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ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

ANNALE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM

VOLUME 90 BAND

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REE SVRUSIEES OF THE DIE TRUSTEES VAN DIE

SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM

CAPE TOWN KAAPSTAD

1982-1983

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Lisi OF CONTENDS

FERRARA, F. see Tali, S.

KENNEDY, W. J., WRIGHT, C. W. & KLINGER, H. C.

Cretaceous faunas from Zululand and Natal, South Africa. The ammonite subfamily

Bankoisiceratmac Basse, 1947. (Published March 1983:).. >... 240) -.sshe ee.

KENSLEY, B.

Revision of the southern African Anthuridea (Crustacea, Isopoda). (Published Sep-

RETMDSI NOEs tA etcetera emi te eee Pai pam emoe teices TPA de a bo tar lee

KLEIN, R. G.

Patterns of ungulate mortality and ungulate mortality profiles from Langebaanweg

(early Pliocene) and Elandsfontein (Middle Pleistocene), south-western Cape

Erovince, South) Airica. (Published August 1982.).. 2.5. 29.520. 50-52) 66 2 eee

KLINGER, H. C.

Revision of Ancyloceras bipunctatum Schliter, 1872 (Cephalopoda, Ammonoidea)

and discussion of the validity, phylogeny and limits of the genus Neancyloceras

Seamielo2on(Rublished: @Octoberml982.)) exes ms. sec) Ge te ey eee

KLINGER, H. C. see KENNEDY, W. J.

Prins, A. J.

Morphological and biological notes on six South African blow-flies (Diptera, Cal-

liphoridae) and their immature stages. (Published September 1982.) ...........

TaiTi, S. & FERRARA, F.

Revision of the family Philosciidae (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscoidea) from South

Paincom Gaolished July A982 a) ess or NGS Slee uj) ene ae oe ee

Wricut, C. W. see KENNEDY, W. J.

Page

241

219

201

NEW GENERIC NAMES PROPOSED IN THIS VOLUME

Barnardoscia Taiti & Ferrara, 1982

= :

i [

fe ”

‘if an Lane i

= oe yt,

VOLUME 90 PART 1 JULY 1982 ISSN 0303-2515

ms QHY

S67X

LIBRE RIES.

A rn

THE SOUTH AFRICAN:

CAPE TOWN

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BULLOUGH, W. S. 1960. Practical invertebrate anatomy. 2nd ed. London: Macmillan.

FISCHER, P. —H. 1948. Données sur la résistance et de le vitalité des mollusques. J. Conch., Paris 88: 100-140.

FiscHer, P.-H., DuvAL, M. & RarFFy, A. 1933. Etudes sur les échanges respiratoires des littorines. Archs

Zool. exp. Zen. 74: 627-634.

Konn, A. J. 1960a. Ecological notes on Conus (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Trincomalee region of Ceylon.

Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (13) 2: 309-320.

Konn, A. J. 1960b. Spawning behaviour, egg masses and larval development in Conus from the Indian Ocean.

Bull. Bingham oceanogr. Coll. 17 (4): 1-51.

THIELE, J. 1910. Mollusca: B. Polyplacophora, Gastropoda marina, Bivalvia. In: SCHULTZE, L. Zoologische

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Jena: Fischer. Denkschr. med.-naturw. Ges. Jena 16: 269-270

(continued inside back cover)

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

ANNALE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM

Volume 90 + +#£Band

July 1982 Julie

Part 1 Deel

AAG (ESS

TAR TION

2S B:9.8:3.2

OD \ 4 A

> S

REVISION OF THE FAMILY PHILOSCIIDAE

(CRUSTACEA, ISOPODA, ONISCOIDEA)

FROM SOUTH AFRICA

STEFANO TAITI

FRANCO FERRARA

Cape Town Kaapstad

The ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

are issued in parts at irregular intervals as material

becomes available

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Court Road, Wynberg, Cape Courtweg, Wynberg, Kaap

REVISION OF THE FAMILY PHILOSCIIDAE

(CRUSTACEA, ISOPODA, ONISCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA

STEFANO TAITI

FRANCO FERRARA

Centro di Studio per la Faunistica ed Ecologia Tropicali del

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Florence

(With 25 figures and 1 table)

[MS accepted 25 March 1982]

ABSTRACT

This revision includes a list of 13 species representing 6 genera and the description of one

new genus Barnardoscia, and 5 new species, Nahia louwi, Natalscia thomsoni, N. rotundata,

N. appletoni, and Barnardoscia maculata. All the previously known genera and species are

redefined. Also given are keys to the South African genera and species and a synopsis of all the

Afrotropical genera of Philosciidae, as well as the distribution of the South African philosciid

fauna and its affinities.

CONTENTS

PAGE

PSHE OCR LUO pepe eeg re ane oc OPIS Map as Gey Si haere Oa 1

Key to the South African genera of Philosciidae............... 2

GCHUSVA DIT OSC. Oa seins cs Res cites eens se a Ane 3

GemUSPDCHINANODS ee iV Acer. Pio we ar a oN tee eon iene nee 7

GEHUSP ALT OPI OSCLULS Soom oie Heo urs Dane Mee gee ek 11

CGYETTTTIS IAG UTE Steer ar eee ere See ear me eed Santas oe 14

Keytowthe ispecies OL NGNIG ws so. es Beas ee ee 14

remo IN ASAISCIO oe oir bn Gye 5 2 eet ee 19

Key tothe species Of Natalscid.2 2062 62. soe eee oe 21

GERUSPNATMATAOSCIA NOV. hoe Sen oid one as ae eS 34

Keynowthe Specics Of BalmardOsci@: 55. ees san eee 35

SSte MI ALI CISCUSSION sac So aie ee ee OO ee 4]

Moeccorraphic- discussion! \42%... 3 eee ok Ps) Se 42

Synopsis of the Afrotropical genera of Philosciidae ........... 47

pac kao WIE PEM CHISS 5 choses 2s, wie ayes ee sun tae ave cle Serer 47

PCIE TCT CES ein Neie ARC ES marie tine nee Bets eM ea au ai 47

INTRODUCTION

Taiti & Ferrara (1980) tentatively revised the family Philosciidae from the

Afrotropical region, defining all the known genera (though some of them in a

provisional way, due to the lack of material) according to modern criteria, and

describing or redescribing several species.

Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 90 (1), 1982: 1-48, 25 figs, 1 table.

D ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Unfortunately neither the South African endemic genera (Nahia Budde-

Lund, 1908, and Benthanops Barnard, 1932) nor the species had been

examined directly, thus the generic diagnoses and species list were based on the

available literature.

S. Taiti was recently given the opportunity of collecting several philosciids

during his stay in South Africa on a fellowship provided by the Department of

National Education of the Republic of South Africa. Materials preserved in the

South African Museum, Cape Town, and Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg,

and some types in the British Museum (Natural History) were also studied or

revised.

Abbreviations used throughout the text:

b distance of the nodulus lateralis from the posterior margin of the

pereon segment

b/c ratio between b and c

BM British Museum (Natural History)

C length of the pereon tergite

d distance of the nodulus lateralis from the lateral margin of the pereon

segment

d/c ratio between d and c

juv. juvenile(s)

MZUF Museo Zoologico dell’ Universita, Florence

NM Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg

NRS Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm

ovig. ovigerous

SAM South African Museum, Cape Town.

KEY TO THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA OF PHILOSCHDAE

1... .Frontal! line:present (hig. IO) a. 05.9 i 4 cee seo St ae ee ee Aphiloscia

=/+ Frontal line missing i. 3 2204025445852 See ee ee ee z

2 Eye withasinglelarceommatidiruny (higa SA) oe aa ee eee Benthanops

= - Eye with several‘omimatidia 4.5.0.8. 4 e4..5 © 8 cine sa aa © 6 oo ea ek ee 3

3. Insertion of uropod exo- and endopodites at the same level (Fig. 6B); d/c co-

ordinates of noduli laterales with maxima on pereon segments 2 and 4 (Fig. 6A)

Afrophiloscia

— Insertion of endopodites more or less proximal to those of exopodites (Figs 8E, 12C,

20D); d/c co-ordinates without a maximum on pereon segment 2 (Figs 8A, 12A,

ZA ao cs laa ice 8 Vintowr ti ae eee, os ak eos tea Sateen ON CaS Gr 4

4. d/e co-ordinates without evident maximal (Figs SA) 932. ..5--5.0 4-0-4. se eee Nahia

d/c co-ordinates with maxima on pereon segments 1 and 4 (Figs 12A, 20A) ......... 5

5. Two noduli laterales on pereon segment 7; endite of maxilliped without a penicil

(Figg 12 BY: vis cee en oe hol cet ae Se Sere ell cele ae a tee Ce ere Natalscia

— Four noduli laterales on pereon segment 7; endite of maxilliped bearing a penicil

GR. 20B is odie kates Uae: 2 3 Pasi eee ae ee i See eee ae Barnardoscia

REVISION OF THE FAMILY PHILOSCIIDAE 3

Genus Aphiloscia Budde-Lund, 1908

Diagnosis

Sulcus marginalis and gland pores present. Two series of noduli laterales

on each side of pereon segments (Fig. 1B). Frontal and supra-antennal lines

present (Fig. 1C). Pleon epimera very produced. Molar penicil of mandible

consisting of a single unbranched seta; outer branch of maxilla 1 with 4+ 6

(5 cleft) teeth; endite of maxilliped without a penicil (Fig. 2B). Pleopod exopo-

dites with respiratory areas (Fig. 2F, H). Uropod protopodite with a triangular

depression on outer margin; insertion of endopodite proximal to that of

exopodite (Fig. 2C).

Type species

Philoscia guttulata Gerstaecker, 1873, from Tanzania.

1mm 0.5mm B

Fig. 1. Aphiloscia vilis (Budde-Lund, 1885). A. Adult female. B. Right half of pereon

segment 4: b—distance of the nodulus lateralis (n.1.) from the posterior margin of the segment,

c—length of the pereon tergite, d—distance of the nodulus lateralis from the lateral margin of

the pereon segment, g.p.—gland pore, s.m.—sulcus marginalis. C. Frontal view of cephalon:

f.1.—frontal line, s.a.l1—supra-antennal line.

c ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Remarks

Aphiloscia is distinguished by the presence of two series of noduli laterales

on each side of pereon segments, a frontal line, very produced pleon epimera,

and respiratory areas in the pleopod exopodites.

Besides A. guttulata and A. vilis, the genus includes the following species:

A. annulicornis (Budde-Lund, 1885) widely distributed throughout Madagascar

and surrounding islands; A. maculicornis (Budde-Lund, 1898) from Uganda,

Tanzania, Zambia; A. sordida Arcangeli, 1950, A. congolensis congolensis

Arcangeli, 1950, A. congolensis damasi Arcangeli, 1950, all from Zaire;

A. montana Taiti & Ferrara, 1980, from Zimbabwe; A. trifasciata Taiti &

Ferrara, 1980, from Kenya; and A. digitata Taiti & Ferrara, 1980, from

Tanzania, Malawi, and Mozambique.

Aphiloscia vilis (Budde-Lund, 1885)

Figs 1-2

Philoscia vilis Budde-Lund, 1885: 210. Dollfus, 18956: 351. Barnard, 1937: 164. Brian, 1953: 9.

Philoscia (Aphiloscia) vilis: Budde-Lund, 1908: 292. Barnard, 1932: 239, figs 16g, i, IL-—n, u,

17a, 18d, 19c. Barnard, 1960a: 47. Appleton, 1974: 51. Lawrence, 1977: 175.

