type ¢, Durban, in

coll. S. Afr. Mus.

This species has long been known to me, but although some speci-

mens are marked ‘“bred,’’ none are in perfect condition. It is,

however, so easily recognised that, now that I have a series before me,

I do not hesitate to publish it. It resembles some forms of the

variable Coenotephria prasinaria Warr. (Nov. Zool. viii, 13; x, 273),

except in the structure. Probably near the species which I determine

as cidariata Guen. (Spéc. Gén. Lép. x, 357, t. xi, f. 9), but distinguished

by the dark borders beneath and by the antenna, which in that species

bears pairs of short, fasiculate pectinations.

Gen. CHLOROCLYSTIS Hb.

14. CHLoRocLystIs (GNAMPTOMIA) MUSCOSA TUMEFACTA, Subsp. nov.

S$ 9. 17-20mm. Smaller than muscosa muscosa Warr. (Nov. Zool.,

ix, 508), from British East Africa, forewing with the costal swelling

and hair-tuft proximally to the “nibbled out” portion {stronger ;

coloration duller; antemedian line not so crooked; hindwing{more

sharply marked, much like that of marmorata Warr. (Nov. Zool.,

vi, 38),

58 Annals of the South African Museum.

Natal, Victoria district (W. D. Gooch), type in coll. 8. Afr.

Mus. Also from Durban in various collections.

Gen. CONCHYLIA Guen.

15, CoNCHYLIA LAMELLATA, sp. nov.

g- 30mm. Head and body white, somewhat mixed with brown.

‘Palpus more brown, quite short, not extending as far as frons.

Antenna thick, merely lamellate, with minute ciliation.

Forewing very glossy white, with slender brown markings ; costal

streak thread-like at base, gradually widening from before middle of

wing, in distal part. bounded by front of areole and SC*; a slender

longitudinal stripe from base, bounded anteriorly by cell-fold, becom-

ing still slenderer distally, where it joins the outer stripe in front of

R*; outer stripe thread-like at apex, then broadening slightly, straight

and oblique to M? at 2 mm. from termen, here obtusely bent, thence

very faintly sinuous, very gradually approaching hindmargin, finally

running along behind SM? and not quite reaching base; a brown

terminal line; fringe proximally brown, distally white.—Hindwing

white.—Forewing beneath smoky, the markings obsolescent. Hind-

wing beneath as above, the costal edge slightly smoky.

Cape, Port Elizabeth, 1900 (O. West).

Very similar to nitidula as figured in Cramer (Pap. Exot. iv, 240,

t. 399 N),* but distinguished by the ¢ antenna, ete. Should be

referred to the sub-genus Callythria Weym. (type alternata Warr.,

Nov. Zool. viii, 209; argenteofasciata Weym., Deutsch. Ent. Zeit.

1908, p. 512), but probably Conchylia will have to sink to Lithostege

Hb., in which case the non-pectinate section will stand as name-typical,

with Callythria as synonym, the pectinate as sub-genus Conchylia

Guen. The glossy scaling and distinctive pattern are scarcely generic,

especially as Conchylia irene Prout (Nov. Zool. xxii, 336) and Lithostege

decorata Warr. (Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. x, 23) and sesquifascia Prout (Ann.

Trsv. Mus. 11, 262) in some respects furnish intergrades.

16. CoNCHYLIA ACTENA, sp. Nov.

~o.°29 mm. Faceand palpus light brown. Crown white. Antenna

apparently nearly as in the preceding (somewhat damaged with

* T have seen no example agreeing with this figure in having the outer stripe

obsolete at apex, but provisionally (following Warren in Tring Mus.) refer to

nitidula an otherwise similar species, with shortly pectinate g antenna, which

oveurs in Cape Colény and Natal; in any case the figure clearly shows the

pectinate antennae,

New Geometridae (Lepidoptera) in the South African Museum. 59

mould, in any case not pectinate). Thorax light brown, mixed with

white. Legs (especially the foreleg) partly infuscated. Abdomen

light brown-grey.

Forewing white, glossy, but not so intensely as in the nitidula

group; no markings except two slender (scarcely over -5 mm.) brown

bars, both shghtly roughened at their edges, or at least tending to be

feebly dentate outward on the veins ; first from SM? at 35 mm. from

base, very oblique to cell-fold near end of cell, then slender along the

fold to the cross-vein, where it forms a small, irregular spot ; second

from SM? at tornus, very slightly curved in the opposite direction to

termen, ending in a point at SC* close to apex ; fringe concolorous.—

Hindwing light brown-grey, unmarked; fringe white.—Forewing

beneath smoky, the lines traceable; fringe white. Hindwing beneath

as above, or very slightly paler.

Cape, Fraserburg, April 1885 (E. G. Alston).

Superficially very near irene Prout, which has the antenna pectinate

with branches about two-and-a-half times diameter of shaft.

Susp-Fam. GEOMETRINAE.

Gen. MICROLIGIA Warr.

17. MicRoLigIA INTERVENATA, Sp. NOV.

6. 380 mm. Structure about as in dolosa Warr. (Nov. Zool. iv,

124), face perhaps less strongly tufted (but somewhat abraded), wings

shghtly longer and narrower. Face brown, white below. Palpus

mixed brown and white, the white predominating below. Vertex

white. Thorax and abdomen white, mixed with brown.

Forewing glossy white, with light brown markings, consisting of

more or less broad, chiefly interneural, longitudinal streaks; first

streak subcostal, almost reaching the costal margin from the end of C

to SC, where it terminates ; second streak commencing beyond middle

of cell, becoming trifid distally, the first branch running between R?

and R%, the second between R! and R?, the third obliquely forward to

termen near apex; two shorter streaks between R? and M?’, reaching

termen ; a long one behind M and M? from base to termen, tapering

posteriorly, another branching from this at base and running behind

the fold and another close to hindmargin (behind SM?*).—Hindwing

pure white.— Forewing beneath pale brownish, the white parts of upper

side weakly indicated. Hindwing beneath white.

Orange Free State, Smithfield, 1910 (Kannemeyer). - .

60 Annals of the South African Museum.

A pretty species, superficially recalling Psewdomaenas alcidata Feld.

The genus Microligia seems only to differ from Argyrophora Guen.

(type trofonia Cram.) in that R* and M! of the hindwing are not

stalked, and is perhaps scarcely tenable.

Gren. PSEUDOMAENAS, nom. nov.

Agrammodes Warr., Ann. S. Afr. Mus. x, 27 (1911), nec Uhler

(1895).

18. PsEUDOMAENAS ONCODOGRAMMA, Sp. Nov.

2. 385mm. Head and body concolorous with wings ; palpus more

brown. Antenna minutely ciliated.

Forewing shaped and coloured about as in anguinata Feld. (Reise

Novara, Lep. Het. t. 129, f. 1), light violet-grey, costally slightly

more brownish ; sparse black sprinkling ; markings black, narrowly and

inconspicuously edged with light brown; a large triangle arising at

hindmargin close to base, its anterior side over 4 mm. long, the apex

entering the cell, its posterior side 5 mm., just crossing SM”, its distal

side 8 mm.; a large, somewhat comma-shaped mark in the cell, its

broad, distal end crossing the discocellulars ; a postmedian band not

reaching costa, its proximal edge shaped nearly as in anguinata but

more oblique posteriorly, its distal edge strongly sinuous, angled

inwards on M?, so that the band gradually widens in the middle and

is constricted at the angle; a very fine whitish line distally to this

band, as in anguinata; an oblique dash close to apex; terminal line

not or scarcely interrupted.—Hindwing almost unmarked, a very faint

sinuous postmedian line discernible in some lights.—Underside almost

unmarked.

Transvaal, Pilgrim’s Rest (Miss L. Schunke).

An interesting link between anguinata Feld. and intricata Walk.

(List Lep. Ins. xii, 814 = maculipennis Wligren., Svensk. Akad.

Handl. v (4) 72 = callistege Feld. t. 132, p. 29), though nearer to the

former.

Grex. HEBDOMOPHRUDA Warr.

19. HEBDOMOPHRUDA CRENILINEA, Sp. NOV.

Q. 34mm. Closely similar to apicata Warr. (Nov. Zool. iv, 101),

from Natal and Cape Colony, of which species it may even conceivably

be a local modification. Middle segments of abdomen strongly infus-

cated dorsally.

New Geometridae (Lepidoptera) in the South African Museum. 61

Forewing slightly less pale, only differing essentially in that. the

oblique black line and its accompanying shades are markedly waved

or crenulate throughout instead of straight; in addition, some

extremely fine black lines, faintly discernible in apicata, are more

noticeable, one curving backward and inward from the cell-dot, another

running out from this toa very acute angle on R!, touching the anterior

brown shade, then running obliquely inward and sinuous, parallel

with the stronger black line and again touching the anterior brown

shade on M!and on M?; the curved white line distally and posteriorly

to the oblique line and shades (often fairly conspicuous in apicata,

though not noticed in Warren’s description) is purer and rather

broader, hence very conspicuous.—Hindwing also less pale and with

the faint lines sinuous.

Orange Free State, Smithfield (Kannemeyer), type in coll. 8. Afr.

Mus.; Maseru, Basutoland, April 11th, 1902 (R. Crawshay), a larger

(37 mm.), duller 2 in coll. Brit. Mus.; a worn ¢ without locality,

nearer to the latter in size and apparently in coloration, in coll. L. B.

Prout.

The 2 antenna is shortly bipectinate.

20. HEBDOMOPHRUDA ERRANS, Sp. Nov.

6. 24-29 mm. Also near to apicata and especially (in the crenulate

postmedian line) to crenilinea. Antenna of ¢ with the pectinations

somewhat shorter (scarcely over twice diameter of shaft, against

thrice in apicata) and stouter. Abdominal dark shading more

posteriorly placed.

Forewing with termen more waved, cell slightly longer still, M!

arising close to R8 (in crenilinea rather widely separate) ; antemedian

line expressed, in places thickened (especially at costa), oblique out-

ward from one-fourth costa or rather beyond, biangulate in cell and on

M (W-shaped), then very oblique inward to one-fifth hindmargin ;

cell-mark vague, elongate; postmedian line rather more proximally

placed, crossing M! near the cell (in crenilinea midway between cell

and termen), throwing out small dashes proximally on the veins; the

dark shades proximally to this line fairly strong, at least in posterior

part of wing, but ill-defined, no dark line or shade distally ; an oblique

dark cloud on hindmargin midway between postmedian iine and

tornus or rather nearer the latter—Hindwing with termen rather

strongly and irregularly crenulate, a rather conspicuous tooth at end

of R?; postmedian line sharply defined from abdominal margin about

to R3, scarcely crenulate, obsolete anteriorly ; at abdominal margin

62 Annals of the South African Museum.

the beginning of another line proximally hereto.—Forewing beneath

with costal margin rather more strongly spotted.

Cape, Fraserburg, April, 1885 (E. G. Alston), type in coll. 8S. Afr.

Mus; Bushmanland, 1897 (Schlechter), paratype (rather pale and

more yellowish-brown, crippled in one hindwing) in coll. L. B. Prout.

Gren. DREPANOGYNIS Guen.

21. DREPANOGYNIS PERO, Sp. NOV.

9. 33 mm. Head and palpus red-brown, mixed with black; 3rd

joint of palpus distinct. Antennae lost, the few joints which remain

not pectinated. Thorax pale fleshy ochreous, above strongly mixed

with red-brown ; abdomen pale, strongly dotted with black.

Forewing not very broad, termen rather irregularly and weakly sub-

crenulate, very slightly excised between apex and R!; SC? anastomosing

at a point with SC**; very pale fleshy ochreous (whitest im cell and

just beyond postmedian line), irrorated with red-brown and sparsely

with black ; veins more ochreous ; lines black, throwing out short vein-

dashes into the median area; first from two-sevenths costa to little

beyond one-fourth hindmargin, very deeply excurved ; postmedian

parallel with termen, at 3°5 mm. distance, minutely lunulate-dentate ;

median area for the most part more shaded with red-brown, leaving a

conspicuous pale patch bounded anteriorly by M-—R®, posteriorly by

M? and distally by the postmedian line; subterminal line fine, some-

what interrupted, whitish, deeply lunulate-dentate, accompanied proxi-

mally by dark spots or wedges between the veins ; termen with black

vein-dots ; fringe with dark intersecting line (damaged).— Hindwing

rather paler ; a dark postmedian line present, strongest at abdominal

margin, bent at R! but fading out anteriorly; weak dark subterminal

shading.—Both wings beneath pale fleshy-ochreous, with scattered

dark irroration, minute discal dot and fine postmedian line, that of the

hindwing reaching costa ; forewing in addition with very slight suffu-

sions in median area.

Cape, Clanwilliam, November, 1899 (Lightfoot).

The absence of the ¢ leaves the affinities somewhat doubtful. The

coloration recalls the South American genus Pero—notably variaria

Walk.

22. DREPANOGYNIS LEPTODOMA, Sp. Nov.

dg. 32mm. Head, palpus, breast and upperside of foreleg reddish.

Collar brown. Thorax above pale grey, strongly irrorated with red-

brown; abdomen pale.

New Geometridae (Lepidoptera) in the South African Museum. 63

Forewing shaped nearly as in admiranda Warr. (Nov. Zool. xii,

406), the distal margin posteriorly slightly more oblique; colouring as

in admiranda, rather more glossy, with more distinct (though fine and

sparse) greyish transverse strigulae, the ochreous costal edge narrower

and less bright, the fringe not ferruginous in proximal half; first line

from little beyond one-fourth costa, gently curved (not angled) between

costa and SM?, even slightly oblique outward from SM? to hindmargin ;

cell-spot as in admiranda ; postmedian line from costa 2 mm. before

apex, parallel with termen at first, then very gently incurved, reaching

hindmargin at scarcely more than 2 mm. from tornus; distal area

shghtly more whitish; terminal line fine-—Hindwing with apex and

termen slightly more rounded than in admiranda ; more whitish than

forewing, without dark irroration or strigulation; a small cell-dot ;

the beginning of a fine postmedian line 1-5 or 2 mm. from tornus,

curving away from termen but soon becoming very faint or obsolete ;

a fine terminal line.—F'orewing beneath more reddish, especially

anteriorly, the costal margin ochreous, with dark reddish strigula-

tion ; antemedian line obsolete, cell-dot and postmedian feeble. Haind-

wing beneath irrorated with ochreous and in places with reddish ;

cell-dot feeble; a scarcely discernible, slightly sinuate postmedian

line, nearer to cell-dot than to termen.

Transvaal, Pilgrim’s Rest (Miss L. Schunke).

Probably nearest to devia Prout (Ann. Trsv. Mus. x, 210), but paler,

more slenderly built, more glossy. Antennal pectinations moderate,

about as in the allies.

Gen. ASPILATOPSIS Warr.

23. ASPILATOPSIS ORTHOBATES, Sp. Nov.

?. 36 mm. Structure (unless of the antennae, which are lost) as in

antennaria Guen. Both wings (especially the hindwing) somewhat

narrower. Head and body pale grey-brownish with a slight tinge of

buff ; abdomen darker beneath.

Forewing whitish grey, with dark olive-grey, largely confluent

strigulation and very sparse fuscous irroration ; inner marginal area

from base to postmedian line suffused with light brown; the two dark

lines distinct, edged with whitish on their reverse sides ; antemedian

from nearly one-third costa, strongly oblique outward, acutely angled

in middle of cell, then oblique inward and straight to well before one-

third hindmargin ; postmedian straight, oblique, from costa close to

apex to well before two-thirds hindmargin ; a small black discal dot.—

Hindwing slightly paler, darkening a little at distal margin, especially

64 Annals of the South African Museum.

in apical region ; no appreciable markings.—Forewing beneath some-

what more smoky than above, cell-dot and postmedian line present but

not very sharp, the latter placed as above from hindmargin to R*, then

running parallel with termen to costa 3°5 mm. from apex (further

from apex than in antennaria).—Hindwing beneath more strongly

irrorated than above (except at abdominal margin), with a cell-dot

and a curved postmedian line, approximately parallel with termen,

nearer to cell-spot than to termen, evanescent at abdominal margin.

Transvaal, Pilgrim’s Rest (Miss L. Schunke).

On account of the shape, the straight lines, etc., I do not think this

can be a form of the variable antennaria Guen.; an extremely worn

6 with the same data had, however, apparently the fulvous tone of the

latter, so that colour cannot be added to the points of differentiation.

Gen. SICYODES Warr.

24. SICYODES PULVEREA, Sp. nov.

2. 30mm. Head and body concolorous with wings; palpus, crown

and front of thorax more heavily irrorated. Antenna merely serrate,

not pectinate.

Forewing with apex blunter than in typical Sicyodes, termen less

oblique, not noticeably subcrenulate nor gibbous ; stalk of SC’? con-

nected with C, SC® anastomosing with SC**; vinaceous buff, with base

of costa darkened and with scattered blackish dusting ; no appreciable

markings except an exceedingly faint discal dot and a postmedian line

from about two-thirds costa faintly indicated in some lights, slightly

angled outward near costa, then about parallel with termen ; distally

hereto a very narrow pale interval (merely indicated by the absence of

irroration), beyond which the terminal area appears, in some lights, a

little darker than the rest of the wing; termen with dark interneural

dots not very sharp, becoming still feebler posteriorly ; fringe con-

colorous.—Hindwing similar, with the postmedian markings apparently

rather further from termen, but scarcely discernible-—Underside

similarly coloured, virtually without markings.

Cape, Kalk Bay, February, 1904 (R. M. Lightfoot).

A rather anomalous and very inconspicuous species, the shape and

aspect more suggesting a Petelia than a Sicyodes, the venation not

quite typical.

25. SIcYODES SUBOCHREA, Sp. Nov.

?. 28mm. Structure in most respects as in the preceding, antennal

serration rudimentary, C of forewing free, SC’-R' of hindwing stalked.

New Geometridae (Lepidoptera) in the South African Museum. 65

Head and thorax concolorous with forewing, slightly more mixed with

ochreous on collar and front of thorax ; abdomen more strongly mixed

with ochreous.

Forewing fawn colour, with vague olive-grey irroration ; lines very

indistinct, merely suggested by confluence of the irroration; ante-

median at one-third, slightly angled outward on M (at origin of M2),

accompanied proximally at SC and M by very inconspicuous pale

spots ; a median shade discernible on middle of hindmargin ; cell-mark

darker, extending the full length of DC?’ and about half as broad as

long ; postmedian line slightly nearer to termen than to cell-spot,

rather more excurved in middle than termen, accompanied distally by

slight indications of a row of pale spots, the most conspicuous at

costa.—Hindwing much more ochreous, with the beginning of a rather

thick darker line at abdominal margin 2 mm. from tornus. Both

wings beneath glossy ochreous, the hindwing unmarked, the forewing

more tinged with flesh-colour and with the costal edge minutely dark-

strigulated and the cell-mark of upperside feebly reproduced.

Orange Free State, Smithfield (Kannemeyer).

A damaged 2 (palpi broken, antennae lost, one forewing much

torn) from Annshaw (Miss F. Barrett), in coll. Brit. Mus.,

apparently belongs to the same species, and shows that it is somewhat

variable, not always so markingless. In this the forewing is more

irrorated with light brown, especially from the middle to the post-

median line, forming here a kind of vague band; the costal margin

shows dark dots indicating the position of the lines; the postmedian

line is rather better expressed, somewhat angled inward close to costa

and outward about R’, and is followed distally by some ill-defined

spots between R? and M?, which also show on underside ; the hindwing

shows traces, from abdominal margin to R!, of curved postmedian line

or shade.

Gen. AXIODES Warr.

26. AXIODES DOCHMOLEUCA, sp. Nov.

3 9. 25-30mm. Head and body concolorous with wings. Antennal

pectinations in ¢ moderate, just over 3 times the diameter of the

stout shaft; in 2 scarcely (the inner series not) longer than diameter

of shaft.

Forewing with costal concavity well marked, apex not extremely

sharp, termen only quite moderately crenulate; SC* in ? present,

though sometimes only separating from SC* quite close to apex ; very

light violet-grey, slightly suffused with light brown and with a few

66 Annals of the South African Museum.

scattered blackish scales; veins ochreous brown; a blackish streak

from base along fold (not reaching antemedian line), throwing out a

slighter streak along SM?; antemedian line blackish, from one-fourth

or two-sevenths costa, very oblique outward to M at origin of M? (but

indented or accompanied by a proximal dash behind SC), from M very

oblique inward and slightly sinuous to before SM, very oblique

inward to hindmargin; postmedian very slightly crenulate, from R!

about 2°56 mm. from termen, slightly incurved about M2? to fold,

bluntly or moderately toothed outward between fold and SM?; a fine

whitish line accompanying the postmedian distally ; a broad (over

1 mm.) oblique white or whitish streak from apex to end of cell,

underlined (at least in its distal part) with blackish ; subterminal

line pale, very ill-defined distally, where the ground-colour is paler

than proximally ; an irregular blackish patch between it and the

posterior sinus of postmedian line; termen with blackish lunules ;

fringe dark-mottled— Hindwing with termen weakly crenulate, rather

more strongly about SC? and R!; grey-brown, slightly darker

distally than proximally ; a vague pale postmedian line, curving a

little towards tornus posteriorly.— Both wings beneath pale grey-brown

or brown-grey, with traces of paler postmedian line; forewing with

costal edge somewhat dotted with fuscous ; hindwing with a distinct

discal dot.

Cape, Kenilworth, May, 1901 (W. L. Sclater).

I have described as typical the form which prevails at Cape Town,

and which I have also seen from Basutoland, Johannesburg, ete. ; but

the species seems to be very variable in the expression of the markings,

the dark mottlings, etc. When, as in the name-type, the white apical

streak entirely obliterates the postmedian line it is very sharply

characterised, but often (Annshaw and sometimes Deelfontein) this

streak is less sharply white and the line continues across it. Always,

however, it is very easily distinguishable from the allied inangulata

Warr. (Nov. Zool. xii, 408) by the very much less angulated post-

median line.

Gen. APHILOPOTA Warr.

27. APHILOPOTA PHANEROSTIGMA, Sp. Nov.

3d Q. 42-44 mm. Form and aspect of interpellans Butl. (Ann,

Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), xvi, 417), of which it may possibly even prove a

local race. Head and body concolorous with wings.

Forewing drab, with a tinge of fawn-colour and with scattered dark

New Geometridae (Lepidoptera) in the South African Museum. 67

irroration ; cell-dot large, black, long-oval; lines scarcely indicated

except by blackish dots on the veins; antemedian from one-fourth

costa to beyond one-fourth hindmargin, somewhat excurved anteriorly ;

postmedian from before three-fourths costa, curving inward so as

nearly to touch the cell-mark on R?, then nearly vertical to hindmargin.

—Hindwing similar, sometimes slightly paler ; first line wanting ; post-

median slightly curved, but generally placed near the cell-mark.—

Underside paler, with very feeble dark irroration; cell-dots present ;

postmedian dots present, but generally indistinct.

Salisbury, 1915 (Dr. M. Melle), type. in coll. S. Afr. Mus.; also

in coll. Brit. Mus. from the same district.

Gen. HEMEROPHILA Steph.

28. HEMEROPHILA ABSURDA, Sp. nov.

dg. 32-85 mm. Face with appressed scales; fuscous. Palpus

short; fuscous. Tongue slight. Antenna bipectinate apparently to

apex (extreme tip lost), with long, rather slender branches. Vertex,

thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings. Hind tibia not dilated.

Forewing with apex rather sharp, termen not crenulate; SC!

anastomosing at a point with C, SC? from cell, free; light brown,

slightly ochreous, irrorated and strigulated with fuscous, parts of the

median and distal areas remaining slightly clearer ; lines blackish ;

antemedian slightly thickened, especially behind M and near hind-

margin, arising on costa before one-third, curved outward at first,

indented between R* and M', strongly oblique inward and slightly

sinuous to before one-fourth hindmargin ; postmedian mostly rather

slender, but thickened about R®—M', arising on costa at five-sevenths,

acutely angled outward about hk’, then oblique and slightly curved

inward, reaching hindmargin about three-fifths ; a blackish cell-dot ;

an extremely vague band of dark shading distally to the postmedian,

slightly strengthened between the radials and near hindmargin ;

termen with slightly elongate blackish dots (or short dashes) between

the veins. —Hindwing with termen not crenulate, but in anterior half

appreciably undulate ; first line wanting ; postmedian not very sharply

expressed, placed little beyond the cell-dot, somewhat crenulate, fairly

direct or very slightly sinuous, posteriorly shghtly oblique outward ;

some very slight shadings indicating the position of the subterminal

line; terminal marks weak.—Underside with the cell-dots strong,

somewhat enlarged, especially that of the hindwing, otherwise more

weakly marked, the antemedian line of forewing suggested by a darkish

68 Annals of the South African Museum.

costal spot, the postmedian indicated (rather more sharply on the

hindwing) by short dashes or teeth on the veins.

Cape, Montague Baths, November, 1902 (W. F. Purcell), type in

coll. S. Afr. Mus. ; paratype in coll. L. B. Prout.

Gen. LARENTIOIDES, gen. nov.

Face not protuberant, with appressed scales. Palpus rather short,

moderately stout, closely scaled; 5rd joimt quite short. Tongue

present. Antenna in ¢ simple. Pectus moderately hairy. Thorax

not crested. Abdomen in ¢ moderately slender, not crested, basal

cavity without spine; hindtibia (lost), therefore evidently without

hair-pencil.

Forewing without fovea; rather narrow, costal margin nearly

straight, apex bluntly pointed, termen scarcely waved, gently curved,

strongly oblique ; cell one-half, DC® incurved ; C free, SC? from cell,

anastomosing strongly with SC! and afterwards with SC**, forming

a double areole, R? from slightly before middle of DC, M’ separate.-—

Hindwing rather narrow, costa elongate, apex rounded, termen

moderately crenulate, tornus nearly square (the extremity rounded

off) ; cell one-half, DC very slightly curved; C closely approximated

to SC to beyond middle of cell, then rapidly diverging, SC? separate,

R? wanting, M! well separate.

Type of the genus: Larentioides cacothemon, sp. nov.

Akin to the Oriental genus Hirasa Moore, differing in the much

narrower, less crenulate wings, the double areole, longer approximation

of C of hindwing to SC and secondarily in the non-dilated hindtibia

of the ¢.

29. LARENTIOIDES CACOTHEMON, Sp. Nov.

S- 383mm. Face and palpus dark fuscous. Vertex, thorax, and

abdomen grey, irrorated with fuscous, which tends to form on each

abdominal tergite a pair of very vague spots.

Forewing rather glossy grey, with a slight violaceous tinge and with

sparse fuscous and blackish irroration ; lines fuscous, not very strong,

but blackened with spots or dots on the veins ; antemedian from two-

fifths costa to one-fourth hindmargin, angulated outward in cell and

at submedian fold (shallowly W-shaped); median well beyond the

slightly elongate black cell-mark, about 1 mm. from the postmedian

and approximately parallel therewith, apparently diverging at. costa,

where, however, it is almost obliterated ; postmedian very oblique and

sinuous, from beyond five sixths costa, very gently incurved between

New Geometridae (Lepidoptera) in the South African Museum. 69

radials and more markedly in posterior part, reaching hindmargin

little beyond the middle ; some weak dark shadings in distal area, in

part giving the impression of a less oblique continuation of the post-

median line from M' to hindmargin; dark terminal line not very

sharp, slightly interrupted at the ves. —Hindwing concolorous, at

costal margin paler and feebly marked ; median and postmedian lines

approximated, wavy or somewhat sinuous, the former only, the latter

chiefly, pronounced towards abdominal margin, here nearly parallel

with termen, anteriorly somewhat receding ; cell-mark scarcely indi-

cated ; some weak submarginal shades; terminal line as on forewing.

—Underside very feebly marked.

Cape, Carnarvon, January, 1910 (J. Drury).

The unique example is unfortunately in poor condition, but easily

recognisable by the structural characters combined with the facies,

which recalls some narrow-winged Algerian Hemerophila or Boarmia

atlanticaria Ster., ete.

Gen. PERIDELA Warr.

30. PERIDELA PUNCTILINEA, Sp. Nov.

¢g. 30mm. Face not tufted, whitish ochreous with dark speck-

ling. Palpus (broken in type) rather short, mostly pale, with some

dark speckling on sides and above. Crown somewhat ochreous.

Antennal pectinations little longer than diameter of shaft. Thorax

and abdomen concolorous with wings. Hindtibia dilated, with hair-

pencil, abdominal spine developed.

Forewing with fovea moderate; SC!? coincident, free (type) or

touching C at a point (paratypes); whitish brown, tinged with

ochreous on the veins and about the lines; irroration and strong

costal dots or strigulae dark fuscous; lines dark fuscous, thickened at

costa; antemedian oblique outward from two-sevenths costa, strongly

curved in cell, then very oblique inward and slightly smuous ; median

slight, except at costa, nearly parallel with termen, very slightly

curving away at costa; postmedian about 3 mm. from termen, nearly

parallel therewith from hindmargin to R', here bent, running vertically

to costa; composed of rather large vein-dots, those on R? and SM’

(fold) generally smaller ; cell-spot elongate ; some slight dark shading

proximal to the almost obsolete subterminal line; terminal dots

strong, somewhat elongate.—Hindwing with termen somewhat irregu-

larly waved, slightly emarginate between the radials, very slightly

prominent at R*; lines not thickened at costa ; antemedian wanting ;

70 Annals of the South African Museum.

median slightly incurved between the radials, crossing the strong cell-

dot; postmedian from beyond two-thirds costa to abdominal margin

near tornus, continuous, though accentuated by large vein-dots,

incurved between the radials, strongest about R*-M!; distal area

nearly as on forewing.—Underside more suffusedly irrorated; first

line of forewing wanting, postmedian dots of both wings connected by

a line and closely succeeded distally by a moderately broad, distally

ill-defined brown band, suffused in places with purplish fuscous; a

brown terminal line, somewhat thickened between the veins.

Bechuanaland, Gaberones, 1916 (Marshall), type; two paratypes,

from Ovampo Land, in coll. Brit. Mus.

31. PERIDELA BIRECTA, sp. Nov.

g. 28mm. Palpus one-and-a-half times the length of diameter

of eye. Antennal pectinations fully three times as long as diameter

of shaft, giving place, after about 36 joints, to mere teeth. Head and

palpus very pale ochreous brown, irrorated with ferruginous. Collar

somewhat ferruginous. Thorax above vinaceous buff, with a few

dark scales. Abdomen paler.

Forewing with the venation apparently somewhat variable, subcostal

veins in the type crowded, SC! apparently coincident and anastoming

slightly or connected with C (in the three Bloemfontein examples, as

is usual in the allied butaria, not crowded, SC! arising out of C, not

touching SC?) ; white or whitish, tinged with yellow; an isabelline or

slightly fawn-coloured, fuscous-dotted patch from base nearly to first

line ; lines dark fuscous; first from costa before one-third, slightly

excurved at first, then vertical to hindmargin; median line from

middle of costa to hindmargin at three-sevenths, obtusely angled

between the medians, straight before and behind ; space between first

and median lines concolorous with basal patch, darkened about DC

and behind submedian fold; postmedian line from two-thirds costa,

excurved anteriorly and forming a very slight inward curve between

R*® and hindmargin; nearly interrupted between radials, otherwise

thick, posteriorly with some dark shading proximally ; distal area

isabelline or fawn-coloured, separated from postmedian by a white

line ; subterminal white line distinct, rather thick, very slightly sinuous

but not lunulate, posteriorly curving outward nearly to tornus: some

fuscous spots proximally to the subterminal; an oblique pale shade

from apex across subterminal line ; terminal line broken into dots or

dashes, not very sharp.—Hindwing almost wholly pale, with a minute

discal dot and indications (chiefly in abdominal region) of postmedian

line and cloudy submarginal and marginal bands (in the Bloemfontein

New Geometridae (Lepidoptera) in the South African Museum. 71

specimens the submarginal band more complete) ; terminal line

interrupted, not very sharp.—Both wings beneath with similar but

weaker markings.

Cape, Namaqualand (Worden), O’okiep, September 22nd, 1886,

type’in coll. S. Afr. Mus.; Orange Free State, Bloemfontein (H. F.

Wilson), 3 in coll. Brit. Mus.

Near butaria Swinh. (Tr. Ent. Soe. Lond., 1904, p- 510), but

distinct in the shape of the median line and especially very different

in the markings of the distal area.

Gen. TEPHRINA Guen.

32. TEPHRINA ABNORMATA, Sp. Nov.

So. 29mm. Face brown. Palpus whitish-brown, 2nd and 3rd

joints with darker admixture. Vertex light brown; occiput fawn-

colour. Antenna brown ; the pectinations rather short (scarcely over

twice diameter of shaft) and stout, well ciliated at the tips. Collar

somewhat ochreous. Thorax above mostly fawn-colour, beneath light

brown. Hindtibia not dilated. Abdomen light brown.

Forewing with fovea; SC! arising from C, free; whitish brown, in

places (most decidedly in entire distal area) shaded with fawn-colour ;

irroration wood-brown; costal margin, especially in median area,

rather more ochreous brown, with fuscous dots or minute strigulae ;

lines brown; antemedian rather thick, oblique outward from before

one-fourth costa, roundly bent in cell, minutely indented behind M,

vertical to about one-third hindmargin ; discal dot rather large, black ;

median line rather thick, not very sharp, bent outward distally to the

cell-spot, then almost straight to just beyond middle of hindmargin ;

postmedian line 3 or 4 mm. from termen, nearly parallel therewith

(almost inappreciably incurved about the fold) from hindinargin to

R', anteriorly somewhat curving proximal; termen with small black

dots between the veins.—Hindwing with termen a little subcrenulate

from SC? to R’, smooth posteriorly ; first line wanting; cell-dot smaller,

postmedian line less convex than termen, towards abdominal margin

shghtly curving distad.—Underside much warmer in coloration, the

ground-colour being more ochreous, irrorated and shaded (especially

on the distal area of hindwing) with a mere ferruginous shade; first

line wanting, the others weaker than above, the median, especially on

hindwing, ferruginous-ochreous ; cell-dots present; terminal dots

obsolescent.

Natal, Durban, February, 1914 (W. Haygarth).

72 Annals of the South African Museum.

Recalls Discalma normata Walk. (= parallelaria Walk.) in general

facies and coloration ; apart, however, from the ¢ antenna, it may be

distinguished at a glance by the anteriorly curved postmedian line ;

cell-dots larger and stronger (variable, however, in normata).

Gun. DISCALMA Meyr.

33. DIscALMA ARCIFERA DUBIA, subsp. nov.

6. 380mm. Differs from arcifera arcifera Hmpsn. (Proc. Zool.

Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 469, t. 39, f. 3), from N. E. Rhodesia (and a quite

similar ¢ from Ruo Valley, Portuguese East Africa), as follows:

Ground-colour less rufescent, with stronger dark irroration; the

oblique common line finer and darker, followed distally on each wing

above and beneath by a thick, dentate dark line arising near apex and

diverging gradually from the oblique line.

North Ovampo Land, 1890-91 (H. W. Eriksson).

As the apex of the forewing is more falcate, this may well prove a

distinct species, but the rest of the structure and the facies agree so

absolutely that I hesitate so to regard it.

Gen. GONODONTIS Hb.

34, GONODONTIS STICTONEURA, Sp. NOV.

3d. 37mm. Headand body concolorous with wings, the face dark-

mixed, the palpus infuscated on the outer side. Antennal pectinations

long for the genus (over 3 times diameter of shaft).

Forewing with termen not crenulate, scarcely waved ; pale greyish

ochreous, with scattered (sometimes very weak) dark irroration ; lines

weak, especially the antemedian, which arises at two-fifths costa and

is markedly excurved, but is scarcely traceable except by a slightly

pale line which accompanies it proximally and by three black vein-

dots, those on M (at origin of M?) and SM? large and conspicuous ;

postmedian marked with smaller dark vein-dots, arising at four-fifths

costa, nearly straight to R#, here angled, its posterior half forming a

regular curve, with the convexity directed proximad ; a slight pale line

accompanying the postmedian distally, cell-mark strong, ocellated,

showing a slight tendency to break up into dots; termen with small

interneural dots.—Hindwing paler, with a similar but rather less

intense cell-mark and faintly discernible, angulated postmedian line,

beyond which is a vague, narrow whitish band; terminal dots obso-

lescent.—Both wings beneath with the ocellus strong, the angulated

New Geometridae (Lepidoptera) in the South African Museum. 73

postmedian line present, dotted on the veins, and a (sometimes almost

obsolete) fuscous submarginal band.

Cape, Hout Bay (W. L. Sclater), type in coll. 8. Afr. Mus. ; para-

types from the same locality and Kalk Bay in coll. Brit. Mus. et coll.

L. B. Prout.

Possibly a local race of the Abyssinian integraria Guén. (Spec. Gén.

Lép. ix, 166), which I only know from Guéné’s description and

Oberthur’s figure (a 2, Et. Lep. ix, fig. 1903), but with the postmedian

lines appreciably different from those of both Guéné’s species, the

large, conspicuous ocellus of the hindwing above distinctive, ete.

Gen. PARECLIPSIS Warr.

35. PARECLIPSIS ONUS, sp. NOV.

¢. 34mm. Face without projecting cone ; palpus apparently short

(head somewhat crushed) ; antenna rather strongly lamellate; struc-

ture otherwise agreeing with punctata Warr. (Nov. Zool. vii, 97).

Head and body concolorous with wings.

Forewing with costal margin slightly simuous, apex round-pointed,

termen oblique, curved towards middle, becoming more oblique behind ;

SC? anastomosing at a point with SC**; glossy, broccoli-brown, with

minute rather sparse and very inconspicuous blackish-grey irroration ;

a rather large (nearly 1 mm. diameter), roundish, not very sharply

defined grey-black discal spot beyond middle; a very faint line of

small grey vein-dots passing midway between this and termen, nearly

parallel with the latter but with a very slight curve inward between

R' and SM*.— Hindwing paler, in some lights appearing almost whitish ;

cell-dot smaller than on forewing ; postmedian dots almost entirely

obsolete, faintly discernible near abdominal margin, more proximally

placed than on forewing.—Forewing beneath slightly paler than above,

at least posteriorly ; cell-spot and postmedian line of dots reproduced,

the latter slightly more distinct anteriorly. Hindwing beneath rather

less white than above; cell-dot reproduced ; postmedian line of dots

distinct throughout.

Cape, Cape Town, June, 1872.

Gen. OBOLCOLA Walk.

36. OBOLCOLA CACOCTENES, sp. Nov.

So. 28mm. Structure of ferrorubrata Walk. (List Lep. Ins. Oat

1670), except as noted; thus differing from typical Obolcola in the

74 Annals of the South African Museum.

elongate wings, long cells and presence of SC! of forewing, widely free.

Head and body concolorous with wings. Antennal pectinations

very much shorter than in ferrorubrata, only 2-8 times as long as

diameter of shaft; rather slender, well separated.

Forewing not quite so narrow as in ferrorubrata, termen towards

apex not quite so oblique; light brown, with some slightly rufescent

shadings and with scattered dark irroration ; costal edge dark-dotted ;

lines exceedingly faint, placed as in ferrorubrata, the median quite

fine, the postmedian dots minute; a small black cell-dot; termen

with small, weak, dark dots.—Hindwing almost uniform grey, with a

slight purplish tinge; cell-mark very faintly indicated in rather

darker grey.—Underside as in pale examples of ferrorubrata, the

forewing, except at costal margin, being glossy and feebly marked,

the costal margin and the entire hindwing more mixed with ochreous,

strongly irrorated ; cell-marks present but not strong.

Cape, Wynberg, October, 1862.

Except for size and structure, might have been taken for a striking

ab. of ferrorubrata of the least rufous form and with the characteristic

broad median shade almost obsolete.

Gen. PETELIA H.-Sch.

37. PETELIA PSEUDOGNOPHOS, Sp. NOv.

32. 33 mm. Structure of strigata Warr. (Nov. Zool. iv, 103 =

crassata Warr., op. cit. xi, 477), the face being without projecting tuft

and the palpus short for the genus ; C of hindwing rather farther from

SC, connected by a slight bar near base. Head and body coloured

nearly as wings, the face, palpus and fore- and middle-legs slightly

darkened, the vertex slightly pale.

Forewing not quite so broad as in strigata, termen more oblique ;

rather glossy grey, somewhat mixed or clouded with light brown and

with moderately strong, scattered blackish irroration ; lines rather

vague, formed of massed brown irroration, from costa at about one-

fifth, two-fifths and two-thirds, nearly parallel, all bent strongly out-

ward before middle, inward about middle, outward behind and more or

less indented on SM°; cell-dot small, black ; subterminal line indicated

by a series of fairly large but not very sharply defined whitish vein-

spots, proximally edged by some blackish irroration ; the spots at R?

and R* weaker, more proximally placed: termen with rather large

black interneural dots, slightly extending into grey dashes; fringe

almost unicolorous.—Hindwing similar, with two instead of three

New Geometridae (Lepidoptera) in the South African Museum. 75

brown lines, the second scarcely beyond the middle; a small white

spot instead of a black dot on the discocellulars.—Both wings beneath

glossy pale grey, with black discal dot and very faint suggestions of

fairly straight antemedian and postmedian line, a slightly paler band

distally to the latter; termen with elongate black interneural marks.

Cape, Cape Town, May, 1913, and December, 1911 (P. C. Keytel),

type ¢ anda @ in coll. S. Afr. Mus.; Kalk Bay, June, 1904

(Davidson), paratype in coll. L. B. Prout.

Certainly allied to strigata Warr., but with very different facies,

superficially recalling a Gnophos; the markings bear also a striking

resemblance to those of the North American Ivala desperaria Hulst,

and the face and palpus may demand the removal of both strigata and

pseudognophos to Hulst’s genus, if that is tenable. The group (the

genus Deilinia of Meyrick and Hampson) is almost cosmopolitan,

though nowhere very rich in species.

abnormata (‘Tephrina)

absurda (Hemerophila)

actena (Conchylia)

ALLOCHLORODES .

APHILOPOTA

arcifera (Discalma)

ASPILATOPSIS

AXIODES .

birecta (Peridela)

cacoctenes (Obolcola) .

cacothemon (Larentioides) .

CHLOROCLYSTIS

CONCHYLIA

crenilinea (Hebdomophr uda)

diplocampa (Larentia)

DISCALMA 2

dochmoleuca (Axiodes)

DREPANOGYNIS

dubia (Discalma)

elpis (Allochlorodes) .

EUPITHECIA

errans (Hebdomophruda)

flexio (Scopula) .

GEOMETRINAE

GONODONTIS . ;

gnamptomia (Chloroclystis)

(76 )

INDEX.

PAGE

71 HEBDOMOPHRUDA

67 HEMEROPHILA

58 HEMITHEINAE

66 if

6a intervenata (Microligia)

65 Te

lamelata ee

LARENTIA

70 LARENTIINAE .

LARENTIOIDES

leptodoma (Drepanogynis)

licita (Eupithecia)

73 lipara (Ptychopoda)

57 M

ee mansueta (Palaeaspilates) .

: MICROLIGIA :

muscosa (Chloroclystis)

53 O

72 OBOLCOLA

65 Oncodogramma (Pseudomaenas)

62. onus (Pareclipsis)

72 orthobates (Aspilatopsis) .

ORTHOLITHA . :

47 PALAEASPILATES .

54 PARECLIPSIS .

61 PERIDELA :

peringueyi (Ortholitha)

pero (Drepanogynis) .

PETELIA .

48 phanerostigma (Aphilopota)

PSEUDOMAENAS .

pseudognophos (Petelia)

PTYCHOPODA . :

59 ~~ pulverea (Sicyodes)

72_ punetilinea (Peridela) :

57 punctiscripta (Ortholitha) .

PAGE

New Geometridae (Lepidoptera) in the South African Museum. 77

rediviva (Eupithecia) .

SCOPULA .

SICYODES. ,

STERRHINAE . :

stictoneura (Gonodontis)

subcanipars (Hupithecia)

PAGE

subconclusaria (Eupithecia) . 54

subochrea (Sicyodes) . : . 64

subterlimbata (Eupithecia) . 56

Badly

tenuiscripta (Scopula) : . 48

TEPHRINA ; ~ il

tumefacta (Chloroclystis) : ci

4.—On Some South African Aviculariidae (Arachnida). Families

Migidae, Ctenizidae, Diplotheleae, and Dipluridae.—By R. W. E.

Tucker, B.A, Assistant.

(With Plate [TX and Thirteen Text-figures. )

Famtny MIGIDAR.

Gren. MOGGRIDGEA, O. P. Cambr.

The separation of M. seticova, coegensis, and nigra by Hewitt (Ann.

Trans. Mus., vol. 5, No. 2, p. 92) under the heading (a!) “Coza IT

with a distinct posterobasal group of shorter and more densely crowded

(often spiniform) setae inferiorly” seems doubtful. Purcell, in his

description of M. coegensis (Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. 8, pt. 4, p. 72),

mentions “ Coxa IT with a much smaller and scarcely distinct group

(formed of 6-8 setae placed closer together than elsewhere’) ; and in

the type specimen the approximation of the bristles is scarcely a

distinct group. Of the other members, nigra has no such group, and

seticova has only a very slight approximation of bristles, as in

coegensis; it may be advisable therefore to merge the seticova-coegensis

group with the quercina-microps group, with the posterobasal group

of bristles on Coxa IIT as the distinguishing character, making the

presence of a few extra bristles basally on Coxa IT a subsidiary

specific guide.

MoGGRrIDGEA QUERCINA, Sim.

1903. Simon, E., Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. vol. 47, pt. 1, p. 22.

1903. Simon, E., Hist. Nat. des Araign. vol. 2, p. 881.

1903. Purcell, W. F., Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. vol. 3, pt. 4, p. 73.

1915. Hewitt, J., Ann. Transv. Mus. vol. 5, No. 2, p. 91.

An adult 2 specimen (No. B. 1364) taken from nest on a Mahogany

Umkahla tree in Durban by H. W. Bell-Marley, September, 1915.

This specimen is so closely allied to M. quercina that it has been

referred to that species.

Apart from the size, the few differences which present themselves

seem insufficient to separate it specifically from the above.

80 Annals of the South African Museum.

It undoubtedly comes in the same group as quercina; in size it

more nearly approaches M. intermedia (Hewitt). From the descrip-

tions, both M. intermedia and M. microps (Hewitt) seem so closely

related to M. quercina that they may well prove to be local forms of a

wide-spread tree-inhabiting species.

The nest of the above specimen consists of a roomy chamber

(sufficient in size for the spider to turn in), built in a hollow of the

bark, coloured to resemble the latter, and decorated with lichen, ete. ;

the door is similar and fairly strongly built, and has a bevelled edge,

which fits well down on to the rim of the tube, which is also hard and

bevelled.

Measurements of specimens.—Carapace 6°5 long; 5°5 wide. Length

18 mm.

MoGGrIDGEA PERINGUEYI, Sim.

1903. Simon, E., Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. vol. 47, pt.1, p. 23.

1903. Simon, E., Hist. Nat. des Araign. vol. 2, pp. 878 and 881.

1903. Purcell, W. F., Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. vol. 3, pt. 4, p. 73.

1915. Hewitt, J.. Ann. Transv. Mus. vol. 5, pt. 2, 92.

Specimens.— 3 (No. 8328) Houwhoek, Cal. Div. (W. F. Purcell,

8/1900). Q (B779) Houwhoek. (R. M. Lightfoot, 7/10).

g. Colowr.—Carapace very dark mahogany brown ; almost black

in appearance ; abdomen black ; spinners, lung operculae, and genital

plate lighter brown; sternum and coxae pale brown, coxae of pedi-

palps reddish-brown. Legs with dark femora, but lighter from

patellae onwards.

Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia and * of metatarsus of Ist lee,

and to tibia and + metatarsus of 4th leg; densely granular. Fovea

deep and strongly recurved.

Hyes.—Front row lghtly recurved; medians nearly their own

diameter apart, laterals broadly oval, much larger than medians, and

more than their own long diameter from latter and from anterior

margin of carapace. Posterior row recurved; much narrower than

anterior row, and with the eyes small and flat; medians and laterals

subequal, well separated, and situated opposite the gap between

anterior medians and anterior laterals.

Labium and coxae of pedipalps and legs muticous.

Chelicerae with 4 teeth down each side of groove. Posterior sternal

sigilla long, broad oval, and well separated from margin; situated

between 2nd and 8rd coxae.

Legs.—Tarsi short, swollen, scopulated, and unspined. Metatarsus

I with 6 strong spines down each side surface, and with a few other

On Some South African Aviculariidae (Arachnida). 81

smaller ones. Metatarsus IT similar, but with the spines weaker and

more irregular ; both are unscopulated, but metatarsus II has a few

scattered hairs on under surface distally. Metatarsus IIT spineless

but bearing stiff setae and a small patch of scopular hairs distally ;

metatarsus [V with neither spines nor setae, slightly swollen distally,

tapering towards base and curving upwards; under surface entirely

and densely scopulated, save for small tapering basal portion.

Pedipalps hardly distinguishable from M. terricola.

Measurements.—Chelicerae to end of abdomen, nearly 12 mm.

Carapace 6 mm. long, 5° mm. wide. Ist leg 15:5, 4th leg 16°5 mm.

long.

A (No. 7813) from Brandvlei, Wore., appears referable to this

species ; it differs from the Houwhoek ¢ in that the legs are uni-

colorous and longer relatively to the carapace, the latter being identical

in measurements with M. peringueyi; eyes, palp, scopulation, and

metatarsus IV are the same; the spination is slightly stronger, and

cephalic portion of carapace smoother and more reticulated than in

peringueyt.

Nine-? ? andjv. (No. B1555-6) from Beaufort West are practically

identical in appearance and characters with the Matjesfontein speci-

mens, and there is no doubt that the species extends also to the above

locality.

MoGGRIDGEA LATUS, N. Sp.

Specimens.—Nine ? 2 (types) and 32 jv. (No. 150,082), taken by

Dr. W. F. Purcell from an old mud wall at Caledon ; 7/10.

This species is very closely allied to M. peringueyi, and with the

advent of the male it may prove to be a very distinct local variety ;

the main distinction being in the ocular area and in general size.

Colour.—Carapace and legs infuscated brown; abdomen dark

purplish black above in adults, and testaceous below; the upper

surface bearing traces of testaceous spots and markings. In younger

specimens (seen in spirits) the abdomen has distinct testaceous

markings bringing out oblique lines down the abdomen; the anterior,

darker half of the abdomen usually has 4 testaceous spots forming a

square, and a continuation of light spots down each side; in some,

black oblique infuscations on a light surface make the principal

pattern, and in others the testaceous spots, somewhat elongated, on

a dark ground.

Carapace.—General proportions much as in peringuey?, t.e., width

nearly equal to leneth, and length equal to patella, tibia, and 1-2

metatarsus of Ist leg, and subequal to tibia and metatarsus of 4th

82 Annals of the South African Museum.

leg ; width of carapace reaches to centre of anterior eyes in /atus, and

not so far in peringueyt; fovea, etc. as in latter.

Hyes.—Ocular area at least 2} times as wide as long ; in peringueyi

it is only twice as wide as long. Anterior row with their hind

margins in a straight line, and their anterior margins procurved ;

medians small and about a diameter apart; laterals very large and

separated from medians by a distance at least equal to the space

occupied by both medians. Posterior row very slightly recurved,

almost as wide as anterior row; medians oval, oblique, larger than

laterals, and their own long diameter from the latter.

Coxae muticous; rest of characters as in peringueyi; the comb on

metatarsus IV is less compact and of longer, finer spines; also sternal

sigilla are larger and deeper than in the latter,

Measurements.—Largest specimen: chelicerae to end of abdomen

25°3 mm.; carapace 10 mm. long and 9 mm. wide.

MoaeGripa@ra TERRICOLA, Sim. (Text-fig. 1).

1903. Simon, E., Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. vol. 47, pt. 1, p. 22.

1903. Simon, E., Hist. Nat. des Araign, vol. 2, pp. 878 and 881.

1903. Purcell, W., F., Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. vol. 3, pt. 4, pp. 71 and 73.

1915. Hewitt, J., Ann. Transv. Mus. vol. 5, No. 2, p. 92.

Specimens.— 3 (No. 3499) and 4 Q@ 9 (Nos. 150,481 and B 1175),

Bergvleit, Diep R., Cape Peninsula (W. F. Purcell, 10/96 and 5/15).

g. Colour.—Carapace very dark mahogany-brown ; posterior legs

lighter in colour; abdomen dull testaceous, strongly infuscated dorsally,

especially posteriorly ; under surface pale; sternum pale yellowish-

brown ; anterior coxae somewhat darker.

Equal in length to tibia and metatarsus of Ist leg,

Carapace.

and equal to or slightly exceeding tibia and patella of 4th leg.

Surface densely granular save for a band from fovea to ocular

tubercle. Fovea slightly recurved.

Hyes.—Ocular area twice as wide as long. Front row of eyes

straight ; medians round, a radius apart, and larger than anterior

laterals, which are oval, oblique, and about a diameter distant from

the medians. Posterior row recurved and not so broad as anterior

row; medians small and flat and close to laterals, which are very

shghtly larger.

Labium and coxae of pedipalps muticous; 8rd coxae with a small

patch of bristles corresponding to patch of spinules in 9.

Chelicerae with 4 small teeth on outer and 4 on inner margin ; no

rastellum. Posterior sternal sigilla large, inclined towards each other,

On Some South African Aviculariidae (Arachnida). 85

opposite posterior edge of 2nd coxae, and well separated from

margin.

Legs.—Clothed with short sparse hairs proximally, and longer more

numerous ones distally. Tarsi short and stout, spineless and scopu-

lated. Metatarsus I with 3 spines on anterior side and 3 on posterior.

Metatarsus II similar, but with finer spines. Former not scopulated

below, latter with a few scopular hairs anteriorly. Metatarsus II

with long stiff hairs, many somewhat spiniform in character; no

scopulation. Metatarsus IV similar and scopulated over } its length

below. Tibiae I and II well armed with stout spines.

Pedipalps spineless ; tibia swollen basally and hollowed out on

under surface, latter portion carrying long hairs; bulb (‘Text-fig. 1)

Fra. 1.—Moggridgea terricola, Sim. Right palp, under side.

oval, with process stout basally, tapering rapidly towards extremity,

and pointing outwards and upwards.

Measurements.—Total length 8 mm.; carapace 45 mm. long and

4mm. broad.

Gren. POECILOMIGAS, E. Sim.

PoEcILOMIGAS ABRAHAMI, O. P. Cambr.

1889. Moggridgea abrahami, Cambr., O. P., P. Z. S. 1889, p. 41, pl. 2,

fig. 3. . .

1889. Moggridgea tidmarshi, Lenz., Zool. Anz. Jhrg. 12, 1889, p. 578.

1892. Migas abrahami, Simon, K., Hist. Nat. des Araign. 2nd ed. v. 1,

pp. 82 and 84. . :

1895. Moggridgea abrahami, Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6),

vol. 16, p. 187.

1897. ns m Pocock, P. Z. 8. 1897, p. 733.

84. Annals of the South African Museum.

1902. Moggridgea abrahami, Pocock, A. M. N. H. (7), vol. 10, p. 320.

1903. 4 Simon, E., Hist. Nat. des Araign. vol. 2,

p- 881.

1903. Poecilomigas abrahami, Pocock, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. vol. 3, pt. 4,

p. 72.

1915. $5 Hewitt, Ann. Transv. Mus. vol. 5, No. 2,

pole

Three @ specimens (Nos. B 1814, 1946, 1968) from Durban (H. W.

Bell-Marley, 11/15).

Notes on habitations.*—The nests of Poecilomigas are invariably

furnished with two trap-doors, one at each end of the tube. In one

example the rear trap-door is spun over with a dise of silk which is

connected by a prominently ridged band with another similar dise of

silk fastened on to the bark; the rear door is thus apparently held

down, but capable of being used if necessary. In another nest, how-

ever, the hinge of the posterior door is but slightly removed from the

anterior one—their distance apart is usually commensurate with the

size of the inhabilant—and the two silk discs are fastened one on

the side of each of the doors, and are themselves hinge to hinge (as in

the above example also) ; in this case the advantage seems so proble-

matical that it may be doubtful if the silk dises with their connecting

bands are the work of the spiders to whose habitatious they are

attached—-particularly as they are concealed by being covered with

grains of earth and sand instead of pieces of bark and lichen. In

another nest the doors were widely separated, the posterior one being

smaller than the anterior one, and securely fastened down on the

inside so as to be useless for escape (see also P. Z. 8. 1887, p. 42) ;

on this nest and on another similar one there were no traces of the

connected dises as above, which further seems to show that they are

not the work of the inhabitants of the nests to which they may be

attached as above.

Famity CTENIZIDAKE.

Gren. STASIMOPUS, Sim.

STASIMOPUS PURCELLI, n. sp. (Plate IX, fig. 1).

Specimens.— g (No. 150,432, type) from Caledon (W. F. Purcell,

7/10.

Colour.—Carapace, mandibles, and upper abdomen black; under

abdomen brown to purplish-black; sternum pale brown, darker

anteriorly ; coxae of pedipalps almost black; coxae of legs I and II

* See p. 136.

On Some South African Aviculariidae (Arachnida). 85

dark brown; UI and IV lighter, being an ochraceous brown with an

olivaceous tinge.

Carapace.—Strongly granulated and with deep cephalic grooves ;

ocular area and border of carapace reticulated. Central granular ridge

from ocular tubercle, distinct ; lateral ones not so distinct. Length of

carapace equal to metatarsus and }-2 tarsus of first leg, and to meta-

tarsus and about { tarsus of 4th leg; it is subequal in length to meta-

tarsus and tarsus of 2nd leg.

Hyes.—Front row straight, subequal, equidistant, laterals round.

Posterior row straight, medians small, directly behind inner side of

anterior laterals, and distant their own diameter from posterior

laterals.

Pedipalps extend to just over } tibia of Ist leg; otherwise as in

Plate IX, fig. 1.

Legs.—Tarsi I and II unspined. ‘Tarsus III with 1 spine on outer

side. ‘Tarsus [V with 8-10 small spines on outer side; all four tarsi

scopulated. Metatarsus I very slightly curved, 8 spines on inner and

9 on outer side. Metatarsus I] with 7 spines on inner side and 8 on

outer. Metatarsi IIT and IV spineless but with bristly hairs. 'Tibiae

I and II heavily spmed; IIL and IV unspined. Patella I with

5 apical spines on under and anterior surface ; patella Il with a few

weak spines, IIT and IV with none. Tarsal claw IV with 2 basal

teeth (allied species S. brevipalpis has 6 teeth around curve).

Measurements.—Total length 12 mm. ; carapace 5 mm. long; Ist

leg 16 mm.; 3rd leg 12°5; 4th leg 16°5 mm.

This species is closely alhed to S. brevipalpis (Purce.).

S. BREVIPALPIS, Pure.

1903. S. brevipalpis, Purcell, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. vol. 3, pt. 4, p. 75.

1915. S. brevipalpis, Hewitt, Rec. Albany Mus. vol. 3, No. 2, p. 81.

A ¢ specimen (No. B 778) taken at Ashton Robst. Div. by

T. O’Connor 2/7/14 appears to be a black variety of brevipulpis ;

apart from colour it also has stronger setae and varies in spination.

The eyes also are slightly different ; the anterior row appearing even

slightly recurved, and the laterals round (approximately) and slightly

larger than the medians.

Srasimopus KENTANICUS, Pure. (Plate IX, fig. 2).

1903. S. kentanicus, Purcell, Ann. S. Afr. Mus. vol. 3, pt. 4, p. 82 and

lord

Dots

1915. S. kentanicus, Hewitt, Rec. Albany Mus. vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 84.

86 Annals of the South African Museum.

Specimens.—A ¢ (No. 14,685) from Kentani (H. P. Abernethy,

1909) ; also another ¢ (B 782) by the same collector but with no

locality or date.

Colour.—Upper surface of chelicerae, cephalothorax, and abdomen

deep black ; legs also black with very slight brownish tinge, as far as

tibiae ; metatarsi and tarsi brownish-red in colour. Sternum, coxae,

and bases of pedipalps very dark brown; under abdomen black ;

genital plate, lung operculae and spinners light brown.

Cephalothorax.—Length equals metatarsus and * tarsus of Ist leg,

and metatarsus and about } tarsus of 4th leg; also equals tibia and

patella, and slightly exceeds metatarsus and tarsus of 2nd leg. Border

of carapace slightly raised; ridges in centre of cephalic region well

marked ; middle one reaching nearly to fovea.

Hyes.—Front row slightly procurved : eyes equidistant ; laterals and

medians subequal, the medians being round and dark and the laterals

oval. Posterior row slightly recurved; laterals round, flat, smaller

than anterior medians, and dark; medians light, subtriangular, larger

than and almost touching laterals ; and situated almost behind anterior

laterals, to which they are subequal in size.

Spinners short and stout, equal in length to 3 the sternum, and

infuscated below as in female. Spinners and under abdomen some-

what hairy ; upper abdomen sparsely covered with black hairs.

Labium long, convex, and muticous. Posterior sternal sigilla long,

almost vertical, opposite 2 pair of legs, and more than their long

diameter from the margin.

Pedipalps.—Tibia long and swelling underneath posteriorly. Basal

portion of bulb broad and globular and ending in a long style, curved

outwards, tapering and fine. (Plate IX, fig. 2).

Chelicerae with 4-5 teeth on outer edge; 3-4 on inner, with a few

denticles between them.

Legs long and slender. Tarsus [I scopulate down centre; band of

18 short stout spines down outer side, and 11-12 down inner.

Metatarsus J not scopulate but heavily spined underneath and at

sides. Tibia I also heavily spined underneath; patella with a few

spines at apex underneath. ‘Tarsus and metatarsus II the same as

Ist leg; metatarsi I and II are long and swell very gradually distally.

Tarsi | and IL short compared with tarsi III and IV; narrow at

base and swelling in centre; broad on top; scopulated below; also

spined at sides, III less so than IV. Metatarsus III heavily and

irregularly spined underneath and at sides (spines longer). Femora

I and II long and slender; If[I and IV stouter and shorter and

swelling in centre below; [II shorter than IV or IL.

On Some South African Aviculariidae (Arachnida). 87

Measurements.—Length 17°8 mm. (spinners excluded). Carapace

7mm. long and 6°5 wide; Ist leg 24, 3rd leg 18°5, 4th leg 25°5 mm.

long.

Very similar to S. gigas (Hewitt), especially in appearance; though

considerably smaller, Latter however has stouter process to bulb,

and tarsus of first leg is far less heavily spined; 4th tarsal claws

of S. gigas have 3 stout basal spines and 4 small ones distally inside

the curve; kentanicus has a basal comb of about 5 spines and about

5 sharp teeth in curve; anterior claws also have more numerous,

sharper teeth.

STASIMOPUS NANUS, . sp.

Specimens.—A 9 (No. B 89, Type) from Smithfield, Orange Free

State, collected by Dr. Kannemeyer.

Colowr.—Carapace and legs dark olivaceous brown; lighter around

and below ocular tubercle; anterior legs slightly lighter; abdomen

dark above and below; under surface of legs, coxae and sternum

dull medium brown.

Carapace.—Subequal in length to patella, tibia, and metatarsus I.

Ocular tubercle-—Subequal to tibia or metatarsus I.

Anterior row of eyes with their centres in a straight line; laterals

large and broadly oval, transverse to shghtly oblique, and much less

than a median’s diameter from the latter; anterior medians small

and their own diameter apart. Posterior row also practically in a

straight line, with a tendency to slight recurvation; medians

subrotund, larger than anterior medians, and not quite so wide

apart as anterior laterals; narrowly separated from posterior laterals,

which are oval, subequal to medians in size and more raised ;

considerably less than their own diameter from anterior laterals ; a line

parallel to long axis of body wnd touching the outer edge of the latter,

would cut the posterior laterals through their centre.

Labium with 5 teeth, coxae of pedipalps with 8-10.

Spines.—Palps with about 8 distinct spinules at base of tarsus

above, and one or two scattered ones on distal upper surface of

tibia; 2 spines on inner surface of tibia and 5 on outer; and a band

of spines down each side of tarsus. Metatarsus I with basal patch of

spinules extending over about 4 of upper surface; area of spinules at

apex of tibia above, very small. Metatarsus II with the basal patch

of spinules extending over about 4 of its surface; that on the tibia

being less in size but greater than on tibia I. Inner surface of

tibia I with 3-5 spines; outer surface with about 25 spines.

Metatarsus III with about 10 spines on its anterior surface, and

88 Annals of the South African Museum.

with no spines on its under, apical surface, but with 1 or 2 spiniform

hairs. Tibia IIT with small anterior apical patch of spinules. Comb

on metatarsus ITV composed of 6—7 spiniform setae; the patch of red

spinules on patella IV above extending over about 4 the surface.

Measurements —Total length 14 mm. Carapace, length 4°8, width

4. mm.

Two @ 2 and two 2 Q jv. specimens (No. 14611) from same

locality and collector differ markedly in appearance from the above,

both in colour and size (largest 9 32°5 mm., carapace 10°8 long,

96 wide). The eyes are different and spination heavier than in

S. nanus.

Grn. IDIOPS, Perty.

Ip1ops PULLUS, n. sp. (Text-fig. 2 a and B).

Specimens.— $. (Type, No. 14706), from region west of Mafeking

and north of Vryburg (A. L. Du Toit, 1909).

Colowr.—Carapace and legs dark brown; legs lightening distally ;

abdomen clothed with short dark hairs, and almost the same colour

dorsally as carapace; slightly darker, though, anteriorly. Ventral

surface of abdomen dull ochraceous ; spinners, lung operculae, and

genital shield pale brown ; sternum and coxae pale brown.

Carapace eyual in length to metatarsus I and to metatarsus IV.

Fovea U-shaped with an almost semicircular depression anterior to it ;

in front of the latter are 2 small fine spines, one on each side ;

surface slightly granular and with a few short bristles posteriorly.

Hyes.—Anterior laterals broadly oval, prominent, only slightly

inclined outwards fron: central axis, and narrowly separated from each

other and from anterior border. Anterior medians large, circular,

and less than a radius distant from each other. Posterior row

procurved. Anterior laterals about an anterior median’s diameter

from the latter.

Sternum.—Posterior sigilla small, almost circular, and_ slightly

more than their own diameter from border; anterior sigilla similar

but smaller.

Labium and coxae of pedipalps muticous.

Chelicerae with 4 teeth on outer and inner row (one chelicera has

only 3, but larger, on outer side).

Legs.—Metatarsus I very slightly curved upwards in centre; 1-2

apical spines below and 14-15 small, slightly curved spines down inner

side, and 14-16 longer ones down outer. Metatarsus II with 4 apical

spines on under surface and 6 other spines down outer edge and 1-2

On Some South African Aviculariidae (Arachnida). 89

down inner edge of under surface. Metatarsi III and IV with

numerous long, slender spines. ‘Tibia I (Text-fig. 28), has 2 apical

spurs on inner under surface. Anterior spur is very broad and thick

basally, and curves upwards and outwards; it is set on a very swollen

tubercle, and bears at its base anteriorly 2 bristles and a_ spine.

Posterior and more dorsal spur short, and curving downwards and

inwards. Scattered spines over rest of surface.

Fia. 2.—Idiops pullus, n.sp. A. Right hand palp, outer side. B. Tibia

of first leg, under inner side.

Patella ILL with dorsal row of 5-6 small spines and anterior patch

of about 20; only | or 2 spines on posterior surface. Patella IV with

about 10 spinules on proximal anterior surface, set ina band of stiff

short bristles, which extends to distal border.

Tarsi.—Tarsus I with a few scopular hairs distally, especially at

sides ; no spinules down centre; comb of spine-like bristles on border

towards base of claws ; 10 spines down outer and 7 down inner side.

Tarsus II with entire scopula ; 7 spines down outer and | or 2 down

90 Annals of the South African Museum.

inner side; slightly curved upwards distally. Tarsus IIT also with

entire scopula; stouter than metatarsus and also slightly curved

upwards distally ; 2 or 3 spines on anterior surface and 7 on posterior

surface. Metatarsus IV fairly stout, straight, and with 1 or 2 spines

on anterior surface and 4—5 on posterior surface.

Pedipalps.—Femur with 6 slender spines dorsally. Tibia elongate,

slightly swollen basally and slightly curved dorsally ; hollowed on

anterior outer side, but not spined. Numerous long bristle-like hairs

on under surface.

Palpal organ (‘Text-fig. 2a); bulb somewhat reniform in shape;

style broad basally, with soft white under surface, and terminating in

a slender curved process.

Measurements.—Carapace 6 mm. long, 5°5 wide; chelicerae to end

of abdomen 14-5 mim., Ist leg 26 mm., 4th leg about 25 mm.

Ipiops PALAPYI, n. sp. (T'ext-fig. 34 and B).

’ D

Specimens.— g. (Type, No. 14628), from Palapye, Bechuanaland

Protectorate (H. A. Fry, 1908).

Colour.—Carapace and legs light orange-brown, Ist leg becoming

darker and redder distally; abdomen dull testaceous, infuscated on

anterior dorsal surface and around genital aperture ; median under

surface dusky brown ; sternum, coxae, and under-side of legs yellowish-

brown.

Carapace equal in length to metatarsus I and to metatarsus and $

tarsus of 4th lee ;

tote)

spines equidistant from median line and midway between ocular

fovea deep, procurved, and semicircular; 2 small

area and a transverse depression in front of fovea. Surface of cara-

pace rugose; the small papillae bearing fine short spines, or stout

bristles ; especially noticeable posteriorly and at margins.

Hyes.—Anterior laterals broadly oval (almost circular) large, and

close together; separated from first group by a shallow transverse

depression.

Anterior medians circular, perhaps slightly larger than the laterals,

and about a radius apart. Posterior row recurved ; medians small,

laterals oval ; their front margins slightly in advance of hind margins

of anterior medians and about the latters’ diameter distant from

them. Ocular area black, the infuscation spreading beyond anterior

eyes to base of chelicerae.

Sternum.—Posterior sigilla almost. circular, opposite 2nd pair of

legs, moderately large, and their own diameter from border. Anterior

sigilla smaller, similar, and opposite Ist pair of legs.

On Some South African Aviculariidae (Arachnida). ot

Labium and coxae of pedipalps muticous. Rastellum composed of

3 stout spines on inner apical side and one or two smaller spines.

Chelicerae with 6 teeth on inner row and 5 teeth on outer row.

Legs.— Metatarsus I curved strongly upwards and inwards towards

base ; 5—6 spines on outer side and 6 smaller ones on inner side ante-

riorly ; rest of surface covered with numerous fine, regular, spine-like

hairs shorter on under surface. Metatarsus IT straight or only very

slightly curved; 6 spines on inner side; rest of surface with fine

Fra. 3 —Idiops palapyi, n.sp. A. Right hand palp from inner side. B. Tibia

of right hand first leg from inner side.

black setal hairs. Metatarsus III fairly heavily spined, especially

at apex; rest of surface with fine spine-like hairs, longer on under

surface ; similarly with metatarsus IV.

Tibia I (Text-fig. 38) armed at apex on inner side with single

straight projecting spur, set on a narrow tubercle at the base of which

is a spine towards the outer side, below, and a black nipple on the

inner side below; 2 other apical spines towards outside of under

surface and 20-22 other spines on rest of under surface; 2 short

spines on outer surface centrally ; rest of surface with black setae.

Tibia IT with 3 apical spies on under and inner surface and

92 Annals of the South African Museum.

19-20 spines on rest of under surface. Also with 2 spines on outer

surface centrally and black setae elsewhere.

Patella III with short spines on anterior border of upper surface ; a

central line of 7 short spines and an anterior longitudinal strip of about

10 spines, all set in an area of short black setae; also with 2 short

spines posteriorly and a curved spine on under surface towards apex.

Patella IV less numerously spined, especially anteriorly.

Tarsi.—Tarsus I short; a few scopular hairs distally on each side

of under surface, with a double row of short spines between the

patches ; each row broadens out towards the base of tarsus into an

irregular, scattered area of small spines ; distally, each row is connected

to the base of the claws by a comb-like arrangement of 6 longer,

regular spines ; there are one or two longer spines on the sides, distally,

and setose hairs on remainder of surface. ‘Tarsus IT with slightly larger

and more distinct scopular patches and a less numerous but more

recular row of spines down centre; distal combs not so pronounced ;

2 or 3 more spines than on tarsus I, and slightly swollen distally.

Tarsus IIT short, much stouter than metatarsus and swollen over

whole of lower surface, particularly in centre; an entire and dense

scopula on under surface; one or two spines on sides. Tarsus IV

similar but not quite so swollen.

Pedipalps.—Femur with a row of 3 spines on upper surface. Patella

with 0-1 spines on outer side. Tibia swollen basally, arched dorsally

and with a deep hollow on under outer side; outer edge of hollow

with 4 long spines anteriorly, an irregular cluster of spines posteriorly

and numerous denticles on arch between. Tarsus small; palpal organ

as in Text-fig. 8 a; soft under portion below style bearing a lobe.

Measurements.—Carapace 8 mm. long, 69 mm. wide; Ist leg 32 mm.;

Ath 27°5. Total length (chelicerae to end of abdomen) 19°7 mm.

This species appears closely allied to I. parvus (Hewitt) (Ree.

Albany Mus,, vol. iii, No. 1, p. 7),

Ipiorps KENTANICUS, Pure. (Text-fig. 4.4 and B).

(See pp. 127 and 128.)

1903. Acanthodon kentanicus, Purcell, Ann.S. Afr. Mus. vol.3, pt. 4, p. 89.

1904. Ctenolophus kentanicus, Purcell, 'l'r. 8. Afr. Phil. Soe. vol. xv,

pt. 3; p. 11s:

Specimens.— & (No. 14,528) from Kentani (Miss Pegler, 1905).

Colour—Carapace dark brown; legs slightly lighter, especially

distally, where there is also a faint olivaceous tinge; upper surface of

abdomen almost black; under surface dull testaceous ; sternum and

coxae pale brown.

On Some South African Aviculariidae (Arachnida). 93

Carapace equal in length to 4th metatarsus, and to metatarsus and

about 1 tarsus of Ist leg; fovea crescentic and with small and incon-

spicuous depression in front of it, scattered papillae of surface bearing

Fia. 4.—Idiops kentanicus, Pure. A. Right palp, outer side. B. Tibia

of left first leg, under side.

hairs ; border of carapace slightly raised and separated by a narrow

eroove.

Eyes.—Anterior laterals broadly oval, close together and slightly

facing outwards ; larger than anterior medians which are slightly more

than a radius apart. Distance from front of anterior laterals to rear

of anterior medians equal to breadth of posterior row. Latter is pro-

curved; medians close to anterior medians.

Sternum.—Posterior sigilla indistinct, small and marginal; anterior

sigilla small and touching margin opposite centre of Ist leg.

Labium and coxae of pedipalps muticous. Rastellum composed of

3-4. strong spines set on a projecting tubercle, and 3 or 4 spines con-

tinued round on upper inner edge of chelicerae.

Chelicerae with 5 teeth on inner edge and 4—5 denticles at base on

outer edge.

o4. Annals of the South African Museum.

Legs.—Metatarsus I curved sharply upwards and inwards just over

, of its length from base; inner side of bend slightly swollen, darker,

and bearing 5—6 spinules or short spine-like hairs ; 2 apical and 1 other

spine on inner surface ; | apical and 1 other spine anteriorly on outer

surface. Metatarsus IT slightly curved upwards, with 1 apical and

3 other spines on outer edge of under surface. Metatarsi ITT and IV

very slightly curved and with long fine spines on under surface.

Tibia I stout, cylindrical, and shorter than metatarsus, bearing the

usual 2 spurs (‘Text-fig. 48); anterior spur apical, stout, and curved,

and with a long spine at base of tubercle; 2nd spur short and blunt ;

also 2 spines apically and 3 other spines on outer under surface.

Patella ITT with 14 spinules on anterior surface; none dorsally, and

2-3 apically on posterior surface. Patella [TV with about 20 spinules

on proximal portion of anterior surface and 15-16 ina similar position

on posterior surface.

Tarsi in general about % length of metatarsus. Tarsus I scopulated

over whole length and with 1 spine on each lateral surface. Tarsus IT

secopulated and spineless. 'Tarsi IIT and IV scopulated and with a

few spines.

Pedipalps—Femur with line of stiff bristles down centre. ‘Tibia

swollen basally and with small, almost semicircular hollow on under

surface anteriorly ; outer arch of latter well spined, especially pos-

teriorly. Bulb (‘Text-fig. 44) broadly reniform, process flattened

basally and curved out and upwards.

Measurements.—Carapace 4 mm. long, 3°56 mm. wide. Tibia [

32mm. Total length 9°5 mm.

No ? was taken at the same time, but the specimen seems to fit in

as the ¢ of I. kentanicus rather than of J. kolbei (Purc.), also from

Kentani. From the ¢ of the remaining Kentani species, I. spiricola,

it differs in most details. It is closely allied, however, to I. cregoei

from Durban; the palpal organ is similar but the process is slenderer

and not spatulate at its extremity ; the Ist metatarsus is more strongly

curved and the tibial spines somewhat stouter.

Gen. ANCYLOTRYPA, E. Sim.

ANCYLOTRYPA PUSILLA, Pure.

1903. A. pusilla, Purcell, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus, vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 27.

Specimens.—Two 99 (Nos. B 2608-9) from De Aar (S. C.

Schreiner and Dr. W. F. Purcell, 9/13), and 1 2 (No. 9454) from

Vilag Kop 5-6 miles north of Hanover (Schreiner, 10/01).

On Some South African Aviculariidae (Arachnida). 95

2. Carapace.—Cephalic portion very much raised, pale brown in

colour and with a line of long setae down the centre ; thoracic portion

more infuscated, especially posteriorly, to fovea; latter procurved.

Length of carapace equal to patella, tibia, and metatarsus and tarsus

of Ist leg; and to tibia, metatarsus, and about 1 tarsus of 4th lee.

Carapace considerably narrower opposite 3rd pair of legs.

Hyes.—Seen from above, hind margins of anterior row are in a

slightly recurved line, and anterior margins in a distinetly procurved

line; anterior medians small, round, and nearer to anterior laterals

than to each other. Anterior laterals large, oval, and oblique. Pos-

terior row strongly recurved ; medians slightly larger than laterals, and

almost circular but unsymmetrical in outline ; laterals slightly removed,

and oval. Ocular area at least 21 times as wide as long.

Abdomen long, broader posteriorly ; almost uniform dark olive-brown

in colour; lung operculae and genital plate lighter brown ; spinners

short and stout.

Sternum, coxae, ete., light brown in colour ; posterior sternal sigilla

oval, oblique, about their long diameter from the margin and opposite

ord coxae.

Labium about as long as broad and muticous. Coxae of pedipalps

with a few scattered denticles at base of anterior border.

Chelicerae stout; rastellum composed of very stout spines; the

2 anterior ones blunt and prominent, with a more inner inwardly

projecting smaller spine; groove with numerous denticles down centre,

and 6—7 teeth down inner border; hairs around mouth parts dull in

colour.

Legs.—Tarsi I and If scopulate and spineless. Tarsus IIL with

long, sparse, scopular-like hairs, and a row of 4 spines on each side of

upper surface, and a cluster of 3-4 spines on anterior surface distally.

Tarsus IV with long setose hairs, and with about 15 small spines on

under and anterior surface. Metatarsus I lightly scopulated, slightly

more densely at sides and bearing 3 apical spines, a median, and a

basal spine on under surface. Metatarsus IT similarly spined but

scarcely scopulated. Metatarsus III with 2 apical spines on under

surface, and a band of 10-11 small spines along each side of upper

surface ; and 2 apical spines on anterior surface. Metatarsus IV with

2 strong apical spines on basal and 2 on anterior surface ; 10-1] short

spines on anterior surface, and 1 apically on posterior surface. 'Tibiae

T and II with 4-5 spines in a line down centre. Tibia IIT with 5-6

spines in an irregular band down each side of upper surface. Tibia

IV with some setiform hairs on under surface, and a row of setae

along posterior side of upper surface. Patella IIT with a dense area

J6 Annals of the South African Museum.

of short reddish spines on anterior upper surface ; rest of upper surface

with strong setae. Femur IV with a dense row of moderately long

reddish spines on anterior and upper apical edge.

Measurements.—Carapace 4mm. long and 2°8 mm. wide. Chelicerae

to end of abdomen 14°5 mm.

ANCYLOTRYPA SPINOSA, Sim.

1889. Ancylotrypa spinosa, Simon, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. vol. 42, p. 407.

1892. Bolostromus spinosa, Simon, Hist. Nat. des Araign. 2 ed. vol. 1,

p. 100.

1897. Ancylotrypa spinosa, Pocock, P.Z.S. 1897, p. 732.

Specimens.— 9 (No. 4242) from Pt. Elizabeth (J.J. Drége, 1898).

As there is no corresponding ¢ the identification may be doubtful,

so the following description is provisional.

Carapace.—Light ochraceous brown; darker at sides of cephalic

portion; latter not so raised as in A. pusilla; otherwise the same as

in the latter. In length subequal to tibia and metatarsus of 4th leg,

and probably equal to tibia and metatarsus of Ist leg ; (anterior legs

damaged ).

Hyes.—Hind margins of anterior row in a straight to slightly

procurved line. Anterior medians closer together than in A. pusilla,

and equidistant from laterals. Posterior row recurved; laterals larger

than medians. Breadth of ocular area only slightly over twice its

length.

Abdomen.—Dull testaceous below and with uniform infuscation

above.

Sternum and coxae of legs light brown in colour; sigilla as in

pusilla.

Labium and coxae of pedipalps muticous.

Chelicerae.—Much as in pusilla; hairs around mouth parts reddish

in colour.

Legs.—Varsi I and II very slightly scopulated at sides, and spine-

less. Tarsus III with 3 small spines on posterior border of upper

surface, and 4-5 distally on under surface; rest of surface clothed

with long hairs. Tarsus [IV with long setose hairs and 7-8 small

spines on under surface distally. Metatarsus I with 3 apical, 1 mesial,

and 1 basal spines on under surface; fairly densely clothed and with a

few scopular hairs distally. Metatarsus IT similar but with longer

spines. Metatarsus III with 8 small spines on posterior side and 5-6

on anterior side of upper surface, the apical spines being longer and

curved; also 2 slender apical, and 1 or 2 other spines on under surface,

On Some South African Aviculariidae (Arachnida). 97

Metatarsus IV with 11-12 spines on under surface, the 2 central apical

ones being the strongest ; also 2 spines on posterior upper surface.

Tibia I with a weak line of setiform spines below; tibia IT similar but

stronger. Tibia ITI with 2 spines on posterior surface and 2-3 on

anterior surface. Tibia IV with several setiform spines on under surface.

Patella IIT with 20-24 spines on anterior surface, and 2 stouter spines

on posterior border of upper surface. Patella TV muticous.

Measurements.—Chelicerae to end of abdomen 11 mm. Leneth

of carapace 3°5 mm. ; breadth 2°7 mm.

Gren. HOMOSTOLA, E. Sim.

HomostToLa ZEBRINA, Pure.*

1902. H. zebrina, Purcell, Tr. 8. Afr. Phil. Soc. vol. 11, pt. 4, p. 359.

1903. a Purcell, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. vol. 3, pt. 4, p. 94.

1915. * Hewitt, Ann. Durban Mus. vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 130.

This species has been included by Hewitt as a synonym of Spiroc-

tenus (Ann. Durban Mus. vol. 1, pt. 3, pp. 221 and 223); on examining

the specimens in the Museum collection, and also two others from

localities noted below, it seems fairly clear that Purcell’s zebrina is

rightly referred to the genus Homostola; and further, that it is not

synonomous with Spiroctenus. Apart from the differences in size and

position of the posterior sternal sigilla (an important character), the

other characters such as scopulation of anterior metatarsi serve to

distinguish it.

Additional notes on 2.

Specimens.— 2 (No. B 1140) from Clairmont, Natal (H. W. Bell

Marley, 3/15); and 9 (No. 150506) from Howick, Natal (Dr. W. F.

Purcell, 9/05).

Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia, metatarsus, and tarsus of

Ist leg (in Pureell’s specimens, No. 8445 ex typis, Pietermaritzburg,

carapace slightly exceeds the above in length) ; also equal in length to

patella and tibia, and exceeding metatarsus and tarsus of 4th leg.

Chelicerae.—Dark red-brown, almost black in colour; rastellum

composed of a row of about 6 strong, fairly even teeth on the inner

side and stout bristles in continuation to the outer edge. Groove

armed with 10-11 teeth down the inner side, and a line of 6 teeth

diminishing in size to a few denticles down the outer side; a few

denticles in the groove between, basally.

Legs.—Metatarsus III with a comb of about 4 stout setiform bristles,

apically, on both anterior and posterior sides of the under surface.

* See p. 136.

98 Annals of the South African Museum.

Metatarsus TV has 2 stout apical spines on the under surface, and

between them is the Ist of a line of strong setae which runs down the

central under surface ; between this setal spine and the outer apical

spine is a small comb of 2-3 setae ; on the posterior (or inner) side of

the inner apical spine is a broad comb of 5-6 bristles (mentioned by

Hewitt in Ann. Durban Mus vol.i, pt. 2, p.130). Arrangement

of spines otherwise agrees with that given in Purcell’s description.

Anterior tarsi and metatarsi slightly flattened dorsoventrally ; meta-

tursi short.

Gen. SPIROCTENUS, E. Sim.

SPIROCTENUS CAMBIERAE, Pure. (Plate IX, fig. 3).

1902. Hermachastes cambierae, Purcell, Tr. S. Afr. Phil. Soe. vol. 11,

pt. 4, p. 369.

1903. Spiroctenus cambierae, Simon, Hist. Nat. des Araign. vol. 2,

p. 907.

Specimens.—3 gf and 1 ? from Caledon (Dr. W. F. Purcell, 7/10).

2 Colowr.—Carapace and legs dull brown, tinged with olive. Abdo-

men dark, almost black, both dorsally and ventrally; and with no

outstanding dorsal pattern, but with a narrow band of confluent dull

testaceous spots down the centre of the ventral surface ; lung operculae,

genital plate, and spinners about the same colour as the sternum, ete. ;

i.e. slightly lighter than the carapace. (The ¢@ is of the same

colour in general, though slightly browner; the type ¢ of Purcell’s

description appears also to have become slightly darker and less

ochraceous after years in spirits.)

Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia, metatarsus and }—} tarsus of

Ist leg; slightly exceeding metatarsus and tarsus, and equalling patella

and tibia of 4th leg. Fovea broad, deep, straight at the bottom, and

slightly procurved at the ends.

Eyes.—Anterior row with their centres in a straight line; medians

smaller than laterals. Posterior medians long, light, subequal to

laterals and almost touching them.

Equal in length to about + of sternum ; apical joint

Spinners.

short and blunt.

Labium with 4 teeth along its apical edge; coxae of pedipalps with

25 or more denticles. Chelicerae with 7 large teeth.

Pedipalps.—Tarsi with 1-2 spines on under side; tibia with about

10 moderately long spines on under surface.

Legs.—Tarsus of Ist leg unspined but scopulated ; metatarsus

slightly scopulated anteriorly, and with 5 spines on under surface ;

On Some South African Aviculariidae (Arachnida). 8)

2nd leg the same, save that the metatarsus has only 2 spines below

the outer apical one, and 1 weak one mesially below the inner apical

spine; neither legs have lateral or dorsal spines. Tarsi III and IV

scopulated but unspined. Metatarsi spined on all surfaces.

Measurements.—Length 17 mm. Carapace 5mm. long. Ist leg

12 mm., 4th 12°5 mm.

For palp of $ specimens, and for the arrangement of spines on tibia

avd metatarsus of Ist leg, see Plate IX, fig. 3.

SPIROCTENUS COLLINUS, Poc. (Plate IX, fig. 4 a-p).

1900. Hermachastes collinus, Pocock, A. M. N. H. (7), vol. 6, p. 319.

1902. 5 ‘a Pocock, A. M. N. H. (7), vol. 10, p. 15.

1902. . es Purcell; Tr. 8: Atr. Phil Soc. vol, Ul

pt. 4, p. 364.

1903. Spiroctenus collinus, Simon, Hist. Nat. des Araign. vol. 2, p. 907.

1903. Bemmeris pardalina, Simon, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 42.

1903. pA i Simon, Hist. Nat. des Araign. vol. 2, p. 896.

Additional Notes.

Specimens.—A number of ¢ ¢ and ? 2 from localities on the

Cape Peninsula.

The colouring of a g (No. B1128), which is probably newly

moulted, is as follows: Carapace ochraceous, with deep olive in-

fuscations in the cephalic region and posterior carapace, and to a

less extent in lateral radiations from the fovea. Legs pale ochraceous

below, infuscated above on femora, and browner from patellae

onwards. Pedipalps lighter and tinged olivaceous ; abdomen infus-

cated above, with testaceous markings posteriorly, bringing out central

and oblique dark lines. Abdomen with its sides and under surface

pale testaceous with a distinct green tinge; lung operculae and genital

plate darker and browner.

Carapace.—Fovea deep and slightly recurved.

Hyes.—Front row slightly procurved and equidistant; laterals

slightly larger than medians. Posterior row well recurved ; medians

subrotund and not touching laterals, which are more oblique.

Labium with 6-7 teeth; chelicerae with 8-9, and an outer row of

minute denticles towards base of groove (2-38 deep basally).

Pedipalps.—As in Plate LX, fig.4.a; general position as in B and c,

The apparent difference is caused by contortion of the palpal organ

(it occurs in other specimens), whereby a different aspect is presented

from that usually seen.

100 Annals of the South African Museum.

Spines.—Tibia and metatarsus I as in Plate IX, fig. 4p; this type of

spine arrangement on the tibia appears to be more common and less

distinctive amongst. the Spiroctenidae.

A 3 specimen (No. B 796) from Mouille Pt., Cape Town, is coloured

much the same, save that the abdomen is less green and more ochra-

ceous. Palps as in B and c. The colouring of the above specimens

has been noted, since the examples had been but a comparatively short

time in spirits before being examined, and so have undergone less

alteration.

Amended Description of Female.

Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia, metatarsus and + tarsus of

Ist leg ; slightly exceeding patella and tibia, and equal to or slightly

exceeding metatarsus and tarsus of 4th leg. Fovea straight.

Sternum.—Posterior sigilla oval and slightly less than their long

diameter from the margin.

Labium.—Armed with 2-4 teeth; coxae of pedipalps with about

30 teeth.

Chelicerae with 9-10 teeth and a double row of 15-16 denticles

towards the base.

Spines.——Tarsus of pedipalps with 2 spines on inner side and 2 on

outer; tibia with about 9 fine spines below. Metatarsus I with 3

spives down outer and 2 down inner side; tibia I with 2 long, fine

spines on outer side. Metatarsus II the same as I, but generally

with a line of setae down the centre also; both have only a few

scopular hairs distally. Tibia IL with a few fine spines and setae on

under surface; or in some cases with a double row of fine spines down

the centre.

All tarsi scopulated ; posterior ones more coarsely.

Tibia of Ist leg equal in length to the metatarsus.

Claws of Ist and 4th legs with 5 teeth on outer basal row, and 5 teeth

or more on the distal axial row.

Seventeen ? 2 (No. B 2583) from Sneeuwgat Valley (4000-5000 ft.),

Gt. Winterhoek Mountains, Tulbagh (R W. 'Tucker, 4/16), appear re-

ferable to this species also; unfortunately no @ was obtained, so

it cannot be determined whether the differences noted below are

sufficient to separate them as a different species. In colour and

appearance they coincide with collinus, though perhaps slightly

darker; and in most other characters they are identical. The

anterior legs of the Winterhoek specimens, however, are much longer

than in the above species, being equal to, or even greater in length

than, the 4th legs, the latter coinciding with Pocock’s measurements.

On Some South African Aviculariidae (Arachnida). 101

In consequence, the length of the carapace equals that of tibia and

metatarsus of lst leg alone.

The terminal joint of the spinners is almost hemispherical, and

shorter than in S. collinus. Also the posterior median eyes are

somewhat smaller and the anterior row is slightly more recurved.

Dentition and spination correspond throughout, though the latter

may be somewhat more robust.

Four ? ? specimens, not fully adult, taken by Dr. W. F. Purcell

and R. M. Lightfoot (8/03) at Tulbagh Road Station, agree even

more closely with S. collinus, since the front legs are normal in

length and the terminal joints of the spinners is longer. As this

species predominates on the Peninsula it may well have extended to

the Tulbagh Valley and environs.

SPIROCTENUS BROOMLI, N. sp.

Specumens.—Ten 2 2 (No. 15843 Types) from Stellenbosch. (Dr.

Broom, 9/10/04.) This distinct species was named by Dr. Purcell,

but no description of it published.

Colour.—Very dark. Carapace dark infuscated brown; upper

abdomen dull purplish black with faint testaceous flecks; under

abdomen slightly lighter; genital plate and lung operculae pale

brown. Sternum and coxae a lighter, redder brown than the carapace ;

legs dark, especially the anterior ones, the posterior ones being

slightly lighter. Patellae lighter and slightly redder.

Carapace.— Equal in length to the tibia, metatarsus and 4—} tarsus

of Ist leg, and exceeding the metatarsus and tarsus of 4th leg. Slightly

pilose posteriorly. Fovea as wide as or wider than the ocular tubercle ;

deep and slightly procuryed:

Hyes.—Posterior medians oval, slightly smaller than anterior

medians, equal to posterior laterals, and touching the latter. Posterior

laterals smaller than the anterior laterals.

Spinners stout ; equal in length to about 3 of the sternum; apical

segment subconical and about equal in length to } the median

segment.

Sternwm.—Posterior sternal sigilla oval, opposite anterior side of

3rd coxae, and about 4 their long diameter from the margin.

Labium.—With 4-5 stout teeth ; coxae of pedipalps with about 40

denticles.

Chelicerae.—With 9-10 teeth on the inner side, and an irregular

row of about 15 denticles towards outer side of the base of the groove.

Rastellum composed of long stout spines on the inner edge and long

stout bristles on the outer edge.

102 Annals of the South African Museum.

Legs-—Clothed with longish dark hairs, often bristle-like. 'Tarsi

scopulate and spineless. Metatarsus I with very few scopular hairs

anteriorly, and bearing 2 apical and 3 other spines on the under

surface ; metatarsus II with no scopular hairs, but with many bristly

ones ; 3 apical, and 3 other spines on lower surface; metatarsi IIT and

IV well spined. Patella IIT with 3 spines anteriorly, and clothed with

fairly stiff hairs ; patella [V with no spines or stout bristles.

Tarsal claws of 4th leg with 5—6 teeth on outer side towards base

(distal 3 large), and 4 in a more distal position on the axial side; Ist

leg with the usual S-shaped line of teeth, composed of 5 outer basal

ones and 5 inner or axial ones, very much smaller in size.

Measurements.—Chelicerae to end of abdomen 20°5 mm. ; spinners

26mm. Carapace 7 mm. long and 5 mm. wide; sternum 3°5 mm.

long and 3 mm. wide. One specimen, larger than the rest, had

measurements as follows: Length 25 mm.; spinners 3°25 mm.; cara-

pace 7°5 mm. long and 5°25 mm. wide; sternum 4 mm. long and 3°6

wide. ‘The spination was also slightly stronger. ‘This species is

remarkably like in appearance—colour, size, etc.—to a number of

Hermacha (see under H. nigra), collected by Dr. Broom at the same

place and date.

According to the collector, the tubes of these specimens had low

turrets round their openings, and interiorly had a looping passage

connecting the lower with the upper end.

SPIROCTENUS PILOSUS, 0. Sp.

Specimens.— One 2 (Type, No. B250), from Smithfield, Orange

Free State (Dr. Kannemeyer).

This specimen has been named provisionally in the absence of

further material, since little is known of the Orange Free State

Spiroctenidae ; and the example certainly differs from the Cape ? 9.

Colour.—Carapace medium brown; cephalic portion infuscated,

especially along median and lateral lines; slight infuscate radiations

from fovea ; abdomen of specimen rather crushed ; sternum and coxae

of legs ochraceous brown, slightly redder anteriorly; labium dark ;

chelicerae red-brown below, darker above; femora of legs ochraceous,

tinged olivaceous above, and from patella onwards ochraceous brown,

becoming slightly redder distally.

Carapace.—Ornamented with fine, rather scattered hairs, which are

more numerous posteriorly. Equal in length to tibia and metatarsus

of Ist leg, and exceeding metatarsus and tarsus, and also patella and

tibia of 4th leg. Metatarsus of Ist leg subequal in length to the

tibia. Fovea slightly procurved.

On Some South African Aviculariidae (Arachnida). 103

Eyes.—Anterior row procurved ; laterals much larger than medians,

oval, and oblique; posterior row recurved, medians slightly smaller

than the laterals and touching them.

Chelicerae.—Inner margin of groove with 9 teeth; outer margin

with 9-10 denticles towards base, the anterior ones being equal to

small teeth in size.

Labium.—Convex anteriorly, and bearing a few spine-like hairs.

Coxae of pedipalps with about 30 teeth, each set in a small circular

cup. Rastellum composed of stout spines.

Sternum, coxae, and legs covered with fine, long dark hairs; the

abdomen also appears well clothed. Posterior sternal sigilla long,

oval, opposite 3rd pair of legs, and less than their long diameter from

the margin. Tarsi scopulate ; posterior ones coarsely.

Spines.—'Tarsi of palps with 2 small spines anteriorly, and 2 along

inner side of under surface; tibiae with 8-9 fine spines on under

surface. ‘T'arsi spineless. Metatarsus I with 3 apical spines and 2

others in line below on outer side of under surface. Metatarsus IL

the same, with sometimes an extra spine on the outer edge and a

mesial spine on the inner edge of the under surface. Tibia I with 0-1

spines about the centre of the under surface; tibia IL with 1 spine

mesially on under surface; tibia IIT short and stout, with 3-4

spines on upper anterior surface, and with some setiform spines on

under surface. Upper surfaces of patellae IIIT and IV, especially IV,

furnished with stout reddish bristles. Anterior side of femur of 4th

leg armed apically with spinule-like bristles, which on the upper edge

are reddish in colour.

Tarsal claws of 4th leg bearing 4 strong teeth at the base on outer

side, and | tooth and 2 smaller denticles anteriorly on the axial side ;

the claws of the 4th leg armed with 5-6 basal teeth on the outer side,

and 4 teeth on the axial side distally.

Measurements.—Length (abdomen damaged) probably about, or

over, 20 mm. Carapace 7 mm. long, 6'4mm. wide. Ist leg 18°5 mm..

long, 3rd 12°5 mm., and 4th 14 mm. long.

SPIROCTENUS VALIDUS, Pure. (Plate IX, fig. 5).

1902. Hermachastes validus, Purcell, Tr. S. Afr. Phil. Soc. vol. 11,

p. 367.

1903. Spiroctenus validus, Simon, Hist. Nat. des Araign. vol. 2,

p. 907.

Specimens.—T'wo g and one ?, Caledon (No. 150,408). Dr. W. F.

Purcell, 7/10.

104. Annals of the South African Museum.

$ Colour less red and more olivaceous than type of S. validus

(Pure.); carapace similarly infuscated, legs more ochraceous and

femora not so dark; tibiae and metatarsi ochraceous brown;

infuscated spots above spinners on ventral surface are large.

Palps.—As in Plate IX, fig. 5a, B, and oc.

Legs.—Spination of under surface of tibia and metatarsus of Ist

leg (right-hand side) as in Plate IX, fig. 5 p.

Measurements.—Total length 14 (excludiug spinners). Carapace

64; Ist leg 18 mm., 4th leg 21; the specimens are thus smaller than

the types from Ashton.

? Agrees more in colour with the immature specimens of S. validus.

Other specimens taken from Caledon by Dr. Purcell at the same

time have been referred to S. validus. Of these, one calls for note,

since in appearance it resembles Stictogaster reticulatus (Pure.) ; its

sternal sigilla correspond to Spiroctenus, but in many respects it

varies from that genus. It has 12 teeth on the interior border of

cheliceral grooves and 13 small teeth or denticles on outer border

towards centre; the labium has 4 strong teeth, and the coxae of the

pedipalps about 60; the tarsi of the pedipalps are spined. The

length of the carapace exceeds the tarsus and metatarsus of 4th leg

and equals the tibia, metatarsus and about } tarsus of Ist leg; in

this it agrees with S. flavopunctatus, which it also resembles in

abdominal markings, but greatly exceeds in size. A similar specimen,

though shorter in carapace, has been identified as S. validus, by

Purcell, from Montague Baths, Caledon. It is recorded of one of

the Caledon specimens that the nest is Y-shaped and has a turret

similar to that constructed by S. collinus.

SPIROCTENUS GOOLDI, Pure.

1903. Hermachastes gooldi, Purcell, Ann. S. Afr. Mus. vol. 8, pt. 4,

Digo:

Specimens.— $ (No. B 2341). St. James. Cape Peninsula. (Cyril

French, 7/09). This example differs from either of the Peninsula

species, collinus and lightfooti, but agrees in size and proportions,

palp and spination (with slight variations), with the type specimen

of S. gooldi. In appearance it is darker in colour, and slightly

stouter.

To the description of gooldi may be added—

Carapace equal in length to 4th metatarsus and subequal to patella

and tibia and to metatarsus and tarsus of Ist leg; in this it coincides

with S. collinus, but differs from 8S. tricalearatus (Pure.), to which

On Some South African Aviculariidae (Arachnida). 105

it is closely allied in palpal organ and spination. In ftricalcaratus

the carapace equals metatarsus and } tarsus of 4th leg and is less

than patella and tibia, and metatarsus and tarsus of Ist leg.

Spinners equal in length to } of sternum, as in tricalearatus ; in

collinus the spinners are the same length as sternum.

Labium and coxae of pedipalps are muticous.

Chelicerae with 8 teeth and a few minute scattered denticles.

SPIROCTENUS PURCELLI, n.sp. Plate IX, fig. 6 a, B, and c).

Specimens.— $ (Type No. 150,472), Simonstown. (Dr. W. F.

Purcell, 4/10).

Colouwr.—Carapace and upper surface of femora dark ochraceous

brown. Cephalic portion slightly darker, with a line down centre

to fovea; under surface of femora lighter and tinged with olive;

legs slightly browner and darker distally; palps lighter distally and

tinged with olive. Entire under surface ochraceous; upper surface

of abdomen strongly infuscated, especially anteriorly; posteriorly,

infuscation takes the form of a central dark line and 3 to 4 distinct

oblique dark lines branching from it; sides of abdomen clear ochraceous ;

small dark spot on under abdomen below each posterior spinner.

Carapace.—Equal in length to patella and * tibia of Ist leg, or

to metatarsus and } tarsus of Ist leg, and equals £ metatarsus IV.

Fovea deep and very strongly recurved.

Hyes.—Front row well procurved and large; medians round, laterals

oval, larger, and equidistant. Posterior row recurved; medians oval,

shghtly smaller than laterals and touching them.

Lubium and coxae of pedipalps muticous; chelicerae with 9 teeth,

Posterior spinners equal in leneth to | sternum; posterior joint just

less than } subapical joint.

Pedipalps.—As in Plate IX, fig. 6 a and B.; ef. S. collinus (Pure.).

Legs.—Tarsi muticous (may have small spinules below). Scopulae

divided by line of setae in every case; setal band of IV being broad

and merging with scopula. The lines of setae down tarsi I and II

are continued down the metatarsi, which are scopulated distally

over 3 to 4 of their length. Metatarsus I fairly strongly curved ;

spined below, as in Plate IX, fig. 6c. Tibia I as in Plate IX, fig. 6c.

Metatarsus II with 1 apical spine on inner edge, 1 below it mesially ;

3 spines down inner side and one in centre of outer side; also, one

on upper surface below centre.

Measurements.—Total length 19°5 mm., excluding spinners; 21°6

including them. Carapace, 6 mm. long, 4°75 wide, Ist leg 20-5;

4th leg 25 mm.

106 Annals of the South African Museum.

Gren. HERMACHA, E. Sim.

HERMACHA CURVIPES, Pure.

1902. Hermacha curvipes, Purcell, Tr. S. Afr. Phil. Soe. vol. 11, pt. 4,

p. 377.

Specimens.—Numerous ? 2? from Simonstown; collected by Dr.

W. F. Purcell.

2? Colour medium brown; carapace and legs syncolorous, chelicerae

slightly darker; abdomen dull testaceous brown on upper surface,

with moderately distinct tree pattern; under surface yellowish-brown ;

whole of abdomen covered with long yellowish-brown hairs.

Carapace covered with appressed, golden silky hairs; fovea straight

and about as wide as ocular tubercle. Length of carapace equal to

metatarsus and tarsus of 4th leg; also equals tibia, metatarsus and >

tarsus of Ist leg.

Hyes.—Anterior row with hind margins in a straight line, and front

margins slightly procurved; anterior medians about % their own

diameter apart; laterals elongate and about a median’s diameter from

margin. Posterior row recurved; medians small, ovate, and almost

touching laterals. Posterior laterals longer and equal in area to

anterior laterals.

Labium with 0-2 denticles.

Chelicerae with 9 teeth (occasionally with 1] on one chelicera) ; and

a row of irregular, fairly numerous denticles at base of groove. Coxae

of pedipalps with large area of denticles (about 90), distal ones

scattered.

Spinners.—Posterior spinners long; equal in length to sternum and

twice labium and also from fovea to front edge of carapace or over.

Distal segment long and slender, as long as basal segment and slightly

longer than middle segment ; anterior spinners about their own length

apart.

Sternum and coxae yellowish-brown and well clad with darker brown

hairs, which are stiffer around margin of sternum. Posterior sigilla

nearly touching margin; long and oval.

Spines.—Pedipalps: tibiae with 4 apical, 2 mesial and 2 basal spines

on under surface and | on inner side. ‘Tarsi with no spines. Meta-

tarsus | with 2 apical, 1 mesial, and 1 basal spines on under surface.

Metatarsus II with 5-7 spmes on under surface, and 1] large median

Spine on upper inner surface. Metatarsus III heavily spined, espe-

cially on outer and upper surfaces. Metatarsus [V also well spined,

On Some South African Aviculariidae (Arachnida). LO?

but somewhat irregularly ; apical spines large, particularly imner one,

which is long and curved.

Scopula entire on Ist and 2nd metatarsi; absent on 38rd and 4th

save for a few scopular hairs and setae on 8rd. Tarsi are all scopu-

late ; that of 2nd leg has a narrow band of very fine setae, and 3rd

and 4th have a distinct band of setae down centre.

Measurements.—Length of carapace 7 mm., breadth 5. Chelicerae

to end of abdomen 17°5 mm.; spinners 5 mm.; tibia I, 3 mm. long

(equal to metatarsus and about 4 tarsus), Ist leg 17 mm., 4th leg

19 mm. long.

This species occurs elsewhere in the Peninsula, occasionally with

sheht differences as noted. |

S&S. 2? and jv. (B 2342) from St. James (C. French, 7/09) ; specimens

smaller than type and spinners shghtly shorter; ¢ otherwise identical,

though tibia of palp is shorter and stouter, and carapace is slightly

longer relatively to legs, and relatively broader; spinners also equal

sternum and labium only, and do not reach to front of carapace.

Pedipalp also with one or two extra spines on inner side of tibia.

Also ¢ and jv. ?, Platteklip Ravine. (W. F. Purcell, 6/10 and

1900). Juvenile specimens from Newlands (Skeleton Ravine) and

Wynberg Hill appear referable also to H. curvipes.

HeERMACHA BICOLOR, Poc. (Text-fig. 5 a and B).

1897. Brachythele bicolor, Pocock, P.Z 8. 1897, pp. 735 and 736.

1898. Brachythele bicolor, Pocock, A.M.N.H. (7) vol..ii, p. 199.

1902. Brachytheliscus bicolor, Pocock, A.M.N.H. (7), vol. x, p. 317.

1915. Hermacha bicolor, Hewitt, Ann. Durban Mus. vol. i. pt. 2,

pp. 125-7.

Specimens 1 g and 2 2 9 (Nos. B 888 and 889) from Stella Bush

(Durban), Natal. (H. Bell-Marley, 1/1915). ¢, 4 99, and 4

jv. 2 (No. 150, 710) trom near Port Shepstone, Natal (Dr. and Mrs.

Purcell, 9/05).

The females agree with Pocock’s description, except in the propor-

tion of the carapace to the legs ; the length of the carapace equals that

of the tibia, metatarsus and 2 tarsus of Ist leg, and slightly exceeds

the metatarsus and tarsus of 4th leg; there is also the usual row of

small denticles in grooves of chelicerae, which may have been overlooked

by Pocock. The bicolor markings are also more olive and orange than

black and red; this may be due to the relative ages of the specimens.

The male differs shghtly from Hewitt’s description in that meta-

tarsus I is curved (though distinct from H. curvipes) and metatersus II

108 Annals of the South African Museum.

is slender and also slightly curved; the arrangement of spines also

differs somewhat (spination is hardly a sure character, since it often

varies on the corresponding legs of the same specimen; further the

spines are too apt to get rubbed off, and the scar left may be easily

overlooked).

The fovea is deep and slightly recurved at ends.

Posterior sternal sigilla are large, oval, and nearly touching margin.

Anterior sigilla practically touching margin.

Bulb of pedipalp as in Text-fig. 5 xB.

Fig. 5.—Hermacha bicolor, Poe. Right hand palp from outer side.

In the Port Shepstone specimens the ¢ has longer and more nume-

rously spined front legs, but is not apparently distinct from bicolor.

Metatarsi I and II are not so much curved as in the Stella Bush

specimens, nor are the tarsi so nearly white underneath. The bulb of

pedipalp (see Text-fig. 5a) appears distinct from the Stella Bush

specimen (fig. B); the difference, however, is due to torsion ; viewed

differently, they are the same.

Of the females 2 have much lighter legs, but do not differ in struc-

tural characters from the darker ones, and are presumably the same

species ; in all, however, the bicolor markings are not very pronounced ;

the measurements also are not fully in accord with those given by

Pocock. There seem, however, no adequate grounds for separating

the Port Shepstone specimens from the species.

A small g and a young ? (No. 150,504 and 150,627) from

On Some South African Aviculariidae (Arachnida). 109

Howick, Natal (W. F. Purcell, 9/05), also appear to belong to

H. bicolor ; although very small (total length 8°5 mm., spinners 2 mm.,

carapace 4 mm. long and 3 wide) the ¢ agrees with the Port Shepstone

specimen. The ? has no bicolor markings and is fairly indeterminable.

Asarule 2 Hermacha have so much in common that the separa-

tion or identification of specimens, in the absence of a @, is a matter

of great uncertainty. The fact that the ¢ ¢ have much clearer

specific characters may be due to their free and active life, whereas

the ? 9, which live a sedentary life in similarly constructed tubes,

generally in a uniform tpye of soil, are naturally more level in character

and generally blended together. No doubt the @ differentiations in

character are also transmitted in degree to the 2 2, which, with

individual and distributional variation, may account for the distinctions

which can be made specific in the 2 whenthe ¢ is known.

HERMACHA FULVUS, n. sp. (Text-fig. 6).

Specimens—One ¢ (No. 150,406) from Caledon (Dr. W. F.

Purcell, 7/10).

Carapace.—Light mahogany-brown in colour, covered with appressed

yellow hairs, longer at border of carapace, which is dark-edged ; fovea

shallow and sub-rotund; cephale portion scarcely raised, grooves

shallow. Equal in length to metatarsus and 7 to ¢ of tarsus of

4th leg; also equal or subequal to metatarsus and tarsus of Ist leg,

and equal to tibia and patella of 2nd leg.

Hyes.—F ront row with their centres in a straight line; posterior

laterals smaller than anterior laterals; medians oval and touching

laterals.

Abdomen dark brown, covered with short golden brown hairs

above and below and with longer, stiffer dark ones above; spots or

pattern practically invisible. Under surface ochraceous.

Spinners pale ochraceous, equal in length to the sternum; mode-

rately stout; penultimate joint shorter than apical or basal joint ;

inferior spinners short and about their own diameter apart.

Sternum pale orange-brown, slightly darker at border; posterior

sternal sigilla small, less than long diameter from margin. Coxae

same general colour as sternum; both covered with moderately long

dark hairs; the coxae have in addition a slight yellow pubescence.

Coxae of pedipalps with a strip of 80-35 denticles. Labium

muticous.

Chelicerae armed with stiff black hairs at apices; rastellum of

moderately short bristles. Inner side of groove with 6-7 teeth, some-

what scattered, and 1 or 2 denticles lower down in groove.

110 Annals of the South African Museum.

Legs.—Clothed with yellow pubescence and longer fine dark hairs ;

under sides paler with olivaceous tinge, especially on femora. Meta-

tarsus of Ist leg similar to H. curvipes; considerably curved and

much narrower at base.

Pedipalps.—Tibia with 2 spines on outer side anteriorly ; 2 under-

neath on outer side towards middle, 2 inside underneath by bulb, and

3 on the inner side towards apex. Bulb somewhat pear-shaped,

tapering toa hard dark style which curves slightly out and up, and

reaches about ? way down the tibia (Text-fig. 6).

Spines.—Tarsus and metatarsus of Ist leg spineless, or with at

most one spine on under side of metatarsus; tibia has a very stout

curved spine on outer side at apex, and 2 others towards the centre ;

0-1 basal spines on outer under surface, 1-2 spines on inner under

Fia. 6.—Hermacha fulvus, n.sp. Right hand pedipalp, outer side.

surface and 2 on inner side. Metatarsus IT with 0-1 spines at apex

and 1-2 on outer side of under surface. Metatarsi III and IV heavily

and somewhat irregularly spined.

Scopula on tarsus and metatarsus of both Ist and 2nd legs fairly

dense and undivided; scopula on tarsus of 5rd leg undivided ; meta-

tarsus scopulated over nearly } its length; scopula on tarsus of 4th

leg divided by a band of setae; metatarsus with setose, but with no

scopular hairs.

Measurements.—Total length 13 mm.; spinners 2°9 mm. ; carapace

6 mm. long and 4-2 mm. wide.

HERMACHA NIGRA, 0. sp.

Specimens.—Two 9? 3 (Types, No. 13,899), Bergvleit Flats, Cape

Peninsula (Dr. W. F. Purcell, 9/04); 15 ? 9 and jv. (No. 12,166).

Beregvleit Flats, Cape Peninsula (Dr. W. F. Purcell, 10/02).

Carapace-—Dark mahogany brown with sparse short yellowish

hairs, somewhat denser towards the hinder portion. Equal in length

On Some South African Aviculuriidae (Arachnida). |

to tibia, metatarsus, and !—! tarsus of the Ist leg, and equal to or

exceeding the metatarsus and tarsus of the 4th leg. Fovea straight.

Eyes.—F ront row slightly procurved; anterior medians small and

about their own diameter apart; anterior laterals more than this

diameter from the anterior margin of the carapace. Posterior

medians oval and touching laterals, which are subequal to the

anterior laterals.

Abdomen.-—Dull olive black-brown, with longer fawn-coloured hairs ;

no difference between the upper and under abdomen, save in some

cases a faint tree pattern on the upper surface.

Spinners.—Just exceeding sternum in length; distal segment

lighter brown and slightly longer than the preceding one ; anterior

spinners lighter and about their own length apart.

Sternum and coxae very dark mahogany colour (coxae slightly the

lighter), and clothed with almost black pubescence ; posterior sternal

sigilla large; less than their own long diameter from the margin.

Labium with 0-2 denticles. Coxae of pedipalps with extensive

patch of fine denticles at base. Hair fringing mouth parts rufous in

colour.

Chelicerae.—Under surface almost red; inner groove bearing 9

teeth.

Legs.—Slightly lighter in colour, particularly on upper surface

from patella onwards; the latter being lighter and redder than the

rest, thus giving a slight bicolour appearance. \ Tibia I equal in length

to metatarsus and about 1 of tarsus.

Tarsi I and IL with no setal bands; tarsus III with a line of setae

down centre, and tarsus IV with a broad band of setae.

Metatarsus I with scopula entire, and with 2 apical, | mesial, and

1 basal spines on under surface. Metatarsus II with the scopula

very thin to absent on the lower half; 2 apical and 5 other spines on

the under surface ; 1 small spine on the inner side and sometimes 1]

above. Metatarsi III and IV with a few scopular hairs and setae -

distally on under surface.

Measurements.—Chelicerae to end of abdomen 17 mm.; carapace

6 mm. long and 4 mm. wide; spinners 3 mm. long; length of Ist leg

14 mm. ; of 4th, 16 mm.

A ? specimen (No. 150,433) from Caledon agrees with H. nigra

in all details save size, and in carapace being considerably longer than

tarsus and metatarsus of 4th leg.

Measurements.—Leneth 26 mm. ; carapace 8°5 mm. long and 6 mm.

wide ; spinners 4.5 mm. and tibia I, 5mm. long. It might possibly

bea 2 from a previous season.

112 Annals of the South African Museum.

A number of 2 specimens (No. 3890) from Knysna are also

remarkably close to H. nigra, but vary in a few details. In the

absence of ¢ ¢ in any of the cases it is impossible to definitely name

the species from Caledon or Knysna as H. nigra, but it is possible

that they may be.

A number of 2 specimens (No. 13842) from Stellenbosch strongly

resemble H. nigra, and are also apparently closely allied to it ; it is no

doubt a young example of this species which was described by Simon

as Damarchodes purcelli (Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1908, No. 3, p. 43) ; the

description, however, is of a juvenile, and is based mainly on colour

and lacks specific details.

Damarchodes is considered by Purcell to be synonymous with

Hermacha ; Hewitt, however, thinks it allied to Pelmatorycter (Aun.

Durban Mus. vol. 1, pt. 3, p. 224).

HERMACHA NIGRISPINOSUS, Nn. sp. (Text-fig. 7).

Specimens.— 8 (Type, No. B 2593) and 20 9 @ from around

Sneeuweat Valley (4000-4800 ft.). Gt. Winterhoek Mountains,

Tulbagh (R. W. Tucker, April, 1916).

3. Colowr.—Carapace very dark mahogany-brown, darker towards

margin, clothed with fairly dense yellow pubescence save in centre

from around fovea to ocular tubercle; legs and pedipalps very dark ;

posterior pair shghtly lighter, especially distally ; tarsi heht on under

surface. Abdomen almost black ; upper surface with yellow pubescence

and sparse longer black hairs; under surface shehtly lighter ; genital

plate and lung operculae on under side lighter brown. In spirits

abdomen is seen to be spotted, especially on sides. Coxae ‘of legs

brown with olivaceous tinge ; sternum and coxae of pedipalps reddish-

brown.

Carapace.—Equal in length to metatarsus and } tarsus of 4th leg;

equal to metatarsus and tarsus of Ist leg and slightly shorter than

tibia and patella. Fovea straight.

Hyes.—Anterior medians about $ of their own diameter apart ;

laterals larger, broadly oval, oblique, and less than } a median’s diameter

from them. Posterior laterals narrowly ovate, subequal in length to

anterior laterals ; posterior medians oval, slightly less than ! laterals

and nearly touching them.

Labium.—Muticous. Coxae of pedipalps with about 34 teeth.

Chelicerae with 7 teeth (2 in outer row).

Posterior spinners about % length of sternum; distal segment

conical, equal to or slightly exceeding middle sezment; sternal sigilla

indistinct,

On Some South African Aviculariidae (Arachnida). 1138

Pedipalps—Femur and patella well clad in black hairs; former

with a spine on outer and inner sides apically ; latter with spine-like

hairs and 1 weak spine on upper apical surface.

Tibia with 2 spines anteriorly above and 2 posteriorly below on outer

side; on inner side, 2 spines anteriorly above and 5 anteriorly below ;

1 spine posteriorly below; on upper and under surfaces, no spines

(1 apparently on anterior under surface included in side spines).

Spines black and stout.

Palpal organ.—Process of bulb black, stout, compressed laterally,

slightly spatulate at end, and curving out and up (Text-fig. 7).

Legs.—Metatarsus I bent as in H. curvipes. Metatarsi IT, IL,

and IV straight. Tarsislightly curved upwards in centre except on Ist

Fia. 7.—Hermacha nigrispinosus, n. sp. Rieht pedipalp, outer side.

leg. Tarsi entirely scopulate. Metatarsus 1 scopulate on anterior half.

Metatarsus IT scopulate on anterior %; remaiming + with sparse

scopular hairs. Metatarsus IIT scopulate on distal 3. Metatarsus TV

with a few scopular hairs distally.

Spines.—TVibiae and metatarsi fairly heavily armed with strong

black spines and clothed in stout black hair, often setiform.

Metatarsus I spineless. Metatarsus IT with 1 median and 1 pos-

terior spine on inner surface and with 2 spines posteriorly on outer

side of under surface. Tibia I with no spines above, 2 on inner side

posteriorly, none on outer side; 1 stout apical spur-like spine, 2 median

and 2 posterior spines on outer under surface and 2 spines on inner

under surface posteriorly.

Patella I with 1 anterior and | posterior spine on inner surface,

Patella IL with 8 anterior spines on inner surface,

114 Annals of the South African Museum.

Patella IIT with 2 small spines on anterior surface and 1 on posterior

surface.

Patella TV with 1 median spine on posterior surface.

Measurements.—Votal length (chelicerae to end of abdomen) 20 mm. ;

spinners 2°5 mm.; carapace 7 mm. long, 5°75 mm. broad.

2. Colour asin g; abdomen distinctly marked above and at sides

with testaceous flecks, and also to a lesser degree on ventral surface.

Sternum and coxae slightly redder in colour ; tarsi not paler below.

Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia, metatarsus and 2 to + tarsus

of Ist leg ; equal to tarsus and metatarsus of 4th leg.

Eyes.—Asin Q.

Labium.—Generally muticous ; occasionally with 1 or 2 denticles.

Cozxae of pedipalps with 50-54 teeth (variable).

Chelicerae.—Usually with 8 teeth on inner side of groove, and 2 to

3 denticles in groove opposite last 3 teeth; one or two specimens have

9 to 10 teeth on one chelicera.

Posterior spinners + to + length of sternum ; terminal joint bluntly

conical and slightly longer than subterminal joint.

Legs.—Tibia I equal to or slightly exceeding metatarsus 1 ; slightly

less than tibia of 4th leg.

Tarsi I and IT densely scopulate. Tarsus III with faint central

line of setae. Tarsus IV with broad dividing line of setae.

Metatarsus I scopulate entirely ; 1 spine on lower surface. Meta-

tarsus IT scopulate entirely, 1 apical, 0-1 median, and 1-3 basal spines

on lower surface. Metatarsus IV with a few scopular hairs distally

and with 14 spines. Patella IIT with 1 to 2 small spines on anterior

surface; rest of the patellae are spineless. Patella IV occasionally has

a spine on posterior surface.

Measurements.—Total length 22°5 mm.; spinners 3-4 mm.; leneth

of carapace 9 mm., width 7 mm. ; tibia of Ist leg 4 mm. long,

HERMACHA PURCELLI, n. sp. (Text-fig. 8).

Specimens.—Two g (B 2670, Types) from Ashton, Robertson Div.

(Walter and Dr. W. F. Purcell), 7/14 anda ? (No. 12395) from same

locality (Dr. Purcell, 11/02).

S Colowr.—Carapace and legs dark brown; abdomen testaceous

brown above, spotted and flecked with black ; under surface testaceous.

Sternum light orange-brown ; coxae slightly lighter.

Carapace.—Equal in length to metatarsus and } tarsus IV; also

equals tibia and metatarsus I, and considerably exceeds metatarsus

and tarsus I, Fovea straight to slightly procurved,

On Some South African Aviculariidae (Arachnida). 115

Eyes.—Anterior row procurved ; medians large and about a radius

apart ; laterals oval, only slightly larger and less than a medians

radius from latter. Posterior medians smaller than posterior laterals

and touching them.

Spinners.— About * of the sternum in length ; apical jomt longer

than sub-apical.

Labium about 3 times as wide as long, and muticous. Coxae of

pedipalps with a basal patch of about 30 teeth. Chelicerae with 7

teeth on inner side, and one large denticle in groove. Posterior

sternal sigilla long, oval, fairly deeply impressed, and about their

own long diameter from margin,

Pedipalps.—Femur with a spine anteriorly on each side of upper

Fig. 8 —Hermacha purcelli, n. sp. Left pedipalp, inner side.

surface. Patella with one spine anteriorly on inner surface. ‘Tibia

with 4 strong spines on inner surface and 5 on outer, and with a few

stout setose hairs on under surface ; tarsus unspined. Tibia hollowed

on under side anteriorly ; bulb large and swollen; process slightly

curved down and out, flattened dorso-ventrally and tending to be

spatulate at its extremity (Text-fig. 8).

Legs.—Metatarsus I with distal } stouter, and curved downwards

and slightly outwards. Metatarsus IL slightly curved, IIT and IV

straight ; I and II paler distally.

Scopulation—Tarsi I and II with scopulae undivided ; IIT with

narrow dividing line of long setae; IV with a very broad dividing

line of strong setae. Metatarsus I scopulate over distal 3, Hl over

distal 2; III with scopular hairs on distal }, IV with setose hairs.

Spines.—Tarsi I, II, and IIIT unspimed; IV with 0-1 spines on

anterior side distally. Metatarsus I with 1 small apical and 1-2

116 Annals of the South African Museum.

stouter spmes on under surface. Metatarsus II with 1-2 apical, 3

stout spines on under surface basally and 3 on inner upper surface ;

IIT and LV heavily spined. All femora spined on upper surface.

Measurements.— Length of carapace just over 7 mm., width 5°3 mm.,

chelicerae to end of abdomen 16mm. ; tibia I 3°6mm., slightly exceeding

metatarsus I in length; tibia IT slightly less than metatarsus IT.

2 Colour.—Carapace and legs dark to medium. brown; under

surface as in ¢ but shghtly browner.

Carapace.—Slightly shorter than tibia, metatarsus, and tarsus ‘of

Ist leg, and subequal to tibia and metatarsus of 4th leg. Fovea

shehtly procurved.

Hyes.—Anterior medians less than a diameter apart, but a diameter

or more from the anterior laterals which are a long oval and larger

in area; posterior row with medians smaller than laterals, and

touching them.

Spinners.—Equal in leneth to * of sternum; apical joint slightly

shorter than subapical.

Labium muticous; coxae of pedipalps with 25-30 teeth at base

anteriorly.

Chelicerae with 8 teeth on inner side and | large derticle in groove

towards base. Posterior sternal sigilla oval, about their long

diameter from margin, and fairly deeply impressed; median sigilla

in form of a semicircular impression on margin of carapace opposite

2nd coxae,

Pedipalps.—Yarsi scopulate and with 2-3 spines basally on under

surface. ‘Tibia with 4 apical and 4 other spines on under surface and

1 median spine on inner surface ; femur and patella unspined.

Legs.—Varsi I and I with scopulae undivided ; III with band of

dividing setae; IV with broader band of stronger setae down centre.

Metatarsi I and If scopulate to base; IIT with scopular hairs on

distal 3; IV with no scopular hairs but with numerous setae. Tibia I

longer than metatarsus I.

Spines.—Tarsi unspined. Metatarsus I with 2 apical, and 5 spines

basally on under surface; metatarsus IIT similar but with an extra

apical spine, and a median spine on inner surface; metatarsus III with

6-7 apical and 11 other spines; metatarsus IV heavily spined,

especially at apex. Patella HII with 3 spines on anterior surface, set

ina patch of short stout bristles. Femora unspined, but with 1 or 2

long bristles proximally on upper surface.

Measurements.—Total length 19°4 mm.; carapace 7 mm. long,

4-5 mm. wide; spinners 3°3 mm., and sternum about 3:9 mm. long ;

tibia I, 2:8 mm. long.

to]

On Some South African Aviculariidae (Arachnida). IULe,

Gren. PIONOTHELE, Pure.

PIONOTHELE STRAMINEA, Pure.

