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‘ +s - + heed

THE UNIVERSITY

OF ILLINOIS

LIBRARY

ACES LIBRARY

Return this book on or before the

Latest Date stamped below. A

charge is made on all overdue

books. U. of I. Library

MAY ¢ = 1942

JUN 23 |

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PEE

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

_ DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF

CONCHOLOGISTS

VOL. XXII.

MAY, 1907, to APRIL, 1908.

EDITORS AND PUBLISHERS:

H, A. PILSBRY, Curator of the Department of Mollusca, Academy of Natural Sciences,

PHILADELPHIA.

C. W. JoHNnsoN, Curator of the Boston Society, of Natural History,

BOSTON.

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A

INDEX

TO

THE NAUTILUS, VOL. XXII.

INDEX TO SUBJECTS, GENERA AND SPECIES.

Acmea alveus Conrad ! ; : , nate ae

Acmea testudinalis Mull, . / : Brera

Acmeza, New England species of, (Pl. Eye’: : 1, 24

Acuminia Dall, n. subgen. of Terebra . . : . 124, 125

Adelopoma stolli Martens . ; : : ; 2448

Alabama, Eocene fossils from : : ; A ere

Alaska, U. 8. Coast Survey Expedition in the year 1867 . 29

Ampullaria, the origin of the lung ; see a

Ancey collection of shells . : : 2 : ,

Anculose, On certain immature . : : : : LO

Anculosa praerosa Say (Pl. X, figs. 1-6) . : ae a |

Anculosa subglobosa Say (Pl. X, figs. 9-11) 4 . 114

Anculosa tintinnabulum Lea. (Pl. X, figs. 7-8) . ; . 115

Ancylide, New species of (BL IX), : . 126, 136

Ancylus hemisphericus Walker, n. sp. (Pl. IX, figs. 14-16). 140

Ancylus hendersoni Walker, n. sp. (Pl. IX, figs. 8-10) . 138

Ancylus hinkleyi Walker, n. sp. CPF, PX fies? 11-13)‘ . 139

Ancylus novanglie Walker, n. sp. (Pl. IX, figs. 5-7) . . 138

Anodon moretonianus Sowb. : : J ioe

Ashmunella:rhyssa hyporhyssa Ckll. . ; <a

Australian Unionidae, Notes on . : : : ; . 118

(iii )

Ws)

(a2430

lV THE NAUTILUS.

Bela grippi Dall, n. sp.

California, MeHUBaAn fauna of Munters Bay 17,

; 387

34, 39, 51

Molluscan faunaof the San Bernardino Mountains 121

Mollusca found in the vicinity of La Jolla

CP At)

Cancellaria obtusa Desh.

Cape Cod notes .

Cecilioides jod Pils., n. sp.

Cephalopods, heaoae the

Cerithiopsis regularoides Aldrich, n. sp. (PI. HE as 1)

Cerithium stantoni Dall n. sp.

Cochliopa riograndensis Pils. & étriss

Celostele in Mexico ,

Colorado, A new zonitoid shell feos fie Auikeane Wieisdade

Giachological Society, Proposals for .

Cyclas similis Say

Cymatium corrugatum var. goss Dall, n. var.

Cyprza coxeni Cox, Note on

Cytherea jotueiialts of Carpenter’s Mannie (lebstags ts

Davis, Charles Abbott (obituary)

Dayton, Charles Austin iit rate

Decladen angasii Lea.

Diplodon bednalli Tate

Drymeus multilineatus Say

Duplicaria Dall, n. gen.

Kuglandina texasiana Pfr. .

Euglandina truncata Gmel.

Eocene fossils from Alabama

Fissurella unilineata Aldrich, n. sp. (PI. i, fig. 10)

Florida, A list of the land shells of Lee County ;

Florida Keys, A new Cerithium from the

Fluminicola minutissima Pils., n. sp. (Pl. IX, fig. 4) .

Gundlachia stimpsoniana Smith (P1. IV)

Hastula

Heilprin, Angelo (obipuairy)

Helicodiscus lineatus, Eyes of

Helix hortensis .

Holospira hinkleyi Pils. es ap. (PI. III, 1 8. 34) .

Hygromia hispida in Miline

. 55, 65, 92, 106

_ 105

14

28

23

9

22

19

11

89

94

33

85

36

29

. 131

. 98

_ 118

Ral

124, 125

11

60

73

6,91, 130

psa

. 109

THE NAUTILUS. ve

Ilyanassa obsoleta in San Francisco Bay . : Pie

Lampsilis fimbriata Frierson, n. sp. . , ‘ 86

Littorina nebulosa Lam. var. columellaris Orb, ' : bee 3

Lymnea jacksonensis Baker, n. sp. . : ; Nie

Lymnea pseudopinguis Baker, n. sp. . . : ’ . o4

Maine, Shells of the Lake region of . t : . 106

Mollusks of North Haven : : ‘ ; . 142

Pulmonates of the Manticus Is. : De

Marginella apicina Menke, Sinistral . : Gite

Mathilda elongatoides iAlatich, hie ap, CPL I, fig: 6) Hs i

Mathilda leona Aldrich, n. sp. (PI. I, figs. 4,5) . : Aneta 4

Mathilda singularis Aldrich, n. sp. (PL I, fig: t¥) : ee.

Matinicus Islands, Maine pulmonates of the : : Senn,

Mexican shells, Description of New . : . 25, 36, 38, 86

Mexico, Shell-collecting in Northeastern. 21) 685/76

Micrarionta desertorum Pils. and Ferr., n. sp. (PI. IX, figs.

6-10 : : ‘ 3 . 134

Milax gagates in alocaio. : hed

Murex carpenteri var. alba Berry, n. var. . : . 105

Neoplanorbis carinatus Walker, n. sp. (Pl. IX, fies ETA TS) O12

Neoplanorbis smithii Walker, n. sp. (Pl. IX, figs.1,2) . 126

Neoplanorbis tantillus Pils. ‘ : AG, 29

Neoplanorbis umbilicatus Walker, n. ab (PI. IX, figs, 3,4). 126

New York, A collecting trip at Northport . : : eas fe)

North Carolina, A new Polygyra from ‘ i ‘ pany

Oysters are wild animals. ; : 5 ‘ 1 AT

Pachycheilus vallesensis Hinkley, n. sp. (Pl. V, figs. 1-10). 25

Paludestrina tampicoensis Pilsbry & Hinkley n. sp. (PI.

V, fig. 13) : : , : : } See}:

Maphia staminea Conr. : ‘ : . 141

Pelseneer’s treatise on Moituaia' : : 80

Pennsylvania, Notes on the conchology of Baguie Manor - 67

Perirhoé Dall, nov. section of Terebra ; ‘ 4b S4 125

Planorbis magnificus Pils. . ; : : : . 90

Planorbis multivolvis Case (PI. VIII). : : 7 62

Polygyra aulacomphala Pils. & aha | TAA Balad 0 3d) Pane i

fig. 12). ; : : : .> 38

Polygyra Hupesoucsis Shuttlw. : ; Oe |

Polygyra martensiana Pils. n. sp. (Pl. XI, ape. ie 3) . 26, 133_

vi THE NAUTILUS.

Polygyra multilineata chadwicki Ferriss, n, var. f . TEST

Polygyra polita Pilsbry & Hinkley n. sp. (Pl. V, fig. 11) . 38

Polygyra soelneri Henderson, n. sp. (Pl. III, figs. 1,2) ° 138

Pomatiopsis robusta Walker, n. sp. . 97

Publications received . : : 23, 36, 48, 72, 119, 132

Pyrgulopsis wabashensis Hinkley n. sp... : et |

Rissoa grippiana Dall, n. sp. : . 136

Rhode Island, Additions to the shell- cess saplings . AT

Rous, Siomsk (obituary) . ; 9 7eese

Say’s early writings and species, - ee notes on ; atid

Scala dolosa Aldrich, n. sp. (PI. I, fig. 13) . ee, |

Scala vetusta Aldrich, n. sp. (Pl. L fie? 9) X ; Fae |)

Spineoterebra Sacco . : : . 125

Spiraxis tampicoensis Pils. (PI. II, fig. Be Rt yi ff

Stearns, Frederick (obituary) . : : : ; . 83

Piceies ovalis Say . k . 82

Terebratulina HaHa ues igen, n. te (P I Caos. 1, 2,3)>)°8

Terebridze, Subdivisions of the . : : ; . 124

Tresus nuttalli Conr. . : : . 141

Triplostephanus Dall, nov. pecten of iaeenen ) . 124, 125

Triton gibbosus Brod. in California. : ; . 106

Tritogonia tuberculata with ova . , ; ; . 48

Trivia pilula Kiener, Note on ! oe

Turbonilla anita dee niep (Phd: a 2) : irae

Turbonilla castanea Dall & Bartsch, peace et castanella

Dall, n. n., : : : . 131

Pahohills ee Alamo Nn. Sp. (PI. I te Sts : Si ate

Unio angasii Lea : ‘ LES

Unio bednalli Tate ! : ; -( 218

Unio crassus Say , ; : ae)

Unio gigas (Swains.) Sby. (. (oer Leas } ‘ . 49

Unio ochraceus . , : : ‘ vies

Unio plicatus Say : : t : 5 . 388

Unio plicatulus Lea. . J : ; : A soe

Unio popei Lea. . > : ; ; : ; A

Unios, The gravid periods of : ! : ; aOR & |

Unionide, Notes on Australian , ; ; y his

Unionide, Notes on exotic (Pl. VI) . " Pe 3

Vendryes, Henry (obituary) f : i ‘ : , LOT

THE NAUTILUS. vii

Vertigo occidentalis Sterki, n. sp. (Pl. XI, fig. 5) . 90, 133

Vitrea alliaria : : : ‘ ; ’ y ROL

Vitrea cellaria in Colorado . 4 : ge i

Vitrea cellaria var. margaritacea Schmidt . : ; CR 3)

Vitrea dalliana Simpson (figured) ! ‘ : : . 129

Vitrea fagalis Cockerell, n. sp. (miocene) . hee

Vitrea lewisiana Clapp, n. sp. (figured) . : . 129

Vitrea lucida in a lesado: : : ‘ . 131

Yemassee, South Carolina, aed and feoake water shells of. 1

iB aitnides elegantula Pfr. . 3 , a is

Zonitoides pentagyra Pils., n. sp. (PI. ELT. ae 6 8). . 28

INDEX TO AUTHORS.

Aldrich, T. H.

Baily, Jr., Joshua L.

Baker, Frank Collins

Berry, 9.5. >

Brooks, W. K.

Button, Fred L.

Carpenter, H. T.

Clapp, Geo. H.

Cockerell, T. D. A.

Conner, Charles H.

Dall, W. H.

Ferriss, Jas. H.

Frierson, L. 8.

Gratacap, L. P.

Henderson, John B.

Hinkley, Anson A.

Jackson, Jr., Henry

Johnson, C. W.

Lermond, N. W.

Morse, Edward 8.

Norton, Arthur H.,

Pilsbry, Henry A.

Rous, Sloman

Smith, Maxwell

Stearns, R. E. C.

Sterki, V.

Vanatta, E. G.

Walker, Bryant

Weeks, Jr... Wm. H

Wheat, Silas C.

Winkley, Henry W.

Pe

67,92

: . og

17, 34, 39, 51, 105, 121

11

36, 59

ey ha

91, 129

89, 106, 131

; . 87

22, 85, ‘90, 91, 101, 124, 131, 136

37, 134

49, 86, 118

, . 84

; 1, 13;107

25, 38, 68, 76, 117

1, 24, 142

106, 119, 120, 130

. 106

73

5

é "26, 38, 15, 132, 133, 134

. 105

55, 65, 106

23, 29, 141

. 31, 48, 80, 90

99

; a 61, 97, 110, 126, 138

98

’ 93

veh Bolen . : Pry

( vill )

THE NAUTILUS.

Vou. XXI. MAY, 1907. No. t:

THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE TWO NEW ENGLAND SPECIES OF

ACMAEA.

-—

BY HENRY JACKSON, JR.

During the summer of 1906, at North Haven, Penobscot Bay,

Maine, I collected about fifteen specimens of Acmaea testudinalis

(Miller) and thirty Acmaea alveus (Conrad), alveus being by far the

more common. I put A. alveus here as a species rather than a var-

iety of A. testudinalis, in accordance with one of the latest lists of

New England mollusks which gives Conrad’s species alveus specific

rank. From this material I procured the radulas with the intention

of studying the differences between the species testudinalis and alveus,

The shell in testudinalis is a roundish and as a rule regular shell,

there not being so much variation in formas in alveus. The shell

' of alveus is a narrower, laterally more compressed shell than that of

testudinalis, and is found on eel grass, wharf piles and occasionally

on rocks, but at North Haven it is most commonly found on eel grass

which grows in great profusion, much to the disadvantage of boats

and boatmen, all along the muddy shores. A. testudinals is com-

monly found on flat stones between tide marks. The coloring of tes-

tudinalis, as far as observed at North Haven, has much less variation

than that of the form alveus, which runs from nearly white to dark,

‘blackish-brown, with many intermediate shades. This narrow, com-

pressed form of alveus, it would seem, might have been caused by

its being on eel grass which has narrow leaves and might cause a

shell to be narrow by the lack of space to grow on. But Mr. Blaney

has found alveus at Iron Bound Island, Frenchman’s Bay, Maine,

2 THE NAUTILUS.

on the under side of stones on a coarse, pebbly beach, and here it

still retained its characteristic, long, narrow form. See Proceedings

of Boston Society of National History, Vol. 32, No. 2, Nov., 1904.

All the illustrations here are of the same magnification. In the

fifteen specimens of Acmaea testudinalis collected and studied the

radulas were all the same with no observed variation, see Pl. II,

Fig. 1. All had two central (C C), two lateral (L L), and two

outermost teeth (U U), while among the thirty A. alveus were several

abnormal radulas, in all of which abnormal cases there were three

teeth in the center, Pl. II, Fig. 4, instead of two, Pl. II, Fig. 2,

which is the normal number for alveus. The additional or third

tooth (A), see Pl. II, Fig. 4, is on the left side and is a narrower

tooth than the other two (C C). These abnormal radulas came

from three very different individuals: one from a large, blackish,

distorted shell, an adult, and one from a small, regular, white

specimen of the nepionic age, and so on, all being different. There

are several differences between the radulas of testudinalis and of

alveus, and these differences were constant throughout the speci-

mens examined.

Fie. 5. > i ee

Fig. 5 (in text). Aemaea testudinalis (Miill). Normal adult rad-

ula. Developing teeth of the posterior portion of the same radula as

Fig. 1. Lettering the same.

Fig. 6 (in text). Portion of anterior part of radula of Acmaea tes-

tudinalis, showing small bases (B), proximal portion of cusp (P C),

THE NAUTILUS. 3

where the rest has been broken off, and plates (P) on lingual mem-

brane (L M). U, outermost; L, lateral; C, central teeth. R,

turned over part of plate. B, base.

There is a distinct dip in the proximal portion of the cusp of testu-

dinalis in the laterals : this does not appear in alveus. In testudinalis

the bases project from the proximal portion of the cusp at an obtuse

angle, while in alveus the proximal portion of the cusp is the same

size as the adjoining portion of the base. In testudinalis, Pl. II,

Fig. 1, the apex of the cusp is just inside of the letter (L), from

here it slopes down to the base; while in Pl. II, Fig. 2, alveus, the

apex of the cusp runs the whole length of the foremost line border-

ing the shaded portion. In testudinalis the lateral teeth form a

letter v, while in alveus they form an inverted v, thus a. In alveus

the laterals are less underneath the centrals than in testudinalis.

The teeth of testudinalis are sharply rounded at the apex of the cusp,

while those of alveus are nearly square, Pl. II, Fig. 2, and the

younger, undeveloped teeth of the radula of an adult shell of alveus

are perhaps the squarest of all, Pl. II, Fig. 4. This figure is of the

developing teeth of the posterior portion of the same radula as PI. II,

Fig. 2. That is that portion hidden within the throat which will

later come forward to take the place of worn-out teeth. I thought

of the various causes of these differences, but it could not be in-

dividual variation, because the differences were constant throughout

the forty-five specimens examined. It could not be because the

teeth were worn square, as the squarest of them in alveus are in the

early, developing part of the radula and before they had been used

at all, see Pl. II, Fig. 3. There were five less important differences

between the radulas of testudinalis and of alveus, these are: First the

outermost tooth (U) is, in alveus, larger in proportion to the lateral

tooth (L) than the outermost tooth of testudinalis is to its lateral

tooth (L). In both species this little outside tooth (U) is nearly at

right angles to the next tooth and the cusp of U faces in center of

the lingual membrane (L), also it is very close to it, and at first

glance appears to be the same tooth, only being a cusp of the larger

denticle, but when viewed in a sideways, sectional view it is seen to

be distinct. In the species testudinalis the tooth (U) cannot take

much part in cutting food as it so much underlies the larger tooth (L),

but in alveus, where it is more outstretched, it may do a good deal

of work. Secondly, in A. testudinalis the cusps and bases alternate

4 THE NAUTILUS.

large and small, see Pl. II, Fig. 1, that is, the base of the centrals

(C C) being large and the cusps small ; whereas in the laterals (L L)

the bases are very small and the cusps large. The teeth in both

species are set on separate plates, two on each plate. These plates

are arranged in two rows, one down each side of the lingual mem-

brane. The divisions between these separate plates are not distinct

in the developing portion of the radula, but the plates seem to

wrinkle with age, and in the center of the radula an elongated oval

space is seen between the two. ‘The first two or three rows of teeth

in A. testudinalis are slightly blunter than those behind, but by no

means so blunt as in A. alveus. What I mean by first teeth are those

teeth in the anterior portion of the radula, these teeth are replaced by

new ones which come forward from the developing portion.

Fig. 6, drawn by the author, showing plates and proximal portion

of cusps in A. testudinalis where the rest is broken of.

Again the cusps of the teeth of testudinalis are very much more

slanting backward or posteriorly than those of alveus, especially the

laterals (LL). Lastly, the cusps of testudinalis are minutely granu-

lated, while those of alveus are indistinctly striated. This was seen

in some cusps broken off their bases, placed on a separate slide and

viewed with a one-sixth inch objective.

In summing this matter up, one might say without much doubt

that these two shells were distinct species. Also one may say that

both radulas are exceedingly strange. They have no central tooth

speaking strictly, as, with the exception of the abnormal radula of

A. alveus, all radulas had an even number of teeth. Their deep

chestnut color is another curious feature. Also they are very hard

radulas to draw as they are raised more than most teeth and the

angles and focuses are hard to get.

My thanks are due to Mr. R. T. Jackson, of Cambridge, and to

Mr. J. A. Cushman, of the Boston Society of Natural History, for

drawings of the radula.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE AND FIGURES.

Fig. 1. Acmaea testudinalis (Mill). Normal adult radula. L,

lateral; C, central; U, outermost teeth. The cusps are shaded.

Fig. 2. Aemaea alveus (Conrad). Normal radula. Lettering the

same as before. The outermost teeth (U) are so close to the laterals

(1) that in this view they seem to be joined.

THE NAUTILUS. 5

Fig. 3. Acmaea alveus (Conrad). Normal radula. Developing

teeth of the posterior portion of the same radula as Fig. 2. These

teeth have little or no coloring. Lettering the same.

Fig. 4. Acmaea alveus (Conrad). Abnormal radula. UL, lateral ;

C, central; U, outermost; A, additional teeth.

PULMONATES OF THE MATINICUS ISLANDS, MAINE.

ARTHUR H. NORTON.

The Matinicus Islands form a group of off-shore islands outside of

Penobscot Bay. ‘They constitute the most isolated land mass of any

size in the state, their nearest point: of approach to the mainland

being thirteen nautical miles. In the group there are eight islands,

seven dry and numerous half-tide and sunken ledges. The total

acreage I have roughly estimated at about fifteen hundred acres.

Matinicus is the largest of the group, containing about eight hun-

dred acres. It is quite well wooded and diversified in topographical —

features. Exploration of this island would doubtless increase the

following list materially.

Seal Island lies six miles east of Matinicus harbor, and Matinicus

Rock five miles south of the harbor, both forming isolated points of

great exposure and long separation.

Several plants are found in abundance on these two points which

are nowhere else abundant on this coast west of Petit-Menan point.

Both are destitute of trees, As would be expected from their long

isolation and great exposure, they are completely ‘‘ rock bound,” in

fact, enormous ledges, with their valleys and seams filled with soil,

which is partly coarse gravel, deeply overlaid with decayed vegeta-

tion, and everywhere strewn with fragments of rock, rent by frost

and the action of time, or hurled by the fury of unusually severe

storms.

The southwestern exposures of both are bluffs dropping immediately

into water of considerable depth. At the rock, the history of which

has been made known through the medium of the light-house estab-

lishment, the surges generated by gales from the southeast not in-

frequently break over the island notwithstanding the fact that it is

about fifty feet above mean high-water mark.

6 THE NAUTILUS.

The character of the soil, and the copious moisture from dews and

fogs are conducive to very rank growth of several species of maritime

plants, affording suitable conditions for the mollusca enumerated.

During my visits to the islands, shell collecting has been entirely

secondary. Yet the isolation of the islands lends so much interest

to the collection that the following records do not seem entirely

superfluous, especially as a thorough investigation is not practicable

at present:

Helix hortensis Muller. In June, 1896, I found this species in

great abundance on Seal Island. They inhabit the rank vegetation

toward the western end. The yellow, unbanded phase predominated,

only three or four banded ones being found. Some young speci-

mens having but two and a half whorls were also found on the occa-

sion of this visit. I have not found it on any other island of the

group. It was recorded by Mr. C. W. Johnson from Seal Island in

Tue Navtitvus for November, 1906, page 77.

Vallonia costata Mull. Rather abundant on Seal Island in 1896

among rank herbage and driftwood. .

Pupilla muscorum Linn. Four specimens were found with the

last-named species. They are but 3 millimeters long, half a milli-

meter shorter than specimens taken on the adjacent mainland. One

is a rich brownish, the others opaque white, all edentulous.

Cochlicopa lubrica Mull. One specimen was found under a log,

stranded high on Matinicus Rock, August, 1905.

Vitrina limpida Gould. Found rather plentiful among stranded

chips and rank vegetation on Matinicus Rock, July, 1903.

Zonitoides arborea Say. Matinicus Rock. Three specimens

under logs, stranded high above normal tide mark, August, 1905.

Agriolimax agrestis Linn. Several specimens were found under

logs’and stones or hidden by rank vegetation on Matinicus Rock,

August, 1905.

Pyramidula alternata Say. A single dead and broken shell was

found at the northern part of Matinicus Island, August, 1905.

Pyramidula striatella Anth. Common with the other small species

on Seal Island, June, 1896. |

Succinea obliqua totteniana Lea. One found on Matinicus Rock,

July, 1903.

Succinea avara Say. ‘Two obtained at Seal Island, June, 1896,

and one very small one at Matinicus Rock, July, 1903.

THE NAUTILUS XXI PLATE I.

a

vile

ALDRICH: NEW EOCENE FOSSILS.

THE NAUTILUS XXI. PLATE II.

JACKSON: RADULZ OF ACMAEA.

THE NAUTILUS. 7

A LIST OF LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF YEMASSEE, SOUTH

CAROLINA.

BY JOHN B. HENDERSON.

In the early part of March last I spent a week upon a plantation

near Yemassee, Beaufort Co., South Carolina, the greater part of my

time being spent in snail hunting. Beaufort is a low-lying county

within the Atlantic coastal plain. Its features are of three distinct

sorts: a sandy, dry-pine area, the ‘“‘knoils”’ of live oak with rather

dense deciduous vegetation, and the swamp lands. ‘The swamps are

extensive, often containing forests of cypress and rank growths of

aquatic vegetation. In places these swamps are drained and con- |

verted into rice fields, the latter furnishing excellent stations for

fresh-water mollusca. The pine lands harbor a scant mollusean

fauna. The great majority of land shells are to be found only in and

about the edges of the deciduous forests. In the depths of the

swamps I found almost nothing, the fresh-water species seeming to

prefer more open and smaller bodies of water—particularly the little

ditches which drain the rice fields.

The prevailing Polygyra is hopetonensis, a typical costal plain

species, as it ranges along the Atlantic border from Norfolk to St.

Augustine. It obviously belongs to the fallaz-tridentata series and

I think is a descendant of the former, which, having migrated into the

lowlands of the coast, has been modified by its new environment.

The species has become well enough marked to separate it readily

from the upland fallax. It admits, however, of several local races

which may some day be christened with varietal names. The ex-

treme forms are hopetonensis obsoleta Pils. of Newbern and Wilming-

ton, N. Car., a large form entirely without teeth upon the outer lip,

and a Yemassee race which is very small and with strongly devel-

oped denticles. .

I was surprised to find Euglandina truncata an abundant species

so far north. The Yemassee specimens are large, stout fellows of

very brilliant pink, rather darker than typical Florida specimens.

The following is a complete list of my catch, though it cannot be

faunally complete. The entire absence of Amnicolids, Unionide,

Viviparide and of Ancylus is rather striking. I owe many thanks

to Dr. Pilsbry for his critical identification of my shells:

Polygyra thyrotdes Say.

Polygyra hopetonensis Strebel.

8 THE NAUTILUS.

Polygyra postelliana Bland.

Polygyra pustuloides Bland.

Huglandina truncata Gmel.

Circinaria concava Say.

Gastrodonta cerinoidea Anth.

Zonitoides arborea Say.

Zonitoides minuscula Binn.

Vitrea indentata Say.

Helicodiscus parallelus Say.

Euconulus chersinus Say.

Bifidaria contracta Say.

Bifidaria procera Gld.

Succinea campestris unicolor Tryon.

Suecinea aurea Lea.

Planorbis parvus Say.

Planorbis tumidus Pfr.

Physa cubensis Pfr.

Physa heterostropha Say.

Lymnaea columella Say.

Sphaerium partumetum Say.

Pisidium sp.

SOME NEW EOCENE FOSSILS FROM ALABAMA.

BY T. H. ALDRICH.

The shells described below are all in the cabinet of the writer, and

are believed to be new. They are mostly small species or else very

rare, and represented by very few or single specimens.

TEREBRATULINA BRUNDIDGENSIS n. sp. PI. I, figs. 1, 2, 3.

Shell medium, narrower than high, radial threads very strong in

the young shell becoming finer in the older, and in the oldest forms

appearing as very fine lines only. A central, raised rib doubled shows

on the ventral valve, replaced with a depression between two ribs on

dorsal valve; foramen oblong. Longest diameter 14 mm., width

11 mm. Smallest form figured is 94 mm. and 7 mm.

Locality : Eocene of Brundidge, Ala.

Remarks: This species occurs ina stratum of white limestone

which was exposed in a large well close to the R. R. station. This

well was dug for water for a supply for the engines, but when the

THE NAUTILUS. 9

limestone stratum was dug into it failed as a water tank. Associated

with the species is Terebratula wilmingtonensis L. & S., Ostrea vomer

Morton and several other species which occur in the white limestone

or Jackson horizons. The area surrounding the well is typical Nana-

falia lignitic deposits. So far no other outcrop of this limestone has

been observed in the vicinity, but careful search is yet to be made.

This discovery was called to my attention by Dr. E. A. Smith,

State Geologist of Alabama, who sent me a number of specimens.

We subsequently visited the well together and went over the locality

south of the town, failing to find an outcrop. Dr. Smith thinks his

discovery is an ‘‘overlap” of the white limestone or Vicksburg,

somewhat as in certain Georgia localities. All the different forms

of Terebratula wilmingtonensis mentioned and figured by Prof. Dall

in Vol. 3 of Wagner Free Inst. of Science, p. 1537, pl. 58, figures

14-20, are found here.

TURBONILLA (STRIOTURBONILLA) HARRISI n. sp. PI. 1, fig. 8.

Shell as figured, small, with approximately parallel sides. Whorls

eight, the two apical ones smooth ; spire obtuse; whorls longitudin-

ally striated with numerous impressed lines; base of shell smooth ;

aperture ovate, pillar lip bearing one fold. Length 3 mm.

Locality : Wood’s Bluff, Ala.

Remarks: This species is doubtless the same one mentioned by

Prof. G. D. Harris in Bulletins of American Paleontology, No. 11,

p. 96, pl. 12, fig. 10,1899, as Turbonilla sp.(?), but he evidently had

an immature shell. Named in honor of Prof. Harris.

TURBONILLA (CINGULINA) ANITA n. sp. Pl. 1, fig. 12.

Shell medium, spire obtuse, whorls nine, the two apical ones

smooth, balance with about six spiral impressed lines ; lines of growth

very fine and rather close set, aperture ovate. Pillar lip twisted and

slightly prolonged at base. Length 6 mm, breadth of body whorl

24 mm.

Locality : Wood’s Bluff, Ala., and same horizon 6 miles east of

Thomasville, Ala.

CERITHIOPSIS REGULAROIDES n. ap. PI. 1, fig. 7.

Shell small, fragment from which this description is made with

seven whorls ; these have two raised spirals, which form nodules at

the intersection with the longitudinal lines. The spirals are placed

one above and the other below the centre of each whorl; longitu-

dinals coarse and prominent; a smooth raised spiral encircles each

10 THE NAUTILUS.

whorl below the suture. The base appears to be smooth, canal

twisted. Length of fragment 74 mm., breadth of basal whorl 24 mm.

Locality : Wood’s Bluff horizon six miles east of Thomasville, Ala.

Remarks: This species has a general resemblance to Cerithiopsis.

fluviatilis Ald., but differs in the position of the raised spirals.

MaArHILDA ELONGATOIDES n. sp. PI. 1, fig. 6.

Shell small, exceedingly narrow and elongated, whorls about four-

teen, well rounded, carrying three nearly equidistant strong spirals

on the main part of each whorl and also a slight one just below the

suture. The longitudinals between the spirals are numerous and

close set, and rather fine. Body-whorl at base shows several spirals

in addition to those above mentioned. Aperture nearly circular.

Apical whorls reversed. Length 6 mm., breadth of body-whorl 1 mm.

Locality : Wood’s Bluff, Ala.

MATHILDA SINGULARIS n. sp. PI. 1, fig. 11.

Shell small, whorls profusely ornamented ; number of whorls five,

besides the embryonic apex ; apical whorls twisted and pointed hori-

zontally or at right angles to the axis of the shell. The main whorls

are angulated by a very strong peripheral line with a smaller one

above, and from one to two still finer ones between. Body-whorl

shows several (about four) fine spirals below the central one, extreme

base nearly flat. Aperture ovate; pillar lip reflected, and slightly

prolonged into a canal.

Locality : Wood’s Bluff, Ala.

MatTuHILpa LEONA Aldrich. PI. 1, figs. 4, 5.

This species was described from the Wood’s Bluff horizon. The

present specimen is from the Matthew’s Landing beds, one mile west

of Oak Hill, Ala. The original description was drawn from a young

shell, and in this example the embryonic whorls are twisted to the

left and the spire projects horizontally. This specimen also shows

a small umbilicus.

ScALA VETUSTA n. sp. PI. 1, fig. 9.

Shell as figured, number of whorls unknown, but four showing in

type ; they are rapidly expanding and ornamented with about twenty

raised ribs; suture defined with a strong carina which makes a raised

and angulated boundary for the base; the ribs continue over this

line, and disappear into a deep and wide umbilicus. The spiral

lines do not show upon the base. The figure is natural size.

THE NAUTILUS. 11

Locality : Midway stage on McConnico plantation, Wilcox Co.,

Alabama.

Remarks: This specimen is quite imperfect, but the species is so

well marked that it deserves a name. It is probably the same form

mentioned by Prof. Harris in Bulletin of Am. Pal., No. 4, p. 232.

ScaLa DoLosa n. sp. Pl. 1, fig. 13.

Shell rather small, cancellated ; whorls eight, the first two smooth,

balance with spiral lines which are coarse near the middle of each

whorl, these lines give each whorl! an angulated profile. The spirals

are nodular in part at the intersections with the longitudinals. ‘The

figured specimen shows a varix; aperture nearly circular, outer lip

expanded and rounded, interior smooth. Umbilicus open, and

carrying a groove. Base of shell carrying numerous spirals, but no

nodes, the lines of growth being very fine. Length 7 mm., breadth

4 mm.

Locality: Near Grave Yard Hill, Wilcox Co., Ala. Midway Stage.

FIsSURELLA UNILINEATUS n. sp. PI. 1, fig. 10.

Shell small, rather thin, depressed conic, cancellated. The radial

lines are equal and regularly spaced, while the longitudinals are

bowed between the radials, giving to the surface a wavy appearance,

no nodules at the intersections, the lines crossing regularly. Hole

oval, with a complete oval callus inside. Longest diam. 13 mm.,

breadth about 7 mm., height 3 mm.

Locality : Wood’s Bluff, Ala.

NOTES.

ASHMUNELLA. On page 134 of the last number, the second line

from bottom should read ASHMUNELLA RHYSSA HYPORHYSSA CkIl.,

in place of ‘‘ Ashmunella rhyssa (Ckll.).” Owing to my absence in

Florida I had no opportunity to see the proofs of this article.

HH; AvP:

THE ORIGIN OF THE LUNG IN AMPULLARIA.

BY W. K. BROOKS.!

Through the courtesy of Dr. Alfred G. Mayer I was able to visit

and partially explore the Everglades of Florida in March, 1906.. As

we pushed our way through the tall reeds and grasses that cover the

1From the Report of the Department of Marine Biology, Tortugas, Florida,

Extracted from the Fifth Year-Book of the Carnegie Institution of Washington,

p. 109, 1907,

12 THE NAUTILUS.

shallow water of the Everglades, we found great numbers of small

eggs attached to the stems of the reeds and grasses above the surface

of the water but close to it.

The eggs were arranged in vertical rows, and were enclosed in

calcareous shells, resembling in these respects the eggs of terrestrial

pulmonate gasteropods.

We also found in the water in great abundance the prosobranchiate

gasteropod Ampullaria, and when some of the older eggs were opened

they were found to contain young specimens of this genus.

The Paludinidex, which are closly related to the Ampullaride, are

aquatic, viviparous, and breathe by gills, and their structure indicates

that they are true prosobranchs, descended from and closely related

to the marine prosobranchs. Ampullaria has gills, is partly aquatic,

and seems to be a true prosobranch, so far as its general structure is

in question, but as it has a lung, and is able to breathe air and live

out of the water, and as it also lays, in the air, eggs in calcareous

shells, like those of the terrestrial pulmonates, the question whether

it is primarily a pulmonate, with secondary resemblance to the pro-

sobranchs or primarily a prosobranch with secondary resemblance to

the pulmonates, suggests itself.

As the embryonic history of the breathing organs may be expected

to throw light upon this question, a quantity of the eggs were col-

lected and taken to the Marine Laboratory in the Dry Tortugas.

There the eggs were opened, the embryos removed and sketched, and

then hardened and preserved for embryological examination.

On my return to Baltimore I placed the material in the hands of

Mr. B. McGlone, who has studied the development of the respiratory

organs under my supervision, and has nearly completed his work,

which will soon be ready for publication. He has shown that the

lung of Ampullaria is a member of the series of gill-filaments, and

that it must be regarded as a modified gill, homologous with a cteni-

dium, or with more than one. It is therefore an organ which has

been secondarily acquired, and not derived from the lung of the ter-

restrial pulmonates.

Both lung and gills arise very early in the embryonic history of

Ampullaria, and at about the same time. Ina very young embryo, ~

soon after the mantle makes its appearance, a ridge or thickening of

the epithelium of the inner surface of the mantle indicates the region

from which the gill-filaments, the lung and the osphradium are to

arise. The osphradium is developed from one end of this ridge, the

gill-filaments from the other, and between the two the ridge becomes

infolded into the substance of the mantle to give rise to the lung,

which may be regarded as a modified and invaginated gill-filament.

The similarity between the lung of the pulmonates and that of

Ampullaria is therefore nothing more than a new illustration of a

resemblance between organs that have been acquired independently

under like physiological conditions.

THE NAUTILUS.

VoL. XXI. JUNE, 1907. No. 2.

A NEW POLYGYRA FROM NORTH CAROLINA (P. SOELNERI).

BY JOHN B. HENDERSON.

On a collecting trip to the coastal plain region of North Carolina

last autumn, with Mr. Soelner, of Washington, the following unde-

scribed Polygyra was found :

POLYGYRA SOELNERI n. sp. Plate III, figs. 1, 2.

Shell globosely depressed ; spire low conoid, periphery rounded ;

perforate, the opening half covered by columellar lip. Surface very

glossy, closely, deeply and evenly ribbed throughout except on first

14 whorls which are smooth. Whorls 54, regularly increasing, the

last falling abruptly and shortly in front, having a pale spot at the

deflection. Narrowly and deeply contracted behind the lip. Aper-

ture oblique and irregularly crescentic. Lip reflexed with a flange-

like internal thickening which is widest basally and terminates short

of the columellar end of the lip. A rather long curved white par-

ietal tooth stands upon a hardly-perceptible parietal film. Color

mahogany, with a glossy satin-like sheen; lip purplish outwardly,

the inner flange buff. Alt. 7, greater diam. 11, lesser diam. 9} mm.

Habitat among cypress logs in a swampy region on the north shore

of Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina.

This remarkably pretty little Polygyra, which is very distinct from

any other known species, might be included in the section Mesodon,

its nearest ally being P. christy’, from which, however, it differs in

being larger, less depressed and umbilicated. I take pleasure in

naming the species after Mr. Soelner, my enthusiastic companion in

the field when it was first found.