Aphiloscia vilis: Stebbing, 1910: 443. Arcangeli, 1950: 66. ?Barnard, 1956: 436. Barnard,

1960b: 505, 508. Ferrara & Taiti, 1979: 112. Taiti & Ferrara, 1980: 58.

Philoscia dilectum Collinge, 1917: 579, pl. 42 (figs 21-31). Collinge, 1920: 478. Collinge,

1945: 345. Brian, 1953: 9.

Material

Barnard Collection. Transvaal: 5 29, Louis Trichardt, Hanglip forest,

4500 ft alt., leg. R. F. Lawrence, February 1960, NM-6493; 4 2°, Louis

Trichardt, Hanglip forest, 3 000 ft alt., leg. R. F. Lawrence, February 1960,

NM-6497; 1 3, 3 22, Entabeni forest, Louis Trichardt, leg. R. F. Lawrence,

February 1960, NM-6501; 2 2°, Barberton, leg. R. F. Lawrence, March

1960, NM-6518; 16, 1, 6juv., Louis Trichardt, Hanglip, leg. R. F.

Lawrence, February 1960, NM-6519.

New material. Transvaal: 1 2, Gladdespruit, near Nelspruit, leg. C. C.

Appleton, 18 July 1969, No. 2L, SAM-A16843; 4 dd, 16 29, same data,

October 1969—October 1971, No. 165G—H, SAM-—A16844; 2 2°, same data,

No. 169S, SAM-A16845; 1 2, same data, No. 129H, SAM-A16846; 1 d,

4 29, same data, No. 1770, SAM-A13162; 1°, same data, No. 165Z,

SAM-A16847. Natal: 16 dd, 26 292, Pietermaritzburg, leg. S. Taiti, 19 April

1980, MZUF-995; 3 dd Gillits, leg. S. Taiti and K. C. Thomson, 26 April

1980, MZUF-996; 3 22, Durban, leg. G. Cosnett, 28 March 1980,

MZUF-997; 34 356, 32 22, Umdloti, leg. S. Taiti and K. C. Thomson, 26

April 1980, MZUF-998. Zululand: 3 dd, 12 29, near Lake Sibaya Research

Station, coastal dune forest, leg. C. C. Appleton, date ?, No. 18L,

SAM-A16848; 16, 4¢9°, same data, 10 October 1973, No. 76E,

SAM-A16849; 4 dd, 2 22, same data, 18 December 1973, No. 13E, SAM-

A16850; 6 66, 4 22, same data, 29 July 1973, No. 49L, SAM-A16851;

REVISION OF THE FAMILY PHILOSCIIDAE 5

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Fig. 2. Aphiloscia vilis (Budde-Lund, 1885). A. b/c and d/c co-ordinates. B. Apex of

maxilliped. C. Telson and uropods. D. Spine of pereopod 1 carpus (d). E. Pereopod 7

ischium and merus (d). F. Pleopod 1 exopodite (d): r.a.—respiratory area. G. Pleopod 1

endopodite (¢). H. Pleopod 2 (¢).

6 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

1d, 2 22, same data, date?, No. 18D, SAM-A16852; 2 od, Lake Sibaya

Research Station grounds, leg. C. C. Appleton, 18 September 1973, No. 63C,

SAM-A16853; 2 $2, Lake Sibaya Research Station, garden, leg. C. C.

Appleton, 7 January 1973, No. 8L, SAM-A16854.

Description

9 mm long (according to Barnard, 11 x 4,5 mm). Colour extremely vari-

able, usually plumbeous with lighter mottling; pale spot at the base of pereon

epimera; epimera dark with external margin orange; joints 1-3 and basal half of

joint 5 of antenna orange; basis of pereopods with a dark spot; uropods orange.

Eye with twenty-five to thirty ommatidia. Each pereon segment with numerous

gland pores (about thirty) per side, arranged along the whole sulcus marginalis.

_ Noduli laterales with b/c and d/c co-ordinates as in Figure 2A. Telson (Fig. 2C)

with concave sides, dorsally impressed, narrowly rounded apex. Antenna: ratio

of flagellum joints 4:3: 3.

Male

Pereopods 1-4 merus and carpus with brushes of trifid spines (Fig. 2D).

Pereopod 7 ischium with a narrow and shallow depression on the rostral surface

(Fig. 2E). Pleopod 1 exopodite with subquadrate posterior lobe (Fig. 2F);

endopodite with apex slightly bent outward and equipped with fine setae

(Fig. 2G). Pleopod 2 as in Figure 2H.

Remarks

A. vilis is very close to A. montana Taiti & Ferrara, 1980, from Mt.

Selinda (Zimbabwe). It is distinguished in the male (cf. Taiti & Ferrara 1980,

figs 7-11) by the less enlarged pereopod 7 ischium which is not excavated at the

base; the shorter posterior lobe of pleopod 1 exopodite; the presence of setae

on pleopod 1 endopodite apex; the pleopod 2 endopodite that is only slightly

longer than exopodite.

The exact locality of the type material is unknown. Budde-Lund

(1885: 210) quotes ‘Caput Bonae Spei’ but, as pointed out by Barnard

(1932: 240) the specimen was collected by the botanist Drege, who travelled

both in the Cape and in Natal. Most probably the record refers to the latter

region, where A. vilis is widely distributed. It is definitely not found in the

Cape Peninsula.

This species occurs throughout southern Mozambique, Zimbabwe, eastern

Transvaal, Zululand, and Natal, and is also known in East London (Cape

Province) and Mafa (Ovamboland). In our opinion the latter record needs

further confirmation as this is the only occasion that A. vilis has been found

outside south-eastern Africa.

REVISION OF THE FAMILY PHILOSCIIDAE 7

Genus Benthanops Barnard, 1932

Diagnosis

A few gland pores are present on the anterior part of the pereon segments.

One series of noduli laterales on each side of pereon segments 1-6; two noduli

laterales on each side of pereon segment 7; d/c co-ordinates with a maximum

on segment 4. Eye with a single large ommatidium. Frontal line absent;

supra-antennal line present. Pleon epimera reduced, with very small posterior

points visible in dorsal view. Molar penicil of mandible consisting of a tuft of

plumose setae each arising separately (Fig. 3B); outer branch of maxilla 1 with

4+5 serrate teeth (Fig. 3C); endite of maxilliped without a penicil (Fig. 3D).

Pereopods without dactylar seta. Pleopod exopodites without respiratory areas.

Uropod protopodite grooved on outer margin; insertion of endo- and exopodite

almost at the same level.

Type species

Philoscia (Benthanops) fulva Barnard, 1932, from South Africa.

Remarks

Benthanops is very close to the South American genera Benthana

Budde-Lund, 1908, Benthanoscia Lemos de Castro, 1958a, and Benthanoides

Lemos de Castro, 19585, from which it is distinguished by the presence of a

single ommatidium and the different shape of the molar penicil of mandible.

Even greater affinities exist between this and Ctenoscia Verhoeff, 1928, from

which Benthanops differs in the number and position of the noduli laterales (cf.

Fig. 3A, and E) as well as the shape of the molar penicil.

The genus includes only the type-species.

Benthanops fulva Barnard, 1932

Figs 3A-D, 4, 5A

Philoscia (Benthanops) fulva Barnard, 1932: 247, figs 16c, f, r, 18e, 19f, 20. Brian, 1953: 9.

Benthanops fulva: Ferrara & Taiti, 1979: 112. Taiti & Ferrara, 1980: 87.

Material

Barnard Collection. Cape Province: 1 °, Caledon, leg. K. H. Barnard,

March 1908, SAM-A5894; 1 3, 17 22, Noordhoek forest, leg. K. H. Bar-

nard, 19 January 1928, SAM-A7329; 6 22, Kalk Bay Mt., leg. K. H.

Barnard, January 1929, SAM-—A7880; 2 dd, 1 2, Noordhoek forest, leg.

K. H. Barnard, 16 June 1929, SAM-A7881; 5 6d, 45 292, Table Mt., leg.

K. H. Barnard, September 1919, SAM-A7883; 1 2, Kleinmond, leg.

K. H. Barnard, 1927, SAM-A7946; 2 2°, Hout Bay, leg. ?, 9 August 1931,

SAM-A10364.

New material. Cape Province: many dd and 2°, Cape of Good Hope

Nature Reserve, leg. S. Taiti, 10 April 1980, MZUF-999; 34 dd, 35 22,

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

0.5

Vil

vi Vi

m.p. : ‘e.. - .

0,05 mm | 0,05 mm

Fig. 3. A-D. Benthanops fulva Barnard, 1932. A. b/c and d/c co-ordinates. B. Apex of

D. Apex of maxilliped.

0,05 mm

C. Outer branch of maxilla 1.

mandible: m.p.—molar penicil.

E. Ctenoscia minima (Dollfus, 1892). b/c and d/c co-ordinates.

REVISION OF THE FAMILY PHILOSCIIDAE 9

0,1 mm

Fig. 4. Benthanops fulva Barnard, 1932. Telson and left uropod. B. Spine of pereopod 1

carpus (d). C. Pereopod 7 (d). D. Pleopod 1 exopodite (d). E. Pleopod 1 endopodite (¢).

F. Pleopod 2 (¢).

10 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Fig. 5. A. Benthanops fulva Barnard, 1932. Adult female. B. Afrophiloscia, ocellata (Barnard,

1960). Adult female.

Table Mt., Skeleton Gorge, leg. S. Taiti, 13 April 1980, MZUF-—1000; 1 d,

3 2°, Betty’s Bay, leg. J. Hoy, 23 April 1980, MZUF-1001.

Description

645mm long; 2 7mm long. Yellowish brown, with more or less

evident transversal brown stripes at the anterior margins of segments. Noduli

laterales with b/c and d/c co-ordinates as in Figure 3A. Telson (Fig. 4A) with

feebly concave sides, rounded apex. Antenna: ratio of flagellum joints 5:4: 4.

Uropod exopodite very long (about three times longer than endopodite).

REVISION OF THE FAMILY PHILOSCIIDAE 11

Male

Pereopod 1-2 merus and carpus with very sparse brushes of spines

(Fig. 4B). Pereopod 7 without specializations (Fig. 4C). Pleopod 1 exopodite

(Fig. 4D) with outer margin feebly concave, rounded apex; endopodite

(Fig. 4E) equipped with some short spines on the medial surface and triangular

lobe on the external surface. Pleopod 2 as in Figure 4F.

Remarks

Benthanops fulva differs from all the other South African (and Afrotropi-

cal) philosciids by the presence of a single ommatidium.

Barnard (1932: 249) states that this species occurs on mountains but not at

low levels. In the Cape Peninsula it is abundant in bushes close to the sea. It is

common between Cape Town and Caledon (Cape Province).

Genus Afrophiloscia Taiti & Ferrara, 1980

Diagnosis

Sulcus marginalis and gland pores absent; one series of noduli laterales on

each side of pereon segments; d/c co-ordinates with maxima on pereon seg-

ments 2 and 4. Frontal line absent; supra-antennal line present. Pleon epimera

reduced, adpressed. Molar penicil of mandible consisting of a single

unbranched seta; outer branch of maxilla 1 with 4+ 6 (5 cleft) teeth; endite of

maxilliped without a penicil. Pleopod exopodites without respiratory areas.