1902. P. straminea, Purcell, Tr. 8. Afr. Phil. Soc. vol. 11, pt. 4, p. 381.

1903. 2) Simon, Hist. Nat. des Araign. vol. 2, p. 907.

Specimens.— § and 2 (No. 11,707) Stompneus, St. Helena Bay,

Malmesbury Division (J. Gould, 5/02).

2? Carapace.—Light mahogany-brown in colour, with slightly darker

radiating stripes; cephalic portion lighter in colour and raised. Equal

in length to, or slightly exceeding, tibia, metatarsus and tarsus of Ist

leg; longer than metatarsus and tarsus of Ist leg, and equal to tibia,

metatarsus and tarsus of 2nd leg (on the other side, however, it only

equals the tibia and { of the metatarsus; the same side of the specimen

is also less heavily spined, as noted below). Fovea very slightly pro-

curved and wider than the ocular tubercle.

Hyes.—Anterior row slightly procurved (seen from above) ; medians

large, sulequal to laterals, and quite their own diameter apart ; laterals

subrotind. Posterior row straight to shehtly recurved ; laterals much

smaller than anterior laterals and about their own long diameter from

them: medians exceedingly small and nearly touching laterals.

Abdomen.—Dull testaceous brown in colour, spotted above, very

shehtly lighter underneath and with sparse long brown hairs.

Spinners.—Equal in length to ~ of the sternum; stout and sub-

conical; terminal joint very short and with stiff bristly hairs at apex.

Sternum.—Broad posteriorly, narrowing anteriorly.

Labium muticous ; coxae of pedipalps with a narrow strip of about

20 teeth.

Chelicerae with a row of 6 teeth, and 2 or 5 inner denticles.

Legs.—Slightly lighter than carapace in colour. Tibia of Ist leg

equal in length to the metatarsus. ‘Tarsus and metatarsus of Ist and

2nd legs scopulated and with no setal bands; tarsus of 3rd leg clothed

with long and somewhat setiform scopular hairs; setose hairs also

down metatarsus, which tapers distally; tarsus of 4th leg with scopular

hairs also long and setiform, and with somewhat similar hairs on the

metatarsus.

Spines.—Metatarsus I with 2 weak apical spines, and 1-2 basal

spines on under surface; metatarsus IT with 2 stronger apical spines,

and 2 basal spines on under surface. Tarsus IV has 0-1 spines ;

metatarsus IV has 3-4 apical spines underneath ; the two central ones

being very long (1—! the length of the tarsus); about 3 other spines

on the under surface, and very numerous ones on the upper and lateral

118 Annals of the South African Museum.

surfaces, particularly on the outer surface (the right-hand metatarsus

had over 20 spines and the left had under 10; the left leg was also

shorter).

Pedipalps.—Armed with 1 spine on outer side of base of tarsus ;

4 apical spines on under surface of tibia, 1 median and 1 basal spine

on outer side of under surface, and 4—5 on inner surface of tibia.

Measurements.—Chelicerae to end of abdomen, 13°5 mm. Carapace

5mm. long and 3°2 mm. wide; spinners 2min. long. Tibia of Ist leg

2mm. long.

Though the material is scanty and only in moderate preservation,

the genus Pionothele seems sufficiently distinct from Hermacha to

remain separate from it.

Famiry DIPLOTHELEAE.

Gen. DIPLOTHELE, Cambr.

Of the three genera of the group, Acropholius and Cestrotrema (Sun. )

are both confined to Madagascar, and Diplothele to India and Ceylon.

The following species from Rhodesia does not agree with the Mada-

gascan genera, but comcides rather with the Indian genus ; it differs

therefrom in certain respects, but the differences are not generic.

DIPLOTHELE ARCTURUS, ND. sp.

Specimens.—A 9 (No. B2189, Type) from Arcturus, Salisbury

(Dr. Melle, 12/15).

Colour. —Carapace and legs light reddish brown; upper surface of

abdomen dull blackish brown, flecked with numerous testaceous spots ;

under abdomen testaceous with a black spot directly below the vulva.

Sternum, coxae, and under side of legs slightly lighter than the

carapace. The latter is marked with numerous infuscated lines

radiating from the fovea; sides of cephalic region lightly infuscated ;

ocular tubercle almost entirely black.

Carapace.—Equal in length to the tibia, metatarsus and } tarsus

of Ist leg, and to the metatarsus and ?# tarsus of the 4th leg. Orna-

mented with appressed yellow hairs and scattered black bristles, which

are most numerous on the cephalic portion. Fovea small and straight,

cephalic edge longer and slightly procurved.

Ocular area wider than long.

Hyes.—Anterior laterals oval, oblique, and nearly their long

diameter apart anteriorly ; anterior medians round and _ slightly

smaller than the anterior laterals; at ieast their own diameter behind

the latter and from each other. The anterior eve area is thus slightly

On Some South African Aviculariidae (Arachnida). 119

narrower posteriorly. Posterior medians very small, and touching

laterals, which are long oval and oblique, and situated in a recurved line

with the anterior medians, and a procurved line with posterior medians.

Spinners.—Two only. (As in Fig. 110, p. 117, Simon, Hist. Nat.

des Araign. vol. 1, 1892.)

Sternum.—As broad as long; bearing stiff black hairs, especially

on posterior borders. Three pairs of sternal sigilla; small, marginal,

equal in size and opposite Ist, 2nd and 8rd coxae respectively.

Labium quite twice as wide as long, and bearing 4 apical teeth.

Coxae of pedipalps with a small basal patch of 15-20 teeth.

Chelicerae.— Clothed with moderately long hairs; rastellum not

prominent, composed of a row of very slender spines which are longer

on internal border. A single row of 9 strong teeth on inner border

of groove. and a patch of denticles in the basal portion of the groove,

itself. Hairs around mouth parts long and copper-red in colour.

Legs.—Tarsi with no clavate hairs on upper surface; scopulae entire

on under surfaces, and each divided by a band of setae which is faint

in the Ist leg, and progressively stronger and wider to the 4th leg.

Metatarsi I and II scopulate and with a faint trace of setae down

centre; metatarsus IIT faintly scopulate over distal }—3 of its length ;

metatarsus ITV over distal } only; each with a line of long strong

setae extending beyond the scopulated portion. farsi Land IL = length

of their metatarsi, IIT and IV $ or slightly less.

Spines.—Tarsi spineless. Metatarsus I spineless ; metatarsus IT with

1 or 2 spines basally on under surface; metatarsi ITT and IV armed

with long strong spines. Patella ILI with 5 spines on anterior surface

and 1 on posterior; rest of surface covered with strong bristly hairs ;

other patellae spineless. Tarsal claws with a single tooth situated

anteriorly in the bend of the claw ; claws longer than the fascicles.

Pedipalps.—Tarsus scopulated and divided by a line of setae; tibia

weakly spined below.

Measurements.—Chelicerae to end of abdomen, 15 mm. Carapace

6-2 mm. long, 5 mm. wide. Legs, in order from 1-4, approximately

14, 18, 18, and 17 mm. in leneth.

Pancny. DIPLUREDA RK:

Gen. THELECHORIS, Karsch.

This genus has been made synonymous with [schnothele (see Simon

Hist. Nat. des Araign. 2nd ed. vol. 11, pt. 4, 1903, p. 968); from

material now to hand it would appear that the synonymy is not valid,

and Thelechoris is perfectly distinct from Ischnothele. It seems that

120 Annals of the South African Museum.

hitherto certain 9 Thelechoris have been described as Ischnothele,

whilst before the genera were merged, ¢ Ischnothele were referred

to Thelechoris; thus the @ palp figured in Sim. Hist. Nat. des

Araign. 2nd ed. vol. i, 1892, p. 70, as of Thelechoris, is characteristic

of Ischnothele. Hence as up till now only Ischnothele & & were

known, and the 9 2? of both genera were much alike, the synonymy

was probably established on ‘account of the cross descriptions referred

to above. The ¢ Uhelechoris described below makes it clear that

the genera are distinct, and the ? characters set out by Simon in

Hist. Nat. des Araign. 1892, p. 187, should be sufficient to separate

Thelechoris from Ischnothele as instituted by Ausserer in Verh. Zool.

Bot. Ges. Wien. 1875, pp. 162 and 163.

THELECHORIS AUSTRALIS, Pure. (Text-fig. 9 a, B and c).

1903. T. australis, Purcell, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. vol. iii, pt. 4, p. 106.

Specimens.— 6 and 2 (No. B 1948), Durban, Natal (H. W.

Bell-Marley, 10/1915), and 1 ¢ and 2 ? ? (No. B 2401), Grahams-

town (Dr. W. F. Purcell, 7/10/05); also 7 9 2? (No. B 2402), from

Cookhouse, Somerset E.

g Colour as in female; perhaps slightly lighter and less infuscated ;

spinners pale and posterior ones less darkly ringed at apices of

segments. Under abdomen paler than dorsal surface; genital plate

and lung operculae brown; legs faintly banded by olive infuscations.

Carapace as long as metatarsus IV, and equal to metatarsus and

tarsus of Ist leg. Fovea slightly recurved.

Hyes.— Anterior row equidistant, strongly recurved. Medians

large, round, and almost equalling in size the broadly oval, oblique,

lateral eyes. Posterior -row straight; medians small, oval, touching

laterals, which are smaller than anterior laterals.

Labium and coxae of pedipalps muticous ; white inner border of the

latter is raised above the rest and separated by a fine groove.

Chelicerae with 10-11 teeth on inner border, alternately large and

small, especially anteriorly.

Spinners.— Posterior ones 75 mm. long; about equal to patella,

tibia, metatarsus and tarsus of Ist leg; apical joint equal to basal

and median joints in length.

Legs in order 4, 3, 2, 1. Metatarsi much longer than tarsi,

especially in legs 5 and 4; metatarsus I straight and moderately

spined, especially at apex below; metatarsus II slightly curved

inwards towards base, where it is also stouter; provided on lower

surface, towards base of inner side, with a small tubercle bearing an

On Some South African Aviculariidae (Arachnida). 121

ordinary spine; more numerous spines than on metatarsus [; tibia I

subequal to metatarsus I and stouter. Tibia IL shorter than meta-

Fig. 9.—Thelechoris australis, Pure. A. Right palp, outer side. B. Left

palp, under side. C. Right-hand second leg, inner side.

tarsus IT, much stouter and bearing on under side of inner surface,

over one-third-way down, a stout process which has 5 teeth on its

inner and under edge (see Text-fig. 9c); imner side with 3 slender

122 Annals of the South African Museum.

spines in a row behind each other; other scattered spines also.

Metatarsi and tibiae of 3rd and 4th legs with long, fairly numerous

spines. ‘Tarsus I reddish in colour, infuscated terminally ; scanty

scopula anteriorly and 1 or so weak spines. Tarsus II lighter and

with 2 or 3 spines and more scopular hairs. Tarsi III and IV still

lighter, more numerously spined, and with more plentiful scopulation

distally ; in all cases the scopular hairs are long and setose. Claws

of 4th leg with uniseriate row of 5 teeth; anterior teeth longest ;

claws of 1st leg with row of 6 or 7 long fine teeth.

Pedipalps.—Tarsus short and oblong; tibia swollen medially and

posteriorly ; neither are spined, but tibia carries long setose hairs,

particularly on under surface. Basal part of bulb pear-shaped

tapering gradually to a long, fine, inwardly curved style, the apex

of which curves slightly downwards and reaches to base of tibia

(Text-fig. 9 a and B).

Measurements.—Chelicerae to end of abdomen, 9 mm.; spinners

75 mm.; length of carapace 4 mm., width 3°6 mm.; length of

Ist leg 10°75 mm.; 2nd leg 12°25 mm. ; 3rd leg 13°5 mm.; 4th leg

15 mm.

It may be mentioned that in the 9 the Ist and 2nd legs are always

practically equal in length, the Ist being longer only by a mere fraction

of a millimetre.

The Grahamstown specimens are much smaller, and the male is

newly moulted, and maimed in one palp, but the characters are

identical. In the females shght variations from the type occur in

the eyes; the Natal specimen having the median anteriors lghter

and apparently slightly larger than the type, whilst in the Grahams-

town specimen the posterior medians appear slightly longer, oval, and

nearer to the anterior medians.

Thelechoris and Ischnothele being now separated, T'helechoris

australis, Pure. loc. cit., retains its name.

Thelechoris karschi, Bos. & Lens., Hamburg Anstalt. vol. 12, p. 27,

pl. LU, fig. 31 and 31 a and b, appears to be Ischnothele karschi; the

description is of a 2, based mainly on colour and markings, and is

lacking in detail.

Thelechoris rutenbergi, Karsch, Abhl. d. Naturw. v. Bremen, vol. x1,

1881, p. 196, retains its name, and is not Ischnothele rutenbergi as

noted by Simon in Bull. Mus. d’ Hist. Nat. 1902, No. 7, p. 514.

Ischnothele mashonica, Poc., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), vol. 7,

p. 337, though most vaguely described, appears a true Ischnothele ,

likewise Ischnothele catamita, Sim., in Ann. del Mus. Civ. Genov.

Volar, ap.p9:

On Some South African Aviculariidae (Arachnida). 123

“tt

Gen. ISCHNOTHELE, Ausserer.

Entomothele, Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1889, pp. 235-6.

? Schismatothele, Karsch, Zeitsch. f. ¢. Naturw. lu, 1879, p. 544.

Mygale quianaise (M. quianensis), Walckenaer, Hist. Nat. des Ins.

Apt. 1837, vol. i, p. 231, from South America, appears from

description to be an Ischnothele.

ISCHNOTHELE GRACILIS, n. sp. (Text-fig. 10).

Specimen.— & (No. 8500) from East Africa, probably Mocambique

(Dr. J.D: EF: Gilchrist).

Carapace.

Reddish-brown in centre and cephalic region, shading

to a pale golden-brown; margin slightly black-edged posteriorly ;

Fra. 10.—Ischnothele gracilis, n. sp. Right hand pedipalp, outer side.

cephalic grooves moderately deep; fovea deep and transverse at

bottom. Carapace ornamented with dark radiating lines and some-

what sparse appressed yellow hairs. In length it equals the 4th meta-

tarsus, the lst metatarsus and tarsus, and Ist tibia and metatarsus ;

its breadth equals its length, namely, 6°5 mm.

Hyes.—Ocular tubercle quite 53 times as wide as long; front row

of eyes procurved; medians large and round, nearly their own

diameter apart; anterior laterals slightly less in area than medians,

less than a median’s diameter from them and from anterior margin of

carapace. Posterior row practically straight along hind margins ;

median posteriors very small, subtriangular, oblique, hind margins

touching laterals, which are elongate and equal to or greater than

anterior laterals.

Abdomen.—Dark brown with shght purplish tinge; narrow oblique

124 | Annals of the South African Museum.

testaceous lines on upper surface, with a round pale yellow spot on

either side anteriorly. Under surface testaceous in colour, ornamented

as in I. (Thelechoris) karschi, but region between marks on inner

margin of lower lung pockets and down to spinners is speckled black,

the flecks assuming the form of 3 horizontal lines, the lower one

touching the base of the anterior spinners. Abdomen clothed with

long foxy-brown hairs, long dorsally, shorter ventrally.

Spinners also clothed with long hairs. Superior spinners unfor-

tunately have the last joint missing; length of remainder is about

5 mm.; basal joint equals # length of sternum and is slightly longer

than the penultimate segment of superior spinners.

Sternwm.—Rich orange-red in colour, clothed with long dark hairs;

as broad as long and with 3 small sigilla on each side, level with

hind margins of Ist, 2nd, and 3rd coxae, and about their own lengths

from margin. Coxae light yellowish-brown and clothed with longish

dark hairs.

Labium muticous, very much broader than long, and with light-

coloured apex. Coxae of pedipalps slightly darker than leg coxae and

with area of numerous denticles.

Chelicerae same colour as central carapace, clothed with long fairly

stiff hairs, curving over apex ; no rastellum; both margins of groove

with teeth ; 5-6 on inner, anterior ones being the larger, and 8-9 on

outer margin, with 2 two smaller inner teeth between 7th and 8th

teeth.

Legs pale yellowish-brown, with faint olivaceous tinge towards

tarsi; long and clothed with long and fairly stiff hairs (often some-

what spine-hke), and faintly banded in appearance. No scopulae on

the metatarsi; tarsi scopulate to base and with dividing lines of setae,

which are most distinct on 3rd and 4th tarsi; 3rd and 4th metatarsi

fairly heavily spimed. Tibia of Ist leg with, small outward and

upwardly curving spur on outer apex.

Pedipalps.—'Tarsus long, tapering to tip, and with 5-6 spines down

each under side towards apex; swelling at base for attachment of

palpal organ; latter somewhat heart-shaped, indented and tapering

suddenly to a fine style which grows almost hair-like towards apex,

and is slightly curved inwards and upwards, as in Text-fig. 10.

Tarsus with 5-6 spines down each under side at apex.

Measurements.—Chelicerae to end of abdomen 17 mm. ; carapace

length and breadth, 65 mm.; sternum, length and breadth, 3-5 mm. ;

4th leg 23 mm., 3rd, 21:8 mm., 2nd, 21 mm., Ist, 19 mm. long. The

order 4, 8, 2, 1 is also in agreement with Ausserer’s character for

Ischnothele.

On Some South African Aviculariidae (Arachnida). 125

Famity. CTENIZIDAR.

SEGREGARA, gen. nov. (Text-fig. 1] a.)

This name is proposed for the inclusion of such forms as have the

characters of eyes, legs, chelicerae, etc., of the sub-family Idiopeae, but

d d,

Kia. ll.—a. Segregara. b. Gorgyrella. c. Clenolophus = Idiops. d. Idiops

(fryt) 2. d,. Idiops (pullus) go. e. Heligomerus (caffer).

are distinct in the possession of 3 pairs of small marginal sigilla.

Hitherto these have been placed in the genus Acanthodon (Guérin,

1838), which apparently applied originally to forms with 2 pairs of

sigilla only, and was made synonymous with Idiops (Perty, 1853) by

O. P. Cambridge in 1870, and again by Simon in 1905.

126 Annals of the South African Museum.

The name Acanthodon, therefore, should have lapsed. Segregara

takes its place for forms with sternum (a) (Text-fig. 11); Idiops

form (d) should include form (e); and form (b) would retain the

name Gorgyrella (Purcell, 1902). For the above and later reasons

Hewitt’s inclusion of (a), (6), and (c) under Acanthodon is not

considered valid.

THE NamrE ACANTHODON.

In 1885, Delictus Anim. &c., pp. 197-8 (pl. 39, fig. 5), Perty founds

the genus Idiops on a ¢ specimen, I. fuscus, from Brazil.

In 1837 Walckenaer, in Ins. Apt. vol. i, p. 379, misquotes the type

as I. aculeatus, and makes it synonymous with Es hiceius (now a synonym

of Oxyopes : Fam. Oxyopidae). In 1838-9 Guérin in ‘ Arachnides du

Voyage de la Favorite,’ and ‘ Rev. Zoologique’ founds the genus Acan-

thodon on a 9 specimen from Brazil, and this name is used by

Walckenaer in “ Supplement a ? Ordre des Arancides,” Ins. Apt. vol. 11

p. 434. In P.Z.S, 1870, p. 101,O0. P. Cambridge gives a short resumé

of the history of Idiops (Perty), in which he states that ‘“ M. Guérin-

Meneville (without any reference to the genus established by M.

Perty) founded the genus Acanthodon upon another spider undoubtedly

congeneric with that upon which the genus Idiops had been previously

established”; and that Walckenaer appears to have overlooked its

identity with Idiops when including it in Ins. Apt. tom. xi, p. 434 (not

254, as quoted in P.Z.8.).

In 1871 Ausserer separates I. sigillatus, described by Cambridge in

1870, as a new genus Idiosoma (Verh. z. b. g. Wien, 1871, p. 150).

In 1892, Hist. Nat. des Ar., both Acanthodon and Idiops are

included by Simon under Idiopeae, the main separating characters

being given on pp. 89 and 92 as the eyes; the name Idiops is here

applied to the American species only.

In P.Z.S. 1897, p. 731, Pocock divides the species referred to Idiops

by Cambridge in 1870, and places the two African forms (meadii and

thorelli) in the genus Acanthodon; probably according to Simon,

although no reasons are given for the separation. A new species,

Acanthodon lacustris, is also described from 2 Q specimens (Lake

Tanganyika), and the diagram of the sternum coincides with that for

Idiops and Ctenolophus (Text-fig. 11 (¢) and (d) ), which is accounted

for as below. (Simon later puts A. lacustrisin his genus Titanidiops,

Hist. Nat. des Ar. 1903, p. 890).

In 1898, A.M.N.H. (7), vol.i, p. 320, Pocock describes a new species,

Acanthodon pretoriae, from South Africa, and tabulates it with the

other African species.

On Some South African Aviculartidae (Arachnida). 127

In 1902, Purcell in Trans. 8. Afr. Phil. Soc. vol. xi, pt. 4, and Ann.

8. Afr, Mus. vol. i, pt. 4, describes several new species of Acanthodon,

also from South Africa, and in the former proposes the genus Gorgy-

rella for form (b).

In 1908, loc. cit. p. 888, Simon having received a 2? Idiops unites

Acanthodon and Idiops as having rested previously on a sexual

character only ; adding further that the latter genus should be con-

fined to American species, and proposing Titanidiops tor the African

species. The name Acanthodon should therefore disappear.

In 1903, P.Z.S. p. 350, Pocock apparently accepts Acanthodon as a

synonym of Idiops.

In 1904, Trans. 8. Afr. Phil. Soc., vol. xv, pt. 38, Purcell removes all

his species from Acanthodon, 2 of which, both 2 2, namely, A. fryi

and A. versicolor, he transfers to the genus Idiops; and for the other

species, both ¢ g and 2 92, he makes a new genus, Ctenolophus. Sub-

sequently new species are described by Purcell under Idiops, but none

are added by him to Ctenolophus. Hewitt, however (Rec. Albany

Mus. vol. ii, 1913), adds several new species to both genera.

But previously, in Ann. Transv. Mus. vol. 1, p. 74, 1910, Hewitt

describes the supposed 2 of A. pretoriae (Poc. 1898), although the

genus disappeared finally in 1903.

In Rec. Albany Mus. vol. ii, p. 418, he refers the species to Idiops,

giving no reasons ; and in the same volume, p. 471, describes a new

species, Acanthodon microps. In Ann. 'Transv. Mus. vol. 5, pt. 6, p. 97,

footnote, having examined the type, Hewitt speaks of J. thorelli

(Cambr.) as being a true Acanthodon.

However, in Rec. Albany Mus. vol. ii, pt. 5, p. 412, he describes a

new species, Ctenolophus transvaglensis; then later (Rec. Alb. Mus.

vol. ii, p. 473, footnote) places it under Gorgyrella, as it possesses

3 pairs of sternal sigilla, the 3rd pair very small (hence it cannot be

a Gorgyrella at all (Text-fig. 11 B)); later still he settles it as

Acanthodon, and considers the two latter genera inseparable (Ann.

Transv. Mus. vol. v, pt. 3, p. 183). Hence apparently Acanthodon as

used by Hewitt should have the sternum as in fig. (A), 7.e., with 8

pairs of small sternal sigilla, of which he regards (B) as a variation.

Further, in Rec. Alb. Mus. vol. xi, p. 473, Hewitt adds a footnote that,

according to Hirst, Ctenolophus is a synonym of Acanthodon ; and

later states, in lit., that he has examined Guérin’s type A. petiti, and

considers that 9 Ctenolophus is congeneric with it. But Guérin’s

A. petiti is an Idiops according to Cambridge, and according to Simon

also it should be referred to that genus. Hence, when Hewitt says

that Otenolophus and A. petiti are congeneric, it may be taken as

128 Annals of the South African Museum.

equivalent to saying that Ctenolophus is congeneric with Idiops, which

is borne out by the diagrams (c) and (D).

But in Ann. Durban Mus. vol. i, pt. 3, p. 225, Hewitt considers the

‘South African species now referred to this genus (Acanthodon) con-

generic with the genotype of Acanthodon (Guérin) from Brazil,’ and

gives a short diagnosis of Acanthodon, in which he states that there

are “either 2 or 3 pairs of sternal sigilla, the Ist pair marginal or

sometimes (= Gorgyrella, Pure.) a little separate from the margin.”

He thus includes all 3 forms a. B, and c,as one genus under the name

Acanthodon ; which, if Guérin’s type is identical with Purcell’s Cteno-

lophus as he maintains, has but 2 sternal sigilla as in (c), and does

not apply to forms (a) and (8), but did and still does apply to

forms (D) now known as Idiops. Thus, as the following will tend to

show, the name Acanthodon disappeared once in 1870 (Cambr.) and

once again in 1903 (Sim.), and was accepted as synonymous with

Idiops by Pocock in 1903. Hewitt, however, still uses the name, and

further includes under it the 3 forms as above; whereas it would seem

more fitting to keep Gorgyrella separate, unite Ctenolophus with Idiops,

and substitute Segregara for the form (a) hitherto described under the

lapsed name Acanthodon. The creation of a new name seems neces-

sary, since Simon’s Titanidiops does not appear to be the same as form

(A), but rather should agree with form (p). It may be mentioned

that Ctenolophus and Idiops differ in one respect, namely, the latter

has two rows of teeth on the cheliceral groove, whilst the outer row

is represented in Ctenolophus by minute denticles only ; this by itself

is perhaps hardly sufficient for separation, though fairly constant, but

would no doubt serve to divide the group into two main classes.

From the above résumé, it would seem that M. Perty founded the

genus Idiops. Guérin, not having referred to this, subsequently

founded the genus Acanthodon on a specimen, A. petiti, which was con-

generic with Perty’s Idiops. Walckenaer subsequently not only adopted

Guérin’s Acanthodon, but erroneously concluded that Perty’s Idiops

was really a Sphasus. This mistake was rectified later, but Acanthodon

was left standing. Cambridge then (P.Z.S. 1870) states definitely

that Acanthodon is identical with Perty’s Idiops, and describes a series of

species for this genus,from South America, Syria, Africa, and Australia;

unfortunately he thus describes species which were generically

different from Idiops. Hence Ausserer puts the Australian species

I. sigillata into a new genus Idiosoma, and Simon subsequently reduces

Idiops to the South American species and places the rest under

Acanthodon, in which genus he includes as a synonym Ausserer’s

On Some South African Aviculariidae (Arachnida). 129

Idiosoma. In 1897 Pocock records the two African species of Idiops

(thorelli and meadii) described by Cambridge in 1870 as Acanthodon,

and describes a new species of the genus from ? specimens. Sub-

sequently Simon makes Acanthodon a synonym of Idiops, and con-

stitutes the synonymy of the latter genus as on p. 889, Hist. Nat. des

Ar. 1903; apparently re-establishing Ausserer’s Idiosoma. The

generic type for [diops thus reverts to Perty’s I. fuscus, and Acanthodon

disappears; A. petiti becoming J. petiti. For species other than

American, Simon makes new genera, Pachyidiops and Titanidiops ;

which Hewitt, however, does not think valid (Ann. Durb. Mus. vol. i,

pt. 3, p. 225, note).

Purcell in 1904 removes all his species from Acanthodon, placing

some in a new genus, Ctenolophus, and the rest in Idiops. About 1910

Hewitt describes the supposed 2 of Acanthodon pretoriae, of which

the ¢ was described by Pocock in 1898, and subsequently describes

other species under the genus Acanthodon, although the name

had lapsed. Amongst species which finally come to rest under

Acanthodon are forms with 3 pairs of small marginal sternal sigilla,

which Hewitt considers generically the same as Purcell’s Gorgyrella;

further, having examined Guérin’s type on which Acanthodon was

originally based, he finds that Ctenolophus is congeneric with the original

Acanthodon (which, however, is Idiops) ; hence Ctenolophus, Gorgyrella,

and an apparently new form are all included by him under the lapsed

Acanthodon. If sternal sigilla are thus considered valueless for generic

separation, Idiops itself has little support; hence it is not surprising

that Hewitt considers it probable that ‘‘ Acanthodon and Idiops will

eventually be united” (Ann. Durb. Mus. vol. i, pt. 3, p. 225, footnote) ;

in fact the subfamily Idiopeae would practically become one big genus.

A possible solution is suggested in the previous and following pages

in which the name Segregara shall be applied to forms with 3 pairs

of small marginal to [submarginal sigilla, from which fresh genera,

Gorgyrella and Idiops (including Ctenolophus), have branched off.

Sytematic VALUE OF STERNAL SiciLua (Text-figs. 12 and 13).

In connection with the genus Pelimatorycter, Hewitt states (Ann.

Durb Mus. vol. i, pt. 3, p. 223) that ‘‘ the character of the position of

the posterior sternal sigilla is only of specific importance, for in the

genus Pelmatorycter these sigilla may be small and submarginal, or

very large and submedian.”’ This may perhaps be because specimens

of the genus Ancylotrypa have been included as Pelmatorycter. In

specimens of both genera available for examination great similarity

exists, and the posterior sternal sigilla show less divergence than in

130 Annals of the South African Museum.

other genera discussed ; yet, taking sigilla as the criterion, two distinct

classes can be distinguished, to each of which a generic name had

previously been given on other and less reliable characters.

Ancylotrypa.—Posterior sternal sigilla oval, marginal to submedian ;

and their distance apart always exceeds the width of the labium, and is

also much greater than their long diameter. The distance between their

inner anterior margins greatly exceeds the distance from the latter to

the margin of the sternum.

Pelmatorycter.— Posterior sternal sigilla large, oval or pear-shaped,

Fig. 12.—A. Ancylotrypa cornuta g. B. Pelmatorycter namaquensis g.

C, A. pusilla g. D. P. pallidipes g.

and median to submedian in position; the distance apart usually less

than, and rarely equal to, the width of the labium, and also seldom

exceeding the long diameter of the sigilla. The distance between the

inner anterior margins is considerably less than from the latter to the

margin of the sternum.

In both genera the 2 anterior pairs of sigilla are small, less distinct,

and marginal; in Pelmatorycter the 2nd pair are submarginal.

The characters given in the original generic descriptions are not of

primary importance, the dentition of the tarsal claws being especially

variable ; the eyes, however, are of some importance, since in Ancylo-

On Some South African Aviculariidae (Arachnida) 131

trypa the ocular area is scarcely wider posteriorly than anteriorly, is

shorter in comparison with the width, and has the posterior row of

eyes smaller and more subequal in size than Pelmatorycter ; the latter

also has the posterior tarsi of the 2 @ more heavily spined on the

under surface. Further, Ancylotrypa are considerably smaller and

slenderer in build, and the ¢ ¢ have shorter palps, and the 9 2 more

oblong (or cylindrical) abdomens than in Pelmatorycter.

Thus among Hewitt’s recent additions (Ann. Transv. Mus. vol. v,

No. 3, p. 192, etc.) to the genus Pelmatorycter, are forms such as

P. parvus and P. brevipalpis, etc., which from the descriptions appear

to belong to Ancylotrypa ; further, a 2 specimen depicted in fig. 10,

pl. XXVI, and referred to as a species near brevipalpis, possesses the

characteristic size and shape of Ancylotrypa, and would no doubt

possess the sternal characters also.

Not only in Pelmatorycter and Ancylotrypa, but m the preceding

and other genera, sternal sigilla appear to be a sufficient generic

distinction. When one considers that these sigilla are the marks

formed by attachments of the powerful internal thoracic muscles

which actuate the legs, their significance is not inconsiderable. A

difference in position and size of the posterior sternal sigilla, as shown

by Gorgyrella and Segregara (Text-fig. 11), can only mean a difference

in arrangement and action of the thoracic musculature which makes

the two forms entirely separate. In the above case both are ground-

trapdoor-tube builders, and are also alike im external appearance.

It is generally admitted that genera arise in evolution by branching

off from a common stock, and therefore intermediate forms are at

times only to be expected. Although the posterior sternal sigilla of

Gorgyrella are equivalent to the corresponding ones of Segregara, and

have probably been formed by the enlargement and forward migration

of the posterior sternal muscles of a Segregara-like stock, it seems

quite legitimate to consider that branch generically distinct. The

supposition of the development of Gorgyrella from a Segregara-like

form seems borne out by the young examples of Gorgyrella, in which

the posterior sigilla bear more resemblance in conformation and size

to those of some adult forms of Segregara, whilst the adult forms do

not. Inall specimens of Gorgyrella examined the muscle attachments

are as in Text-fig. 118, and though some may perhaps be smaller and

shghtly further apart posteriorly or vice versii, the arrangement is

invariably characteristic and distinct. A parallel case to this is

furnished by Homostola and Spiroctenus ; Hewitt considers that

Homostola zebrina is “an aberrant Spiroctenus standing somewhat

isolated in the genus owing to the large size and close approximation

132 Annals of the South African Museum.

of the posterior sternal sigilla’’ (Ann. Durb. Mus. vol. 1, pt. 3, p. 233).

Fig. 13 shows the characters under consideration, and though no

doubt the one form can be considered as arising from the other by

a muscular alteration and migration as in Gorgyrella, the difference

thus brought about is surely generic. No doubt, as Hewitt says,

the characters by which Simon separates the Cyrtaucheniex from the

Nemesieae are not very clear and definite ; and further knowledge will

perhaps bring about rearrangements there and elsewhere. Never-

Fra. 138.—Homostola zebrina. B. Spiroctenus validus. C. Spiroctenus

schreineri. D. Stictogaster reticulatus.

theless, though Homostola should preferably be in the same group as

Spiroctenus, the two seem generically separate. Stictogaster (Text-

fiz. 13D), contains but the one species on which the genus was

founded, and is allied to, but distinct from, Spiroctenus; further

material and the discovery of the ¢ ¢ of the specimens is necessary

to decide whether the generic characters are constant and valid; in

the meantime, there is no advantage in calling it Spiroctenus.

Hewitt apparently considers that as extreme members of one genus

may resemble the opposite extreme members of another genus, that

On Some South African Aviculariidae (Arachnida). 133

the whole form one series with the sigilla as a specific character

only ; but the difficulty of placing a form such as Gorgyrella in the

same genus as one such as Segregara seems greater than that of

separting such forms as constitute the so-called intermediate forms.

Both Simon and Purcell considered the character, when strongly shown

as above, to be more than specific, and so far as I am able to see, that

view is correct.

The Ctenizidae are not alone in having muscle-scars or sigilla as a

generic character ; in the Hresidx, for example, the two genera Hresus

and Dresserus, of which the 2 2 greatly resemble each other, can be

separated at a glance owing to the dorsal abdominal sigilla. The two

anterior pairs of muscle attachments are close together in Dresserus

and separate in Hresus; in addition Dresserus is distinct in having 4

small cribellal plates instead of 2 large ones. The point, however, is

that the character, though scarcely so important as the differences

which exist in the Ctenizidae, is nevertheless of generic significance ;

so that it seems justifiable to consider that, although the genera of 4-

lunged terricolous spiders of South Africa will perhaps have to be

re-crouped and in some cases merged, the relegation of sternal

sigilla to a merely specific character in order to simplify matters, is

not sound.

It is quite possible that sternal sigilla will afford a means of tracing

the generic development of such groups as the Idiopeae. As far as

can be seen, from out of the cross identification and synonymy of the

past, the fact emerges that Idiops exists in Africa and South America

(as well as in Central Asia, Syria, Arabia, India, and Burma) and

includes as synonyms the majority of species described under

Acanthodon. Further in this group occurs the genus Gorgyrella,

found only in South Africa; Heligomerus, found in Tropical Africa,

India, and Ceylon, and finally Segregara, proposed for forms as pre-

viously defined. Now Pocock, writing on the geographical distribution

of the Ctenizidae (P.Z.S. 1903, pp. 351 and 357), considers that Idiops

reached South America, not from North America, but from Africa.

This and the general geographical distribution of the Idiopeae indicate

that Tropical Africa was the seat of origin of the group. The pro-

bability is that the original stock was akin to Segregara, and that the

latter genus is a direct but numerically feeble continuation of it. From

this a branch occurred, in which muscular alteration and migration took

place, giving forms (c) and (p) Text-fig. 11; this form, now known

as Idiops, spread far and wide, and eventually reached South America,

where it still exists, and has given rise to a specialised offshoot,

Pseudidiops; in view of its success in establishing itself and its

134 Annals of the South African Museum.

consequent numerical preponderance, a fair range of variation is only

to be expected ; hence the name Ctenolophus was applied to what is

most probably only a section (confined perhaps to South Africa) of

the genus, whilst the original erroneous formation of the genus

Acanthodon was responsible for much confusion and cross identifica-

tion. Finally Gorgyrella can also be regarded as an offshoot from

form (A), and is important in that it lends support to the theory of

the South African origin of the Idiopeae in that it is found in South

Africa alone; whilst in the resemblance of its young to the adult

forms of Segregara, it indicates a former connection therewith.

Heligomerus, the other representative of the group, diverged on the

same lines as Idiops, and is found in Tropical Africa, Ceylon, and

India, but evidently did not succeed in establishing itself as did

Idiops.

The occurrence also of the genus Diplothele (p. 118) in Africa, as

well as Madagascar and India, is interesting, since the group is akin

to the Idiopeae in eye formation, and to Segregara in sternal sigilla,

and may eventually prove to be connected with the group in origin, in

Tropical Africa.

It follows then that the species placed under Acanthodon in Hewitt’s

table (Ann. Transv. Mus. vol. 5, No. 3, p. 87) will have to be sepa-

rated as follows :

A. spiricola, kolbei, and kentanicus come under Idiops, sect:on one

row of teeth on inner side only of cheliceral groove, and formerly

known as Ctenolophus. A. namaquensis and <A. schreineri are as

Purcell named them, Gorgyrella namaquensis and schreineri.

A. abrahami and A. transvaalensis become Segregara abrahami and

transvaalensis, as apparently do monticola and grandis also; for the

others an examination of the specimens is necessary to decide under

which genus they should be placed.

SEGREGARA TRANSVAALENSIS (Ht.).

Specimens.—A subadult 9 (No. 150,502) from Warmbaths, 'Trans-

vaal, collected by Dr. W. F. Purcell, 9/05. The specimen differs very

slightly from the description of transvaalensis in the number and

arrangement of the spines, and is smaller in size; the sternal sigilla,

however, though faint in appearance, are as in form (a) and are

characteristic of Segregara.

SEGREGARA ABRAHAMI (Ht.).

Specimens..-One 2 (No. B78) from Burghersdorp, Albert Div.,

collected by Dr. Kannemeyer, 10/07. This example is smaller than

On Some South African Aviculariidae (Arachnida.) 135

the Alicedale specimen of abrahami, but is not specifically different,

though the spination is occasionally slightly weaker. The three

small pairs of sternal sigilla are as in Text-fig. 11 (4).

GEN. GORGYRELUA, Pure.

(See pp. 125-128.)

GORGYRELLA INERMIS, Nn. Sp.

Specimens.—One ? (No. B 1625, Type) from Cradock (Mrs. W. F.

Purcell, 10/05).

Colour.—Similar to namaquensis and schreinert.

Carapace.—Equal in length to patella, tibia, and 4-} metatarsus

of the Ist leg, and just exceeds the tibia and metatarsus of the

Ath leg.

Ocular area —Length subequal to the width; latter slightly less

than the length of metatarsus I. Anterior eyes (seen from in front)

are nearly 4 a diameter apart ; anterior medians a diameter apart ;

area formed by anterior eyes scarcely wider behind than in front.

Posterior medians small, but do not occupy a greater width than the

anterior medians, from which they are separated by about their own

diameter; posterior laterals less than their own long diameter from

the posterior mediaus, and form with them a strongly procurved

line.

Sternum.—Very slightly longer than broad (greatest breadth

opposite 3rd pair of legs). Sternal sigilla characteristic of the genus ;

posterior pair about 1} diameters apart and very close to the median

pair, being in fact opposite the bases of the 2nd pair of coxae ; median

pair small and slightly lower than the border of the 2nd coxae, and

about 4 times their own diameter from the margin; anterior pair

subequal to the medians. opposite the bases of the Ist pair of coxae,

and at least twice their own diameter from the margin.

Pedipalps.—As in namaquensis.

Legs.—Coxae with no spinules or spiniform setae on posterior

borders ; coxa IIT with a band of longer, denser hairs posteriorly ;

I, If, and IV with normal clothing of long hairs. Tibia of Ist leg

as long as metatarsus and 4 the tarsus.

Spines.—Much as in namaquensis; metatarsus LV with 8—9 strong

spines on anterior under surface; tibia IV has no spinules on anterior

surface, but 4-5 long spiniform setae on the under surface ; band of

spinules on patella IV reaches only half-way along anterior surface.

Metatarsus III with 2 spines on anterior under surface. Distal edge

of patella IIL with 3 spinules on inner side and 4 on outer; latter

136 Anna's of the South African Museum.

followed by a band of 12-14 stout spinules which reach to the base of

outer or anterior surface.

Labium with 8-9 denticles anteriorly.

Chelicerae.—Inner curve of fang with the usual serration ; groove

with 5 strong teeth on the inner border and 3 smaller ones posteriorly

on the outer border.

Genital operculum.—Covered with hairs down to the lower lip, and

apparently with no striae on its surface.

Measurements.—Total length 20°5 mm.; carapace 6°5 mm. long aud

59 mm. wide; sternum 4 mm. long; length of tibia of Ist leg

2°6 mm.

NOTES.

POECILOMIGAS ABRAHAMI, O. P. Cbr.

Since writing the foregoing notes, p. 84, the Rev. Nendick

Abraham has supplied me with further information, based on his

own observations, on the above paired dises. Their presence on the

lids of the trap-door retreats was pure chance, since they are con-

structed by larvae (imago not known) which live in the band con-

necting the two dises. This band is tubular, and has a flap or door

at each end. The grub issues at either door and feeds on the lichen,

etc. covered by the disc above: when that is finished it transfers its

attention to the area covered by the other disc, and thus feeds con-

cealed from possible enemies, and with a safe retreat in the tube if a

bird should turn the discs over. When these two pastures are

exhausted, it transfers its dwelling-place to another region, and it

was thus quite by chance that the dises happened to fit over the trap-

door lids. The Rev. Abraham has not succeeded in rearing any of

the larvae to maturity, but the above note may serve to guide others

to secure further information.

HomostToLa ZEBRINA, Pure. (p. 97).

Since going to press a further paper by Hewitt (Ann. Transv. Mus.

vol. v, pt. 3, p. 203) provides fresh localities and a diagram of the

palp of the ¢ of specimens, which the author refers to Spiroctenus

(Homostola) zebrina ; I have since examined Hewitt’s specimens, both

¢ dg and 2 ?, and consider them to be true Homostola, sp. zebrina,

and can hardly agree that they are Spiroctenidae, though the two

genera have much in common. The relative sizes and positions of

the sternal sigilla (see Text-fig. 13, and note on sternal sigilla, p. 129)

are a clear and definite distinction, apart from the dentition of the

chelicera and scopulation of metatarsi, ete.

abrahami (Poecilomigas)

abrahami (Segregara)

Acanthodon . :

Ancylotrypa

arcturus (Diplothele)

australis (Thelechoris)

bicolor (Hermacha)

brevipalpis (Stasimopus)

broomi (Spiroctenus) .

cambierae (Spiroctenus)

collinus (Spiroctenus)

Ctenolophus .

CTENIZIDAE :

curvipes (Hermacha) .

Diplothele :

DIPLOTHELEAE

DIPLURIDAE

fulvus (Hermacha)

gooldi (Spiroctenus)

Gorgyrella .

gracilis (Ischnothele) .

Homostola .

Hermacha

Idiops .

inermis (Gorgyr ella) .

Ischnothele .

kentanicus (Idiops)

kentanicus (Stasimopus)

ie)

“J

—

INDEX

PAGE

83, 136

92, 126

. 94

118

120

84, 125

latus (Mogeridgea)

MIGIDAE .

Moggridgea

nanus (Stasimopus)

nigra (Hermacha)

nigrispinosus (Hermacha) .

palapyi (Idiops) .

Pelmatorycter

peringueyi ( Moggridgea)

pilosus (Spiroctenus) .

Pionothele

Poecilomigas

pullus (Idiops)

purcelli (Hermacha)

purcelli (Spiroctenus) .

purcelli (Stasimopus) .

pusilla (Ancylotrypa) .

quercina (Moggridgea)

Segregara.

spinosa (Ancylotrypa)

Spiroctenus

Stasimopus .

Stictogaster :

straminea (Pionothele)

terricola (Moggridgea)

Thelechoris .

transvaalensis (Segregara) :

validus (Spiroctenus) .

zebrina (Homostola)

Ole

1038

136

(138 )

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX.

FIG.

1.—Stasimopus purcelli, n.sp. Left palp, outer and under aspect.

2.—Stasimopus kentanicus, Pure. Left palp, outer and under aspect.

3.—Spiroctenus cambiere, Purc. A and B. Under and side view of palp. C.

Tibia and metatarsus of right hand, first leg, inner side.

4.—Spiroctenus collinus, Poc. Left palp, (A) from below, (B) from the side.

C. Showing different aspect due to torsion. D. Tibia and metatarsus of

first leg, under aspect.

5.—Spiroctenus validus, Pure. Left palp, (A) from below, (B) from side.

C. Type specimen from side. D. Tibia and metatarsus, first leg.

6.—Spiroctenus purcelli, n.sp. Left palp, (A) from below, (B) from side,

C, Tibia and metatarsus of leg, under surface.

Ann. S. Afr. Mus. Vol. X VII. Plate IX.

Adlard & Son 4 West Newman, Ltd.

(139 )

5.—The Crane-flies of South Africa in the South African Museum

(Diptera, Tipulidae).—By Cuartes P. ALEXANDER, Cornell Uni-

versity, Ithaca, N.Y.

Jegaru ii Ee

(With Plates X-XIV, and 2 Text-figures.)

THe following paper is a consideration of the local crane-flies con-

tained in the collection of the South African Museum, Cape Town, and

sent to me for determination through the kindness of the Director,

Dr. L. Péringuey. The collection is of especial interest in that it

contains the majority of the South African species described by

Bergroth in 1888, and the re-examination of this material has been

very interesting. As has been done in previous papers, the author has

supplied figures of the wings and details of the male hypopygia of

species that are still insufficiently known. Iam greatly indebted to

Dr. Péringuey for his many kindnesses, and also to the various

collectors of the material, these being credited throughout the text.

FAMILY PTYCHOPTERIDAE.

Gren. PTYCHOPTERA, Meigen.

1803: Tlhger’s Magazine, vol. 2, p. 262.

Oo fo) 9 ’

PTYCHOPTERA CAPENSIS, Sp. n.

Head black; mesonotum orange without markings; wings light

yellowish, a brown seam along the cord and an interrupted seam at

the forks of R,+, and M; apical cells of the wings pubescent.

Male—Length about 8 mm.; wing 8:1 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae elongated; two basal

segments reddish-orange, third segment dark brown, more yellowish

basally, remainder of the antennae dark brownish-black. Front dark

brown, shiny; vertex and occiput broad, black, with metallic reflec-

tions.

140 Annals of the South African Museum.

Mesonotum and pleura shiny orange without markings. Halteres

dark brown. Legs with the coxae and trochanters orange-yellow ;

femora yellow broadly tipped with black ; tibiae yellowish-brown, the

apices black; tarsi broken. Wings with the ground-colour light

yellowish, most intense in the costal area, the apex and anal cells

darker, greyish ; a brown seam along the cord ; a similar interrupted

seam at the tip of R,, fork of R,+,, the fork of M and about mid-

length of Cu, beyond the m-cw cross-vein. Venation, (Plate X, fig. 1,

upper left hand corner), Rs very short, less than the 7-i cross-vein ;

deflection of R,+, punctiform ; r-m longer than m-cu ; apical cells of

the wings pubescent.

Abdomen yellowish-orange, dark brownish-black along the mid-

dorsal line of the tergum; apical segments destroyed excepting the

hypopygium, which is orange.

Habitat.—South Africa.

Holotype, ¢, M’fongosi, Zululand, February, 1914 (W. E. Jones).

Type in the South African Museum.

This is the first representative of this family of flies to be discovered

in Africa and the first species of Ptychoptera to be described from the

southern hemisphere.

Famiiy TEED AE.

Sus-FaMity LIMNOBIINAE.

Trine LIMNOBIINI.

GEN. DICRANOMYIA, Stephens.

1829. Cat. Brit. Ins., vol. 2, p. 243.

DicRANOMYIA LIGHTFOOTI, sp. 1.

Antennae black; thorax light brown, thoracic stripes dark brown ;

pleura yellow with two dark brown stripes ; wings greyish subhyaline ;

cell Ist M, open; subcosta short.

Male.—Length 4°7 mm.; wing 6°8 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brownish-black. Antennae black, short,

the flagellar segments globular, moniliform. Head brownish-grey.

Mesonotal praescutum light brown with a very broad dark brown

median stripe ; lateral stripes shorter; scutum with the lobes brown ;

scutellum brownish-grey ; postnotum brown. Pleura dull yellow with

two dark brown stripes, the dorsal stripe extending from the cervical

sclerites underneath the base of the halter to the abdomen ; ventral

The Orane-flies of South Africa (Diptera, Tipulidae). 141

stripe short, mesosternal in position. Halteres short, light yellow, the

knob very slightly darkened. Legs with the coxae and trochanters

dull yellow; femora dull yellow, the tips broadly but indistinctly

infuseated ; tibiae yellowish-brown ; tarsi light brown, the three apical

segments dark brown. Wings pale at the extreme bases; membrane

pale greyish subhyaline; veins dark brown; no stigma. Venation

(Plate X, fig. 2, upper right hand corner), Sc short, ending just before

the origin of Rs; Sc, not distinct ; cross-vein r at the tip of R, much

longer than that portion of R, beyond it; Rs elongated, about three

times the deflection of R,+-;; cell lst M, open by the atrophy of m ;

M, leaves Cu, at a right angle, strongly arcuated ; basal deflection of

Cu, at the fork of M.

Abdominal tergites dark brown; hypopygium pale; sternites dark

brown, the segments broadly margined caudally with paler brown.

Habitat.—South Africa.

Holotype, ¢, East London, South-east Cape Colony, November, 1915

(Lightfoot).

Type in the South African Museum.

This species is respectfully dedicated to its collector.

DicRANOMYIA TIPULIPES, Karsch.

1886. Ent. Nachr., vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 51, 52.

This fly was described from Pungo-Ndongo, Portuguese West Africa,

but is now known to be widely distributed over the southern half of

the African continent and the adjacent islands. The following material

is in the collection :

3 2 Bergroth’s specimens (4, 5) from Stellenbosch, Cape Town, 1887

(Peringuey ).

& Cape Town, 19185 (Péringuey),

d Ceres, Cape Colony, April, 1915 (Lightfoot).

Q Smithfield, Orange River Colony, September, 1910 (Kannemeyer).

¢ Barberton, Transvaal, April, 1911 (H. Edwards).

The position of Sc, is not as described by Karsch but is far removed

from the tip of Sc,, the distance being about equal to the entire radial

sector. The wing has been well shown by Edwards in his Seychelles

report and is again figured in Plate X, fig.3. This insect varies much

in the intensity of the wing-pattern, fully-coloured individuals having

C, Sc, and R light yellow with four large black marks along Sc, the

first at the wing base, the second the largest, the third at Sc,, and the

fourth at the margin of the sector. Bergroth (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,

ser. 8, vol. 91, p. 580, 1913) denies that D. confinis, Bergroth (Wien.

Entomol. Zeit., vol. 8, p. 116, 1889, nn. for D. consimilis, Bergroth,

142 Annals of the South African Museum.

Ent. Tidskr., vol. 9, p. 127, 1888, preocc.) is conspecific with D. tipu-

lipes as suggested by Edwards (Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., vol. 15,

pt. 2, p. 197, 1912). The material at hand indicates the possibility of

a mistaken observation on Bergroth’s part in regard to the position of

Sc,, and it appears that Edwards is right in his assumption. It will

require more material to decide this question finally.

DIcRANOMYIA MARLEYI, sp. n.

Thorax rich cinnamon-brown; pleura with a broad dark brown

stripe; wings subhyaline, stigma distinct, cord seamed with grey;

vein Sc long, cell lst M, closed.

Male.—Length 5°83 mm.; wing 5°7 mm.

Rostrum and palpi brownish-black. Antennae broken. Head

ereyish-brown.

Mesonotal praescutum rich cimnamon-brown, duller laterally, the

median area behind darker brown; scutal lobes dark brown ; scutellum

blackish; postnotum yellowish-brown. Pleura with a broad dark

brown stripe extending from the cervical sclerites through the base

of the halteres to the abdomen; dorsal sclerites brown, ventral

sclerites light yellow. Halteres short, the knobs large, dark brown,

the extreme base of the stem more yellowish. Legs with the coxae

and trochanters yellowish-brown; femora bright yellow, darkened

toward the tips, which are dark brown; tibiae and tarsi brown.

Wings subhyaline; stigma spot large, rounded, dark brown; pale

brownish-grey seams as follows: Tip of Sc), base of Rs, broad seams

to the cord and outer end of cell 1st M,; veins dark brown. Venation

(Plate X, fig. 4), Sc long, extending to beyond mid-length of the sector ;

Sco at the tip of Sc,; Rs elongate, nearly square at its origin; r at

the tip of R,; r-m a little shorter than the basal deflection of K,+; ;

cell 1st M, large, nearly square; basal deflection of Cu, at the fork of M.

Abdominal tergites brownish-yellow, the caudal and lateral margins

broadly blackish ; sternites pale yellow, the caudal margins brown.

Habitat.—South Africa.

Holotype, ¢, Stella Bush, near Durban, April, 1915 (Marley).

Type in the South African Museum.

This interesting new species is dedicated to its discoverer.

DIcRANOMYIA PERINGUEYI, sp. n.

Antennal flagellum uniformly dark brown in colour; thorax

brownish-yellow without distinct stripes; wings greyish subhyaline,

stigma rounded, pale brown; vein Se long, cell Ist M, closed.

The Crane-flies of South Africa (Diptera, Tipulidae). 143

Male.—Length 5 mm.; wing 6°4 mm.

Rostrum brown, palpi dark brown. Antennae with the first segment

brown beneath, yellow above, the second segment entirely light yellow ,

flagellar segments dark brown, submoniliform, densely pubescent, the

constrictions between the individual segments well defined, the last

segment elongated, pointed, slightly darker brown. Eyes closely

approximated, but not contiguous ; head brown with a grey bloom.

Thoracic dorsum brownish-yellow, somewhat shiny, without distinct

stripes ; scutellum more yellowish, postnotum more brownish. Pleura

dark brown with a very sparse pale bloom. Halteres pale yellow at

the extreme base, the remainder of the organ dark brown. Legs with

the coxae and trochanters dull yellow ; femora elongate, slender, dull

yellow, not darkened; tibiae brownish-yellow, the apical segments

broken. Wings pale greyish subhyaline, the stigmal spot rounded,

pale brown; veins dark brown. Venation, Sc long, extending to mid-

length of the elongate sector; Sc, at the tip of Sc,; r at the tip of R,;

Rs about three times the length of the deflection of A,+,; inner end

of cell 1st M, a little arcuated; basal deflection of Cu, at the fork of M.

Abdomen more or less discoloured, the tergites yellowish-brown, the

sternites more yellowish.

Habitat.—South Africa.

Holotype, ¢, South Africa, without more exact data.

Type in the South African Museum.

This fly is named in honour of Director Péringuey of the South

African Museum.

Gen. RHIPIDIA, Meigen.

1818. Syst. Beschr., vol. 1, p. 153.

Ruppia AFRA, Bergroth.

1888. Entomol. Tidskr., vol. 9, pp. 128, 129.

Two female specimens, one from East London, South-east Cape

Colony, July, 1914 (Lightfoot), the other from Krantz Kloof, Natal,

June, 1915 (Marley). The specimens measure in length 6°3-8°5 mm.,

the wing 7°3-8°8 mm., one of the specimens being much larger than

the other, but undoubtedly belonging to the same species. The wing

is Shown on Plate X, fig. 5.

Gen. LIBNOTES, Westwood.

1876. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 505.

LIBNOTES CAPENSIS, Sp. 0.

Basal antennal segments black, intermediate segments light brown,

the terminal segment black; thorax yellow with a double black mid-

144 Annals of the South African Museum.

dorsal stripe; femora with a narrow subterminal black ring ; wings

hight yellowish to hyaline with abundant black, brown and grey dots,

spots and clouds on the wing-membrane.

Male.—Length 12°5 mm. ; wing 20 mm.

Female.—Length 12°2 mm.; wing 15°5 mm.; fore leg, femur

113 mm., tibia 13-5 mm. ; hind leg, femur 13 mm., tibia 13-8 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae moderately elongated, the

first five segments black, beyond the fifth passing into light brown

or brownish-yellow, the terminal segment elongated, black with a grey

bloom. Front narrow, buff; remainder of the head buff with a

slight greenish tinge ; a narrow black mark on the vertex.

Thorax gibbous. Pronotum elongated, yellow, with a green cast.

Mesonotal praescutum light yellow with a strong greenish cast on

the sides ; a well-defined black stripe on each side of the very narrow

yellow median vitta, these stripes narrowed anteriorly, considerably

broadened at the transverse suture; lateral stripes short, barely

indicated, greenish ; a quadrate area devoid of pollen just back of

the pseudosutural foveae; scutum with the lobes largely black,

median area and the remainder of the lobes yellowish; scutellum

black with a narrow median yellowish line; postnotum brownish-

black, yellow on the sides. Pleura yellow with a strong green cast ;

two broad, interrupted brown stripes, the dorsal one beginning above

the fore coxae, becoming indistinct beneath the wings; the ventral

stripe is on the mesosternum, reappearing as a rounded spot just in

front of the halteres. Halteres green, the knobs yellowish. Legs

with the coxae and trochanters green; femora light brown, more

yellowish apically ; a narrow subterminal black annulus, subequal to

or slightly less in extent than the yellow apex ; tibiae light brown, the

extreme tip narrowly darker brown; metatarsi similar, the remaining

tarsal segments black. Wings light yellowish on the costal area,

more hyaline elsewhere ; veins hight yellow, dark brown where traversed

by dark markings; dark markings as follows: A series of small black

dots in the costal and subcostal cells; dark brown areas at the base of

M, base of Rs, tip of Sc,, along the cord and along vein Cu; numerous

grey clouds and spots in all the cells of the wing, the anterior cells

being more free of these markings. Venation (Plate X, fig. 6), Se,

at the tip of Sc,; r at the tip of R,; deflection of R,+. longer than

ror r-m; basal deflection of Cu, longer than Cu, situated at the fork

of M.

Abdomen with the first tergite brownish, the remainder greenish-

yellow, each segment margined caudally with yellowish, these margins

broader toward the tip of the abdomen.

The Crane-flies of South Africa (Diptera, Tipulidae). 145

The female is similar to the male, but in this latter sex Sc, is about

three to four times the length of Sc,. The whole body in the living

insect is undoubtedly strongly greenish, but this colour is lost in

specimens that are pinned for many years.

Habitat—South Africa.

Holotype, ¢, Umvoti, Natal (H. Fry).

Allotype, 2, Stella Bush, near Durban, October 17th, 1915 (Marley)

Type in the South African Museum.

The genus Libnotes is Oriental in its distribution, and this is the

first African species to be described.

Trine ANTOCHINI.

Gren. RHAMPHIDIA, Meigen.

1830. Syst. Beschr., vol. 6, p. 281.

RHAMPHIDIA CAPENSIS, Sp. 0.

Thorax black, the praescutum with a yellowish brown median

stripe that is indistinct behind and is split by a narrow black vitta ;

wings spotted.

Male.—Length 9°5 mm.; wing 9°2 mm.

Rostrum slender, elongated, half again as long as the head, black ;

palpi black. Antennae rather short, first segment dark brown,

second segment dark brown basally, bright yellow apically; basal

flagellar segments pale at the base, darkened at the tip; terminal

flagellar segments uniformly dark brown. Front greyish; vertex

comparatively narrow, dark brown ; occiput similar.

Thorax gibbous. Pronotum dull yellow. Mesonotal praescutum

black; a yellowish-brown median stripe, indistinct behind, split by

a narrow black median vitta; lateral stripes yellow, broad, distinct

and well-defined; area around the pseudosutural and transverse

sutures yellowish; scutum yellow, the lobes black; scutellum and

postnotum black or dark brown. Pleura dark brownish black.

Halteres light yellow. Legs with the coxae dull yellow, the outer

faces infuscated, darkest on the middle coxae; trochanters yellow ;

femora yellow, passing into brown toward the tip, the apex narrowly

blackened ; tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Wings light grey, the costal

cells and cell 2nd R, light yellow; veins dark brown; brown markings

as follows: The stigma, base of vein M, origin of Rs, mid-distance

between the last two, along the cord and outer end of cell Ist M,

146 Annals of the South African Museum.

and tip of R, + ; apex of wing slightly infumed. Venation (Plate X,

fig. 7), Sc long, ending opposite the fork of the sector; Rs angulated

and spurred at its origin; basal deflection of R,+; longer

than r-m.

First abdominal tergite blackish, tergites two to six with the basal

half blackish, the caudal half dull yellowish; tergites seven and eight

black ; hypopygium pale yellow; sternites largely dull yellow; the

extreme base and sides more blackish.

Habitat.—South Africa.

Holotype, ¢, Krantz Kloof, Natal, November, 1915 (Marley).

Type in the South African Museum.

This is the first African Rhamphidia to be described.

Gren. ELEPHANTOMYIA, Osten Sacken.

1859. Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 220.

HLEPHANTOMYIA AURANTIACA, Sp. D.

Rostrum black; head black with a sparse grey bloom; thorax

orange ; wings brownish-yellow, the anal angle slightly darkened.

Length uncertain, the abdomen broken; wing 6°7 mm.

Rostrum broken, much longer than the head and thorax together,

black; palpi black. Antennae with the scape black, the flagellum

broken. Head black with a sparse dark grey bloom.

Mesonotum rich orange without darker markings ; metanotum black.

Pleura orange with a slight brownish suffusion. Halteres with the

stem yellow, the knob broken. Legs with the coxae and trochanters

dull yellow; femora rather stout, dull yellow, more brownish toward

the tip; tibiae and tarsi brown. Wings with a strong brownish

yellow tinge; anal angle and along vein Cw slightly darkened; stigma

barely indicated, pale brown ; costa brownish yellow, remaining veins

dark brown. Venation (Plate X, fig. 8), Sc long extending beyond

mid-leneth of Rs; basal deflection of R, + ; a little longer than r-m,

basal deflection of Ow, before the middle of cell Ist M,.

Abdomen broken.

Habitat.—South Africa.

Holotype, sex ? Ceres, Cape Colony, April, 1913 (Lightfoot).

Type in the South African Museum.

Although the type is injured there can be little question about the

generic reference of this fly. It differs from H. wahlbergi Bergroth

(Caffraria) in its black rostrum, orange thorax without a brown

dorso-median stripe, indistinct stigma, ete.

The Crane-flies of South Africa (Diptera, Tipulidae). 147

Gen. STYRINGOMYIA, Loew.

1845. Dipterol. Beitr., vol. 1, p. 6.

STyRINGOMYIA viTratTa, Edwards.

1914. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., June 25, pp. 217, 218.

Two males, Durban, Natal, 1914 (W. Haygarth).

The ventral aspect of the hypopygium was not described nor figured

by Edwards (Plate XIII, figs. 46, 47). The pleurite has a swollen

ventral lobe that is armed on the cephalic face with a sharp chitinized

tooth. The ninth tergite (Plate XIII, fig. 46) is produced into a rather

slender lobe that is squarely truncated at the apex, on each angle with

a small papilla bearing a stout spine.

Gen. ATARBA, Osten Sacken.

1869. Mon. Dipt. N. Am., pt. 4, p. 127.

ATARBA CAPENSIS, Sp. 0.

Antennal flagellum uniformly dark brown ; thorax dull yellow with-

out darker markings ; wings without a stigmal spot.

Male.—Length about 4:4 mm. ; wing 5-1 mm.

Female Length 4:7 mm.; wing 5°5-5°6 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae of the female rather

elongated for this sex, the scape light brown, the flagellum uni-

form dark brown; segments of the female flagellum oval, densely

white pubescent, the segments gradually decreasing in size to the tip,

the last segment not elongated. Head brownish-yellow.

Thorax uniform dull yellow without stripes, the pleura a little

lighter coloured. Halteres short, pale, the knob a little darker. Legs

with the coxae and trochanters dull light yellow ; femora rather stout,

dull yellow, passing into brown at the tip; tibiae and the first tarsal

segment yellowish-brown, the tips darker ; remainder of the tarsi dark

brown. Wings with a strong yellowish tinge on the basal and costal

portions, the distal and anal areas more greyish ; no stigma; veins

yellow in the yellowish area, brown in the greyish areas. Venation

(Plate X, fig. 10), Se short, ending slightly beyond the origin of Rs ;

Sc, about three times the length of Sc,; Rs gently arcuated, a little

more than half the length of R,+.,; basal deflection of Cu, at or

slightly beyond the fork of M.

Abdomen uniform brown, the ovipositor more yellowish; sternal

valves of the ovipositor elongate, acute at the tips ; tergal valves a

148 Annals of the South African Museum.

little more than half as long as the lower valves, blunt at the tips ; in

the male a black ring before the hypopygium.

Habitat.—South Africa.

Holotype, ¢, Hottentot-Hollands Mountains, altitude 4000 ft.,

Caledon, Cape Colony, 1915 (Barnard).

Allotype, 9, with the type.

Paratopotypes, 2 92 9.

Type in the South African Museum.

The present form is the first South African species of the genus to

be discovered.

Trine ERIOPTERINI.

Gen. ERIOPTERA, Meigen.

6 : ’ : 7 ¢ 9f9

1803. Illiger’s Magazine, vol. 2, p. 262.

Sus-cen. EMPEDA, Osten Sacken.

1869. Mon. Dipt. N. Am., pt. 4, p. 183.

ERIOPTERA (HMPEDA) BONAE SPEI, Sp. 0.

Light brownish-grey ; hypopygium yellow ; wings light grey with an

ill-defined brown stigma.

Male.—Length about 3-3°1 mm. ; wing 3:9-4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi brown. Antennae brown, the basal flagellar

segments large, globular, the segments gradually decreasing in

diameter and becoming more and more elongated to the apex. Head

light grey.

Pronotal scutum light yellow. Mesonotum light brown with a dense

grey bloom. Pleura concolorous. Halteres pale yellow the knobs only

slightly darkened. Legs with the coxae brownish-yellow, sparsely

greyish pruinose ; trochanters yellowish-brown ; femora light yellowish-

brown, a little darkened at their tips; tibiae and tarsi dark brown, the

latter blackened on the apical segments. Wings with a slight grey

suffusion, the costal region a little more yellowish ; stigma brown, ill-

defined; veins dark brown. Venation (Plate X, fig. 11), Sc moderately

elongated, extending to about mid-length of the sector; Sc, not distantly

removed from its tip, Se, being about equal to the radial cross-vein ;

cross-vein 7 about equal in length to that portion of R, between it and

the fork of the sector; fused portion of Cu, and M, shorter than or

subequal to the basal deflection of Cu.

Abdomen dark brown ; hypopygium reddish-yellow.

Habitat.—South Africa.

The Crane-flies of South Africa (Diptera, Tipulidae). 149

Holotype, ¢, Cape Town, August, 1909 (Lightfoot).

Allotype, 2, with the type.

Paratopotypes, 6 g 9.

ErioprERA (ERIOPTERA) PERINGUEYI, Bergroth.

1888. Ent. Tidskr., vol. 9, pp. 129, 130.

The types, bearing Bergroth’s label (No. 3), are from Stellenbosch,

near Cape Town, November, 1887 (Peringuey). There-are a few other

specimens in the collection bearing the label “Cape Town, Cape

Colony.” The wing of this beautiful EHrioptera is figured on Plate X,

fig. 12. The specimens show the following measurements :

Male.—Length 7 mm.; wing 5°8 mm.

Female.—Length 6-9-7 mm; wing 7-2 mm.

GEN. TRIMICRA, Osten Sacken.

1861. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 290.

TRIMICRA INCONSPICUA, Loew.

1866. Berlin Entomol. Zeitschr., vol. 10, p. 59 (Gnophomyia).

Several specimens of both sexes from Smithfield, Orange River

Colony (Kannemeyer) ; a few from Stellenbosch, near Cape Town.

These agree closely with the original description of the species. It is

possible that the Limnobia lanuginipes, Walker (Ins. Saunders., p. 435,

1856) is the same species, although there is a considerable discrepancy

in size. The wing is shown on Plate X, fig. 13.

Gren. PLATYLIMNOBIA, gen. n.

Rostrum and palpi short. Head large, wider than the narrow

thorax. Antennae short, 16-segmented ; first scapal segment elongated,

the second short, subglobular, shorter than the first flagellar segment ;

flagellar segments cylindrical. Front broad, widely separating the

eyes ; eyes with coarse ommatidia. Mesothoracic dorsum very flattened,

depressed, the praescutum short, not projecting over the pronotum.

Halteres small, twisted, with about seven or eight bristles on the

elongate knob. Legs slender, the coxae very large, tibiae unspurred-

Wings reduced to mere pads without apparent venation ; a series of

about twenty-five bristles along the costa, about four in the radial

field and about five in the median field. Male hypopygium with the

pleural pieces short, stout, cylindrical, with rather abundant stout

hairs that are larger and more abundant toward the tip; inner faces

of the pleurites grooved to receive the appendages when in a position

150 Annals of the South African Museum.

of rest ; pleural appendages two, strong and powerful, directed inward

and dorsad, the dorsal appendage a simple curved hook that is strongly

chitinised at the apex; ventral appendage flattened, the outer angle

produced into a finger-like lobe that bears a few hairs, longest at the

apex.

Genotype, Platylimnobia barnardi, sp. nu. (Southern Ethiopian

region).

PLATYLIMNOBIA BARNARDI, sp. 0.

Wings rudimentary in both sexes; thoracic dorsum very flattened ;

coxae enlarged ; colouration brownish-yellow, the thorax with a brown

dorso-median stripe.

Male.—Length 4°6-5°3 mm.

Female.—Length 4:5 mm.

Fig. 1.—Platylimnobia barnardi, sp.n. Lateral aspect of the head

and thorax, the legs being removed.

Rostrum short, dark brown; palpi dark brown. Antennae with the

first segment brown, somewhat darker at the tip; second segment dark

brown but not so deeply coloured as the flagellum, the segments of

which are provided with numerous pale hairs and a few bristles. Head

large, rounded, dark brown with a sparse bloom.

Mesonotal praescutum narrow, small, light brownish-yellow with a

broad dark brown median stripe; anterior margin and the pronotal

scutellum shiny; scutal lobes indistinct, yellowish ; scutellum small,

quite indistinct, brownish-yellow ; postnotum elongate, similar to the

scutellum in colour. Pleura brownish anteriorly, more yellowish behind.

Halteres pale. Legs with the fore and middle coxae brownish, the

hind coxae yellowish; trochanters yellowish; femora dark brown, a

little paler basally ; tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Wings dull yellow

with an indistinct venation.

Abdomen brown. The hypopygium of the male as described under

the generic characterisation (Plate XIII, fig. 45). Ovipositor with the

sternal valves powerful, almost straight; tergal valves more slender.

Habitat.—South Africa.

The Crane-flies of South Africa (Diptera, Tipulidae). 151

Holotype, ¢, Hottentot-Hollands Mountains, altitude 4000 ft.,

Caledon, Cape Colony, 1915 (Barnard).

Allotype, 2, with the type.

Paratopotypes, 4 ¢ 2.

Type in the South African Museum.

This curious insect is named in honour of its collector. The outline

of the body is shown in fig. 1.

GEN. PODONEURA, Bergroth.

1888. Ent. Tidskrift, vol. 9, p. 138.

PopONEURA ANTHRACOGRAMMA, Bergroth.

1888. Ent. Tidskrift, vol. 9, pp. 183, 134.

The type-material is from Cape Town (Peringuey) and _ bears

Bergroth’s label No. 7; a ¢ from Cape Town (Lightfoot); a dg,

S. W. District, Cape Colony. The wing of this remarkable insect is

shown on Plate X, fig. 14.

Gen. GNOPHOMYTA, Osten Sacken.

1859. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 223.

GNOPHOMYIA ELEGANS, Wiedemann.

1830. Aussereur. Zweifl. Ins., vol. 2, p. 617 (Limnobia).

The material at hand includes one of Bergroth’s specimens (Caff-

raria, Wahlberg, No. 6) and a female from Durban, Natal, April,

1915 (Marley). The female offers the following measurements, length

about 9°5 mm.; wing, 95 mm. This beautiful fly bears a striking

resemblance to certain of the Neotropical species of Hriocera Macquart,

and it is not strange that Dr. Schiner (Reise Novara) referred it to

this genus. The wing is shown on Plate XI, fig. 15.

Gen. GONOMYIA, Meigen.

Susp-cen. GONOMYIA, Meigen.

1818. Syst. Beschr., vol. 1, p. 146.

Gonomy1A (GONOMYIA) SPURIA, Bergroth.

1888. Ent. Tidskrift, vol. 9, pp. 134, 135.

One female specimen from Lourenco Marquez, Portuguese East

Africa (C. W. Howard), in the collection of the United States National

Museum. The wing is shown on Plate XI, fig. 16.

152 Annals of the South African Museum.

This delicate species bears a certain resemblance to species in many

widely separated regions of the world, especially as regards the

arrangement of media and its branches—the blanda group (Hol-

arctic), Gonomyia proxima, Brunetti (Oriental), and even to Ptilostena,

Bergroth (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, p. 575-578, 1913).

The last-named group is separated from Gonomyia because of its

arrow petiolate wings, the long Sc, and the peculiar shape of cell Ry

of the wings ; G. spuria shows all of these characters except the last,

and it seems doubtful whether Ptilostena should receive more than

sub-generic rank. Edward’s Thaumastoptera aldabrensis (Trans. Linn.

Soc. Lond., vol. 15, pt. 2, p. 205, pl. 10, fig. 10, 1912) isalsoa Gonomyia

that shows many characters in common with Ptilostena. It may here be

mentioned that the Teucholabis flavonotata, Edwards (loc. cit., pp. 205,

206, pl. X, fig. 11), from the Seychelles Islands is a Gonomyia, closely

resembling G. sulphurella, Osten Sacken (E. Nearctic).

Sus-Gen. GONOMYELLA, sub-gen. n.

Differs from Gonomyia, s.s., as follows: Wings with the subcosta

elongate, cell R, very large; radial cross-vein present; cell Ist My,

open by the atrophy of m or the outer deflection of M,.

Type of thesub-genus.— Gonomyiaslossonae, Alexander (Neotropical).

Besides the two Ethiopian species described in this paper, Gonomyia

velutina, Alexander (Peru) also belongs to this group.

GoONOMYIA (GONOMYELLA) NATALENSIS, sp. n.

Head light grey; thorax grey with three brown stripes ; pleura

striped grey and pale yellow; abdominal tergites uniformly dark

brown; wings with subcosta elongate, cross-vein r present and con-

nected with R,+ , cell Ist M, open by the atrophy of the outer

deflection of M,.

Female.— Length about 6°6 mm.; wing 6-2 mm.

Rostrum short, black, with a sparse greyish bloom ; palpi black.

Antennae rather elongated for this sex, black, the first segment about

as long as the two following combined; flagellar segments elongate-

oval with an abundant white pubescence. Head clear light grey, the

vertex with a faint suffusion of brown; space between the eyes very

broad.

Pronotum prominent, light grey, broadly darker medially, the

scutellum more pallid, brownish-yellow. Mesonotal praescutum hight

grey with three dark brown stripes, the median stripe broadest,

ending just before the transverse suture; pseudosutural foveae

prominent, elongate, subtriangular, shiny black; tuberculate pits

The Crane-flies of South Africa (Diptera, Tipulidae). 153

prominent, shiny black, rounded, situated near the anterior margin of

the sclerite, the distance between them a little greater than the

diameter of one ; scutum dark grey ; scutellum pale brown to brownish-

yellow; postnotum black with a sparse grey bloom. Pleura with

the propleural sclerites yellowish; mesopleura pale whitish-yellow,

with two broad blackish-grey stripes, the dorsal one beginning on

the pronotal scutellum continuing caudad to the mesonotal post-

notum ; ventral stripe including the coxae and the mesosternum ;

mesosternum yellowish medially. Halteres pale brown, the knobs darker

brown. Legs with the coxae yellow, the outer faces dark with a

dense grey bloom; trochanters dark brown; remainder of the legs

black. Wings with a pale grey tinge, vein Cw suffused with brown ;

stigma distinct, rounded-oval, brown; veins dark brown. Venation

(Plate XI, fig. 17), Sc very long, extending to beyond mid-length of the

long sector; Sc, rather long, longer than the radial cross-vein but

shorter than vein R, alone; Rs long, somewhat angulated at its

origin; &,+, short; cross-vein 7 connecting R, with R,+ 3; basal

deflection of R,+. long, not on a line with r-m; cell Ist M, open by

the atrophy of the outer deflection of M,; fork of M,+, longer than

its petiole; basal deflection of Cu, beyond the fork of M.

Abdominal tergites dark brownish-black, unmarked, the ovipositor

light yellowish-brown ; sternites black, the segments broadly margined

caudally and laterally with yellowish ; lateral integument bright

yellow.

Habitat.—South Africa.

Holotype, 2, Gillets, Natal, September, 1915 (Marley).

Paratype, 2, Krantz Kloof, Natal, September 26th, 1915 (Marley).

Type in the South African Museum.

GONOMYIA (GONOMYELLA) BREVIFURCA, Sp. 0.

Black ; thorax and abdomen striped and banded with bright yellow ;

wings with the radial cross-vein present; cell Ist M, open by the

atrophy of the medial cross-vein ; fusion of Cu, and M, very extensive,

the remaining fork being very short.

Male.—Length 4 mm. ; wing 3°3 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black, the flagellar segments

rounded-oval. Head black; eyes small with coarse ommatidia ; front

and vertex extensive.

Pronotum black, the scutellum bright yellow. Mesonotum black with

a small yellow blotch on the outer caudal angle of the scutum inside

the wing-base. Pleura bright yellow with two broad black stripes,

the dorsal stripe extending from the pronotum to the mesonotal post-

154 Annals of the South African Museum.

notum ; ventral stripe near the sternum and including all the coxae;

prosternum beneath yellow ; mesosternum with a large oval yellow spot

beneath. Halteres brown, the knobs darker. Legs with the coxae

and trochanters black; femora dark brown, the tips black ; tibiae and

tarsi black. Wings with a pale yellowish-brown tinge; no stigma;

velns brown. Venation (Plate XI, fig. 18), Sc long extending about

one-third to one-quarter the length of the long sector; Sc, indistinct ;

Rs very long; K,+., short, less than R,; cross-vein r present but in-

distinct, connecting with RB, ; basal deflection of R,+. and r-m about

on a line; basal deflection of M,+, obliterated ; cross-vein m lacking

so that cell M, is undivided; fusion of M, with Cw, very extensive,

Cu, alone being about as long as the r-m cross-vein.

Abdomen banded black and yellow, tigrinein appearance, the segments

black with broad caudal margins of bright yellow; hypopygium black.

Habitat.—South Africa.

Holotype, ¢, Hottentot-Hollands Mountains, altitude 4000 ft.,

Caledon, Cape Colony, 1915 (Barnard).

Type in the South African Museum.

This interesting little fly is not like the typical members of the

sub-genus in the manner that cell Ist M, is open. The very short fork

of Cu, and M, is strongly suggestive of the possibility of the loss of one

of these veins by complete fusion to the wing-margin, a very rare con-

dition in this family of flies, the only other comparable case known to

the author being certain species of the Neotropical genus Polymera.

GreN. MONGOMA, Westwood.

1881. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 364.

Moncoma Exornata, Bergroth.

1888. Ent. Tidskrift, vol. 9, pp. 185, 1386 (Trentepohlia).

This interesting fly has a rather extensive range in Eastern and

South-Eastern Africa, as given by the author in an earlier paper

(Can. Ent., vol. 44, p. 204, 1912); a specimen in the collection from

the Bluff, Durban, Natal, August, 1915 (Marley).

Gren. CONOSIA, van der Wulp.

1880. Tijd. v. Entomol., vol. 23, p. 159.

CoNOSIA IRRORATA, Wiedemann.

This is a very widely distributed species that is found practically

throughout the tropics of the Old World. Five ¢,?, M’fongosi,

Zululand, February, 1914 (W. E. Jones).

The Crane-flies of South Africa (Diptera, Tipulidae). 155

Tris—e LIMNOPHILINI.

Gen. LIMNOPHILA, Macquart.

1834. Suit. a Buffon, vol. 1, p. 95.

LIMNOPHILA TRANSVAALICA, Sp. 0.

Antennae elongate; head dark grey; thorax and abdomen orange-

yellow ; wings yellowish without markings.

Female.—Length 10°6 mm.; wing 11:3 mm.

Rostrum and palpi brown. Antennae with the first segment

elongated, ight brown with a pale bloom; second segment brown ;

flagellar segments elongate-cylindrical, black, with sparse pale hairs

and strong bristles near mid-length of the segments. Head prominent,

subtriangular, the eyes being large and semiprotuberent ; space be-

tween the eyes rather narrowed ; anterior portion of the vertex with a

pale grey bloom, remainder of the head dark grey, passing into brownish

on the occiput; several prominent bristles on the vertex along the inner

margin of the eye and another group on the sides of the occiput.

Thorax dull brownish-yellow to orange without distinct darker

markings. Pleura more yellowish. Halteres light yellow at the

base passing into brown toward and on the knob. Legs with the

coxae and trochanters hight yellow; femora brown, brighter basally ;

tibiae dark brown basally, the remainder broken. Wings with a

strong yellowish tinge, the stigma indistinct, pale brown ; costa dark

brown ; remaining veins yellowish-brown. Venation (Plate XI, fig. 19),

Sc long ending beyond the fork of Rs; cross-vein r at the tip of R, ;

basal deflection of Cu, beyond the middle of cell lst M,.

Abdominal tergites brownish-yellow, the eighth and ninth segments

black; sternites reddish-yellow; ovipositor yellowish, the elongate

acicular tergal valves directed strongly upward at the tip.

Habitat.—South Africa.

Holotype, 2, Barberton, Transvaal, November, 1911 (H. Edwards).

Type in the South African Museum.

The structure of the female antennae indicates an elongate organ in

the male sex.

LIMNOPHILA FRUGI, Bergroth.

1888. Ent. Tidskrift, vol. 9, pp. 137, 138.

Two specimens from Natal, a male, Guillets, September, 1915

(Marley), and a specimen of uncertain sex from Krantz Kloof,

February, 1915 (Marley).

156 Annals of the South African Museum.

This is a well-defined species and, as indicated by Bergroth, related

to the Nearctic L. luteipennis, et al.; the bright yellow colour of the

first flagellar segment of the antennae is a conspicuous character.

The male specimen offers the following measurements: Length 8°5 mm.;

wing 8-8'4 mm. The venation is shown on Plate XI, fig. 20.

? LIMNOPHILA DUBIOSA, sp. nD.

Antennae of the male elongated, the flagellum bicolorous; wings

with a heavy brown pattern, with about seven larger blotches along

the costal margin ; cell M, absent ; a strong supernumerary cross-vein

in cell M.

Male.—Length 65 mm.; wing 7-4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae very elongate, but six flagellar

segments remain and the entire organ must be nearly as long as the

wing; scape dark brown; flagellar segments with the basal half

brownish-black, the apical half dull yellow; scapal segments large,

the first segment elongate, the second segment very short, much

broader than long; flagellar segments abruptly narrower than the

scape, elongate-cylindrical, without bristles, but with abundant

elongate pale outstretched hairs. Eyes small with coarse ommatidia ;

space between the eyes very broad. Head discoloured, dark brown.

Thorax dull dark brown, any bloom destroyed by discoloration of

the type. Pleura dark brown. MHalteres elongate, dull brownish-

yellow, the knobs brownish. Legs with the coxae and trochanters dark

brown ; remainder of the legs broken. Wings pale yellowish-white

with a heavy brown pattern, consisting of about seven larger dark brown

blotches along the costa, the first at the wing-base, the third at the

origin of the sector, the fourth at the tip of Sc,, the fifth, largest, at

the tip of R,, the sixth at the tip of R,; the remainder of the wing

is densely spotted and clouded with a paler shade of brown; veins

dark brown, in the paler areas more yellowish. Venation, Se rather

short, ending just before the fork of Rs; Sc, at the tip of Sc,; Rs

elongate, arcuated at its origm; R&,+, rather long, almost in a line

with ks; Rk, and R, divergent, widely separated at the wing-margin ;

basal deflection of R,+- nearer the base of the wings than the r-m

cross-vein; cell M, absent; basal deflection of Cu, under the middle

of cell lst M,; a strong supernumerary cross-vein in cell M, this vein

shghtly subsinuate in its course.

Abdomen dark brown, discoloured.

Habitat.—South Africa.

Holotype, ¢, Stellenbosch, near Cape Town, Cape Colony.

Type in the South African Museum.

The Crane-flies of South Africa (Diptera, Tipulidae). 157

This very interesting fly is, unfortunately, not in good condition,

but the well-marked diagonstic characters are such that it will be

easily recognised. If the generic reference as given above is correct,

then the fly would fall in the sub-genus Idioptera, Macquart (Suit. a

Buffon, vol. 1, p. 94, 1834), the described species of which are Holarctic

in their distribution.

Susp-Faminy TIPULINAE.

Tre DOLICHOPEZINI.

Gen. DOLICHOPEZA, Curtis.

1825. Brit. Entomol., p. 62.

Sus-cen. TRICHODOLICHOPEZA, sub-gen. n.

Differs from Dolichopeza s.s., as follows: Wings with a black

pubescence in all the apical cells from R, to Cu.

Type of the sub-genus.— Dolichopeza (Trichodolichopeza) hirtipennis,

sp. 0.

DoLicHOPEZA (TRICHODOLICHOPEZA) HIRTIPENNIS, Sp. 0.

Head dark brownish-black with a greyish bloom; thorax buff with

three dark brown stripes; wings pale grey with a prominent stigma ;

numerous short hairs in all the apical cells of the wings ; tarsi brown.

Male.—Length 9°8 mm. ; wing 12°5 mm.

Female.—Length 9°] mm.: wing 10°4 mm.

Male.—Frontal prolongation of the head light yellow, the dorso-

median line, including the nasus, dark brown. Antennae of moderate

length, the first segment dull yellow, a little darkened toward the tip ;

second segment bright yellow ; flagellum black ; first flagellar segment

elongated, cylindrical, with numerous scattered bristles: remaining

segments of the flagellum with a sub-basal verticil of stout black

bristles. Eyes with fine ommatidia, rather widely separated ; vertex

with a low protuberance, the latter with the front orange-yellow,

remainder of the head dark brownish-black with a brownish-grey

bloom.

Pronotum buff with a broad dark brown median line. Mesonotal

praescutum pale yellowish-buff with three dark brown stripes, the

median one broadest in front, more narrowed behind ; lateral stripes

short, narrowed in front ; pseudosutural fovea deep, surrounded by a

brown blotch and with another brown mark from the fovea to the

lateral margin of the sclerite ; about a dozen scattered black hairs in

the area just in front of the foeva; scutum buff medially, the lobes

158 Annals of the South African Museum.

dark brown, especially inwardly ; scutellum and postnotum yellowish-

buff, the latter sparsely pale pollinose. Pleura pale whitish with

brown spots. Halteres slender, pale yellow, darkened toward the

knob, which is yellowish at the tip. Legs with the coxae pale with a

sparse whitish bloom: trochanters yellow; femora dull brownish-

yellow, darkened towards the tips; tibiae and tarsi dark brown.

Wings with a pale grey tinge, more whitish subhyaline on the apical

half ; costal cell pale brownish-yellow ; stigma prominent, rectangular,

dark brown ; tip of the wing infuscated ; brown seams along the cord

and the veins excepting M and Ist A; a large white blotch before and

beyond the stigma and the whole area distad of the basal deflection of

Ou, whitish subhyaline; veins dark brown, excepting Rs, R, between

the origin of the sector and the stigma and the fork of M which are

light yellowish-orange; numerous hairs in all the apical cells of the

wings. Venation (Plate XI, fig. 21), Rs short, oblique, tip of R,

atrophied; fused portion of Cu, and M, that portion of M between

r-m and the first fork, and the petiole of M,+, all subequal or the

second a little longer.

Abdomen yellowish-orange, the tergites with the caudal half of each

segment brownish-black ; sternites more uniformly yellow.

Female.—Similar to the male, but the antennae shorter and the

frontal prolongation of the head without the distinct, narrow, median

brown line.

Habitat.—South Africa.

Holotype, ¢, Hottentot-Hollands Mountains, altitude 4000 ft.,

Caledon, Cape Colony, 1915 (Barnard).

Allotype, 2, Winterhoek Mountains, Tulbagh, Cape Colony, altitude

3600 ft., April, 1916 (R. M. L.).

Type in the South African Museum.

Gen. MEGISTOCERA, Wiedemann.

1828. Aussereur. Zweifl. Ins., vol. 1, p. 55.

MeGISTOCERA BICAUDA, Speiser.

1909. Dem Kilimand., dem Meru Exped., Dipt. 10, Orthorr. 4,

pp. 53, 54.

One female, Dunbrody, Blue Chiff, Cape Colony, April 2nd, 1912,

agrees well with Speiser’s description of the species, but the general

coloration of the fly is much darker than stated by Dr. Speiser, the

chestnut-brown shades, as described, being very dark brown. In spite

of these slight differences I believe it to be the same species; the

cloudings on the wings are also a little more extensive than indicated

The Crane-flies of South Africa (Diptera, Tipulidae). 159

for typical bicauda ; the second pair of “ tails” described by Dr. Speiser

are presumably the sternal valves of the ovipositor.

The female specimen offers the following measurements: Length

13°3 mm.; wing 20°2 mm.; fore femur 9°7 mm; hind femur 15 mm.

The abdomen in the specimen at hand is greatly shortened, the inter-

mediate segments being crowded and telescoped together, the terminal

segment (Plate XIII, fig. 42) elongate, cylindrical-tubular, the tergal

valves rather short, curved gently upwards, the apices acute; sternal

valves shorter, straight, and high, the apices rounded to subacute ;

along the dorsal margin a groove containing tufts of long pale hairs ;

viewed from above the tergal valves are strongly divergent apically,

the sternal valves nearly parallel. The wing venation is shown jn

Plate XI, fig. 23; the colour of the membrane is the peculiar whitish

tinge characteristic of the genus; the apex and the margin around to

the first anal vein is indistinctly and very faintly tinged with dusky,

small pale brown clouds as follows: origin of the sector; r-m cross-

vein ; apex of Cw, and second anal.

MEGISTOCERA HIRSUTA, Sp. 0.

Thoracic praescutum greyish-yellow with four brownish-grey stripes ;

thorax with a dense covering of long, pale hairs; wings without dark

markings.

Male.—Length 15 mm. ; wing 20 mm.

Frontal prolongation of the head moderately long, shiny, shorter

than the first antennal segment in this sex, brownish-yellow, nasus

distinct ; palpi yellowish, darkened towards their tips. Antennae with

the scapal segments brownish-yellow, the first segment greatly

enlarged, the flagellum broken. Head greyish-yellow with a broad

median chestnut area.

Thoracic dorsum greyish-yellow, the praescutum with four brownish-

grey stripes of which the median pair are the longest; the thoracic

interspaces are reddish; remainder of the thorax pale whitish, the

scutellum and postnotum with a delicate reddish median line. Thorax

with a dense covering of long, pale, erect hairs. Pleura pale with a

greyish-white bloom. Halteres slender, brown, yellowish at the

extreme base. Legs with the coxae very small, whitish; trochanters

dull yellow ; femora dull yellow, the extreme tip narrowly dark brown ;

tibiae similar, the apices brown; tarsi brownish-yellow. Wings with

the peculiar whitish tinge characteristic of the genus, without seams or

darker markings on the veins or at the wing-tip. Venation as in

Plate XI, fig. 24; the stigma is of a much paler shade of brown than

in bicauda, the second anal cell much larger, vein Cu, more sprawly, ete.

160 Annals of the South African Museum.

Abdominal tergites chestnut-brown, sublaterally much paler, light

greyish-buff ; segment one and most of segment two with a narrow

dark brown lateral line; segments three to eight with a pale greyish-

buff triangular spot at the base of each segment, the apex of the

triangle directed caudad.

Habitat.— Portuguese East Africa.

Holotype, ¢, Quelimane, Lourenco Marquez, December 20th, 1908

(C. W. Howard).

Type in the collection of the United States National Museum, the

species being added here to complete the data.

This fly differs from all of the described African species in the con-

spicuous erect hairs on the thorax.

Gen. LEPTOTIPULA, gen. n.

Frontal prolongation of the head moderately prominent, nasus

distinct. Antennae of the male elongate, 12-segmented, the first and

third segments subequal in length; flagellar segments very elongated,

cylindrical, the first flagellar segment shortest, thence gradually

increasing in length to the fifth, and then shortened to the tip.

Tibiae with short spurs. Wings with R, oblique ; cross-vein r short ;

a long fusion of Cu, and M,, this distance equal to the length of cell

lst M,; second anal vein short.

Genotype, Leptotipula limnophiloides, sp. nu. (Southern Ethiopian

region ).

The long fusion of Cu, and M, is a Limnobiine character and quite

unexpected in this sub-family. In Dolichopeza and Nephrotoma long

fusions may occur, but they are between Cu, and M.

LEPTOTIPULA LIMNOPHILOIDES, Sp. 0.

Antennae elongated ; femora black at the tip with a yellow sub-

terminal annulus; wings with a distinct brown stigma; veins Cu,

and M, fused for the length of cell Ist Mo.

Male.—Length 7°6 mm.; wing 8:2 mm. ; antennae about 4:8 mm.

Frontal prolongation of the head rather prominent, brown, the

entire dorsal half abruptly light yellow; a distinct nasus with

numerous pale yellow hairs; palpi dark brown. Antennae elongated,

the three basal segments brownish-yellow, the remainder dark brown ;

first flagellar segment short, about as long as the first scapal segment ;

remaining segments of the flagellum exceedingly elongated, slender,

with abundant pale outstretched hairs and scattered black bristles.

Head broad, the eyes large with fine ommatidia ; a low tubercle on the

The Crane-flies of South Africa (Diptera, Tipulidae). 161

vertex, this with a deep median furrow; head yellowish-brown with

an indistinct narrow darker median line.

Thorax dull brownish-yellow with three rather indistinct brown

stripes on the praescutum; scutum and postnotum brown, the

scutellum more yellowish. Pleura yellow, the mesopleura largely

brown with a sparse pale bloom. Halteres elongated, pale yellowish,

the bases of the knobs dark brown, the apices brighter. Legs with

the coxae small, greyish-yellow with a bloom; trochanters yellow

suffused with brown; femora brown, paler at the extreme base, the

tip black, a subequal pale yellow ring just before the tip; tibiae dark

brown, the tips narrowly darker ; tarsi dark brown ; tibial spurs very

short. Wings with the basal half pale greyish, the apical half more

hyaline; stigma prominent, rectangular, dark brown; pale brown

marks at the base of M, origin and fork of Rs and along the basal

deflection of Cu,; tip of the wing in cell R, a little darkened; a

narrow hyaline streak in cell R just before the bend in the sector ;

base of the wing more hyaline. Venation (Plate XI, fig. 22), Sc,

entering R, just beyond the fork of Rs; Rs rather long, angulated

and spurred at its origin; cell R, large, vein R, oblique, the radial

cross-vein somewhat indistinct; vein M strongly arcuated just before

its fork ; basal deflection of Cu, at the fork of M and fused with M,

for a distance about equal to the deflection of Cu, alone; second anal

rather short and straight.

Abdomen with the basal tergites pale yellow, the second segment

with the intermediate portion dark brown; third to sixth tergites

blackish basally, the apices broadly silvery; a large yellowish sub-

apical area; seventh segment largely yellow; eighth and ninth seg-

ments black; sternites dark brown, the caudal margins broadly

silvery; third to sixth sternites with a narrow linear yellow mark on

the mid-line and a yellowish subterminal area; eighth and ninth

segments dark brown. Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite

black, the sclerite arched so that the caudal margin (Plate XIV, fig. 54)

appears to be very broadly V-shaped; the dorsal surface with

numerous black semi-appressed hairs. Ninth pleuro-sternite exten-

sive, profoundly incised beneath on the mid-ventral line, projecting

beyond the caudal margin of the ninth tergite, the surface with

numerous long hairs; pleural appendages two (Plate XIII, fig. 43),

the outer one slender, the extreme base narrowed, the knob elongate

with a very few scattered hairs ; inner appendage compressed, ending

in a slender, finger-like lobe that projects into the notch of the

tergite, the outer margin of the sclerite with numerous outstretched

black hairs giving a hystriciform appearance to the appendage.

162 Annals of the South A frican Museum.

Habitat.—South Africa.

Holotype, ¢, Clairmont, Natal, August, 1915 (Marley).

Type in the South African Museum.

Tre TIPULINI.

Gen. LONGURIO, Loew.

1869. Berlin. Entomol. Zeitschr., vol. 13, p. 3.

LONGURIO MINUSCULUS, Sp. Nn.

Head black with a greyish-brown bloom; thorax orange-yellow,

unmarked ; abdomen brownish, the basal segments and the hypo-

pygium yellowish.

Male.—Length 8:2-9°6 mm. ; wing 8°8-10°3 mm.

Frontal prolongation .of the head moderate in length, yellowish-

brown, the mid-dorsal region darker, the nasus present, with elongate

hairs ; palpi dark brown. Antennae short, the scape yellowish, the

flagellum dark brownish-black ; first segment as long as the succeeding

two together; second segment pyriform; first flagellar segment

enlarged, elongate-pyriform, the remaining segments gradually

narrowed and more slender; hairs on the flagellum very short.

Head black with a greyish-brown bloom, the front yellowish, this

colour continued on to the vertex along the inner margin of the eyes ;

ventral sclerites of the head yellowish ; sometimes the occiput is dull

yellow.

Thorax orange-yellow without markings, the pleura more yellowish.

Halteres long and slender, brown, the knob darker. Legs with the

coxae and trochanters yellow; femora and tibiae yellow, darkened

towards their tips; tarsi dark brown. Wings light grey, the costal

region yellowish ; stigma small, greyish-yellow ; veins brown, Vena-

tion (Plate XI, fig. 26), petiole of cell M, about one-half the leneth of

vein M, alone.

Abdomen with the basal tergites yellowish, more brown medially ;

on segments three to eight dark brown, more yellowish sublaterally ;

sternites dull yellow, the eighth segment brown; hypopygium dull

yellow. Male hypopygium (Plate XIII, fig. 51) of the typical Longurio

structure, the ninth tergite (Plate XIV, fig. 56) small. deeply incised by

a U-shaped notch, the lateral lobes slender, subacute at their tips ;

the ninth sterno-pleurite moderately elongated, bearing at its apex

the pleural appendages that are beset by numbers of short black

spicules ; these appendages in a position of rest lie in the dorsal con-

cavity of the ninth sterno-pleurite.

The Crane-flies of South Africa (Diptera, Tipulidae). 163

Habitat.—South Africa.

Holotype, ¢, Hottentot-Hollands Mountains, altitude 4000 ft.,

Caledon, Cape Colony, 1915 (Barnard),

Paratopotypes,3 dg.

Type in the South African Museum.

LoNGURIO BONAE SPEI, Bergroth.

1888. Ent. Tidskrift, vol. 9, pp. 188, 139 (Tipula).

A male specimen, without locality, but Bergroth’s original deserip-

tion gives Stellenbosch, near Cape Town. The fly gives the following

measurements : Length 10-2 mm.; wing 12°3 mm. ; middle leg, femur

75mm.; tibia 86 mm.; hind leg, femur 9'lmm.; tibia ll‘4mm. The

male hypopygium (Plate XITTI, fig.48) has the ninth tergite (Plate XIV,

fiz. 55) rather short with a deep U-shaped median notch, dark brown,’

the margin more yellowish; the lobes with appressed black hairs

that are directed cephalad; lateral lobes broad at their apices. Ninth

sterno-pleurite elongated, about two times the length of the tergite,

conical in lateral aspect, profoundly incised on the median line beneath ;

pleural appendages elongated, lying in the dorsal concavity of the

sclerite, bearing along the dorsal edge a series of about five or six

sharp black spines that are directed strongly cephalad ; these spines

are situated on the sharp edge of the appendage and in alignment.

Bergroth, in his original description of this species, discussed in

general terms the peculiar structure of the hypopygium without giving

any intimation that it agreed with that of Longurio. The general

appearance of the fly is very similar to certain Nearctic species of

Tipula of the tricolor group (especially elwta, Loew), but the structure

of the male hypopygium as described above seems to indicate that the

present generic reference is more nearly correct. The genotype,

Longurio testaceus, Loew (North-Eastern Nearctic region), has a

hypopygium of the same structure, the short notched tergite and the

greatly produced ninth sterno-pleurite bearing the compressed pleural

appendages on their dorsal face ‘and jutting into the tergal notch,

together with the profound incision of the sterno-pleurite beneath,

so that the sclerite is completely bisected.

Gren. CTENACROSCELIS, Enderlein.

1912. Zool. Jahrb., vol. 32, pt. 1, pp: 1, 2.

CrENACROSCELIS ALBOVITTATUS, Macquart.

1838. Diptéres Exotiq., vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 53 (Tipula).

This handsome crane-fly has an extensive range throughout the

southern half of Africa and the adjacent islands—Mauritius (Mac-

164 Annals of the South African Museum.

quart) ; Reunion (Loew); Madagascar (Bigot) ; Caffraria (Bergroth) ;

Kilimandjaro (Speiser).

The following records are contained in the material at hand :

@, Natal, Krantz Kloof, February, 1916 (Marley), bearing the

number 852.

S, Zululand, M’fongosi, February, 1912 (W. E. Jones).

2, Southern Rhodesia, Que Que (Bultitude); @, Salisbury,

May 12th, 1914.

The specimens give the following measurements :

Male.—Length 17 mm.; wing 20°5 mm.; middle leg, femur 13°3

mm.; tibia 15°8 mm.; hind leg, femur 13°8 mm.; tibia 15 mm.

Female.—Length 24 mm.; wing 2] mm.

The wing is shown on Plate XI, fig. 27.

The male hypopygium has the ninth tergite (Plate XIV, fig. 57)

elongate, shghtly narrowed toward the tip, deeply split by a narrow

V-shaped notch, the adjacent lobes slender, rounded at their tips ;

the dorsal surface with an abundance of delicate appressed hairs.

Gen. TIPULA, Linnaeus.

1758. Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 585.

TIPULA CHIONOIDES, sp. .

Subapterous, at least in the female sex; nasus bifid at the apex ;

coloration dark brown ; legs short.

Female.—Length 15 mm. ; wing ‘9 mm.; fore legs, femur 3°7 mm. ;

tibia 42 mm.; tarsus 46 mm.; hind legs, femur 5°5 mm.; tibia

6-1 mm.; tarsus about 6°5 mm.

Frontal prolongation of the head rather elongate, dark brown, the

apex deeply bifid by a U-shaped notch (Plate XITI, fig. 44), producing

two nasiiorm projections, each of which is armed with numerous

strong bristles; palpi short, dark brown, the terminal segment not

elongated. Antennae with the two basal segments dark brown, the

flagellar segments dull yellowish; first scapal segment elongate-

cylindrical; the second short-globular; flagellar segments short-

cylindrical. Head dark brown with a strong median tubercle on the

vertex just behind the antennal bases.

Thorax dark brown with a sparse yellowish pollen, but without

distinct stripes; pleura dark brown with a sparse yellowish-brown

bloom. Halteres with the knob elongated, dark brown throughout.

Legs with the coxae powerful, elongate, dark brown; trochanters

similar in colour; femora very short, especially the anterior pair,

incrassate, dark brown; tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Wings very

The Crane-flies of South Africa (Diptera, Tipulidae). 165

reduced, less than a millimetre in length and not exceeding the

halteres, extending to the base of the abdomen; they are somewhat

curved, dark brown basally, more yellowish apically, venation in-

distinct.

Abdominal tergites rather dark brown with numerous large black

blotches, and with abundant scattered yellowish appressed hairs, and

black rectangular areas of close-set impressed punctures lying trans-

versely across the sclerites; on segment two they are about mid-

length of the segment and interrupted medially and two small

areas on either side near the caudal margin ; segments three to seven

with the broad transverse bands sub-basal in position, interrupted

Fig. 2.—Tipula chionoides, sp.n. Lateral aspect, with the middle leg removed.

medially and with two small areas on either side of the median line

and near the caudal margin of the sclerite; sternites brown with

darker brownish-black blotches and with impressed punctured areas

arranged about as on the tergites; ovipositor with the tergal valves

elongate, obtuse at their tips; sternal valves much shorter, more acute

at the tips.

Habitat—South Africa.

Holotype, 2, South Africa, the exact station unknown.

Type in the South African Museum.

The general habit of the insect is shown in fig. 2.

The genus Icriomastax, Enderlein (Zool. Jahrb., vol. 32, pt. 1, p. 9,

1912), established for the Brazilian I. ocellata, Enderlein, is the only

other crane-fly known to me in which the nasus is bifid.

166 Annals of the South African Museum.

TipuLA soror, Wiedemann.

1821. Diptera Exotica, vol. 1, p. 24.

1828. Aussereur. Zweifl. Ins., vol. 1, p. 46.

There are two specimens in the collection, a male without exact

locality, and Bergroth’s specimen (No. 2), a female from Cape Town.

The specimens give the following measurements :

Male.—Length 18°6 mm.; wing 19°1 mm.

Female.-Length 23°5 mm.; wing 19:2 mm.; fore leg of female,

femur 8°5 mm.; tibia 10 mm.; middle leg, femur 10 mm.; tibia

10°2 mm.; hind leg, femur 12 mm.; tibia 14°] mm.

The antennae are short, light yellow, the basal enlargement of the

‘lagellar segments with four black verticils. The wings are shown on

Plate XII, fig. 28. Male hypopygium (Plate XIII, fig. 49) with the

sclerites of the ninth segment fused into a ring, continuous except on

the mid-ventral line of the sternite, where the edges are contiguous

and carinate ; pleural suture short, almost straight, shghtly upcurved

at the end. Ninth tergite (Plate XIV, fig. 58) moderate in size, the

caudal margin concave with a very broad median lobe, whose caudal

margin is squarely truncated and bifid for a short distance by a deep

line ; the caudal dorsal margin with numerous small black spicules ;

a shallow semicircular depression at the base of the median lobe.

Outer pleural appendage very broad and flat, pale, almost white, the

apex somewhat obliquely truncated, the outer face with short, appressed

hairs that are most numerous at the cephalic dorsal angle of the lobe ;

inner pleural appendage showing through the translucent outer

appendage as figured, complex, flattened, the apex produced into

a slender darkened tip; a small tuft of yellowish hairs on the margin

of the sternite just ventrad of the pleural suture.

TIPULA ZAMBEZIENSIS, Sp. n.

Coloration orange-yellow; wings yellowish-grey, the costal region

more saturated; male hypopygium with the sclerites of the ninth

segment fused into a ring, the tergite with two divergent flattened

horns on the caudal margin.

Male.—Length about 14 mm.; wing 14°4 mm.

Female—Length about 21 mm.; wing 15°8 mm.

Frontal prolongation of the head yellowish-orange, the nasus

elongate, slender ; palpi dark brown. Antennae with the scape dull

orange ; flagellum brown, the basal swellings of the segments darker

brown ; flagellar segments elongate-cylindrical, very slender, with long

The Crane-flies of South Africa (Diptera, Tipulidae). 167

verticils. Head deep brownish-orange without distinct darker

markings.

Mesonotal praescutum dull orange-yellow with four stripes that are

mottled orange and dark brown, the elongate middle pair almost con-

tinuous along the median line, the lateral stripes lying very close to the

central pair; scutum light yellow with a greenish tinge, each lobe with

two dark marks, the larger one lying caudally and nearer the median

line; scutellum and postnotum dull yellow, the latter with a strong

ereenish tinge. Pleura clear light yellow, unmarked. Halteres

dark brown. Legs with the coxae and trochanters light yellow;

femora yellowish-brown, the tips darker brown; tibiae light brown,

the tips narrowly darker brown; tarsi dark brown. Wings with a

yellowish-grey tinge, the costal region and the stigma yellowish ; veins

dark brown. Venation (Plate XII, fig. 29 ), Rs short, straight, oblique ;

cells R, very small.

Abdomen with the basal segments light yellow, sub-basal segments

dull yellow, indistinctly and narrowly trivittate with dark brown, the

segments soon passing into a more uniform brownish. Male hypopy-

gium (Plate XITI, fig. 53) with the sclerites of the ninth segment fused

into a continuous ring except on the mid-ventral line of the sternite.

Region of the ninth tergite (Plate XIV, fig. 59) with the median area

slightly projecting caudad and bearing on either side of the median

line a flattened subacute lobe, the space between these horns U-shaped

and a little less than the diameter of a single horn ; the horns divergent.

Outer pleural appendage a broad flattened pale lobe that is obliquely

truncated at the apex, and the outer face with rather sparse sub-

appressed black bristles; inner pleural appendage more complex,

consisting of a long finger-like lobe that projects cephalad, the caudal

edge with a fringe of long yellow bristles. Region of the ninth sternite

extensive, carinate on the mid-ventral line, the edges closely approxi-

mated. Eighth sternite unarmed.

The female has the thoracic stripes indistinct, the abdominal segments

yellowish-brown, indistinctly and narrowly trivittate with darker brown ;

ovipositor with the tergal valves very long and slender, the apices

slightly expanded; sternal valves short, deep, the tips somewhat

rounded to subacute.

Habitat.—South Africa.

Holotype, ¢, Victoria Falls, Rhodesia, July, 1911 (L. Périn-

guey ).

Allotype, 9, Kafue River, Northern Rhodesia, 1906 (J. Drury).

Paratype, 2, Krantz Kloof, Natal, January, 1915 (Marley).

Type in the South African Museum.

168 Annals of the South African Museum.

TipuLA pomposa, Bergroth.

1888. Ent. Tidskrift., vol. 9, p. 139, fig. 4.

A male from Barberton, Transvaal, March, 1911 (H. Edwards); a

female from the same station, December, 1911; a female from

M’fongosi, Zululand, March, 1911 (W. E. Jones); Bergroth’s type

was from Caffraria.

The wing is shown on Plate XII, fig. 30.

The specimens offer the following measurements :

Male.—Length 19°5 mm.; wing 21:8 mm.

Female.—Length about 27 mm.; wing 23°8-28°2 mm.; fore legs,

femur, 12°8 mm; tibia 15-4 mm.; hind legs, femur, 14°4 mm. ; tibia

18 mm.

Male hypopygium (Plate XIII, fig. 52) with the sclerites of the ninth

segment fused into a ring that is continuous except on the mid-ventral

line beneath ; pleural suture distinct but incomplete, slightly curved

at the end. Ninth tergite (Plate XIV, fig. 60) broad, the caudal margin

produced medially into a slender lobe whose tip is truncated with a

U-shaped notch; this lobe is concave dorsally, the lateral margins

being slightly elevated, the caudal margin with numerous chitinised

points which continue back on the dorsal surface of the lobe for

about half its length: Pleural appendages two, the outer appendage

slightly elongate-oval, the inner appendage more rounded-oval with

cephalad-projecting arms. Sternal region profoundly incised on the

mid-ventral line, the adjacent edges barely contiguous.

TIPULA JOCOSA, Sp. n.

Flagellum of the antennae black; head chestnut-brown with a

median black stripe; thoracic stripes dull yellow, narrowly margined

with dark brown; wings greyish subhyaline with sparse brownish

spots and seams ; cell lst M, large and ample.

Female.—Length about 25 mm.; wing 19°8 mm.

Frontal prolongation of the head reddish-brown with black dorsal

and lateral lines, elongated, the nasus long and slender; palpi black,

the bases and apices of the first two segments dull yellow, the

remaining segments broken. Antennae short, the first scapal seg-

ment dull yellow, blackened above toward the tip; second segment

brownish-black, globular; flagellar segments elongated, black, with

elongated bristles. Head chestnut-brown with a well-defined median

black stripe, the occiput more brownish.

Mesonotal praescutum dull yellow with four dull yellow stripes

that are narrowly margined with dark brown; middle pair of stripes

The Crane-flies of South Africa (Diptera, Tipulidae). 169

narrowly separated behind, but confluent in front, where the yellow

of the stripes is darkened, more greyish ; lateral margin of the sclerites.

black, narrowed out in front and not continuous over the mid-line;

scutum dull yellow, the median area and posterior portions of the

lobes blackish; scutellum dull brownish-yellow, darkened behind ;

postnotum yellow, broadly dark brown medially. Pleura discoloured,

apparently dull yellow with blackish markings. Halteres dark brown,

the knob light yellow. Legs with the coxae and trochanters pale ;

femora brownish-yellow, the tips broadly black, a little brightened

just before the tips; tibiae yellowish-brown, the tips indistinctly and

narrowly brown; tarsi dark brown. Wings greyish subhyaline, the

costal cell light yellow ; apex of the wing greyish in cells R,, K,, and

base of R,; stigma dark brown; dark brown seams along the cord

and the veins surrounding cell lst M,; a brown spot at the base of

the wing and a brown seam along the base of vein Cu and along the

forks of this vein; a large hyaline area in cell M along vein Cu;

veins dark brown; a yellow area at the base of M and Cu anda

smaller area just before the stigma. Venation (Plate XII, fig. 31),

Rs very short, Rk, not arcuated, as in Ctenceroscelis ; cells 1st M, and

M, large and full; petiole of cell M, not as long as the basal deflection

of Cu, ; fusion of Cu, with M, subequal to the 7-m cross-vein.

Abdominal tergites pale yellowish-brown, the basal third of the

intermediate segments yellow; sternites paler basally, the apical

sclerites darker.

Habitat.—South Africa.

Holotype, 2, Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope (P. C. Keytel).

Type in the South African Museum.

TIPULA CORONATA, Sp. N.

Antennae with the basal four or five flagellar segments much

larger than the slender apical segments; coloration dark grey with

a sparse yellowish pollen; wings brownish-grey with the stigma

brown; male hypopygium with the ninth tergite having the caudal

margin with an acute median notch.

Male.—Length 8-87 mm.; wing 9°5-11'4 mm.

Frontal prolongation of the head dark brown, the dorsal half

abruptly yellowish, nasus prominent; palpi short, dark brown.

Antennae dark brown, the scape a little paler and with a sparse

greyish bloom; first four segments of the flagellum enlarged, but

gradually smaller than one another, the terminal seven segments of

the flagellum eylindrical, slender, approximately subequal in length

and more yellowish than the basal flagellar segments. Head clear

170 Annals of the South African Museum.

light grey, the front more yellowish ; tubercle on the vertex low with

a shallow median groove and a broad V-shaped notch in front.

Thoracic dorsum blackish with a yellowish-brown bloom ; two dorso-

median dark brown lines on the praescutum ;*scutum clear grey. the

lobes more brownish laterally ; postnotum clear light grey with an

indistinct blackish median line. Pleura light grey. Halteres elon-

gate, dull yellow, the knobs brownish. Legs with the coxae dull

yellow with a sparse whitish bloom; trochanters yellow with a

blackish mark on the lower side; femora hght brown, a little darkened

at the tips; tibiae and tarsi brown. Wings brownish-grey, the costal

cell a little more suffused; stigma distinct, but ill-defined, dark brown:

a vitreous hand along the cord and crossing cell 1st M,: veins dark

brown, the veins in the path of the vitreous band and the tips of R,

and #, pale. Venation (Piate XII, fig. 32), Rs weak, rather short:

second anal short.

Abdominal tergites grey, the sternites more reddish-grey. Male

hypopygium (Plate XIII, fig. 50) with the ninth tergite (Plate XIV,

fig. 61) subquadrate, the caudal margin with a very deep median

re-entrant angle; caudal margin densely beset with powerful black

bristles ; margin of the U-shaped notch pale, the inner ventral angle

of each of the lateral lobes produced beneath into a blunt lobule that

is armed at the tip on the outer face with three stout black teeth and

several powerful bristles. Ninth pleurite small, triangular, bearing

at its outer ventral angle the pleural appendages; pleural appendages

consisting of a rounded knob that is densely beset with powerful

short spines and numerous bristles ; a flattened lobe lying distad of this

knob, whose margin is armed with a crown of six or seven stout spines

that are subequal in size and equidistantly spaced; a stout hair on

the underside near the tip. Ninth sternite very extensive, profoundly

incised on the mid-ventral line, each division powerful, bearing at

the apex a small pale triangular lobe that seems to be the ninth

pleurite.

In a paratype the fifth flagellar segment is a little larger than

those which follow, and apparently belongs to the same series, with

the four basal flagellar segments; the frontal prolongation of the

head not so pale dorsally. In the two paratypes from the Winterhoek

Mountains the size is very small, the smallest measurements given.

Habitat.—South Africa.

Holotype, ¢, South-west District, Cape Colony.

Paratopotype, J; paratypes,2 ¢ g, Winterhoek Mountains, Tulbagh,

Cape Colony, altitude 3600 ft., April, 1916 (R. M. Lightfoot).

Type in the South African Museum.

The Craue-flies of South Africa (Diptera, Tipulidae). 171

TIPULA CAFFRA, Sp. 0.

Antennae with the flagellar segments uniformly elongate-cylin-

drical; coloration blackish with a yellowish pollen ; wings brownish-

grey, the stigma and costal cell yellowish-brown; male hypopygium

of simple structure, the ninth tergite extensive, profoundly incised

medially by a V-shaped notch that extends about to the eighth tergite.

Male.— Length about 10 mm.; wing 10°6 mm.

Frontal prolongation of the head narrowed basally, dark brownish-

black with a sparse greyish bloom; nasus not distinct, but the whole

apex of the prolongation with an abundance of stout black bristles ;

palpi short, black. Antennae black with sparse tiny grey hairs ;

flagellar segments elongate-cylindrical, even more narrowed toward

the tip of the organ. Head with the frontal tubercle not very

prominent ; head black witha heavy greyish-golden pollen ; a blackish

area on either side of the median line.

Thoracic praescutum dark with a heavy yellowish pollen and with

four brown stripes, the median pair confluent in front; scutellum dull

yellowish ; postnotum yellow, darkened behind. Pleura with the

mesopleurites dark brown with a greyish pruinosity, the metapleurites

light brown, conspicuously and abruptly lighter coloured than the

anterior sclerites. Halteres brownish-yellow, the knobs darker. Legs

with the anterior and middle coxae dark brown, the posterior coxae

brownish-yellow ; trochanters brownish-yellow ; femora light yellowish-

brown, the tips broadly dark brown; tibiae brown, darker at the

tips; tarsi dark brown. Wings brownish-grey, the costal cell and

stigma light yellowish-brown ; a yellowish tinge along Cu; a vitreous

band before the cord crossing cell Ist M, and a smaller vitreous spot

beyond the stigma; veims dark brown, paler in the vitreous areas.

Venation (Plate XII, fig. 33), Rs rather elongate, strongly angulated

at its origin ; second anal vein short and straight.

Abdomen with the basal segment light reddish-yellow; remaining

segments black with a sparse greyish bloom. Male hypopygium of

simple structure. Ninth tergite dark brown, extensive, profoundly

incised medially by a V-shaped notch, this cut extending about to the

eighth segment, so that the ninth tergite, viewed from above, is

completely divided into two lobes, each lobe triangular, the apex sub-

acute. Ninth sterno-pleurite smaller than the tergite, dark brown,

the pleural region yellowish ; appendages yellow, simple in structure ;

pleural suture deep, black and almost straight; sternal region

profoundly incised on the mid-ventral line, the adjacent edges not

contiguous.

172 Annals of the South African Museum.

Habitat.—South Africa.

Holotype, ¢, Winterhoek Mountains, Tulbagh, Cape Colony, alti-

tude 3600 ft., 1916 (R. M. L.).

Type in the South African Museum.

Gen. NEPHROTOMA, Meigen.

1803. Tlliger’s Mag., vol. 2, p. 262.

1834. Macquart, Hist. Nat. des Insect.; Dipt., vol. 1, p. 88

(Pachyrrhina).

The South African species of this difficult genus are still not well

understood. There are eleven described species that may be considered

regional, five of which (awrantiaca, Macquart, petiolata, Macquart,

delegorguei, Macquart, crocea, Loew, and capensis, Rondani) are

apparently very closely related, and I have been unable to distinguish

them satisfactorily ; they belong to the group of species with black

thoracic stripes and the intermediate abdominal tergites with black

markings of various shapes and greater or less extent. To determine

these species accurately it will be necessary to have an abundance of

material and to study the type-specimens where they are in existence.

Unfortunately most of the species were described from female speci-

mens, which sex shows very few of the necessary specific characters.

NEPHROTOMA UMBRIPENNIS, Sp. ll.

Antennal flagellum dark brown; head orange-yellow; thoracic

praescutum with the median stripe chestnut margined with black ;

scutellum and postnotum pale; pleura spotted yellow and_ pale

reddish ; abdomen with the basal tergites unmarked medially ; wings

suffused with brownish ; m-cw cross-vein beyond the fork of M; Rs

somewhat elongated ; cell M, sessile.

Male.—Length 14-4 mm. ; wing 15°3 mm.

Frontal prolongation of the head short, pale yellow ; palpi brown.

Antennae moderate in length, the scape yellow, the second segment a

little darker; first flagellar segment pale basally, passing into dark

brown at the tip; remaining segments dark brownish-black on the

basal swelling, the pedicels dark brown; first flagellar segment

elongated, longer than the combined scape; remaining flagellar

segments deeply incised beyond the basal swelling. Head orange,

the occipital mark dark brown, very large, sending its anterior angle

far up on to the frontal tubercle.

Pronotum dull yellow medially. Mesonotal praescutum dull yellow

with three stripes; median stripe rich chestnut-brown, broadly

The Crane-flies of South Africa (Diptera, Tipulidae). 173

margined on each side with black, becoming indistinct before the

transverse suture; lateral stripes shiny black, slightly out-curved at

their anterior ends; scutum dull yellow, the lobes with the proximal

half black, being caudal prolongations of the lateral praescutal

stripes ; scutellum and postnotum dull yellow. Pleura light yellow

with pale reddish blotches, these arranged as two indistinct bands, the

ventral band occupying the sternum and suffusing all the coxae; pro-

pleura brownish; sides of the postnotum largely brownish-red. Halteres

brown, stem paler at the base. Legs with the coxae as described above ;

trochanters and femora dull yellow, the latter with the tips dark

brownish-black; tibiae dark brown; tarsi broken. Wings with a

strong brown or yellowish-brown suffusion, the costal cell rich yellowish ;

stigma pale brown, indistinct ; a brown seam along Cw ; a pale vitreous

area before the stigma and at the base of cell lst M,. Venation

(Plate XII, fig. 34), with the point of contact between Cu, and M,

underneath cel! 1s¢ M,as in the genus Tipula; Rs elongated, also as in

Tipula ; cell M, sessile as in Nephrotoma.

Abdomen rich orange-yellow without dorsal markings, except on the

fifth to eighth tergite, where there is a rounded blackish median mark ;

lateral margins of the sclerites darkened ; sternites with a sublinear

black median mark on segment five to eight. Male hypopygium

(Plate XIV, fig. 62) with the caudal margin of the ninth tergite almost

straight, produced laterally into a subacute shiny tooth, medially with

an obscure notch ; caudal margin shiny, heavily chitinised, with about

two small black teeth on each side of this notch ; ninth pleurite nearly

complete, the pleural suture being very long and straight, running

back to the eighth segment; outer pleural appendage elongate, pale,

rounded at the apex; ninth sternite profoundly incised medially, the

lateral angles contiguous.

Habitat—South Africa.

Holotype, ¢, South Africa, without exact locality.

Type in the South African Museum.

In the venation and the male hypopygium this form closely

approaches Tipulu and shows the close relationship between this genus

and Tipula.

NEPHROTOMA EDWARDSI, Sp. nl.

Head orange without a distinct occipital mark ; thorax dusky brown

with darker stripes; abdomen orange-yellow, the apical segments,

including the hypopygium, blackish; legs black except at the extreme

bases of the femora.

Male.—Length 14°5 mm.; wing 14:7 mm.

174 Annals of the South African Museum.

Frontal prolongation of the head short, orange; palpi brown.

Antennae with the first scapal segment orange, second segment dull

yellow ; first flagellar segment dull yellow, pale with a dense pale

pubescence ; remainder of the antennae broken. Head bright orange,

the frontal tubercle large and high; occipital mark not apparent.

Pronotum brown. Mesonotal praescutum brown with three ill-

defined dark brown stripes that are not conspicuous on this dark

background ; anterior ends of the lateral stripes capped by a velvety-

black mark; scutum pale brown with the lobes dark brown, at the

outer cephalic angle with a velvety-black spot; scutellum and _ post-

notum pale brown. Pleura brown with scattered darker brown

markings. Halteres short, dark brown, the extreme bases paler.

Legs with the coxae brown; trochanters dull yellow; femora black,

the extreme bases a little brighter; tibiae and tarsi black. Wings

with a pale grey tinge, the costal cell rather dark brown; stigma

dark brown; a brownish seam along Cu, Rs, Rj, R, and R,+.; veins

black. Venation (Plate XII, fig. 35), Rs rather elongate for this genus

of flies; m-cw at the fork of M; cell M rather broadly to merely

sessile.

Abdominal tergites dull orange-yellow, brightest at the base, on the

sixth segment passing into brownish-black ; apical segments, including

the hypopygium, blackish; lateral margins of the tergites narrowly

black ; sternites colored about as on the tergites. Male hypopygium

with the ninth tergite black, the caudal margin with a deep U-shaped

notch. Abdomen with numerous appressed hairs, more elongate and

prominent toward the end of the organ.

Habitat——South Africa.

Holotype, ¢, Barberton, Transvaal, October, 1911 (H. Edwards).

Type in the South African Museum.

This interesting Nephrotoma is dedicated to its discoverer.

NEPHROTOMA STRENUA, Sp. 0.

Head orange without a dark occipital mark; antennae elongated,

flagellum bicolorous; thorax with black stripes; abdomen dull

brownish-yellow, toward the apex with an indistinct blackish annulus ;

hypopygium yellowish.

Male—Length 145 mm.; wing 16 mm. ; antennae about 9 mm.

Frontal prolongation of the head short, yellow; palpi brown, the

extreme tip of the last segment yellowish. Antennae with the first

scapal segment orange ; flagellar segments with the basal enlargement

light brown, the pedicels brownish-yellow; flagellar sezments elon-

gated, rather deeply incised beneath. Head yellow on the front and

The Crane-flies of South Africa (Diptera, Tipulidae). 175.

genae, more saturated, orange-yellow, on the vertex and occiput ;

occipital mark not apparent.

Pronotum brownish-orange. Mesonotal praescutum brownish-

yellow with three shiny black or brownish-black stripes that are nearly

confluent ; middle stripe broadest in front, narrowed to an indistinct

point behind, indistinctly split by a reddish line; anterior ends of the

lateral stripes capped by an opaque black mark; scutum brown with

the lobes darker ; scutellum and postnotum brownish-yellow, the latter

more brightened. Pleura marked with yellow and reddish-brown.

Halteres light brown, the knobs darker brown. Legs with the coxae

yellowish-brown provided with numerous long yellow hairs ; tro-

chanters dull yellow ; femora dull brownish-yellow, narrowly tipped

with dark brown; tibiae yellowish-brown, darkened at their apices ;

tarsi broken. Wings with a strong brownish-yellow tinge, the costal

cell very little brighter ; stigma oval, dark brown ; apex of the wings

and vein Cu a little infuscated ; a broad seam along the basal deflection

of R,+, and 7-m. Venation (Plate XII, fig. 36), Rs short, oblique ;

cell M, sessile ; fusion of Cu, with M before the fork of the latter vein.