14 THE NAUTILUS.

NOTES ON GUNDLACHIA. I.

BY BRYANT WALKER.

The validity of the genus Gundlachia Pfr. is one of the disputed

points in systematic conchology.

The article by Hedley, reprinted with notes by Dr. Pilsbry in the

NavTivvs in 1895 (Vol. IX, p. 61), gives a very complete summary

of the data down to that date. The only omission in regard to the

North American forms that I have found, being the citation of G.

ancyliformis Pfr. from Palma Sola, Manatee Co., Fla., by Simpson

in 1888 (Con. Ex., II, p. 96).

So far as I have been able to ascertain, no additional data in re-

gard to our species have been published.

In the Navutizus for January, 1904, Dr. Dall called attention to

a very interesting account by Nordinskiold of a septa-forming An-

cylus from South America and expressed the opinion that the

so-called Gundlachiz are merely Ancyli, which under favorable con-

ditions are able to protect themselves from drought and cold by

forming an epiphragm and subsequently ‘* to secrete an enlarged and

somewhat discrepant shell.”’

The occurrence with typical Gundlachia of non-septate individ-

uals indistinguishable in shell characteristics from Ancylus has been

noted by several writers. Hedley, who believes the genus a valid

one by reason of anatomical differences, apparently inclines to the

view that ‘‘in unfavorable circumstances a septum is never formed.”

While Dr. Pilsbry (Naurt., IV, p. 48), speaking of this apparent co-

existence of two forms, remarks, that if correct, “‘ Gundlachia will

furnish the most extraordinary case of dimorphism known among

our American mollusks.” |

During the last few years I have had occasion to examine criti-

cally large numbers of our Eastern American Ancyli, and until

within the last year, with the exception of a small series collected by

Ferriss near Joliet (to be discussed later), I have discovered no ten-

dency whatever to septa-forming in any instance.

Recently, however, material from Ohio, Indiana, Alabama and

Mississippi has been received, which is of considerable interest as

bearing on the question, and the evidence thus afforded is herewith

submitted for consideration.

THE NAUTILUS. nD

The examination of this material leads necessarily to a study of

the described forms of North American G'undlachia, and the results

of this work may properly precede the consideration of the new ma-

terial referred to.

I

Gundlachia stimpsoniana Smith. Plate IV.

This species was described in 1870 (Ann. N. Y. Lyc. N. H., IX,

p- 399, fig. 6) from specimens collected in ponds at Greensport,

Long Island, N. Y.,and on Shelter Island. Only the “ primary ”’

stage was figured. It has not been found elsewhere, so far as I know.

Through the kindness of Mr. J. B. Henderson, Jr., I have been

able to examine the original lot of this species from the Smith col-

lection. It consists of 71 specimens from Greensport and 1 from

Shelter Island.

The Shelter Island example is a young shell that has completed

the septum and is similar to the one figured (figs. 10-12). The

Greensport set may be divided into four groups:

1. 60 examples of the primary stage, with the septum in all stages

of development, from the first beginnings at the posterior margin to

the completed septum. With one exception, these specimens, al-

though varying somewhat in size and shape, are similar in all other

respects. The matured, or rather, perfected examples, vary from

14 to 2 mm. in length, ? to 1 in width and from 4 to # in height.

The shape is an elongated oval, the ends bluntly rounded, the an-

terior extremity being usually somewhat more expanded. The sides

are nearly parallel, usually somewhat constricted in the centre, and

rather more so on the right than on the left, but in the smaller spe-

cimens are occasionally slightly convex. The apex is blunt, slightly

projecting and inclined to the right. It is radiately striate as in

Ferrissia. The anterior surface is distinctly ribbed with fine radiat-

ing ribs, which, however, do not extend to the apex. The septum

for the posterior half or two-thirds is either flat or, more usually,

slightly convex. From about the centre of the shell it is flattened

and descends slightly to the aperture. This depression is, no doubt,

caused by the body of the animal in moving in and out of the con-

stantly decreasing aperture. The lines of growth are curved and

delicate, but quite distinct. On completion of its growth the edge

of the septum is abruptly turned upwards to the level of the edge of

the shell, and the whole margin of the aperture thus formed is slightly

16 THE NAUTILUS.

thickened and becomes continuous as shown in figure 11. The ex-

ceptional specimen noted above is noticeably larger, but proportion-

ately more depressed than the other, measuring 24x 14x4mm. But

in sculpture it is precisely the same, and I have no doubt that it

belongs to the same species. In this, the septum is but partially de-

veloped. A very similar specimen in size and appearance, but with-

out any appearance of a septum, is noted under group 2. Nearly all

of these specimens are ‘‘amber-colored,” as stated by Smith, but

this is caused by a slight ferri-oxide deposit on the surface, which

disappears on the application of oxalic acid, and leaves the whole

shell of a clear, transparent, corneous color. ;

2. Five examples of the primitive stage with no trace of septum.

Evidently that growth had not yet begun. Four of them are of the

usual size and shape of the “‘ primary” shell. The fifth is somewhat

larger and, barring the lack of septum, almost a duplicate of the ab-

errant individual noted in group 1.

3. Three examples in which the secondary growth had been made

without forming a septum. In all of them the primary stage is

sharply defined by the difference of color, and in color and shape

agrees substantially with the usual appearance at that period. In

one of them (figs. 3, 6, 9) the posterior slope is not continuous exter-

nally, there being a well-marked ‘‘ break” between the two stages

of growth, and internally the secondary growth flares out at a decided

angle all around the posterior margin of the primary shell.

In the other two examples, the primary shell is rather more con-

tracted laterally than usual, but the secondary growth is, on all sides,

in a substantially direct continuation of the primary shell. It be-

comes more or less irregular, however, as it progresses and the gen-

eral effect of the entire shell is that of abnormal growth. None of

these shells, however, are referable to any of the described species of

Ancylus. Smith states that the Greensport Gundlachia were asso-

ciated with Ancylus fuscus and with ‘‘ more elevated specimens,

probably belonging to another species.’’ If his identification of A.

fuscus was correct, the difference in the apical sculpture, to say

nothing of the general contour of the shell, forbid the union of the

- two forms. What his other species were, must remain uncertain

until bis specimens can be examined. Possibly they were non-sep-

tate examples of ‘ st¢mpsoniana,”’ in which the line of demarcation

between the primary and secondary growths was not so distinctly in-

dicated as in these specimens, which he included with his Gundlachia.

THE NAUTILUS. 17

4. Three examples having both a septum and a more or less com-

plete secondary growth. Smith states that of about one hundred

examples collected in the course of three years, only two were fully

mature. Of the specimens now in the collection, only one is appar-

ently mature, and that is much smaller than the dimensions given

by Smith for the fully mature shell, 7. e., 54x3ix1$ mm. As

shown by the figures (figs. 2, 5 and 8), it is somewhat defective along

the left margin. Allowing for the broken edge it measures 33x24x1

mm. In shape, however, it agrees substantially with Smith’s de-

scription, and in the absence of a better, may be considered as

typical. .

The second specimen, if ever mature, has had the secondary

growth broken back on all sides nearly to the primary shell, so that

it is quite impossible to say what the original size or shape was.

The third example is apparently the one referred to by Smith (p.

400) as having begun the secondary growth with a septum covering

‘‘less than a quarter of the aperture.”’ As shown by the figures

(figs. 1, 4 and 7), it has been broken along the posterior margin, but

enough remains to give a good idea of its original appearance. It

measures 2.75x2x#mm. If this is the specimen mentioned by

Smith, and is “about two thirds ’’ grown, the shell represented by

figs. 2, 5 and 8. is not far from being fully matured. The shape of

this specimen is quite different from that of the “typical ” shell,

owing probably to the difference in the size of the septum. The re-

semblance in outline between it and the non-septate specimen figured

is quite strong, as shown by figures 4 and 6,

This species is apparently quite distinct from both G. meekiana and

G. californica, being characterized by its larger and more widely-ex-

panded secondary growth. More material showing the mature form

is very desirable, and it is to be hoped that collectors resident on

Long Island will make its rediscovery a matter of special consid-

eration.

MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF MONTEREY BAY, CALIFORNIA.

BY 8S. S. BERRY.

During the summer of 1906, the writer attended a six weeks’ ses-

sion of the Marine Biological Laboratory of Stanford University, at

Pacific Grove, California. While there considerable attention was

18 THE NAUTILUS.

given to molluscan life in particular and an extremely interesting

collection was made of the different forms. 394 species were ob-

tained, a practically complete list of which follows. In addition to

the mollusks, four species of brachiopods were collected.

The major part of the collecting was done along the shore about

Pacific Grove, especially at what is locally known as the “ Third

Beach,”’ and an interesting expanse of rocks called the ‘‘ Big Tide

Pool.’? In addition to this, a number of dredging excursions were

undertaken with the aid of a gasoline launch, which resulted very

successfully. Most of the dredging was done in quite shallow water,

although one trip was made to a point off Moss Landing near the

middle of the bay. On this occasion we twice pulled up the dredge

filled to the brim with living echinoderms of the genus Echinarach-

nius, the common “ sand-dollar,’’ some two bushels in all. All of

the mollusca collected on such occasions were given over to the

writer, and his sincere thanks are due to Professor George Clinton

Price, in charge of the laboratory, to Mr. Frank A. Woodworth, of

Pacific Grove, and to many of his fellow-students for much valuable

aid in the way of numerous specimens, pertinent suggestions and

help of every description in the preparation of this paper.

The writer is also greatly indebted to Dr. William H. Dall and

Mr. Paul Bartch, of the United States National Museum, who

kindly determined all doubtful material and who have now in hand

the description of the many new or undescribed species found. The

new species are marked with an asterisk.

BRACHIOPODA.

Glottidia albida Hinds. Several living specimens were obtained

at from twelve to forty fathoms’ depth.

Terebratulina caput-serpentis Linné. A few very young speci-

mens, presumably of this species, were dredged. Adult specimens

are occasionally brought in from deeper water by the fishermen,

usually attached to coral. They are of the form which used to be

known as var, unguicula Carpenter.

Terebratulina transversa Dall. A few poor specimens were dredged

. at various depths, adhering to fragments of hard blue clay, shells, etc.

Laqueus californicus Koch. We obtained no good specimens of

this handsome brachiopod, but I saw numbers of fine ones which had

been brought in by the fishermen.

.

et wets

THE NAUTILUS XXI PLATE Iii,

he

ON ag

SHH

8

HENDERSON: POLYGYRA SOELNERI.

PILSBRY: MEXICAN LAND SHELLS.

THE NAUTILUS XXI. PLATE IV.

WALKER: NOTES ON GUNDLACHIA.

THE NAUTILUS. 19

MOLLUSCA.

Nucula belloti A. Adams. One live specimen from about 40

fathoms.

Leda taphria Dall. Many empty valves and a few small live spe-

cimens were obtained almost everywhere that we dredged in the bay.

12 to 40 fathoms.

Leda hamata Carpenter. Occasionally found with the preceding.

Barbatia gradata Sowerby. Living; 12 fathoms.

Glycimeris intermedia Broderip. No living specimens were ob-

tained, but fresh valves were dredged in twelve fathoms of water.

Philobrya setosa Carpenter. 12 fathoms. Found attached by its

byssus to bunches of coralline, which it closely resembles in color

and is exceedingly difficult to distinguish. Not rare, and many were

doubtless thrown away before we discovered the habitat of this tiny

but none the less interesting mollusk.

Mytilus californianus Conrad. This animal covers the rocks just

above the low-water mark and may be gathered by the tubful, if one

is willing to risk the almost certain wetting he will get, if he clam-

bers too far out on the exposed headlands, which are the mussel’s

favorite haunts.

Septifer bifurcatus Reeve. Not rare between tides.

Modiolus fornicatus Carpenter. 12 to 40 fathoms.

Modiolus rectus Conr. 20 fathoms.

Modiolus rectus var. flabellatus Gould. One enormous specimen of

this variety was obtained which had been brought in by the fisher-

men. It far exceeds in size any other Mytilid in my cabinet.

-Adula faleata Gould. Living in the hard blue clay with other

borers. 12 fathoms.

Lithophagus plumula Hanley. With the above; not uncommon.

Crenella divaricata Orbigny. 25 fathoms.

Pecten hastatus Sowerby. 12-40 fathoms. No very large or

brightly-colored specimens were obtained.

Pecten hericeus Gould. One fine valve came up in the dredge

from the blue clay region off Del Monte. 12 fathoms.

Pecten diegensis Dall. Young specimens were dredged with P.

hericeus and P. hastatus. The fishermen sometimes bring in beau-

tiful adult specimens from the coral banks.

Pecten (Hinnites) giganteus Gray. A few were found at low-tide

attached to the under surfaces of rocks. At the great Tide Pool,

20 THE NAUTILUS.

where a good ‘‘minus”’ tide lays bare several acres of rocks and

weeds, and which teems with all sorts of marine life, this species

seems fairly common.

Lima dehiscens Conrad. Living ; 12 fathoms.

Monia macroschisma Deshayes. Living; from shore line to 12

fathoms.

Cardita subquadrata Carpenter. Living ; shore line to 12 fathoms.

Milneria minima Dall. 12 fathoms; not common, as we found it.

Kellia laperousii Deshayes. Found living on shore and also

dredged at 12 fathoms.

With it occurs the following :

Kellia suborbicularis Montagu.

Rochfortia tumida Carpenter. Shore line to 40 fathoms.

Diplodonta orbella Gould. Valves were found on the beach and

the species was dredged at 25 fathoms.

- Phacoides californicus Conrad. Low-tide to 40 fathoms. Fairly

common. ,

Phacoides approximatus Dall. 40 fathoms.

Phacoides annulatus Reeve. One valve was dredged at a depth

of about 25 fathoms.

Chama pellucida Sowerby. Low-tide to 12 fathoms.

Cardium quadrigenarium Conrad. 12 fathoms; only a few very

young valves found.

*Cardium fucanum Dall. One live specimen and several valves

dredged at 20 fathoms. It is notable that C. corbis Mart. was not

obtained. See description in NavuTitus, XX, p. 111.

Protocardia centifilosa Carpenter. Living; 12 to 30 fathoms.

Pisidium occidentale Newcomb. Found in numbers in an old

watering-trough at Pacific Grove.

Transennella tantilla Gould. Living ; between tides.

Tivela stultorum Mawe. Between tides.

Tivela(?) marginata Cpr. One valve, found between tides, was

thus identified at the National Museum.

Saxidomus nuttalli Conrad. 40 fathoms.

Marcia subdiaphana Carpenter. 25 fathoms; valves only.

Paphia staminea Conr.

Paphia staminea var. petiti Deshayes.

Paphia staminea var. orbella Carpenter. All found nestling among

the rocks between tides.

THE NAUTILUS. 21

Paphia tenerrima Carpenter. 12 fathoms ; immature valves only.

Venerupis lamellifera Conrad. Some very pretty specimens of

this species were found from the shore line down to 12 fathoms.

Psephidea ovalis Dall, 12 fathoms.

Petricola carditoides Conrad. 12 fathoms; in the blue clay.

Petricola californica Conrad. 25 fathoms; valves only.

Psammobia californica Conrad. Low-tide to 12 fathoms; not

common. 3

Tellina salmonea Carpenter. 40 fathoms; rare.

Macoma yoldiformis Carpenter. 40 fathoms; off Moss Landing.

One specimen.

Semele rubropicta Dall. 25 fathoms; valves only.

Semele pulchra Sowerby. 12 fathoms; valves only.

Cumingia californica Conrad. Not uncommon at low-tide.

Cooperella scintilliformis Carpenter. 40 fathoms; one live but

immature specimen.

Sphenia californica Conrad. Low-tide to 15 fathoms ; not rare.

Corbula luteola Cpr. 15 fathoms.

Sazxicava arctica Linné. Low-tide to 12 fathoms.

Saxicava pholadis Linné. Low-tide to 12 fathoms. Several very

large specimens were found in the abandoned holes of borers.

Siliqua lucida Conrad. Living; 15 fathoms; rare.

Solen sicarius Gould. Living; 40 fathoms.

Spisula planulata Conrad. Very common at about 12 fathoms’

depth. |

Spisula catilliformis Conr. One valve only; 40 fathoms; off

Moss Landing.

Lyonsia nitida Conrad. 12 fathoms; rare.

Lyonsia spongiophila Dall. Low-tide to 12 fathoms; quite rare.

Mytilimeria nuttalli Conrad. Found at low-tide curiously embedded

in sponges or colonies of ascidians. The live animals would be passed

over and found rarely, except by accident, were it not for the distor-

tion in the masses of their hosts caused by their presence, or for the

oddly-shaped openings which permit the sea water to reach them.

Entodesma saxicola Baird. Among the rocks at low-tide.

Parapholas californicus Conrad. 12 fathoms. At this depth the

dredge often brought up large fragments of a hard, blue clay which,

upon examination, was found to be filled with dead and living spe-

cimens of this and other boring mollusks, such as Petricola, Adula,

22 THE NAUTILUS.

Pholadidea, etc. Other crevices of this same blue clay yielded Ocin-

ebra and many of the finest Chitons obtained.

Pholadidea penita Conrad. Found with the above.

Pholadidea sagitta Stearns. Found with the above and at a depth

of 40 fathoms off Moss Landing.

Pholadidea parva Tryon. In Haliotts shells.

Pholadidea (Netastomella) darwinit Sowerby. 12 fathoms; in the

blue clay.

Dentalium neohexagonum Pilsbry. 12 fathoms.

Dentalium rectius Carpenter (?). 12 fathoms. One beautiful spe-

cimen over an inch long is probably referable to this species.

Cadulus nitentior Carpenter. 12 fathoms; not uncommon.

Tornatina harpa Dall. 12 to 40 fathoms.

(To be concluded. )

A NEW CERITHIUM FROM THE FLORIDA KEYS.

BY WILLIAM HEALY DALL.

CERITHIUM STANTONI 0. sp.

Shell solid, acute, conic, the nine whorls rapidly enlarging ; sculp-

ture of 7-9 strong, rounded, axial ribs extending from the suture to

the periphery, crossed by small, sharply elevated, subequal, some

times alternate, close set spiral threads which cover the whole shell ;

these threads behind the periphery are white, the strie between them

tend to be blackish-brown except on the most prominent part of the

ribs where they are yellowish cream color; from the periphery to

the canal the threads as well as the interspaces are brown, and on

the canal become lighter again, but are probably more or less var-

iable as in other species of the genus; last whorl with a single varix

opposite the outer lip; aperture semi-lunar, on the body callous,

with a strong subsutural ridge setting off a posterior sulcus; the

pillar callous, twisted, very short, smooth; the outer lip thickened,

reflected, internally sharply lirate ; interior white. Lon. of shell 35,

of last whorl 16, of aperture 12, max. diam. of shell 17, of aperture

6 mm.

Shoals near St. George Cay, Belize, Rev. W. A. Stanton

(150294); Florida Keys (110469).

THE NAUTILUS. 23

A hermit crab fragment retaining its coloration, sent by Father

Stanton, was long believed to be due to foreign ballast, as nothing

of the sort was known from the West Indies. The recent acquisi-

tion of a bleached but entire specimen from the Florida Keys has

confirmed its American habitat.

The species is nearest the C. guintacum Philippi (1849) from the

Gaboon, West Africa, but is more conical, and wider in the last

whorl, and rather larger. The sharp regular striation and few large

rounded ribs are its most striking characteristics.

AMONG THE CEPHALOPODS.

BY R. E. C. STEARNS.

According to the papers, the big steamship Worthwestern that

went ashore last March on La Touche Island, southeastern Alaska,

has been floated and is now at Valdez.

Divers making the survey of the bottom of the sea where the

steamer rested, were driven away repeatedly by ‘great cuttlefish,

which swarmed in the vicinity of the wreck,” It was feared that

these ‘sea monsters’’ would prevent the saving of the vessel, but

the divers proved game, made the necessary survey, drilled the holes

for the dynamite, and laid the charge which blew to atoms the rock

that had trapped the steamer, without damaging the vessel.

May 3, 1907.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

THe Mo.iusca or CoLorapo (University of Colorado Studies,

vol. iv, no. 2, 3, Feb. and Apr., 1907). By Junius Henderson.

This useful addition to the series of state hand-books of mollusks

gives an epitome of earlier work by Ingersoll, Cockerell and others,

with substantial additions to the list of species (some 25 being here

first reported from Colorado), and to the locality records. A key to

species and a bibliography are given. Most of the species are illus-

trated, the Unionide by excellent original figures, the snails by cuts

24 THE NAUTILUS.

borrowed from Binney’s works. ‘‘ The study of the influence of

altitude upon mollusks in this region has given chiefly negative re-

sults. Instead of dwarfing the species, as in Montana and other

regions where the cold of high altitudes is more intense, the higher

altitudes seem more favorable to land snails than lower levels, be-

cause of the increased humidity. The finest specimens of Oreohelix

strigosa and Vitrina alaskana found have been at 11,000 and 9,300

feet respectively.”” ‘‘ Among bivalves we have found Pisidia at

11,000 feet, Calyculina at 8,500 feet.”

Regarding some of the older records the author remarks upon

‘¢ doubts as to the accuracy of identification in many instances in the

early reports.”” Such difficulties are always encountered, and their

removal costs much time and labor. The identification of ‘* Zoni-

toides conspectus,”’ Succinea salleana, nuttalliana, rusticana, Ancylus

fragilis and caurinus and Physa heterostropha should especially be

looked into. The paper will form an excellent basis for further

work in Colorado, and will be useful for work anywhere in the

Rockies.

THe Resuxits oF Derxrp-sEA INVESTIGATION IN THE TASMAN

Sea. MoLiLusca FROM EIGHTY FATHOMS OFF NARRABEEN. By

C. Hepiey (Records of the Australian Museum, vi, pp. 283-304,

pls. 54-56). This paper contains descriptions of 18 new species,

including a new genus, Coriareus related to Lasea. ‘The species are

all beautifully illustrated.

NOTES.

ErraAtTa.—The differences between the two New England species

of Acmaea. The Navutitus, May, 1907. About half way down

the 3d page: “ .. . radula of an adult shell of alveus are perhaps

the squarest of all, fig. 4.”” This should be “ fig. 3.’ Also several

lines farther down “ . . . nearly at right angles to the next tooth

and the cusp of (U) faces the center of the lingual membrane (L).”

The (L) should be after the word ‘ tooth.”

HENRY JACKSON, JR.

mHeE NAUTILUS:

Vou. XXI. JULY, 1907. INO.) oe

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW MEXICAN PACHYCHEILUS.

BY ANSON A. HINKLEY.

PACHYCHEILUS VALLESENSIS n. sp. Pl. 5, figs. 1-10.

Shell conic, solid, smooth; suture impressed ; aperture widely

ovate, circular at the base, obtusely angular above, purple within ;

whorls 7, convex ; on young and also well preserved specimens the

apical ones are slightly carinate or striate; spire about half the

length of the shell.

Operculum corneous, spiral, nucleus subcentral; when viewed from

above has a little resemblance to a small Planorbvs.

Length 32, diam. 16 mm.

Length 33, diam. 19 mm.

Habitat. Valles river, Valles, State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico.

*« This species resembles short forms of P. /evissimus, from which

it differs by the absence of fine spiral lines, the more heavily

calloused columellar lip, and the darker interior. No other Pachy-

cheilus has been found so far north.” *

The species is named from the river in which it is the most plenti-

ful mollusk. Figure 1 may be considered the type, though its size

is above the average. ‘There is often a flattening of the body whorl

and occasionally a constriction or shallow groove, as on some of the

Pleurocera. Mature specimens usually show 6 whorls; when the

spire is well preserved, as in fig. 8 and fig. 9, there are 8. In young

specimens the aperture is angular below, see fig. 5. In mature

1Note from Dr, H, A. Pilsbry. The plate illustrating this species will ap-

pear in the next number.

26 THE NAUTILUS.

specimens the callous deposit on the columella is heavy, and where

it meets the labium above, it is very thick. This is well shown in

figs. 3 and 8; within the aperture the outer lip is bordered by a

lighter-colored or white zone.

All mature specimens and many of the immature ones are more or

less covered with a deposit of calcareous matter, which is often so

thick as to mislead as to the form of the shell, see figs. 4 and 9.

Individuals are very numerous in some places, and scattering ones

ean be found almost anywhere in the river. The very young were

found where there was little or no current, on sand or mud bottom,

or on roots and plants at the water’s edge; older ones were common

on rocks or the river bed where the current was strong.

At two places the alluvial soil, though above any indication of

high-water, contained large numbers of this species, reminding the

writer of the remains of Zulotoma magnifica at places along the

Coosa river in Alabama.

Figures 8 and 9 are from the stream of a spring, and are more

perfect in the spire than those from the river, fig. 8 has the deposit

all removed, and fig. 9 has enough removed to show the spire. Fig.

10 is not mature ; it will be seen that the heavy columellar callus is

not yet formed. Fig. 2 is an extra large one; it and figs. 3 and 7

are more than usually inflated. Much smaller ones were found than

the one shown in fig. 5.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MEXICAN LAND SHELLS.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

A full account of. the mollusks collected by Mr. A. A. Hinkley in

the vicinity of Tampico and in the State of San Luis Potosi will

later be submitted by him; meantime some of the new forms are

described below.

Polygyra (?) martensiana n. sp. Pl. V, figs. 11, 12.

The shell is rather thin, depressed, about the shape of P. texasiana,

umbilicate, the umbilicus rapidly contracting within; surface glossy,

pale brownish-corneous with a faint brown band above the periphery,

weakly marked with unequal growth-lines. Upper surface nearly

flat, the spire being very low conic; periphery above the middle, the

base convex. Whorls 44 to 54, convex, slowly increasing, the first

THE NAUTILUS. Od

smooth, the last whorl very indistinctly subangular in front of the

aperture, elsewhere rounded peripherally, slightly descending in

front. ‘The aperture is very oblique, wider than high, about one-

fourth of its circumference is excised by the preceding whorl; peri-

stome evenly, rather narrowly reflexed throughout, slightly dilated

at the axial termination; parietal callus thin and transparent.

Alt. 6, diam. 11, width of umbilicus 2 mm.

Alt. 8.8, diam. 4.8 mm.

Tampico, Mexico, type loc.; also Valles, farther inland, in the

State of San Luis Potosi. |

This species is remarkable for the complete absence of teeth in the

aperture, in other respects having a general resemblance to Poly-

gyras of the terasiana group. Its generic position can be decided

only by examination of the soft anatomy. It may possibly be a

Praticolella. Six examples were taken at Tampico, one at Valles,

Named for the late Professor E. von Martens.

Hiolospira hinkleyi n. sp. Pi. ITI, figs. 3, 4.

The shell is fusiform, widest above the middle, at the seventh

whorl, above which it tapers rapidly and below slowly; whitish.

Whorls nearly 10, the first smooth, projecting, flattened above, with

a central dimple, the second whorl narrower, very convex, smooth;

following whorls sculptured with very oblique well raised threads,

rather sparse on the early whorls, then more numerous, but sep-

arated by spaces wider than the threads. ‘The whorls of the cone

are somewhat flattened, except near the lower suture where they are

abruptly curved, and the threads are a little enlarged. On the

penult and last whorls the threads become strongly arcuate ; the

whorls are convex, with very deep sutures. The latter part of the

last whorl becomes free and descends deeply. It is somewhat flat-

tened on the upper and outer faces, elsewhere rounded. The aper-

ture is transversely ovate, brown within, with a continuous, very

broadly expanded, flattened, thin peristome. Internally there. are

four laminz: a strong parietal which arises in the latter part of the

penult and continues to where the last whorl becomes free; a shorter

columellar, in the median part of the last whorl; a high basal lamina

in the first half of the last whorl, and a thin but well-developed

palatal lamina, below the middle of the outer wall, in the first half

of the last whorl.

28 THE NAUTILUS.

Length 9.8, diam. 2.9 mm.

El Abra, State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico, collected by A. A.

Hinkley.

This species is well characterized by the freely descending last

whorl, the “neck ”’ being much longer than in any other member of

the typical subgenus of Holospira. The four internal lamine are

well developed, and situated somewhat lower than in H. goldfussi.

Kight specimens were taken, part of them immature.

ZONITOIDES PENTAGYRA n. sp. Pl. ITI, figs. 6, 7, 8.

The shell is slightly larger than Z. minuscula, umbilicate, the

width of the umbilicus contained between 4 and 44 times in that of

the shell; thin, whitish in the dead specimens seen, similar in color

to Z. minuscula. Surface glossy, marked with very weak growth-

lines, and with very faint fine spiral striz on the base, more distinct

in immature shells.

Spire quite convex. Whorls 5, narrow and very slowly increasing,

convex, the last well rounded peripherally. Aperture somewhat

oblique, quite small, and narrowly lunate. Peristome simple as usual.

Alt. 1.4, diam. 2.7 mm. |

Tampico, in river drift, with Z. minuscula and Z. singleyana and

various Pupillide, etc. Type no. 93796 A. N. S. P., from Mr.

Hinkley’s collection.

This species is readily distinguished from the two nedoetaina forms

of Zonitoides by the closely coiled whorls and the small, narrowly

lunate aperture. It has some resemblance to Pycnogyra berendtz, of

the region of Vera Cruz. It is comparatively rare in the river

debris, while Z. minuscula and singleyana occur in copious quantity.

SpiRAXIS TAMPICOENSIS Pilsbry. Pl. III, fig. 5.

Drift debris at Tampico. This very slender shell has been de-

scribed in the current number of the Manual of Conchology, p. 24.

CECILIOIDES (CACILIANOPSIS) JOD n. sp.

The shell is imperforate, very minute, oblong, slowly tapering to

an obtuse summit, whitish (probably clear corneous when living),

smooth and glossy. Whorls 44, slightly convex. Aperture less

than half the total length, piriform, shaped like that of Huglandina,

the outer lip arcuate, thin, columella very concave, covered with a

thin callous film, distinctly truncate at the base. Length 2.1,

diam. 1 mm.

THE NAUTILUS. 29

Tampico, in river debris, abundant.

This tiny snail seems to be at least subgenerically distinct from

Cacilianella ( Cecilioides) by the very obtuse summit and short wide

spire. It is closely related to A. consobrina Orb.

IN RE CYTHEREA PETECHIALIS OF CARPENTER’S MAZATLAN

CATALOGUE.

BY ROBERT E. C. STEARNS.

In Dr. Dall’s ‘‘ Synopsis of the Family Veneride,’’* etc., he re-

marks ‘‘Cytherea petechialis Lamarck, 1818, is listed by Carpenter

from Mazatlan having been found among the Reigen shells, but it is

certainly exotic, none having appeared from there for half a cen-

tury.”

It is not unlikely that the shell collected by Reigen was an ex-

ample of the exceedingly rare and handsome variety of Macrocallista

(Chionella) squalida, the color markings of which are suggestive of

the Asiatic petechialis. In my paper on “ The Shells of the Tres

Marias,’’’ etc., etc., under Cytherea (Callista) chionea I refer to the

matter. I have never seen more than half a dozen examples of the

variety. The National Museum contains if I am not mistaken two

or more specimens.

I am quite familiar with squalida as well as petechialis having had

a great many of both species, and for many years distributed both

freely in the course of exchanges. The West Coast species is com-

mon in Scammon’s Lagoon with Macron dithiops Reeve (= &M.

Kellettii Hinds) and elsewhere on both sides of the peninsula and in

the Gulf of California.

THE U. 8. COAST SURVEY EXPEDITION TO ALASKA IN THE YEAR 1867.

BY ROBERT E. C. STEARNS.

If not a stroke of genius, it was a timely inspiration that caused

Dr. C. Hart Merriam to expand what might have been hardly more

than a notable pleasure excursion into an important scientific expe-

dition. Probably never before were so many eminent scientific men

brought together, and under such agreeable circumstances, as formed

1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, p. 408, vol. xxvi, 1902.

2Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, p. 153, vol. xvii, 1894.

.

30 THE NAUTILUS.

the party that went north on the steamer G. W. Hider, constituting

the Harriman Alaska Expedition.

It was also a happy thought that led Dr. Dall to utilize the oppor-

tunity for publication in the Harriman Expedition Series, of his

volume on the “ Land and Fresh-Water Mollusks,’’ which has been

appropriately reviewed by Dr. Pilsbry.’ It will doubtless be a

standard reference book for the next quarter of a century.

The number of species collected by the expedition is nowhere

stated. With a copy of Dr. Dall’s volume before me, memory re-

calls what was an important event in its time, forty years ago, the

U.S. Coast Survey Expedition to Alaska,’ in charge of Professor

George Davidson, which left San Francisco, July 21, 1867, and re-

turning, arrived in San Francisco on the following 18th of November.

In this, the first expedition under the flag in connection with the

acquisition of Alaska, or perhaps more accurately, Russian America,

provision was made for biological investigation, hence my special

interest in it, and further, for the reason that two members of the

biological staff were kindly appointed by Professor Davidson on my

suggestion. Mr. W. G. W. Harford was the conchologist and gen-

eral collector. ‘The season proved unfavorable, the weather being

bad, and the collection of mollusks, therefore, in number of species,

was small. Of the marine forms 69 species were taken; the

Buccinide were determined by Dr. William Stimpson, the rest by

the writer. The few land shells as named below, were identified by

Dr. J. G. Cooper. .

Helix columbiana Lea, Sitka; Chilcot River, 59° 9’ N.

Helix vancouverensis Lea, Sitka ; Vancouver Island.

Helix ruderata Stud., Ounalaska.

Felix fulva Drap., Sitka; Ounalaska..:

Vitrina pellucida Mull. (?).

Zua lubrica Mull., Sitka; Kodiak.

The list as it appeared in the Coast Survey volume, contained

many typographical errors; it was subsequently revised and pub-

lished by me.°

1The Nautitus, Vol, XIX, December, 1905.

2Report of the Supt. U. 8, Coast Survey, during the year 1867. Appendix

No. 18, pp. 187-329, Washington, D, C., 1869.

* Shells collected by the U. 8, Coast Survey Expedition to Alaska in the year

1867. Proc. Cal, Acad, Nat. Sciences, Dec, 2, 1867,

THE NAUTILUS. 31

This and the other paper’ mentioned in the foot-note, which con-

tained a few pages on the circumboreal distribution of molluscan

species, were omitted from the bibliography of Dr. Dall’s volume.

A FEW NOTES ON SAY’S EARLY WRITINGS AND SPECIES.

BY V. STERKI.

Again and again, these last years, I have looked over a copy of

T. Say’s “ Conchology” in the “ British Encyclopedia” (Nichol-

son’s),? and found a few things which caught my attention particu-

larly and appear worth mentioning and discussing if compared with

our present interpretation. It is unnecessary to say that the re-

marks are not written for the sake of criticizing the father of con-

chology in this country. His difficulties were doubtless great with

respect to both working up his material and having the articles

printed according to his intentions.

Of the introduction and general description, I would refer only to

one point or two. Say justly protests against the view then prev-

alent, that the beaks of a bivalve mark the under side, stating that

in the natural position of the mussel they are above. At the same

time, what we now regard as anterior and posterior parts, he desig-

nates as the right and left sides, evidently from lack of knowledge

of the organization of the soft parts. Hence also the terms: ‘ zqui-

lateral and inzquilateral,” for which we now must say ‘ equipartite

and inequipartite.”” He calls the distance from the beaks to the

opposite or “‘ posterior’ margin as length, the one at right angles to

it as breadth, as some noted: conchologists have done up to recent

years. It is interesting to note, however, that soon he approached

a more correct conception, even in the same article: in descriptions,

e. g.,0f Unio ovatus and ochraceus, and Anodonta marginata, he

speaks of a front and a posterior end, only mistakes them for each

other, a view which also has been held tenaciously for a long time

by many conchologists. In this way apparent contradictions.are

1On the History and Distribution of the Fresh-water Mussels, etc. Proc.

Cal, Acad, Sciences, Nov. 20, 1882.

* Probably of 1818 or 1819; there is no date, and nothing referring to the

time of publication, except that the author mentions his “‘ detached essays in

the Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc,,’”’ and to the “ former editions of this work,”

32 THE NAUTILUS.

easily explained. That Say terms primary teeth what we now call

cardinals or pseudocardinals, may be mentioned by the way.

As to the arrangement it is interesting to note that the first genus

is Helix (made up of our Polygyra, Zonitide, Vallonia, Strobilops,

Patula | Pyramidula], Helicodiscus, variously mixed up); then fol-

low: Polygyra (P.s. str.), Oligyra (= Helicina), Planorbis, Lymnzxa

(including Physa), Succinea,’ Cyclostoma ( Valvata), Ancylus, Palu-

These things are mentioned just for an historical reminiscence,

and also to show the changes brought on by anatomical examination

and more minute distinction.

Some notes on species:

Helix lineata. Reference is made to Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc., I,

_ p. 18, but no mention of Planorbis parallelus.

Succinea ovalis, Alt. 11.25, aperture alt. 8.75 mill.2 Say states

that the species is common ; how is it, then, that no larger specimens

were found, if ovalis were identical with obligua? and that Say de-

scribed the latter as new, only a few years later? (as 17.5 mill.

high). A. Binney (Terr. Moll., I], p. 71) asserts that the two are

identical, or varieties of the same species, yet does not use the older

name; and he does not state whether there are any undoubtedly

authentic ovalis Say on hand, giving evidence of the identity. In

the absence of such, doubts should be permitted. Dr. Dall seems to

have the same view.