Uropod protopodite grooved on outer margin; insertion of endo- and exopodite

at the same level.

Type species

Afrophiloscia kinolensis Taiti & Ferrara, 1980, from Tanzania.

Remarks

This genus, recently instituted and discussed (Taiti & Ferrara 1980), differs

from the other South African genera of Philosciidae by maxima on pereon

segments 2 and 4 of the noduli laterales d/c co-ordinates; the setose apex and

typical indentation on the medial margin of the maxilliped endite (see Fig. 6D)

and insertion of the uropod exo- and endopodites at the same level.

Afrophiloscia, besides A. kinolensis and A. ocellata, includes the following

species: A. uncinata (Ferrara, 1974) and A. brevicauda Taiti & Ferrara, 1980,

from Tanzania; A. africana (Schmoelzer, 1974), A. rotundata Taiti & Ferrara,

1980, and A. kenyensis Taiti & Ferrara, 1980, all from Kenya.

12 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Afrophiloscia ocellata (Barnard, 1960)

Figs. 5B-6

Philoscia (Setaphora) ocellata Barnard, 1960a: 48. Lawrence, 1977: 175.

Setaphora ocellata: Ferrara & Taiti, 1979: 119. Taiti & Ferrara, 1980: 83.

Material

Barnard Collection. Transvaal: 2 dd, 3 292 (types), Magoebaskloof,

4 000 ft alt., leg. R. F. Lawrence, March 1960, NM-6512; 2 22, Mariepskop,

6 000 ft alt., leg. R. F. Lawrence, March 1960, NM-6504; 1 9, 1 juv., Gras-

kop, leg. R. F. Lawrence, March 1960, NM-6508; 3 22, Malta forest, Selati

Estate, leg. R. F. Lawrence, NM-6516.

New material. Transvaal: 1 2, Gladdespruit, near Nelspruit, leg. C. C.

_ Appleton, October 1969—October 1971, No. 174T, SAM-A16855.

Description

9,5 mm long (according to Barnard 7 X 2,5—2,75 mm). Brown with pale

irroration on head and pereon; pleon almost a uniform brown; large oval pale

spot at the base of pereon epimera. Eyes with about sixteen ommatidia. Noduli

laterales with b/c and d/c co-ordinates as in Figure 6A. Pleon epimera

adpressed with very short posterior points, not visible in dorsal view. Telson

(Fig. 6B—C) with slightly concave sides, narrowly rounded or subacute apex.

Antenna with ratio of flagellum joints 5:3:3. Endite of maxilliped (Fig. 6D) as

in the other species of Afrophiloscia.

Male

Pereopods 1-2 are missing in the males observed. Pereopod 7 without any

evident specialization (Fig. 6E). Pleopod 1 exopodite (Fig. 6F) with triangular

posterior point bent outwards; endopodite (Fig. 6G-H) with an oval lobe

equipped with fine setae. Pleopod 2 exopodite much shorter than endopodite

(Fig. 61).

Remarks

Re-examination of the type material showed that these specimens belong

to the genus Afrophiloscia Taiti & Ferrara, 1980. A. ocellata differs from

A. africana and A. uncinata by the lack of specializations (hooks) on pereopod

7 merus 3; and from those and from all the other species of Afrophiloscia by

the swollen setose apex of pleopod 1 endopodite 6. The distinctive coloration

is a useful trait in identifying this species.

Afrophiloscia ocellata occurs throughout the eastern Transvaal. Its

presence in South Africa considerably enlarges the range of the genus Afro-

philoscia previously known only in Kenya and Tanzania.

REVISION OF THE FAMILY PHILOSCIIDAE is

| to om Ww eVoVi Vil A | to ot Ww VeVi VI

0,2 mm 0,2mm 0,2 mm

Fig. 6. Afrophiloscia ocellata (Barnard, 1960). A. b/c and d/c co-ordinates. B. Telson and

right uropod. C. Telson of a female specimen from Graskop. D. Apex of maxilliped.

E. Pereopod 7 ischium and merus (¢). F. Pleopod 1 exopodite (3). G. Pleopod 1 endopo-

dite (3). H. Apex of pleopod 1 endopodite (3), ventral view. I. Pleopod 2 (<d).

14 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Genus Nahia Budde-Lund, 1908

Diagnosis

Sulcus marginalis and gland pores present. One series of noduli laterales

on each side of pereon segments; their d/c co-ordinates lacking evident maxima

(Figs 8A, 10A). Frontal line absent and supra-antennal line present. Pleon

epimera reduced. Molar penicil of mandible consisting of a single unbranched

seta (Fig. 8B); outer branch of maxilla 1 with 4+ 6 (5 cleft) teeth (Fig. 8C);

endite of maxilliped without a penicil (Fig. 8D). Pereopods with a flagellar

dactylar seta. Pleopod exopodites without respiratory areas. Uropod protopo-

dite grooved on outer margin; insertion of endopodite slightly proximal to that

of exopodite.

Type species

Philoscia hirsuta Budde-Lund, 1906, from South Africa.

Remarks

An incomplete diagnosis of Nahia was given by Taiti & Ferrara (1980: 87),

based on the diagnoses by Budde-Lund (1906) and Barnard (1932), as well as

on the description and figures of Philoscia warreni (= Nahia hirsuta according

to Barnard 1932) by Collinge (1917).

The study of several specimens of Nahia (N. hirsuta and N. louwi n.sp.)

resulted in a complete diagnosis of the genus and in the demonstration that—as

will be discussed below—P. warreni is not a junior synonym of Nahia hirsuta as

proposed by Barnard (1932).

Nahia differs from all the afrotropical genera in the absence of peaks in the

d/c curve. This trait, which places it in the Plymophiloscia group, gives it

affinity to the genus Bilawrencia Vandel, 1973b, from which it differs in the

absence of a penicil on the maxilliped and in the simple, rather than dichoto-

mized, molar penicil of the mandible. Nahia is also very close to the genus

Australophiloscia Vandel, 1973a, from which it differs essentially in the position

of the noduli laterales.

The genus Nahia includes only two species, both from South Africa.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF NAHIA

1. Pereopod 7 ¢: merus with a setose protrusion at the base (Fig. 8H). Pleopod 1 3d:

exopodite with outer margin truncated and distally deeply excised (Fig. 9A); endopodite

with spines and a crest-shaped lobe close to the apex (Fig. 9B—C) :

N. hirsuta (Budde-Lund)

— Pereopod 7 ¢: merus without setose protrusion at the base (Fig. 10C). Pleopod 1 ¢:

exopodite with outer margin not truncated and not excised (Fig. 10D); endopodite with

eoblet-shaped apex (Fig. wl0E)" ss dv. aah ene. ce eign Govcance. N. louwi sp. nov.

REVISION OF THE FAMILY PHILOSCIIDAE 15

Nahia hirsuta (Budde-Lund, 1906)

Figs 7-9

Philoscia hirsuta Budde-Lund, 1906: 89, pl. 3 (figs 42-52). Barnard, 1937: 164. Barnard,

1949: 403.

Philoscia (Nahia) hirsuta: Budde-Lund, 1908: 290. Budde-Lund, 1909: 64. Barnard, 1932: 245,

figs 16j—-k, p, v, 18c, 19f, partim. Brian, 1953: 9.

Nahia hirsuta: Stebbing, 1910: 442. Ferrara & Taiti, 1979: 115. Taiti & Ferrara, 1980: 88.

Anchiphiloscia karongae: Stebbing, 1922: 6.

Material

Barnard Collection. Cape Province: 12 dd, 34 929, Zeekoevlei, Cape

Flats, leg. K. H. Barnard, 29 October 1929, SAM-A7397; 14 6d, 16 29,

Keurbooms River, leg. K. H. Barnard, January 1931, SAM-A7858; 3 66,

4 2°, same data, October 1930-January 1931, SAM-A7856; 1 6, 9 929,

same data, January 1931, SAM-A7842; 2 dd, 6 2%, Noordhoekvlei, leg.

K. H. Barnard, 24 January 1928, SAM—A7332; 1 d, 3 22, Houw Hoek, leg.

K. H. Barnard, 1931, SAM-A8021; 2 22, Doorn River, leg. S. H. Haughton

and C. W. Thorne, 1931, SAM-A7957; 8 6d, 14 2°, Forebay, leg. K. H.

Barnard, January 1931, SAM-A7869; 3 dd, 3 29, Wilderness, leg. S. H.

Haughton and C. W. Thorne, 1931, SAM-A7950; 2 22, Knysna, leg. R. F.

Lawrence, 1929, SAM-A7390.

New material. Cape Province: 4 dd, 3 29, Queenstown, leg. V. B.

Whitehead, 21 June 1975, SAM-A16856; 1 6, Die Bosch, Bredasdorp, leg.

B. F. Kensley, 1969, SAM-—A16857; 1 °, near Calitzdorp, 7 November 1971,

SAM-A16858; 27 2°, Zoutpansklipheuwel on Olifants River, 3 January 1975,

SAM-A16859; 18 35d, 37 22, Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve, leg. S.

Taiti, 10 April 1980, MZUF-1002; 8 dd, 41 29, Rondeberg, 65km N of

Cape Town, leg. S. Taiti, 20 March 1980, MZUF-1003; 1 d, Table Mt.,

Skeleton Gorge, leg. S. Taiti, 13 April 1980, MZUF-—1004.

Description

3 6,5 mm long; & ovig. 8 mm long. Slate-grey mottled with lighter spots,

a narrow white and a wide black stripe at the base of pereon epimera; joints

2-5 of peduncle of antenna with a white ring at the base. Eye with about

twenty-two ommatidia. Back equipped with numerous upright setae. Each

pereon segment with ten to fifteen gland pores per side arranged along the

whole sulcus marginalis. Noduli laterales with b/c and d/c co-ordinates as in

Figure 8A. Telson (Fig. 8E—-F) short, with straight or slightly concave sides,

rounded apex. Antenna: ratio of flagellum joints 4:3: 4.

Male

Pereopods 1-3 merus and carpus with brushes of spines as in Figure 8G.

Pereopod 7 ischium with a deep concavity; merus with an evident setose

protrusion at the base (Fig. 8H). Pleopod 1 exopodite with outer margin

truncated and distally deeply excised (Fig. 9A); endopodite with apex equipped

with spines and a crest-shaped lobe (Fig. 9B—C). Pleopod 2 as in Figure 9D.

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

nas

Fig. 7. Nahia hirsuta (Budde-Lund, 1906). Adult female.

REVISION OF THE FAMILY PHILOSCIIDAE Ly

iS i %&

ue os. ee

I ite IN VO SV VII A | oe Ie eV Vil

0,1 mm

0,05 mm

Ul Va

G \ {\ | Gol BS

\ Z

\ : 7

\ SS

H SS

0,2 mm

0,5mm F f

Fig. 8. Nahia hirsuta (Budde-Lund, 1906). A. b/c and d/c co-ordinates. B. Apex of mandible:

m.p.—molar penicil. C. Outer branch of maxilla 1. D. Apex of maxilliped. E. Telson and

uropods. F. Telson of another specimen. G. Spine of pereopod 1 carpus (6). H. Pereopod 7

ischium and merus (¢).

18 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

0,05 mm

0,1 mm

0,2 mm

Fig. 9. Nahia hirsuta (Budde-Lund, 1906). A. Pleopod 1 exopodite (¢d). B. Pleopod 1

endopodite (¢). C. Apex of pleopod 1 endopodite (¢), ventral view. D. Pleopod 2 (¢).