Abdominal tergites dull brownish-yellow, the lateral margins of the

segments broadly blackish ; on the sixth to eighth segments broader

and including the caudal margins of the segments ; hypopygium

yellowish ; sternites six and seven and the lateral portions of eight

black, the remainder orange-yellow. Male hypopygium (Plate XIV,

fig. 63) with the ninth tergite dull yellow, with the caudal margin

deeply rounded by a U-shaped notch, the caudal margin chitinised ;

pleural suture elongate, curved slightly dorsad at its tip ; outer pleural

appendage not large, the apex not produced, rather blunt. Abdomen

with rather dense yellow hairs, on the basal segments short and

appressed, longer toward the tip of the organ, on the eighth sternite

very conspicuous.

Habitat.—South Africa.

Holotype, ¢, St. Matthew's, King William’s Town District, South-

east Cape Colony, 1894 (R. Lightfoot).

Type in the South African Museum.

NEPHROTOMA UNICINGULATA, sp. 0.

Antennal flagellum dark brown; head light yellow ; thorax with

black stripes, scutellum and postnotum pale; abdomen unmarked on

the mid-dorsal line, but with a black subterminal ring; wings pale

yellowish with a slight suffusion at the apex and a seam on the basal

deflection of R,+.; extreme apices of cells Rk; and M, sparsely

pubescent.

176 Annals of the South African Museum.

Male.—Length 13-7 mm.; wing 15 mm.

Female.—Length 21 mm.; wing 16°5 mm.

Frontal prolongation of the head very short, light yellow, the nasus

elongate ; palpi pale brown. Antennae moderately elongated ; scape

yellow ; flagellar segments dark brown toward the tip of the organ;

basal swelling of the individual segments a little darker than the

pedicels ; segments of the flagellum a little constricted beyond the

base. Head light yellow; frontal tubercle low, entire, at its base

along the inner margin of the eyes a small brown spot; occipital

bloteh elongate-triangular, dark brown.

Pronotum clear, light yellow dorsally, unmarked. Mesonotal prae-

scutum dull yellow with three black shiny stripes ; lateral stripes curved

outwards at their anterior ends; scutal lobes shiny black; scutellum

and postnotum dull yellow, brownish black on the sides, slightly

darkened caudally. Pleura pale with a whitish cast, indistinctly

marked with yellow ; an elongate dark brown mark on the propleura.

Halteres yellow, the knobs brown with the apices paler. Legs with

the coxae pale yellow; trochanters and femora dull yellow, the latter

broadly dark brown at their tips ; tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Wings

with a yellowish or greyish-yellow tinge, the costal cell a little brighter ;

stigma distinct, oval, dark brown; a brown seam along the basal de-

flection of R,+, and at the tip of the wing in cells R, and R.; a

sparse short pubescence in the apices of cells R, and M, and on the

stigma. Venation as on Plate XII, fig. 37.

Abdomen light yellow, the basal third of the first tergite brownish ;

a black band near the tip of the abdomen, including all of segment

seven, the apex of the sixth tergite, the extreme base of the eighth

tergite and the eighth sternite; an indistinct brownish spot on the

extreme lateral margins of the basal segments; hypopygium yellow.

Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite (Plate XIV, fig. 65) rather

short, broad; caudal margin with a U-shaped notch, lateral angles

beneath produced into blunt darkened lobes that are roughened and

earunculated; caudal margin of the incision beneath is darkened,

provided with numerous small acute teeth; a small rounded median

notch; pleural suture prominent, curved strongly dorsad at its tip ;

outer pleural appendage pale, elongated, the tip attenuated.

In the female the black abdominal band occupies the seventh and

the apical two-thirds of the sixth tergites, and the lateral margins of

the tergites are broadly dark brown, folded over the sternites; valves

of the ovipositor slender.

Habitat.—South Africa.

Holotype, ¢, Malvern, Natal, 1901 (C. N. Barker).

The Crane-flies of South Africa (Diptera, Tipulidae). 7

Allotype, 9, Overbeck, Mossel Bay, Cape Colony, 1897.

Paratypes, ¢, with the allotype; 9, Barberton, Transvaal, April,

1911 (H. Edwards).

Type in the South African Museum.

NEPHROTOMA ANTENNATA, Wiedemann.

1821. Wiedemann, Diptera Exotica, vol. 1, p. 55 (Tipula).

1828. Wiedemann, Aussereur. Zweifl. Ins., vol. 1, p. 55 (Tipula).

1888. Bergroth, Ent. Tidskrift, vol. 9, p. 140 (Pachyrrhina).

Bergroth’s specimen (No. 1), without locality, but in the paper

cited above given as ‘Cape Town.” The specimen is a male measuring

12:4 mm. in length, and the wing 13°5 mm.

The wing is shown on Plate XII, fig. 38.

The coloration of the thorax, well described by Bergroth, offers a

very good specific character ; the middle thoracic stripe is not as dark

in colour as the lateral stripes and is narrowed toward the caudal

end, not attaining the transverse suture; the opaque black line

surrounds the lateral stripe except a small portion on the outside ;

the same intense marking occupies the lateral portions of the trans-

verse suture and runs caudad as a small spot above the wing-root ;

postnotum with a distinct brown median mark. Hypopygium with

the ninth tergite (Plate XIV, fig. 64) short, broad, the caudal margin

with a very broad and deep U-shaped notch with a low, obtuse,

median tooth ; outer pleural appendage pale, large, very conspicuous.

NEPHROTOMA TIGRINA, Sp. 0.

Head orange, occipital mark distinct; thorax yellow with black

stripes, the median stripe paler centrally ; abdomen with the tergites

banded ; hypopygium yellowish and black.

Male.—Leneth 13°6 mm.; wing 12-4 mm. ; antennae about 6 mm.

Female.—Length 16 mm.

Frontal prolongation of the head short, nasus slender; palpi yellowish-

brown, darker toward the tip. Antennae moderately elongated ; first

segment orange; second segment brown; flagellum black, the base

of the first segment a little paler; flagellar segments rather feebly

incised beyond the basal swelling. Head orange, more yellowish on

the genae; a large rounded blackish spot near the base of the frontal

tubercle and adjoining the inner margin of the eye ; occipital triangle

prominent, shiny, dark brown.

Pronotum obscure yellowish dorsally. Mesonotal praescutum shiny

yellow with three black stripes, the median stripe with the central

178 Annals of the South African Museum.

portions paler, brownish or brownish-yellow; lateral stripes very

broad, especially anteriorly ; scutum obscure yellowish medially, the

lobes largely shiny black ; scutellum obscure yellowish-brown, almost

black caudally ; postnotum with the dorsal median portions con-

spicuous light yellow, the caudal third almost black ; lateral portions

of the postnotum black with a conspicuous oval, light yellow mark

just before the base of the halteres. Pleura with the lateral margins

of the propleura brownish; remainder of the pleura brownish-red

with conspicuous light yellow marks as follows: On the dorsal half

of the mesosternum, interrupted above the middle coxae; on the

mesepimerou and metaepisternum, and a more obscure blotch on the

dorsal portions of the mesepimeron underneath the wing-root. Hal-

teres brown, the tips of the knobs a little brighter. Legs with the

2oxae and trochanters brownish-red; anterior femora black, the basal

juarter brighter, reddish-brown; posterior femora yellowish-brown,

broadly tipped with blackish; tibiae brown, narrowly darkened at

their tips; tarsi brown. Wings with a strong yellowish tinge, the

costal cell a little suffused ; stigma conspicuous, dark brown ; a broad,

light brown seam along the basal deflection of R,+. and the r-m

cross-vein; apex of the wing broadly suffused with brown. Venation

(Plate XII, fig. 59), cell M, short-petiolate.

Abdominal segments brownish-yellow, the basal tergite black ;

segments two and three with a broad, black, caudal margin that is,

continued back up the sides of the segments for a short distance ;

segments six to eight largely black; hypopygium black with the

outer pleural appendage conspicuously brownish-yellow. | Hypo-

pygium (Plate XIV, fig. 67) with the ninth tergite large, the caudal

margin with a prominent U-shaped notch, the lateral lobes shiny,

smooth; caudal margin blackened, medially with a deep, rounded

incision and with abundant black spicules that are most numerous at

the opening of the lesser incision, more sparse and scattered on the

dorsal portions of the sclerite; outer pleural appendage large, con-

spicuous, the tip drawn out in a long point; ninth pleurite not

complete, the pleural suture rather long, curved dorsad at its cephalic

end.

The female is similar to the male, differing as follows: antennae

shorter; black bands on the abdomen broadest on segments one to

three, successively narrower on four and five, complete and very

intense on six and seven; segments eight and nine, including the

ovipositor, yellowish ; lateral margins of the tergites black excepting

the basal half of segment two; sternites dull vellow except on segment

seven, which is largely black.

The Crane-flies of South Africa (Diptera, Tipulidae). 179

Habitat.—Portuguese East Africa.

Holotype, ¢, Lourenco Marquez, Portuguese Hast Africa, Feb-

ruary 13th, 1909 (C. W. Howard).

Allotype, 2, topotypic, 1911 (J. B. Paulus).

Paratopotypes, 2 ¢ ¢.

The type is in the collection of the United States National Museum,

the allotype in the South African Museum.

In the structure of the hypopygium it most closely resembles

N. umbripennis, sp. n., and N. tincta, Walker, as described below.

NeEpHROTOMA TINCTA, Walker.

1856. Ins. Saunders., vol. 1, Dipt., p. 444 (Tipula).

One male and one female, Barberton, Transvaal, April, 1911 (H.

Edwards) ; a female from the same locality, November, 1911.

The specimens offer the following measurements :

Male—Length 11 mm. ; wing 10°3 mm.

Female.—Length 15°8 mm.; wing 12'4 mm.

This beautiful species much resembles N. tigrina, sp. n., but is a

much darker species in all respects; the praescutal stripes are very

broad, further restricting the ground-colour; pleura and coxae black,

excepting a bright yellowish-white mark on the lateral portions of the

postnotum, and more yellowish spots on the mesepimeron. The legs

are black, excepting the basal quarter of the femora and the tro-

chanters, which are yellowish ; wings strongly suffused with blackish,

the venation as shown on Plate XII, fig. 40. Abdomen with the

subterminal black ring occupying all of segments six to eight and the

caudal portion of the fifth tergite; ninth tergite dark yellowish-

brown, the outer pleural appendages conspicuously bright yellow.

Hypopygium with the ninth tergite (Plate XIV, fig. 66) of the same

general structure as in N. tigrina, but the lateral lobes much broader

and stouter, so that the caudal notch is more V-shaped, the median

incision large, rounded; caudal margin with an abundant pale

pubescence that conceals the chitinised teeth beneath ; outer pleural

appendage elongate, the tip drawn out into a long point.

NepPuHRoTOMA PETIOLATA, Macquart.

1838. Macquart, Dipt. Exotiq., vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 49 (Pachyrrhina).

1888. Bergroth, Ent. Tidskrift, vol. 9, p. 140 (Pachyrrhina).

The following specimens in the collection :

2, Hex River Mountains, Worcester, Cape Colony, 1886 (L.

Peringuey), bearing Bergroth’s number 8.

180 Annals of the South African Museum.

Two 2 9, Natal.

3, Pilgrim’s Rest, Transvaal (Miss Schunke).

3S, Machike, Rhodesia, August, 1915.

The specimens measure as follows :

Male.—Length 11 mm.; wing 11 mm.

Female—Lenegth 17 mm.; wing 13 mm.

The occipital mark sends a narrow line forward almost to the tip.

of the frontal tubercle. Hypopygium with the ninth tergite nearly

as in N, tincta, the median notch small, the caudal margin with

numerous black spicules.

The wing is shown on Plate XII, fig. 41.

( 181 )

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE X.

FIG.

1.—Wing of Ptychoptera cavensis sp.n. (Upper left-hand corner.)

2.—Wing of Dieranomyia lightfooti sp. n. (Upper right-hand corner. )

3.—Wing of D. tipulipes Karsch.

4.—Wine of D. marleyi sp. n.

5.—Wing of Rhipidia afra Bergroth.

6.—Wing of Libnotes capensis sp. 1.

7.—Wing of Rhamphidia capensis sp. 1.

8.—Wineg of Elephantomyia aurantiaca sp. n.

9.—Wing of Styringomyia vittata Kdwards.

10.—Wing of Atarba capensis sp. n.

11.—Wing of Hrioptera (Empeda) bonae spei sp. n.

12.—Wing of FB. ( Brivplera) peringueyt Bergroth.

18 —Wing of Z'rimicra inconspicua Loew.

14.—Wing of Podoneura anthracoyramma Bergroth.

Puate XI.

FIG.

15.—Wing of Gnophonvia elegans Wiedemann.

16.—Wing of Gonomyia (Gonomyia) spuria Bergroth.

17.—Wing of G@. (Gonomyella) natalensis sp. n.

18.— Wing of G. (G.) brevifurca sp. 1.

J9.—Wing of Limnophila transvaalica sp. n.

20.—Wing of L. frugi Bergroth.

21.—Wing of Dolichopeza ( Trichodolichopeza) hirtipennis sp. 0

22.—Wineg of Leptotipula limnophil ides sp. n.

23.—Wing of Megistocera bicauda Speiser.

24. —Wing of VW. hirsuta sp. n.

25.—Wing of Longurio bonae spei Bergroth.

26.—Wing of L. minusculus sp. n.

27.—Wing of Ctenacroscelis albovittatus Macquart.

HIG. Puate XII.

28.—Wing of Tipu/a sorur Wiedemann.

29.—Wing of 7. zambeziensis sp. n.

30.—Wing of 7. pomposa Bergroth.

31.—Wing of 7. jocosa sp. n.

32.—Wing of 7. coronata sp. n.

182 Annals of the South African Museum.

33.—Wing of 7. caffra sp. n.

34.—Wing of Nephrotoma umbripennis sp.n.

35.— Wing of N. edwardsi sp. n.

36.— Wing of N. strenua sp.n.

37.—Wing of NV. unicingulata sp. n.

38.— Wing of NV. antennata Wiedemann.

39.— Wing of J. tigrina sp. n.

40.—Wing of N. tincta Walker.

41.—Wing of NV. petiolata Macquart.

Pruate XIII.

FIG.

42.—Ovipositor of Megistocera bicauda Speiser ; lateral aspect.

43.—Hypopygium of Leptotipula limnophiloides; lateral aspect; 8¢#, 94 =

tergites ; 9 pl. st. = pleuro-sternite.

44.—End of nasus of Tipula chionoides ; dorsal aspect.

45.—Hypopygium of Platylimnobia barnardi sp. n.

pleurite.

46.—Hypopygium of Styringomyia vittata ; dorsal aspect.

47.—Hypopygium of S. vittata ; ventral aspect.

48.—Hypopygium of Longurio bonae spei; lateral aspect. Lettering as in

fig. 43.

49.—Hypopygium of Tipula soror ; lateral aspect. Lettering as in fig. 43.

50.—Hypopygium of 7. coronata; dorsal aspect of the pleural appendages.

51.—Hypopygium of Longurio minusculus ; lateral aspect. Lettering as in

fig. 43.

52.—Hypopygium of Tipula pomvosa ; lateral aspect.

53.—Hypopygium of 7. zambeziensis ; lateral aspect.

; dorsal aspect of the

nae PratE XIV.

54.—Hypopygium of Leplotipula imnophiloides ; ninth tergite, dorsal aspect.

55.—Hypopygium of Longurio bonae spei ; ninth tergite, dorsal aspect.

56.—Hypopygium of L. minusculus; ninth tergite, dorsal aspect.

57.—Hypopygium of Ctenacroscelis albovittatus ; ninth tergite, dorsal aspect.

58.—Hypopygium of Tipula soror; ninth tergite, dorsal aspect.

59.—Hypopygium of 7. zambeziensis ninth tergite, dorsal aspect.

60.—Hypopygium of 7’. pomposa : ninth tergite, dorsal aspect.

61.—Hypopygium of 7. coronata ; ninth tergite, dorsal aspect.

62.—Hypopygium of Nephrotoma umbripennis ; ninth tergite, dorsal aspect.

63.—Hypopygium of N. strenua ; ninth tergite, dorsal aspect.

64.—Hypopygium of NV. antennata ; ninth tergite, dorsal aspect.

65.—Hypopygium of JN. unicingulata ; ninth tergite, dorsal aspect.

66.—Hypopygium of J. tincta ; ninth tergite, dorsal aspect.

g7.—Hypopygium of XN. tigrina ; ninth tergite, dorsal aspect.

Ann. S. Afr. Mus. Vol. X VII. Plate X.

Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. Vol. XVII. ee

Adlard & Son d& West Newman, Ltd.

Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. Vol. XVII. Plate XTIL.

Adlard & Son & West Newman, Ltd.

Ann. S. Afr. Mus. Vol. XVII.

P.M

Plate X{hv:

Adlard 4 Son 4- West Newman, Ltd.

yd ed NeW

Bi. it 4 i

o ine

ged hte ee

hen io i ia

a hae

ere

Pad 15 ie

atra (Rhipidia) :

albovittatus (Ctenacroscelis)

antennata (Nephrotoma)

anthracogramma (Podoneura)

Antochini

Atarba. :

aurantiaca (Elephantomyia)

barnardi (Platylimnobia)

bicauda (Megistocera)

bonae spei (Hrioptera)

bonae spei (Longurio)

brevifurca (Gonomyella)

cattra (Tipula)

capensis (Atarba)

capensis ( Libnotes)

capensis (Ptychoptera)

capensis (Rhamphidia)

chionoides (Tipula)

Conosia :

coronata (Tipula)

Ctenacroscelis

Dicranomyia

Dolichopeza

Dolichopezini

dubiosa ( Limnophila)

edwardsi (Nephrotoma)

elegans (Gnophomyia)

Elephantomyia

Empeda

Erioptera

Eriopterini .

exornata (Mongoma) .

( 183 )

INDEX.

PAGE F

143 | frugi (Limnophila)

163

lyfe a

151 q

- | Gnophomyia ;

145

147 Gonomyella (Gonomyia)

146 | Gonomyia

‘ hirsuta (Megistocera) .

150 | hirtipennis (Tr ichodolichopeza) .

158

148

1638

153 inconspicua (‘Trimicra)

irrorata (Conosia)

1 fala es : J

147 | jocosa (Tipula)

143

139 L

145 | Leptotipula Cee Dolicho-

164 pezini) .

154 | Libnotes

169 | lightfooti (Dicer anomyia)

163 | LIMNOBIINAE.

Limnobiini .

Limnophila .

149 | Limnophilini f

157 limnophiloides (Leptotipula)

157 Longurio

156

2 M

marleyi (Dicranomyia)

173 Megistocera

l - 1 minusculus (Longurio)

146 Mongoma :

148

148 I

148 | natalensis (Gonomyella)

154 | Nephrotoma :

160

143

140

155

160

162

142

158

162

154

152

172

184

Pachyr rhina

peringueyi (Dicr anomyia) .

peringueyi (Erioptera)

petiolata (Nephrotoma)

Platylimnobia Ce Erio-

pterini) ,

Podoneura

pomposa (Tipula)

Ptychoptera

Ptychopteridae

Rhamphidia

Rhipidia

soror (Tipula)

spuria (Gonomyia)

strenua (Nephrotoma)

Styringomyia :

tigrina (Nephrotoma)

tincta (Nephrotoma)

PAGE

172

142 |

149

7/9)

149

151

168

139

Annals of the South African Museum.

Tipula .

TIPULIDAE

Tipulinae

Tipulini

tipulipes (Dicranomyia)

transvaalica (Limnophila) .

Trichodolichopeza ag

Trimicra :

umbripennis (Nephrotoma)

unicingulata (Nephrotoma)

vittata (Styringomyia)

wahlbergi (Elephantomyia)

zambeziensis (‘Tipula)

147

146

166

—

6.—Description of an apparently Undescribed Moth of the Family

LYMANTRIADAE (Lepidoptera).—By A. J. T. JANSE.

Gun. OLAPA, Wlk.

1764. List Lep. Br. Mus., vii, p. 1856.

OLAPA NIGRIBASIS, 0. sp.

S$. Head, shaft of antennae, abdomen above and on underside,

and legs maize-yellow (iv); hairs on tegulae and patagia maize-

yellow mixed with orange-buff hairs (i); hairs on frons, femora and

tibiae of forelegs, and on tibiae of midlegs orange-butf ; hairs of palpi

and those round the eyes black ; fore-femora outerside of tibiae, and

nearly the whole of the tarsi black; mid-femora with a few black

hairs on tibiae, spurs and tarsi black on the outerside ; hind-tibiae with

a few black hairs at end, spurs streaked with black, tarsi black on the

outer-, orange-buff on the inner-side; branches of antennae ochra-

ceous-buff (xv), each ending in two bristles.

Upperside of forewing whitish, costal and inner marginal area

broadly tinted with sulphur-yellow (v); base of costa narrowly edged

with black for about one-fourth ; black scales just beyond discocellula

between veins 4 and 5, 6 and 7; cilia ivory-yellow (xxx); hindwing

and its cilia quite white.

Underside of both wings white, with the costal area thinly covered

with sulphur-yellow hairs.

Habitat.—One specimen from Salisbury (Dr. G. M. Mellé). In the

collection of the South African Museum.

Exp.—46 mm.

This species is very closely allied to O. flabellaris, from which it can

easily be distinguished by the black scales on the forewing and also its

black costa.

7.—Two Species of Bittacidae (Newroptera) from South Africa.— By

P. Espen-Petersen. With 4 Text-figs.

Amonest a few specimens of bittacidae belonging to the South

African Museum and forwarded to me for determination by the

Director, Dr. Péringuey, I found a new and undescribed species,

together with a single specimen of a species hitherto only known from

the type-specimen in the British Museum. I give here a description

of both species.

BITTACUS SELYSI, 0. sp.

Head yellowish-brown. Rostrum yellowish-brown with a_ black

longitudinal streak at each side and below the eye; at the base of

rostrum a narrow and slightly indicated dark median streak. Labial

and maxillary palpi yellowish-brown, the apical jomt of the former

with a broad dark band. Above the antennae a black spot, enclosing

the dark and shining ocelli. Antennae yellowish-brown and slender.

Thorax yellowish-brown. Abdomen yellowish-brown with a short,

fine and yellowish pubescence, and with a few blackish bristles along

the margins at base ; the two apical joints dark brown with paler hind

margins. In the male the upper anal appendages rather long and

sharply pointed; the apex itself provided with two or three strong

spines; the lower margin (seen from side) with a triangular projec-

tion. Legs yellowish-brown. Femur, tibia and tarsal joints with a

blackish band at the tip. Third and fourth tarsal joints of the hind

feet together with the claw of the same almost black. Wings broadened

towards the apex, which is rounded. Membrane shining and with a

rather deep yellowish-brown tinge. The nervature brown and the

apical cross-veins faintly brownish shaded; the apical border rather

strongly brownish shaded. The pterostigma pentagonal, 13 times as

long as broad, brownish coloured. In the wings is found a cross-vein

between Sc and #; in the forewing nearer to the fork of Rs than to

the origin of the sector itself ; in the hindwing nearer to the origin of

the sector. A cross-vein is found between Cu! and Cu? almost below

the forks of Rs and M. No cross-vein between Ou? and 1A. Ks forks

a little before M, the difference greatest in the hindwing. At the

188 Annals of the South African Museum.

origin and at the fork of Rs a faint brownish spot. At the fork of

Ma hyaline, whitish spot. Blackish bristles on the margins of the

wings at their base.

Length of forewing 19-21 mm. ; that of hindwing 17-19 mm.

Fic. 1.—Bittacus selysi, 6. Fore- and hindwing.

I have seen only two specimens (males) of this very rare species.

In the Selysian Collection, Bruxelles, is found one specimen (type-

specimen), labelled Port Natal in the handwriting of H. A. Hagen.

Fic. 2.—Bittacus selysi, 6. Anal appendages (seen from side).

The other specimen belongs to the South African Museum and was

collected at Durban, July, 19138 (W. Haygarth, leg.). The latter

specimen is the smaller.

It is a very distinct species, easily recognisable by the colour, the

shape and the nervature of the wings, but especially by the peculiar

shape of the anal appendages of the male.

Two Species of Bittacidaz (Neuroptera). 189

Birracus WALKERI, Esben-Petersen.

1915. Bittacus walkeri, Esben-Petersen, Ent. Meddelelser, Kébenhavn,

Bad. 10, p. 236.

Head, rostrum and palpi yellowish-brown; rostrum with blackish

lateral margins. Above the insertion of the antennae is found

Fig. 3.—Bittacus walkeri, @. Fore- and hindwing. British Museum.

Fic. 4.—Bittacus walkeri, @. Anal appendages (seen from side).

South African Museum.

blackish spot enclosing the ocelli. Antennae dark brown, yellowish-

brown at their base. Thorax brown and provided with a few black

bristles; mesothorax with four black spots in its front half; meta-

thorax with two black spots on its front margin.

Abdomen dark brown at base, becoming pale brown towards the

apex. The hind margin of sixth and seventh segments dark brown.

190 Annals of the South African Museum.

Anal appendages of the male yellowish-brown ; lower margin of

appendages (seen from side) with a triangular projection near base.

Femora and tibiae pale brown ; tips of femora with a black band, and

tips of middle and hind tibiae with a narrow black band. Joints of

fore and middle tarsi brown, becoming blackish-brown towards the

tip; joints of hind tarsi blackish-brown. First joint of hind tarsus

as long as second and third united, which are equal ; fourth joint two-

thirds of first; fifth jomt almost as long as fourth. Hind femora

rather incrassate in the middle. Wings very long and slender with

elliptical apex. Membrane hyaline with hardly any yellowish tinge ,

nervures dark brown, narrowly margined with brown, especially in the

apical part.

Pterostigma subrectangular, five or six times longer than broad,

strongly brownish coloured (purple-brown in the specimen in British

Museum). Between Sc and # a cross-vein, in the forewing placed

about in the middle between the origin of Rs and the fork of #s, in

the hindwing nearer to the origin of Rs. Fork of Rs a little nearer

to the base of the wing than the fork of M. The cross-vein between

Cu and Ou? much before fork of M, but further out than the cross-

vein between Cu? and 1A. Bristles on the margins of the wings near

their base.

Length of forewing 22-24 mm, ; that of hindwing 20-22 mm.

British Museum: One ¢ (type specimen) labelled: [388] [Dr.

Smith 8. Afr. 44-6] [one of Walker’s series of so named B. capensis |.

South African Museum: One ¢ labelled: Krantzkloof, Natal,

Marley, 10:5: 15.

The specimen in the British Museum was somewhat larger than

that in the South African Museum.

I have only seen these two specimens of the species, and it seems to

be a very rare one.

The species much resembles the species of the Australian genus

Harpobittacus, but it is easily separated by the longer first tarsal joint

of the hind tarsus and the especially long and narrow wings.

INDEX.

; PAGE PAGE

BITTACIDAE . . 187] selysi (Bittacus) . : 5 5 aliciz/

BITTACUS : ; . 187} walkeri (Bittacus) . : s | alist?)

NEUROPTERA.. 1) | ola) de7

(191 )

8.—On some South African Ichneumonidae in the Collection of the

South African Musewm.—By Ciaupe Moruny, F.E.S., F.Z.8.,

Memb. Soc. Entom. de France, ete. Part II.

I wave much pleasure in presenting a further account of the parasitic

Hymenoptera of Africa, comprising a consignment sent for determina-

tion by Dr. L. Péringuey of the Cape Town Museum and including a

few additional species from other sources. It is issued im continuation

of the former paper by me upon the same subject, which appeared in

these Annals late in 1916. All the types of the species herein described

as new are, unless otherwise stated, in the South African Museum at

Cape Town.

The number of new descriptions is by no means surprising, when

the size of the area be considered, along with the paucity of collectors.

The outstanding feature of the present contribution to our knowledge

of these very beneficial insects is the discovery of a new and most

extraordinary Tribe allied to the Banchides.

Also, be it noted, the more we investigate these parasites in all parts

of the globe the wider is discovered to be the range of individual

species. For at least one kind, recorded herein, no part of the equator

seems too hot, though it is also of frequent occurrence so far north

as Sweden; another occurs with equal frequency in both Queensland

and Assam; and now we find Bengalese insects of this group occurring

in Natal. All these are doubtless imported in or along with their

Lepidopterous and other hosts’ food-plants, shipped in the ordinary

course of commerce.

CLASSIFIED CATALOGUE.

ICHNEUMONIDAE. XANTHOJOPPA, Cam.

ICHNEUMONINAE. lutea, Cam.

inermis, sp. Nn.

Joppides. Eprsoppa, Morl.

LupropHatnus, Cam. variabilis, Morl.

ruficeps, Cam. nigricoxata, Morl.

bucephalus, sp. n. : AGLAosoPPA, Cam.

Iscunosoppa, Kriech. rubrithorax, sp. n.

uteator, Fab. CorLIcHNEuMON, Thoms.

visibilis, sp. n. petiolaris, sp. n.

192 Annals of the South African Museum.

Listrodromides.

Nerorypus, Forst.

conflatus, Morl.

Ichneumonides.

Oxypyginr.

EvupaLtamus, Wesm.

cariniscrobes, sp. n.

Amblypygim.

CHARITOJOPPA, Cam.

thoracica, sp. n.

Platyurwm.

Puatyitasus, Wesm.

croceocephalus, 'l'osq.

nigripalpis, Cam.

bicinctorius, Roman.

Phorcys, sp. n.

hemerythraeus, sp. n.

albidornatus, Cam.

Ceta, sp. n.

Lucifer, sp. n.

rufidornatus, Cam.

maculiscutis, Cam.

erythrocephalus, Cam.

pulchellus, Morl.

rufescens, Morl.

vallatus, Morl.

testaceus, sp. D.

miniatulus, Mort.

spilonotus, Cam.

CRYPTINAE.

Phygadeuonrdes.

Hemitelint.

HEMITELES, Grav.

pulchellus, Grav.

Cryptides.

Mesostenini.

GorypuHus, Hlmer.

corniger, sp. n.

trisulcatus, Morl.

lobatus, sp. n.

cinctitibia, sp. n.

evanescens, Morl.

bisuleatus, Morl.

testaceus, Morl.

Celoeno, sp. n.

Atllo, sp. n.

MesostTEnus, Grav.

Rhodesiae, Cam.

denticlypeus, sp. n.

octans, sp. n.

CRYPTAULAX, Cam.

ruficeps, Cam.

EARRANA, Cam.

rectinervis, sp. 0.

Cryptini.

AGLAOCRYPTUS, Cam.

glabratus, sp. n.

Cryptus, Fab.

Leighi, Cam.

PIMPLINAE.

Xoridides.

Moansa, Tosq.

maculiceps, Cam.

GABUNIA, Kriech.

ruficoxis, Kriech.

Togensis, Krieg.

Echthromorphides.

Ecururomorrua, Hlgr.

variegata, Brullé.

Pimplides.

Exeristss, Horst.

nigricornis, Cam.

Tueronta, Hlmer.

melanocera, Hlmer.

XANTHOPIMPLA, Sauss.

renovata, nom. nov.

Natalensis, Cam.

Pimpeta, Fab.

crocata, 'Tosq.

pubens, sp. n.

Epiurus, Thoms.

semidilutus, sp. n.

HeEMIPIMPLA, Sauss.

divisa, 'losq.

terebrata, sp. n.

Lissonotides.

SyzEuctus, Forst.

spilocephalus, Cam.

fuscicornis, Cam.

interstitialis, Cam.

ASPHRAGIS, Férst. _

flavidorbitalis, Cam.

rubvicosa, sp. n.

On some South

Banchrdes.

Traona, Morley.

discreta, sp. n.

Skiapodes, trib. nov.

SKIAPUS, gen. nov.

coalescens, sp. n.

TRY PHONINAE.

Bassides.

Bassus, Fall.

laetatorius, Fab.

OPHIONINAE.

Ophionides.

AuLocamptus, Thoms.

senescens, Tosq.

erassellus, sp. n.

nugalis, Schulz.

Henicospitus, Steph.

vecors, 'Tosq.

rufus, Kriech.

longescutellatus, Kr.

leionotus, Tosq.

African Ichneumonidae.

Notrotracuys, Marshall.

flavomaculatus, Cam.

Panscides.

Paniscus, Grav.

AKthiopicus, Szépl.

ocellaris, Szépl.

Pristomerides.

PristomeripiA, Ashm.

albescens, sp. n.

PristomMERvs, Curtis.

luteolus, Tosq.

Cremastides.

CREMASTUS, Grav.

annulicornis, T'osq.

noxiosus, Morl.

Cypete, sp. n.

Campoplegides.

XANTHOCAMPOPLEX, Morl.

flavescens, sp. n.

OmorGa, Thoms.

longiceps, Cam.

Famity ICHNEUMONIDAE.

SupramMity ICHNKHUMONINAE.

Tribe JOPPIDES.

LEPTOPHATNUS, Cam.

Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. v, 1906, p, 165.

This genus certainly belongs to the Joppides, though not so placed

by its author. In my Table of Genera of the Joppides (Revis. Ichn.

iv,lOlo, ps9), sosshould be inserted next before the neotropical

Camarota,* Kriech., from which it differs in its regular areolet and

buccate, though not cubical, head. The discovery of its male renders

a slight modification of the generic characters essential.

LEPTOPHATNUS RUFICEPS, Cam.

Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. v, 1906, p. 166, 9.

dg. The male differs slightly from Cameron’s female description in

the following respects: The antennae are setaceous and serrate with

* Oamarota, Kriechbaumer, Entom. Nachr. xxiv, 1898, p. 4, e¢ Berl. Entom.

Zeit. xliii, 1898, p. 23, nec Meigen in Diptera, 1830 (¢f. Ent. Mo. Mag. 1911,

p. 148, ete.), for which I here propose the new name Camarotella.

194. Annuls of the South African Museum.

the 21-26 flagellar joints white; the metanotal areola is glabrous and

elevated throughout (as in the Indian genus Cratojoppa); the seutellum

is laterally carinate to near its apex; the postpetiole is but obsoletely

aciculate, with apex distinctly punctate; the seventh abdominal seg-

ment alone is white and the venter plicate throughout; front tibiae

internally white-lined—tarsi postici deswunt.

Taken at Mfongosi in Zululand by W. E. Jones during May, 1916.

LEPTOPHATNUS BUCEPHALUS, Sp. Nov.

3 only. A large and somewhat dull black species with the wings

nigrescent throughout, the head red and both flagellar band and four

apical hind tarsal joints, as well as inner side of front tibiae, white.

Length 16 mm.—So like the above ¢ as to need no detailed descrip-

tion. Therefrom it differs in no more than a few, though pertinent,

characters: Head clear red; cheeks slightly, and the temples very

strongly, more buccate; pronotum also red; mesopleurae punctate to

immediately below speculum ; postpetiole shagreened throughout and

not apically punctate ; abdomen narrower, with the apical segments

immaculate; hind tarsi pure white, with only metatarsus and ungues

black; wings somewhat narrower, with radius less curved both above

areolet and at its apex. I should have hesitated to regard these details

as sufficient to warrant specific rank were it not that the metanotal

areola, though equally elongate and narrow, is rugulose throughout

and not at all elevated.

The type occurred to R. M. Lightfoot at East London during 1915.

ISCHNOJOPPA, Kriech.

Ent. Nachr. xxiv, 1898, p. 32.

IscCHNOJOPPA VISIBILIS, Sp. NOV.

gd 9. An elongate, testaceous and somewhat dull species with

only the white-banded flagellum, mandibular apices, ocellar region,

posterior tarsi and disc of hind tibiae black. Head posteriorly and

cheeks very strongly buccate; face glabrous, nitidulous and impunctate ;

frontal orbits not elevated, frons centrally bicarinate. Antennae slender,

as long as body; of ¢ serrate, of 9 compresso-dilated, beyond their

centre. Thorax discally dull; mesonotum basally depressed, apically and

laterally elevated, with strong and subcarinate notauli; mesopleurae

glabrous and nitidulous; metathorax laterally finely, and discally

rugosely punctate, black-pilose between the distinct basal and obsolete

apical transcarinae. Scutellum ephippiform, discally deplanate and

punctate, with its sides and apex strongly and conspicuously carinate

On some South African Ichneumonidae. ~ 195

or, rather, vallate; postscutellum |small, transverse and, at least in 9,

basally margined. Abdomen elongate-fusiform and much longer than

head and thorax ; basal segment indistinctly punctate, slender and fully

thrice as long as apically broad, with the @ spiracles prominent ;

second segment basally constricted to the small gastrocoeli at its basal

third ; terebra nigrescent only at extreme apex. Legs very slender and

strongly elongate. Wings fulvescent-hyaline with stigma and the

subcosta testaceous, nervures infuscate ; areolet somewhat large, nearly

coalescent above, emitting the broadly bifenestrate recurrent nervure

from distinctly before its centre; nervellus sinuate, emitting spurious

nervure from its lower fourth. Length, ¢ 9,15 mm.

In 1915 I restricted this genus to a single species, ranging through

Africa, India and Australia. A second was brought forward in 1916

(Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. p.558). Iam glad to recognise another, so distinct

as to render a glance sufficient to differentiate it, by its longer antennae

and legs, irregular mesonotum, circumvallate scutellum and the

antecentral emission of the recurrent from areolet.

Marley took the female type at Kranzkloof in Natal during May,

1915; and the androtype occurred to W. E. Jones at Mfongosi in

Zululand.

XANTHOJOPPA, Cam.

Ann. Nat. Hist. vi, 1901, p. 378 = Anisojoppa, Cam: Ann. 8. Afr.

Mus. v, 1906, p. 168.

The distinctions between the descriptions of these two genera con-

sist solely in the size of the gastrocoeli and the sculpture of the meta-

notum, though not of its carinae; and an examination of the type of

the former and a co-type of the latter genus proves them to he

synonymous. The main feature of distinction, I think, was overlooked

by their author: I find the anterior claws of the former to be simple

and those of the type species of the latter stoutly pectinate ; but this

character is inconstant, and doubtless (as in Neotypus) at most sexual.

XANTHOJOPPA LUTEA, Cam.

Anisojoppa lutea, Cam. Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. v. 1906, p. 168, ¢ 9.

Cameron dismisses the ¢ of this species in a dozen words; but it

differs from his 2 description in having the head and thorax 7 mm. in

length, the abdomen no more than 11 mm.; the metanotum rugulose

throughout; the gastrocoeli very broad and deeply impressed, with the

intervening space not at all striate; the flagellar joints 14-21 alone

are white ; the stigma fulvous ; the face sparsely punctate throughout,

196 Annals of the South African Museum.

postpetiole shagreened and not at all punctate; the anterior onyches

are stoutly pectinate. The metanotal areola is hexagonal and not

longer than broad, with its apex truncate and base both semicircular

and elevated.

The species has been further found at Stella Bush near Durban in

Natal during February, 1915, by H. W. Bell Marley and at Mfongosi

in Zululand by W. E. Jones.

XANTHOJOPPA INERMIS, Sp. Nov.

g 2. A large testaceous species, with the pleurae and coxae paler,

the face but not frontal orbits flavous, and band of the black flagellum

white ; legs with tarsal claws and hind tarsi alone black, 9 with hind

knees and lateral mesonotal vittae also black. Onyches not at all

pectinate. Length 14-15 mm.—It is extremely like the last species

but differs, besides the conclusive simple claws, in having the sides of

the areolet nearly coalescent above and the ramellus obsolete, the

secutellum more convex and apically as well as laterally carinate; all

trace of metanotal areola wanting in ¢, which has the postpetiole

much narrower and abdomen less parallel-sided ; the ? is distinct in

its nigrescent mesonotal streaks and hind knees.

Mfongosi in Zululand (W. E. Jones) and East London during

1915 (R. M. Lightfoot).

EPIJOPPA, Morley.

Revis. Ichn. iv, 1915, p. 49.

EPIJOPPA VARIABILIS, Morl.

hb. cit. p. 52, 8 9.

Described from Nyassaland and the Uganda Protectorate. Mr.

W. E. Jones has extended its known southern range by the capture

of a male at Mfongosi in Zululand during April, 1916.

EpimsOpPpA NIGRICOXATA, Morl.

lib. cit. p. 58, SO.

Also deseribed from Central Africa and one male found with the last

by W. E. Jones.

AGLAOJOPPA, Cam.

Ann. Nat. Hist. vii, 1901, p. 381.

AGLAOJOPPA RUBRITHORAX, Sp. Nov.

& only. A dull black species with white pubescence and the

thorax, except below, rosy ; white-marked. Head buccate and closely

On some South African Ichneumonidae 17,

punctate; orbits, except at cheeks and temples, and the clypeus

laterally white. Antennae immaculate black, with the joints sub-

serrate. Thorax closely punctate, only black below and at the apex ;

pronotum discally, callosities below radices and basal lateral scutellar

dots, white; metathorax convex with areola peculiarly elongate, twice

as long as broad and emitting costulae from its centre; petiolar area

short and vertical. Scutellum rosy, punctate and laterally margined

to near its apex; postscutellum white. Abdomen black with apices

of the four basal and of the seventh segments white, those of the

second and third centrally interrupted; basal segment smooth and

shining with a few scattered punctures; venter plicate on second to

fourth segments, with the second and third white-margined. Legs

normal and black with inner side of front tibiae and apices of their

femora white. Wines subhyaline, with stigma and nervures black ;

areolet pentagonal, not coalescent’ above and emitting recurrent

nervure slightly beyond its centre; discoidal cell with its lower

external angle obtuse and nervelet short. Length, 14 mm.—It is

the only known species of this genus with red thorax.

The type was captured at Mfongosi in Zululand by W. E. Jones

during May, 1916.

COELICHNEUMON, Thoms.

Opuse. Entom. xviii, 1893, p. 1901.

CoELICHNEUMON PETIOLARIS, Sp. NOV.

2 only. A stout and dull brick-red species with a central flagellar

band white and a mesonotal line, the frenum, areola and_petiolar

area, base of petiole and the hind tarsi, indefinitely black; apex of

postpetiole clearly and deeply punctate both discally and laterally.

Length, 13 mm.—Quite unlike the species from the palaearctic,

Indian or New World regions (tabulated in my Revis. Ichn. iv,

1915, p. 120) in its immaculate face, tibiae and intermediate femora ;

in the distinctly punctate postpetiole; and immaculate rufescent

abdomen. It is most closely allied to C. rudis, Fonse.; therefrom

it differs in its coloration, smaller size, much less buccate cheeks,

deeper clypeal foveae, closely punctate mesonotum and scutellum,

more evenly punctate metanotum, not at all rugose postpetiole,

centrally punctate base of the second segment, lack of ramellus and

the lower emission of the spurious nervure from nervellus.

The type was taken at “Guillets, Natal,’ during September, 1915

by H. W. A. Bell-Marley.

198 Annals of the South African Museum.

Tring LISTRODROMIDES.

NEOTYPUS, Forst,

Ver. pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. 194.

Neotypus conriatus, Morl.

Ann. (8. -Adr, xy, 1Ol6m pasa: 2.

g. A very robust, and somewhat small, dark red male with black

and several white markings. Head stramineous with the frons, vertex

and part of occiput, mandibular apices, a line down the buccate

cheeks and another down centre of face, black; vertical marks, cheeks

externally and more or less of occiput rufescent; face finely and

sparsely punctate, frons glabrous and excarinate, and vertex not

broad. Antennae very short and stout; scape black with its under

side and apex white; flagellum immaculate brunneous, filiform, of

25 transverse joints, only the three basal being longer than broad

and of these the first is shorter than the second. Thorax nitidulous,

short and hardly longer than high, with sternum and frenum and

basal metanotal suleus black, callosities before and below radices

and whole of the transverse postscutellum white; mesonotum deeply

and sparsely punctate, with no notauli; mesopleurae glabrous, with

similar puncturation and the sternauli half their length; metathorax

very short and subreticulate with petiolar area deeply impressed,

parallel-sided and rising nearly to base, where is a small and

strongly transverse areola; costulae strong, spiracles large and

linear. Scutellum not small, simply convex, shining and sparsely

punctate, laterally carinate to near apex. Abdomen subelongate-

ovate, shining with the transverse second and third segments dull,

very dark red with apices of all segments but the third broadly

flavous; petiole long and slender, postpetiole abruptly explanate,

elabrous with a few central punctures; second and third segments

closely punctate, with gastrocoeli of the former deeply impressed

and not small; valvulae white. Legs black, stout and not short;

all the coxae, inner side of anterior tibiae and apices of their femora

below, white; anterior tarsi and remainder of their tibiae rufescent ;

hind coxae evenly punctate; tarsi not pectinate. Wings hyaline;

radix and tegulae stramineous; stigma nigrescent and not narrow;

basal nervure subvertical, and the lower basal distinctly a little

antefureal ; discoidal cell short and broad, emitting short ramellus

and another slight nervure from centre of second recurrent, which

rises from centre of the somewhat large and subquadrate areolet ;

On some South African Ichneumonidae 199

radius apically straight and not elongate; nervellus subopposite and

hardly angled at its lower fourth. Length, 9 mm.

This androtype is labelled “Congella,’ where W. A. Bell-Marley

captured it in March, 1915.

Trine ICHNEUMONIDES.

Suprrins OXYPYGINI.

EUPALAMUS, Wesm.

Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux. 1844, p. 13; Morl. Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. xv,

1916, p. 362.

EvuPpALAMUS CARINISCROBES, Sp. NOV.

36 2. A large and stout, shining and dark red species, with

only the white-banded flagellum and apical half of abdomen black ;

frontal orbits broadly, and in ¢ face ete., white; juxta-scrobal

orbits carinate. Head of ¢ with face, clypeus, external orbits and

under side of the black scape, white. Thorax very finely and closely

punctate with pronotum almost glabrous and metanotum to the

infra-spiracular carinae rugose, its areola double as long as broad,

remote from base, emitting distinct costulae from its centre; petiolar

area short and discreted; ¢ with pronotum and callosity beneath

radices flavous. Scutellum deplanate and glabrous with a few fine

punctures, laterally carinate to near its apex which in the ¢ is, like

the postscutellum, flavous. Abdomen stout with the third to fifth

and sides of sixth segments black, the remainder and in @ apices

of second and third narrowly, white; basal segment broad and very

finely shagreened; second closely punctate with small gastrocoeli,

third far more finely sculptured and remainder nearly smooth. Legs

stout and elongate, with claws large and simple; hind coxal scopulae

of 2 large; ¢ with inner side of front tibiae, and three apical joints

including claws of its otherwise black hind tarsi, white. Wings

ample and distinctly fulvescent with costa and nervures black, stigma

and tegulae fulvous; nervures exactly as in H. Wesmaeli, excepting

the areolet which is slightly less produced internally, and a little

curved externally, with its sides coalescent above. Length, ¢ °,

17 mm.—This species is a true Hupalamus, bearing all the characters

ascribed to that genus by Thomson (Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1886,

p- 11); the colour, but especially the coxal scopulae, differentiate it

from EH. convexius (Ann. S. Afr. Mus. xv, 1916, p. 362).

Both sexes were discovered by W. E. Jones at Mfongosi in Zululand

during April and May, 1916.

200 Annals of the South African Museum.

SuptrinE AMBLYPYGINI.

CHARITOJOPPA, Cam.

Ann. Nat. Hist. vu, 1901, p. 383.

Head with neither clypeus discreted nor labrum exserted; man-

dibles stout, with the upper tooth slightly the longer; cheeks elongate

and strongly bueeate. Antennae stout and, beyond their centre,

compresso-dilated. Meso- and meta-notum strongly reticulate ; areola

smooth, apically incomplete, with its lateral carinae extending to

petiole and widely divergent. Scutellum more or less pyramidal, with

at least its base laterally margined. Abdomen with second and third

segments closely aciculate-punctate and ventrally plicate throughout,

gastrocoeli of the former somewhat large and deeply impressed ;

petiole basally constricted, and apically abruptly explanate ; terebra

basally covered by hypopygium. Legs stout, with the penultimate

hind tarsal joints spinose. Areolet triangular, laterally nearly coales-

cent above and straight below, above junction of recurrent nervure ;

radius apically subreflexed ; basal nervure not continuous through the

median. Colour brillant metallic.

The above is the original description emended from the type

specimen in the British Museum. TI find our African representative a

very typical species of this Hast Indian genus, which its author

considered closely related to Magrettia (= Xenojoppa, Cam.), from

which it differs in having the scutellum usually subpyramidal and not

apically incised, the coxae mutic, and the central abdominal segments

longitudinally aciculate. The scutellar structure allies the genus to

the Joppides, from which it is excluded by its total lack of basal

metanotal sulcus.

CHARITOJOPPA THORACICA, Sp. Nov.

d only. A stout, metallic species with white pilosity; the head

black, antennae and thorax red, metathorax green, abdomen and legs

steel-blue. Head very strongly buccate behind the prominent eyes ;

vertex broad and subglabrous; face and clypeus evenly punctate, the

former broadly stramineous on either side, the latter a little reflexed

along its rounded apex; mandibles subglabrous and stout, with a

basal stramineous mark. Antennae of forty-one joints, setaceous,

serrate throughout, stout and hardly extending to the metathoracic

apex, brick-red and apically darker, with the two basal flagellar joints

(which alone are longer than broad) and scape, black. Thorax metallic

On some South African Tehneumonidae. 201

ereen with the dull and reticulate mesonotum, the mesopleurae, base

of pronotum on either side and its extreme apical margin, sanguineous-

red; notauli and sternauli wanting, mesopleurae transversely im-

pressed centrally ; metanotum nitidulous and rugulose, its areola

large and hexagonal, extending to base and emitting costulae from its

centre. Scutellum, postscutellum and frenum red ; the first elevated,

but hardly pyramidal, very coarsely rugose and laterally carinate to

its flavidous apex ; postscutellar region metallic blue, with its apical

margin stramineous. Abdomen cyaneous with apices of all the

segments, but fourth, stramineous; basal segment glabrous and

obsoletely aciculate apically ; second and third very closely punctate

and dull. Legs somewhat short and not slender, with anterior tarsi

and their tibiae laterally white. Wings normal; tegulae fulvous,

radix and stigma nigrescent ; recurrent emitted shghtly beyond centre

of areolet. Length, 11 mm.

The type was found by W. E. Jones at Mfongosi in Zululand

during May, 1916.

SusprrinE PLATYURINLI.*

PLATYLABUS, Wesm.

Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux. 1844, p. 150; Morl. Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. xv,

1916, p. 368.

Some of the southern African species of this genus are so closely

allied that a superficial tabular guide appears desirable.

(2). 1. Flagellum dilated before apex; notauli deep. — croceocephalus, 'Tosq.

(1). 2. Flagellum not dilated; notauli obsolete or wanting.

(20). 3. Head, at least discally, black.

(7). 4. Palpi infuscate or black, never pale.

(6). 5. Gastrocoeli of second segment deeply impressed. —nigripalpis, Cam

(5). 6. Gastrocoeli of second segment small, triangular. bicinctorivs, Roman.

(4). 7. Palpi always pale; gastrocoeli superficial.

(17). 8. Dise of thorax entirely red; stigma black.

(10). 9. Second segment red; hind coxae discally white. Phoreys, sp. nov.

(9). 10. Second segment not red-marked ; hind coxae black.

(16). 11. Metanotal areola subcircular; nesonotum dull; punctate.

)

(18). 12. Apopbyses acute; central segments white-banded.

hemerythraeus, sp. n.

(12). 18. Apophyses wanting ; central segments not white-marked.

3D?

(15). 14. Flagellum immaculate ; hind calearia white. albidornatus, Cam.

* Cameron places his new genus Phaisura (Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. v, 1906, p. 170)

in the Joppides. An examination of two co-typical males, the only sex known,

in the British Museum, has convinced me that the genus belongs to the

Platyurini.

202 Annals of the South African Museum.

(14). 15. Flagellum white-banded ; hind ealearia black. : Ceta, sp nov.

(11). 16. Metanotal areola elongate ; mesonotum subglabrous.

Lucifer, sp. nov.

(8). 17. Dise of thorax mainly black; stigma testaceous.

(19). 18. Postpetiole aciculate; nervelet distinct. | . rufidornatus, Cam.

(18). 19. Postpetiole punctate; nervelet wanting. : maculiseutis, Cam,

(3). 20. Head nearly entirely testaceous or red.

(30). 21. Metathorax punctate, with distinct areae.

(25). 22. Abdomen centrally distinctly black.

(24). 23. Postpetiole punctate-aciculate; hind lees red.

erythrocephalus, Cam.

(23). 24. Postpetiole glabrous ; hind tibiae and tarsi black. pu!chellws, Morl.

(22). 25. Abdomen not black-marked.

(29). 26. Thorax black-marked.

(28). 27. Dark red, black-marked ; cheeks long and narrow. — rufescens, Morl.

(27). 28. Testaceous ; flavous-marked ; cheeks short, buecate. vallatus, Morl.

(26). 29. Thorax pale, not black-marked. . : ‘ testaceus, sp. Nov.

(21). 80. Metathorax scabrous, with no definite areae. . miniatulus, Morl.

P : : : R : spilonotus, Cam.

_PLATYLABUS PHOROCYS, sp. nov.

6 only. A black species with white markings, and the thorax

except beneath, with two basal segments, brick-red. Extremely like ©

the next species (P. hemerythraeus), but smaller and much more

slender with the second segment basally fulvidous and apically white,

not black-marked. The scutellum is equally convex and laterally

earinate, but the areola is half as long again as centrally broad, the

face white with its base and an irregular central band black, the

clypeus white with its apex narrowly black; the third segment is

laterally fulvescent-white; the anterior coxae entirely, and a large

discal mark on the hind ones, white. Length, 9 mm.

Mfongosi in Zululand during May, 1916 (W. E. Jones).

PLATYLABUS HEMERYTHRAEUS, Sp. nov.

6 @. <A black species with white markings, the thorax except

beneath and in 9 basal segment dull brick-red. Head very narrow

behind the prominent eyes ; black with vertical orbits narrowly, the

palpi and labrum white, ¢ with the facial and two clypeal dots also

white; face and the apically truncate clypeus closely punctate and not

disereted. Antennae filiform and apically attenuate, centrally white-

banded, basally rufescent beneath and in @ apically subserrate.

Thorax not short; sternum alone black; notauli wanting, sternauli

distinct ; metathorax evenly punctate with complete areae and short

apophyses ; areola longer than broad, parallel-sided to its basal third,

whence the costulae are emitted ; basal area entire, spiracles sublinear.

On some South African Ichnewmonidae. 205

Scutellum brick-red, convex and laterally margined to near apex.

Abdomen black with the second segment laterally indefinitely, and

whole of the first, in ? red; anus, apices of second and fifth segments,

with apical angles or in @ the apex of the evenly punctate basal

segment, white; terebra a little exserted, ¢ valvulae white. Legs

elongate and not slender, rufo-infuscate with all coxae, trochanters

and hind tarsi black; ¢ with trochanters, intermediate coxae beneath

and centre of posterior tarsi, white. Wings normal and hyaline, with

nervures and stigma black; second recurrent nervure broadly fenes-

trate and emitted from centre of the sessile areolet ; basal nervure

continuous through the median. Length, ¢ 9, 12 mm.—Evidently

allied in its continuous basal nervure, etc., to P. erythrocephalus, Cam.,

though differing in colour, in the evenly punctate postpetiole and in

many other points.

Both sexes were taken at Mfongosi in Zululand by W. E. Jones

during February, 1914 and May, 1916.

PLATYLABUS CETA, sp. nov.

6 2. A black species with sparse white markings, the thorax

efitirely rosy. Both sexes of this insect differ from the above descrip-

tion of P. hemerythraeus only in the following particulars: Head,

scutellum, metathorax and basal segment more sparsely punctate and

shehtly nitidulous. Head with vertical orbits broadly white, man-

dibles red and in ¢ the whole face and clypeus, mandibular base and all

the orbits but at the temples, white. Antennae less attenuate apically,

not basally red; scape of ¢ white beneath. Metathorax without

apophyses, areola subcircular and apically emarginate. Scutellum

glabrous and nitidulous, deplanate and laterally margined only to its

apical third. Second to fifth segments immaculate black, ‘or in ¢

sometimes badious, the first not white-marked ; postpetiole shagreened

and in g¢ red. Hind legs dead black, with only their trochanters

white. Length, ¢ 9,9 mm.—The male of this species differs from

P. Lucifer in its somewhat duller mesonotum, subcircular areola,

immaculate hind tarsi and basal segment, and in its smaller size.

The female type, with three males, was captured at Mfongosi in

Zululand by W. E. Jones during April and May, 1916.

PLATYLABUS LUCIFER, sp. nov.

g only. A black species with white markings, and the thorax

except beneath rosy. Too closely allied to P. hemerythraeus to need a

detailed description. ‘lherefrom it differs in the much more nitidulous

and sparsely punctate body, the totally white face and clypeus, white

204 Annals of the South African Museum.

mandibular base, external orbits, underside of scape and callosity

below radices; in the glittering and convex speculum, deplanate

scutellum, much longer areola emitting costulae from its centre,

wanting basal area ; immaculate fifth segment, white front coxae and

underside of their tibiae. The postpetiole is obsoletely shagreened,

with a few scattered punctures. Length 14 mm.

The type was found by W. E. Jones during May, 1916, at Mfongosi

in Zululand.

PLATYLABUS VALLATUS, Morl.

Ann. S$, Adr. Musixy, 1olG ip: 3705.3.

This ¢ sometimes has the mesonotum laterally, and centre of

scutellum longitudinally, black; the carinae of the latter are some-

times pale, and the stigma occasionally testaceous. Mr. Jones found

a male with these modifications in Zululand at Mfongosi during May,

1916.

PLATYLABUS ‘TESTACEUS, Sp. NOV.

$9. Anearly unicolorous testaceous and dull species ; only the

head, scutellum, anus and pleurae are indeterminately flavescent ; the

mandibular apices, ocellar region narrowly, apical half of flagellum,

claws or in ¢ hind tarsi, the terebra, and sometimes part of the sixth

and seventh segments, black. Head posteriorly short ; cheeks very

long and buccate; face evenly punctate and not apically discreted ;

frons nitidulous and subglabrous. Antennae white-banded, with

apical half a little compresso-dilated, in ¢ subserrate. Notauli

indicated ; metathorax finely coriaceous with areola hexagonal, as long

as broad, entire, with central costulae ; basal area distinct, apophyses

wanting, spiracles elongate. Scutellum glabrous and glittering, sub-

convex and laterally margined to near its apex. Abdomen dull and

coriaceous, apically more or less infuscate before the white anus ;

postpetiole shagreened ; thyridii somewhat broad, with the intervening

space strigose; terebra slightly exserted. Legs not slender, paler

basally ; tarsal claws large. Wings ample and subflavescent with

radix and stigma testaceous, nervures darker; areolet small and

triangular, nervelet usually obsolete or wanting. Length ¢ 9,

7-11 mm.—Shightly variable in the depth of the testaceous coloration,

in extent of black before the anus ; sometimes the ¢ hind tibiae are

apically subinfuscate, and in one example their base is also distinctly

nigrescent.

Nearly a dozen examples occurred to Mr. W. E. Jones at Mfongosi

in Zululand during April and May, 1916.

7 Oe ee ie -F

2 ak c +)

On some South African Ichneumonidae. 205

SuBFAMILY CRYPTINAH.

Trine PHYGADEUONIDES.

SustRIBE HEMITELINI.

HEMITELES, Gravenhorst.

HEMITELES PULCHELLUS, Grav.

Ichn. Europ. 1, 1829, p. 854, 9.

A palaearctic species, known from Germany, France and the Channel

Islands ; doubtless imported here. One female was bred by Lightfoot

at “Cape Town, January, 1909, from larvae of the Geometrid moth

Osteodes turbulentata, Guén. ; feeds on Acacia horrida.”

Trine CRYPTIDKES.

SuBTRIBE MESOSTENINI.

GORYPHUS, Holmer.

Eug. Res. Ins. 1868, p. 398 ; Morley, Ann. Nat. Hist. xiv, 1914, p. 410.

The species of this genus are extremely puzzling and so closely allied

that general descriptions are vain repetitions. Careful distinctions

are essential, and for that purpose I here present a table of such as I

have seen from South Africa. I am convinced that the white

abdominal markings are inconstant.

(14). 1. Normally stout, black-and-red species.

(18). 2. Second recurrent emitted from near centre of areolet.

(12). 3. Postpetiole subglabrous or scabrous, not bicarinate.

(5). 4. Clypeus pyramidally produced centrally. : corniger, Sp. NOV.

(4). 5. Clypeus not produced.

(11). 6. Metanotum unicarinate, basally rugulose.

(8). 7. Mesonotum discally sulcate; terebra a third the length of abdomen.

trisulcatus, Morl.

(7). 8. Mesonotum not so; terebra = % of abdominal length.

(10). 9. Areolet normal, angled below; hind tibiae black. Jobatus, sp. nov.

(9). 10. Areolet small, straight below ; hind tibiae basally white.

cinctitibia, sp. nov.

(6). 11. Metanotum bicarinate, basally glabrous. : evanescens, Morl.

(3). 12. Postpetiole striolate, longitudinally bicarinate. bisulcatus, Morl.

1). 14. Stronely elongate, slender, testaceous species.

Sty 8 1

206 Annals of the South African Museum.

(16). 15. Metathorax evenly scabrous ; internal orbits normal.

testaceus, Morl.

(15). 16. Metathorax trans-striate throughout; internal orbits elevated.

(18). 17. Face and frons reticulate; clypeus normally convex.

Celoeno, sp. nov.

(17). 18. Face and frons finely punctate ; clypeus very convex. Allo, sp. nov.

GORYPHUS CORNIGER, Sp. NOV.

? only. A not very stout, black species with white markings; the

thorax and head red, and terebra as long as basal segment; frons not

centrally carimate. Head, four basal antennal joints, thorax except

sternum, frenum and basal area, sides of first segment and disc of hind

coxae, red; flagellar band, apex of second segment and anus from apex

of fifth, calcaria, anterior coxae beneath and inner side of front legs,

white. Very closely allied to G. bisulcatus, but differmeg therefrom in

its centrally scabrous postpetiole, the colour of the coxae and hind

femora, and in the usually apically white-margined second segment.

Before its apex the clypeus is produced into a vertical and sub-

acuminate pyramidal tooth. Length, 8-9 mm.

Taken with the next species during May in Zululand.

GORYPHUS LOBATUS, Sp. NOV.

? only. A somewhat stout, black species with white markings ; the

thorax entirely red, and terebra nearly as long as abdomen; frons

centrally carinate. From my description of the female G. trisulcatus

(Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. 1916, p. 372) it differs only in the following

particulars: Head obliquely constricted behind the eyes ; antennae no

stouter beyond their white band; mesonotum not discally suleate

between the notauli; abdomen with apex of second but not of first

segment white, the fifth and sixth immaculate black, and terebra as

long as abdomen excepting basal segment; calcaria not white ; wings

hyaline. Length, 9 mm.—tThe structure of the penultimate hind

tarsal joint, which is centrally cleft nearly to its base and strongly

pectinate, is unique in my experience and somewhat resembles that of

Spilocryptus females.

Mfongosi in Zululand, taken by W. E. Jones during May, 1916.

GORYPHUS CINCTITIBIA, Sp. NOV.

2 only. A somewhat stout, black species with sparse white mark-

ings ; the thorax and head entirely red, and terebra nearly as long as

abdomen ; frons centrally carinate. Nothing but the conformation of

the areolet convinces me of specific distinction from G. lobatus. The

‘

On some South African Ichneumonidae. 207

lower nervure is distinctly angled at the central emission of the recur-

rent nervure in that species, while here the lower nervure is straight

throughout and the recurrent emitted at its apical third. In colora-

tion this insect differs in having its head red, second segment

immaculate, and (agreeing with G. basalis) in the conspicuous sub-

basal white band of its hind tibiae. Length, 9 mm.

The type is from Durban in April, 1915 (H. W. Marley) ; a co-type

from Mfongosi in Zululand in April, 1916 (W. E. Jones).

GoryPHUS TESTACEUS, Morl.

Ann, §. Afr. Mus. xv, 1916, p. 375, ¢.

S 2. Both sexes have the basal segment elongate—about tive

times longer than apically broad—and sublinear, the basal metanotal

transcarina obsolete and strongly sinuate, more usually the stigma is

testaceous, and their length varies from 63-9 mm.—The undescribed

female differs from my male description (loc. cit.) in having the hind

tarsi, calearia and tibiae fulvous, with the claws and onychii alone

black ; antennae nearly as long as body, slender and black with the

basal flagellar joimts and scape fulvous, in both sexes; abdomen

elongate-fusiform with the deflexed terebra infuscate and as long as

basal segment, which is fully a third of the abdomen in length.—The

gynetype is from Kloof, Durban in Natal, during February, 1915

(H. W. Bell Marley); and further males are from Mfongosi in

Zululand during April and May, 1916 (W. E. Jones).

GoRYPHUS CELOENO, sp. NOV.

¢ only. A dull and slender, dark testaceous species with the

flagellum except its subapical white band, ocellar region, posterior

tarsi and a basal dot on inner side of hind tibiae, black; the three

mesonotal lobes and anus indefinitely infuscate, and pleurae ochraceous.

Instantly known from all other species of this genus by its stoutly and

irregularly reticulate-striate frons and face, which latter is quadrate ;

the clypeus is but slightly convex and apically rounded ; the inner

orbits carinately elevated; metanotum with no apical transcarina,

basal area indistinct; metapleurae deeply impressed longitudinally

above, not carinate; basal segment linear and glabrous. Length,

11 mm.—Were it not for the typically Goryphus-structure of the

areolet I should place this male in the Cryptini genus Friona, Cam.,

with which the sculpture of its metathorax so well agrees this is stoutly

and evenly trans-striate throughout both notum and pleurae from the

basal carina.

Taken during 1913 at Durban in Natal by W. Hayzgarth.

14.

208 Annals of the South African Museum.

Gorypuus AELLO, sp. nov.

? only. A dull and slender, pale testaceous species with the

flagellum except its subapical white band, and ocellar region, alone

black ; hind tarsi and terebral valvulae infuscate; head except frons,

pleurae and frenum stramineous; terebra half length of abdomen.

Recognised by its very strongly convex clypeus, evenly punctate face,

elevated orbits which extend to either side of ocelli, the longitudinally

sulcate central mesonotal lobe. In all other respects, especially the

metathoracic structure, it agrees exactly with G. Celoeno, of which I

cannot consider it the opposite sex. Length, 8 mm.—These two species

have nothing in common with Plesiocryptus carinifrons, Cam. (Zeits.

Hym.-Dip. i, 1903, p. 300, 9 = Bathycrisis striaticollis, Cam. Spolia

Zeylanica, ii, 1905, p. 97, ¢ ) for, though equally elevated, the orbital

structure is entirely different.

W. E. Jones found the type during May, 1916, at Mfongosi in

Zululand.

MESOSTENUS, Gravenh.

Mersostenus Ruopesiazr, Cam.

Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. v, 1906, p. 145, 9.

3g 9. Areolet small and quadrate, very slightly broader than high»

apically subpellucid, emitting recurrent nervure from its centre; lower

basal nervure always a little antefurcal; nervellus strongly postfurcal

and geniculate a little above its centre, at junction of the strong

spurious nervure. Notauli remarkably deeply impressed. The un-

described ¢ differs only sexually. Several examples of both sexes

were found by W. E. Jones during May, 1916, at Mfongosi in

Zululand.

MESOSTENUS DENTICLYPEUS, Sp. nov.

g 2. A slender, rich testaceous, shining species with the head,

antennae, onychil, terebra and in ¢ central mesonotal lobe, deep

black ; face, mouth, cheeks, all the orbits broadly and the flagellar

band, white. Head large and buccate, posteriorly as broad as the

eyes ; occiput and frons glabrous and mutic; face and clypeus sparsely

punctate, the latter elongately dentate centrally and emarginate on

either side. Thorax shining and subglabrous with notauli deeply

impressed and petiolar area closely punctate; both metanotal trans-

carinae strong, the apical curved ; apophyses wanting, spiracles elon-

gate and not small. Scutellum deplanate, smooth and not laterally

margined. Abdomen narrow, dull and closely punctate; basal

segment linear with slightly prominent spiracles a little beyond its

On some South African Ichnewmonidae. 209

centre; ¢ valvulae exserted, terebra straight and as long as abdomen

except first segment. Legs normal and not stout; claws small,

calearia short. Wings fulvescent hyaline, of ¢ subinfumate ; nervelet

wanting; basal nervure continuous; areolet of normal size, sub-

quadrate, emitting the straight recurrent nervure from . slightly

before its centre. Length, ¢ 9, 12 mm.—tThe clypeal structure is

remarkable.

Both sexes occurred at Mfongosi in Zululand to W. E. Jones in

May, 1916.

MESOSTENUS OCTANS, Sp. NOV.

? only. A somewhat slender, brick-red, dull species with the head,

antennae, apical half of abdomen, hind coxae, femora and two apical

joints of their tarsi, black; labrum, vertical orbits, flagellar band,

apices of third and fourth and seventh segments narrowly, with

whole of the large and prominent eighth, and the three central hind

tarsal joints, white. Clypeus apically depressed and truncate ; notauli

deeply impressed; both metanotal transcarinae distinct, its petiolar

area striate; basal segment stout, shagreened and only double as

long as its apical breadth; terebra one-third of abdomen; areolet

small and quadrate, emitting recurrent nervure before its centre ;

nervelet wanting, upper basal nervure postfurcal. Length, 12 mm.

—The coloration is distinctive.

Taken with the last species at Mfongosi in Zululand by W. E.

Jones.

CRYPTAULAX, Cam.

CRYPTAULAX RUFICEPS, Cam.

Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. v, 1906, p. 151, ¢ Q.

Areolet small and quadrate, emitting recurrent nervure from its

centre.

A female has been taken at Mfongosi in Zululand by Jones during

April, 1916.

EARRANA, Cam.

Spolia Zeylanica, ii, 1905, p. 119.

Parca, Morl. Indian Ichns. i, 1913, p. 361.

Essential Characters—Metathoracic spiracles circular; areolet

wanting ; clypeus neither reflexed nor apically depressed ; meso-

sternum not laterally spinate ; abdomen not metallic. The following

species is sufficiently congruous with H. lutea, Cam. (= P. ocularia,

Morl.), to allow of its inclusion in this somewhat anomalous genus,

though the upper basal nervure is distinctly a little antefurcal.

210 Annals of the South African Musewm.

EARRANA RECTINERVIS, Sp. NOV.

Q only. A small and slender, somewhat dull, rufo-testaceous

species, with the mandibular apices and flagellum except basally, alone

black ; face, vertical orbits broadly and a subapical flagellar band,

white ; terebra slender, half length of abdomen and, like the hind

tarsi, apically infuscate. Head vertical and evanescent behind the

prominent eyes; face strongly transverse, finely shagreened and not

discreted from the convex and apically rounded clypeus. Antennae

as long as the body. Notauli and sternauli deeply impressed ; meta-

thorax elongate and somewhat narrow, evenly shagreened throughout

with a very weak central and distinct apical, straight transcarina ;

petiolar area short and nearly smooth. Scutellum small, dull and

nearly smooth, only basally carmate. Abdomen finely shagreened

throughout with basal segment nearly smooth, fully twice longer than

apically broad. Legs long and very slender. Wings somewhat

narrow, with the disco-cubital nervure perfectly straight; areolet half

as broad again as high, its apical nervure wanting, though indicated ;

nervellus postfurcal, centrally intercepted. Length, 7 mm.

Mfongosi in Zululand, April, 1916, W. E. Jones.

SusrrisE CRYPTINI.

In view of the considerable literature likely to arise when the

Ichneumonidae of Africa come to be more fully collected, it were well

to here point out that the distinctions between the subtribes Mesostenini

and Cryptini (which together constitute the tribe Cryptides of the

subfamily Cryptinae) are extremely obscure and consist solely in the

conformation of the alar areolet. The Cryptinae, as a whole, are

the least specialised and, consequently, most difficult group of the

entire Ichneumonidae. In the palaearctic fauna it is sufficient to

describe this areolet (as is done in my Ichn. Brit. 11, 1907, pp. 258

and 266) as small and quadrate in the former subtribe, pentagonal

and of normal size in the latter; but throughout the tropics the

Mesostenini show much greater variability in this respect, which is

still our sole guide to differentiation, and it is misleading to state,

as does Cameron of his genus Stenomeris (Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. v, 1906,

p- 154), that “the form of the areolet does not give always a trust-

worthy distinction between the two”; for if such be the case, they

must be merged. That there is a constant, though subtle, distinction

I am convinced; and the already enormous—ere long, overwhelming—

number of the world’s species in both these subtribes renders it

convenient to retain them apart. ‘The test to which I subject indi-

viduals is a (more or less) regularly pentagonal areolet of variable

On some South African Ichneumonidae. PALL |

size for the Cryptini and a quadrate or (to any extent, breadth, and

size) transverse areolet for the Mesostenini. Into these two, certainly

very loose, divisions I find all the genera with which I am acquainted

fall sufficiently naturally with no overlapping except in the case of

the Indian genus Etha, under which name Cameron had congregated

examples of both wing-types. The “small, square” areolet of

Stenomeris shows it to unmistakably belong to the Mesostenini.

AGLAOCRYPTUS, Cam.

Mem. Manch. Soc. 1903, no. 14, p. 31.

Habrocryptus, Thoms. Opuse. Ent. v, 1873, p. 498.

AGLAOCRYPTUS GLABRATUS, Sp. NOV.

2 only. A strongly nitidulous, testaceous species with only the

abdomen somewhat dull; ocellar region to centre of occiput, mandi-

bular apices, flagellum and dot on scape, onychii, costa and stigma.

black ; remainder of head, and the flagellar band, white. Head broad

and glabrous with the face longitudinally suleate between epistoma

and orbits, clypeus apically depressed and truncate, labrum exserted,

Notauli profound and entire to disc of mesonotum; metathorax

glabrous with both transcarinae strong and entire, its spiracles

exactly circular and apophyses wanting. Scutellum smooth, not

margined. Abdomen narrow and confluently punctate, with anus

smoother and basal segment glabrous; terebra a lttle shorter than

abdomen. Legs and the hyaline wings normal, with penultimate

joint of hind tarsi deeply bilobed; areolet small and pentagonal,

emitting recurrent nervure from its centre; nervelet wanting ; upper

basal nervure and nervellus postfurcal, the latter centrally inter-

cepted. Length, 9 mm.—There is nothing distinctive about this

species (which has the facies of a small Mansa, Tosq. = Colganta,

Cam.) but its subglabrous body, circular spiracles and_bisuleate

face.

The type was taken at Durban in Natal during February, 1913, by

W. Haygarth.

CRYPTUS, Fabr.

Syst. Piezat. 1804.

Cryptus Leicui, Cam.

Ann. 8S. Afr. Mus. 1906, v, p. 141, @.

This is a member of the present genus, sensu Thomsoni.

“ Kranzkloof,’ Durban, in Natal: a female by Bell Marley on

October 9th, 1915,

212 Annals of the South African Museum.

Susramiry PIMPLINAE.

Trine XORIDIDES.

MOANSA, Tosq.

Mém. Soc. Entom. Belg. v, 1896, p. 344.

Gonioprymnus, Cam. Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. v, 1906, p. 126.

Moansa MAcuuiceps, Cam.

Gonioprymnus maculiceps, Cam. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. v, 1906, p. 126, 9.

The hitherto unknown ¢ of this conspicuous species differs very

slightly from the ? description in having the external orbits shortly, and

hind femora externally, streaked with white; the second as well as

third segment bears an impressed triangle, and both are united to the

base by an impressed discal line; the apex of the fourth segment is

dorsally emarginate and the metathorax is shortly bicarinate at both

base and apex with lateral traces of an apical transcarina. Front tibiae

inflated and basally constricted. Length, 14 mm.

The androtype is labelled “‘ Durban lights, March, 1915, Marley.”

GABUNIA, Kriech.

Sitzb. Nat. Ges. Leipz. 1895, p. 130.

Morley, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. xv, 1916, p. 383.

GABUNIA RUFICOXIS, Kriech. ,

Sitzb. Nat. Ges. Leipz. 1895, p. 132, g 9.

Nadia fasciipennis, Tosq. 1896, p. 337, 2.

I have seen this species from Uganda, a considerable extension of

range. It is the closest ally of G. Bardo (Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. xv, 1916,

p. 385), though the terebra is much longer, the head posteriorly

narrower, the clypeus centrally produced and apices of the lower

wings not totally infumate as in that species.

GABUNIA TOGENSIS, Krieg.

Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl. v, 1911, p. 550, 9.

Ernest A. Elliott, F.Z.S., has presented me with a 9 of this

handsome insect, taken by C. A. Wiggins at Entebbe in Uganda

during June, 1912. G. ruficeps, Cam. (Entom. 1906, p. 30, 9),

from East Coast, Natal, seems a very closely allied species; I have

not seen it.

—

(os)

On some South African Ichneumonidae.

Trine ECHTHROMORPHIDES.

ECHTHROMORPHA, Holmer.

EcHTHROMORPHA VARIEGATA, Brullé.

Morl. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 1916, p. 386.

Further specimens of both sexes have been taken by Jones during

May, 1916, at Mfongosi in Zululand.

Trigg PIMPLIDKES.

EXERISTES, Forst.

Verh. pr. Rhein]. 1868, p. 164.

Charitopimpla, Cam. Journ. St. Br. R. Asiatic Soc. 1902, p. 48;

Holcopimpla, Cam. Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. v, 1906, p. 112.

EXERISTES NIGRICORNIS, Cam.

Holcopimpla nigricornis, Cam. Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. v, 1906, p. 118, 9.

Cameron’s new genus Holcopimpla, with its single species, is entirely

synonymous with Hzeristes, Forst. In my table of the latter genus

(Revis. Ichn. i, 1914, p. 25) insert thus:

(20). 21. Metanotum very sparsely punctate; areolet subpetiolate.”

(8). a. Flavidous, apices of metathorax and second segment black-marked.

10*. nigricornis, Cam.

(a). B. Species not so coloured.

(25). 22. Red with black markings ; legs entirely pale.”

Cameron omits to note that the head is buccate both below and

behind the eyes, that the scape and flagellar base are both pale, that

the thorax is discally deplanate, and that the wings are apically infu-

mate with their stigma basally white. He only knew the 9? ; the

@ differs no more than sexually and in having the abdomen sublinear.

Jones took several examples in Zululand at Mfongosi during May,

1916:

THERONTA, Holmer.

Ofv. Vet. Ak. Férhdbl. xvi, 1860, p. 123.

THERONIA MELANOCERA, Holmer.

Eugen. Resa Insect. 1868, p. 404.

In my diagnosis of this species (Revis. Ichn. in, 1914, p. 41) for

~‘ metathorax”’ read “mesonotum.’ The length of both sexes varies,

10-12 mm. The present examples all have the anus infuseate ; they

-were bred at Johannesburg in the Transvaal in March, 1904; captured

214. Annals of the South African Museum.

at Mfongosi in Zululand in May, 1916, by W. E. Jones; and taken at

“ Kranzkloof” in Natal on May 24th, 1915, by Bell Marley.

XANTHOPIMPLA, Sauss.

Grandidier’s Hist. Phys. Madagascar, 1892, Pl. XIII.

XANTHOPIMPLA RENOVATA, nom. Nov.

Xanthopmpla appendiculata, Cameron, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. v, 1906,

p- lll, 2, nec Cameron, Fauna Maldive and Lacc. Arch. I, i,

1902) p. ol, 69.

Cameron described two distinct species under a single name in this

genus ; consequently I have renamed the later of these. Marley took

a large female of X. renovata at “ Kranzkloof” near Durban in Natal

(the typical locality) in May, 1915.

PIMPLA, Fabr.

Syst. Piez. 1804, p. 112.

Prmpua crocata, Tosq.

Morley, Ann, S. Afr. Mus. xv, 1916, p. 386.

Both sexes from Mfongosi in Zululand in May, 1916 (Jones), and

Durban in Natal during May, 1915 (Marley); Knysna, Cape (I.

Péringuey).

PIMPLA PUBENS, Sp. nov.

g only. A densely white-pubescent, dull red species with the head

and thorax, anus, stigma,and apical half of the hind legs black ;

wings hyaline with radices, tegulae and base of stigma pure white.

Leneth, 10 mm.—Very like P. crocata in its sculpture and coloration,

but with the palpi white, clypeus and mandibular hase testaceous, the

frons transaciculate and centrally stoutly carinate; scutellum and

flagellum black, with scape rufescent below; abdomen more finely

punctate, with basal segment distinctly longer ; hind femora and tibiae

darker, and the whole body shortly white-pubescent.

W. E. Jones captured the type at Mfongosi in Zululand during

May, 1916.

EPIURUS, Thomson.

Opusc. Entom. xii, 1889, p. 1412.

EPiurvus SEMIDILUTUS, Sp. Nov.

3g only. A deep red and strongly nitidulous species with the head,

except its testaceous palpi, the antennae, sternum and pleurae, meso-

On some South African Ichneumonidae. 215

notum except discally, the frenum, both base and apex of metathorax,

base of first segment, apex of second narrowly and two apical marks

on third, all the claws and hind tarsi, black. Basal segment parallel-

sided, double as long as broad and not discally canaliculate; lower

basal nervure postfureal. Length, 10 mm.—This species agrees in

every way with the characters, set forth in my table of Epiurus (Revis.

TIchn. 111, 1914, p. 80, in which at No. “ (30) 27” for “hind claws”

read “ hind elaw-joint”’), of #. dilutus, Ratz., the ¢ of which was first

described by Bridgman (Entom. xii, 1879, p. 55), who remarks upon

its subglabrous abdomen. Therefrom the present male differs in no

more than a few essential details: Mesonotum subglabrous and less

closely pubescent, mesopleurae transversely suleate centrally and more

deeply punctate below, metanotum glabrous with sparse puncturation

and lacking basal carina; abdomen stouter with the dorso-lateral

tubercles a little more prominent; hind tarsi black throughout ;

tegulae fulvous, costa and stigma black, upper basal nervure far more

oblique and the lower distinctly a little postfureal ; but especially in

having the first segment glabrous and diseally smooth with subapical

lateral foveae and its base simple, whereas in E. diluta it is discally

sulcate and bicarinate from the laterally auriculate base to a subapical

transconstriction.

The type is labelled “C. W. Mally, Agrl. Dept., Elsenberg, Cape

Colony, October 11th, 1914.”

HEMIPIMPLA, Sauss.

Grandidier’s Hist. Phys. Madagascar, 1892, P] XIII, fig. 4.

HEMIPIMPLA DIVISA, Tosq.

Mém. Soc. Entom. Belg. v, 1896, p. 302, 9.

¢ 9. The male has hitherto been unknown. It differs only sexu-

ally from the female in—at least occasionally—having the lateral

tubercles of the second and third segments infuscate. I do not find

that the 9 has either the hind tarsi or apices of their tibiae black, as

indicated by its author; in both sexes they are but little darker than

the remainder of the pale fulvidous legs, with nothing but the tarsal

claws black. Both sexes occurred to Jones at Mfongosi in Zululand

during April and May, 1916.

HEMIPIMPLA TEREBRATA, Sp. NOY.

2 only. Head, thorax and legs nitidulous and testaceous-red, with

mandibular apices and both hind tibiae and their tarsi alone black.

Antennae filiform and black. Abdomen deep black with the three

216 Annals of the South African Museum.

basal segments testaceous-red. Metathorax not flavous-marked,

exareolate, with circular spiracles and a black dot on either side of its

apex. Basal segment discally shining and centrally transimpressed,

remainder closely punctate to sixth; the second apically black-lined

on either side ; terebra exactly as long as whole body. Hind femora

simple; tarsal claws basally lobate and not pectinate. Wings fulvescent

with apices of both pairs black, the front ones alone with a concolorous

band as broad as the stigma and extending therefrom to the sinus,

broadly confluent in the anal cell with the apical infumation ; nervures

of basal half red ; areolet broadly triangular and not petiolate, emitting

the subentire recurrent from its apical fourth; nervelet extending half

way to basal nervure ; nervellus subopposite and centrally intercepted.

Length, 15 mm.—In my table of species (Revis. Ichn. iii, 1914, p. 90)

this female should stand next to H. divisa, Tosq. The alar infumation

resembles that of H. bifasciata, though not extending along the inner

margin of the hind wing, as in that species.

The type (in coll. auct.) was taken by C. A. Wiggins at Entebbe in

Uganda during June, 1912, and presented to me by Ernest A. Elliott,

F.Z.S.

Tring LISSONOTIDES.

SYZEUCTUS, Forst.

Verh. pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. 167.

SYZEUCTUS SPILOCEPHALUS, Cam.

Tissonota spilocephala, Cam. Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. v, 1906, p. 124, 3.

Its author precedes this species with a query, as though doubtful

of its right to inclusion in the genus Lissonota; this and, I believe,

the majority of the species described by him at Joc. cit. are referable

to tne genus Syzeuctus—The 9? differs, as is usual in the genus,

considerably in coloration from the @, though the sculpture is

identical. Head, antennae and thorax black; clypeus, part of

mandibles, sides of face broadly and all the orbits narrowly,

stramineous; propleural margin, subhamate mesonotal lines, post-

seutellum and both sides and apex of scutellum stramineous ;

metapleural spiracles elongate. Abdomen brick-red throughout,

becoming flavescent at apices of the second and third segments ;

terebra straight, black and as long (8 mm.) as the abdomen. Legs

brick-red, with the posterior discally black and the front coxae

stramineous. Wings slightly flavescent, with apices of both pairs

truncately and definitely infumate; stigma and subcosta testaceous ;

On some South African Tehneumonidae. 917

radial nervure straight above the small areolet, which is no higher

than the length of its petiolar nervure, subtriangular, externally

curved, emitting recurreut nervure from its apical fourth; spurious

nervure of hind wing straight to apex. Leneth, 12 mm.

This gynetype was captured by R. M. Lightfoot at East London

during 1915.

SyzZEUCTUS FUSCICORNIS, Cam.

Lissonota fuscicornis, Cam. Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. v, 1906, p. 121, 9.

¢ 2. The conformation of the areolet and metapleural spiracles

of both sexes is exactly as in S. spilocephalus; the spurious nervure

of the hind wine is strong, though hardly extending to apex.

The @ has the three basal segments laterally black-lined.—The

undescribed @ differs only in its smaller size of 11 mm. and the

coloration of its abdomen, the spiracles of whose three basal

seoments are rather more conspicuous; the last is black with a

quadrate subbasal fascia; apices of the basal segment broadly and

of the following narrowly flavous with base of second, third and fourth

centrally concolorous ; the anus from centre of fourth segment alone

is red.

Both sexes were taken at Mfongosi in Zululand during April, 1916,

by Jones.

SyZEUCTUS INTERSTITIALIS, Cam.

Lissonota interstitialis, Cam. Rec. Albany Mus. i, 1905, p. 251.

$2. The conformation of the areolet and metapleural spiracles

of both sexes is exactly as in NS. spilocephalus; the spurious nervure

of the hind wing is wanting. The Q differs from the last species

in having the black and straight terebra no longer (6 mm.) than the

abdomen, and the ¢ in having the red abdomen apically black from

centre of the fourth segment.

The female occurred with S. fuscicornis in Zululand ; and the male

at Gt. Winterhoek near Tulbagh, Cape, at 3600 ft. to R. M. Lightfoot

during April, 1916.

ASPHRAGIS, Forst.

Verh. pr. Rheinl. xxv, 1868, p. 166.

ASPHRAGIS FLAVIDORBITALIS, Cam.

Entom. xxxix, 1906, p. 18, @.

$2. For length “5 mm.” read “15 mm.,” which ineludes the

body 75; and terebra 73. The ungual pectination is strong. The

218 Annals of the South African Museum.

undescribed ¢ differs only sexually from the female.—Found at the

same locality as S. interstitialis by R. M. Lightfoot.

ASPHRAGIS RUBRICOSA, Sp. nov.

@ only. A dull closely punctate, rosy species, becoming posteriorly

black, with only the anterior femora and tibiae laterally testaceous.

Head posteriorly constricted; clypeus neither basally discreted nor

its evenly rounded apex impressed; cheeks not short; juxta-scrobal

orbits alone shortly stramineous. Antennae filiform, slender and

black with base of the first three or four joints, and the entire

scape, rosy. Thorax dull and discally deplanate, with neither notauli

nor sternauli; its sternum black; metathorax strongly and closely

punctate, its apical transcarina subentire and spiracles circular.

Scutellum closely and more finely punctate, distinctly a little convex.

Abdomen deplanate, no longer than head and thorax, with the three

basal segments evenly punctate, remainder black and subglabrous

and retracted; first segment double as long as apically broad,

longitudinally rugulose discally, with spiracles before centre; terebra

as long (23 mm.) as three first segments, or two-thirds of abdomen.

Legs not slender; hind ones, intermediate coxae except discally, and

their trochanters, black; claws strongly pectinate. Wines hyaline

and not broad; radix testaceous, tegulae and stigma black; basal

nervure strongly arcuate and subcontinuous through the median;

intereubital nervure slightly longer than distant from second

recurrent, of which nearly the upper half is fenestrate; radius

obtusely angled; nervellus opposite and indistinctly intercepted a

little below its centre. Length, 8 mm.—Stouter, less elongate and

more deeply punctate than the last species, from which the colour

renders its facies very different, though the neuration is similar.

Found by W. E. Jones at Mfongosi in Zululand during May, 1916.

Trine BANCHIDES.

TEGONA, Morley.

Fauna India, Ichn. i, 1913, p. 251.

TEGONA DISCRETA, sp. NOV.

2 only. <A clear testaceous species with the head flavous; the

frons, occiput, antennae, central mesonotal lobe and hind tarsi, black ;

wings clear fulvescent, with costa and stigma testaceous. Head not

strongly constricted posteriorly ; clypeus strongly elongate, as long as

On some South African Ichnewmonidae. 219

basally broad and apically truncate, closely punctate and not discreted

from the similarly punctate face; mandibles stout and obtusely bi-

dentate apically, teeth nigrescent; both maxillary and labial palpi

testaceous, with cylindrical joints; eyes internally parallel and not

emarginate ; frons sulcate from ocelli to the superiorly elevated

scrobes. Antennae elongate, setaceous, slender and immaculate.

Thorax stout, dull and closely punctate; notauli deeply impressed,

sternauli wanting ; mesopleural speculum foveate ; metathorax without

even supracoxal carinae, impressed at the slightly elongate spiracles,

its disc longitudinally subsuleate. Scutellum and _ postscutellum

convex, deeply punctate, with only basal carmae. Abdomen glittering

and subglabrous, with two first segments deplanate and remainder

subcompressed ; basal segment straight, slightly explanate throughout,

twice and a half as Jong as apically broad and centrally constricted

beyond the somewhat prominent spiracles; central segments in-

definitely black-lined laterally ; hypopygium large and cultriform ;

terebra hardly exserted. Legs slender, the hind ones elongate, with

apices of their tibiae infuscate ; coxae finely punctate; claws distinctly

and shortly pectinate. Wings ample; lower basal nervure but slightly

postfureal ; internal cubital entire and broadly fenestrate at its apical

third ; areolet rhomboidal and corneously petiolate, emitting the semi-

fenestrate recurrent distinctly before its centre; nervellus elongately

postfureal, emitting spurious nervure from its upper third. Length,

11 mm.—The produced clypeus places this species in T'egona (ef. lib.

eit., fig. Ixii), though the cheeks are much shorter than the basal

breadth of the mandibles.

The type was discovered by W. EH. Jones at Mfongosi in Zululand

during April, 1916.

Tre SKIAPODES, tribus nova.

The characters are those of the genus. So remarkable is the con-

formation of the following species that I find myself reluctantly

compelled to erect for its reception a new Tribe, agreeing in its

abdominal structure to a limited extent with the Banchides, as grouped

by me (Rev's. Ichn. iv, 1915, p. 185), but with totally different and

unique neuration. The Skiapodes is at once known from the whole

remainder of the Ichneumonidae by its semicircularly excised occiput,

the sublinear disposition of the ocelli, the bicarinate frons, minute and

subquadrate mandibles, which are (as in the Braconidous family

Alysiidae) porrect and not apically touching inter se, and by the

unique structure of both uervures, which most closely, perhaps,

220 Annals of the South African Museum.

resemble those of the Ophionides, and hind tarsi, which are of greater

length than the whole body. In certain respects the neuration is not

dissimilar to that of Lapton, as figured by Pfankuch (at Deut. Entom.

Zeit. 1912, p. 458), though the intercubital nervure is strongly

oblique, and not, as there shown, vertical; also the hypopygium in

both is prominent.

T need hardly point out that the Skiapodes were a fabulous people

of Libya, possessed of enormously developed feet.

SKIAPUS, gen. nov.

Head very strongly transverse ; oeciput semicircularly excavate

centrally immediately behind ocelli, which are not in triangle but in a

curved line with the lateral only half their breadth behind the

Ss Ky apy Sh Vennion

central; frons strongly bicarinate and centrally sulcate between the

scrobes ; eyes large and acutely emarginate internally ; face transverse

and longitudinally impressed on either side above base of the minute

and triangular clypeus; cheeks obsolete ; mandibles porrect and very

small, nearly quadrate, lower tooth minute and upper wanting ; labrum

strongly exserted, longitudinally carinate discally ; mandibular palpa

joints cylindrical. Antennae longer than body, filiform and not

slender, apically setaceous. Thorax stout, notauli and sternauli want-

ing; mesonotum abruptly declivous anteriorly; scutellum glabrous,

not convex, laterally finely carinate ; metathorax very short, obliquely

declivous throughout, and not centrally impressed; glabrous and

exareolate, with two evenly curved carinae traversing its basal half, of

which the first centrally touches the base; spiracles large and linear ;

apophyses wanting. Abdomen small and coarctate, strongly com-

pressed from base of third segment; first segment petiolate and linear

to spiracles at its apical fourth, and thence slightly explanate ; thyridii

wanting; venter plicate, with hypopygium protuberant, and @ val-

vulae half length of basal segment. Legs long and slender, with the

hind ones extraordinarily elongate; all tibiae externally setiferous ;

hind coxae large and globose, discally suleate and as long as meta-

= a

On some South African Ichneumonidae. pal

thoracic disc, their femora extending to anus (44 mm. in length) and

exactly as long as tibiae; hind tarsi slender, cylindrical and fully as

long in @, or longer (105 mm.) in 2, than the whole body, sparsely

and strongly setiferous and pilose with base of al] joints glabrous,

their claws simple but apical half of unguiculi stoutly pectinate

laterally and below ; all the claws straight and apically attenuate, the

anterior alone basally pectinate. Wings ample; stigma obsolete ;

inner cubital cell apically acute; areolet wanting; the strongly oblique

intercubital nervure receiving second recurrent, inner and outer cubital

nervures at a common point; sinus infumate; nervellus strongly

geniculate at its upper fourth.

SKIAPUS COALESCENS, Sp. Nov.

6 2. A bright flavous species, with extreme mandibular apices,

ocellar region, the central occipital impression, antennae except

underside of scape, three mesonotal vittae,a radical dot, spicula and its

valvulae except apically, and whole of hind tibiae and tarsi, black ;

stigma and nervures infuscate, with centre of the former rufescent ;

wings subhyaline, evenly and but very slightly infumate throughout.

Length, 8-10 mm.

The type of this remarkable tribe and genus is in my collection ; it

was captured at Stella Bush, near Durban, in Natal, by H. W. Bell

Marley during April, 1915. I do not anticipate that the species is

rare, for W. E. Jones has found it at Mfongosi in Zululand in May,

1916, F. Muir about Durban in 1902 (in coll. Mus. Brit.), and

S. A. Neave considerably extended its known range by his

discovery of the unique male on February 4th, 1913, at Mlanje in

Nyassaland.

SupramMity TRYPHONINAE.

Trips BASSIDES.

BASSUS, Fall.

Specimen, Hym. 1613.

Bassus LAETATORIUS, Fab.

Cam. Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. v, 1906, p. 131.

Morl. loc. cit. xv, 1916, p. 391.

This cosmopolitan species has now penetrated to Zululand, where

W. E. Jones took it at Mfongosi during April, 1916.

Annals of the South African Museum.

Supramity OPHIONINAE.

Trine OPHIONIDES.

ALLOCAMPTUS, Thoms.*

Opuse. Entom. xii, 1888, p. 1186.

ALLOCAMPTUS SENESCENS, Tosq.

Mem. Soc. Entom. Belg. v, 1896, p. 375, 3.

Found by Dr. Melle. Arcturus, 1915, Salisbury in Mashonaland,

and by Jones at Mfongosi in Zululand—The 9? differs only sexually ;

in the present instance, also in having the nervellus interrupted at a

slightly higher point, and the thorax of a paler colour, than the male.

ALLOCAMPTUS CRASSELLUS, Sp. NOV.

g only. <A testaceous species with head mainly flavous, stigma and

costa and flagellum nigrescent; agreeing in all essential characters

with the Australasian A. crassus (Revis. Ichn. i, 1912, p. 26), but

much smaller with the stigma darker, and base of radial nervure

strongly sinuate. Basal nervure continuous through median, ner-

vellus geniculate at its lower third, scutellum deplanate and laterally

carinate only to its centre; metanotum shagreened with its basal

region smoother. From all African species with corneous alar marks,

the posterior breadth of the head, which is no less than that of the

eyes, will distinguish it. Length, 17 mm.

Captured at Mfongosi in Zululand during March, 1916, by W. E.

Jones.

ALLOCAMPTUS NUGALIS, Schulz.

Spoha Hymen. 1906,"p. 275, 9.

A female was taken at Durban in Natal by Marley in March, 1915.

IT have examined the type of Schulz’ species, which is in the British

Museum.

* T should lke to take the opportunity of correcting the synonymy of

ALLOCAMPTUS LATILINEATUS, Cam., found in Mexico, Guatemala, Paraguay,

and Brazil:

Ophion curvinervis, Cameron, Biologia Centr.-Amer. Pl. XLVIII, 1886,

iFiymi ap. 293; Eee x noe 19 sO mneceKareehs).

Ophiomorpha curvinervis, Széepligeti, Gen. Ins. fasc. xxxiv, 1905, p. 35.

Ophion latilineatus, Cameron, Journ. R. Agric. Soc. Demerara, i, 1911,

p. 179.

Allocamptus renovatus,'Morley, Revision Ichneumonidae, i, 1912, p. 28, 2 g.

On some South African Ichnewmonidae. 225

HENICOSPILUS, Steph.

Tllus. British Entom. vil, 1835,-p. 126.

HENICOSPILUS VECORS, Tosq.

Mém. Soc. Entom. Belg. v, 1896, p. 387.

Marley took a large male at Stella Bush near Durban during

January, 1914.

HENIcOSsPILUS RUFUS, Kriech.

Berl. Entom. Zeit. 1894, p. 307 (nec Brullé neenon Tosq.).

Represented by both sexes from Stella Bush near Durban in Natal

in November, 1915 (Marley), Mfongosi in Zululand during April,

1916 (Jones), and Salisbury in Southern Rhodesia (D. Dodds). A 9

from “ Bonnefoi, Transvaal,” is in the Berlin Entom. Mus.

HENICOSPILUS LONGESCUTELLATUS, Kriech.

Berl. Entom. Zeit. 1894, p. 308, 9.

A female was bred by Marley in Natal during August, 1915, from

its own white dull and nearly smooth cocoon of the shape usual to this

genus, out of the Noctuid moth, Phytometra limbirena, Guén.

HENICOSPILUS LEIONOTUS, Tosq.

Mém. Soc. Entom. Belg. v, 1896, p. 398.

Marley also bred this male at Durban in March, 1915, from its own

dull chocolate-coloured cocoon with a pale central cincture ; host not

oiven.

NOTOTRACHYS, Marshall.

Tr. Ent. Soc. 1872, p. 260.

NororrRaAcHys FLAVOMACULATUS, Cam.

Rec. Albany Mus. i, 1905, p. 250.

A couple of 2 9 found by W. E. Jones at Mfongosi in Zululand in

May, 1916.

Trips PANISCIDES.

PANISCUS, Grav.

Ichn. Europ. iii, 1829, p. 622.

Paniscus Artutopicus, Szépl.

Bull. Mus. Paris, 1907, p. 139, 9.

Both sexes are from Mfongosi in Zululand during April, 1916

(W. E. Jones), and from Kimberley during October, 1913 (Bro. J. H.

Power).

224. Annals of the South African Museum.

PANISCUS OCELLARIS, Szépl.

Kilimandj. Exped. 11, 1910, p. 89, 9°.

A male (which sex I described in Revis. Ichn. ii, 1913, p. 116) was

found by W. E. Jones at Mfongosi in Zululand during May, 1916.

Trine PRISTOMERIDES.

PRISTOMERIDIA, Ashm.

Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1900, p. 100.

This differs from the next genus in no constant character but the

straight nervellus, which is neither geniculate nor intercepted.

PRISTOMERIDIA ALBESCENS, Sp. NOV.

$6 9.—¢. Avery pale stramineous, dull and apparently debilitant

species with the mandibular apex, a line connecting ocelli, a vitta on

each of the three mesonotal lobes,f{scutellar fovea, frenum, speculum,

hind tarsi, base and apex of their tibiae, inner side of their coxae and

more or less of anus, indefinitely brunneous or nigrescent ; flagellum

infuscate with joints of its basal half apically flavidous and the first

pale beneath. Face short, shining and finely punctate, longitudinally

elevated centrally and discreted from the convex and apically rounded

clypeus; mandibular teeth of equal length, cheeks normal. Meso-

notum dull and finely shagreened, its apex prominent and abruptly

declived but with superficial notauli; scutellum convex, nearly circular

and whitish, only basally margined; metathorax obsoletely scabricu-

lous, both its transcarinae distinct with very indistinct and _ sub-

triangular areola; petiolar area trans-strigose. Abdomen linear,

somewhat dull and evenly shagreened throughout, with the thyridii of

second segment elongate and genital valvulae exserted. Legs slender ;

hind femora stout with an acute tooth, followed by a series of

serrations, slightly beyond centre. Wings ample and hyaline with

nervures and the very broad stigma black; basal continuous through

median; nervellus neither geniculate nor intercepted.

The 2 shows remarkable transition to the Cremastides, and suggests

that the present tribe cannot long be retained distinct therefrom. Its

hind femora bear no more than the slightest trace of a tubercle,

followed by a series of very fine trans-striae. In other respects it

differs from the male in nothing but its black and subaciculate two

basal segments, nigrescent metanotum and centre of the third and

On some South African Ichneumonidae. 225

fourth segments; the terebra is straight, black and half length of

abdomen. Length, ¢ 9, 5-55 mm.

A couple of males were found with one female by W. E. Jones at

Mfongosi in Zululand, April, 1916.

PRISTOMERUS, Curtis.

Brit. Ent. xii, 1856, p. 624.

PRISTOMERUS LUTEOLUS, Tosq.

Mem. Soc. Entom. Belg. v, 1896, p. 421, ¢.

It is surprising that no additional species of this genus have been

brought forward since Tosquinet (loc. cit.) described three. The

present male was from Gambia; but a second, captured by D. Dodds

at Salisbury in South Rhodesia, is certainly not distinct and represents

a wide range.

Trine CREMASTIDES.

CREMASTUS, Grav.

Morley, Ann. S. Afr. Mus. xv, 1916, p. 393.

CREMASTUS ANNULICORNIS, Tosq.

Mém. Soc. Entom. Belg. v, 1896, p. 416, 9.

I am not aware that this species has been mentioned since first

described from Delagoa Bay ; and the ¢@ is still unknown. The dark

stigma bordered by the pale costa is remarkable. The only species

since described from all Africa appears to be C. testaceus, Szépl.

(Kilimandjaro Exped. vin, 3, 1910, p. 50).*

One female occurred to Jones at Mfongosi in Zululand during May,

1916.

CrEeMAstus noxiosus, Morl.

Fauna India, Ichn. i, 1913, p. 501, ¢ 9°.

A male, differing in no pertinent particular from the typical Bengal

type of this species was captured in Natal by Marley during March,

1916.

CrEMaAstus CYPETE, Sp. Nov.

? only. A strongly elongate, dull species with mandibles, orbits

throughout, elongate lines before radices coalescent with two hamate

* Also here must be added RicRENA PALLIDIPENNIS, Cameron, Ann. 8. Afr.

Mus. v, 1906, p. 104, which I noted as belonging to the Cremastides, and not

(as placed by its author) to the Porizonides, when examining the reputed

type in the British Museum.

226 Annals of the South African Museum.

mesonotal vittae, apices of third to fifth segments centrally, venter and

a dot beneath anterior coxae, flavous; legs, and marks near apices of

second and third segments, more or less dark rufescent. Head dull

and distinctly punctate with only scrobes glabrous ; face not convex,

its apex discreted from the reflexed and apically rounded clypeus ;

juxta-antennal orbits elevated. Antennae not pale-marked. Thorax

dull and somewhat deeply punctate throughout, with obsolete notauh ;

metathoracic areae entire ; basal area narrow, areola large and sub-

parallel-sided, twice longer than broad and emitting strong costulae

from its basal third. Scutellum deplanate, not margined, as deeply

punctate as the thorax. Abdomen finely shagreened with second

segment aciculate throughout, its thyridi basal; terebra deflexed,

black and longer (53 mm.) than whole abdomen (5 mm.). Wings

hyaline with stout nervures ; stigma broad and black; base of apical

abscissa of radius strongly sinuate ; brachial cell very narrow ; nervellus

neither geniculate nor intercepted. Length, 8 mm.

The type is labelled: ‘ Hottentots’ Holland Mts. 4000 feet.

Caledon, Cape, Barnard, 1916.”

Trine CAMPOPLEGIDES.

XANTHOCAMPOPLEX, Morl.*

Fauna India, Ichn. 1, 1913, p. 445.

XANTHOCAMPOPLEX FLAVESCENS, Sp. NOV.

& @. <A dull and very slender species, the wings hyaline and body

clear flavous with only the mandibular apices, ocellar region, flagellum

and disc of scape, terebral valvulae, hind tarsi and apices of the

anterior, black; central mesonotal vitta nigrescent and in ¢ extending

to scutellum, sometimes with a pale brunneous one on either side.

Metathorax shagreened with a curved basal transcarina touching the

base centrally, to which the parallel-sided and trans-striolate petiolar

area extends; spiracles linear. Basal segment glabrous, gradually

explanate apically and longer than the terebra. Discal spines of the

hind tibiae strong; tarsi pectinate. Wings somewhat narrow, with

tegulae and stigma flavidous ; lower basal nervure postfurcal ; radius

* XANTHOCAMPOPLEX NIGROMACULATUS is the only described species—

Zachresta (sic) nigromaculata, Cam. Ann. Nat. Hist. xx, 1907, p. 18, 2? =

Xanthocampoplex orientalis, Morl. Faun. India, Ichn. i, 1918, p. 445, 6 9. ‘The

Berlin Museum possesses this species from Sumatra and twenty-three speci-

mens, comprising both sexes, which were collected by Col. Bingham in Sikkim

On some South African Ichneumonidae. 227

elongate and but slightly curved ; petiole of the oblique areolet as long

as its inner nervure; both the outer cubital and second recurrent

nervures emitted from lower external angle of areolet; hind wings

with both the radial and cubital nervures pellucid beyond the

recurrent ; nervellus entire, straight and not intercepted. Length,

8-9 mm.

Both sexes occurred to W. E. Jones at Mfongosi in Zululand during

April and May, 1916.

OMORGA, Thoms.

Opusc. Entom. xi, 1887, p. 1125.

OMORGA LONGICEPS, Cam.

Limnerium longiceps, Cam. Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. v, 1906, p. 100, @.

The ¢ differs very slightly in having the mandibles, palpi, tegulae

and the anterior coxae and trochanters, pure white; the hind coxae

and trochanters stramineous, and the basal joint of their tarsi not

pale-marked. The structure of the nervellus was overlooked by

Cameron; it is antefurcal and geniculate, relegating the species to

Thomson’s genus Omorga, with which the conformation of the basal

segment also agrees.

The androtype was captured at Mfongosi in Zululand by W. E,

Jones in May, 1916.

Aello (Goryphus)

Aethiopicus (Paniscus) :

AGLAOCRYPTUS, Cam. .

AGLAOJOPPA, Cam

albescens (Pristomeridia) .

ALLOCAMPTUS, Thoms.

AMBLYPYGINI

annulicornis (Cremastus)

ASPHRAGIS, Forst. .

BANCHIDES

BASSIDES

BASSUS, Fall.

bucephalus (Leptophatnus)

(©

CAMPOPLEGIDES

carinisecrobes (Hupalamus)

Celoeno (Goryphus)

Ceta (Platylabus) :

CHARITOJOPPA, Cam.

einctitibia (Goryphus)

coalescens (Skiapus).

COELICHNEUMON, Thoms.

conflatus (Neotypus) .

corniger (Goryphus)

crassellus (Allocamptus)

CREMASTIDES

CREMASTUS, Grav. .

crocata (Pimpla)

CRYPTAULAX, Cam.

CRYPTIDES

CRYPTINAE

CRYPTINI. :

CRYPTUS, Fabr.

Cypete (Cremastus )

denticlypeus (Mesostenus)

discreta (Tegona)

divisa (Hemipimpla) .

BH.

EARRANA, Cam.

ECHTHROMORPHA, Hiner.

ECHTHROMORPHIDES .

EPIJOPPA, Morl.

EPIURUS, Thoms.

INDEX

PAGE

208 | EUPALAMUS, Westm.

223 | EXERISTES, Forst. .

211

196 EF

224" flavescens (Xanthocampoplex)

425 _ flavidorbitalis (Asphragis) .

200 | flavomaculatus (Nototrachys)

225 fuscicornis (Syzeuctus)

217

| G

GABUNIA, Kriesch ‘

218 | glabratus (Aglaocryptus)

oe GORYPHUS, Himer.

194 | H

| hemerythraeus (Platylabus)

| HEMIPIMPLA, Sauss.

226 | HEMITELES, Grav.

199 | HEMITELINI .

207 | HENICOSPILUS, Steph.

203 |

200 | I

206 | ICHNEUMONIDAE .

221 | ICHNEUMONIDES

197 | ICHNEUMONINAE .

198 | inermis (Xanthojoppa)

206 | interstitialis (Syzeuctus)

222 | ISCHNOJOPPA, Kriesch

225

225 | J)

214

209 JOPPIDES

205 L

205

0 laetatorius (Bassus)

211 Leighi (Cryptus)

997, | leionotus (Henicospilus)

LEPTOPHATNUS, Cam.

| LISSONOTIDES

LISTRODROMIDES .

208 | lobatus (Goryphus) ;

218 | longescutellatus (Henicospilus) :

215 | longi giceps (Omorga)

Lucifer (Platylabus)

| lutea (Xanthojoppa)

209 | luteolus (Pristomerus)

2138

213 M

196 | maculiceps (Moansa) .

214

| melanocera (‘l'heronia)

PAGE

109)

2138

226

217

v PAB}

217

212

211

205

202

215

205

223

198

199

193

196

217

194

198

221

211

223

193

216

198

206

223

227

208

195

225

212

213

en ne eee ee ee

Index. 229

PAGE | PAGE

MESOSTENINI . ; : . 205 rhodesiae (Mesostenus) : e208

MESOSTENUS, Grav. : - 208 | rubricosa (Asphragis) . ‘ 5 Allis’

MOANSA, Tosgq. . : : - 212 rubrithorax (Aglaojoppa) . 7 196

ruficeps (Cryptaulax) . ; . 209

N ruficeps (Leptophatnus) ; . 193

NEOTYPUS, Forst. . ; _ 198 | ruficoxis (Gabunia) . : . 212

nigricornis (Exeristes) } _ 213 | rufus (Henicospilus) . : . 223

nigricoxata (Epijoppa) : . 196 |

NOTOTRACHYS, Marsh. . 223% | S

noxiosus (Cremastus) . 2 ge EE semidilutus (Epiurus 214.

nugalis (Allocamptus) ee senescens A : . 222

O | SKIAPODES _. : : . 219

: ’ : | SKIAPUS, ng. . : = 220

ocellaris (Paniscus) — . : © 22d spilocephalus (Syzeuctus) : 2 246

octans (Mesostenus) . ; - 209 | SYZEUCTUS, Forst. ; 216

OMORGA, Thoms. : é - 227

OPHIONIDES . : . 222 1.

OPHIONINAE . i : . 222 .

OXYPYGINI. ‘ . 199 | TEGONA, Morl. F : . 218

terebrata (Hemipimpla) : . 215

P testaceus (Goryphus) : - 207

PANISCIDES . ; : . 223 | testaceus (Platylabus) : . 204

PANISCUS, Grav. t . 223 | THERONTIA, HImer. . : 5 ails

petiolaris (Coelichneumon) . 197 | thoracica (Charitojoppa) 200

Phoreys (Platylabus) . . 202 | togensis (Gabunia) . . 212

PHYGADEUONIDES . ._ 205 | TRYPHONINAE 221

PIMPLA, Fabr. . ; : . 214

PIMPLIDES : : : a ais: || V

et 2 | mine neem)

PLATYURINI. " 901 variabilis (Epijoppa) . 96

PRISTOMERIDES 294, | variegata (Echthromorpha) ele

PRISTOMERIDIA, Ashm. ___-224 | Ye0ors (Henicospilus). . 228

PRISTOMERUS, Curtis 905 | visibilis (Ischnojoppa) : . 194

pubens (Pimpla) . : : . 214

pulchellus (Hemiteles) . 205 | x

| XANTHOCAMPOPLEX, Morl. 226

R | XANTHOJOPPA, Cam, 9 . ‘195

rectinervis (Harrana) . ; . 210 | XANTHOPIMPLA, Sauss.. = pAlet

renovata (Xanthopimpla) . . 214 | XORIDIDES . : . 212

9.—South African Crustacea (Part X of S.A. Crustacea, for the Marine

Investigations in South Africa).—By the Rev. Tuomas R. R.

Sressine, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Fellow of King’s College,

London, Hon. Memb. of New Zealand Inst., Hon. Fellow of

Worcester College, Oxford.

(Plates XVITI-XXVII of Vol. XVII. Plates XCVIIJ-CVII of

Crustacea. )

OF the thirty-six species noted in this contribution ten are regarded as

new to science, and for three of them new genera have been named,

Dairoides in the family Xanthidae of the Cyclometopa, Xeinostoma in

the family Cyclodorippidae of the Oxystomata, and Hapaloptyx in the

family Uroptychidae of the Galatheidea. Notice is taken of Dr. Ihle’s

identification of my genus Nasinata/is, 1910, with Corycodus, A. Milne-

Edwards, 1880, and the transfer of Corycodus disjunctipes from the

Raninidae to the Cyclodorippidae. The specific validity of Platymaia

turbynei 18 accepted, as proposed or suggested by Miss Rathbun.

Mr. Keppel Barnard has pointed out to me that the locality given in

Part IX, p. 26, of this series for Hyastenus wneifer, Calman, is

misleading, since ‘‘ Pietermaritzburg is at least 50 miles from the sea.”’

Whatever the explanation may be, my authority was correctly quoted.

Perhaps Pietermaritzburg was only added to indicate whereabouts in

Natal the ‘“ Umsunduzi River”? should be looked for, without any

intention to imply that the marine species had visited the inland town.

It may be worth mentioning that the paper has been unavoidably

curtailed and its publication considerably delayed, owing to those

gigantic troubles, still reluctantly subsiding, which have extended

their interference to efforts the most unambitious and peaceful.

BRACHYURA GENUINA.

Tring OXYRRHYNCHA.

Famity INACHIDAE.

Gen. PLATYMATA, Miers.

1886. Platymaia, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 12.

1918. 2 Rathbun, Fisheries, Australia, F.I.S. Endeavour,

Vol. opts Lape a.

(J)

1902

1918

Annals of the South African Museum.

PLATYMAIA TURBYNEI, Stebbing.

. Platymaia turbynei, Stebbing, 8. Afr. Crust., pt. 2, p. 3, pl. 5, in

Gilchrist’s Marine Investigations of

S. Africa.

; pe “8 Rathbun, Fisheries, Australia, °F.1.S.

Endeavour, vol. 5, pt. 1, p. 9.

Miss Rathbun decides that the specimens which Wood-Mason

and Alcock, Chun and Doflein identified with P. wyville-

thomsoni, Miers, should be distinguished from that species under

the new name of P. alcocki. Further it appears that in 1908

and 1910 I ought not to have accepted Doflein’s identification

of my species with that which has now been named P. alcocki,

for in regard to this Miss Rathbun writes, ‘The name P. turbynei,

Stebbing, cannot be applied to the above form [P. alcocki|

because it is differentiated by the characters set forth by

Stebbing, e.g. the propodus of the penultimate leg of turbyner

is about twice as long as the same article in the young male of

similar (larger) size of P. alcocki. Compare Stebbing’s pl. 5

with Doflein’s pl. 22, fig. 1.” In the text of my paper above

cited it is obvious that on page 5 in the top line “sixth jomt”’

should be read instead of “ fifth joint,” as shown by the figure

which Miss Rathbun quotes.

Famity BLASTIDAE.

(For systematic references see these Annals, vol. 6, pp. 283, 288,

1910

)

Gen. DOCLEA, Leach.

1815. Doclea, Leach, The Zoological Miscellany, vol. 2, p. 41.

1895. » Alcock, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 64, pt. 2, pp. 165, 225,

1918 » Rathbun, Fisheries, Austraha, F.I.S. Endeavour,

vol: pts L,p. 16:

Dociea murRiIcatus (Herbst).

1788. Cancer muricatus, Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, pt. 7, p. 211,

pl. 14, fig. 85.

1798: as - Fabricius, Ent. Syst., vol. 2, p. 459.

1798. Inachus muricatus and hybridus, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst.,

p. 355.

‘ South African Crustacea. 233

1834. Doclea hybrida and muricata, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust.,

vol. 1, pp. 294, 295.

1895. Doclea muricata and hybrida, Alcock, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,

vol. 64, pt. 2, pp. 230, 231.

Under the last reference Alcock supplies more of the biblio-

graphy and a comparison of the two species which suffices to

my mind to make the second name superfluous, though it is the

one which would apply to our specimen were such distinction

really needed.

From the little notch in the rostrum to the apex of the hind-

most spine the carapace measures 58 mm. Across the widest

part the breadth is 29mm. The elevations in the median line

longitudinally are blunt. In the right cheliped the chela is

scarcely longer than the finger of the second peraeopod, with the

breadth of the palm equal to the length of the thumb, both this

and the rather longer curved finger being considerably shorter

than the palm. The specimen is a male, with the left cheliped

missing.

Locality. Point Shepstone, W.N.W. 2 miles; depth

34 fathoms. A 1555.

Trine CYCLOMETOPA.

Famity XANTHIDAE.

Gen. DAIROIDES, nov.

Extensively tuberculate carapace rotundiform except at points of

greatest breadth. Pleon of male of seven segments, third segment

the broadest, seventh with narrowly rounded apex. Front of carapace

between the orbits about one-fourth of the greatest breadth. Mandi-

bular palp two-jointed. Third joint of third mavxillipeds strongly

tuberculate, distally widened, fourth joint narrow at base, distally as

wide as the third joint, its anterior margin produced into a strong

tooth outside the fifth joint. Chelipeds unequal, cristiform. Ambu-

latory limbs with fourth, fifth and sixth joints not expanded but

strongly and in part spinosely tuberculate, the seventh joint not

tuberculate but felted with minute spinules, and ending in a small

curved horn-like nail. The male organ of the second pleopod very

long and slender with acute apex.

234 Annals of the South African Museum.

DaIROIDES MARGARITATUS, 0. sp.

Plate XiCivaiie

The delicate specimen for which the new genus is instituted arrived

from the Cape in company with eight and a quarter of its limbs, but

all of them detached from the body, so that the respective lengths of

the ambulatory legs could not be assigned with certainty. The

somewhat depressed front of the carapace was also damaged, leaving

its proper character indefinite. The affinity of the species seems to be

with Daira and Actaea, for though the mouth-organs make a nearer

approach in shape to those figured by de Haan for his Cycloés, the

third maxillipeds are strictly confined to the mouth cavity, not, as in

that genus, produced to the frontal margin.

The carapace, about 31 mm. broad at the broadest part below the

middle, is about 22 mm. long. Dorsally it is covered by a mass of

shining tubercles, the crowding of which obscures their symmetrical

arrangement. On the ventral surface curved lines in front of the

mouth cavity and long lines of more or less bead-like prominences on

either side of that cavity and the pleon, together with the ornamenta-

tion of the pleon itself and of the third maxillipeds, produces a very

elegant appearance. Had the verrucose chelipeds and horny walking-

legs been in position, they would have diversified, perhaps without

enhancing, this artistic display. At the hinder end of the antero-

lateral margin a triplet of tubercles makes a decided projection ;

between this and the orbit at two points single tubercles feebly

project. The shell of the carapace in its intimate structure appears

to resemble that which Dana describes for Actaea cellulosa and figures

for Actaea areolata. There is an upper (calcareous?) tuberculate

layer with various small perforations and a lower smooth (chitinous ?)

layer with large cavities over which rest spinulose tubercles, the two

layers being connected by chitinous septa at intervals. The little

Chlorodius fragifer, Adams and White, has the eyes much more widely

apart and the teeth of the antero-lateral margins much nearer

together. The genus Actaeomorpha, Miers, 1878, among the Oxy-

stomata, offers perplexing resemblances to the present form, but the

third maxillipeds are distinctive.

Locality. Durnford Point, N.W. 2 W. 12 miles; depth 90 fathoms

(Zululand). A 1606.

GEN. CARPILIUS, Leach.

1825. Carpilius, Leach, in Desmarest, Consid. gén. Crust., p. 104,

footnote.

South African Crustacea. 235

1898. Carpilius, Alcock, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 67, pt. 2, pp. 72,

78 (with synonymy).

CaRPILIUS MACULATUS (Linn.).

1758. Cancer maculatus, Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 626 (reprint).

1834. Carpilius maculatus, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1,

p. 382.

5 , Alcock, J. Asiat. Soe. Bengal, vol. 67, p. 79

(with synonymy).

1898.

A small specimen, with carapace 20 mm. wide, was obtained

by Mr. K. H. Barnard at Mozambique. <A 2222.

Gen. CHLORODOPSIS, A. Milne-Edwards.

(See Ann. S. Afr. Mus., vol. 6, p. 300, 1910.)

CHLORODOPSIS AREOLATUS (Milne Edwards).

(See General Catalogue of 8.A. Crustacea, 1910, p. 300.)

Specimens obtained by Mr. Barnard at Delagoa Bay. A 2195.

Carapace of male 12°5 mm. wide, 8 mm. long; of female 11 x

6°5 min.

Gen. PILUMNUS, Leach.

(See Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. 6, p. 301, 1910.)

PILUMNUS GRANULATUS, Krauss.

(See General Catalogue of 8.A. Crustacea, 1910, pp. 301, 302, and

for the genus add M. J. Rathbun, U.S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 2,

p- 38, 1901, and U.S.F.C. for 1903, pt. 3, p. 362, 1906, and Tr. Linn.

Soc. London, series 2, vol. 14, p. 228, 1911.)

One of the specimens has the carapace 29 mm. broad by 20 mm.

long, the corresponding measurements of the other being 24 x

18mm. The proportions in this specimen agree with those given by

Krauss, 4 x 3 lines, equivalent to little more than 8 x 6 mm.—a

great disproportion in size. Miss Rathbun reports a specimen of

P. longicornis, Hilgendorf, 20 x 14 mm.

The present specimens were taken by Mr. Barnard at Durban.

A 2250.

236 Annals of the South African Museum.

Famity PORTUNIDAE.

Gen. ACHELOUS, de Haan.

1833. Achelous (subgen. of Portunus), de Haan, Crustacea Japonica,

decas 1, p. 8.

oe (subgen. of Neptunus), Alcock, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal;

vol. 68, pt. 2, pp. 9, 30.

1901. a (subgen. of Portunus), Rathbun, U.S. Fish. Comm.

Bull., 1900, vol. 2, p. 44.

: i. Rathbun, U.S. Fish Comm.

Bull., 1903, pt. 3, p. 371.

1910. . Stebbing, Ann. 8.A. Mus., vol. 6, pt. 4, p. 307.

In defining this genus or subgenus de Haan states that of the

nine teeth of the antero-lateral margin the hindmost tooth is

scarcely longer than the preceding teeth. In the species now to

be mentioned it has been observed that the tooth in question is

actually smaller than those which precede it.

ACHELOUS ORBICULARIS, Richters.

1880. Achelous orbicularis, Richters, in Mobius, Meeresf. Maurit.,

p- 153, pl. 16, figs. 14, 15.

m Henderson, Tr. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2,

vol. 5, pt. 10, p. 371.

1899. Neptunus (Achelous) orbicularis, Alcock, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,

vol. 68, pt. 2, p. 47.

1906. Portunus (Achelous) orbicularis, Rathbun, U.S. Fish. Comm.,

p. 871, pl. 12, fig. 4.

a Rathbun, Tr. Linn. Soe.

London, ser. 2, vol. 14,

pt. 2, p. 206.

1893. i

one 3

The specimen measures 24 mm. at the broadest part, between

the apices of the seventh antero-lateral denticles, with a median

length of 18 mm., the length being thus six-eighths of the breadth,

as compared with six-sevenths recorded by Alcock. The sub-

circular appearance, however, is increased by a slight protrusion

of the third maxillipeds in front, and of the pleon to the rear.

The telson of the female is triangular, ending bluntly, abruptly

narrower than the preceding segment. The first two segments

of the pleon are extremely short, not clearly separated. The

third segment is the widest of all, sharply ridged, not very long ;

the fourth is also short, exceeded in breadth by the fifth, which,

South African Crustacea. 237

like the sixth, has considerable length and breadth. The

widened fourth joint and the strongly ridged palm of the

chelipeds are noteworthy features in this attractive species.

Locality. Off Umkomaas River ; depth 15 fathoms. A 852.

GEN. CHARYBDIS, da Haan.

(See these Annals, vol. 6, p. 306, 1910.)

CHARYBDIS VARIEGATUS (Fabricius).

1798. Portunus variegatus, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 364.

1833-5. ,, (Charybdis) variegatus, de Haan, Crust. Japon., decas 1,

p. 10, decas 2) p. 425 ply I,

fig. 2.

1899. Charybdis (Goniosoma) variegata, Aleock, J. Asiat. Soe.

Bengal, vol. 68, pp. 50

(variegatum),60 (with

synonymy).

The small specimen which I refer to this species is a male with

the carapace 13 mm. long by 20 mm. in extreme width. The

pleon has its second and third segments transversely keeled, the

composite third leading by concave margins to the sixth, which

has convex margins and is broader than long. According to

Alcock the front is cut into six rather pointed teeth (not includ-

ing the inner supra-orbital angle), whereas de Haan calls the

front 8-dentate, with obtuse teeth; in our specimen the four

central teeth are not at all pomted. Further, as to the teeth of

the antero-lateral margins, while there is agreement as to the

size of the large hindmost tooth, Alcock speaks of the others

increasing in size from before backwards. It is proper, therefore,

to mention that in our specimen the first of the six lateral, though

much less sharp than those which follow, is as large as any of

the intermediate four, as appears to be the case in de Haan’s

figure.

Locality. Tugela River, N.W. by N. 22 miles; depth 47 fathoms.

A 581.

Gen. PARATHRANITES, Miers.

1886. Lupocyelus (Parathranites), Miers, Rep. Voy. Challenger,

Brachyura, vol. 17, p. 185.

1899. Parathranites, Alcock, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 68, pt. 2, pp.

7,10; 16:

238 Annals of the South African Museum.

1906. Parathranites, M. J. Rathbun, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm. for

1903, p. 867.

Alcock, defining this as an independent genus, considers it

“nearer to Bathynectes than to Lupocyclus.”