Unio crassus. From the description it is evident that not only

several species are included under the name—as the author himself

suspects—but that rather forms of Unio, resp. Quadrula are under-

stood, including undulata Barnes,’ and probably tuberculata Raf. A

description of Lamps. ligamentina would be quite different, and es-

pecially so of the prevalent form of the Ohio river (= var. gibbus

Simpson). The figure has resemblance to a female L. liga-

1'Yet he adds the remark: ‘‘ The characters of the inhabitant (— soft parts)

are widely distinct from the animal of the Lymneza, and are somewhat allied

to those of the inhabitants of the Helices,”’

dina (our Amnicola, Pomatiopsis, Lioplax, Goniobasis, Vivipara,

Campeloma), Pupa, Polyphemus (== Glandina), the bivalves: Unio,

Alasmodonta, Anodonta, Cyclus, Oyrena.

4Say gives the dimensions in inches; for convenience of comparing, they

are reduced to millimeters.

3 As even more evident from the description of U, plicata, following.

THE NAUTILUS. 38

mentina. Except eventually for that, U. crassus cannot be regarded

as a synonym of the species named, and it would be best to drop the

name.

Unio plicata. Unfortunately, the author failed to cite the dimen-

sions. To judge from the description and also the locality, Lake

Erie, it seems that not the large ‘‘ typical” plicata of e. g., the Mis-

sissippi and Ohio rivers was understood, but the well marked

‘‘ variety,’ known also e. g., from the Kankakee river.

U. ochraceus. Description and figure evidently are drawn from a

young, resp. adolescent specimen, two or three years old, and the

differences as pointed out from cariosus (the figure represents a

mature female) are mostly due to this fact.

Cyclas similis. The description shows decidedly that the mussel

understood is not what has been taken for Spherium simile, resp.

G. suleatum Lam.; the size given is: long. 10, alt. 8.75 mill. Any

specimen of G. sulcatum, 10 mill. long, is rather young, not “ sub-

orbicular,”’ but elongate, and little inflated. The figure also, how-

ever imperfect it may be, cannot represent a G. sulcatum. The

species described seems to be either G. striatinum Lam, or stamineum

Con., probably the former. The statement that ‘‘a specimen

measured in length’ nearly three-fifths of an inch,” makes it prob-

able that a G. sulcatum was mixed in. Whether there are any

authentic specimens in a collection, and what they prove, I know

not; but from what has been said, we will do well to revert to the

name G. suleatum Lam., which seems well established.

There are a number of typographical and other errors, and mis-

takes in the article; e. g., under Paludina, three species are desig-

nated as “* L.”: Subcarinata, Virginica, Vivipara; evidently the

author had ranged them under Lymne@a previously, and then forgot

to change the genus initials. Under Anodonta marginata, pl. 3,

fig. 3, is cited; evidently it should be fig. 5, although the dimensions

do not agree exactly with the description, as they do with respect to

other species. Helix thyroidus is described. What good reason is

there now to spell thyroides, after the original spelling had been gen-

erally adopted until 1850, and partly later? I allude to this, as

compared with Planorbis exacuous, which is not in the article con-

sidered, that Say himself changed, corrected, the nonsensical and

1 Probably altitude, in conformity with Say’s terminology; no ‘‘ breadth” is

given.

34 THE NAUTILUS.

impossible word into exacutus, or others did, is enough to show

that it was an error. The purpose of nomenclatural rules is to pre-

vent mistakes and misunderstandings; the means, to adhere to the

original spelling, so far. as consistent with sense. In the case of PI.

exacutus for exacuous, there is no possibility of a mistake, and I, for

one, shall write exacutus after this.

_In Say’s article there is under Cyrena: ‘Shell triagonally

rounded ...,’’ evidently an error; it should be “trigonally.” If

this were in a name it would be perpetuated like ‘‘ exacuous.”

MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF MONTEREY BAY, CALIFORNIA.

BY 8. S. BERRY.

(Continued from p. 22.)

Cylichna eximia Baird. 12 fathoms.

Cylichna attonsa Carpenter. 28 fathoms; one young specimen.

Tethys (= Aplysia) californica Cooper (?). The common sea-

hare of Monterey Bay seems to differ somewhat from those of the

southern part of the state, and may prove to be distinct when a care-

ful anatomical examination has been made of both. The form ob-

tained is quite common along the shore. It is large and of a brown

color, irregularly blotched.

Tethys (californica, var.?). A small red form was dredged at 12

fathoms depth, which may or may not prove distinct from the shore

form. At any rate, it is very different in appearance.

Archidoris montereyensis Cooper. 25 fathoms. Whether one

collects along the shore or dredges in the bay, the Nudibranchs

form one of the most striking and characteristic features of marine

life in the Monterey region. Neither individuals, nor species, nor

even genera, are few in number, as the following incomplete list will

show. For the identifications, Professor MacFarland’s careful paper

on the Monterey Bay opisthobranchs (Bulletin of the Bureau of

Fisheries, Vol. XXV) is the best work, and was constantly used by

us as a text book in their study. It is beautifully illustrated, and

should be in the library of every Pacific coast student.

Anisodoris nobilis MacFarland. Very common at low tide.

Rostanga pulchra MacFarland. A few of these bright-red ani-

mals found at low tide.

THE NAUTILUS. 35

Diaulula sandiegensis Cooper. Low tide.

Cadlina marginata MacFarland. Very common from the shore

line to 25 fathoms.

Chromodoris (sp.?) One specimen dredged. A most elegant

creature ; brilliant blue marked with yellow. It is now in the hands

of Professor MacFarland for dissection and determination.

Doriopsis fulva MacFarland. Shore line to 25 fathoms; very

common.

Cregires albopunctatus MacFarland. At low tide.

Laila cockerelli MacFarland. A few found at low tide.

Triopha carpentert Stearns. Between tides; common.

Triopha maculata MacFarland. Between tides; common.

Polycera atra MacFarland. One specimen found at low tide.

Acanthodoris brunnea MacFarland. 12 fathoms; one specimen.

Hopkinsia rosacea MacFarland. A beautiful rosy pink in color,

its body covered with long, tapering papillae, this is one of the most

exquisite beings imaginable. It is by no means an uncommon

creature in the little rocky tide pools along the shore.

_ Aeolid (sp.?). Numerous aeolids of many sorts were found along

the shore and were dredged, particularly off Moss Landing. Some

species were exquisitely beautiful in form and color, but they proved

almost impossible to preserve and none were determined.

Selenites duranti Newcomb. Several were found under bits of

bark on Cypress Point.

Vertigo (sp. undet.): Found rather commonly on Cypress Point.

Punctum conspectum Bland. Cypress Point ; one specimen.

Punctum conspectum, var. pasadene Pilsbry. Near Pacific Grove;

one specimen.

Helix aspersa Miller. Pacific Grove ; in gardens.

Epiphragmophora californiensis Lea. Cypress Point; rather

uncommon there at least.

Epiphragmophora dupetithouarst Deshayes. Cypress Point, ete.

Common, as land shells go in California. One curious specimen

obtained is half albino.

Siphonaria peltoides Carpenter. Found at low tide, and live ones

were also dredged at 12 fathoms, to my great surprise.

Gadinia reticulata Sowerby. At low tide; Santa Cruz, ete.

Physa heterostropha Say (?). Santa Cruz, ete.

Planorbis parvus Say. Del Monte pond.

(To be concluded. )

36 THE NAUTILUS.

NOTES.

Norte on Crpra#a Coxeni Cox.—Having recently had the good

fortune to obtain a specimen of this rare and interesting species,

my attention is directed to certain particulars in which it differs

materially from the only figure and description at present available

to me—those contained in Mr. Roberts’ monograph in Tryon’s

Manual of Conchology. This specimen, which appears to be some-

what worn, has the irregular chestnut-brown markings described as

characteristic of the species, but is otherwise entirely white. In-

stead, however, of being a tapering shell, as shown in the figure

referred to, or of being similar to C. ertbraria, to which it has been

compared by Mr. Brazier and Mr. Roberts, it is cylindrical, opaque

and heavy in appearance, and its form throughout is almost precisely

that of ©. rhinoceros Souv. (C. interrupta Gray, var.?), the white

base and margins being the same, but the columellar teeth extending

further across the base, as mentioned by Mr. Melvill in his “‘ Survey

of the Genus Cyprea” (p. 280). This species should not be con-

fused with C. Cozi Braz., a thin yellowish or cream-colored shell,

which Dr. Cox believes (MS. letter) is not entitled to specific rank

and which Mr. Roberts thinks may have been based upon a young

specimen of O. errones.—F RED. L. ButTron.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

THe ConcHOLocicaL Macazine: A monthly devoted to the

study of Japanese shells. Published by Y. Hirase, Kyoto, Japan. ?

A new expression of the activity of our neighbors across the Pacific

is before us in this handsomely printed and illustrated Magazine

edited by Mr. Hirase, of which four numbers have come to hand.

It is a gratifying evidence that the progress of Japan is to be

intellectual as well as material. The April number contains

articles on collecting shells, the philology of shell names. Japanese

marine mollusks, the classification of Japanese land shells, etc., etc.,

a total of 84 pages and three excellent phototype plates. The text

is of course in Japanese, but the plates make it interesting to con-

chologists of the Western World, and should give the Magazine a

circulation outside of Japan among all interested in Pacific shells.

The Navtiuuvs heartily welcomes the new Oonchological Magazine.

1Subscription to foreign countries $1.50 per annum,

THE NAUTILUS.

Von. XXI. AUGUST, 1907. No. 4.

A NEW SUBSPECIES OF POLYGYRA MULTILINEATA.

BY JAS. H. FERRISS.

POLYGYRA MULTILINEATA CHADWICKI Nn. var.

This is a dentate form. In a lot of thirty specimens twenty-five

had a lunate parietal tooth or thickening of the callus about three

mm, in length extending obliquely across the aperture nearer the

outer lip. In other respects, compared to multilineata, the shell is

heavier, the spire higher, the whorls more ventricose, the suture

deeper; it is moderately polished, the sculpturing is less acute, the

furrows shallow; the aperture is less oblique, less lunate; the peri-

stome thicker, face more rounded, contracting the aperture more.

In some examples the parietal callus is a mere ribbon in front of the

aperture 5 mm. in width, not extending within the aperture itself.

The greatest diameter 21 mm., alt. 13 mm.

In color these run from yellowish-white to light cherry. In five

specimens only were the revolving lines observed, and these faintly.

In general appearance it.is quite like the Arkansas mountain forms,

bearing a neighborly likeness to albolabris allent, indianorum, bin-

neyana and edentata. It was collected on the banks of the Kaw

river, near Lawrence, Kansas, by W. C. Chadwick, of Cleveland,

Ohio, and is named in his honor.

In the Illinois river valley we have two sizes of multilineata, one in

the open bog measuring from 18 to 23 mm. in diameter, the other

in wet timber land measuring from 25 to 28 mm. in diameter, well

supplied with revolving lines. The smaller size varies in color from

38 THE NAUTILUS.

a solid cherry-brown to white, and when lined there is a wide varia-

tion in the number of lines.

NEW LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS FROM MEXICO.

BY H. A. PILSBRY AND A. A. HINKLEY.

POLYGYRA POLITA n. spe, Pl. 6, fig AL,

The shell is narrowly perforate, with a rather long rimation, dis-

coidal, the spire very slightly convex; whitish corneous (probably

partially bleached), glossy, with faint sculpture of weak growth lines

only. The whorls increase slowly; the last one is rounded at the

periphery and descends abruptly at the aperture; it is constricted

and opaque white behind the lip, and there is a short oblique groove

within the umbilicus. Aperture very oblique. The peristome is

thick, expanded outwardly, reflexed below, the ends connected by a

rather thick callus, which bears a rather long, obliquely V-shaped

tooth, the upper branch of which, though not so high as the lower,

is well developed and connects with the peristome. There are two

strong lip teeth, the upper one peripheral in position, tubercular, the

lower one basal, compressed, entering across the lip-callus; a low,

rather sharp lip-callus, more immersed at its lower end, is above the

upper tooth.

Alt. 4, diam. 9.6 mm.; width of umbilicus 2.6 mm.; whorls 5.

Tampico, in river débris, coll. by A. A. Hinkley.

This species closely resembles P. texasiana hyperolia Pils. and

Ferr., but it differs by the wider constriction or furrow behind the

peristome, and the decidedly more deeply immersed upper lip tooth.

The umbilical rimation is also longer than usual in that form.

POLYGYRA AULACOMPHALA n. sp. PI. 5, fig. 12.

The shell is very narrowly perforate, with a rather long rimation,

subdiscoidal, with low spire; whitish corneous (probably bleached),

glossy, faintly, finely striate above, smoother below, where faint

traces of spiral strize are visible. Whorls slowly increasing, the first

projecting slightly, the last rounded peripherally, descending a little

in front, constricted behind the outer and basal margins of the peri-

stome, with shallow pits in these positions. A long, deep furrow on

THE NAUTILUS. 39

the last whorl within the umbilicus~ runs parallel to the rimation,

but does not quite reach to the peristome. The aperture is oblique,

peristome thin, well expanded, reflexed below, terminations converg-

ing, joined by a rather heavy callus, which bears a large obliquely

and narrowly V-shaped parietal tooth, the upper branch connecting

with the peristome, the lower branch somewhat sinuous. The upper

lip tooth is peripheral, the lower basal, both compressed and entering,

There is an acute, obliquely entering ridge within the lip, above the

upper lip tooth, and connected with its inner end. Inside the last

whorl a low columellar lamella indicates the position of the external

furrow. |

Alt. 4.3, diam. 10, width of umbilicus 3 mm.; whorls 5.

Tampico, in river débris, coll. by A. A. Hinkley.

This species is closely related to P. polita, but differs from that by

the very long and deep groove on the last whorl within the umbilicus,

the thin lip, longer teeth and smaller perforation. Further fresh

specimens are needed to complete the descriptions of both, since the

types are bleached shells from river débris.

PALUDESTRINA TAMPICOENSIS n. sp. PI. 5, fig. 13.

The shell is very minutely perforate or imperforate, rather nar-

rowly conic, thin, corneous, nearly smooth, the glossy surface but

slightly striatulate; apex acute. Whorls 6, moderately convex ;

suture moderately impressed, with a gray margin by transparence.

Aperture slightly oblique, ovate, angular above; lip thin and simple,

the columellar margin concave, hardly reflexed.

Alt. 3.7, diam. 1.8 mm.

Tampico, in river débris, coll. by A. A. H.

Of this little species only a few specimens were taken. It is re-

lated to P. monroensis Ffld., and is not close to any species yet

known from Mexico or Texas.

MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF MONTEREY BAY, CALIFORNIA.

BY S. 8. BERRY.

(Continued from page 86.)

Conus californicus Hinds. Shore to 12 fathoms.

Pleurotoma carpenteriana Gabb. Several individuals of this

40 THE NAUTILUS.

beautiful species were dredged in from 12 to 15 fathoms. It is one

of the most attractive shells to be found in the Bay.

Daphnella fuscoligata Dall. One good specimen was found be-

tween tides by some little children who gave it over to me.

Drillia inermis Hinds. 12 fathoms; living; one specimen.

Drillia torosa Carpenter. 12 fathoms, and dead specimens on the

beach.

Clathurella canfieldi Dall. Living under rocks at the big Tide

Pool.

Mangilia angulata Carpenter. 12 fathoms.

Mangilia hexagona Gabb. 12 fathoms.

Mangilia sculpturata Dall. 12 fathoms.

Cancellaria cooperit Gabb. 15 fathoms; one living, but immature

specimen.

Olivella biplicata Sowerby. Between tides.

Olivella pedroana Conrad. 12 fathoms.

Olivella intorta Carpenter. 15 fathoms, sand; occurring with the

‘¢ sand-dollars.”’

Marginella jewettii Carpenter. Between tides; dead, but good

shells common on the beach.

Marginella pyriformis Carpenter. Shore to 12 fathoms.

Marginella regularis Carpenter. 12 fathoms; with the preceding.

Mitra maura Swainson. 12 fathoms; several specimens. One

magnificent live individual was nearly three inches long.

Mitromorpha filosa Carpenter. Between tides.

Mitromorpha aspera Carpenter. 12 fathoms.

Fusus luteopictus Dall. On and under stones between tides ; not

rare.

Fusus robustus Trask. 12 fathoms; living; occasional examples.

Nassa mendica Gould. 12 fathoms; evidently exceedingly com-

mon at moderate depths. |

Nassa mendica, var. coopert Forbes. With the preceding and

perhaps even more common.

Nassa perpinguis Hinds. 12 fathoms; few obtained.

Nassa fossata Gould. Fishermen.

Nassa californiana Conrad. Fishermen and a few examples

dredged in 40 fathoms, off Moss Landing.

Amphissa versicolor Dall. Exceedingly common from the shore

into 12 fathoms.

THE NAUTILUS. 41

Columbella aurantiaca Dall. Between tides; rare.

Columbella tuberosa Carpenter. Low tide to fifteen fathoms ;

common. ;

Columbella gausapata Gould. Common from the shore line to

12 fathoms.

Columbella gausapata, var. cartnata Hinds. With the preceding

and in greater numbers.

Murex carpenteri Dall. 12 fathoms; one of the finest species in

the Bay. It is very different in appearance from the W. carpentert

of San Pedro.

Murex petri Dall. A few young shells referred to this species by

Dr. Dall were dredged with Jf. carpenteri and the Calliostoma in the

blue-clay region.

Murex foliatus Martyn. 12 fathoms; with the preceding; three

or four splendid examples.

Murex nuttalli Conrad. At low tide.

Murex ( Ocinebra) barbarensis Gabb. 12 fathoms ; two good live

and several dead shells.

Murex ( Ocinebra) squamuliferus Carpenter. Two living examples

dredged with the preceding.

Murex ( Ocinebra) gracillimus Stearns. Between tides.

Murex ( Ocinebra) circumtextus Stearns. Fairly common at low

tide. The specimens run much larger than in the southern part of

the state.

Murex (Ocinebra) luridus Middendorf. Between tides; rather

common. Specimens were found connecting this species with the

following variety.

Murex (Ocinebra) luridus, var. asperus Baird. Between tides ;

not common.

Murex (Ocinebra) luridus, var. mundus Carpenter. Between

tides ; less common than typical duridus.

Murex (Ocinebra) interfossus Carpenter. Shore to 15 fathoms ;

not uncommon.

Murex ( Ocinebra) peritus Hinds. One living specimen found at

low tide.

Murex ( Ocinebra) subangulatus Stearns. Low tide; one specimen.

Purpura saxicola Valenciennes. Between tides; very common.

Purpura lima Martyn. Between tides; rare.

Monoceros lapilloides Conrad. Between tides.

42 THE NAUTILUS.

Scala hindsii Carpenter. Between tides; the most common

species of the genus. It may be found living by searching among

the sea-anemones.

Scala subcoronata Carpenter. With the preceding, but less

abundant.

Scala crebricostata Carpenter. Living at 12 fathoms, off Del

Monte, and dead on the beach at Santa Cruz.

Scala berryi Dall. A small species occurring in almost every

dredge haul in some localities, but good specimens rare. 12 fathoms.

Scala rectilaminata Dall. 15 fathoms. (NavrTiLus, xx, p. 127.)

Scala (Cirsotrema) montereyensis Dall. 25 fathoms.

Scala (Opalia) borealis Gould. Between tides rather rare.

Scala (Opalia) pluricostata Carpenter. 12 fathoms; one speci-

men.

Scala ( Opalia) spongiosa Carpenter. Two specimens of this pretty,

but tiny species. 12 fathoms.

Hulima rutila Carpenter. 12 fathoms; rather scarce.

Eulima thersites Carpenter. With the above. Living example

rare.

Turbonilla aurantia Carpenter. 12 fathoms.

Turbonilla (Mormula) tridentata Carpenter. 12 fathoms.

Turbonilla ( Strioturbonilla) torquata Gould. 12 fathoms.

Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) serre. Dall& Bartsch. 12 fathoms.

All of these are rare species, this being of most often occurrence.

Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) vancouverensis Baird. 28 fathoms ;

one living specimen.

Turbonilla (sp. undet.). 12 fathoms.

Odostomia (Chrysallida) oregona Dall and Bartsch. Rare; 12

fathoms.

Odostomia (Chrysallida) montereyensis Dall and Bartch. 12

fathoms ; not so rare as most of the other Odostomia.

Odostomia (Amaura) montereyensis Dall and Bartsch. 12 fathoms.

Odostomia (lolea) amianta Dall and Bartsch. 12 fathoms; not

infrequent.

Odostomia (Hvalea) straminea Carpenter. On abalone shells

brought up from just below the low-tide mark. Common, but found

in no other locality.

Odostomia (Evalea) angularis Dall and Bartsch. Shore line to

12 fathoms; rare.

THE NAUTILUS. 43

Odostomia (Ividea) navisa Dall and Bartch. 12 fathoms.

Odostomia (Hvalea) valdezi Dall and Bartch. 12 fathoms, two

specimens.

Priene oregonense Redfield. Fishermen ; rare.

Gyrineum californicum Hinds. Fishermen. Also dredged in 12

fathoms. Of rather frequent occurrence.

Pedicularia californica Newcomb. On corals brought in by the

fishermen. One beautiful specimen is over haif an inch in diameter.

Trivia californica Gray. 12 fathoms; one live specimen.

Radius variabilis C. B. Adams. The dealers and fishermen often

show examples of this species said to have been found in the bay, but

the first really authentic specimen from Monterey seen by the writer,

was a single immature specimen dredged by him. 12 fathoms ;

living.

Radius barbarensis, Dall. Fishermen. Quite rare. The only

specimen obtained is over an inch in length and one of the most

beautiful products of the bay.

Erato columbella Menke. Low tide.

Erato vitellina Menke. Several beautiful examples were found

alive at low tide.

Triforis adversus Montagu. Between tides.

Triforis montereyensis Bartsch. 12 fathoms; a single broken

specimen.

Metaxia diadema Bartsch. 12 to 28 fathoms; rare.

Seila assimilata C. B. Adams. Between tides.

Cerithiopsis purpurea Carpenter. Between tides. Dead shells

common.

Cerithiopsis munita Carpenter. 12 fathoms.

Cerithiopsis tuberculata Carpenter. Low tide.

Cerithiopsis interfossa Carpenter. On the beach; one specimen.

Bittium filosum Gould. Between tides; plentiful.

Bittium esuriens Carpenter. Between tides; not common.

Caecum californicum Dall. 12 fathoms; plentiful.

Caecum quadratum Carpenter. Found occasionally with the pre-

ceding.

Caecum crebricinctum Carpenter. Rather commonly with the

preceding. The specimens were unusually large and fine.

Vermetus lituella Carpenter. Between tides.

Vermetus squamigerus Carpenter. Between tides; not common.

44 THE NAUTILUS.

Bivonia compacta Carpenter. Shore to 25 fathoms. Found

either singly or in contorted masses and not at all rare.

Littorina planaxis Nuttall. Abundant.

Littorina scutulata Gould. Abundant.

Lacuna unifasciata Carpenter. Dead shells common and living

individuals not rare at low tide.

Fossarus (Isapis) fenestratus Carpenter. Shore to 12 fathoms.

Diala marmorea Carpenter. Shore to 12 fathoms.

Rissoa acutilirata Carpenter. 12 to 25 fathoms; plentiful, but

usually dead.

Rissoina bakert Bartsch. 12 to 25 fathoms; rare.

Lissoina purpurea Dall. 12 fathoms; a single specimen.

Barleia haliotiphila Carpenter. Between tides; plentiful.

Calyptrea mamillaris Broderip. 12 fathoms; no living specimens

found.

Crepidula adunca Sowerby. Shore to 20 fathoms and everywhere

plentiful. Found almost invariably on shore attached to the shells

of the black turban, Chlorostoma funebrale. Specimens dredged

were usually of a lighter color, deeper, and distorted.

Crepidula nivea Gould. Found at low tide, adhering to the under

surfaces of stones.

Crepidula dorsata Broderip. Low tide to 20 fathoms, particularly

among sponges and kelp-roots.

Crepidula lessontt Broderip. Low tide to 20 fathoms; rather un-

common, but usually in old holes of Pholads, ete.

Amalthea antiquata Linné. Found in large colonies attached to

the under surfaces of rocks at the Big Tide Pool.

Lunatia lewistt Gould. Fishermen, ete. Not rare.

Lunatia draconis Dall. Fishermen, etc. Also dredged alive in

12 fathoms of water. An examination of a number of individuals.

of each of these species, as to whether the shells showed any very

noticeable sexual differences failed to reveal anything striking.

Hunaticina oldroydii Dall. Fishermen, etc. None were dredged

by our party, though this mollusk seems to be a characteristic feature

of the Bay.

Velutina levigata Linné. 12 fathoms; one immature shell.

Lamellaria rhombica Dall. 15 fathoms; living; one specimen.

Acmaea asmi Middendorf. Not rare on the shells of the black

turban (Chlorostoma), but occurring nowhere else. Perhaps this is.

a case of commensalism.

THE NAUTILUS. 45

Acmaea incessa Hinds. On seaweed at low tide.

Acmaea instabilis Gould. With the preceding.

Acmaea triangularis Carpenter. 12 fathoms. Not rare among

red sponge on the hard clay and always accompanied by the follow-

ing species.

Acmaea rosacea Carpenter. 12 fathoms; all quite small speci-

mens. Also on shore.

Acmaea mitra Eschscholtz. Between tides, but usually far out on

exposed rocks. Shells always encrusted with a growth of “ coral-

line,” etc.

Acmaea patina Eschscholtz. Between tides; plentiful.

Acmaea patina, var. scutum. Between tides.

Acmaea patina, var. fenestrata Nuttall. Between tides; rather

rare,

Acmaea scabra Reeve. Between tides; abundant.

Acmaea pelta Eschscholtz. Between tides; common.

Acmaea pelta, var. nacelloides Dali. Between tides; not rare.

Acmaea persona Eschscholtz. Between tides; common.

Acmaea spectrum Nuttall. Between tides; common.

Acmaea (Lottia) gigantea Gray. Between tides; abundant.

Phasianella compta Gould. Shore line to 12 fathoms.

Phasianella (compta, var.) pullotides Carpenter. With the pre-

ceding.

EHucosmia variegata Carpenter. Between tides ; uncommon.

EHulithidium substriatum Carpenter. A few specimens dredged at

12 fathoms depth. .

Pachypoma inequale Martyn. One of the finest species in the

region. It occurs all the way from low water mark at least down to

a depth of fifteen fathoms and is by no means rare. A few speci-

mens obtained are extraordinarily large and heavy. ;

Leptothyra bacula Carpenter. Between tides; common,

Leptothyra paucicostata Dall. Between tides; one poor specimen.

Leptothyra carpentert Pilsbry. Between tides; common. Also

to 20 fathoms depth.

_ Norrissia norrissii Sowerby. 12 fathoms; one very yonng speci-

men.

Calliostoma annulatum Martyn. 12 fathoms; not rare. Several

beautiful examples of this exquisite species.

Calliostoma canaliculatum Martyn. 12 fathoms, and a number of

46 THE NAUTILUS.

exceptionally large examples obtained from the Chinamen. Young

specimens were often found living also at the low water mark.

Calliostoma costatum Martyn. Shore to 12 fathoms; common.

Young specimens often lined with bright blue.

Calliostoma supragranosum Carpenter. Low tide to 12 fathoms;

rare.

Calliostoma splendens Carpenter. 12 fathoms; quite rare.

Calliostoma gloriosum Dall. Dead shells on shore, and a few

living but small specimens dredged in 12 fathoms of water.

Margarita lirulata Carpenter. Between tides ; common.

Margarita pupilla Gould. A few specimens were found at low

tide. They are of the form known as var. salmonea Carpenter.

Gibbula parcipicta Carpenter (= M lirulata var.). 12 fathoms.

Chlorostoma funebrale A. Adams. Between tides ; abundant.

Chlorostoma brunneum Philippi. C. funebrale covers the rocks

everywhere, but one must go at low tide to successfully search for

C. brunneum, although it is common.

Chlorostoma montereyi Kiener, 12 fathoms; dead. Also from

the fishermen. |

Chlorostoma pulligo Martyn. 12 fathoms; not rare but usually

rather small.

Halistylus pupoides Carpenter. 12 fathoms; common, occurring

invariably with Caecum crebricinctum, and the two species run

through the same variations in color.

Scissilabra dalli Bartsch. 12 fathoms; one specimen.

Liotia acuticostata Carpenter. 12 fathoms.

Vitrinella eshnauri Bartsch. 12 fathoms.

Vitrinella berryi Bartsch. 12 fathoms. Described with other

Vitrinellide in the Proceedings of the United States National

Museum, Vol. XXXII, pp. 167, 176.

Cyclostremella californica Bartsch. 12 fathoms,

Haliotis cracherodii Leach. Between tides; abundant.

Haliotis rufescens Swainson. Especially plentiful just below low

water mark.

Haliotis gigantea Chemnitz. 15 fathoms; one dead shell. An

animal and shell in alcohol among the laboratory collections was un-

doubtedly collected in the bay. Both specimens were but two or

three inches long.

Fissurella voleano Reeve. Between tides to 12 fathoms ; common.

THE NAUTILUS. 47

Fissuridea aspera Eschscholtz. Between tides to 12 fathoms ; not

rare. |

Fissuridea murina Dall. Shore to 12 fathoms; some specimens

quite fresh but all dead and then not of common occurrence.

Lucapina crenulata Sowerby. Low tide.

Megatebennus bimaculatus Dall. Quite a number found alive at

low tide.

Subemarginula yatesi Dall. <A single fine specimen was obtained

which had been brought in by fishermen from deep water. It is.

evidently extremely rare.

Puncturella cucullata Gould. 12 fathoms. This also seems to

be quite rare in this locality, though one living and several dead

shells were dredged from a depth of twelve fathoms.

Lepidopleurus rugatus Carpenter. Not rare at low tide.

Lepidopleurus ambustus Dall. Several examples were found on

the fragments of blue clay dredged in 12 fathoms of water.

Lepidopleurus (Oldroydia) percrassus Dall. 12 fathoms. On the

blue clay with the other chitons were found two fine specimens.

Tonicella lineata Wood. Between tides to 12 fathoms. The

species does not run so large here as further north, but is often very

beautifully colored.

Trachydermon ruber Lowe. 12 fathoms; one specimen. It was

a surprise to find this cold-water species at Monterey.

Trachydermon hartwegii Carpenter. Common on the rocks be-

tween tides everywhere.

(To be concluded. )

NOTES.

Appirions to the ‘“* Catalogue of the Shell Bearing Mollusca of

Rhode Island,” 1889, are the following :

Lucina filosa, Stimps.

Odostomia impressa, Say.

Pisidium Streatori, Sterki.

Pisidium Roperi, Sterki.

Pisidium Noveboracense, Prime.—H. F. CARPENTER.

OysTeRS ARE WILD ANIMALS.—* Domesticated, tame or garden

oysters are assessable as personal property, according to an opinion

48 THE NAUTILUS.

of Attorney-General Jackson, written in answer to a query addressed

to the tax commission by G. Frank Tuthill, supervisor of the town

of Southold, inquiring whether oyster beds should be assessed as real

or personal property and to what purpose the taxes derived there-

from are to be devoted. The courts have held, says Mr. Jackson,

that oysters are wild animals and become personal property when

they are reclaimed or artificially planted. Such domesticated, tame

or ‘garden’ oysters would be assessable as personal property under

the ordinary rules.”—( Boston Globe.)

STUDENTS of the Unionidze may be interested to know that on

June 10th 1 have collected a number of female Tritogonia tuber-

culata (Barnes) gravid. All four branchiz were charged with ova.

More details will be communicated later.—V. SrERKI.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

A PRELIMINARY CATALOGUE OF THE LAND AND FRESH-WATER

Mo.uuusca oF Onto. By V. Sterki (Proc. Ohio State Acad. of

Science, iv, part 8). This very valuable addition to our State cata-

logues gives an epitome of Dr. Sterki’s work in Ohio in the past

twenty years, with such other species as have been reported on good

authority from the State. The total number, 310 species, is prob-

ably exceeded by no Northern State. Attention is called to species

which should specially be looked for in Ohio, such as Gastrodonta

gularis, Omphalina levigata, etc. A separate list is given of species

from pleistocene deposits. Dr. Sterki’s notes on the various species

will be read with interest by those engaged in similar studies, his

intimate acquaintance with inland mollusks giving weight to the

views expressed.

A New Parasitic MoLtiusk oF THE Genus EvLima. By

Paul Bartsch (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1907). . ptilocrinicola lives

parasitic on Ptilocrinus pinnatus Clark, dredged by the steamer

Albatross off British Columbia in 1588 fms. The proboscis is deeply

inserted in the side of the body of the crinoid. This is like Stylifer,

yet the apex is not mucronate as in that genus, and there is an oper-

culum. ‘The largest specimen is 9.5 mm. long.

THE NAUTILUS.

VoL. XXI. SEPTEMBER, 1907. No. 5.

NOTES ON SOME EXOTIC UNIONIDZE.

BY L. 8. FRIERSON. “

The collation of some private notes upon The Synopsis of the

Naiades by Mr. Chas. T. Simpson called my attention to several

errors in this great work. In the Synopsis Mr. Simpson dealt not

only with a great number of species, but with an enormous mass of

references to an involved and difficult literature. The following

notes are therefore offered in no unduly critical spirit.

Unio Giegas (Swainson) Sby., U. cuminer Lea.

Page 608, Mr. Simpson places (it is true, somewhat in doubt) as

a synonym of 7ritogonia tuberculata, Barnes, the figure of Unio gigas,

Swainson (Sowerby, in Conchologia Iconica xvi, 1867, Plate LVI,

fig 287).

This really fine figure has been totally misunderstood by both Mr.

Simpson and Mr. R. E. Call, the latter having more than once re-

ferred it to Unio multiplicatus Lea. It is probable that the habitat

assigned the shell by Sowerby—the Ohio river—is responsible for

these singularly poor determinations. Mr. Lea was not much mis-

led by the habitat, for in his synopsis he placed it among the for-

eign shells, and in his scheme of classification he placed U. gigas im-

mediately next to his Unio cumingii. The fact is that gigas is

only an adult cumingi. The type of the latter was a shell not one-

third grown, and hence only slightly resembling a full-grown speci-

men,

50 THE NAUTILUS.

As Mr. Lea afterwards received several large cumingii he was

of course acquainted with its appearance, and hence his placing the

two shells together. But the tenacity with which Mr. Lea ‘hung

on”’ to his names is an old story, and accounts for his placing them

as allied but distinct species, in his classification.

However, even though synonymous with each other, it is probable

that gigas has not precedence, since it was published by Sowerby

long after Lea’s U. cumingii. Moreover, U. gigas Sowerby is prob-

ably not the undescribed U. gigas of Swainson.

An adult specimen of the species under discussion is illustrated on

Plate VI, from the writer’s collection. It is 209 mm. long, and was

received from China.

The remains of the high wing, and the broad biangulated posterior,

the purplish color inside, and the wrinkled umbones amply distinguish

U. gigas (cumingit) from either of the shells with which it was:

united by Mr. Simpson and Mr. Call.

ANODON MORETONIANUS Sowerby,

On page 925 of the synopsis Mr. Simpson makes a variety

moretonianus Sowerby of Gilabaris trapesialis Lamarck. The

variety being shown in Sowerby, Conchologia Iconica xvii, 1867,

Pl. IX, fig. 20. This appears to be a singular error. The shell

figured not only is not trapesialis Lk., but is nothing like it. It is

more than probable that Mr. Simpson in haste, made a ‘‘ lapsus

penne” and really intended to make a variety susanne Gray; for

this shell ¢s close to, if not identical with trapesialis, and is figured

on the same plate to which we are referred. But be this as it may,

the Anodon moretonianus of Sowerby (as of Lea) is nothing like

Glabaris trapesialis Lam.

UNIO PLICATULUS Lea.

A singular /apsus seems to have been made on page 353 when the

genus Ctenodesma is described and the type assigned is the Unio

borneensis Issel, better known perhaps as the U. plicatulus of Lea.

But there can be but little doubt that this shell (i. e., the U.

plicatulus Lea.) is not a member of the Ctenodesma at all, but un-

questionably belongs to the next described genus Mectidens.

THE NAUTILUS. 51

MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF MONTEREY BAY, CALIFORNIA.

BY S. S. BERRY.

(Concluded from page 47.)

Trachydermon flectens var. montereyensis Bartsch. 12 fathoms ;

several specimens.

Chaetopleura gemmea Carpenter. Low tide to 12 fathoms; quite

common in places. Most of the specimens are a rather bright

orange-red in color.

Chaetopleura rosetta Bartsch. A very small species dredged in

12 fathoms depth. One specimen was likewise found at low tide.

Ischnochiton magdalenensis Hinds. This is the commonest shore

chiton and lives under boulders in dozens. The young specimens

are often very handsome and vary considerably in coloration and

marking,

Ischnochiton mertensii Middendorf. Low tide to 12 fathoms.

Not rare. This is also a variable species as regards color and mark-

ings, though generally of a brownish-red. The sculpture of fine

specimens is wonderfully distinct and is but rarely obscured by for-

eign growths, or eroded as in the case of so many of the other species.

Ischnochiton cooperi Carpenter. Low tide; but few found.

Ischnochiton clathratus Reeve. A single oddly-marked specimen

was found at low tide by a fellow-student at the laboratory.