Remarks

A study of part of Barnard’s collection showed that he had identified two

different species as Nahia hirsuta. The specimens from Addo Bush (Barnard

1932: 246) belong, in fact, to a new species of Nahia (see below). Consequently

only the verified material can be considered as correctly assigned, while all the

other records must be considered as sub judice.

Furthermore, as Philoscia warreni Collinge, 1917, from Natal is not a

synonym of N. hirsuta, as affirmed by Barnard (1932: 247), all his records from

REVISION OF THE FAMILY PHILOSCIIDAE 19

this region must be considered as doubtful. In our opinion this species occurs

only in the southern part of Cape Province.

It is likely that Chaetophiloscia elongata from Cape Town (Dollfus

1895b: 350) refers to N. hirsuta, as its colour pattern and general body shape

are very similar to this species.

Nahia louwi sp. nov.

Fig. 10

Philoscia (Nahia) hirsuta: Barnard, 1932: 245, partim (the specimens from Addo Bush).

Material

Barnard Collection. Cape Province: 1 d, Addo Bush, leg. J. Drury, July

1919, holotype SAM-A16860; 94d, 139%, same data, paratypes

SAM-A6067.

Description

6 7,5mm long; ° 8mm long. Colour faded by long conservation. Eye

with about twenty-two ommatidia. Back with numerous upright setae. Number

and disposition of gland pores as in N. hirsuta. Noduli laterales with b/c and d/c

co-ordinates as in Figure 10A. Telson (Fig. 10B) with concave sides, rounded

apex. Antenna: ratio of flagellum joints 5:4: 4.

Male

Pereopods 1-3 merus and carpus with sparse brushes of spines as in

N. hirsuta. Pereopod 7 ischium very similar to that of the preceding species,

merus lacking the setose protuberance (Fig. 10C). Pleopod 1 exopodite with

outer margin not excised (Fig. 10D); endopodite with goblet-shaped apex,

equipped with many setae (Fig. 10E). Pleopod 2 asin N. hirsuta.

Etymology

The species is named for Prof. G. N. Louw, Head of the Department of

Zoology of the University of Cape Town.

Remarks

These specimens were identified as Nahia hirsuta by Barnard. The new

species, even if closely related to N. hirsuta, is readily distinguished in the male

by the lack of a meral protrusion on pereopod 7, the non-truncated and

non-excised outer margin of pleopod 1 exopodite, and goblet-shaped apex of

pleopod 1 endopodite.

Genus Natalscia Verhoeff, 1942

Diagnosis

Sulcus marginalis and gland pores present; one series of noduli laterales on

each side of pereon segments; d/c co-ordinates with a maximum on pereon

20 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

0.5 0.5 e*_ a ae

I ib ot iM Veovi Vt A 1 it ot Ww Voevie Vil

Fig. 10. Nahia louwi sp. nov. A. bic and d/c co-ordinates. B. Telson and left uropod.

C. Pereopod 7 ischium and merus (d). D. Pleopod 1 exopodite (d). E. Pleopod 1 endo-

podite (¢).

REVISION OF THE FAMILY PHILOSCIIDAE 7]|

segment 4 and a lower one on segment 1 (Figs 12A, 14A, 15A, 16A, 17A).

Frontal line absent, supra-antennal line present. Pleon epimera reduced, with

small posterior points visible in dorsal view. Molar penicil of mandible consist-

ing of a single unbranched seta; outer ramus of maxilla 1 with 4+ 6 (5 cleft)

teeth; endite of maxilliped with tiny setae at the apex and without penicil

(Fig. 12B). A long flagellar dactylar seta is present. Pleopod exopodites with-

out respiratory areas. Uropod protopodite grooved on outer margin; insertion

of endopodite proximal to that of exopodite.

Type species

Philoscia warreni Collinge, 1917 = Philoscia mina Budde-Lund, 1885, from

South Africa.

Remarks

Natalscia was established by Verhoeff (1942: 64) for Philoscia warreni

Collinge, 1917. As Barnard (1932: 247) considered this to be a synonym of

Nahia hirsuta (Budde-Lund, 1906), the genus Natalscia also became synony-

mous with Nahia. Instead, a study of Collinge’s material showed that P.

warreni and N. hirsuta belong to distinct genera, and thus Natalscia is to be

considered as a valid genus. However, Verhoeff’s diagnosis—based exclusively

on Collinge’s description and figures (often erroneous)—is incomplete and

incorrect in at least two points: the frontal line is absent (present according to

Verhoeff), and the outer branch of maxilla 1 has ten instead of eight teeth.

Thus it proved necessary to redefine the genus Natalscia.

It is very close to the new genus Barnardoscia from which it differs by the

presence of two, rather than four, noduli laterales on pereon segment 7 and the

lack of a penicil on the maxilliped. It differs from Nahia in the different

position of the noduli laterales (compare Figs 8A and 12A for b/c and d/c

co-ordinates), and from Setaphora Budde-Lund, 1908, in the position of the

noduli laterales (compare Fig. 12A with Fig. 83 in Taiti & Ferrara 1980), the

lack of a maxillipedal penicil, and the different level of insertion of the uropod

endo- and exopodites.

A comparison of the type material showed that P. warreni is a junior

synonym of P. mina Budde-Lund, 1885.

The genus Natalscia includes five species, all from South Africa. A sixth

form (Natalscia sp.) is known from Transvaal.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF NATALSCIA

ieeltelsonisemucincular (Fig. 16B). 2... 222 ee eh eee kee N. rotundata sp. nov.

=emneisonitnancular (Figs 12C, 14B, 15B, 17B)... .... . eee cans ee ee tees eek oe eee py)

2. Pereopods 1-2 carpus and merus ¢ without brushes of spines ..... N. mina (Budde-Lund)

— Pereopods 1-2 carpus and merus ¢ with brushes of spines (Figs 15C, 17C) ......... 3)

3. Pleopod 1 d: exopodite with an evident triangular protrusion on outer margin

(Fig. 1SE); endopodite with an elongate hyaline lobe at the apex (Fig. 15G)

N. thomsoni sp. nov.

— Pleopod 1 6: exopodite without triangular protrusion on outer margin (Figs 14E,

17E); endopodite without terminal hyaline lobe ........................0..0 2005. 4

Dips ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

4. Pleopod 1 6: endopodite with styliform apical part, apex equipped with tiny setae

(Big ATE )iig-g sa Ds.c ape Mite eats aie. cates a ee eee ee a N. appletoni sp. nov.

— Pleopod 1 6: endopodite without styliform apical part, apex without setae (Fig. 14F)

N. cingulata (Barnard)

Natalscia mina (Budde-Lund, 1885)

Figs 11-13

Philoscia mina Budde-Lund, 1885: 219. Dollfus, 18955: 351. Stebbing, 1910: 443. Barnard,

1937: 164. Barnard, 1949: 402.

Philoscia warreni Collinge, 1917: 578, pl. 42 (figs 10-20). Collinge, 1920: 477, pl. 27 (fig. 6).

Collinge, 1945: 346.

Philoscia (Setaphora) mina: Barnard, 1932: 242, figs 18b, 19e. Brian, 1953: 9.

Natalscia warreni: Verhoeff, 1942: 64.

Philoscia Warreni: Brian, 1953: 9.

Setaphora mina: Ferrara & Taiti, 1979: 119. Taiti & Ferrara, 1980: 83.

nec Philoscia (Setaphora) mina: Barnard, 1960a: 47.

Material

Budde-Lund Collection. 2 dd, 1 9, Cape, leg. J. F. Drege, BM-1921:

10: 18: 1899-1901 (syntypes).

Collinge Collection. 3 dd, 9 29, Umbilo Bush, near Durban, Natal,

leg. E. Warren, BM-1919: 4: 26: 469-478 (P. warreni; paratypes).

New material. Natal: 4 dd, 1 2, Pietermaritzburg, leg. S. Taiti, 19 April

1980, MZUF-1005; 2 dd, Gillits, leg. S. Taiti, 26 April 1980, MZUF-1006;

1 3d, 2 22, Umhlanga Rocks, coastal forest, leg. S. Taiti and K. C. Thomson,

26 April 1980, MZUF-1007; 17 dd, 30 22, mouth of Mdloti River, man-

grove forest, leg. S. Taiti and K. C. Thomson, 26 April 1980, MZUF-1008;

25 dod, 34 22, Umdloti, leg. S. Taiti and K. C. Thomson, 26 April 1980,

MZUF-1009.

Transkei: ? 1 36, ? 8 99, Umgazana, near Port St. Johns, leg. B. F.

Kensley, 18 August 1974, SAM-A16861.

Description

11 x 4,5 mm long (according to Barnard the maximum dimensions are

13 x 5 mm). Brown colour, more or less suffused with yellowish; a white oval

spot at the base of pereon epimera and medial dark spot on the posterior part

of pereon segments; pleon with a light stripe in the mid-line (Fig. 11); appen-

dages pigmented. Though the light and dark spots are always visible, very pale

specimens (due to isolated chromatophores) are rather common. Eye with

about twenty-two ommatidia. Each pereon segment with ten to twenty gland

pores per side. Noduli laterales with b/c and d/c co-ordinates as in Figure 12A.

Telson (Fig. 12C) with subacute apex. Antenna: ratio of flagellum joints

5 : 3: 3. Pereopod with a flagellar dactylar seta (Fig. 12D).

Male

Anterior pereopods without brushes of spines. Pereopod 7 ischium with a

strong spine on sternal margin (Fig. 12E). Pleopod 1 exopodite with a long

P28,

REVISION OF THE FAMILY PHILOSCIIDAE

Fig. 11. Natalscia mina (Budde-Lund, 1885). Adult female

24 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

0.5 0.5

! nom Mw VeVi Vil A | to ot Ww VeVi vil

wy! ! \ re!

ly 1

0,05 mm

0.2mm

Fig. 12. Natalscia mina (Budde-Lund, 1885). A. b/c and d/c co-ordinates. B. Apex of

maxilliped. C. Telson and uropods. D. Pereopod 1 dactylus: d.s.—dactylar seta. E. Pereopod

7 ischium and merus (<¢).

REVISION OF THE FAMILY PHILOSCIIDAE 125)

( \penoacsooH

0,2 mm 0,2mm

Fig. 13. Natalscia mina (Budde-Lund, 1885). A. Pleopod 1 exopodite (¢). B. Pleopod 1

endopodite (d). C. Pleopod 2 (¢). D. Pleopod 1 exopodite in the male from Umgazana.

triangular point bent outward, outer margin sinuose (Fig. 13A); endopodite

with a row of spines and a narrow hyaline lobe at the apex (Fig. 13B). Pleopod

2 as in Figure 13C.

Remarks

As mentioned above, a comparison of type material of Philoscia warreni

and P. mina showed these to be the same species. The original material of

P. mina collected by Drege is labelled ‘Cape’ but, as pointed out by Barnard

(1932: 244), these specimens probably come from Natal.

26 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

As with Nahia hirsuta, the uncertainties and errors in identification by the

early authors make it impossible to define the exact distribution of Natalscia

mina. It is definitely common in southern Natal.

The male from Umgazana has the outer margin of pleopod 1 exopodite

truncated instead of rounded (Fig. 13D), while all the other characters coincide

with the typical N. mina. This could be a specific difference but the authors

cannot reach a firm conclusion due to the insufficient material.