PARATHRANITES ORIENTALIS, Miers.

1886. Lupocyclus (Parathranites) orientalis, Miers, Rep. Voy. Chall.,

Brachyura, vol. 17,

p. 186, pl. 17, figs. 1,

1 a-c.

1899. Parathranites orientalis, Aleock, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 68,

pale

The larger specimen, a male, measures 12°5 mm. in length, with

a breadth of 19 mm. between the tips of the outstanding hind-

most teeth of the carapace; the smaller specimen of the same

sex is 9 mm. long by 14 mm. wide. This specimen in travelling

retained all its legs, while the other shed them all; in both the

two wide terminal joints of the fifth peraeopods are extremely

transparent.

Locality. Umhbloti River, N.W. 3 W.15 miles; depth 100 fathoms.

A 580.

Trine CATOMETOPA.

Famity GONEPLACIDA.

(See these Annals, vol. 6, pt. 4, p. 312, 1910.)

Gen. EUCRATE, de Haan.

1835. Eucrate, de Haan, Crust. Japon., decas secunda, p. 36.

1900. ee Aleock, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 69, pt. 2, pp. 292,

298.

1908. : McCulloch, Records Austral. Mus., vol. 7, p. 58.

EvUcCRATE AFFINIS, Haswell.

1881. Hucrate affinis, Haswell, Pr. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, vol. 6.

1882. rs e Haswell, Catal. Austral. Crust., p. 86.

1887. 2 de Man, J. Linn. Soe. London, vol. 22, No. 137,

p- 89, pl. 5, figs. 5-7.

1900. 3 crenata, var. affinis, Alcock, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,

vol. 69, p. 300.

South African Crustacea. 239

All these authors call attention to the beaded ridge on the cara-

pace which in this species runs more or less parallel to each

postero-lateral border. Dr. de Man suggests that it may be a

synonym of Pilumnoplax sulcatifrons, Stimpson, 1858, and

Alcock makes the same suggestion in regard to Pseuwdorhombila

sulcatifrons, var. australiensis, Miers, 1884 ‘'Targioni Tozzetti,

when re-discussing Stimpson’s species in 1877, says that Stimpson

assigns to the male a length of mill. 32°5, and a breadth of mill.

41, whereas Stimpson’s actual statement is ‘“ Carapacis long,

0°325; lat. 0-41 poll.” These measurements are not much in

excess of our specimen, which has length of carapace 6°5 mm.,

greatest breadth 8mm. All but one of the ambulatory limbs

were missing.

Locality. Point Shepstone, W.N.W. 24 miles; depth 24

fathoms. A 854.

1833.

1837.

1838.

1843.

1852.

1900.

1902.

1910.

1825.

1835.

Famiry OCYPODIDA.

(See Ann. S. Afr. Mus., vol. 6, p. 325, 1910.)

Gen. CLEISTOSTOMA, de Haan.

Cleistostoma (subgen. of Ocypode) (part), de Haan, Crust.

Japonica, decas prima, p. 2, decas secunda,

pp. 26, 55, 1835, Cleistotoma in index, decas as

pp. 233, 234, 1849. Cleistotoma on pl. 7, Cleis-

tostoma on pl. B.

Cleistotoma, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, p. 67.

i McLeay, Annulosa of S. Africa, p. 64.

+ Krauss, Stdatrik. Crust., p. 40.

Cleistostoma (part), Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. 13, p. 312.

Clistostoma Alcock, J. Asiat. Soc. Benyal, vol. 69, pp. 294, 372.

$ Aleock, Illustr. Crust. Investigator, pl. 64, fig. 1

Cleistostoma Stebbing, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. 6, p. 328.

- Rathbun, Kjébenhavn Vid. Selsk. Skr., ser. 7, vol. 5,

p. 325.

CLEISTOSTOMA LEACHII (Audouin).

Macrophthalmus leachii, Audouin, Explic. ae Crust.

Egypte (Savigny), pl. 2, fig. 1.

Ocypode (Cleistostoma) dilatata, de Haan, Crust. Jap., pp. 27,

205) Pind, Hee 3.

240

1837.

1838.

1843.

1910.

Annals of the South African Museum.

Cleistotoma leachii, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2,

p. 68.

i edwardsti, McLeay, Annulosa of 8. Africa, p. 64.

Rs s) Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., p- 40.

Cleistostoma edwardsii, Stebbing, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., vol. 6,

p- 328.

Krauss, in describing Macrophthalmus boscii, Audouin, refers

it to Savigny’s pl. 2, fig. 1, and states that the usual fulness of

detail supplied by Savigny is on this occasion wanting. Miers

in the Crustacea of the “ Alert” and in his “ Challenger” report

gives the same reference, while following A. Milne-Edwards in

assigning the species generically to Euplax (Chenostoma), but

the authors are evidently alluding to fig. 2 of Savigny’s plate.

His fig. 1 has the accustomed amplitude of finely drawn details,

which excellently correspond with those of a specimen from

South Africa.

Our specimen has a carapace about 8 mm. long by 10 mm.

broad, the rostrum deflexed, lightly bifid, the orbits oblique, the

lateral borders setose. The pleon of the female is as figured by

de Haan, the seventh segment broad, though not very long.

The characteristic mouth-organs are well shown on Savigny’s

plate, unless the length of the mandibular palp is exaggerated,

for in our example that feature is only normal. Both pairs of

maxillae have their laminae well developed and powerfully

setose. In the first maxillipeds the principal joint of the endo-

pod is elongate with parallel sides and rounded apex. The third

maxillipeds have the fourth joint as long as the broad third

joint, and even broader by the bulging of its convex outer

margin; the epipod is more elongate than that shown in

Savigny’s figure. The right cheliped of the female is missing,

the left is in accord with Savigny’s figure.

Locality. Swartkops River, Port Elizabeth. A 850.

Faminry PINNOTHERIDAE.

Gen. PINNOTHERES, Bosc., 1802.

(For the family and genus see these Annals, vol. 6, p. 330, 1910, and

add—

1910.

Pinnotheres, M. J. Rathbun, Kjébenhavn, Vid. Selsk. Skr.,

ser. 7, vol. 5, p. 330.)

South African Crustacea. 241

PINNOTHERES PIsuM (?) (Linn.).

1767. Cancer piswm, Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, p. 1039.

1802. Pinnotheres pisum, Bosc, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, p. 243.

1817. “3 Leach, Malac. Podophth. Brit., pl. 14,

figs, 15-2503:

1908. . * Lagerberg, Géteborgs K. Vet. Handl., ser.

4, vol. 11, p. 105, pl. 3, figs. 9-11.

1916. i Borradaile, Brit. Antarct. Exp., Zool.,

1901

vol. 3, p. 100, fig. 12.

A specimen, labelled “ from Avicula (pearl oyster),” taken in

Mossel Bay, shows a very close resemblance to the figures which

Leach gives of P. pisum. The Avicula purports to come from

a depth of 12 fathoms, but the crab had become dry before it

attracted attention. Accordingly it is no longer in a good state

for precise examination. It has the broad pleon of an adult

female, from which a multitude of ova have probably escaped.

A 2644.

PINNOTHERES OSTREARIUS, Rathbun.

Pinnotheres ostrearius, Rathbun, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm. for

1900, vol. 2, p. 20, figs. 3 a—b.

A specimen, female, with carapace 8 mm. long, and 10 mm.

broad, has the chela and third maxilliped so fully answering to

those figured by Miss Rathbun for her species above-named that

the identification seems reasonable. The specimen, partially dried,

was procured by Mr. Barnard from a Modiola shell, in Delagoa

Bay. A 3145.

A similar specimen, of the same sex, is recorded ‘as taken

from an ascidian. The carapace measures about 10 mm. in

length by 11 mm. in breadth. The small but elongate mandible

has a curved cutting edge fringed with a dozen small denticles

followed below by a powerful tooth; the terminal joint of the

palp is fringed with setae. The meral joint of the third

maxilliped is broader than that shown in Miss Rathbun’s text-

figure, and the terminal joint seems to be considerably more

than half the length of the preceding joint, but the setose

furniture makes a precise estimate difficult.

Locality. St. James’, Cape Peninsula.

24.2 Annals of the South African Museum.

TRIBE OXYSTOMATA.

Famity CYCLODORIPPIDAE.

1892. Cyclodorippidae, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrbiich., vol. 6, pp. 552,

558.

a A. M.-E. et Bouvier, Décap. Travailleur et

Talisman, p. 34.

1901. Dorippidae, Rathbun, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm. for 1900, Vol. 2;

pp. 5, 89.

1908. A Lankester, Q.J.M.S., vol. 47, p. 456.

1905. = Alcock, Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 15, p. 565 (with

synonymy).

1914. Cyclodorippidae, Parisi, Atti. Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., vol. 53,

p. 297 (20).

1916. ¥ thle, Zool. Anzeiger, vol. 46, p. 359.

1916. * Thle, Siboga-Exp., Mon. 39b!, p. 98 (Cyclo-

dorippinae, pp. 152, 154).

Gun. CORYCODUS, A. Milne-Edwards.

1880. Corycodus, A. M.-Edw., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 8.

1902. . A. M.-Edw. et Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl.,

vol. 27, p. 86.

1910. Nasinatalis, Stebbing, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. 6, p. 340.

1916. Corycodus, Ihle, Zool. Anzeiger, vol. 46, p. 361.

1916. oA Thle, Siboga-Exp., Mon. 390!, p. 124.

Corycopus DissuNcTIPES (Stebbing).

1910. Nasinatalis disjunctipes, Stebbing, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. 6,

p. 343, pl. 42.

1916. Corycodus bouvieri, Ihle, Zool. Anzeiger, vol. 46, p. 362.

1916. o disjunctipes, Ihle, Siboga-Exp., Mon. 39b', p. 124,

fig. 68 in text.

This species, as shown by Ihle, should be transferred from

the Raninidae to the Dorippidae or Cyclodorippidae, if the latter

be accepted as an independent family. Ihle includes in it the

genera Cymopolus, Cymonomus, Corycodus, Clythocerus, Cyclo-

dorippe and Tymolus.

South African Crustacea. 243

Gen. XEINOSTOMA, nov.

Carapace orbicular, rostral process broad, arched, produced beyond

the orbits. Pleon in both sexes consisting of six segments, of which

the first and sixth are much the narrowest. Eye-stalks of moderate

length, shghtly bent. Palp of mandibles three-jointed. First

maxillz having a long spine-like termination to the palp. Second

maxille feebly developed except as to the vibratory lamina. First

maxillipeds with first joint small, second narrow at apex, rest of endopod

broadly produced beyond the exopod to a squared apex ; exopod with

a small one-jointed flagellum. Second maxillipeds having the terminal

joint of the endopod attached in cheliform fashion on the inner side of

the penultimate, the long narrow exopod ending in a small one-jointed

flagellum. Third maxillipeds reaching beyond the broad front of the

buccal frame, the exopod not concealed, a very elongate oval, with no

flagellum, the fourth joint of the endopod considerably shorter than

the third but fully as broad, approaching a semicircle in shape, with

the fifth joint attached below the apex of the inner margin. The

chelipeds denticulate, stouter than the setose second and third per-

aeopods. The fourth and fifth peraeopods very slender, subdorsal.

The generic name is compounded of the Ionic form efvoe strange, and

otona, mouth.

There appear to be many points of resemblance between this genus

and Cyclodorippe, A. Milne-Edwards, and Clythrocerus of the same

author. The figures of Ortmann’s Cyclodorippe uncifer by Ortmann

and Ihle illustrate this, while the differences in the pleon are very

marked, as seen in Parisi’s illustration ef the same species.

XEINOSTOMA EUCHEIR, 0. sp.

PlateexNCiaxe

The finely denticulate rostrum is concave above, the surface of the

carapace traversed by ill-defined transverse and longitudinal depres-

sions, the antero-latero-lateral margins denticulate, a conspicuous

tooth at the external corner of the orbit and a similar one near the

beginning of the curved setulose postero-lateral border; the hind

margin shallowly excavate. The sternal plastron is acutely produced

between the bases of the third maxillipeds in front and deeply excavate

behind for the terminal segment of the pleon. In the male the

second segment of the pleon is the widest though proximally very

narrow ; in the female the third segment is the widest but subequal

to the fourth.

244 Annals of the South African Museum.

The eyes as preserved are a light orange in colour; the stalk carries

several setules. The first antennae have the three joints of the

peduncle nearly equal in length, but the first much the stoutest ; the

flagella are very short. In the second antennae the slender six-jointed

flagellum is slightly longer than the peduncle.

Themandiblesare rather short but strong, with the palp membraneous.

The first and second maxillae are rather feeble. In the first maxillipeds

the epipod is very broad at the base. The second maxillipeds appear

remarkable by exhibiting a character familiar in the first maxillipeds

of some other genera, such as Pinnotheres, Latreille, and Pinniza,

White, namely the chela-like arrangement of the ultimate and penul-

timate joints of the endopod. The rounded ends, however, of both

joints make any chelate function in the present case rather difficult to

explain. The place of insertion of the seventh joint is similar in

Hezapus but without cheliform prolongation of the sixth joint. The

epipod of these maxillipeds is narrow; in both sexes it shows at the

base two small elevations of the outer margin. The third maxillipeds

have been already described as part of the generic character.

The chelipeds are massive compared with the other limbs, and

show various rows of granules and setules on the fourth to the seventh

joints. The curved fingers close accurately together, the movable

finger equalling the palm in length. The second peraeopods are

shorter than the third, but similar in structure, both pairs having the

last two joints strongly setose; the finger in the third pair is very

elongate. The fourth and fifth peraeopods are very much smaller,

with the last two joints a little curved as if for grasping. These limbs

were present only in one of the specimens, and only on the left side of

that, as shown in the figure. I have been unwilling to remove them

for more accurate delineation, and no representatives were present

among the detached limbs of other specimens.

The male stilet is elongate, its needle-like apex reaching nearly the

end of the pleon. The four pairs of pleopods of the female show long

plumose setae on one branch and simple setae on the other.

The carapace of the male specimen figured has a length of 9 mm.,

with a rather smaller breadth.

Locality. Cape Vidal, N.N.E. ¢ N. 95 miles; Zululand; depth 80

fathoms. A 1608.

The specific name is from the Greek «dyes fair-handed.

Gen. CYMONOMUS, A. Milne-Edwards.

1880. Cymonomus, A. M.-Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8,

p. 26.

South African Crustacea. 245.

1900. Cymonomus, A. M.-E. et Bouvier, Crust. Décap. Travilleur

et Talisman, p. 34.

1902. iy A. M.-E. et Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol.

Zils DOks

1903. re Lankester, Q.J.M.S., vol. 47, p. 450.

1904. * Doflein, Valdivia Exp., Brachyura, pp. 33, 152, 190,

282.

1905. a Alcock, Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 15, p. 565.

1908. ¥ H. J. Hansen, Ingolf-Exp., Crust. Malac., vol. 3,

pt. 2, p. 20.

1916. af Thle, Zool. Anzeiger, vol. 46, p. 360, and Siboga-

Exp. Mon. 396" p. His:

CYMONOMUS TRIFURCUS, N. sp.

Plate C.

The present species seems to be nearly allied to the Hast African

form which Doflein figures and briefly describes under the name

“ Oymonomus granulatus Valdiviae, Lank.” (loc. cit., pp. 33, 284, pls. 11,

fig. 5; 12, figs. 1-8; 38, fig. 8; 44, fig. 7). But the illustration, most

suggestive of a real alliance, by a three-pronged rostral plate, is itself

distinctive, the true rostrum being in Doflein’s form not granular,

shorter than the eye-stalks, and more nearly parallel with them. Also

his drawing of the third maxilliped shows the fourth joint more

strongly produced beyond the insertion of the fifth jomt and the

principal joint of the exopod extending beyond the endopod.

In the present species there is no suture or line of demarcation

dorsally separating the trifurcate rostral plate from the rest of the

carapace. The widely-divergent lateral prongs, however, in ventral

view, show a little rounded knob apically, white and smooth as pre-

served, presumably the vestigial eye. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier

state that in this genus the segments of the pleon are all distinct in

both sexes, but their figures show only six segments. Alcock also

speaks of the segments being all distinct. In the form here considered

T could only find a pleon with six segments, the second and third being,

perhaps, consolidated. The French authors say that the males have

two pairs of pleopods modified as sexual organs, nearly resembling

those of the Dromiidea, except that the terminal article of the second

pair is not stiliform. Our South African form, on the contrary, has

in this pair a sharp stiletto-like apex, but im situ both pairs have their

terminals strongly folded inwards instead of being stretched back-

wards as necessitated in the figures to show the details of their

(24.6 Annals of the South African Musewm.

‘structure. In the second pair the terminal part is shaped rather lke

a stocking with a very slender foot and a binding at the knee (really

consisting of muscles).

In the first antennae the second and third joints of the peduncle

are subequal, each a little shorter than the first and longer than the

principal ten-jointed flagellum.

The mandibles are strong, rather short, with the palp apparently

slight, three-jointed. The first and second maxillae and the first

maxillipeds are in close agreement with those figured by Milne-

Edwards and Bouvier for C. granulatus (Norman). In their figure of

the second maxillipeds they represent the flagellum of the exopod as

preceded by a short joimt, starting from a point where in our species

there is a marginal tooth, but no articulate division of the elongate

main joint of the exopod.

In the chelipeds the short, strongly-curved wrist shows some sharp

teeth on the inner side. In the second peraeopod the fourth joint is

decidedly longer than the finger. In the third peraeopod it is equal in

leneth to the finger. The French authors say in regard to these limbs

that the fourth joint is longer than the sixth and a little shorter than

the fingers. In the fourth and fifth peraeopods they write that the

fingers are “tres arqués”’; but their figure does not give the effect of a

sharply-bent hook as found in the present species.

The carapace measures about 7 mm. in length by 6 mm. in

breadth.

Locality. Buffalo River N.W. 4 W. 19 miles (East London) ;

depth 300 fathoms. A 884.

Two female specimens, with no limbs, but each contaiming nine or

ten large eges, agree closely in appearance with the male, one having

just the same dimensions of the carapace; in the pleon, however, the

outer margins of the first and second segments show almost a con-

tinuous curve, instead of a re-entering angle, and the second is the

longest of all the segments.

Locality. Cape St. Blaize, N. by E. 73 miles; depth 125 fathoms.

A 1612.

Famity LEUCOSIIDAE.

(See these Annals, vol. 6, pt. 4, p. 335, 1910.)

Gen. NURSIA, Leach.

1817. Nursia, Leach, Zool. Misc., vol. 3, p. 18.

1855. ,, ~~ Bell. Tr. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 21, p. 307.

1896. ,, Alcock, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 65, pt. 2, pp. 166,

LOSS:

South African Crustacea. 247

Alcock notes that in this genus the fourth joint of the third

maxillipeds is not much more than half the length of the third

joint measured along the inner border, while in Ebalia it is a

ereat deal more than half that length. Leach notes that in

Ebalia it is the last pleon segment that carries a dentiform

process, but in Nursia the penultimate segment. These con-

siderations point to the inclusion of the species here described

in the genus Nursia.

NURSIA SCANDENS, 0. sp.

Plate CVIaz.

In general appearance it will be seen that this species is not unlike

that described and figured as Ebalia jordani, n. sp., by Miss Rathbun

in 1906 (U.S. Fish. Comm., p. 889, pl. 15, fig. 3, text-figs. 43, a, b),

where the pleon is of the Nwrsia type, but the maxilliped is un-

described. In our species the fourth joint of the mavxilliped is less

than half the length of the third joint, the chelipeds are more slender,

_ with the fingers more slender, as they should be for the Nursia form,

and for the ambulatory limb in the single one that was present the

finger is relatively much longer than in Hbalia jordani. The latter

appears to be a much larger form—length of male type 11:4 mm.,

width 11:2 mm.; whereas our specimen, evidently by its pleopod an

adult male, is in middle line of the carapace only 4°5 mm. long, with

a width of 5 mm.; between the front and hind processes the length

about equals the width. HH. salamensis, Doflein, 1904, seems to be

distinguished by its pleon.

Locality. Cove Rock, N.W.# W. 15 miles ; depth 80-180 fathoms.

Specimen apparently climbing in a small thicket of Cerataisis ramosus,

Hickson. <A 4049.

Gen. LITHADIA, Bell.

1855. Lithadia, Bell, Tr. Linn. Soe. London, vol. 21, p. 505.

1860. " Stimpson, Ann. Lyceum. Nat. Hist. Mus. York, vol. 7,

p. 238.

1870. % Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool, vol. 2, pt. 2, p. 159.

SZ. = Stimpson, Ann. Lyceum. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10,

pails.

1872. Ebalia (Lithadia), von Martens, Arch. Naturg., vol. 38, pp. 114,

115.

1886. Lithadia, Miers, Rep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 17, pt. 49, p. 318.

1901. . M. J. Rathbun, U.S. Fish. Comm. for 1900, vol. 2, p. 88.

248 Annals of the South African Museum.

LITHADIA BARNARDI, 0. sp,

Plate CI.

The rather narrow front is scarcely emarginate. It projects a little

beyond the small eves, but being slightly upturned may, according to

the point of view, appear to be on a level with them. The specimen

figured must be considered abnormal, the antero-lateral wing on the

right of the carapace having no counterpart on the left. After the

drawing of the plate, two specimens, a male and a female, were

examined and showed no trace of such an unusual outgrowth. The

whole surface of the carapace is covered with tubercles, diversified

by prominent lamellae, six of which in the male are arranged in a

forward curve across the middle. In the female the number is

reduced to four by coalescence in the two outer pairs. Behind this

row in the centre line two other lamellae are placed—a large one near

the hind border and a smaller intermediate. The vleon of the female

specimen figured firmly enclosed a great number of eggs. The first

six segments form a very broad oval, smoothlv trilobed, the third to

the sixth coalesced, but with suture-markings, the telson triangular,

very small. In the male the pleon from the third segment to the apex

is narrowly triangular.

The mandibles have a small three-jointed palp. The inner plate

of the first maxillae is small and curved, palp-like, but in the wrong

position; the palp was not satisfactorily made out. In the third

maxillipeds the fourth joint is much more than half the length of the

third and extends considerably beyond the long joint of the exopod.

The opaque parts of these maxillipeds are tuberculate on the outer

lower surface and the exopod is longitudinally grooved on its inner

upper surface.

The fingers of the first peraeopods (chelipeds) close completely with

the apices crossing; the palms are longer than the fingers and stout,

but longer than broad; they are shghtly tuberculate, but the three

preceding joints, especially the long fourth joint, strongly so. The

second to the fifth pairs of peraeopods are small, with the fourth,

fifth and sixth joints tuberculate, the fingers setulose.

The carapace of the specimen figured measured approximately

9 mm. long, 95 mm. broad; the female from the second locality

9mm. long, 11 mm. broad, and the accompanying male 8 mm. long,

9mm. broad.

Localities. Umhloti River, N.W. by W. 22 miles ; depth 25 fathoms,

A 504. 32° 53’ S., 28° 12’ E.; depth 45 fathoms. A 508.

South African Crustacea. 249

The specimens were obtained by Mr. Keppel Barnard, after whom

I do myself the pleasure of naming the species.

Gen. LEUCOSIA, Fabricius.

1798. Leucosia, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 349.

1896. me Alcock, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 65, p. 209.

1906. is Nobili, Bull. Sci. France-Belgique, vol. 40, p. 97.

1907. Leucosides, Rathbun, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 35, p. 68.

The retention of Lewcosia, Fabricius, and the propriety of

ignoring Leucosia, Weber, with some similar questions of nomen-

clature depend on the argument which I have used in Journ.

Linn. Soe. Zool., vol. 29, p. 333, 1905.

Levucosta wHitetr, Bell.

1855. Leucosia whitei, Bell, Tr. Linn. Soc. London, vol, 21, p. 289,

pla oll fgs2:

1896. re » Alcock, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 65, pp. 214,

225 (with synonymy).

1910. Leucosides whitei, Rathbun, Mém. Ac. Sci. Denmark, ser. 7,

vol. 5, p. 310.

The South African specimen which I refer to this small

species is a female, devoid of all the ambulatory limbs, with a

carapace 10 mm. long by 9 mm. broad. It is fairly in agreement

with Bell’s figures and description, the palm of the chelipeds being

“tumid, scarcely longer than broad,” and in particular the broadly

oval pleon of the female has colour markings “ interrupted in the

middle” which indicate boundaries of coalesced segments.

These markings, however, indicate a coalescence of four

segments, rather than only three, of which Bell and Alcock

speak.

Locality. Umbloti River, N. N.W.-14 miles ; depth 27 fathoms.

BO Oae1.

Famiry RANINIDAE.

(See Ann. 8. A. Mus,., vol. 6, pt. 4, p. 339, 1910.)

Gen. RANINOIDES, Milne Edwards.

1837. Raninoides, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, pp. 191,

196.

1893

1896

Annals of the South African Museum.

. Raninoides, Henderson, Rep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 27, pt. 69,

pp. 26, 27.

sp Alcock, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 65, pt. 2, pp.

290, 292.

RANINOIDES SERRATIFRONS, Henderson.

. Raninoides serratifrons, Henderson, Tr. Linn, Soc. London,

ser. 2, vol. 5, pt. 10, p. 408, pl. 38,

figs. 10-12.

_ - Aleock, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 65,

pt. 2, p. 293.

The carapace from the apex of.the serrate rostrum is 18°5 mm.

long in the median line, with a breadth of about 10mm. The

sternum between the first three pairs of legs is nowhere linear,

increasing in width behind the bases of the chelipeds and

then narrowing to a pair of nodules between the basis of the

second peraeopods, whence it again widens almost to the interval

between the third pair. On the thumb of the chelipeds in our

specimen the inner margin has only four denticles, whereas in

Henderson’s smaller example there were five. The last pair of

limbs are small, but not filiform, the terminal joint oval, its

distal extremity the broader.

Locality. Point Shepstone, W.N.W. 2 miles; depth 54 fathoms.

A 1436.

Gen. COSMONOTUS, Adams and White.

1847. Cosmonotus, Adams and White, Pr. Zool. Soe. London, p. 227.

1848 5 Adams aud White, Crust. Voy. Samarang, p. 60.

1852 4.2 Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. 13, p. 404.

1888 . Henderson, Rep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 2, pl. Os

p. 32.

Cosmonorus GRrayu, Adams and White.

1847. Cosmonotus grayii, Adams and White, Pr. Zool. Soc., p. 227,

2 figures.

1848. 4 , Crust. Voy. Samarang, p. 60, pl. 13, figs. 3,

3a, 3b.

1858. * », Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Philad., p. 79 (241).

1888. x .. Henderson, Rep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 27,

p. 03.

1904. _ grayi, Doflem, Valdivia-Exp., Brachyura, p. ole

pl. 18, figs. 5-8.

South African Crustacea. 251

Adams and White for their Borneo specimen give the measure-

ments: ‘Carapace about an inch in length, and half an inch

wide.” Our specimen is much smaller, the carapace being only

7mm. long andabout 6mm. between the apices of the antero-lateral

pair of denticles. The length indeed is rather less than 7 mm. in the

central line in consequence of the deep frontal notch. From the

advanced points of this notch the very oblique margin on

either side is finely denticulate, ending in a cavity bounded by

the comparatively large antero-lateral denticle. As in Lyreidus,

the third and fourth joints of the third maxillipeds are long and

narrow, but here the fourth joint is not longer than the third.

The three terminal joints are very small.

Locality. Umvoti River, N. by W.1W. 5 miles; depth

56 fathoms, Natal. A 1356.

BRACHYURA ANOMALA.

(See these Annals, vol. 6, pt. 4, p. 34], 1910.)

Famity DROMIIDAE.

(See the reference above given, p. 342, and add—

19138. Dromiidae, Ihle, Siboga Exp., Dromiacea, vol. 396, p. 3.)

Gen. CRYPTODROMIA, Stimpson.

1858. Cryptodromia, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. 10, p. 225.

1887. re de Man, Arch. Naturg., vol. 55, p, 398.

1901. pe Alcock, Catal. Indian Brachyura, fase. 1, p. 48.

19038. - Borradaile, Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 11, p. 299.

1907. ue Nobili, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 9, Zool., vol. 4, p. 145.

1907. a Stimpson, Smithson Mise. Coll., vol. 49, p. 172.

1911. - Rathbun, Tr. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 14, p. 194.

1913. is Thle, Siboga-Exp., Dromiacea, vol, 59 6, p. 32.

CRYPTODROMIA MICRONYX, 0. Sp.

Plate CII.

The present species by its globosity is suggestive of Alcock’s

Sphaerodromia, by the broad fourth jomt in the first four peraeopods

it points to Stimpson’s Pefalomera, but by its characters generally I

incline to leave it in Cryptodromia.

252 Annals of the South African Museum.

The rostrum is pretty evenly tripartite but the central tooth is

much depressed. A small tooth supervenes between the emerging

second antenna and the small eye-stalk. The antero-lateral margins

have no teeth, but undulations which indicate positions that four

teeth might occupy. The carapace has a smooth shining appearance,

with the H marking far to the rear in the male specimen figured, the

dimensions being 13 mm. in breadth by 11:5 mm. in length. A

female without eggs has the carapace 14 mm. broad and 12 mm. long;

another, carrying numerous rather large eggs (2 mm. in longer

diameter), measured 16 mm. in breadth, with a length of 13°5 mm.

The pleon in the female is broader than in the male but not very

dissimiliar.

The cornea of the eyes is pale. The first antennae have a peduncle

of three wide jomts of irregular shapes, a very slender ten-jointed

flagellum accompanied by a stouter one carrying a broad mass of long

setae. Inthe second antennae the second joint is the largest, widening

distally like the third joint of the first pair, the following joints quite

short, and the slender flagellum longer than the peduncle.

The mandible appears to have a three-jointed palp, but probably

the small first jomt is consolidated with the second, with a more

abrupt bend than that shown by Ihle for Cryptodromia tumida,

Stimpson. In other respects the mouth-organs of that species as

shown by Ihle are in near agreement with what I find in the new

species. Only the uppermost lobe in the second maxilla is here

narrower than there, and the third joint of the third maxilliped is

here longer than the fourth. Seen from the inner side this fourth

joint shows a two-fold excavation between the inner and distal

margins.

The chelipeds have three nodules on the fifth joint padded with

short felt, of which there is a sheet on one side of the palm. The

short stout fingers have white tips following a pink tinge (as preserved) ;

seen from one side they have interlocking denticles, but end-on each

shows a tridentate apex, that of the fixed finger (or thumb) being the

broader; the fourth joint is very broad, with one edge straight, the

opposite very convex.

The second and third peraeopods are alike, with many patches of

felt, of rugged build, the fourth joint broad, the fifth triangular, the

sixth not longer, rectangular, distally clasping the narrow seventh

joint, which ends in a short curved horny nail. The fourth peraeopod,

not half as long as the second or third, is barely as long as the fifth

but much broader, especially as regards the fifth and sixth joints; the

sixth joint is scarcely longer than broad, and ends in a minute nail.

South African Crustacea. 253

The fifth pair have the fourth joint rectangular like that of the

preceding pair, but narrower, and followed by a much narrower fifth

joint of equal length; the sixth joint is shorter, and perhaps carries a

minute nail. Inall three specimens the seventh joint appears to have

no representative in the fourth and fifth peraeopods other than a

microscopic nail. To the smallness of the nail in the second and

third pairs reference is made in the specific name. This will be still

more applicable to the case of the fourth and fifth pairs if appearances

can be trusted; nor is it likely that all three otherwise well-preserved

specimens would have suffered precisely the same injuries.

The characters of the large first and small second pleopods of the

male are sufficiently shown by the figures.

Locality. Cove Rock, N.E. by E. } E. 42 miles; depth 22 fathoms.

A779.

Gen. CONCHOECETES, Stimpson.

CoNCHOECETES ARTIFICIOSUS (Fabricius).

(See these Annals, vol. 6, pt. 4, p. 346, 1910, and for fuller synonymy

of genus and species see Marine Investigations in South Africa, no. IT,

Ploy LIOn)

An ovigerous female specimen, 17 mm. broad and slightly over 16 mm.

long, was obtained by Dr. Gilchrist at the locality “Cape Point

N. 81° E., 32 miles; depth 460 fathoms.” A rather smaller specimen

was devoid of its pleon.

Gen. EUDROMIA, Henderson.

1888. Hudromia, Henderson, Rep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 27, pt. 69

PPalen lo.

1903. is Borradaile, Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 11, p. 302.

The leading character for the distinction of this genus from

its neighbours is, as Borradaile expresses it, the ‘front deeply

cleft into two prominent rounded lobes.” To this may be added

the very small pleopods on the sixth pleon segment of the female,

and the sternal grooves of that sex ending together. Some

of the characters based on the typical species, EH. frontalis,

Henderson, such as “legs not knobbed or ridged,’ and “ the

length exceeding the breadth” of the carapace, would exclude

the species now to be described.

254 Annals of the South African Museum.

EUDROMIA BITUBERCULATUS, 0. sp.

Plate CIII.

Behind the two very prominent, broadly rounded, and widely

separated lobes of the front the carapace has a pair of large, nearly

erect tubercles—a conspicuous feature to which the specific name

refers. To the rear of the frontal lobes the margins of the carapace

diverge strongly, overlapping the orbits and running out into a

conspicuously extended tooth on either side by which the width of

the carapace is made to exceed its length, even including the frontal

lobes. Further back are two pairs of small teeth, and then the

postero-lateral margins bend back beyond the broad and straight

hind margin. The pleon of the female is trilobed, closely fringed

with setae, and on most of the segments having the hind margin

furnished with a central and two lateral pads of setules.

The eyes have a short tumid stalk and a small, pale cornea, almost

or quite concealed by the carapace above. In the antennae the first

joint of the first pair is the largest and the second joint of the second

pair. The palp of the mandible appears to be very small. The palp

of the first maxilla is very elongate. In the second maxillae the lowest

lobe is large, all the others very slender. The fourth joint of the

second maxilliped is broad proximally, narrowing distally. In the

third pair the fourth joint is longer than the third—the reverse of

the relation which Henderson found in EH. frontalis. In the present

species the second joint seen from the outer (lower) side seems to be

in coalescence with the third, but is quite distinct on the inner (upper)

side. On the whole the antennae and mouth-organs show strong

agreement with those of Cryptodromia.

The chelipeds have broad tips to the fingers and interlacing denticles

on the confronting margins, the wrist nodulous, and the preceding

joint denticulately cristate. The second and third peraeopods are

alike and nodulous. The fourth pair are much smaller, with the hand

well defined though very slight, and carrying a well-formed nail. The

same is the case with diminished hand in the fifth pair.

The pleopod on the sixth segment of the pleon is very small, in

striking contrast to those on preceding segments.

The carapace measured 13 mm. from the advanced median point in

the central line, or 15 mm. from front to back laterally, the greatest

breadth being 16°5 mm.

Locality. Rooiels River, 8.W. by 8S. $8. 2 miles; depth 18 fathoms

(False Bay). A 858.

South African Crustacea. 255

Famiry HOMOLIDAE.

(See South African Crustacea, pt. 2, p. 20, 1902 [in Gilchrist’s

Marine Investigations in South Africa |.)

Gen. LATREILLOPSIS, Henderson.

1888. Latreillopsis, Henderson, Rep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 27, pt. 69,

Dele

1912. + Ihle, Tijdschr. Ned. Dierk. Vereen., ser. 2, vol. 12,

p. ait:

1913. ie Thle, Siboga-Exp., Mon. 398, p. 77.

Carapace rectangular, with a median spiniform rostrum and a

supra-orbital spine on each side. Ocular peduncles with the

basal segment narrow, cylindrical, elongate. First and second

antennae and third maxillipeds similar to those in Homola.

Chelipeds of fémale slender, shorter than second, third, or

fourth peraeopods. Fifth peraeopods subchelate. Pleon of

female seven-jointed, broad, but with narrow triangular telson.

LATREILLOPSIS ALCOCKI, 0. sp.

Plate CIV.

From the type-species, the little Latreillopsis bispinosa, Henderson,

the present form is distinguished at first sight by its far greater size,

and, apart from that sometimes untrustworthy distinction, by various

details of structure in regard to the second antennae and the limbs.

The acute rostral spine is here inconspicuous in dorsal view by reason

of its depression, although the pair of larger flanking spines ascending

obliquely to the rear do not interfere with it, as they are wide apart.

Each of the three is attended by a subsidiary tooth at some distance

from its base. The gastric region is armed to the rear by a strong

upright tooth, preceded by a row of four smaller teeth in a curved line

between it and the teeth behind the eyes. Various small teeth or

spines stud the carapace and numerous strong teeth project from the

descending sides. The length of the carapace is 45 mm. The

distance between the apices of the spines against which the eyes

rest is 18 mm.; behind the neck the breadth widens to 32 mm.

between the tips of the lateral spines, the greatest breadth, 44 mm.,

being reached at a distance of 28 mm. from the apex of the rostrum.

A small central spine is observable on each of the first four segments

of the pleon, and a very small one on the distal end of the sixth.

256 Annals of the South African Museum.

The eye has the effect of hanging on the distally narrowed first

segment of the peduncle. In the second antennae the penultimate

joint of the peduncle is about five times as long as the ultimate as

compared with about three times in the type-species. The flagella

were imperfect.

The epistome is divided transversely by a curved ridge which

bounds a cavity expressly excavated, it would seem, to receive the

extension of the third maxillipeds, since all the other mouth-organs

were confined within the buccal frame. 'This narrows slightly to the

rear. he mouth-organs agree very nearly with those figured by

de Haan for the genus Homola, except that he does not show the

curious triangular expansion of the exopod exhibited by this species in

the first maxilliped. The mandibular palp is three-jointed. The

palp of the first maxilla also appeared to be three-jointed, with the

third joint wider than the second, but it is rather difficult to make

sure of the true articulation in this membraneous appendage. In the

second maxilliped the sixth joint is larger than the fifth or the seventh.

In the third maxilliped the seventh joint is longer than the sixth,

which in turn is longer than the fifth; the third and fourth joints are

subequal in length and breadth, both strongly setose on the inner

margin and denticulate on both margins; the long joint of the exopod

does not nearly reach the produced inner angle of the fourth joint of

the endopod.

The rather slender chelipeds have the fingers fitting closely

together, two-thirds the length of the palm, equal to the fifth joint,

the whole hand rather longer than the fourth joint, which is not very

strongly spinose. The second and third peraeopods are much longer

and stronger, with prominent spines on the fourth joint, the finger as

long as the fifth joint, about half as long as the sixth, its inner

margin furnished with about a dozen graduated spines, increasing

in length towards the horny nail; the fourth pair are similar

in pattern but rather longer and stronger. In the type-species the

sixth joint of these limbs is said to be three times instead of twice the

length of the fifth.

The fifth peraeopods are much slighter than the three preceding

pairs, but somewhat longer than the chelipeds, this superiority

depending on the considerably greater length of the fourth and fifth

joints, the latter two-thirds as long as the former and rather more

than twice the length of the curved subchelate hand. The base of the

hand is widened and furnished with strong spines, among which the

curved spinulose finger can impinge its apex. It is rather interesting

to note that this apparatus, prevalent in the Homolidae, together

South African Crustacea. 257

with the subdorsal position of the fifth peraeopods, is found again in

the genus Grypachaeus, which Alcock instituted in 1895 for a member

of the Oxyrrhyncha, placing it in his subfamily Inachinae, a division

of the Mamaiidae. .

The specific name is chosen out of respect to my friend, Colonel

Alcock, F.R.S., whose writings on the Malacostraca can scarcely be

too highly valued.

Locality. Algoa Bay; depth 40 fathoms. A 1450.

MACRURA ANOMALA.

Trine PAGURIDEA.

Famity PAGURIDAE.

Gren. PAGURISTES, Dana, 1852.

(See S. African Crustacea in these Annals, vol. 6, pt. 4, p. 351, 1910.

In this genus the eye-stalks are long and slender, the third

maxillipeds are juxtaposed at base, the fourth peraeopods are not

chelate; in both sexes the telson is lop-sided to the left; in the

female from the left side of the fourth segment a foliaceous lobe

forms a brood-pouch | see Alcock, pp. 24, 31, 1905].)

PacuRisTEs GAMIANUs, Milne Edwards, 1836.

1836. Pagurus gamianus, M. Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 2, vol. 6,

p. 283.

1837. Be m M. Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, p. 235.

1905. Paguristes gamianus, Alcock, Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 2, fase. 1,

allo d.

The small female specimen which I diffidently assign to this

species has a carapace ouly 8 mm. long, the chelipeds subequal,

setose, the second and third peraeopods also having long setae

on the upper and lower borders. The eye-stalks are subequal in

length to the peduncles of the second antennae and are shorter

than the width of the front of the carapace.

Locality. Umblangakula River, N.W. by N. 7 miles; depth

50 fathoms. A 851.

PAGURISTES, sp.

A specimen partly dried, with chelipeds and ambulatory limbs

detached, seems near to P. ciliatus, Heller, as doubtfully re-described

258 Annals of the South African Museum.

by Alcock in 1905 (loc. cit., p. 34). The carapace is 10 mm. long, the

ophthalmic scales well apart, the flagellum of the second antennae

18 mm. long, the acicle curved; chelipeds very unequal, the

larger with rows of sharp tubercles on wrist, palm, and fingers ; the

fourth joint fringed with teeth on inner margin in both members ;

of the ambulatory limbs one pair has the fifth and sixth joints con-

spicuously denticulate on the convex margin in one member but only

inconspicuously in the other.

Locality. Great Fish Point, N. by W. 7 miles; depth 49 fathoms.

A 3268.

Gen. CALCINUS, Dana, 1852.

CALCINUS LAEVIMANUS (Randall), 1839.

(For the genus and species see these Annals, vol. 6, p. 353, 1910.)

The smoothness of the chelipeds and short ambulatory limbs make

Randall’s specific name very appropriate. Under the name Calcinus

herbstii, de Man, the species is well described and figured by Alcock in

1905. Several specimens were collected at Mozambique in November,

1912, by Mr. K. H. Barnard, A 3270, and in October, 1912, at Delagoa

Bay, one specimen showing the characteristic colouring of the large

left cheliped fairly retained ; another, with left cheliped missing and

the pleon carrying a Sacculina, A 2120.

Along with the Delagoa specimens is a small hermit in general

resembling the other two, but with chelipeds entirely different, the

right slightly the larger, both with hand and finger tuberculate. Only

one of the ambulatory limbs is present, and the body is so extensively

plastered with parasites as to suggest that the host may be in con-

sequence abnormal. The parasite, about 2 mm. long, is in shape a

rather elongate oval, narrowing to a short three-jointed stalk, of which

the shortest joint (so far as visible) is inserted in the host.

Gren. CLIBANARIUS, Dana.

(See these Annals, vol. 6, pt. 4, p. 352, 1910, and add—

1915. Kemp, Mem. Indian Mus., vol. 5, p. 240.)

CLIBANARIUS AEQUABILIS, Dana.

1852. Clibanarius aequabilis, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. 18, p. 464,

pl. 29, figs. 4 a-f.

1888. 2 - var. merguiensis, de Man, J. Linn. Soc.

London, vol. 22, p. 247.

South African Crustacea. 259

1905. Clibanarius aequabilis, var. merguiensis, Aleock, Catal. Ind.

Decap., pt. 2, fase. 1,

pp. 43, 46, pl. 4, fig.

5 (with synonymy).

A specimen which has lost almost all colour distinctions agrees

well with Dana’s figures of this small species. The carapace

has a length of 9 mm., as in the descriptions by de Man and

Alcock ; its antero-lateral corners are rounded. The eyes are

small, the eye-stalk slender, the ophthalmic scales contiguous.

In the chelipeds ‘the upper surface of the wrist hand and fingers

is more or less studded with conical spinules interspersed with

setae’ (Alcock), and the fingers “ have spoon-like excavated

tips”? (de Man). ‘These tips, like the nails of the ambulatory

limbs, are dark. The feet of the third peraeopods are unlike,

“the penult joint on left side flattened on outer side, and having

a subacute edge above” (Dana). The pleon has a series of

four two-branched pleopods on the left side.

Locality. East London. A 1545.

Gen. EUPAGURUS, Brandt, 1851.

(For the tribe, family, and genus, see the General Catalogue, Ann.

S. Afr. Mus., vol. 6, pt. 4, pp. 349, 350, 356.)

1893.

1905.

Evupacurus ZEBRA, Henderson.

Eupagurus zebra, Henderson, Tr. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2, vol.

5, pt. 10, p. 425, pl. 39, figs. 12—

Ae , Alcock, Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 2, fase. 1,

pp. 124, 126, pl. 11, fig. 5

The specimens which I am recording under this name show a

general agreement with the description and figures supplied by

Henderson and Aleock. At the same time there are differences

which may eventually justify specific distinction. In that case

I venture to propose parazebra for the new species.

For identification the leading features are the slenderness of

the second and third peraeopods, with the beautiful stripes of

colour on those limbs. But a comparison of the large right

cheliped with earlier accounts of it suggest either that it is lable

to considerable variation or that the present form is specifically

distinct. According to Aleock in the large right cheliped the

260

1888.

1905.

Annals of the South African Museum.

carpus “is as long as the merus and considerably shorter than

the palm,” of which “ the inner surface is crossed diagonally by

a strong ridge.” In our specimens the carpus is much longer

than the merus and just as lone as the palm, which has no

diagonal ridge crossing its inner surface, but only a swelling

which runs longitudinally towards the movable finger. Hen-

derson does not specify the relative lengths of merus, carpus and

palm, but his figure suggests that they agree with those in the

South African examples.

Alcock says of the second and third peraeopods, “ the dactyli

are about twice as long as the two preceding joints combined,”

but his figure shows that the words “about twice” should be

deleted.

The larger South African specimen has a carapace fully

21 mm. long in the middle line, therefore very much longer

than Alcock’s specimen with length of carapace nearly 8 mm.,

or than Henderson’s, measuring 21 mm. for the whole animal.

Locality. S.E. of East London, lat. 33° 5’ 0” §., long.

27° 57 0” E.; depth 32 fathoms. Sent by Dr. Gilchrist.

o. 47.

EvPAGURUS SPINULENTUS, Henderson.

Eupagurus spinulentus, Henderson, Rep. Voy. Challenger,

; vol. 27, pt. 69, p. 68, pl. 7, figs. 3, 3a.

‘a - Aleock, Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 2

fase ep. 176.

The specimens which I diffidently assign to this species agree

with Henderson’s account of the eyes and the ophthalmic scales,

of the acicle, and in general of the limbs, although the furrows

and denticulation of the chelipeds are much more pronounced

than his figures would suggest. He says that “the terminal

segment is composed of four nearly equal and symmetrical

lobes.” In our specimens it would rather be described as an

unlobed oblong. The carapace has on the antero-lateral margin

the minute denticle shown in Henderson’s fig. 3 a.

The only specimen having the right cheliped measured

30 mm. from front of carapace to the end of the telson, while

the right cheliped was 37°5 mm. long,

Locality. Umroti River, N. by W. 3 W. 4 miles; depth

27 fathoms. A 1504.

South African Crustacea. 261

Trine GALATHEIDEA.

Famity PORCELLANIDAI.

(For the tribe and family see these Annals, vol. 6, p. 560, 1910.)

1858.

1888.

1831.

1833.

1837.

1847.

1858.

Gen. PETROLISTHES, Stimpson.

Petrolisthes, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Philad., vol. 10, pp. 227 (65),

241 (79).

- Henderson, Rep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 27, p. 104

(with synonymy).

” Stimpson, Smithson, Mise. Coll., vol. 49, p. 181.

- Rathbun, Pr. U.S. Mus., vol. 38, pp. 558, 599, 616.

- Rathbun, Bull. 103, U.S. Nat. Mus., p. 184

(fossil).

Stimpson in 1858 gives a list of thirty-four (five of them

doubtful) species as belonging to this genus; in his posthumous

essay he is contented with twenty-five.

PETROLISTHES POLITUS (Gray).

Porcellana polita, Gray, Zool. Miscellany, No. 1, p. 14.

» Gray, in Griffith’s Animal Kingdom, vol. 18,

Crust., p. 312, pl. 25, fig. 2. (Porcellaria

by error on plate and in index.)

i Bs Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2,

p- 253.

a » White, Crust. in Brit. Mus., p. 63.

Petrolisthes politus, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Philad., vol. 10, p. 227

(65).

The description in Griffith’s Crustacea is brief: “ Purplish-

brown, much polished, and punctulate; the carpus above is

flat; the front edge has three long serrated teeth; the hinder

edge has a spiny ridge near the end; the forehead is triangular,

produced, with the margin rather concave.” The figure, though

rude, shows closer agreement with our specimen than might

be expected from the description. In the chelipeds the teeth

on the front or inner edge of the carpus are not serrated, and

on the hinder or outer edge the spiny ridge of the eight denticles

runs all along, though it becomes more conspicuous distally ;

the figure also faithfully shows the teeth on the transverse distal

margin of the carpus, which are not mentioned in the description.

Annals of the South African Museum.

Stimpson considers Porcellana magnifica, Gibbes, 1850, to be

a synonym of this species. The colouring in our preserved

specimen is very attractive, the chelipeds being a bright red,

the terminal joints of the ambulatory limbs barred red and

white, their broad fourth joints and the carapace of lighter

hue, reddish varied with white. This scheme of colouring is

suggestive of Petrolisthes speciosus (Dana), 1852. Petrolisthes

armatus (Gibbes), 1850, re-described by Miss Rathbun in 1910,

also makes a near approach to the present species.

Locality. Scotburgh, Natal. <A 2244. Collected by Mr.

Kk. H. Barnard.

PETROLISTHES ORNATUS, Paulson.

1875? Petrolisthes ornatus, Paulson, Zapeste Kievs Obstch. Estestv.,

vol. 4, pl. 1, fig. 10.

is re Paulson, Crustacea of the Red Sea, p. 86,

pl nes

Porcellana (Petrolisthes) mossambica, Hilgendorf, M. B. Ak

Berlin, p. 825, pl. 2,

fig. 6.

. Petrolisthes ornatus, Nobili, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 9, Zool., vol. 4

p. 135.

The first of these references I borrow from Paulson, who does

not supply the date. The identification of Hilgendorf’s species

T accept from Nobili.

The carapace about as broad as long, with salient rostrum and

convergent lines of tubercles, as also the shape and armature of

the chelipeds, are in good agreement with Paulson’s description

and figure of the species. The specimen is a female, and was

collected by Mr. K. H. Barnard.

Locality. Mozambique. <A 2206.

Famity UROPTYCHIDAE.

Gen. HAPALOPTYX, nov.

Rostrum represented by a small spine. Pleon of female smooth,

folding as in Uroptychus. Eyes well developed without orbits. Cutting

edge of mandible not denticulate. First maxilliped having a broad

curved exopod quite devoid of flagellum as in Munidopsis. Second

South African Crustacea. 263

maxilliped with broad straight exopod carrying a flagellum ; the last

two joints of the endopod invested with many long setae and spines.

The third maxillipeds with narrow flagellate exopod. Third joint of

endopod fringed with teeth; this joint longer than the fourth, but

shorter than the sixth, which with its neighbours at either end is

clothed with elongate setae. First peraeopods (chelipeds) of female

much shorter than the ambulatory limbs, but longer than the slender

minutely chelate fifth peraeopods.

The generic name is derived from 27aass, soft, and rrvé, a fold.

HAPALOPTYX DIFFICILIS, 1. Sp.

Plate CV.

The name difficilis is given to this species because with some

remarkable features which undoubtedly belong to it there are com-

bined others which occasion considerable perplexity. Of the five pairs

of peraeopods only the last pair were observed still in attachment to

the body, though along with it were a pair of chelipeds and four

elongate spinose ambulatory limbs. Together with this assemblage

there occurred a small square-bodied Megalopa with narrow pleon and

three small detached peraeopods.

Beside the rostral spine the membranaceous carapace has on each

side a spine over the base of the eye-stalk and another at each antero-

lateral angle, with a small submarginal spine between the antero-

lateral and the supra-ocular. From the front the carapace widens

with a long curve to the base of the second peraeopod, thence bending

inward so as to leave exposed the bases of the third and fourth pairs,

and by an angular emargination of the hind border disclosing the first

segment of the pleon. On the infolded sides of the carapace there

are some prickles not visible in dorsal view.

The eye-stalks are rather stout with dark dilated corneae. The first

antennae have a broad basal joint carrying a trifid spine, the second

joint much narrower but longer, the third nearly as long as second

and first combined, longer than the setose flagellum; the accessory

flagellum very small. The second antennae have the terminal joint of

the peduncle long and slender with a fine-drawn six-jointed flagellum

ending in a long, very thin spine.

The mandible is a broad blade without teeth or serration, carrying

a stout three-jointed palp, of which the third joint has four setules

at the apex.

Between the first and second maxillae there is a rather close

resemblance apart from the latter’s possession of the usual vibratory

264 Annals of the South African Museum.

lamina. As mentioned in the generic character the first) maxilliped

has no flagellum to its broad curved exopod, thus differing from

Pylocheles, A. Milne-Edwards, from that author’s Ptychogaster, and

from Uroptychus, Henderson. On the other hand, the third maxilliped

shows a striking likeness to that in the last-named genus, having its

sixth joint longer than any other. The third joint is fringed with

twenty-one teeth; the fifth, sixth and seventh joints are profusely

furnished with very long setae.

If the detached limbs are correctly allocated (as suggested by the

bases of four pairs, these bases being still in attachment to the body)

the chelipeds are rather short and slender, the fifth joint very small,

the palm widening to the base of the much shorter fingers, which have

overlapping acute apices. The following peraeopods differ a little in

length and are nearly four times as long as the chelipeds, the fifth

joint about half as long as the fourth and two-thirds the length of the

sixth, all three slender with spinose margins, the finger very small,

curved and spinose. The fifth peraeopods as preserved are rather

obstinately folded, with the fifth joint about as long as the chela, of

which the small fingers are shrouded in a mass of long stiff setae.

All the segments of tne pleon, except the telson, are broad and to

some extent trilobed, with fringes of setae. The telson is somewhat

broader than long, faintly emarginate. The rami of the uropods are

oval, subequal, these and the telson being also fringed closely with

long setae. There were twenty-one large eggs firmly enclosed in the

pleon, with the fifth peraeopod directed backwards towards them. The

carapace has a length of 7 mm., with a breadth of about 6 mm.

Locality. Scotburgh, N.W. by N. 8 miles (Natal); depth 92

fathoms.

MACRURA GENUINA.

Tring THALASSINIDEA.

(See these Annals, vol. 6, pt. 4, p. 567, 1910.)

Famitry AXITDAE.

(See these Annals, vol. 15, pt. 1, p.9, 1914; vol. 15, pt. 2, p. 58, 1915.)

Gen. AXIUS, Leach.

1815. Awius, Leach, Tr. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 11, pp. 335, 343.

1837. Avia, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, p. 310.

South African Crustacea. 265

1880. Awius, Boas, Vid. Selsk. Skr., ser. 6, pt. 1, pp. 98 (76), ete.

1895. » Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 18, p. 103.

1901. » M.J. Rathbun, U.S. Fish. Comm. for 1900, vol. 2, p. 95.

1903. ,, Borradaile, Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 12, pp. 536, 549.

1906. » M.J. Rathbun, U.S. Fish. Comm. for 1903, pt. 3, p. 893.

1914. » Balss, Abh. K. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., Suppl., vol. 2, pt. 10,

p. 89.

1918. ,, Rathbun, Bull. 103, U.S. Nat. Mus., p. 185 (fossil).

AXIUS LONGISPINA, D. Sp.

Plates CVIs and CVIL.

The character to which the specific name refers, though not super-

ficial, deserves to be particularised. The vibratory lamina of the

second maxilla ends in a spine equal in length to all the rest of the

organ. Boas figures a spine in the same position for his Awius princeps,

but he gives it a length less than a third of the maxilla that carries it,

and he does not seem to attribute any importance to so unusual a

feature. Apart from this the two pairs of maxillae are in near

agreement with those of A. princeps, and the same remark applies to

the first and second maxillipeds except that in the former the exopod

has no such distal narrowing as that shown in Boas’s figure. In the

long third maxillipeds the fourth joint is considerably longer than

the third and only a single tooth diversifies its very setose margin.

Not only from A. princeps, but from many other species which have

been assigned to Avius or its various sub-genera, the present appears

to be distinguished by the third and fourth peraeopods, in which the

sixth joint has a much greater width than that of the fifth jomt, bemg

a very broad oval in the third pair and in both densely fringed with

setae. In the fifth pair the sixth jomt is not oval, but a little

widened distally. In all three pairs the finger is small, not uncinate,

but in the fourth pair a little curved.

Of the first antennae the first joint about equals the second and

third combined; the two flagella are equal in length, the thicker

slightly thickening near the end. The second antennae have a small

acicle and a slender flagellum about once and two-thirds as long as

the flagella of the first pair

The right-hand cheliped of the first pair is missing; that on the

left was probably the larger, being rather massive, with the movable

finger curved, its tip crossing that of the slender thumb, which has

a setiferous projection one-third of the length from the apex and a

266 Annals of the South African Museum.

sight backward crook, so that two small intervals are left when

finger and thumb meet. The palm is stout, but considerably longer

than broad, with a ridge which is continued along the thumb. The

fifth joint is short, triangular; the fourth twice as long, with one

margin straight, the other strongly curved. The whole lib is only

sparingly setiferous, in strong contrast to the following pair and to

the two terminal joints in the third, fourth and fifth pairs. In the

second peraeopods the fingers of the chela are rather longer than

the palm, which has a lateral ridge, such as appears also on the fifth

joint.

The first pair of pleopods are uniramous, very slender and moderately

setiferous. The four following pairs are richly supplied with plumose

setae, the endopod about three times as long as broad, with a narrow

retinaculum about one-fourth of the endopod’s length, carrying half

a dozen hooks or buttons on the apex for linking on to its companion

pleopod ; the exopod is shorter but much broader than the endopod.

The peduncle of the uropods is very small, the endopod transversely

triangular, crossed by an indistinct spinuliferous ridge margined to

the rear with plumose setae, above which are some shorter spindle-

shaped spines or setae; the rather larger exopod has the narrower

end pointed backward instead of outward and has no suture.

The carapace of this soft membranaceous specimen was difficult to

manipulate. From the short blunt setuliferous rostrum to the

middle lobe of the hind margin I make the length 10 mm., and

thence to the end of the telson the length of the body was 23 mm.

The relative size of the large cheliped may be judged from the length

of 9 mm. attamed by the hand and fingers, apart from its other

joints. The sides of the pleon are setose as far back as the fifth

segment, which is shorter than its neighbours. ‘The sixth segment

and the tail-fan are in the preserved specimen of firmer consistency

than the rest of the body, the sixth segment having a median carina,

which, perhaps, commences on the preceding segment and is continued

on the telson, but not to the broad setose hind border. The telson

slightly contracts near the middle, the sides converging with a gentle

concavity to the convex or very obttise-angled posterior margin.

Locality. Cape Morgan, N.N.W. 7 miles; depth 52 fathoms.

A 957.

Trine SCYLLARIDEA.

(On this tribe see an important note by Calman, Ann. Nat. Hist.,

ser. 8, vol. 3, p. 442, 1909.)

South African Crustacea.

Famity SCYLLARIDAE.

GEN.

THENUS, Leach,

1815.

THENUS ORIENTALIS (Lund.), 1793.

267

See these Annals, vol. 15, pp. 61-65, in which the position of this

species has been fully discussed.

taken, in which the length of the carapace in the middle line is slightly

less than 8 mm., and the greatest breadth between the external teeth

of the orbits is 85 mm.

withdrawn from the outer margins of the carapace.

Locality.

Achelous

aequabilis (Clibanarius)

affinis (Eucrate)

aleocki (Latreillopsis), pl. Clv

alcocki (Platymaia) :

anomala (Brachyura)

anomala (Macrura)

areolatus (Chlorodopsis)

artificiosus (Conchoecetes)

Axiidae .

Axius

barnardi (Lithadia), pl. ci

bituberculatus (Eudromia), pl. ciii :

Blastide

Brachyura anomala

Brachyura genuina

Calecinus

Carpilius

Catometopa .

Charybdis .

Chlorodopsis .

Cleistostoma

Clibanarius

Clythrocerus

Durnford Point, N.E. by E. 9 miles.

INDEX.

PAGE

236 | Conchoecetes

258 | Corycodus

238 | Cosmonotus .

255 | Cryptodromia

232 | Cyclodorippidae

251 | Cyclometopa

257 | Cymonomus .

235

258 Dairoides .

oG4 | difficilis (Hapaloptyx), pl. cv

264 | disjunctipes (Corycodus)

Doclea : 2

948 Dromiidee

eee eucheir (Xeinostoma), pl. xcix

232 | Eucrate : : :

pe Eudromia

231 | Eupagurus

258 | Galatheidea . :

234 | gamianus (Pagur istes)

238 | genuina (Brachyura)

237 cenuina (Macrura)

235 | Goneplacidae

239 | granulatus (Pilumnus)

258 | grayli (Cosmonotus)

242 | Grypachaeus.

A very small specimen has been

In this specimen the eyes are a little

Depth 15 fathoms.

PAGE

. 253

. 242

. 250

5 PAS

. 242

. 2383

. 244

. 233

. 263

. 242

. 232

. 251

. 243

. 238

253

259

. 261

. 257

. 231

. 264

. 238

. 235

. 200

. 207

268 Annals of the South African Museum.

PAGE PAGE

Hapaloptyx . : : ‘ . 262 | Parathranites : : : . 237

Homolidae . ; ; : . 255 | parazebra ; : ; ; . 259

hybrida (Doclea) . ; 5 . 233 | Petrolisthes . : c : . 261

Pilumnus . : 5 3 . 235

Inachidae . : ‘ : . 231 | Pinnotheres . : : : . 240

_ Pinnotheridae : c : . 240

laevimanus (Calcinus) . : . 258 | pisum (Pinnotheres) . : . 241

Latreillopsis : : : . 255 | Platymaia . : ; . 231

leachii (Cleistostoma) . ; . 289 _ politus (Petrolisthes) ; : . 261

Leucosia : : : ‘ . 249 | Porcellanidae : 3 A . 261

Leucosidae . : : , . 246 | Portunidae . 5 : é . 236

Lithadia : 247

longispina (Axius), pls. evi B, cvii 265 | Raninidae_. : ; 3 . 249

Lupocyelus . : ‘ ; . 237 | Raninoides . F : ; . 249

Macrura anomala . : : . 257 | scandens (Nursia), pl. cvia . . 247

Macriwwa genuina . : : . 264 | Seyllaridae . : P ; 5 Aare

maculatus (Carpilius) . . 285 | Scyllaridea . : . 266

margaritatus (Dairoides), pl. | serratifrons (Raninoides) : . 250

x¢evill : . 234 | spinulentus (Enpagurus) —. . 260

micronyx (Cryptodromia), pl. cil. 251

muricatus (Doclea) : : . 232 | Thalassinidea : A ; . 264

Thenus . F 5 PAG

Nursia . ; : : . 246 | trifurcus (Cy monomus), pl. « G. . 245

turbynei (Platymaia) . : . 232

Ocypodidae . : : 5 2B)

orbicularis (Achelous) . : . 236 | Uroptychidae : : : . 262

orientalis (Parathranites) é . 238

orientalis (Thenus) —. : . 267 | variegatus (Charybdis) : . 237

ornatus (Petrolisthes) . : . 262

ostrearius (Pinnotheres) 5 . 241 | whitei (Leucosia) . . 249

Oxyrrhyncha : : : . 231 | wyville-thomsoni (Platymaia) . 232

Oxystomata . ‘ : , . 242

Xanthidae . : : : . 233

Paguridae 257 | Xemostoma . : : ; . 243

Paguridea 257

Paguristes 257 | zebra (Hupagurus) : ‘ . 259

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

Puate XVIII. (Crustacea, Plate XCVIII.)

Dairoides margaritatus, n. g. et sp.

t=)

ns. These letters refer to the neighbouring figures of natural size,

roughly representing in dorsal aspect the carapace and pleon,

and in lateral view the pair of chelipeds (the smaller with

movable finger missing) and two of the ambulatory legs

from the fourth to the seventh jomt. For true appearance

of carapace consult description.

ear. A small piece of the carapace as seen by transmitted light,

highly magnified.

a.s. First antenna.

m., mx. 1, mx.2, mxp.2,mxp. 3. Mandible, first and second maxillae,

second and third maxillipeds, to a uniform scale.

prp. Terminal joints of an ambulatory peraeopod, highly magnified.

PL. plp. 1, plp. 2. Dorsal view of pleon with first and second pleopods,

highly magnified.

PratE XIX. (Crustacea, Plate XCIX.)

Xeinostoma eucheir, n. g. et sp.

n.s. Lines indicating natural size of carapace in the male specimen

figured below, with first antennae, chelipeds, and (on the

left) the peraeopods 2-4, all in dorsal aspect.

Pl. g, Pl. 2. Pleon of male in dorsal aspect, and similarly that of

female showing the four pleopods in position on the right.

m., mxp. 2, mxp. 3. Mandible and second and third maxillipeds of a

male.

prp. 1, prp. 1, mxp. 3. Chelipeds of a male, the upper figures in

dorsal and ventral aspects, the lower showing the companion

cheliped in dorsal aspect and in attachment to the third

maxilliped for estimate of the relative sizes.

oc. 9, as. 9,a.i. 9. Eye, first and second antennae of female.

mx. 1, mx. 9 29, mxp.19. First mavilla, part of second maxilla,

first maxilliped, of female.

270 Annals of the South African Museum.

PuiatE XX. (Crustacea, Plate C.)

Cymonomus trifurcus, 0. sp.

n.s. Lines indicating natural size of male specimen figured below in

dorsal aspect, without the limbs, but partially showing

antennae and pleon ; with a lower figure of the ventral aspect

in part, with the third maxilliped in attachment.

Pl. D., Pl. V. Dorsal and ventral aspects of the unfolded pleon.

a.s., ai. First and second antennae.

m., mxp. 1, mxp. 2. Mandible, first and second maxillipeds.

mxp. 3. Third maxilliped, from the inner or upper side, agreeing in

scale with the full figure, less magnified than other mouth-

parts and the antennae.

prp. l, prp. 2, prp. 5. First, second, and fifth peraeopods.

pip. 1. plp. 2. First and second pleopods of the male, with terminal

part of the second further enlarged.

Puate XXI. (Crustacea, Plate CI.)

Lithadia barnardi, n. sp.

n.s. Lines indicating natural size of specimen figured below in dorsal

view, with first three peraeopods on the right, first, second,

fourth and fifth on the left. Carapace probably abnormal

on the right front.

Pl. Pleon of female in dorsal view, with telson much more magnified.

ep., mxp. 3, mxp. 3. Epistome and upper and lower surfaces of the

third maxillipeds, less highly magnified than the other

mouth-organs.

m.,mx. 1, mx.2,mxp. 1, mxp. 2. Mandible, first and second maxillae,

first and second maxillipeds.

prp. 1, prp. 2. First and second peraeopods.

Puate XXII. (Crustacea, Plate CIT.)

Cryptodromia micronyz, 0. sp.

n.s. Lines indicating natural size of the carapace in the curved dorsal

view of a male specimen, with limbs of the right side in

attachment.

Pl. Pleon of the male, incompletely flattened, in dorsal aspect.

as. ali. First and second antennae, more highly magnified.

m., mx. 1, 2. mxp. 1,2, 5. Mandible, first and second maxillae, first

second, and third maxillipeds, uniform in scale with the

antennae.

Explanation of Plates. 271

prp. 1, 2, 4, 5. First, second, fourth, and fifth peraeopods, on the

same scale as the carapace and pleon.

plp. 1, 2. First pair of pleopods, and one member of the second pair,

with much higher magnification of the latter.

Puate XXIII. (Crustacea, Plate CIIT.)

Hudromia bituberculatus, nu. sp.

ns. Lines indicating natural size of the carapace in the adjoiming

dorsal view of a female specimen, with fourth and fifth

peraeopods and part of pleon in attachment, the ventral view

below showing the left cheliped attached.

oc., prp. 9. An eye, and distal part of third peraeopod on the same

scale as the above.

a.s., al. First and second antennae more highly magnified, on the

same scale as the remaining figures.

m., mx. 1, 2,mxp. 1, 3, plp., plp. Mandible, first and second maxillae,

first and third maxillipeds ; one of the large pleopods (with

rami not quite complete), and the small, last pleopod.

Piatt XXIV. (Crustacea, Plate CIV.)

Latreillopsis alcocki, n. sp.

n.s.D. Specimen in dorsal view, natural size, with fourth peraeopod in

position on the right and fifth on the left.

n.s.V. Part of specimen, natural size, in ventral view, with first and

second peraeopods in position on the right.

oc., a.s., a1. Eye, and first and second antennae, magnified.

mx. 1, mxp. 1,2, d. First maxilla, first and second maxillipeds, and

dactylus of a peraeopod, to the same scale as eye and antennae.

m., mxp. 3. Mandible and third maxilliped, more highly magnified

than the foregoing.

Pirate XXV. (Crustacea, Plate CV.)

Hapaloptyx difficilis, n. g. et sp.

ns. 2. Lines indicating natural size of female specimen figured

below in dorsal aspect, with partial view of the ventral aspect.

Pl. Last four segments of the pleon, flattened out, with the uropods.

as., a1. First and second antennae.

mx. 1,2, mxp. 1, 2,3. First and second maxillae, first, second, and

third maxillipeds, on a uniform scale with the eye and

antennae.

272 Annals of the South African Musewm.

m. Mandible, more highly magnified than the other parts.

prp. 1. The chelipeds in supposed position on either side of the

carapace.

prp. One of the ambulatory peraeopods.

prp. 5. One of the chelate fifth peraeopods, with last three joints

more highly magnified.

prp. x. A peraeopod of uncertain allocation.

PuatE XXVIa. (Crustacea, Plate CVIa.)

Nursia scandens, n. sp.

us. Lines indicating actual size of carapace figured below in dorsal

and ventral aspects (car. D, car. V.).

PL, Pl. V. Pleon in dorsal and ventral aspects, the latter with one

of the pleopods separately shown.

m., mxp. 1, 2,3. A mandible, and first, second and third maxillipeds.

prp. 1, prp. 5. First and third peraeopods, less magnified than the

mouth-organs.

Pirate XXVIzs. (Crustacea, Plate CVIs.)

Axius longispina, 0. sp.

m., mx. 1, 2,mxp.1,2. Mandible, first and second maxillae, first and

second maxillipeds, to a uniform scale of magnification.

mxp. 3. Third maxillipeds, less highly magnified than the other

mouth-organs.

Puate XXVII. (Crustacea, Plate CVII.)

Axius longispina, n. sp.

ns. Line indicating actual length of specimen from which the several

parts have been drawn.

a.s., at., plp. 1, plp. 4. First and second antennae, first pair of pleo-

pods, and one of the fourth pair, all to the same scale of

magnification as the third maxilliped on plate CVI.

ret. apex of the retinaculum of the fourth pleopod much more

enlarged.

prp. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. The five peraeopods to a uniform scale of

magnification.

T., urp. ‘The telson in connection with the uropods and with some

other segments of the pleon. In the actual specimen this

part of the body was ventrally infolded.

e AVIII.

Crustacea Plate XCVIIL

Pla

Ann.S.Afr. Mus.Vol. AVIL

eer

yey

Adlard & Son & West Newman lith.

DSTO ES MARUG AIR MeANae Sim ener

Del. TRR.Stebbing

Crustacea Plate XCIX.

Ann. S.Afr.Mus.Vol. AVII. Plate XIX.

\ t

a) )

4 /

< PL&. 3

Del. TRA Stebbing. Adlard & Son & West Newman lith.

XEIN GS TOMA HUCHEURY m2 6b sp:

Crustacea Plate C.

Plate XX.

Ann.S.Afr. Mus .Vol. XVII.

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Plate 2111.

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Ann.S.Afr Mus. Vol. XVIL.

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Ann.S.AfrMus.Vol. XVII. Plate XXVI

A. T

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a NMURSTA SCANDENSnsp. BA S LONGISPINA,n sp.

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Ann.S.Afr.Mus.Vol, XVIL

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APIS © Ne ES PUN AY msp:

( 273 )

10,-— Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera.—By E. Mryrick

BAS) ERS

Vis

THE types of the following species, sent me by Dr. L. Péringuey, are

in the South African Museum.

PTHROPHORIDAE.

Gun. TRICHOPTILUS Wals.

TRICHOPTILUS FESTUS, ND. sp.

S. 16mm. Head and thorax reddish-ochreous, posterior margin

of thorax snow-white. Palpi ochreous, towards base whitish. Abdo-

men grey, with a white subdorsal stripe on each segment, more or less

blackish¢edged beneath, two basal segments wholly snow-white. Fore-

wings slightly broader than in congrualis; reddish-ochreous, costal

half suffused with reddish-fuscous except towards apex ; small groups

of whitish scales towards dorsum at 3, and in disc before cleft ; a bar

of white irroration crossing both segments at 1 of their length, and

another more defined at {: cilia dark grey, with white patches on

segmental bars and some scattered white hair-scales, on lower margin

of first segment and upper margin of second with several scattered

black scales on median third, several small blackish patches separated

by narrow white bars round apex of both segments, and four sub-

quadrate blackish patches on lower margin of second between base

and second white bar. Hindwings dark grey; cilia grey, without

black scales on dorsum.

Cape Conony, Capetown, in January (Barnard); one specimen.

The example is in fine condition, and the absence of black scales on

dorsum of hindwings is natural.

* The previous papers of this series have appeared in vol. v, p. 849 (1909),

vol. v, p. 411 (1910), vol. x, p. 53 (1912), vol. x, p. 243 (1914), and vol. xvii, p. 1

(1917).

[Throughout this paper, for “* Winthoek” read “ Winterhoek.” The Great

Winterhoek is the culminating peak of the Witzenberg Range in the Tulbagh

District of the Cape, and one of several localities which have been visited for

the purpose inter alia of determining the character of the Microlepidopterous

fauna at high altitudes. The specimens should be credited to Mr. R. M.

Lightfoot.—Ep. ]

Annals of the South African Museum.

“J

Gen. OXYPTILUS Zell.

OXYPTILUS VARIEGATUS, Nl. sp.

3 2. 17mm. Head whitish or whitish-ochreous. Palpi whitish,

partially lined with fuscous. Thorax pale ochreous, apical half of

patagia white. Abdomen whitish, marked laterally with fuscous.

Forewings cleft nearly to middle, segments slender, first acutely

pointed, second subfaleate, termen concave, very oblique; pale

ochreous, slightly sprinkled with fuscous; first segment suffused

with fuscous, more or less extended along costa towards base; a spot

of fuscous irroration on dorsum at +; a blackish dot in dise at 2,

followed by a small cloudy white spot; a blackish dot on base of

cleft, followed by a small cloudy white spot on base of lower margin

of first segment; suffused white bars on first segment at 1 and 2,

inwardly oblique from costa, first moderate, second narrower and

more oblique, these continued on second segment by less distinct

whitish bars; terminal edge of second segment blackish on lower

half: cilia pale ochreous, on costa with white patches edged with

dark fuscous on segmental bars, on margins of cleft white on seg-

mental bars and mixed with black scales between these, and before

and beyond them on first segment, on dorsum with white spots at

base and + of second segment and at tornus, and some scattered

black scales between these. Hindwings dark grey, third segment

whitish towards tip; cilia grey, on dorsum with a small patch of

black scales at ? of third segment, and scattered black and white

scales between this and hase.

TransvaaL, Louis Trichardt, one specimen (R. Tucker); also one

in ny collection from Pretoria.

Gen. PTEROPHORUS Geoftr.

PTEROPHORUS ACUMINATUS, N. sp.

3S. 16-17 mm. Head light brownish, with a whitish line between

antennae. Palpil, ight brownish, edge whitish. Thorax ochreous-

whitish, patagia sometimes tinged with brownish. Abdomen ochreous-

whitish, more or less mixed with brownish. Forewings cleft to near

middle, segments narrow, acute; whitish, more or less wholly suffused

with pale brownish-ochreous ; costa and basal third of dorsum more

or less irrorated with blackish ; an elongate blackish dot in disc at 1;

a cloudy transverse blackish mark on base of cleft; an elongate

Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 275

cloudy blackish mark on costa beyond base of cleft, and black dots on

extremities of veins 2, 3, 7 and 10: cilia ochreous-whitish, on costa

with two dark grey patches, within cleft and on dorsum mostly

suffused with dark grey, especially beneath segments towards apex.

Hindwings dark grey ; cilia ight ochreous-grey.

Cape Cotony, Gt. Winthoek, 4500 ft.; three specimens. The

narrower second segment of forewings and dark grey dorsal cilia

distinguish this species from Jienigianus.

TORTRICIDAE.

Gen. TORTRIX L.

TORTRIX SPORADIAS, ll. Sp.

gd. 15mm. Head, palpi, and thorax whitish-ochreous. Abdomen

whitish. Forewings elongate, shehtly dilated, costa shghtly arched,

without fold, apex obtuse, termen slightly rounded, oblique ; whitish-

ochreous, thinly strewn with small scattered groups of dark fuscous

specks: cilia whitish-ochreous. Hindwings and cilia whitish.

Cape Cotony, Vryburg (J. Brown) ; one specimen.

TORTRIX BIFORMIS, 0. sp.

S. 15-17 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax whitish-grey-ochreous

more or less wholly irrorated and suffused with grey. Antennal

cilations 1. Abdomen grey, anal tuft yellow-whitish. Forewings

suboblong, costa shghtly arched, without fold, apex obtuse, termen

almost straight, oblique: greyish-ochreous: cilia whitish. Hindwings

with 5 and 4 sometimes coincident ; grey; cilia whitish.

2. 18 mm. Forewings pointed, termen slightly sinuate, very

oblique ; pale greyish-ochreous. Hindwings pale grey; cilia whitish.

Cape Cotony, Gt. Winthoek, 4500 feet; eight specimens. Closely

allied and very similar to the European rusticana, but distinguished

by the more oblique termen of forewings and whitish cilia. Of the

six male specimens sent three have veins 3 and 4 of hindwings connate,

as 1s normal in the genus, and the other three have them coincident,

the wings in each specimen being alike on both sides; this is a very

singular and remarkable case of variation, but the specimens are

unquestionably all the same species. One female has veins 3 and 4

of hindwings coincident; the other specimen has lost its hindwings.

276 Annals of the South African Museum.

Gen. EPICHORISTA Mevr.

EPICHORISTA CINERATA, 0. sp.

3d. 20-22 mm. Head and palpi whitish irrorated with dark grey.

Thorax whitish-ochreous, anteriorly irrorated with dark grey. Abdomen

whitish-yellowish. Forewings elongate, rather dilated posteriorly,

costa gently arched, without fold, apex obtuse, termen nearly straight,

somewhat oblique; whitish-ochreous, in one specimen veins faintly

tinged with grey: cilia whitish-ochreous. Hindwings and cilia

ochreous-whitish.

Cape Conony, Gt. Winthoek, 4500 ft. ; two specimens.

EPICHORISTA EXANIMATA, Nl. Sp.

g. 25 mm. Head and thorax whitish-ochreous, face and palpi

pale greyish-ochreous. Abdomen ochreous - whitish. | Forewings

elongate, rather dilated posteriorly, costa gently arched, without fold,

apex obtuse, termen nearly straight, rather oblique ; whitish-ochreous,

posteriorly with a few scattered light ferruginous specks ; costa pale

ochreous towards base: cilia whitish-ochreous. Hindwings and cilia

ochreous-whitish.

Caper Cotony, Gt. Winthoek, 4500 ft. ; one specimen.

EPICHORISTA PHALARAEA, N. Sp.

S$. 16 mm., 9.18 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax brown, in ¢

mixed with dark grey, apex of patagia white. Abdomen grey, in ¢

segmental margins suffused with white and anal tuft snow-white.

Forewings elongate, moderate, posteriorly slghtly dilated, costa

gently arched, apex obtuse, termen nearly straight, rather oblique ;

brown ; markings shining white; a basal patch of irregular markings

occupying about + of wing, edge obtusely angulated above middle ;

an irregular somewhat curved median fascia, in both females tending

to be interrupted above middle and with a short irregular posterior

branch to dorsum; a spot enclosing a small dot of ground colour on

costa at #, and a transverse irregular and variable streak beneath it

almost reaching tornus; several slight irregular dots towards apex:

cilia in ¢ white with a brownish basal shade, in Q whity-brownish

with dark grey basal shade. Hindwings in ¢ white, with a grey

apical patch and some grey irroration on termen, cilia white; in

2 rather dark grey, cilia whitish-grey with grey basal shade.

Carr Cotony, Table Mountain, 1500 ft., in November and December

(Barnard); three specimens (1 ¢, 2 2). The white markings probably

vary not inconsiderably.

“I

Descriptions of South African Micro- Lepidoptera. 2

1 ) . 4

Gen. CNEPHASIA Curt.

CNEPHASIA MACROSTOMA, HN. sp.

6. 17-18 mm. 2. 14-16 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax dark

grey sprinkled with whitish, palpi 5. Abdomen grey. Forewings

elongate, posteriorly dilated, costa slightly arched, apex obtuse-pointed,

termen slightly sinuate, oblique; grey sprinkled with whitish; a slender

undefined irregular ochreous subcostal streak from base to 1; irregular

ill-defined light brownish-ochreous transverse fasciae sprinkled with

blackish before and beyond middle and from ? of costa to tornus, in

¢ paler and hardly defined: cilia grey irrorated with whitish. Hind-

wings light grey, obscurely darker-marbled ; cilia pale greyish.

CapgE Contony, Gt. Winthoek, 4500 ft., and Hottentot-Holland Mts.

(Barnard); four specimens. The markings are obscure and ill-defined,

but the species is recognisable by the very long palpi.

HUCOSMIDAE.

DOLIOCHASTIS, n. g.

Palpi moderate, porrected, second joint densely rough-scaled above

and beneath, terminal joint very short. Antennae in ¢ serrulate,

minutely ciliated. Thorax without crest. Forewings with 3 from

angle, 7 to termen. Hindwings with 3 and 4 separate, nearly approxi-

mated and parallel towards base, 5 rather approximated, 6 and 7

closely approximated towards base.

A derivative of Eucosma.

DoLIocHASTIS HOMOGRAPTA, Nl. Sp.

¢. 18-15 mm. Head, palpi, thorax and abdomen grey. Fore-

wings elongate, posteriorly somewhat dilated, costa slightly arched,

without fold, apex obtuse, termen nearly straight, somewhat oblique ;

grey; costa dark fuscous, marked with pairs of obscure whitish

strigulae; dorsum with some dark fuscous strigulae; basal patch

more or less mixed with darker, edged by an obscure dark fuscous

irregular streak obtusely angulated in middle; central fascia narrow,

very irregular-edged, suffused, oblique, dark fuscous ; several oblique

leaden strigae from posterior costal strigulae; ocellus laterally edged

by dull leaden marks reaching half across wing, anterior adjacent to

central fascia, posterior almost terminal, preceded by three adjacent

black dots: cilia grey. Hindwings and cilia grey.

278 Annals of the South African Museum.

TRANSVAAL, junction of Crocodile and Marico rivers, in February

(R. Tucker); six specimens. Also seen from Ruopssta, Salisbury

(Janse).

Gen. EUCOSMA Hib.

EucosMa QUERULA, Meyr.

Care Cotony, Capetown, in May and June (Lightfoot); Nara,

Pinetown, in February (Leigh). Described from New Zealand

specimens ; it is, however, a discordant species in the New Zealand

fauna, and may therefore not improbably have been introduced into

that country from South Africa.

EucosMA LOCHMAEA, Ni. Sp.

Gg. 20-22 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax dark purplish-ashy-fuscous.

Abdomen grey. Forewings elongate, posteriorly somewhat dilated,

costa gently arched, without fold, apex obtuse, termen straight, rather

oblique; dark fuscous, almost wholly covered with suffused confluent

dark purplish-leaden transverse striation from base to a narrow

irregular somewhat curved rather oblique central fascia of ground-

colour; four pairs of oblique dark purplish-leaden strigulae from

posterior half of costa, running into a fasciate blotch hmiting ocellus

anteriorly ; a dark purplish-leaden streak along termen, preceded on

lower half by four elongate black dots: cila dark purple-grey,

sprinkled with dark fuscous. Hindwings with 5 and 4 stalked; grey;

cilia grey.

Navan, Durban (Marley); four specimens, bred in June from larvae

feeding in pods of “ sugar-bush,” presumably a Leguminous shrub.

EucosMA TENAX, 0. sp.

go @. 19-20 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax in ¢ mixed with

ochreous, grey, and- dark fuscous, in 92 ferruginous. Antennal

ciliations in ¢ nearly 2. Abdomen dark grey. Forewings elongate,

posteriorly dilated, costa slightly arched, in 9 more strongly anteriorly,

in @ with moderate fold from base to 2, apex obtuse, termen

nearly straight, somewhat oblique; ochreous-whitish ; markings deep

ferruginous, in ¢ much mixed with grey and strigulated with blackish,

in 9 with only a few grey and black scales; basal patch moderate,

edge in ¢ nearly straight, little oblique, in 2 more oblique, obtusely

Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 279

angulated in middle; central fascia rather broad, evenly wide,

oblique, straight, posterior edge with a projection below middle, less

marked in 9 ; an irregular fascia from about * of costa to lower part

of termen and tornus, dilated towards costa, especially in 9, and

more narrowed downwards, enclosing one or two whitish dots on

costa ; two or three costal dots between these markings ; a small mark

on costa before apex, whence a more or less expressed stria runs along

upper part of termen: cilia in @ grey mixed with ochreous and

blackish, in 2 ferruginous-ochreous, becoming paler towards tips.

Hindwings with 3 and 4 connate; grey, rather darker posteriorly (in

Q specimen missing) ; cilia light grey, with darker subbasal shade.

CaprE Conony, Gt. Winthoek, 4500 ft.; three specimens.

Gren. ARGYROPLOCE Hib.

ARGYROPLOCE ORICHLORA, 0. Sp.

6&6 2. 18-19 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax green irregularly mixed

with black. Abdomen dark grey. Forewings elongate, posteriorly

dilated, costa slightly arched, apex obtuse, termen slightly sinuate,

little oblique ; green, with more or less expressed irregular transverse

striae of whitish or pale bluish irroration rising from pairs of white

costal strigulae separated by small blackish spots; basal patch of

more or less developed blackish marking, edge rather oblique, with

rounded median prominence; central fascia blackish, irregular, not

oblique, discal area before and beyond this more or less variably

suffused irregularly with dark green or blackish ; an outwards-oblique

streak of blackish suffusion from dorsum before tornus reaching half

across Wing ; an irregular upwards-oblique blackish streak from middle

of termen not reaching costa, sometimes surrounded with dark grey

suffusion and some reddish sprinkling; three black strigulae on lower

part of termen; one specimen is largely suffused generally with dark

grey: cilia green with rows of whitish points, somewhat reddish-

tinged towards tips. Hindwings grey, veins dark grey, apex and

termen suffused with dark grey ; cilia hght grey, with dark grey basal

shade, tips whitish.

CarE Conony, Oudebosch (1500 ft.) and Table Mountain, in

January and February (Barnard); three specimens. Belongs to the

bryana group, rather numerous in India, of which it is the first African

representative.

280 Annals of the South African Museum.

GELECHIADAKE.

Gren. PYCNOSTOLA Meyr.

PycnostToLa PERLUSTRATA, Nl. Sp.

dg. 14-16mm. Head pale grey, sidetufts whitish. Palpi ochreous-

grey, terminal joint whitish, grey anteriorly. Thorax light grey.

Abdomen grey, anal tuft whitish. Forewings narrowly elongate-

lanceolate ; fulvous-ochreous, veins and margins streaked with light

grey sprinkled with dark fuscous; an indistinct dark fuscous dot

beneath costa towards base; stigmata indistinct, dark fuscous, plical

very obliquely before first discal: cilia light grey, towards base

somewhat mixed with white and sprinkled with dark fuscous. Hind-

wings and cilia light grey.

Cape Conony, Fransch Hoek, in June (Barnard); two specimens.

Resembles iluminata, but smaller, and immediately distinguished by

grey cilia of hindwings.

PYCNOSTOLA OECONOMICA, 0D. Sp.

6 2. 18-19 mm. Head and thorax white, more or less speckled

with fuscous. Palpi pale brownish sprinkled with dark fuscous, tuft

long, edge white, terminal joint white speckled with dark fuscous.

Abdomen whitish irrorated with fuscous. Forewings elongate, very

narrow, costa slightly arched, apex acute, termen faintly sinuate,

extremely oblique; fuscous, suffused and irregularly mixed with

whitish irroration, and more or less streaked with pale yellow-

ochreous in disc; stigmata blackish, discal approximated, plical very

obliquely before first discal : cilia ochreous-whitish mixed with fuscous.

Hindwings grey ; cilia whitish-ochreous-grey.

Cape Conony, Matroosberg, 3500 ft., in November (Lightfoot) ;

two specimens.

PYCNOSTOLA CELERIS, N. Sp.

6. 20-22 mm. Head and thorax white, shoulders sprinkled

with grey. Palpi ochreous-whitish sprinkled with dark fuscous, tuft

long, edge white, terminal joint white, with anterior edge dark fuscous.

Abdomen white, more or less suffused with grey. Forewings elongate,

narrow, costa slightly arched, apex pointed, termen slightly sinuate,

extremely oblique ; whitish (¢) or pale yellow-ochreous ( 2 ), more or

less speckled irregularly with fuscous, especially along margins ; stig-

mata small, indistinct, ferruginous-brownish, discal approximated,

Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 281

plical very obliquely before first discal: cilia whitish, base with a few

fuscous specks. Hindwings pale whitish-grey ; cilia whitish-ochreous.

Care Conony, Matroosberg, 3500 ft., in November (Lightfoot) ;

three specimens.

Gren. MEGACRASPEDUS Zell.

MEGACRASPEDUS PERACUTA, ND. Sp.

62. 11-13 mm. Head white, with a dark grey mark on each

side of forehead. Palpi white, second joint blackish except apex, tuft

very short, terminal joint blackish towards tip. Thorax yellow-

whitish, shoulders dark grey. Abdomen blackish-grey. Forewings

lanceolate, apex produced, acute; yellow-ochreous, sometimes tinged

with grey posteriorly; costal edge white on basal third: cilia light

greyish-ochreous, becoming whitish on costa towards middle. Huind-

wings grey; cilia pale greyish-ochreous.

Carr Cotony, Gt. Winthoek, 4500 ft.; four specimens.

MEGACRASPEDUS PHOTINOPA, Nl. Sp.

d. 138mm. Headand thorax white. Palpi white, second joint with

a median band of fuscous irroration. Abdomen grey-whitish. Fore-

wings elongate-lanceolate ; white; a rather broad whitish-ochreous

streak sprinkled with grey and dark fuscous running from base beneath

costa to1, thence obliquely deflected to a small round yellow-whitish

spot edged with a few dark scales representing second discal stigma,

and a similar streak from middle of base to a more obscure similar

spot representing plical stigma; some grey irroration towards costa

at 2, and two or three scales on tornus ; an apical spot of grey;suffusion :

cilia whitish, at apex with sharp median and apical grey lines. Hind-

wings light grey ; cilia grey-whitish.

Care Cotony, Table Mountain, in February (Barnard); one

specimen.

Gen. EPITHECTIS Meyr.

EPItHecTIS ExSTINCTA, Meyr.

In the original example veins 6 and 7 of forewings are stated to

rise out of 8, but in two specimens since examined 7 and 8 rise out 6,

which must therefore be held to be the normal structure, and on this.

difference the species should be referred to H'pithectis.

282 Annals of the South African Museum.

Gen. TELPHUSA Chamb.

TELPHUSA LIMENABEA, 0. Sp.

gd. 12mm. Head white. Palpi white, second joint mixed with

black on basal half, terminal joint with two black bands. Thorax

white, shoulders irrorated with dark grey, dorsum with two small

black spots anteriorly. Forewings elongate, rather narrow, costa

gently arched, apex pointed, termen very obliquely rounded; dark

grey, tips of scales very finely whitish; extreme base mixed with

black; a broad white antemedian fascia edged with blackish ante-

riorly and preceded by a brown subcostal mark, its posterior half not

reaching costa and marked with a black subcostal dot in an indenta-

tion, its posterior margin followed by a brown transverse spot in disc ;

opposite white costal and tornal spots at 3, their anterior angles

connected by a black mark, above and beneath which is some brownish

suffusion: cilia whitish (imperfect). Hindwings pale grey; cilia

ochreous-whitish.

Cape Conony, Capetown, in December (Lightfoot) ; one specinen.

TELPHUSA IRIDITIS, h. sp.

¢d. 12 mm. Head iridescent grey-whitish irregularly speckled

with blackish. Palpi grey, second and terminal joints each with two

bands of blackish irroration, terminal joint thickened with scales.

Thorax violet-grey suffusedly irrorated and marked with blackish.

Abdomen greyish. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa slightly arched,

faintly sinuate towards middle, apex pointed, termen extremely

obliquely rounded ; purplish-grey speckled with black, with iridescent

ereen reflections ; three small spots of black irroration on costa at 4, 4,

and middle, each with a small brownish-ochreous spot adjacent

beneath, some whitish irroration between these extending obliquely

towards disc ; a black oblique mark in disc beneath first of these, and

a black longitudinal spot beneath second; three small brownish-

ochreous tufts towards dorsum from } to before tornus; a small

brownish-ochreous spot in middle of disc and another at 3; a trans-

verse black spot in disc towards apex, preceded by two brownish-

ochreous dots transversely placed; three brownish-ochreous dots on

costa and two on termen towards apex, separated with black and with

a more distinct small black spot at apex: cilia pale grey with some

black specks towards base, round apex with basal area purple-whitish

speckled with black. Hindwings light grey thinly scaled towards

base, margins and veins suffused with darker grey ; cilia light grey.

Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 283.

S.W. Prorecroratr, Narugas, in January (Lightfoot); one

specimen.

Gren. GELECHIA Hib.

GELECHIA ALBIFLORA, 0. Sp.

6 @. 19-20 mm. Head ochreous-white. Palpi ochreous-white,

base blackish, terminal joint more or less irrorated with blackish.

Thorax ochreous-white, patagia dark fuscous, a spot on each side

adjacent to these or (in ¢) whole anterior dorsa! half blackish.

Abdomen in ¢ ochreous-whitish, apparently becoming dark fuscous

posteriorly, in 2 whitish. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa gently

arched, apex tolerably pointed, termen very obliquely rounded ; dark

ashy-fuscous ; an irregular ochreous-white transverse strigula from

base of costa; an irregular ochreous-white spot beneath costa at 1; a

thick black streak extending along fold from + to near middle of wing,

interrupted by two ochreous-white spots; an ochreous-white spot in

dise slightly beyond second of these, and a larger spot in disc at %,

these more or less surrounded with black and united by a black blotch ;

opposite small cloudy whitish spots at # of costa and tornus tending to

unite into a straight line touching this; some irregular whitish scales

in disc beyond this: cilia ochreous-white, at base with a few blackish

scales. Hindwings ochreous-whitish, with a slight bluish tinge: cilia

ochreous-whitish.

Care Conony, Matroosberg, 3500 ft., in November (Lightfoot) ;

two specimens. Allied to triplacopis; the colour of ¢ abdomen might

be due to decay.

GFELECHIA LEUCODOXA, 0. sp.

$ @. 14-15 mm. Head white. Palpi white, base of second joint

black, terminal joint more or less closely irrorated with black. Thorax

white, shoulders narrowly black. Abdomen whitish. Forewings

elongate, rather narrow, costa gently arched, apex pointed, termen

very obliquely rounded; light grey, more or less wholly overlaid with

ochreous-white ; markings blackish ; a rather broad basal fascia, outer

edge obtusely angulated below middle; a moderate irregular-edged

slightly oblique fascia at 2, not reaching dorsum; a rather broad

transverse fascia at 2. with anterior projection above middle, and

containing an irregular white spot in disc sometimes extending to

posterior edge ; an irregular apical spot: cilia whitish. Hindwings

whitish-grey ; cilia whitish.

CargE Conony, Capetown, in February and March (Péringuey,

Lightfoot) ; three specimens. Allied to preceding.

284. Annals of the South African Museum.

GELECHIA CATHARODES, 0. sp.

3. 22 mm. Head and thorax ochreous-white with a few black

scales. Palpi white irrorated with black. Antennal ciliations nearly

1. Abdomen whitish, apical half except anal tuft suffused with grey.

Forewings elongate, narrow, costa slightly arched, apex tolerably

pointed, termen very obliquely rounded ; ochreous-white, irregularly

sprinkled with black, mostly towards margins; an irregular blackish

transverse subbasal streak, shortly extended along dorsum; stigmata

represented by small irregular spots of dense black irroration, plical

beneath first discal and touching it, second discal larger and transverse,

reaching to near dorsum: cilia ochreous-white with a few black specks.

Hindwings whitish-grey ; cilia ochreous-whitish.

Caps Coxtony, Gt. Winthoek, 4500 ft ; one specimen.

Gren. COMPSOLECHIA Meyr.

CoOMPSOLECHIA PERMAGNA, HN. Sp.

2. 30mm. Head, palpi, and thorax whitish-ochreous, with a few

light brownish specks. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa slightly

arched, apex obtuse-pointed, termen very obliquely rounded ; whitish-

ochreous, with scattered light brownish scales; discal stigmata irregular,

light ferruginous-brown, with two or three blackish scales; a cloudy

light ferruginous-brown line along termen, with a few blackish scales :

cilia light ochreous-grey, on costa whitish-ochreous. Hindwings

considerably over 1, termen slightly sinuate; pale grey; cilia whitish-

erey-ochreous.

TRANSVAAL, junction of Limpopo and Marico rivers (Eriksson) ;

one specimen.

GEN. DICHOMERIS Hib.

DICHOMERIS FLUITANS, 0. sp.

S$. 16 mm. Head grey, sidetufts tinged with whitish-ochreous.

Palpi dark grey slightly speckled with whitish, second joint with

scales rather expanded above towards apex and long projecting apical

tuft beneath, terminal joint longer than second, whitish, anterior edge

dark fuscous. Thorax pale ochreous-yellowish dorsally tinged with

grey, shoulders dark fuscous. Abdomen grey, anal tuft whitish-

ochreous. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa gently arched, apex

pointed, termen faintly sinuate, extremely oblique; light ochreous-

yellowish, dorsal half suffused with brownish-ochreous ; a very small

Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 285

dark fuscous spot on base of costa; discal stigmata small, blackish,

an additional dot halfway between first discal and base; an apical

spot of dark fuscous suffusion: cilia pale brownish-ochreous, on costa

pale yellowish. Hindwings iridescent-grey ; cilia light grey.

Narat, Howick (Symons); one specimen.

Gren. ERIDACHTHA Meyr.

ERIDACHTHA COSYMBOTA, Nh. Sp.

6. 15mm. Head ochreous-vellow, crown centrally tinged with

violet-fuscous. Palpi ochreous-yellow, second joint externally tinged

with fuscous except towards apex. Antennae light ochreous-yellowish,

becoming greyish-tinged towards apex. Thorax dark violet-grey.

Abdomen grey, anal tuft pale ochreous. Forewings elongate, rather

narrow, costa slightly arched, apex obtuse-pointed, termen nearly

straight, oblique; 7 and 8 stalked; dark violet-grey, suffusedly

irrorated with dark fuscous ; an obscure cloudy darker spot representing

second discal stigma, edged anteriorly by a small roundish ochreous-

whitish spot: cilia dark fuscous, tips whitish on termen, an ochreous-

whitish costal patch before apex. Hindwings grey, darker towards

apex; cilia pale grey, towards base and tips ochreous-whitish.

Cape Conony, Oudebosch (1500 ft.) and Table Mountain, in

January and February (Barnard) ; three specimens.

Gen. BRACHMIA Hib.

BRACHMIA OCHYROTA, N. Sp.

¢. 13 mm. Head, palpi, antennae and thorax pale ochreous,

second joint of palpi slightly infuscated at base, or sometimes sprinkled

with fuscous. Abdomen whitish-ochreous suffused with pale grey.

Forewings elongate, posteriorly slightly dilated, costa gently

arched, apex obtuse, termen rather obliquely rounded ; 7 and 8 stalked,

7 to apex; pale ochreous, sometimes sprinkled with fuscous; a

blackish dot on base of costa; stigmata black, plical beneath first

discal; a black dot on dorsum beneath second discal, tending to be

connected with it by a faint variable fuscous shade; an almost

marginal series of black dots round posterior part of costa and termen:

cilia pale ochreous. Hindwings whitish-ochreous tinged with grey ;

cilia whitish-ochreous.

Narat, Howick (Fuller); one specimen; also two in my collection

from Pinetown, in September and January (Leigh). Intermediate

between serialis and sterictis.

286 Annals of the South African Museum.

OECOPHORIDAE.

Gey. TANYZANCLA Meyr.

TANYZANCLA DIORYCTA, N. Sp.

gS. 16-17mm. Head, palpi, and thorax greyish-fulvous. Antennal

ciliations 3. Abdomendark grey. Forewings elongate, rather narrow,

costa slightly arched, apex obtuse-pointed, termen nearly straight,

oblique ; deep brownish-fulvous, sometimes variably and suffusedly

mixed with grey; a triangular dark grey blotch on dorsum beyond

middle, reaching more than half across wing, anteriorly edged by a

fine white line; a cloudy irregular dark grey streak from costa at } to

apex of this blotch, preceded on costa by a slight whitish mark; an

oval blotch of ground-colour or light yellow-ochreous in disc above

tornus outlined except above with whitish suffusion or a white line and

then with dark grey; sometimes an apical blotch of hght yellowish

suffusion: cilia rather dark grey, base somewhat mixed with brownish-

fulvous. Hindwings rather dark grey; cilia grey.

Carre Conony, Gt. Winthoek, 4500 ft.; four specimens. Alhed

to chalinitis.

TANYZANCLA SEMISTRICTA, Nn. sp.

dg. 21 mm. Head and thorax pale greyish-ochreous. Palpi

ochreous-whitish sprinkled with fuscous. Abdomen grey-whitish,

segments with basal ochreous bands. Forewing elongate, rather

narrow, costa gently arched, apex pointed, termen very obliquely

rounded ; pale greyish-ochreous with scattered dark fuscous specks ; a

shcrt slender dark fuscous longitudinal streak from base of costa; a

broad irregular dark fuscous longitudinal submedian streak from base to

apex, finely attenuated towards base, irregularly narrowed on apical

portion, upper edge with slight prominences indicating discal stigmata

and finely edged with white between these, beneath with slender irre-

eular branches above and below fold to tornus ; slender irregwar dorsal

and subdorsal dark fuscous streaks from base, meeting just before

tornus: cilia ochreous-grey-whitish. Hindwings pale greyish ; cilia

orey-whitish.

Caps Cotony, Capetown, in May (Barnard) ; one specimen.

Gen. PROTOMACHA Meyr.

PROTOMACHA SOSIGONA, Nl. Sp.

gS. 2lmm. Head white, sidetufts and back of crown tinged with

pale ochreous. Palpi fuscous, terminal joint whitish posteriorly. Thorax

Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 287

pale ochreous-bronzy. Abdomen whitish-ochreous. Forewings elon-

gate, costa moderately arched, apex obtuse-pointed, termen nearly

straight, oblique; pale ochreous-bronzy; a white attenuated streak

along costa from base to *, costal edge dark fuscous towards base ;

stigmata minute, dark fuscous, plical beneath first discal; a curved

subterminal series of indistinct minute dark fuscous dots : cilia whitish-

ochreous. Hindwings pale greyish; cilia grey-whitish, with faint

greyish subbasal shade.

Carr Conony, Zonder End Peak, 3600 ft., in January (Barnard) ;

one specimen.

Gen. DEPRESSARIA Haw.

DEPRESSARIA GRAMMATOPA, Nl. Sp.

2. 18 mm. Head and palpi lght greyish-ochreous (partially

defaced). Thorax light brownish. Abdomen whitish-ochreous slightly

sprinkled with grey. Forewings elongate, rather narrow, costa slightly

arched, apex obtuse, termen very obliquely rounded ; 2 and 3 stalked ;

hight brownish sprinkled with fuscous ; first discal stigma represented

by an extremely oblique black dash, second by a cloudy blackish dot :

cilia pale brownish. Hindwings pale greyish, veins suffusedly darker ;

cilia pale greyish-ochreous.

Care Cotony, Table Mountain, 2500 ft., in November (Barnard) ;

one specimen.

DEPRESSARIA CRYPSICOSMA, N. Sp.

Q@. 20 mm. Head dark fuscous irrorated with white. Palpi

whitish, irregularly sprinkled with grey and blackish, terminal joint

with two bands of blackish irroration. Thorax whitish-ochreous,

anterior half dark fuscous irrorated with white. Abdomen grey-

whitish. Forewings elongate, costa gently arched, apex obtuse, termen

rounded, rather strongly oblique; 2 and 3 stalked; pale yellow-

ochreous ; costal edge fuscous, irrorated with whitish, slightly thickened

posteriorly, united with a broad marginal band of fuscous suffusion

irrorated with whitish extending round apex and termen and continued

more narrowly along dorsum to before middle; first discal stigma

black, distinct, a minute black dot obliquely before and above it,

second represented by an undefined rather dark fuscous dot on edge

of terminal band: cilia light grey sprinkled with whitish. Hindwings

whitish-grey ; cilia grey-whitish.

Cape Coxony, Table Mountain, 2500 ft., in November (Barnard) :

one specimen.

288 Annals of the South African Museum.

DEPRESSARIA COMMUNIS, 0. Sp.

gd. 14-15 mm. Head and thorax whitish-fuscous. Palpi whitish,

slightly sprinkled with fuscous. Abdomen grey-whitish. Forewings

elongate, rather narrow, costa gently arched, apex rounded-obtuse,

termen obliquely rounded; 2 and 5 stalked ; light fuscous, with very

faint pinkish tinge; a black dot towards costa near base ; discal

stigmata small, blackish, a very small additional dot before and above

first, and a few scattered blackish scales towards costa between them,

second stigma sometimes edged anteriorly by a faint whitish dot ;

a marginal series of blackish dots round posterior part of costa and

termen: cilia pale grey. Hindwings grey, lighter towards base ; cila

whitish-grey.

Capt Conony, Table Mountain, in March (Barnard) ; two specimens.

DEPRESSARIA RHODOSCELIS, Ni. Sp.

?. 22mm. Head pale ochreous, crown suffused with hight brownish,

tuft of cilia beneath eye light crimson. Palpi whitish-ochreous sprinkled

with dark grey, second joint suffused externally with rosy-pink. Thorax

pale ochreous, with a blackish longitudinal mark on each side of back

on posterior half. Tibiae partially suffused with rosy-pink. Forewings

elongate, rather narrow, costa gently arched, apex rounded-obtuse,

termen very obliquely rounded ; 2 and 3 stalked; pale ochreous with

a few scattered black scales; a small blackish subdorsal mark near

base: a faint fuscous median streak from base to end of cell, and

cloudy light fuscous lines along veins 4-8, other veins faintly tinged

with fuscous ; first discal stigma minute, black, second represented by

a white dot surrounded by a few black scales; a series of small

indistinct blackish marginal dots round posterior part of costa and

termen: cilia whitish-ochreous mixed with pale grey, faintly rosy-

tinged round apex. Hindwings light grey, whitish-tinged towards

base, apex darker ; cilia ochreous-whitish, with light grey basal line,

round apex suffused with pale grey.

Carre Contony, Gt. Winthoek, 4500 ft.; one specimen.

DEPRESSARIA HOMOGENES, ll. Sp.

2. 18mm. Head whitish-ochreous sprinkled with fuscous, face

whitish. Palpi whitish-grey-ochreous, second joint mixed with black

anteriorly, terminal joint with base and a supramedian band irrorated

with blackish. Thorax greyish-ochreous, posterior extremity grey.

Forewings elongate, rather narrow, costa gently arched, apex obtuse,

termen very obliquely rounded; 2 and 3 stalked; greyish-ochreous ;

Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 289

costa irregularly strigulated with blackish irroration ; a small blackish

mark above dorsum near base, posteriorly suffused with erey ; first

discal stigma represented by a black dot, and another obliquely before

and above it, second by a white dot surrounded by fuscous suffusion,

which forms a cloudy spot before it and a more diffuse patch beyond

it; some small indistinct blackish marginal dots round apex and

termen : cilia pale grey sprinkled with ochreous-whitish. Hindwings

light grey, darker posteriorly ; cilia whitish-ochreous-grey.

Cape Corony, Gt. Winthoek, 4500 ft.; one specimen.

DEPRESSARIA PANURGA, 0. Sp.

?. 17mm. Head brownish. Palpi greyish sprinkled with dark

fuscous, terminal joint whitish with basal and median bands of blackish

irroration. Thorax brownish, anterior and posterior margins marked

with blackish. Abdomen light greyish. Forewings elongate, narrow,

costa gently arched, apex obtuse, termen very obliquely rounded ;

2 and 3 stalked; brown suffused with fuscous except beneath costa on

anterior half, and with rather dark purplish-fuscous on dorsal 2,

darkest towards base; costa marked with small obscure dark fuscous

spots or strigulae from base to * ; discal stigmata rather large, whitish,

first irregularly edged anteriorly with blackish suffusion or irroration,

second preceded by an irregular whitish dot or group of scales almost

connected with it: cilia light fuscous, slightly whitish-sprinkled.

Hindwings light grey ; cilia pale greyish.

Cape Contony, Knysna, in October (Péringuey) ; one specimen.

MELOTELES, n. g.

Head smooth, side-tufts slightly raised; ocelli small, posterior ;

tongue developed. Antennae #, in @ serrate, minutely ciliated, basal

joint moderate, without pecten. Labial palpi long, recurved, second

joint thickened with appressed scales, slightly roughened beneath,

terminal joint 2 of second, thickened with scales, acute. Maxillary

palpi very short, filiform, appressed to tongue. Posterior tibiae

clothed with hairs above. Forewings with 16 furcate, 2 and 3 stalked

from angle, 7 absent, 11 from middle. Hindwings 1, elongate-ovate,

cilia +; 3 and 4 connate, 5—7 nearly parallel.

MELOTELES XANTHODOXA, 0. Sp.

&o. 14mm. Head, palpi, and thorax yellow-ochreous tinged with

ferruginous. Abdomen pale ochreous. Forewings elongate, costa

gently arched, apex obtuse, termen obliquely rounded ; yellow-ochreous

290 Annals of the South African Museum.

tinged with ferruginous: cilia concolorous. Hindwings and cilia

pale yellow-ochreous.

BECHUANALAND, Gaberones (Miss Marshall) ; one specimen.

Gen. CRYPTOLECHIA Zell.

CRYPTOLECHIA AMMOPLEURA, 0. Sp.

2. 33-34 mm. Head and thorax brownish, pale-speckled, side-

tufts of crown raised and connivent. Palpi pale rosy-pink speckled

with fuscous. Abdomen brown-whitish. Forewings suboblong, pos-

teriorly rather dilated, costa gently arched, apex obtuse, termen nearly

straight, little oblique; light grey-brownish, with very obscure

irregular transverse striation of purple-fuscous speckling; discal

stigmata represented by small faint cloudy spots of similar speckling ;

costal edge sometimes tinged with pale rosy-pink: cilia pale brownish-

erey, basal half speckled with purplish-fuscous. Hindwings and cilia

ochreous-whitish, cilia with very faint rosy tinge.

Carr Cotony, Capetown, two specimens, bred from larvae feeding

in base of receptacle of Protea mellifera (Proteaceae), pupa stated to

be like that of Lycaena in shape and attachment. Pupa-case sent, but

broken in transit ; apparently pupa sat erect on truncate abdomen (as

in several other genera of the Depressariad group) ; surface of pupa-

skin curiously freckled with very numerous small groups of minute

papillae.

BRIAROSTOMA, n. g.

Head with appressed scales ; ocelli posterior; tongue developed.

Antennae “, basal joint moderate, with pecten. Labial palpi extremely

long, straight, porrected, second joint very long, expanded with long

rough projecting scales above and beneath, terminal joint short,

slender, pointed. Maxillary palpi rudimentary. Posterior tibiae

clothed with hairs above. Forewings with 1b furcate, 2 from towards

angle, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa, 11 from somewhat before middle.

Hindwings 1, elongate-ovate, pointed, cilia {; 3 and 4 connate, 5—7

parallel.

Perhaps near Diocosma.

BRIAROSTOMA PYRRHOPSAMMA, Ni. Sp.

Q. 19 mm. Head and thorax whitish-ochreous faintly rosy-

tinged. Palpi ochreous-whitish tinged with rosy, irrorated with dark

fuscous. Forewings elongate, costa moderately arched, apex tolerably

Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 291

pointed, termen very oblique, hardly rounded; ferruginous: cilia

hight ferruginous, on costa rosy-tinged. _Hindwings and cilia ochreous-

whitish, cilia faintly rosy-tinged.

Carr Conony, Zonder End Peak, 3600 ft., in January (Barnard).

Not in good condition, but a distinct form.

Gren. ISOCRITA Meyr.

TsocriIta ITHYDOXA, Nl. Sp.

g. 12mm. Head ochreous-whitish. Palpi whitish, second joint

infuscated towards apex, terminal joint suffused with dark fuscous

anteriorly. Thorax fuscous mixed with whitish, shoulders dark

fuscous. Abdomen light greyish. Forewings elongate, costa gently

arched, apex produced, acute, termen extremely obliquely rounded ;

light brownish, irregularly suffused with whitish and sprinkled with

fuscous ; a rather broad dark fuscous streak from base of costa to

termen beneath apex, posterior half suffused with ground-colour

beneath: cilia pale grey mixed with whitish towards base (imperfect).

Hindwings pale grey ; cilia whitish-grey.

CapE Cotony, Upington, in January (Fath. R. Sollier) ; one specimen.

XYLOR YC RIDA

Gen. EPORYCTA Meyr.

EPORYCTA CHIONAULA, Ni. Sp.

6. 29 mm. Head white, crown partially suffused with pale

ochreous. Palpi white, suffused with ochreous-grey anteriorly.

Antennal pectinations 1, ciated. Thorax light ochreous mixed with

grey, with a white streak on inner side of patagia. Abdomen whitish,

segments with coppery bands. Forewings elongate, costa slightly

arched, apex obtuse, termen slightly rounded, rather strongly oblique ;

light ochreous suffusedly mixed with grey, especially on veins ; markings

shining snow-white ; a streak along costa from base almost to apex,

cut by lines of ground-colour on veins 9-11; a moderate streak from

base above middle to termen beneath apex, on posterior fourth bisected

by a line of ground-colour; streaks between veins 2-5, uppermost very

slender and short; streaks above and beneath vein 1b, lower one not

extended quite to its apex: cilia white, barred with grey on apex,

292 Annals of the South African Museum.

suffused with light grey on lower part of termen, becoming darker

towards tornus. Hindwings light greyish-ochreous ; cilia white.

ORANGE FREE State, Smithfield (Kannemeyer) ; one specimen.

ASAPHARCHA, n. g

Head with appressed scales, sidetufts loosely raised ; ocelli small,

posterior; tongue developed. Antennae $, in ¢ serrulate, shortly

ciliated, basal joint moderate, without pecten. Labial palpi long,

curved, ascending, second joint reaching base of antennae, much

thickened with dense appressed scales, terminal joint as long as

second, moderate, acute. Maxillary palpi very short, filiform, appressed

to tongue. Anterior tarsi moderate, rather longer than tibiae ; posterior

tibiae clothed with dense rough scales above. Forewings with 1b long-

furcate, 2 from angle, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa, 11 from middle.

Hindwings 1, trapezoidal-ovate, termen faintly sinuate, cilia }; 3 and

4 connate, 5 rather approximated, 6 and 7 approximated towards base.

Perhaps related to Thalamarchis.

ASAPHARCHA STRIGIFERA, Nl. Sp.

g 9. 17-18 mm. Head and palpi ochreous-yellow, base of palpi

with a few dark fuscous scales. Thorax ochreous-whitish, anterior

margin irregularly marked with dark fuscous suffusion. Abdomen

fuscous. Forewings elongate, costa gently arched, apex obtuse, termen

slightly rounded, somewhat oblique; ochreous-whitish, costal edge

ochreous-yellow ; irregularly strewn dark fuscous transverse strigulae

arranged along costa from base to about 3, and forming a sparse

irregular group towards median third of dorsum, and a denser patch

suffused in centre between cell and termen; stigmata dark fuscous,

plical somewhat elongate, beneath first discal: cilia whitish-yellowish

barred with dark fuscous irroration. Hindwings rather dark grey ;

cilia whitish-yellowish, with faint greyish subbasal shade.

TRANSVAAL, junction of Crocodile and Marico rivers, in February

(R. Tucker) ; two specimens.

ORNEODIDAE.

I have set forth elsewhere (Exotic Micro-lepidoptera, vol. i, p. 555)

the evidence on which I now assign this family to the Tineina, as

a development from the Copromorphidae.

Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 293:

GEN. ORNEODES Latr.

ORNEODES HABROPHILA, Ni. Sp.

36. 14mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen whitish; palpi 23,

porrected, second joint with rough projecting hairscales above and

beneath, terminal joint half second. Forewings whitish; faint

indications of ochreous-yellowish fasciae before and beyond middle,

principally on cilia; a narrow grey fascia sprinkled with blackish

crossing segments 38-6 at 4 of wing, principally marked on cilia,

slenderest on 3: cilia otherwise whitish. Hindwings whitish; an

ochreous-yellowish fascia crossing segments 2—6 at 1, narrowest on 2,

slightly fuscous-edged posteriorly ; cilia whitish, on fascia yellowish.

ZuLuLAND, Eshowe (Marley); one specimen. Also Navan, Pine-

town, in January (Leigh), one specimen in my collection; expanse

16 mm., forewings with distinct but undefined median fascia of

ochreous-yellow suffusion, fascia of hindwings more strongly edged

with fuscous.

ORNEODES BRACHYZONA, H. Sp.

¢. 18 mm. Head white. Palpi 23, subascending, white, second

jomt thickened with scales projecting beneath towards apex, suffused

with pale ochreous with a lateral streak of dark fuscous irroration

except towards apex, terminal joint half second. Thorax grey,

anterior third ochreous-white. Abdomen ochreous-whitish, two basal

segments grey, third dark fuscous preceded by some white irroration.

Forewings white; a blackish-grey basal patch extending on costa

to + and on dorsum to 1; a blackish dot on costa at 1; a blackish-

grey fascia crossing segments 2—5 before middle, connected on fifth

with basal patch; a narrow curved yellow-ochreous median fascia

crossing wing just beyond this, slightly sprinkled with blackish-grey ;

a narrow irregular rather curved blackish-grey fascia mixed with

whitish crossing segments 2-6 at 2, completed on first segment by

a yellow-ochreous spot sprinkled with grey; an ochreous-yellowish

grey-sprinkled dot on costa at 3; a blackish dot on each segment before

tip: cila white, on antemedian and postmedian fasciae blackish-grey.

Hindwings white; base suffused with blackish-grey ; transverse series

of small yellowish spots sprinkled with blackish at 1 and 2, a series of

blackish dots before these, two between them, and one beyond them

towards tip; cilia white.

Care Cotony, Abraham’s Kraal, in April (Mrs. v. d. Bijl); one

specimen.

294. Annals of the South African Museum.

GLY PHIPTERYGIDAE.

Gen. PHYCODES Guen.

PHYCODES PSELIOTA, ll. Sp.

Q. 16 mm. Head grey. Palpi white, terminal joint grey.

Thorax dark grey sprinkled with whitish. Abdomen grey. Fore-

wings elongate, posteriorly somewhat dilated, costa nearly straight,

rather arched towards apex, apex obtuse, termen nearly straight,

somewhat oblique; blackish-grey, with close fine transverse striation

of whitish points; direct transverse blackish fasciae bordered with

violet-silvery-metallic streaks at + and 2; blackish spots margined

with violet-silvery-metallic streaks at apex and tornus: cilia violet-

erey, above tornus with a patch of blue suffusion. Hindwings dark

fuscous; an undefined patch of ochreous-yellow suffusion occupying

central portion of disc and extending to near base and dorsum; cilia

ochreous-whitish, with dark fuscous basal line.

Nara, Durban (Marley); one specimen. Allied to adjectella, but

distinct by yellow hindwings.

Gren. ATYCHIA Latr.

ATYCHIA INFANDA, 0. Sp.

3. 17-18 mm. 9. 22 mm. Head and thorax blue-blackish,

hairs of collar mixed with pale ochreous. Palpi blackish, white at

base and beneath. Antennae blackish, in ¢ unipectinated with short

stout lamellae (14). Abdomen blackish, segmental margins in ¢ mixed

with grey-whitish, in 9 dark grey. Forewings elongate, posteriorly

dilated, costa slightly arched, apex rounded-obtuse. termen rounded,

somewhat oblique; dark bronzy-fuscous, with a faint purplish tinge:

cilia dark fuscous, extreme tips whitish round apex. Hindwings dark

fuscous; a small irregular suffused ochreous-whitish spot in dise

slightly before middle, and a smaller one midway between this and

tornus ; cilia fuscous, with dark fuscous subbasal line, tips whitish.

Care Cotony, Gt. Winthoek, 4500 ft.; three specimens. Allied

to guiris, but seems constant.

ATYCHIA NYCTEROPIS, Nl. Sp.

¢g. 183mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen blackish. Palpi blackish,

white towards base and beneath. Antennae blackish, much thickened

Descriptions of South African Micro- Lepidoptera. 295

with scales, not pectinated. Forewings elongate, posteriorly dilated,

costa slightly arched, apex rounded, termen rounded, somewhat oblique ;

2 and 3 stalked; blackish, with a faint purple tinge: cilia dark

fuscous, extreme tips whitish. Hindwings blackish-fuscous ; cilia dark

fuscous, extreme tips whitish.

Carr Conony, Gt. Winthoek, 4500 ft. ; one specimen.

GEN. SIMAETHIS Leach.

SIMAETHIS ENTECHNA, ND. Sp.

2. 10mm. Head and thorax blackish speckled with whitish, face

and palpi white sprinkled with dark fuscous. Abdomen dark grey.

Forewings somewhat elongate-triangular, costa moderately arched, apex

obtuse, termen slightly rounded, somewhat oblique ; blackish ; a very

irregular cloudy pale ochreous-yellowish transverse line at 2, costal

extremity white, preceded and followed by fasciae of white irroration ;

two cloudy ochreous-whitish dots transversely placed in disc beyond

middle; a transverse white mark from costa at 2,and an inwardly

oblique white mark from dorsum at 2, with some irregular ochreous-

whitish and chestnut-brown suffusion indicating a connecting line; an

elongate patch of chestnut-brown suffusion beneath costa from before

middle to near apex, terminated by an irregular pale ochreous apical

blotch, slenderly connected on margin with a small spot on middle of

termen ; an undefined fascia of scanty white irroration from 3 of costa

to tornus: cilia greyish with two blackish shades, with small whitish

patches above and below middle of termen. Hindwings dark fuscous ;

an irregular yellow-ochreous blotch in disc beyond middle ; a yellow-

ochreous marginal line round apex ; cilia whitish, with dark fuscous

subbasal line, tinged with reddish basally towards middle of termen.

Narat, Durban (Marley) ; one specimen.

Gen. GLYPHIPTERYX Hib.

GLYPHIPTERYX AMPHIPEDA, N. Sp.

2. 12mm. Head and thorax dark bronzy (defaced). Palpi with

whorls of dark fuscous white-tipped scales (defaced). Abdomen grey.

Forewings elongate, costa gently arched, apex pointed, termen somewhat

sinuate, very oblique; golden-bronze; markings violet-silvery-whitish

irregularly edged with blackish scales ; a rather narrow fascia from

costa near base to before middle of dorsum, and another from 2 of

costa to % of dorsum; an oblique streak from middle of costa reaching

‘half across wing; a narrow slightly sinuate fascia from 3 of costa to *

of dorsum, and one nearly staight from 2 of costa to tornus ; a small

296 Annals of the South African Museum.

wedge-shaped mark on costa before apex; an elongate blackish mark

along upper part of termen, containing two silvery dots: cilia white,

with a grey patch round apex, on lower part of termen with a blackish

basal line. Hindwings and cilia pale grey.

Carr Conony, Gt. Winthoek, 4000 ft., in April; one specimen, not in

good condition, but the species is very distinct and easy of recognition.

GLYPHIPTERYX DIPLOTOXA, h. Sp-

gd. 11 mm. Head and thorax dark bronzy-fuscous, with a fine

white line on side of crown. Palpi with whorls of black white-tipped

scales, roughly projecting at apex of second joint beneath. Abdomen

dark grey. Forewings elongate, costa gently arched, apex obtuse,

termen slightly sinuate, oblique ; dark bronzy-fuscous, posterior half

largely suffused with pale bronzy-ochreous ; markings shining white; a

rather oblique fasciate streak from dorsum at + reaching } across wing,

apex truncate; a narrow slightly curved fascia from before middle of

costa to beyond middle of dorsum, rather widened downwards ; a

narrow slightly curved or bent pale silvery-grey fascia, white on costa,

from 2 of costa to dorsum before tornus, edged with dark fuscous

anteriorly ; three small spots on costa between this and apex ; two

silvery spots along upper and lower parts of termen, upper edged above

by a small black apical spot: cilia white, base within a black median

line pale bronzy, indented with white beneath apex, on costa above

apex deeper bronze with a blackish projecting apical hook. Hindwings

grey ; cilia grey, round apex with outer half whitish-grey.

Carpet Conony, Table Mountain, in February (Barnard) ; one

specimen.

GLYPHIPTERYX CLIMACASPIS, nN. Sp.

go @. 10-16 mm. Head dark bronzy-fuscous. Palpi with four

whorls of black white-tipped scales, anterior edge of terminal joint

black. Thorax dark bronze. Abdomen grey. Forewings elongate,

costa gently arched, apex obtuse, termen sinuate, very oblique; ¢ and

8 stalked in g, separate in @; pale shining golden-bronze ; costal

edge more or less suffused with grey; markings shining silvery-

metallic-whitish edged with dark grey; a longitudinal streak from

base above middle to 2; a streak along fold from base, beyond apex

of preceding bent obliquely down and continued to dorsum at }; five

streaks from costa, first three oblique, first from somewhat before

middle, reaching * across wing, sometimes touching praetornal streak,

second reaching } across wing, approaching apex of praetornal streak,

Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 297

third longer, more or less incurved, touching apex of post-tornal

streak, fourth short, direct, fifth running to termen above middle;

erect praetornal and post-tornal streaks tinged with violet-golden

joimed by three black bars usually interrupted to form six spots; a

short slender streak on apical edge: cilia whitish-grey, .basal half

‘within a bronzy line silvery-metallic. Hindwings grey; cilia whitish-

erey.

Cape Conony, Table Mountain (2500 ft.), Zonder End Peak

(3600 ft.), Hottentot-Holland Mts. (4000 ft.), from November to

March (Barnard) ; ten specimens.

GEN. CHRYSOCENTRIS Meyr.

CHRYSOCENTRIS URANIA, D. Sp.

$2. 13-14 mm. Head light yellow-ochreous (rubbed). Palpi

whitish-ochreous, second joint with three blackish rings, with long

roughly projecting whitish-ochreous hair-scales beneath, anterior end

of terminal joint blackish. Thorax pale bronzy-ochreous transversely

barred with blackish (rubbed). Abdomen blackish, segmental margins

in 2 whitish. Forewings elongate, posteriorly rather dilated, costa

gently arched, apex obtuse, termen obliquely rounded ; ochreous-bronze ;

numerous small blue or violet-metallic spots partly edged with blackish,

viz. a series of about eight transverse marks from costa, posteriorly

becoming pale ochreous on costa, about eighteen variable spots arranged

in three irregular longitudinal series in disc, and a terminal series of

dots: cilia pale ochreous, on basal half ochreous-bronze, suffusedly

barred with blackish. Hindwings black; in ? several quadrate white

spots in dise, very obscurely indicated in g ; several small white spots

towards apex, and a series along termen, in 9 distinct, in ¢ more

suffused ; cilia grey, with blackish subbasal shade, obscurely barred

with whitish suffusion.