Ischnochiton radians Carpenter. Low tide to 12 fathoms. Two

of the specimens found were nearly black, almost unmarked, and

with so exactly similar a color pattern (not in the least intergrading

with the ordinary form) that the writer was very doubtful as to

whether they were properly referred to this species, but they were

identified as radians by Dr. Dall. They seem at least a very well

marked variety.

Ischnochiton berryi Bartsch. Six adult specimens and a young

one were found in the crevices of the blue clay from 12 fathoms.

They were generally living with a purplish sponge which they re-

sembled in color. The largest specimen taken measured one and a-

half centimeters in length in the living state.

Ischnochiton veredentiens Carpenter. 12 fathoms; two or three

specimens.

Ischnochiton regularis Carpenter. Three or four specimens were

found at low tide. I am told that this is generally a common species

around Pacific Grove, but we did not find it so.

52 THE NAUTILUS.

Callistochiton palmulatus Carpenter. 22 fathoms. Two speci-

mens.

Callistochiton palmulatus var. mirabilis Pilsbry. Low tide; not

rare.

Callistochiton crassicostatus Pillsbry. Low tide ; not rare.

Nuttallina californica Nuttall. Exceedingly common between

tides on the rocks.

Mopalia muscosa Gould. Low tide to 12 fathoms. Very common.

Mopalia hindsii Sowerby. Low tide; not rare. No specimens

showing any intergradation between this species and the preceding

or the next were observed.

Mopalia lignosa Gould. Between tides ; common.

Mopalia ciliata Sowerby. 12 fathoms; four specimens. All the

specimens taken were predominantly red in color, but sometimes

mottled with white, brown and green. A very striking and hand-

some species.

Mopalia ciliata var. wossnesenskii Middendorf. 12 fathoms; one

specimen.

Placiphorella velata Carpenter. A number of specimens of this

interesting species were found at low tide.

Katherina tunicata Sowerby. Several specimens were obtained

far out on the rocks among the mussels.

Cryptochiton stelleri Middendorf. A few specimens found at low

tide.

In conclusion it may be well to call attention to several interest-

ing features of Monterey’s mollusk fauna which are presented by the

foregoing list: the extraordinary development of the chitons (some

twenty-six species and four varieties); the large representation of

Ocinebra (ten species and varieties), of Scala (eight species), and of

the Pyramidellidae (fourteen species); and the prominence of

Acmaeidae in the shore fauna, both as regards number of species and

varieties (fifteen) and of individuals.

TWO NEW SPECIES OF LYMNEA.

/

BY FRANK COLLINS BAKER.

LYMNZA JAOKSONENSIS 0. sp.

Limnea catascopium Binney (part), Land and Fresh-water Shells

of North America, II, 1865, p. 56, fig. 86, two central figures.

THE NAUTILUS. oo

Shell ovately fusiform, solid; color very dark horn; surface shining,

lines of growth coarse, crossed by deeply incised spiral lines sagrinat-

ing the surface; one or two rest periods are discernible as longitudinal

bands on the body whorl or spire; apex smooth, very dark chestnut

color; whorls 54, rounded, rather rapidly increasing in size; body

whorl large, ovately-inflated; sutures well impressed; spire about

equal to the aperture in length, broadly conical; aperture regularly

elongate-ovate, narrowed at both ends, somewhat effuse anteriorly;

outer lip with a chestnut-bordered internal lip; inner lip in the adult

rather broadly reflected over the umbilicus, leaving a small, narrow

chink; juvenile specimens are almost imperforate; parietal callus

rather heavy in some specimens, in which case making a continuous

peritreme; axis very slightly twisted; columella with a well-marked

fold, more strikingly developed in young than in old specimens.

Length 19.0, width 10.0, aperture length 10.1, width 5.0, mm.

Length 16.5, width 9.5, aperture length 9.1, width 4.8, mm.

Length 14.5, width 8.5, aperture length 8.5, width 4.0, mm.

Length 14.0, width 7.5, aperture length 7.5, width 3.4, mm.

Length 12.5, width 7.5, aperture length 8.0, width 3.5, mm.

Types: Chicago Academy of Sciences, 6 specimens.

Cotypes: Collections of Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., and of A. A.

Hinkley.

Type locality: Jackson Lake, drained by the south fork of the

Snake River, Wyoming.

Records: Oregon: Grindstone Creek (Hayden, Smithsonian col-

lection). Wyoming: Jackson Lake; Philips Lake, eight miles north

of Jackson Lake (H. O. Hinkley, A. A. Hinkley).

Remarks: This species was received from Mr. A. A. Hinkley, of

Du Bois, Illinois, under the name of Z. binneyt. Comparison with

Tryon’s types at once showed that it was not that species, which is

larger, of a different color and with a differently-shaped shell, inner

lip, umbilicus, etc. It approaches L. gabbi Tryon, but the aperture

is more regularly elongate-ovate, the whorls are rounder, the inner

lip is broader, there is an umbilical chink and the whole shell is

more fusiform. Comparison has been made with Tryon’s types and

with a set in the Chicago Academy of Sciences received from Tryon

from the original lot. ‘The species resembles very closely in color

and in the form of the columella certain forms of apicina (=solida

preoccupied) but the spire of jacksonensis is longer and the aperture,

narrower.

54 THE NAUTILUS.

It has some resemblance to L. catascopium but the columella is

quite different and the aperture is differently shaped. Binney’s two

central figures in Land and F.-W. Shells, fig. 86 accurately picture

the species and the original specimens in the Smithsonian (No. 8304)

seem to be the same. It has probably been named binneyi or solida

in collections but it seems to be a distinct species, related to the

binneyt-solida-catascopium group of Lymneas. Mr. H. O. Hinkley

collected the specimens.

LYMN#ZA PSEUDOPINGUIS DN. sp.

Shell globose or globosely ovate, thin and fragile; color very light

corneous inclining to yellowish, sometimes brownish; surface dull to

shining, but not polished, growth lines very heavy and spiral lines

deeply incised; whorls 4 4, rounded; the body-whorl globosely inflated,

the whorls increase very rapidly in size, the last whorl occupying from

3 to of the length of the shell; spire usually short, depressed, dome-

like, sometimes more elongated; sutures well-marked, bordered below

by a wide, yellowish band; aperture ovate or roundly-ovate, some-

times a trifle expanded and somewhat effuse anteriorly; inner lip

rather broadly expanded, triangular, reflected over but not closing

the umbilicus, which is a conspicuous chink; there is no columellar

plait in-the majority of specimens; the parietal callus is very thin or

wholly lacking. ‘The axis is but slightly twisted.

Length 9.0, width 6.5, aperture length 6.0, width 3.5, mm.

Length 9.0, width 6.0, aperture length 6.0, width 3.5, mm.

Length 9.5, width 6.75, aperture length 6.5, width 3.5, mm.

Length 8.2, width 5.5, aperture length 5.4, width 3.0, mm.

Length 8.0, width 5.5, aperture length 5.0, width 3.0, mm.

Length 14.0, width 8.0, aperture length 8.0, width 4.3, mm.

Length 12.5, width 7.5, aperture length 7.3, width 4.0, mm.

Length 11.0, width 7.0, aperture length 7.0, width 3.5, mm.

Length 7.2, width 5.0, aperture length 5.0, width 8.0, mm. Mt.

Sinai.

Length 7.5, width 5.0, aperture length 5.0, width 2.5, mm. Mt.

Sinai.

Types: Chicago Academy of Sciences; Cotypes, collection Miss

Mary Walker, Buffalo, N. Y., Mr. Bryant Walker, Detroit, Mich.,

Academy Natural Sciences, Philadelphia and the Smithsonian Insti-

tution, Washington.

7

THE NAUTILUS XXI PLATE V.

13

4-10, PACH YCHEILUS VALLESENSIS, 41, POLYGYRA POLITS.

142, P,. AULACOMPHALA. 13, PALUDESTRINA TAMPICOENS:S.

THE NAUTILUS XXI. PLATE VI.

UNIO GIGAS ‘SWAINS.’ SOWB (HYRIOPSIS CUMINGII LEA). CHINA.

(About %% nat. size).

THE NAUTILUS. 55

Type locality: Crystal Brook, Long Island, N. Y.

Records: Crystal Brook and Mt. Sinai, Long Island, N. Y.

Habitat: In salt or brackish water, ‘‘ at low tide in shore of bay fed

by springs ”’ (Crystal Brook) ; in ice-cold spring (Mt. Sinai.)

Remarks: This peculiar Lymneza has been somewhat of a puzzle

fora long time. It was at first thought to be a variety of L. cata-

scoptum pinguis but it differs from that form in its thinner shell, more

globose form, more dome-shaped spire and particularly in its triangu-

lar, smooth, reflected inner lip and distinct umbilical chink, The

form of the shell and of the inner lip resembles the bulimoides group

of Lymneas of the subgenus Galba.

It is probably a variation from the catascopium stock, produced by

unfavorable conditions, which have dwarfed the shell. It is asigni-

ficant fact that the icy-cold spring at Mt. Sinai has produced the

same shell characteristics as the brackish water of Crystal Brook.

There is some variation in the height of the spire in the numerous

specimens examined, some individuals having an elongated spire a

trifle less than the aperture in length, while in others the spire is

less than half the length of the aperture. This shell also varies in

corpulency. The inner lip is peculiar and, together with the form of

shell, will easily separate this species from catascopium, its nearest

ally.

The shell was first brought to the notice of the writer by Miss

Mary Walker of Buffalo, N. Y., who suggested its resemblance to L.

bulimoides, and later by Mr. Bryant Walker, of Detroit, Michigan.

ANNOTATED LIST OF THE MOLLUSCA FOUND IN THE VICINITY OF

LA JOLLA, 8AN DIEGO CO., CAL.

a

BY MAXWELL SMITH.

Several winters ago I spent a few months at La Jolla, California.

Here an old friend, Mr. Joshua L. Bailey, initiated me in the study

of shells. The town lies twelve miles north of San Diego, directly on

the coast, and at the base of Mount Soledad. Alternate stretches of

beach and rock, caves and muddy shores, afford a congenial home

for mollusks. Miniature canyons slope from the hills down to the

coast. On the sides of these are found two species of land shells. A

56 THE NAUTILUS.

short distance to the south stands Pacific Beach, facing both False

Bay and the ocean. Several miles to the north are the Torrey

Pines. Here stand, on the bluffs overlooking the sea, splendid spe-

cimens of Pinus torreyanus. At the base of these cliffs, in a wild

spot, a number of interesting finds were made.

Where no locality is given the species is understood to have been

found at La Jolla. No dredging was done. Species found on the

surface of anemones are marked with a star.

Ostrea lurida, Cpr. False Bay. On stones.

Anomia macroschisma, Desh. After storms.

Anomia lampe, Gray. False Bay. Not rare, but difficult to de-

tach from rocks.

Pecten equisulcatus, Cpr. False Bay. In mud.

Pecten monotimeris, Conr. Washed ashore on kelp.

Hinnites giganteus, Gray. Single valves.

Lima dehiscens, Conr. Several specimens.

Modiolus californianus, Conr. On rocks.

Septifer bifurcatus, Conr. With above.

Adula faleata, Gld. In soft rock.

Lithophaga plumula, Hanl. <A few in rock.

Arca reticulata, Gmel. One alive under stone.

Barbatia gradata, Sby. Many examples under stones.

*Cardita subquadrata, Cpr. Uncommon.

Milneria minima, Dall. On spire of Haliotis.

Diplodonta orbella, Gld. A few at very low tide.

Chama exogyra, Conr. Mostly dead.

Chama pellucida, Sowb. Beautiful examples.

Cardium substriatum, Conr. Small shells.

Cardium quadrigenarium, Conr. Brought in by fishermen.

Tivela stultorum, Mawe. In the sand.

Amiantis callosa, Con. False Bay. A few good examples.

Tapes staminea, Conr. With Donax.

Chione succincta, Val. <A few living.

Chione undatella, Sby. Pacific Beach. Several examples.

Petricola carditoides, Conr. In rock.

Donax laevigata, Desh. Very abundant in sand.

Heterodonax bimaculatus, D’Orb. Pacific Beach. Soft parts

gone.

Tagelus californianus, Conr. Pacific Beach. Living in mud

banks,

THE NAUTILUS. iy |

Sanguinolaria nuttallii, Conr. False Bay. Mostly dead shells.

Tellina bodegensis, Hinds. Pacific Beach. Single valves.

Metis alta, Conr. False Bay. One example.

Macoma nasuta, Conr. Not rare.

Semele decisa, Conr. Pacific Beach. A single valve.

Semele rupium, Sby. A few beautiful examples.

Lyonsia californica, Conr. False Bay. Fine shells in the drift.

Pandora bicarinata, Cpr. Pacific Beach. Many single valves.

Platyodon cancellatus, Conr. Torrey Pines. Fresh specimens.

Solen rosaceus, Cpr. False Bay. Young specimens.

Parapholas californica, Conr. Not rare with Adula.

Penitella penita, Conr. In soft rock.

Dentalium neohexagonum, 8. & P. Pacific Beach. In sand.

*Cadulus quadrifissus, Cpr. One fine shell.

*Cavolinia tridentata, Forsk. Worn specimens.

Actaeon punctocaelatus, Cpr. False Bay. Among the drift.

*Tornatina culcitella, Gld. A single young specimen.

Tornatina cerealis, Gld. False Bay. Abundant in drift.

Bulla gouldiana, Pils. False Bay. Very plentiful.

Haminea vesicula, Gld. False Bay. Empty shells.

Haminea virescens, Sby. South La Jolla. On alga-covered

rocks.

Tylodina fungina, Gabb. On brown algae.

*Pedipes unisulcatus, J. G. C. Several hundred in two days.

Melampus olivaceus, Cpr. False Bay. Abundant with Ceri-

thidea.

Siphonaria peltoides, Cpr. One washed ashore.

Gadinia reticulata, Sby. On the beaches.

Physa sp. indet. In a small reservoir back of the town.

Succinea rustica, Gld. San Diego Mission. On the muddy banks

of a small stream.

Helix aspersa, Muller. I took several dozen to the town and re-

leased them in a garden. ‘Today they may still be found.

Epiphragmophora tudiculata, Binney. Among the roots of cacti.

Epiphragmophora stearnsiana, Gabb. False Bay. <A few speci-

mens on the beach, probably washed from Point Loma.

Glyptostoma newberryanum, W. G. B. Plentiful ten miles in-

land.

Terebra simplex, Cpr. Pacific Beach. Uncommon.

58 THE NAUTILUS.

Conus californicus, Hds. Plentiful under rocks.

Pleurotoma carpenteriana, Gabb. Torrey Pines. Several dozen.

Drillia moesta, Cpr. Under stones.

Drillia inermis, Hds. Pacific Beach. Several specimens.

Drillia penicillata, Cpr. Mostly dead.

*Mangilia striosa, C. Adams. Fine large specimens.

Cancellaria cooperi, Gabb. Torrey Pines. One example.

Olivella biplicata, Sby. Common in the sand.

Olivella pedroana, Conr. With above.

Marginella jewettii, Cpr. Several worn specimens.

*Marginella pyriformis, Cpr. Plentiful.

Marginella varia, Sby. Living, under stones.

Mitra maura, Swain. Several found living. The pure white

animal contrasts strongly with the dark shell.

Mitromorpha aspersa, Cpr. Rare.

*Mitromorpha filosa, Cpr. Not plentiful.

Siphonalia kellettii, Fbs. Brought in by fishermen.

Macron lividus, A. Adams. Under stones.

Nassa fossata, Gld. One living shell.

Nassa mendica, Gld. Pacific Beach. A few worn specimens.

Nassa mendica, Gld., var. cooperi, Fbs. False Bay. One ex-

ample.

Nassa perpinguis, Hinds. Mostly inhabited by hermit crabs.

Nassa tegula, Rve. False Bay. Common in muddy stations.

Columbella guasapata, Gld. On eel-grass.

Columbella guasapata, Gld., var. carinata, Hds. With above.

Amphissa corrugata, Rve. Several found living.

* Amphissa versicolor, Dall. One shell.

Murex festivus Hds. Under rocks.

Murex incisus, Brod. Common in rock pools.

Murex nuttallii, Conr. Pacific Beach. Many examples.

Ocinebra interfossa, Cpr. On the beaches.

Ocinebra poulsoni, Mutt. Pacific Beach. With Murex festivus.

Ocinebra gracillima, Strs. Among drift.

Trophon belcheri, Hds. Brought in by fishermen.

Monoceros engonatum, Cpr. Not rare.

Monoceros lapilloides, Conr. Several living shells.

Scala crenatoides, Cpr. Crevices of rock.

Scala hindsii, Cpr. Common.

THE NAUTILUS. 59

Scala tincta, Cpr. Young specimens.

Janthina exigua, Lan. Found on beaches after storms.

Janthina sp. indet. False Bay. A single example.

*Eulima micans, Cpr. Several large shells.

*Eulima rutila, Cpr. One specimen.

*Eulima incurva, Ren. Bleached specimens.

Pyramidella conica, Ads., var. variegata, Cpr. A single example.

Turbonilla tridentata, Cooper. Large specimens.

*Odostomia nuciformis, Cpr. One fine shell.

(To be concluded.)

NOTES.

Norte on TRIviA PILULA KienerR.—This minute species, hereto-

fore known particularly through specimens from the Hawaiian

Islands, was described by Kiener in his ‘“Coquilles Vivantes,” (no

date, but about 1840) p. 151, pl. 54, f. 2, the habitat being then

unknown. It was mentioned by Reeve (Conch. Iconica, 1845, p. 56,

f. 524*) as a synonym of the very much larger West Indian species,

Tr. globosa Gray. Sowerby in his ‘* Thesaurus QConchyliorum ”

(1870), Melvill, in his paper on the ‘‘Survey of the Genus Cyprza,

(1888), and Roberts, in his monograph in Tryon’s Manual of Conch-

ology” (1885) all followed Reeve in this respect. Weinkauff, how-

ever, in his Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet” of Kuster (1881,

pp- 159, 152), deemed it entitled to specific rank. This view, in

which my study of these species has long since led me to concur, is

is now further confirmed by the opinions of three other conchologists

in the recent ‘‘ Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl

Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar—Supp. Rept. on the Mol-

luscan Shells, by Robert Standen and Alfred Leicester,” (1906).

Among the species found are mentioned both Jr. globosa and Tr.

ptlula (by typographical error named as “ Tr. fibula’’), with the re-

mark added, as to the last named species, that they ‘agree with

Mr. J. M. Williams (of Liverpool), to whom the specimens were

submitted, that they are not the same as Tr. globosa Gray.”

Frep L. Button.

THe ANcCEY COLLECTION OF SHELLS.—We learn that the col-

lection of shells of the late C. F. Ancey, of Mascara, Algeria, has

60 THE NAUTILUS.

been acquired by Monsieur Geret, Conchologist, 76 rue Faubourg,

St. Denis, Paris, France. This collection, which is one of the most

important in Land and Fresh-water shells, will be sold to suit

the purchaser. Collectors can from now on send to M. Geret to

reserve any species or type which they may desire from this mag-

nificent collection.

ANGELO HEILPRIN.

Professor Angelo Heilprin, the well-known naturalist died in New

York City, July 17. He was born in Hungary, March 31, 1853,

and came to the United States in 1856. He was Professor of In-

vertebrate Paleontology and Geology, (1880-1900), and Curator,

from 1883 to 1892 of the Academy of Natural Sciences, and Pro-

fessor of Geology at the Wagner Free Institute of Science 1585-90.

For several years past he held the Lectureship on Physical Geo-

graphy at Yale University.

While most of the works of Prof. Heilprin pertained to geology

and physical geography, there are a number which are of special

interest to conchologists. ‘* Animal Life of the Seashore,’ and the

‘Bermuda Islands’’: a contribution to the physical history and

zoology, both treat extensively of the mollusca. ‘ Explorations on

the West Coast of Florida”? (Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Vol.

I). On this expedition the richly fossiliferous pliocene of the Caloo-

sahatchie was discovered and many of the interesting species of

mollusks described, together with a number of those from the

‘¢silex-bearing marl” of Tampa Bay, now classed as Oligocene.

Professor Heilprin has also published numerous papers in the Pro-

ceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences. His later works deal

principally with volcanic phenomena, especially Mont Pelée, where

he was one of the first scientific observers on the ground.

Professor Heilprin possessed to an unusual degree the ability to

interest non-scientific people in scientific matters ; and to the inspira-

tion of his personal teaching many owe the beginnings of a deep

interest in geology, geography and other natural history studies.

Personally, Professor Heilprin was infectiously optimistic and confi-

dent. He successfully organized and Jed numerous scientific expe-

ditions ; and his death was due to the effects of a tropical fever, con-

tracted on an expedition to the Orinoco river, about a year ago.

mHE NAUTILUS.

Vor. XXI. OCTOBER, 1907. No. 6.

NOTES ON PLANORBIS.—I.

BY BRYANT WALKER, <a

PLANORBIS MULTIVOLVIS Case. Plate VIII.

This species was described by William Case, of Cleveland, O., in

1847 (Am. Jour. Sc. [2], II, p. 101), from specimens collected by

Captain B. A. Stannard, “in the northern part of Michigan.”

Most, if not all, of these specimens, apparently, were given by Case

to Dr. Gould, who distributed a few and deposited the balance in the

collection of the Boston Society of Natural History. Examples

were sent to the Cuming Collection (now in the British Museum),

from which the species was well illustrated in the Conchologia

Iconica by Sowerby, whose figures were copied in the Conchylien

Cabinet.

A single specimen found its way into the Jay Collection now in

the American Museum of Natural History, and another was given

to the Smithsonian Institution. Subsequently Dr. Gould gave sev-

eral specimens to Dr. W. H. Dall, which are now in the National

Museum. So far as I have been able to ascertain, the original lot is

not represented in any other collections.

From that time until 1906 nothing further has been known of the

species. In 1888 (J. of C., V, p. 330), on the authority of the late

Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., 1 announced the re-discovery of the long-lost

species in Marl Lake, Roscommon County, Mich. But a subse-

quent comparison with genuine specimens showed that the identifi-

cation was erroneous. The Marl Lake shells are probably P.

62 THE NAUTILUS.

campanulatus rudentis Dall (See Harriman Alaska Exped., XIII,

p. 90).

The citation of P. multivolvis from Newfoundland by Farrer in

1892 (Nauriuus, VI, p. 36) was, as stated by him, based on a com-

parison with the Marl Lake shells, and his specimens are apparently

referable to the same variety.

Through the kindness of Mr. E. A. Smith I have had the oppor-

tunity of examining specimens in the British Museum from Labrador

labelled “ multtvolvis.”” They are not that species, however, but a

form of P. campanulatus.

In the summer of 1906, Dr. Chas. A. Davis of Ann Arbor, Mich.,

while in the field for the State Geological Survey, had the great

good fortune to rediscover the genuine multivolvis on the north shore

of Howe Lake, Marquette County, Mich., about forty miles west of

the City of Marquette. Nine specimens only were obtained. Three

of these are figured on the plate (figs. 4 and 8 to 11) and for com-

parison with them are given figures of one of the original specimens

in the National Museum (figs. 1-3) and of the specimen in the Jay

Collection (figs. 5-7).

Through the kindness of Mr. L. P. Gratacap of the American

Museum, I have been able to make personal comparison of the latter

specimen with those from Howe Lake. As shown by these figures,

there can be no question as to the identity of the Howe Lake shells

with Case’s species. |

Both of the original specimens figured are apparently much less

elevated than the Howe Lake shells, but the upper whorls of the

‘‘ Jay’ specimen were badly eroded so that it was difficult to make

out the exact number of whorls, and the depressed spire of the

National Museum shell is evidently owing to the very irregular

growth, as shown in fig. 8. That some of the original lot were quite

as elevated as the Howe Lake specimen is shown by Sowerby’s figure

72a, for comparison with which fig. 4 is given. The dimensions of

this specimen are almost exactly the same as those of Sowerby’s

figure, and figure 4 would almost pass as an outline facsimile of the

other.

It is equally clear that multivolvis is a valid species and quite dis-

tinct from campanulatus. Compared with the latter it is distinguished

by its elevated spire with more numerous and narrower whorls and

the wide, deep umbilicus.

THE NAUTILUS. 63

An apparent peculiarity of Howe Lake shells is the very irregular

growth. Of the eight 1906 specimens before me only one (fig. 4) is

entirely regular in the coiling of the whorls. Of the others the

shell represented by figs. 9-11 is least distorted and figure 8 is most

so. That this was also a peculiarity of the original lot is shown by

figure 3.

P. multivolvis is apparently a scarce shell in Howe Lake at the pre-

sent time. Two visits there in July, 1907, each involving a careful

search of the entire north shore, only yielded three specimens. It

seems probable that the species lives in comparatively deep water

during the summer and only comes in towards shore, if at all, for

spawning purposes. Such seems to be the habit of the Lymnzide

in Pine Lake, Marquette County, which I have been familiar with

for more than ten years, and a similar habit has been noticed by

Kirkland in Lymnea mighelsi in Crystal Lake, Benzie Co., Mich.

(Navuritvs, XIV, p. 8.)

The dimensions of the specimens figured are as follows:

Major diam. Minor diam. Axis.

Riga, 1-3 ...... 14,00 mm. 11.50 mm. 6.00 mm.

Fig. 4 oeceee 16.25 mm, 13.00 mm. 9.00 mm,

Figs. 5-7 ......16.25 mm, 13.00 mm. 7.00 mm.

Fig. 8 oe3-ee-18.25 mm, 15.25 mm. 8.25 mm.

Figs. 9-11...... 18.00 mm. 15.00 mm. 9.00 mm,

The actual occurrence of this species in Michigan having thus

been definitely determined, there still remains the question as to the

locality where the type specimens were obtained. Unfortunately,

Capt. Stannard failed to give any definite information on this point,

and after the lapse of sixty years, there is no hope of getting any

exact information. But it is a fair subject for speculation. One

fact is clear, that although but a very small portion of the Upper

Peninsula has as yet been explored conchologically, the work that

has been done there has, with this one exception, failed to discover

it. The species was described in 1847, and the specimens were —

probably collected within a year or two previous to that time. It is

to be borne in mind that at that time the Upper Peninsula was an

unbroken and practically an unknown wilderness. The rapid de-

velopment incident to the growth of the copper, iron and lumber

industries had not begun. Marquette was not settled until 1846,

64 THE NAUTILUS.

and at that time Houghton was only known to the Indians and voy-

ageurs. What little navigation there was on Lake Superior was

between the ‘“‘Soo”’ and a few small towns at the upper end of the

lake, such as Eagle Harbor, Bayfield, Ontonogan, ete. Stannard

was at that time captain of a small sailing craft which plied between

these ports. On one of his voyages he discovered the famous rock

in the center of the lake now known as Stannard’s Rock. It seems

clear enough, therefore, that the original locality for the Planorbis

must have been somewhere on or near the south shore of the lake.

The Hon. Peter White, who has lived in Marquette since 1849, in-

forms me that the Indians told him that after Stannard discovered

the rock in the middle of the lake, he was very cautious about sail-

ing in stormy weather for fear of getting wrecked on some similar

reef, and that at one time during a heavy stress of weather he took

refuge under the lee of the Huron Islands and remained there for

some days. Now the Huron Islands are only about three miles from

the south shore of the lake, and Howe Lake is less than one mile

inland and almost directly south of the islands. If during his en-

forced stay under the shelter of the islands Stannard had gone

ashore to fish or hunt it is quite conceivable that he reached the

north shore of Howe Lake and there found the shells he afterwards

gave to Case.

While of course this is all speculation based on a mere tradition

of fact, it certainly raises a possibility, at least, that Howe Lake may

have been the original locality for this very interesting species.

And, unless in the years to come, the species shall be found in some

other locality, which seems more likely to be the original place of

discovery, this possibility may prove to be a very good probability.

Note: My last visit to Howe Lake was on August 3d. On

August 28th my sister made another visit to the lake-and found

seven more specimens all but one, unfortunately, more or less broken.

During the interval several heavy storms had taken place which

stirred up the lake and no doubt brought the shells in to shore. Of

these specimens only one was irregularly coiled. ‘The others were

all similar to figures 4 and 10 which evidently represent the normal

aspect of the form as it occurs in that locality. Considerable vari-

ation in size is shown, the largest specimen measuring 103x172

and the smallest 7$x137 mm.

THE NAUTILUS. 65

ANNOTATED LIST OF THE MOLLUSCA FOUND IN THE VICINITY OF

LA JOLLA, SAN DIEGO CO., CAL.

BY MAXWELL SMITH.

(Concluded from p. 59).

Plate VII, view of La Jolla.

*Odostomia pupiformis, Cpr. Mostly worn specimens.

Gyrineum californicum Hds. Pacific Beach. Buried in mud.

Cypraea spadicea, Gray. After violent storms.

Trivia californica, Gray. False Bay. A few living, dead shells

common at La Jolla.

Trivia solandri, Gray. Not rare.

Erato columbella, Menke. In the drift.

Erato vitellina, Hds. Seldom collected alive.

*Triforis adversa, Mont. Fine shells not rare.

Cerithiopsis tuberculata, Mont. A few small specimens.

*Cerithiopsis metaxe, Della Chiaje. False Bay. A single shell.

Bittium quadrifilatum, Cpr. False Bay. On sponges.

Cerithidea californica, Hald. False Bay. With Melampus.

Cecum californicum, Dall. Uncommon.

Cecum crebricinctum Cpr. Under rocks resting on clean sand.

Vermetus squamigerus, (pr. Plentiful under stones.

Littorina scutulata, Gld. On the rocks.

Littorina planaxis, Nutt. With above.

*Lacuna unifasciata, Cpr. Plentiful.

*Fossarus fenestratus, Cpr. Rare.

*Rissoa compacta, Cpr. Not often found.

*Rissoina aequisculpta, Cpr. Not often found.

Truncatella californica, Pfr. False Bay. In drift.

Truncatella stimpsoni, Sby. False Bay. With above.

Crucibulum spinosum, Sby. Pacific Beach. Several specimens

have long spines.

Crepidula aculeata, Gmel. On the beaches.

Crepidula navicelloides, Nutt. In aperture of Natica. Identical

with C. plana.

Crepidula onyx, Sby. Pacific Beach. On stones.

Amalthea antiguatus, Linn. Under layers of rock.

Amalthea cranioides, Cpr. With above.

66 THE NAUTILUS.

*Amalthea tumens, Cpr. Young specimens.

Natica draconis, Dall. Rare with N. lewissii.

Polinices lewissii, Gld. Pacific Beach. Common, below tide.

Polinices recluziana, Desh. Pacific Beach. Abundant at low tide.

Polinices uber, Val. False Bay. A Lower California shell..

Not before reported from California..

Lottia gigantea, Gray. Small specimens plentiful on the rocks.

Acmaea asmi, Midd. On Chlorostoma.

Acmea scabra, Rve. Not uncommon.

Acmea incessa, Hds. Several shells, soft parts gone.

Acmeza mitra, Esch. Torrey Pines. One specimen.

Acmea paleacea, Gld. On éel-grass, common.

Acmea patina, Esch. Abundant at all times.

Acmea persona, Esch., var. umbonata, Nutt. Many examples.

Acmea spectrum, Nutt. On rocks.

Acmea depicta, Hds. On grasses.

Acmea rosacea, Cpr. One faded shell.

Phasianella compta, Gld. In drift.

Leptothyra carpenteri, Pils. ‘Two specimens.

Pomaulax undosus, Wood. Many shells at low tide.

Norrisia norrisii, Sby. In alge.

Calliostoma canaliculatum, Mart. One small shell.

Calliostoma tricolor, Gabb. Pacific Beach. Under small round

stones.

Calliostoma gemmulatum, Cpr. Dead shells, rare.

Chlorostoma aureotinctum, Fbs. Not uncommon.

Chlorostoma funebrale, Ad. Many examples.

Chlorostoma gallina, Fbs. Not rare.

*Halistylus pupoides, Cpr. Notcommon. A northern species.

*Ethalia supravallata, Cpr. Rare.

*Liotia acuticostata, Cpr. Several examples.

Liotia fenestrata, Cpr. Beautiful specimens.

*Vitrinella complanata, Cpr. Three shells.

Haliotis corrugata, Gray. Pacific Beach. One small example.

Haliotis fulgens, Phil. The most abundant Haliotis. |

Haliotis rufescens, Swains. Several fine specimens.

Fissurella volcano, Rve. Under stones, common,

Fissuridea murina, Dall. Dead shells.

Lucapina crenulata, Sby. Occasionally found alive.

PLATE VII.

THE NAUTILUS XXI.

‘(eq “d “qytuIg [JOMxBy Aq V[OTZIB 998)

‘VINWORLIVO WY T1OL wT

THE NAUTILUS XX! RIGA ES Vaile

WALKER: PLANORBIS MULTIVOLVIS.

THE NAUTILUS. 67

*Lucapinella callomarginata, Cpr. Mostly worn shells.

Megatebennus bimaculatus, Dall. In drift.

Mopalia muscosa, Gld. Fine specimens.

Mopalia ciliata, Sby. Several shells.

Nuttallina scabra, Rve. On rocks.

Ischnochiton conspicuus Cpr. Under flat rocks.

NOTES ON THE CONCHOLOGY OF POCONO MANOR, MONROE CO., PA.

BY JOSHUA L. BAILY, JR.

During the past summer it was my fortune to spend six weeks at

Mt. Pocono, Monroe Co., Pa., the largest mountain summer-resort

in Pennsylvania, and while there had an excellent opportunity to

explore the molluscan fauna of a region which has been neglected

by conchologists heretofore. The Pocono Inn, at which I stayed,

the only hotel on Pocono Manor, is located on Little Pocono Moun-

tain, about 1850 feet above sea-level. From the Inn a fine view

may be had on clear days of the Delaware Water Gap. Three miles

to the westward lies the source of Swiftwater Creek, which after

passing the falls, reaches Lake Minausin, about 500 feet below the

level of the Inn. On the other side of the mountain is a smaller

stream known as Indian Run, which flows into the Swiftwater

about a mile below the lake. The temperature of the water is 45°

F. or lower, except in the lake, where the sun shines on it. Per-

haps this is why I have never been able to find any fresh-water

shells at all during four summers’ collecting. And also, as implied

by the name, the water is so swift that no mud settles on the bed

rock, which is alwaysclean. Shells there must be, somewhere, for I

have frequently found clusters of eggs adhering to the aquatic vege-

tation, which is very abundant; but although I have searched the

Swiftwater to its source, and the other stream nearly as far, I have

never been rewarded by finding any of our friends at home when I

called. Last year my brother found one specimen each of an unde-

termined Physa and Pisidium in Paradise Valley, but as this was

five miles from Pocono Manor I will not include them in the list.

With respect to land forms, however, a greater variety is en-

countered. ‘The country is exceptionally rocky, the predominating

rocks being red shale. ‘The soil is very fertile, and in the woods the

68 THE NAUTILUS.

ground is covered several inches deep with decaying leaves. Most

of my collecting was done on hillsides having a northeastern exposure

and at an elevation of about 1550 feet. The list of species follows:

Tebennophorus carolinensis Bose.

Vitrea indentata Say.

Vitrea hammonis Strom.

Vitrea ferrea Morse.

Zonitoides arborea Say.

Euconulus chersinas polygyratus Pils. Found under decaying

leaves far from the water. Rare.

Pyramidula cronkhitet catskillensis Pils.

Helicodiscus parallelus Say.

Polygyra albolabris Say, Exceedingly common in a man-hole on

the pipe line which takes water from the Manor Spring to the Inn.

Polygyra dentifera Say.

Polygyra tridentata Say. Only the typical form. I saw no var.

jusxtidens Pils.

Polygyra hirsuta Say. I was much surprised to find this species

only under boards in fields exposed to the sun, and never in shady

places at all.

Polygyra fraterna Say.

Bifidaria pentodon Say.

Cochlicopa lubrica Mull. Although I searched diligently I was

never able to find this species alive, four dead specimens being the

best I could do.

Succinea ovalis Say (obliqgua Say). Another shell of which it is

hard to obtain good specimens. ‘The broken shells of this species

are quite common.

Next year I hope to add some more names to this list.

Haverford, Montg. Co., Pa., Sept. 9, 1907.

SHELLS COLLECTED IN NORTHEASTERN MEXICO.

BY A. A. HINKLEY.

The species here listed were collected in December and January

of the past winter. At Tampico land and fresh-water forms were

scarce and had it not been for the rich find in a windrow of river

débris or drift the list would have been much smaller. This drift

THE NAUTILUS. 69

was sifted through a small net and the siftings were worked over

after returning home.

In both Panuco and Tamesi rivers there seemed to be very little

mollusean life. Nearly all the living fresh-water forms listed from

Tampico were taken from small ponds near LaBarra.

The mouth of the Panuco river is protected by jetties, on the gulf

side of which most of the living marine species were taken. Nota

specimen of any species was noticed on the river side of the jetties.

Two days were spent on the beach and jetties, but no other effort

was made to secure the marine forms. |

In the vicinity of Valles the land shells were no more plentiful

than about Tampico, but the Valles river was much richer in both

species and individuals than the rivers at Tampico. With two ex-

ceptions the small streams seemed destitute of molluscan life.

It has been thought desirable to publish the full list because the

shell fauna of this part of Mexico is but little known. | No informa-

tion has before been published on the marine forms between Texas

and Vera Cruz; and the only data on the land shells of the region

is contained in Pilsbry’s paper on Rhoads’ collection, which was

made somewhat further inland, north of the localities here dealt

with. It is likely that some of the old species hitherto credited to

Texas were really taken at or near Tampico, such as Helicina

chrysocheila and Euglandina corneola. The occurrence of Adelo-

poma so far north is remarkable.