Natalscia cingulata (Barnard, 1932)

Fig. 14

Philoscia (Setaphora) cingulata Barnard, 1932: 244, figs 160, 17b, 18b, 19b, Brian, 1953: 9.

Philoscia cingulata: Barnard, 1949: 403.

Setaphora cingulata: Ferrara & Taiti, 1979: 118. Taiti & Ferrara, 1980: 83.

_ Material

Barnard Collection. Natal: 1 6, 9 29, Port Shepstone, leg. K. H. Bar-

nard, 1912, BM—1933:1:25:87-92 (syntypes).

New material. Transkei: ? 10 29, Port St. Johns, leg. B. F. Kensley, 14

August 1974, SAM-A16862.

Description

3 6mm long; ¢ ovig. 7 mm long. Colour as described by Barnard: ‘Pale

yellowish, with broad greyish bands across front of head between eyes, and

across the peraeon and pleon segments, on the latter usually interrupted in the

middle line; antennae pale greyish, legs pale without gray marks.’ Eye with

eighteen to twenty ommatidia. Each pereon segment with about ten gland

pores per side arranged along the whole sulcus marginalis. Noduli laterales with

b/c and d/c co-ordinates as in Figure 14A. Telson with pointed apex (Fig. 14B).

Antenna: ratio of flagellum joints 6:5:5. Dactylar seta of pereopods

flagelliform, slightly enlarged at apex (Fig. 14C). Uropod as in Figure 14D.

Male

Pereopods 1-2 carpus and merus with a brush of spines as in N. thomsoni.

Pereopods 3—7 are missing in the only male. Pleopod 1 exopodite with short

triangular posterior point (Fig. 14E); endopodite dorsally with a row of long

spines close to the apex (Fig. 14F). Pleopod 2 endopodite much longer than

exopodite (Fig. 14G).

Remarks

The examination of the type material showed that this species belongs to

the genus Natalscia. N. cingulata closely resembles N. mina from which it

differs by the smaller size, presence of a brush of spines on the anterior

pereopods and the shorter posterior point of pleopod 1 exopodite d. The

colour pattern is also a distinguishing character.

REVISION OF THE FAMILY PHILOSCIIDAE 27

0.5 0.5

| oo Ive VME VU A | nom Ww Vv oVi Vi

0,2mm

Fig. 14. Natalscia cingulata (Barnard, 1932). A. b/c and d/c co-ordinates. B. Telson.

C. Pereopod 1 dactylus: d.s.—dactylar seta. D. Left uropod. E. Pleopod 1 exopodite (¢).

F. Pleopod 1 endopodite (¢). G. Pleopod 2 (¢).

28 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

The specimens from Port St. Johns are tentatively ascribed to this species,

due to the lack of males.

N. cingulata is recorded from Howick and Port Shepstone.

Natalscia thomsoni sp. nov.

Fig. 15

Material

Natal: 1d, Claridge, near Pietermaritzburg, leg. S. Taiti and K. C.

Thomson, 27 April 1980, holotype SAM-A16863; 2 dd, 2 $9, same data,

paratypes SAM-A16864; 33 dd, 28 2°, same data, paratypes MZUF-1010;

1 ¢, Town Bush, leg. S. Taiti and J. H. Londt, 22 April 1980, paratype

MZUF-1011; 2 dd, 2 2, Karkloof, leg. S. Taiti and J. H. Londt, 24 April

1980, paratypes MZUF-1012.

_ Description

36 8mm long; 2 9mm long. Colour extremely variable: whitish with

isolated, more or less clustered chromatophores; or yellowish with three

longitudinal black stripes: a median one from cephalon to pleon segment 3 and

two at the base of pereon epimera; the lateral stripes have a row of white spots

in the middle; pleon segments 4-5 and telson black; antennae with a white ring

at the base of joints 4 and 5; pereopods, pleopods and uropods slightly

pigmented. Eye with about twenty-five ommatidia. Each pereon segment with

about fifteen gland pores per side arranged along the whole sulcus marginalis.

Co-ordinates of noduli laterales as in Figure 15A. Telson (Fig. 15B) with

almost straight sides. Antenna: ratio of flagellum joints 8:6:5. Pereopods with

a dactylar seta as in Figure 15D.

Male

Pereopods 1-2 merus and carpus with thick brushes of spines (Fig. 15C).

Pereopod 3 merus and carpus with sparse brushes. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 15D)

ischium with concave sternal surface equipped with short spines, closer together

distally; merus with the same spines at the base. Pleopod 1 exopodite

(Fig. 11E) with posterior point bent outwards and with one spine at apex; outer

margin distally concave with a small triangular protrusion, missing in juveniles

(Fig. 11F); endopodite with an elongated hyaline lobe at apex (Fig. 11G).

Pleopod 2 as in Figure 11H.

Etymology

The new species is named for Mr K. C. Thomson, Pietermaritzburg, for his

invaluable help in collecting material.

Remarks

N. thomsoni differs from N. mina by the presence of thick brushes of

spines on pereopods 1-2 6 carpus and merus and the distinctly concave sternal

REVISION OF THE FAMILY PHILOSCIIDAE 29

IV Vv vi Vil IV Vv vi Vil

0,2 mm _92mm \ at .

0,2mm

Fig. 15. Natalscia thomsoni sp. nov. A. b/c and d/c co-ordinates. B. Telson and left uropod.

C. Spine of pereopod 1 carpus (3). D. Pereopod 7 (¢): d.s——dactylar seta. E. Pleopod 1

exopodite (d). F. Pleopod 1 exopodite (¢) juvenile. G. Apex of pleopod 1 endopodite (<).

H. Pleopod 2 (¢).

30 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

margin of pereopod 7 ischium which is straight in N. mina; from N. cingulata

which lacks both a hyaline lobe on the pleopod 1 d endopodite apex and a

triangular protrusion on the outer margin of pleopod 1 d exopodite; from

N. appletoni sp. nov. by the shape of pereopod 7 ¢ ischium (cf. Figs 15D and

17D) and pleopod 1 6 (cf. Figs 15E, G and 17E-F); from N. rotundata sp.

nov. which has a semicircular rather than a triangular telson.

Natalscia rotundata sp. nov.

Fig. 16

Material

Natal: 1 6, Umdloti, leg. S. Taiti and K. C. Thomson, 26 April 1980,

holotype SAM-A16865; 16, 19, same data, paratypes SAM-A16866;

3 dd, 6 $%, same data, paratypes MZUF-1013.

Description

6 5,5mm long; 2 6mm long. Yellowish colour mottled with brown;

antenna with joints 1-3 of peduncle reddish; pereopods and pleopods slightly

pigmented. Eye with sixteen to eighteen ommatidia. Back equipped with

upright setae, closer together on pleon; each pereon segment with five to ten

gland pores per side arranged along the whole sulcus marginalis; b/c and d/c

co-ordinates of noduli laterales as in Figure 16A. Telson semicircular

(Fig. 16B). Antenna: ratio of flagellum joints 10: 7:8. Dactylar seta

(Fig. 16C) as in N. thomsoni.

Male

Pereopods 1—2 merus and carpus with sparse brushes of spines similar to

N. thomsoni. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 16C) ischium with sternal margin swollen in the

middle. Pleopod 1 exopodite (Fig. 16D) with acute posterior point; endopodite

with some spines close to apex (Fig. 16E). Pleopod 2 as in Figure 16F.

Etymology

The specific name refers to the rounded telson, a character which imme-

diately separates N. rotundata from all the other species of Natalscia.

Natalscia appletoni sp. nov.

Fig. 17

Material

Zululand: 1 6, Lake Sibaya Research Station, garden, leg. C. C. Apple-

ton, 7 January 1973, No. 8L, holotype SAM-A16867; 6 dd, 3 2%, same

data, paratypes SAM-A16868; 7 6d, 13 2°, near Lake Sibaya Research

Station, coastal dune forest, leg. C. C. Appleton, 18 December 1973, No. 13E,

paratypes SAM-A16869; 1 2, same data, 29 July 1973, No. 49L, paratype

REVISION OF THE FAMILY PHILOSCIIDAE 31

15 by 1.5 dy.

1 1

0.5 0.5

A T7scaae Seana

| 1

I nom Ww VeVi Vil iv voevi Vil

0,2 mm

Fig. 16. Natalscia rotundata sp. nov. A. b/c and d/c co-ordinates. B. Telson and right

uropod. C. Pereopod 7 (d): d.s.—dactylar seta. D. Pleopod 1 exopodite (¢d). E. Apex of

pleopod 1 endopodite (¢). F. Pleopod 2 (¢).

32 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

0.5 0.5

I fo ot 6 6IV VeooVE OVI A cb i em Ww oVoVEi Vit

Fig. 17. Natalscia appletoni sp. nov. A. b/c and d/c co-ordinates. B. Telson and right uropod.

C. Spine of pereopod 1 carpus (¢). D. Pereopod 7 ischium and merus (d). E. Pleopod 1

exopodite (d). F. Pleopod 1 endopodite (¢). G. Pleopod 2 (¢).

REVISION OF THE FAMILY PHILOSCIIDAE 33

SAM-A16870; 3 dd, 21292, same data, date ?, No. 18D, paratypes

SAM-A16871; 6 2°, same data, date ?, No. 18L, paratypes SAM-—A16872;

1 2, same data, 10 October 1973, No. 76E, paratypes SAM-—A16873; 2 2°,

same data, date ?, No. 62F, paratypes SAM-A16874; 2 2°, same data, date

?, No. 71Q, paratypes SAM-A16875.

Description

6 mm long. Pale brown colour; antenna with joints 1-3 and proximal part

of 5 yellowish; pereopods and pleopods pigmented. Eye with twenty to

twenty-two ommatidia. Each pereon segment with about ter gland pores per

side arranged along the whole sulcus marginalis; b/c and d/c co-ordinates of

noduli laterales as in Figure 17A. Telson (Fig. 17B) with apex at an obtuse

angle. Antenna with subequal flagellum joints. Dactylar seta of pereopods as in

N. rotundata.

Male

Pereopods 1-2 carpus with brushes of spines as in Figure 17C. Pereopod 7

ischium with sternal margin almost straight and a semicircular depression on

rostral surface (Fig. 17D). Pleopod 1 exopodite (Fig. 17E) with rounded pos-

terior point, outer margin feebly concave; endopodite (Fig. 17F) with a long

styliform distal part, apex equipped with tiny setae. Pleopod 2 as in Figure

£7/G.

Etymology

This species is named for Dr C. C. Appleton, Congella, who collected

these specimens.

Remarks

N. appletoni differs from all the other species of Natalscia by the presence

of a semicircular depression on pereopod 7 ¢d ischium; the largely rounded

posterior point of pleopod 1 6d exopodite and the styliform pleopod 1 6

endopodite apex.

Natalscia sp.

Fig. 18

Philoscia (Setaphora) mina: Barnard, 1960a: 47. Lawrence, 1977: 175.

Material

Bamard Collection.. Transvaal: 16, 3 29, Graskop, leg. R: F.

Lawrence, March 1960, NM-6509; 3 2°, Marieskop, +6 000 ft, leg. R. F.

Lawrence, March 1960, NM-—6505.

34 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

0.2mm

0,5mm

0,2 mm

Fig. 18. Natalscia sp. A. Telson. B. Pleopod 1 exopodite (d). C. Pleopod 1 endopodite (¢).

Remarks

Barnard (1960a) identified these specimens as Philoscia (Setaphora) mina.