Nartat, Inchanga and Krantzkop, in November (Barnard) ; three

specimens.

ELACHISTIDAE.

Gen. ELACHISTA Treitsch.

ELACHISTA MERIMNAEA, 0. Sp.

gd. 11mm. Head, palpi, and thorax white. Abdomen light grey.

Forewings lanceolate; white, with scattered fuscous specks, denser

298 Annals of the South African Museum.

towards posterior part of dorsum, and forming a small spot of irrora-

tion on costa before apex: cilia white, with a few fuscous specks, above

apex with a spot of fuscous suffusion. Hindwings grey-whitish ; cilia

yellow-whitish.

Carge Cotony, Matroosberg, 3500 ft., in November (Lightfoot) ; one

specimen.

SCYTHRIDAE.

Gren. SCYTHRIS Hib.

ScyTHRIS MELIGASTRA, Nl. Sp.

2. 17 mm. Head yellow-ochreous. Palpi ochreous - whitish,

terminal joint and upper part of second anteriorly dark fuscous.

Thorax ochreous - grey. Abdomen yellow - ochreous. Forewings

elongate-lanceolate ; ochreous-grey ; plical and second discal stigmata

blackish: cilia ochreous-grey. Hindwings with 4 and 5. stalked ;

fuscous ; cilia ochreous-grey, paler towards tips.

S. W. Prorecrorate, Narugas, in January (Lightfoot); one

specimen.

ScYTHRIS EXSOLUTA, 0. sp.

6. 20mm. Head, palpi, and thorax light grey. Antennal cilia-

tions 13. Abdomen light greyish-ochreous. Forewings elongate,

narrow, costa slightly arched, apex acute, termen slightly sinuate,

extremely oblique; grey, with an elongate patch of whitish suffusion

in disc before middle, and obscurely mixed with whitish posteriorly ;

second discal stigma obscurely darker: cilia light grey mixed with

whitish. Hindwings with 4 and 5 stalked; pale grey; cilia pale

ereyish-ochreous.

Cape Conony, Gt. Winthoek, 4000 ft., in April; one specimen.

ScCYTHRIS DIMENSA, 0. sp.

6. 10mm. Head, palpi, and thorax dark purple-grey. Antennal

ciliations 3. Abdomen dark grey. Forewings elongate-lanceolate ;

dark iridescent-purple-grey ; a sharply defined rather narrow whitish

median longitudinal streak from base to 2: cilia grey, towards base

suffused with purplish. Hindwings with 4 and 5 separate; dark grey ;

cilia grey.

Narat, Durban, in March (Marley) ; one specimen.

Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 299

PTEROLONCHIDAE.

ANATHYRSA, n. g.

Head loosely rough-haired above, sidetufts raised, spreading, face

with appressed scales; ocelli small, posterior; tongue absent.

Antennae nearly 1, basal joimt moderate, with pecten. Labial palpi

very long, nearly straight, ascending, second joint very long, thickened

with dense scales, with long rough hair-scales above on posterior half

to apex, terminal joint less than half second, projecting from apical

hairs, slender, filiform, hardly pointed. Maxillary palpi absent,

Posterior tibiae clothed with long hairs above. Forewings with 1b

furcate, 2 from +, 3 from angle, 7 to costa, 8 absent, 9 and 10 from

near 7, 11 from before middle. Hindwings under 1, ovate-lanceolate,

cilia over 1 ; 2-7 separate, nearly parallel, transverse vein from 3 to 4

outwards-oblique.

A remarkable and interesting form. In one forewing of one specimen

veins 5 and 6 are stalked—doubtless only a chance abnormality.

ANATHYRSA MACROXYLA, DN. sp.

Q. 30-34 mm. Head white, crown tinged with pale brownish-

ochreous posteriorly. Palpi fuscous, terminal joint and long hairs of

second white. Thorax white, anterior half tinged with pale brownish-

ochreous. Abdomen whitish. Forewings very elongate, rather narrow,

costa gently arched, apex pointed, termen faintly sinuate, extremely

oblique ; shining white ; a thick brown supramedian longitudinal stripe

from base to apex: cilia white. Hindwings ochreous-whitish ; cilia

ochreous-whitish, more yellowish-tinged towards base.

Cargk Conony, Capetown, in December and February; three

specimens.

COLEOPHORIDAE.

Gen. COLEOPHORA Hib.

COLEOPHORA NIPHOCROSSA, N. sp.

Q. 12mm. Head and palpi white, centre of crown pale yellowish.

Antennae white ringed with fuscous, basal jomt roughly tufted

anteriorly, base of stalk thickened with loose scales. Thorax white,

patagia and a central stripe pale yellowish. Abdomen grey, segmental

margins suffused with white. Forewings narrowly elongate-lanceolate ;

rather dark bronzy-brown, dorsal area suffused with bronzy-ochreous ;

300 Annals of the South African Museum.

a narrow white costal streak from base to +; a slender white dorsal

streak from base to near tornus: cilia light grey, on costa white

except towards apex. Hindwings pale grey; cilia whitish-grey.

Carre Conony, Capetown, in January (Barnard); one specimen.

SANDALOECA, n. g.

Head smooth; tongue short. Antennae ®, basa] joint moderate,

without pecten. Labial palpi very long, straight, porrected, second

jomt thickened with appressed scales, rather roughly projecting

beneath towards apex, terminal joint short, loosely scaled, tolerably

obtuse. Maxillary palpi obsolete. Posterior tibiae clothed with long

hairs above. Forewings with 2 from angle, 2-4 approximated, 5 and 6

absent, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa, 9 approximated, 11 from rather

before middle. Hindwings 2, narrow-lanceolate, cilia 3; cell open

between 3 and 5, 4 absent, 5 and 7 approximated towards base.

SANDALOECA LATHRAEA, Nl. Sp.

?. 89mm. Head and thorax pale glossy grey. Palpi whitish,

dark fuscous on basal half and beneath throughout. Abdomen light

grey. Forewings lanceolate; light glossy grey; a broad suffused

glossy white costal streak from base to 4, pointed posteriorly: cilia

whitish-grey. Hindwings very pale bluish-grey ; cilia whitish-ochreous.

Carr Cotony, Steenbrass, Caledon district (Barnard). Bred from

portable cases attached to grass-stems (apparently); case elongate,

6 mm. x 2°5 mm., widest about middle and narrowed towards ex-

tremities, convex dorsally and with lateral downward-curved flaps so

as to be concave ventrally (thus partially stem-clasping), surface even,

pale greyish-ochreous, papery, formed of minute filamentous fragments

of dubious nature.

ENSCEPASTRA, n. g.

Head smooth ; ocelli posterior ; tongue developed. Antennae nearly

1, in ¢ simple, basal joint moderately elongate, without pecten.

Labial palpi long, straight, porrected, second joint thickened with

loose rough scales above and beneath, terminal joint about } of

second, in ¢ slender, porrected, in Q concealed in loose rough scales.

Maxillary palpi obsolete. Posterior tibiae clothed with hairs above.

Forewings with 2 from angle, 2-4 approximated, 5 absent, 6 and 7

stalked, 7 to costa, 8 absent, 11 from middle. Hindwings 3}, narrow-

lanceolate, cilia 5; 5 and 4 absent, cell open between 2 and 5, 5 and 6

stalked, 7 closely approximated at base.

Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 301

ENSCEPASTRA PLAGIOPA, D. Sp.

fo @. 1-15 mm. Head and thorax grey, suffusedly mixed with

white. Palpi grey sprinkled with white. Abdomen whitish-grey.

Forewings narrowly elongate-lanceolate, apex rather produced ; grey,

closely and suffusedly irrorated with white, in ¢ sometimes almost

wholly whitish; plical and first discal stigmata distinct, blackish,

plical obliquely anterior: cilia ochreous-whitish, in 9 greyish-tinged.

Hindwings pale grey; cilia ochreous-whitish.

Capg Cotony, Table Mountain, in February (Barnard); four

specimens.

PLUTELLIDAE.

GEN. PISINIDEA Butl.

PISINIDEA EXSUPERANS, 0. Sp.

¢. 18mm. Head, palpi, and thorax fuscous suffusedly irrorated

with whitish, forehead without projecting tuft, palpi 6. Abdomen

fuscous, segmental margins whitish. Forewings elongate, costa gently

arched, apex obtuse-pointed, termen nearly straight, rather strongly

oblique; fuscous finely and suffusedly irrorated with whitish, with a

few scattered dark fuscous scales ; an obscure streak of pale ochreous

suffusion along fold; a small dark fuscous spot beneath costa near

base, and two others representing discal stigmata, these three connected

by white suffusion ; a series of dark fuscous linear dots round posterior

part of costa and termen: cilia whitish speckled with fuscous. Hind-

wings grey; cilia as in forewings.

Cape CouLony, Capetown, in April (Haughton); one specimen.

Except in the absence of frontal tuft, this species agrees in all respects

with the structure of the South American genus Pisinidea.

LYONETIADAH.

Guy. BUCCULATRIX Zell.

BuccuLaTRIxX AGILIS, 0. sp.

3g 2. 7mm. Head whitish-grey, more or less mixed with dark

fuscous. Thorax grey-whitish irrorated with black. Abdomen light

302 Annals of the South African Museum.

grey. Forewings lanceolate; whitish irrorated with black; the white

eround-colour forms a more or less developed oblique streak from

middle of dorsum; an oblique blackish streak from 2 of costa to near

tornus, obscured by the dark irroration : cilia whitish-grey, round apex

white with lines of black irroration. Hindwings grey ; cilia pale grey.

Carr Contony, Kimberley, bred in July from larvae feeding on

Acacia horrida (Lightfoot) ; five specimens.

TINEIDAE.

Gen. TINEA Linn.

TINEA TRILINGUIS, Nl. Sp.

g 2. 11-18 mm. Head fulvous. Antennae ochreous-whitish.

Thorax dark purple-fuscous, with a whitish-ochreous median stripe.

Abdomen whitish-grey. Forewings elongate-lanceolate ; 4 and 5, or

5 and 6 sometimes short-stalked (inconstant), 7 and 8 stalked; pale

ochreous; a broad dark purplish-fuscous median longitudinal streak

from base to apex and upper part of termen, extending at base to

costa and dorsum: cilia whitish-ochreous, at apex with a dark fuscous

bar. Hindwings with 5 and 6 stalked; light grey; cilia whitish.

Carr Conony, Gt. Winthoek, 4500 ft.; two specimens.

TINEA SPILOCOMA, Ni. Sp.

gd. 8mm. Head whitish, lower part of face blackish, two blackish

spots between antennae. Palpi blackish. Thorax ochreous-whitish,

anterior half blackish. Abdomen grey. Forewings elongate, rather

narrow, costa gently arched, apex tolerably pointed, termen very obliquely

rounded; light ochreous-brown, irregularly mixed with blackish;

costal 2 blackish, crossed by an oblique whitish streak at 4, a

broader oblique rhomboidal white spot before middle, two parallel

oblique white lines at 2, and an inwardly oblique white mark before

apex; about six irregular black marks or short rather oblique spots

from dorsum, separated by white suffusion; a slender irregular black

terminal streak, edged with white anteriorly: cilia whitish-ochreous,

basal third suffusedly mixed with blackish, at apex forming a black

spot edged above and below by white spots. Hindwings rather dark

purplish-grey ; cilia grey.

Carre Conony, Hottentot-Holland Mountains, 3000 ft., in March

(Barnard). A notable species, more like cloacella than any other

African form.

Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 303

TINEA CRAUROTA, 0. Sp.

6. 10mm. Head ochreous-whitish (partly rubbed). Palpi dark

fuscous, apex of joints whitish. Antennae almost 1, grey. Thorax

greyish-ochreous, shoulders mixed with dark fuscous. Abdomen

whitish-grey, anal tuft whitish. Forewings elongate, rather narrow,

costa gently arched, apex pointed, termen extremely obliquely rounded ;

5 and 6 stalked, 7 and 8 stalked; greyish-ochreous, coarsely sprinkled

with fuscous; costa suffused with fuscous anteriorly; stigmata

represented by rather large roundish fuscous spots mixed with

darker, plical obliquely before first discal; margins posteriorly

suffusedly mixed with fuscous; cilia pale greyish-ochreous, basal

half obscurely barred with fuscous. Hindwings with 5 and 6 stalked;

light slaty-grey ; cilia whitish-grey.

CarE Cotony, Capetown, in January (Barnard) ; one specimen.

TINEA FORTUITA, N. Sp.

6. 13mm. Head pale ochreous, face and sides of crown suffused

with ferruginous. Palpi and antennae dark fuscous. Thorax pale

ochreous tinged with ferruginous anteriorly, shoulders dark fuscous.

Abdomen grey. Forewings elongate, rather narrow, costa moderately

arched, apex pointed, termen extremely obliquely rounded; shining

pale bronzy-ochreous, with several minute scattered blackish dots,

variable in position except one on end of cell; costal edge dark

fuscous towards base: cilia whitish-grey. Hindwinegs and _ cilia

light grey.

Carr Cotony, Hottentot-Holland Mountains (Barnard); one

specimen.

TINEA CHALCOXESTA, ND. Sp.

Sd. 14 mm. Head yellow-whitish. Antennae light greyish.

Thorax light bronzy. Abdomen grey. Forewings elongate, rather

narrow, costa gently arched, apex pointed, termen very obliquely

rounded; light shining brassy-bronze: cilia pale grey. Hindwings

light prismatic grey; cilia pale grey.

Carré Conony, Gt. Winthoek, 4500 ft.; two specimens.

Gen. MYRMECOZELA Staint.

MyrMECOZELA TERRITA, Ni. Sp.

S$. 22 mm. Head ochreous-whitish with a few fuscous hairs

Palpi whitish, second joint mixed with dark fuscous except apex.

304 Annals of the South African Museum.

Thorax pale violet-grey mixed with dark fuscous, apex of patagia

pale reddish-grey. Abdomen pale greyish-ochreous. Forewings elon-

gate, narrow, costa gently arched, apex obtuse, termen very obliquely

rounded ; light violet-grey irrorated with dark fuscous ; a subcostal

series of small blackish spots from near base to beyond middle, and

costa spotted with dark posteriorly ; a cloudy spot of blackish suffusion

in dise at 2, preceded by some pale suffusion: cilia pale grey sprinkled

with dark fuscous. Hindwings grey, with slight brassy tinge; cilia

pale grey.

Cape Cotony, Capetown, in March (Keytel); one specimen. The

venus Myrmecozela absorbs and supersedes Amydria.

HOMALOPSYCHA, n. g.

Head densely rough-haired ; ocelli small, posterior ; tongue obsolete.

Antennae 8, in ¢ serrulate, simple, basal joint moderate, with pecten.

Labial palpi moderate, porrected, second joint tufted with dense rough

scales beneath, with several projecting lateral bristles, terminal joint

much shorter than second, subascending, loosely scaled, tolerably

obtuse. Maxillary palpi rather long, several-jointed, folded, filiform.

Forewings with 1b fureate, 2 from angle, 7 to costa, 11 from +.

Hindwings 1, elongate-ovate, cilia !; 2-7 separate, 5 and 6 somewhat

approximated at base.

Difters from Prothinodes by short terminal joint of palpi, and from

Lipomering by presence of lateral bristles, but probably allied to both.

HOMALOPSYCHA AESTUARIA, 0. Sp.

¢. 20-21 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax pale ochreous-yellowish.

Antennae whitish-grey. Abdomen grey. Forewings elongate, narrow,

costa gently arched, apex obtuse-pointed, termen extremely obliquely

rounded; pale ochreous-yellowish or whitish-ochreous, dorsal area

beneath fold somewhat deeper; four or five scattered blackish specks

along fold; costal edge dark grey towards base; a cloudy longitudinal

streak of grey suffusion from base beneath costa, sometimes blackish

towards base, becoming lighter posteriorly and at middle, separating

into two arms composed of faint cloudy neural lines, upper running to

posterior portion of costa, lower to lower portion of termen, included

area more whitish-tinged, especially towards apex: cilia whitish-

ochreous, with whitish apical bar and patches of obscure grey speckling

above and below this. Hindwings rather dark grey; cilia pale grey.

Carr Coxony, Gt. Winthoek, 4500 ft.; four specimens.

Descriptions of South African Micro- Lepidoptera. 305

OCHETOXENA, n. g.

Head shortly rough-haired on crown, face with appressed hairs ;

ocelli small, posterior; tongue short, slender. Antennae } (?), in

¢ very shortly ciated, basal joint slender, without pecten. Labial

palpi moderately long, obliquely ascending, slender, second joint

shortly rough-scaled beneath, terminal joint shorter than second,

tolerably pointed. Maxillary palpi very short, filiform, porrected.

Posterior tibiae rough-scaled above. Forewings with 1b furcate, 2

from angle, 3—5 slightly approximated, 7 to termen, 8-10 from near

end of cell, 11 from middle, secondary cell defined. Hindwings 1,

trapezoidal-ovate, cilia }; 2 remote, 3 and 4 parallel, 3 from angle, 5

and 6 somewhat approximated towards base, 7 parallel.

Apparently allied to Mesopherna.

OCHETOXENA PHANERAULA, Nl. Sp.

SQ. 23-24 mm. Head and palpi grey. Thorax brown, anteriorly

suffused. with grey. Abdomen whitish-grey. Forewings elongate,

moderate, costa gently arched, apex obtuse-pointed, more pointed in

®, termen faintly sinuate, oblique; brown; costal edge fuscous,

darker towards base; a moderately broad shining white median

longitudinal streak from base to apex, narrowed at extremities: cilia

whitish-grey. Hindwings pale grey; cilia whitish.

Carre Conony, Zonder End Peak, 3600 ft., in January (Barnard) ;

two specimens.

IDIOTECHNA, n. g.

Head with short loose rough hairs; ocelli posterior; tongue

developed. Antennae 3, in ¢ minutely pubescent, basal joint

moderately elongate, with pecten. Labial palpi moderate, porrected,

slender, loosely sealed, terminal joint as long as second, tolerably

pointed. Maxillary palpi several-jointed, folded, filiform. Posterior

tibiae smooth. Forewings with 1b furcate, 2 from angle, 7 to termen,

8-10 rather approximated, 11 from before middle. Hindwings 1,

trapezoidal-ovate, cilia 5; 2-7 separate, tolerably parallel, 2 widely

remote, 3 from angle.

Allied to preceding.

IDIOTECHNA FURCIFERA, 0. Sp.

¢. 20mm. Head white. Palpi white, with a grey lateral line.

Thorax white, outer edge of patagia light bronze. Abdomen dark

306 Annals of the South African Museum.

erey, anal tuft whitish. Forewings elongate, rather narrow, costa

gently arched, apex obtuse-pointed, termen slightly rounded, rather

strongly oblique; shining bronze; markings snow-white; a costal

streak from near base to #, attenuated posteriorly, costal edge dark

fuscous anteriorly ; a slender dorsal streak from base to near tornus ;

a moderately broad streak from middle of base above fold to tornus ;

a moderately broad streak from middle of disc to apex, with a slender

branch from middle of its upper edge running to costa near apex :

cilia grey, basal half white. Hindwings and cilia grey.

Cape Conony, Matroosberg, 3500 ft., in November (Lightfoot) ;

one specimen.

Gren. LATYPICA Meyr.

LATYPICA CRISPA, 0. Sp.

gd. 14 mm. Head and palpi white. Thorax white, with a few

fuscous scales towards anterior margin. Abdomen whitish. Fore-

wings elongate, rather narrow, costa gently arched, apex obtuse-

pointed, termen very obliquely rounded ; white, with scattered brownish-

ochreous scales, especially posteriorly, margins sometimes strigulated

with brown and black scales; markings ochreous or brownish, edged

laterally with black strigulae; a small spot on costa near base ;

subquadrate spots on costa at 4, middle, and 3; more or less developed

spots towards + and middle of dorsum; first discal stigma blackish

edged anteriorly with brownish or ochreous suffusion, second repre-

sented by a blackish transverse mark followed by brownish or ochreous

suffusion; three small spots on costa posteriorly; a submarginal

streak along termen: cilia whitish, with two dark fuscous lines.

Hindwings pale grey or whitish-grey ; cilia ochreous-whitish.

Natat, Durban (Marley); Care Conony, Gt. Winthoek, 4000 ft. ;

two specimens.

Gen. ZELOMORA Meyr.

ZELOMORA PHLYCTIDOTA, h. Sp.

Q. 12 mm. Head and thorax white, shoulders fuscous. Palpi

white, terminal joint longer than second. Abdomen whitish-grey, with

large anal tuft of long hairs. Forewings elongate, costa gently arched,

apex obtuse, termen obliquely rounded ; 7 to termen; white; markings

pale violet-fuscous, their margins suffusedly irrorated with black ;

blotches on costa and dorsum near base; a blotch on costa somewhat

Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 307

before middle, reaching half across wing, and on dorsum beyond

middle opposite to it; an irregular transverse spot from tornus; a

blotch suffusedly irrorated with black on costa towards apex; some

fuscous black-tipped scales on costa before apex and on termen towards

middle: cilia white, somewhat mixed with fuscous on termen. Hind-

wings whitish-grey ; cilia white.

Carre Cotony, Steenbrass (Barnard); one specimen.

Gen. PICROSPORA Meyr.

PICROSPORA LITHACOPA, 0. Sp.

¢. 13 mm. Head white. Palpi fuscous, white above. Thorax

whitish-fuscous. Abdomen grey, anal tuft whitish. Forewings elon-

gate, costa gently arched, apex pointed, termen faintly sinuate, rather

strongly oblique ; fuscous, with some scattered whitish scales, towards

termen with some whitish suffusion ; plical and second discal stigmata

very small, blackish: cilia whitish. Hindwings grey; cilia whitish-

erey.

Care Cotony, Somerset West Mts., 4000 ft. (Barnard); two

specimens. Very similar to the allied Acorostoma medicata, but easily

separated by the quite different palpi.

Gren. MALLOBATHRA Meyr.

MALLOBATHRA ZOPHAULA, 0. Sp.

6. 8mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark grey. Palpi whitish.

Antennae 3, joints closely set, pubescent. Forewings elongate, costa

gently arched, apex obtuse, termen very obliquely rounded; dark

purplish suffusedly mixed with grey and dark grey: cilia grey.

Hindwings grey ; cilia light grey.

Cape Cotony, Table Mountain, 2500 ft., in January (Barnard) ;

two specimens.

ENCELIDOTIS, n. g.

Head loosely rough-haired ; ocelli small, posterior; tongue well

developed. Antennae 4, in ¢ shortly ciliated, basal joint moderate,

with tuft or pecten of scales anteriorly. Labial palpi moderately long,

slender, porrected, loosely scaled throughout, second joint with two or

three apical bristles, terminal joint as long as second, hardly pointed.

Maxillary palpi absent. Posterior tibiae thinly haired above. Fore-

308 Annals of the South African Museum.

wings with 2 from angle, 7 to costa, 11 from before middle. Hindwings

1, elongate-ovate, thinly clothed with long scales, cilia 1; 2-7 tolerably

parallel.

ENCELIDOTIS OCHROPHRAGMA, Nl. Sp.

$2. 13-14mm. Head white, centre of crown mixed with fuscous,

lower part of face dark fuscous. Palpi dark grey, more or less mixed

with white. Thorax white, shoulders fuscous. Abdomen pale grey.

Forewings elongate, rather narrow, costa gently arched, apex tolerably

pointed, termen very obliquely rounded; white, irregularly strewn

with small brownish-ochreous dots or irregularly mixed with scales ;

an irregular brownish-ochreous spot in dise before middle; a rather

narrow brownish-ochreous transverse fascia at about 2: cilia white.

Hindwings pale grey ; cilia whitish.

CarE Cotony, Gt. Winthoek, 4500 ft.; four specimens.

Gren. BARBAROSCARDIA Wals.

BARBAROSCARDIA METACLINA, D. sp.

S$. 11 mm. Head whitish. Palpi dark fuscous, hair-scales and

apex whitish. Thorax whitish mixed with light ochreous, shoulders

suffused with dark fuscous. Abdomen dark grey, scales of segmental

margins whitish-grey. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa gently arched,

apex tolerably pointed, termen very obliquely rounded ; whitish irregu-

larly mixed with pale ochreous; markings grey mixed with black; a

spot on costa almost at base; a narrow irregular transverse fascia

at 2; a narrow rather oblique fascia beyond middle, tending to be

interrupted above and below middle; a triangular blotch on costa

at +, and sometimes a small spot on middle of termen beneath it :

cilia whitish, obscurely spotted with pale ochreous sprinkled with

erey. Hindwings light grey ; cilia ochreous-whitish.

Carr Cotony, Gt. Winthoek, 4500 ft.; two specimens.

Gen. NARYCIA Steph.

NARYCIA ISOXANTHA, N. sp.

S$. 13 mm. Head, palpi, antennae, and thorax light ochreous-

yellow. Abdomen grey. Forewings elongate, costa gently arched,

apex obtuse, termen very obliquely rounded; lght ochreous-yellow :

cilia concolorous. Hindwings grey ; cilia whitish-grey.

8.W. Protectorate, Grootfontein, in December (Lightfoot) ; four

specimens.

Descriptions of South African Micro- Lepidoptera. 309

Gen. CTENOCOMPA Meyr.

CTENOCOMPA ZASCIA, 0. Sp.

d. 16-17 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen dark grey.

Antennal pectinations 5. Forewings elongate, posteriorly dilated,

costa gently arched, apex obtuse, termen rounded, oblique; 8 and 9

stalked or usually coincident ; dark grey, basal area slightly sprinkled

with blackish and whitish; a shehtly incurved median fascia of dark

fuscous irroration, preceded by a narrower fascia of whitish irroration ;

area beyond this suffusedly irrorated with whitish towards margins

and slightly in disc, with a dark fuscous transverse spot on costa

at 2, and a smaller one beyond it: cilia grey, base mixed with whitish.

Hindwings dark grey; cilia grey or grey-whitish.

CapE Cotony, Gt. Winthoek, 4500 ft.; three specimens. The genus

Ctenocompa includes and supersedes Struthisca.

Gen. MELASINA Htb.

MELASINA CYLINDRAULA, 0. Sp.

go. 2425 mm. Head and thorax grey-whitish. Palpi short,.

slender, grey. Antennae slender, pectinations 4. Abdomen whitish-

erey. Forewings elongate, posteriorly rather dilated, costa gently

arched, apex obtuse, termen slightly rounded, rather strongly oblique ;

7 to termen; fuscous-grey, more or less suffusedly irrorated with

whitish; veins posteriorly more or less marked with fine indistinct

darker fuscous lines: cilia light fuscous suffused with whitish. Huind-

wings light grey; cilia grey-whitish.

Care Contony, Matroosberg, 3500 ft., in November (Lightfoot); two

specimens, bred from cylindrical cases about 20 mm. x 5 mm., formed

of a single series of longitudinally placed segments, in one case of

hollow grass-stems, in the other (I think) stems of Juncus, with

irregular ends.

MELASINA MARMARODES, 0. sp.

Q. 17-18 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax white, slightly sprinkled

with grey, palpi short. Abdomen pale grey, anal tuft grey-whitish.

Forewings elongate, costa moderately arched, apex obtuse-pointed,

termen faintly sinuate, oblique; light grey irregularly mixed and

suffused with white, with irregularly scattered blackish scales; the

white suffusion indicates an irregular longitudinal median streak on

posterior half of wing, partly edged with black scales: cilia white,

with obscurely indicated greyish median shade. Hindwings pale grey ;

cilia whitish-grey or whitish.

310 Annals of the South African Museum.

Cape Cotony, Knysna, bred in October (Péringuey); two specimens.

Larva in stout cylindrical cases, one of these composed of twigs as

long as the case, arranged longitudinally, the other of miscellaneous

fragments arranged promiscuously. Pupa with two basal segments

of abdomen fixed, each segment with a transverse dorsal series of very

short numerous spines near basal margin. <A peculiar species, perhaps

related to sisyraea.

MELASINA sTUPEA, Wall.

Orance FREE Strate, Petrusberg, in April (Miss J. Skaife).

Wallengren’s description is correct and sufficient ; the species is allied

to aedifica.

MELASINA FOSSORIA, 0. sp.

gS. 19-21 mm. Head whitish-ochreous. Palpi whitish, mixed

with dark fuscous except towards tips. Antennal pectinations 5.

Thorax grey mixed with whitish, anteriorly suffused with dark fuscous

irroration. Abdomen grey, anal tuft whitish-ochreous. Forewings

elongate, costa gently arched, apex rounded-obtuse, termen somewhat

rounded, rather oblique; grey, much suffused with whitish; a basal

fascia of dark fuscous suffused irroration, continued as a broad streak

along costa to 2, thence rather obliquely across wing to near dorsum,

again angulated and continued to near costa at +, with a branch to

tornus ; a similar spot on costa beyond middle, and three or four small

spots on costa posteriorly: cilia ochreous-whitish, barred with dark

fuscous irroration. Hindwings light fuscous-grey; cilia ochreous-

whitish, with faint fuscous subbasal shade.

TRANSVAAL, junction of Crocodile and Marico rivers, in February

(R. Tucker); two specimens.

MELASINA NIGRESCENS, 0. sp.

So. 14 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen dark fuscous,

palpi moderate, densely scaled. Antennal pectinations 5. Forewings

moderate, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, termen rounded,

shghtly oblique; all veins separate; dark fuscous; sometimes a faint,

cloudy, darker spot on end of cell: cilia dark fuscous. Hindwings

and cilia dark fuscous.

Care Cotony, Table Mountain, 2500 ft., in November (Barnard) ;

two specimens. Allied to indigena.

MELASINA HOMOPERCNA, 0. sp.

SG. 12-18 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen dark fuscous,

So)

palpi moderate, densely rough-scaled. Antennal pectinations 2. Fore-

Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 311

wings moderate, costa moderately arched, apex rounded-obtuse, termen

rounded, somewhat oblique; 7 and 8 stalked; dark purplish-fuscous :

cilia concolorous. Hindwings and cilia dark fuscous.

Care Conony, Table Mountain, 2500 ft., in November (Barnard) ;

three specimens. Taken in company with the preceding, to which it

is exceedingly similar, but immediately distinguished by the different

antennal pectinations, as well as the stalked veins 7 and 8 and slightly

different shape of forewings.

ELLOCHOTIS, n. g.

Head densely rough-haired; ocelli small, posterior; tongue very

short. Antennae ?—3,in ¢ simple, basal joint short, without pecten.

Labial palpi moderately long, porrected, second joint with long project-

ing apical tuft of rough hair-scales beneath, terminal joint very short,

slender, pointed, almost concealed. Maxillary palpi rudimentary.

Posterior tibiae clothed with hairs above. Forewings with 1b fureate,

2 from angle, 7 to costa, 8 out of 7 or absent, 11 from before middle.

Hindwings 1, elongate-ovate, cilia }; 2-7 nearly parallel.

Apparently allied to Hweryptogona.

ELLOcHOTIS INFAUSTA, Nl. Sp.

g. 15-16 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax rather dark fuscous.

Abdomen grey. Forewings elongate, costa gently arched, apex obtuse-

pointed, termen very obliquely rounded ; bronzy-grey, suffusedly irro-

rated with dark fuscous: cilia bronzy-greyish, with subbasal and

apical dark bluish-fuscous lines. Hindwings rather dark grey; cilia

grey, with dark fuscous subbasal shade.

Cape Cotony, Gt. Winthoek, 4500 ft. ; six specimens.

ADELIDAE.

Gen. CEROMITIA Zell.

CEROMITIA ARATA, 0. Sp.

gd. 14-15 mm. Head white. Thorax white, patagia mixed with

grey. Abdomen whitish-grey. Forewings elongate, rather narrow,

costa gently arched, apex obtuse, termen very obliquely rounded ; light

grey suffused with white, with fine irregular dark fuscous lines on all

veins, and scattered dark fuscous scales between them: cilia light

312 Annals of the South African Musewm.

erey suffused with white. Hindwings prismatic-hyaline, with thinly

strewn pale grey hairs ; cilia grey-whitish.

Care Cotony, Prince Albert, in June (Mrs. v. d. Bijl); three

specimens.

CEROMITIA SPATALODES, Nl. Sp.

go 2. 17-18 mm. Head whity-brownish, crown white posteriorly.

Palpi moderate, light greyish. Thorax whitish, patagia pale violet-

erey. Abdomen pale grey. Forewings elongate, costa gently arched,

apex obtuse, termen rounded, rather strongly oblique; pale shining

violet, obscurely mottled with grey, slightly whitish-sprinkled in disc ;

discal stigmata well marked, dark fuscous: cilia whitish-grey. Hind-

wings heht prismatic grey ; cilia whitish-grey.

Carr Conony, Oudebosch, 1500 ft., in January (Barnard) ; two

specimens. Nearest to elongatella and mitrata.

NEPTICULIDAE.

Gren. NEPTICULA, Heyd.

NEPTICULA PANCONISTA, Ni. Sp.

g. 5mm. Head light yellowish. Thorax grey-whitish irrorated

with blackish. Abdomen grey. Forewings lanceolate; grey-whitish

irrorated with blackish: cilia whitish, towards base sprinkled with

blackish. Hindwings grey; an expansible light yellow pencil of hairs

from base beneath costa; cilia whitish-grey.

Carr Conony, Capetown, in January (Barnard); one specimen.

Allied to erypsivantha, which, however, has the head blackish.

PROTOTHEORIDAE.

Guy. PROTOTHEORA, Meyr.

Head with short rough scales, posteriorly with longer rough spread-

ing hair-scales, face short ; ocelli small, posterior, tongue rudimentary.

Antennae in ¢ hardly +, rather thick towards base, tapering, mode-

rately and evenly pubescent-ciliated over whole surface, in ? shorter,

slenderer, minutely pubescent. Mandibles more or less developed.

Labial palpi in ¢ moderately long, porrected, wholly clothed with

dense rough hair-scales diminishing to apex, joints concealed, in 2

considerably longer, similar. Maxillary palpi short, filiform, 3-jointed,

porrected, Thorax with large rough erect tuft of scales at posterior

Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 315

extremity. Abdomen rather slender. Legs rather long, slender,

middle tibiae with two short apical spurs, posterior tibiae thinly haired

above, with median and apical pairs of short spurs. | Forewings elon-

gate, costa slightly arched, apex obtuse, dorsum and termen nearly

evenly curved but tornus slightly marked, dorsal margin strongly

ciliated like termen to base, with strong membranous prominence at

base (jugum) ; neuration as described. Hindwings somewhat under

1, elongate-trapezoidal-ovate (more parallel-sided than forewings),

cilia 3; neuration as described.

I substitute the above amended description for that previously

published. I have already stated elsewhere (‘ Exotic Microlepidoptera,’

vol. 2, p. 229) that Mr. R. J. Tillyard, in New South Wales, being

interested by my notice of this family, was at pains to obtain some

material from the South African Museum for dissection, and I am

indebted to him for the communication of the following information,

viz.: (1) that there were two species probably confused under my

description of P. petrosema; I had myself suspected this, and have

now received further material representing four species in all;

(2) that mandibles were present in both species, minute and difficult

of detection in petrosema proper, but in the other species as large as

in Micropteryx and very similar; and (3) that I had overlooked the

presence of maxillary palpi concealed in the hairs of labial palpi,

which I find to be correct. With the aid of the fresh material I have

inade other corrections as above. The distinctness and interest of the

family are thus in fact augmented, and it is eminently worthy of the

attention of local collectors.

The four following forms are similar in general appearance, but are

abundantly distinct by the genitalia; these are complex, and IT am

indebted to Mr. Barnard, of the South African Museum, for careful

drawings of them. Finding their homologies difficult of compre-

hension, I submitted the drawings to Mr. EF. N. Pierce, well known as

a specialist in these organs, calling his attention to their analogy with

the structures of Hepialus hectus, and am much indebted to him for

explaining to me their correct nature, and have accepted his views.

In brief there are three pairs of appendages, viz. (1) an upper pair,

the uncus; (2) a middle pair, the gnathos; (5) a lower pair, the

valvae. These can be readily recognised and their differences are

sufficient for the diagnosis of the species, but they by no means

exhaust the complexities of the structure, which would require a

series of figures. The uncus and gnathos are appendages of the

10th segment and enclose the anus above and below respectively ;

the valvae are appendages of the 9th segment.

314 Annals of the South African Museum.

PROTOTHEORA PETROSEMA, Meyr.

6 2. 22-25 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax fuscous, finely speckled

with white, apex of thoracic crest dark fuscous. Abdomen grey,

segmental margins whitish. Forewings light brownish-ochreous, with

a pattern of fuscous irrorated with whitish specks, viz. an irregular

basal patch, narrow irregular fasciae before and beyond middle, and

a subterminal fascia broadly dilated upwards, these narrowly con-

nected in middle, in ? traversed by a white streak which runs from

base of costa through middle of disc to near termen and thence to

apex, partially edged with blackish scales; distinct blackish marks on

upper edge of this between fasciae in both sexes; fuscous spots

speckled with whitish on costa between these fasciae, sometimes

suffusedly confluent with them: cilia fuscous, tinged with whitish,

on termen base sometimes obscurely barred with whitish and fuscous.

Hindwings grey; in ? an erect subdorsal brush-like tuft of long

whitish hairs near base; cilia pale grey. Genitalia of ¢; uncus

forming two moderate slender curved converging spine-like processes ;

gnathos forming two long down-curved diverging stronger spine-like

processes ; valvae long, slender, slightly expanded near apex, tolerably

pointed, clothed with rather long hairs.

Cargé Conony, Capetown, in April and May (Lightfoot); three

specimens (2 ¢,1 9). The tuft on hindwings in 92 is a quite ex-

ceptional structure ; it appears to be natural, but needs confirmation

in a second specimen.

PROTOTHEORA SERRULIGERA, 0. Sp.

3g. 21-25 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax fuscous, finely speckled

with white (thorax mostly defaced). Abdomen grey, segmental

margins whitish. Forewings light brownish-ochreous; an irregular

white median stripe from base to beyond cell, thence much thickened

irregularly and running to costa near apex, edged with some scattered

blackish scales, upper edge more strongly blackish-margined before

and beyond middle; costal area above this anteriorly suffused with

fuscous, posteriorly with three fuscous fasciate spots speckled with

whitish, connected with median streak ; a dark fuscous terminal line:

cilia pale grey, towards base whitish. Hindwings light grey; cilia

grey-whitish. Genitalia of ¢; uncus forming two long very slender

remote rather curved converging spine-like processes ; gnathos forming

two very long down-curved laterally sinuate parallel slender pointed

processes, sharply serrate on outer edge; valvae short, broad, apex

bilobed.

Deseriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 315

Care Cotony, Hottentot-Holland Mountains, 4000 ft. (Barnard) ;

two specimens.

PROTOTHEORA QUADRICORNIS, 0. Sp.

¢. 18mm. Head, palpi, and thorax fuscous speckled with whitish,

apex of thoracic crest dark fuscous. Abdomen grey, segmental margins

mixed with whitish. Forewings fuscous; a slender irregular sinuate

white median streak from base to beyond cell, upper edge with three

subtriangular sinuations filled with blackish, lower edge shortly marked

with blackish, alternating with these and at extremity; undefined

blotches of dark fuscous irroration on costa at base, before and beyond

middle, and towards apex; some whitish irroration from extremity of

streak to costa before apex, followed by some dark fuscous suffusion :

cilia grey. Hindwings grey; cilia pale grey. Genitalia of ¢ (described

from drawings, the abdomen of the single specimen having been removed

and retained in South African Museum); uncus forming two long

slender strongly curved converging spine-like processes, base between

them wide, dilated, with a prominence beneath ; gnathos forming two

long downcurved diverging stout acute hooked processes ; valvae long,

slender, attenuated towards apex and slightly hooked, clothed with

short hairs.

Carr Cotony, Capetown (Barnard) ; one specimen.

Gen. METATHEORA Meyr.

This genus, based on a species from Natal, parachlora Meyr., is

distinguishable from Prototheora by the fringe of projecting hair-scales

on anterior legs beneath.

METATHEORA CORVIFERA, 0. sp.

g. 22-23 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax dark fuscous, speckled

with whitish, palpi somewhat longer than in petrosema ¢. Abdomen

rather dark fuscous. Forewings fuscous mixed with dark fuscous, with

scanty whitish speckling indicating irregular undefined marblings;

cilia fuscous, with a subbasal line of whitish speckling. Hindwings

and cilia rather dark grey. Genitalia of ¢ ; uncus forming two long

slender spreading curved spine-like processes; gnathos forming two

broad laterally compressed acute-pointed moderate projections, serrate

on dorsal edge, diverging, and with tips curved outwards ; valvae long,

slender, clothed with moderate hairs.

Carr Coxtony, Table Mountain, in February (Barnard) ; five

specimens.

acuminatus (Pterophorus) .

Adelidae : . ,

wstuaria (Homalopsycha) .

agilis (Bucculatrix)

albiflora (Gelechia)

ammopleura (Cryptolechia)

amphipeda (Glyphipteryx)

Anathyrsa Meyr. :

arata (Ceromitia)

Argyroploce Hiib.

Asapharcha Meyr.

Atychia Latr.

Barbaroscardia Wals. .

biformis (‘Tortrix)

Brachmia Hiib.

brachyzona (Orneodes )

Briarostoma Meyr.

Bucculatrix Zell.

catharodes (Gelechia)

celeris (Pycnostola)

Ceromitia Zell.

chalcoxesta (‘Tinea)

chionaula (Eporycta) .

Chrysocentris Meyr.

cinerata (Epichorista)

chmacaspis (Glyphipteryx )

Cnephasia Curt. .

Coleophora Hiib. .

Coleophoridae

communis (Depressaria)

Compsolechia Meyr.

corvifera (Metatheora )

516

INDEX.

cosymbota (Eridachtha)

craurota (Tinea)

erispa (Latypica)

| crypsicosma (Depressuria)

Cryptolechia Zell.

Ctenocompa Meyr.

cylindraula (Melasina )

Depressaria Haw.

Dichomeris Hiib.

| dimensa (Seythris)

diorycta (‘Tanyzancla)

diplotoxa (Glyphipteryx )

| Doliochastis Meyr.

Elachista Tr.

Elachistidae

Ellochotis Meyr..

Encelidotis Meyr.

Enscepastra Meyr.

| entechna (Simaethis) .

| Epichorista Meyr.

Epithectis Meyr.

Eporycta Meyr.

Eridachtha Meyr.

| Kucosma Hib.

| Eucosmidae .

exanimata (Epichorista)

_ exsoluta (Scythris)

exstincta (Epithectis)

exsuperans (Pisinidea)

festus (Trichoptilus) .

fluitans (Dichomeris) .

Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera.

fortuita (Tinea)

fossoria (Melasina)

furcifera (Idiotechna)

Gelechia Hiib.

Gelechiadae .

Glyphipterygidae

Glyphipteryx Hiib.

erammatopa (Depressaria )

habrophila (Orneodes)

Homalopsycha Meyr. .

homogenes (Depressaria)

homograpta (Doliochastis)

homoperena (Melasina)

Idiotechna Meyr.

infanda (Atychia)

infausta (Hllochotis)

iriditis (Telphusa)

Tsocrita Meyr.

isoxantha (Narycia)

ithydoxa (Isocrita)

lathraea (Sandaloeca)

Latypica Meyr.

leucodoxa (Gelechia) .

limenaea (Telphusa) .

lithacopa (Picrospora)

lochmaea (Eucosma) .

Lyonetiadae .

macroxyla (Anathyrsa)

macrostoma (Cnephasia)

Mallobathra Meyr.

marmarodes (Melasina)

Megacraspedus Zell.

Melasina Hiib.

meligastra (Seythris)

Meloteles Meyr. .

merimnaea (Elachista)

metaclina (Barbaroscardia)

Metatheora Meyvr.

Myrmecozela Staint.

Narycia Steph.

Nepticula Heyd. .

Nepticulidae

PAGE

303

310

805

nigrescens (Melasina)

niphocrossa (Coleophora)

nycteropis (Atychia) .

Ochetoxena Meyr.

ochrophragma (Encelidotis: )

_ ochyrota (Brachmia) .

oeconomica (Pyecnostola)

Oecophoridae

| orichlora ( hecerontocs)

Orneodes Latr.

Orneodidae .

Oxyptilus Zell.

panurea (Depressaria )

panconista (Nepticula)

peracuta (Megacraspedus) .

_ perlustrata (Pyenostola)

permagna (Compsolechia) .

petrosema (Prototheora)

phalaraea (Epichorista)

phaneraula (Ochetoxena)

phlyetidota (Zelomora)

photinopa (Megacraspedus)

Phycodes Guén. .

Picrospora Meyr.

Pisinidea Butl.

plagiopa (Enscepastra)

| Plutellidae

Protomacha Meyr.

| Prototheora Meyr.

| Prototheoridae

pselota (Phycodes)

Pterolonchidae

Pterophoridae

Pterophorus Geottr.

Pycnostola Meyr.

pyrrhopsamma (Briar estos )

quadricornis (Prototheora)

| querula (Eucosma)

rhodoscelis (Depressaria)

Sandaloeca Meyr.

Scythridae

Seythris Hiib.

semistricta (‘Tanyzancla)

318 Annals of the South African Museum.

serruligera (Prototheora)

Simaethis Leach .

sosigona (Protomacha)

spatalodes (Ceromitia)

spilocoma (Tinea)

sporadias (‘Tortrix)

strigifera (Asapharcha)

stupea (Melasina)

Tanyzancla Meyr.

Telphusa Chamb.

tenax (Eucosma)

territa (Myrmecozela)

Tinea L.

Tineidae

PAGE

314

295

286

312

302

275

292

310

286

282

278

303

302

| Tortricidae .

| Tortrix L. :

Trichoptilus Wals.

trilinguis (Tinea)

urania (Chrysocentris)

variegatus (Oxyptilus)

xanthodoxa (Meloteles)

Xyloryctidae

PASCia, (Ctenocompa)

Zelomora Meyr.

| 2 yphaula (Mallobathra)

(319 )

11.—Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa —By

K. H. Barnarp, M.A., Assistant.

(Plates XV—XVITI.)

No. 6.—FurtHer AppITIONS To THE List ofr MARINE ISOPODA.

THE present report deals with 73 species, of which 45 are described as

new to science and 12 have not hitherto been recorded from South

African waters.

The greater part of the material is derived from the rich collections

made by the Cape Government trawler s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” That the

material has not been available sooner is due to the fact that many

large bottles labelled “ Varia—to examine” had never been examined,

and consequently contained a mixed assortment of Sponges, Hydroids,

Aleyonaria, Polychaets, Crustacea, ete.

Moreover, while going through the collection of sponges for the

purpose of extracting the spongicolous barnacles (Acasta and Balanus

spp.) many Isopods and Amphipods inhabiting galleries and burrows

in the sponges were brought to light.

The Amphipods cannot be dealt with on this occasion, but so far as

the Isopods are concerned this paper may be regarded as a fina] report

on the “ Pieter Faure” material preserved in the Museum.

The fauna-list of South African marine Isopods now includes close

on 170 species, so far as recorded in the reports of Mr. Stebbing and

myself, including the present paper. But that this is not a complete

list of the fauna is shown by the fact that the German South Polar

Expedition,*® during its very brief stay in these waters, captured the

following 5 additional new species :

Heterotanais (?) capensis.

Hurydice natalensis.

Astacilla setosa.

Antias uncinatus.

Microniscus ornatus.

Moreover, it is probable that the list will be further increased when

the report on the Isopods collected by the German Deep-sea Expedition

is published. For in other groups of marine animals the “ Valdivia”

collected material of great importance for the study of the South

African fauna. Other reports dealing with the Isopodan fauna, which

may be expected to follow, are those on the collections of Dr. L.

Schultze and Dr. W. Michaelsen.

* Vanhoffen, Deutsche Siidpolar Exp. Bd. 15, Hft. 4, Isopoden, 1914. This

paper I have not been able to consult.

320 Annals of the South African Museum.

The most interesting feature of the material herein dealt with is the

presence of 2 species, heretofore only known from the North Atlantic,

namely, Sphyrapus malleolus N. & S.and Agathotanais ingolfi Hansen.

Other examples of “ bipolarity ” among the Isopods and Amphipods

have already been recorded in previous papers.

The specimens of these 2 species were sorted out from about 120 c.e.

of plankton taken in “ coarse tow-net on beam-trawl, Cape Point N.

89° E. distant 36 miles, 700 fathoms, August 20, 1903.” This small

quantity of material contained, besides numbers of minute Gateropods,

Pteropods, Chaetognaths, larval Polychaets, Ostracods, Copepods and

many Amphipods, the following species of Isopods :

Apseudes australis n. sp. . ‘ . 2 specimens.

Sphyrapus malleolus N. & 8. . - i 3

Agathotanais ingolfi Hansen sil 5

Gnathia sp... ‘ : . 4 :

Neoarcturus oudops Brads 48 is

Haploniscus dimeroceras ni. sp. . . 68 A

Hugerda sp. 2

Macrostylis spiniceps n. sp. 1

Rhabdomesus bacillopsis n. sp. . fo 53

Ilychthonos capensis n. @. et sp. 6

Pseudomunnopsis beddardi (Tatt.) . 5 vs

Ilyarachna affinis n. sp. . ; . 4 ss

43 crassiceps li. sp. : Be Ds As

Hurycope sulcifrons n. sp. : Ae)

“ quadrata n. sp. : Here) $5

* fusiformis n. sp. 3 53

Of these, Haploniscus, Eugerda, habdonientte, Ilychthonos, Pseudo-

munnopsis, Ilyarachna and Hurycope are genera new to the South

African region; and the 2 specimens of Rhabdomesus are the first

complete specimens discovered since the “Challenger” obtained the

first fragmentary examples of the genus.

On the previous day the ‘“‘ Pieter Faure” had dredged in nearly the

same locality Pseudanthura lateralis Richardson, an aberrant Anthurid

only known from deep water off the West African coast.

The haul on August 20 was probably often surpassed as far as

actual number of species is concerned, but scarcely in respect of

interest and importance. It shows what vast possibilities still remain

for increasing our knowledge of the fauna of South Africa, especially

of the denizens of the deep water off the Cape Point.

In this connection the remarks made by Hansen* in discussing the

* Dan. Ingolf Exp. vol. 3, 3; Crust, Malacostr. 2, p. 3, 1913,

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 321

extraordinary results obtained by a system of careful sieving on board

the Danish exploring vessel “ Ingolf”” may be quoted :

“. . . aconsiderable quantity of the mud hauled up by dredge

or trawl . . . was sifted under water in smaller portions in a

sieve clothed with silk gauze No. 7 used by millers. . . . In this

way hundreds of small animals as Tanaidacea, Asellota, etc., were

gathered. Other deep-sea expeditions could certainly have arrived at

corresponding results if their methods of dealing with the bottom

material had been more satisfactory; it may be considered quite

certain that hundreds of species of small Crustacea, ete., lived in the

bottom material hauled up by the “Challenger” and later great

European and North American expeditions, and were flushed again

into the sea.”

In connection with the subdivision of the Valvifera some general

remarks are made on the morphology of the male sexual appendages.

In conclusion I would beg indulgence for any slips which may have

crept in. The paper has been prepared during the period of the war,

when it has been impossible to avail myself of the kindness of my

friends and correspondents in England and elsewhere, who have helped

me so much in the preparation of my previous papers by copying

figures and descriptions from works not to be found in this country.

The MS. of this paper was completed before Hansen’s 1916 paper

reached me, and therefore the discussion of several points of morpho-

logical interest has had to be postponed for a future occasion.

Famiry APSEUDIDAH.

1880. Apseudidae Sars, Arch. Naturg. Christian, vol. 7, p. 6.

1910. ” Stebbing, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. zool. vol. 14, pt. 1,

p. 85 (references).

1915. i; Nierstrasz, Siboga Exp. monogr. 32a, p. 3.

Gen. APSEUDES Leach.

1814. Apseudes Leach, Edinb. Encyel. vol. 7, p. 404.

1914. a Barnard, Ann. 8.A. Mus. vol. 10, pt. 11, p. 827a@

(references).

1914. a Vanhiffen, Deutsch, Siidpol. Exp. vol. 15, pt. 4, p. 461.

APSEUDES AVICULARIA Brnrd.

1914. Apseudes avicularia Barnard, l.c. p. 329a, pl. 274,

Since this species was described from a single ? specimen, two ¢

specimens have come to light. They agree with the original specimen

322 Annals oy the South African Museum.

in the peculiar character of the 6th pleon segment and telson, and in

the appendages except the Ist peraeopod (gnathopod).

Side-plate of Ist free segment quadrate but not produced. Flagellum

of Ist antenna 5-jointed, of 2nd 3—4-jointed.

The Ist peraeopod is very stout and robust, 2nd joint oval, nearly

as broad as long, 4th and 5th short and stout, together equal to the

2nd, 6th a little longer than 2nd, inner margin of thumb with a

tubercle in the middle and a crenulate cutting-plate nearer the apex,

finger indistinctly denticulate with a larger tubercle in the middle and

another nearer the hinge; no exopod.

Male appendage on 7th segment a small, knob-like process.

In neither of the specimens could any pleopods be found, except the

lst pair in one of them. If this were indeed a normal characteristic

the species would require a new genus for its reception; but I am

unwilling to do this until more material has been collected. Live

specimens would be the best, but as the only 3 specimens I have so

far come across have been picked out of a multitude of various

Amphipods, Isopods, Polychaets, débris, etc., after a day’s collecting,

only by a very fortunate chance willa live one be secured.

Length: 2 mm.

Colour: White, eyes black.

Locality: Buffel’s Bay (False Bay). 1/3/15. (K.H.B.) 292.

(S.A.M. No. A38307.)

APSEUDES AGULHENSIS DN. Sp.

(Plate XV. Fig. 1.)

Body very narrow and elongate. Carapace longer than broad, lateral

margins evenly sinuous, rostrum broader than long, triangular with

slightly sinuous margins and acute apex. Ocular lobes not spiniform

but ending in a minute acute point.

Peraeon segments 2 and 8 wider than long, 4-7 subquadrate, only

5 and 6 with a small acute point on the antero-lateral angles. Side-

plate of segment 2 acutely produced.

Pleon segments 1-5 laterally obtuse, 6 not quite as long as 1-5

together, twice as long as broad, scarcely tapering, apex obtuse.

First antenna, lst joint 5 times as long as wide, margins entire,

2nd equal to width of Ist, rd shorter, flagellum 8-jointed, equal to

Ist peduncular joimt, accessory flagellum half length of main one,

3-jointed.

Second antennae a little longer than peduncle of Ist, 2nd joint

linear, scale linear, half length of 2nd joint, 4th and 5th subequal,

flagellum equal to 3rd—5th peduncular joints, 6-jointed,

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 328

Epistome unarmed.

First peraeopods both lost.

Second peraeopod, 4th—6th joints moderately expanded, 6th not

wider than 4th or 5th, 4th and 5th with one spine, 6th with 2 spines

on outer apex, 4th with one spine on inner apex, 5th with 2, 6th with

4 on inner margin, finger # length of 6th ; exopod not seen.

Peraeopods 3-7 moderately slender.

Uropod slender, outer ramus twice length of peduncle, 3-jointed,

inner ramus as long as pleon, ca. 16-jointed.

Length: 3mm.; breadth ; *5 mm.

Colour: White, eyes apparently not pigmented.

Locality: Cape St. Blaize N. by E., distance 73 miles. 125 fathoms.

1(@ ¢). s.s. “Pieter Faure.” 21/12/99. (S.A.M. No. A3836.)

Very close to A. intermedius Hansen, 1895, but distinguished by

the shorter rostrum, the presence of lateral points on segments 5 and

6 only, and by the absence of the epistomal spine.

APSEUDES AUSTRALIS 0. sp.

(Plate XV. Fig. 2.)

Body elongate, slender, glabrous. Carapace longer than broad,

widening posteriorly, rostrum simple, triangular with a very slender

acute apex, ocular lobes triangular with spiniform apices, eyes absent ;

lateral margins biconvex, with a shallow rounded notch marking the

limits of Ist peraeon segment, dorsal surface with shallow grooves.

Second (Ist free) segment with rounded lateral portions and a

shallow transverse dorsal groove ; segment 5 narrower than 2, with a

shallow transverse dorsal groove, antero-lateral angles rounded, postero-

lateral angles shortly but acutely produced ; segment 4 a little longer

than 3 but narrower, antero-lateral angles produced in outstanding

spiniform processes; postero-lateral angles rounded ; segments 5 and

6 similar, longer than broad, narrow in front and widening posteriorly,

side margin with an outstanding spimiform process, postero-lateral

angles rounded; segment 7 shorter and narrower than the preceding,

widening distally, with rounded postero-lateral angles but without

spiniform processes.

Side-plates distinct, on segment 2 produced forwards as spiniform

processes, on 8 much smaller but forming little acute points on antero-

lateral angles of the segment, on 4-6 forming small acute points on

postero-lateral angles, on 7 extremely small and not visible dorsally.

Pleon segments 1—5 laterally produced in spiniform processes,

directed straight outwards on the first 5, slightly recurved on the last

324 Annals of the South African Museum.

2 segments. Telson as long as all the preceding pleon segments

together, narrow, parallel-sided, slightly widening before the insertion

of the uropods, then tapering rapidly to a subacute apex.

Ventral surfaces of peraeon segments 1—7 and pleon segment | each

with a long straight spiniform process.

First antenna, Ist joint elongate, narrow, 2nd half length of Ist,

3rd very short, flagellum shorter than peduncle, ca. 11-jointed, acces-

sory flagellum 4-jointed.

Second antenna equal to peduncle of Ist, 2nd joint narrow, linear,

with a narrow, linear scale, 5th shorter than 4th, flagellum 6-jointed.

Epistome with a prominent straight spine.

First peraeopod moderately slender, 5th joint equal to 2nd, 4th

shorter, 6th slender, thumb long and narrow, inner margin faintly

crenulated, setulose, finger matching thumb, evenly curved, nail on

both thumb and finger rather long; exopod with 2 linear joints, 2nd

with 4 setae.

Second peraeopod slender, the distal joits narrower than the

proximal ones, 5th and 6th both shorter than 4th, both linear ; exopod

as in Ist peraeopod.

Third to 6th peraeopods slender, distal joints moderately setose.

Seventh peraeopod short, 3-jointed, 2nd longer than Ist, 3rd very

short, unarmed ; absent altogether in the smaller (2°5 mm.) specimen.

Uropod, only one ramus present, probably the outer, 4-jointed.

Length: 5mm.; breadth: °75 mm.

Colour: In spirit white.

Locality: Cape Point N. 89° E., distance 36 miles. 700 fathoms.

2 immature specimens. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 20/8/03. (S.A.M.

No. A4136.)

This is evidently an immature form, as shown by the small un-

developed 7th peraeopod in the large specimen. The species to which

it seems nearest 1s A. simplicirostris Norm. & Stebb. (Tr. Linn. Soe.

Lond. vol. 12, 1886, p. 91, pl. 18, fig. 1) from the North Atlantic,

1263 fathoms. There is a close resemblance in the general body form

and the structure of the individual segments, in the antennae, the

narrow linear distal joints of the 2nd peraeopod, and the armature in

the 3rd—6th peraeopods.

On the other hand there are distinct differences : in the Cape speci-

mens the carapace is broader across the front, the rostrum lacks the

bulbous projections at its base, the ocular lobes are much longer, the

side-plate on segment 2 is acutely produced, and there is a greater

relative difference between the anterior and posterior width of the

5th-7th peraeon segments.

iy * Z pis

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 325

TRICHAPSEUDES 0. oe

Carapace composed of fused head and Ist peraeon segment. Ocular

lobes distinct. Pleon composed of 6 segments. Antenna 2 with scale

at end of long 2nd jomt. Mandible normal but with very large 3-jointed

palp fringed with pulmose setae. Maxilliped with plumose setae on

4th—6th joints. Peraeopods 1 and 2 normal, both with exopods, that

on the 2nd relatively large. Peraeopods 3-7 normal. Pleopods

reduced to the 5 anterior pairs, each with 2 narrow, uniarticulate rami.

Uropod with outer ramus much longer than inner.

This genus bears a strong likeness to Kalliapseudes Steb., 1910, in

having a large mandibular palp and in the development of plumose

setae on the palp of the mandible and maxilliped. In other respects,

however, it is allied to the typical Apsewdes except in having only

3 pairs of pleopods. In this latter feature it is paralleled only by

Pagqurapseudes Whitelegge, 1901, in which there are never more than

3 pairs, often only one or even none (cf. also Apseudes avicularia

Brnrd. supra).

TRICHAPSEUDES TRIDENS 0D. sp.

(Plate XV. Figs. 3-8.)

Body moderately stout, with short setae developed sparingly on the

anterior segments, more numerously on the posterior segments and

pleon.

Carapace a little longer than broad, rostrum tridentate, the median

tooth longest ; ocular lobes distinctly defined, apically acute, dorsal

surface with moderately deep grooves, postero-lateral margin fringed

with plumose setae.

First 3 free peraeon segments subequal, with the lateral portions

distinctly marked off by dorsal grooves and notches on posterior

margins ; segments 4 and 5 (free) subequal, a little longer than the

anterior ones; segment 6 a little longer than half the length of 5.

Side-plates distinct on all the segments.

Pleon segments 1—5 subequal, together a httle longer than peraeon

segment 5, lateral portions with outstanding plumose setae ; telson

about as broad as long, triangular, tapering to a bifid apex.

Antenna 1, Ist joint elongate, inner margin with 3 sharp teeth in

middle, 2nd half leneth of Ist, 3rd shorter than 2nd, inner and outer

flagella with at least 12 and 17 joints respectively, inner with

plumose (?), outer with simple setae.

Antenna 2, Ist jot produced on inner side, twice as broad as long,

with plumose setae on inner margin, 2nd elongate, with plumose setae

326 Annals of the South African Museum.

and 2 teeth on inner margin, scale a Tittle longer than 3rd, apex acute,

with 5-4 setae, 5rd—5th joimts slightly increasing in length and

decreasing in width, flagellum at least 10-jointed, with plumose

setae.

Epistome with a long thin spine arising from the middle; upper lip

bilobed.

Lower lip, lobes broad, apically truncate, with a setose 2nd joint

inserted on outer apex, outer margin denticulate.

Mandible, cutting-edge 4-dentate, secondary cutting-edge tridentate,

spine-row with ca. 5 bifid spines arising from a projecting process,

molar well developed, palp very large and strong, 3-jointed, 2nd

longest, 3rd longer than Ist, all the joints fringed on inner margin

with long plumose setae.

Maxilla 1 normal, inner plate with 3 apical setae, palp with 1 long

and 4 shorter apical setae.

Maxilla 2 normal.

Maxilliped, 2nd jot broader than long, 4th with plumose setae on

both margins, 5th longer than 4th, 6th subequal to 4th, 5th and 6th

fringed with plumose setae on inner margins ; no epipod was found.

Peraeopod 1 (gnathopod) large and stout, similar in both sexes,

2nd joint not twice as long as broad, posterior margin fringed with

plumose setae, 4th triangular, lower margin with plumose setae and

3 spines on apex, 5th triangular, larger than 4th, 6th large, ovoid, a

little broader than long, anterior margin evenly curved, palm transverse

with 2 strong teeth in middle, lower margin concave, with 4 acute

teeth on basal half, finger matching palm, closing on inside of the

palmar teeth, with a tooth about in middle of its inner margin ;

exopod not very large, 2nd joint ovate and carrying about 7 plumose

setae around its margin.

Peraeopod 2, 2nd joint with anterior margin densely fringed with

plumose setae, 2 spines at base, lower margin with 2—3 plumose setae,

4th with plumose setae on both margins, anterior apex with a long

spine, 5th with | stout dentiform spine on both upper and lower apex

as well as spine-setae and setae, 6th equal to 5th but narrower, lower

margin with 5 stout spine-teeth, upper and lower apices with 1 stout

spine, 7th shorter than 6th, with stout secondary unguis and a tooth

in middle of lower margin; exopod very large, 2nd joint ovate, its

margin closely and deeply indented, with a plumose seta arising from

each intervening denticle.

Peraeopods 5 and 4, 2nd joint with several plumose setae on both

margins, 4th and 5th with 1 stout spine-tooth on lower apex and a

plumose seta on upper apex, 6th longer than 5th, lower margin with 6

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 327

(3rd peraeopod) or 7 (4th) spine-teeth, upper margin setose, 7th

2 length of 6th, curved, a seta in place of the secondary unguis.

Peraeopods 5 and 6 similar to the preceding, 4th joint with 3 spine-

teeth on lower apex, 5th with 2 rows of 4 and 5 spine-teeth on lower

margin, 6th equal to 5th, lower margin with 5 spine-teeth, upper apex

with several serrulate setae, 7th 2 length of 6th, as in the preceding

peraeopods.

Peraeopod 7 similar but no teeth on 4th and 5th joints, lower

margin of 6th with 4 spine-teeth.

Pleopods reduced to the 8 anterior pairs, each biramous, the rami

narrow, uniarticulate, inner a little longer than outer, both fringed

with plumose setae.

Uropod, peduncle short, outer ramus 3-jointed, inner at least

9-jointed.

Length: 6 mm.; breadth; 1:25 mm.

Colour : In spirit pale brownish or yellowish, eyes dark.

Locality : 35°6' 8., 28°11’ E. (off Hast London). 85 fathoms. ¢ 4,

ovigerous ? 9 and juv.; Umkomaas River NW. by W. 3 W., distant

5 miles. (Natal) 40 fathoms. 1 juv.; Hood Point N. by W. 3 W..,

distant 1] miles. 49 fathoms. 1 ovigerous 9 ; Nanquas Peak N. } W..,

distant 21 miles (Algoa Bay), 63 fathoms. 14,1 juv.; between

Roman Rock and Cape Recife. 17 fathoms. I¢; ss. “ Pieter

Faure.” 28/1/99, 31/12/00, 15/7/01, 23/9/01 and 12/12/98. (S.A.M.

Nos. A4122-4, A4176 and A4553.)

Besides the outstanding features mentioned in the diagnosis of the

genus, there is.one other which is almost equally remarkable, namely,

the exopod of the 2nd peraeopod. This is very much larger than in

any other species in the family, although Pagurapseudes spinipes

Whitelegge makes a somewhat near approach in this respect.

The large size in the present species is evidently due to the environ-

ment. The specimens were taken amongst sponges on muddy ground

and all were coated and clogged with a very fine deposit. Especially

so was this in the case of the setae, making it sometimes difficult to

say whether the setae were plumose or simple, as it is quite impossible

to remove the deposit completely.

In such surroundings the branchial cavity would soon become

choked and useless, were it not for the effective strainers at its

entrance. The inhalent current has to pass through 4 series of

plumose setae before reaching the branchial cavity ; first the fringe of

setae on the postero-lateral margin of the carapace, then that on the

posterior (upper in the natural flexed position of the limb) margin of

the 2nd joint of the lst peraeopod, then that on the anterior margin

328 Annals of the South African Museum.

of the 2nd joint of the 2nd peraeopod, and lastly the plumose 2nd joint

of the exopod on the latter peraeopod.

Another point of interest is the complete absence of a deposit on the

pleopods. This is due to their being enclosed in a kind of cavity

formed by the folding under of the terminal part of the pleon, similar

to what has happened in the Brachyura. This cavity is protected

laterally by the fringe on the pleon segments themselves and by the

development of plumose setae on both margins of the 2nd joint of

peraeopods 5-7. The recurved uropods follow the dorsal curve of the

pleon. The animal bears a strong likeness to an Amphipod of the

genus Corophium.

Gen. SPHYRAPUS N. & S.

1886. Sphyrapus Norman & Stebbing, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. 12,

p. 97.

1896. - G. O. Sars, Crust. Norw. vol. 2, p. 8.

SPHYRAPUS MALLEOLUS N. &S.

1886. Sphyrapus malleolus Norman & Stebbing, lc. p. 98, pl. 22,

fies.,25 3:

1896. % ” Bonnier, Ann. Univ. Lyons, vol. 26,

p. 665, pl. 31, fig. 1.

Ten. % %» Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 54,

p. 52, fig. 40.

The specimens call for no remarks on structure, since they agree,

even to details, with the original description and figures.

The occurrence of this species in deep water off the Cape is another

example of so-called “ Bipolarity.” Other instances among the Isopoda

are Aega monophthalma Johnst. and Pseudanthura lateralis Richards

(infra), and among the Amphipoda Hpimera cornigera and Byblis

gaimardi. It is nearly certain that this phenomenon is due in large

measure to the incompleteness of our oceanographical investigations

and will tend to disappear as these become more extensive and

complete.

Length: 3 4mm., 9 45 mm.; breadth: ¢ 1 mm., ? 1 mm.

Colour: In spirit pinkish white, surface glistening.

Locality: Cape Point N. 89° E., distant 36 miles. 700 fathoms.

2 66,1 nonovigerous 9. s.s. ‘“ Pieter Faure.” 20/8/03. (S.A.M.

No, A4135.)

Geogr. Distribution: S. of Cape Farewell, Greenland, 1450 fathoms

(Norm. & Stebb.).

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 529

Famity TANAIDAH.

1853. Tanaidae (part) Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp. vol. 13, p. 792.

1915. 5 Hansen, Dan. Ingolf Exp. vol. 3, pt. 3, Crust. Malac.

25 pa LS:

1913. 4 Nierstrasz, Siboga Exp. monogr. 32a, p. 20.

1914. - Barnard, Ann. S.A. Mus. vol. 10, pt. 7, p. 197 (refer-

ences ).

Gren. PARATANAIS Dana.

1852. Paratanais Dana, U.S. Exp. vol. 13, p. 799.

1884. a Sars, Arch. Math. Naturv. vol. 7, p. 32.

1884. . Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol. 9, p. 1042.

1886. mA Norman & Stebbing, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. 12,

palo.

1896. - Sars, Crust. Norw. vol. 2, p. 16.

1913. a Nierstrasz, Siboga. Exp. monogr. 32a, p. 38.

PARATANAIS EUELPIS N. sp.

Body cylindrical. Head plus Ist peraeon segment longer than

broad, anterior margin straight with a minute median point, eyes and

ocular lobes distinct. Peraeon segment 2 slightly shorter than 3, 3

and 4 subequal, 5 and 6 subequal, 7 slightly shorter than 6, the

extreme anterior portion of each segment narrower than the rest and

marked off by a distinct transverse furrow. Pleon of same width as

perzon, equal to last 2 pereon segments together, the 6 segments

distinct, telsonic segment broader than long, apically obtuse.

Antenna 1 stout, Ist jomt twice as long as broad, 2nd and 3rd

broader than long, flagellum 1-jointed, tipped with several setae, no

sensory filaments.

Antenna 2, Ist jot short, upper surface of 2nd and 38rd flat

with a sharp inner edge, the two antennae fitting closely together,

inner edge in 3rd apically produced into an acute tooth, lower surface

of 2nd and 3rd also keeled, 4th (? Ist flagellar joint) nearly as long

as 2nd, 5th shorter than 4th, tipped with setae and with obscure

indications of a minute 6th joint.

Mouth-parts in ¢ not aborted.

Epistome not very prominent.

Lower lip, lobes rather narrow ovate, apices subacute.

Mandibles normal, cutting-edyes bifid, a strong secondary cutting-

edge in left.

Maxilla (1), outer plate with 8—9 spines.

330 Annals of the South African Museum.

Maxilliped, 2nd joint not very long, inner plate large, subquadrate,

2 obtuse teeth and a seta on truncate distal margin near inner angle,

distal margin near outer angle finely serrulate and setulose, epipod

short, ovate.

Peraeopod 1 (gnathopod), similar in both sexes, incisive process on

thumb of 6th joint rising distally to a rounded bifid apex, 7th smooth,

moderately stout, evenly curved.

Peraeopod 2 slender, 3rd joint very small, 4th longer than 5th, 6th

longer than 4th, 7th plus unguis equal to 6th, very slender, the unguis

twice the length of joint itself.

Peraeopods 3 and 4 similar but stouter, 4th and 5th joints subequal,

their hinder apices produced.

Peraeopods 5-7, 2nd joint stout, 4th and 5th subequal, 6th only a

little longer than 5th, but more slender, hinder apices of 4th—6th and

distal margin of 5th with a recurved unciform process, inferior margin

of 5th convex and finely setose, 7th } length of 6th, unguis shorter

than joint, curved.

Pleopods developed well in both sexes, rami subequal and furnished

with long plumose sete.

Uropod short, peduncle as long as broad, inner ramus twice length

of peduncle, 2-jointed, 2nd joint rather shorter than Ist, outer ramus

not quite equal to Ist joint of inner ramus, 1-jointed (perhaps 2-jointed,

but suture very obscure and doubtful).

Length: Littoral specimens 4 mm., deeper water specimens 6 mm. ;

breadth: *5 mm. and °75 mm. respectively.

Colour : Littoral specimens in life yellowish-white, eyes black ; deeper

water specimens in spirit dirty pink, eyes reddish-brown.

Locality: Sea Point near Cape Town. 26/2/14. (K.H.B.) 1 6,

1 ovigerous 9, 8 juv.; Cape St. Blaize N. by E., distant 73 miles.

125 fathoms. 38 specimens; Lion’s Head SE. } E., distant 32 miles

(Table Bay). 126 fathoms. 9 specimens living in a sponge covering

the gastropod Argobuccinum murrayi (Smith). —s.s. ‘ Pieter Faure.”

21/12/99 and 8/3/00. (S.A.M. Nos. A2697, A38824 and A3833.)

This species is very likely synonymous with Vanhoffen’s Heterotanars

(7) capensis 1914. Up to the present I have not been able to consult

Vanhoffen’s paper.

Distinguished from P. batei Sars by the stout pereeopod I with

shorter finger and thumb and stronger incisive process on the latter ;

from atlanticus Dollfus by the finger and thumb being shorter than

the rest of the hand; and the latter distinction applies to elongatus

Dana, though on the whole this species is nearest to the Cape species.

P. ignotus Chilton has a 5-jointed inner ramus of the uropod.

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 331

Gren. AGATHOTANAIS Hansen.

19138. Agathotanms Hansen, I.c. p. 63.

AGATHOTANAIS INGOLFI Hansen.

1913. Agathotanais ingolfi Hansen, Le. p. 64, pl. 6, figs. 5a—5o.

A single specimen agrees with Hansen’s description and figures.

The carapace is perhaps a trifle broader posteriorly, with slightly more

rounded postero-lateral angles, and the grooves between the pleon

segments seem a little more pronounced; but beyond these un-

important details I can detect no differences.

As specific differences are not likely to be found in the 2nd maxillee

and as the specimen was very stiff and brittle, I did not attempt to

dissect out these appendages and thus cannot supply the only detail

missing in Hansen’s diagnosis of the genus.

Length : 25 mm.; breadth: °5 mm.

Colour: In spirit chalky white.

Locality : Cape Point N. 89° E., distant 56 miles. 70OOfathoms. 1

¢.s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 20/8/03. (S.A.M. No. A4137).

Geogr. Distribution.—S. of Iceland and Greenland, 788-1199

(Danish) fathoms.

Gen. LEPTOCHELIA Dana.

1849. Leptochelia Dana, Amer. J. Sci. ser. 2, vol. 8, p. 425.

1866. is Bate & Westwood, Br. sess. Crust. vol. 2, p. 152.

1886. - Norman & Stebbing, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. 12,

p. 108.

1896. Dolichochelia Stebbing, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. 17,

p. 49.

1896. Leptochelia id. ibid. p. 156.

1898. ES Dollfus, Mem. Soc. zool. Fr. vol. 11 [1897],

p. 40.

1900. ‘5 Stebbing in Willey’s Zool. Res. pt. 5, p. 614

(references).

1902. -, Moore, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm. vol. 20 [1900],

p. 165.

1902. .s Richardson, Tr. Conn. Ac. Sci. vol. 11, p. 279.

NSGD: 2 os; id. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 54, p. 22,

1905. a Stebbing in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish. Suppl.

Rep. 238, p. 5.

1905. ie Smith, Mitt. Stat. Neapel. vol. 17, p. 335.

1909. rf Hansen, Nath, Meddel, 1909, p. 227,

332 Annals of the South African Museum.

LEPTOCHELIA SAVIGNYI (Kroyer).

1900. Leptochelia lifuensis Stebbing, l.c. p. 616, pl. 54 C (9), D (3),

and pl. 55 B (2).

1900. mi sp. Borradaile, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1900, p. 797,

pl. 51, figs. 2-2e.

1905. Ss lifuensis Stebbing, l.c. p. 7, pl. le(d 2).

1907. .. » Nobilh, Mem. R. Ac. Sci. Torino, ser. 2,

vol. 57, p. 414.

LOO: ss » Stebbing, J. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. 31,

p- 216.

1918. . dubius id. Ann. Durban Mus. vol. 2, pt. 2, p. 62,

pl. 9a.

The specimens are nearest to the Ceylon specimens as regards the

Ist peraeopods (gnathopods) and the 1-joimted outer ramus of the

uropod.

In the Durban specimen the gnathopod is much more strongly

developed than in the Cape specimens so far discovered.

Length : 3-3°5 mm.

Colour: Yellowish-white, posterior margins of the segments rather

deeper in tint, eyes blackish-brown.

Locality: St. James and Buffel’s Bay (both in False Bay). 15/2/14

and 29/9/13. (K.H.B.) 2 ¢ ¢ ; Buffel’s Bay. 1/3/15. (K.H.B.) 69 Q ;

Durban. 19/7/15. ) (EZ) Wi Bell-Marley) 1 70°. (8S: AM Nos:

A2691, A3092, A3306 and A3849.)

Geogr. Distribution: Loyalty Islands and Isle of Pines (Stebbing) ;

Funafuti (Borradaile) ; Ceylon (Stebbing) ; Tuamotu Archipelago and

Gambier Islands, 1-8 metres, amongst Corallines and pearl oysters

(Nobili) ; Red Sea, Suez (Stebbing), etc.

Famity GNATHIIDAE.

Gen. GNATHIA Leach.

For referenees to the family and genus see Barnard, Ann. §.A.

Mus. vol. 10, pt. 7, p. 200, 1914; and add:

1914. Vanhoffen, Deutsche Sitidpol. Exp. vol. 15, pt. 4, p. 487.

1916. Cooper, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 18, p. 124.

GNATHIA SPONGICOLA N. Sp.

(Plate XV. Fig. 9.)

Male.—Head concave in front, anterior margin with two small

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 333

bosses some little distance apart, the margin between these being at a

lower level and having a minute median point, the oblique ridges

from the eyes to the posterior margin each bearing 3-5 small tubercles,

the largest being just above the posterior margin of eye and itself

minutely denticulate ; in some specimens there are also one or two fine

setules. Eyes prominent.

Peraeon segments 2 and 3 (Ist and 2nd free) subequal in length,

not quite as wide as head, the lateral portions somewhat swollen,

more prominent in some specimens than in others ; segment 4 slightly

longer and narrower, not separated by a marked constriction from

segment 3, its lateral portions also rather swollen ; segment 5 nearly

separated into two lateral, rather swollen portions on account of the

anterior margin of segment 6 almost meeting segment 4; segment 6

with rather swollen lateral portions.

Pleon nearly as long as peraeon, normally carried bent beneath the

body, telson with slightly convex sides, apex acute, with two setae.

Female.

Twice as long as broad. Head with a sheht notch on

anterior margin. Fifth peraeon segment a little longer than 4th or

6th.

Larva.— Head truncate, eyes prominent.

Labrum acutely pointed.

Antenna 1 ¢, 3rd joint longest, flagellum 5-jointed, its third joint

longest.

Antenna 2 ¢, 5th joint subequal to 4th, flagellum 8-jointed.

Mandible ¢, greatest breadth less than, though in some specimens

nearly equal to, length, apex acute, inner margin straight, denticulate

almost to the apex, tooth on outer margin very prominent.

Maxilliped, 2nd joint produced on inner distal angle, 4th joint of

palp not incurved.

Peraeopod 1 ¢, Ist joint tapering, inner margin setose, 2nd joint

oval, tipped with setae; in 9 apparently only 2-jointed but with a

nick in Ist joint indicating the fusion of 2 joints.

Peraeopods 2 and 3 ¢, 2nd joint sparsely tuberculate on upper

anterior margin, 3rd scabrous and setose in peraeopod 2 but tuber-

culate in peraeopod 3 on lower (hind) margin, 4th and 5th with large

tubercles on lower margin, 6th with numerous close-set serrations and

2 larger spine-setae, one in the middle of, the other at the apex of the

lower margin.

Peraeopods 4-6 similar but the tubercles on the 2nd joints are on

the upper posterior margin and those on the 8rd—5th joints are

stronger.

In the ? the peraeopods are without tubercles except slight ones on

334 Annals of the South African Museum.

Ath and 5th joints of the anterior peraeopods; in other respects

similar to those of the ¢ though more slender.

Pleopods with 2 hooked setae on inner margin of peduncle, and

narrow subequal rami. :

Uropod, outer ramus shorter and narrower than inner, both with

plumose setae.

Length: g 5mm., 9 4mm.; breadth: g and 9? 2 mm.

Colour : In spirit pinkish or yellowish, eyes reddish, mandibles white.

Locality: Table Mountain 8S. by E. ? E., distant 58 miles. 190

fathoms. 6 ¢ 6,2 29,2 juv.; Cape Point NE. : N., distant 18

miles. 185 fathoms. 15 ¢ 4, 15 juv.; Lion’s Head N. 67° E.,

distant 25 miles. 130 fathoms. 1 ¢@. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 3/4/02,

27/2/02 and 28/3/00. In large Hexactinellid sponges. (S.A.M. Nos.

A4147—9.)

GNATHIA SPONGICOLA var. MINOR 0.

The only points of difference between these specimens and the

typical form are the smaller size, the smaller and more numerous

tubercles on the head, the nearly obsolete lateral swellings of the

peraeon segments, the stouter antennae and peraeopods, the absence

on the 6th joints of the peraeopods of the fine serrations.

The oblique ridges on the head bear a row of rather regularly

arranged little tubercles or granules. ‘

These small differences may be asertbed to habitat. The variety

lives in burrows in a branching sponge, the branches of which are

4—7 mm. in diameter, whereas the typical form inhabits galleries in

large massive sponges.

Each burrow is about 5 mm. long and a little over 1 mm. broad, and

is occupied by a g¢ and an ovigerous 9. The ¢ was found either

sitting in the mouth of the burrow with the mandibles just projecting

or clasping the 9. In this latter position the hinder part of the 3

overlies the anterior part of the 9, which isclasped by the 3 posterior

pairs of peraeopods of the ¢.

Length: g and 9 3mm.; breadth: ¢ 125 mm., ? 15 mm.

Colour: In spirit yellowish, posterior peraeon segments in ¢

purplish, eyes dark, mandibles white.

Locality: Buffel’s Bay (False Bay). 30 fathoms. s.s. ‘“ Pieter

Faure.” 4/10/98 and 26/4/00. (S.A.M. Nos. A4150 and A4151.)

GNATHIA DISJUNCTA N. Sp.

(Plate XV. Fig. 10.)

Male.—Head concave in front, anterior margin with 2 small

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 335

setiferous lobes close together on the median line, the oblique ridges

with a low rounded tubercle just above the posterior margin of eye

and another larger and forwardly directed further back; behind these

tubercles the surface of the head shows a number of points, which do

not. appear to be granules but are very distinct. Eyes not very

prominent.

Peraeon segments 2 and 3 subequal in length, equal to head in

width; segment 4 slightly narrower, not separated by a constriction

from segment 3 ; segment 5 completely separated into two lateral

portions by the meeting of segments 4 and 6 in the middle line ; none

of the segments swollen laterally.

Pleon not as long as peraeon, telson with slightly convex sides,

apex acute, with 2 setae.

Female.—Nearly twice as long as broad. Head with a very slight

notch on anterior margin. Peraeon segments ruptured, relative

lengths of the segments consequently impossible to determine.

Antenna 1 g, 3rd joint slightly the longest, flagellum 4 jointed,

2nd joint much the largest.

Antenna 2 @, 4th and 5th joints subequal. Flagellum 4-jointed.

Mandible @, greatest breadth less than length, apex not slender,

subacute, inner margin gently convex, quite smooth ; tooth on outer

margin very prominent, its front margin slightly denticulate.

Maxilliped, 2nd joint produced on inner distal angle, 4th joint of

palp not incurved.

Peraeopod 1 ¢, semicircular, not tapering, outer margin slightly

emarginate, inner margin setose, 2nd joint rather elongate oval, tipped

with setae; in 9 2-jointed, with a nici in Ist joint.

Peraeopods 2 and 3 ¢, 3rd—5th joints strongly tuberculate on

lower margins, 6th joint with 1 apical spine and 1 in middle of lower

margin.

Peraeopods 4-6 similar, but the tubercles not quite so large as in the

anterior peraeopods

Peraeopods in 2 more slender than in ¢, with only a single apical

tubercle on the 4th and 5th joints

Pleopods with 2 hooked setae on peduncle and narrow subequal rami.

Uropod, outer ramus narrower and stouter than inner, both with

plumose setae,

Length: $ 35mm., 9 3mm.; breadth: § 15mm., 9 175 mm.

Colour: In spirit yellowish, eyes dark, mandibles white.

Locality : Knysna Heads NE. { E., distant 3 miles. 40 fathoms.

ag, lO. sis. “ Pieter Haure. 11/10/0050 (S Ae No; A41 52%)

This species is closely allied to the preceding. In both the medio-

396 Annals of the South African Museum.

dorsal constriction of the 5th peraeon segment is peculiar, though

foreshadowed by the longitudinal groove, more or less broad, in

certain other species, notably G. dentata Sars and abyssorum Sars ;

but in no other species does the 6th segment approach the 4th.

GNATHIA sp.

Female.—Body not quite twice as long as broad. Head with

rounded entire anterior margin. The lateral margins of the head

show a slight bulging in the place where the eye should be, but there

is no trace of pigment or corneal lenses.

Antennae as described for Larva 1.

Maxilliped, inner distal angle of 2nd joint acutely produced, 4th

joint of palp not incurved.

Peraeopod 1 apparently only 1-jointed, the sutures between the

normal 3 joints being impossible to trace.

Telson much longer than its basal width, sides slightly concave,

apex subacute, with 2 setae.

Larva 1.—4 mm. x ‘75 mm. Head triangular, broader at base

than long, lateral margin straight, antero-lateral angles excavated for

the insertion of the antennae, front margin truncate between the

antennae. No trace of eyes.

Telson asin 2.

Head, pleon and all the parts of the peraeon which are strongly

chitinised are covered with little specks more opaque than the rest of

the integument.

Peraeon segments 2 and 3 subequal; 4th chitinised laterally and in

the middle, where there is a large rounded plate; 5th chitinised

laterally only ; 6th chitinised nearly for the whole width but not on

the anterior margin.

Antennae not much longer than greatest width of head, in antenna 1

3rd joint longest, flagellum 5-jointed, Ist very short, 2nd longest ;

in antenna 2 5th joint considerably longer than 4th, flagellum

5-jointed.

Labrum long, ovoid, apex emarginate.

Larva 2.—5 x 1mm. Similar to the last but more swollen.

Larva 3.—5 x 15mm. Similar, but the antennae are here twice

as long as the greatest width of the head, the joints proportionately

the same in length, though more slender. Peraeopod 1, 3rd and 4th

joints subequal, 6th longest, unguis strong and curved, no recurved

denticles or serrations.

Length: 2 5mm.; breadth: 3mm,

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 337

Colour: In spirit 2 colourless, larvae yellowish, the two largest

having the swollen middle segments brown.

Locality : Cape Point N. 89° E., distant 36 miles. 700 fathoms.

1 “spent” 9, 3 larvae. s.s. “Pieter Faure.” 20/8/03. (S.A.M.

No. A4138.)

Owing to the absence of the ¢ it is impossible to assign a specific

name to these specimens.

Famity ANTHURIDAE.

1814. Anthuridae Leach, Edinb. Encyel. vol. 7, pp. 387, 488.

1910. i Stebbing, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. 14, pt. 1, p. 90

(references ).

1914. a Barnard, Ann. S.A. Mus. vol. 10, pt. 11, p. 334a.

Gen. ANTHURA Leach.

1814. Anthura Leach, |.c. p. 404.

1868. rs Bate & Westwood, Br. sess. Crust. vol. 2, p. 157.

1880, Haliophasma Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol. 5, p. 476.

1881. Anthura Chilton, Tr. N.Z. Inst. vol. 14, p. 172.

1882. - id. ibid. vol. 15, p. 72.

1886 5% Norman & Stebbing, Tr. Zool. Soc. vol. 12, p. 121.

1893. . Stebbing, Hist. Crust. p. 331.

1900. » id. in Willey’s Zool. Res. pt. 5, p. 619.

1914. Bs Sexton, J. Mar. Biol. Ass. vol. 10, pt. 2, p. 236.

One of the chief distinguishing characters of this genus is the 5-

jointed maxilliped. This has been well figured by Mrs. Sexton (1.c.

p- 241, figs. 7, 8). In fig. 6 Mrs. Sexton has figured an abnormal

maxilliped in which the terminal joint still shows a distinct suture,

so that there appear to be 4 joints in all. The present specimen

exhibits the same peculharity, though as there is only the one specimen

it is impossible to say whether this 1s normal or not. But it shows

the danger, as pointed out by Mrs. Sexton, of dividing the family

into genera according to the number of joints in the maxillipeds when

only a limited amount of material is at hand.

In this genus there is only one species which is at all thoroughly

known—namely, A. gracilis Mont. A. flagellata Chilton, 1882, from

New Zealand, agrees with gracilis in having a truncate telson. Halio-

phasma maculata Haswell, 1881, from Australia, has been redescribed

by Chilton in 1881 under the name of Anthura affinis. This species

has a linguiform telson and is closely allied to the species described

338 Annals of the South African Museum.

below, presuming that the mouth-parts, which are as yet unknown,

are like those of the typical A. gracilis.

Haswell’s other species, Haliophasma purpurea, 1880, also from

Australia, is easily distinguished by the 3 longitudinal ridges on the

telson; the true systematic position of this species is also still

uncertain.

ANTHURA LINGUICAUDA N. Sp.

Male.—Body narrow, smooth. Head longer than broad, with

minute median point. Eyes well developed. Peraeon segments

nearly flat dorsally, rounded ventrally, 1-5 subequal, 6 and 7 sub-

equal and shorter than the others, 4—6 each with a rounded pit.

Pleon segments 1—5 together nearly equal to peraeon segments 6

and 7, sutures distinct. Telson ovate, tapering to a narrowly rounded

apex, sparsely fringed with simple setae.

Antenna 1, Ist joint slightly the largest, 2nd and 8rd subequal,

flagellum extending to end of 3rd peraeon segment, ca. 22-jomted, with

dense whorls of long setae.

Antenna 2, 2nd joint largest, grooved, 38rd—5th joints increasing in

length, flagellum a little longer than 5th, 4-jointed, sparsely setose.

Mandible, Ist and 5rd joints of palp subequal.

Maxilliped, 3rd joint slightly narrower than 2nd, showing at about

+ of its length from the base a distinct transverse suture, indicating

a coalesced joint. Apex of terminal joint truncate and slightly

emarginate, with 5-6 setae. Epipod half length of 2nd joint, oval.

Peraeopod 1 stout, 5th joint with apex bluntly projecting, 6th

broadly ovate, palm convex at base, excavate distally, setose, finger

plus unguis impinging against apex of 5th, inner margin with 2

small lobes.

Peraeopods 2 and 5 moderately stout, 5th joint underriding 6th, 6th

equal to drd, parallel-sided, inferior margin setose.

Peraeopods 4—7 similar, but 5th joint not underriding 6th ; peraeopod

7 not shorter or more slender than the preceding ones.

Pleopod 1, outer ramus not indurated, inner ramus not much smaller

than outer.

Pleopod 2, inner margin of peduncle with 4 hooked setae, stylet

arising half way along inner margin of inner ramus, straight, apex

blunt, not reaching apex of ramus.

Uropod, inner ramus nearly reaching telsonic apex, 2nd joint nearly

twice as long as broad, oval, fringed with long setae, outer ramus

not very widely separated from its fellow, ovate, outer distal margin

slightly concave, apex subacute, margin fringed with long setae.

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 339

Length: 10°5 mm.; breadth, 1 mm.

Colour ; In spirit pinkish, eyes red.

Locality : Umhlangakulu River NW. by N., distant 7 miles (Natal).

50 fathoms. 1 3, amongst sponges. s.s. ‘Pieter Faure.” 14/3/01.

(S.A.M. No. A4172.

Gen. APANTHURA Stebb.

1900. Apanthura Stebbing, in Willey’s Zool. Res. pt. 5, p. 621.

1910. * id. lLeop. 93.

1914. - Barnard, l.c. p. 340a.

This genus possesses normally a 5-jointed maxilliped. The follow-

ing species, however, while agreeing in all other respects with the

diagnosis, possesses a 6-jointed maxilliped. Moreover there are indica-

tions that the 4th joint is really composed of 2 joints, this being the

only case known of an Anthurid exhibiting the full number of joints

normal in the Isopoda.

APANTHURA SERRICAUDA J. sp.

(Plate XV.” Riess aie 127)

Body moderately elongate. Head } length of Ist peraeon segment,

about as broad as long. Eyes small, oval.

Peraeon segment | shorter than the following segments, 7 shorter

than 1. Pleon segments distinct in both sexes, short, all 5 together

equal to 6th peraeon segment. Telson increasing in width distally,

apex semicircularly rounded, serrate and setose.

Antenna 1 short and stout, Ist joint a little larger than 2nd, 2nd

and 3rd about equal in length, flagellum equal to 3rd joint, obscurely

2-jointed.

Antenna 2, 3rd and 5th joints subequal, 4th shorter, flagellum equal

to 5th joint, very obscurely 3-jointed.

Maxilliped narrow, Ist joint obscure, 3rd short, 4th nearly as long

as 2nd with obscure indications of a suture across the middle, 5th half

as long as 4th, 6th minute, tipped with setae, inner plate as long as

2nd joint, epipod $ length of 2nd joint, narrow, oval.

Remaining mouth-parts as described for A. africana Brnrd.

Peraeopod 1, 5th joint with a very small produced point on inner

apex, 6th ovate, palm perfectly straight and entire, 7th plus unguis

nearly as long as palm.

Peraeopods 2 and 5 similar to Ist but weaker, palm with a spine

near the apex.

340 Annals of the South African Museum.

Peraeopods 4-7 more slender than the preceding, 5th joint under-

riding 6th, inner margin of 5th with 2 spines, of 6th with 1 apical

spine, margins of 6th smooth.

Uropod, lower ramus as long as telson, 2nd joint as long as broad,

rounded, distal margin serrate and setose; upper ramus longer than

lst joimt of lower ramus, broadly ovate, apex blunt, outer margin

serrate and setose.

Length: 5 mm.; breadth, °5 mm.

Colour: Uniform yellowish-white, eyes black.

Locality: Sea Point, near Cape Town. 29/11/13 and 26/2/14.

(K.H.B.) 1 3,1 9 with embryos, 12 juv.; St. James and Buffel’s

Bay (False Bay). 15/2/14 and 1/8/15. (K.H.B.) 1 g, 1 @ with

embryos. (S.A.M. Nos. A2620, A2698, A2692 and A5303 respectively. )

Gren. EXANTHURA Brnrd.

1914. Evanthura Barnard, Ann. 8.A. Mus. vol. 10, pt. 7, p. 336a.

No further specimens of ,the type-species E. macrura have up to the

present been found, but two other specimens have been discovered

among the “ Pieter Faure” material. One of these is an ovigerous

2, the other is without definite sexual characters, but seems to be an

immature ¢. The spiniform process of the Ist antenna may prove to

be a male character in this genus.

EXANTHURA FILIFORMIS (Lucas).

1849. Anthura filiformis Lucas, Anim. Artic. de ?Algérie, p. 63, pl. 5,

fig. 8.

Norman & Stebbing, Tr. Zool. Soe. vol. 12,

p. 130.

Male (?).—Body very narrow, head and dorsal surface of peraeon

pitted. Head longer than broad, with a minute median point. Eyes

well developed. Peraeon segments dorsally flat, with a low but

distinct lateral keel, segments gradually increasing in length to 5th.

6th a little shorter than 5th, 7th half length of 6th, segments 3-6

each with a narrow longitudinal pit. Ventral surface rounded.

Pleon segments 1-5 subequal to 7th peraeon segment, fused but

with distinct sutures dorsally and laterally ; no trace of keels but the

dorsal surface is flat; telson half as long again as pleon segments

1-5, parallel-sided in its basal half, then tapering, the tapering

becoming more rapid on approaching the subacute apex, a median

longitudinal keel extending from base to apex, distal margin sparsely

clothed with plumose setae.

1886. ss

”

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 341

Antenna 1, Ist joint largest, outer margin produced in a large

recurved, spiniform process, 2nd and 38rd subequal, flagellum not

quite as long as peduncle, 6-jointed, Ist joint very short, 2nd longest,

6th and 7th minute.

Antenna 2, 2nd joint largest, grooved, 3rd—5th joints gradually

increasing in length, flagellum shorter than 5th joint, 3-jointed.

Flagella of both antennae sparsely setose.

Upper lip triangular, apically incised.

Lower lip, lobes apically tapering, with a small apical projection.

Mandibles, cutting-edge obscurely crenulate, cutting plate with

recurved teeth, molar not very prominent, palp stout, Ist and 3rd

joint subequal, 2nd longer, 5rd apically setose.

Maxilla | 6-toothed.

Maxilliped 4-jointed, Ist not very distinct, 3rd largest, 4th short,

rounded, with a few apical setae, epipod short, oval.

Peraeopod 1 stout, 2nd joint widening rapidly from a narrow base,

without distal projection, 5th small, triangular, inferior apex sub-

acute, not projecting, 6th large, oblong, scarcely narrowing distally,

palm short, slightly concave in distal half, sparsely setose, finger plus

unguis longer than palm, overlapping apex of 5th, inner margin finely

denticulate.

Peraeopods 2 and 3 fairly stout, third jomt % length of 2nd, 4th

distally as wide as long, 5th underriding 6th, which is equal to 3rd,

slightly ovate, inferior margin sparsely setose, with a stout apical

spine, finger shorter than 6th.

Peraeopods 4-7 similar but 5th jomt not underriding 6th, with a

spine on inferior apex ; peraeopod 7 not appreciably shorter or more

slender than the preceding ones.

Pleopod 1 large, outer ramus opercular, indurated, outer surface

with one median longitudinal groove and another just within the

outer margin, the surface between the grooves pitted, distal margin

densely fringed with plumose setae, inner ramus thin, scarcely half as

wide as outer ramus.

No stylet showing on pleopod 2.

Uropod, inner ramus not quite reaching telsonic apex, ventral

surface of lst joint strongly keeled, 2nd shorter than Ist, subtriangular,

longer than its basal width, apex rounded, inner margin straight,

outer margin straight or slightly concave, densely fringed with

plumose setae, outer ramus not meeting its fellow, reaching just

beyond apex of Ist joint of inner, ovate, outer distal margin concave,

apex acute, whole of outer margin densely fringed with plumose

setae.

342 Annals of the South African Museum.

Ovigerous 2 .—Body not very narrow, dorsal surface of head and

peraeon pitted. Head as broad as long, with minute median point.

Eyes well developed. Peraeon segments dorsally slightly convex,

segment 2 longest, segments 3-6 shorter than the preceding, subequal,

a little longer than broad, 7 half length of six, a slight circular pit on

segments 3-6.

Pleon segments 1—5 longer than peraeon segment 7, fused, but with

the sutures distinct dorsally and laterally, 2 low rounded dorsal sub-

median longitudinal ridges ; telson about as long as rest of pleon plus

peraeon segment 7, lanceolate, swelling slightly in basal third, then

tapering gradually to the subacute apex, a median longitudinal keel

extending from base to apex, swelling out at the base where there is a

deep oval median pit ; distal margin densely clothed with long plumose

setae.

Antenna 1, Ist joint largest but not swollen, 2nd and 5rd subequal

in length, flagellum not quite as long as peduncle, 7-jointed, 1st joint

short, 2nd largest, 6th and 7th minute.

Antenna 2, 2nd joint largest, grooved, 3rd—5th joints gradually

increasing in length, flagellum a little longer than 5th peduncular

joint, 5-jomted, 5th joint minute. Flagella of both antennae sparsely

setose.

Mouth parts as described above.

Peraeopod 1 stout, 2nd joint very narrow at base, swelling very

rapidly, without distal projection, 5th small, subtriangular, inferior

apex bluntly projecting, 6th large, oval, produced backwards almost

to level of base of 5rd, narrowing distally, palm straight, sparsely

setose, finger plus unguis as long as palm, inner margin denticulate.

Peraeopods 2-7 and pleopod 1 as described above.

Uropod as described above, but 2nd joint of inner ramus oval, inner

and outer margins convex.

Length: 8 23 mm., 2 13 mm.; breadth: head 1 mm., 6th peraeon

segment ¢ 15 mm., 9 2 mm.

Colour: In spirit ¢ brownish, eyes dark, 2 yellowish, eyes reddish.

Locality: Lion’s Head SE. + E., distant 50 miles (off Cape Peninsula).

230 fathoms. 1 @; Cape St. Blaize N. by E., distant 73 miles. 125

fathoms. 1 ovigerous 9. s.s. “Pieter Faure.” 2/4/02 and 21/12/99.

(S.A.M. Nos. A4012 and A3825.)

Geogr. Distribution : Algeria (Lucas).

The “male” specimen agrees so exactly with Lucas’s description that,

in spite of the brevity of the latter, it seems impossible to assign this

specimen to any other species. Some future student may be in a

position to compare Algerian (or Lucas’s type) specimens with the

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 343:

present description, and if necessary will rename the South African

specimens. For the present, problematical differences cannot be used

as a reason for separating the forms.

E. filiformis is easily distingished by its keeled telson. No other

species in the family has a keeled telson except Haliophasma purpurea

Haswell, and this species (whose generic position is still uncertain)

has 3 longitudinal keels. EH. macruwra Brnrd. has shght indications,

at the base, of 3 keels or rather of 2 submedian grooves, but they are

very indistinct and do not reach more than half way towards the

apex.

Gren. PARANTHURA Bate & Westw.

1866. Paranthura Bate & Westwood, Br. sess. Crust. vol. 2, p. 163.

1914 BS Barnard, Ann. S.A. Mus. vol. 10, pt. 11, p. 347a

(references).

PARANTHURA PUNCTATA (Stimps.).

1855. Anthura punctata Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. vol. 7,

p-. 392.

1914. Paranthura ,, Barnard, l.c. p. 348a, pl. 29 c.

A fine specimen from the ‘“ Pieter Faure” collection leaves no

doubt that the specimens mentioned in my previous paper were rightly

assigned to Stimpson’s species. The specimen came from just outside

False Bay and is yellowish with black speckling on the dorsal surface.

The sex is not apparent, but it is probably an immature female.

Length : 15 mm.; breadth: 15 mm.

Locality: Cape Hangklip N. by E., distant 12 miles. 73 fathoms.

Il specimen. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 19/11/08. (S.A.M. No. A4168).

The specimen was found in the central cavity of a calcareous sponge

of the genus Leuconia.

Gen. PSEUDANTHURA Rich.

1911. Pseudanthura Richardson, Bull. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Paris, 1911,

No: 7, p. 023:

This genus was instituted to receive an Anthurid collected off the

coast of Dakar in deep water by the Talisman.” It is characterised

by the rudimentary outer ramus of the uropod—a feature quite unique

in the family. Although two specimens were found, the nature of the

mouth parts was left undetermined. Moreover for purposes of specific

344: Annals of the South African Museum.

determination Richardson’s description is lacking in detail, e. g. the Ist

peraeopod is described as “ prehensile with a large propodus.” Nor

has the species been figured.

In spite of this, I think there can be little doubt that the Cape

specimens are specifically the same as the ‘‘ Talisman” specimens.

The genus belongs to that section of the Anthuridae which has

styliform mouth-parts, these appendages being somewhat similar to

those of the genus Calathura N. & 8.

PSEUDANTHURA LATERALIS Rich.

(Plate XV. Figs. 13-16.)

1911. Pseudanthura lateralis Richardson, l.c. p. 524.

Miss Richardson's description applies to the Cape specimens, but in

addition the following details may be given.

The specimens are smaller, but the relative lengths of the head and

peraeon and pleon segments are the same as given for the type-speci-

mens. The sex of the latter is not mentioned, but they seem to have

been females to judge by the description of the Ist antenna. The

male possesses the same ventral process on the Ist peraeon segment

and the 2 dorsal tubercles on segments 2 and 3.

Antenna 1 ¢g, Ist jomt larger than 2nd plus 3rd, 2nd and 3rd

shorter and stouter than in @, flagellum of 10 distinct joints, of which

the first 4 are swollen and broader than long, the rest slender and

longer than broad, the first 6 joints densely setose.

Antenna 2, 2nd joint the stoutest, but 5th longest, flagellum in ¢

10-jointed.

Upper lip tapering to a subacute apex.

Lower lip with acute apices.

Mandibles stout and not very elongate, apices acute, palp stout,

Ist joint shortest, 3rd a trifle shorter than 2nd, distal half of its

margin with a regular row of setae.

Maxilla 1 long, slender, apically serrulate.

Maxilliped, 2nd joint produced acutely on inner apex, palp composed

of 1 or possibly 2 joints ; epipod small, oval.

The mouth-parts bear a strong likeness to those of Calathura

norvegica as figured by Sars in Crust. Norw. vol. 2, pl. 19.

Peraeopod 1 alike in both sexes, but rather stronger in the 2,

surface of all the joints scaly, 2nd equal to 38rd—5th joints together,

narrow proximally, swelling rapidly, 3rd 3 length of 2nd, 4th strongly

produced on anterior margin so that breadth is here twice length, 5th

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 345

small, subtriangular, with 4-5 spinules on inferior margin, 6th large,

as long as 2nd, regularly oval, no tooth or projection at base of

inferior margin, which is spinulose, finger reaching to apex of 5th,

slender, curved, limits of finger and unguis not distinct.

Peraepods 2 and 5 slender, 4th joint } length of 3rd, 5th half 4th,

underriding 6th, which is longer than 4th plus 5th, but shorter than

3rd, inner margin with 8—9 stout, cilium-bearing spines, 7th a little

more than } length of 6th.

Peraepods 4-6, 5th joint a little longer than 4th, not underriding

6th, inner margin with 2-5 spines, 6th a little longer than 5th, inner

margin with 5-5 spines, 7th equal to 5th.

Peraeopod 7 conspicuously shorter than the preceding, the pro-

portions of the joints the same, inner margin of 6th with 3 spines.

Pleopod | operculiform, outer ramus indurated, with straight inner

margin and convex setose outer margin, apex acute, inner ramus

delicate, only 4 as long and as wide as outer, tapering to a fine point.

Pleopod 2 in @, inner ramus a little shorter than outer, male

stylet twice length of inner ramus, apically curved, with the tip acute

and uncinately recurved.

Uropod, inner ramus folding under and reaching to the apex

telson, inner margin with a long seta in a small notch towards the

apex, outer distal margin serrate, apex subacute, outer ramus on the

outer margin of the basal third of inner ramus, movable but small

and scale-like, with 2-5 apical setules.

Length: ¢ 16mm.; 2 18 mm.

Colour : In spirit dirty white.

Locality: Cape Point N. 86° E., distant 43 miles. 900-1000 fathoms.

146,299. ss. ‘‘Pieter Faure.” 19/8/08. (S.A.M. No. A8832.)

reogr. Distribution : Near Dakar, W. Africa, 930-3200 metres.

Famity EURYDICIDAE.

1905. Eurydicidae Stebbing in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish. Suppl.

Rep. 23, p. 10.

1914. ie Barnard, Ann. 8.A. Mus. vol. 10, pt. 1], p. 850a.

Gen. CIROLANA Leach.

1818. Cirolana Leach, Dict. Sci. Nat. vol. 12, p. 347.

1914. is Barnard, l.c. p. 35la (references).

1914. * Vanhéffen, Deutsche Siidpol. Exp. vol. 15, pt. 4,

p. 496.

346 Annals of the South African Museum.

CIROLANA CRANCHII Leach.

1818. Cirolana cranchii Leach, Dict. Sci. Nat. vol. 12, p. 347.

1890. e a Hansen, Vid. Selsk. Skr. ser. 6, vol. 5, pp.

321, 341, pl. 3, figs. 3-3/.-

1914. 3 vicina Barnard, Ann.§.A. Mus. vol. 10, pt. 11, p. 351a,

pl. 50s.

TOL. ce eranchii Stebbing, ibid. vol. 17, pt. 1, p. 15.

Stebbing has expressed the opinion that vicina and also parva

Hansen might well be merged into erdachii. With regard to vicina,

after having examined further specimens, I am disposed to agree, but

not with regard to parva, which seems to be distinguished by the

frontal lamina and the more broadly rounded telsonie apex.

CIROLANA FLUVIATILIS Stebb.

(Plate XV. Fig. 19.)

1902. Cirolana fluviatilis Stebbing, 8. Afr. Crust. pt. 2, p. 52.

Since the frontal lamina is an important character in distinguishing

the species of this genus and was not described by Stebbing, a

description and figure of it are given here.

In a co-type from Stebbing the frontal lamina is twice as long as

broad, very slightly broader anteriorly than posteriorly, sides straight,

anterior margin semicircularly rounded. It does not meet the anterior

margin of the head, the bases of the first antennae being contiguous.

Three specimens from East London (Rk. M. Lightfoot, 1914, S.A.M.

No. A2849) and several from Zwartkops River, Port Elizabeth (Mrs.

T. V. Paterson, S.A.M. No. A2254), have the crenulations on the hind

margins of the peraeon segments and the tubercles on the pleon

seoments almost or quite obsolete and the interrupted keels on the

telson very indistinct.

On the other hand two more specimens from Zwartkops River

(Mrs. Paterson, S.A.M. No. A2268) show these features very clearly,

and the keels on the telson are composed of 5 or 6 separate elongate

tubercles ; consequently in this case there is a strong temptation to

unite this species with C. pleonastica Stebb.

The colour of fresh specimens is a clear semi-transparent lemon-

yellow, but the animals are usually much coated with mud; eyes

black.

CIROLANA LITTORALIS DN. Sp.

(Plate XV. Fig. 17.)

Body smooth. Head with a very narrow median point separating

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 347

the Ist antennae. Frontal lamina meeting the rostrum, about as

broad as long, anterior margin obtusely pointed, a prominent and

outstanding transverse ridge across the middle, but not produced into

a horn.

Peraeon and pleon segments not denticulate on posterior margin.

Fifth pleon segment without free margins.

Telson a little longer than broad, triangular, lateral margins

straight, apex subacute, with 8 short, stout spines and a few plumose

setae.

Antenna 1 reaching to end of peduncle of antenna 2, flagellum

13-jointed.

Antenna 2 reaching to 3rd peraeon segment, flagellum 26-

jointed.

Mouth-parts normal.

Peraeopod 1, 8rd joint with 1 spine on inner margin, 4th with 6

stout apically truncate spines on inner margin, inner apex of 5th with

1 spine-seta set between 2 tubercles, 6th with 4 spines alternating

with small rounded tubercles.

Peraeopod 2, 3rd joint with 3 apical and 2 smaller subapical spines

on inner margin, outer apex bluntly produced, with 3 stout spine-

setae, 4th with 9-10 stout blunt spines on inner margin, outer apex

with 1 spine, inner apex of 5th with 5 spines and a tubercle below

them, inner margin of 6th with 4 spines alternating with 4 small

rounded tubercles.

The other peraeopods moderately slender, 2nd joint of 5th—7th

peraeopods not expanded or furnished with long setae.

Uropod, inner ramus reaching apex of telson, distal margin with a

few short plumose setae and 8 stout spines, apex subacute, outer

distal margin with a few short plumose setae and 3 spines, outer

ramus a little shorter, ovate, apex bifid, outer margin with 6 stout

spines, inner distal margin with 4 stout spines and some plumose

setae, inner apex of peduncle reaching half-way along inner

ramus.

Length: 12-13 mm.; breadth: 4 mm.

Colour: Yellowish-white speckled with dark grey, eyes black.

Locality: Saldanha Bay, 5/9/12. (K.H.B.) 1 specimen; Dyer’s

Island. April, 1915. (J. Drury.) 1 adult and 1 juv. (S.A.M.

Nos. A2465 and A3383.)

In the shape of the frontal lamina this species closely resembles

C. schiidtei Miers, 1884, from the Arafura Sea, but lacks the two

setose tracts on the telson which are so conspicuous in Miers’ figure,

although not mentioned in his description.

348 Annals of the South African Museum.

CIROLANA MEINERTI 0D. sp.

(Plate XV. Fig. 18.)

Body smooth. Head with a minute median point, not reaching the

frontal lamina and not (or only partially) separating the Ist antenne.

Frontal lamina pentagonal, twice as long as broad, apex acute, distal

oblique margins shorter than the straight side margins.

Peraeon segment smooth, microscopically and sparsely punctate.

Pleon segment 4 with ca. 12 indistinct little denticles on pos-

terior margin, segment 5 without free margins and with ca. 12 little

denticles, of which the 2 central ones are the largest, on the posterior

margin.

Telson longer than broad, triangular, margins slightly convex, apex

subacute, distal margins set with plumose setae and 7-8 rather slender

and widely separated spines; dorsal surface with a patch of short

setae on either side of the middle line near the apex.

Antenna 1 reaching to end of peduncle of antenna 2, Ist and 2nd

joints indistinct, flagellum 22-jointed.

Antenna 2 reaching to end of 3rd peraeon segment, 4th and 5th

joints subequal, flagellum 32-jointed.

Mouth-parts normal.

Peraeopod 1, 5rd joimt with 2 spine-setae on outer apex, 4th with

4 short stout spines at base and 2 at apex on inner margin, inner

margin of 6th with 4 spines, of which the 4th is at the apex and

much larger than the others, margin between the spines strongly

denticulate.

Peraeopod 2, 3rd joint with 2 long spines on outer apex and 3 short

stout ones on inner apex, 4th with 3 long spines on outer apex, inner

margin with 5 stout spines near base and 3 on apex, 5th with 3 spines

on inner apex, inner margin of 6th with 4 spines, the 4th at the apex

and much larger than the others, margin between the spines feebly

denticulate.

Peraeopods 5-7 moderately slender, well armed with spines, 2nd

joint not setose, inner distal margin indistinctly serrulate.

Male appendages on 7th segment short, stout, apically blunt, their

distance apart more than the width of one of them.

Pleopod 2, inner margin of peduncle with 4 hooked setae, stylet in

¢ a little longer than ramus, straight, tapering to an acute apex,

minutely setulose.

Uropod, inner ramus reaching to telsonic apex, apex subacute, distal .

margin with ca. 8 slight notches, each with a rather slender spine, and

thickly fringed with plumose setae, outer margin with plumose setae

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 349

and distally ca. 4 spines, outer ramus a little shorter, both margins

with plumose setae, inner distal margin with 3-4 spines.

Length: 20 mm.; breadth: 6°5 mm.

Colour: In spirit dirty pinkish.

Locality: Cape Morgan N. 4 W., distant 10 miles. 77 fathoms.

1 g. ss. “ Pieter Faure.” 26/7/01. (S.A.M. No. A8837.)

This species resembles C. schiidtei Miers in having 2 setose tracts

on the telson, and is named after Schiddte’s collaborator. In respect to

the frontal lamina this species differs widely from schiidtei, but is

closely allied to cranchii Leach, in which, however, the dorsal surface

is perfectly smooth.

CIROLANA PALIFRONS ND. sp.

(Plate XV. Figs. 20, 21.)

Body strongly convex, smooth, minutely granular on the posterior

portions of the peraeon segments and on the side-plates. Head

moderately immersed in Ist peraeon segment, anterior margin strongly

convex, produced over and hiding the bases of Ist antenne. Eyes

moderately large.

Peraeon segment | longest, segments 2—6 subequal, 7th a little shorter

than 6th, 5th—7th each with a shallow groove on the posterior margin.

Side-plates on segments 2-4 quadrangular, on segments 5-7 produced

beyond posterior margins of their segments, apices subacute, that on

segment 5 with 1, those on segments 6 and 7 with 2, oblique keels.

Pleon segment 1 completely hidden under last peraeon segment,

segment 2 not produced, 3 and 4 laterally produced, 4 overlapping 5,

posterior margins of 2—5 crenulate.

Telson triangular, apex subacute, 2 small tubercles at the base on

either side of 2 median keels; the right-hand keel runs straight to

the apex, the other diverges to a lobe on the left margin, evidently the

result of an injury, so that it is impossible to say how close together

the two keels are normally ; lateral margins and apex densely fringed

with plumose setae.

Frontal lamina pentagonal, longer than broad, anterior margin

biconcave with median point, which just meets the median point on

front of head, side margins straight, slightly converging to the

straight base.

Antenna 1, Ist and 2nd joints short, distinct, 5rd a little longer,

flagellum 7-jointed.

Antenna 2 incomplete.

Mouth-parts normal.

390 Annals of the South African Museum.

Peraeopods much broken, apparently without distinctive features,

1-3 with stout blunt spine-tubercles on inner margins of 38rd—5th

joints, 2nd joints of peraeopods 5—7 without fringes of setae.

Male appendages on 7th segment a little distance apart, curved

towards one another, short, stout.

Pleopod 1, outer ramus twice as broad as inner ramus.

Pleopod 2, outer ramus considerably broader than, but not twice as

broad as, inner ramus, stylet in g 4 as long again as ramus, slightly

incurved distally, tapering evenly.

Uropod, inner apex of peduncle produced, margins of both rami

with dense fringe of plumose setae, outer apex of inner ramus subacute.

Length: 9 mm.; breadth: 3°5 mm.

Colour: In spirit yellowish, eyes dark.

Locality: 33° 6'S., 28° 11’ E. (off East London). 85 fathoms. 1 ¢.

s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 28/1/99. (S.A.M. No. A4125.)

The specific name from pala (a shovel), in allusion to the projecting

front of the head.

CIROLANA CINGULATA D0. sp.

(Plate XV. Figs. 22, 23.)

Body strongly convex, glabrous. Head nearly completely immersed

in Ist peraeon segment, anterior margin not strongly convex, 5 trans-

verse grooves across the whole width of head, including the eyes, the

hindermost one only punctate-striate. Eyes moderately large.

Peraeon segment | longest, 2-6 subequal, 7 a little shorter; segment

1 with a transverse groove on posterior margin with 3 rows of punctae

in front of it, inferior lateral margin with 2 grooves; segment 2 with

1 transverse groove and 2 rows of punctae, segment 5 with 2 grooves

with an intervening row of punctae, segment 4 with 4 grooves (2 of

them being really only punctate-striate), segments 5-7 each with 4

grooves, the last groove in each case having its anterior margin

minutely crenulate. Side-plates on segments 2-4 quadrangular, each

with 1 oblique ridge, on segments 5-7 slightly produced, with subacute

apices and 2 oblique ridges with an intervening groove.

Pleon segment 1 completely hidden under last peraeon segment,

segment 2 visible only laterally, not produced, segments 3 and 4

laterally produced, 4 overlapping 5, 2-5 each with a transverse row of

granules or denticles.

Telson triangular, apex subacute, 2 small tubercles at base on either

side of a broad median ridge which runs to apex and is ornamented

with 2 punctate-striate grooves, rest of the surface with scattered

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 351

granules; lateral margins and apex densely fringed with plumose

setae ; there are indications also of spines on the apex, but these have

been broken off.

Frontal lamina about as long as broad, anterior margin convex,

projecting freely and not meeting the median point of head; antero-

lateral angles rounded, sides straight.

Antenna 1, Ist and 2nd joints short, distinct, 3rd a little longer,

flagellum shorter than peduncle, 5-jointed.

Antenna 2, flagellum 15-jointed.

Mouth-parts normal.

Peraeopods very much broken, but apparently without distinctive

features, 2nd joints of peraeopods 5—7 without fringes of setae.

Male appendages on 7th segment a little distance apart, curving

towards one another, short, stout.

Pleopod 1, outer ramus very broad, more than twice as wide as inner.

Pleopod 2, outer ramus not twice as wide as inner, stylet + as long

again as ramus, slightly incurved distally, tapering evenly.

Uropod, inner apex of peduncle produced, margins of both rami

densely fringed with plumose setae, distal margin of inner ramus also

with strong spines, outer apex of inner ramus sub-bifid.

Length: 9 mm.; breadth: 3 mm.

Colour: In spirit greyish, eyes dark.

Locality: 33° 6'S., 28° 11' E. (off East London). 85 fathoms. 1 ¢.

s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 28/1/99. (S.A.M. No. A4126.)

GeN. CONILORPHEUS Stebb.

1905. Conilorpheus Stebbing in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish. Suppl.

Rep. 28, pp. 11, 18.

1908. 5 id. S.A. Crust. pt. 4, p. 46.

CoNILORPHEUS SCUTIFRONS, Stebb.

1908. Conilorpheus scutifrons Stebbing, l.c. p. 46, pl. 31.

In the original description of the genus Stebbing made the narrow-

ness of the head and body one of the distinguishing features of the

genus ; but when describing the second species he remarked that only

the narrowness of the head could be considered as distinctive. Up to

the present only one male of both species has been known.

The “ Pieter Faure” collection contains a specimen of both sexes,

so that I am able to describe the female, thereby showing that the

width of the body relatively to its length is largely a sexual feature.

352 Annals of the South African Museum.

The g measures 9mm. X 3mm. The head is longer and squarer

than in Stebbing’s figure (dorsal view) and has 3 transverse rugae

between the eyes. The anterior peraeopods are broken off at the 2nd

joits. As in Stebbing’s figure, the Ist pleon segment is distinct, the

2nd showing very faint traces of tubercles, in other respects agreeing

with Stebbing’s description.

The ? measures 6mm. x 3mm. It agrees with the ¢ in general,

the head being as described above. The transverse grooves on segments

1-8 and those on the posterior side-plates and the tubercles on seg-

ments 5-7 much more pronounced than in the ¢. There are also

distinct traces of tubercles on segments 3 and 4, The tubercles on the

pleon and telson are likewise much more prominent, pleon segment 2

with a row of small but distinct tubercles. Pleon segment 1 is

completely hidden under the last peraeon segment. :

Locality: 33° 53’ 8., 25° 51’ E. 26 fathoms. 1 ¢; Umkomaas

River NW. by W. 4 W., distant 5 miles. 40 fathoms. 1 2. ss.

“Pieter Faure.” 6/12/98 and 31/12/00. (S.A.M. Nos. A4081 and

A4083.)

GNATHOLANA 0. g.

Head narrow, immersed in Ist paraeon segment, with a small median

process. Frontal lamina not distinct, being fused with the median

process of head. Pleon segment 1 completely hidden under last

peraeon segment, 4th overlapping 5th. Antenna 1 with Ist and 2nd

joints indistinctly separated. Epistome, upper lip and mandibles

directed forwards. Mandibles very stout, the cutting process much

produced, conical, apically acute, secondary cutting-edge, molar and

palp normal. Maxilla 1 with outer plate unusually large. Maxilliped

with inner plate very small, with 1 coupling hook. Pleopod 1 not

indurated, peduncle not longer than broad, inner ramus half width of

outer. Pleopod 2 with male stylet arising from base of ramus. Uropod

with peduncle internally produced, outer ramus much smaller than

inner.

This genus is remarkable for the great development of the mandibles.

It is distinguished from Hansenolana and Conilorpheus, the other

genera with relatively narrow head immersed in Ist peraeon segment,

by the absence of a distinct frontal lamina.

GNATHOLANA MANDIBULARIS N. Sp.

(Plate XV. Figs. 24, 25.)

Body strongly convex. Head scarcely half the width of the body,

a little broader than long, deeply immersed in Ist peraeon segment,

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 358

anterior margin slightly convex on either side between the eyes and

the short, squarish median process. Eyes moderately large, on the

lateral margins.

Peraeon segment 1 embracing the head, nearly twice as long as 2,

segments 2-5 increasing slightly in length, 6 and 7 shorter ; segments

3-6 with a slight transverse groove across the middle of the segment,

all the segments except the Ist with the posterior margin setose, more

strongly so on the posterior segments, segments 5-7 in addition with

a transverse row of pointed tubercles on the posterior margin.

Side-plates on segments 2-4 quadrangular, as long as their segments,

those on segments 5—7 moderately produced, apically subacute.

Pleon segment 1 entirely concealed by 7th peraeon segment ;

segment 2 bounded laterally by the last pair of side-plates, segments

3 and 4 produced laterally, 4 overlapping 5, segments 2-5 each with a

transverse row of granules and setae.

Telson about as broad as long, triangular, margins sinuous, apex

narrowly rounded, with long plumose setae and 6 spines, dorsal surface

irregularly and not densely granulate, setose.

Frontal lamina completely fused with the median process of head.

Epistome and upper lip projecting forwards, both broader than

long, upper lip a little longer than epistome, distal margin emarginate,

lateral angles rounded.

Antenna | reaching to middle of peraeon segment 1, Ist and 2nd

joints rather indistinctly separated, together a little longer than 3rd,

flagellum subequal to peduncle, 9-jointed.

Antenna 2 reaching to end of peraeon segment 1, 4th and 5th joints

subequal, flagellum scarcely as long as peduncle, 14-jointed.

Mandible very stout, projecting forwards, cutting process strongly

chitinised, brown, acute, slightly incurved, secondary cutting-edge

(proportionately) very small, 4 dentate, molar normal, serrate, palp

small, Ist and 2nd joints equal, 3rd shorter.

Maxilla 1, outer plate large, with 15 spines, the largest ones faintly

denticulate, inner plate much smaller than outer, with 3 very stout

plumose setae.

Maxilla 2, outer and middle plates subequal, inner considerably

shorter, its innermost setae stouter than the rest.

Maxilliped, 2nd joint longest, but not elongate, 4th and 5th broadest,

6th and 7th much narrower than 5th, inner plate very small, with

1 coupling-hook.

Peraeopod 1, 4th joint scarcely produced on anterior apex, 5th small,

underriding 6th, 6th cylindrical, twice as long as broad, inner margins

of 4th—6th with respectively 9, 3, 14 strong curved spines.

354 Annals of the South African Museum.

Peraeopods 2 and 3 similar, but 3rd and 4th joints stouter, 4th

produced on anterior apex, inner margins of 4th-6th with respectively

6, 2, 3 spines, those on 4th stout and short, the others more slender

but not as long as those on peraeopod 1, inferior apex of 3rd also with

2 stout spines.

Peraeopods 5-7 increasing in length, 2nd joint without plumose

setae, 3rd—6th rather strongly armed with spines.

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment short, a little distance apart.

Pleopod 1 not indurated, peduncle broader than long, inner margin

with 5-hooked setae, outer ramus broadly ovate, inner ramus only

half the width of outer.

Pleopod 2, inner ramus broader than in pleopod 1, but not nearly

as broad as outer ramus; stylet attached at base, 4 as long again as

ramus, tapering gradually to a subacute apex.

Uropods large in proportion to telson, peduncle produced on inner

apex, inner ramus broadly ovate, outer ramus much smaller, ovate,

both rami with the dorsal surface setose and the margins strongly

armed with spines and plumose setae.

Length: 55 mm. ; breadth: 2°5 mm.

Colour : In spirit yellowish-brown, eyes black.

Locality : 33° 6'S8.,28° 11’ E. 85fathoms. 12. s.s.‘ Pieter Faure.”

28/1/99. (S.A.M. No. A4118.)

Famity CORALLANIDAER.

1890. Corallanidae (part) Hansen, Videns. Selsk. Skr. ser. 6, vol. 5,

pt. 3, p. 280.