The larger part of the species of this list were passed on by Dr.

H. A. Pilsbry. Thanks are also due to Dr. Wm. H. Dall for as-

sistance with some of the marine and fresh-water forms.

MARINE MOLLUSKS.

Spirula spirula (L.). Only broken ones taken.

Ostrea sp. Scattering young were on the jetties. In different

places along the river and canal are beds of oyster shells exposed

to view, overlaid by the surface soil. These shells are often dug

out and burnt for lime.

Chama arcinella L., odd valves.

Pecten exasperatus Sby., odd and broken valves, common.

Pecten gibbus irradians Lam., odd valves.

Pecten nodosus Linn., broken valves.

Pecten raveneli Dall (?), one lower valve.

70 THE NAUTILUS.

Mytilus hamatus Say, common on the jetties.

Mytilus exustus Linn., associated with hamatus, from which it is

easily separated by its finer striz and smaller size.

Modiola polita Verrill, 3 young specimens.

Congeria cochleata Kirby, found among clusters of MW. hamatus as

if seeking protection.

Arca floridana Conrad, odd and broken valves were plentiful.

Arca incongrua Say, 3 living specimens taken, odd valves common.

Arca occidentalis Ph., odd valves and pieces.

Phacoides pectinatus Gmel., odd and broken valves.

Cardita floridana Conrad, odd valves plentiful.

Cardium iscoardia Linn., odd and broken valves common.

Cardium magnum Born, odd valves common.

Cardium robustum Sol. (?), one young odd valve.

Dosinia discus Reeve, a few living ones taken, dead ones common.

Donax variabilis Say, one of the most plentiful species on the

beach both living and dead.

Chione cancellata L., odd valves.

Chione intapurpurea Conrad, odd valves.

Tellina radiata Linn., odd valves.

Macoma constricta Brug., odd valves.

Iphigenia braziliana Lam., a few live ones taken.

Martesia cuneiformis Say. An old water-logged banana stalk

thrown up by the tide, contained a number of nice specimens which

were secured by the aid of a knife; also the shell-lined burrows of a

Teredo were in this stalk.

Pinna sp., broken pieces.

Siphonaria lineolata Orbigny., numerous on the rocks of the jetties.

Crepidula aculeata Gmel., one poor specimen.

Cerithidea iostoma Pfr., a few dead specimens.

Terebra cinerea Gmelin. Living ones were common, mostly quite

young, exposed to view as the waves receded, always turning head

toward the current and immediately burying themselves in the sand.

Natica duplicata Say, one young specimen.

Natica brunnea Link, two dead and not mature.

Columbella obesa C. B. Adams, three found on a log thrown up

by the tide.

Melongena melongena L., one specimen, dead and poor.

Purpura haemastoma Linn., common on the rocks of the jetty, no

full-grown ones found.

THE NAUTILUS. yh

Modulus modulus L., a few poor specimens noticed.

Littorina nebulosa Lam., var. columellaris Orbigny. A few were

found on logs along the beach, but it is common on the jetties. Dr.

Dall referred it to L. flava. Pilsbry says “ LZ. flava is very thick

inside the lip, exactly like *rrorata. It resembles nebulosa in color,

but is evidently a distinct species close to zrrorata. I have never

seen L. flava from north or west of Trinidad.”

Littorina ziczac Dillwyn., very numerous on the jetties.

Cassis inflata Shaw, two young and dead.

Nerita precognita C. B. Adams, three on the rocks of the jetty.

Neritina lineolata Lam. Plentiful in low places along the river

and young ones were found on the gulf side of the jetties.

Neritina virginea L., a few were found with lineolata on one jetty.

Solarium granulatum Lam., two dead specimens.

Fissurella alternata Say, a few dead ones.

Vermicularia spirata Phil., young and dead.

Melampus coffea L., a few immature specimens.

Melampus floridanus Shuttl. Only a few specimens of this small

species were found. Dr. Dall referred them to young Tralia cingu-

lata Binney.

HELICINIDA.

Helicina chrysocheila Binney. Tampico and Valles. Scattering

specimens were found over considerable territory. The species is

very variable in color. Dead specimens were numerous in some

places. ;

Helicina flavida Mke. This species was found only in the drift

on the river bank, mostly dead.

Schasicheila hidalgoana Dall. El Abra, on the mountain side

with Opeas and Holospira, only 3 taken.

HELICIDA,

Trichodiscina coactiliata Fér. Tampico, in drift.

Praticolella griseola Pfr. This was the most widely distributed

species found. It seems to prefer the open fields and pastures,

Polygyra martensiana Pils. ‘Tampico and Valles.

Polygyra oppilata Moric. ‘Tampico and Valles.

Polygyra implicata Beck. Tampico.

Polygyra polita Pilsbry and Hinkley. Tampico.

Polygyra aulacomphala Pils. and Hinkley. Tampico.

12 THE NAUTILUS.

Thysanophora conspurcatella Morel. El] Abra, found with Opeas.

Thysanophora fischeri Pilsbry. ‘Tampico, drift.

Thysanophora horni Gabb. Tampico, drift. ‘ Not before known

from the littoral region of the Gulf” (Pilsbry).

BULIMULID#.

Bulimulus dealbatus Say. A few dead specimens noticed in the

vicinity of Valles.

Bulimulus schiedeanus Pfr. One dead specimen, Tampico.

Drymeus multilineatus Say. Valles. A few dead ones with

colors nearly as bright as in life. Pilsbry says ‘‘ The specimens are

almost exactly intermediate between D. multilineatus and D. dis-

crepans Sowb., having the coloration of the latter except that the

apex is dark bluish, as in mudtilineatus. There is no dark subsutural

band.”

( To be concluded.)

NOTES.

WE regret to record the death of Mr. Sloman Rous, of Brooklyn,

N. Y., who died at sea on July 8th.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

THE MOoLuiusca OF THE PERSIAN GULF, GULF OF OMAN AND

ARABIAN Sra, ETc.—Pt. I], Pelecypoda, by James Cosmo Melvill

and Robert Standen. (Proc. Zool. Soc., London, 1906, pp. 783-

848, pls. 53-56.)

In this part some 426 species are enumerated, of which 35 species

are new. ‘The richness of the fauna is dwelt upon, the total number

of mollusca recorded from this area being 1618. ‘The two parts

constitute a valuable addition to our knowledge of mollusks of this

region.

New AND CHARACTERISTIC SpEcIES OF Fossin MOoLuuskKs

FROM THE O1IL-BEARING TERTIARY FORMATIONS OF SOUTHERN

CaLirornia, by Ralph Arnold. (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXII,

pp. 525-546, pls. 88-51, 1907.)

An interesting and profusely illustrated paper, in which 21 species

and varieties are described as new. The geological formations

represented are the Lower Miocene and Pliocene.

THE NAUTILUS.

Vou. XXI. NOVEMBER, 1907. No. 7.

EYES OF HELICODISCUS LINEATUS.

BY EDWARD S. MORSE.

Last year in studying the eyes of the smaller Helices I discovered

that Helicodiscus lineatus was destitute of any pigmental organ

functioning as an eye. A further examination with a higher power

reveals apparently rudiments of a structure which may indicate the

traces of an eye but not the slighest evidence of pigmentation was

seen. ‘The body and tentacles are a clear white.

In the volume on Mollusks in the Cambridge Natural History

series the Rev. A. H. Cooke gives an interesting resumé of what is

known of the molluscan eye. He says, “In land mollusca which

live beneath the surface of the ground or in, absolute darkness the

eyes are generally more or less modified. Thus in Zestacedla, which

usually burrows deeply in the soil but occasionally emerges into the

open air, the eyes are very small, but distinct and pigmented. Our

little Czxcilianella acicula, which is never seen above the surface, is

altogether destitute of eyes. A species of Zospewm, a Helix anda

Bithynella from dark caves in Carniola have suffered a similar loss.”

The habits of H. lineata do not differ apparently from the other

smaller species with which it is associated. I hope later to make

some experiments in phototaxis.

74 THE NAUTILUS.

CAPE €OD NOTES.

BY. REV. HENRY W. WINKLEY.

The month of July was spent at Provincetown. August at the

head of Buzzard’s Bay. Unfortunately without a dredge, I can

report only low tide results. The hook on the end of Cape Cod

is, geologically speaking, a late formation, composed entirely

of coarse sand with limited vegetation; hence not a paradise for

land and fresh-water forms. JI examined two fresh-water ponds but

found no shells. On the land Helix hortensis has a colony. No

banded forms were found. The lemon-yellow and a very light

nearly transparent form are the chief colorings. The latter com-

pared with the specimens of this species found by Mr. C. W. John-

son, at Chatham, are of the same color but more nearly transparent.

While tne Cape is not an absolute barrier between northern and

southern forms, it is usually counted as a boundary. Provincetown

being at the tip end, I was curious to know its fauna, and can

pronounce it southern. Bittiwm nigrum and Odostomia trifida,

bisuturalis, fusca, seminuda, and an undescribed species occur more

or less abundantly. Both Lunatia heros and Neverita duplicata occur

on the sand flats, Litorinella minuta is abundant but small. Mya

arenarva, living in the clean sand, is abundant and the whitest shells

I ever saw. Venus mercenaria, Clidiophora gouldiana and other

forms show the general character of the fauna. Without attempting

to make a detailed list, the forms are the same one would find south

of the Cape. Purpura lapillus, living on the wharves, gave a few

curiosities. Several specimens of deep yellow color in last year’s

growth had changed in this year’s addition to pure white.

The outer side of Cape Cod is the home of Ceronia arctata. A

visit to Highland Light at North Truro gave me a half hour at high

tide, but I found a good set of the species and of fine large size.

Odd valves of Astarte castanea show that it abounds. One or two

specimens of Cochlodesma leanum demonstrate its home there.

A day spent at Woods Holl gave me an hour’s collecting at low

tide in the eel pond. The only record I would make would be one

or two species of Zurbonilla secured from a row boat. It is the first

time I have ever collected any species of this genus in shallow water.

My headquarters during August were at Wareham on an arm of

THE NAUTILUS. te

Buzzard’s Bay, not quite on the Cape but near enough. As Pat

says, ‘‘contagious”’ to it. The marine forms here are affected by

brackish water. In one arm I could get Jlyanassa obsoleta in abund-

ance, but failed to find Bittium and the Odostomias. In another

arm with the fresh water they occur, but more or less eroded. A

colony of fine specimens of Paludestrina salsa occurs in a pot hole on

the marsh, and my daughter, Miss Ruth Winkley, located the same

form sparingly among the flags along the border of the Agawam

river at East Wareham. More should be said of the fresh-water

collecting. The Agawam river is rich in specimens. Unio com-

planatus abundant and large, Anodonta cataracta occasional, and

Anodonta implicata abundant and the finest specimens I have seen.

My largest is 64 inches long and weighs 55 ounces. (Gould gives

the largest as 44 inches long.) Sphaerium secure is very abundant.

I obtained an unusually fine series of Anodonta beaks at this spot.

On the whole I may say that a section of this stream is the richest

in animal life I have ever seen in New England.

Ditches in the older cranberry bogs and small brooks abound in

specimens of Pisidiwm, and Amnicola limosa and porata occur

sparingly. Other fresh-water species occur like Planorbis, Physa,

etc., but they are in better form earlier in the season, so I neglected

them. [I failed to find land shells. It has been an exceedingly dry

season, and that may be the reason. I regret that I had no dredge

with me. The good results from shore collecting would indicate the

same from deeper waters.

A NEW SPECIES OF FLUMINICOLA.

BY H. A. PILSBRY. mat

The genus Fluminicola of Stimpson comprises globose, Somato-

gyrus-like snails of streams and springs in and west of the Rocky

Mountains. A list published by the writer in 18991 enumerates

seven species and one subspecies. A new form was among the

mollusks collected by the late Rev. Mr. Ashmun in Idaho, during

the last year of his life.

1The Navriuvs, XII, March, 1899, pp, 123, 124,

76 THE NAUTILUS.

FLUMINICOLA MINUTISSIMA n. sp. Plate IX, fig. 1.

The shell is perforate, obliquely globose, thin, smooth, olivaceous

yellowish, composed of three rapidly enlarging whorls, which are

convex, and separated by an impressed suture, which becomes very

deep in the last half-whorl. The spire is very short, the summit

obtuse, the first whorl being nearly flat. The last whorl enlarges

rapidly, and is well rounded peripherally, less so below ; its last half

descends rapidly. ‘The aperture is quite oblique, nearly circular, but

is angular above. The outer lip is thin, distinctly retracted at the

upper insertion; the slightly concave columella is very strongly

calloused within, flattened on the face. Below the umbilical per-

foration there is a narrow, crescentic, slightly excavated area,

bounded outwardly by a low angle.

Alt. 1.5, diam. 1.75 mm.

Price Valley, Weiser Canyon, Washington Co., Idaho. Types

no. 94273 A. N.S. P., collected by the Rev. E. H. Ashmun.

This species is smaller than any other of the genus, and is further

distinguished by its very short spire and the rapid descent of the last

half whorl. The columellar callus is unusually heavy for so small

a shell.

SHELLS COLLECTED IN NORTHEASTERN MEXICO.

BY A. A. HINKLEY. v

BULIMULID&.

Oxystyla princeps Brod. Tampico and Valles. Only dead

specimens secured.

UROCOPTIDA.

Macroceramus mexicanus Martens. El Abra.

Holospira hinkleyi Pils, El] Abra, on the mountain side with

Opeas.

PUPILLIDZ.

Strobilops hubbardi A. D: Brown. Tampico, scarce in drift.

Pupoides marginatus Say. Tampico, drift.

Bifidaria contracta Say. Tampico, drift, the most abundant

species.

Bifidaria pellucida Pfr., var. hordeacella Pils. Tampico, drift,

almost as numerous as LB. contracta.

THE NAUTILUS. (iy

Bifidaria procera Gld. Tampico, found under pieces of wood in

an open field, also in the drift.

Vertigo milium Gould. Tampico, two specimens in the drift.

ACHATINIDE.

Opeas gracile Hutton. El Abra, plentiful on the mountain side.

Opeas beckianum Pfr. Tampico, drift.

Opeas micra Orb. Tampico, drift.

Leptinaria tamaulipensis Pils. Tampico, scarce in the drift.

Leptinaria mexicana Pfeiffer. ‘Tampico, drift.

Spiraxis tampicoensis Pils... Tampico, drift, numerous.

Cecilioides (Cecilianopsis) jod Pils. Tampico, drift.

OLEACINIDA.

Euglandina corneola Binn. Valles, a few dead ones.

Euglandina texasiana Pfr. Tampico and Valles, found about de-

caying logs, the most plentiful species of this family. Pilsbry says

‘Not G. turris. I find that they agree fully with Texas examples.”

Euglandina sp. Valles.

Streptostyla gracilis Pils. Tampico and Valles, dead specimens.

Salasiella joaquine Strebel. El] Abra, one specimen.

ZONITIDA,

Guppya elegans Strebel. Tampico, a few in the drift.

Zonitoides minuscula Binney. ‘Tampico, numerous in the drift.

Zonitoides singleyana Pils. ‘Tampico, common in the drift.

Zonitoides pentagyra Pils. Tampico, drift.

Zonitoides elegantula Pfr. Tampico, drift. This minute species

was not plentiful. Pilsbry says ‘‘ This is Helix elegantula Pfr., very

badly figured as Chanomphalus elegantulus, by Strebel. Hitherto

not known north of Vera Crnoz. It has about the size and general

appearance of a fadiodiscus, but the embryonic whorl is without

spiral striz.”’

LIMACID&.

Agriolimax sp. undet. Valles, scarce.

ENDODONTIDZ.

Pyramidula victoriana Pils. Tampico, in the drift, mostly im-

mature examples.

1 This species appears to belong to the genus Celostele, which has not hith-

erto been known in America.—Eb.

78 THE NAUTILUS.

SUCCINEID.

Succinea luteola Gould. In the vicinity of Tampico this species

was numerous in a pasture ; near Valles they were found along the

wagon road, but more plentiful on a railroad embankment. They

are richly colored, reddish with pale and dark streaks ; some albino

specimens were taken.

Succinea luteola Gld., var. subtilis Marts, Valles; only two

examples taken.

Succinea sp. Tampico. Found in a loose pile of decaying vege-

tation and on the skull of a cow. The specimens taken are not

quite as large as S. luteola, and are thinner.

VERONICELLIDA.

Veronicella sp. Valles; scarce, in shaded places.

CYCLOSTOMATIDA.

Adelopoma stolli Martens. Tampico. A single specimen found

in the drift. Pilsbry says ‘‘ This small species was described by

Prof, Von Martens as Diplommatina stolli, This example is a little

smaller than typical stodl:, with weaker ribs and less swollen penult.

whorl. The last whorl is gibbous above the columella, a character

not noticed by Von Martens in his description of stolli. The num-

ber of riblets is about the same as in stolli, or perhaps somewhat

greater. Until further examples are found the value of these differ-

ences from stolli is uncertain.”

LYMNAIDA,

Lymnea cubensis Pfr. Valles. Taken from a pool by the

roadside.

Planorbis cultratus Orb. Tampico. This small flat species was

noticed in but one place ; they were taken from the edge and under-

side of a piece of board and other driftwood lying on the land near

the edge of a small pond. <A few Seg. obstructa were taken with

them.

Planorbis liebmanni Dkr. Tampico and Valles; only dead speci-

mens found in river débris.

Planorbis sp. Tampico. A very small form found in the drift.

Segmentina obstructa Morelet. Tampico and Valles. A com-

mon species in ponds; dead ones were numerous in places in the

drift.

THE NAUTILUS. iy AS

Physa mexicana Phil. Tampico and Valles. Young shells were

numerous in some of the shallow pools, the larger ones being rather

scarce.

Physa osculans Hald., var. rhyssa Pils. Roadside pool near

Valles with Lym. cubensis, the only place these two species were

found. Differs from P. mexicana in having a more attenuate spire,

one more whorl, and the body whorl is less inflated.

Physa sp. This is thicker than the P. mexicana and has the

chestnut-colored callus within the outer lip, which in the larger

examples shows at previous stages of growth.

Ancylus excentricus Morelet. Found on plants in Tamesi and

Valles rivers; scarce; a fragile species.

VALVATIDZ.

Valvata humeralis Say. Valles river.

AMNICOLIDE.

Cochliopa riograndensis Pils. & Ferr. Valles river. More ele-

vated than Valvata humeralis and differs from it in having several

colored spiral lines, giving it a striking resemblance to a small Helix.

The operculum and teeth, examined by Dr. Pilsbry, show it to be

correctly referred to Cochliopa. The aperture is angular above, thus

differing from that of Valvata. )

Amnicola guatemalensis C. & F. Tampico, on pieces of wood in

ponds.

Amnicola tryoni Pilsbry. Tampico, drift ; a smaller species than

guatemalensis.

Potamopyrgus coronatus Pfr. Tamesi river, Tampico. The

spines on the shoulder are well developed for so small a species.

Potamopyrgus coronatus texanus Pils. Valles river, only two

examples secured, they do not show the spines.

Paludestrina tampicoensis Pils. & Hinkl. Tampico.

MELANIID.

Pachycheilus vallesi Hinkley. Plentiful in the Valles river.

UNIONIDE.

Unio tampicoensis Lea. Valles river.

Unio popei Lea. Valles river. Pilsbry says of these shells “I

think they are correctly referred to popec Lea, as a variety. It

differs from typical Texan popez in the dark nacre and the more dis-

tinct green rays. It is related also to U. soledadensis Crosse &

80 THE NAUTILUS.

Fischer, but differs in the wide posterior end and the distinct rays.

(7. soledadensis was omitted by Simpson, evidently inadvertently.

It should go in the Synopsis next to U. popet.”

Unio sp. Valles river. The most plentiful Unio found. Dall

referred it to soledadensis. Pilsbry says ‘‘ A new species, related to

popet, yet with some features of U. medellinus.”’

CYRENIDE.

Cyrena carolinensis Bosc. Panuco river, Tampico ; found but few.

Cyrena germana Prime. Panuco river, Tampico. A single ex-

ample, more compressed, and lighter colored, but possibly intergrades

with carolinensis.

Pisidium singleyi Sterki. Valles river; Valles and drift of

Panuco river, Tampico.

Eupera singleyi Pils. Valles river, Valles; and Tamesi river,

Tampico.

MAOTRIDZ,

Mulinia lateralis Say. Panuco river.

PELSENEER’S TREATISE ON MOLLUSCA.

A TREATISE ON Zoo.oGy, edited by E. Ray Lankester, Part

V, Mottiusca, by Paul Pelseneer, London, 1906. This admirable

book, of 355 pages, should be studied by every conchologist, although

it is not quite elementary, and some fundamental knowledge of

zoology is required to fully understand it. ‘The text is well illus-

trated by 301 figures, partly diagrammatic, many of them from Prof.

Lankester’s article ‘‘ Mollusca ”’ in the ninth edition of the Encyclo-

pedia Britannica, 1883. It is interesting to note the considerable

changes of classification from Lankester’s article to the present book.

The editor of the NAurTiLUS may permit to cite the main groups

here, side by side:

LANKESTER, 1883, PELSENEER, 1906,

Branch A, Glossophora, Grade A. Isopleura.

Class 1. Gastropoda,

Br. a, Isopleura.

Br, 6. Anisopleura.

Class I, Amphineura,

Grade B, Prorhipidoglossomorpha.

Class 2, Scaphopoda, Class I. Gastropoda.

Class 3, Cephalopoda. Class II. Scaphopoda.

Br.ig, \F teropoda. Class III, Lamellibranchia,

Br, 6, Siphonopoda. ‘

Branch B, Lipocephala. Grade ©, Siphonopoda,

Class 1, Lamellibranchia. Class I, Cephalopoda,

THE NAUTILUS. 81

It is seen that the Preropopa have disappeared as a division of

higher order; they are ranged under two tribes of the sub-order

Tectibranchia, order Opisthobranchia, of Gastropoda (pp. 170 and

173).

Many conchologists and zodlogists may be surprised to find the

class Lamellibranchia’ ranged under the same group with the Gas-

tropoda and Scaphopoda, as in contrast to the /sopleura and the

Siphonopoda. It still appears that the arrangement as adopted by

Lankester and other zodlogists, is more natural: Lipocephala or

Acephala, and Cephalophora. Not alone is the presence or absence

of a head a distinguishing feature. On pp. 6-7 the author says:

“the radula is characteristic of the phylum mollusca. It exists

throughout the series... and is only absent in the most specialized

types, in which it has evidently been lost, such as... the Lamelli-

branchs...” If it was lost in the latter there should be traces of

it in the embryo, the more so since the embryonal and larval stages

of at least many Lamellibranchia are of very well marked forms and

existing as such through a long time and under various conditions.

Also for other reasons it might appear that the Lamellibranchia are

not a specialized or retrograde group, e. g., from the Gastropoda or

some primitive form near them, as must be inferred from Pel-

seneer’s arrangement, but one primitively different. At any rate, I

believe that they represent a group of decidedly inferior organiza-

tion, and that their proper place is not in the same group with the

Gastropoda, and between the latter and the Cephalopoda. The

formation, and especially the functions of the ctenidia (branchiz),

are certainly significant ; ”

been decidedly, and as it seems, definitely separated from the

Bryozoa, etc., the fact should not be overlooked that the branchiz of

the former have not only the same functions—principally nutritive

—as the tentacles of the latter, but that, in many instances at least,

the filaments are of similar formation, even to minute details.

Something else might be said in this connection: it is the tendency

of our day to found classification on a single organ, or organ sys-

tem—trather than on the ensemble of the whole organization.

and although the Lamellibranchiata have

1On p. 197 the author says that the name Scaphopoda has been more gen-

erally used than Solenoconcha, for the sake of uniformity ; for that same reason

he might have adopted the name Pelecypoda in place of Lamellibranchia (better :

Lamellibranchiata).

* Confer also Lankester l. c., pp, 684 and 685.

82 THE NAUTILUS.

While studying the book I made some notes on minor items, and

a few of them may be mentioned here,

A somewhat strange incongruity is shown in the synoptic tables

at the head of each class, that of the Isopleura is carried down to

families, those of Gastropoda and Lamellibranchia to sub-orders (the

tribes of the former are omitted), that of Cephalopoda to tribes. In

a general way, the grouping is carried down to genera, giving shorter

or longer diagnoses of the latter where it seemed desirable.

Pp. 7 and 89-91. Radula. It should have been stated that the

radula with its teeth is constantly formed anew, and advancing ;

while the teeth at the anterior end are becoming blunt and useless,

and dropping off, new teeth at the posterior end are formed. The

whole radula is renewed several and probably many times during

the life of a snail. Also it should have been said that at least in

some Gastropods and probably in many of them, the first teeth on

the radula of the embryo are of a shape entirely different from those

of the post-embryonal animal.

P. 18. “ The otocysts. . . contain auditory granules or otoli-

thes.”” But in closing the paragraph, the author says: “ through

them the creeping molluscs preserve their orientation and swimming

molluses their equilibrium.”” I would emphatically endorse the latter

view, as against the otocysts being auditory organs, their structure as

well as location, in most mollusca, seems to point in that direction.

P. 186. Physide . . . “ with anarrow aperture.” How does that

agree with forms like our Ph. ancillaria, etc.? Nothing is said

about the radula so very different from those of other Basommato-

phora.

P. 186. Zonites evidently comprises’ Zonites s. str., Zonitotdes+-

Gastrodonta, Hyalina, etc., (conf. p. 129, 1. 4, Zon. cellarius) ; no

mention is made of the differences of the genitalia, the foot, the

radula, etc.

P. 187. Helix also is understood in the ancient, Pfeifferian sense,

with ‘more than 4,000 species, a large number of sub-genera have

been established,’ and some of them are cited. MacroGdn with its

immense (probably meroblastic) ova might have been mentioned.

P. 188. Pupa, “shell cylindrical, dextral with obtuse summit

.-” This will fit most of the Pupilla, Orcula, etc.; but how

about most of the Zorquilla, Bifidaria, Pupoides, etc., which are

evidently included ? :

1 According to English-French conchological—not political—coalition.

THE NAUTILUS. 83

P. 253. ‘There are 1,000 Untonide,”’ pp. 267-268, “ Unio,

Retzius, shell thick, hinge toothed [sic!]. This genus includes more

than a thousand species.’”? Seven other genera are cited, e. g., Ano-

donta, Quadrula, but Lampsilis is not, although mentioned on p. 240.

(A few points on the morphology and anatomy of Unionidz will be

reviewed elsewhere). That the larval embryo of the Mutelidex is a

lasidium, might have been added.

P. 251. In fig. 228 A it is surprising to find the brush- or candle-like

processes of the soft parts of a glochidium designated as “ teeth of

the shell”? (S); the figure and explanation are taken over from

Lankester’s article (fig. 149 A), after Balfour.

These few criticisms on details do not mean to detract from the

merits of the book in a general way. It cannot reasonably be ex-

pected that a man writing a book ona certain large group of ani-

mals be familiar with every detail. V. STERKI.

FREDERICK STEARNS.

Frederick Stearns was born in 1832, and died in January of the

present year. He was the founder of one of the greatest pharma-

ceutic establishments in this country. In 1887 Mr. Stearns retired

from active business partly for the purpose of recuperating his

health, which too strenuous devotion to business had somewhat

impaired. The following years were devoted to travel abroad.

Always observant and critical, he began as an amateur collector,

and among his earliest achievements in this line is a magnificent

collection of Japanese and Korean art objects, some 16,000 of which

he donated to the Detroit Museum of Art—having a few years pre-

viously by his money and influence assisted in building the fine

museum itself. Various smaller collections, such as coins, precious

stones, etc., claimed his attention for a time. Then he took up con-

chology and devoted his time and money for several years to what

was to him an absorbing diversion, and to science a work of great

value. Over 10,000 species of shells classified and arranged in

systematic order and catalogued are in the Detroit Museum asa

monument to his activity in this line of human endeavor—almost a

life-work in itself. His book, ‘*‘ Marine Mollusks of Japan,” on which

Dr. H. A. Pilsbry of Philadelphia collaborated, is a standard work

based on his collection.

84 THE NAUTILUS.

A considerable number of Japanese shells named after Mr. Stearns

remind students of his labors on that fauna. Among invertebrates

of other groups, he discovered Scalpellum stearnsi, a very large and

handsome pedunculate barnacle.

SLOMAN ROUS.

Sloman Rous died at sea July 8, 1907. Mr. Rous had been ill

for several months, and upon the advice of physicians resolved to

return to his old home in Sonth Africa at Port Elizabeth. He

arrived at Southampton, and died when two days out from England

on his way to Africa. He became very ill in the morning of July

8th, and expired in less than two hours.

Mr. Rous was born August 3, 1838, in England. He had lived

the greater part of his active life in South Africa, where previous to

the Boer war he accumulated a small fortune. The embargo, or

what practically amounted to that, imposed by the Boers on im-

ported articles ruined his business. He then came to the United

States, which he had previously visited and, bringing with him a

valuable collection of shells, opened a store in Jersey City, after-

wards transferred to Brooklyn. He became well-known among

collectors. His shells were desirable species, and the accuracy of

his identifications was unquestioned. In South Africa he had

devoted his leisure time to the gratification of his love of natural

history. He made very important collections of South African

insects, a large part of which were unfortunately destroyed, and he

also contributed toa knowledge of the molluscan life of the Cape and

the neighboring coasts. Many species of shells bear his name, and

he almost or quite alone among dealers possessed specimens of the rare

Achatina (Cochlitoma) lintere, the locality of which is now deserted.

During the last five years of his life he was attached to the De-

partment of Conchology in the American Museum of Natural

History, New York. He was painstaking to the last degree, en-

thusiastic and discriminating. When disabled by his sickness—an

asthmatic affection—he was engaged in studying the revision of the

Amphibolidae, and was also at work revising the nomenclature of

the collection of land shells.

Mr. Rous was a man distinctively strong and independent in

thought, agreeable in address, and unfailingly courteous and con-

siderate.—L. P. GRATACAP.

THE NAUTILUS.

Vor. XXII. DECEMBER, 1907. No. 8.

ON A CYMATIUM NEW TO THE CALIFORNIAN FAUNA.

BY WM. H. DALL.

Having heard from Dr. R. H. Tremper that he had recently

obtained from the fishermen of San Pedro, a species of Cymatium

which could not be referred to any of the forms heretofore known

from that region, he was requested to send the specimens for exam-

ination.

A careful study of it shows that it is different from any member of

the group previously known from either coast of America, but so

close to the Mediterranean ‘ Triton” corrugatus Lamarck, that

it seems impossible to separate it more than varietally.

Cymatium corrugatum var. Trempert nov. Shell agreeing closely

with C. corrugatum except in the following particulars: the perios-

tracum in the latter is light colored, velvety, with the processes or

hairs of a uniformly even length; in Tremperi it is blackish-brown,

coarse, lamellose with, on the varices, strong, sparse, projecting hairs

reaching 6 mm. in length. In all the specimens I have examined of

the Mediterranean shell, there are, between the revolving primary

ribs, numerous small subequal minor threads; while in Tremperi

there are in the channels only one or two coarse, irregular, markedly

larger riblets. The other differences are all apparently of an

individual character. The shell measures: length 85; aperture,

including the canal, 36; max. diam. 38 mm. ‘There are five rather

prominent axial ribs on the last whor] between the last pair of vari-

ces. The operculum is exactly like that of the Mediterranean form.

86 THE NAUTILUS.

The animal was alive when captured, and was brought up from a

depth of about 42 fathoms, bottom temperature about 51° Fahr.

I have not been able to compare it with the C. Krebsi Morch of the

Antilles, which is said to have a short spire.

The discovery of this species adds another to the list of Mediter-

ranean forms which reappear either directly or by closely related

varieties or species, on the Pacific coast, attention to which had been

called already by the late Dr. Philip Carpenter. Among them are:

California. Mediterranean.

Cymatium var. tremperi, C. corrugatum,

Leptothyra carpenteri, L. sanguinea,

Gibbula canfieldi, G. adriatica,

Williamia peltoides, W. gussoni,

Arctonchis borealis, A. celtica,

Leda cuneata, L. cuneata,

Crenella decussata, C. decussata,

Verticordia novemcostata, V. novemcostata,

Lima orientalis, L. tenera,

Zirphea crispata, Z. crispata,

Platidia anomioides, P. anomioides.

To these many more might be added without stretching the com-

parisons unduly.

A NEW MEXICAN MUSSEL, LAMPSILIS FIMBRIATA.

BY L. S. FRIERSON.

LAMPSILIS FIMBRIATA, N. Sp.

Shell large, elliptical, thin, and compressed. Dorsal line incurved

in front of the beaks. Anterior margin somewhat obtruded, and

obtusely pointed or sharply elliptically curved. Basal margin nearly

straight, occasionally slightly arcuated. Posterior margin broadly

roundly biangular. Beaks low, and without sculpture. Posterior

ridge elevated, rounded and obsolete. The greatest diameter of

the shell being about the center of the ridge. Sides flattened, and

generally somewhat constricted in the middle. Behind the posterior

ridge, down the siphonal area extends a raised line, enclosing a tri-

angular area (having its apex at the beak) which is sculptured

THE NAUTILUS. 87

with small pustules arranged in upcurved lines. Epidermis

yellow, horn color, sometimes obsoletely rayed, on the posterior slope.

The shell would seem to be nearly smooth, but in all the specimens

seen there are numerous irregular, radial, pit-like impressions and

concentric striae, and shallow sulci. ‘The radial impressions or pits,

extend through the shell, and are visible inside and out. Hinge

ligament, stout and ratherlong. Muscle scars well marked, separate

in front, confluent behind. Teeth stout, double in the left, and

single in the right valve. Beak cavities shallow, with a row of

muscle scars running downward, forward and onto the base of the

cardinal tooth. Nacre white, flesh color or dark purple, very

irregularly laid on, and very thin. Except in old shells, the pris-

matic structure extends far beyond the nacre, and the epidermal

layer, in turn, extends still further.

Length 80, height 47, diameter 25 mm.

Habitat: Valles River.—Collected by Mr. A. A. Hinx ey.

A cotype in coll. A. N. S. Phila., measures, length 81, height 51,

diam. 22 mm.

The shell is not related very closely to any species that I know of.

In fact I am undetermined whether to place it in Lampsilis or in

Nephronaias. In the absence of any data regarding the animal, it

is provisionally placed in Lampsilis. Mr. Hinkley informs me that

it is near to, if not identical with an undescribed species labeled by

Mr. Chas. F. Simpson as Lampsilis salinasensis, which however Mr.

Simpson has not described, and which he informed me, he does not

intend doing.

The prismatic layer is ;3, inch wide at the edge in some cases.

This peculiarity accounts for the pitting, and numerous irregular

suleations being, it is evident not normal, but the result of numer-

ous accidents which befall the extremely delicate edge of the shell.

Plate 12, two upper figures represent the type specimen; lower

left-hand figure is a young shell.

THE GRAVID PERIODS OF UNIOS.

BY CHARLES H. CONNER.

About four years ago, I began to collect systematically data rela-

tive to the gravid periods of Unios. Some of the results are pre-

sented herewith, in the hope that they will be of interest.

88 THE NAUTILUS.

The scene of most of my observations has been along the Delaware

river and Big Timber creek, in the vicinity of Newbold and Wash-

ington Park, New Jersey.

All along the extensive flats there mussels abound, and their empty

shells lie scattered along the banks in thousands.

For the purpose of these observations I have made it a point to

patrol that section at low tide some time during every month of the

year.

The work has been attended by many disadvantages, otherwise I

should have been able to present a complete record of the matter.

The varying periods during which the glochidia are extruded by

the various species, tends (so it appears to me) to effect their distri-

bution ; those spawning when fish are migrating, for instance, would

have their distribution extended farther, or more rapidly than other

species. Of the species hereabouts, Unio complanatus (Sol.), has

given me the best results for the labor expended. My records show

that they are gravid but once annually, from April—May to July—

August, or, approximately, during four months of the year.

I have found Lampsilis radiatus (Gmelin), and Unio nasutus

(Say) gravid all the year around. Both appear to spawn in June

and November, if not also at other times. All the individuals do

not spawn at the same time. On June 22, 1907, I found some

U. nasutus with the gills half empty, and some still full.

Anodonta cataracta (Say) is gravid about eight months in the

year, the interim occurring during the warm period (May—October).

I have found them gravid as late as May 27, and as early as October

13. Ihave found them spawning the latter part of December, to

the early part of January * which indicates approximately, as is the

case with U. complanatus, a gravid period of about four months.

I have had the good fortune to discover the use of the byssus also.

I isolated a gravid specimen in an aquarium, and when the glochidia

were extruded, using a magnifying glass, I discovered several of

them, with the valve opened wide, hanging suspended by the byssus,

from the Anacharis canadensis plants with which the aquarium was

stocked.f

From further observations it appears that they hang thus sus-

* Navutitus, Vol, XIII, pp. 142,

} April 19, 1905, Anodonta cataracta, Say.

THE NAUTILUS. 89

pended, and when a passing fish touches them they fasten upon it by

means of the hooks, and the glochidium is wrenched from its moor-

ing. I observed frequently the sudden jump which my goldfish

made, and I afterwards found glochidia attached to them.

A NEW ZONITOID SHELL FROM THE MIOCENE, FLORISSANT COLORADO.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL.