A check of his material showed that these belong to the genus Natalscia but are

not conspecific with N. mina. In fact, the shape of the telson (Fig. 18A) and

general shape of pleopod 1 6 endopodite (Fig. 18C) differ notably from those

of N. mina. The only male available (5 mm long) is probably a juvenile, as

suggested by the shape of pleopod 1 exopodite (Fig. 18B), and has the apices of

pleopod 1 endopodites damaged. Thus a distinctive description is not possible.

In discussing this material, Barnard (1960a: 48) stated that he also saw

‘specimens from Inhaca Island (Delagoa Bay) which appeared conspecific’. It is

not clear whether he referred to the typical N. mina or to the specimens from

Transvaal. The re-examination of the material from Inhaca Island (Mozam-

bique) is necessary for a correct identification.

Genus Barnardoscia nov.

Diagnosis

Sulcus marginalis and gland pores present; one series of noduli laterales on

each side of pereon segments 1-6; two noduli laterales on each side of pereon

segment 7; d/c co-ordinates with a maximum on pereon segment 4 and a lower

one on segment 1 (Figs 20A and 22A). Frontal line absent; supra-antennal line

present. Pereon segments 5-7 with acute posterior angles (Fig. 20C). Pleon

epimera reduced but with long posterior points. Molar penicil of mandible

consisting of a single unbranched seta; outer branch of maxilla 1 with 4+ 6 (5

cleft) teeth; endite of maxilliped with a small penicil (Fig. 20B). Pereopods

REVISION OF THE FAMILY PHILOSCIIDAE 35

with a flagellar dactylar seta. Pleopod exopodites without respiratory areas.

Uropod protopodite grooved on outer margin; insertion of endopodite proxi-

mal to that of exopodite.

Type species

Philoscia (Setaphora) demarcata Barnard, 1932, from South Africa.

Etymology

The genus is named for Dr K. H. Barnard to whom we are indebted for

many important papers on South African terrestrial Isopoda.

Remarks

The re-examination of the type material of Philoscia (Setaphora) demar-

cata showed that this species belongs to a new genus, Barnardoscia, akin to

Natalscia from which it is distinguished by the presence of four noduli laterales

on the pereon segment 7 and the presence of a penicil on maxilliped.

Barnardoscia includes two species, both from South Africa.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BARNARDOSCIA

1. Pereopod 7 6: ischium with a depression on the middle of the rostral surface (Fig. 20G).

Pleopod 1 6: exopodite with posterior point equipped with one or two apical spines

(VEE, DIC) 0 \o-cg este Ceska nar ara OI ne na co i a a ee B. demarcata (Barnard)

— Pereopod 7 ¢: ischium with a depression close to the base of the rostral surface (Fig. 22C).

Pleopod 1 6: exopodite without posterior point and spines (Fig. 22D) B. maculata sp. nov.

Barnardoscia demarcata (Barnard, 1932)

Figs 19-21

Philoscia (Setaphora) demarcata Barnard, 1932: 244, figs 16q, 17c, 18a, 19b.

Philoscia demarcata: Barnard, 1937: 164. Barnard, 1949: 402. Brian, 1953: 9.

Setaphora demarcata: Ferrara & Taiti, 1979: 118. Taiti & Ferrara, 1980: 83.

Material

Barnard Collection. Natal: 4 66, 3 2%, (in fragments), Pietermaritz-

burg, leg. K. H. Barnard, 1917, BM—1933:1:25:93—97 (syntypes).

New material. Natal: 17 dd, 42 22, Claridge, Pietermaritzburg, leg.

S. Taiti, 27 April 1980, MZUF-1014; 5 dd, 25 22, Cedara, near Pieter-

maritzburg, leg. S. Taiti, 20 April 1980, MZUF-1015; 23 6d, 34 22, Kar-

kloof, near Howick, leg. S. Taiti and J. H. Londt, 24 April 1980, MZUF-1016;

1 3d, 3 22, Town Bush, near Pietermaritzburg, leg. S. Taiti and J. H. Londt, 22

April 1980; MZUF-1017; 1 36, 1 2, Lundys Hill, about 70 km W of Pieter-

maritzburg, leg. S. Taiti and K. C. Thomson, 25 April 1980, MZUF- 1018; 1 d,

Bulwer, leg. S. Taiti and K. C. Thomson, 25 April 1980, MZUF-1019.

Description

3 7,5 mm long; 2 9 mm long. Dark brown with light mottling. Eye with

about twenty large ommatidia. Each pereon segment with seventeen to twenty

36 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Fig. 19. Barnardoscia demarcata (Barnard, 1932). Adult female.

gland pores per side; b/c and d/c co-ordinates of noduli laterales as in Figure

20A. Pereon segments 2—4 demarcated in some female specimens. Telson

(Fig. 20D) with concave sides, narrowly rounded apex. Flagellum joints of

antenna subequal.

Male

Cephalon with a bulbous profrons (compare Fig. 20E, ¢°, and Fig. 20F,

36). Pereopods 1-3 merus and carpus with sparse brushes of spines similar to

those of Natalscia thomsoni. Pereopod 7 ischium (Fig. 20G) with a large

REVISION OF THE FAMILY PHILOSCIIDAE 37

I to om WwW VeVi Vil A I to ot Ww VeVi Vil

0,05 mm

0,5mm

0.5mm

Fig. 20. Barnardoscia demarcata (Barnard, 1932). A. b/c and d/c co-ordinates. B. Apex of

maxilliped: p.—penicil. C. Pereon epimera 4~7, right. D. Telson and left uropod. E. Cepha-

lon from above (2). F. Cephalon from above (6). G. Pereopod 7 ischium and merus (<¢).

38 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

0,05 mm

0,2mm

0,2 mm

E a

0,2 mm

Fig. 21. Barnardoscia demarcata (Barnard, 1932). A. Pleopod 1 exopodite (d). B. Pleopod 1

exopodite (d) in another specimen. C. Pleopod 1 exopodite (¢) in one syntype from

Pietermaritzburg. D. Pleopod 1 exopodite (¢), juvenile 4 mm long. E. Pleopod 1 exopodite

(3), juvenile 4,7 mm long. F. Pleopod 1 endopodite (d). G. Apex of pleopod 1 endopodite

(3). H. Pleopod 2 (d). I. Pleopod 5 exopodite (¢).

REVISION OF THE FAMILY PHILOSCIIDAE 39

depression on the middle of the rostral surface. Pleopod 1: exopodite varies in

shape (Fig. 21A—C). In some specimens the posterior, rather than the external,

point, is the most developed (Fig. 21A), while in other specimens the posterior

point is more rounded and less pronounced, and the external point is the most

developed (Fig. 21B). During the course of development (Fig. 21D-E) the

external point progressively increases in size with respect to the posterior point.

Apex of pleopod 1 endopodite (Fig. 21F—G) with spines and a small

triangular lobe. Pleopod 2 as in Figure 21H. Pleopod 5 exopodite with straight

medial edge (Fig. 211).

Remarks

The suture at the base of the pereon epimera 2-4 @ is a sporadic trait, as it

is in every other species of terrestrial isopod presenting this character.

The external point of the pleopod 1 exopodite d develops progressively

with the growth of the specimen. This appendage also varies greatly in shape in

fully adult males (see Fig. 21A—C) of the same lot.

Barnardoscia maculata sp. nov.

Bigs 22

Material

Nataly ig, near Bulwer, leg. S. Waitt, 25 April 1980, holotype

SAM-A16876; 2 66, 2 22, same data, paratypes SAM-A16877; 7 do,

12 22, 20 juv., same data, paratypes MZUF-1020.

Description

6 7mm long; ¢ 7,5 mm long. Iron-grey with lighter mottling, a white

stripe at the base and a pale spot in the middle of pereon epimera. Eye with

about twenty-five small ommatidia. Each pereon segment with ten to twelve

gland pores per side, arranged along the whole length; b/c and d/c co-ordinates

of noduli laterales as in Figure 22A. None of the females with pereon epimera

2-4 demarcated. Telson with almost straight sides, rounded apex (Fig. 22B).

Antenna with flagellum joints subequal.

Male

Cephalon as in B. demarcata. Pereopods 1-2 carpus and merus with sparse

spines of the same type as in Natalscia thomsoni. Pereopod 7 ischium with a

depression close to the base on the rostral surface (Fig. 22C). Pleopod 1

exopodite (Fig. 22D-E) typically without posterior point and apical spine;

endopodite (Fig. 22F) similar to that of B. demarcata. Pleopod 5 exopodite

with oblique medial edge (Fig. 22G).

Etymology

The specific name refers to the characteristic coloration of this species.

40 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

0.5 0.5

i WM VoVI Vil A es | ee || |

0,05 mm

Fig. 22. Barnardoscia maculata sp. nov. <A. b/c and d/c co-ordinates. B. Telson.

C. Pereopod 7 ischium and merus (d). D. Pleopod 1 exopodite (¢). E. Pleopod 1 exopodite

(3), juvenile 4,2 mm long. F. Apex of pleopod 1 endopodite (¢). G. Pleopod 5 exopodite (¢).

REVISION OF THE FAMILY PHILOSCIIDAE 41

Remarks

The new species is very close to B. demarcata from which it differs by the

(i) different colour pattern, (11) smaller and more numerous ommatidia,

(iii) fewer number of gland pores, and (iv) male modifications: pereopod 7

ischium with a smaller depression much closer to the base, pleopod 1 exopodite

with truncated apex, shape of pleopod 5 exopodite.

SYSTEMATIC DISCUSSION

To date the following species were known in South Africa:

Aphiloscia vilis (Budde-Lund, 1885)

Benthanops fulva Barnard, 1932

Nahia hirsuta (Budde-Lund, 1906)

Setaphora mina (Budde-Lund, 1885)

Setaphora cingulata Barnard, 1932

Setaphora demarcata Barnard, 1932

Setaphora ocellata Barnard, 1960

Chaetophiloscia elongata (Dollfus, 1884)

Philoscia muscorum (Scopoli, 1763)

All the species listed were re-examined, with the exception of the last two

which are of Mediterranean origin and whose presence in South Africa—if

confirmed—is due to importation by man. In the authors’ opinion the Chaeto-

philoscia elongata quoted by Dollfus (1895) corresponds to Nahia hirsuta, while

the records of Philoscia muscorum from Natal, ‘Hilton Road and Mid-Illovo’

(Collinge 1920), are definitely a misidentification (see also Verhoeff 1942).

Five new species have also been described. Of even greater interest is the

fact that it was possible to assign each species to the correct genus, each of

which was redefined according to modern criteria.

As a result, Benthanops Barnard, 1932, and Ctenoscia Verhoeff, 1928,

which appeared to be identical according to the early descriptions, proved to be

distinct even if extremely close genera.

The study of most of Barnard’s material allowed the authors to redefine

the genus Nahia Budde-Lund, 1908, clarify the identifying traits of the only

species known to date, N. hirsuta, and describe a new one, N. louwi.

The task of correctly collocating the four species assigned by Barnard

(1932, 1960a) to Setaphora Budde-Lund, 1908, was complicated above all by

the uncertain diagnosis of this genus. It was established by Budde-Lund (1908)

for Philoscia suarezi Dollfus, 1895, from Diego-Suarez in Madagascar.