1914. 3 Barnard, Ann. §.A. Mus. vol. 10, pt. 11, p. 357a

(references).

Gen. LANOCIRA Hansen.

1890. Lanocira Hansen, l.c. pp. 318, 391, 395.

1914. a Barnard, 1.c. p. 359a (references).

LANocIRA CAPENSIS Brnrd.

1913. Lanocira sp? Tattersall, Tr. Roy. Soc. Edinb. vol. 49, pt. 4,

p. 880.

1914. 5 capensis Barnard, l.c. p. 359a, pl. 31a.

Although in the original description certain characters were pointed

out in which this species differed from L. gardineri Stebb., there yet

remained the possibility that it might be found later to be identical

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 355

with the Indian Ocean species. Further specimens are now available

which render possible a more complete definition of the Cape species,

proving that this species is distinct from any of the other species of

the genus.

In the ¢ previously examined the characteristic features were so

slightly developed that they were overlooked, but with the clue afforded

by the new specimens they can be just distinguished; the two lots of

specimens are thus undoubtedly conspecific. In the original description

mention was made of the horn on the head and the 2 ocular tubercles;

there is in addition a slight concavity on the lst peraeon segment,

being a continuation of that on the head. In the fully developed ¢

there is a tubercle on either side of this hollow and also a short

transverse ridge-like median tubercle on the posterior margin of the

same segment (Ist). Thus there are altogether siz elevations on the

head and Ist peraeon segment. This is the diagnostic feature of

the species.

In the 2 the median point of the head is prominent and margined

but not upturned ; behind it is a very shallow median longitudinal

cavity.

The surface of the body in hoth sexes is rather coarsely pitted, the

setae arising from these pits; the pitting remains the same irrespective

of the setose covering. This pitting causes the posterior margins of

the 7th peraeon segment and Ist and 2nd pleon segments, especially

the lateral portions of the latter segment, to appear as if crenulate or

-denticulate.

The ° is always more densely setose than the ¢.

The frontal lamina is somewhat variable in shape and proportions,

but appears to be at least as long as broad, usually a little longer

than broad, the lateral margins slightly thickened and raised, con-

verging to a narrow base.

Maxilla 1 in the adult ¢ and the larger 2 ? is stronger, in some

cases very like that of zeylanica Stebb.

The ¢ appears to assume its full complement of dorsal tubercles at

a length of about 7°5 mm. and grows to a length of 10 mm. Ovi-

gerous 9 9 range from 75 mm. to 11 mm. in length. Specimens

taken between tide-marks do not seem to grow as large as those from

deeper water.

Colour - Spirit specimens are dull pinkish, with a few black pigment

specks still visible.

Additional localities: Kalk Bay. 1 immature ¢ (R. M. Lightfoot),

low tide. Bakkoven Rock NW. by W., distant 2 miles. 24 fathoms.

1 g, 2 ovigerous 2 2; Buffel’s Bay. 30 fathoms. 1 ¢ ; Cape

356 Annals of the South African Museum.

Hangklip N. by E., distant 12 miles. 13 fathoms. 1 @, 2 juv.;

off Cape Hangklip. 2 ovigerous ? 2. s.s. ‘‘ Pieter Faure.” 11/11/02,

26/4/00, 19/11/03, and April, 1898. (S.A.M. Nos. A2709, A8827,

A3885, A4076and A4117 respectively.)

All the localities are situate in False Bay. The specimens from the

“Pieter Faure” collection were all taken out of galleries in various

kinds of sponges, one being also found in the central cavity of a

Leuconia-like sponge.

The following specimens are kept separate for these reasons: they

appear to be exactly like the typical form, but differ in the shape of

the frontal lamina. This has the basal portion rather deeply set and

more or less covered by the epistome, so that it appears wider than

long. It thus presents a very different appearance from that of the

typical specimens. In these latter the whole of the frontal lamina can

be seen without depressing the epistome, and moreover it is consider-

ably narrower. As in the typical form a certain amount of variation

can be observed, so that a perfect transition from one to the other may

yet be found.

Unfortunately no adult ¢ was found amongst these specimens, so

their specific identity must for the present remain doubtful.

In the 9 the front margin of the head is not quite so prominent

and is less distinctly margined, and the dorsal surface shows not the

shghtest trace of a longitudinal concavity.

Length: Ovigerous 2, 9-11'5 mm.; breadth: 45-5 mm.

Colour: As noted above.

Locality: 34° 7’ 8., 25° 43’ E. (off Cape Recife). 56 fathoms. 1

immature ¢; Umkomaas River NW. by W. 3 W., distant 5 miles

(Natal). 40 fathoms. 1 juv. ¢, 3 ovigerous 2? 2, 1 juv.; Rockland

Point NW. 3 N., distant 2 miles (False Bay). 1 ovigerous ?, 1

juv.; 33° 53'8., 25° 51' E. (Algoa Bay). 26 fathoms. 1 ovigerous 9 ;

Seal Islands SW. 48., distant 1 mile (False Bay). 11 fathoms. 2

ovigerous 9 9 ; Bakkoven Rock NW. by W., distant 2 miles (False

Bay). 24 fathoms. 1 ovigerous ? ; Tugela River N. by W. } W.,

distant 15 miles (Natal). 40 fathoms. 2 juv. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.”

14/11/98, 31/12/00, 8/6/00, 6/12/98, 12/11/02, 11/11/02, and 10/1/01.

(S.A.M. Nos. A8891, A4077, A4079, A4080, A4084, A4178-9

respectively.)

CRYPTONISCAN PARASITE.

On one of the specimens A4084 were found 2 Cryptoniscan larvae,

which may be referable to the genus Clypeoniscus (see p. 431), but as.

no female was present their correct identification remains uncertain.

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 357

Eyes absent. Basal joint of antenna 1 with 6-8 teeth. Antenna

2-5-jointed. Side-plates tectinate. Peraeopods as in Clypeoniscus.

Famity CYMOTHOLIDAE.

For references see Stebbing, S.A. Crust. pt. 1, p. 55; and Barnard,

Ann. §.A. Mus. vol. 10, pt. 11, p. 371.

Gren. CYMOTHOA Fabr.

1793. Cymothoa Fabricius, Entomol. Syst. vol. 2, p. 503.

1884. r Schiddte & Meinert, Naturh. Tidsskr. ser. 3, vol. 14,

p. 223.

1903. me Lanchester, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1902, pt. 2, p. 377.

1905. = Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 54, p. 247.

CymorHoa BoRBONICA Sch. & Mein.

1884. Cymothoa borbonica Schiddte & Meinert, Le. p. 282, pl. 10, figs.

7-10.

1904. rs ‘, Stebbing, in Gardiner’s Fauna Mald. &

Lace. Arch. vol. 2, pt. 3, p. 709.

A single specimen answering to the description and figures of

Schiddte & Meinert.

Length: 27 mm. ; breadth: 11 mm.

Colour : In spirit, uniform yellowish.

Locality: Durban. 1 9. s.s. “Pieter Faure.” 14/2/01. (S.A.M.

No. 15097.)

Geogr. Distribution: Isle of Bourbon (Schiddte & Meinert) ; Mal-

dives, from gills of a parrot-fish (Stebbing).

Gren. LIVONECA Leach.

1818. Livoneca Leach, Dict. Sci. Nat. vol. 12, p. 351.

1884. Es Schiddte & Meinert, Lc. p. 340.

1892. s Koélbel, Ann. Naturh. Hofmus. vol. 7, No. 3, p. 105.

1905. i; Richardson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 29 [1906], p. 445.

1909. a id. ibid. vol. 37 [1910] p. 87.

1910. 2s id. Wash. Bur. Fish. Doc. 736, p. 28.

1911. 53 id. Bull. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. 1911, No. 7, p. 526.

1912. a id. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 42, p. 173.

358 Annals of the South African Museum.

Livoneca RAyNAUDI M. Edw.

1840. Livoneca raynaudii M. Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. vol. 3, p. 262.

1846. ys novaé-zealandiae White, List Crust. Brit. Mus. p. 106

(deser. nulla).

1884. A raynaudii Schiddte & Meinert, lc. p. 367, pl. 15, figs.

9-13.

1901. Pe Whitelegge, Sci. Res. “ Thetis,” pt. 3, p. 236.

1910. bi . Stebbing, Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 425.

An adult ¢ and 2 and an immature specimen were taken from the

mouth and gills of a Sucker-fish (Chorisochismus dentex Pall.) caught

at low-water near Cape Town. Both ¢ and 92 are quite symmetrical.

Length: 8 18mm., 2 30mm. (S.A.M. No. A2856.)

Geogr. Distribution: Cape of Good Hope (M. Edwards); New

Zealand, Tasmania, Japan (Schiddte & PEST) New South Wales,

32-78 fathoms (Whitelegge).

Famiry SPHAEKROMIDAE.

For references see Barnard, Ann. S.A. Mus. vol. 10, pt. 11, p. 374,

and add:

1909. Chilton, Subantarctie Is. N. Zealand Crust. p. 653.

1910. Richardson, Wash. Bur. Fish. Doc. 736, p. 30.

1914. Stebbing, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1914, pp. 351 and 944.

Group HEMIBRANCHIATAE.

Gren. SPHAEROMA Bosc.

1802. Sphaeroma Bose. Hist. Nat. Crust. vol. 2, p. 182.

1908. 3 Stebbing, 8.A. Crust. pt. 4, p. 49.

1909. =i Budde-lund, in Voéltzkow, Reise in Ost-Afrika, vol. 2,

pt. 4, p. 303.

1910. 7 Richardson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.vol. 88 [1911], p. 81.

1911. $5 Stebbing, Rec. Ind. Mus. vol. 6, pt. 4, p. 181.

SPHAEROMA TEREBRANS Bate.

1866. Sphaeroma terebrans Bate, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), vol. 17,

p- 28, pl. 2, fig. 5.

1866. 55 vastator id. ibid. p. 28, pl. 2, fig. 4.

1897. e destructor Richardson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol. 2,

p- 105, text-figs.

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 359

1904. Sphaeroma terebrans Stebbing, Spolia Zeylan. vol. 2, pt. 9,

p. 16, pl. 4.

1905. ra destructor Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 54,

p- 282, figs. 294-298.

1908. . terebrans Stebbing, c. p. 49.

Two specimens were kindly given to me by Mr. E. C. Chubb, the

Curator of the Durban Museum, who had obtained a goodly number

at Isipingo on the Natal coast.

The following points may be noted as bearing on the question of

the above synonymy and the difference of opinion between the different

authorities : in the smaller ( ¢) specimen, measuring 9 mm., there are

indications of a transverse ridge on the 2nd and 3rd peraeon segments,

and a strong ridge on the 4th, but not so prominent as in the Ceylon

specimens; there are 4 distinct series of tubercles on peraeon

segments 5-7 and the anterior fused portion of the pleon, the 2 sub-

median tubercles on the telson are flanked on either side by a tubercle

and the whole surface of the telson is irregularly granular.

In the other ( 9 ) specimen, measuring 10 mm., only the 4th and 5th

peraeon segments have transverse ridges, the 6th and 7th segments

with 4 tubercles each. The two submedian tubercles on the 5th

segment in the ¢ and the 6th in the Q are transversely elongate, not

circular, as if they were in process of forming a transverse ridge or

represented the remains of a former complete ridge. The anterior

part of the pleon in the 2 is crushed, but the telson is similar to that

of the @.

A larger series would probably show a greater amount of variation,

but the above two specimens are enough, it seems to me, to break the

force of Miss Richardson’s arguments that destructor is a valid species.

The granulated telson of the present specimens is exactly represented

in Richardson’s (1905) fig. 297 of the telson, and the description,

“ tuberculated with low but distinct tubercles, each one surmounted by

a small tuft of stiff hairs or bristles,” is surely applicable to Stebbing’s

figure of the Ceylon specimens. As Stebbing remarks, the coating of

dirt obscures the structure, and in cleaning this off the hairs are

almost certain to disappear to a large extent.

Moreover the sides of the telson are stated to be incurved in

Stebbing’s specimens but straight in the Florida specimens. Here

again it is difficult to see any difference between the figures of the

respective specimens except that in the latter the apex is a little more

broadly rounded, but the sides appear to be equally incurved.

As regards the serrations on the outer ramus of the uropods, the

360 Annals of the South African Museum,

present 9 specimen has 4, the ¢ only 3, not counting the apical one.

This therefore is also a variable feature.

The epistome has not yet been described by either author. In the

present specimens it is triangular, nearly equilateral, the greatest

width across the arms being about equal to the lateral margin, which

is slightly emarginate, the upper lip is not sunk in so far as to reach

the middle of the epistome, the apex is bluntly rounded and the

surface granular and rugulose.

Male stylet on pleopod 2 not developed.

Both specimens were infested with Iais pubescens (Dana).

SPHAEROMA WALKERI Stebb.

1905. Sphaeroma walkeri Stebbing in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish.

Suppl. Rep. 23, p. 31, pl. 7.

1910. a B id. J. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. 31, p. 220.

L917. ms pe id. Ann. Durb. Mus. vol. 1, pt. 5, p. 444,

pl. 28. .

These specimens correspond with Stebbing’s Ceylon specimens.

Flagellum of antenna 1 ca. 10-jointed, that of antenna 2 12-16-jointed,

with the basal joints more strongly setose than in Stebbing’s figure,

especially in the ¢. The raised rim around the telsonic apex is very

well marked.

Pleopod 2 in gf with stylet half as long again as inner ramus,

scarcely tapering, apex blunt. Male appendages on 7th peraeon

segment close together but not contiguous, stout, apically blunt.

Outer ramus of uropod with 4—6 teeth, not counting the apical tooth,

5 being the usual number.

Length: 7 mm.

Colour: Mottled grey on a lighter ground, the base of the telson

usually free from markings.

Locality: Durban, July, 1915 (H. W. Bell-Marley). 2 ¢ ¢,4juv. ;

Durban, 5 fathoms. 1/5/17 (H. W. Bell-Marley). ¢ ¢ and 9Q 9.

(S.A.M. Nos. A8847 and A4575.)

Geogr. Distribution : Ceylon and Suez (Stebbing).

On one of the adults a specimen of [ais pubescens (Dana) was

found.

Gren. ZUZARA Leach.

1818. Zuzara Leach, Dict. Sci. Nat. vol. 12, pp. 341, 344.

1840 » M. Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. vol. 3, p. 211.

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 361

1874. Cyclura Stebbing, J. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. 12, p. 146 (nom.

preoce. ).

1878. Cycloidura id. Aun. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), vol. 1, p. 36.

1905. Zuzara Hansen, Q. J. Micros. Sci. vol. 49, pt. 1, pp. 1038, 104,

TLS:

1906. ,, Richardson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 31 [1907], p. 12.

1910. Cycloidura Stebbing, Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 491.

1910. Zuzara Baker, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Austral. vol. 34, p. 83.

1914. Cycloidura Vanhoffen, Deutsche Siidpol. Exp. vol. 15, pt. 4,

p. old:

Vanhéffen in the paper cited has discussed C. perforata and

Stimpsoni, retaining them in the genus Cycloidura. In the same year

I instituted the genus Parisocladus for these two species. As I have

not been able to consult Vanhéffen’s paper, the discussion as to the

correct genus for these same species must be postponed.

ZUZARA FURCIFER 0. Sp.

(Plate XV. Figs. 26, 27.)

Male.—Body non-setose, minutely granulate, chiefly on the posterior

margins of the peraeon segments. Head with a small median

tubercle on the anterior margin, flanked on either side by 3 other

inconspicuous tubercles. Peraeon smooth, 7th segment with a long

median process reaching back to # length of the telson, apically bifid.

Two tubercles on the posterior margin of the lateral portions of 7th

segment. Side-plates nearly vertical, 2-5 not greatly narrowed below,

postero-inferior angles subacute, a low keel at the junctions of segments

5-7 with their side-plates.

Pleon segments 2-4 distinct though closely fused. Telson convex,

2 pairs of small tubercles near the base, 2 more pairs a little beyond

the middle and more widely separated, apex ending in a projection

with a rounded notch on either side. The points bounding these

notches as well as the median projection apically blunt. The latter is

about + length of the process on the 7th peraeon segment, and bears

a small tubercle on its upper surface at the base and is raised some

little way above the lateral points, so that there is a distinct ventral

groove.

Antenna 1 reaching to end of Ist peraeon segment, Ist joint twice

as long as broad, 2nd } length of Ist, flagellum equal to peduncle,

10-jointed.

Antenna 2 reaching to end of 3rd peraeon segment, 5th joint a

trifle longer than 4th, flagellum equal to peduncle, 11-jointed.

362 Annals of the South African Musewmn.

Epistome tapering proximally to a subacute apex, lateral margins

concave.

Maxilliped, 4th—6th joints lobed, inner plate with 1 coupling-hook.

Peraeopod 1, inner apex of 4th and 5th joints with 1, of 6th with 2,

stout apically bifid spines, inner margin of finger denticulate, secondary

unguis and seta well developed. Outer margin of 8rd joint of

peraeopods 2—7 with a few rather long setae. Inner margin of 4th—6th

joints of all the peraeopods furry, less so on 6th joint of peraeopod 7.

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment fairly stout, apically

blunt, their distance apart equal to the width of one of them.

Pleopods 1-3 with 4-hooked setae on inner apex of peduncle. Male

stylet on pleopod 2 nearly twice length of ramus, tapering evenly.

Pleopods 38-5 with 2-jointed outer ramus. Outer margin of outer

ramus of 4th and outer margins of both rami of 5th pleopod with short

regularly spaced setae.

Uropods large, lamellate in @, inner ramus reaching just beyond

apex of telsonic process, outer ramus a little further beyond that, both

rami ovate, margins entire and non-setose.

Length: 5°75 mm.; breadth (across peraeon segment 7): 3 mm.

Colour: Uniform greyish-white.

Locality: Port Elizabeth. January, 1915. (Mrs. T. V. Paterson.)

1g. (SA.M. No. A3084.)

GEN. CYMODOCE Leach.

1814. Cymodoce Leach, Edinb. Encyel. vol. 7, p. 433.

1914. a Barnard, Ann. S.A. Mus. vol. 10, pt. 11, p. 386

(references ).

This genus is very well represented in South African waters, no

fewer than 10 species having been recorded ; the present paper adds

6 more. The value of the new material lies in the fact that in 4 cases

the ¢ and 2 could be definitely correlated. The specimens were

taken out of galleries and borings in sponges, as a rule only one ¢ and

one ovigerous 9 inhabiting each burrow. ‘This is an exceedingly

valuable method of collecting and the sponges obtained on any expe-

dition should be thoroughly examined. Unless the ¢ and @ are

found together, it is next to impossible to correlate the sexes with any

certainty.

For this reason it is greatly to be regretted that a fine ¢ of Cilicaea

latreillei Leach was found in a burrow unaccompanied by its 9. The

sponge was a globular form of the genus Hircinia, and contained a

spherical chamber about 14 inches in diameter with an opening to

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 363

the exterior only just wide enough to accommodate the crustacean

(4inch). It would be interesting if experiments could be instituted, say

with some of the common European species of Cymodoce, to discover

if these ‘‘ dwellings ” are constructed as a normal means of protection,

or only by a pair for the special purpose of hatching a brood in safety.

To be determined also is the manner in which they are made, for

they are undoubtedly made by the crustaceans themselves. In the

above case, moreover, the dwelling was made deliberately, not a

mere taking advantage of a chance crevice or hollow in the sponge.

White has described a Sphaeroma spongiosum which, according to

Hansen, has been assigned to Cymodoce in the British Museum collec-

tion by Miers. The species comes from Australia and presumably was

found inhabiting sponges, but I have not been able to consult the

original description.

CyMODOCE SETULOSA (Stebb.).

1902. Ezxosphaeroma setulosa Stebbing, S.A. Crust. pt. 2, p. 68, pl. 12s.

1914. Cymodoce setulosa Barnard, lc. p. 389.

In 1914 I expressed the opinion that this “species” could not be

regarded as the 2 of valida, as Hansen thought, on account of there

being other 2 specimens more in accordance with the ¢ of valida.

T have since been able to examine 2 co-types of setulosa received back from

Stebbing. One of them is a ¢ having the appendages on the 7th

peraeon segment well developed and the stylet on pleopod 2 also quite

distinct though not separated from the ramus. Evidently therefore

the specimen is nearly full grown and probably no great change would

occur in the ornamentation after the final moult. C. setulosa must

consequently be regarded as a perfectly good species, the diagnostic

features being as mentioned by Stebbing and founded ona ¢ specimen.

The other specimen is smaller and may be either ¢ or 9 as far

as one can tell. It does not help much in deciding what are the

characters of the 2.

CYMODOCE TUBERCULOSA Stebb. var. TRIPARTITA Rich.

(Plate XV. Fig. 28.)

1873. Cymodoce tuberculosa Stebbing, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), vol. 12,

p. Jo; pl. 3, fg. Ie

1902. - < Whitelegge, Sci. Res. “Thetis,” pt. 4,

p. 258, fig, 28 (maxilliped).

364: Annals of the South African Museum.

1908. Cymodoce tuberculosa, Baker, Tr. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. vol. 32,

p. 140, pl. 3, figs. 12-15.

1910. 59 A id. ibid. vol. 34, p. 76, pl. 21, figs. 1-20.

1910. ie 3 var. bispinosa id. ibid. p. 78, pl. 21,

figs. 21-23, pl. 22,

figs. 1-7.

1910. Me tripartita Richardson, Wash. Bur. Fish. Doc. 736,

P20; Mig 27.

For the sake of comparison the following description may first be

given.

Male.—Body strongly convex, nearly parallel-sided, minutely gran-

ular, setulose, more especially laterally. Head with the anterior margin

rounded and minutely denticulate, median process prominent, com-

pletely separating the Ist antennae and meeting the epistome, with a

small knob, sometimes bifid, on its upper surface. Head and Ist

peraeon segment without additional sculpturing. Segments 2—6 each

with 2 transverse rows of small tubercles ; segment 7 also with 2 rows,

but the rows not so distinctly separated from one another ; tubercles

larger on segments 6 and 7 than on the others.

Pleon segment 4 with 2 widely separated, pointed processes, curving

slightly inwards and downwards and reaching to just beyond the middle

of telson, both inner and outer margins fringed with stiff setae ; lateral

portion of segment 4 also with a fringe of stiff setae on hind

margin.

Telson broader than long, surface covered with granules which are

rather larger than those on the rest of the body, in the middle 2 sub-

median white upstanding glabrous tubercles, somewhat chisel-shaped ;

apex deeply notched, the lateral lobes bifid and reaching a little beyond

the narrowly rounded, entire median lobe ; all the lobes with long setae,

distal margin with a small tooth just internal to the insertion of the

uropods.

Antenna 1, lst joint with 5 marginal teeth, increasing in size distally,

another rather larger tooth immediately ventral to the Ist tooth,

flagellum 6-jointed.

Antenna 2, 4th and 5th joints with several long setae on outer

margin, flagellum ca. 10-jointed.

Epistome with the process obscurely bifid, or sometimes with indica-

tions of 4 teeth.

Maxilliped as figured by Whitelegge.

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment close together, elongate,

slender, tapering to acute apices.

Pleopod 2 as figured by Baker.

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 365

Pleopod 3, outer ramus with a distinct though incomplete transverse

suture.

Pleopod 4, 2nd joint of outer ramus with 1 plumose seta on apex.

Pleopod 5 with the usual squamose patches on outer apex.

Uropod, outer ramus reaching very little, inner ramus very far,

beyond telsonic apex, the former deeply bifid, the latter with the 3

little curved teeth on the apex as described by Baker (1908).

Length: 5 mm. ; breadth: 2°5 mm.

Colour ; In spirit yellowish.

Locality: Umhloti River N. by W. 3 W., distant 8 miles. 40 fathoms.

1 ¢; Umkomaas River NW. by W.2 W., distant 5 miles. 40 fathoms.

7 29; Port Shepstone N., distant 8 miles. 36 fathoms. 1g. ss.

“Pieter Faure.” 18/12/00, 31/12/00 and 14/3/01. (S.A.M. Nos.

A4155-6-7 respectively.) In each case found inhabiting siliceous

sponges.

Geogr. Distribution: Australia (Stebbing : tuberculosa) ; New South

Wales, 25-50 fathoms (Whitelegge) ; South Australia, m sponges

(Baker: tuberculosa and var. bispinosa) ; Philippine Islands, inside a

pearl oyster (Richardson: tripartita).

From the above description it will be seen that the South African

specimens belong to the form described by Miss Richardson as tripar-

tita. The similarities are the widely separated processes on pleon

segment 4, and the additional tooth on the lower margin of Ist joint

of Ist antenna. The fact that in some of the specimens there are

indications of 4, though in most cases only of 2, teeth on the epistomial

ridge shows the variability of this feature and consequently its unim-

portance. With regard to differences, these specimens lack the 2

larger granules on the inner ramus of the uropod, the inner ramus and

the processes of the 4th pleon segment are considerably longer, and

the median lobe of the telson is distinctly separated from the

lateral lobes.

The last three differences might well be ascribed to differences in

age; judging from the figure the Philippine specimens were about

375 mm. in length, as against 5 mm. in the present examples. A

comparison with the figure of tripartita leaves little doubt that the

Philippine specimens are merely a younger stage.

It may be noted that, whereas the figure is labelled “male” and

the description corresponds with the figure, it is stated that “two

males and two females were collected” without any indication whether

the females resembled the males or, if not, in what respects they

differed.

There remains the further question of the relationship of this form

366 Annals of the South African Museum.

to Baker’s var. bispinosa. The differences lie in the extra tooth on

the Ist joint of the Ist antenna, the bifid lateral lobes of the telsonic

apex, and the less widely separated processes on pleon segment 4.

None of these appear to me to be sufficiently important as specific

characters to separate tripartita from tuberculosa. But Ihave thought

it useful to retain the former name as a varietal name to indicate the

difference in position of the processes, which is the most noticeable

feature.

It seems quite possible, even probable, that when a larger series

is available the typical form will be found to be the not fully adult

stage of bispinosa, in spite of Baker’s opinion. The only valid variety

will then be tripartita.

CYMODOCE JAPONICA Rich. var. NATALENSIS h.

(Plate XVI. Figs. 1, 2.

1906. Cymodoce japonica, Richardson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 31

[1907], p. 7, fig. 11 (male).

1906. i affinis, id. ibid. p. 11, fig. 15 (female).

1910. 5 japonica id. ibid. vol. 37, p. 92.

VOLO: of _ id. Wash. Bur. Fish. Doe. 736, p. 28.

1910. en a Thielemann, Abh. Bay. Ak. Wiss. II, Suppl.

Bd. 3 Abh. p. 53, figs. 48-51.

Besides C. japonica and C. affinis Miss Richardson is also the

authoress of C. acuta (1904, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 27, p. 38,

figs. 8-10, Japan), and has had the opportunity of comparing the

actual specimens. When uniting affinis with japonica in 1910

Miss Richardson expressed the opinion that acuta, though very much

like the 92 of japonica (i.e. affinis), is the 2 of an unknown ¢

probably similar to japonica.

Were it not for this expresion of opinion, I should unhesitatingly

have made both japonica and ajfinis synonyms of the earlier acuta.

From the figures and descriptions no differences can be observed

between acuta and affinis except the presence of 2 points on the

4th pleon segment in the former and their absence in the latter.

These, however, may have been so poorly developed as to have been

overlooked (ef. remarks by Thielemann, l.c. p. 56).

C. acuta is about 10 mm. in length, affinis and japonica 17} mm.

A “small specimen” of a ¢ is doubtfully referred to this species

(1910, lc. p. 92), distinguished by longer uropods and the thick (sic)

hairs on the body.

In comparison with these the South African specimens are almost

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa, 367

dwarfs, the ¢ measuring only 65 mm. The body is thickly clothed

all over with longish hairs, the telson being more sparsely covered

than the rest; the young ¢ and the @° are glabrous except for a few

short hairs, mostly on the lateral margins.

In the adult ¢ the anterior pair of tubercles on the telson are

larger than represented in the figure of japonica, transversely oval,

and when the body is unrolled fit closely against the pair on the

4th pleon segment, the adjacent margins of the respective tubercles

being straight. The posterior tubercles on the telson are flat-topped

and setiferous. Telsonic apex and the median lobe broader than in

Richardson’s figure. Uropod with both rami projecting beyond the

telsonic apex. Maxilliped with the lobes on 5th—7th joints very

elongate and narrow, as in C. tuberculosa Stebb. Male appendages

on 7th peraeon segment close together, long and slender. Male stylet

on 2nd pleopod half as long again as ramus, slightly tapering, apex

subacute,

Ovigerous 9 with the telson apically blunter than in the figure

of afinis, and the inner ramus of uropod reaching a little beyond

telsonic apex. Both rami of uropod apically blunt. The 2 tubercles

on 4th pleon segment as well as those on the telson small but distinct.

Mouth-parts modified.

Immature ¢ resembling the Q but with the tubercles a little more

strongly developed.

In other respects the specimens agree with Richardson’s descrip-

tions, so that apart from the smaller size and the relative lengths

of the telson and uropods in both sexes there are no very marked

characters separating the South African from the Japanese specimens.

A further comparison may also be instituted with C. bicarinata

Stebb. (1904, Gardiner’s Fauna Mald. & Lace. Archip. vol. 2, pt. 3,

p- 712, pl. 528, and 1905, Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish. Suppl.

Rep. 23, p. 42, pl. 10c). Im size there is scarcely any difference.

The apex of the telson, at least in the Ceylon specimen, closely

resembles that of the Natal specimens. The differences are as follows :

bicarinata has 2 distinct longitudinal keels on the telson, ending

in bosses, and a median swelling at the base of the median lobe, and

also lacks the distinct tubercles on the 4th pleon segment and at base

of telson; whereas in the Natal specimens the telson can scarcely

be said to be keeled, there is no swelling at the base of the median

lobe, and the 2 anterior pairs of tubercles are very distinct and

characteristic. Further the lobes of the distal joints of the maxilliped

are much more elongate in our specimens than in the figures of

bicarinata.

368 Annals of the South African Museum.

Both bicarinata and japonica are stated to be very closely allied to

C. pilosaM. Edw. (1840, Hist. Nat. Crust. vol. 3, p. 213),and the question

arises whether it would be better to “lump” all the forms together,

with or without varietal names for the local forms, or to separate

them under distinctive names. At present, however, the published

information about all the forms is inadequate; for instance, neither

Richardson nor Thielemann have described the maxilliped in japonica.

It is on the form of the maxilliped and the presence of the four

tubercles on the telson that I have relied in assigning the Natal

specimens to japonica rather than to bicarinata. The variety is

characterised by the anterior pair on the telson being stronger than

the posterior pair.

Length: § 65mm., 9 55 mm.; breadth: g and 2? 3mm.

Colour: In spirit yellowish, the tubercles in the adult ¢ white.

Locality: Umkomaas River N.W. by W. 3 W., distant 5 miles

(Natal). 40 fathoms. 1 adult and 1 immature ¢, 1 ovigerous ?, in

sponges. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 31/12/00. (S.A.M. No. A4160.)

Geogr. Distribution: Japan and Korea, surface, 59 and 846 fathoms

(Richardson); Philippine Islands (Richardson) ; Japan (Thielemann).

C. bicarinata has been recorded from the Maldive Archipelago and

Ceylon; C. pilosa from the Mediterranean.

CYMODOCE CRYPTODOMA 0. sp.

(Plate XVI. Figs. 6, 7.)

Body strongly convex, parallel-sided, minutely granulose, more

especially posteriorly, sparsely setulose, the setae mostly developed

on the lateral and posterior portions. Head with anterior margin

rounded, with a small triangular median point. Head and anterior

peraeon segments without additional sculpturing. Peraeon segments

6 and 7 with two transverse rows of small conical tubercles.

Pleon segment 4 entire.

Telson in ¢ with 2 submedian broad ridges or longitudinally

elongated bosses, both posteriorly truncate with the margins so

formed denticulate, dorsally with a median moderately sharp keel,

feebly denticulate, setose and in profile convex, following the curve

of the telson; in Q with 2 low rounded submedian bosses; apex

deeply notched in ¢, the median lobe reaching the same level as

the lateral lobes, a semicircular row of granules just anterior to the

base of the median lobe, distal margin minutely denticulate; in 2 apex

feebly notched, the median lobe scarcely or not projecting beyond the

lateral lobes, distal margin not denticulate.

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 369

The granulose sculpturing everywhere much less distinct in the

Q than in the ¢.

Flagella of 1st and 2nd antennae respectively 7- and 10-jointed.

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment close together, stout,

apically subacute.

Pleopods 1-3, peduncle with 3-hooked setae; male stylet on 2nd

half as long again as ramus, tapering very little, apex blunt, both

margins minutely spinulose all along.

Uropod in 3, outer ramus ovate, apex acute, outer margin with 1-2

obscure teeth, inner margin with 3 distinct teeth, inner ramus extending

well beyond telsonic apex, ovate-lanceolate, apex acute, outer margin

denticulate, both margins of both rami setulose; in Q outer ramus

short, ovate, apically acute, inner margin with 2 denticles, inner ramus

reaching to telsonic apex, oblong, apically truncate, outer distal angle

subacute, distal margin obscurely crenulate.

Length: g and Q 65 mm.; breadth: 2°5 mm.

Colour: In spirit pinkish-white.

Locality : Umhloti River N. by W. + W., distant 8 miles. (Natal.)

40 fathoms. 1 ¢,4 2 2,insponges. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 18/12/00.

(S.A.M. No. A4158.)

CyYMODOCE TETRATHELE 0. Sp.

(Plate XVI. Fig. 3.)

Male.—Body strongly convex, nearly parallel-sided, minutely

granular and densely covered on the head, anterior peraeon segments

and telson with short setae, posterior peraeon and anterior pleon

segments comparatively free from setae, these being present mainly on

the lateral portions. Head with anterior margin rather strongly

angular, minutely granular just above insertion of Ist antennae, with

a minute median point. Head and anterior peraeon segments without

additional sculpturing. Segment 5 with 2 more or less distinct

transverse rows of tubercles; segments 6 and 7 with 2 distinct

rows of tubercles, though on segment 7 the 2 rows are not so clearly

separated.

Pleon segment 4 with 2 more or less distinct transverse rows of

eranules.

Telson broader than long, with 2 transverse rows of minute white

granules immediately behind the posterior margin of the 4th pleon

segment, central portion raised into 2 submedian conical bosses, setose

especially on the outer side, each with a pointed glabrous white apical

tubercle ; behind these bosses 2 contiguous white glabrous conical

370 Annals of the South African Musewm.

tubercles ; apex moderately deeply notched, the median lobe reaching

about to the level of the lateral lobes.

Flagella of antennae 1 and 2 respectively 18- and 20-jointed.

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment close together, tapering to

subacute apices.

Pleopods 1-3, peduncle with 3-hooked setae; male stylet on 2nd

half as long again as ramus, very slightly tapering, minutely spinulose

all over, apex subacute.

Uropod, both rami extending well beyond telsonic apex, inner ramus

subulate, apically acute, outer ramus narrow, a little shorter than

inner, apically bifid, both rami setulose all over.

Length: 15 mm.; breadth: 8 mm.

Colour : In spirit yellowish.

Locality : 38°9'S. 28° 3’ E. (off East London). 47 fathoms. 2 ¢

in sponges. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 28/12/98. (S.A.M. No. A4159.)

CYMODOCE CAVICOLA NH. sp.

(Plate XVI. Figs. 4, 5.)

Body in both sexes with very short and sparse setae, chiefly on the

posterior part of the body, and more noticeable in the young than

the adult; entire surface of head (including epistome and basal

joints of Ist antennae), peraeon and pleon finely and closely pitted,

the pits being most noticeable on the telson.

Head with moderate-sized median point. Peraeon segments, in

addition to the pitting, each with a transverse band of small granules

on the posterior margin, more distinct on the posterior segments than

on the anterior ones, and not quite so noticeable in the 9 as in the @.

Pleon segments 1-4 also with a few minute granules in addition to

the pitting ; segment 4 not produced or lobed.

Telson in ¢ with 2 submedian bosses in the centre, distal margin

finely crenulate, apical notch rather wide, but shallow, median lobe

triangular, extending as far as the lateral lobes, and, like them, ter-

minating ina tiny point, the points on the lateral lobes curved outwards ;

in @ lke that of the @ except that the distal margin is scarcely

perceptibly crenulate and the apical lobes are blunt.

Antenna 1, basal joints entire, flagellum ca. 14-jointed.

Antenna 2, flagellum ca. 8-jointed.

Maxilliped, lobes on 5th-7th joints not greatly elongate. Mouth-

parts in 9 modified.

Peraeopod 1, spines on inner margin of 4th—6th joints respectively

2, 3 and 4.

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 371

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment contiguous, moderately

long, tapering to subacute apices.

Pleopods 1-3, peduncle with 3-hooked setae; male stylet on 2nd

one-third as long again as ramus, not tapering much, apex blunt.

Uropod in 3g, inner ramus scarcely reaching level of telsonic apex,

widest across the middle, outer margin therefore angular, apex

narrowly truncate, outer distal margin crenulate, outer ramus very

short, ovate, outer margin crenulate, upper surface of both rami

pitted ; in 2 similar but outer apical angle of inner ramus more acute,

and the crenulations on both rami less distinct.

Length : 14 mm.; breadth,: 5-5 mm.

Colour : In spirit pinkish.

Locality : Rockland Point NW.+W., distant 2 miles (False Bay).

23 fathoms. 1 ¢, 1 ovigerous 9, and 1 juv., in a calcareous sponge.

s.s. ‘Pieter Faure.” 8/6/00. (S.A.M. No. A4162.)

CYMODOCE EXCAVANS NI. sp.

(Plate XVI. Figs. 8, 9.)

Body covered all over with very short and thick pubescence. Head

with a moderate-sized median point. Peraeon segments not sculptured.

Pleon segments 1-4 also not sculptured, segment 4 not produced or

lobed. Telson in ¢ with 2 submedian conical tubercles in the middle,

apical notch deep, median lobe reaching to level of the lateral

lobes, tapering to a narrowly rounded apex, apices of the lateral lobes

blunt; in Q with only 2 barely discernible elevations in place of the

tubercles, apical notch very shallow, all 3 lobes apically obtuse and of

the same length.

Antenna 1, basal joints entire, flagellum ca. 10-jointed. Flagellum

of antenna 2 ca. 12-jointed.

Maxilliped, lobes of 5th—7th joints rather elongate, but not so greatly

as in tuberculosa.

Mouth-parts in 9 modified.

Pereaopod 1, spines on inner margin of 4th—6th joints respectively

4, 3 and 4.

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment close together, short,

apically acute.

Pleopods 1-8, peduncle with 3-hooked setae; male stylet on 2nd

one-third as long again as ramus, apically subacute.

Uropod in g, outer ramus extending beyond telsonic apex, ovate-

lanceolate, apex acute, outer distal margin crenulate, outer ramus

extending to level of telsonic apex, ovate-lanceolate, apex acute, both

372 Annals of the South African Museum.

margins crenulate; in Q rami comparatively shorter than in @, inner

ramus only just extending to telsonic apex, both rami more ovate.

Length: 10 mm.; breadth: 4°5 mm.

Colour: In spirit pinkish or yellowish.

Locality: Cape Hangklip N. by E., distant 12 miles (False Bay).

13 fathoms. 1 ¢ and 1 ovigerous ? in a gallery in a sponge;

Rockland Point NW. + W., distant 2 miles (False Bay). 23 fathoms.

1g. s.s. “Pieter Faure.” 19/11/03 and 8/6/00. (S.A.M. Nos.

A4163 and A4174.)

Group HUBRANCHIATAH.

Gen. CYMODOCELLA Pfeffer.

1887. Cymodocella Pfeffer, Jahrb. Wiss. Anst. Hamb. vol. 4, pp. 18,

20, 69.

1914. Be Barnard, Ann. S.A. Mus. vol. 10, pt. 11, p. 421

(references ).

CYMODOCELLA CANCELLATA Na. Sp.

(Plate XVI. Figs. 10-14.)

Male.—Body without setae or pilosity, surface between the segments

with very minute honeycombed reticulation. Head with anterior

margin nearly straight, thickened, with a small projecting point sepa-

rating 2 circular pits for the insertion of the lst antennae, a transverse

ridge between the eyes, obscurely quadrituberculate. In front of this

ridge are 2 submedian tubercles and a median group of 3, of which

the middle one is the largest; a tubercle on inner margin of eye and

2 submedian ones just above the front margin of head. Rest of the

surface minutely granular. Eyes normal in size.

Peraeon segment 1 with antero-inferior angles reaching well forward,

inferior margin thin; centre of segment with a transverse row of 6

large round-topped tubercles; posterior margin with a raised trans-

verse ridge, swelling out into 10 rounded tubercles ; rest of the surface

irregularly granulate.

Peraeon segments 2-6 each with a raised transverse ridge across the

centre, swelling out into 10 rounded tubercles, the outermost being

just above the junction with side-plate ; a more or less regular row of

granules in front of and behind the ridge on each segment.

Peraeon segment 7 with a similar ridge forming the hind margin

and somewhat projecting, especially the two submedian tubercles,

anterior portion of the segment granular.

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 373

Side-plates deep, narrowing to a subacute apex, 6th somewhat blunter,

the sutures with segments fairly well marked, each with a ridge which

is a continuation of that on the segment, swelling out into a large

rounded tubercle at the junction with the segment and thence narrow-

ing to the apex.

Pleon granular, except the first segment, which is smooth, bilobed

and partly concealed, suture of 2nd and 8rd segments not easily

distinguished among the granules, posterior margin of 4th finely

tuberculate, 2 submedian tubercles being more prominent than the

rest ; a large lateral round-topped tubercle and a smaller adjacent one

appear to belong to the 4th segment and not to the telson, but the

suture is difficult to trace.

Telson of the normal Cymodocella type, but with 2 large submedian

apically acute projections ; whole surface of telson deeply pitted, each

projection with a large triangular pit on upper surface with several

granules in it.

Antenna | inserted into a rounded pit on anterior margin of head,

Ist and 2nd joints thickened and indurated, roughly quadrangular in

section, 2nd nearly half length of Ist, 3rd shorter than 2nd, more

slender and inserted at right angles to 2nd, flagellum a little more than

twice length of 3rd joint, 6-jointed.

Antenna 2 longer than Ist, peduncular joints increasing in length,

flagellum equal to peduncle, 9-jointed.

Epistome rather large, proximal end blunt, lateral margins gently

concave; upper lip not projecting much from the arms of the epistome,

distal margin setose.

Lower lip as in C. sublevis Brurd. (Lc. pl. 368).

Mandibles, cutting-edge obscurely bidentate, secondary cutting-

edge in left only, bidentate, spine-row with 1 spine in left, 3 in right,

molar strong, denticulate, palp slender with both 2nd and 3rd joints a

little longer than Ist.

Maxilla 1 with 8 spines on outer plate and 3 plumose setae on inner.

Maxilla 2 with 8 spine-setae on outer and middle plates ; inner plate

setose with 2 stout plumose setae on inner distal margin.

Maxilliped with 4th—6th joints more produced internally than in the

figure of that of C. sublevis.

Peraeopods similar to those of sublevis, but rather stouter, fur on

margins of 4th—6th joints thicker, armature of the joints similar ;

peraeopod 2 not greatly longer or more slender than 1.

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment contiguous at base, but

slightly separated distally, stout, apically subacute and excavate on

inner distal margin.

a74 Annals of the South African Museum.

Pleopods 1-3, peduncle with 3 hooked setae; inner ramus in Ist

and 2nd half as long again as outer; rami in 3rd subequal; male

stylet on 2nd 23 times as long as ramus, apically enlarged into an

ovate spatulate form, the inner margin with recurved serrations.

Uropods not reaching telsonic apex, inner ramus subtriangular,

widening distally, distal margin excavate, outer ramus much smaller

than inner, ovate, apically blunt.

Length: 5mm.; breadth: 2°5 mm.

Colour: In spirit, whitish-brown, the tubercles and telsonic processes

whiter than the rest.

Locality: Cove Rock NE. by E.2 E., distant 4 miles (off East London).

22 fathoms. 1 ¢.s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 6/8/01. (S.A.M. No. A3831.)

This pretty species is named after the cancellate appearance of the

sculpturing on the peraeon segments. A somewhat similar develop-

ment of dorsal tubercles is found in two other South African Sphae-

romids: Ewxosphaeroma porrectum Brnrd. and Sphaeramene polytylotos

Brnrd.

Gen. CASSIDIAS Rich.

1916. Cassidias Richardson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 31 [1907], p. 20.

T9LO. - Thielemann, Abh. K. Bay. Ak. Wiss. II. Suppl. Bd. 3

Abh. p. 56.

1914. Vallentinia Stebbing, Proc. Zool. Sse. Lond. 1914, p. 351 (nom.

preoce. ).

1914. Huvallentinia id. ibid. p. 944.

In 1905 Hansen suggested that a new genus was necessary for

Cunningham’s Cymodocea darwinii and in 1914 Stebbing acted on

this suggestion, apparently overlooking the fact that Miss Richardson

had already in 1906 instituted a suitable genus, and indeed had placed

C. darwinii in it. This genus is Cassidias, of which the type-species

is C. argentinea Rich.

Richardson’s definition of the genus is as follows: “ Mouth-parts

of 2 metamorphosed. Seventh segment of thorax not produced back-

wards in any process. Abdomen composed of 2 segments, the Ist of

which is not produced backward in a median process. Terminal

abdominal segment with a narrow notch, which is sometimes concealed

dorsally, but a groove is formed beneath by the infolding of the

margins. Both branches of the 4th pair of pleopods are similar, fleshy,

with transverse folds and without marginal setae. The exopod of the

3rd pleopod is 2-jointed. The branches of the uropods are similar,

the outer one being capable of folding under the inner one.”

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 375

It must be noted that this definition is based on the female only ;

for the sexual differences one must turn to C. darwinii. Here the male

seems to differ from the female in the greater development of the boss

on the telson, the swelling of the lateral portions of the 5th peraeon

segment, and the development of a tooth on the base of the hand of

the Ist peraeopod (gnathopod).

Here a difficulty arises in regard to the present species. The sexual

differences are very much more pronounced than in C. darwinit. In

fact, the rudimentary character of the inner ramus of the uropods

might even be thought to necessitate the erection of a new genus.

And this may indeed become necessary in the future, but for the

present I prefer to place the new species in the genus Cassidias

because the male of the type-species remains unknown. Very probably

when it is discovered it will be found to resemble that of darwinii more

or less closely, and a new genus can then be made for the species

described below.

In 1910 Thielemann described a third species—C. trituberculata

from Japan. This also is known only from the female, and in the

character of the telsonic apex differs rather conspicuously from the

type-species. In other respects it seems to be a true Cassidias, the

unmodified mouth-parts possibly being due, as Thielemann remarks,

to immaturity. Nevertheless, when the male is discovered, it would

not be surprising if it had to be removed to another genus.

Southern America and the neighbouring islands.

CASSIDIAS AFRICANA Nl. Sp.

(Plate XVI. Figs. 15-17.)

Body strongly convex, nearly parallel-sided, anteriorly (at least)

almost smooth, glabrous. Head with anterior margin slightly angular,

with a short blunt median process. Head and Ist peraeon segment

minutely shagreened. Peraeon segments with the posterior margins

becoming increasingly more granulose posteriorly, the granules on

segments 5 and 6 being more or less distinctly segregated into 2

transverse rows. Each side-plate with a little tuft of soft setae.

Pleon segment 4 entire, its posterior margin granulose, the lateral

sutures also marked with granules, one tuft of setae on the lateral

portion of segment 4 and another submedianly.

Telson broader than long, surface granulose, the central portion in

3 produced into a long, though stout, median process, apically sub-

acute, reaching back considerably beyond the telsonic apex; in Q

a similar though very much smaller process, not nearly reaching the

376 Annals of the South African Museum.

telsonic apex; distal margin in ¢ minutely serrulate, apex with a

simple narrow slit similar in both sexes.

The ¢ is everywhere more strongly granulose than the °.

Antenna 1, Ist joint stout, anterior apex not produced along 2nd

joint, flagellum ca. 8-jointed.

Antenna 2, flagellum ca. 2-jointed.

Mouth-parts in 9 modified. Maxilliped in # with 4th—6th joints lobed.

Peraeopods with a few pectinate spines on inner margins of 4th—

6th joints, these joints also minutely setulose on inner margins, but not

furry.

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment short, stout and apically

blunt, their distance apart equal to the width of one of them.

Pleopod 1, peduncle very broad, inner apex with 3 hooked setae ;

inner ramus much broader than long, triangular, outer ramus longer

than broad, oblong, apically truncate.

Pleopod 2 similar to 1st, male stylet inserted near the apex of inner

ramus, equal in length to the ramus, consequently extending consider-

ably beyond the ramus, rather stout, apically blunt.

Pleopod 5 similar, but inner ramus larger, outer ramus 2-jointed.

Pleopods 4 and 5, both rami with strong transverse folds, outer

margin of outer ramus of 4th pleopod with fine setules.

Uropod in ¢ with the inner ramus reduced to a mere point on the

peduncle, outer ramus elongate, stout, cylindrical, but flattened on the

inner surface and widening distally, rather strongly granulose,

especially distally, where 2-3 of the granules are like little teeth pro-

jecting inwards, setose chiefly on the outer distal margin; in ? the

rami not altered, inner ramus oblong, outer ramus rather smaller,

ovate, both rami apically truncate, with their margins sparsely

setulose.

Length: @ 55 mm., 9 5mm.; breadth: ¢ 2°55 mm., 9 2 mm.

Colour: In spirit, yellowish.

Locality: Umkomaas River NW. by W. 3} W., distant 5 miles.

40 fathoms. 3 ¢ 6, 6 ovigerous ? 9 ; Tugela River N. by W. ? W.,

distant 15 miles. 40 fathoms. 2 6 ¢,2 99. ss. “ Pieter Faure.”

31/12/00 and 10/1/01. In both cases living in sponges. (S.A.M.

Nos. A4153 and A4154.)

Group PLATYBRANCHIATAE.

ARTOPOLES 0. g.

Body elliptical, depressed, the margin ciliate. Head laterally

enclosed by the Ist peraeon segment. Peraeon segment 7 not as

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 377

wide as segment 6 and not forming part of the lateral margins.

Telson apically obtuse. Epistome produced forwards between the

Ist antennae as a narrow spiniform process. Ist and 2nd joints of

antenna 1 expanded. Mavxilliped with 4th-6th joints inwardly

produced, 7th joint neither long nor slender. Peraeopods normal,

the anterior ones without natatory setae and with the 6th joint not

enlarged, 4th joint of peraeopod 1 not produced. Inner ramus of

pleopod 1 twice as long as broad. Outer ramus of pleopod 3 un-

divided. Uropod with peduncle and inner ramus fused, lamellate,

outer ramus rudimentary, minute, tubercular.

This genus is closely allied to Paracassidina Baker, but differs

in the Ist peraeopod and the narrow 7th peraeon segment. The

degeneration of the outer ramus of the uropod has been carried

further, and the antero-lateral angles of the lst peraeon segment are

more produced.

In general shape there is a striking though superficial likeness

between the present species and the South Austrahan Amphoroidella

elliptica Baker, belonging to the Eubranchiate group.

Wishing to dedicate this genus to Mr. W. H. Baker, who has

very materially increased our knowledge of the South Australian

Sphaeromids, and finding that with various suffixes the name is

pre-occupied, I have taken the liberty of translating it into Greek.

ARTOPOLES NATALIS 0. Sp.

Female.—Body depressed, the central portion slghtly convex,

elliptical, the margins finely ciliate, dorsal surface minutely shag-

reened. Head embraced laterally by the Ist peraeon segment,

anterior margin slightly arcuate with a small blunt median point.

Eyes moderately prominent.

Peraeon segment 1 produced forwards laterally, where it is more

than twice as long as in the centre. Segments 2-4 short dorsally

and laterally ; segment 5 considerably longer laterally than dorsally ;

segment 6 shorter laterally than segment 5, segment 7. not reaching

the lateral margins.

Pleon segments 2-4 (the Ist is invisible) fused, only segment 2

reaching the lateral margins.

Telson basally forming part of the lateral margin, then rapidly

narrowing to the broadly rounded, subtruncate apex, central portion

slightly vaulted dorsally.

Epistome projecting forwards between the Ist antennae as a narrow

spiniform process.

Antenna 1 with first 2 joints expanded, Ist longer than broad,

378 Annals of the South African Museum.

2nd as long as Ist on its anterior margin, the anterior (outer) margin <

longer than the inner, 3rd joint slender, extending as far as outer

apex of 2nd, flagellum a trifle longer than 3rd peduncular joint,

5-jointed, with sensory setae.

Antenna 2 extending to end of Ist peraeon segment, Ist-3rd joints

subequal, 4th and 5th slightly longer, subequal, flagellum subequal

to peduncle, 7—8-jointed.

Mouth-parts normal. Maxilliped with 4-6 joints equally produced

internally, 7th joint rather short and stout, almost obovate, apex

rounded.

Peraeopods rather stout, subequal; peraeopods 1 and 2 simular,

1 a little stouter, with the 4th joint broader, outer apex of 4th with

a very strong apically pectinate spine, inner apex of 4th and 5th in

peraeopod 1 with a smaller pectinate spine, in peraeopod 2 with a

seta, unguis strong, secondary unguis at apex of 7th joint tubercular ;

peraeopods 3 and 5, outer apex of 4th joint with a strong pectinate

spine; peraeopod 4, apices of 4th and 5th joints with a strong

pectinate spine; peraeopod 6 similarly armed, with 2 similar spines

on each side of the median one on 5th joint; peraeopod similarly

armed, but the median spine on 5th joint long, extending to apex

of unguis and flanked with 4 spines, 5th joint relatively longer than

in the preceding peraeopods; inner margins of 4th—6th joints im all

the peraeopods smooth.

Pleopod 1, inner ramus twice as broad as long, outer margin

concave, setae on both rami long.

Pleopods 2 and 3, outer ramus narrower than inner. Inner apex

of peduncle in pleopods 1-3 with 3 hooked setae. Outer ramus of

pleopod 3 undivided.

Pleopod 4, both rami thin, nonsetose, undivided.

Pleopod 5, rami thin, nonsetose, outer ramus divided, squamiferous

processes not prominent.

Uropod, peduncle and inner ramus completely fused, lamellate, as

long as telson, outer ramus a minute but distinct tubercle inserted in

a notch quite near the base of the outer margin.

Length: 4mm.; breadth: 3°25 mm.

Colour: Pale straw, with scattered irregular pigment-specks, eyes

black.

Locality: Natal coast, 6 fathoms, off coral. 1 non-ovigerous 9,

2 juv. (H. W. Bell-Marley), May, 1917. (S.A.M. No. A4566.)

This interesting form was received too late for figuring in the

present paper.

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 379

Trine VALVIFERA.

This tribe contains two main families, the Astacillidae and

Idoteidae, with two other families, the Pseudidoteidae and Ameso-

podidae intermediate in characters between them. The differences

between these families consist in the shape of the body, the structure

of the anterior peraeopods, the proportional size of the ramus of

the uropod and the presence or absence of a second (rudimentary)

ramus, the structure of the first pair of pleopods, and a feature to

be mentioned below. As regards the first pleopods the Idoteidae

have a short peduncle with soft, simple, unornamented rami; the

Astacillidae have a long peduncle with the rami frequently transformed

in shape and modified, and more or less strongly chitinised.

Of the intermediate families the Psewdidoteidae combine the Idoteid

shape and anterior peraeopods with the Astacillid uropod and first

pleopod; the same is true of the Amesopodidae except that the

body-shape is intermediate and the character of the first pleopod is

unknown.

Turning to the features distinguishing this tribe from all the others

I may mention one which has not, so far as I am aware, been insisted

on—the position of the opening of the vasa deferentia in the male.

In Isopods generally (and in Amphipods) the vasa deferentia open on

the seventh peraeon segment, either about the middle of the segment

or on the posterior margin.

In the Valvifera, however, the openings have shifted on to the

first pleon segment. The two positions can be well seen by comparing

a Sphaeromid with an Idoteid.

Bate and Westwood (Brit. Sess. Crust. vol. 2, pp. 368, 380) quite

correctly describe the position of the male-stylets (through which the

vasa deferentia open) in Arcturus longicornis and (with figure) Idotea

tricuspidata (= baltica). On the other hand Gerstaecker (Bronn’s

Thierreich, Bd. 5, Abt. 2, p. 101) does not mention specially for the

Valvifera the position of the openings of the vasa deferentia in the

text, but figures them for Idotea (Mesidotea) entomon on the first

pleon segment (pl. 4, fig. 12). Sars represents the male-stylets of

Idotea baltica as on the seventh peraeon segment (pl. 32).

In all the examples of Valvifera that I have examined the male-

stylets open on the first pleon segment, although I have been guilty of

carelessness in this respect in my recent descriptions of South African

Valvifera.

So much for the position of the openings of the vasa deferentia. In

the majority of Isopods they do not open flush with the ventral surface

380 Annals of the South African Musewm.

but at the apices of two processes called penes—penial filaments ormale-

stylets. Gerstaecker (Lc. p. 102) gives Idotea and Aega as examples in

which such processes are absent, and his figure of I. entomon supports

this. But this is certainly wrong for Idotea, unless I. entomon is an

exception, for in all the species of Idoteidae which I have examined

(all those recorded from South Africa and Plymouth) these processes

are very evident. As can be seen by dissection they are traversed by

the vasa deferentia.

Thus it may be stated that in the Valvifera the vasa deferentia open

at the end of styliform processes on the first pleon segment.

But within the tribe the two main families are sharply divided by

the fact that the processes are separate in the Idoteidae * and united

into a single process in the Astaciilidae. At any rate this latter state-

ment is correct for all the South African species, for Astacilla longi-

cornis, Arcturella danmonensis, A. dilatata, Arcturus baffini, Antarcturus

antareticus and A. meridionalis. I am indebted to Dr. Calman for

examining the last four species. Thus I am unable to understand

Bate and Westwood’s statement (lc. p. 368) that in A. longicornis

“there is a pair of minute organs terminated by two somewhat

cultrate plates”; in the specimens I have examined there is only a

single median process tapering slightly to a blunt apex.

Similarly when Koehler (Bull. Inst. oc. Monaco, No. 214, p. 18),

describing the male of Arcturopsis senegalensis, says: “ entre les deux

pleopodes [de la premitre paire| se trouve le double penis habituel,”

and again (le. p. 52) for Astacilla mediterranea, “le penis . . . a

la forme habituelle,” there must be some mistake in this author’s

observation. Calman also in 1909 (Lankester’s Treatise Crust.

p. 212) states that there is only the single penis in the Arcturidae

(= Astacillidae).

The vasa deferentia still remain separate throughout their whole

length and open by separate orifices at the apex of the fused processes.

The coalescence of the two processes in the Astacillidae is most probably

to be ascribed to the narrowing of the body.

' Unfortunately the published accounts of Amesopous richardsonae

Stebb. and Pseudidotea bonnieri Ohlin gave no indication of the

character of the copulatory processes in these intermediate families.

From the character of the first pleopod and the uropod in P. bonnieri

I feel sure that there is a single median process ; such is also probably

the case in A. richardsonae, but of this one cannot be certain. On

applying to Mr. Stebbing for light on this point, he very kindly re-

* Synidotea hirtipes forms an exception, having a single process, which is,

however, not narrow as in the Astacillids but broad and apically blunt.

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 381

examined the type-specimen of Amesopous but failed to find the organ

in question, owing possibly, so he says, to the specimen not being fully

adult.

Coming now to the new genus described below, Holidotea, we find

a form which in general facies is a true Idoteid, apparently belonging

to the group with dorsal eyes containing Mesidotea and Chiridotea, but

without the cleft margins of the head characteristic of these genera.

Rather unexpectedly, however, it has only a single median process and

a modified first pleopod, and is therefore far removed from the true

Idoteids. On the other hand, peraeopods 2-4 are Idoteid in structure

and resemble somewhat those of Pseudidotea bonnieri.

The relationships between the families are set out in the following

table:

| |

| Idoteidae, Pseudidoteidae. | Amesopodidae. | Astacillidae.

| i= |

Body form .| Flattened — Flattened | Flattened Cylindrical

Peraeon seg-| Never elon- Neverelongate| Not elongate | Often elongate

ment4 | gate |

Peraeopod 1.)| Prehensile, | Prehensile | Stout, seti-| Slender, seti-

| often sub- | ferous ferous

chelate

Peraeopods Stout | Stout (moder- | 2 stout, 3and 4 | Slender, — seti-

2-4 | | ately) | absent ferous

Penis . : Double | Single (at least | ? Single

| in Holidotea) |

Pleopod 1 .| Soft,simple | Chitinised, | P Frequently

| modified | chitinised and

modified

Ramus of uro- Large Small Small Small

pod |

Secondramus| Absent Present Present Present

of uropod

Famity PSEUDIDOTEIDAE.

1901. Pseudidoteidae Ohlin. Svenska Exp. Magellan. vol. 2, p. 276.

1905. 55 Stebbing in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish.

Suppl. Rep. 23, p. 43.

HOouiporTea 2. g.

Head with lateral margins not cleft. Eyes dorsal. Side-plates

distinct on all segments except first. Pleon composed of a single

segment with two incomplete basal grooves. Flagellum of second

antenna 2-jointed. Inner plate of first maxilla with 3 plumose setae.

382 Annals of the South African Museum.

Maxilliped 7-jointed. First peraeopod stout, 6th joint ovate. Second

to fourth peraeopods longer and more slender, 6th joint slender, finger

straight. Fifth to seventh peraeopods stout. Uropod with a minute

ramus. Vasa deferentia opening by a single median process on first

pleon segment.

The first portion of the generic name refers to the uncleft lateral

margins of the head.

HOo.LiporEA UNICORNIS ND. sp.

(Plate XVI. Figs. 18-23.)

Body smooth but with a thick felty covering of dirt and often

Diatoms and Vorticella; more convex in f than 9. Head twice as

broad as long, anterior margin broadly excavate, lateral margins

entire, straight or slightly emarginate, antero- and_postero-lateral

angles quadrate; central portion of head convex and gibbous, simple

in 2 but armed in ¢ with a large flat triangular tooth or horn arising

from the posterior margin, the posterior face of the tooth concave,

apex subacute, sides denticulate. Eyes prominent, dorsal, circular.

Peraeon segments 1-4 subequal in length, 2 and 3 wider than | and

4, segments 5—7 decreasing in width, 5 abruptly narrower than 4, all

the segments dorsally smooth except 5-7 in 3g, each of which bears

2 obscure submedian tubercles. Side-plates distinct on all the seg-

ments except Ist, those on 2—4 subtriangular in 3, the antero-lateral

angles being prominently produced and subacute, quadrate and not so

produced in 9, 5-7 in both sexes shallow, with rounded margins.

Segment 4 in ¢ with a median ventral spiniform projection.

Pleon ovate, widening slightly and then tapering to a subacute apex,

lateral margins evenly convex, with 2 little notches at the base indi-

cating the 2 incomplete basal sutures, both rather indistinct; dorsal

surface in g with 2 short submedian keels (being a continuation of

the ornamentation on the peraeon segments 5—7) and a circular median

tubercle just beyond the centre, in 2 smooth.

Antenna | reaching to middle of 3rd joint of antenna 2, Ist joint

stout, 2nd nearly as long but more slender, 8rd much shorter than

2nd, flagellum as long as 2nd, tipped with setae.

Antenna 2 reaching to end of 2nd peraeon segment, 2nd joint stout,

3rd—5th becoming successively more slender and a little longer, 2nd

and 3rd joints triangular in section, the three margins denticulate,

more strongly so in ¢ than Q; surface of 4th, especially towards apex,

scabrous, flagellum subequal to 5th joint, 2-jointed, 2nd joint a little

shorter than Ist and tipped with a few setae and a gently curved spine.

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 383

Upper and lower lips and mandible normal; molar rather prominent.

Maxilla 1, inner plate with 3 plumose setae, outer plate with 9 almost

simple spines.

Mavxilla 2, outer and middle plates each with 3 setae.

Maxilliped 7-jointed, 5th joint largest (except 2nd), 7th small, inner

plate broad, apically truncate, coupling-hook apparently absent, epipod

ovate-lanceolate.

Peraeopod 1 rather stout, subchelate, 4th joint abruptly wider than

3rd or (to a less extent) 5th, inner margin of 4th—6th joints crenulate

and armed with spine-setae, 6th ovate, finger straight with small

accessory unguis and a transverse row of setae near the base.

Peraeopods 2-4 longer and more slender than Ist, 4th joint abruptly

wider than 5th and (to a less extent) 3rd, outer apical angle denticu-

late, 6th longest (except 2nd), narrow, finger = length of 6th, slender,

with small accessory unguis.

Peraeopods 5-7 stout, 3rd—5th joints subequal, their outer surfaces

denticulate, 6th equal to 4th plus 5th, its outer margin, especially

apically, scabrous or denticulate, finger stout, gently curved, with a

slender spine in place of the accessory unguis.

Marsupial plates on 2nd—4th segments large, overlapping.

Male appendage or penis attached to 1st pleon segment between the

bases of Ist pleopods, slender, apex bilobed, reaching to the end of the

peduncle of Ist pleopods.

Pleopod 1 in g, peduncle long with 5 hooked spines near the base

of inner margin, inner ramus reduced, shorter than peduncle, feebly

setose, outer ramus not quite twice length of peduncle, tapering,

curved outwards at the apex; inner margin straight and smooth, outer

concave before the bent apex and set with spines, which become more

closely set and longer distally; apex with a little notch hidden in

setules ; the peduncle and outer ramus are more strongly chitinised

and have a yellowish tinge.

spines in middle of inner margin, outer margin setose, inner ramus

reduced, shorter than peduncle, inner margin setulose, outer ramus a

little longer than peduncle, tapering to a blunt apex, outer margin

setose.

Pleopod 2, peduncle short, without hooked spines, rami equal in

length, outer broader than inner, apices truncate, apices anti outer

margin of outer ramus with long plumose setae; stylet in ¢ as long

as inner ramus, straight, distal half narrower than basal half, apex

subacute, margins distally minutely crenulate.

Pleopods 3-5 ovate-lanceolate.

384 Annals of the South African Museum.

Uropod tapering, inner margin straight, outer evenly convex, setose

ramus very small, tipped with a spine and setules; the presence or

absence of a second, concealed, ramus could not be determined owing

to the impossibility of removing the dirt.

Length: g¢ 55mm., 9 6:25 mm.; breadth, § 2°5 mm., 2 3 mm.

Colour: In spirit dirty pinkish, eyes reddish.

Locality : Walker Point (near Knysna) NE. by N. 3 N., distant

7 miles. 47 fathoms. 4 @, ovigerous 2 9 and juv.; Knysna Heads

N., distant 10 miles. 52 fathoms. @¢, 2 9 and juv.; Cape Seal

W. by N. 3 W., distant 7 miles. 39 fathoms. 1 9; Agulhas Bank

(without more exact locality, depth or date). 14,5 99. ss.

“Pieter Faure.” 11/10/00, 2/7/02 and 20/4/06. (S.A.M., Nos. A3863,

A4116, A4188 and A4189 respectively ).

Famity ASTACILLIDAE.

For references see Barnard, Ann. 8.A. Mus. vol. 10, pt. 7, p. 206,

1914, and add:

1913. Richardson, 2me Exp. Antarc. franc. Isopodes, p. 14.

It is with great regret that, on the vexed question of the number of

marsupial plates in the members of this family, I find myself in

opposition to Prof. Koehler. This author (1911, Bull. Inst. oe.

Monaco, No. 214) has stated that in all the species examined by him

the number of pairs of marsupial plates is constantly three. Amongst

these species was Astacilla longicornis (Sow.).

A. longicornis is a common species at Plymouth, and is found both

on Hydroids and among the spines of Hehinus esculentus. I have

recently examined nearly 50 female specimens of this species in various

stages and in every case I have been able to find four pairs of mar-

supial plates. In the immature nonovigerous stage the pair on the Ist

segment are quite as clearly defined as in the ovigerous stage. This

pair does not increase in size so much as the 2nd and 3rd pairs and

does not take any part in the formation of the actual brood chamber.

The two plates overlie the “vibratory plates ” of the maxillipeds, and,

like these, evidently help to aérate the brood chamber.

In the nonovigerous specimen of A. mediterranea mentioned below

all 4 pairs of plates are very distinctly seen. They have not reached

their full size yet, and the Ist pair embrace the vibratory plates

instead of overlapping them.

In this latter specimen the Ist-3rd pairs are very easy to observe

(without any dissection), because they are in an early stage of develop-

ment. They are more sac-like than the fully developed plates and

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 385

contain a large amount of coagulated granular matter. Ata later

stage, as seen in A. longicornis, this granular matter becomes greatly

reduced and is restricted to the basal and central portion of the plate,

which has become very much thinner and is surrounded by a perfectly

transparent border. In fact, in the lst plate of A. longicornis by far

the greater portion of the plate is transparent. Consequently, I

believe, it is due to this transparency and the fact that the plate lies

Jjlat against the ventral surface that this Ist pair of plates has been

overlooked.

Possibly also the method of preservation may account for it. At

any rate, Koehler’s statement must be regarded as incorrect.

In Arcturella corniger (Stebb.) there are also definitely four pairs

of marsupial plates, as I have previously recorded in the description

of A. hirsutus, which proves to be a synonym of corniger (see below).

But in the species of Arctwrella described below I believe there are

truly only three pairs of plates present.*

On a further point also I am obliged to differ from the said author.

The genus Arcturopsis was founded to receive certain forms which

were closely allied to Arctwrella, but were said to differ in the presence

of a ventral process on the 3rd (or in one species on the 5th) peraeon

segment in the ¢. This process was developed to a varying degree,

and was stated to occur in no other Astacillid (“il ne se rencontre

chez aucun autre Arcturidé”). When describing Arcturopsis hirsutus

in 1914, I placed it in this genus on account of a small tubercle on

the 3rd segment in the ¢, which, though not developed to any such

size as In Koehler’s species, was evidently homologous.

On revising, however, all the species of Astacillids at my command

for the present paper, I found an exactly similar process on the 3rd

segment in Arcturella danmonensis (Stebb.) and in Astacilla lonqi-

cornis. I then applied to Prof. G. O. Sars to know if such a process

was present in the type-species of the genus, Arctwrella dilatata

Sars. Prof. Sars kindly examined his specimens and corroborated my

belief that A. dilatata did possess a process, albeit only “small, some-

what conical, anteriorly pointing” (Sars. in litt. 5/8/16). He also

confirmed my observation of its presence in A. longicornis.

Dr. Calman, to whom also I mentioned the matter, kindly examined

some species in the British Museum collection with the result that he

* Note to p. 191 in Hansen, Dan. Ingolf. Exp., ili, 5,19i6. The presence

of a Sth pair of marsupial plates in Arcturus bafini is rather astonishing in

view of the strongly prehensile nature of the 5th peraeopods and the position

assumed by the body. Hansen found 5 pairs also in two species of Pleuroprion ;

but this is less remarkable as this genus is more Idoteid in shape.

386 Annals of the South African Museum.

confirmed Sars’ report of the presence of a process in A. dilatata

and also in Arcturus baffini; “but it is so small in the latter case

that it can hardly be regarded as of systematic importance” (Calman

in litt. 81/7/16). Calman states that it is absent in Antarctwrus

antarcticus and meridionalis. It is also absent in the specimens I

described in 1914 as the male of Antarcturus kladophoros Stebb., in

Astacilla bacillus n. sp. and in the only two of the new species assigned

to Arcturella of which the male is known."

It seems, therefore, that no great importance can be attached to the

presence or absence of such a process, and that it cannot be used to

delimit the genera in this family. But its presence in Arctwrella

dilatata renders unnecessary the genus Arctwropsis, which must

therefore sink into synonymy.

But Koehler described one species in which the process was on the

fifth segment—namely, A. melitensis; he did not, however, think that

a new genus was necessary for this species and so placed it in

Arcturopsis. On the contrary, I think he might well have instituted

another genus for it, and I propose here, since Arctwropsis, void ab

initio, cannot be used, the name—

ARCTOPSIS 0.¢.

Like Arcturella Sars, but with a ventral process on the fifth peraeon

segment in the male.

One species: A. melitensis (Koehler) 1911.

Gren. ASTACILLA Cordiner.

1795. Astacilla Cordiner, Singular Subjects of Nat. Hist. sect.

Astacillae.

1895. _ Stebbing, Hist. Crust. p. 370.

LSS: " Sars, Crust. Norw. vol. 2, p. 87.

1901. a Ohlin, Svenska Exp. Magellan, vol. 2, p. 266.

1905. ‘e Stebbing in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish. Suppl.

Rep. 25, p. 46.

1905. FS Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 54, p. 3253.

TOUT. a: Koehler, Bull. Inst. oc. Monaco, No. 214, pp. 1, 44,

etc.

1914. 53 Vanhoffen, Deutsche Siidpol. Exp. vol. 15, pt. 4, p. 523.

ASTACILLA BACILLUS 0. sp.

Body perfectly smooth, non-granular, nonsetose. Limits of head

and peraeon segment 1 scarcely visible. Eyes horizontally pear-

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 387

shaped, narrowing posteriorly. Antero-lateral angles of Ist peraeon

segment subacute. Peraeon segments 2 and 3 subequal. Peraeon

segment 4 in ¢ exceedingly elongate and slender, a little over half

the total length (11 mm.), in @ moderately slender, a little less than

half the total length (4 mm.), the antero-lateral angles slightly

projecting. Segment 5 larger and deeper than segments 6 and 7,

which are subequal. No ventral process on either 5rd or 5th segment

in 3.

Pleon longer than last 3 peraeon segments together, composed of

2 short segments in advance of the telson, which has an angular tooth

on the lateral margin and a subacute apex.

Antenna 1, 2nd and 3rd joints both shorter than Ist, flagellum

longer than peduncle.

Antenna 2, flagellum 2-jointed, with terminal unguis, lower margin

with one row of denticles situate on inner side.

Peraeopod 1 geniculate between 2nd and 3rd joints, 5rd and 4th

joints subequal, 5th equal to 3rd plus 4th, 6th a little shorter than

5th, 7th short without unguis but tipped with setae, 5th and 6th

densely setose.

Peraeopods 2-4 increasing in length, projecting straight in front,

not geniculate, 4th and 5th joints subequal, 6th a little longer, all

three with long plumose setae.

Three pairs of marsupial plates. The inset-piece of that on the

4th segment can here scarcely be called an “inset” piece for it is

equal in length to } of the total length of the plate, subtriangular

in shape, and separated from the main portion by a slightly angular

suture, nonsetose. The plate is probably not fully developed, but

any further development would probably affect only the transverse

‘width and not the relative lengths of the anterior and posterior

margins.

Male appendage on Ist pleon segment narrow-pyriform, tapering to

an acute apex.

Pleopod 1, peduncle with 4 hooked spines on middle of inner

margin, rami subequal, not modified in ¢.

Pleopod 2 in @, stylet half as long again as ramus, stout as far

as apex of ramus and then narrowing rapidly to the deeply bifurcate

apex.

Uropod, concealed ramus with 2 apical setae.

Length: & 20 mm., 2 10 mm.; breadth: ¢ 1 mm., 2 1 mm.

Colour : In spirit pale yellowish, eyes reddish.

Locality: Walker Point, NE. by N. 3 N., distant 7 miles (off

Knysna). 47 fathoms. 1 nonovigerous 9 ; O'Neil Peak, NNW. i W.,

388 Annals of the South African Museum.

distant 8 miles (Zululand). 55 fathoms. 1 ¢@. s.s. ‘‘ Pieter Faure.’”

11/10/00 and 28/2/01. (S.A.M. Nos. A3862 and A4129.)

This species is named after the extraordinarily slender form of

the male. I see no reason to doubt that the male and female are

conspecific.

The structure of the marsupial plate on the 4th segment is quite.

different from that of A. longicornis, deshayesii or mediterranea as

figured by Koehler.

ASTACILLA MEDITERRANEA Koehler.

1911. Astacilla mediterranea Koehler, lL.c., p. 44, figs. 25-29.

The single female agrees so well with Koehler’s description that

I think there can be no doubt as to the specific identity. In one or

two details there is a slight difference, and in one point a comparison

is not possible because Koehler does not mention it. A future

comparison of South African specimens with the types may therefore

possibly lead to the former being separated as a variety, though

scarcely I think as a new species.

In the first place there are scarcely any setules developed on the

tubercles, in which connection see the remarks on the variability of

a similar feature in Arctwrella corniger infra. The tubercles on the

head and Ist peraeon segment curve gently forwards. The tubercle

on the 5rd peraeon segment is much smaller than in Koehler’s figure,

and there is in addition a similar, though even smaller, tubercle on

the 2nd segment; both these tubercles curve backwards and are

merely the slightly more developed forms of the granules or

‘“‘squamules”” which are distributed generally over the whole surface.

The median tubercle on the 4th segment is not symmetrical in

profile as in Koehler’s figure, but has a more gradual anterior, a.

steeper and more abrupt posterior, slope. Of the posterior median

tubercle (anterior to the one on the posterior margin) only one is.

developed, and that immediately in front of and almost contiguous

with the large one on the posterior margin. On either side of this.

latter tubercle, i.e. on the upper postero-lateral angles of the segment,.

is a small conical process which may correspond with that which

Koehler describes as on the inferior angle.

Secondly, the point on which Koehler is silent: the lateral margin

of the 4th segment is slightly turned out horizontally instead of

continuing in the same plane as the rest of the segment, forming a

very shallow groove which is quite smooth and free from granules.

On the margin itself, however, is a very regular row of granules, and

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 389

a further similar row runs along the extreme upper margin of the

side-plate.

Assuming that these two rows are absent in the Mediterranean

form, this feature and the conical processes on the posterior margin

would seem to be a valid reason for giving a varietal name to the

South African form.

Eyes subtrigonal rather than oval.

Flagellum of antenna 2-3-jointed; 3rd joint very small, without

any row of denticles along the lower margin. In Koehler’s specimens

the flagellum was serrulate.

Four pairs of marsupial plates, that on the Ist segment very

distinct and almost as large as those on segments 2 and 3, which

have probably not reached their full development, that on segment 4

also not fully developed since in the anterior part they scarcely meet

in the middle line, but posteriorly they are fused in the middle line

so that the presence of an inset-piece is not determinable.

The specimen contains several irregular masses of yolk-granules

representing maturing ova, and shows in the appendages the new

skin developing under the old, so that the next moult will see the full

development of the marsupial plates.

Length: 75 mm.; breadth: 1 mm.

Colour: In spirit yellowish, eyes reddish.

Locality: Umkomaas River, NW. by W. 3 W., distant 5 miles.

40 fathoms. 1 nonovigerous 2 on the Gorgonacean Villogorgia

mauritiensis Ridley. s.s. “Pieter Faure.” 31/12/00. (S.A.M.

No. A4144.)

Geogr. Distribution: Villefranche, Mediterranean (Koehler).

Gen. ARCTURELLA Sars.

1897. Arcturella Sars, Crust. Norw. vol. 2, p. 92.

1904. ‘. Norman, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), vol. 16, p. 448.

1908. 5 Stebbing, 8. A. Crust. pt. 4, p. 51.

1911. 3 Koehler, Le. pp. 4, 39.

1911. Arctwropsis id. ibid. p. 8.

Reasons have already been given for merging Arcturopsis in the

earlier Arcturella. There seems to be no essential difference between

them unless one considers the relative lengths of the 4th segment in

the male; in A. dilatata and danmonensis it is not longer than the

rest of the body posterior to it, though it varies somewhat, being much

shorter in the former, but in the latter only a little shorter, or even,

in one Plymouth specimen I have seen, equal to the rest of the body

390 Annals of the South African Museum.

behind it. In Koehler’s species of Arctwropsis, on the other hand,

the 4th segment is greatly elongate, exceeding in length the rest of

the body behind it. Opinions may differ as to this being of generic

importance, but it seems scarcely necessary to consider it so, for

there always remains the possibility of discovering transitional forms.

In fact lineata and corniger are examples, the former having the

4th segment equal to, the latter a little longer than, the posterior

portion of the body.

Sars’ definition must be slightly modified; flagellum of antenna 2

1-3-jointed, with 2 rows of denticles on the lower surface; 3rd

peraeon segment in male with (typically), but sometimes without,

a ventral process, when present more or less strongly developed ; outer

ramus of pleopod 1 in male not modified.

In the course of studying the specimens belonging to this genus, I

have been confronted in one case with a difficulty similar to that which

arose in the case of the genus Cymodoce, namely that of correlating the

male and female. The facts were as follows :

A g¢ and @ were taken from a bottle, P.F. No. 15817, the contents

of which were all dredged on the same day and in the same spot. These

were the only Astacillids taken in that haul, and would be regarded as

conspecific under the usual working hypothesis and unless evidence to

the contrary were forthcoming.

In fact this ¢ agrees perfectly in structure with the ¢ ¢ here

assigned to lineata which were taken in association with the Q ?

entirely different from the 2 from bottle 15817. Since then it is

better to presume that the sexes are similar rather than dissimilar,

even in a family in which sexual dimorphism is a common phenomenon,

the following morphological reason points against the g and 9 from

bottle 15817 being conspecific ; the ornamentation of the 4th peraeon

segment in the ¢ ¢ and 2 9° of lineata, taken in the same haul,

consists in both cases of 2 mediodorsal tubercles.

Key to the South African Species of Arcturella.

A. Width of 4th peraeon segment in 2 less than length, in ¢ very

much less. Body in both sexes subcylindrical.

Flagellum of antenna 2, 2- or 3-jointed.

i. A small ventral process on 3rd segment

in ¢. Bodyin Q normally hirsute

and strongly tuberculate . . corniger (Stebb.).

i. Noventral process. Bodyin 2 glabrous

and feebly tuberculate . : . lineata (Stebb.).

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 391

B. Width of 4th segment in ? greater than length. Body in both

sexes depressed. Flagellum of antenna 2 1-jointed.

1. Segment 4 in @ tuberculate . : . pustulata n. sp.

il. Segment 4 in 2 not tuberculate.

a. Outer margin of 2nd joint of antenna

2 entire. Peraeopod 5 (in 9? at least)

with 2nd joint longer than all the other

joints together : : . longipes . sp.

b. Outer margin of 2nd joint of Be

2 notched. Peraeopod 5 with 2nd joint

shorter than all the rest together . brevipes n. sp.

ARCTURELLA CORNIGER (Stebb.).

1873. Arcturus corniger Stebbing, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), vol. 12,

p: 261¢9)):.

1908. Arcturella (?),, id. l.c. p. 51.

1913. Antarcturus ornatus Tattersall, Tr. Roy. Soe. Edinb. vol. 49,

pt. 4, p. 889, pl., fig. 5 (@).

1914. Arcturus (?) corniger Barnard, Ann. S.A. Mus. vol. 10, pt. 7,

p. 207.

1914. Arcturopsis hirsutus id. ibid. p. 207, pl. 194 (¢ 2).

At the time I described A. hirsutus I was not aware of the publica-

tion of Tattersall’s paper, and in comparing the species with Stebbing’s

corniger I pointed out certain characters which then seemed to me to

distinguish the two species. Further examples have since been dis-

covered among the “ Pieter Faure” collections which enables me to

establish the above synonymy.

In the first place a comparison of the figures of ornatus and hirsutus

leaves no doubt that they are conspecific.

Secondly, the new material shows the extreme variability of the

dorsal tubercles and setae on the 4th peraeon segment of the ?, thus

affording a series uniting all three forms.

Setae in ? seem to be normally present, though varying in quantity,

but frequently the body is perfectly glabrous. The anterior median

tubercle is not as large in any of my specimens (except one from

Sebastian Bluff) as in Stebbing’s example, but is usually present,

though absent in the specimens described as hirsutus. The apices of

all the tubercles vary from pointed to blunt. The three posterior

tubercles show the greatest amount of variation. They may be low,

rounded-topped knobs, or moderately high blunt tubercles or high spini-

form projections. This last form is shown in the figure of hirsutus,

392 Annals of the South African Museum.

but may reach an even greater development ; ornatus shows a very

moderate development of tubercles. Or again, the two tubercles on

the posterior margin may coalesce to form a rounded transverse ridge

which occasionally develops a third (median) tubercle between the two

normal ones.

The tubercle on the lst segment is usually more prominent than

those on the 2nd and 3rd segments.

In the specimen from Sebastian Bluff the two posterior tubercles on

the head are equal in height to the length of the head, but normally

all 4 tubercles are not at a!l prominent.

The tubercles on the 4th marsupial plate vary from 2 to 7.

The flagellum of antenna 2 in both sexes has 2 rows of denticles on

the under surface, not only the one on the inner margin as in my

original description. Tattersall could not see any in his specimen

of ornatus, but I think they must have been present; they are rather

difficult to make out sometimes, especially the row on the owter inferior

margin. The suture between the 2nd and 3rd joints is also very

obscure sometimes, the third joint appearing to consist merely of the

apical tooth or unguis.

The male appendage, which I described as situate on the 7th peraeon

segment, is really on the Ist pleon segment.

Of the variety swbglaber no further examples have come to light.

Nor have I found any transitional forms between this and the typical

form, so that I still keep it as a variety.

Additional Localities: Bakkoven Rock NW. by W., distant 2 miles

(False Bay). 24 fathoms. 2 ¢¢, 3 99; Walker Point (near

Knysna), NE. by N.iN., distant 7 miles. 47 fathoms. 10 ¢ 6,

3 29; Sebastian Bluff W. by N.32N., distant 6 miles. 28 fathoms.

1 9. s.s. “Pieter Faure.” 11/11/02, 11/10/00 and 5/7/00. Also

several ¢ ¢ and 9 9 from the previously recorded locality off Robben

Island.

ARCTURELLA LINEATA (Stebb.).

1873. Arcturus lineatus Stebbing, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), vol. 12,

Dp. 97,.pl. SA. Te. dNe

1875. if és id. ibid. (4), vol. 15, p. 187.

1914. je as Barnard, Ann. S.A. Mus. vol. 10, pt. 7, p. 207.

Body glabrous, minutely granular in ¢, subcylindrical. Head not

broader than long, antero-lateral processes rounded with a point on

outer margin near apex, surface smooth. Peraeon segments 2 and 3

slightly widening in ? ; segment 4 much longer than wide,in g 18:8,

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 393

in 2 12:8, in ¢ coffin-shaped, with a small medio-dorsal tubercle in

the anterior half and another near the posterior margin, the latter

hook-shaped and pointed backwards, some granules larger than the

rest along the lateral margins, in 9? slightly wider anteriorly than

posteriorly, sides nearly straight, a low rounded medio-dorsal tubercle

in the anterior half and another on the posterior margin, the posterior

margin itself somewhat thickened and elevated; segments 5 and 6 with

rounded side-plates only partly visible in dorsal view, segment 5 in J

with a small median tubercle on both anterior and posterior margins,

segment 6 in ¢ with one on the posterior margin only, segment 7 with

subacute side-plates.

Pleon segments 1-3 slightly widening, but 3 not laterally projecting,

its posterior margin distinctly trilobed, telson tapering to a truncate

apex.

Antenna 2, 2nd joint toothed on outer margin, 3rd and 4th in

adult ¢ tuberculate on inner lower surfaces, 1 or 2 tubercles also on

5th, this latter joint in @ with very minute denticles on lower inner

margin ; flagellum 2-jointed, with 2 rows of small denticles on lower

surface.

Peraeopods 2-4 relatively long.

Peraeopod 5, 2nd joint scarcely equal to width of segment 4 and

shorter than all the other joints together.

Marsupial plates, three pairs, inset piece of that on 4th segment

extending along whole posterior margin, setulose.

Male appendage on pleon segment 1 apically blunt.

Pleopod 2, male stylet half as long again as ramus, rather stout,

apex deeply bifurcate in adult, acute in immature specimens.

Concealed ramus of uropod with 3 setae.

Length: § 1limm., 9 9mm.; breadth: § and ? 1:5 mm.

Colour: In spirit, largest specimen yellowish, eyes reddish; other

specimens pinkish-brown or whitish, covered with minute dark

pigment-specks, eyes reddish or black.

Locality: False Bay. 1 juv. 2 on Gorgonia flammea ; (?) Agulhas

Bank. 1 ovigerous 9 and 2 juv. 2 2 on Gorgonia albicans. (L. J.

Irvine.) 1915; Algoa Bay. 20fathoms. 1 ¢; 34°19’S., 25°52’.

100 fathoms. 1 ¢,2 juv. gg, 3 ovigerous and 1 juv. 2 ? ; False

Bay. 22fathoms. 1 gd. s.s. “Pieter Faure.” 12/12/98, 1/11/98 and

30/10/02. (S.A.M. Nos. A8072, A4140, A4141, A4142 and A4059

respectively.)

Stebbing received his specimen from Port Elizabeth.

In this species there is some variation, albeit slight, in the develop-

ment of the dorsal tubercles, especially on segments 5 and 6 in ¢;

394 Annals of the South African Museum.

in some specimens these are quite distinct and pointed, in others blunt

and very indistinct.

The ¢ of this species closely resembles in general appearance that

of A. corniger, but may be easily distinguished by the absence of any

ventral process on the 3rd peraeon segment and by the hook-like shape

of the posterior tubercle on the 4th segment.

ARCTURELLA PUSTULATA 0. Sp.

(Plate XVI. Fig. 24.)

Female.—Body glabrous, moderately depressed. Head wider (across

the eyes) than long, antero-lateral angles subacute, with a minute point

in the middle of outer margin, front margin strongly concave, dorsal

surface quite smooth. Eyes large, oval. Peraeon segment 1 without

visible suture separating it from the head; segments 2 and 3 gradually

widening ; segments 1-3 quite smooth; segment 4 wider (across the

anterior margin) than long, lateral margins not greatly expanded,

nearly straight, converging posteriorly, smooth except for the tubercles

in the posterior half, which are arranged thus: 2 in each of the postero-

lateral angles, a small one immediately in front of a larger one, a little

in front of these 2 large submedian tubercles, the extreme postero-

lateral angles also bluntly tubercular; side-plate on segment 4

quadrangular.

The relative development of the tubercles, however, is subject to

some variation as in corniger. The 10mm. long ovigerous 2 No. A4145

has only very faint traces of the 2 submedian tubercles, and the

smaller postero-lateral ones are entirely absent, whereas the pair of

large ones is strongly developed, being at least $ mm. in height.

Young specimens up to 7 mm. are quite smooth dorsally. A specimen

8 mm. long shows the 2 submedian tubercles and the 2 large postero-

lateral ones; another also 8 mm. long shows only the 4 postero-lateral

tubercles.

The tubercles are low and rounded; even when strongly developed

they are apically blunt.

Segment 5 longer than either 6 or 7; side-plates on these 3 segments

pendulous, not completely visible in dorsal view.

Pleon with the first 3 segments very slightly wider than the telson,

the 3rd not laterally prominent, all the sutures very indistinct, telson

without any lateral teeth or projections, apex subacute, shallowly

notched.

Antenna 2, 2nd joint with strong tooth on outer margin, 5th with

a row of very minute denticles along lower inner margin, flagellum of

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 395

a single joint, with 2 rows of denticles along the lower margin, that

on inner side containing a larger tooth about half-way along, a large

stout tooth on the lower margin at base of the terminal unguis.

Peraeopods 2-4 relatively long, apex of 5th joint of peraeopod 4&

nearly reaching apex of antero-lateral angle of head.

Peraeopod 5, 2nd joint 2 length of segment 4, shorter than all the

other joints together.

Three pairs of marsupial plates, that on 4th segment with a setulose

inset-piece extending nearly the whole length of the posterior margin.

Concealed ramus of uropod with 5 unequal setae.

Length: Ovigerous 2 825-10 mm.; breadth: 2°25 mm.

Colour: In spirit yellowish or pinkish, eyes dark reddish.

Locality: Umkomaas River NW. by W. $ W., distant 5 miles.

40 fathoms. 1 ovigerous 2 on the Gorgonacean Villogorgia mauri-

tiensis Ridley ; Durnford Point NE. by E., distant 9 miles. 135 fathoms.

12 juv. 99. ss. “Pieter Faure.” 31/12/00 and 8/2/01. Natal

coast. 6 fathoms. 1 ovigerous ?,3 juv. “on coral.” (H. W. Bell-

Marley.) May, 1917. (S.A.M. Nos. A4145, A4143 and A4567.)

ARCTURELLA LONGIPES 0. Sp.

(Plate XVI. Figs. 25, 26.)

Body glabrous, minutely shagreened, greatly depressed, especially

in 2. Head, together with peraeon segment 1, as wide as long, the

lateral projections not produced beyond the antero-lateral point, dorsal

surface with 2 small acute tubercles between the eyes in ¢, smooth

in 2. Eyes large, oval. Peraeon segment 1 with moderately distinct

suture separating it from head; segments 2 and 3 widening gradually

in Q, segments 1-3 apparently each with a small median tubercle in

do, but these portions rather bruised, smooth in 2; segment 4 longer

than broad (10:8) in g, broader than long in 9 (width equal to

combined length of segments 3 and 4), in g oblong with equal

posterior and anterior margins and nearly straight sides, smooth

except for one median hook-like tubercle near the posterior margin,

directed backwards, in 2 anterior margin greater than posterior, sides

slightly sinuous, entirely smooth; side-plate of segment 4 in 92 pro-

jecting forwards as an acute point; segment 5 not greatly larger than

6 or 7,5 and 6 with rounded side-plates completely visible in dorsal

view, 7 with subacute postero-lateral angles, all 3 segments smooth in

both sexes.

Pleon with first 3 segments widening gradually, 3rd_ projecting

396 Annals of the South African Museum.

laterally beyond telson, which tapers to a narrow truncate apex,

without lateral teeth, dorsal surface smooth.

Antenna 2, 2nd joint with an entire straight outer margin, lower

margins of 3rd—5th joits not tuberculate in @, flagellum of a single

joint with terminal unguis, lower margin with 2 rows of denticles,

with a slightly larger denticle at the base of the unguis in ? only.

Peraeopods 2-4 relatively long, especially in ?, 5th joint reaching

the lateral process of head.

Peraeopod 5, 2nd joint in 2 equal to length of segment 4, longer

than all the other joints together, in ¢ lost; peraeopods 5-7 with

a small setiferous elevation in the middle of hind margin of 2nd joint,

most marked on peraeopods 6 and 7, especially in ¢.

Three pairs of marsupial plates, that on 4th segment with setulose

inset-piece extending nearly the whole length of posterior margin.

Pleopods 1 and 2 and male appendage mutilated.

Concealed ramus of uropod with 3 setae in ¢, 3-4 in 9.

Length: 6 10 mm., ? 9 mm.; breadth: 32 mm., 2 2°5 mm.

Colour: In spirit yellowish, eyes reddish or black.

Locality: Table Bay, 22 fathoms. 1 somewhat bruised and muti-

lated ¢; Cape St. Francis NE., distant 29 miles. 75 fathoms.

1 ovigerous 2. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 5/3/00 and 19/2/02. (S.A.M.

Nos. A3830 and A4058.)

This species is easily distinguished from the other species by the

unnotched 2nd joint of antenna 2, the 2nd joints of peraeopods 5-7

and the laterally projecting 3rd pleon segment, also the acute side-

plate on segment 4 in the 9.

ARCTURELLA BREVIPES 0. sp.

(Plate XVI. Fig. 27.)

Female.—Body glabrous, very faintly shagreened, greatly depressed.

Head wider than long, lateral processes rounded, with a small point on

outer margin near the apex, dorsal surface smooth. Eyes large, oval.

Peraeon segment 1 with very indistinct suture separating it from head ;

segments 2 and 3 gradually widening; segment 4 much wider than

long, width across anterior margin being equal to length of segments

1-4 together, narrower posteriorly, sides distinctly sinuous, surface

smooth; segments 5 and 6 with rounded side-plates ; segment 7 with

subacute side-plates ; all the segments smooth.

Pleon segments 1-3 very slightly wider than telson, 3rd not projecting

laterally, telson tapering to a subacute truncate_apex.

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 397

Antenna 2, 2nd joint toothed on outer margin, 5th joint smooth,

flagellum of a single joint, its lower margin with 2 rows of denticles

and a larger tooth at base of unguis.

Peraeopods 2-4 short, 6th joint (not 5th) of peraeopod 4 reaching

beyond eyes.

Peraeopod 5, 2nd joint about 2 length of segment 4, but shorter

than the other joints together.

Three pairs of marsupial plates, that on 4th segment with setulose

inset-piece extending nearly whole length of posterior margin.

Concealed ramus of uropod with 4 setae.

Length: 9mm.; breadth: 3 mm.

Colour: In spirit yellowish, eyes reddish.

Locality: ? Agulhas Bank. 3 ovigerous and numerous juv. ? 9

on Gorgonia albicans (J. L. Irvine). 1915; False Bay. 22 fathoms.

1 ovigerous 2. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 30/10/02. (S.A.M. Nos. A3884

and A4139.)

This species is named in allusion to the most easily noticeable

difference between it and the preceding species.

Gren. NEOARCTURUS Brnrd.

1914. Neoarcturus Barnard, Ann. 8.A. Mus. vol. 10, pt. 7, p. 215.

The discovery of the female shows that this genus is remarkably

close to Arcturus, differing only in the composition of the pleon and

the 3-jointed flagellum of antenna 2.

NEoARCTURUS OUDOPS Brnurd.

1914. Neoarcturus oudops Barnard, l.c. p. 214, pls. 18c and 19s.

The original description was based on a single male and is confirmed

by an examination of the present specimens except in one point: the

male appendage was stated to be on the 7th peraeon segment, whereas

really it is on the Ist pleon segment.

The female differs in no way from the male except in being broader

across peraeon segments 2-4; segment 4 is not longer than the others.

The sculpturing is the same, but more prominent than in the male,

especially the lateral tubercles on the posterior ridges.

Maxilliped like that of 3, without vibratory plate.

Peraeopod 2, 2nd joint a little longer than 4th joint.

Three pairs of marsupial plates. Side-plates on segments 2-4 pro-

duced backwards and downwards as acute processes supporting the

marsupial plates.

Pleopod 1, peduncle with two hooked spines on inner margin and

€

398 Annals of the South African Museum.

several denticles on outer, outer ramus a little longer than peduncle,

elongate-ovate, apex blunt, inner ramus as long as peduncle and half

the width of outer ramus, narrow, apex subacute, apices and outer

margin of both rami setose.

Pleopod 2, rami subequal, elongate-oblong, apices rounded-truncate,

setose.

Locality: Cape Point N. 89° E., distant 36 miles. 700 fathoms.

Several ¢ ¢ and 9 9 with embryos. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 20/8/03.

(S.A.M., No. A4070.)

Although not remarked upon in my original description, this species

bears an extraordinary resemblance to Arcturus myops Beddard (1886,

Challeng. Rep. vol. 17, p. 100, pl. 22, figs. 5-8, pl. 25, fig. 8) from 700

fathoms off New Zealand. The two species agree in having only low

rounded elevations, unpigmented and unfacetted, in place of eyes and

in the sculpturing, but are easily distinguished by the shape of the

telson.

Famiry STENETRIIDAE.

1905. Stenetriidae Hansen, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1904, vol. 2, pt. 2,

p- ols.

Gren. STENETRIUM Haswell.

1881. Stenetrium Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol. 5, p. 478.

1905. rf Hansen, Lc. pp. 303, 316.

1906. Ps Nobili, Mem: Ac. R. Torino, ser. 2, vol. 57, p. 414.

1914. . Barnard, Ann. 8.A. Mus. vol. 10, pt. 7, p. 217.

1914. 4 Vanhoffen, D. Siidpolar Exp. vol. 15, pt. 4, p. 546.

Up to the present time only one species of this genus has been

known from South Africa—S. crassimanus Brnrd. Four additional

species are described below, so that the genus is now as well represented

in South Africa as in the West Indies.

Moreover, in examining these latter species, I have become aware

of a character which is common to all five species, although I had

overlooked its presence in crassimanus—namely, a median longitudinal

ventral keel on all the peraeon segments in both sexes. There is no

mention of such a keel in the descriptions of any of the other species,

but it would be scarcely correct to presume its absence, for it may not

have been considered important enough for the diagnosis of the species.

In the South African species, however, there are slight differences

which are enough to separate the species without referring to other

characters.

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 399

The four species here described are named after four Portuguese

navigators famous in early Cape history.

STENETRIUM DAGAMA 0. sp.

(Plate XVI. Figs. 28 and 29.)

Body with a few long scattered hairs, chiefly on the lateral portions.

Antero-lateral angles of head acute, not incurved, rostrum broader

than long, antero-lateral angles rounded-quadrate, anterior margin

straight. Eyes narrow oblong, curved.

First peraeon segment scarcely longer than second, its antero-lateral

angles fairly prominently produced, acute. Ventral keel raised into

a rather high process on segments 1-4, acute on Ist, rounded on 2-4,

keel not so high on segments 5-7, the posterior angles acute, denti-

form. The anterior processes are not so strong in the female, but

otherwise the keel is similar.

Pleon about as broad as long, lateral margin with only one tooth,

distal margin obscurely trilobed, the median lobe more prominent,

subacute.

First antenna, Ist joint largest, 2nd shorter than 5rd, flagellum

composed of ca. 15 joints indistinctly separated.

Second antenna, outer apex of Ist joint acute, but not produced or

dentiform, with 2-3 setae, 3rd joint longer than Ist plus 2nd, scale

broadly ovate, apically setose, 4th very short, 6th a trifle longer than

5th, flagellum longer than peduncle, with many indistinctly separated

joints.

Mouth-parts as described for crassimanus ; upper lip distally feebly

emarginate, spine-row with 8 serrate spines in left mandible, ca. 18 in

right, 2nd joint of maxilliped not so long, 6th less abruptly narrower

than 5th, epipod reaching to middle of 5th, inner plate with 5 coupling.

hooks.

First peraeopod 3, all joints densely clothed with long setae, 3rd

and 4th joints strongly produced anteriorly, the apices, however, not

very acute, 5th not produced, 6th subtriangular, greatest width equal

to length; hind margins scarcely more than 7 length of palm, which

is crenulate, with 2 more distinct teeth near the hinge and a fringe of

regularly spaced spinules ; a large stout spine on the rounded defining

similar but smaller.

Second to seventh peraeopods as in crassimanus.

First pleopod ¢, peduncle with 2-3 setae at base of each ramus,

rami narrow, thrice as long as broad, with marginal setae only and

400 Annals of the South African Museum.

without the parallel sculpturing found in the other species. Operculum

in 2 tapering to a bifid apex. The other pleopods as in crassimanus.

Uropod, outer ramus a trifle shorter than inner, both rami with long

simple setae.

Length: 75 mm.; breadth: 2:25 mm.

Colour: In spirit yellowish-white, eyes brownish.

Locality: Vasco da Gama Peak N. 71° E., distant 18 miles (off

Cape Point). 230 fathoms. 44 ¢,6 2 2 (with ova and embryos)

among the outer spicules of an Hexactinellid sponge (Pheronema) ;

Table Mountain 8. by E. ? E., distant 58 miles. 190 fathoms. 2 ¢ 3

amongst siliceous sponges. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 4/5/00 and 3/4/02.

(S.A.M. Nos. A2855 and A4075.)

In the key given by Hansen (1.c, p. 816) this species comes under

B.a.8.; the form of the first peraeopod is somewhat similar to that of

siamense Hansen, but the absence of lateral projections of the head in

this latter species offers a ready mark of distinction.

STENETRIUM DALMEIDA D0. Sp.

Body nearly smooth, glabrous except for a few isolated setae on the

pleon and the antero-lateral angles of the peraeon segments. Head —

with the antero-lateral angles acutely produced, not incurved, rostrum

broader than long, antero-lateral angles quadrate, anterior margin

straight. Eyes narrow oblong, curved.

Peraeon segments 1-4 subequal, each with a shallow transverse

groove across the middle, antero-lateral angles of 1-3 acutely produced,

of 4 quadrate. Ventral keel obsolete on all the segments except 3 and

4, where it forms a blunt process, and on 7, where it forms a backwardly

directed spine on the posterior margin.

Pleon very little longer than broad, lateral margin with only one

tooth, distal margin arcuate with a fairly prominent acute median lobe.

Antenna 1, 1st joint largest, 2nd shortest, 3rd a little longer than

2nd but more slender, flagellum of 12 joints.

Antenna 2, Ist jot acutely but not strongly produced on outer

apex, scale on 3rd ovate, apically setose, 6th a little longer than 5th,

flagellum longer than peduncle, multiarticulate.

Mouth-parts normal.

Peraeopod 1 in @, 5rd and 4th joints strongly and very acutely

produced on outer apex, 5th not produced, 6th sub-triangular, a little

broader than long, palm a little oblique with one strong acute tooth

in the centre and another near the hinge (both teeth lacking in the

smaller ¢, 5 mm. long), one small spine on the defining angle, finger

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 401

matching palm, lower margin of 5th and 6th moderately setose ; the

right limb in the largest specimen is smaller and less developed than

the left one, having been perhaps regenerated. In 92 drd and 4th

joints apically produced, 5th not produced, 6th longer than broad,

palm transverse, shorter than hind margin, setose, defining angle a

right angle but rounded, with one strong spine, finger matching palm,

spinulose.

Pleopod 1, peduncle without setae, outer margins of the rami evenly

convex, length of the rami a little more than twice as long as wide, with

surface sculpturing but only marginal setae.

Operculum in ° tapering to a subacute entire apex.

Uropods lost.

Length: 75 mm.; breadth: 2 mm.

Colour: In spirit pinkish, eyes dark red.

Locality: Lion’s Head SE. ¢ E., distant 50 miles (off Cape Penin-

sula). 250fathoms. 2 ¢ 6; Cape Point NE. ¢ N., distant 18 miles.

135 fathoms. 1 nonovigerous Q@. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 2/4/02 and

27/2/02. (S.A.M. Nos. A4013 and A4121.)

This species is superficially very close to S. dagama, but is distin-

euished by the difference in the ventral keels, the Ist joint of antenna

2, armature of the palm of peraeopod 1, the absence of the dense

covering of setae and the very acute apices of the 3rd and 4th joints

of the same peraeopod. The Ist peraeopod in the Q is also quite

different in the two species, on the presumption that the limb in

the single 2 specimen of the present species has reached its full

development.

STENETRIUM DIAZI 0. sp.

(Plate XVI. Figs. 80-32.

Body with a few long scattered setae, chiefly on the lateral portions.

Antero-lateral angles of head acute, not incurved, teeth forming the

inner angles of the sockets for the second antennae somewhat blunt,

rostrum broader than long, antero-lateral angles subacute, anterior

margin slightly concave. Eyes reniform.

First peraeon segment longer than 2nd, the antero-lateral angles

produced forwards to the level of the eyes, acute. Keel on segments

1-4 low, rounded, in each segment surmounted by a small acute

denticle, keel on segments 5-7 with the posterior angles in each

segment acutely produced.

Pleon about as broad as long, lateral margin with a single tooth,

distal margin obscurely trilobed (as in occidentale Hansen).

4.02 Annals of the South African Museum.

First antenna, Ist joint largest, 2nd and 38rd subequal, each equal

to 5 the Ist, flagellum with 10 indistinctly separated joints.

Second antenna, Ist joint acutely produced to end of 2nd, apex with

a denticle and 4 setae, 3rd rather longer than Ist plus 2nd, scale of

equal width throughout, 4th very short, 6th a trifle longer than 5th,

flagellum longer than peduncle, with many joints.

Mouth-parts as in crassimanus; upper lip distally feebly emarginate,

Spine-row with 6 spines in left mandible, 14 in right, 6th joint of

maxilliped less abruptly narrower than Sth, inner plate with 6 coupling-

hooks.

First peraeopod ¢ elongate, 2nd joint longer than 3rd—5th together,

anterior margin with a strong laminar tooth at base in the adult, 3rd

anteriorly produced to middle of 4th, 4th likewise produced nearly to

end of 5th, 5th not produced, 6th as long as 2nd, oblong, widening

very slightly distally, inferior margin slightly sinuous, palm short,

transverse, with 2 strong, closely apposed, apically blunt teeth, a

smaller tooth near the hinge, defining tooth very strong, apically sub-

acute, palm and hind margin laminar and thinner than rest of joint,

as In crassimanus, finger projecting beyond defining tooth, inner margin

with a few simple spinules, outer margin setose, inferior margins of

Ath-6th joints densely setose.

First peraeopod 2 shorter, 2nd joint without basal tooth, 3rd—5th

joints as in male, 6th not longer than 3rd plus 4th, oblong, widening

distally, width % length, inferior margin straight, palm slightly convex,

transverse, nearly as long as inferior margin, with one small tooth in

middle, and a series of spinules, defining angle rounded, with one

strong spine, finger matching palm, inner margin with serrate spinules,

inferior margins of 4th—6th joints densely setose.

Second to seventh peraeopods as in crassimanus.

First pleopod g, peduncle with one pair of small setae, rami broader

than in crassimanus, widening for 3 length, then strongly contracting,

outer margin thus angular, with surface sculpturing but with marginal

setae only. Operculum in 9 tapering to a bifid apex.

Rest of the pleopods normal.

Uropod, outer ramus shorter than inner, both with long simple

setae.

Length: 6 6mm., 2 5mm.; breadth: 615 mm., ? 1:25 mm.

Colour : Creamy-white, eyes black.

Locality: Buffel’s Bay (False Bay). 1/3/15. (K.H.B.) 2224,

3 2? 2 (1 ovigerous), 4 juv. (S.A.M. No. A8309.)

This species comes under A.a. in Hansen’s key and is most closely

allied to crassimanus Brunrd.

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 493

STENETRIUM SALDANHA 0. Sp.

(Plate XVI. Figs 33 and 54.)

Body with a very few setae on the lateral portions only. <A low,

broad, rounded dorsal ridge runs throughout the peraeon and pleon,

most noticeable on the latter but nowhere prominent. Antero-lateral

angles of head prominent, acute, not incurved, teeth forming the inner

angles of the sockets of the 2nd antenna prominent, acute ; rostrum

very prominent, longer than broad, tapering to an acute point in ¢,

subacute in 9. Eyes reniform. First segment of peraeon scarcely

longer than 2nd, antero-lateral angles fairly prominently produced,

acute. Keel on segments 1-4 rather high, with the anterior angles

dentiform and subacute, posterior apices of keel on segments 5—7 acute,

dentiform, that on segment 7 being very prominent, curved backwards,

spiniform.

Pleon distinctly longer than broad, lateral margin with a single

tooth, distal margin obscurely trilobed.

First antenna, Ist joint largest, 2nd and 3rd subequal, flagellum of

12 indistinctly separated joints.

Second antenna, outer apex of Ist joint acute, but not produced or

dentiform, 3rd equal to Ist plus 2nd, scale obovate, apically setose,

distal peduncular joints and flagellum lost in both specimens.

Mouth-parts as in crassimanus ; upper lip distally feebly emarginate,

spine-row with 6 spines in left mandible, 12 in right, maxilliped with

6th joint half width of 5th, inner plate with 5 coupling-hooks, epipod

reaching to end of 5th joint.

First peraeopod ¢ stout, 2nd joint subequal to 5rd—5th together,

srd and 4th acutely produced but not strongly anteriorly, 5th not

produced, 6th only a little longer than greatest width, which is across

the nearly transverse palm, palm a little shorter than hind margin,

straight, with one pointed denticle in middle and a series of stout

serrulate spines, the rounded defining angle with one long stout

serrulate spine, finger matching palm, inner margin with serrulate

spines, 4th—6th joints moderately setose, inferior margin of 6th rather

densely setose. In 2? similar but smaller and weaker, palm without a

denticle.

Second to seventh peraeopods as in crassimanus.

First pleopod ¢ intermediate between that of crassimanus and that

of diazi, outer margin moderately angular, with surface sculpturing

and marginal setae only. Operculum in ? tapering to a bifid apex.

Rest of the pleopods as in crassimanus.

Uropods lost in both specimens.

4.04, Annals of the South African Musewin.

Length: 86 mm., 95 mm.; breadth: 61:75 mm., 2 15 mm.

Colour: In spirit whitish, eyes reddish.

Locality: Cape St. Blaize N. by E., distant 73 miles. 125 fathoms.

1 fg and 1 nonovigerous ?; Cape Point NE. + N., distant 18 miles.

135 fathoms. 19. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 21/12/99. (S.A.M. Nos.

A3826 and A4120.)

This species also comes under B.a.f. in Hansen’s key, and as regards

the first peraeopod might form a separate group with dagama. The

shape of the rostrum, however, is so different from that of any other

species in the genus, excepting crassimanus, and, to a lesser degree,

chiltoni Stebb., that it stands quite apart.

STrENETRIUM CRASSIMANUS Brnrd.

1914. Stenetriwm crassimanus Barnard, Ann. S.A. Mus. vol. 10, pt. 7,

p- 217, pl. 20a.

The ventral keel on the peraeon is slighter than in the 3 species

just described. In segments 1 and 2 in it is raised into a spiniform

forwardly directed process, in Q only feebly raised, in segments 5—7 the

posterior apices are feebly dentiform in both sexes.

The inner plate of the maxilliped was originally stated to have only

3 coupling-hooks; on re-examination of the mounted specimen, how-

ever, I find there are 5.

Famity JAKERIDAE.

1910. Jaeridae Stebbing, J. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. 31, p. 224 (references ).

Gen. JANIRA Leach.

1814. Janira Leach, Edinb. Encyl. vol. 7, p. 454.

1914. » Barnard, Ann. §.A. Mus. vol. 10, pt. 7, p. 219 (refer-

ences), and pt. 11, p. 436.

JANIRA ANGUSTA DN. Sp.

(Plate XVII. Figs. 1-3.)

Male.—Body dorsally smooth, margins with several stiff, moderately

long setae, becoming more numerous on the pleon. Head about as

broad as long, antero-lateral angles subquadrate, lateral margins entire,

anterior margin slightly sinuous with a minute median point. Eyes

rather small, ovate, set within the lateral margins, facets few in number.

Peraeon segment | longest, antero-lateral angles acute, 2nd segment

similar but with the antero-lateral angles not so much produced and

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 405

less acute, 5rd and 4th with antero-lateral angles rounded. Posterior

3 segments well distinguished from the anterior ones, the 7th

longest, the postero-lateral angles rounded.

Pleon longer than 7th peraeon segment, longer than broad, oval,

slightly tapering distally, lateral margins entire.

Antenna 1 reaching nearly to end of 4th joint of antenna 2, Ist

joint largest, 2nd and 8rd together equal to Ist, but not so stout,

flagellum 4-jointed, not distinguishable from peduncle.

Antenna 2, 3rd joint with distinct scale, 4th—6th joints subequal,

6th indistinguishable from flagellum, which consists of ca. 18 indis-

tinctly separated joints and is equal to 4th—6th peduncular joints

together.

Upper lip rather long, apically rounded.

Lower lip with rather broad lobes, inner apical angles setulose.

Mandibles, cutting-edge 4-dentate, secondary cutting-edge not

visible, spine-row apparently absent in left, in right with ca. 8 spines,

palp with the 5 joints subequal, 3rd curved and spinulose along inner

margin.

Maxillae 1 and 2 as in J. capensis Brurd.

Maxilliped, 2nd joint twice as long as broad, 4th and 5th broad,

6th and 7th much narrower than 5th, inner plate with two coupling-

hooks, epipod reaching to end of 4th joint, narrow-lanceolate, outer

margin angular.

Peraeopod 1 stout, 2nd joint flask-shaped, 4th shorter than 35rd, 5th

oval, enlarged, palm and hind margin subequal, defining angle obtuse

and blunt, palm with 6 stout spines, 6th (finger) equal to palm,

stout, Inner margin straight, unarmed, 7th short, biunguiculate.

Peraeopods 2-7 similar to one another, normal (as in J. maculosa

Leech, but rather stouter than in Sars’ figures in Crust. Norw. vol. 2,

pl. 40), triunguiculate.

Pleopod i, peduncle narrowing rapidly from base, thence divided

into two divergent branches as long as basal portion, rounded and

setose apically. There is no distinction between the basal and distal

portions and no suture to indicate the limits of peduncle and ramus

(if present).

Pleopod 2 ovate, apically subacute, ramus arising near apex, penial

filament longer than peduncle.

Rami of the other pleopods narrow.

Uropod equal to the greatest width of the pleon, outer ramus shorter

and narrower than inner, apically acute, inner ramus apically rounded.

Length: 3 mm.; breadth: *5 mm.

Colour : White, eyes black.

406 Annals of the South African Museum.

Locality: Buffel’s Bay (False Bay). 1/38/15. (K.H.B.) 1 ¢. Low-

tide. (S.A.M. No. A3372.)

The chief peculiarities of this species are in the 1st pleopods and the

lst peraeopods, the latter bearing at first sight a strong likeness to the

enathopod of an Amphipod.

Gey. HAPLONISCUS Rich.

1908. Haploniseus Richardson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 35 [1909],

Dito.

1914. 5 Vanhotfen, Deutsch. Siidpol. Exp. xv, 4, p. 557.

1916. - Hansen, Dan Ingolf Exp. in, 5, p. 28.

This genus was instituted to receive a species from the Arctic

ocean described by Sars as Nannoniscus bicuspis but which differed

in several respects from the type-species, N. oblongus. At the same

time Miss Richardson added two new species from deep water off the

Atlantic coast of N. America.

There is one interesting feature in this genus which has not been

commented upon by either Sars or Miss Richardson, namely, the

structure of the telson. The lateral portions of the ventral surface

have grown over and completely fused, if one may so express it, so as

to form a chamber containing the 3rd—5th pleopods.

This chamber in the species described below is spacious owing to the

high vaulting of the ventral surface; in the other species it is 1mpos-

sible to tell from the figures whether this surface is vaulted or not.

A somewhat similar chamber, containing the 2 pairs of mavxillae

and the mandibles, is formed by the sides of the head and closed in by

the maxillipeds with their epipods, leaving a small aperture in front

through which the food can enter.

The structure of the telson and probably also of the “ buceal ”

chamber may be interpreted as an adaptation to habitat. All the species

of the genus live at great depths, and although the nature of the bottom

is not recorded in the case of the previously known species, it may

be assumed to be a fine mud as in the case of the present species.

Contrary to expectation there are no plumose straining setae round

the edges of the operculum. There are a few widely spaced simple

setae on the outer margin of pleopod 2 in ¢, and on the operculum

in 2. The anal opening is quite separate from the branchial chamber.

HAPLONISCUS DIMEROCERAS 0. sp.

(Plate XVII. Figs. 4-7.)

Body nearly parallel-sided, whole of the dorsal and sternal surfaces

minutely and closely pitted. Head about twice as broad as long,

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 407

anterior margin nearly straight, with a slight median point, side

margins straight or very slightly emarginate in ¢, with the antero-

lateral angles rounded but prominent, in Q gently convex without

prominent antero-lateral angles.

Peraeon segments 1-4 short but gradually increasing in length,

antero- and postero-lateral angles of the side plates rounded-quadrate ;

segment 5 equal to 4 in length, segments 6 and 7 decreasing in length,

antero-lateral angles of side-plates on 5 rounded-quadrate, on 6 and 7

rounded, postero-lateral angles on all three segments acute.

Pleon a little narrower at base than peraeon segment 7, about as

long as broad in 3a little shorter in 9, narrowing very slightly pos-

teriorly; side margins concave and sinuousin @, slightly convex in 9,

apex rounded, postero-lateral angles strongly acute and produced in

¢, nearly equal to } length of telson, in 2 acutely produced but very

little beyond the rounded apex. Upper surface in both sexes with 2

minute submedian tubercles in the middle.

The ventral surface of peraeon segments 1-4 in ¢ is moderately

convex, of segments 5-7 and of the pleon strongly vaulted; in the ?

the pleon is vaulted but all the peraeon segments are concave so as to

accommodate the developing embryos.

Antenna 1, Ist joint stout, ovate, 2nd as long as Ist but very

slender, more so in ¢ than ?, 3rd iin g, in 9? } length of 2nd and

equally slender, flagellum slender, nearly as long as peduncle, composed

of 5 nearly equal joints in g, in 2 of 1 stout and 2 long joints, the

apical joint setose.

Antenna 2, peduncle stout, longer and stouter in ¢ than ?, 3rd

joint longer than Ist plus 2nd, with a stout spiniform upstanding

dorsal projection at base, 4th short, 5th longer than 4th but shorter than

3rd, 6th equal to 3rd and ending in a narrow subacute point, the

suture between 5th and 6th clear but the joints not freely moveable on

one another, flagellum inserted before the apex of 6th, extremely slender,

not quite as long as 5th plus 6th peduncular joints, composed of 8

setiferous joints.

Mouth-parts as figured by Sars for H. bicuspis (Norweg. N. Atlant.

Exp. 14, p. 122, pl. 10, 1885), only the mandibular palp a little more

slender.

Epistome prominent, triangular, the projecting anterior subacute

apex visible from above.

Peraeopods as in H. bicuspis, similar to one another, but becoming

longer and more slender posteriorly.

Three pairs of marsupial plates attached to segments 2-4, large,

without marginal setae.

408 Annals of the South African Museum.

Pleopod 1 in ¢, the two peduncles closely united throughout their

length but with a distinct suture, rami distinct, slightly diverging,

apically rounded, a small tooth on outer margin.

Operculum in 9 broader than long, evenly rounded, margin sparsely

setose, surface scabrous.

Pleopod 2 in ¢, peduncle ovate, tapering to a subacute apex,

inner margin nearly straight, minutely serrulate distally, inner ramus

(stylet) geniculate, Ist joint short, 2nd reaching to apex of peduncle,

swelling out in middle, apically blunt.

The other pleopods as figured for H. bicuspis.

Uropod uniarticulate, setose.

Length: 25 mm.; breadth: 1 mm.

Colour: In spirit chalky white.

Locality: Cape Point, N. 89° E., distant 36 miles. 700 fathoms.

Bottom green mud. Several ¢ ¢ and ovigerous 9 2. s.s. “ Pieter

Faure.” 20/8/03. (S.A.M. No. A4069.)

The specific name referring to the marked difference between the

peduncle and flagellum of antenna 2, sharply distinguished from all

the other species by antenna 2.

In this species the degree to which the postero-lateral angles of

the pleon are produced differs in.the two sexes, the 2 resembling

H. bicuspis (of which only the 2 is known), the ¢ resembling

H. retrospinis. Of the latter both sexes are known but there is no

sexual difference.

Famity MUNNIDAH.

1882. Munnidae Sars, Vidensk. Forhl. Christ. No. 18, p. 17.

1897. a G. O. Sars, Crust. Norw. vol. 2, p. 105.

1905. 53 Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 54, p. 479.

Gen. PARAMUNNA Sars.

1866. Paramunna G. O. Sars, Beretn. Zool. Reise ved. Kyst. Christ.

Deol:

1897. 7 id. Lc.svol: 2Z)ep, We

ISM OE Stebbing, Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 435.

Stebbing in 1910 described P. laevifrons from South Africa, thereby

reducing the character of the bilobed head, which Sars regarded as

of generic value, to specific value. Tattersall had in 1905 (Fish. Irel.

Sci. Inv. 1904, 2, p. 18) instituted the genus Metamunna to include

a form also without frontal lobes, but which possessed certain features

akin to Plewrogonium Sars. As he did not dissect out the mandibles

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 409

it is uncertain whether Metamunna should be regarded as closer to

Paramunna or Pleurogonium. One cannot help feeling that Metamunna

has a very short 3-jointed palp, and is not really distinct from

Paramunna. The serrate pleon is very like that of P. bilobata Sars,

whereas both /aevifrons and the following species have an entire

margined pleon.

PARAMUNNA CONCAVIFRONS DN. Sp.

(Plate XVII. Figs. 8, 9.)

Head broadly produced in front, anterior margin concave. Eyes

situate on the pedunculate lateral portions, rather small. Peraeon

oval, gradually decreasing in width posteriorly, the lateral portions

of all the segments rounded. Pleon oval, lateral margins entire, apex

shallowly bifid.

Antenna 1 6-jointed, the 3rd peduncular joint scarcely distinguish-

able from the flagellar joints.

Antenna 2, 5rd joint subequal to 5th, 4th small, 5th and 6th

elongate, 6th a little longer than 5th, flagellum 10-jointed.

Upper lip rounded distally.

Mandibles, molar prominent, palp very small, 3-jointed.

Maxilla 1, inner plate with 2 setae.

Peraeopod 1 stout, inner apex of 5th joint blunt but prominent,

setose, 6th ovate, finger not overlapping apex of 5th, with a prominent

accessory unguis.

The other peraeopods fairly slender, 6th joint longest, finger

biunguiculate.

Operculum of 2 pear-shaped, apex truncate.

The pleopods and uropods were not satisfactorily dissected out.

Length: 1-15 mm.; breadth: g ‘5 mm., 2? :75 mm.

Colour: White with peraeon segments 1-4 greyish-brown, eyes

black.

Locality: Mouille Point near Cape Town, November, 1913. 1 juv.,

and 26/2/14, 1 g, 1 ovigerous 9, 1 juv. (K.H.B.); Durban. July,

1915, | nonovigerous 2. (H.W. Bell-Marley.) (S.A.M. Nos. A3080,

A3090 and A3838.)

Gren. KUPHOMUNNA Brnrd.

1914. Kuphomunna Barnard, Ann. 8. A. Mus. vol. 10, pt. 11, p. 438.

KUPHOMUNNA ROSTRATA Brnrd.

1914. Kuphomunna rostrata Barnard, lc. p. 438, pl. 38 (2).

410 Annals of the South African Museum.

Since the first description of this spedies, based on a single ¢ much

overgrown with extraneous matter, further specimens have come to

light, including the 9.

Male.—The front margin of the head is really more produced

than in the original figure. The rostrate process appears to be the

epistome.

Female.—Head of the same shape as in g. The epistome not

nearly so produced as in @, but projecting slightly beyond the front

margin of head, simply rounded.

Peraeon segment 1 not enlarged as in @, in fact, scarcely as long

as segment 2.

Mouth-parts as in @. The absence of the mandibular palp was

omitted in the diagnosis of the genus.

Peraeopod 1 less stout than in the ¢@, 4th joint not apically

produced, 5th not much broader than base of 6th, without spines.

Operculum longer than broad, somewhat pyriform, apex truncate.

The other peraeopods, the pleopods and uropods as in @.

Length: 9 1:75 mm.; breadth: 1 mm.

Colour: White, mottled dorsally with grey.

Locality : Buffel’s Bay (False Bay). 28/9/18 and 1/3/15. (K.H.B.)

1 g, 5 ovigerous 9 9? and 1 juv. ?. (S.A.M. Nos. A2543 and

A8308.)

Famity DESMOSOMIDAE.

1893. Munnopsidae (part) Stebbing, Hist. Crust. p. 383.

1897

897. Desmosomidae Sars, Crust. Norw. vol. 2, p. 118.

1908. 53 Richardson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 35 [1909],

pool:

1911. : id. Bull. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Paris, 1911, No. 7,

p. 530.

Gen. ? HUGERDA Mein.

1890. Eugerda Meinert, Crust. Malacostr. Cruise of the ‘ Hauch,”

p. 194.

1897. &, Sars, l.c. pp. 127, 252.

Two mutilated specimens are in the collection, but as they both

lack the Ist peraeopods and the uropods it is impossible to ascertain

with certainty whether they should be assigned to this genus or to

Desmosoma Sars. From the character of the Ist peraeon segment

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 411

I have decided to place them in this genus but not to assign any

specific name, merely giving the following brief description.

Head large, ovoid, not much produced in front. Peraeon segment 1

narrower than head and very short; segments 2 and 3 longer and

about as wide as head; segment 4a little narrower, posterior margin

strongly convex, i.e. the postero-lateral angles are absent; segments

5 and 6 much narrower than 4, longer than broad, oblong; segment 7

apparently very short and appearing more like a short Ist pleon

segment, but it is exactly im this region that the specimens are most

mutilated. Side-plates on segments 1-4 acutely but shortly produced.