Although fresh-water shells (Lymnea, Planorbis and Spherium)

are abundant in the Florissant shales, terrestrial species are ex-

tremely rare. In 1906 we found a species of Omphalina, in a frag-

mentary condition. The 1907 expedition has yielded a_ better-

preserved specimen which is referred to Vitrea.

VITREA FAGALIS n. sp.

Diameter 7 mm. ; with seven and a half closely coiled whorls, the

first three not increasing at ail, but having a uniform diameter of

about 340 micromillimeters; the fourth barely larger, diam. about

357 m.; the fifth with diam. about 391 m.; the sixth twice as

broad as the inner ones; the seventh much larger, diam. 1 2? mm.

Last whorl very smooth and shining, not or hardly striate, but inner

whorls delicately striate, with the exception of the apical whorl and

a half, which are quite smooth. Spire gently convex, the sides

regularly ascending to the apex. No internal lamelle, so far as can

be seen. One example, with reverse ; ona slab with a leaf of Fagus,

showing that it probably lived in the proximity of that tree.

This shell appears to be a Puravitrea, very close in all respects to

Vitrea andrewse. In the number of whorls and absence of in-

ternal lamelle, it is like V. placentula; but the whorls appear to be

more closely coiled than in that species, and the radial sculpture is

much closer and less regular.

The resemblance of the Florissant flora to that of the uplands of

the southeastern states has already been noted; the discovery of

Vitrea fagalis, and the previous finding of Omphalina, point in a

similar direction.

90 THE NAUTILUS.

A NEW CALIFORNIAN VERTIGO.

BY V. STERKI.

VERTIGO OCCIDENTALIS, n. sp. Plate XI, fig. 2.

Shell of the shape, size and appearance of a smaller Vert. ovata

Say, but perforated; short ovate, chestnut-colored, transparent ;

slight impressions over the palatal folds, no crest, no callus inside ;

lamellae and folds: parietal and angular close together, coherent,

short, low, somewhat massive; columellar only indicated by a slight,

angular projection; the two palatals quite small, short, the upper

closer to the margin. Alt. 2 mill. Soft parts not seen.

Habitat: San Bernardino Mts., California, at alt. 7600 feet, col-

lected in the summer of 1907, by Mr. S. S. Berry, one specimen.

It is rather inopportune to establish a species on a single speci-

men. But the one seen is mature, with no trace of a deformity, and

with all its external resemblance to V. ovata, is evidently distinct.

It has been carefully compared with many ovata from New Mexico,

Arizona, California e. g., the Cuyamaca Mts. near San Diego, to

Montana and Washington, etc. None of them was perforated, and the

lamellz and folds of occtdentalis are different as to size, shape and

location from those of ovata, even in immature specimens. It has

been pointed out, years ago, that their location and shape are of

more consequence than their mere presence or absence, at least in

some forms.

NOTES.

Specimens of Planorbis magnificus Pilsbry have been kept alive in

small aquaria at the National Museum for more than a year. Those

which were adult when collected in 1906 (October) are all dead,

apparently from old age, but before dying they left progeny now

about six months old and one-third grown. It is therefore probable

that the life of the species is about two years in length. The young

have well-pigmented eyes, in the usual situation, but in the adult

these have so degenerated that no trace of pigment or lens is visible

in the living animal by transmitted light. Their favorite food is

lily-pads, which they devour with great rapidity and on the lower

surface of which they are most likely to be found.--W. H. DALL.

THE NAUTILUS. 9]

AMONG common ‘ beach-stuff”’ from the Florida Keys the writer

recently found a well-preserved sinistral specimen of Marginella

apicina Menke, in excellent condition,—W. H. Dau.

Mr. E. W. Girrorp of Alameda, California, while collecting on

the * planted’ oyster beds of San Francisco Bay last July, found

Ilyanassa obsoleta Say living in abundance. This is the first time it

has been reported from the coast. The drills, Urosalpinx cinereus,

which had previously been numerous, seemed to have all died, at

least none living were found.—W. H. Datu.

Messrs. Ferriss AND Danirts have just returned from a col-

lecting trip in Arizona. Several new and interesting species of

Sonorella and Ashmunella are among the spoils. Some account of the

expedition will be given next month.

HELIX HORTENSIS ON Bass IsLanp, Me.— While at Kennebunk-

port, Me., thissummer, Mr. John B. Henderson discovered that Bass

Island at Cape Porpoise was well stocked with HZ. hortensis, so I

made a trip over there, and in about an hour collected seventy-five

specimens. ‘The ground and weeds were covered with young shells,

but the adults were not so plentiful, as the field mice (?) are good col-

lectors and make a specialty of fine large shells, and when they get

through with them the shells are of very little use to the two-legged

collector. Also saw a good many Polygyra albolabris, which had

been eaten, but only found one alive. The specimens of Helix hor-

tensis show the following variations :

Bands, No. Specimens.

12345 19

12345 Transparent bands, Var, arenicola MacGill. 4

12300 Transparent bands, faint. 1

00345 Transparent bands, faint. J. 1

12345 (Two broken, almost gone). 1

00300 Band distinct. 3

00300 Band faint and broken, but in most of them the

band is more or less transparent, some also

show traces of other transparent bands. 35

00000 Yellow. 9

00000 Whitish, 2

Total 75

992 THE NAUTILUS.

Band 3 is the one most persistent, and even in the shells which I

have put down as 00000 yellow there is a very faint indication of it.

In many of the 35 this band shows as a distinct patch back of the

lip, with fragments at other places, while the balance of the band is

more or less transparent as in Var. arenicola.

At Bar Harbor and on Bar Island, Frenchman’s Bay, Mr. Hen-

derson and I collected a number of hortensis all of which are 00000,

and of a bright canary yellow.—Gero. H. CLapp.

SHELLS oF La JoLtLa, CaLirornia.—Having read an article in

the Nautitus by my friend Mr. Maxwell Smith about the con-

chology of La Jolla, Cal., I send a list of a few species which were

not mentioned in Mr. Smith’s article, but which I think are of in-

terest in this connection, as one species has not been found in Cali-

fornia before to my knowledge.

Zirphaea crispata.

Nettastomella darwinii.

Macoma secta.

Modiola recta.

Bryophila setosa. One collected by Mr KE. P. Rawle of Phila-

delphia.

Leda hamata.

Yoldia cooperi.

Dentalium pretiosum.

Chromodoris porterae.

Hopkinsia rosacea.

Diaulula sandiegensis.

Triopha maculata.

Aplysia californica.

Circinaria transfuga.

Marginella regularis.

Eulima bistorta.

Eulima compacta.

Odostomia terricula.

Crucibulum imbricatum.

Crepidula excavata.

Acmaea pelta var. nacelloides.

Acmaea pelta.

THE NAUTILUS. 93

Neritina sp. indet. (perhaps picta?) One specimen found by Mrs.

Frank Pierce of Madison, Wis.

Leptothyra bacula.

Calliostoma gloriosum.

Ethalia invallata.

Haliotis cracherodii.

Nuttallina californica.

Octopus punctatus.

These species have all been collected by me except where other-

wise noted. I was unable to compare the WNeritina with any

authentic specimens, but Mr. Kelsey, of San Diego, to whom I men-

tioned it, said that he had not heard of any Neritina found so far

north, but thought it might be WV. picta. The specimen of Nuttal-

lina californica Reeve was a seven-valved individual.

JosHua L. Balty, JR.

Caarves Austin Dayton.—We regret to announce the death of

Mr. C. A. Dayton who died at his residence in Brooklyn, N. Y.,

Nov. 7, 1907.

Mr. Dayton was a lifelong admirer and collector of shells, and was

widely known through his correspondence with collectors. He was

the first president of the Brooklyn Conchological Club and a regular

attendant at its meetings until his recent illness confined him to his

home. He possessed in high degree all those qualities which make

the honored citizen and the esteemed friend.—Siias C. WHEAT.

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE FAUNA OF THE COAST OF LOUISIANA.

—By L. R. Cary (Gulf Biologic Station Bull. No. 6, Cameron, La.),

A considerable list of mollusks is given, pp. 54-58.

BULLETIN OF THE BuFFALo SocIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES,

Vol. VIII, No. 6 (1907) contains an interesting historical sketch of

the Society, illustrated with portraits of the presidents and other

men of science prominent in its annals.

94 THE NAUTILUS.

PROPOSALS FOR AN AMERICAN CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

The Brooklyn Conchological Club, which has maintained a suc-

cessful organization for several years, proposed last May the forma-

tion of a society of national scope, appointing a committee to form

a preliminary organization. ‘This committee elected the following

officers: President, Dr. H. A. Pilsbry, Philadelphia; Vice-Presi-

dent, Louis A. Gratacap, New York; Treasurer, Silas C. Wheat,

Brooklyn ; Secretary, Maxwell Smith, New York. These officers

to serve until a permanent national organization can be formed.

At the International Zodlogical Congress held in Boston in

August, those interested in mollusks held an impromptu meeting,

and appointed the following committee to consider the question of

organizing a society: Dr. W. H. Dall, Dr. H. A. Pilsbry, Elizabeth

J. Letson, Silas C. Wheat, John Ritchie, Jr.

If sufficient interest in the proposed society is manifested a perma-

nent organization will be effected. A general expression of the feel-

ing among conchologists towards the project is desired.

Suggestions may be sent by those interested to Mr. Maxwell

Smith, Secretary, 265 West 72d street, New York City, or to the

Editors of Tue Navtitus. It is hoped that some abstract of the

responses may be received in time for publication in the issue of

January Ist next.

Dr. Dall, Chairman of the Boston Committee, has drafted the

following :

MEMORANDUM OF SUGGESTIONS FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF AN AMERICAN

CoNCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OR SOCIETY.

NamE,—The Amurican Conchological Society would be better than

‘“‘ NaTIONAL,” as Mexican, Cuban, or Canadian members, whom it would be de-

sirable to include, might object to the term ‘‘ National ” as excluding them.

Orricr.—To promote intercourse between the students of Mollusca, recent or

fossil, in North America, the Antilles and Hawaii; to encourage the study of

Mollusks by meetings and publications, or other means suitable for the pur-

pose, and to interest the general public in the study of shells,

Orricers,—The officers shall comprise a president, a vice-president for each

section, a general secretary and a treasurer, and an executive council consist-

ing of nine members,

MemBers.—The membership of the Society shall be divided into the follow-

THE NAUTILUS. 95

ing classes: Patrons, life members, active annual members, associates, and

corresponding members. A limited number of honorary corresponding mem-

bers may be authorized by the council if deemed desirable.

QuALIFIcATIONS.—A patron shall be a donor to the Society of any sum ex-

ceeding the total of two life-membership fees, and shall be entitled to all pub-

lications of the Society and to receive gratis any periodical which may be dis-

tributed, as its organ, to the members by the Society. A life membership may

be secured by the payment to the Society’s treasurer of the sum of one hun-

dred dollars; active membership by the annual payment in advance of the sum

of five dollars;! associate membership by the annual payment in advance of

one dollar and a half by American associates and two dollars by foreign asso-

ciates or corresponding members. Honorary members may be relieved of pay-

ment at the time of election by the vote of the executive council.

All members shall be nominated to the council by the application of any

three members or associates in good standing through the secretary, and shall

be elected by a majority vote of the council, but no election shall be deemed

effective until the treasurer has received the first annual subscription from the

nominee, and the publications of the Society shall not be sent to any member

subsequently, more than two months in arrears, All membership fees shall be

due and payable at the beginning of the year, and no subscription for the ben-

efit of any member or associate to the organ of the society shall be made by the

treasurer until this annual fee shall have been paid.

Sections.—To facilitate local intercourse by meetings or otherwise, the So-

ciety may establish sections for the members of the Atlantic coast, Pacific

coast and Mississippi valley (or other) regions. Meetings within each sectional

area may be arranged by the local sectional vice-president, and the members

of the section may elect temporary officers, except the vice-president when

present, and by a majority vote assess such local subscriptions as may be

needed to carry on local work in addition to the regular annual fees.

NoMINATIONS AND ELEcTIONS.— Owing to the scattered distribution of the

membership, voting may be by ballot mailed to the secretary, who shall an-

nounce the result through the organ of the Society, in the number next follow-

ing the limit fixed for counting the vote, but no votes by proxy shall be

accepted,

Nominations for officers may be made by any three members or associates, so

as to be announced at least one month before the annual election in the So-

ciety’s organ. Nominations for membership may be made at any time, but at

least one month before they are to be acted upon.

The secretary, treasurer and members of the executive council shall be active

or life members, and serve until the election of their successors, Elections

shall be annual. The president, vice-presidents, secretary and treasurer shall

1 Members of the Brooklyn Club and some others think the annual dues

would better be fixed at two or three dollars.

96 THE NAUTILUS.

be ex-officio members of the Council, The term of office for the members ot

the Council (not ex-officio) shall be three years, but three members shall retire

each year, and of the nine members elected to the Council at the first election

three shall serve one year, three two years, and three the full term, the indi-

viduals to be determined by lot; after which three members shall be elected

annually,

Tue Councit.—The Council shall conduct the business of the Society, elect

members, control expenditures, audit the treasurer’s accounts, prescribe the

duties of Secretary and Treasurer, make rules or by-laws to carry out the de-

tails of the organization of the Society, and shall annually report to the So-

ciety at least one month before the annual election. All new members or

associates shall be elected by a majority vote of the Council, not less than five

members constituting a quorum.

Active MrmBrrs.—Active members shall be elected from those persons

actively engaged in research, the collection, or the study of the Mollusca, and

their qualifications shall be stated in the nomination papers. Associates may

be any one of good character interested in the general subject or the study of

natural history, Corresponding members shall be residents of foreign countries.

Orric1aL Or@an.—The Council may select a periodical, not issued by the

Society, as its official organ, and may from the annual fees pay such subscription

for the several members and associates as may be arranged for with the pro-

prietors of such periodical,

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION AND By-Laws.—The constitution may be

amended by a majority vote of the life and active members at any annual

meeting, provided notice of the proposed amemdment shall have been given in

the official organ at least three months previously. Amendments to the by-

laws may be made at any meeting of the Council called for the purpose, at

least one month’s notice having been given to the members of the Council.

PERMANENT FuNnDS AND EXPENDITURES.—The sums paid in by patrons and

life members shall be invested and constitute a permanent fund, of which the

interest only shall be available for expenses as directed by the Council. All

expenditures must be authorized and all investments approved by a vote of the

Council, which shall have the Treasurer’s accounts annually audited, the re-

sult to be included in the annual report to the Society.

Loss or MemMBERSHIP.—Any member or associate two months in default in

his annual subscription shall be notified by the Secretary, and any member or

associate who shall be over one year in arrears shall, ipso facto, lose member-

ship; provided that, on a majority vote of the Council and payment of all ar-

rearages, such member or associate may be reinstated without a formal

re-election.

THE NAUTILUS.

Vor. XXII. JANUARY, 1908. No. 9.

POMATIOPSIS ROBUSTA N. SP.

BY BRYANT WALKER.

Shell ovate-conic, perforate, smooth and shining, lines of growth

subobsolete; light greenish-yellow becoming lighter towards the

apex ; spire elevated, apex blunt, the initial whorl being perceptibly

flattened. Whorls 54, convex, with a well impressed

suture, body whorl large and inflated. Aperture

ovate, narrow above and well rounded below, between

one-third and.one-half of the length of the shell;

peritreme continuous and adnate to the parietal wall

above the perforation ; lip sharp.

Alt. 6, diam. 34 mm.

Jackson Lake, Wyoming.

Type in the collection of A. A. Hinkley, Du Bois, Ill.

Although only a single specimen of this species was found, it is so

obviously distinct from any of the known species of the genus, that

I do not hesitate to describe it.

It is a much stouter shell than P. Ainkleyi and differs from both

that and californica in the less convex whorls and less impressed

suture. In these particulars it resembles more P. lapidaria, but

differs from that entirely in shape. The narrow perforation and

sharp lip as well as the general contour easily separate it from P,

cincinnatiensis.

98 THE NAUTILUS.

A COLLECTING TRIP AT NORTHPORT, N. Y.

BY WM. H. WEEKS, JR.

It was my good fortune to have a vacation during the month of

October, and I decided to go to Northport, in search of shells.

Northport is situated on a fine harbor on the north shore of Long

Island, some forty miles from New York City. The conchologist

here has a fine field before him for work, and if not easily discour-

aged, shore-collecting will yield good results. It usually méans

however long tramps each day of some five to ten miles, I expected

to use the dredge but could not make satisfactory arrangements. It

is here that the scallop (Pecten borealis) abounds, but this year only

small quantities have been brought in by fishermen, and the much-

prized red variety is decidedly scarce.

Where I had found some five years ago countless numbers of

Crevidula convera on the beach not a specimen was to be seen, but

a few were gathered at low tide from dead specimens of Litorina

littorea and Nassa obsoleta. Mya arenaria were everywhere on the

beach in fine order, and also many Hnsis directus. Usually one has

to dig for them. JLevicardium mortont were found in small colonies

and seemed to be larger than usual. Numerous odd valves of

Astarte undulata were taken at low tide. It is evidently a deep-

water species. No search was made for land shells. The following

is a list of species obtained :

Ostrea virginica Gmel., cultivated extensively.

Anomia simplex Orb., abundant.

Pecten gibbus var. borealis Say, fairly common.

Mytilus edulis Linn., abundant.

Modiolus modiolus Linr., scarce.

Modiolus demissa var. plicatula Lam., abundant.

Arca transversa Say, abundant.

Arca pexata Say, abundant.

Astarte undata Gld., odd valves.

Laevicardium mortoni Conr., fairly common.

Venus mercenaria L., abundant.

Petricola pholadiformis Lam., fairly common.

Tellina tenera Say, one specimen.

Macoma balthica Linn., scarce.

THE NAUTILUS. 99

Ensis directus Conr., abundant.

Spisula solidissima Dillw., fairly common.

Mulinia lateralis Say, scarce.

Lyonsia hyalina Conr., scarce.

Mya arenaria Linn., common.

Busycon canaliculata Say, fairly common.

Busycon carica Gmel., fairly common.

Nassa trivittata Say, fairly common.

Nassa obsoleta Say, very abundant.

Nassa vibex Say, scarce.

Astyris lunata Say, scarce.

Eupleura caudata Say, scarce.

Urosalpinx cinereus Say, common.

Odostomia trifida Totten, scarce,

Bittium nigrum Stimp, common.

Litorina rudis Donov., common.

Litorina littorea Linn., very common.

Crepedula fornicata Linn., common.

Crepedula plana Say, common.

Crepedula convexa Say, scarce.

Neverita duplicata Say, fairly common.

Chaetopleura apiculata Say, scarce (usually on oysters).

A LIST OF THE LAND SHELLS OF LEE COUNTY, FLORIDA.

BY E. G. VANATTA.

The following species were collected in Lee County, Florida, by

Mr. Clarence B. Moore. ‘The smaller forms were picked from leaf-

mould sent in bags, each with the exact locality carefully marked

on it.

Practically nothing has been known hitherto of the land-snail

fauna between Key Marco and Cape Florida, the Ten Thousand

Island region being accessible only to the collector cruising in his

own boat.

It is interesting to note the occurrence of Bifidaria rhoadsi Pils.

and Vertigo variolosa Gld. on the west coast of Florida; also that

many of the shells of Zonitoides minuscula Binn. have internal

100 THE NAUTILUS.

lamine or teeth. The use of the name Huglandina rosea Fér. in-

stead of Glandina truncata has been explained by Dr. Pilsbry in the

last number of the Manual of Conchology, p. 191. All the speci-

mens listed are in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences

of Philadelphia.

Blue Hill Id., near Goodland Point, Marco Key.

Truncatella bilabiata Pfr.

Thysanophora selenina Gld.

Polygyra cereolus f. carpenteriana Bld.

Polygyra uvulifera Shutt.

Drymeus multilineatus Say.

Euglandina rosea Fer.

Euglandina rosea parallela Binn.

Buttonwood Key.

Polygyra cereolus f. carpenteriana Bld.

Bifidaria p. hordeacella Pils.

Bifidaria rupicola Say.

Zonitoides singleyana Pils.

Chokoloskee Key.

Pupoides modicus Gld.

Bifidaria rupicola Say.

Zonitoides minuscula Binn.

Dismal Key.

Truncatella bilabiata Pfr.

Helicina orbiculata Say.

Thysanophora plagioptycha Shutt.

Polygyra cereolus f, carpenteriana Bld.

Strobilops hubbardi A. D. Brown.

Pupoides modicus Gld.

Bifidaria rhoadsi Pils,

Bifidaria p. hordeacella Pils.

Bifidaria rupicola Say.

Microceramus floridanus Pils.

Euglandina rosea parallela Binn.

Vitrea dalliana ‘ Simpson’ Pilsbry.

Guppya gundlachi Pfr.

Zonitoides minuscula Binn.

Zonitoides singleyana Pils.

THE NAUTILUS. 101

Fakahatchee Key.

Truncatella bilabiata Pfr.

Helicina orbiculata Say.

Thysanophora selenina Gld.

Polygyra cereolus f. carpenteriana Bld.

Pupoides modicus Gld.

Bifidaria rupicola Say.

Microceramus floridanus Pils? (young).

Drymeus (young multilineatus Say ?)

Drymeus dominicus Rve.

Euglandina rosea Fer.

Euglandina rosea parallela Binn.

Vitrea dalliana ‘Simp.’ Pils.

Guppya gundlachi Pfr.

Zonitoides minuscula Binn.

Georgia Fruit Company’s land, S. of Marco.

Praticolella jejuna Say.

Vitrea dalliana ‘ Simp.’ Pils.

Guppya gundlachi Pfr.

Gilberts (near Matanzas Pass).

Polygyra cereolus f. carpenteriana Bld.

Pupoides modicus Gld.

Bifidaria p. hordeacella Pils.

Bifidaria rupicola Say.

Vitrea dalliana ‘ Simp.’ Pils.

Guppya gundlachi Pfr.

Zonitoides minuscula Binn.

Zonitoides singleyana Pils.

Goodland Point, Marco Key.

Polygyra c. f. carpenteriana Bld.

Bifidaria p. hordeacella Pils.

Euglandina rosea Fer. (near parallela Binn.)

Zonitoides minuscula Binn.

Succinea floridana Pils.

Little Marco.

Truncatella caribeensis succinea C. B. Ad.

Truncatella bilabiata Pfr.

102 THE NAUTILUS.

Helicina orbiculata Say.

Helicina orbiculata var. clappi Pils. Mss.

Thysanophora plagioptycha Shutt.

Polygyra cereolus f. carpenteriana Bld.

Polygyra uvulifera Shutt.

Bifidaria contracta Say.

Bifidaria p. hordeacella Pils.

Bifidaria rupicola Say.

Vertigo variolosa Gld.

Microceramus floridanus Pils.

Euglandina r. parallela Binn.

Vitrea indentata Say.

Vitrea dalliana ‘ Simp’ Pils.

Guppya gundlachi Pfr.

Zonitoides minuscula Binn.

Zonitoides singleyana Pils.

Marco, N. end of Marco Key

Polygyra cereolus f. carpenteriana Bld.

Bifidaria p. hordeacella Pils.

Bifidaria rupicola Say.

Euglandina rosea Fer.

Euglandina rosea paraliela Binn.

Vitrea dalliana ‘ Simp.’ Pils.

Guppya gundlachi Pfr.

Mound Key, Estero Bay.

Truncatella caribeensis succinea C. B. Ad.

Truncatella bilabiata Pfr.

Helicina orbiculata Say.

Thysanophora plagioptycha Shutt.

Polygyra cereolus f. carpenteriana Bld

Pupoides modicus Gld.

Bifidaria contracta Say.

Bifidaria p. hordeacella Pils.

Bifidaria rupicola Say.

Euglandina rosea parallela Binn,

Euglandina rosea minor Binn.

Guppya gundlachi Pfr.

Zonitoides minuscula Binn.

Succinea floridana Pils.

THE NAUTILUS. 103

Nameless Key (Mr. Addison’s) two miles east of Marco.

Helicina orbiculata Say.

Thysanophora selenina Gld.

Polygyra cereolus f. carpenteriana Bld.

Pupoides modicus Gld.

Bifidaria contracta Say.

Bifidaria p. hordeacella Pils.

Bifidaria rupicola Say.

Microceramus floridanus Pils.

Euglandina rosea parallela Binn.

Vitrea dalliana ‘ Simp’ Pils.

Guppya gundlachi Pfr.

Zonitoides minuscula Binn.

Zonitoides singleyana Pils.

Near Punta Rassa.

Truncatella bilabiata Pfr.

Polygyra cereolus f, volvoxis Pfr.

Euglandina rosea parallela Binn.

Aboriginal shell-heap about one mile east of St. James, Pine Island.

Truncatella clathrus Lowe.

Truncatella caribeensis ‘ Sby.’ Rve.

Truncatella caribeensis succinea C. B. Ad.

Truncatella bilabiata Pfr.

Praticolella jejuna Say.

Polygyra cereolus f. volvoxis Pfr.

Bifidaria p. hordeacelia Pils.

Bifidaria rupicola Say.

Guppya gundlachi Pfr.

Zonitoides minuscula Binn.

Zonitoides singleyana Pils.

Pine land, N. W. end of Pine Island.

Helicina orbiculata Say.

Bifidaria contracta Say.

Bifidaria p. hordeacella Pils.

Bifidaria rupicola Say.

Euglandina rosea Fer. near var. parallela Binn.

Guppya gundlachi Pfr.

Zonitoides minuscula Binn.

104 THE NAUTILUS.

N. E. end Pine Island, Lee Co., Florida.

Euglandina rosea parallela Binn.

Russell’s Key.

Helicina orbiculata Say.

Helicina orbiculata var. clappi Pils. Mss.

Thysanophora selenina Gld.

Thysanophora plagioptycha Shutt.

Polygyra cereolus f. carpenteriana Bld.

Pupoides modicus Gld.

Bifidaria p. hordeacella Pils.

Bifidaria rupicola Say.

Microceramus floridanus Pils.

Euglandina rosea parallela Binn.

Guppya gundlachi Pfr.

Zonitoides arborea Say.

Zonitoides singleyana Pils.

Turner Place, Turner River (a key near Chokoloskee).

Truncatella bilabiata Pfr.

Polygyra cereolus f. carpenteriana Bld.

Polygyra uvulifera Shutt.

Bifidaria rupicola Say.

Microceramus floridanus Pils.

Euglandina rosea parallela Binn.

Vitrea indentata Say.

Zonitoides minuscula Binn.

About five miles up Whitney River (mainland).

Polygyra cereolus f. carpenteriana Bld.

Bifidaria rupicola Say.

Euglandina rosea parallela Binn.

Guppya gundlachi Pfr.

Wiggins’ Key, Sandfly Pass.

Kuglandina rosea parallela Binn.

Lossman’s Key.

Euglandina rosea minor Binn.

THE NAUTILUS. 105

CANCELLARIA OBTUSA DESH.

BY SLOMAN ROUS.

Among some shells handed to me by my friend Mr. D. W.

Ferguson, of Brooklyn, is a specimen of Cancellaria obtusa Desh.

Tryon writing in 1885 says (Man. of Conch., Vol. VII, p. 68):

‘‘ The unique specimen formed part of the Cumingian collection.

Hab. unknown.” As far as I am aware no other specimen has

since been recorded, and it seems worth while to note the appear-

ance of another specimen and at the same time to amplify the some-

what meager description given in the Manual.

The specimen is unfortunately what is called a dead shell but it

retains its color and is perfect, its principal imperfection being a

worm groove in the aperture, but this in no way detracts from show-

ing its characteristics and the species can be perfectly described from

the specimen.

Spire much depressed, regularly spirally costate, the ridges

flattened, the intervening grooves about half the width of the ridges,

growth lines somewhat obsolete, but deeply pitted where they cross

the spiral grooves; light yellowish-brown; whorls three; rather

narrowly umbilicate, columellar plications three, the inferior some-

what obsolete, upper part of aperture very heavily calloused, aper-

ture white. Lon. 24, lat. 18 mm. Hab. Panama.

Mr. Ferguson received this specimen with a number of other

species from Mr. McNeill, well known as a collector of shells of

Central America, Panama, etc. All were labeled Panama, and all

the other species were undoubtedly Panama shells. I think there is

but little doubt but that this habitat will prove correct.

NOTES.

MUREX CARPENTERI, FORM ALBA.—During the past year the

fishermen of Newport, Orange County, California, have brought up

a number of specimens of Murex carpentert Dall, in their nets.

Most of them are the ordinary form, but among them are two or

three specimens of a pure white color, showing little or none of the

usual brownish coloration so characteristic of the species. This isa

really beautiful variation, but as yet it seems to be very rare. Ac-

106 THE NAUTILUS.

cording to the usual custom, this form may be referred to as the

form or variety alba.—S. 8. Berry.

TRITON GiIBBOSUS BrRop., 1N CALIFoRNIA.—Ralph Arnold

in The Paleontology and Stratigraphy of San Pedro, quotes the

range of the living J. gibbosus as West Tropical America and

Panama. At this time Dr. Dall supposed that a single example

from San Pedro Bay had been washed from the fossil beds on the

beach. Another writer reports the species from San Pedro Bay

(see Nautixus, Vol. VII, p. 75). At the time I brought the La

Jolla material together (NauTILus, September, 1907), three speci-

mens were secured by Miss Mary A. Williams, Josbua L. Baily and

myself. These were not included in the L. J. list, as at the time

the identity was doubtful. ‘The species can now safely rank in the

fauna of the state——-MAXWELL SMITH.

SHELLS OF THE LAKE ReGion oF Maine.—The following mol-

lusks were collected at Capens, Deer Island, Moosehead Lake, dur-

ing July, 1907: Polygyra fraterna Say, P. albolabris Say, P. sayana

Pils., P. dentifera Binn., Vitrea hammonis Strom., Luconulus fulvus

Mill., Zonitoides arborea Say, Pyramidula alternata Say, P. cronk-

hitet anthonyt Pils., Sphyradium edentulum Drap., Suecinea ovalis

tottentana Lea, Philomycus carolinensis Bosc., and FPlanorbis bicar-

inatus Say.—C. W. JoHNson,

Mouuvusca oF La Joris, Catirornra.—To the lists which have

appeared in the NauTI us, the following nudibranchs may be added:

Chromodorts macfarlandi Ckll. Forms a distinct subgenus or

genus,

Chromodoris californiensis Bergh (universitatis Ckll.).

Archidoris montereyensis Cooper (?). Specimens immature.

Cadlina flavomaculata Mc¥Farl.

Cadlina marginata McFarl. (7). Specimens small.

Doridopsis nigromaculata C. & E. (vidua Bergh, var. (?).

Thecacera velox Ckll.

Several others have been found at San Pedro and San Diego, and,

therefore, may be expected at La Jolla.

In the Journal of Malacology, 1905, p. 42, is given a brief account

of anew Zriopha from San Pedro. No specific name was offered,

because the notes on the external characters had been mislaid.

THE NAUTILUS. 107

These have now been recovered, and the animal may take the name

originally given in MS., Triophu aurantiaca. It is close to 7. car-

pentert Stearns, in external characters, but instead of being white it

is orange, with the appendages tipped with vermilion.—T. D. A.

CocKERELL.

HENRY VENDRYES.

Mr. Henry Vendryes, well known to students of the Jamaican

fauna, died at Kingston, Jamaica, Nov. 20, 1907, in his 86th year.

Mr. Vendryes was of French extraction, his father having served

with Napoleon, and was born on the island Oct. 30, 1822. He be-

came a student of law with Donald Campbell, a noted solicitor of

that day. After making a temporary experiment as a business man,

he soon returned to his first choice. In 1879 he was appointed an

advocate of the Supreme Court, and was offered but declined the

position of resident magistrate on the island. He distinguished him-

self in private practice of the law, and was for a time the editor of a

local paper now extinct, the ‘ Colonial Standard.”” His accomplish-

ments in music were exceptional, but it is as a conchologist and the

friend of conchological students interested in the Jamaican fauna

that the readers of the Nautixtus will chiefly remember him. He

contributed largely to the cabinets of Adams, Chitty, Bland, Guppy

and others as their publications show, and was most courteous and

generous in extending aid to all who were interested in his special

science. He leaves a large family connection. He suffered serious

financial losses by the Kingston earthquake, and his uniquely com-

plete collection of Jamaican shells and fossils has been offered for

sale, particulars of which can be learned from his late partner and

son-in-law, Mr. R. W. Bryant, of Kingston. Wo Dare.

SOME PERSONAL RECOLLECTIONS OF HENRY VENDRYES.

BY J. B. HENDERSON, JR.

The news of Henry Vendryes’ death in Kingston, Jamaica, a few

weeks ago has awakened many pleasant memories of his personality.

On our collecting trips to Jamaica, Mr. Simpson and I always paid

our respects to this veteran conchologist, and we passed many pleas-

108 THE NAUTILUS.

ant hours in his “ shell room” inspecting his large collections and

enjoying his generous hospitality.

Mr. Vendryes was then—ten years ago—an old man carrying

somewhat unsteadily the weight of seventy-five years, but he radi-

ated about him the indefinable charm of the gentleman of the old

school. He talked freely of days in the field with C. B. Adams,

Chitty and Gloyne, those forefathers of Jamaican conchology, and

the spirit of their work and methods remained with him, for he

evolved with difficulty from that conchological era when every

roundish land shell was a Helix, and every marine shell with a long

canal stood firmly on the name of Fusus.

_ The large collections which he brought together were almost

wholly made up of Jamaican and Haitan forms both marine and

land. They were large and of undoubted scientific value, although

their beauty was marred by the presence of too many dead and worn

specimens of the commoner species which he seemingly lacked the

courage to throw away. His shells were mounted upon glass slides

the specimens fixed by cement and the names and localities painted

upon the glass in white. What appeared to be a most unsatisfactory

cabinet method he assured me was made necessary in that tropical

climate by the swarms of insect pests which would relish paper trays

and labels.

Owing to the lack of modern titles in his library Mr. Vendryes

was much handicapped in his literary labors. He acknowledged the

necessity of anatomical work and fully approved of the more modern

methods of biological research, but before such a task as applied by

himself to his collections he sank back exhausted.

Notwithstanding such discouragements Mr. Vendryes published

an excellent list of Jamaica shells which is to-day the best we have,

and he also had in preparation the great undertaking of a monograph

of the most exhaustive kind, of the Jamaican fauna. He gave mea

section of this MS of literally hundreds of pages of closely written

(in his own hand) observations, critical notes, descriptions, synon-

omy, etc., and asked me to find a publisher for it in the United

States. The preparation of this unpublished monograph involving

as it must have done an enormous amount of physical as well as

mental effort, was, after all, a labor of love, and from the way he

handled the MS it was apparent how he loved the monument he was

with such infinite pains building for himself.

THE NAUTILUS.

VoL. XXII. FEBRUARY, 1908. No. 10.

HYGROMIA HISPIDA (LINNZEUS) IN MAINE.

BY N. W. LERMOND.

In 1964 I found a snail considerably smaller in size than Polygyra

fraterna Say, and very numerous on walls of old lime quarries, on

wooden sidewalks and on the under sides of rocks from the lime

quarries at Rockland, Knox County, Maine. Specimens sent Dr.

Pilsbry for identification were pronounced by him Hygromia hispida

(Linn.), and the first record for this species for the state of Maine.

In his 1898 list of ** Land Shells of America North of Mexico,”

on page 3, Prof. Pilsbry gives Hygromia hispida (Linn.) as found

at Quebec and Levis, Quebec, Canada—‘‘a species of northern

Europe, imported.” In 1905 I found them quite as plentiful in and

about old lime quarries at Thomaston, and in 1906 collected them in

a garden in the same town under cabbage plants. They literally

“‘swarmed”’ on the ground and on the under side of the cabbage

heads. This garden is on the banks of ‘‘ Mill River,” and near a

lime kiln.

This season I found them just as numerous—and they are by far

the most abundant species in this locality—in the Rockland and

Thomaston localities, but have not as yet found them elsewhere in

the county, although they quite likely are already established in the

lime quarries of Camden and Rockport.

110 THE NAUTILUS.

ON CERTAIN IMMATURE ANCULOSZ.

BY BRYANT WALKER. v

oF

Anculosa prarosa was described by Say in 1824 from specimens

collected at the falls of the Ohio. In the following year he de-

scribed a second species from the north fork of the Holston River in

Virginia as A. subglobosa.

In 1838 Dr. Lea described a very small bicarinate species from

Cincinnati as A. ctncinnatiensis, and, in 1845, another species from

‘¢ Tennessee and Tuscaloosa, Ala.,’”’ as A. tintinnabulum.

Tryon in his preliminary ‘Synonymy of the Strepomatidae”’

(1865) stated that cincinnatiensis was ‘‘ undoubtedly the quite young

of prerosa,” and placed tintinnabulum as a variety under subglobosa.

He considered A. virgata Lea, a small, smooth, rounded form, to be

the young of tintinnabulum and A, globula Lea, a very similar but

more globose shell, the immature form of subglobosa.

In 1871, Dr. James Lewis published a paper in the American

Journal of Conchology (VI, p. 216) on the shells of the Holston

River, in which he identified a small bicarinate form from that river

as A. cincinnatiensis, and, by a series of specimens graded in size,

satisfied himself that this form was the young of Lea’s tintinnabulum.