Budde-Lund reportedly found this species not only in Madagascar but on

several islands of the west Indian Ocean, and later (1910) in east Africa

(Kibonoto, Meru and Kibosho). In 1913, Budde-Lund published a list of

species belonging to the genus Setaphora, including two new species from the

Seychelles: S. ovata and S. pallidemaculata. Herold (1931) redefined the genus

42 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

and described some species from the Sunda islands without, however, adding

any truly unequivocable traits. The same can be said for the diagnosis

presented by Barnard (1932). While Taiti & Ferrara (1980) and Ferrara & Taiti

(in press) presented a diagnosis of this genus based on the study of the syntypes

of S. ovata and S. pallidemaculata, they affirmed that only the study of the type

species S. suarezi could provide an exact diagnosis.

As the problem of identifying the genus Setaphora reappeared with the

South African material, it was decided to check the specimens of Philoscia

suarezi on which Budde-Lund (1908) had based the new genus. The study of

this material (BM No. 1921:10:18:2351—2358) did little clarify the problem as

the specimens contained in the tube (i) come from two different collections

(Voeltzkow and Alluaud) and two different localities (Nossi Bé and Diego-

Suarez) (Ellis & Lincoln 1975: 92), (ii) are in poor condition and unable to

withstand much handling, (iii) belong to two distinct species, one of which

probably corresponds to the Philoscia suarezi described by Dollfus and the

other to the Philoscia suarezi intended by Budde-Lund, and (iv) allow no

conclusions on the genus (or genera?) to which they belong. Furthermore, the

Danish author had established Setaphora on specimens—which he identified as

P. suarezi—from other islands of the western Indian Ocean (Réunion,

Comoro, Fundu) as well, but which probably belong to other species. It is

indicative that the east African specimens identified by Budde-Lund (1910) as

S. suarezi (NRS Is. 5826: Meru) not only do not correspond to the description

of P. suarezi by Dollfus (1895a) but are not conspecific with the British

Museum specimens. In fact, they belong to Afrophiloscia uncinata (Ferrara,

1974).

Until further information is available, the authors consider their diagnosis of

Setaphora (Taiti & Ferrara 1980; Ferrara & Taiti in press) as valid. The four

species assigned by Barnard to the genus belong to three distinct genera, none of

which fits the proposed diagnosis of Setaphora. In fact, Setaphora ocellata belongs

to the genus Afrophiloscia Taiti & Ferrara, 1980, S. demarcata is the type species

of the new genus Barnardoscia, which also includes B. maculata sp. nov., while S.

mina and S. cingulata belong to the genus Natalscia Verhoeff, 1942, together with

the new species N. thomsoni, N. rotundata, and N. appletoni.

ZOOGEOGRAPHIC DISCUSSION

At present the list of South African Philosciidae—excluding Chaetophi-

loscia elongata and Philoscia muscorum for the above-mentioned reasons—is as

follows:

Aphiloscia vilis (Budde-Lund, 1885) Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Trans-

vaal, Natal, Zululand, Cape Pro-

vince, ?0vamboland

Benthanops fulva Barnard, 1932 Cape Province

REVISION OF THE FAMILY PHILOSCIIDAE

‘Sp1O991 POWIYUOSUN IO [NJIJQnop oa}eOIpUI

J o82

Ce OZ Od)

uopuoy 4sn5 43 2

NVIDO a JINIAOYd Jdvd

unqing

Bingzjinwiajarg Pee, Be

NVIGNI

lajuofwaojg

JIVL1S J4us JONVAO

YoldsdV HLNOS

Bingsauunyor o

oyndow HP ® DI104914 O

® ve

IVVASNVJUL

INOIIWVYZOW

VNVMSLO4d

okpmoing &

IMAVAaWIZ

AANgsijoS

fe)

syieu uonsanb ayy, ‘saiseds viynxy pue vjv]Ja90 vIosopydosy ‘sya viosopydy Jo sp10d01 UONNGIsIp BuUIMOYs voy UsOYINos Jo dep ‘¢z ‘SY

Ao9l

uMO| adn+

es) SSN ic

DeNSa IG ONY N im

DJO]J990 DIDsSOjIydoisy Ww

SIJIA DIDSO|IYdY @

NVjIDO

(vid WYN) DILNVILV

‘VYM'S So¥Z

uior1idpy\ yo dIdo4y

POUPUIM O

44 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Afrophiloscia ocellata Barnard, 1960) Transvaal

Nahia hirsuta (Budde-Lund, 1906) ?Natal, ?Zululand, Cape Pro-

vince

Nahia louwi sp. nov. Cape Province

Natalscia mina (Budde-Lund, 1885) Natal, ?Transkei, ?Cape Province

Natalscia cingulata (Barnard, 1932) Natal, ?Transkei

Natalscia thomsoni sp. nov. Natal

Natalscia rotundata sp. nov. Natal

Natalscia appletoni sp. nov. Zululand

Natalscia sp. Transvaal

Barnardoscia demarcata (Barnard, 1932) Natal

Barnardoscia maculata sp. nov. Natal

The recorded distribution of each species is shown in Figures 23-25. The

records of Aphiloscia vilis from Ovamboland, Nahia hirsuta from Natal and

Zululand, and Natalscia mina from Cape Province are doubtful due to the

uncertainties and errors in identification by the early authors. Because of the

insufficient material the records of Natalscia mina and N. cingulata from

Transkei need confirmation. Thus far, only Aphiloscia vilis has been found

outside South Africa as well.

The distribution of South African philosciids is of particular interest: of the

six known genera, four (Benthanops, Nahia, Natalscia, and Barnardoscia) are

exclusive to this region. Benthanops, however, shows many affinities to the

CAPE TOWN : @ Stellenbosch

Fig. 24. Map of the south-western Cape Province showing distribution records of Benthanops

fulva.

REVISION OF THE FAMILY PHILOSCIIDAE 45

MOZAMBIQUE

O Pretoria

O Johannesburg

TRANSVAAL SWAZILAND

ORANGE FREE STATE

ZULULAND

fe) Bloemfontein

e ietermaritzburg

@ Natalscia mina

ee re AN. cingulata

AN. thomsoni

WN. rotundata

32°S INDIAN VN. appletoni

CAPE OCEAN EIN. sp.

PROVINCE ® Barnardoscia demarcata

)

(X East London OB. maculata

Q Port Elizabeth

34°S

ZOE

Fig. 25. Map of eastern South Africa showing distribution records of Natalscia and Barnard-

oscia species. The question marks indicate doubtful or unconfirmed records.

46 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

South American Benthana Budde-Lund, 1908, and allied genera and to the

palearctic genus Ctenoscia, while Nahia belongs to the Plymophiloscia group

(Vandel 1973a, 19736) which occurs throughout the Orient and Australia. Of

this group, only Bilawrencia occidentalis Ferrara & Taiti, in press, from

Seychelles is known in Africa and surrounding islands. Natalscia and Barnardo-

scia are very close to each other and appear to be isolated from all the other

African philosciids. Aphiloscia and Afrophiloscia are the only genera found in

other African countries. The former is distributed throughout central and east

Africa, Madagascar and other islands of the western Indian Ocean, while the

latter occurs in Kenya and Tanzania. The fact that both genera are found only

in the eastern part of South Africa is proof of the faunistic continuity of this

area with east Africa.

TABLE 1

Synopsis of the Afrotropical genera of Philosctidae.

0) ° aS)

7, n 7 & = a fe)

& x) — = oH 3 = a S

3 3 ios} — 3 ie) a 1S oOo S

ee we iS) te = — a a

n S & ~ & 3 = v ‘5 mS = = <= s

os Se Ss = e 9 — a = secs

CO ws eb ee = = 4} = =| = oO. Oo v ae oO o «Of

asses =) iF a Bs 2 S&S %S = Ss cone

useuove ¢ S ¢@ = &¢ So & £5

= Som © = §€ § S22 =) 27a.

s SOG, FM wv o &2 © Os 7) pea a ©

Mmrnegrotrg s gc 3 CG Be & @ 2. 25a0

Aphiloscia + + sp aD S c - + F¢

Buddelundiscus eaten arn ? ? =p EOD 2 c = = &

Massaiscia Sea sr lie & e ap ae YD ? c = a

Komatia Pere wees oa ? ? arp) S € =:

Perinetia Uap ee Gee x z spe it Ss. SCL) ye we

Pleopodoscia LPT area ? ? a ae d c = = =

Didima (3) + +r = ss &£ dQ)

Rennelloscia + + I, IV = oe ad S Cc + - =

Sechelloscia —- + II, IV =) SE S S + - =

Afrophiloscia = oF IW ee ee ete ak S c =)

Setaphora =F OE IV = sp. S c ——- =

Barnardoscia (3) + + I, IV Sap S c sp

Natalscia (3) <p oF I, IV = spr S € = = =

Uluguroscia spr IV = sp. it S c =

Bilawrencia = sr = ee I d c oe = SE

Helenoscia (3) —- + v = os Ff d c +

Nahia (3) =e SF = = op ff S c =) eee

Benthanops (3) (4) + =e IV = ote sf d©)imeguse = = =

Congophiloscia + = II, IV = = F&F d c Se

Gabunoscia + + II, IV - - d Cc - - ¢

Togoscia aF ap II, IV ae eee d Cc ee

Vandelophiloscia — +f (ID). IY = d S - = #

Zebrascia — + II, IV a a Ne S Cc Se =

Arcangeloscia + =F IV = = Ff d c a a

+, present; —, absent; =, at the same level; +, spaced; c, cleft; d, dichotomized; p, pro-

duced; r, reduced; s, simple; se, serrate.

(1) 3+2 teeth; (2) 2 additional plumose teeth; (3) a dactylar seta is present; (4) a single

large ommatidium; (5) a tuft of plumose setae each arising separately.

REVISION OF THE FAMILY PHILOSCIIDAE 47

SYNOPSIS OF THE AFROTROPICAL GENERA OF PHILOSCIIDAE

In a previous paper on African philosciids (Taiti & Ferrara 1980), the

diagnosis of four genera was either incomplete (Benthanops, Nahia) or non-

existent (Natalscia, Barnardoscia) due to the lack of material, and thus it was

thought useful to present a new synopsis of the known afrotropical genera

(Table 1).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We are indebted to the Department of National Education of the Republic

of South Africa for having granted a fellowship to one of us (S. Taiti). We wish

to thank the following persons for the loan of material: Drs T. H. Barry and

P. A. Hulley (South African Museum), B. H. Lamoral and J. H. Londt (Natal

Museum), and Miss J. P. Ellis (British Museum (Natural History)). We are

grateful to Dr A. Andersson of the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, for

his help during a visit to the Museum. Particular thanks are due to Mr P. Paoli

(Centro di Studio per la Faunistica ed Ecologia Tropicali, Florence) for the

drawings.

REFERENCES

APPLETON, C. C. 1974. A check-list of the flora and fauna of the Gladdespruit, Nelspruit district

eastern Transvaal. News]. limnol. Soc. sth Afr. 22: 49-58.

ARCANGELI, A. 1950. Isopodi terrestri. Explor. Parc natn. Albert. Miss. H. Damas 15: 1-80.

BARNARD, K. H. 1932. Contributions to the crustacean fauna of South Africa. 11. Terrestrial

Isopoda. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 30: 179-388.

BARNARD, K. H. 1937. New South African woodlice (Isopoda Terrestria). Ann. Natal Mus.

8: 155-165.

BARNARD. K. H. 1949. Descriptions of new species and records of woodlice from South Africa

and Southern Rhodesia. Ann. Natal Mus. 11: 395-403.