Pleon ovate, apex broadly rounded. Antenna 1, Ist joint oblong,

rest of antenna consisting of 4 slender joints, the proximal one

inserted apically into Ist. Epipod of maxilliped narrow-lanceolate,

apex acute, sides nearly straight. Pleopod 1 in g, peduncle not

tapering, lateral margin slightly emarginate, apex subacute, ramus

distinct, inserted obliquely, apex truncate and setulose. Operculum

in ¢ oval, longer than broad. Pleopod 2 in g, peduncle nearly

semicircular, apex acute, stylet reaching to apex, distal half very

slender.

Length: 3°25 mm.; breadth: *75 mm.

Colour : In spirit whitish.

Locality: Cape Point N. 89° E., distant 36 miles. 700 fathoms.

1¢,19. ss. “Pieter Faure.” 20/8/08. (S.A.M. No. A4067.)

Gen. MACROSTYLIS Sars.

1864. Macrostylis G. O. Sars, Vidensk. Selsk. Forhl. Christ. 1863.

1886. . Beddard, Challeng. Rep. vol. 17, p. 173.

1890. Vana Meinert, Crust. Malacostr. Cruise of the “ Hauch,” vol. 3,

p- 195.

1897. Macrostylis Sars, Crust. Norw. vol. 2, pp. 120, 250.

1916. 55 Hansen, Dan. Ingolf Exp. iii, 5, p. 75.

MAcROSTYLIS SPINICEPS, 0. Sp.

(Plate XVII. Figs. 10-12.)

Male.—Body smooth, glabrous. Head broader than long, anterior

margin not greatly produced, straight, postero-lateral angles acutely

produced. Peraeon segments | and 2 subequal, postero-lateral angles

of 1 acute, of 2 subacute; segment 3 longer, especially at the sides,

postero-lateral angles acutely produced ; segments 4—7 sharply marked

off from the anterior segments, gradually decreasing in width, 4 shortest,

5 and 6 subequal, postero-lateral angles of each produced into acute

412 Annals of the South African Museum.

spiniform processes. All the segments with a medio-ventral, straight,

spiniform process.

Pleon a little longer than broad, lateral margins convex proximally,

concave distally, with a few minute setules, postero-lateral angles

quadrate, distal margin very slightly produced.

Antenna 1 rather more developed than usual in the genus, stout,

the 3 peduncular joints not differing greatly in size, flagellum 2-jointed,

lst shorter, 2nd longer than any of the peduncular joints, both joints

with apical tufts of long filamentous sensory setae.

Antenna 2, first 3 joints short, 4th long and slender, 5th a little

shorter than 4th, flagellum very slender, a little longer than 4th joint,

ca. 10-jointed.

Mouth-parts normal, as figured by Sars for M. spinifera. (Crust.

Norw. vol. 2, pl. 51.)

Peraeopod 1 as in spinifera, but 5th joimt subequal to 3rd and 7th

only half length of 6th.

Peraeopod 2 as in spinifera, but 3rd and 4th joimts with setae on

lower apices, 5th slender and equal to 3rd.

Peraeopod 3 similar to that of M. longiremis (Mein.) (Sars, Le.

Suppl. pl. 2), but 5th joint narrower in proportion to width of 4th, the

armature of the joints the same.

Peraeopod 4 as in longiremis but 5th joint relatively narrower.

Peraeopods 5 and 6 as in spinifera.

Peraeopod 7 as in spinifera but 5th jomt 5 as long again as 2nd,

6th + as long again as 2nd, 7th plus unguis } length of 6th.

Pleopod 1 in g, peduncles indurated, narrow, tapering slightly to

subacute apices, rami narrow, projecting beyond apices of peduncles,

slightly expanding, apices rounded and setulose.

Pleopod 2 in ¢, peduncle indurated, narrow, slightly curved, the

inner margin being concave, outer margin distally serrulate, with a

plumose seta arising from each notch, stylet reaching to, but not

beyond, apex of peduncle, basal joint stout, 2nd joint proximally

stout then narrowing rapidly to a fine point, outer ramus apparently

absent.

Uropods lost.

Length: 3mm.; breadth: 75 mm.

Colour : In spirit chalky white.

Locality: Cape Point N. 89° E., distant 36 miles. 700 fathoms.

14. ss. “Pieter Faure.” 20/8/08. (S.A.M. No. A4132.)

This species is easily distinguished from the other three species

of the genus by the spinous processes of the head and the greater

development of the Ist antennae.

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 413

Gen. RHABDOMESUS Rich.

1886. Ischnosoma (part) Beddard, Challeng. Rep. vol. 17, p. 39.

1908. Rhabdomesus Richardson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 35 [1909],

piel:

Vanhoffen, Deutsche Stidpol. Exp. vol. 15, pt. 4,

p- 960.

1914.

The ‘‘ Challenger” obtained two species of this interesting genus

in the Southern oceans: R. bacillus (Bedd.) from 1800 fathoms off

Melbourne and RB. bacilloides (Bedd.) from 1450 fathoms off Valparaiso.

There was only one specimen of each species and both were fragmentary.

Great interest therefore attaches to the two specimens in the “ Pieter

Faure” Collection, not only because they are from a new locality but

mainly because they are complete except for the long and extremely

slender peraeopods and 2nd antennae. A description of the mouth-

parts can therefore be given and Beddard’s. description of the pleopods

confirmed.

The only example since obtained is R. inermis, taken by the “ Gauss ”

in the Antarctic Ocean.

RHABDOMESUS BACILLOPSIS Nn. Sp.

(Plate XVII. Fig. 13.)

Male.—Body very elongate, glabrous. Head broader than long,

somewhat immersed in the Ist peraeon segment, anterior margin

slightly convex. Peraeon segment 1 shorter than 2, its lateral parts

directed forwards and embracing the base of the head. Segments 2 and

3 subequal, the lateral portions prominent and rounded. Segment 4

anteriorly similar to 3, the posterior portion much narrowed, elongate,

cylindrical, the whole segment a little longer than segments 1-8

together. Segment 5 longer than 4, anteriorly narrow and cylindrical,

posteriorly widening, the lateral portions directed backwards. Segments

6 and 7 subequal, a little shorter than 2 or 3. All the segments,

including 7, bear on the lateral portion a strong spiniform projection

which is curved forwards on the anterior 4 segments, backwards on

the 3 posterior ones.

Pleon segment 1 very short and narrower than segment 2, which is

shield-like, ovate, apically rounded.

Antenna 1 reaching back to 3rd peraeon segment, basal joint some-

what triangular, followed by one very slender, elongate and strongly

indurated joint, flagellum still more slender, shorter than the preceding

long joint, 4-jointed, ending in 2 long unequal setae.

Antenna 2 broken off at the 3rd joint in both specimens.

414 Annals of the South African Museum.

Mandible, cutting-edge 4-dentate, secondary cutting-edge bidentate,

spine-row with 6 spines, molar prominent, palp absent.

Lower lip with the lobes ovate, somewhat incurved, apices rounded,

with a tuft of setae.

Maxillae I and 2 normal.

Maxilliped, 2nd joint longest, 3rd rather narrow, 4th and 5th broader

than 3rd, 6th much narrower than 5th, not strongly lobed internally,

7th narrower than 6th, inner plate with 2 coupling-hooks; epipod

reaching to base of 5th, ovate, apex subacute, outer margin straight,

angular near the base.

Peraeopods all broken off at the 2nd joint in both specimens; the

2nd joint of all the peraeopods is elongate and very slender.

Pleopod 1 in @ strongly indurated, very similar to Beddard’s

figure of that of bacilloides, but apices of peduncles and rami not

prominent.

Pleopod 2 in g as in Beddard’s figure of that of bacilloides, but the

stylet apically not tapering so gradually, more abruptly acute.

Uropod 2-jointed, Ist joint short, 2nd a little more than twice length

of Ist, tipped with 2 setae.

Length: 7 mm.; breadth across broadest part: °75 mm.; across

narrow part: °25 mm.

Colour: In spirit porcelain white.

Locality: Cape Point N. 89° E., distant 36 miles. 700 fathoms.

Bottom green mud. 24. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 20/8/03. (S.A.M.

No. A4066.)

ILYCHTHONOS n. g.

Body moderately elongate. Head nearly globular, not excavate for

the insertion of the antennae. Peraeon segment 1 not very short, not

embracing the head; segments 4 and 5 not elongate, not much

narrower than 3. Pleon consisting of one segment only. Antenna 1

short. Only the basal joints of antenna 2 known. Mouth-parts

normal; mandibular palp reduced and feeble, 3rd joint minute,

unarmed, molar well developed; 6th joint of maxilliped not lobed

internally. Peraeopods 1-4 slender, increasing length, 5th joint in

peraeopods 3 and 4 elongate; peraeopods 5-7 a little stouter,

moderately spinose. First pleopods in ¢ with peduncles fused

basally, rami indistinct. Operculum in @ ovate, keeled, apically

cleft. Pleopod 2 in g with stylet rather stout, reaching a little

beyond apex of peduncle. Uropod uniramous.

This genus is near to the typical genus Desmosoma, but differs in

having a well-developed molar but a reduced palp on the mandible.

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 415

The apically-cleft operculum in the 2 is unique, also the fused basal

portions of the Ist pleopods in @.

Perhaps congeneric with Syneurycope Hansen, 1916.

ILYCHTHONOS CAPENSIS N. sp.

(Plate XVII. Figs. 14-16.)

Body smooth, glabrous. Head strongly convex in profile, in dorsal

view nearly circular, a little broader than long, lateral portions not

developed, frontal margin not produced but declivous between the

bases of Ist antennae. Peraeon segment | a little broader than head,

a little more than twice as broad as long, not embracing head ;

segment 2 a little longer and wider, not twice as broad as long;

segments 3 and 4 subequal, posterior margins shorter than anterior

margins ; antero-lateral angles of all 4 anterior segments rounded ;

segments 5-7 together not nearly as long as the 4 anterior ones

together, segment 5 longer at the sides than dorsally, 6 of equal

length throughout, 7 longer dorsally than at the sides, its posterior

margin straight. Side-plates on segments 1—4 not very distinct.

Pleon of a single segment, at least without visible suture between

the short basal and the longer distal portions, the latter broad proxi-

mally, contracting suddenly to a much narrower distal part which is

apically subacute.

Antenna 1, Ist joint moderately stout, conical, 2nd inserted apically,

a little longer than Ist, 3rd a little longer than 2nd, flagellum equal

to 2nd plus 3rd, with ca. 12 indistinctly separated joints.

Only the basal joints of antenna 2 remaining, Ist joint with a spine

on lower outer apex. .

Upper lip rounded, minutely setulose.

Lower lip, inner apices of lobes quadrate, with a rather strong tuft

of setules.

Mandible, cutting-edge 4-5 dentate, secondary cutting-edge bifid,

spine-row with 3 fimbriate spines, molar well developed, palp small,

unarmed, Ist joint shorter than 2nd, 3rd minute, indistinctly separated

from 2nd, tipped with I setule.

Mavxillae 1 and 2 normal. .

Maxilliped, 2nd joint longest, 4th and 5th broad, inner distal

margin of 5th with 3 denticles, 6th and 7th small but well developed,

6th not lobed internally, epipod very large, reaching to 5th joint,

nearly twice width of maxilliped, ovate, apex narrowly rounded, outer

margin angular.

Peraeopods 1-4 slender, increasing in length posteriorly, very feebly

416 Annals of the South African Museum.

armed, especially peraeopods 3 and 4, in these latter 5th joint very

elongate and slender.

Peraeopods 5-7 a little stouter than the anterior ones, slightly

decreasing in length posteriorly, 5th and 6th joints with moderately

numerous outstanding spines, inner apex of 6th joint in peraeopod 7

with 1 spine almost as long as the 7th joint plus unguis.

First pleopods in ¢, peduncles narrow, apparently set on a com-

pletely fused basal portion, apices truncate, rami not distinct.

Operculum in 9 ovate, apex cleft for } its length, keel moderately

strong and extending as far as the cleft, outer distal margins with

plumose setae.

Pleopod 2 in g, peduncle narrow-ovate, apex subacute, outer distal

margin with plumose setae, stylet rather stout, straight, reaching a

little beyond apex of peduncle, outer ramus small.

Uropod uniramous, 2-jointed, the joints subequal, both tipped with

setae.

Length: 5 mm.; breadth: 1 mm.

Colour: In spirit chalky white.

Locality: Cape Point N. 89° E., distant 36 miles. 700 fathoms.

2 ¢ 3,4 nonovigerous 9 9. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 20/8/03. (S.A.M.

No. A4030.)

Famity MUNNOPSIDAE.

For references see Barnard, Ann. 8.A. Mus. vol. 10, pt. 7, p. 225, and

add :

1914. Vanhoffen, Deutsche Siidpol. Exp. vol. 15, pt. 4, p. 582.

Gen. PSEUDOMUNNOPSIS Hansen.

1916. Pseudomunnopsis Hansen, Dan. Ingolf Exp. iu, 5, p. 160.

PSEUDOMUNNOPSIS BEDDARDI (Tatt.).

(Plate XVII. Figs. 17, 18.)

1905. Munnopsoides beddardi Tattersall, Fish. Irel. Sci. Invest. 1904,

ul, p. 26, pl. 6, figs. 1-8.

1916. Pseudomunnopsis ,, Hansen Le. pp. 10, 160, pl. 14, figs. 8a—m.

Body glabrous. Head about as broad as long, strongly convex in

profile, anterior margin slightly convex. Peraeon segment 1 curving

forwards laterally, embracing the basal part of the head, shorter and

narrower than segment 2, seements 2-4 subequal in length, 4 a little

narrower than 3, all 4 segments with a transverse ridge both on the

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 417

posterior and on the anterior margins, the anterior one more prominent

than the posterior, especially medianly, and in one ? specimen pro-

duced into an acute median tooth on segments 1-3; the presence of

these teeth is evidently a variable feature but cannot be called discon-

tinuous, as the greater prominence of the ridge in the medio-dorsal

line shows clearly how such teeth can be developed. Peraeon seg-

ment 5 nearly equal to segments 1-4 together, 6 and 7 very short.

Side-plates on segments 1-4 only.

Pleon a little longer than peraeon segment 5, narrow-ovate, widest

in the middle, apex bluntly rounded.

Antenna | reaching in ¢ to end of 4th, in ? to beginning of

3rd peraeon segment, Ist joint stout, conical, apex blunt, 2nd inserted

before apex of Ist, only } width of Ist at the place where 2nd is

inserted, 5rd 5 width and 3 length of second, flagellum longer than

peduncle, 9-jointed in 9, Ist joint very short, 2nd twice as long as

any of the following, in ¢ with a short Ist joint and a long 2nd joint,

composed of a large number of partly fused joints.

Only the basal joints of antenna 2 remaining.

Mandible conical, tapering to a subacute, feebly bifid apex, molar,

spine-row and palp entirely absent.

Maxillae 1 and 2 as figured for beddardi Tattersall (1c. p. 26,

pl. 6).

Maxilliped, 2nd joint longest, 3rd very short, 4th broad, inner

margin concave, inner apex acute, slightly produced, 5th as broad as

but scarcely + as long as 4th, inner margin sinuous, inner apex acute,

shghtly produced, 6th and 7th very slender, 7th a little longer than

6th, epipod reaching to apex of 4th joint, ovate-lanceolate, imner

plate with 2 coupling-hooks (termed ‘sensory processes” in the

description of beddardi).

Peraeopod 1 short, 2nd joint longest, nearly equal to 8rd—5th

together, 4th shortest, broader than long, 5th equal to 5rd, somewhat

ovate, inner margin convex, with 3 spine-setae distally, 6th as long as

but only } width of 5th, 7th scarcely } length of 6th.

Peraeopods 2-4 except the 2nd joints, lost in all the specimens.

Peraeopods 5-7 very slender, 2nd and 3rd joints subequal, 4th

very short, 5th a little longer than 5rd, apparently without any setae,

6th subequal to 3rd, narrow-ovate, widened slightly distally, setae on

one margin only, 7th absent.

Pleopod 1 in ¢ reaching to apex of pleon, peduncles contiguous

throughout their entire length, fused but with distinct suture, very

narrow, widening slightly before the blunt apex, ramus very small,

inserted obliquely on inner apex,

418 Annals of the South African Museum.

Operculum in ? reaching to apex of pleon, nearly circular when

flattened out, but in the natural position folded longitudinally, roof-

like.

Pleopod 2 in ¢ reaching to apex of pleon, peduncles large, semi-

circular, fused along the straight inner margins but with distinct

suture, in natural position folded longitudinally, roof-like, slightly

diverging distally where the short, geniculate, apically subacute inner

rami (stylets) are inserted, the rami not projecting beyond the apices

of the peduncles.

Uropod slender, uniramous, 2nd joint a little longer than Ist.

Length: § 35 mm., 9 4 mm.; breadth: across anterior part of

body ¢ 1 mm., ? 125 mm. Another ? measures 5°5 x 15 mm.

and the anterior half of another (ovigerous) 9 measures 2 x 2 mm.

Colour: In spirit pinkish-white.

Locality: Cape Point N. 89° E., distant 36 miles. 700 fathoms.

Bottom green mud. 2¢4,3 9 9,2 fragments. _ s.s. ‘ Pieter Faure.”

20/8/03. (S.A.M. No. A4068.)

Geogr. Distribution: W. coast of Ireland, 199-582 fathoms (Tatter-

sall) ; Davis Strait, 1485 fathoms and Faroe Is., 463-515 fathoms

(Hansen).

Gen. ILYARACHNA Sars.

1863. Mesostenus G. O. Sars, Chr. Vid. Selsk. Forhl. 1868, p. 211

nom. preoce.).

1870. Ilyarachna id. Christ. Fjord. Dybvands Fauna, 1869, p. 44.

1886. Ps Beddard, Challeng. Rep. vol. 17, p. 76.

1896. 5 Bonnier, Ann. Univ. Lyons, vol. 26, p. 608.

1897-8 s Sars, Crust. Norw. vol. 2, p. 134.

1901. = Ohlin. Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. vol. 26, pt. 4, No. 12,

p. 37.

1905. ‘, Tattersall, Fish. Irel. Sci. Inv. 1904, ii, p. 28.

1911. e Richardson, Bull. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Paris, 1911,

No. 7, p. 533.

1914. 35 Vanhéffen, Deutsche Siidpol. Exp. vol. 15, pt. 4,

p- 091.

ILYARACHNA AFFINIS 0. Sp.

Body smooth, glabrous. Head broader than long, with a transverse

ridge on both anterior and posterior margin, Peraeon segments 1-3

subequal, 4 longer distally, its anterior margin curved forwards,

antero-lateral angles, especially those of segment 2, acute, segments

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 419

5-7 narrower than 4, gradually decreasing in width, 5 shortest dorsally,

6 shortest laterally, 7 of equal width throughout, all the segments

with transverse ridges marking the anterior and posterior margins,

the anterior ones on segments 1-3 very faintly denticulate in two

of the specimens ; side-plates distinct on first 4 segments,

Pleon a little longer than 6th and 7th peraeon segments together,

only a little narrower at base than 7th segment, basal margin

straight with a transverse ridge, narrowing to a subacute apex, lateral

margins straight except for a slight convexity above the insertion of

the uropods.

Antenna 1, Ist joint subtriangular, outer apex subacutely produced,

with 2 spines, outer margin with 2 spines near base and 1 in middle,

inner margin with 3 spines just before insertion of 2nd joint, 3rd

more slender than 2nd and a little longer, flagellum about equal to

2nd plus 3rd joints, 6-jointed, Ist joint shortest.

Only the basal joints of antenna 2 remaining.

Mouth-parts as figured by Sars for I. longicornis (1897, l.c. pl. 59).

Peraeopod 1 also as in longicornis. All the other peraeopods lost.

Operculum in § ovate-lanceolate, with a strong and sharp median

longitudinal keel reaching almost to the subacute apex.

Uropods lost.

Length: 5 mm.; breadth: 1:75 mm.

Colour: In spirit pinkish-white.

Locality: Cape Point N. 89° E., distant 56 miles. 700 fathoms.

4 nonovigerous 2? ¢. s.s. “Pieter Faure.” 20/8/03. (S.A.M. No.

A4065.

Very close to longicornis from the N. Atlantic, but distinguished

by having the ovter angle of the Ist joint of Ist antenna produced

instead of the inner, and by the 5th peraeon segment being very

distinctly narrower than 4th (thereby distinguished also from plunketti

Tattersall, l.c. p. 28, pl. 7 *), with straight or very slightly emarginate,

instead of convex, sides. The denticulation on the anterior margins

of the first 3 segments is a variable feature (cf. Ohlin’s remarks on

hirticeps and denticulata in l.c. supra, p. 36).

ILYARACHNA CRASSICEPS 0. Sp.

Body smooth, glabrous. Head broader than long, the lateral

portions not very pendulous, no transverse ridges on anterior or

posterior margins, Peraeon segment | narrower than head, very

short ; segment 2 longer and wider, both 1 and 2 laterally obtuse ;

segment 3 with acute antero-lateral angles ; segment 4 longer than 3,

* But see Hansen, l.c. 1916, p. 122.

420 Annals of the South African Museum.

lateral angles rounded-quadrate ; segment 5 at base distinctly narrower

than 4, widening distally, postero-lateral angles rounded, posterior

margin concave: segment 6 of the same length laterally as dorsally,

the posterior margin therefore concave, slightly narrower than 5;

seement 7 slightly narrower than 6, posterior margin straight or very

slightly trilobed, segment therefore longer dorsally than laterally.

No transverse ridges on any of the segments. Side-plates on anterior

segments not very distinct.

Pleon as broad basally as 7th peraeon segment, about as broad as

long, lateral margins straight, apex obtuse.

Antenna 1, Ist joint stout, neither outer nor inner apex produced,

the other joints lost.

Only the 3 basal joints of antenna 2 remaining.

All the peraeopods, except the 2nd joints, lost.

Pleopod 1 in ¢ narrow, apex of peduncle acute, ramus distinct,

very narrow, projecting slightly beyond apex of peduncle, tipped with

setules.

Operculum in 9 with a sharp keel extending nearly to apex, den-

ticulate in profile and setose like the rest of the surface.

Pleopod 2 in ¢, peduncle ovate, inner margin straight, apex acute,

stylet reaching to apex of peduncle, the distal quarter of its length

very fine.

Length: 2°75 mm. ; breadth: 1:25 mm.

Colour: In spirit pinkish-white.

Locality: Cape Point N. 89° E., distant 36 miles. 700 fathoms.

1 g, 1 nonovigerous 9. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 20/8/03. (S.A.M.

No. A4133.)

Gren. EURYCOPE Sars.

1864. Hurycope G. O. Sars, Chr. Vid. Selsk. Forhl. 1863, p. 208.

1886. ie Beddard, Challeng. Rep. vol. 17, p. 58.

1896. FP Bonnier, Ann. Univ. Lyons, vol. 26, p. 596.

1897. a Hansen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv. vol. 31, no. 5,

Ds00:

1897-8. ,, Sars, Crust. Norw. vol. 2, p. 144.

1901. _ Ohlin, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. vol. 26, pt. 4, no. 12,

p. 34.

1905. a Tattersall, Fish. Irel. Sci. Inv. 1904, I, p. 30.

1905. = Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 54, p. 490.

1908. . id. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 34, p. 67.

1908. . id. ibid. vol. 35 [1909], p. 84.

1910. - id. ibid. vol. 37, p. 120.

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 421

1911. Eurycope Richardson, Bull. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Paris, 1911,

no. 7, p. 082.

1914. iS Vanhioffen, Deutsche Siidpol. Exp. vol. 15, pt. 4,

p. 086.

1916. _ Hansen, Dan. Ingolf Exp. iii, 5, p. 187.

EURYCOPE SULCIFRONS 0. Sp.

(Plate XVII. Figs. 22, 23.)

Body smooth, glabrous. Head short laterally but strongly pro-

duced forwards in a moderately broad process, which is apically

rounded and dorsally shallowly grooved, a low rounded tubercle in the

middle of the head. Peraeon segments 1-4 increasing gradually in

width and length, laterally rounded, with rounded side-plates ; seg-

ments 5-7 decreasing in width posteriorly, 5 longest at the sides, 6

longest dorsally, the anterior margin rather strongly convex, 7 of equal

width throughout and about equal to the greatest length of 5, antero-

and postero-lateral angles rounded. Pleon as broad as long, antero-

lateral angles quadrate, apex rounded.

Antenna 1, Ist joint apically rounded, scarcely produced, 3rd nearly

equal to 2nd, flagellum incomplete but at least 14-jointed.

Only the basal joints of antenna 2 remaining.

Maxilliped, 4th joint broader than long, outer apex shortly and

acutely produced, 5th broader than long, greatest length on inner

margin, which is distally cut into small shallow notches each with a

setule, outer margin very short, outer apex acute, 6th strongly lobed

internally, epipod reaching to middle of oth joint, lanceolate, a little

more than twice as long as broad, apex acute, outer margin scarcely

angular, concentric sculpturing faint.

Peraeopods 1-4 lost. Peraeopods 5-7, 5th joint very strongly

expanded, 6th also broadly ovate, not twice as long as broad, 7th }

width of 6th, straight, narrow-ovate.

Pleopod 1 in ¢, peduncle widest basally, tapering with slightly

sinuous margins lateral to a blunt apex bearing a few setules, rami not

distinct. Operculum in ? nearly circular.

Pleopod 2 in 4, peduncle semicircular, inner margin slightly concave,

stylet inserted about the middle, basal part of 2nd joint rather stout,

distal part abruptly narrower, outer ramus between stylet and apex of

peduncle.

Uropods lost.

Length: 4mm.; breadth: 15 mm,

Colour: In spirit dirty pinkish.

422 Annals of the South African Museum.

Locality: Cape Point N. 89° E., distant 36 miles. 700 fathoms.

Bottom green mud. 1 g, 9 2? 9, some ovigerous. s.s. “‘ Pieter

Faure.” 20/8/08. (S.A.M. No. A4063.)

In the shape of the head and the body this species is close to F.

parva Bonnier (l.c. p. 600, pl. 33, fig. 4). The 5th and 6th peraeon

segments, however, are not fused dorsally, segments 1-4 are not

produced anteriorly and the Ist and 2nd pleopods differ in shape.

EuRYCOPE QUADRATA ND. Sp.

(Plate XVII. Figs. 20, 21.)

Body smooth, glabrous. Head moderately long, shortly produced in

front in a quadrangular process broader than long. Peraeon seg-

ments 1-4 subequal, increasing in width, side-plates directed forwards,

acute ; segments 5—7 decreasing in width, 5 and 6 subequal in length

and of equal length throughout, 7 nearly as long as 5 and 6 together,

antero-lateral angles of all three acutely, but shortly, produced for-

wards, postero-lateral angles rounded. Pleon as broad as long,

antero-lateral angles acute, apex rounded.

Antenna 1, Ist joint apically rounded, not produced, the other joints

lost.

Antenna 2, all except the basal joints lost.

Maxilliped, 4th and following joits in all the specimens broken

off, epipod similar to that of H. cornuta (figured by Sars, Le. pl. 64),

apically acute, outer margin strongly produced in a blunt process,

with the margin on either side concave, concentric sculpturing on

epipod and 2nd joint strongly marked.

Peraeopods 1—7 all lost.

Pleopod 1 in @, peduncles of nearly the same width throughout,

lateral margins sinuous, apices narrow acute, rami distinct, apically

subacute with a few setules.

Pleopod 2 in @, peduncle subtriangular, inner margins straight,

outer strongly angular near base, apex truncate, stylet inserted about

middle of inner margin, tapering gradually, outer ramus broad, inserted

on the truncate apex of peduncle.

Uropods lost.

Length: 4mm.; breadth: 1:75 mm.

Colour: In spirit dirty pinkish.

Locality: Cape Point N. 89° E., distant 36 miles. 700 fathoms.

Bottom green mud. 9 specimens, some mutilated. s.s. ‘“ Pieter

Faure.” 20/8/08. (S.A.M. No. A4062.)

This species is close to H. complanata Bonnier (1896, Lc. p. 601,

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 423

pl. 34, fig. 1), but has a more elongate pleon and a less produced and

blunter median process on the head. The epipod of the maxilliped

and the 2nd pleopod are very much alike in the two species.

EuRYCcOPE FUSIFORMIS ND. sp.

(Plate XVII. Fig. 19.)

Female.—Body widest in the middle, tapering towards both ends,

smooth, glabrous. Head strongly emarginate in front, lateral portions

not developed. Peraeon segment 1 wider than head, segments 1—4

increasing cradually in width, antero-lateral angles of 1 and 2 quadrate,

of 3 and 4 shortly acute; segment 5 widest of all, longer laterally

than dorsally, antero-lateral angles rounded-quadrate, posterior margin

concave ; segment 6 of same length laterally as dorsally, posterior

margin coneave; segment 7 longer dorsally than laterally, posterior

margin straight; segments 5-7 closely united, with nearly straight

and even lateral margins, narrowing gradually posteriorly. Trans-

verse ridges not developed. Side-plates distinct only on segments 3

and 4. Pleon at base as broad as peraeon segment 7, almost an

equilateral triangle in shape, lateral margins slightly convex, apex

subacute.

Antenna 1, Ist joint stout, 2nd short and much narrower, 3rd very

slender, flagellum at least 5-jointed, Ist very short.

Antenna 2, except the basal joints, lost.

Mandibular palp with 3rd joint falciform.

Epipod of maxilliped broad, the inner margin and the proximal

portion of outer margin subparallel, the distal portion of outer

margin bevelled off straight or very slightly concave to the subacute

apex.

All the peraeopods lost.

Operculum with a broad strong keel extending to apex.

Length: 3°5 mm.; breadth: 15 mm.

Colour: In spirit pinkish-white.

Locality: Cape Point N. 89° E., distant 36 miles. 700 fathoms.

8 nonovigerous ? 9. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 20/8/03. (S.A.M. No.

A4154.)

This species is in general appearance like Ilyarachna plunketti

Tattersall (1c. p. 28, pl. 7), but differs in having the anterior margin *

of 7th peraeon segment strongly convex and the pleon shorter relatively

to its length—two features which bring it very close to I. abyssorwin

Rich. (Bull. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Paris, 1911, no. 7, p. 533). Both

species are without lateral developments of the head, but the latter

species has no palp to the mandible and a distinctly biramous uropod.

424 Annals of the South African Museum.

The only features by which the generic position of the present

specimens can be determined are the mandibular palp and the epipod

of the maxilliped. Both of these are of the type found in Hurycope.

HPICARIDEA.

This tribe has hitherto been poorly represented in the fauna list

of South African Crustacea. Stebbing in the General Catalogue,

1910, records only two species. In 1914 were added:

Liriopsis sp., from Durban, by Brady (Ann. Durban Mus. vol. 1,

pt. 1, p. 7, pl. 8, figs. 9-15).

Hemiarthrus nematocarcini by Stebbing (Ann. 8.A. Mus. vol. 15,

pt. 1, p. 47, fig.).

Zonophryxus quinquedens by Barnard (ibid. vol. 10, pt. 7, p. 228,

pl. 22).

Together with the species recorded below the number of the South

African Epicaridea now totals 11.

With regard to the explanation of Brady’s figures of Liriopsis, it

may be remarked that, presumably by misprint, fig. 12 is labelled

“first foot,” whereas its structure shows it to be either the 6th or 7th;

fig. 14 labelled as “‘ second foot ?”’ may be either the Ist or 2nd.

Famity BOPYRIDAE.

1905. Bopyridae Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 54, p. 498.

1908. %, Stebbing, S.A. Crust. pt. 4, p. 56.

1910. s id. Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. vol. 14, pt. 1, p. 111.

The separation of the two genera Pseudione and Palaegyge according

to the presence or absence of warts on the pleopods of the female

proposed by Giard and Bonnier and accepted by Stebbing (Hist.

Crust. 1893, p. 410), 1s not recognised by Sars (Crust. Norw. vol. 2,

p- 202). It would seem, however, to be a useful division though

somewhat arbitrary, and moreover it can be correlated with the habitat:

the species of Palaegyge occur on the Caridea, the species of Pseudione

on the Anomala and Thalassinida.

Gen. PALAEGYGE Guard & Bonn.

1888. Palaegyge Giard & Bonnier, Bull. Sci. Fr. Belg. vol. 19, p. 68

(sep. copy, pp. 3, 7, 11).

1890. n id. ibid. vol. 22, p. 384.

1892. 3 Weber, Zool. Ergebn. vol. 2, p. 557.

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 425

1895. Palaegyge, Stebbing, Hist. Crust. p. 410.

1900. 3 Bonnier, Trav. Stat. Zool. Wimereux, vol. 8, p. 382.

1910. Be Horst, Notes from Leyden Mus. vol. 32, No. 1, p. 67.

1912. ss Richardson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 42, p. 521.

PALAEGYGE PLESIONIKAE 0. Sp.

(Plate XVII. Figs. 24, 25.)

Female.—Head a little wider than long, anterior margin straight

or slightly concave, “limbe posterieur” entire, each of its exterior

angles produced into a rather stout, curved process. Ovarian bosses

on first 4 peraeon segments ; epimera not conspicuous, not developed

as lamellae on the last 3 segments. Pleon of 6 distinct segments, the

last entire ; pleurae entire, not greatly developed, not concealing the

outer rami of pleopods.

Antenna 1 3-jointed, basal joint stout, completely separated from

its fellow by the triangular frontal plate, with apical tuft of setae.

Antenna 2 7-jointed, basal joint stout, distal 2 joimts minute, with

apical tuft of setae.

Maxilliped divided into two portions by an oblique suture, anterior

portion quadrangular, postero-exterior angle produced backwards into

a long curved process; palp rather large, strongly setose, posterior

portion subtriangular, antero-interior angle produced.

The five pairs of marsupial plates overlap in the centre. First pair

with the distal lobe produced backwards in a blunt process. The

margin of the overlapping ridge has three small indentations. The

hind margins of all the pairs, except the first, fringed with setae, those

on the 5th being strong and conspicuous.

Pleopods increasing successively in length and diminishing in

thickness posteriorly, the outer rami larger than the inner, both

smooth.

Uropods slightly curved, tapering, with blunt apices.

Male.—Lanceolate in outline, head broader than long, anterior

margin evenly rounded, eyes small but distinct. Peraeon segments

all distinct, laterally rounded. Pleon segments also distinct, the

lateral portions directed backwards, the 6th segment triangular, with

a few short spines on postero-external angles.

Antenna 1 8-jointed, basal joint large, not contiguous with its fellow,

with apical tuft of setae.

Antenna 2 7-jointed, basal joint not very enlarged, 6th and 7th

minute, with apical tuft of setae.

4.26 Annals of the South African Museum.

Pleopods rudimentary, lobe-like projections on Ist-5th pleon

segments.

Length: 2 15mm., ¢ 4mm.; breadth: 9? 9mm.; ¢ 15 mm.

Colour: In spirit pale yellowish.

Locality: Table Mountain N. 79° E., distant 40 miles. 250 fathoms.

3 99,14; Cape Point NE. ? E., distant 29 miles. 470 fathoms.

1 9,1 ¢. ss. “Pieter Faure.”: 18/4/00 and 11/6/03. (S.A.M.

Nos. A2274 and A2275.)

Host: Plesionika martia (M. Edw.). In the branchial cavities, both

right and left, chiefly the former, the males are attached sometimes

tothe pleopods of the female, head hindermost, sometimes transversely

across the middle of the brood-pouch.

In this species the uropods in the ? are more developed than

appears usual in this genus according to definition. Moreover, the

species hitherto described have all been taken from members of the

family Palaemonidae, whereas the host of the present species belongs

to the Pandalidae.

Gren. PSEUDIONE Kossm.

1881. Pseudione Kossmann, Zeitsch. Wiss. Zool. vol. 35, p. 663.

1890. i Giard and Bonnier, Le. p. 377.

1893. 6 Stebbing, l.c. pp. 410, 411.

1897. Fs Hansen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv. voi. 31, No. 5,

p. 118.

1898. 4 Sars, Crust. Norw. vol. 2, p. 200.

1898. Rs Calman, Ann. N.Y. Ac. Sci. vol. 11, No. 18, p. 274.

1900. as Bonnier, l.c. p. 292.

1904. %, Richardson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 27, pp. 78, 83.

1905. > id. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 54, p. 522.

1910. L id. Wash. Bur. Fish. Doc. 736, p. 37.

PSEUDIONE MUNIDAE 0. sp.

(Plate XVII. Figs. 26, 27.)

Female.—Head a little wider than long, anterior margin slightly

’ with hind margin and lateral

processes crenulate. Ovarian bosses on first 4 segments. Epimera

convex, crenulate, “ imbe posterieur’

inconspicuous, antero-lateral angle acutely produced on anterior seg-

ments, lateral margin irregularly indented on the posterior segments.

Pleon of 6 distinct segments, 6th minute and embraced by 5th, ventral

surfaces crossed by longitudinal rugae, pleura developed as lamellae,

but not concealing the pleopods, entire, covered with rounded warts.

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 427

Antenna | 3-jointed, basal joint not greatly expanded, not con-

tiguous with its fellow.

Antenna 2 4-jointed, basal joint not greatly expanded.

A pair of large tubes as described by Calman in P. giardi.

Maxilliped, anterior portion produced both backwards and forwards

on the outside, posterior portion triangular, its antero-interior angle

not produced, no palp.

Peraeopods with 8rd joint bulbous, exterior angle of palm produced

into a rounded setose lobe on which the curved finger closes.

The 5 pairs of marsupial plates overlap in the centre. The first

pair with a blunt posterior process on the distal lobe, no overlapping

ridge. Hind margin of the 4th pair minutely setulose, of the 5th

strongly setose.

Pleopods lanceolate, becoming slightly shorter posteriorly, outer and

inner rami subequal, with small warts, chiefly on the anterior pairs.

Uropods lanceolate with acute apices.

Male.—Lanceolate in outline, head broader than long, anterior

margin rounded. Peraeon segments distinct, laterally narrowed,

subangular. Pleon abruptly narrower than peraeon, all 6 segments

distinct, 6th segment broader than long, hind margin emarginate,

postero-lateral angles without setae.

Antenna | 3-jointed; antenna 2 4-joited; the basal joints not

expanded.

Peraeopods with 5rd joint not bulbous, palm oblique.

Pleopods—there are obscure indications of lobe-like processes on

the first 5 segments and possibly on the 4th also.

Length: 2 9mm., ¢ 4mm.; breadth: 2 6mm., ¢ 15 mm.

Colour : In spirit yellowish-white. —

Locality: Off Buffalo River, East London. 300 fathoms. ¢

and ¢ 9. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 16/4/01 and 24/4/01. (S.A.M. Nos.

A269 and A2273.)

Host : Munida sancti-pauli Henderson. In the branchial cavity.

Distinguished from P. crenulata Sars 1898 by the acute epimera

and the rounded pleura in the 9. The ¢ bears most resemblance to

that of P. giardi Calman 1898.

PSEUDIONE CRENULATA Sars.

1898. Pseudione crenulata Sars, Crust. Norw, vol. 2, p. 2038, pl. 86,

fies I

1900. - Bonnier, Trav. Stat. Wimereux, vol. 8,

p- 308,

4.28 Annals of the South African Museum.

Female.—Head only very faintly crenulate, “‘limbe posterieur ”

with margin entire, the lateral processes not crenulate. Hyes not

distinguishable. Ovarian bosses on segments 1-4. Maxilliped with

inner distal angle of anterior part not so much produced as in Sars’

figure, without any indication of a palp. First marsupial plate

without posterior process on distal lobe, overlapping ridge well

developed ; posterior margin of plates 2 and 3 setulose, of 4 and 5

strongly setose.

In other respects corresponding with Sars’ deseription.

Length: 2 5mm., ¢ 2 mm.; breadth: 9? 35mm., ¢ 15 mm.

Colour: In spirit duli pinkish.

Locality: Off Port Shepstone, Natal. 24 fathoms. s.s. ‘‘ Pieter

Faure.” (S.A.M. No. A4860.)

Host: Galathea dispersa Bate. In the branchial cavity.

Geogr. Distribution: Coast of Norway. On Munida rugosa and

tenuimana. (Sars.)

PARAGIGANTIONE Nn. g.

Female.—Body oval, asymmetrical, Epimera well defined, extend-

ing the whole length of the segment, not expanded. Pleon segments

distinct. Pleura hiding the pleopods but not expanded, entire.

Maxilliped similar to that of Gigantione, without palp. All 7 pairs of

peraeopods developed. Pleopods biramous, entire, inner ramus larger

than outer. Uropods biramous, rami subequal, ovate, not pedunculate.

Male.—Peraeon and pleon segments distinct. A median ventral

papilla on peraeon segments 1-6, Pleopods present on segments 1-5,

lobe-like. Uropods lamellate, uniramous, ovate.

Parasitic in the branchial cavity.

This genus differs from Gigantione in having in the ? non-pedun-

culate uropods, the segments not expanded and the pleopods not

fimbriate or fringed. No mention is made of the ventral papillae of

the ¢ in any species of Gigantione, so that their absence may be

reckoned as a characteristic of the genus.

The only other genus in which the ? has biramous uropods and the

pleon segments of the ¢ are distinct is Aporobopyroides Nobili 1906,

but in this genus the 5th and 6th pleon segments of the ¢ are fused

dorsally and ventrally and there are no pleopods or uropods. The

of Urobopyrus Richardson 1904 is unknown.

PARAGIGANTIONE PAPILLOSA Nn, Sp.

(Plate XVIL Figs. 28, 29.)

Female,—Head broader than long, anterior margin slightly convex,

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 429

‘limbe posterieur ” entire, the curved process at exterior angle strong.

Ovarian bosses absent or not yet developed. Epimera conspicuous,

extending whole length of segments. Pleon of 6 distinct segments,

pleura entire, only the 4th and Sth strongly produced as lamellae, 5th

segment embracing 6th, which is broader than long.

Antenna 1 3-jointed, Ist and 2nd joints stout, 3rd minute, tipped

with setae.

Antenna 2 5-jointed, Ist and 2nd joints stout, 3rd and 4th elongate,

5th minute, tipped with setae.

Maxilliped, anterior portion quadrangular, exterior angle rounded,

margins setose, posterior portion more semicircular than triangular,

inner apical angle acute, ending in a small spine, inner margin setose,

palp absent.

Only the first pair of marsupial plates meet in the centre; the

others apparently are not fully developed. First pair with the 2

lobes subtriangular and about equal in size, overlapping ridge entire

and smooth. Inner and hind margins of 2nd—5th pairs and inner

margin of the distal lobe of Ist pair setose.

Pleopods probably not fully developed, inner ramus broadly lanceo-

late with acute apex, larger than outer ramus, which is quadrate, with

the postero-exterior angle a little produced.

Uropods biramous, attached to the lateral angles of 6th pleon

segment, rami subequal, ovate, apical margins finely setulose.

Male.—Nearly parallel-sided, anterior margin of head convex.

Peraeon segments all distinct, laterally somewhat pointed, Ist with

the median ventral papilla pointed, segments 2—6 with the papilla

rounded, with a small pit in the middle. Pleon segments all distinct,

pleura developed as blunt lamellae, the 5th segment embracing 6th,

which is as broad as long, ovate and cleft nearly to the base.

Pleopods on segments 1-5 lobe-like.

Uropods lamellate, uniramous, obovate, extending a little beyond

apex of 6th segment, apical margins finely setose.

Length: 9 75mm., ¢ 3mm.; breadth: 2 4mm., ¢ 1 mm.

Colour : In spirit yellowish-white.

Locality: Off Buffalo River, East London. 300 fathoms. 1 ¢

and ?. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 24/4/01. (S.A.M. No. A2277.)

Host: Munida sancti-pauli Henderson. In the branchial cavity.

Gen. HEMIARTHRUS Giard & Bonn.

1843. Phryzus Rathke, Nova Acta Ac. Leop.-Carol, Naturae Curios,

p. 40.

430 Annals of the South African Museum.

1887. Henuiarthrus Giard & Bonnier (date quoted from Stebbing).

18938. or Stebbing, Hist. Crust. p. 417.

1898. Phryzus Sars, Crust. Norw. vol. 2, p. 214.

HEMIARTHRUS NEMATOCARCINI Stebb.

1914. Hemiarthrus nematocarcini Stebbing, Ann. 8.A. Mus. vol. 15,

pt. 1, p. 47, fig.

The only further remarks necessary concerning this species is

that the pleon of the 9 is subacute and entire. This character

distinguishes the species easily from H. abdominalis (Kroyer).

Famity CYPRONISCIDAKE.

1889. Cyproniscidae Giard & JBonnier, Trav. Stat. Wimereux,

Bopyriens, p. 221.

GEN. CYPRONISCUS, Kossm.

1884. Cyproniscus Kossmann, SB. K. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, Hft. 22,

p. 460.

- Stebbing, S.A. Crust. pt. 2, p. 75.

CYPRONISCUS CROSSOPHORI Stebb.

1901. Cyproniscus crossophori Stebbing, Knowledge, vol. 24, p. 100.

1902. zh - id. Ue; p76, pl. Laws:

Three specimens of the host Crossophorus africanus Stebb., from

the “ Pieter Faure” collection, have been examined for this parasite.

In one 2 immature 2 9 and 3 larvae were found, in another 3 larvae,

and in the third 1 adult °.

The adult 9 is symmetrical, flat on the side apposed to the host,

convex on the outer side, anterior end narrower than the posterior,

shaped therefore like half a pear. About 10 segments are indicated by

shallow grooves. No attachment cord was found, the parasite appear-

ing to be quite free in the incubatory pouch of the host. Length:

6:25 mm.; breadth and depth: both 3 mm.

The immature 9 9 measure ca. 2 x 1:5 mm. and show indications

of 7-9 segments. Head with a rudimentary oral cone, and on each

side of this a short antenna-like process, which is constricted near the

end so as to appear 2-jointed, but there is no suture.

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 431

The larvae range from 1-2:25 mm. in length and agree with Stebbing’s

description. The largest are probably functional ¢ 3.

All three hosts were females.

Locality: Lion’s Head SE. } E., distant 50 miles. 230 fathoms.

ladult ¢ ; South Head E. by 8.3 5S., distant 25 miles. 190 fathoms.

2 immature ° ? and 6 larvae. (Both localities off the Cape Penin-

sula.) s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 2/4/02 and 3/4/02. (S.A.M. Nos. A4165

and A4166.)

Famity CABIROPSIDAE.

1895. OCabiropsidae Giard & Bonnier, Bull. Sci. Fr. vol. 25, pp. 421,

441, 445.

As Stebbing has done in the case of the Cyproniscidae, I keep this

family separate for the sake of convenience, although Sars regards

it as a part of the Cryptoniscidae.

Gren. CLYPEONISCUS Giard & Bonn.

1895. Clypeoniscus Giard & Bonnier, Le. p. 444.

1899. = Sars, Crust. Norw. vol. 2, p. 239.

1905. Pe Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 54, p. 577.

Only two species of this genus are known: hanseni Giard & Bonn.

and meinerti Giard & Bonn., both from the North Atlantic and

infesting members of the family Idoteidae. Their specific distinctness

is doubtful.

Two larval specimens which may belong to this genus were found

on a specimen of Lanocira capensis (see supra, p. 354).

CLYPEONISCUS STENETRII Nn. Sp.

Body of @? irregularly oval, incised anteriorly and posteriorly,

lateral margins with irregular shallow indentations. Dorsal surface

moderately convex, the opaque area ovoid but indistinctly defined.

Ventral surface with a longitudinal slit extending from the anterior

to the posterior incisions, its margins with (so far as it was possible

to count them) 10 pairs of marginal folds. These do not appear to

be double or to interlock as is the case in meinertt.

A single ¢ was found attached to the same host, but is not in a

good enough state of preservation to allow of the characters of

antenna 1, side-plates and peraeopods being observed. The outer

ramus of uropod is much shorter than inner.

432 Annals of the South African Museum.

The structure of the embryos also could not be made out, and in

particular it was quite impossible to determine the presence or absence

of the ventral plate.

Nevertheless, there is no doubt that this is a species of Clypeoniscus

in view of the close agreement of the ? with hanseni. As to specific

distinctness, scarcely any character can be found except the (appa-

rently) singleness of the marginal folds on the brood-lamellae. Sars

doubts the specific distinctness of the two northern species. These

two forms were considered as belonging to two species by Giard &

Bonnier in conformity with their assumption that each species of host

is infested by its own particular species of parasite. This assumption

has been proved to have no foundation in fact, or at least to have

many exceptions.

I have instituted a new species for the South African specimens, not

in support of the above hypothesis, but in order to indicate the

occurrence of the genus on a member of a family different from that

on which the northern species are found.

Length: 8 -75mm., 2 2mm.; breadth: ? 1:5 mm.

Locality: Vasco da Gama Peak N. 71° E., distant 18 miles (off

Cape Peninsula). 230 fathoms. @ and @ attached separately to

the ventral surface of the same specimen of Stenetriwm dagama (see

supra, p. 399). s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 4/5/00. (S.A.M. No. A4167.)

GEN. ET SP. INCERT.

(Text-figs. 1, 2.)

Attached to the ventral side of the peraeon of a ¢ specimen of

Ilychthonos capensis (supra, p. 415) were two minute spherical bodies.

They are both evidently 2? 2, but as no larve or ¢ ¢ were present

their systematic position is uncertain.

They bear some resemblance to Munnoniscus Giard & Bonnier 1895,

but this genus possesses no definite fixing apparatus. Oosaccus

Richardson (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 54, p. 582, fig. 644) has no

attachment cord, but appears to have a kind of suction-disk composed

of a raised rim with 3 or 4 valvular flaps within.

The two specimens in question have the following structure, so far

as I have been able to elucidate it. Having only the.two specimens,

which, moreover, are not exactly alike, I have not resorted to section-

ing, but contented myself with mounting them whole in glycerine

jelly.

Both are spherical in shape, measuring *5 mm. in diameter. In the

one specimen (Fig. 1) there are two little contiguous conical processes,

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 435

each bearing a small spine. The spines do not project parallel but

diverge outwards, so as to form an efficient fixing apparatus. The

interior is completely filled by an opaque mass in which no definite

elements can be distinguished. ‘There appears to be no trace of any

other structure.

On the other hand the second specimen (Fig. 2) shows no sign of the

Fia. 1. x 100. Trg.) 2:

two little conical processes, but is attached by means of a kind of

proboscis. This appears to be composed of 3 or 4 pieces, which are

enlarged at the base, end bluntly and form a closed cylindrical tube.

Around the base of this is a ring, the nature of which is difficult to

interpret, and below this are seen several strands which may be

muscles working the proboscis. The internal mass does not by any

means fill up the outer sac. It appears granular, and contains several

darker granular masses which are apparently ova. Just below the

proboscis are two ovoid structures.

(S.A.M. No, A4131.)

434 Annals of the South African Museum.

INDEX.

PAGE PAGE

acuta (Cymodoce) 5 : . 366 CRY PTONISCIDAE : : : 431

afinis (Cymodoce) ; j _ 366 Cyclordure, Stebb. : 5 . 3861

affinis (Ilyarachna) . ; . 418 | Cymodoce Leach . : : . 362

africana (Cassidias) . : . 875 | Cymodocella Pfeffer. . c 372

Agathotanais Hansen : . 331 | Cymothoa Fabr. . c , - 357

agulhensis (Apseudes) 4 . 822 CYMOTHOIDAE : ; é 357

angusta (Janira) ‘ ; . 404 | Cyproniscus Kossm. . : . 430

Anthura Leach . 2 : ool

ANTHURIDAR = 9.) 3) 2 9387 D

Antias Rich. . . ° . 319 dagama (Stenetrium) . : . 399

Apanthura Stebb. : . . 339 dalmeida (Stenetrium) é . 400

eae Pome 2% £¢ oh DESMOSOMIDAE . .~ . 410

4 : - 982L | destructor (Sphaeroma : . 3858

Arctopsis (n.g. Astacillidae) : 386 iain ee ) . AOL

Arcturella Sars. . ° . 389 dimeroceras (Haploniscus) . . 406

Arcturopsis . 389 | disjuncta (Gnathia) . : . 3834

Artopoles (Brnrd., n g. Sphaero- _. | Dolichochelia Stebb. . . . 331

ne Gags: : : 5 4 dubius (Leptochelia) . : . 332

ASTACILLIDAE : . . 384 E

australis (Apseudes) . : . 323

Bier are f ae ; EUBRANCHIATAE . ; . 3872

avicularia (Apseudes) 2 oul euelpis (Paratanais) . : "999

B Eugerda Mein. . : : . 410

Eurycope Sars. : : . 420

bacillopsis (Rhabdomesus) . 4138 Heeaiee Leach . ; ; . 819

bacillus (Astacilla) . : . 3886 | BURYDICIDAE ; L . 845

beddardi (Pseudomunnopsis) . 416 | Byanthura Brnrd. : j | 840

paces Nanas tubercu- a excavans (Cymodoce) . : Bian

ata var. ; : ‘ . 36

BOPYRIDAE . ; . 424 RF

borbonica (Cymothoa) : A as/ fili :

ee : A liformis (Exanthura) ; . 340

lovsenpiiae UNOS) ; - 396 | guviatilis (Cirolana) . : . 346

C furcifer (Zuzara) Z : . 361

fusiformis (Hurycope) 5 . 423

CABIROPSIDAE : : . 431

cancellata (Cymodocella) . . 372 G

capensis (Heterotanais) — . - 319 | Gnathia Leach . ; 4 ) 339

capensis (Ilychthonos) : . 415 | G@NATHIIDAE . ‘ 332

Gas aan) : : : ae Gnatholana (n.g. Eurydicidae) 352

Jassidias Rich. : . .

cavicola (Cymodoce) . : sa) Bi

Cilicaea Leach. ; , . 862 :

cingulata (Cirolana) . . - 850 a rase Sane ; ; 2

alauadbanen 345 | Haploniscus Rich. ‘ : . 406

Clypeoniscus.G. & B. . F . 431 ee ae na An. ‘ oe

concavifrons (Paramunna) . 409 : ; os

‘eke x Heterotanais Sars : : - ol9

Conilorpheus Stebb. . : . 851 h eetese ll 291

CORALLANIDAE | | 354 | hirsutus (Arcturella) . é

corniger (Arcturella) ; ; "991 | Holidotea (ng. Pseudidoteidae) 381

eranchii (Cirolana) — . : . 346 I

erassiceps (Ilyarachna) . . 419

crassimanus (Stenetrium) . . 404 | Ilyarachna, Sars : 418

crenulata (Pseudione) : . 427 | Tlychthonos (n.g. Desmosomidae) 4.14,

crossophori (Cyproniscus) . . 430 | ingolfi (Agathotanais) : . 331

cryptodoma (Cymodoce) . - 368 | Ischnosoma Bedd. : 2 . 418

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 436

PAGE PAGE

JAERIDAE ; 7 . _ 404 | Phryxus Rathke . : : . 429

Janira Leach : : : . 404 | plesionikae (Palaegyge) . » 425

japonica (Cymodoce) . ; _ 366 | Pseudanthura Rich. : . 3843

PSEUDIDOTEIDAE . ; . 938i

K Pseudione Kossm. : : . 426

Pseudomunnopsis Hansen . - 416

Kuphomunna Brnrd. . : . 409 | punctata (Paranthura) : . 843

pustulata (Arcturella) : . 394

Lanocira Hansen : : . dbd4 . ,

lateralis (Pseudanthura) . . B44 qupdneies Burycope) : ee

latreillei (Cilicaea) . : . 3862 R

Leptochelia Dana : ° - 831 | paynaudii (Livoneca) . : . 358

ie ae ( eae aya ie eet ee ee Rich. es 415

ineata (Arcturella) . . ° d2 , ne K

linguicauda (Anthura) : . 338 ea Gee ac) ae

littoralis (Cirolana) . 2 . 3846 S

Livoneca Leach . : - 897 | saldanha (Stenetrium ; 403

longipes (Arcturella) . : es3315) savignyi (restecheliay ; _ 339

scutifrons (Conilorpheus) . . 351

M serricauda (Apanthura) . . 339

Macrostylis Sars . : : . 411 | setosa (Astacilla) : . . 319

malleolus (Sphyrapus) : . 328 | Sphaeroma Bosc . . . - 358

mandibularis (Gnatholana) . 352 | SPHAEROMIDAE . . . 3858

mediterranea (Astacilla) . . 888 | SphyrapusN.& 8... . . 328

meinerti (Cirolana) . : . 848 | Spiniceps (Macrostylis) — . - 411

Mesostenus Sars . . ’ . 418 | spongicola (Gnathia) . . . 3832

Microniscus Miller. 319 | Stenetrii (Clypeoniscus) . . 431

minor (Gnathia spongicola var. ) 334 | STENETRIIDAE é 5 BOE

munidae (Pseudione) . A . 426 | Stenetrium Hasw. . . =o cysts

MUNNIDAE ; . 5 _ 408 | sulcifrons (Eurycope) ; . 421

MUNNOPSIDAE : : . 416

Munnopsoides Tatters . : . 416 T

TANAIDAE 2 : 6 B49)

N terebrans (Sphaer oma) : . 3858

tetrathele (Cymodoce) : . 3869

natalensis (Cymodoce japonica Trichapseudes (ng. Apseudi-

var.) ; . 366 diae) F . 325

natalensis (Eurydice) : . 319 | tridens (Trichapseudes) : 825

natalis (Artopoles) . . 877 | tripartita (Cymodoce tubercu-

nematocarcini (Hemiarthrus) . 4380 losa var.) J . 363

Neoarcturus Brnrd. . . 897 | tuberculosa (Cymodoce) : . 363

novae-zealandiae (Livonec a) . 358 “i

O uncinatus (Antias) . a Guill’)

ornatus (Arcturella) . . . 391 | UNrCormS (Holidotea). . . 382

ornatus (Microniscus ) : 5 lly, Vv

oudops (Neoarcturus) . : S ey VALVIFERA - a8

Vana Mein. . : : . 411

le vastator (Sphaeroma) . : . °358

PalaegygeG. & B.. ; . 424 | vicina (Cirolana). ; : . 846

palifrons (Cirolana) . : . 3849

papillosa (Paragigantione) 4.28 WwW

Paragigantione (n.g. Bopyadse) 428 | walkeri (Sphaeroma) . ; . 3860

Paramunna Sars. : . 408 :

Paranthura Bate & Westw. . 343 Z

Paratanais Dana, . . «. 829! ZuzaraLeach . . . . 360

436 Annals of the South African Museum.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

Puate XV.

. Apseudes agulhensis n. sp. Animal enlarged 17 times, peraeopods and uro-

pods omitted.

: australis n. sp. Animal enlarged 10 times, peraeopods and uropods

omitted.

. Trichapseudes tridens n. g. et sp. Animal enlarged 7 times, peraeopods

and uropods omitted.

” 9 6p Mandible.

» 9 30 Maxilliped.

» 93 Peraeopod 1.

” ” o Exopod of peraeopod 1.

9 9 i Exopod of peraeopod 2.

. Gnathia spongicola n. sp. Animal enlarged 7 times, antennae and peraeo-

pods omitted.

AS disjuncta n. sp. Animal enlarged 11 times, antennae and

peraeopods omitted.

. Apanthura serricauda n. sp. Maxilliped with apical joint further enlarged.

5 +5 AS Telson.

. Pseudanthura lateralis Rich. Telson and right uropod from above.

3 3 ~ Antenna 1.

Be 55 3 Peraeopod 1.

ee 3 ee Maxilliped.

. Cirolana littoralis n. sp. Frontal lamina,

ss meinerti n. sp. Frontal lamina.

“A fluviatilis Stebb. Frontal lamina.

. palifrons n. sp. Animal enlarged 5 times, peraeopods omitted.

“ a a Frontal lamina.

3 cingulata n.sp. Animal enlarged 5 times, peraeopods omitted.

_ os % Frontal lamina.

.. Gnatholana mandibularis n.g. et sp. Animal enlarged 6 times, peraeopods

omitted. :

3 33 9 Mandible.

. Zuzara furcifer n. sp. Peraeon segment 7, pleon, telson and right uropod.

” ” ip Epistome.

. Cymodoce tuberculosa Stebb. var. tripartita Rich, Pleon and telson with

uropods, ¢, sete

omitted.

PuaTE XVI.

Cymodoce japonica Rich var. natalensis n. Pleon and telson with uropods,

3, sete omitted.

~ “A i a The same, 2.

bi tetrathele n. sp. Pleonand telson with uropods, g, setae omitted,

3 cavicola n. sp. Pleon and telson with uropods, ¢.

” ” ” The same, 2) ‘

Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 487

. Cymodoce cryptodoma n. sp. Pleon and telson with uropods, g, setae

omitted.

+3 s The same, 2.

excavans n. sp. Pleon and telson with uropods, ¢, setae omitted.

5 3 The same, 9.

Cymodocella cancellata n. sp. Animal enlarged 7 times, peraeopods omitted.

”

Lateral view of peraeon segments 5-7, pleon

and telson.

cs Fp Male stylet on pleopod 2.

2 » Epistome.

Male appendages on peraeon segment 7.

” ”

. Cassidias africana n.sp. Pleon and telson with uropods, ¢, dorsal view.

The same in lateral view.

53 i The same, 9, dorsal view.

. Holidotea unicornis n.g.et sp. ¢ enlarged 6 times, antennae and peraeo-

pods omitted.

2 enlarged 5 times.

Head process of ¢ further enlarged, in

dorsal and lateral views.

a os Pleopod 1, 2.

Pleopod 1, g, and male appendage.

Peraeopod 1.

Arcturella pustulata n. sp. 2 enlarged 5 times, antennae and peraeopods

”)

omitted.

longipesn.sp. enlarged 43 times, only the left peraeopod 4

drawn in.

- Fr $ enlarged 43 times, antennae and peraeopods

omitted.

brevipesn.sp. 2 enlarged 45 times, only the right peraeopod 4

drawn in.

. Stenetrium dagama n.sp. Peraeopod 1, ¢.

Pe - Pleopod 1, 3.

diazi nu. sp. Peraeopod 1, ¢.

a 3 Peraeopod 1, 2.

a x Pleopod 1, ¢.

saldanha n. sp. Peraeopod 1, ¢.

Pleopod 1, ¢.

3? a2)

Puatrt XVII.

Janira angusta n. sp. Animal enlarged 14 times, peraeopods omitted.

Peraeopod 1, ¢.

Pleopod 1, ¢.

+, +>

+”? +>

Haploniscus dimeroceras n. sp. & enlarged 15 times.

Pleopod 1, ¢.

as 3 Pleopod 2, ¢.

» % Antenna 2, ¢.

438 Annals of the South African Museum.

29.

. Paramunna concavifrons n. sp. Peraeopod 1.

. Macrostylis spiniceps n. sp. Animal enlarged 13 times, with antenna 1, but

without peraeopods.

Pe 35 AA Pleopod 1, ¢ with apex further enlarged.

* as x Pleopod 2, 2.

. Rhabdomesus bacillopsis n. sp. Animal enlarged 10 times, with antenna 2

and peraeopods, as far as preserved,

drawn in.

. Ilychthonos capensis n. g. et sp. Animal enlarged 8 times, antenna 2 and

peraeopods omitted.

oF a 33 Pleopod 2, ¢.

3 5 Pleopod 1, ¢.

. Pseudomunnopsis beddardi (Tatt.). Pleopod 2, ¢.

Pleopod 1, ¢, with apex further enlarged.

39 3) bb]

. Eurycope fusiformis n. sp. Animal enlarged 10 times, antenna 2 and

peraeopods omitted.

Ps quadrata n. sp. Pleopod 2, 2.

a ee es Pleopod 1, g.

sulcifrons n. sp. Pleopod 1, @.

Pleopod 2, 2.

9 39 3?

. Palaegyge plesionikae n. sp. § enlarged 3 times, dorsal view.

g enlarged 14 times, ventral view, peraeopods

omitted.

33 > 33

. Pseudione munidae n. sp. & enlarged 34 times, dorsal view.

g enlarged 113 times, ventral view, peraeopods

omitted.

Paragigantione papillosa n. g. et sp. 2 enlarged 5} times, dorsal view, with

terminal pleon segment and uro-

pods further enlarged.

g enlarged 14 times, ventral view,

with terminal pleon segment and

uropods further enlarged, perae-

opods omitted.

39 33 ”

Annas. Acre. Mus. Vol. XVII.

K.F1.B. del. 7 _ Adlard & Son & Wi INg5 ete Tipr

SOUTH AFRICAN ISOPODA.

Ann. S. Afr. Mus. Vol. XVII PL. XVI.

Adlard & Son & W. N., Lid., i,

SOUTH AFRICAN ISOPODA.

PE. SV DE.

AVIT.

Anne S: Afr.

Mus. Vol.

KALB. dele

SOUTH AFRICAN ISOPODA.

( 439 )

12.—Contributions to the South African Arachnid Fauna. II—On

Some New South African Spiders of the Families Barychelidae,

Dipluridae, Eresidae, Zodariidae, Heracliidae, Urocteidae,

Clubionidae.—By R. W. E. Tucxsr, B.A., Assistant.

(With Plates XXVIII and XXIX.)

Famiry CTENIZIDAE.

Gen. IDIOPS, Perty.

Ip1ops puLuus, Tucker.

T. pullus, Tucker in Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. vol. 17, 1917, p. 88, text-figs.

2a and B.

In the original description the following amendments should be

made :

Carapace.—Equal to or slightly exceeding in length metatarsi I

and IV.

Eyes.—Anterior medians large, circular, and less than a diameter

from each other. Anterior laterals about 14-2 diameters from the

anterior medians.

Tarsi.—Tarsus I with a few fine spinules down the centre.

An additional specimen of this species is now to hand from

Kimberley. 1 ¢ (B. 4185) (Bro. J. H. Power).

This specimen is larger than the type, and presents the following

variations; the palp, tibia I and the majority of other characters,

however, are identical with the type.

Colowr.—Carapace brownish-red ; abdomen black dorsally, legs

reddish distally.

Carapace.—Bearing more conspicuous setose hairs than in the type.

Length equal to metatarsus IV, but subequal to metatarsus and to >

the tarsus of the Ist leg.

Chelicera.—With 5 teeth on each side of the groove.

Legs.—Metatarsus I with 2 spmes down the inner side. Spinules

on patella III scanty and scarcely distinguishable from the stouter

hairs. Spinules on patella TV confined to 3 or 4 at the base of the

anterior band of bristles.

44.0 Annals of the South African Museum.

Measurements.—Length of carapace 7 mm.; width 6:1 mm.; cheli-

cera to end of abdomen, 17 mm.; Ist leg 27 mm., 4th leg 26 mm.

long.

These differences again illustrate the amount of variation in size

and spination, ete., according to the locality of the specimen.

Famity BARYCHELIDAE.

Gen. DIPLOTHELE, Cambr.

DIPLOTHELE MACEQUECE, N. sp.

Specimens.—1 9 (No. B 2648, Type), from forest on Vengo Mts.,

Macequece, Portug. E. Africa (Major Conolly, 10/16).

Colour.—Darker than D. arcturus, Tucker (Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol.

17, p. 118, 1917) ; carapace dark brown with radiate infuscations and

sparse scattered hairs; abdomen dark above, no spots being apparent

in its wrinkled condition ; ventral surface slightly lighter. Sternum

and coxe medium golden brown; legs dark brown with olivaceous

infusecations.

Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia, metatarsus and tarsus of Ist

leg, and subequal to patella, tibia and metatarsus of 2nd leg (in

arcturus, length equals patella, tibia, and = metatarsus of 2nd leg) ;

4th legs missing. Fovea well marked, straight, and nearly as wide as

the ocular tubercle. Ocular area much wider than long.

Hyes.—Anterior laterals situated on anterior edge of carapace and

separated by more than their own long diameter; equal or subequal

in area to the anterior medians; the latter less than a diameter

apart, and about a diameter behind the anterior laterals. Posterior

laterals long, oval and slightly smaller than the anterior laterals ;

posterior medians small and nearly touching both anterior medians

and posterior laterals.

Sternwm.—Longer than broad (breadth slightly exceeds # length).

Sigilla as in arcturus.

Labiwm.—Not quite twice as wide as long and bearing 1-2 teeth.

Coxae of pedipalps with 8-12 teeth,

Chelicera.—Bearing no rastellum; bristles weaker than arcturus,

dentition similar.

Legs.—Auterior tarsi with no clavate hairs on upper surface. Setal

band on tarsi very faint. Metatarsus II with 1 strong spine on under

surface basally. Other legs missing.

Contributions to the South African Arachnid Fauna. 44.1

Pedipalps.—Scopula of tarsus divided by a weak line of setae ;

tibia with 2 weak apical spines on under surface.

Vulval plate with a pair of round dark marks showing near posterior

hp centrally.

Measurements.—Chelicera to end of abdomen 18°5 mm. Carapace

6 mm. long, 5 mm. wide.

A small subadult @ from the same locality appears to bea different

species from the above.

Famity DIPLURIDAE.

The specimens identified by Dr. Purcell in Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. 3,

p. 106, 1903, should not have been referred to T'helechoris as defined

in Hist. Nat. des Araign., p. 187, since on examination the type

specimen of 7. australis, Pure., does not agree with the description

of that genus. Hence my conclusion (Ann. S. Afr. Mus., vol. 17,

p. 119, 1917), based on the type ? of australis, that the ¢ of this

species of Thelechoris proved that Thelechoris was not synonymous

with Ischnothele, is no longer valid. Thelechoris and Ischnothele

are synonymous, as stated by Simon. Neither are the specimens

in question referable to Evagrus, from which genus they appreciably

differ. Hewitt poimts out (Ann. Durb. Mus., vol. 1, pp. 182-3)

that Evagrus caffer, Poc., and T. australis, Pure., undoubtedly belong

to the same genus, which is not Hvagrus and cannot be Ischnothele

(Thelechoris) ; hence, as he suggests, it is advisable to create a new

genus, for which I propose the name Allothele.

The principal differences between Hvagrus and Allothele are that in

Evagrus (following Ausserer’s description) the spinners are shorter

than the abdomen; the Ist and 2nd pairs of legs are stouter in build

than the remainder ; tibia I is swollen and armed below and partly

also on the inside with numerous very strong long spines; tibia IT

is short and very thick with a projecting tubercle on the inside, on

the end of which are 3 very long spines ; also numerous shorter spines

on saddle-shaped depression, on the outside; metatarsus IIT has two

projecting tubercles below, the larger on the inside, in the upper

quarter, the smaller outside in the upper third; from both there runs

a sharp keel down the length of the metatarsus.

These and other characters distinguish Hvagrus from the following:

Gen. ALLOTHELE, n. gen.

Cephalothorax moderately convex, one-fifth longer than broad ;

fovea slightly recurved. Ocular tubercle at least twice as broad as

442 Annals of the South African Museum.

long in ?; anterior lateral eyes a short diameter from the anterior

border of the carapace. Anterior row of eyes strongly procurved,.

medians round and smaller than the oval laterals. Posterior row

practically straight ; medians smaller than the anterior medians, long

oval, and touching the laterals, which are considerably larger, but

themselves a little smaller than, and narrowly separated from, the

anterior laterals. Sternum slightly longer than broad; labium less

than twice as broad as long, rounded apically and muticous. Chelicera

with teeth on inner border only. Legs moderately long and robust ;

tibiae of Ist two pairs not thickened in 2? and only slightly in 2nd

legs of 6; order of legs in ¢ 4,3,2,1,in 2 4,3,1,2. Tarsi not

scopulate, claws with a single row of 5-7 teeth in ¢ and 8-10 in the

Q. Abdomen dark, without stripes or lighter marking as in Ischno-

thele. Superior spinners keeled on the under surface ; longer than

the abdomen, considerably longer than the carapace, and resembling

those of Ischnothele. Tarsus of ¢ palp short; palpal organ puiri-

form, elongate, curved, and reaching beyond the tibia. First leg

normal; 2nd leg bearing on the under surface of the tibia a median

projection curving upwards and armed with 2-3 teeth ; tibia consider-

ably longer than broad; metatarsus bearing a small sub-basal tubercle,

armed on the side or base with a stout spine.

On examination of the types of EH. caffer, Poc., and JT. australis,

Purc., they appear to be identical and to belong to the genus Allothele.

Thus the specimens referred by me in Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. 17,

p. 120, to 7. australis, now become Allothele caffer.

The 9 2 unfortunately appear to lack clearly defined specific

characters, and in the absence of the ¢ ¢ cannot with certainty be

separated into species ; size and markings vary to a certain extent,

but the relative proportions do not vary sufficiently or with the neces-

sary constancy to be specific. The eyes also vary, but only the ? 9

from Cookhouse (B 2402) seem at all distinct; in these specimens

the median eyes are very small, also the abdomen is flecked (in alcohol)

with numerous lighter spots; provisionally they are classed as A.

australis, though with the advent of the @ they will most probably

prove to be a distinct species.

The following species could only be separated from A. australis on

the ¢ characters.

ALLOTHELE TERETIS, n. sp. (Plate XXVIII, figs. 1 a—c).

Specimens.—1 ¢, 2 2 2, and 2 juv. (4021, Types), M’fongosi,

Zululand (W. E. Jones, 2/18).

Contributions to the South African Arachnid Fauna. 443

9. Colowr,—Carapace medium to dark brown, with darker border

and mottling; legs similar in colour; abdomen unrelieved purple-

black on the dorsal surface; spinners lighter, each segment dark

rimmed apically ; under surface slightly lighter.

Carapace—Equal to tibia, metatarsus and 3-2 tarsus I, and to

metatarsus and tarsus IV. Radiating stria from transverse fovea

moderately deep.

Eyes.—Anterior row procurved so that a line tangential to the bases

of the medians would barely cut the upper borders of the laterals.

Medians small, round, about 2 of a diameter apart, shehtly nearer to

the laterals, which are large, and broadly oval. Posterior medians

small, long oval and touching the laterals, which are smaller than the

anterior laterals and close to them. Anterior eyes about 3} a short

diameter from the anterior border of the carapace.

Chelicera.—Bearing 9-11 large and small teeth on the inner border

of the groove; base of the groove furnished with about 20 denticles

irregularly placed.

Sternum.—Bearing 3 faint sigilla, opposite coxa I, and approxi-

mately opposite the junctions of coxae 2 and 8 and 3 and 4 respectively,

Legs.—Tarsi and metatarsi without scopulae. Tarsal claws long

and bearing a single row of about 10 teeth which become smaller and

denser basally ; the small lower tarsal claw is also toothed. Anterior

tarsi with 1 or 2, and posterior tarsi with 3 or 4 spines; legs other-

wise bearing long spines and long stout hairs. Order of legs 4, 3, 1, 2,

the difference in length between 1 and 2 being slight.

Spinners.—Longer than the abdomen and considerably longer than

the carapace; keeled on the under surface ; the under surface is also

flecked with white spots, in the centre of each of which is a spigot.

Measurements ——Carapace 4°9 mm. long, 3°99 mm. wide. Abdomen

5°7 mm. in length, spinners 6°5 mm.

S$. Colowr.—Slightly lighter than the 9°.

Carapace.—As long as metatarsus IV, and equal to metatarsus and

tarsus 1. Cf. australis.

Eyes.—As in @? save that the anterior medians are a little nearer to

each other than to the laterals; the latter are also nearly their short

diameter from the anterior margin of the carapace.

Chelicera.—Inner border with 11 large and small teeth; base of

groove with a line of 5 denticles and a number of minute spinules.

Sternum.—With 8 sigilla.

Legs.—In order 4, 3, 2, 1; the difference between 2 and 3 is slight.

Tarsi not scopulate, but bearing spines ; metatarsi and tibiae heavily

spined. First leg normal; metatarsus and tibia of 2nd leg as in

444. Annals of the South African Museum.

Plate XXVIII, fig. 1c; tibial projection lower down than in australis

and bearing 2 teeth only.

Pedipalps.—Tibia, tarsus and palpal organ as in figs. 1 a and B.

Palpal organ longer and more slender than in australis.

Spinners.—Mutilated.

Measurements.—Length of carapace 3:7 mm.; total length 8°5 mm.

Length of 4th leg 12-9 mm., 5rd leg 11 mm., 1st leg 10 mm.

Gren. ISCHNOTHELE, Auss.

IscHNOTHELE CASSETTI, Nl. Sp.

Specimens.—One ? (B 4666, Type), Pemba, N. Rhodesia (Fr.

Cassett, 8/19).

Colour.—Carapace dull brown, lighter laterally and posteriorly ;

legs lighter brown than the carapace; abdomen dull black, dorsal

surface with about 4 inconspicuous patches of white hair; sternum,

coxae, etc., medium brown.

Carapace.—As broad as long; length equal to tibia, metatarsus

and 2 tarsus I, and to metatarsus and } tarsus IV; fovea slightly

procurved at the bottom.

Hyes.—Anterior medians round, a radius apart and more from the

laterals ; laterals close to the anterior border of the carapace, long,

oval and equal or subequal in area to the medians. Posterior row

straight to procurved; medians small and flat, almost touching the

laterals, which are smaller than the anterior laterals.

Labium.—At least twice as broad as long; apex with a very few

minute pale denticles.

Mazillae.—With an area of sharp denticles stretching along the

anterior portion from the base to 2 of the length.

Sternum.—As long as broad, and with 3 distinct sigilla on each

side.

Chelicera.—Outer margin with 8 teeth and 4 smaller ones basally on

the inside of the row of 8; also 1 small tooth more towards the centre

of the groove; inner row with 6 large teeth.

Spinners.—Equal in length to tibia, metatarsus and { tarsus LV.

Legs.—In order 4, 3, 2, 1; clothed with long hairs, bristles, and

moderately well spined ; tarsi not scopulate, but bearing bristles and

fine spines, which are stouter on the posterior legs.

Measurements.—Length and breadth of carapace 6 mm. ; total

length (carapace and abdomen) 15 mm.; spinners 10 mm.; legs 18;

15°7, 14. 13-s emma

Contributions to the South African Arachnid Fauna. 445

Faminy HRESIDAK.

Gen. ERESUS, Walck.

ERESUS PURCELLI, n. sp. (Plate XXIX, fig. it)

Specimens.—One 9 (No. B 2435, Type), E. London (Dr. W. F.

Purcell, 9/05).

Colour.—Cephalothorax almost black, becoming redder posteriorly,

and with a light border above the pedicel; chelicera black, legs

reddish-brown in colour, posterior ones slightly lighter, anterior ones

darker distally. Abdomen dull testaceous in colour, and with short

scanty hairs only; no white rings round dorsal stigmata; under

surface infuscated around spinners. Sternum dark red brown, coxae

and under surface of legs slightly lighter.

Cephalothorax.—Surface clothed with appressed dark ‘hairs ; punc-

tate, but not spined. Length equal to patella, tibia and metatarsus of

Ist leg, and very slightly exceeding tibia, metatarsus and tarsus ;

width equal to patella and tibia, and slightly exceeding metatarsus

and tarsus of Ist leg; also reaches from fovea to hind margin of

posterior median eyes. Cephalic portion raised, but not abruptly,

above thoracic portion, both being approximately equal in width.

Eyes.—Posterior medians large; about 1; diameters apart, and

about 2 diameters from the anterior laterals ; otherwise as in H. nama-

quensis (Pure.).

Sternum and chelicera spineless.

Legs.—Without spines on coxae or femora, or on patellae of anterior

legs, but clothed with long hairs as in EL. namaquensis.

Pedipalps.—With some long bristle-like spines on inner and under

surfaces of tarsus ; otherwise spineless.

Vulva.—As in Plate XXIX, fig. 1.

Measurements.—Total length 17°5 mm. long. Carapace 6 mm. long

and 4mm. wide. Though only one specimen is available for descrip-

tion, the species has been founded since the lack of spines on the

under surface of femora, coxae, etc., of Ist two pairs of legs, and from

the sternum and carapace is apparently unusual in the 8. African

species of this genus.

ERESUS DEPRESSUS, n. sp. (Plate XXIX, fig. 2 a—s).

Specimens.—Numerous ¢? 9 from Hanover and _ neighbouring

localities (Types, No. 12852). Collected by Mr. 8. C. Cronwright

446 Annals of the South African Museum.

Schreiner ( 2 Sept. to Jan., Cocoon in Dec.) Also 2 ¢ ¢ from the

same locality.

The @ of this species was named but no description published by

Purcell.

Colowr.—Carapace red-black, clothed with dark hairs with a some-

what rufous sheen ; chelicera reddish-black, legs slightly browner than

carapace, and similarly clothed; posterior legs slightly lighter; anterior

legs darken and become redder distally. Abdomen dull to infuscated

testaceous sometimes, slightly mottled with lighter spots; dorsal

stigmata white-ringed. Upper surface clothed with blackish and white

hairs; the latter, as in HL. fumosus, forming a number of white spots

on dorsal surface and short lines on lateral surfaces. Sternum, coxae,

etc., dark to medium brown.

Cephalothorax.—Comparatively flat (fig. 2B) and slopes gradually

to posterior border, with no abrupt grade between cephalic and thoracic

portions as in H. fuwmosus. Thoracic portion only very slightly wider

than cephalic portion, latter not spined, even at anterior sides, but

furnished with stout bristles, often short or broken, and having a

spinose appearance. Length of carapace subequal to patella, tibia and

metatarsus, and equal to or barely exceeding tibia, metatarsus and

tarsus of Ist leg. Width slightly less than from fovea to hind margins

of posterior median eyes, and equal to tibia and } metatarsus and to

patella and tibia of Ist leg.

Hyes.— Posterior medians of medium size, and 14—2 diameters apart

(sometimes only 1 diameter apart or more than 2), and much less

than 3 diameters from anterior laterals ; anterior medians with their

centres about on a line joining the anterior borders of the posterior

median eyes.

Sternum and coxae without spinules and clothed with moderately

long hairs.

Legs.—Femora of Ist and 2nd legs with numerous fairly long

spinules on under surface as well as long hairs; 3rd and 4th femora

with a clothing of long hairs but no spinules below. Patellae of

anterior legs without spinules.

Pedipalps—With long fine spines distally on imner and under

surface of tarsus and on inner side of tibia; femur with some long

and short bristles on the under surface, but with no spinules.

7ulva as in Plate XXIX, fig. 24. Dark inner portion of lateral

depression larger than in specimen depicted.

Measurements.—Total length 15 mm.; carapace 5°5 mm. long and

34 mm. wide (ratio of length to width usually about 16:1; in fumosus

it is generally 1:4: 1).

Contributions to the South African Arachnid Fauna. 447

Specimens.—1 g (No. 14479), Poortjesfontein, Hanover (Master

Neser, 1905). 1 ¢ (No. 9463), Hanover (8. C. Schreiner, 10/01).

3. Colour.—Carapace orange-red ; legs and palp yellowish-brown,

anterior legs very slightly darker distally. Abdomen infuscated dull

testaceous, darker on under surface. Sternum dark brown, coxae and

under sides of legs pale brown. Legs and abdomen clothed with

yellowish hairs, with whitish ones intermingled.

Carapace.—Cephalic portion very slightly raised, but not more so

than thoracic portion (in specimen from Poortjesfontein the cephalic

portion appears lower, and is separated from the thoracic by a faint

line across the fovea); both clothed with scanty whitish hairs, those

immediately anterior to fovea being yellowish in colour. Proportion

of carapace to legs as in H. fumosus.

Hyes.—Posterior medians 2 diameters from each other and from

anterior laterals; centres of anterior medians slightly below the lne

joining anterior borders of posterior median eyes; otherwise as in

fumosus.

Sternum, legs, ete., without spinules.

Legs.—Metatarsus I without spines at apex on under surface ;

metatarsus IT with 1-2,and metatarsi III and IV with about 2 spines

apically on under surface.

Pedipalps.—As in E. fumosus (Plate XXIX, fig. 3), save that in the

Poortjesfontein specimen, seen from below, the internal outer side of

the palpal organ appears swollen and crowded into the inner side; in

the Hanover specimen the portion “a,” which in the former is crowded

into the top right-hand corner, is scarcely visible at all, but, as in the

former also, the portion ‘‘b”’ appears enlarged over the lower surface.

Measurements.—Total length 5°5 mm.; carapace 2°8 mm. long and

1:7 mm. wide. No. 14479 was slightly larger, being 6-5 mm. long

and 2°9 and 1:8 mm. in carapace.

ERESUS ECHINATUS, Pure.

1908. Eresus echinatus, Purcell in Schultzes Reise, Zool. Bd. 1,

Denksch. med.-natur. Gesell. vol. 18, 2, p. 223, Jena.

Specimens.—l1 2 (No. 14426), from Namaqualand (G. Alston, 1905).

This example, though much larger than that described by Dr.

Purcell, agrees with the type-specimen and description, with the

following shght differences: Width of cephalothorax equal to tibia

and metatarsus, and to patella, tibia and metatarsus of Ist leg; also

reaches from fovea to a point half an eye’s diameter from the posterior

median eyes. The latter are nearly 2 diameters apart, and at least

or over 5 diameters froin the anterior laterals.

4.48 Annals of the South African Museum.

Measurements.—Total length 21 mm.; leneth of cephalothorax

10 mm., width 7 mm. A @ specimen (No. 14666) from Pokwani,

though sub-adult, seems referable to this species. The species is also

recorded from Kimberley.

Eresvus Fumosvs, Koch (Plate XXIX, figs. 3 and 2c).

1887-9. E. fumosus, C. Koch, Arach. vol. 4, p. 100, f. 314. Type 9.

1864. Hresus (Eresa) fumosa, Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. p. 300. 9.

1865. EH. bubo, L. Koch, Verh. Zool. bot. Ges. Wien, Bd. 15, p. 878. 9.

1907. HE. fumosus, Strand, Zool. Jahrb. Jena. Abt. F. Syst. vol. 5, 25,

p. 564. 9.

1908. EF. fumosus, Purcell in Schultzes Reise, Zool. Bd. 1, 9. Jena.

Denkschr. Med. Ges. v, 13, p, 222.

Specimens.— g (No. B 1600) from Naauwpoort, near Hanover (Dr.

W. F. Purcell, 10/05).

Colour.—Carapace dark, black-red; legs and palp slightly lighter

and browner. Abdomen infuscated testaceous, slightly darker on

under surface and sparsely covered with short whitish hairs and

longer darker ones; dorsal sigilla white ringed, and posterior to

sigilla are 4-5 light oblique markings sloping down from central

line. Sternum, coxae, etc., dark brown; legs covered with pale hairs

having a whitish sheen.

Carapace.—Well but not abruptly arched anterior to fovea (ef.

Plate XXIX, fig. 2c, 9); also slightly arched posterior to fovea, thus

leaving a more level, fan-shaped area on each side from fovea to border.

Surface finely granular and covered in centre with dull olivaceous

hairs, which become lighter and whiter anteriorly on ocular area, and

posteriorly to fovea ; apparently with no spines but with some short

stout bristles. Carapace equal in length to patella, tibia and 3 of

metatarsus, and subequal to tibia and metatarsus of Ist leg; also

equal to tibia, metatarsus and } tarsus of 4th leg. Width equal to

distance from fovea to hind margins of posterior median eyes, and

equal to metatarsus and 2 of the tarsus, and to patella and ¢, or

slightly more, of tibia of first leg. Thoracic portion broader than

cephalic.

Eyes.—Posterior medians about 12 diameters apart, and about 2

diameters from anterior laterals. Centres of anterior medians on or

slightly below a line joining lower margins of posterior median eyes ;

posterior laterals slightly nearer together than anterior laterals.

Ocular area not quite 3 times as wide as long.

Contributions to the South African Arachnid Fauna. 449

Sternum and coxae of legs spineless, but former with stiff bristles

anteriorly.

Legs.—Femora and patellae of anterior legs spineless but clothed

with moderately long stiffish hairs (often the criss-crossing of hairs.

at their bases produces the appearance of short spinules mixed with

them). Metatarsi with a few apical spines on under surface; Ist leg

with 1-3, 2nd and 4th with 4-6, and 3rd with 7-8. Dorsal claws on

4th leg with 7-8 teeth in a single row, basally ; distal ones long, basal

ones short and fine.

Pedipalps.—Palpal organ as in fig. 3; resembling a coiled spring

in appearance, the terminal hair-like process of which is apparently

inserted round the hollow interior of the crescent-shaped projection

shown in the diagram of palp, and is often found subsequently coiled

round in the interior vaginal convolution of the ? vulva, and with

the broken end projecting exteriorly.

Abdomen. With two small oval plates above genital aperture.

Measurements.—Leneth 10°6 mm.; carapace 5 mm. long, and

3°l1 mm. wide.

It may be noticed that at Hanover two species of Eresidae are

found, namely E. fumosus and EH. depressus; the latter is distinct

in size, disposition of spinules, and to a slight extent is lighter in

colour, and has the cephalic region of the carapace much _ less

prominently raised than in fumosus.

Several ¢ ¢ also from Hanover show rather less distinctive

features than the 9 9; there are no spinules, and, as in the ? ?,

the proportion of the carapace to the legs and the appearance of

the sexual organs are much the same. As however the two forms,

namely, large and dark and with arched cephalic region on carapace,.

and small, light, and with flattened carapace, are present in the

foo as in the @ 9, the first-mentioned forms have been assumed

to be fumosus and the latter depressus; in the latter case there is also

a very slight difference in the palpal organ.

Although the two species are distinct around Hanover, what are

apparently intermediate forms occur elsewhere, as at Graaff Reinet

(No. 12571, 6, 2 and juv.).

Around the Cape districts specimens resembling EF. echinatus occur,

but differ in colour in that the upper surfaces of the legs, especially

patellae and tibiae, are paler than the under surfaces, and in some

cases are even light yellow in colour; these may be newly moulted

and insufficiently hardened specimens, although adult. The same

may be the case with a ¢ from the Cape Province (no exact locality)

which has soft pale legs—anterior tarsi and metatarsi hardened and.

4.50 Annals of the South African Museum.

darkened—and which may belong to these 2 2 but has no differences

from EF. fumosus, apart from colour.

It may be that the Cape specimens form a species of their own,

but the differences from H. fumosus and EL. echinatus are comparatively

shght, and the variations which occur in the specimens make it

advisable to leave their identity an open question.

A fg (No. 1207) from Bergvliet, Cape Flats, has the palpal organ

exactly as in fumosus, but the cephalic portion of the carapace not so

much raised (thus resembling depressus), and is as indecisive as the

Graaff Reinet specimen.

Key to Species.

The South African Hresidae adequately described can be identified

as follows:

I. Spinules on sternum, coxae, and femora of anterior legs, and on sides

of carapace.

(a.) Sternum thickly covered with minute, sharp spinules; coxae

and femora I and II densely spinulose; coxae and femur III

slightly less so. Patellae I and II densely but shortly

spinulose on anterior side.

(a/.) Large, dark in colour, and with cephalic portion of carapace

well raised above thoracic : : . E. fumosus.

(b.) Sternum with a few scattered spinules anteriorly, and hairs

thickening at base anteriorly. Coxae I and II with a few

appressed spinules on anterior and posterior surfaces ; femora

I and II thickly covered below with spinules, III less so.

Patellae without spinules.

(b’.) Medium size, dark in colour, and with cephalic portion of

carapace well raised above thoracic : . E. echinatus.

(c.) Sternum with no spinules, but with hairs thickening slightly

at base anteriorly ; no spinules on coxae, patellae, or carapace ;

spinules and long hairs on femora I and II, long hairs only

on III.

(c’.) Medium size, moderately light in colour, and with cephalic

portion of carapace only slightly and gradually raised above

thoracic . ; : : ‘ . E. depressus.

II. No spinules on sternum, legs, or carapace.

(a.) Carapace less than tibia, metatarsus and tarsus of Ist leg;

cephalic portion depressed, flattened, scarcely raised above

thoracic portion, and narrower than latter E. namaquensis.

(b.) Carapace slightly exceeding tibia, metatarsus and tarsus of

Ist leg; cephalic portion raised, but not abruptly, above

thoracic portion, and both approximately equal in width

E. purcelli.

Contributions to the South African Arachnid Fauna. 45H

Gren. ADONEA, Sm.

ADONEA VARIEGATA, Pure.

1904. Adonea variegata, Pure. Tr. 8. Afr. Phil. Soc. oy Lads 2.

1908. Es X ,» in L. Sehultzes Reise, Zool. Bd. 1,

Jena. Denkschr. med.-natur. Gesell.

VOL Md. pa Ags o%.

Specimens.— ? (No. B 2075) from Voigtsgrund, and 2 sub-adult

@ 2 (No. B 2058) from Ababis, S.W. Africa (R. W. Tucker, 19/12/15

and 30/12/15. Percy Sladen Memorial Expedition).

The specimen from Voigtsgrund (8.E. Maltahohe) and one from

Ababis appear at first to be distinct from A. variegata; not only are

they much darker and redder in colour, but their legs ave relatively

longer and the vulva appears slightly different in that the central

subquadrate pan figured in Purcell’s description (loc. cit.) is in-

complete, being in fact shaped lke a low broad M,; it is probable,

however, that the central point has yet to grow down over the softer

tissue below, and so complete the “ pan.”

The differences noted do not seem sufficient on the material to-

hand to separate them as a distinct species, but have been ascribed

to the varietal range of the one species.

The measurements noted for the specimens are as follows:

Carapace equal in length to the tibia, metatarsus and tarsus of

Ist leg, and equal or subequal to patella, tibia and metatarsus of Ist

leg; breadth equal to metatarsus and } tarsus of Ist leg, and slightly

exceeds metatarsus and tarsus of 4th leg; total length 13 mm.;

carapace 6°5 mm. long and 3:5 min. wide; Ist leg (to coxa) 12 mm.,

4th leg 13°6 mm. In Pureell’s type-specimens the carapace usually

equals patella, tibia, metatarsus and 4+ tarsus of Ist leg, and the

breadth equals metatarsus and 2 of tarsus, and was much greater than

metatarsus and tarsus of 4th leg; and in addition the legs were

shorter than the above; some of the specimens varied still more.

The remaining specimen from Ababis, however, differed but very

slightly from the above measurements of type-specimens, hence the

species has been taken as occurring in the localities mentioned above.

ADONEA PARVA n. sp. (Plate XXVIII, fig. 2).

Specimens—One g (No. B 3701, Type), Junction of Marico and

Crocodile Rivers, N.W. Transvaal (R. W. Tucker, 1-2/18).

Colowr.—Carapace red, shading to brown posteriorly ; clothed with

appressed white hairs. Chelicera red, becoming browner apically ;.

452 Annals of the South African Museum.

clothed basally with white hairs and apically with dark hairs.

Abdomen testaceous with a shghtly darker median band; hairs fine

and light in colour; under surface dark, genital fold with a pale

border. Sternum reddish-black, coxae infuscated brown, legs brown,

tarsi slightly redder; femora infuscated, especially on the under

surface. When dry the specimen appears dirty white in colour.

Carapace.—Surface coarsely punctate ; length slightly exceeding the

patella, tibia and metatarsus, and equal to the tibia, metatarsus and

tarsus of the Ist leg; width equal to or slightly exceeding the tibia

and metatarsus, and the patella, tibia and metatarsus of the Ist leg;

also extending from the fovea to the posterior median eyes. Cephalic

portion slopes shghtly upwards from the anterior border to the pos-

terior lateral eyes, thence level to the fovea, and then sloping, but not

abruptly, to the posterior border.

Hyes.—Posterior median 13; diameters apart, and 5 or 6 times as

large as the anterior medians. Ocular area 14 times as broad as long.

Sternum.—Surface punctate ; length 1% times the greatest breadth.

Legs.—Metatarsus I bearing 2 apical spines on the under surface ;

metatarsus with 5 apical spines on the under surface; metatarsus III

with 5 and metatarsus IV with 5-6 apical and 2 other spines down

the centre of the under surface. Metatarsus IV slightly shorter than

tibia IV. Calamistrum apparently absent. Tarsi IV, III and II

with spines and bristles on the under surface, decreasing to a few

bristles on tarsus I. Claw on [Vth tarsus with 7-8 strong teeth.

Cribellum.—Two small plates at the base of the inferior spinners,

with an anterior strip of clear tissue furnished on either side with

distinct muscle sigilla, having the appearance of extra cribellal plates.

Pedipalps.—As in figure.

Measurements.—Total length 6mm. Carapace 2°9 mm. long, 2°2 mm.

broad.

Gren. STEGODYPHUS, Sim.

STEGODYPHUS DESERTICOLA, Pure.

1908. Stegodyphus deserticola, Pure. in L. Schultzes Reise, Zool. Bd. 1,

p. 2i¢, pk Tipo, and 22

Specimens.—2 ¢ SJ and 33 2? 9,1 juv. (Nos. B 2152 and 2157),

from Gurumanas, S.W. Africa (R. W. Tucker, 7-8/1/16. Percy

Sladen Memorial Expedition).

The specimens coincide with Purcell’s description, with the shght

exception that the cephalothorax is more orange than red in colour,

the anterior legs do not redden appreciably distally, and the “ yellow”’

a e a wie . 9

Contributions to the South African Arachnid Fauna. 453

hairs are in general a bright orange colour. The ¢ ¢ (apparently

newly moulted) were still less red in colour, and the orange hairs on

ocular tubercle were very scanty.

The species is gregarious and lives in nests constructed on thorny

bushes or small acacias; the central, inhabited portion of the nest is

composed of dense matted silk, often combined either intentionally or

most probably by wind agency with very fine sand, and interwoven

with wings and bodies, etc., of various insects captured by the colony.

The latter live in the tunnels of the central mass, and their prey is

caught by the large outer network spread over the bush surrounding

the central mass. The spiders themselves were fairly sluggish when

disturbed ; in one nest egg capsules of the circular tabloid shape

common to the Hresidae were fairly plentiful; in others the young

spiders had already hatched out, and in some cases were forming

their own communities.

Specimens (No. B2111) from Haris, S. of Windhuk, S.W. Africa

(R. W. Tucker, 9/1/16), were sub-adult 2 9 (7 mm. long), paler, with

less white hairs and scarcely any orange ones; carapace was also

longer relative to the legs, being equal to tibia, metatarsus, and } or

more of tarsus of Ist leg. These specimens, however, and others

coincide with the young specimens of deserticola, and the above and

following localities in S.W. Africa can be no doubt added to those in

which S. deserticola is to be found—Namsem, Kabiras, Nauchas, Areb,

Choaberib and 8.W. Windhuk—at all of which specimens were taken.

Gen. DRESSERUS, Sim.

DRESSERUS COLSONI, n. sp. (Plate XXIX, fig. 4).

Specimens.—2 2 2 and juvs. (No. 18172, Types) and 2 ? 2 (No.

13556) from Lydenburg, Transvaal (R. Colson, 11—-12/03 and /04).

Colour.—In spirits carapace is dark red; chelicera very slightly

darker; legs reddish-brown, anterior ones darker; abdomen dull

testaceous brown, covered with short dark hairs. Sternum and coxae

medium brown; mouth-parts slightly redder. :

Carapace-—Equal in length to tibia, metatarsus and tarsus, and

to patella, tibia and + metarsus of the Ist leg; and to the patella,

tibia and * metatarsus of the 4th leg. Width subequal to the tibia

and metatarsus of the Ist leg, and reaching from the bottom of the

fovea to the anterior median eyes. Cephalic portion of carapace fairly

well raised above the thoracic.

Eyes.—Posterior medians 1} diameters apart; in area 4-5 times the

size of the anterior medians, the centres of which lie on or above the

454 Annals of the South African Museum.

line joining the lower borders of ‘the anterior medians. Anterior

laterals slightly more than 3 times the posterior medians’ diameter

from the latter. Ocular area barely 3 times as wide as long.

Sternuwm.—Less than twice as long as wide.

Legs.—Metatarsus IV with 4-5 moderately long fine spines apically

on the under surface; legs otherwise spineless.

Vulva.—As in figure.

Measurements.—Leneth of carapace 4°5 mm.; breadth 4 mm. (ratio

of length to width 12:1). Total length 16 mm.

DRESSERUS KANNEMEYERI, n. sp. (Plate XXIX, figs. 5 a-c and 7c).

Specimens.—1 ¢ (No. B27) and 3 2? 2? (No. B 242), Types; and

4 99 (No. 14612) from Smithfield, O.F.S. (Dr. D. R. Kannemever,

12/09).

dg. Colowr.—Carapace very dark, black-red ; clothed with short,

appressed, dull white hairs over entire surface (save for posterior

border), and with long olivaceous black hairs at sides and posterior

border of cephalic portion, and to a less extent anteriorly. Chelicera

reddish-black, darker anteriorly, and clothed with long olive-black

hairs. Abdomen dull testaceous, clothed with moderately long olive-

black hairs and short sparse white ones, thus giving a slightly mottled

appearance, and with 4-5 broad arrow-head markings dorsally pos-

terior to sigilla; under surface infuscated around and above spinners

and cribellum. Legs reddish-brown and slightly infuscated ; meta-

tarsi lighter and redder, especially metatarsus I; tarsi darker. Hairs

on legs dark olivaceous in colour. Sternum, labium and coxae of

pedipalps reddish-brown in colour ; coxae of legs olivaceous brown.

Carapace.—Surface finely reticulate. Equal in length to patella,

tibia and % metatarsus, and slightly less than tibia, metatarsus and

tarsus of Ist leg. Width equal to or slightly exceeding tibia and meta-

tarsus, and equal to patella, tibia and 2 metatarsus of Ist leg; it also

exceeds the distance from fovea to front of ocular tubercle by # or

more of the length of the tubercle. Seen from above, the carapace

does not appreciably narrow anteriorly, although the widest portion is,

as in D. rostratus (Pure.), behind the posterior lateral eyes. Cephalic

portion is also very flat and slopes slightly from posterior border to

anterior, i.e. highest portion posteriorly (see fig. 7c). Ocular

projections as in rostratus, armatus and subarmatus; base of each

anterior lateral tubercle stretches as a faint blunt ridge to posterior

lateral eyes.

Hyes.—Posterior medians about 2 diameters apart and 4—5 times as

large as the anterior medians. Posterior laterals wider apart than

Contributions to the South African Arachnid Fauna. 455

anterior laterals, as in swharmatus, but forming with anterior laterals

an area 23 times as wide as long.

Abdomen.—Genital orifice surmounted by 2 small oval plates fringed

over with hairs, and with 2 vertical rows above composed each of

3 muscle attachment stigmata.

Cribellum.—As in fig. 58. Basal portion in diagram is anterior

border in specimen.

Chelicera.—Moderately long, with fairly stiff hairs on anterior

border of fang groove, and with a few small blunt denticles on

posterior border of groove at base of the inner cheliceral projection.

Sternum.—Twice as long as wide.

Labium and coxae of pedipalps with slight lateral depressions

across them.

Legs.—Metatarsus I straight, red and spineless; metatarsus IT

straight, duller in colour, and with 2-3 spines apically on under

surface; metatarsus JIT with numerous, and metatarsus IV with 7-8

long slender spines apically on under surface. Calamistrum weak.

Tarsus IV without spines, but with dense stout black bristles on

under surface; other tarsi also with bristles on under surfaces, but

becoming finer and sparser anteriorly. Tarsal claws of 4th leg with

a single row of 8-9 teeth; the distal ones long and stout, the basal

ones shorter, finer and closer together.

Pedipaips—As in fig. 5a; very similar to D. subarmatus

(Tullgr.).

Measurements.—Total length 11°5 mm.; length of carapace 56 mm.,

width 4°35 mm.

2. Colouwr—Seen in spirits, carapace appears blackish-red,

covered with dark hairs; abdomen infuscated testaceous, and densely

covered with dark hairs; under surface of abdomen slightly lighter ;

and as is characteristic of Dresserus, ornamented with numerous

muscle attachment stigmata, of which those directly above the vulval

plate and those below are arranged in fairly regular lines. Sternum,

coxae, etc., dark reddish-brown; legs slightly browner than carapace,

and posterior one slightly lighter. When dry, the specimens were

seen to be covered with silky olive-black hairs having a pale sheen.

Carapace.—Equal in length to patella, tibia, and metatarsus, and

greater than tibia, metatarsus and tarsus of Ist leg; and equal to

patella, tibia and metatarsus of 4th leg. Width equal to tibia, meta-

tarsus and 4 tarsus of Ist leg, and stretches from bottom of fovea to

anterior border of carapace. Surface faintly reticulate; highest

portion just behind posterior lateral eyes, 7.e. cephalic portion is

slightly arched.

4.56 Annals of the South African Museum.

EHyes.— Posterior medians about 12 diameters apart, and at least

4 times the area of the anterior medians; latter with their centres

about in a line with anterior margins of the posterior medians ; anterior

laterals slightly larger than anterior medians and than posterior

laterals. Ocular area 5 times as wide as long.

Chelicera.—Much as in ¢, but blunter and coarser ; bristles shorter

and stouter.

Sternum.—Length less than twice the greatest width.

Legs.—Metatarsi III and IV armed with 3-5 spines each, on under

surface, apically.

Vulva.—As in fig. 5c.

Measurements. —~ Length 18mm. Carapace 7°5 mm. long, and 5°7 mm.

wide ; 7. e. ratio of length of carapace to width slightly over 1:3: 1.

DRESSERUS NIGELLUS, n. sp. (Plate X XIX, fig. 6).

Specimens—One 9 and juv. (No. B 2977, Type), Matroosherg ;

altitude 3500-3700 ft. (1/17, R. W. Tucker).

Colour.—In spirits the carapace is black tinged with red ; chelicera

black, legs blackish-brown, the anterior ones being darker. Abdomen

infuscated testaceous, clothed with black hairs; sternum reddish-

brown; labium and coxae of pedipalps darker; coxae and under

surface of legs tinged olivaceous. When dry the general colour is

darker.

Carapace.—Equal in length to the patella, tibia and metatarsus of

the Ist leg, and greater than the tibia, metatarsus and tarsus of the

same ; also equal in length to the patella, tibia and 1—2 metatarsus

of the 4th leg. Width equal to the tibia and metatarsus of the Ist

leg, and to the distance from bottom of the fovea to just behind the

posterior median eyes. Upper surface of the carapace flat and not

much raised above the fovea.

Eyes.—Posterior medians slightly over one diameter apart, and

from 6-7 times the area of the anterior medians; latter very small

and with their centres above the line joining the lower borders of the

posterior medians. Anterior laterals just over twice the posterior

medians’ diameter from the latter, and larger than the posterior laterals.

Ocular area 3 times as wide as long.

Chelicera.—With stiff short hairs around fang and groove.

Sternum.—Twice as long as wide.

Legs.—Metatarsus IV with 5-6 spines apically on under surface.

Vulva.—As in fig. 6.

Contributions to the South African Arachnid Fauna. 457

Measurements—Carapace 5°5 mm. long and 3:75 mm. wide (i. e.

ratio 1:47:1); sternum 3 mm. long.

Total length 14 mm.

The juv. specimen is lighter and redder save for the abdomen, which

is slightly darker.

DRESSERUS SCHREINERI, n. sp. (Plate XXIX, fig. 7 a—B).

Specimens.—Two ¢ dg and4 2 2 (No. 9464, Types) from Hanover.

(S. C. Cronwright Schreiner, 10/01).

d. Colowr.—Seen in spirits, carapace is very dark red; abdomen

pale testaceous with slight infuscate mottling, and with 4-5 light

arrow-head markings posterior to sigilla. Legs brown, unicolorous,

and clothed with dark hairs; tarsi shghtly darker. Sternum and

coxae the same colour as the legs anteriorly, but slightly lighter pos-

teriorly. Labium and coxae of pedipalps darker brown and white

tipped. |. When dry, thoracic portion is seen to be covered with white

appressed hairs; a stiff brush of olive-black hairs rises from posterior

slope above fovea, and foveal region is clothed with dull white hairs.

Abdomen is clothed with short, and a few long, olivaceous brown

hairs, and tufts of white ones; dorsal sigilla are ringed with white

hairs. Legs are clothed with olive-brown hairs having a whitish

sheen. Chelicera are clothed with appressed dark hairs.

Carapace.—Surface reticulated. Length equal to tibia, metatarsus

and tarsus, and to patella, tibia, and + metatarsus of Ist leg; width

equal to patella, tibia and 7-} metatarsus, and equal to tibia and

metatarsus of Ist leg ; also stretches from fovea to nearly the length of

the ocular tubercle in front of anterior margin of carapace. Cephalic

portion broader than long, slightly narrower anteriorly, flat on upper

surface and raised abruptly above thoracic portion; latter slightly

arched posterior to fovea (fig. 7B), and foveal region considerably

depressed. Ocular projections not so prominent as in D. kannemeyeri, ete.

Eyes.—Posterior medians 2 diameters apart, and about 24 diameters

from the anterior laterals. Anterior medians with their centres

considerably above a line joing lower margins of posterior medians,

the latter being about 3 times the size of the anterior medians.

Lateral ocular area narrower anteriorly and 3 times as wide as long

posteriorly.

Abdomen.—With large, harder and darker area above genital area ;

plates and sigilla inconspicuous (cf. D. kannemeyeri).

Chelicera.—Much as in D. kannemeyeri.

Sternum.—Twice as long as wide.

Legs.—Metatarsus I straight and spineless; metatarsi II and III

458 Annals of the South African Museum.

with 2 spines apically on under surface; IV with 4 apically and’

1 lower down on under surface; calamistrum very faint, the bristles

being only just distinguishable from the hairy clothing of the leg.

Tarsi clothed as in D. kannemeyeri.

Tarsal claws of 4th leg with 5-6 subequal teeth.

Pedipalps.—Palpal organ as in fig. 7 A.

Measurements.—Total length 95 mm. Carapace 4 mm. long,

3 mm. wide.

2. Colowr.—In spirits carapace is dark red, chelicera reddish-

black; the legs are brown, the anterior ones being redder and darker

distally. Abdomen dull testaceous, and clothed with moderately long

dark hairs. Sternum, coxae, etc., syncolorous with the legs; labium

and coxae of pedipalps darker and redder. When dry the carapace

is seen to be covered with long upstanding and shorter more appressed

dark olivaceous hairs, which have brownish tinge; hairs on abdomen

are brown to reddish-brown; similarly with hairs on legs.

Carapace.-—Equal in length to patella, tibia, metatarsus, and

3-7 tarsus of the Ist leg, and to patella, tibia and 4 metatarsus of

IVth leg. Width equal to patella, tibia and 4-3 metatarsus, and to

tibia, metatarsus and 4 tarsus of Ist leg; also reaches from fovea

to about the centre of posterior median eyes. Surface faintly

punctate. Cephalic portion well raised above thoracic, and very

shehtly arched.

Eyes.—Posterior medians 14-2 diameters apart and 3 diameters

from anterior laterals; seen from in front anterior medians have their

centres above a line joining the lower margins of posterior medians ;

latter at least 4 times the area of the former. Lateral ocular area

3 times as wide as long.

Sternum.—Twice as long as wide, and slightly depressed anteriorly.

Chelicera.—With no bristles, but with fine hairs around fang and

sroove.

Legs.—Both metatarsi III and IV without spines apically on

under surface.

Vulva.—Similar to D. colsoni (Plate XXIX, fig. 4). Central

tongue broader, laterai pits less anterior in position.

Measurements.—Total length 16 mm.; carapace 5°5 mm. long, and

4 mm. wide, z.e. ratio 1°4: 1.

In the largest specimen (length 17°5 mm., carapace 6:1 and 4 mm.)

hairs on carapace and abdomen are much redder, and legs are longer

relatively to carapace; in other specimens from Hanover (B 1498)

hairs on abdomen and carapace have no reddish tinge but are dark

olivaceous ; otherwise proportions and vulva are much the same.

Contributions to the South African Arachnid Fauna. 459

DRESSERUS SERICATUS, n. sp. (Plate XXIX, fig. 8).

Specimens.— 9 (No. B 2197, Type), from Nauchas, S.W. Africa

(R. W. Tucker, 3/1/16), and ? (No. B 2115), from between Nauchas

and Areb (do., 1/16. Percy Sladen Memorial Expedition.)

Colour.—Cephalic portion of carapace dark reddish-brown, and

clothed with dense, almost scopula-like dark hairs; from fovea to

posterior border pale brown. Abdomen testaceous, covered with

long, silky, dark hairs, having a dull yellow sheen; hairs on under

side of abdomen sparser and shorter. Under surface of legs, coxae,

sternum, ete., pale brown, slightly darker anteriorly and covered with

long fine hairs. Labium and coxe of pedipalps dark brown, and

with anterior white borders very distinct. Chelicera almost black ;

legs light brown, darker distally, especially anterior legs, which become

reddish, and clothed with fairly dense black hairs from patella onwards ;

rest of legs and sternum also covered with long dark silky hairs.

Cephalothoraz.—As long as patella, tibia, metatarsus and 4-3 of

Ist leg, and slightly exceeding tibia, metatarsus and tarsus of 4th leg.

Width equal to patella, tibia and } metatarsus of Ist leg, and extends

from fovea to anterior surface of ocular tubercle. Cephalic portion

about the same width as the thoracic, and raised fairly abruptly above it.

Eyes.—Posterior medians 13-2 diameters apart and 3 diameters

from anterior laterals. Seen from the front the centres of anterior

median eyes lie on or above a line joining the lower edges of posterior

median eyes; latter less than 4 times the area of the former.

Legs.—Metatarsus III with several short spines apically on under

surface, metatarsus IV with 5-6 moderately long fine spines apically,

mixed with setae, and 2 spines centrally lower down.

Sternum.—Nearly twice as long as wide.

Vulva.—Orange-red in colour, raised, and with surface lightly

punctate; convoluted vesicula seminalis show through in spirits as

the dark markings indicated in fig. 8.

Measurements.—Total length 11 mm.; carapace 4:8 mm. long and

3:1 mm. wide, i.e. ratio of length to breadth, about 1°55: 1.

In the 2nd specimen (No. B 2115), which is subadult, the vulva has

not yet appeared although the specimen is 10°5 mm. long.

Famiry ZODARIIDAE.

GEN. DIORES, Sim.

DIoRES AURICULA, n. sp. (Plate XXVIII, fig. 3).

Specimens.—One 2 (B 5905, Type), Insiza, Rhodesia (G. French).

Colour.—Carapace dark yellow, cephalic portion a little darker ;

460 Annals of the South African Museum.

legs pale yellow; dorsal surface of abdomen violet-black with a long

3-lobed testaceous patch centrally and 2 broad testaceous ‘spots

posteriorly ; under surface light.

Carapace.—Surface without hairs or infuscation; ‘median ocular

area dark: clypeus only very faintly infuscated down to the centre,

and at least 23 times the diameter of an anterior median eye.

Hyes.—Anterior medians large, considerably less than a radius

apart and nearly touching the laterals, which are about + their size.

Posterior row strongly procurved; medians slightly smaller than the

laterals, and nearer to them than to each other. Posterior laterals

subequal to the anterior laterals. Median ocular area considerably

broader than long.

Chelicera.—Bearing stout spiniform bristles apically on the inner

portion of the anterior surface.

Pedipalps.—Dorsal scopular patch small and bristle-like.

Legs.—Bearing short spiniform hairs, which are denser on the tarsi

and longer on the posterior legs. Tibia I with 3 pairs of slender

spines on the under surface; patella with 1-2 spines distally on the

dorsal surface. Metatarsus and tibia II with numerous spines ;

patella with 3 spinules on the anterior surface, 2 dorsally, and 1 distal

spine on the posterior surface. Patella III with 3 pairs of strong

spinules dorsally. Patella ITV similar with a small additional basal

spine. Metatarsus I at least 1} times the length of the tarsus;

metatarsus [V 24 times the length of the tarsus.

Vulva.—As in fig. 3.

Measurements.—Carapace 2°3 mm. long; total length, 5-4 mi.

DIoRES BIFURCATA, n. sp. (Plate XXIX, fig. 13 s—z).

Specimens.—2 ¢ 6,1 2 (No. B 2792, Types) and 1 2 (No. B2803),

from Gt. Winterhoek Mts.; altitude 3900-4100 ft. (R. W. Tucker,

November, 1916).

@ . Colowr.—Carapace pale brown, considerably infuscated, especially

on thoracic portion, on which there are fairly distinct radial infusca-

tions. Abdomen purple-black above, with or without faint lighter

median marks posteriorly, sides and lower portion pallid; surface

smooth and shiny. Legs the same colour as carapace.

Cephalothoraz.— Rectangular anteriorly, cephalic portion slightly

raised. Clypeus very broad and vertical and with central infuscation

from anterior median eves widening out to entire extent of anterior

border of carapace (fig. 13 8).

Hyes.—Anterior row seen from in front strongly procurved ; medians

ee ee

Contributions to the South African Arachnid Fauna. 461

round, only slightly larger than laterals; about 4 a diameter from

each other and slightly less from the laterals; posterior row seen from

above more procurved and slightly wider than the anterior row.

Medians subequal to laterals, about 1} diameters apart and slightly

less from the laterals, and a little less than a diameter behind the

anterior medians. Posterior laterals round, nearly touching the

anterior laterals, and equal to them in size; fig. 13 a.

Chelicera as in fig. 135. Inner border of apex with one spinule ;

outer border bearing stout bristles.

Pedipalps with anterior scopular patch on inner surface of tarsus ;

bristles on under surface very fine. Tarsal claw strongly toothed, as

in Zodarion (Sim).

Legs.—Tarsi with no scopulae; tarsus of Ist leg with no fascicle,

claws short and toothed; metatarsus only slightly longer and slightly

stouter; femur with 3 spines down centre of dorsal surface; rest of

leg with no spines. ‘Tarsus of 2nd leg with 8 pairs of short spines on

the under surface and with one or two short fascicular hairs distally ;

metatarsus about 3 as long again as the tarsus and bearing 2 apical

and 3 pairs of other spines on the under surface, together with a few

bristles ; patella bearmg two spinules and 1 spine on the inner upper

surface; femur with 3-4 spines dorsally down the centre. Tarsus of

5rd leg short and also with paired spines on under surface ; metatarsus

about 1} times its length, and with 2 apical and 6-7 other spines on

the under surface; patella with 3 spinules on the anterior upper

surface and | distally on posterior upper side; femora of 3rd and 4th

legs also spined dorsally. Tarsus of 4th leg with very numerous

short spines on the under surface; metatarsus long, slender, over

twice the length of the tarsus and sparsely spined save at the apex,

which bears numerous spines ; patella with 3 spinules on the anterior

surface and 1—2 on the posterior surface.

Vulva.—As in fig. 13 8, the lower lip-like portion projects at right

angles to the rest of the surface.

Abdomen.—With small chitinous tracheal opening on ventral surface

immediately anterior to the spimners and with traces of anterior

openings level with the iung pockets (cf. D. salisburyensis, n. sp.).

S. Colowr.—Carapace pale golden-brown, with small granule-like

spots, giving a mottled appearance; legs pale golden-brown; tarsi

lighter than the metatarsi; dorsal scutum of abdomen darker brown,

with considerable mottled infuscation; sides and inner portion of

abdomen slightly ridged, and densely mottled to just above the

spinners with purple-black infuscations; under surface of abdomen

pale; sternum, coxae, etc., pale testaceous.

462 Annals of the South African Musewm.

Cephalothoraw.—More evenly and slightly less convex than in the

?; cephalic portion scarcely raised ; clypeus very broad and infuscated

as in the ?.

iyes.—Much as in ?. Median ocular area very slightly wider than

long; seen from in front the lateral eyes appear nearly circular, sub-

equal to the medians and nearly touching them.

Legs.—Tarsus I long, slender and cylindrical; bearing no spines or

scopula, but with fine bristles on lower surface; metatarsus longer

than the tarsus and with 0-1 spines; no scopula, but with numerous

stout bristles on the under surface; tibia with 4 spines on the lower

surface; patella with no spines, femur with a few bristles. Tarsus IT

similar to I but shorter; metatarsus II about 12 times as long as the

tarsus, bearing fine spines apically and a few other scattered ones in

addition to bristles; patella and femur similar to I. Tarsus III with

long stout bristles and fine spines on the under surface; metatarsus

at least twice the length of the tarsus and with fairly numerous

scattered spines in addition to bristles; tibia with paired spines

below, and with other scattered ones; patella with 3 spines anteriorly

and 0-1 posteriorly.

Tarsus IV similar to III; metatarsus 2} times as long as the

tarsus and with numerous scattered spines and bristles ; tibia irregu-

larly spined; patella with 3 spines on anterior upper surface, and

0-1 posteriorly ; femur with 3 spines above but with no long bristles

below.

All tarsal claws long and well toothed; tarsi projecting slightly

below the claws and receding slightly above them. Femora moderately

robust. Coxa I subequal to coxa IV; coxa III subequal to coxa II,

and slightly over 3 the length of coxa IV.

Pedipalps.—Short ; femur nearly straight, sub-cylindrical, and with

2 spines on anterior upper surface; patella short and swollen; tibia

in fig. 18c; the posterior spme is somewhat laminated and much

broader than the anterior one (cf. D. simoni); tarsus longer than the

femur, broad, and bearing 2 stout spines distally. Palpal organ as in

fig. 15 p.

Chelicera.—Inner apex with stout spinule and one or more smaller

ones. Anterior border of groove with 4 small spinules or stout

bristles.

Abdomen.—With short transverse chitinous line on ventral surface

at base of spines, and only visible when latter are protruded; a

chitinous mark on each side level with the lung apertures is also

present (see D. salisburyensis).

Spinners.—Slightly more cylindrical than in the ?.

Contributions to the South African Arachnid Fauna. 463

Measurements.— 2 Carapace 2 mm. long; total length 47 mm. ¢

Carapace 2:1] mm. long; total length 4 mm.

These specimens were taken in the vicinity of a colony of large

yellowish-brown ants (Camponotus sp.), which they resemble when

rapidly running; one ¢ was taken running in company with them

when they were disturbed, and exhibited a marked resemblance at

the time.

A fg specimen (B 2984) from the Matroosberg Mts., 4000-4500 ft.

(Rk. W. Tucker, 20/1/17), is slightly more golden in colour, especially

the scutum of the abdomen, which is even paler than the carapace

and in strong contrast to the black surface surrounding it; the

infuscation of the clypeus is also very faint.

DIORES CAPENSIS, n. sp. (Plate XXVIII, fig. 5).

Specimens.—1 ¢ (B 1219, Type), Bergvleit, Cape Flats (R. W.

Tucker, 6/15).

Colowr.—Carapace pale yellowish-brown with infuscated mottling,

increasing in density anteriorly. Legs testaceous in colour, femora

slightly darker. Abdomen with a brown mottled scutum extending ?

the dorsal length; remainder of dorsal surface blue-grey in colour,

under surface pale testaceous.

Eyes.—Anterior medians at least } a diameter apart, laterals about

+ their size. Posterior row strongly procurved, medians 1-14

diameters apart and slightly nearer to the laterals, which are sub-

equal to them and smaller than the anterior laterals. Clypeus twice

the diameter of an anterior median eye, and slightly infuscated down

the centre ; region of anterior row of eyes deeply infuscated.

Abdomen.—Epigastric scutum absent; tracheal slit anterior to

spinners moderately distinct ; markings level with lung pockets not

apparent.

Legs.—TYarsus I with a double line of fine bristles down the centre ;

metatarsus a little longer than the tarsus, with a similar double line

and some spines apically; tibia with 4 pairs of fine spines on the

under surface. Second leg similar; bristles stouter, metatarsus also

bearing spines ; tibia with only 3 pairs of fine spines ; 3rd leg similar,

spination stronger, metatarsus about 1} times the length of the

tarsus; 4th leg longer and slenderer, metatarsus 14 times the length

of the tarsus. Patellae I and II without spinules; patella III with

5, and patella IV with 3, spinules on the dorsal surface. Femora

each bearing 2 short spines on the dorsal surface.

Pedipalps.—Tibia with a large apical projection on the outer dorsal

464, Annals of the South African Museum.

surface which, viewed from the ventral surface, is seen to be bifureate

from the base. Palpal organ as in figure.

Measurements.—Length of carapace 18mm. ; total length 3°5 mm.

DIoREs DRURYI, n. sp. (Plate XXVIIL, fig. 4).

Specimens.—1 9° (B 4634, Type), Grootfontein, S.W. African Prot.

(J. Drury and R. M. Lightfoot, 1/19).

Colour.—Carapace golden yellow anteriorly, pale yellow posteriorly ;

legs pale yellow, darker distally ; abdomen blue-grey down the centre

of the dorsal surface, and with a light mark anterior to the spinners ;

ventral surface pale.

Hyes.—Medians about } a diameter apart; otherwise as in D. auricula.

Clypeus about 1} times the diameter of an anterior lateral eye, and

not infuscated. Region of anterior row of eyes strongly infuscated.

Chelicera.—As in D. auricula.

Pedipalps.—Bearing usual apical scopular patch.

Legs.—Tarsus bearing sparse fine bristles on the under surface ;

metatarsus twice the length of the tarsus, and bearing a few spiniform

hairs and spines down the under surface. Tarsus II bearing stout

bristles and fine spines on the under surface; metatarsus 1+ times as

long and bearing 4-5 pairs of spines in addition to bristles on the

under surface; patella bearing 3-4 spines on the anterior dorsal

surface. Tarsus III clothed with stiff bristles; metatarsus about

24 times the length and bearing numerous spines in addition to

bristles ; patella III with 10 spines on the dorsal surface; tibia with

5 stout spinules on the dorsal surface in addition to bristles. Fourth

leg similar, patella with 8 spinules on the dorsal surface, tibia with

3-4 spinules.

Abdomen.—Ventral tracheal slit wide and conspicuous ; sigilla at

sides of lung pockets visible.

Vulva.—As in figure.

Measurements.—Leneth of carapace 2 mm.; total length 45 mm.

DIoRESs JONESI, n. sp. (Plate XXVIII, fig. 6 a—s).

Specimens.—4 ¢ g,1 2 and juv. (B 3633, Types), Mfongosi, Zulu-

land (W. E. Jones, 1/2/18).

$. Colowr.—Carapace dark brown, strongly infuscated. Abdomen

purple-black with a black dorsal scutum extending over 2 of its

length ; ventral surface light purple in colour, epigastric scutum pale

brown. Mouth parts and coxae pale brown, sternum slightly darker.

Contributions to the South African Arachnid Fauna. 4.65:

Femora of legs approximately the same colour as the carapace

patellae onwards light brown, becoming paler distally.

Cephalothoraz.—Surface smooth, shghtly depressed anterior to the

stria ; infuscated mark anterior to the stria ; cephalic portion slightly

dome-shaped.

Clypeus.—At least 3 times as deep as the anterior median eyes, and

approximately + as deep as the chelicera; a light patch on clypeus on

either side below and interior to the anterior lateral eyes.

Eyes.—Seen from above, both rows are procurved. Anterior medians

moderately large, about § a diameter apart, and touching the laterals,

which are about } their size. Posterior row slightly procurved ; eyes

equidistant ; laterals touching the anterior laterals and subequal to:

them in size; posterior medians subequal to the laterals. Median

ocular area wider than long, and shghtly narrower posteriorly.

Abdomen.—Ventral tracheal slit at base of spinners, and sigilla at

sides of lung pockets visible.

Pedipalps.—Tarsus and palpal organ as in fig. 6B; tibia with a

stout, outer, apical projection, and a more slender, curved projection

on the dorsal apical surface. Patella with a very strong, broad apical

projection on the outer ventral surface, and a smaller one on the inner

apical surface, as in figure.

Legs.—Tarsus I bearing spiniform bristles on the lower surface ;

metatarsus spineless, and about 1; times the length of the tarsus.

Tarsus If similar; metatarsus with 2-3 short spines apically, and

with stout bristles anteriorly on the lower surface ; length about 13

times that of the tarsus. Tarsus and metatarsus III with spiniform

bristles on the under surface, denser apically ; metatarsus with 4-5

spines apically on the under surface; length shghtlv over twice that

of the tarsus. Tarsus IV densely clothed on the under surface with

spines and spiniform bristles; metatarsus 2{ times the length of the

tarsus. Patellae without spines. Claws stout and strongly toothed.