He further states that ‘‘some of the varieties (so-called) of An-

culosa prerosa have bicarinate young, but their forms are such that

when the dimensions of Mr. Lea’s typical cincinnatiensis (diameter

.16 inch) they do not exactly, but only approximately, correspond

thereto, and therefore must yield to the claims of titinnabulum.”

Dr. Lewis did not specify the peculiar characteristics of the young

of A. prerosa, as distinguished from the young of tintinnabulum,

beyond stating that the species is extremely variable and that ‘in

one variety carine are scarcely discernible in the smallest specimens.

In others there are traces of carine upon shells of nearly or quite 4

inch in diameter.”

In regard to A. subglobosa he described the young as ‘‘ smooth,

shining, depressed, subglobose, with a somewhat pointed, elevated

apex,’ and states that in his numerous series of that species ‘‘ none

are carinate, nor can I find any evidence by which I might identify

subglobosa with tintinnabulum.”

His conclusion therefore was that Lea’s cincinnatiensis was the

THE NAUTILUS. 111

very young of a valid species distinct from both pra@rosa and sub-

globosa, of which A. tintinnabulum was the adult form.

Subsequently Tryon reviewed Dr. Lewis’ paper (Am. Jour. of

Con., VII, p. 86) and, without discussing at all the facts on which

the latter had based his conclusions, reiterated his former conclu-

sions, stating that Mr. Anthony did not find tintinnabulum in the

Ohio, but did find cincinnatiensis, and satisfied himself that it was

the young of prerosa and that he, himself, had examined “ thou-

sands of specimens from many localities” and was “ fully convinced

that subglobosa and tintinnabulum are the same species.” And this

position was maintained in his elaborate monograph of the Strepo-

matide published by the Smithsonian Institution in 1873.

Since then, so far as I have been able to ascertain, nothing has

been published on the subject.

It is obvious that, if these different forms of Azculosa exhibit as

claimed by Lewis persistent and characteristic differences in the

young shell, a valuable standard of comparison can be established,

which will, when thoroughly worked out, enable us to definitely

determine their relationships and their claims to specific or varietal

recognition. And although, for a complete solution of the questions

of synonymy involved, full suites of all ages of all the different forms

would be necessary, any detailed information will be of value, both

as leading the way towards the final settlement of the matter and as

an incentive to further investigation and systematic work in the

field for the acquisition of the material still necessary for successful

results. For these reasons, the following notes have been compiled

and, with full recognition of the fact that they are necessarily in-

complete and quite insufficient for any broad generalizations and are

of value only so far as they deal with material under observation,

are published with the hope that they may lead others to review the

material in their possession and incite additional effort toward

securing the missing links.

I. ANCULOSA PR#ROSA Say. PI. X., figs. 1-6.

Unfortunately I have not been able to obtain any of the minute

young of this species from the Ohio River, the smallest specimens

seen having passed the carinate stage. But from a comparison of

these with those of corresponding size and development from a very

complete series of all sizes, ranging from .0125 mm. in diameter to

112 THE NAUTILUS.

the fully matured shell, from the Tennessee river at Florence, Ala.,

collected by Mr. A. A. Hinkley, there seems to be no doubt but that

the changes in growth of the two series have been identical.

The minute young in the Florence series have the apical whorls

carinate and the body-whorl bicarinate. I have no difficulty in

identifying this form with Lea’s cincinnatiensis. The type had four

whorls and measured 4 mm. in height by 3.5 in diameter. As a

standard for comparison I have selected an individual of exactly

these dimensions (Fig. 1); although most of the specimens of that

diameter are more depressed, the altitude and width being substan-

tially the same.

This specimen agrees with the original diagnosis in every par-

ticular with one exception. Lea states that the type had three

bands and that the two carinze were colored. Whether the three

bands included the two carinal bands, he does not say. All of my

specimens, with one exception, exhibit four bands within the aper-

ture. ‘Two are carinal, one is between the upper carina and the

suture, and the fourth between the lower carina and the umbilical

depression, ‘These bands are continuous or broken into spots, and

sometimes the upper and lower pairs are more or less confluent.

The exception has only the upper pair of bands, the lower carina

and basal area being uncolored. I do not regard the variation in

banding of any material importance and, therefore, have no

hesitation in proceeding on the assumption that these bicarinate

individuals are the cincinnatiensis of Lea. As shown by Fig. 1, the

typical form of A. cineinnatiensis has four whorls; the spire is

acutely conical, its whorls flattened and bounded below by the pro-

jecting carina, the suture of the succeeding whorls being on the

under side of the carina and slightly within the outer edge; the

body whorl is strongly bicarinate, flattened above the superior

carina, concave between the carinze and with the basal are area

flattened and very oblique. The shell is rather translucent, light

horn-color, more or less tinged with green; apex is red, lighter than

the supracarinal band, and the bands dark reddish-brown; the

superior band is broad and on the apical whorls fills nearly the en-

tire space between the carina and the suture, so that the whorls

appear wholly dark colored ; the basal band is broad, the color ex-

tending to same degree over the entire umbilical area; the columella

is more or less tinged with purple. The aperture is large ‘‘ rounded,”’

THE NAUTILUS. 113

but slightly modified, however, by the carine. The nepionic whorl

is smooth, or very slightly and irregularly roughened or pitted; this

perhaps may be the result of incipient erosion. Below this, the

lines of growth on the second and third whorls are strong, straight

and quite regular, and intersecting these are numerous stronger,

parallel, revolving strie, which give a reticulated appearance to the

surface ; on the fourth whorl the revolving lines sensibly diminish

in strength and towards the aperture become subobsolete. This

sculpture is uniformly present and is apparently characteristic of the

bicarinate form. The persistence of the revolving lines varies in

different individuals. Usually they fade out as the shell assumes

the globose form, but occasionally continue until the shell is nearly

mature.

There is considerable variation in the height of the apical whorls.

Most of the specimens in the bicarinate stage are more depressed

than the type and the carina is less prominent on the superior whorls.

Fig. 2 is the most depressed individual seen, and the spire is wholly

flattened with no projection of the carina above the body whorl.

As the shell increases in size, the superior carina becomes less

prominent, the lip of the lower whorl rises and gradually passes over

its edge, and, thenceforth, the shallow suture characteristic of the

mature shell is maintained. Erosion begins, the acute spire and,

generally, all the sculptured whorls disappear, and the shell assumes

the characteristic globular shape of maturity.

During this stage, the carine progressively diminish in strength

and become mere angles and finally disappear. ‘The groove between

them widens and becomes plane and persists in the half-grown and

mature shells as the characteristic flattening of the body whorl.

The superior carina is the less persistent and completely disappears

in the regularly rounded curve of the upper part of the whorl. The

lower carina and the resulting angle remain longer in evidence and

cause in the mature shell the greater width of the lower part of the

body whorl. The carine persist longer in the more conical speci-

mens (Fig. 4) than in the depressed individuals (Fig. 3). For

comparison with this stage in the Florence series, the smallest ex-

ample seen from the Falls of Ohio is figured (Fig. 5). It measures

5.5x5.5 mm. The apical whorls are somewhat eroded, but enough

is left to show that they were carinate and had the characteristic

sculpture ascribed to cineinnatiensis. They are more depressed

114 THE NAUTILUS.

than any of the Florence series, and the body whorl is much more

gibbous. This feature is still more emphasized in a small series of

prerosa from the Ohio at Golconda, Ills., also collected by Mr.

Hinkley. In these (Fig. 6), as the shell advances beyond the

bicarinate stage, the lip passes over the superior carina and overlaps

the preceding whorl, forming a slight shoulder around it, so that

upon the completion of an entire whorl, the spire appears, as it were,

in a flattened depression with the short, apical elevation in the

centre. Whether this is constant in the prerosa of the Ohio, the

series under examination is too small to establish. But the simi-

larity of the specimen from the Falls of the Ohio (the type locality)

suggests that it may be. It is very desirable that a full series of all

sizes from the Ohio should be examined, so that the manner of

growth of the typical form may be definitely determined.

_ By a careful selection of the less eroded specimens, the whole

process of growth can be traced from the typical bicarinate form of

the young to the smooth rotundity of the adult shell and there is

apparently no question but that the cincinnatiensis of Lea is the

young of the prerosa of Say.

II]. ANCULOSA SUBGLOBOSA Say.

This species, in some localities at least, seems to be less subject to

erosion than its associated species of the genus; and specimens nearly

if not quite mature, with perfect apices, are not uncommon. The

tracing of the growth of the shell from the early stages to maturity

is, therefore, a matter of comparative ease.

The series of young shells in the Lewis collection, of which the

smallest (Fig. 9) measures alt. 3.25, diam. 3.55 mm., with one ex-

ception, is very uniform, and there can be no doubt but that they are

the young of the typical form as figured by Tryon (Mon. figs. 799

and 800). They are gibbous, translucent, light horn-color, unicol-

ored or banded, smooth and shining, apex acutely conical, the tip

tinged with dark brown, whorls rounded, suture well impressed, with

no trace of any carina whatever. The shell increases very rapidly

in size, but retains its peculiar form until nearly mature. For com-

parison with Figs. 3 and 8 a larger specimen (5x5 mm.) is also fig-

ured (Fig. 10).

The exception above noted (Fig. 11) is quite different in shape

and would seem to be specifically distinct. It measures 5.5x5 mm.,

THE NAUTILUS. 115

and is of a light greenish-yellow and much more globular than the

others and barring the bands, which are three instead of two as

called for by the original description, has great resemblance to A.

globula of Lea. The aperture is almost exactly two-thirds of the

length of the shell. Among a small set from the Holston at Knox-

ville, Tennessee, collected by Mr. A. C. Billups, are larger speci-

mens (10x8.5 mm.) of the same form, but I have been unable to

trace it with entire satisfaction to maturity. It is, however, appar-

ently the immature form of the species that Dr. Lewis identified with

the A. virgata of Lea. But whatever the relation of the form to

subglobosa may be, it agrees with it in its smooth, shining, rounded

whorls with no impressed spiral lines and no carine.

III. A, TINTINNABULUM Lea.

Dr. Lewis’ series of this species is very complete and as he states,

there can be no question but that the bicarinate form that he identi-

fied with Lea’s cincinnatiensis is the young of tintinnabulum. But

they are quite different from the true czncinnatiensis if I am right in

my identification of that form, and seem to be specifically distinct.

Compared with cincinnatiensis of the same size, these shells (Figs. 7

and 8) have a more elevated spire and are much thicker, being quite

opaque and noticeably more heavily moulded; the surface of the

whorls above the superior carina is decidedly convex above and

excavated below as it approaches the carina, so that on the third and

fourth whorls there is a well-developed groove immediately behind

the carina; the carine are much stronger, the superior projects

upwards rather than laterally, and is formed more by the excavation

of the upper surface of the whorl behind the uplift of the intercari-

nal area, than by the lateral projection of the carina, as in cznecin-

natiensis ; the lower carina is much stronger and projects laterally ;

the intercarinal area is relatively wider and very flat, being scarcely

at all concave; the basal area is much more excavated immediately

below the inferior carina. While color is, perhaps, the least re-

liable factor in specific distinction in Anculosa, in this series it is

remarkably uniform and very striking. The shells are uniformly

light greenish-yellow with two broad reddish-brown bands on the

body whorl, one above the superior carina and the other on the basal

area immediately below the inferior carina; the apical whorls are

reddish-brown ; the intercarinal area has no band, the carine are

116 THE NAUTILUS.

noticeably lighter in color than the rest of the shell and stand out

conspicuously against the dark bands above and below them. As

the shell grows, the superior band widens and invades the region of

the superior carina, sometimes before it has entirely disappeared, and

occasionally divides into two narrow bands, the basal band persists

and in the adult the space between them represents the intercarinal

area of the young shell.

The spiral lines are uniformly present and rather stronger than in

cincinnatiensis and apparently persist longer as the shell approaches

maturity.

As the shell increases in size, the superior carina diminishes and

finally disappears entirely ; the lower carina persists much longer,

descends somewhat in position and hecomes a characteristic feature

of the half-grown shell and, in the adult, causes the bell-shaped form

which gives to the species its specific name.

IV. ConcLusions.

From the examination of the material as above detailed, the fol-

lowing conclusions may be drawn.

1. That in these species of Anculosa at least, the very young shells

have characteristics which are constant and available for specific

distinction.

2. That the young shell of A. prerosa is bicarinate and spirally

striate and was described by Lea as A. cincinnatiensis.

3. That the young shell of A. subglobosa is ecarinate and without

spiral, impressed lines.

4, That the young shell of A. téntinnabulum is bicarinate and

spirally striate, but specifically different from Lea’s cincinnatiensis.

5. That A. tintinnabulum Lea is specifically distinct from both A.

prerosa and A. subglobosa, and is a valid species.

6. That collectors and especially those in the field should give

special attention to securing full swtes of all the species of all ages,

particularly the very young, so that the exact relations of all the

described species may be definitely determined.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE X.

All the figures are on the same scale, X 48.

Fig. 1-4. A. prerosa Say—Tennessee River, Florence, Ala.

Fig. 5. A. prarosa—Falls of the Ohio.

THE NAUTILUS PLATE X,

Re eRE RCT

pic

jd. ONT

WH

\

WALKER: YOUNG STAGES OF ANCULOSA.

THE NAUTILUS. Liz

Fig. 6. A. prerosa—Ohio River, Golconda, Ills.

Fig. 7-8. A. tintinnabulum Lea—Holston River, Tenn.

Fig. 9-10. A. subglobosa Say—Holston River, Tenn.

Fig. 11. A. globula Lea?—Holston River, Tenn.

A NEW SPECIES OF PYRGULOPSIS.

BY A. A. HINKLEY. yp

The finding of a new species of Pyrgulopsis is a surprise, coming

as it does from such a well-known stream as the Wabash, a river

which has furnished many forms of shells found nowhere else north

of the Ohio river, though common in southern streams. There was

found associated with the new species Somatogyrus strengi Pilsbry

and Walker, a recently described southern species, which adds

another to that list of, shall we call it freak geographical distribution?

or is there some known cause for the occurence of southern forms in

the Wabash? It seems a little strange that no species of shells bears

the name of the Wabash river. The writer thinks now a good time

to use the name.

PYRGULOPSIS WABASHENSIS, 0. sp.

The shell is imperforate, pupiform, smooth, horn-colored ; growth

lines faint; composed of five convex whorls separated by an im-

pressed suture. The periphery is rounded or slightly angular. The

aperture oblique, ovate, angular above, rounded below. The colu-

mella a little reflected. Columellar callus thickened; on the

parietal wall the outside edge straight and raised.

Length .12, diam. .06 of an inch.

Found in shallow water of the Wabash river, at the Chains in

Posey county, Indiana, by the writer’s son, George Hinkley. Com-

pared with P. mississippiensis this species is smaller, has not the

angular or carinate body whorl, the spire is not so acutely conical,

and the aperture is not as wide. The mississipiensis is conical with -

flat whorls ; this species is pupiform with rounded whorls. Some

examples of wabashensis have a slight shoulder on the penultimate

whorl just above the suture, others have an impressed line on the

body wkorl a little distance below the suture.

118 THE NAUTILUS.

Examples are in the collections of the Academy of Natural

Science, Philadelphia; The National Museum; The Chicago

Academy of Science, Mr. Bryant Walker, and the writer.

NOTES ON SOME AUSTRALIAN UNIONIDZ.

BY L. S. FRIERSON.

A series of shells covering nearly the whole range of species

credited to Australia having been received from the well-known

conchologist, Mr. Wm. T. Bednall of Adelaide, reveals several inter-

esting points, which may constitute as many ‘‘ addenda and corri-

genda”’ to Mr. C. T. Simpson’s “‘ Synopsis of the Naiades.”’

_ Page 891. Unio bednalli Tate was described in 1882, Proceed-

ings Royal Society of South Australia, page 56. The shell, as

evidenced by notes, and a fine series of specimens from Mr. Bednall,

is not a form of Diplodon australis (Lam.) Hanley, but is much

nearer to D. wilsonii Lea (= stuarti Adams and Angas). <A speci-

men of bednalli is over 34 inches long by 12 high, whereas a speci-

men of D. australis var. legrandi (an elongated variety) is 3 inches

long and 2 inches high). WD. bednalli Tate therefore should be

removed asa synonym of australis, and restored to specific rank,

from whence, should it ever be degraded, it must fall under D. wil-

soniz Lea, as a variety.

A series of shells labeled U. angasiz Lea revealed the follow-

ing facts: U. angasii, credited to MSS. of Lea, was described by

Sowerby in Conchologia Iconica, and placed by Mr. Simpson as a

synonym of D. shuttleworthit Lea. A casual observation of the lot

seemed to indicate two species. A critical study of both the actual

specimens with the original descriptions of both species confirmed

this impression. Diplodon shuttleworthii Lea (besides being appar-

ently larger) has a deeply and coarsely sulcated disc, and is covered

with a heavy, thick, scaly epidermis resembling that of D. cucumotdes.

On the other hand the D. angasii Sowerby is apparently a smaller

species, is much thinner, with a smooth surface and covered with a

thin epidermis, with nothing more than jine sulcations, scarcely

noticeable. But as a final clincher, a young specimen of D. angasti

(having beaks so perfect as to show the glochidial shell) shows a

THE NAUTILUS. 119

beak having not a trace of radial sculpture, but only a fine, concen-

tric sulcation. Hence the shell not only is not D. shuttleworthit, but

strictly speaking is not even a Diplodon. The beaks of D. shuttle-

worthii have ‘ strongly, irregularly radiate, curved bars.”

Mr. Bednall was unable to procure for me a single example of D.

vittatus Lea, or D. evansti A. & A., or of D. wilsoniz, having un-

eroded beaks. But from the general similarity of the shells, it is, I

believe, more than probable that a subgenus composed of these and

possibly other Australian shells, having concentric beak sculpture or

none, should be made and the definition of Diplodon be correspond-

ingly broadened. ,

NOTES.

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.—Among the amendments to the Postal

Laws and Regulations, to take effect Jan. 1, 1908, is the following

—‘‘ a reasonable time will be allowed publishers to secure renewal of

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[monthlies within four months] they shall not be counted in the

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PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

A New Preropop rrom New Encianp.—By C. H. Danforth,

(Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. xxxiv, pp. 1-19, pl. 1-4).

This new pteropod, Pzdoclione doliiformis, which also proves to

be a new genus, was taken in the plankton of Casco Bay, Me., on the

nights of Aug. 28 and Sept. 5, 6,7 and 8, 1902. On a hasty ex-

amination it was referred to a larva of some gymnosomatous

pteropod. Later, in making some sections, they were found to be

sexually matured adults. ‘ This genus does not properly fall under

any established family although perhaps it approaches most nearly

the Clionidx, from which it differs in having an odd number of

cephalocones and in having the entire posterior part of the body

filled by the viscera.”” The species is described as: ‘‘ Transparent ;

120 THE NAUTILUS.

barrel-shaped ; small, about 1.5 mm. in length ; head when expanded

elliptical in outline ; anterior ciliated band broken up into segments ;

expanded parapodia (wings) flat, long-ovate; middle lobe of foot

rather large.” The author gives a very exhaustive account of its

general features, musculature, digestive and nervous systems, heart

and nephridium, and the reproductive system. The paper is illus-

trated by four plates and two figures in the text.—C. W. J.

THe HALioTis oR ABALONE INDUSTRY OF THE CALIFORNIAN

Coast.—By Mrs. M. Burton Williamson (Am, Hist. Soc. S. Cal.,

vol. vii, pp. 22-30, 1907). An exceedingly interesting account of

this important industry. The law protecting these shells is like the

law protecting the lobster on the Atlantic. The young are pro-

tected but those which produce young are not. The author asks the

pertinent question—‘“ If these mollusks are destroyed as soon as old

enough to propagate, of what use to the State is the preservation of

the young?” ‘The present method in time can only lead to their

extermination. The shells should be protected at least during their

breeding period.—C. W. J.

Tue Mo.tiusca oF Mast Heap REEF, CAPRICORN GROUP,

QUEENSLAND, Pt. II.—By C. Hedley (Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S.

Wales, vol. 32, pp. 476-5138, pls. 16-21, 1907). In this paper 37

new species are described and beautifully figured. A list containing

some 447 species from this reef, procured within a week, in a six-

mile radius from one spot, shows the richness of the fauna.

THe PYRAMIDELLID MOLLUSKS OF THE OREGONIAN FAUNAL

ArEA—By Witiiam H. Darr and Paut Bartscu (Proc. U. S.

Nat. Mus., XX XIII, pp. 491-534, pls. 44-48, 1907). The species

described in this paper have been selected from a monograph of West

American Pyramidellide upon which the authors have been at work

for some time, but which has been unavoidably delayed. The

Oregonian Faunal Area includes the region extending from the

northern limit of the Alexander Archipelago southward along the

coast to Pt. Conception, Cal. Thirty-eight new forms are described

and beautifully figured together with many others already known

imperfectly from this region.—C. W. J.

WHE NAUTILUS.

VoL. XXI. MARCH, 1908. No. 11.

MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF THE SAN BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS,

CALIFORNIA.

BY S. S. BERRY.

In view of the extraordinary researches carried on in the neigh-

boring regions of Arizona and New Mexico by Messrs. Ashmun,

Ferriss, Pilsbry, and other recent collectors, the writer has often

wondered what might be the result of an equally diligent effort in

the mountain ranges of Southern California. But little work seems

to have been done in the region, and reports on that little are scat-

tered and fragmentary.

During the month of August, 1907, the writer spent two weeks

camping in the San Bernardino Mountains, California, and although

he had other business on hand than the advancement of a hobby, he

kept his eyes open for mollusks, and is thus enabled to add another

fragment to the records.

The San Bernardino Mountains range in height from about five

thousand to nearly twelve thousand feet above sea-level, and abound

in grand and beautiful scenery. Extending, as they do in an

easterly-westerly direction, the northern slope of the mountains

drains into the Mojave Desert, the southern into the Pacific. No

mollusks whatever were found in the desert drainage, but the writer

was able to give only a superficial examination to all but one or two

spots, and has no doubt but that his collections represent a far from

complete index to the life of the region.

The cafions and higher regions are well wooded, but the soil is

122 THE NAUTILUS.

generally dry at this time of the year, although there are numerous

brooks and rills, with here and there an open swampy meadow or

cienaga.

Bear Lake is a partly natural, partly artificial reservoir, some five

or six miles long by perhaps a half a mile wide, and about sixty-five

hundred feet above sea-level. It is the home of multitudes of small

forms, most of them being species of wide distribution. High up on

the mountain to the south of the lake is Bluff Lake, a small summer

resort, at an altitude of 7,550 feet. In this case the ‘“‘ Lake ”’ is only

a large cienaga with a swamp at its lower end. This swamp, with

the creek which flows from it, proved a very interesting locality,

while all the land mollusks seen on the trip were found either under

sticks and logs at the edge of the meadow or nearby in the woods.

It is notable that none of the larger Helices were found, although

Glyptostoma newberryanum should occur here just as it does in the

neighboring San Gabriel Range, and I have seen living specimens

of Hpiphragmophora tudiculata W. G. B. from the base of these

mountains.

A list of the species obtained is herewith appended :

Pisidium californicum Newcomb (?). Two “somewhat different

forms”’ were thus determined by Dr. Sterki, who says that P. calh-

fornicum itself is somewhat in doubt. They occur together, and are

rather common in the quieter pools of Bluff Lake Creek, in ditches

in the meadow, and in the swamp.

A number of minute Pisidia found in a spring on a nearby hill-

side are probably young of the same.

Pisidium (sp. ?). Two specimens from the swamp are of “ differ-

ent shape from the remainder,” according to Dr. Sterki, but whether

or not distinct he was unable to say.

Musculium raymondi J. G. Cooper. Found commonly in the

swamp, and rather rarely in the creek at Bluff Lake.

Valvata (sincera, Say?) var. Bluff Lake Swamp (two speci-

mens) and in Bear Lake, where it seems fairly common on and

under stones.

Lymnea palustris Mill. A small variety of this species occurs

commonly in Bear Lake. It is extremely variable, generally tend-

ing toward the form called nuttalliana by Lea. The maximum

longitude of the numerous specimens collected in Bear Lake is but

about ten millimeters,

THE NAUTILDS. 123

Lymnea palustris nuttalliana Lea. Occurring with the preceding

in Bear Lake and intergrading with it, this form is also abundant in

Bluff Lake Creek and the swamp at its head. The specimens from

these localities are very distinct and uniform, and several hundred

examples showed no tendency to grade into typical palustris. All

the specimens found here are very much larger and less fragile than

those from Bear Lake.

Physa coopert Tryon. Common in Bear Lake, and a smaller

form was found in myriads in a watering trough on the City Creek

Cafion Road. (Alt. about 2000 ft.)

Physa sp. May be a variety of the preceding with which it

occurs in Bear Lake, but it has a much more ventricose body-whorl.

Physa politissima Tryon. Bear Lake—common. A fine, large

Bpecies.

Planorbis trivolvis Say. Bear Lake; Bluff Lake Creek; swamp

at Bluff Lake. Very common, but specimens generally much eroded.

Planorbis parvus Say. Swamp at Bluff Lake. Specimens identi-

fied by Dr. Pilsbry.

Planorbis vermicularis Gould. Not uncommon in Bear Lake.

Specimens identified by Dr. Dall. It seems to me that this species

is hardly more than a mere form of the preceding, although the

specimens from Bear Lake have a more rounded and less flattened

body-whorl, and are quite readily separated from those found in the

swamp.

Vitrina alaskana Dall. Two specimens under sticks in the

meadow at Bluff Lake.

Zonitoides arborea Say. About a dozen specimens found about

an old stump in the border of the woods at Bluff Lake.

Euconulus fulvus Draparnaud. Bluff Lake; two specimens under

logs at the edge of the meadow. This species has already been re-

ported from ‘‘ San Bernardino County” by Binney.

Vertigo occidentalis Sterki. One specimen (the type, No. 1860

of my collection) was found near a spring in the cafion side below

Bluff Lake Swamp. Diligent search on two occasions produced not

another specimen, but this was enough for Dr. Sterki to pronounce

as ‘‘ evidently of an unknown species.”’ It is described in NautiLus

XXI, p. 90, q. v.

Epiphragmophora tudiculata W. G. Binney. At the base of the

mountains near Highland (1904); near Mentone (1906); also re-

ported from above San Bernardino.

124 THE NAUTILUS.

SUBDIVISIONS OF THE TEREBRIDZ.

BY WILLIAM H. DALL. -

Having recently had occasion to review the genera of Terebride,

it seemed that the synoptical table might have some interest for

students.

Genus TEREBRA Bruguiére, 1789.

A. Presutural sulcus present.

Sculpture uniform at all ages, persistent, suture appressed, Sub-

genus STRIOTEREBRUM.

Shell short, small.

1. Sculpture reticulate. Section Strioterebrum s, s.

2. Axial sculpture emphatic, spiral obsolete. Fusoterebra.

3. Axial sculpture obsolete, spiral emphatic. Perirhoé.

Shell elongate, whorls mesially constricted.

4. Whorls nodulous at both margins. Zriplostephanus.

B. Sculpture in youth and age discrepant. Subgenus TerREsBrRa.

5. Young nodulous, sulcus persistent. Section Myurella.

6. Young nodulous, sulcus present in youth. Terebras. s.

Young axially ribbed, sulcus persistent.

7%. Adult slender, smooth. Subula.

8. Adult small, obsoletely ribbed. Abretia.

Sulcus obsolete in the adult.

9. Whorls rapidly enlarging. Oxymerts.

C. Sulcus wholly absent. Subgenus AcUMINIA.

10. Adult slender, smooth. Section Acuminia.

Genus HASTULA Adams, 1853.

Presutural sulcus absent, suture appressed.

A. Sculpture uniform, persistent.

a. Shells small, slender. Hastula s. s.

B. Sculpture discrepant.

b. Whorls rapidly enlarging. Impages.

Genus DUPLICARIA Dall, 1908.

A. Sculpture persistent, suture channeled.

a. Shell axially ribbed, sulcate. Duplicaria.

THE NAUTILUS. 125

Genus SPINEOTEREBRA Sacco, 1891.

A. Sulcus absent, suture appressed.

a. Columellar border callous, axis impervious. Spineoterebra.

b. Columellar border bare, axis pervious.' Mazatlania.

This table is not intended to exhibit all, or even the more import-

ant characters upon which the main subdivisions (which will be

treated elsewhere) are based, but is rather a key by which the shells

may be conveniently assorted. The sections are typified as follows:

Strioterebrum Sacco, 1891. 7. basteroti Nyst.

A recent example is TJ. dislocata Say.

Fusoterebra Sacco, 1891. Fusus terebrina Bonelli.

A recent example is J. benthalis Dall.

Perirhoé Dall, 1908 (nov.). 7. etreumcincta Deshayes.

An American example is Acus rushit Dall.

Triplostephanus Dall, 1908 (nov.). Terebra triseriata Gray.

This is Myurella Hinds, in part.

Terebra s.s. Lamarck, 1799. 7. subulata (Linné).

Myurella Hinds, s. 8. 1844. Terebra myuros Lam.

Subula s. s. (Schumacher, 1817) Gray, 1847. T7. dimidtata

(Linné).

Abretia H. and A. Adams, 1853. 7. cerithina Lam.

Oxymeris Dall, 1900. Terebra maculata Lam.

This is Acus Gray, 1847, not Edwards, 1771.

Acuminia Dall, 1908 (nov.). 7. lanceata (Linné).

Hastula H. and A. Adams, 1853. JT. strigillata Lam.

Impages E. A. Smith, 1873. 7. cerulescens Lam.

Duplicaria Dall, 1908 (nov). 7. duplicata Lam.

This is Myurella Troschel, not of Hinds.

Mazatlania Dall, 1903. T. aciculata Lam.

Spineoterebra Sacco, 1891. 7. spinulosa Doderlein. Mivcene.

Mazatlania is Euryta Adams, 18538, not of Gistel, 1848.

1T use the term “ pervious ” technically, to denote an axis gyrate about an

empty space which penetrates the center of the shell internally, in contradis-

tinction to ‘ umbilicate ” or “ perforate,” which would imply a space external

to the inner wall of the whorls and circumscribed by them.

126 THE NAUTILUS.

NEW SPECIES OF ANCYLIDZ.

BY BRYANT WALKER. /

Te

NEOPLANORBIS SMITHII n. sp. Pl. IX, figs. 1 and 2.

Shell minute, planorboid, perforate, slightly convex above and

below ; periphery obtusely angulate ; thin, translucent, whitish, shin-

ing with a silky luster from the fine, closely set, regular lines of

growth. No trace of spiral sculpture. Whorls 2, rapidly enlarging ;

apex sunken ; the last half of the first whorl elevated above the out-

line of the body whorl; apical whorl convex, the convexity rapidly

diminishing towards the aperture; suture well impressed, rising

somewhat at the aperture; aperture large, oblique, slightly ex-

panded, equally curved above and below; columellar margin dilated,

straight and vertical, callously thickened below, smooth ; umbilicus

a mere perforation.

Alt. 1, diam. 2 mm.

Types (No. 27149, Coll. Walker) from the Coosa river at Hig-

gin’s Ferry, Chilton Co., Ala. Co-types in the collection of T. H.

Aldrich, Geo. H. Clapp, John B. Henderson, Jr., and the Phila-

delphia Academy.

This little species differs from tantdllus and all the other known

forms of the genus by the entire absence of spiral sculpture and the

elevation of the spire above the level of the body whorl. The animal

is black and the shell consequently appears of that color until cleaned.

NEOPLANORBIS UMBILICATUS n. sp. Pl, IX, figs. 3 and 4.

Shell minute, planorboid, umbilicate, convex above and below,

but flattened above as it approaches the aperture and obliquely flat-

tened below the periphery ; periphery obtusely carinate ; brownish

horn-color ; lines of growth fine and regular; surface sculptured by

raised spiral lines, which are heavier below than above the periphery.

Whorls 2, rapidly enlarging, apex sunken ; apical whorl very con-

vex ; body whorl nearly flat in the sutural region, but curving down

rapidly toward the peripheral carination ; suture well impressed and

depressed below the periphery at the aperture; aperture large,

wider than high, flattened above and below, the upper and lower

margins being nearly parallel, obliquely flattened below the per-

iphery; columellar margin broadly dilated, curved and partially

THE NAUTILUS, XXI PLATE'TX,

WALKER’ NEW SPECIES OF ANCYLIDA®

THE NAUTILUS. 127

covering the umbilicus; columella curved, with a heavy callus and

obtuse tubercle in the center; umbilicus round and deep. The

animal is yellowish.

Alt. 1, diam. 2 mm.

Types (No. 27150 Coll. Walker) from the Coosa River at ‘ The

Bar” 24 miles above Yellowleaf Creek, Chilton Co., Ala. Cotypes

in the collection of T. H. Aldrich, Geo. H. Clapp, John B. Hender-

son, Jr., and the Philadelphia Academy.

This species resembles tantil/us in being spirally striate but differs

in being umbilicate and in having a tooth on the columella, as well

as in the general shape. It does not resemble smthit in any of its

special features, and differs from carinatus in being more obtusely

carinate and in the wider umbilicus and stronger spiral striation.

NEOPLANORBIS CARINATUS n. sp. Pl. IX, figs. 17 and 18.

Shell minute, planorboid, narrowly umbilicate, nearly flat above,

convex below, but obliquely flattened below the peripheral carina,

which is strong, but rather blunt; pale horn-color; lines of growth

fine, closely set and regular, sculptured above by a few fine sub-

obsolete spiral lines, stronger towards the periphery ; under surface

with numerous fine spiral lines heavier than on the upper. Whorls

2, rapidly enlarging ; apex sunken ; apical whorl somewhat flattened

above, convexly rounded at the periphery which, at about the be-

ginning of the body whorl, becomes angulate and then carinate ; the

body whorl above is slightly convex in the center, but flattened

toward the suture, and ‘‘ pinched out ” at the periphery to form the

carina; suture well impressed, descending toward the aperture below

the periphery ; aperture large, much wider than high and auricu-

lated at the periphery by the carina; upper and lower margins flat-

tened and nearly parallel; columellar margin dilated, free, slightly

curved back over the small, round umbilicus, and obtusely angled

where it joins the basal margin; columella somewhat thickened,

with a small obtuse tubercle at about the center.

Alt. 1, diam. 2 mm.

Types (No. 27151, Coll. Walker) from the Coosa river at Dun-

can’s Riffle, Coosa Co., Ala. Cotypes in the collections of T. H.

Aldrich, Geo. H. Clapp, John B. Henderson, Jr., and the Phila-

delphia Academy.

In form the species reminds one of a minute Planorbis oper-

128 THE NAUTILUS.

cularis Gld., its most prominent characteristic being the nearly

plane upper surface with a strong peripheral carina. It resembles

umbilicatus in being spirally striate and having a columellar tooth,

but differs in the greater development of the carina, narrower umbili-

cus and in having the spiral lines much weaker. It differs from

tantillus in the greater development of the carina, in the small but

round umbilicus, dentate columella and weaker spiral striation. The

animal is black.

All these species of Neoplanorbis were discovered by Mr. Herbert

H. Smith in the fall of 1907. They live on the under sides of stones

in the more or less rapid current and in suitable localities are very

abundant. Mr. Smith took 50 from one small stone. Meoplanorbis

seems very local in its distribution. It may be abundant on one

shoal and not found at all on another. And on the same shoal, it is

frequently restricted to one side of the river or the other.

In his progress down the river in 1907, Mr. Smith did not find

Neoplanorbis at all, until he reached Cedar Island, Chilton Co.,

three miles above the mouth of the Yellowleaf Creek, where a single

specimen of wmbilicatus was found.

At ‘“ The Bar” two miles further down umbilicatus was found in

some abundance on stones in a strong current, while at the same

place carinatus was found in a moderate current. There was no

intermingling of the species in these two situations. Umbilicatus

was not met with below this point.

At Butting Ram Shoals, five miles below, in a moderate current,

the catch was almost entirely carinatus, the exception being three

specimens of smithiv.

At Higgins’ Ferry, seven miles further down stream, in a moderate

current, with the exception of a single example of carinatus, the

several hundred specimens were all smithii.

While at Duncan’s Riffle seven miles below, the catch contained

two specimens of smithit, the balance being carinatus.

Duncan’s Riffle is twenty-four miles by river above Wetumpka, so

that, in view of these facts, it is not surprising that JV. tantillus was

not met with at all.

The following key may be of assistance in differentiating the four

species of Neoplanorbis now known :

1. Umbilicate, columella dentate. ........3.

2. Perforate, columella smooth. . ......s +t

THE NAUTILUS. . 129

Periphery carinate, umbilicus narrow. . . . . . carinatus.

P A Seciphery obtusely angled, umbilicus wider. . . . umbilicatus.

Spirally striate, periphery carinate . . . . . . . tantillus.

* (No spiral strie, periphery rounded , . . . . . . smithi.

VITREA LEWISIANA N. SP.

BY GEO. H. CLAPP.

Shell small, depressed widely, perspectively umbilicate, all whorls

showing to the apex, umbilicus contained about five times in the

diameter of the shell ; yellowish-white, translucent, the inner whorls

QHLe) =

Upper figures, Vitrea lewisiana Clapp. Type, x8.

Lower figures, ‘ dalliana ‘Simpson’ Pils. x8. Miami, Fla.

showing through the body of the shell, highly polished ; the delicate

growth lines are very regularly spaced and close together, smooth

below. Spire much flattened; sutures well impressed, margined ;

whorls 34, slightly convex, the last wide. Aperture oblong-lunate,

depressed above, lower margin parallel with the base, lip simple.