BARNARD, K. H. 1956. A new species of Akermania (Isopoda) from Southern Rhodesia. Ann.

Natal Mus. 13: 435-436.

BARNARD, K. H. 1960a. Terrestrial Isopoda from the Transvaal. Ann. Natal Mus. 15: 45-55.

BARNARD, K. H. 19606. A collection of terrestrial Isopoda from Mt. Gorongoza, Portuguese E.

Africa. Ann. Natal Mus. 15: 505-511.

BriAN, A. 1953. Determinazione di Isopodi marini e terrestri provenienti dall’Angola,

collaggiunta della descrizione di una rara specie di Porcellio raccolta nella Guinea Porto-

ghese. Isopodi d’Angola raccolti dal Prof. Dartevelle. Genova: Tip. C. Badiall.

BupDDE-LUND, G. 1885. Crustacea Isopoda terrestria per Familias et Genera et species descripta.

Hauniae.

BuppE-LunD, G. 1898. Die Land-Isopoden Ost-Afrikas. Thierwelt Deutsch Ost-Afrika

4: 1-10.

BuppDE-LunpD, G. 1906. Die Landisopoden der deutschen Stidpolar-Expedition 1901-1903. Mit

Diagnosen verwandter Arten. Dt. Siidpol.-Exped. 9(2): 69-92.

BuppE-Lunpb, G. 1908. Isopoda von Madagascar und Ostafrika mit Diagnosen verwandter

Arten. Wiss. Ergebn. Reise Ostafr. 2(4): 263-308.

BuppE-LunpD, G. 1909. Land-Isopoden. Jn: ScHuLTzE, L. Zoologische und Anthropologische

Ergebnisse einen Forschungsreise in westlischen und zentralen Stidafrika 2: 53-70. Denk-

schr. med.-naturw. Ges. Jena 14.

BuppeE-Lunp, G. 1910. Isopoda. In: Sjastedt’s Kilimandjaro-Meru Expedition. 21. Crustacea.

3: 3-20. Stockholm.

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BubDDE-LuUND, G. 1913. The Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905, under

the leadership of Mr. J. Stanley Gardiner. (IV. No. 22). Terrestrial Isopoda particularly

considered in relation to the distribution of the Southern Indo-Pacific species. Trans. Linn.

Soc. Lond. (Zool.) 15: 367-394.

CoLuincE, W. E. 1917. Contributions to a knowledge of the terrestrial Isopoda of Natal. Part I.

Ann. Natal Mus. 3: 567-585.

CoLLinGE, W. E. 1920. Contributions to a knowledge of the terrestrial Isopoda of Natal. Part

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CoLLinGE, W. E. 1945. Note on some South African Terrestrial Isopoda. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist.

(11) 12: 344-347.

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groupe des Cloportides). Bull. Soc. Etud. scient. Paris 7: 1-4.

Do tFus, A. 1895a. Mission scientifique de M. Ch. Alluaud dans le territoire de Diégo-Suarez

(Madagascar-Nord). Avril-Aotit 1893. Isopodes terrestres recueillis 4 Diégo-Suarez, 4

Tamatave et ala Réunion. Mém. Soc. zool. Fr. 8: 180-188.

Do.iFrus, A. 18955. Voyage de M. E. Simon dans 1|’Afrique Australe (Janvier-Avril 1893).

Crustacés Isopodes terrestres. Mém. Soc. zool. Fr. 8: 345-352.

Exuts, J. P. & LINcoLn, R. J. 1975. Catalogue of the types of terrestrial isopods (Oniscoidea)

in the collections of the British Museum (Natural History). II. Oniscoidea, excluding

Pseudotracheata. Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Zool.) 28: 65-100 (a-e).

FERRARA, F. 1974. On some terrestrial Isopods from Tanzania. Monitore zool. ital. (n.s.) Suppl.

5: 309-324.

FERRARA, F. & Tait1, S. 1979. A check-list of terrestrial Isopods from Africa (south of the

Sahara). Monitore zool. ital. (n.s.) Suppl. 12: 89-215.

FERRARA, F. & Tait1, S. In press. Contribution a4 l’étude de la faune terrestre des iles

granitiques de l’archipel des Séchelles (Mission P. L. G. Benoit-J. J. van Mol 1972).

Isopodi terrestri. Annls Mus. r. Afr. cent. Sér. 8vo (Sci. Zool.) 235.

GERSTAECKER, A. 1873. Gliederthiere (Insecten, Arachniden, Myriapoden und Isopoden).

Isopoda. In: Baron Carl Claus von der Decken’s Reisen in Ost-Africa in den Jahren

1859-1865. 3(2): 525-528. Leipzig und Heidelberg.

HEROLD, W. 1931. Land-Isopoden von den Sunda-Inseln. Ausbeuten der Deutschen Limnologi-

schen Expedition und der Sunda-Expedition Rensch. Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 9: 306-393.

LAWRENCE, R. F. 1977. Woodlice (Crustacea, Isopoda terrestria) recorded by the late K. H.

Barnard from Kruger National Park and its neighbourhood. Koedoe 20: 175-177.

Lemos DE Castro, A. 1958a. Benthanoscia longicaudata, a new genus and species of terrestrial

isopod of the family Oniscidae (Isopoda, Oniscoidea). Am. Mus. Novit. 1884: 1-7.

LEMos DE Castro, A. 19585. Reviséo do género Benthana Budde-Lund, 1908 (Isopoda,

Oniscidae). Archos Mus. nac., Rio de J. 46: 85-118.

SCHMOELZER, K. 1974. Landisopoden aus Zentral- und Ostafrika (Isopoda, Oniscoidea). Sber.

Akad. Wiss. Wien (Math.-nat. Kl., Abt. 1) 182: 147-200.

ScopoLi, G. A. 1763. Entomologia Carniolica exhibens Insecta Carnioliae indigena et distributa

in Ordines, Genera, species, varietates. Methodo Linnaeana. Vindobonae.

STEBBING, T. R. R. 1910. General Catalogue of South African Crustacea. Ann. S. Afr. Mus.

6: 437-447.

STEBBING, T. R. R. 1922. Isopoda and Amphipoda from Angola and South Africa. Géteborgs

K. Vetensk.-o. VitterhSamh. Handl. (4) 25(2): 1-16.

TaiT1, S. & FERRARA, F. 1980. The family Philosciidae (Crustacea Oniscoidea) in Africa, south

of the Sahara. Monitore zool. ital. (n.s.) Suppl. 13: 53-98.

VANDEL, A. 1973a. Les Isopodes terrestres de |’Australie. Etude systématique et biogéogra-

phique. Mém. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris (n.s.) (Sér. A, Zool.) 82: 1-171.

VANDEL, A. 1973b. Les Isopodes terrestres (Oniscoidea) de la Mélanésie. Zool. Verh.

125: 1-160.

VERHOEFF, K. W. 1942. Athiopische Isopoda terrestria des Hamburger Zoologischen Museums.

84. Isopoden-Aufsatz. Zool. Anz. 140: 1-26 (Teil 1), 61-87 (Teil 2), 149-163 (Teil 3,

Schluss).

———

—

7 x

i =

<4 2

be .

= te, a

, ;

3 : t

6. SYSTEMATIC papers must conform to the International code of zoological nomenclature

(particularly Articles 22 and 51).

Names of new taxa, combinations, synonyms, etc., when used for the first time, must be

followed by the appropriate Latin (not English) abbreviation, e.g. gen. nov., sp. nov., comb.

nov., syn. nov., etc.

An author’s name when cited must follow the name of the taxon without intervening

punctuation and not be abbreviated; if the year is added, a comma must separate author’s

name and year. The author’s name (and date, if cited) must be placed in parentheses if a

species or subspecies is transferred from its original genus. The name of a subsequent user of

a scientific name must be separated from the scientific name by a colon.

Synonymy arrangement should be according to chronology of names, i.e. all published

scientific names by which the species previously has been designated are listed in chronological

order, with all references to that name following in chronological order, e.g.:

Family Nuculanidae

Nuculana (Lembulus) bicuspidata (Gould, 1845)

Figs 14-15SA

Nucula (Leda) bicuspidata Gould, 1845: 37.

Leda plicifera A. Adams, 1856: SO.

Laeda bicuspidata Hanley, 1859: 118, pl. 228 (fig. 73). Sowerby, 1871: pl. 2 (fig. 8a—b).

Nucula largillierti Philippi, 1861: 87.

Leda bicuspidata: Nicklés, 1950: 163, fig. 301; 1955: 110. Barnard, 1964: 234, figs 8-9.

Note punctuation in the above example:

comma separates author’s name and year

“semicolon separates more than one reference by the same author

full stop separates references by different authors

figures of plates are enclosed in parentheses to distinguish them from text-figures

dash, not comma, separates consecutive numbers

Synonymy arrangement according to chronology of bibliographic references, whereby

the year is placed in front of each entry, and the synonym repeated in full for each entry, is

not acceptable.

In describing new species, one specimen must be designated as the holotype; other speci-

mens mentioned in the original description are to be designated paratypes; additional material

not regarded as paratypes should be listed separately. The complete data (registration number,

depository, description of specimen, locality, collector, date) of the holotype and paratypes

must be recorded, e.g.:

Holotype

SAM-—A13535 in the South African Museum, Cape Town. Adult female from mid- tide region, King’s Beach

Port Elizabeth (33°51’S 25°39’E), collected by A. ‘Smith, 15 January 1973.

Note standard form of writing South African Museum registration numbers and date.

7. SPECIAL HOUSE RULES

Capital initial letters

(a) The Figures, Maps and Tables of the paper when referred to in the text

e.g. *... the Figure depicting C. namacolus ...’; *. . . in C. namacolus (Fig. 10)...

_ (b) The prefixes of prefixed surnames in all languages, when used in the text, if not preceded

by initials or full names

e.g. Du Toit but A.L.du Toit; Von Huene but F. von Huene

e.g. Therocephalia, but therocephalian

Punctuation should be loose, omitting all not strictly necessary

Reference to the author should be expressed in the third person

Roman numerals should be converted to arabic, except when forming part of the title of a

book or article, such as

“Revision of the Crustacea. Part VIII. The Amphipoda.’

Specific name must not stand alone, but be preceded by the generic name or its abbreviation

to initial capital letter, provided the same generic name is used consecutively.

Name of new genus or species is not to be included in the title: it should be included in the

abstract, counter to Recommendation 23 of the Code, to meet the requirements of

Biological Abstracts.

STEFANO TAITI

FRANCO FERRARA

~ REVISION OF THE FAMILY PHILOSCIIDAE

(CRUSTACEA, ISOPODA, ONISCOIDEA)

FROM SOUTH AFRICA

90 PART 2. AUGUST 1982 ISSN 0303-2515

OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN

— ee

CAPE TOWN

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

1. MATERIAL should be original and not published elsewhere, in whole or in part.

2. LAYOUT should be as follows:

(a) Centred masthead to consist of

Title: informative but concise, without abbreviations and not including the names of new genera or species

Author’s(s’) name(s)

Address(es) of author(s) (institution where work was carried out)

Number of illustrations (figures, enumerated maps and tables, in this order)

(b) Abstract of not more than 200 words, intelligible to the reader without reference to the text

(d) Introduction :

(e) Subject-matter of the paper, divided into sections to correspond with those given in table of contents

(f) Summary, if paper is lengthy

(g) Acknowledgements

(h) References

(Gi) Abbreviations, where these are numerous