?. Colour.—As in g ; abdomen dark purple-black dorsally, with

no light spots posteriorly ; ventral surface pale.

Cephalothorax and eves asin ¢.

Clypeus.—Slightly deeper than in ¢ ; equal in depth to the cheli-

cera; light markings as in ¢.

Pedipalps.—Anterior dorsal scopular patch present as in other

species.

Legs.—Yarsus I bearing sparse bristles on the under surface ;

metatarsus 14 times as long as the tarsus. Tarsus with a sparse line

of small spines down each side of the under surface, and bearing

scattered bristles; metatarsus with spines and bristles, especially

466 Annals of the South African Museum.

anteriorly, on the lower surface; length 13-2 times that of the tarsus.

Tarsus and metatarsus III with numerous spines and stout bristles,

metatarsus 2} times the length of the tarsus. Tarsus IV similar to

III; metatarsus with spines and bristles anteriorly on the lower

surface; length about 22 times that of the tarsus. Patella IIT with

2 spinules on the anterior surface; remaining patellae apparently

spineless.

Abdomen.—As in @.

Vulva.See fig. 6 a.

Measurements.—Carapace ¢ 1:8, ¢ 2:1 mm.; total length ¢ 38,

9 55 mm.

DiorEs POWERI, n. sp. (Plate X XIX, fig. 14 4—-p).

Specimens.—2 2 2 (No. B 3040, Types), Kimberley (Bro. J. H.

Power, 2/17).

Colour.—Carapace and legs golden-brown ; abdomen violet-black

above, with central line of whitish spots faint and separate anteriorly,

plainer and coalescing posteriorly ; surface bearing sparse short hairs,

especially along the central line; under surface almost white, entrance

to lung-pockets brown and chitinous. Sternum and coxae lighter than

carapace,

Cephalothorae.—Broad posteriorly, narrower and _parallel-sided

anteriorly ; cephalic portion fairly well raised above the thoracic ;

median stria long, surface smooth with slight radiate infuscations.

Hyes.—Seen from above the anterior row is slightly procurved ; the

posterior row is approximately as wide as the anterior row and strongly

procurved (fig. 14c). Anterior medians very large, circular and

prominent ; less than 4 a diameter apart and almost touching the

laterals, the latter being slightly oval and much smaller than the

medians. Posterior medians circular, 2-2} diameters apart and

1 diameter behind the anterior medians; nearer to laterals than to

each other. lLaterals oval, subequal to and nearly touching the

anterior laterals.

Clypeus.—Very deep, slightly sloping forward, and bearing bristles

below the ocular tubercle. The latter is dark around the anterior

median and lateral eyes, with a slight infuscation extending down the

centre of the clypeus, and then broadening out along the anterior

border of the carapace.

Chelicera.—Very stout, tapering to a blunt point, and flat on the

inner, contiguous surfaces. Fang very short and broad basally ;

fang groove nearly as wide as long and muticous; posterior border

with a slight keel (fig. 14 as).

Contributions to the South African Arachnid Fauna. 467

Labium.—tLonger than broad, with dark marks at base, and a soft

pale anterior border, and extending over + the length of the pedipalp

coxae ; the latter are long, inclined inwards over the apex of the labium,

narrow centrally and broader basally.

Pedipalps.—The tarsus bears a single claw densely toothed along

one side of its entire length; the inner upper side of the tarsus has

an oval scopular patch anteriorly; the under inner surface bears.

blunt spinose hairs. Tarsus about equal in length to the patella and

tibia.

Legs.—Tarsus I long and slender, bearing two toothed claws but no

fascicle ; metatarsus longer and slightly stouter posteriorly ; no spines

or bristles on the upper surface of the leg. Tarsus IT shorter, and

bristles on the under surface stouter; metatarsus IT bearing stout

bristles above ; tibia with bristles and 1 short stout spine anteriorly

on the inner upper surface; patella with spinose hairs and a line of

6 short stout dark spines on the inner upper surface (8 on the larger

specimen) ; femur with 1 small spine anteriorly on the inner surface,

and a row of 4 small stout bristles posterior to it. Tarsus III shorter

still, furnished with bristles all over, and with long regular spines on

the under surface; metatarsus with a fringe of stout spimose bristles

anteriorly on upper and lateral surfaces ; upper surface with bristles and

pairs of weak spines laterally ; tibia armed with bristles and 4-5 short

dark spines on the upper surface ; patella with 13-15 (larger specimen

with 26) spinules on the anterior upper surface and 2 (3 in larger

specimen) posteriorly towards the centre ; femur with 1 spine anteriorly

on the upper surface. Fourth leg similar; patella with 12-14 (20 in

larger specimen) spinules and 2-3 posteriorly towards the centre ;

metatarsus IV about 25 times as long as the tarsus. On the under

surfaces the tarsi have no scopulae, but bear stout bristles which are

long, stout and spinose on tarsi III and IV; the metatarsi bear

bristles and scattered spines which become stronger and more numerous

on the posterior legs.

Sternum.—Anterior border straight, not produced beyond or as far

as the anterior borders of coxae 1; parallel sides as far as coxae ITT,

and then tapering to a blunt shield shape. Coxa IV longer and larger

than the rest ; coxa II very slightly smaller than I.

Abdomen.—Posterior tracheal mark visible immediately anterior to

the base of the spinners; lateral marks level with the lung opercula

visible, and also 2 others just below the lung-pockets.

Spinners.—Short ; inferior spinners when protruded subconical and

soft; the short apical joint bearing a cluster of fusules. Median

and superior spinners very short, placed alongside the anal tubercle,

468 Annals of the South African Museum.

and only discernible when protruded; when retracted only the short

inferior spinners are visible.

Vulva.—As in fig. 14.

Measurements.—Larger specimen, carapace 3 mm. in length; total

length 6°2 mm.

DIORES SALISBURYENSIS, nl. sp. (Plate X XIX, fig. 15 a and B

and fig. 16).

Specimens.—1 ¢ (B 3281, Type) and 9 and juv. (B 3249), Salisbury,

S. Rhodesia (R. W. Tucker, 4/17).

S$. Colowr.—Carapace golden-yellow, slightly darker anteriorly ;

dark line down the centre with a broad infuscated mark on each side

anterior to the thoracic stria, and a short parallel infuscated line

behind each post-median eye. Clypeus infuscated down the central

portion ; chelicera light yellowish-brown with dark hairs at the

apices. Abdomen black on the dorsal surface with a white mark

above the spinners; scutum extending over 3 the length of the upper

surface, and nearly black in colour, the central portion only being

mottled brown. Under surface entirely pale testaceous and sparsely

clothed with dark hairs; legs hght yellowish-brown.

Cephalothorax.— Surface smooth; slightly depressed between the

stria and the ocular area; highest at anterior point of stria and

sloping thence to posterior border.

Clypeus.—About twice as deep as the anterior median eyes ; anterior

border black.

Hyes.—Seen from above, the front border of the anterior row forms

a straight to slightly recurved line; the posterior border forms a

strongly procurved line. Posterior row very strongly procurved (ef.

D. poweri). Anterior medians very large; much less than } a diameter

apart and nearly touching the laterals, which are about + their size.

Posterior laterals subequal to and touching the anterior laterals ;

posterior medians equal to the laterals and nearer to them than to

each other. Median ocular area wider than long. Infuscation around

anterior medians and lateral eyes very strong; seen from in front the

anterior row is procurved.

Legs.—Tarsus I long and slender, and clothed with stout hairs; no

spines or spinules, but with rows of short bristles on the under

surface; claws strongly toothed ; metatarsus over 15 times the length

of the tarsus; femur with 2 spines on the dorsal surface; rest of leg

muticous. Tarsus II shorter and bearing numerous setose spines on

the under surface ; metatarsus 14 times as long as the tarsus, armed

Contributions to the South African Arachnid Fauna. 469

with a few scattered spines, and on the lower surface with bristly

hairs, which are denser towards the apex; patella with 4 spines on

the anterior surface. Femora II, III and IV each with 2 spines as

in femur I. Tarsus III short, the under surface more densely

clothed than in II; metatarsus over twice the length of the tarsus,

and also more heavily armed than metatarsus II. Patella with 9

spines dorsally on the anterior border and 5 on the posterior side.

Tarsus IV missing; metatarsus very long, 1} times the length of

metatarsus IIIT; armed with sparse scattered spines; patella with 6

spines dorsally on the anterior border, 2 on the posterior border, and

1 centrally on the apical border.

Abdomen.—Dorsal scutum extending over the anterior half;

epigastric scutum absent. Tracheal slit on ventral surface, anterior

to the spinners, very distinct ; markings level with the lung pockets

not apparent.

Chelicera.—With 2 or 3 spinules and stout bristles on the inner

anterior border.

Pedipalps.—Palpal organs as in fig. 15 a; the tarsus has a posterial

dorsal prolongation as in fig. 15 8. Patella and tibia without spurs

or prominent spines ; tarsus with 6 apical spines on the under surface.

2. Colour.—Legs and carapace slightly darker than in the J;

dorsal surface of the abdomen with 5 distinct light marks down the

central line posteriorly, the hindermost being contiguous ; abdomen

clothed with sparse, short, appressed hairs.

Carapace.

Similar to the ¢, cephalic portion shehtly more convex ;

no central dark line, and only a slight infuscated mark anterior to the

stria. Clypeus 3 times the diameter of an anterior median eye in

depth; slightly infuscated, anterior border dark.

Hyes.—As in g ; anterior medians smaller; posterior eyes nearly

equidistant, medians lacking the posterior infuscated line and slightly

smaller than the laterals.

Chelicera.— Well keeled on the inner border, and with 2 weak spines

on the inner apex of the groove.

Pedipalps.—With the usual anterior scopular patch; bristles fine

and sparse ; tarsal claw dentate.

Legs.—Tarsus I slender; with stout hairs on the under surface, and

a line of short spinules down the centre; no scopula or fascicle ;

metatarsus 13 times as long as the tarsus and with numerous

irregularly paired spinules down the centre of the under surface ;

rest of leg spineless save for 2 spines dorsally on the femur. Tarsus II

shorter and with a row of spimules down each side of the under

surface ; metatarsus 1-1} times as long as the tarsus; patella with

4.70 Annals of the South African Museum.

1-2 spines on the anterior edge of the upper surface and with 2 on

the posterior surface. Femora II, III and IV each with 2 fine

spines dorsally. Tarsus III armed with coarse bristles on the under

surface; metatarsus about 1} times as long as the tarsus, with fewer

bristles, but with some scattered fine spines on the under surface,

which are more numerous distally ; patella with 4-5 spinules on the

anterior edge of the upper surface. Tarsus IV slender, with sparse

coarse bristles and numerous short fine spines on the under surface ;

metatarsus just over twice the length of the tarsus; patella IV with

5 spinules on the anterior surface.

Claws long and slender ; slightly curved and dentate.

Abdomen.—Conspicuous ventral tracheal slit anterior to the spinners

and separated from them by an infuscated band continuous with the

dark dorsal surface; also a longitudinal chitinous mark on each side

of the abdomen, slightly distant from the lung opercula; these may

also be connected with a tracheal system.

Vulva.—As in fig. 16.

Spinners.—Inferior spinners moderately stout, sub-conical, and with

a short apical jot; placed anteriorly to and separate from a group

of 2 small median and 2 small superior spinners.

Measurements.—Carapace, ¢ 2 mm., ? 2 mm. long; total length

3 35mm. ? 46mm. 1 2 (B 3664) from Mochudi, Bechuanaland

Protectorate (R. W. Tucker, 21/2/18), agrees with ? species of

salisburyensis.

DiIoREs sETOSUS, n. sp. (Plate XXIX, fig. 17).

Specimens.— 2 (No. B 2825, Tvpe), Gt. Winterhoek Mts., 4000—

4800 ft. (R. W. Tucker, November, 1917).

Colouwr.—Cephalothorax golden-brown, cephalic portion darker than

thoracic; abdomen purple-black, grained with lighter flecks, and with

four pale central marks posteriorly ; ventral surface pale, but with the

dorsal infuscations extending around the spinners; sternum and coxae

pale testaceous; legs golden-brown, tarsi darkening distally; labium

and coxae of pedipalps darker brown, the latter having whitish tips.

Cephalothoraz.—Surtace smooth and bearing sparse short, scattered

hairs ; median stria very short, radial infuscations faint. Cephalic

portion raised and well defined; clypeus not infuscated, but bearing

one or two hairs below the ocular tubercle.

Abdomen.—Upper and under surfaces sparsely clothed with short

stiff dark hairs. Under surface has only faint traces of tracheal

markings (see D. bifurcata and D. salisburyensis).

Contributions to the South African Arachnid Fauna. 471

Hyes.—Seen from above the anterior row is procurved; medians

round, larger than the laterals and less than } a diameter from each

other and from the laterals. Posterior row very slightly wider than

the anterior row, and only moderately procurved; eyes practically

equidistant ; medians about 12 diameters apart, and a diameter or

less behind the anterior medians; laterals only very slightly larger

than medians and almost touching the anterior laterals. Median

area parallel-sided and slightly wider than long. A1l eyes surrounded

by a circle of black pigment, which in the anterior row and laterals

merges into an infuscated band prominent below the anterior medians.

Pedipalps.—Tarsus subconical ; scopular patch small but distinct ;

no spines on palps, but numerous stout hairs and bristles; tarsal claw

strongly and densely toothed down outer side.

Legs.—Much shorter than in the preceding species. Tarsus I short,

and slightly tapering distally; under surface clothed with stout

bristles; metatarsus stouter, about 12 times as long as the tarsus,

and bearing 2 apical and one other spines on the lower surface, besides

stout setae or bristles. Tibia I with 2 spines apically on the lower

surface and scattered bristles; patella I muticous; femur I with 2

spimes on the upper surface. Tarsus II short, shghtly tapering

distally, and bearing short fine spimes on the under surface; meta-

tarsus IT similar to I, about 14 times as lone as the tarsus; tibia IT

with 1 spine in centre dorsally, and 5 small ones anteriorly on the

side; patella IT with 3 spinules on anterior upper surface ; femur IT

with 2 spines dorsally. Tarsus III with very stout dense bristles on

the under surface ; metatarsus III scarcely 13 times the length of the

tarsus; spined apically, and with scattered spines and numerous

bristles on the under surface; tibia with 4 spines on the anterior

surface, and with bristles and fine spines on the under surface ; patella

with 3 spines on the anterior surface, and 2 spines on the upper

surface at the anterior edge, and 1 at the posterior edge; femur with

2 spines on the upper surface. Tarsus 1V with numerous short spines

and bristles on the under surface; metatarsus about twice as long as

the tarsus, and with fine spines and bristles and numerous spines

apically on the under surface; tibia with 4 spines on the anterior

surface and 2 on the upper surface; patella with 3 spines on the upper

surface anteriorly and 1 posteriorly.

Femora I, IT and III bearing distally on outer surface a small

distinct patch of short spmiform bristles.

Sternum, coxae, etc. Sparsely covered with lone stiff dark hairs.

Vulva.—See figure.

Measurements,—Total length 4 mm.; carapace 1:75 mm. long.

}

oO >

472 Annals of the South African Museum.

Other specimens—l1 92 (B 3084), Matroosberge Mts., 5000 ft.

(R. W. Tucker, 1/17). Also 1 ? (B 3073), Matroosberg Mts.,

7000 ft. (R. W. Tucker, 1/17).

In this specimen the distal patches of bristles on outer surface of

femora I-III show very clearly ; the spinules, etc., on the legs are

slightly less numerous. On examining the other species of this genus

described in the paper it appears that the femoral character noted

above is universal m both ¢ ¢ and 2 2; in many cases a paler ring

surrounds the group of short bristles giving the appearance of a sense

organ. In D. awricula, however, the character is indistinct.

Famity HERSILIIDAR.

Gen. HERSILIOLA, Thor.

HERSILIOLA AUSTRALIS, Sim. (Plate XXIX, fig. 9)

1893. H. australis, Simon, Hist. Nat. des Araign, 2nd ed., vol. 1,

pp. 442 and 445. 2.

1910. AH. australis, Simon, in LL. Sehultzes Forsch. r. Zool., vol. 4,

Jena, p. 188. 9°.

Specimens.—One ¢ and 2 2? 2 (No. 14481) from Poortjesfontein,

Hanover (Neeser jr. 1905).

The specimens of Hersiliola in the Museum collection all seem

referable to HA. australis; variations occur in coloration, especially

of the abdomen, but no specific distinctions are apparent. The dorsal

abdominal pattern in general resembles the diagram of Hersiliola

(Hersilidia lucasii, Cambr. O. P. P.Z.S. 1876, Pl. lvi, fig. 5). When

dry, the abdomen, unless rubbed, has this pattern more or less

obliterated by a clothing of white and orange hairs; the lateral

bundles of white setae also stand out more clearly when dry.

The cephalothorax is often entirely clothed in white and orange

hairs, though in most specimens they are partially lost or rubbed off.

Specimens have been obtained from Usib R. near Nomptsas, 8.W.

Afric. Prot. (2 No. B. 2064, R. W. Tucker, Percy Sladen Memorial

Expedition) ; Tsais, Bull’s Mouth Pass, 8.W. Afric. Prot. (2 No.

B. 2137, R. W. Tucker, Percy Sladen Memorial Expedition) ; Montagu

Baths, Caledon (2 9 9 No. 12655, Dr. W. F. Purcell, 11/03) ;

Stompneus, Malmesbury Div. (1 2 No. 11678, J. C. Gould, 3/02) ;

Ashton, Robertson Div. (1 ? No. 3361, Dr. W. F. Purcell, 11/97) ;

Beaufort West (1 ? No. 3937, Dr. W. F. Purcell, 9/96) ; Ceres (82 2

Contributions to the South African Arachnid Fauna. 473

and juv. ¢ Nos. 3269 and 3270, Dr. W. F. Purcell and R. M. Lightfoot,

10/97). (‘These specimens are somewhat small in size and 1 2 appears

melanic. The pattern on the back, seen in spirits, is almost obliterated

by the presence of black pigment; similarly with the cephalothorax ;

femora and tibiae of legs are darkened and have a slight olivaceous

tinge; under abdomen, sternum, coxae and femora are almost black ;

spinners are dark, but with the usual dark mark on the apical segment

of superior spinners.) Robertson (1 2 No. 3350, Dr. W. F. Purcell,

11/97), shghtly melanic; Colesbere (1 ? No. 8763, C. L. Leipoldt,

12/00); Mossel Bay (1 ? No. 908, Dr. W. F. Purcell, 4/96), also

melanie.

Description of Male-—The 9 9 which accompany the ¢ specimen

from Hanover do not appear separable from H. australis; they tend

towards being melanie, the under abdomen being dark or mottled and

with light stripes at the side, whilst the sternum and coxae are dark or

mottled.

General colouring of ¢ asin 2 2 ; usual pattern on dorsal surface

of abdomen bright and distinct, the heht portion being invaded by

darker markings; under abdomen mottled and banded at. sides ;

carapace and sternum mottled ; legs ochreous-brown, darker towards

extremities, and posterior legs lightly banded.

Legs.—Longer than in 2 ; Ist leg 12.5 mm.; in ? length is about

10 mm.; 4th leg 16mm.; in 9 11mm. Metatarsi of 5 legs distinctly

eurved downwards in the centre, and upwards distally ; tarsi shorter

and stouter than in the other legs, of which the tarsi are long and

slender.

Pedipalps.—As in fig. 9.

In all cases it was noticed that the superior spinners of Hersiliola

were subequal to the sternum in length, and that the apical lighter

portion tended to be conical and straight ; also the tarsus of the Ist

leg exceeded ! the length of the metatarsus in all cases. These addi-

tional characters serve to separate Hersiliola from Tama, since in the

latter the tarsus is less than 3} the length of the metatarsus of the Ist

leg; and the apical joint of the superior spinners in addition to being

curved and longer than the basal joint is also longer than the sternum,

generally equalling or exceeding the sternum and labium in length.

Gen. HERSILIA, Aud.

HERSILIA BICORNIS, n. sp. (Plate X XIX, fig. 10 a—z).

Specimens.— $ and 9 (B 864, Types), Krantz Kloof, Durban,

Natal (H. W. Bell-Marley, 12/14).

ATA, Annals of the South African Museum.

g and 2 ? 2 (B 4255), Kaapmuiden, E. Transv., Low Veld

(R. W. Tucker, 11/18).

One ? (B 4334), Komatipoort, E. Transv., Low Veld (R. W.

Tucker, 11/18).

2. Colowr.—Carapace brown; lateral borders strongly infuscated,

and with an irregular infuscated band from each side of the ocular

tubercle to the posterior border of the carapace. Clypeus whitish,

with an opaque band down the centre, and ornamented with 2 dark

vertical marks underneath the anterior median eyes, and 2 conspicuous

oblique marks stretching out and down from the sides of the median

eyes. Ocular tubercle with an orange line down centre posteriorly.

Transverse median band on chelicera very faint. Abdomen black,

with testaceous mottling and with anterior lateral bars and outline of

anterior black band, testaceous ; also with 8 distinct muscle sigilla

dorsally.

Legs and spinners as in H. sericea, Poc. When dry the clypeus is

seen to be densely clothed with white hairs; lateral and central leht

portions of carapace also bearing short white hairs.

Carapace.—Longer than wide ; width greater than the length of the

distal segment of the metatarsus of either the Ist or 2nd legs, and

subequal to the patella, tibia, and + the metatarsus of the 3rd leg.

Ocular tubercle very much raised above the carapace; ocular quad-

rangle scarcely longer than wide. Clypeus sloping forward, and at

least 14 times the length of the ocular quadrangle in depth.

Hyes.— Anterior laterals smaller than the rest, which are subequal.

Legs.—Bearing white spines on the light and black spines on the

dark portions.

Spinners.—Total length equal to the tibia of Ist leg ; terminal joint

much shorter than the tibia of the lst or 4th leg.

Vulva.—As in fig. 10a; distinct from H. sericea, Poc.

Measurements.—Length 7 mm.; width of carapace 3 mm. ; apical

segment of spinners, 45 mm.; Ist leg 22°5 mm.; 4th leg 19°5 mm. in

length.

S$. Colowr—Much as in 2 ; carapace and abdomen darker.

Chelicera almost entirely dark.

Legs.—Spines numerous and black.

Carapace.—Breadth subequal to length.

Hyes.—Anterior medians much larger than the posterior medians ;

otherwise about equidistant and in square formation ; anterior laterals

very small.

Pedipalps.—Palpal organ as in fig. 108; femur with 2-3 slender

spines on the dorsal surface, and 1 about the centre of the inner

Al a0 . : : ‘

Contributions to the South African Arachnid Fauna. 475

surface ; patella with one slender basal spine, and 1 long apical spine

on the upper surface; tibia with 1 long basal spine on the upper

surface, and 2 short stout spines on the inner surface about the centre ;

also bearing long white hairs on the outer apical surface ; tarsus as in

figure ; clothed with white hairs, and armed apically with 2 pairs of

stout claw-like spines.

Spinners.—Length of superior spinners about 2 the tibia of the

Ist leg.

Measuwrements.—Length just over 6 mm. ; spinners (apical sezment),

35 mm. in Jength; Ist leg 25 mm., 2nd leg 24-5 mm. in length.

HERSILIA PUNGWENSIS, n. sp. (Plate XXIX, fig. 11).

Specimens.—1 3 (No. 15639, Type), Pungwe River, 5 miles 8.E. of

Umtali, Mashonaland (D. L. Patrick, 1901).

Colour.—Browner, and legs more strongly banded than in H. bicornis.

Chelicera brown with black markings on the basal portion. Clypeus

entirely dark with lighter markings around the anterior median eyes

and two white spots in the centre of the border above the mandibles.

Other characters as in H. bicornis.

Spines.—Less numerous than in H. bicornis.

Pedipalps.—Palpal organ as in fig. 11; the large process is stouter

and shorter, and the smaller process oppositely curved to those in

H. bicornis. Tibia with the 2 spines on the inner surface only

moderately stout and with the apices bent over.

Measurements.—Leneth about 6 mm.; 2nd leg 24mm. long. Apical

segment of spinners 38 mim. in length.

A 9 specimen (No. 12509) from Umtali (D. L. Patrick, 1903), may

be the 2 of H. pungwensis.

It differs from H. bicornis in appearance, in its smaller size and

lighter brown colour.

The width of the carapace is subequal to the length, and is also

much greater than the length of the distal segment of the metatarsi

of the Ist or 2nd leg, being equal to the distal segment and to 3-4 of

the tarsus of the 2nd lee.

The total length of the superior spinners slightly exceeds the tibia

of the Ist leg. The vulva has the median portion relatively longer

than H. bicornis, and the lateral, inwardly projecting portions smaller ;

the anterior dark markings are absent, but lateral markings on the

side portions are present.

Both ¢ and 9? specimens are damaged.

476 Annals of the South African Museum.

Gen. TAMA, Sim.

TAMA INCERTA, 0. Sp.

Specimens.—Adult ? (No. 4298, T'ype) from Nieuwoudtville, Bokke-

veld Mts., Calvinia (C. L. Leipoldt, 9/98), and others as below.

Colouwr,— Cephalothorax yellowish- brown, the centre and ocular

tubercle being dark, and the border strongly mottled with black.

Abdomen patterned much as in Hersiliola, though in many cases the

lighter portions are darkened so as to leave crescents at the sides and

centre, and spots, etc., posteriorly, gradations between both phases

occurring. The legs and palpi are light brown and conspicuously

banded with black, especially the 3rd legs. Under surface of body

and coxae testaceous to faint brown; spimners dark brown. Abdomen,

sternum, spinners and legs clothed with sparse, fairly long hairs,

longer on upper surface of abdomen and denser on the legs; the

upper surface of abdomen also has traces of bundles of white bristles

as in Hersiliola. When dry, body, coxae and light bands of legs are

covered with dull white and tawny hairs.

Chelicera.—Leneth equal to depth of clypeus.

Clypeus.—Over 13} times as deep as length of median ocular

quadrangle.

Legs.—Metatarsi uni-articulate; that of the Ist leg equals or

slightly exceeds twice the tarsus and is slightly shorter than the tibia

and metatarsus of the 5rd lee.

Spinners.—With a dark mark on the outer side of basal joint of

superior spinners and a dark mark basally on the upper surface

of apical joint; the latter tapers fairly rapidly to the apex, towards

which it has a slightly annulated appearance ; in length the apical

joint exceeds that of the sternum and labium together. (Sometimes

the spinners are almost as short as in Hersiliola, but the annulated

appearance is always present, and also the tapering and curving of

the apical segment.)

Vulva.—Consists of a somewhat concave dark brown plate sunk

below a projecting rim, which is black and thick at the edges, and

shades to dark brown beyond; the rim is not continued round the

posterior border of the plate.

Measurements.—Largest specimen 9°5 mm. in length; Ist leg 17,

3rd leg 12, and 4th leg 23°5 mm. long. Apical segment of spinners

3 min. long. Length and width of carapace each 4 mim.

Average size 9 mm. long; Ist lee 16 mm., 8rd 11, 4th 20, and

apical jomt of super-spinuers 2°5 mm. in length.

Contributions to the South African Arachnid Fauna. A477

Specimens have also been obtained from the following localities :

? 9 and juv. ¢ (No. B 1633), Beaufort West (Dr. W. F. Purcell,

10/05); 2 sub-adult ? ? (No. 3938), Beaufort West (Dr. W. F.

Purcell, 9/96); 2 2 9 (No. 14250), Touws R. (J. Paynter, 12/04) ;

(No. 3965), Touws R. (Dr. W. F. Purcell, 9/96); 1 2 and sub-

adult (No. B 2467), Matjesfontein (Dr. W. F. Purcell, 8/03); 1 9 and

juv. (No. 8920), Moordenaars Karroo, Sutherland Div. (J. Meiring,

1900) ; 1 9 and juv. (No. 13698), Prince Albert (R. Broom, 1904) ;

1 2 and juv. (No. 3685), Steinkopf, Namaqualand Div. (W. H. Turle,

1/97); 2 sub-adult ? ? and 1 sub-adult ie. 12862), Laingsburg (Dr.

W. F. Purcell and R. M. Lightfoot); 3 9 ? and 5 juv. (B 1633),

Beaufort West (Dr. W. F. Purcell, 94/10/15). Four ? 2 and 6 juv.

specimens from Matroosberg at an altitude of 3500-4000 ft. (R. W.

Tucker, 15/1/17), offer slight differences from the above description,

in that the median plate of the vulva is smaller, more oval, and

completely surrounded by the dark raised border; the breadth of the

carapace 1s also slightly greater than the length. These differences,

which are also shown in Nos. 13698 and B 2467, do not, however, seem

to be markedly specific.

Fami.y UROCTEIDARE.

Gren. UROCTEA, Dufour.

URocTEA SEPTEMNOTATA, n. sp. (Plate XXIX, fig. 124).

Specimens.—Numerous 2° 2 taken on the Percy Sladen Trust

Expedition to South-West Africa (localities at end) im December,

1915, and January, 1916 (R. W. Tucker, coll.). Types, B 2703.

The specimens, of which 54 were taken, are all 2? 2 ,and range from

juveniles to old adults, and all appear referable to one species. This

has been described as new, though owing to the diagnoses of other

species being based mainly on colour and markings, both U. quinque-

notata (Sim.) and U. schinzi (Sim.) and possibly U. semilimbata

(Sim.) might be represented by various stages and variations in the

specimens to hand. From this material it appears that the testaceous

spots are prominent in the young and tend to disappear in the adults ;

though the range of variation is such that they may be retained in

adult forms, and even reinforced by testaceous flecks until the spots

are linked in an irregular chain. Also almost melanic varieties occur,

the upper abdomen lacking testaceous. spots or flecks ; the opposite

478 Annals of the South African Museum.

likewise obtains, the abdomen being lighter and more testaceous above,

the spots joined together and the under side of the abdomen pale.

The stages represented and presumably explained by the variations

and state of maturity of the specimens are as follows :

Juvenile specimens have the abdomen deep black above and orna-

mented with 7 testaceous spots; 5 are arranged just as in U. quinque-

notata, with the addition of two extra ones between the median laterals

and the terminal central spot. he additional spots may be large,

small, occasionally merged or even absent. The next stages, which

are most plentifully represented, are probably just adult, and the

majority greatly resemble U. schinzi, being distinguished therefrom

by the vulva and sternum. Some, however, retain the 7 spots, dull

and more or less linked when adult; others show 5, 4 and 2 according

to the amount of black pigment present ; all, however, have the same

characters in eyes and vulva, etc., and can hardly be separated

specifically.

The large and old adult stages have often all black abdomens above,

sometimes with a cinereous tinge; others show traces more or less

distinct of the two anterior abdominal spots, which are the largest and

clearest in all stages.

The above are possibly only variations of U. schinzi, but other speci-

meus in the Museum collection, from Little Namaqualand, are lacking

in the brown markings on the vulva, and otherwise agree more closely

with the description of U. schinzi; hence U. septemnotata has been

separated as above.

The variable markings of the abdomen are apparently usual in the

genus, since U. indica (Poc.) recorded from India has occasionally

7 spots.

2. Colour.—Carapace dark brown; sternum pale testaceous with

brown border; coxae brown, being the same colour or lighter than the

border of sternum.

Posterior border of labium and maxillae dark brown (in U. schinzi

the brown border to the sternum is not so prominent, and the coxae

are the same colour as the sternum itself). Abdomen as described

above, and bearing stiff black hairs anteriorly, which curve over

abdomen above cephalothorax.

Legs.—Well clothed with hairs and spines, especially the posterior

pairs; colour as in U. sehinzi, but tending often to be dark mahogany

in shade.

Vulva.Seen in spirits, its characteristic form 1s as in fig. 12a;

exceptions, however, occur in which the 2 lateral marks are closer

together and coalesce, or are joined by a dark band. The specimens

Contributions to the South African Arachnid Fauna. 479

were taken with other normal ones, and the variations seem due to

the internal arrangement of the vesicula seminalis showing through

the vulval plates in a slightly different fashion.

Measurements.—Length of adults 11-12 mm. Legs vary between

13 and 14 mm. in length.

Localities.—Goas (Nautseras Noab), 5 2? 9; Usib R., 8 km. from

Nomptsas, 7 ? 2; Voigtsgrund, 6 ? 9 and 2 juv.; Maltahohe, 2 ? ?

and juv.; Kabiras, juv. 9; entrance to Bull’s Mouth Pass, 5 ? ?;

T'sais, Bull’s Mouth Pass, 2 9 9 ; Ababis, 3 9 9. S.W. Afric. Prot.

UroctTga QUINQUENOTATA, Sim. (Plate X XIX, fig. 12 8).

1910. U. quinquenotata, Simon, in Schultzes Forsch-reise Zool. Jena,

Vol 10; pe lS. oO:

Specimens—2 9 9 and 1 2 juv. (No. 3865); locality not stated,

but probably Bushmanland.

These specimens agree in markings of abdomen, ete., with descrip-

tion of U. quinquenotata. The sternum is slightly dark edged, and is

unicolorous with the coxae and femora, the latter being light brown

below.

The vulva is distinct, as in fig. 128. Simon gives no figures

of the vulva of guinquenotata, and although the above specimens are

considered to agree with Simon’s description, they may prove to be a

distinct species.

UrRoctTEA SCHINZI, Sim.

1887. U. schinazi, Sim., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (6) vol. 7, p. 370. 2.

S935. as Sim., Araign. 2nd ed., vol. 1, p. 451. 9.

NOS ,, Sim., in Sehultzes Forsch.-reise Zool. Jena, vol. 16,

Dulesae ee

Specimens. —4 2? 9, 1 juv. g and ljuv. 2 (No. 3717) from Namies

(Kenhardt Div.), Bushmanland (M. Schlechter, 3/1898).

Compared with U. septenmnotata the 9 9 have the vulval cleft

narrower and the entire genital surface more wrinkled and lacking in

the lateral brown markings ; the juvenile specimens have black abdo-

mens with 5 light conspicuous spots; terminal one angular, and with

2 spots anteriorly and 1 posteriorly to the latter; carapace, legs and

sternum light yellow. They may possibly Le the juveniles of a different

species although they occur with the above, since the abdominal

markings are very distinct.

1 2 (B 711, R. M. Lightfoot, 10/1911) from Jackals’ Water, Little

Namaqualand, shows traces of 7 spots on a cinereous abdomen but

480 Annals of the South African Museum.

has the vulva as in U. sehinzi. 2 2 2 (Nos. 3700 and 3708) from

Naroep, Bushmanland, agree with U. schinzi; also 1 9 (No. 3712)

from Henkries, Bushmanland; and 1 ? (No. 3721) from Eitries,

Bushmanland ; all latter collected by M. Schlechter, 13/98.

Famity CLUBIONIDAH.

SupramMity CORINNINARH.

Gren. CETO, Sim.

CrrTo CURVIPES, n. sp (Plate XXIX, fig. 18 a—p).

Specimens.—One $ (No. B 2742, Type); Gt. Winterhoek Mts.,

Cape, altitude 4200-4700 ft. (R. W. Tucker, 19/11/16).

Colour.—Cephalothorax pale brown, redder anteriorly; legs and

abdomen pale testaceous, latter mfuscated posteriorly around and

above the spinners ; dorsal surface covered with a scutum of the same

colour as the posterior carapace. Sternum very pale brown; coxae

pallid; chelicera dark brown.

Carapace.—Oval, broadest opposite 2nd pair of legs, and gradually

narrowing posteriorly to them, and forming an almost rectangular

ocular portion anterior to the Ist pair of legs. Clypeus narrow, not

as wide as the anterior laterals. Surface moderately convex, glabrous,

but minutely punctate; cephalic portion only very slightly higher

than the thoracic; latter portion sloping shortly but at a moderate

angle posteriorly. Thoracic stria moderately long.

Hyes—¥rom above, the anterior row appears slightly recurved ;

medians: larger than the laterals, and less than $ a diameter apart ;

laterals nearer to medians. Posterior row strongly recurved, and

wider than the anterior row; median eyes slightly more than a

diameter apart, median area nearly as long as wide and _ slightly

wider posteriorly ; posterior lateral equidistant from the medians, and

facing backwards and sideways. Seen from in front the anterior

row appears slightly procurved, and the posterior row straight.

Abdomen. —About the same length as the carapace, and much

narrower; slightly broader posteriorly ; covered with a scutum over

tne entire length dorsally, and with an epigastric scutum ventrally.

Spinners.—Inferior spinners short, and subcylindrical; superior

spinners about equal in size, and slightly more posterior in position.

Sternum.—Marked with a line parallel to the border; smooth,

broad, and shield-shaped ; not produced anteriorly, but extending to

the posterior border of coxa IV; not truncated.

Contributions to the South African Arachnid Fauna. 48]

Labium.—Longer than broad and extending over } way up the coxae

of the pedipalps, which incline inwards slightly over its apex.

Coaxae.—Coxa I longer than coxa IV; coxae of pedipalps with a tuft

of stout hairs apically.

Chelicera.—Stout; fangs moderately long, grooves apparently

muticous.

Palpi.—Femur straight, moderately long ; tibia spined as in fig. 18 B ;

tarsus elongated, surpassing tarsal organ; latter with an external

process as in fig. 18 a. Patella also spined.

Legs.—In order of length 1, 4,2, 3. Tarsus I straight, cylindrical

in shape, and slightly broader anteriorly ; very sparse fine or scopular

hairs, together with a row of numerous small spines down each side

of the under surface; claws very short and hidden by short fascicles.

Metatarsus about 4 longer than the tarsus; no scopula, but with

about 14-15 pairs of small spinules, and 1-2 spines on the under

surface; tibia with 4 long spines on the under surface; patella and

femur muticous. Tarsus and metatarsus II similar to I, but shorter

and with less numerous spinules (10-11 pairs on the metatarsus) ;

tibia with 4-5 strong spines on the anterior border of the under

surface, and 3-4 distally on the posterior border. Tarsus III short

and curved upwards in the centre and hinder portion ; well clothed

with fine to stout bristles on the under surface; claws about as long

as the fascicles, and bearing 1-2 teeth; metatarsus long, about

2; times as long as the tarsus, slightly swollen distally and with

an apical patch of coarse scopular hairs on the under surface; the

metatarsus also appears slightly curved,and bears 1 spime on the anterior

surface and 3 on the lower posterior surface; tibia and femur bear

a few spines. ‘Tarsus [V also curved similar to IIT; bristles on the

lower surface longer; metatarsus very long, about 3 times as long

as the tarsus; also narrowing anteriorly and then slightly swelling

distally, and bearing a small patch of coarse scopula on the under

surface, and 3-4 apical, and 35-4 other spines; tibia also with 3—4.

spines; patella muticous ; femur with 1-2 spines. Femur I is much

shorter than femur LV.

Measurements.—Carapace 2°3 mm. in length. ‘Total length 5 mm.

SupramMity LIOCRANEAR.

Gren. RHAEBOCTESIS, Sin.

The following species of this genus appear related also to the Dras-

sidae, in that the carapace and mouth-parts resemble those of Theuma,

482 Annals of the South African Museum.

the claws those of Anagraphis, whilst the median spinners, as noted by

Simon (Hist. Nat. des Araign. 2nd ed., 1897, p. 136), closely resemble

those of Rebilus.

RHAEBOCTESIS TRINOTATUS, n. sp. (Plate XXVIII, fig. 7).

Specimens.—1 29 (B5253, Type), Salisbury, 8. Rhodesia (R. W.

Tucker, 4/17). 22 2 (B4486), Florida, Transvaal High Veld (R. W.

Tucker, 12/18).

Colour.—Carapace dark brown; legs slightly lighter; tarsus IV

with median heht band; dorsal surface of abdomen cinereous black,

under surface lighter; sternum median brown, coxae lighter.

Carapace.—Width across the ocular area just over } the greatest

width ; surface clothed with fine dark appressed hairs. Clypeus much

narrower than the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.

Mazwillae—Resembling those of Drassidae, particularly Thewma.

Eyes.—Seen from above the anterior row is straight to slightly

recurved; lateral eyes slightly larger than the medians; medians

almost touching the laterals, but shghtly more distant from each

other. Posterior row straight and wider than the anterior row;

laterals larger than the medians, and about the same size as the

anterior laterals; medians oblaue, pearly, and subaneular, and nearer

to each other than to the laterals.

Median ocular area wider posteriorly and slightly longer than wide.

Sternum.—Broad oval, slightly longer than broad.

Legs—In order of length 4,1, 2,3. Tarsus and metatarus of Ist

lee scopulate to base; also scopular hairs anteriorly on inner side of

the tibia. Tarsus IL scopulate; metatarsus less densely so; meta-

tarsus I with 1 basal spine, IL with 2 basal spines; tarsus III with

scopula of bristly hairs, metatarsus with only a few scopular hairs.

Tarsus IV with a coarser scopula, metatarsus with bristly hairs,

especially anteriorly on the under surface. Tarsi not spined. Posterior

legs more heavily spmed than the anterior.

Pedipalps—Tibia longer than patella; tarsus slender and bearing

apical toothed claw.

Chelicera.—Bearing “ tache basale” ; inferior border of groove with

2 strong teeth, superior border with 3.

Abdomen.—Lung opercula distinct and well marked; also a trace

of a ventral tracheal stigma anterior to the spinners.

Spinners.—As in Text-fig. 142, p. 137, Hist. Nat. des Araign., 2nd ed.

Vulva.—As in figure; 2 distinct lateral cavities and 3 small hooded

pockets.

Measurements.—Carapace 2°75 mim. in length; total length 7 mm.

Contributions to the South African Arachnid Fauna. 483

RHAEBOCTESIS SECUNDUS, n. sp. (Plate XXVIII, fig. 11 a-s).

Specimens.—2 g g and 2 ? ? (9482, Types), Hanover (S. C. Cron-

wright Schreiner, 9-10/01) ; also 42 9 and 1 @ from the same and

neighbouring localities (id., 10/01—3/02).

2. Colowr.—Carapace medium brown, with darker radiations from

a prominent median stria; cephalic portion slightly darker and redder ;

chelicera reddish-brown; legs, coxae and sternum golden-brown ;

abdomen testaceous.

Carapace.

Width across the posterior row of eyes } the greatest

width ; surface clothed with appressed golden hairs. Clypeus narrower

than the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.

Eyes.—Anterior row straight when seen from in front; shehtly

recurved from above; medians subequal to the laterals and shghtly

nearer to them than to each other. Posterior row much wider than

the anterior and slightly recurved; medians flat, subangular and

nearer to each other than to the laterals. Median ocular area longer

than wide, and scarcely wider posteriorly.

Chelicera.—As in R. trinotatus.

Sternwm.—I1+ times as long as broad.

Legs.—Tarsi and metatarsi I and II densely scopulated ; metatarsus

I with 1 median and 2 basal spines on the under surface ; metatarsus

with the median spine sometimes absent. Metatarsus III with a

scopula of bristly hairs. Metatarsus IV clothed with bristles on the

lower surface, and bearing sparse white plumose hairs on the sides,

especially on a lighter median band.

As in R. trinotatus.

Abdomen.—Ventral tracheal stigmata indistinct; spimners as in

R. trinotatus.

Vulva.—As in fig. 11 a.

Pedipalps.

S$. Colour.—Slightly lighter than the ?.

Width across the posterior row of eyes } the greatest

width ; clypeus less than } the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.

Eyes.—Seen from in front the anterior row is straight; the laterals

are larger than the medians and touching them; medians less than

1 qa diameter apart. Posterior row straight, otherwise as in @.

Median ocular area only very slightly longer than wide and narrower

anteriorly.

Chelicera.—As in 9, but longer and therefore having the teeth more

widely separated.

Sternum.—AS In 9.

Legs.—Tarsus I scopulated, metatarsus scopulate anteriorly and

Carapace.

AR 4. Annals of the South African Museum.

bearing a median and 2 basal long stout spines; similarly with the

tarsus and metatarsus of the 2nd leg, but the metatarsus bears

2 median as well as 2 basal spines. arsi IIT and IV with bristles on

the under surface and each with an anterior to median whitish band ;

all the tarsi are slender, especially [V and I; metatarsus IV 22 times

the length of the tarsus.

Pedipalp.—tTibia slightly longer than the patella, bearing on its

outer surface a median cluster of spiniform bristles and a short curved

apical projection, and on the inner surface 4 long spines and numerous

long stout bristles. Tarsus and palpal organ as in fig. 11 B.

Spinners.—Superior spinners more cylindrical than in the ° ; median

spinners shorter and more slender and not compressed as in the 9;

superior spinners cylindrical but not so stout as the inferiors.

Measurements.—Length of carapace, 9 49mm; ¢ 35 mm. Total

length, ? 12:3 mm., ¢ 76 mm.

RHABEBOCTESIS TRANSVAALENSIS, n. sp. (Plate XXVIII, fig. 10 a—s).

Specimens.—4 9 Qand 2¢ ¢(B 4487, Types.) Florida, Transvaal,

High Veld (R. W. Tucker, 12/18).

2. Colowr.—Carapace medium brown, redder and darker anteriorly,

and with slight radiate infuscation; legs similar in colour, becoming

darker distally, tarsus with the trace of a pale median band.

Abdomen infuscated dorsally, pale ventrally.

Carapace.—As in R. trinotatus; clypeus less than the radius of an

anterior lateral eye.

Eyes.—As in BR. trinotatus.

Chelicera, pedipalps, etc., also as in R. trinotatus.

Legs —Tarsus I scopulate and spineless; metatarsus scopulate to

the base and bearmg 2 basal spines; tibia with a few scopular hairs

anteriorly ; 2nd leg similar, tibia with fewer scopular hairs. Tarsus IIT

clothed with bristles on the under surface; metatarsus bearing a few

bristles and numerous long spines.

Abdomen, spinners, etc., as in PR. trinotatus.

Vulva, ete., as in fig. 10 a.

&. Colowr.—Slhightly lighter than the °.

Other characters as in the description of the ¢ of R. secundus.

Legs.—Metatarsus I with 2 median and 2 basal spines; 2nd leg

similar ; scopular hairs more bristle-like than in the 9 ; otherwise as

in R. secundus.

Pedipalps.—Tarsus and palpal organ as in fig. 10 B.

Measurements. —Length of carapace 2 39, ¢ 3 mm.; total length

? 94 mm., ¢ 61mm. ‘These specimens and the 2 examples of

Contributions to the South African Arachnid Fauna A485

R. trinotatus taken at the same time and locality strongly resemble the

genus Xerophaeus Fam. Drassidae in their appearance and move-

ments when alive; also they were taken from the same habitat as

specimens of Xerophaeus, from which, at the time, they were

indistineuishable.

VHAEBOCTESIS EXILIS, n. sp. (Plate XXVIII, fig. 9).

Specimens.—1 ¢ (B 4476, Type), Messina, N. Transvaal (R. W.

Tucker, 12/18).

Jolouwr.—Carapace medium brown with fairly strong infuscated

mottling, especially laterally ; legs lighter in colour, strongly infus-

cated proximally, and becoming slightly redder distally. Abdomen

ereyish-black on the dorsal surface; ventral surface pale with bright

brown epiginal plate.

Carapace, eyes, etc., as in BR. secundus; eyes differ slightly in that

anterior row is somewhat procurved, and median ocular area is

noticeably longer than wide.

Mavillae.—Stronely resembling those of Drassidae; oblique impres-

sion, however, does not reach to the outer border.

Legs.—Tarsus I lightly scopulate ; metatarsus I with scopular hairs

anteriorly, and with 1-2 median and 2 basal spines ; 2nd lee similar,

with 0-2 median and 2 basal spmes. ‘Tarsus IIT bearing bristles on

the under surface ; no median white band present. Fourth legs missing.

Pedipalps.—Tibial spine short, stout, and curved upwards and

inwards. Palpal organ as in fig. 9.

Measurements.—Carapace 2°8 mi. in length; total length 5°5 mm.

RHAEBOCTESIS MATROOSBERGENSIS, n. sp. (Plate XXVIII, fig. 8).

Specimens—1 9 (B 8456, Type), Matroosberg Mts., C.P., 5000-—

6000 ft. (R. W. Tucker, 11/17).

Colour.—Carapace light brown, darker anteriorly ; chelicera reddish-

brown ; legs light brown. Abdomen dull grey dorsally and ventrally

sternum light brown, dark edged.

Hyes.—F¥ ont row straight to recurved ; medians about a diameter

apart, but less so from the larger laterals. Posterior row very slightly

recurved, medians angular and subequal to the laterals ; laterals sub-

equal to the anterior laterals. Clypeus not exceeding the diameter of

an anterior median eye.

Chelicera.—As in R. trinotatus.

Legs.—Metatarsus I scopulate laterally almost to the base, and with

2 median and 2 basal spines on the under surface; tibia with no

4.86 Annals of the South African Museum.

scopular hairs, 2 median and 1 basal spines. Metatarsus IV bearing

bristles in place of scopular hairs, and with the usual pale band

centrally.

Vulva.—As in figure.

Measurements. —Leneth of carapace 4 mm. ; total length 10 mm.

CORRECTIONS.

In the paper on South African Arachnida (1), Ann. 8S. African

Museum, vol. 17, pt. 2, the following alterations in specific names

should be made :

Moggridgea latus, n. sp., p. 81, to M. lata.

Hermacha fulvus, n. sp., p. 109, to H. fulva.

Hermacha nigrispinosis, n. sp., p. 112, to H. nigrispinosa.

The type of Hermacha purcelli, n. sp., p. 114, should be No. B 2610

instead of B 2670, and that of H. nigrispinosa, p. 112, B 2983 instead

of B 2595.

The specimens identified as Thelechoris australis (p. 120) are now

Allothele caffer (p. 442) ; also in the description of the same (p. 120,

line 25) read “ procurved” for ‘‘ recurved.”

Also on p. 126, line 3, read form (c) for form (e).

Contributions to the South African Arachnid Fauna.

Adonea .

Allothele

auricula (Diores) .

australis (Hersiliola)

australis (Allothele)

australis (‘Thelechoris) .

BARYCHELIDAE

bicornis (Hersilia)

bifurcata (Diores)

eaffer (Allothele) .

capensis (Diores) .

cassetti (Ischnothele)

Ceto : :

CLUBIONIDAE .

colsoni (Dresserus)

CTENIZIDAE

curvipes (Ceto)

depressus (Hresus)

deserticola eee

Diores :

Diplothele

DIPLURIDAE

Dresserus

druryi (Diores)

echinatus (Eresus)

ERESIDAE .

Eresus

exilis (Rhaeboctesis)

fumosus (Hresus)

Hermacha

Hersilia

HERSILIIDAE

Hersiliola

Idiops :

incerta (‘T'ama)

Ischnothele

jonesi (Diores)

INDEX.

PAGE K

. 451 | kannemeyeri (Dresserus)

. A772 | lata (Moveridgea)

- 441, 486 M

macequece (Diplothele)

PAGE

. 454

matroosbergensis (Rhaeboctesis) .

440 Mogeridgea .

. 478 N

. 460 | namaquensis (Eresus) .

nigellus (Dresserus)

nigrispinosa (Hermacha)

: 463 12

. 444 | parva (Adonea)

. 480 | poweri (Diores)

. 480 | pullus (Idiops)

. 453 | pungwensis (Hersilia) .

. 489 | purcelli (Eresus) .

. 480 | purcelli (Hermacha)

. 445 | quinquenotata (Uroctea)

. 452

. 459 R

. 440 | Rhaeboctesis

. 441

. 453 Ss

_ 464 | salisburyensis (Diores) .

schinzi (Uroctea)

schreineri (Dresserus) .

_ 447 | secundus (Rhaeboctesis)

| septemnotata (Uroctea)

_ 445 | sevicatus (Dresserus)

_ 485 | setosus (Diores)

Stegodyphus

48) Tama.

teretis (Allothele)

486 Thelechoris .

473 transvaalensis (Rhaeboctesis)

472 trinotatus (Rhaeboctesis)

. 472 U

Uroctea

_ 439 UROCTEIDAE

. 476 V

. ddd | variegata (Adonea)

. 464 | ZODARITDAE

. 481

. 468

. 479

457

453

_ ATT

. 459

. 470

. 452

. 476

. 442

Vaan,

4.86

. 454

. 482

ATT

. ATT

. 461

488 Annals of the South African Museum.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES XXVIII ann XXIX.

PLATE XXVIII.

FIG.

1.—Allothele teretis,n. sp. A ands. Pedipalp and papal organ of g. c. Tibia

and metatarsus of 2nd leg of g.

2.—Adonea parva, n. sp. Palp of 3, ventral surface.

3.—Diores auricula, n. sp. Vulva of 9.

4.—Diores druryi,n. sp. Vulva of 2.

5.—Diores capensis, n. sp. Palp of ¢, ventral surface.

6.—Diores jonesi, n. sp. A. Vulva of 2. B. Palp of g, ventral surface.

7.—Rhaeboctesis trinotatus, n. sp. Vulva of 9.

8.—Rhaeboctesis matroosbergensis, nu. sp. Vulva of °.

9.—Rhaeboctesis exilis,n. sp. Palp of g from ventral surface.

10.—Rhaeboctesis transvaalensis,n. sp. A. Vulva?. B. Palp g.

11.—Rhaeboctesis secundus,n. sp. Aa. Vulva?. B. Palp 2.

PLATE XXIX.

FIG.

1.—Eresus purcelli,n. sp. Vulva of 2.

2.—Eresus depressus, n. sp. A. Vulva of 9. B. Profile of 2 carapace. c.

Ditto, E. funosus.

3.—Eresus fumosus. Palp of g, ventral surface.

4.—Dresserus colsoni,n. sp. Vulva of ¢.

5.—Dresserus kannemeyeri,n.sp. A. Palp of ¢, ventralsurface. s. Cribellum

3d. oc. Vulva of 9.

6.—Dresserus nigellus, u. sp. Vulva of 9.

7.—Dresserus schreineri, n. sp. A. Palp of ¢, ventral surface. 3. Profile of

g carapace. co. Ditto of D. kannemeyeri.

8.—Dresserus sericatus,n. sp. Vulva of 2.

9.—Hersiliola australis. Palp of g, lateral view of under surface.

10.—Hersilia bicornis,n. sp. A. Vulvaof 2. B. Palp of 7, lateral view.

11.—Hersilia pungwensis, n. sp. Palp of g, lateral view.

12a.—Uroctea septemnotata,n. sp. Vulva of 9°.

128.—Uroctea quinquenotata,n. sp. Vulva of @.

13.—Diores bifurcata,n. sp. A. Eyes. 3B. Vulva of 9. oc. Tibia of ¢ palp.

p. Palp of g, lateral ventral view. &. Chelicera and anterior carapace.

14.—Diores poweri, n. sp. A. Mouth parts. Bs. Fang of chelicera. c. Eyes.

pv. Vulva of 9. ‘

15.—Diores salisburyensis,n. sp. A. Palp of g, ventral view. B. Ditto, dorsal

view.

16.—Diores salisburyensis, n. sp. Vulva of §.

17.—Diores setosus,n. sp. Vulva of 9.

18.—Ceto curvipes,n. sp. A. Palp of g, ventral view. xs. Patella and tibia of

3 palp.

Ann. S. Afr. Mus. Vol. XVII. Plate XX VITT.

R. W. T. del. Adlard § Son g& West Newman, Ltd.

Ann. S. Afr. Mus. Vol. XVII. | Plate XXIX,

R.W. T. del. Adlard 4 Son & West Newman, Ltd.

( 489 )

13.—On Some New Species and others of Fossorial Hymenoptera

in the South African Musewm.*—By Rowuianp EH. TURNER,

HZ:S., ELE:S,

Faminy SCOLIIDAE.

Supramity HLIDINALR.

BRAUNSOMERIA PERINGUEYI, Sp. 0.

g. Niger, mandibulis, clypeo basi nigro, tuberculis antennalibus,

macula frontali sub ocello antico, macula parva inter ocellos posticos,

vertice linea transversa mediana, orbitis internis externisque oculorum

fasciis ad verticem continuatis, pronoto macula utrinque antice, fasciaque

continua postice, mesonoto macula mediana, scutello fascia interrupta,

mesopleuris antice linea verticali,, postscutello, tergitis 2-6, sterni-

tisque 2-6 fascia lata apicali macula migro utrinque includente, seg-

mento primo dorsali fascia lata apicali, segmento ventrali septimo,

femoribus subtus et apice, tibis anticis intermediisque, tibiis posticis

basi tarsisque basi flavis; flagello articulis 8 apicalibus brunneo-ferru-

gineis ; alis hyalinis, stigmate venisque ferrugineis.

Long. 10 mm.

d@. Antennae nearly as long as the thorax and abdomen combined ;

first jot of the flagellum almost hidden in the apex of the scape; the

third about half as long again as the second; the antennal tubercles

prominent. Head subquadrate ; deeply punctured ; eyes oval, separated

from the hind margin of the head by a distance equal to their own

breadth, not emarginate. Posterior ocelli much further from the hind

margin of the head than from each other. Clypeus short, subconcave,

the anterior margin broadly truncate. Thorax rather strongly punc-

tured ; pronotum as long as the mesonotum, a little narrowed anteriorly,

the anterior margin straight. Median segment closely punctured, the

sides of the segment clothed sparsely with white hairs. Abdomen

smooth and shining ; first segment with a very short petiole, obliquely

truncate anteriorly above the petiole, the dorsal surface behind the

truncation shorter than the second segment and slightly constricted at

the apex; the abdomen slightly narrowed from the middle to the

extremities. Aculeus of the hypopygium recurved and fairly long, the

emargination of the seventh tergite narrow and fairly deep. Radial

* The types of the new species are in the South African Museum.

Oo”

490 Annals of the South African Museum.

cell very short, the costal margin beyond the stigma no longer than

the first abscissa of the radius. Only two cubital cells; the second

long on the cubitus but very short on the radius, the second abscissa

of the radius equal to the first. Second cubital cell receiving the first

recurrent nervure just before one-third from the base, the second at

the extreme apex.

Hab. O’okiep, Namaqualand, November, 1885 (L. Péringuey).

This is a much larger species than B. quadraticeps Turn., the only

other known male of the genus. It differs also in only having two

cubital cells, the second transverse cubital nervure having become

obsolete. It is possible that this may be the male of B. mutilloides

Turn.

BRAUNSOMERIA COGNATA, Sp. NL.

3. Closely resembles B. peringweyi described above, but differs in

the shorter antennae, which are searcely longer than the abdomen, the

third joint of the flagellum being distinctly less than half as long

again as the second; the radial cell is shorter, its length on the costa

being much less than the length of the first abscissa of the radius,

extending on the costa very’ little beyond the stigma; the second

abscissa of the radius is also very short—much shorter than the first ;

the yellow colour on the head and pronotum is more extensive and the

legs are almost entirely yellow. The stigma is very pale yellow.

Long. 8 mm.

Hab. Junction of Marico and Crocodile Rivers, Transvaal. (R. W. E.

Tucker.)

Supramity ANTHOBOSCINAE.

Genus ANTHOBOSCA Grier.

ANTHOBOSCA FLAGELLARIA, Sp. 0.

g. Niger; clypeo, mandibulis macula basali, orbitis internis anguste

dimidio inferiore, vertice macula parva supra oculos, pronoto fascia

interrupta postice, tegulis basi, femoribus apice extremo, tibus supra

tarsisque pallidissime flavis; tegulis apice testaceis; alis hyalinis,

venls nigris.

Long. 9 mm.

do. Clypeus small, very sparsely punctured, the apical margin with

a sparse fringe of long whitish hairs; head finely and very closely

punctured ; antennae short and very stout, shorter than the thorax and

median segment combined, the two basal joints of the flagellum very

short, much broader than long, joints 3-8 nearly as broad as long, the

Some New Species and others of Fossorial Hymenoptera. 491

four apical joints tapering, distinctly longer than broad. Thorax and

median segment finely and closely punctured; abdomen finely

shagreened ; first tergite scarcely longer than its apical breadth ;

second tergite almost as long as the first, as broad at the apex as

long ; seventh tergite small, coarsely punctured ; hypopygium rounded

at the apex. Second abscissa of the radius shorter than the

first, less than one-third the length of the third; first transverse

cubital nervure strongly oblique, sharply elbowed near the cubitus ;

second and third transverse cubital nervures straight, almost at rght

angles with the cubitus. First recurrent nervure received just before

two-thirds from the base of the second cubital cell, second a little

beyond one-third from the base of the third cubital cell. Hind tibiae

distinctly serrate.

Hab. M’fongosi, Zululand (W. H. Jones), May, 1917.

Very near A. rufocaudata Turn., but differs in the much stouter

antennae, in the greater proportionate length of the basal tergites

compared with their breadth, and in the much greater extent of the

ss.

yellow colour on the le

-Famty PSAMMOCHARIDAE.

Genus BATOZONUS <Ashm.

Barozonus MUTATUS, Sp. Nn.

Q. Nigra; flagello aurantiaco, articulis tribus apicalibus infus-

catis ; scapo, tarsis articulo basali, femoribus apice extremo, tibiisque

ferrugineis, mandibulis basi, fronte clypeoque fusco-ferrugineis ; alis

fusco-violaceis, venis nigris.

Long. 15 mm.

Q. Clypeus almost transverse at the apex, the angles broadly

rounded. .Antennae tapering to the apex, the second joint of the

flagellum much longer than the third; eyes separated on the vertex

by a distance distinctly less than the length of the second joint of the

flagellum; the posterior pair rather nearer to the eyes than to each

other. Scutellum rather strongly convex; median segment opaque,

with a very distinct, but shallow, longitudinal groove in the middle,

Comb of the fore tarsi well developed, with three spines on the basal

joint; inner spine of hind calearia more than half as long as the hind

metatarsus; ungues of the fore tarsi bifid, of the others unidentate.

Third abscissa of the radius a little more than half as long as the

second, a little shorter than the second transverse cubital nervure ;

second recurrent nervure received beyond two-thirds from the base of

492 Annals of the South African Museum.

the third cubital cell. Cubitus of the hind wing originating very

shortly before the transverse median nervure.

Hab. Durban, Natal (W. Heygarth), April, 1913.

This is very near B. gowdeyi Turn., from Uganda, but differs in the

colour of the legs and antennae and in the presence of a distinct

sulcus on the median segment. The second cubital cell is very much

longer than in capensis Dahlb. (vindex Sm.), and the position of the

second recurrent nervure is different.

Genus ANOPLIUS Lepell.

ANOPLIUS INSIDIOSUS, Sm.

Pompilus insidiosus Sm., Descr. new spec. Hymen. p. 1438, 1879, 9.

Anoplius rhodesianus Bisch., Arch. f. Naturges. A 3, p. 60,1918, 2 2g.

Genus HEMIPEPSIS Dahlb.

HEMIPEPSIS TAMISIERI, Guc¢r.

Pompilus tamisieri Guérin, Lefebure: Voy. Abyssinie, vi, p. 356, 1848.

Mygnimia distanti Saussure, Distant: Natural. Transvaal, p. 220,

1892; 0°

I have no doubt that distanti is a synonym, though I have not seen

the species from as far south as Pretoria. It occurs in South

Rhodesia and throughout East Africa.

SUPERFAMILY SPHECOIDEA.

SuBFAMILY STIZINARE.

Genus STIZUS, Latr.

STIZUS FRANZI, Turn.

Stizus neavei Kohl, Rev. Zool. African. ii, p. 208, 1913 (nec Turner,

1912).

Stizus franzi Turn., Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xvii, p. 448, 1916.

Stizus congoensis Mant., Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, 3*, vii,

p: 076; 19ir7.

A specimen in the South African Museum has the fore wings flavo-

hyaline from the base to the basal nervure, thence fusco-hyaline to

the apex of the third cubital cell, the extreme apical margin almost

hyaline. The front is entirely black except the inner orbits and the

base of the clypeus is also black. There do not seem to be any

structural differences in the single female specimen in the collection,

so I treat it as merely a colour variety.

Hab. Stellenbosch (L. Péringuey), January, 1888.

Some New Species and others of Fossorial Hymenoptera. 493

Suspramity ARPACTINAE.

Genus AMMATOMUS Cost.

AMMATOMUS ELONGATULUS, Sp. 0.

gS. Niger; clypeo, scapo subtus, fronte sub antennis, pronoto

margine postico angustissime, postscutello linea transversa, segmento

dorsali primo macula apicali utrinque, segmentis dorsalibus 2-4 fascia

angusta apicali in medio angustissime interrupta, tarsisque posticis,

articulis apice extremo nigris, pallide flavis ; tegulis. callis humeralibus,

trochanteribus, femoribus subtus, tibus tarsisque posticis et inter-

medus brunneo-testaceis ; alis hyalinis, venis nigris.

Long. 8 mm.

¢. Eyes strongly convergent towards the clypeus, at the base of

which they are separated by a distance not quite equal to the length

of the scape. Antennae strongly clavate, the five apical joints at least

as broad as long; second joint of the flagellum a little longer than the

third and fourth combined. Posterior ocelli fully three times as far

from each other as from the eyes. Front and vertex subopaque,

sparsely, but rather strongly punctured; thorax coarsely, but not

very closely punctured ; the punctures on the dorsal surface and sides

of the median segment smaller and more scattered; the triangular

dorsal area of the median segment bounded by rather indistinct

furrows. Abdomen more sparsely and finely punctured than the

thorax, more finely and much more sparsely on the two basal tergites

than elsewhere; first tergite very narrow, forming a petiole, not

broadened to the apex, the sides almost parallel, longer than the

second tergite, which is about six times as broad at the apex as the

first; tergites 3-5 with a very sparse apical fringe of very short stiff

hairs. Seventh tergite opaque, almost smooth. Hind tarsi very long

and slender. Second abscissa of the radius nearly twice as long as

the first, more than half as long as the third, and distinctly longer

than the distance between the recurrent nervures on the cubitus.

Hab. M’fongosi, Zululand (W. EF. Jones), February, 1917. Another

specimen from Insiza, 8. Rhodesia. Easily distinguished from

spiniferus Buyss. and africanus Turn. by the very slender petiole,

and by the coarser sculpture of the thorax. A. spiniferusand africanus

are very close to each other, and in 1915 (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 8,

xvi, p. 287) I sank africanus as a synonyn. But Du Buysson states

that the second tergite is only half as broad again at the apex as the

first, whereas in africanus it is three times as broad, so that the two

can scarcely be identical.

494. Annals of the South African Museum.

Genus ARPACTUS Turn.

ARPACTUS (EUSPONGUS) JONESI, Sp. 0.

g. Ferrugineus; capite, mesonoto in medio, scutello, postscutello,

segmentoque mediano area basali nigris; mandibulis basi, clypeo,

fronte sub antennis, orbitis internis dimidio inferiore, scapo subtus,

pronoto margine postico, callis humeralibus, scutello linea transversa

apicali, postscutello linea transversa, segmentis dorsalibus duobus

basalibus fascia angusta apicali, quarto apice, quinto sextoque, femori-

bus anticis intermediisque subtus, tarsisque anticis imtermediisque

supra flavis; capite, pleuris, segmentisque dorsalibus 3-5 flavo-brunneo

pubescentibus; alis hyalinis, venis nigris, stigmate testaceo.

Long. 9 mm.

d. Eyes rather strongly convergent towards the clypeus, separated

at the base of the clypeus by a distance equal to rather less than

twice the length of the scape. Antennae short and rather stout,

shorter than the thorax and median segment combined, not clavate ;

the second joint of the flagellum equal to the third. Posterior ocelli

further from each other than from the eyes. _Mesonotum microscopi-

cally punctured, with four short delicate impressed lines from the

anterior margin not reaching the middle; a deep, transverse, strongly

crenulated groove at the base of the scutellum. Median segment

rugulose ; the triangular basal area large, well defined, very coarsely

longitudinally striated. Abdomen almost smooth; the first tergite

very slender, twice as broad at the apex as at the base, longer than

the second tergite, the latter fully three times as broad at the apex as

the first; seventh tergite almost smooth. Second abscissa of the

radius equal to the first or a little shorter, the third nearly four times

as long as the second. Cubitus of the hind wing originating a little

before the transverse median nervure. Fore tarsi without spines,

hind tibiae unarmed.

Hab. M’fongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), February, 1917.

This is nearly allied in structure to the European A. dissectus Panz.,

but has a longer and narrower petiole. I consider that the name

Arpactus Jurine should be used instead of Gorytes. No other species

of the subgenus Euspongus has been recorded from South Africa.

Type in South African Museum. Co-type in B.M.

Arpactus (LESTIPHORUS) KRAEPELINI, Brauns.

Gorytes kraepelini Brauns, Ann. Naturh. Hofmus. Wien. xui, p. 421,

Mesto} she Oe

One female in the South African Museum.

Hab. Dunbrody, March, 1912.

Some New Species and others of Fossorial Hymenoptera. 495

Susramiry NYSSONINAE.

Genus NYSSON L[atr.

NyssoN LUDOVICI, sp. 0.

S$. Niger; mandibulis basi, clypeo dimidio apicali obscure,

antennis, pronoto margine postico, callis humeralibus, tegulis, pedi-

busque, coxis exceptis, ferrugineis ; vertice puncto utrinque, segmenti

mediani spinis apicalibus, tergito primo macula magna utrinque ;

tergitisque 2-5 fascia apicali flavis; segmentis sexto septimoque

ferrugineis ; alis fusco-hyalinis, venis nigris.

2. Mari simillima, tergitis tertio quartoque fere omnino flavis,

secundo margine extremo, quinto lateribus flavis, fascia apicali obso-

leta ; antennis dimidio apicali infuscatis.

Long. ¢ ?, 10 mm.

¢. Eyes convergent towards the clypeus, but not quite as strongly

so as in capensis Handl., separated at the base of the clypeus by a

distance slightly exceeding twice the length of the scape ; the anterior

margin of the clypeus straight. Front and clypeus covered with

silvery pubescence, the head rugosely punctured, more coarsely on the

front than on the vertex, a median longitudinal carina reaching from

the base of the antennae half-way to the anterior ocellus ; posterior

ocelli nearly twice as far from the eyes as from each other. Hind

margin of the pronotum level with the mesonotum, almost transverse.

Mesonotum, scutellum, postscutellum and mesopleurae rugose; the

basal area of the median segment shining, with eight longitudinal

carinae, the sides of the segment reticulate, the spines at the apical

angles long and acute. The two basal tergites rather sparsely, but

not very finely punctured; tergites 3-6 opaque, microscopically and

closely punctured, the sixth tergite with marginal lateral carinae on

the apical half; seventh tergite granulate, the lateral margins raised

forming carinae, which are prolonged into a short blunt spine at each

of the apical angles ; the apical margin between the spines transverse,

thus differing from capensis, in which there is a rounded process between

the spines. Sternites 2-5 with a fringe of long pale hairs in the

middle of the apical margin.

2. The second sternite is rounded at the base, not forming an

angle. In both sexes the cubitus of the hind wing originates far

beyond the transverse median nervure.

Hab. M’fongosi, Zululand (W. H. Jones), April, 1916.

Very near capensis Handl., but differs in the seventh tergite of the

male, and in the somewhat broader face, which is due to the lesser

convergence of the eyes. The yellow colour on the tergites is also

496 Annals of the South African Museum.

somewhat differently distributed, and the frontal carina is more

strongly elevated.

Supramity LARRINAE.

Genus NOTOGONIA Cost.

NovroGoNIA DENTICULATA, sp. 0.

Q?. Nigra; palpis brunneis ; mandibulis fusco-ferrugineis, apice

nigris; femoribus tibiisque ferrugineis ; tarsis calearibusque fuscis

tergitis tribus basalibus fascia obscura apicali albido-sericea ; alis sub-

hyalinis, apice late fusco-hyalinis, venis fuscis ; unguiculis in medio

denticulatis.

Long. 1] mm.

Q. Clypeus and face clothed with short silver pubescence ;

clypeus short, the anterior margin almost transverse and narrowly

depressed. Second joint of flagellum a little longer than the third ;

eyes separated on the vertex by a distance equal to the length of the

second joint of the flagellum. Pronotum not reaching the level of the

mesonotum ; median segment slightly convex on the dorsal surface,

opaque, finely and indistinctly transversely striated, much longer than

broad, the posterior truncation almost vertical, with a median longi-

tudinal sulcus, the sides transversely striated, the striae obsolete in

the middle and at the apex, the sides of the segment opaque and

smooth, with delicate oblique striae in front. Sixth tergite sub-

triangular, the sides distinctly longer than the base, very narrowly

rounded at the apex and clothed with sparse pale fulvous setae; the

surface beneath the setae rather deeply punctured. Comb of the

anterior tarsi not very long, the metatarsus with four spines. Inner

spine of the hind calearia equal to three-quarters of the length of the

hind metatarsus. Tarsal ungues with a small tooth close to the

middle. Second abscissa of the radius very short, not half as long as

the third ; radial cell rather narrowly truncate at the apex.

Hab. Stella Bush, Durban, Natal (Marley), November, 1914—

January, 1915.

This can be easily distinguished from the numerous Ethiopian

species with similar coloration by the tooth on the tarsal ungues.

This is doubtless a sexual character in this species as in N. croesus Sm.

The distance between the recurrent nervures on the cubitus differs

individually.

NOTOGONIA CILIATA, Sm.

The eyes are far apart on the vertex, separated by a distance exceed-

Some New Species and others of Fossorial Hymenoptera. 497

ing the length of the two basal joints of the flagellum; the spines of

the fore tarsi are long and spathulate, the metatarsus with four long

spines and a short acute basal one; inner spine of the hind calearia

almost as long as the hind metatarsus. Median segment slightly

convex, the transverse striation of the dorsal surface delicate, subobso-

lete in the middle; sixth tergite broadly rounded at the apex. Second

abscissa of the radius very short, the first almost as long as the third.

Radial cell short, broadly obliquely truncate at the apex; third cubital

cell less than half as long again on the cubitus as on the radius.

Hab. Cape Town (ZL. Péringuey), March, 1915; Spectakel,

Namaqualand, November.

INDEX.

PAGE PAGE

A J

Ammatomus . 493 | jonesi (Arpactus) . . 494.

Anoplus 492

Anthobosea 490 K

Anthoboscinae 490 kraepelini (Arpactus) 494,

Arpactinae 493

Arpactus 494. 10;

B Larrinae . . 496

ludovici (Nysson) . 495

Batozonus 491 (Nyeeen)

Braunsomeria 489 M

re mutatus (Batozonus) 491

ciliata (Notogonia) 496 | N

cognata (Braunsomeria ) 490 nae 492

congoensis 4.92 Notogonia 496

D | Nysson . 4.95

| Nyssoninae 4.95

denticulata (Notogonia) 496 | y

distant . ; 492 | P

E | peringueyi (Braunsomeria) . 489

| PSAMMOCHARIDAE 491

Elidinae : : : 489 |

elongatulus (Ammatomus) . 493 =

EF rhodesianus 492

flagellaria (Anthobosca) 490 :

franzi (Stizus) 492 | s

Srann 492 | ScoLimIpAE 489

SPHECOIDEA . 4.92

H Stizinae 492

Hemipepsis 492 | Stizus 492

I Ab

insidiosus (Anoplius) 492 | tamisieri (Hemipepsis) . 492

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14.—New Species of Neuropterous Insects from South Africa

(Ephemerida, Megaloptera and Embiidina).—By T. Espen-

PETERSEN.

KPHEMERIDA.

Gren. ATALOPHLEBIA, Fat.

ATALOPHLEBIA PELLUCIDULA n. sp. (Figs. 1 and 2.)

3. Imago. Head and eyes blackish. Thorax castaneous with a

longitudinal median streak behind and with yellowish streaks on the

Fie. 1—Atalophlebia pellucidula, g. Forewing.

sides. Abdomen whitish, pellucid; the segments with narrow

blackish hind borders ; sixth segment also with some small dark brown

spots near the front margin; seventh segment with two larger brown

spots near the front margin, each enclosing a whitish spot; in the

eighth segment the front half is dark brown with two very small

whitish spots close to the front margin; ninth segment almost com-

plete dark brown above. Venter whitish; the terminal segment

somewhat brownish and reddish yellow at apex. Forceps greyish

white. Setae pale yellowish brown and brownish annulated. Legs

pale yellowish brown. . Femora with a narrow and indistinct brownish

band at base, a broad blackish one in the middle and at the tip.

Length of tarsal joint of intermediate and hind tibiae as in Af.

tabularis (Eaton, Monogr. Rec. Eph., pl. x, fig. 16h).

500 Annals of the South African Museum.

Wings hyaline with a faint yellowish tinge, especially in the ptero-

stigmatical area. Nervature blackish brown. In the forewing 6-8

cross-veins from base to the bulla ; between the bulla and the ptero-

stigma 4-5 cross-veins. The penis of the male is not cleft at the

tip (as far as I can see).

2. Subimago. Body almost coloured as in the imaginal stage,

but of a more dull appearance. Femora also dark-banded. Wings

with blackish-brown nervures.

¢. Length of forewing 18 mm., that of setae 29mm.; ? Length

of forewing 14 mm.

Fig. 2.—Atalophlebia pellucidula, 3. Forceps and penis, seen from below.

Three male specimens (imagines) and one female specimen (sub-

imago) at Gt. Winterhoek (Tulbagh leg.), 4800 ft., 1916. Six well-

defined cross-veins and in the pterostigmatic area about thirteen

strongly curved and anastomosed.

Length of body and forceps 13 mm.; forewing 12 mm.; setae

17 mm.

Three male specimens, Ceres, Cape, April, 1913 (Lightfoot leg.).

ATALOPHLEBIA TABULARIS, Eat. (Figs. 3 and 4.)

Atalophlebia tabularis, Eaton, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., p. 91, pl. x,

16 h, 1888,

With some hesitation I refer three specimens to this species, the

description of which was made from a single specimen (¢), kept in

aleohol. The specimens before me are much darker, probably due to

New Species of Neuropterous Insects from South Africa. 501

the fact that they are in a dried condition. I give below a description

of the specimens.

Head and upper part of eyes black, lower part of eyes black brown.

Thorax above shining, jet black, below and on the sides black. Abdo-

men dorsally dark pitchy brown with paler irregular spots; the

three terminal segments above darker and without pale spots. The

venter pale brown, darker at the apex. Forceps pitchy brown. Setae

pale brown. Legs dark brown; femora black at the knees. Wings

hyaline with a faint yellowish tinge, which is very strong in the

pterostigmatic area and at the base of costa, subcosta and radius in

the forewing. The nervature dark brown. In the costal area of

forewing are present ten weak cross-veins before the bulla, between

the bulla and the pterostigma.

Frias. 3 and 4.—Atalophlebia tabularis, g. a, Analappendages of male, seen

from below; b, anal part of forewing.

Gen. TRICHORYTHUS, Eat.

TRICHORYTHUS, Sp.

One female—specimen (subimago) collected at Smithfield, Orange

Free State, 1909 (Kannemeyer leg.).

The specimen cannot be referred to discolor, Burm., and hardly to

varicauda, Koll., from Upper Egypt.

I give a short description of the specimen.

Head and eyes black; head pale behind the eyes. Thorax greyish

brown with black spot along the front and the lateral margins.

Abdomen above blackish grey with pale annulations. Thorax and

abdomen below yellowish white. Setae white. Middle and hind-

legs yellowish white (fore legs lost). Wings lacteus. Costa and

especially subcosta and radius dark grey.

Length of body 5°5 mm.; of wing 10 mm.

Egg mass yellowish brown.

502 Annals of the South African Museum.

Gen. CLOEON, Leach.

CLOEON AFRICANUM, Hsb.-Peters.

Esben-Petersen, Ann. South Afr. Mus., vol. x, p. 184, 1913.

One male, Kimberley, 1912 (Power leg.), and one female, Ceres,

April, 1913 (Lightfoot leg.).

I refer the female to this species. It is smaller than the male; the

thorax is brown with a paler longitudinal median streak. The dark

annulations at the setal joints are broader than in the male.

MEGALOPTERA.

SIULIDAE.

LEPTOSIALIS, n. gen.

No ocelli (three very small tubercles are visible in front of the head).

Antennae rather pilose. Labrum four times broader than long, with

rounded lateral margins and with slightly emarginated front margin.

Prothorax twice as broad as long. Wings long and rather narrow.

The neuration is not so distinct as in Sialis. The costal area of fore-

wing is slightly broadened and only in the basal third part. The

cross-veins in the costal area are obliquely directed towards the sub-

costa. The subcostal area without cross-veins. The radial area

with four cross-veins in the forewing, three in the hindwing. The

first branch from Rs not forked. In the forewing M fuses with Cw’

for a short distance, and it forks one third out from base of wing;

in the hindwing it forks two thirds out from base. Cu and 2A

fork im both pair of wings near base. Fourth tarsal joint bilobed.

Genotype: Leptosialis africana, n. sp. (Fig. 5.)

This interesting genus, only known from South Africa, is nearer allied

to the American genus Protosialis than to the palaearctic-nearctic genus

Stalis, but its broad labrum and its elongated wings offer good and

distinct generic characters. It is the first genus of the Sialinae found

in Africa.

LEPTOSIALIS AFRICANA, 0. Sp.

Head, thorax and abdomen black. Lateral margins of labrum

greyish yellow. Head with small tubercles and several longitudinal

striae, but without smooth spots or markings as in the species of

Stalis. Legs yellowish brown; hind femora a little darker in their

middle. Third, fourth and fifth tarsal joint almost dark brown.

Membrane of wings sooty brown; the proximal half part darker than

New Species of Neuropterous Insects from South Africa. 503

the distal part. Nervature darker than the membrane. The basal

cross-vein in the costal area vertical, directed towards the subcosta ; all

the other cross-veins more or less obliquely directed. The four cross-

veins in the radial very dark and conspicuous; the other cross-veins

mostly darker than the longitudinal nervures.

Length of body 8 mm., of forewing 12 mm., of hindwing 10°5 mm.

One male specimen, Gt. Winterhoek Mountain at an altitude of

4300 ft., November, 1916, Tulbagh, Cape.

Fie. 5.—Fore- and hindwing of Leptosialis africana.

EMBIIDINA.

Gun. HAPLOEMBIA.

HAPLOEMBIA CAPENSIS n. sp. (Figs. 6 and 7.)

¢. Wingless. Head brownish black, somewhat narrowed behind,

with almost straight lateral margins and rounded hind angles; it is

about 1+ times as long as broad. Eyes rather small and inconspicuous.

Clypeus and labrum yellowish brown in some specimens, dark brown

with pale margins in others. Mandibles, except their tip, palpi and

antennae, yellowish brown. Antennae 12—19-jointed ; the basal joint

brownish black, robust, about twice as long as broad; the second

joint much smaller than the first and as long as broad; the third

joint as broad as the second, but as long as the first; the following

joints longer than broad and increasing in length towards the apex of

the antennae. The antennae with yellowish pilosity. Prothorax

about half as broad as the head, brownish black, almost quadrangular,

504 Annals of the South African Museum.

with slightly rounded front angles and emarginate lateral margins.

A somewhat curved transverse furrow one fourth from the front.

margin. An inconspicuous longitudinal median furrow from the

Fie. 6.—Haploembia capensis, . Anal appendages, dorsal view.

transverse furrow to the hind margin. Meso- and metathorax and

abdomen blackish brown; abdomen in some specimens a little paler.

Cerci yellowish brown. Legs brown; intermediate and hind tarsi

Fie. 7.—Haploembia capensis, 6. Hind tarsus.

yellowish. Basal joint of hind tarsi with two cupules on the under-

side. Body and legs with short yellowish pilosity.

2. Wingless, robust. Head only a little longer than broad, with

strongly rounded lateral margins and hind angles. Eyes inconspic-

uous. Clypeus dark brown with narrow blackish front margin.

New Species of Neuropterous Insects from South Africa. 505

Labrum pale. Antennae pale yellowish brown, 28 (?)-jointed. The

first antennal joint robust, twice as long as broad ; second joint much

smaller, and as long as broad; third joint about twice as long as

broad ; fourth as long as broad; the following joints longer than

broad, increasing in length towards the tip of the antennae. Pro-

thorax about as long as broad, narrowed in front ; one third from the

front margin a transverse furrow and on the dise a fine impressed

longitudinal median line. Head, thorax and abdomen dark brown;

prothorax a little paler. Cerci yellowish brown. Legs brown; joints

and tarsi paler. Hind tarsi with two cupules on the underside.

Body and legs with short yellowish pilosity.

Length of body: g 10-11 mm.; 9? 17 mm.

63 5,19, Dunbrody, Cape (Rev. J. O'Neil leg.).; 1 ¢, Dunbrody

(Rev. J. Vogt leg.). All the material kept in alcohol.

INDEX.

PAGE PAGE

africana (Leptosialis) . : . 502 | HapLlorMBia : : ; . 508

africanum (Cloéon) — . : . 502 | LEprosIALis . : ; : . 502

ATALOPHLEBIA . : : . 499 | MrGsLopTERA : : . 502

capensis (Haploembia). : . 508 | pellucidula (Atalophlebia) . . 499

CLOEON : : ‘ ; . 502 | tabularis (Atalophlebia) : . 500

EMBIIDINA . : F . 503 | TRICHORYTHUS : . 501

EPHEM ERIDA : : : . 499

(507 )

15.—South African Neuroptera. I.—By P. Espen-Petersen, Silke-

borg, Denmark.

Tue following descriptions and notes are based on material belonging

to the South African Museum, Cape Town, and I take herewith the

liberty to express to the Director, Dr. L. Péringuey, my best thanks

for his kind permission to work out the material belonging to that

institution.

Unfortunately descriptions and notes concerning the Neuropterous

fauna of South Africa are scattered in a large number of periodicals

and treatises, but I hope to succeed in giving complete lists of the

fauna.

Many of the species described from South Africa are certainly

synonymous with species described previously. Unfortunately I have

also made mistakes, but when such mistakes too often take place I

think it is mostly due to the fact that many species are described on

one specimen only differing from the typical form.

In the Chrysopidae it is quite inadmissible to describe a new

species on a single specimen, unless the specimen possesses characters

so distinct as to enable one to separate the species from already

known ones. Brownish, reddish or greyish markings on head, thorax

and abdomen of the Chrysopidae are not at all characters to rely

upon. Such markings are often produced by the drying of the insect.

Likewise the colour of the nervures in the wings is very often dependent

on the more or less complete maturity of the insect. The number of

cross-veins in the graduated series is also, as a rule, a very poor and

unreliable character.

OSMYLIDAE.

Gen. RHIPIDOSMYLUS.

RHIPIDOSMYLUS INTERLINEATUS.

Osmylus interlineatus, MacLachlan, Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. vi,

p. 199, 1869 (Natal ?).

Rhipidosmylus interlineatus, Kriiger, Stett. entom. Zeit. p. 25, 1913;

ibid. p. 74, 1914.

One fine specimen (?) of this interesting species from M’fongosi,

Zululand, May, 1891 (W. E. Jones leg.). The specimen agrees very

508 Annals of the South African Museum.

well with the description given by MacLachlan except with regard to

the five pairs of dark streaks on the Sc and R in the hindwing ;

these streaks are very inconspicuous. The fuscous, rounded and

raised spot on the hind margin of the forewing very distinct. It seems

to be a very scarce insect. Another ? example from Durban, Natal

(G. Leigh).

HEMEROBIIDAE.

Gey. HEMEROBIUS, Lin.

HEMEROBIUS ERRANS.

Navas, Voyage Alluaud et Jeannel en Afrique Orientale, Insectes

Neévroptéres, p. 31, 1914 (Brit. East Afr.).

One specimen, Cape Town; two specimens, Smithfield, Orange Free

State (Kannemeyer leg.) ; one specimen (without label).

The specimens agree very well with the description given by Navas.

Gren. MICROMUS, Ramb.

Micromvus TIMIDUS.

Hagen, Peters Reise nach Mossambique, Insecten, p. 91, taf. v, fig. 1,

1862 (Mozambique).

One specimen, Cape Town; one specimen, Stellenbosch, 1887

(Dr. L. Péringuey leg. ).

Micromus CAPENSIS, n. sp. (Fig. 1.)

Head yellowish to brownish yellow. Vertex with four large irregular

brown spots. Palpi brownish yellow. Antennae brownish yellow.

Thorax brownish yellow with large irregular brownish spots laterally.

Abdomen brownish yellow with irregular dark markings. Legs

yellowish; front and intermediate tibiae with a brownish spot a

little above the middle externally and another brown spot near tip

externally ; tip of tarsi pale brown. Wings with obtuse apex. Ptero-

stigma brownish yellow in the forewing, somewhat darker in the

hindwing. Longitudinal veins yellowish with short inconspicuous

dark streaks. Costal area in the forewing rather narrow; the first

6—8 cross-veins simple and unforked ; the rest forked. A row of small

brown spots along C. Four radial sectors; their origin blackish.

Four cross-veins in inner gradate series and eight in outer series; one

or two in the inner series sometimes blackish, and three or four in

the outer series nearest tip of the wing, also blackish and narrowly

South African Neuroptera. 509

shaded with brownish ; these shaded cross-veins form together with

a dark spot at the apical end of the pterostigma a short, dark,

irregular, abrupt streak. On the hind margin of the forewing small

dark streaks. The membrane hyaline with inconspicuous greyish-

brown shadows, but at the hind angle there is sometimes present a

quite blackish-brown oblong spot, with all the veins enclosed in it

blackish. This conspicuous spot is often broken up in smaller spots

or is sometimes quite absent. The second cross-vein between M and

Cu blackish and dark-shaded, From this dark spot a faintly brownish

oblique streak is sometimes produced, following the three basal cross-

veins in the inner gradate series and ending at the basal end of the

pterostigma. Hindwing hyaline; all the veins yellowish except three

Fia. 1.—Fore- and hindwing of Micromus capensis.

or four of the cross-veins in the outer gradate series ; these cross-veins

together with a streak at their junction with the longitudinal veins

blackish brown.

Length of forewing 7°5-8°5 mm.; of hindwing 6-7 mm.

Two specimens, M’fongosi, Zululand, April, 1911 (W. E. Jones leg.) ;

one specimen, Cape Col., S.W. Distr.; one specimen, Cape Town,

March, 1891 ; one specimen, Cape Town, April, 1885 (Dr. L. Péringuey

leg.); one specimen, Cape Town; one specimen, 1887 (Dr. L.

Péringuey leg.).

CHRYSOPIDAE.

With regard to the terms here used concerning the nervation in the

wings of the Chrysopidae I refer to my work, “ Results of Dr. E.

510 Annals of the South African Museum.

Mjoberg’s Swedish Scientific Expeditions to Australia, 1910-1913:

Neuroptera and Mecoptera,’ Arkiv for Zoologi, Bd. xi, 1918,

Stockholm.

Gen. NOTHOCHRYSA, MacLachl.

NorHOCHRYSA NEURODES.

Rambur, Hist. natur. Ins. Névropteres, p. 428, 1842 (Cape).

Nothochrysa finoti, Navas, Memorias Real Academia, Barcelona,

p- 405, 1908 (Natal).

Four specimens, Kentani, Transkei, Cape, 1899 (Rey. Kolbe leg.) ;

one specimen, Umzinkulu, Natal (Miss Stracham leg.) ; one specimen,

Hex River, Cape (L. Peringuey leg.); one specimen, Transvaal ; one

specimen, Ceres, Cape, December, 1912 (Lightfoot leg.).

This species is easily recognised. Prothorax twice as broad as long,

front angles truncate, a broad black streak at each side; this blackish

streak encloses often one or two pale small spots. Meso- and meta-

thorax also yellowish with blackish lateral margins. Abdomen in

matured specimens orange-coloured with blackish pleurae. Wings

rather broad and unmarked.

Besides the specimens here mentioned I have seen two specimens

from Cape Good Hope, December, 1817, in the Copenhagen Museum

(ex Coll. Westermann), and one specimen in the Stockholm Museum

(ex Coll. Paykull).

NoTHOCHRYSA VARIEGATA.

Chrysopa variegata Burmeister, Handbuch, p. 981, 1839 (Comoro

Islands) ; Schneider, Symbolae, etc. p. 147, tab. 54, 1851.

Chrysopa mozambica, Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p- 199, 1860

(Mozambique).

Chrysopa rufostigma, MacLachlan, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. p. 253,

1868 (Natal).

Nothochrysa sordidata, Navas, Memorias Real Academia, Barcelona,

p. 404, 1908 (Madagascar).

Nothochrysa impar, Navas, Broteria, Serie Zoologia, p. 99, 1912

(Afr. merid.).

Nothochrysa maculata, Esben-Petersen, Entom. Mitteil., Berlin,

p. 270, 1912 (Bonnefoi, Transvaal).

Nothochrysa zonata, Navas, Ann. Soc. scient. Brux. p. 324, 1914

(Abyssinia).

One specimen, Salisbury, 8. Rhodesia (G. A. K. Marshall) ; one

specimen, Burghersdorp, Cape, 1881 (Dr. Kannemeyer leg.).

Schneider has seen Burmeister’s type-specimen and has redescribed

South African Neuroptera. 511

and figured it in his Symbolae, ete. In Ent. Monthly Mag. p. 26,

vol. vi, 1869, MacLachlan states that mozambica and rufostigma stand

in svnonymy with variegata.

In my own collection I possess two specimens from Eritrea (Gunnar

Kristensen leg.), one specimen from Transvaal (cotype of maculata),

and one specimen from Lorenzo Marques. My two specimens from

Eritrea agree in every respect with the description of zonata. I have

also seen one specimen in the Stockholm Museum from Caffraria

(J. Wahlberg leg.).

The species is liable to vary. Frons and vertex shining, smooth and

sparsely punctate. The broad, yellowish prothorax has as a rule an

irregular, purple-coloured spot towards each angle. The forewings

have sometimes small brownish black spots in the basal and hind

part. Pterostigma long and reddish, but very often much paler

(I think this is due to the lesser degree of maturity). The wings are

long and slender and with rather acute tip. In the forewing 21-25

costal cross-veins ; 12—15 cross-veins between R and Rs; 6—7 cross-veins

between Rs and Psm ; 6-7 cross-veins between Psm and Pseu, and

12-14 branches from Psew to the hind margin, the 1-3 apical ones

forked.

The species is closely allied to N. aequalis, Walker, from India.

NorHOCHRYSA PERINGUEYI, n. sp. (Fig. 2.)

Face yellowish red. Vertex and thorax red. Palpi reddish. Frons

and vertex rugose and coarsely punctate. | Antennae brownish black;

the two basal joints yellowish red. Prothorax more than twice as

broad as long, with rounded front angles, and with a deep curved

transverse furrow one-third from base. The border of the hind margin

narrowly yellow, and on the front part of the dise two triangular more

or less distinct yellowish spots. Mesothorax red, with two yellowish spots

near the front margin and sometimes with a yellowish transversely

placed spot above the base of each wing. Metathorax red. Abdomen

reddish above with yellowish spots apically, paler ventrally. Legs

yellowish; femora with a broad dark band in the middle ; claws brown,

rather broad basally. Wings with somewhat acute tip. Longitudinal

veins yellowish. Base of Sc, of Cu, of Rs and of 1A in the forewing

often darker. In the forewing all the cross-veims except a few ones in

the apical part of the costal area blackish. The longitudinal veins

with a black spot at the junction with the cross-veins. The following

cross-veins are strongly blackish and narrowly shaded: cross-vein

between the stem of Mand the fureation of Cu, cross-vein between M,

512 Annals of the South African Museum.

and Cu,, apical cross-vein between Cu, and Cu,, cross-vein between

2A and 3A. The apical part of 24 and 384 is also blackish. At the

hind margin of the wing between the apex of 14 and the tip of first

branch from Pscw a blackish spot. In the hindwing all the cross-veins

except a few ones in the basal part of the costal area and sometimes

also a few ones in the outer gradate series yellowish. At the junction

of the cross-veins with the longitudinal veins often a minute blackish

spot. Pterostigma long, greyish yellow. In the forewing 19-24 costal

cross-veins; 12-15 cross-veins between R and Rs; 5-6 cross-veins

between Rs and Psm ; 5—6 cross-veins between Psm and Pseu ; 10-12

branches from Psecu to the hind margin, | or 2 of the apical ones forked.

In the hindwing 19-20 cross-veins in the costal area ; 12-15 cross-veins

between Rand Rs; 4-5 cross-veins between Rs and Psm ; ‘7-8 cross-

Hic. 2.—Claw of foretarsus. «a. Nothochrysa variegata.

b. Nothochrysa péringueyi.

veins between Psm and Pscu ; 11-12 branches from Pseu to the hind

margin, the 2-3 apical ones forked. Series of gradate cross-veins in

10 9

the forewing = in the hindwing =.

Length of forewing 19-21 mm., of hindwing 17-19 mm.

One specimen, Dunbrody (J. O'Neil); one specimen, Springbok-

fontein, 1873; one specimen, Calvinia Dist., 1892—all three localities

in the Cape Province.

The species has much likeness to variegata, but the rugose frons and

vertex, the markings of the prothorax, the difference in the nervature of

the wings and the shape of claws separate it easily from that species.

I name the species after Dr. L. Péringuey, who has done so much in

investigating the insect fauna of South Africa.

One species is still known from South Africa, viz. Nothochrysa

gigantea, MacLachlan, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., p. 252, 1867 (Natal).

I do not know the species; but its prothorax is scarcely as long as

South African Neuroptera. 5138

broad, pale olivaceous grey, the anterior angles slightly reddish, and it

has two short black lines on each side.

I suppose that gigantea is more closely allied to neurodes than to the

two other species.

Gren. ANKYLOPTERYX.

ANKYLOPTERYX VENUSTA.

Chrysopa venusta, Hagen, Peters Reise nach Mossambique, Insecta,

p. 90, 1862 (Mozambique).

One specimen, Durban, Natal (T. Innes), and one specimen, Durban,

April, 1915 (Bell Marley leg.). The last-mentioned specimen is some-

what immature.

ANKYLOPTERYX POLYSTICTA.

Navas, Broteria, Serie Zoologica, p. 48, fig. 6, 1910 (Zambéze).

One specimen, Barberton, Transvaal (Miss Edwards leg.).

Gen. CHRYSOPA, Leach.

CHRYSOPA VULGARIS.

Schneider, Symbolae, etc., p. 68, pl. vi, 1851.

Of this species a somewhat large number was sent me.

Seven specimens, Kimberley, Cape, 1912 (Bro. Power leg.); five

specimens, Smithfield, Orange Free State (Kannemeyer leg.) , three

specimens, Clanwilliam, Cape ; two specimens, Salisbury, 8. Rhodesia;

one specimen, Dunbrody, Cape; one specimen, Maseru, Basutoland ;

nine specimens, George, Cape; one specimen, Durban, Natal; one

specimen, Bushmanland, Cape (Lightfoot leg.) ; one specimen, Prieska,

Cape (Purcell leg.) ; ten specimens without locality.

The South African specimens differ in some points from the European

ones. The reddish or brownish-red streak on each cheek and on each

side of the clypeus are often wanting, and when they are present they

are not so distinct. The veins and the body are not so closely haired.

The European specimens form a rather homogeneous unity, and they

vary only in a small degree. Some specimens are more or less reddish

suffused on the face, some others possess faintly brown lateral margins

on the prothorax, or possess a dark indication on the costal cross-veins

at their junction with Sc; but in the African specimens we meet

- with two rather different forms—the usual broad-winged European

form with the rounded apex of the wings, and the narrow-winged

form with the rather acute tip of the wings and as a rule with more

lanceolate basal median cell in the forewing. Navas has described

514 Annals of the South African Museum.

this narrow-winged African form under the names bequaerti (Revue

Zoologique Africaine, p. 409, 1912) from Belgian Congo, and pudica

(Ann. Soe. scient. Brux., p. 82, 1914) from Transvaal. In my collec-

tion are twenty-four specimens (4) of the narrow-winged form from

Abyssinia and one ¢ from Madagascar, and amongst the materials

here dealt with several specimens (¢) are also present. At present

I am not able to arrive at any definite conclusion, whether we have

to do with a distinct species or only a geographical form.

I have prepared for the microscope preparations of the appendages

of the male of both forms, but it seems to me that the differences,

if any, are very small. Probably a close examination of the female

(which is not present amongst the narrow-winged specimens before me)

may decide the question.

There is another African species, Chrysopa congrua, Walker (Cat.

Neur. Ins. Brit. Mus., p.238, 1853— West Africa, Congo, Central Sahara),

belonging to the group in which the first cross-vein from Rs in the

forewing joins M outside the basal median cell; but this species is

easily distinguished by its dark brown antennae.

CHRYSOPA JEANNELI.

Navas, Vovage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeanne! en Afrique Orientale,

Insectes Névropteres, p. 36, 1914 (Brit. East Africa).

Chrysopa andresi, Navas, Memorias Real Academia, Barcelona,

p. 394, 1915 (Egypt).

Two specimens, Cape Town (L. Péringuey leg.) ; one specimen, Smith-

field, Orange Free State (Kannemeyer leg.) ; one specimen, Klerksdorp,

Transvaal (E. G. Alston leg.).

The four specimens differ in some degree, but it is easy to see that

they all belong to the same species. Face more or less suffused with

reddish or pale reddish brown. A black spot on each gena. Palpi

dark brown to blackish. No spot between the antennae. Vertex raised,

reddish brown ; along the front border of the elevation a blackish

A-formed streak in the two specimens. Antennae pale brown and

dark banded ; second joint almost totally black. Prothorax reddish

brown (with irregular blackish markings), broader than long, and with

truncate front angles. Meso- and metathorax with broad pale greyish

longitudinal median band and a broad blackish lateral streak.

Abdomen reddish brown with pale pleurae. The body dark brown

haired. Legs greyish yellow; intermediate and hind femora with a

broad brown band before the apex; tip of tibiae brown. Longitudinal

veins mostly pale in the basal half part of the wings; but the basal

South African Neuroptera. ; 515

fourth part of Sc in the forewing strongly blackish, and all the other

longitudinal veins with a long dark brown streak at the Junction with

the cross-veins. All the cross-veins and the most of the longitudinal

veins in the apical half part dark brown. Pterostigma pale greyish

brown, somewhat darker at its basal end. The hexagonal cell in the

forewing, touching the hind margin and lying just at the tip of Cus,

often totally brownish suffused; sometimes there are present only a

brownish spot at the tip of Cv, and a smaller one, where the second cross-

vein between Cu, and Cu, touches C,. In one specimen there are also

traces of small spots where the first branch from Cyv,, tip of 1A, 24 and

3A join the hind border. In the forewing 17-18 cross-veins in the costal

area; 9 cross-veins in the radial area; 4 cross-veins between Rs and

Psm; 6 cross-veins between Psm and Pseu. The basal median cell

lanceolate, and the first cross-vein from Rs joins M, within the cell.

In the hindwing 14-16 cross-veins in the costal area ; 8-9 cross-veins

in the radial area; 3 cross-veins between Rs and Psm. Gradate veins

ay ae

. . hal Pe . . . a—9 ro .

in the forewing 4g the hindwing 3 5° Veins scarcely blackish

haired.

Length of forewing 10°5 mm; of hindwing 8-9 mm.

The species is easily separated from all other African species known

to me by the blackish basal part of Se and by the brownish spot or

spots at the hind margin of the forewing.

CHRYSOPA CHLORIS.

Schneider, Symbolae, ete., p. 95, pl. 26, 1851.

One specimen, Stellenbosh, 1888, Cape (L. Péringuey leg.) ; two

specimens, M’fongosi, Zululand, October, 1911 (W. E. Jones leg.) ; one

specimen, Carnarvon, Cape, 1896 (E.G. Alston); one specimen, Potchef-

stroom, Transvaal (T. Ayres leg.) ; one specimen, Smithfield, Orange

Free State (Kannemeyer leg.).

I refer these six specimens to the species of Schneider, although

only one specimen exactly agrees with the description. The four

specimens have a bloody streak on each gena, on each side of the

clypeus, on the vertex close to the margin of the eyes and along the

exterior side of the basal antennal joint. These four specimens seem

to be somewhat immature. The sixth species is a rather old one, and

the head seems to be immaculate. With regard to the shape and to

the nervature of the wings they agree in every respect with the species

of Schneider.

Chrysopa sansibarica, Kolbe, Neuropteren Deutsch Ost Afrika, p. 35,

516 ; Annals of the South African Museum.

1897 (Sansibar), Chrysopa inopina, Navas, Ann. Soc. scient. Brux.,

p. 83, 1914 (Natal), Chrysopa marchionissa, Navas, Memorie Pontif.

Accad. Romana, p. 29, 1915 (Lorenzo Marquesa) are closely allied to

C. chloris and probably the same, but I do not know them.

CHRYSOPA KANNEMEYERI, 0. Sp.

Head, thorax and abdomen yellowish green. A distinct black spot

on each gena just below the antennae; another oblong black spot

between the antennae. Palpi blackish brown with paler annulations

at the joints. Antennae hardly as long as the forewing, pale brown,

darker towards the tip; basal joint stout and yellowish green. Pro-

thorax somewhat broader than long, with rounded front angles and

with short blackish brown hairs towards and along the lateral margins.

Legs yellowish green; tarsi faintly brownish; claws brown, only slightly

widened basally and with a weak tooth internally. Wings with rounded

tip. Pterostigma green, rather conspicuous. All the nervures greenish

and blackish-haired. The cross-veins in the middle part of the costal

area in the forewing seem to be faintly brownish in the three specimens

present. In the forewing 20 costal cross-veins ; 10-12 cross-veins

between Rand Rs; 5 cross-veins between Rs and Psm ; the first of

those join M, within the basal median cell; 6 cross-veins between Psm

and Pscz. From Psew 9 or 10 branches to the hind margin, the 2 or

3 apical ones forked. In the hindwing 16-18 cross-veins in the costal

area ; 9 cross-veins between R and Rs; 4 cross-veins between Rs and

Psm; 6 cross-veins between Psm and Pscu ; 9 branches from Pseu to

the hind margin, the 2 or 3 apical ones forked. Series of gradate

= in the hindwing a

Length of forewing 12 mm.; that of hindwing 10 mm.

Four specimens from Smithfield, Orange Free State (Kannemeyer

hem.

veins in the forewing

I take the liberty to name the species after the collector.

CHRYSOPA VENOSELLA, n. sp. (Fig. 3.)

Head yellowish. A broad transverse brownish red a-shaped band

below the antennae; a blackish streak on each gena and at each side

of the clypeus. Vertex with a cordiform brownish red elevation, the

front border of which is deeply blood-coloured ; the dise of the eleva-

tion in front with a yellowish median longitudinal streak. Vertex at

each side with a bloody narrow streak between the elevation and the

eyes. Palpibrownish. Antennae as long as the forewing, dark brown

South African Neuroptera. 517

with pale annulations at the joints. Basal joint brownish red above,

yellowish below. Prothorax broader than long, front angles rounded,

dise yellowish with irregular brownish red markings and dark hairs.

Meso- and metathorax with blackish brown spots. Abdomen reddish

brown dorsally, yellowish ventrally. Legs yellowish ; femora with a

reddish brown streak near their apex dorsally ; tibiae with a reddish

brown band near base and another close to their apex; tarsi pale

brownish ; claws brown and slightly widened basally. Wings broad

and with rounded apex. A brown spot close to the base of C in both

pairs of the wings. Nervature yellowish. Pterostigma yellowish green

and rather conspicuous. The longitudinal veins with brownish black

streaks at the junction with the cross-veins. Rs blackish at its origin.

Fig. 3.—Fore- and hindwing of Chrysopa venosella.

All the cross-veins and all the veins along the hind and apical margin

brownish black at their ends. In the forewing the cross-veins and the

marginal veins are mostly blackish brown, and only a narrow band in

their middle part is yellowish. The following cross-veins in the fore-

wing are totally blackish: the three basal cross-veins between Rs and

Psm ; the cross-vein from the fureation of M to Cu ; the two cross-veins

between Cu, and Cu, (the apical one is also strongly brownish shaded

at its lower end), and all the cross-veins in the gradate series ; in the

inner series they are also narrowly brownish shaded. In the forewing

18-21 costal cross-veins ; 9 cross-veins between FR and Rs ; 3 cross-veins

between Rs and Psm; the basal cross-vein joins M within the basal

median cell; 6 cross-veins between Psm and Pscu; 10 branches from

Pscu to the hind margin (the two apical ones are forked). In the

518 Annals of the South African Museum.

hindwing 17-18 costal cross-veins ; 8-9 cross-veins between Rand Rs ;

3 cross-veins between Rs and Psm; 6 cross-veins between Psm and

Pseu; 9 branches from Psew to the hind margin of the wings; the

two apical ones forked. Series of gradate veins in the forewing

4-5 hse ate 2d

“sin the hindwing ares

Length of forewing 12-13 mm., that of hindwing 10-11 mm.

Two specimens from Johannesburg, Transvaal, January, 1912

(H. Feltham leg.).

It is a very interesting species, which is nearly allied to the

European species venosa, Rbr.

GLENOCHRYSA, n. g.

Most of discal cells and several cells along the hind margin of

the forewing with hyaline metallic shining pustules, which are easily

observed when the wings are held in a certain direction against the

light. Pterostigmatical area, especially in the forewing, as a rule with

rather conspicuous cross-veins. Wings marked with spots. Several

veins and cross-veins strongly shaded. The basal median cell in the

forewing triangular.

Genotype: Glenochrysa typica.

This genus is a very interesting one with regard to the metallic

shining eye-shaped pustules in the cells of the forewing ; in this respect

its position is rather exceptional. The nervature of the wings is the

same as in the genus Chrysopa, with the exception that the new genus

possesses cross-veins in the pterostigmatical area. In this respect it is

allied to the genus Cintameva Navas (Revue Russe d’Entom., p. 214,

1914). The strongly-marked wings also give a peculiar appearance

to the genus.

GLENOCHRYSA TYPICA, n. sp. (Fig. 4.)

Face dark brown or blackish with a transverse pale band. Vertex

greenish with a semilunar elevation, the dise of which bears traces of a

longitudinal median dark streak posteriorly. Palpiblackish. Antennae

as long as the forewing, yellowish, becoming a little darker towards apex ;

basal joint with a broad black longitudinal streak exteriorly and

interiorly ; second joint blackish. Prothorax broader than long and with

truncate front angles. Pro- and mesothorax greenish with irregular

blackish markings. Metathorax blackish. Abdomen greenish with

blackish markings above, paler ventrally (colours of abdomen probably

changed in drying). Legs yellowish white; front and intermediate

tibiae with a blackish spot near base exteriorly and a blackish band

South African Neuroptera. 519

about in the middle. Wings rather broad, somewhat pointed at apex

(especially in the hindwings). Pterostigma yellowish brown in the

forewing, somewhat darker and more conspicuous in the hindwing.

The nervures greenish. The basal costal cross-vein in the forewing

blackish and narrowly brownish shaded; 2nd to 4th or 5th costal

cross-vein blackish at both ends; 5th to 8th or 6th to 10th totally

blackish and broadly brownish shaded (the shadows form a longitudinal

band); the rest of costal cross-veins in the forewing mostly totally

blackish brown. Three branches at the tip of the wing strongly

blackish and with a narrow brownish shade; the branches of the next

eight forks alternately pale brown and shaded with pale brown. Origin

of Rs blackish and surrounded by a large brownish black spot just

Fia. 4.—Fore- and hindwing of Glenochrysa typica.

below the brownish streak in the costal area. First and second cross-

veins from Rs to M blackish. The two cross-veins between Cu, and Cu,

blackish, and the second also broadly shaded with brownish. The tip

of Cu,, 1A, 2A and 34 blackish and brownish-shaded. All the other

cross-veins in the forewing greenish, and in the apical half part of the

wing they are also broadly shaded with yellowish brown. In the hind-

wing the basal costal cross-vein is green ; the other cross-veins coloured

like those in the forewing. At the tip of the wing three or four branches

blackish. All the cross-veins except two or three near the base of the

wing are greenish. Below & two spots; the first touches the spot in

the costal area and is very distinct and conspicuous; the second

touches the pterostigma and is more suffused. Along the hind margin

four spots, the first at the apex of Cu, and Cu,; the second spot

520 Annals of the South African Museum.

between the second and the third branch from Psew ; the third between

sixth to eighth branch from Pscew; and the fourth spot, which does not

touch the hind margin, is laying opposite to the pterostigma. In the

forewing 25-25 costal cross-veins ; 8 cross-veins between #& and Rs ;

4. cross-veins between Rs and Psm, the first of which joins M, within

the basal median cell; 6 cross-veins between Psi and Pscw; 10 branches

from Psew to the hind margin, the two or three apical ones forked.

In the hindwing 14-17 costal cross-veins from base of the wing to the

pterostigma ; 8 cross-veins between F and Rs; 4 cross-veims between Rs

and Psm; 6 cross-veins between Psm and Pscu; 8 or 9 branches from

Pscu to the hind margin, the apical ones forked. Series of gradate

ee Uo =. . 1-2

cross-veins in the forewing 5 in the hindwing 45

Length of forewing 10-11 mm., of hindwing 9-9°5 mm.

One specimen, Olekemeji, Ibadan, Nigeria (South African Museum),

and one specimen, Dubangui-Chara-Tead, Bangui (my collection, ea

Coll. le Moult, Paris).

GLENOCHRYSA PRINCIPISSA.

Cintameva principissa, Navas, Memorie Pontif. Accad. Romana,

p- 27, fig. 22, 1915 (Lorenzo Marquesa).

One specimen, Durban, January, 1915 (Marleiy leg.).

Of this beautiful species Navas has given a good description and

very good figures of the head and wings. The species is not so strongly

marked on the wings as G. typica.

Besides these two species, I know one more, Chrysopa splendida, Weele,

Notes Leyden Museum, vol. xxxi, p. 72, 1909 (Insulinde), which shall

be placed in the new genus. The last-named species is also described

by Navas (Broteria, Serie Zoologica, p. 103, fig. 4, 1912) under the

name Chrysopa faceta. His specimen is from Nicobar.

South African Neuroptera.

INDEX.

PAGE

andresi (Chrysopa) 514 mozambica (Nothochrysa)

ANKYLOPTERYX 513

neurodes (Nothochrysa)

capensis (Micromus) 508 | NoTHOCHRYSA

chloris (Chrysopa) 515 |

CHRYSOPA 513 | OSMYLIDAE

CHRYSOPIDAE . 509 |

| péringueyi (Nothochrysa)

errans (Hemerobius) 508 polysticta (Ankylopteryx)

principissa (Glenochrysa)

finoti (Nothochrysa) 510

RHIPIDOSMYLUS

GLENOCHRYSA 518 rufostigma (Nothochrysa)

Pimnon ae ss | sordidata (Nothochrysa)

HEMEROBIUS. 508 |

impar (Nothochrysa) 510 SHARON (iene ma)

interlineatus (Rhipidosmylus) . 507 | typica (Glenochrysa))

jeanneli (Chrysopa) 514 | variegata (Nothochrysa)

venosella (Chrysopa)

kannemeyeri (Chrysopa) —. . 516 | venusta (Ankylopteryx)

vulgaris (Chrysopa)

maculata (Nothochrysa) 510

Micromus 508 ' zonata (Notochrysa)

521

feo

‘

4 ;

16.—A New Genus of Chironomid (Diptera) from the Cape.—By

J. J. Krerrer, D.Sc.

HE two insects from the Cape which I described under the names of

Paraclunio fuscipennis and P. minor, n. spp.,* must form a new

senus—Trissoclunio. It will be placed among those in which the 5th

tarsal joint is trilobate and without pulvilli, and the palpi bi-jointed

as in the following table.

1. Wing rudimentary, without nervure; em-

podium filiform and bearing on the ex-

ternal side simple or bifurcate hairs ; no

hair on the medial side ; claws simple in

the ?, bifid in the ¢, the two rami equal ;

antennae 6-articulate, scape obconical, not

thickened ; joints 38-5 transverse (g 2?) . Psamathyomya, Deby.

Wines normally developed, glabrous, with

the neuration of Chironomus; empodium

filiform, much ramified, i.e. emitting on

both sides branches that are themselves

divided into ramiseveral times bifurcate, 2.

2. Abdomen very strongly compressed, equal

in height everywhere ; anal segment ver-

tically truncate as far as the middle,

thence obliquely as far as the base, where

there are two cerei. Head with two carinae

extending from the hind border to near

the antennae, hardly convergent in front

and nearing almost the edge of the eyes ;

Ist palpal joint obliquely truncate at the

distal end and nearly at right angle with

the 2nd; antennal joints 2-5 transverse.

6th long, conical, bearing at the base a

verticillate bunch of 5 or 6 hairs shorter

than the thickness of the bunch, which is

also the case for 2-5; tarsal joints 2-4

obeonieal, cordiform at the distal end

which bears short and simple hairs inter-

* «Ann. S. Afr. Mus.,’ x, 1914, p. 259.

524 Annals of the South African Museum.

mixed with longer filaments, the third

distal part of which is widened and

ramose ; femora, except the anterior tibiae

and metatarsi, with three longitudinal

rows of spatulate, striate and almost de-

pressed scales. T'arsal and hooks of the

Q simple; g unknown . : 2 . Paraclunio, Kieff., 1911.

1. Abdomen depressed, head without longitu-

dinal carinae; palpal joint not obliquely

truncate, not at angle with 2; antennae

(¢) 7-jointed, joint 2 long, 3-5 trans-

verse; tarsal joints without filaments,

ramose, 2 cylindrical, 38-4 sometimes

weakly cordiform at end; legs without

seales, 3.

3. Tarsal claws of ¢ bifid, the two rami equal

in length, the medial pointed, the lateral

obtuse with the apex widened and finely

pectinate. Claws of the ? simple; in ¢

and 9 is visible at the base of the claws

a hyaline, glabrous Jamina longer and

wider than the claw, narrowed at base

and then widened, triangular and sharp.

Cape . : ; 5 : : c . Trissoclunio, n. g.

Tarsal claws simple, ¢ 9, or simple in the

2 and bifid and unequal in the ¢; in the

first case the medial ramus is very short,

and in both the lateral ramus is widened

and pectinate at apex, without hyaline

triangular lamina, Hawai : : . Charadromya, Terry, 1913.

In the genus T'elmatogeton, Schin., founded on T.

sancti-Pauli, Schin.,

the antenne are 7-jointed (¢ 2), joint 2 obconical, 5-5 transverse,

but there is no mention of the 5th tarsal joint being trilobate; besides,

the palpi are 4-jointed, the forehead grooved, the alar neuration

differs from that of Chironomus, the tarsal claws are simple, the

pulvilli small but very distinct, the empodium large, fillmg the whole

interval between the claws, and is ciliate in front.

The insect described by Coquillet under the name of T'elmatogeton

alaskensis differs from all those mentioned above by the antennal

joints 2-6 sub-cylindrical, the 7th only a little longer than the others.

It is not said that the 5th joint is trilobate; the pulvilli and the

empodium must be as in Zelmatogeton. Claws of 3 bifid, of the 9

unknown.

A New Genus of Chironomid (Diptera) from the Cape.

The type of the genus T'rissoclunio is T. fuscipennis.

525

The tarsal

claws are yellow in the proximal and black in the distal part ; each

bears, in addition to the proximal half, three thick ramose setae

disposed lengthways. The three tarsal lobes are finely and very briefly

pubescent ; dorsally they bear also thick brown setae.

Wing lobate,

almost at right angle, and having also a small rounded lobe at the end

of the base; cubital nervure at least twice as long as the radial ;

transverse nervure large and oblique. Mesonotum sometimes black

with the scapular spot reddish, sometimes pruinose grey, with a trace

of three nearly confluent black bands.

INDEX.

PAGE

CHARADROMYA . : F . o24 PSAMATHYOMYA

PARACLUNIO ; : : . 524 | TRISSOCLUNIO

PAGE

52¢

524

(527 )

17.—New NSwyecies of S. African Tabanidae (Dintera).—By GERTRUDE

1 ) . }

Ricarpo.

METOPONAPLOS, gen. nov.

? Supplementa Entomologica, 1914.

THis genus and a species were included by me in a paper on species

of Tabanidae sent me by Herr Schlenkling from the German Entomo-

logical Museum in Berlin. The proofs were sent to me for correction

and returned, but the outbreak of war put an end to further

communications. The remarks on this genus are copied and inserted

as follows :

Formed for a species named by Walker Pangonia parva, with which

Pangonia directa appears to be identical. It differs from the species

of Pangoma in the antennae, which have only five divisions on the

third joint ; it therefore belongs to the second division of Pangoninae,

comprising Silvius, Chrysops, ete. Ocelli and spines on hind tibiae

are present. Antennae with the first two joints short, the third broad

at base, the last four divisions very small. Face convex, furrowed in

the middle. Palpi broad at base, ending in a lone point. | Proboscis

about a third the leneth of the whole insect. Forehead shining with

no calli. Wings clear, with the usual neuration; all posterior cells

widely open, the anal cell closed at border.

METOPONAPLOS PARVA (PanaontA), Walker.

Metoponaplos parva (Pangonia), Walker, List Dipt., pt. 1, p. 145,

1848. (Pangonia directa, Walker, Dipt. Saund., p. 21, 1850.)

Both the Walker types are from the Cape of Good Hope, in the Brit.

Mus. Coll., and are females. There is also a female in the same

collection from Saldanha Bay, Cape Colony, October, 1892 (Pele la

Garde), 96, 2, two females from Namaqualand, 1917, and one female in

the South African Museum.

Forehead broad, shining. Antennae, palpi and legs blackish.

Wings grey, length 9-10 mm. Face black, convex, but furrowed

in the. middle, clothed sparsely with long yellowish hairs, cheeks

528 Annals of the South African Museum.

covered with grey tomentum and with yellow pubescence. Palpi

black, broad at base, ending in a long tapering point, more

than a third of the length of proboscis, which is about as long

as the head and thorax combined. Antennae black, situated on

a shght tubercle covered with ashy-grey tomentum; the first two

joints with some long black hairs, the first joint cylindrical, the

second small and round, half the length of the first joint ; the third

joint with five divisions, the first one broad and large, no tooth, but

with rounded borders, the last divisions very small. Forehead almost

parallel, wide, barely one and a half times longer than it is wide,

black and shining, with grey tomentose borders and a few scattered

white hairs; ocelligerous tubercle distinct. Hyes bare. Thorax black

and shining, clothed with greyish-white pubescence and with longer

hairs at sides. Seutellwm black and shining, with yellowish hairs on

its posterior border. Abdomen shining black, reddish yellow on sides

of the first and second segments, the posterior borders from the second

segment onwards clothed with fringes of white hairs on their posterior

borders ; sides with white hairs. Legs blackish, tibiae reddish yellow

on basal two-thirds, pubescence pale yellowish on femora, elsewhere

blackish. Wings grey, tinged yellow at base, veins reddish yellow.

A male in the Brit. Mus. Coll., from Saldanha Bay, 5: ix : 1912

(k. H. Barnard), 1915, is presumably the male of this species,

but the abdomen is largely reddish yellow, the black colour appearing

as a broad black stripe on the first three segments, the apex black,

with short yellowish hairs on posterior borders of the segments, sides

with long, black and yellow hairs ; underside reddish yellow, black on

the last three segments. Legs blackish with long black hairs on the

femora and tibiae. Wings and veins darker in colouring. Forehead

is less wide but slightly narrower at vertex, shining black. Antennae

with longer and more numerous black hairs on the first two segments.

Palpi with the first joint short, the second conical, clothed with long

hairs. Length 9 mm.

MrtroponaPiLos NIGRICANS, Ni. Sp.

Type (female) from Hott-Holl Mts., 6000 ft., Caledon, Cape Colony

(Barnard), 1916. From Cape Mus. Coll.

A small black species, with no markings on the abdomen. Forehead

shining, broad. Legs blackish brown. Wings clear. Length 7 mm.

Face blackish, with grey tomentum and white hairs. Palpi brownish

with black hairs. Antennae reddish brown. Forehead black, shining,

with no lighter borders, not quite parallel, and about one and a half

times longer than its anterior width, Thorax and scutellum black,

New Species of S. African Tabanidae (Diptera). 529

Abdomen black with very narrow lighter posterior borders. Wings

with brown veins.

Gen. SILVIUS, Meig.

The two new species of Silvins described below were sent me for

identification by Dr. L. Péringuey, Director of the South African

Museum, Cape Town.

NILVIUS CALLOSUS, ¢, 2, 1: Sp.

Type (male) from Durban, Natal (Bell Marley).

Type (female) from Kar-Kloof (Bell Marley), and another female

from Durban, in Cape Museum Coll.

A robust species of dull brown colour with some obscure yellow

markings, distinguished by the lineal frontal callus. Length 12 mm.

male, 12-15 mm. female.

Male.—Face dull brown with some grey tomentum. Palpi brown

with black hairs. Antennae light reddish-yellow, the first two joints

brown with black hairs. Hyes bare, the upper facets larger than the

lower ones. Thorax brownish, with no distinct stripes ; pubescence on

dorsum scanty, light in colour. Sevfellum same colour, Abdomen

with rather a mottled appearance, the yellowish colour predominating

on the basal half, of an isabella colour ; on the underside this colour

extends over the whole abdomen ; the segmentations above and below

are very narrowly white-haired. Legs dull reddish brown. Wings

clear, with yellow veins. ‘This male is not in good condition.

Female has dusky brown rather large palpi as long as the proboscis

with dark pubescence. Antennae as in male. Forehead about one-

fourth in width of the length, not narrowed at either end; the callus

is almost lineal, dark brown extending to the ocelli. Thorax

mahogany brown with short white pubescence. Scutellum rather

paler in colour. Abdomen raw umber, with paler markings, the

segmentations with narrow fringes of short white hairs ; underside

much the same colour; the first segment on dorsum with a pale band

on its posterior border.

SILVIUS HIRSUTUS, G, @, 0. Sp.

Type (male) from Matroosberg, Ceres Division, Cape, 3500 ft.

Type (female) and another male in Cape Museum Coll.

A dark blackish brown species with hairy eyes and thorax, and

abdomen with hairs, rather near Silvius decipiens, Loew, but at once

530 Annals of the South African Museum.

distinguished in the female by the frontal callus, which does not reach

the eyes. Length 15 mm. males, 12 mm. female.

Male.— Face with grey tomentum and thick yellow hairs. Beard

same colour. Palpi dark brown with brown hairs. Proboscis long,

nearly a third of the length of insect. Antennae dark brown, the first two

joints with dark hairs. yes hairy, the upper facets only a little larger

than the lower ones. Thorax black, rather shining, with two distinct

narrow grey stripes, one on each side; dorsum with some scattered

white hairs, sides with thick yellow hairs, a few brown ones intermixed.

Scutellum black, with some white hairs. Abdomen blackish with three

very distinct grey tomentose spots on each segment, except the first

and the last one; pubescence on dorsum slight, consisting of some

white and dark hairs ; sides with thick yellow and brown hairs. The

extreme side borders of segments are fulvous; underside black with

grey tomentum; in the other male the grey spots are almost effaced.

Legs dull reddish, the femora darker, the legs with rather thick black

pubescence. Wings clear, with dark brown stigma and veins, the

transverse veins clouded.

Female.—Palpi small, yellowish, with long black hairs, the hairs on

face not so thick and brown in colour. Iorehead very wide, narrower

at vertex ; the width in front is nearly equal to the length. Frontal

callus is very large, blackish brown, shining, but it does not reach the

eyes and does not extend much beyond the middle of forehead. The

hairs at sides of thorax are largely brown. Abdomen with the spots

not so distinct, appearing more yellow in colour with some yellow

hairs, pubescence elsewhere blackish. Legs paler in colour, the femora

the same as the tibiae in colour. 'The proboscis in female appears to

be broken off; in the other male it does not appear long, being

apparently retracted.

INDEX.

PAGE | PAGE

eallosus (Silvius) : : . 529 | nigricans (Metoponaplos) . . 528

directa (Metoponaplos ) . 527 | parva (Metoponaplos) é 5 OY

hirsutus (Silvius) ; . 529 | SiLvius , 3 : : . 529

METOPONAPLOS . ; : : 527 |

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