Gr. diam. 34, lesser 2.8, alt. 14 mm.

Type from Monte Sano, near Huntsville, Ala., also found at

Wetumpka and Gurley, Ala., so probably extends over the whole

eastern part of the state. Rare. Collected by Herbert H. Smith.

130 THE NAUTILUS.

I name this species in honor of the late Dr. Jas. Lewis, whose

work on the southern mollusca is well known.

The color, and particularly the very regular, close lines of growth

at once distinguish this shell from all other species. It is perhaps

nearest to V. dalliana, but differs in color, shape and sculpture. In

dalliana there is a very minute spiral sculpture, not mentioned in

the original description, and only visible under a magnification of

about 60 diameters.

NOTES.

Nore on HELIX HORTENSIS.—In my article on the distribution

of Helix hortensis (Tue Nauritus, XX, p. 78, 1906). I over-

looked a very interesting article by Robert Bell, Jr., ‘On the

Natural History of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and the distribution of

the mollusca of Eastern Canada.”’ (The Canadian Naturalist and

Geologist, IV p. 215, 1859). As the note on ZH. hortensis has an

important bearing on its distribution and is probably inaccessible to

many, I quote it in full: ‘It seems scarcely credible that this

species has been imported from Europe, considering how widely

diffused and vastly numerous it has become along the Lower St.

Lawrence. On the mainland it was first observed on Mount Com-

mis, about nine miles south of St. Luce and on the coast at Metir, -

where it was abundant and below which it seems to occupy the place

of H. albolabris, but is generally much more numerous. In 1857, I

found vast numbers of them on the Brandy Pots and Hare Island in

the middle of the St. Lawrence opposite Riviére du Loup. The

climate of Gaspé seems to be very favorable to their propagation, as

they appear to have spread over the country for a considerable dis-

tance in land. The yellow and banded varieties seem to be about

equally numerous. Where land has been recently cleared and burnt

over, their withered shells may be seen strewed in thousands over the

surface of the soil. In the valley of the Marcouin they were

observed to extend 12 miles inland, which was farther than at any

other place. The height at which the last specimen was found was

about 1500 feet above the sea, as indicated by the barometer which

we had with us. The young from the size of a grain of duck shot

to half that of the adult shell were met with in our journey up this

valley in the end of July.” With this record as a basis it would be

THE NAUTILUS. 131

interesting to know to what extent the species has spread during the

past fifty years, or whether with advancing civilization and the

clearing and burning of the woods it has diminished. We have no

recent records outside of the Gaspé region.—C. W. JoHNSON.

WE regret to announce the death of Charles Abbott Davis,

Curator of the Roger Williams Park Museum, Providence, R. I.

He died January 29, at the age of thirty-nine years,

Norte oN TURBONILLA CASTANEA AND ODOSTOMIA MONTEREY-

ENSIS.—In the hurry of departure for the Philippine Islands, Dr.

Bartsch applied to two new Pyramidellids in our recent paper (No.

1574) in the U. S. Nat. Museum Proceedings, the names Turbonilla

( Pyrgiscus) castanea (p.509) and Odostomia (Amaura) montereyensis

D. and B., (p. 531). These names being preoccupied, I propose to

substitute J. (P.) castanella and O. (A.) canfieldi.— Wm. H. Datu.

MILAX GAGATES AND VITREA CELLARIA IN COLORADO.—Four

of my students, Messrs. Walter Groom, Floyd House, Merrit Hunt

and William Winner, recently examined the greenhouses of Boulder

for Mollusca, to be used for class purposes. Quite to my surprise,

they obtained five species, two of which had not previously been

found in Colorado. JV. alliaria was first found in Colorado last

year, also in a Boulder greenhouse. The species obtained were:

(1) Milax gagates (Drap.). Many, of various ages, all of the

variety plumbea, and with the keel rather inconspicuous in life.

They probably came from the Pacific coast, and represent the hewstont

form, which I have never been able to separate from gagates.

(2) Agriolimax agrestis (L.). Several, from light reddish to

almost wholly black.

(3) Agriolimax campestris (Binney). One.

(4) Vitrea cellaria (Muller). Many specimens, some of good size.

(5) Vitrea alliaria (Miller). Several, with the garlic odor very

strong.

P. S., Feb. 6.—The examination of the Boulder greenhouses has

been continued, and to-day Mr. Ivan Beck brought in a number of

Vitrea lucida (Drap.), also new to Colorado. One specimen has a

diameter of almost 15 mm. There was also secured an example of

Vitrea cellaria, var. margaritacea Schmidt, the white variation. As

the introduced species of Vitrea are not very generally known, a

brief table may,be of service.

132 THE NAUTILUS.

Shell small, about 6 mm. diameter; shell and animal both quite

dark ; in life nearly always with a strong garlic odor.

V. alliaria (Miller).

Shell much larger when mature, and not smelling of garlic.

Shell about 10 mm. diameter, compact, nearly circular in out-

line, pale brownish or (var. margaritacea) white; animal

pale, darker dorsally. V. cellaria (Miller).

Shell larger when mature, broader, with the last whorl broader

and flatter, dark-colored ; animal very dark bluish or bluish

slate, the basis of the upper tentacles swollen.

V. lucida (Draparnaud).

T. D. A. CocKERELL.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

BERMUDA IN PERIODICAL LITERATURE, with occasional refer-

ences to other works: A Bibliography, by George Watson Cole

1907. Pp. xii+275. ‘* By far the greater part of what has been

written concerning Bermuda has appeared in various periodicals and

the publications of learned societies. These writings may roughly

be divided into historical and descriptive, and those relating to natural

history. Of history, properly speaking, little has appeared; but

many descriptive articles have been written by tourists and others

who have visited those beautiful islands. Their geographical situa-

tion and subtropical fauna and flora early attracted the attention of

those interested in scientific phenomena. Soon after beginning this

work it became apparent to the compiler that the Bermudas have for

the past half-century been a favorite field of the zodlogist, botanist

and geologist. Bearing this in mind, a special effort has been made

to render the record of their labors as complete as possible. In

order to do this, references are made to some works which are

not periodicals, mostly, however, by authors who have also made

contributions to periodical literature concerning the flora and fauna

of those islands.”’

The scope of this work is sufficiently indicated in the above quota-

tion from the author’s preface. Mr. Cole has made the bibliography

of Bermuda a labor of love for many years, and the number of titles

brought together here will surprise even those who have been inter-

ested in things Bermudian. The notes given under all important

titles amount to a digest of the papers. Thus in dealing with biolo-

gical articles, all species described from Bermuda are cited, and ex-

tracts are given to show what of interest any paper contains. To the

naturalist interested in Bermuda the work will take its place as an

indispensable reference book; but Mr. Cole’s delightful notes give

the opus a merit all its own; it is really a readable a Sir

THE NAUTILUS.

Von. XXI. APRIL, 1908. No. 12.

NOTES ON PLATE XI.

Several references to the figures grouped on this plate were pub-

lished before the plate was made up, and require correction in the

text.

Figs. 1, 2, 3, Polygyra martensicna Pils., Tampico, Mexico.

Described in the July number, p, 26. The dimensions are wrongly

given in the text. The type measures, alt. 5.5, diam. 11 mm.,

another specimen, alt, 4.8, diam. 8.8 mm.

Fig. 4, Fluminicola minutissima Pils. Idaho. Description in

November number, p. 76. Alt. 1.5 mm.

Fig. 5, Vertigo occidentulis Sterki. Bluff Lake, San Bernardino

Co., California. Described on p. 90. In our opinion this form

should be ranked as a subspecies under V. modesta nearest to V.

modesta castanea St., from which it differs in the shorter, wider, less

cylindrie shape, and the slightly larger teeth. If this view is correct

it will stand, as V. modesta occidentalis, among several other slightly

differentiated races of modesta, all variable, and especially developed

in the Canadian zone of the Rocky Mountains.' JV. m. occidentalis is

illustrated from the unique type, by courtesy of Mr. S. S. Berry.

It is No. 1860 of his collection. See also p. 123.

Figs. 6-10, Micrarionta desertorum Pils. & Ferr. Described on p.

134. H: A. P.

'See in this connection the figures in Pilsbry and Vanatta, Partial Revision

of the American Pupz, 1900, p. 600, pl. 23.

184 ) THE NAUTILUS.

A NEW MICRARIONTA FROM ARIZONA.

BY H. A. PILSBRY AND J. H. FERRISS.

When at the Grand Canyon of the Colorado in the autumn of

1906 the writers met Mr. W. J. Gilchrist, who at that time was about

to leave the Canyon for the mining region of the lower Colorado. Be-

sides various friendly and helpful services in connection with our

work at the Canyon, Mr. Gilchrist volunteered to look out for snails

in the region he was about to visit. It was with a great deal of

pleasure that one of us received a letter and package of snails, making

good his offer of assistance.

In that desert country snails are not common, and for a long

time none were found. Finally, Mr. Gilchrist writes, “ I was build-

ing a stone monument on a mining claim just after a heavy rain and

found three live snails on a rock. These and four dead ones were

all I have been able to find. They came from a small range of

mountains 12 miles south from Parker, Yuma Co., Arizona.”

The snails prove to be of a new species, which may be described

as follows.

MICRARIONTA DESERTORUM D. sp._ Plate xi, figs. 6-10.

The shell is small, depressed, openly umbilicate, the width of

umbilicus contained nearly 5 times in that of the shell, glossy, opaque,

pinkish-white with some oblique streaks of flesh-color, and sometimes

a few corneous dots; the inner 24 whorls fleshy-corneous. The

spire is convex but very low, whorls about 43, the inner ones rather

slowly increasing, the last much wider, about double the width of the

preceding. The embryonic shell consists of 14 whorls, the first

fourth of a whorl smooth, the rest with close, even sculpture of min-

ute papillz, which are lengthened in a direction parallel to the

sutures, and form a regular pattern of oblique, forwardly descending

and ascending rows. ‘The post-embryonic whorls have fine, irregu-

lar, somewhat wavy striz in the direction of growth-lines, and papille

like those of the embryonic whorls but much more sparsely placed,

and disappearing near the end of the penultimate whorl. The last

whorl has weak growth-lines only. It is rounded periferally and

descends slowly to the aperture. The suture is deeply impressed,

especially at the last whorl. The aperture is oblique, rounded-oval.

THE NAUTILUS. 135

Peristome slightly expanded, with a narrow, rusty edge ; upper and

outer margins very slightly expanded ; basal margin more expanded ;

columellar margin rather broadly dilated. The ends converge and

are joined by a short glossy callus.

Alt 7.5, diam. 12.9, aperture alt. 5.8, width 6.7 mm.

Alt. 6.8, diam. 11.6 mm.

Alt. 6.7, diam. 11.1 mm.

The whole upper surface, head and tentacles, are blackish-slate

color, finely irregularly granulose. There are no distinct dorsal or

genital furrows. The sole is tripartite, the areas separated by indis-

tinct longitudinal impressed lines, in drowned alcoholic examples.

The middle area is twice as wide as the others, slaty-white; side

areas darker slate color. The mantle is whitish, the venation of the

lung outlined delicately with gray. 7

The genital system (pl. XI, fig. 9) resembles that of M. hutsont.

The penis (p.) is swollen near the base, and has a slender retractor

muscle (p. r.), and a moderately long flagellum. The vagina is

very short, the spermatheca globular, its duct very long, and in-

serted unusually low, much farther down than in JZ. hutsoni. The

dart sack (d. s.) is large, and near its base, on the side facing the

vagina, the two mucus glands (m. gl.) are inserted close together (as

shown in fig. 10, a diagrammatic view of these organs). The mucus

glands descend and their enlarged ends lie near the base of the dart

sack. The measurements are: length of penis (to insertion of re-

tractor), 3 mm.; length of epiphallus, 1.8 mm.; length of flagellum,

4mm.; length of vagina, 1.8 mm. The jaw has about 6 unequal

ribs, grouped in its median part.

This species is doubtless related to both Sonorella baileyi and S.

fisheri Bartsch, both of which differ in various details of sculpture.

It stands nearest to Micrarionta hutsoni Clapp, having the same type

of embryonic sculpture; but that species has a dark band above the

perifery, bordered with white above, and a much larger aperture.

Cotypes are in the collections of Ferriss and the Academy of

Natural Sciences (No. 94783).

The anatomical data obtained from living examples of the species

hutsoni and desertorum by the junior author, indicate that we went

too far in referring species from the lower Colorado basin to the

genus Sonorella. It now seems likely that the species wolcottiana,

tndioensis, baileyi, fishert, lohrii, and perhaps some others, belong to

136 THE NAUTILUS.

Micrarionta ; a group which should apparently be given generic

rank. Anatomically, Sonorella is not closely related to the Micra-

rionta series, which has its center in southern and Lower California,

and the adjacent border of Arizona. Data to be presented in our

forthcoming report on southwestern snails collected in 1906 and

1907 indicate that Sonorella, while remarkably varied in anatomy

specifically, yet shows no forms in any way connecting with the Cali-

fornian types of Helices.

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES.

Plate XI, figs. 6, 7, 8. MM. desertorum.

Fig. 9, genitalia of the same specimen; d.s., dart sack ; ept., epi-

phallus ; 77., flagellum ; m. gl., mucus glands; p., penis ; sp. d., lower

portion of the duct of the spermatheca. The mucous glands and their

ducts are shaded.

Fig. 10. Diagram of dart sack and mucous glands viewed from

the side towards the vagina, showing the contiguous insertions of the

mucous ducts.

SOME NEW CALIFORNIAN SHELLS.

BY WILLIAM HEALEY DALL.

Rissoa (ALVANIA) GRIPPIANA Dall, n. sp.

Shell small, brownish, solid, cancellate, with one and a half smooth

nuclear and five and a half sculptured whorls, nucleus flattish,

blunt, remaining whorls rotund, evenly enlarging; last whorl with

13-14 axial ribs crossed by somewhat more slender, equal, equidis-

tant, spiral threads not tuberculate at the intersections, with three

somewhat stouter spirals on the base; earlier whorls with two and

then three spiral threads between the sutures; suture indistinct,

aperture obovate, rounded in front, slightly angular behind, with a

much thickened lip which in senile specimens is duplex at the mar-

gin. There is a very minute chink but no umbilicus. Length 3,

max. diam. 1.5 mm.

Type specimens from Todos Santos Bay, Lower California, be-

tween tides, Hemphill, U. S. Nat. Mus. 46171; others from 12

fathoms sand, off the entrance to San Diego harbor, C. W. Gripp;

THE NAUTILUS, XXI. PLATE XI

\

ARS ~

~S

S22

NEW AMERICAN MOLLUSKS.

THE NAUTILUS. 137

others at various localities north to San Pedro and Catalina Island,

California, mostly beach specimens. The species recalls R. tumida

Carpenter, but is much more elevated, though less so than R. ms

eurvata Cpr., which is also a thinner shell. All three have very

nearly identical sculpture.

BELA GRIPPI Dall, n. sp.

Shell small, straw-color or pale brown with occasional spiral bands

of darker brown, or all brown; six-whorled, of which the first whorl

and a half are white, polished, smooth and turgid, the subsequent

portion of the shell having a dull surface ; earlier whorls with the

periphery nearer the anterior suture, the whorl behind the periphery

somewhat flattened and compressed, crossed by low obscure riblets,

about a dozen on the fourth whorl, which become obsolete later; the

whorl in front of the periphery shows no axial sculpture; the whole

whorl is spirally sculptured with narrow sharp incised lines, one

dividing the space behind the periphery, and about five in front of

the periphery on the penultimate whorl; on the last whorl between

the periphery and the siphonal fasciole there are about twelve of

these lines, though they probably vary in number with the indi-

vidual, while the incremental lines are moderately conspicuous ;

outer lips thin, simple; pillar lips with a small deposit of white

callus ; aperture narrow, lunate ; canal very short, wide, with an in-

conspicuous fasciole. Length 9, of spire 5, of aperture 4; max.

diam. 3.5 mm.

Dredged off San Diego Bay, about five miles south of the entrance

in fifteen fathoms, by C. W. Gripp, on a bottom of broken shell.

This is a very well marked species, hardly to be compared with any

other known from the coast. Seven specimens were obtained of

which two are in Mr. Gripp’s collection.

The shell has much the aspect of an Anachis but one specimen

retained the dried animal and by carefully soaking it out it proved to

be a Pleurotomoid, with a short oval operculum with apical nucleus

like that of Bela, though the shell from the absence of the strong

axial ribs characteristic of most of the northern Belas has a very

different aspect from the familiar forms of that genus. The animal

is white, with short acute tentacles and very small black eyes.

188 THE NAUTILUS.

NEW SPECIES OF ANCYLIDZE.

BY BRYANT WALKER.

ANCYLUS (FERRISSIA) HENDERSONI n. sp. PI. ix, figs. 8-10.

Shell small, thin, delicate, oval, slightly wider anteriorly, right

side nearly straight, left side regularly curved ; obtusely elevated ;

light horn-colored, apex very obtuse, depressed, not projecting above

the normal outline of the shell, and onlyslightly deflected toward the

right; apical pit in the centre and looking upwards; apical striz

strong and regular, originating from the circumference of the apical

pit and projecting down towards the whole upper surface of the shell,

becoming lighter and more irregular below, comparatively few reach-

ing the edge of the shell; lines of growth irregular, but rather strong,

glving a reticulated appearance to the surface where they cross the

radial striz ; anterior slope, especially above, very convex, the high-

est point of the shell being in front of the apex; posterior slope

slightly concave, nearly straight; left lateral slope convex, right

slope nearly straight.

Length 2.5, width 1.5, alt. .75 mm.

Type (No. 25707 Coll. Walker) from Lake Waccamaw, N. C.

Cotypes in the collections of Messrs. Jno. B. Henderson, Jr., and G.

W. H. Soelner, of Washington, D. C. This small species was found

by Messrs. Henderson and Soelner in the pools of the swampy woods

around the shore of Lake Waccamaw in the fall of 1906.

It is well characterized by its obtusely elevated shape, blunt apex

and radiating ribs or striz. In sculpture it resembles A. borealis

Mse., but differs from its thin, delicate shell, smaller size and differ-

ent proportions, being relatively less elevated and with a longer and

more sloping posterior outline.

ANCYLUS (FERRISSIA) NOVANGLIZ n. sp._ PI. ix, figs. 5, 6 and 7.

Shell small, depressed, elongate oval, sides nearly parallel, the

left being slightly more curved than the right; regularly rounded at

the extremities; apex prominent, bluntly rounded, situated on the

posterior third, very eccentric, turned decidedly to the right, apical

striz prominent; lines of growth fine and regular; anterior slope

long, convex with numerous, fine, radiating ribs, which extend to

the periphery ; posterior slope oblique, nearly straight below the

THE NAUTILUS. ; 139

swell of the apex; left slope very convex, more or less compressed

toward the apex ; right slope nearly straight below the protrusion of

the apex.

Length 3.25, width 1.75, alt. 1 mm.

Types (No. 22502 Coll. Walker) from a small pond near Cam-

bridge, Mass., collected by Owen Bryant. Cotypes in collections of

Mr. Bryant and the Philadelphia Academy.

This little species is easily distinguished by its narrow, elongated,

depressed form, very eccentric apex and the costulate anterior slope.

AncyLus (FERRISSIA) HINKLEYI, n.sp. Pl. ix, figs. 11-13.

Shell oval, slightly wider anteriorly, sides equally curved, ele-

vated, conic; apex nearly central, being only slightly behind the

longitudinal center and very slightly deflected toward the right,

acute, erect, with strong radial striz ; light greenish horn color with

the apex bright rose color; anterior slope slightly convex, posterior

slope slightly concave, lateral slopes of about the same slight con-

vexity ; surface smooth, lines of growth fine, but irregular, no trace

of ribs or radial striw, except at the apex. Length 4.75, width 3.5,

alt. 2.25 mm. ;

Type (25661 Coll. Walker) from the Ohio River at Golconda, III,

Cotypes in the collection of A. A. Hinkley, DuBois, Ill. Also from

the Ohio at Elizabethtown, Il]. (Coll. Hinkley), and from Kentucky.

(Coll. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.).

Four specimens were submitted for examination by Mr, Hinkley

from the above localities. In two of the specimens, in which the

apices are not at all eroded, the truncation is oblique, the apical pit

opening towards the left. The right margin of the truncation is

high and smooth, the apical striz beginning just below the smooth

border of the truncation. On the left and lower margin of the pit

the apical strie radiate from the center. A. hinkleyz by reason of

its rosy apex groups, apparently, with A. elatior, filosus and rhodacme.

Unfortunately the shells had been cleaned, so that at present it is

impossible to say whether it shares the anatomical peculiarities com-

mon to those forms.’

It differs from elatior by its smaller size, acute, erect apex and

1These species and probably all the pink-tipped Ancyli have a very peculiar

lingual dentition, quite different from any of the other Ancyli and form a group

of probably generig rank, a full description of which will be published shortly.

140 THE NAUTILUS.

concave posterior slope. It stands nearest to A. filosus from which

it differs by the nearly central, acute apex, proportionately longer

and concave posterior and less convex anterior slope and smooth

surface. It is so entirely different in shape from rhodacme that

there is no danger of confounding them.

The two specimens from Kentucky, received by the Am. Mus.

of Nat. Hist. from Anthony as A. elatior are apparently identical

with this species (see Naur. XVIII, p. 79).

ANCYLUS (LZVAPEX) HEMISPHZERICUS n. sp. PI. ix, figs. 14, 15

and 16.

Shell obtusely elevated, broadly oval or subcircular, sides almost

equally rounded ; apex subcentral, very obtuse and only slightly in-

clined toward the right; smooth, light yellowish born color; anterior

slope very convex, posterior somewhat less so; lateral slopes about

equally convex, the left being as usual, somewhat the longer;

lines of growth rather prominent and irregular, more or less rippled

by subobsolete, irregular radial striz.

Length (type) 3.5, width 3, alt. 1.5 mm.

Length (cotype) 3.8, width 3.1, alt. 1.8 mm.

Length (Decatur) 4.1, width 3.25, alt. 1.8 mm.

Types (No. 20785 Coll. Walker) from Georgia. Cotypes in the

collections of the Kent Scientific Museum, Grand Rapids, Mich.,

and the Philadelphia Academy. Also from Decatur, Alabama.

The type lot formed part of the DeCamp collection now in the

Kent Scientific Museum. Unfortunately no definite locality is

given and no further information as to the history of the specimens

is attainable.

This species is very distinct by its globose, almost hemispherical

shape. None of the shells have a perfect apex.

The type is not quite full grown, but was selected as being less

eroded and showing more exactly the contour of the shell. The

other measurements given are from mature shells which show the

length and width accurately, but owing to erosion are proportionately

less elevated. With the erosion of the apex the anterior and

posterior slopes have nearly the same convexity, and the specific

name adopted becomes even more appropriate than in the type.

The specimens from Decatur, Ala., also collected by De Camp, are

slightly larger and heavier than the types, but evidently the same

species.

THE NAUTILUS XXIl PLATE XII,

| A

YA EY, wnt,

ype jor

Wy

yj Vy

LAMPSILIS FIBRIATA.

L, FIMBRIATA, L. IRIDELLA.

THE NAUTILUS. 141

CLAMS AND THE EARTHQUAKE.

BY ROBERT E. C. STEARNS.

Under the head of ‘' Abalones and the Earthquake,” in the April,

1907, number cf Tur NavrTiLus, my brief article contained all that

I had been able to learn up to the preceding February, of the effect

of the earthquake of April 18th, 1906, upon the marine life of the

coast. The Abalones (Halvotis) in the neighborhood of Morro Rock,

about 190 miles south of the entrance to San Francisco Bay, were

found in abundance, but all dead, and the earthquake it was pre-

sumed did the killing. Recently the Indians and the Spanish popu-

lation about Marshall’s and Tomales Bay, who for several years have

been engaged in supplying the local “ clam” Paphia staminea Conr.

(+2 Tapes staminea auct.), for the San Francisco market, have been,

it is so reported, thrown out of employment, the bay having become so

shallow as to preclude the use of boats, and clam-diggers state that

since the great earthquake no clams have been found there. In many

instances these toilers of the clam banks have been reduced to

poverty.

In and around Tomales Bay which is about fifty miles north of

the entrance to the Bay of San Francisco, the quake was far more

severe than at the southerly abalone locality mentioned, being in

the direct northwesterly line of the main movement. Dr. Gilbert’

remarks ‘‘ the only notable water waves generated by the shock were

in Tomales Bay where a group of waves estimated to be 6 or 8 feet

high, came to the northeastern shore. The mud which forms the

bed of the bay, was shifted and ridged and more or less horizontal

displacement occurred as well as a marked shallowing of the waters.”

At Bolinas, which is north of the Golden Gate, and about thirty miles

south of the Tomales locality, the shore of the lagoon or little inner

bay, the home, when I was there in June, 1866, of Tresus nuttalli

Conrad (Schizotherus nuttalli of Carpenter), was cracked, and the

mud near the head of the lagoon was disturbed as well as the general

region thereabout according to Mr. Gilbert. The “little round

clam ” as the Tomales form is called, is a favorite with many epicures,

1 Bulletin No, 324. The San Francisco Earthquake, etc., etc., of April 18,

1906. Washington, 1907.

142 THE NAUTILUS.

but its tough little foot is not conducive to the happiness of persons

of feeble digestion. The fine clam TZresus is seldom, if ever, seen

on the stalls in the San Francisco markets. It is noble in size and

a patrician in quality, and makes a most delicious soup or chowder.

Los Angeles, Cal., March 8, 1908.

THE MOLLUSCA OF NORTH HAVEN, MAINE.

BY HENRY JACKSON, JR.

The Fox Islands constitute an archipelago in the mouth of Penob-

scot River. The largest of these islands is Vinal Haven, and next

in size and position is North Haven, On either side are bays rang-

ing from 4 to 8 fathoms in depth, with many varieties of bottom.

The land is equally well adapted for shell collecting, except that there

are practically no hard-wood trees. It is very peculiar that quite a

number of species have one small place in which they are abundant,

and they are not to be found elsewhere. The fresh-water shells have

a very fair chance; there is a large pond about one mile long which

promises large returns in time. There are also several semi-marshy

tracts in which many smaller Limneas are found. Unfortunately I

have not been able to dredge beyond 30 fathoms. So it is to be

hoped that more species will soon be turned up.

My sincere thanks are due to Dr. Charles G. Weld, Prof. Edward

S. Morse, Mr. Dwight Blaney and Mr. C. W. Johnson, for identifi-

cation of various mollusks and other acts of kindness.

POLYPLACOPHORA.

Trachydermon ruber, lLinné. Trachydermon albus, Linné,

Common. Rather common.

* pELECYPODA.

Nucula proxima, Say. Very Yoldia myalis, Couthouy. Rare.

common. Large specimens A few specimen dredged in

were found in four fathoms eight fathoms water.

mud. Yoldia lucida, Lovén. Two

Yoldia limatula, Say. Very specimens dredged in twenty

common. Beautiful specimens fathoms mud. The eggs were

over two inches long were ob- in the shell.

tained.

THE NAUTILUS.

Yoldia thracieformis, Storer.

Several old broken valves and

an occasional young specimen.

Anodonta cataracta, Say.

Unio complanatus, Say.

Pecten magellanicus, Gmelin.

Pecten islandicus, Miller. Rare.

Single valves occasionally.

Anomia simplex, d’Orbigny.

Anomia aculeata, Miller.

Mytilus edulis, Linné.

Modiolaria nigra, Gray. Rare.

Several broken specimens.

Modiolaria discors, Linné.

Crenella glandula, Totten.

Crenella

Rare.

decussata, Montagu.

Same locality as C.

glandula.

Periploma fragilis, Totten.

Thracia Couthouy.

Rare.

Thracia myopsis, Moller.

Pandora gouldiana, Dall.

Lyonsia hyalina, Conrad. Com-

mon. Sandy mud, ten fathoms.

conradi,

143

Lyonsta arenosa, Moller. Ex-

tremely rare. Same localities

as L. hyalina.

Cyclas islandica, Linné.

Astarte undata, Gould.

Astarte subaequilatera, Sowerby.

Pisidium abditum, Hald.

Spherium partumeium, Say.

Venericardia novanglie, Morse.

Rare.

Venericardia borealis, Conrad.

Thyasira gouldii, Philippi.

Cardium pinnulatum, Conrad.

Cardium ciliatum, Fabricius.

Rare.

Callocardia morrhuana, Linsley.

Rare.

Macoma balthica, Linné.

Macoma calcarea, Gmelin.

Mya arenaria, Linn.

Saxicava arctica, Linn.

Lymnea humilis, Say.

Lymnxa umbilicata, Adams.

Lymnexa desidiosa, Say.

Lymnea columella, Say.

SCAPHOPODA.

Dentalium entalis, Linné.

Common in deep water, mud.

GASTROPODA.

Acmeza alveus, Conrad.. Very

common on Zostera marina.

Acmea testudinalis, Miller. Ra-

rer than alveus.

Lepeta ceca, Miller.

Puncturella noachina, Linn.

Margarita helicina, Fabr.

Margarita groenlandica, Gmelin.

Very rare.

Natica clausa, Broderip & Sow-

erby. Rather rare.

Lunatia heros, Say.

Lunatia heros, var. trisertata,

Say. Very common. Found

both in deep and shallow water,

but never in company with

Lunatia heros.

Velutina levigata, Linn.

144

Velutina zonata, Gould. Rarer

than V. levigata.

Crucibulum striatum, Say. Rare

alive. Common dead.

Littorina littorea, Linn.

Littorina rudis, Donovan.

Littorina palliata, Say.

Lacuna vincta, Montagu, on Zos-

tera marina.

Lacuna vineta, var. fusca. On

large Laminaria.

Cingula aculeus, Gould. Common

at base of fucus.

Cingula carinata, Mighels &

Adams. Rare. A few speci-

mens in sandy mud, ten

fathoms.

Skenea planorbis, Fabricius.

Amanicola limosa, Say.

Trichotropis borealis, Broderip

& Sowerby.

THE NAUTILUS.

Purpura lapillus, Linn. Very

abundant; var. tmbricata is

also common.

Buecinum undatum, Linn.

Chrysodomus decemcostatus, Say.

Rather uncommon.

Tritonofusus stimpsonit, Morch.

Rare.

Tritonofusus pygmzus, Stimpson.

Nassa trivittata, Say.

Nassa obsoleta, Say.

Columbella rosacea, Gould. Rare.

Bela incisula, Verrill.

Bela nobilis, Moller.

men.

One speci-

Bela harpularia, Couthouy.

Bela decussata, Couthouy. Rare,

in company with B. ineisula.

Retusa gouldii, Couthouy. Rare,

Retusa pertenuis, Mighels.

Cylichna alba, Brown.

PULMONIFERA.

ZLoodgenites harpa, Morse. Very

common.

Vallonia pulchella, Muller.

Polygyra fraterna, Say.

Strobilops labyrinthica, Say.

Bifidaria pentodon, Say.

Pupilla muscorum, Linné.

Vertigo gouldii, Binney. 4

Cochlicopa lubrica, Miller.

Vitrea indentata, Say. One im-

mature specimen.

Vitrea hammonis, Strom.

Zonitoides arborea, Say.

Pyramidula alternata, Say.

Pyramidula cronkhitei anthonyz,

Pilsbry.

Zonitoides exiguus, Stimpson.

Zonitoides minuscula, Binney.

Extremely rare.

Carychium exiguum, Say.

Helicodiscus parellelus, Say.

Aplexa hypnorum, Linn.

Succinea retusa, Lea.

Succinea avara, Say.

Succinea ovalis var. totteniana,

Lea.

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) 10 cts, a copy.

B bie a

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITORS AND PUBLISHERS:

HB. A. Pirssry, Special Curator of the Department of Mollusca,

Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. Jounson, Curator of the Boston Society of Natural History.

Vol. XXII. MAY, 1908. No. 1

CONTENTS:

A REVISION OF THE SOLENOMYACIDA. By Wm. H. Dall. 1

ios CUBAN NoTEs. By J. B. Henderson, Jr. : : ; . by Cee

DEMON MIGAM LYMNMAG) 0 2 hw ce Os el

“List oF MOLLUSKS FROM AMARILLO, TEXAS. By J. B. Hen-

derson, Jr. ; ; F ‘ c ; : i : SN,

Cs Amp News =. 88) 2 ee oe oe 0

SCEMMEROATIONS RECEIVED ' 3) £2). oe.

©? C.E. ANCEY 11

So

C. W. JOHNSON, Business Manager,

Boston Society of Natural History,

Berkeley Street,’

Boston, Mass.

~

Entered as Second-Class matter at the Boston Post-Office.

li THE NAUTILUS.

THE ANCEY COLLECTION.

This important collection, which is one of the most complete and

accuiately determined collections of Land and Fresh-water shells in the

world, has been acquired by M. Geret, who offers it for sale. It con-

tains many rare species, and the types of all the species described by

Mr. Ancey. The Library and publications of Mr. Ancey are also for sale.

Lists of desiderata should be addressed to

MONSIEUR GERET, Conchologist,

76 rue du Faubourg St. Denis, Paris, France.

NEW SHELL LISTS.

My new list of Helicidae is now ready, also list of Operculate Land

Shells. The Inoperculate listand Marine, will follow shortly. Send for

these if. you wish to add to your collection. I am prepared to buy col-

lections of shells of any size for immediate cash.

WALTER F. WEBB,

202 Westminster Road, Rochester, N. Y.

Exchange notices not exceeding three lines will be free to subscribers as long

as our limited space will allow:

WantTeED: Land, fresh-water and marine shells in exchange for

same. Joun H. Parne, Euclid Heights, Cleveland, O.

For ExcHaANnGE: Marine shells of California for same.

R. H. TrempPer, Ontario, Calif.

OFFERED: Achatinella, land, fresh-water and marine shells.

Wanted: Achatinella and Partula.

E. Duranp, 14 rue Bleue, Paris, France.

OFrFrERED: Land, fresh-water and marine shells, in exchange for

shells not inmy collection. Please send list.

C. H. Lawton, Santa Barbara, Calif. P.O. Box 37.

Wantep: U. S. Land and Fresh-water shells. British and

Canary Island species offered in exchange.

W. I. Farrer, Cheppli House, Bassenthwaite, Keswick, England.

OrrerEeD: A good list of land and marine shells.

Wantep: Good marine shells Send lists.

W. H. Werks, Jr., 508 Willoughby Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.

THE

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF

CONCHOLOGISTS

VOL, XXII.

MAY, 1908, to APRIL, 1909.

EDITORS AND PUBLISHERS:

H. A. PILsBry, Curator of the Department of Mollusca, Academy of Natural Sciences,

PHILADELPHIA.

C. W. JoHNSON, Curator of the Boston Society of Natural History,

BOSTON.

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one

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INDEX

TO

THE NAUTILUS, VOL. XXII.

INDEX TO SUBJECTS, GENERA AND SPECIES.

Acharax Dall, n. gen. of Solemya : : j se

Achatinellidz, Description of new species of : , 67

Acteon eainilios var. multannulatus Aldr., n. var. (Pl. V,

fig.1t) . . : ‘ ; ‘ : 1 DEG

Alabama, A week at Weatous : : , ‘ : . 98

Alcadia pusilla intermedia Pils.,n. var. ; : 2 86

Amnicolide from Alabama d ; é : : 6uh8o

Ampulla Bolten, Type of . ; 4 ‘ ‘ ; . 83

Ancey, C. F. (obituary, portrait) i ; ; : vie

Andrews, Mrs. George (obituary) : : . 60

Arca (Barbatia) lignitifera Aldr. (Pl. V, fles, 6 1) : Beet

Ashmunella kochii Clapp, n. sp. (Pl. VII , fig. ay Bay ¥

Bifidaria armifera Say . ; A . 52,108, 110

Bifidaria bilamellata Sterki & Skeppia ép. (PL VIII, fig. 7). 126

Bifidaria (Chznaxis) tuba intuscostata Clapp, n. gab, sp.

(Pl. VII) ; ; Ye TE. OG

Bifidaria clappi Sterki, n. ap. (PI. VIII, fy ae ’ . 108

Bittium hiloense Pils. & Van., n. sp. (fig. 1) : : . 56

Brachiopods, Some new. ; : : ? une

Czcum johnsoni Winkley, n, sp. R : . : . 54

Californian Mollusks, Miscellaneous notes on t Pe

Cancellaria ? sotoensis Aldr., (Pl. V, fig. 3) ‘ t Se

Chloritis tosanus okiensis Pils, & Hir. ; 3 . 44

Clappia clappi Walker, n. sp. (Pl. VI, figs. 1, 4, 7) } . 89

(iii )

iv THE NAUTILUS.

Clappia, n. gen. . ; Ma)

Corbula clarksana Ald. a sp. (Pl. V, ‘ies, ‘ 5) : 0 Td

Coeelocentrum hinkleyi Pils. ye Th ; ! . 138

Celocentrum ischnostele Pils’, n, sp. ‘ , 5 . 189

Coryphella mananensis Stimp. . : Re

Cratena gymnota (Couth.) . , ; : Puke

Cuban notes ; : j : ty te

Cypreea annette Dall, n. n. : : . 125

Cyprea californiana Gray . : ; , , . 126

Cyprea caputdraconis Nielv. d } . 126

Cypreea costispunctata Gask, ; : . 126

Cyprea gracilis, Notes on . ; : : ab

Cyprea miliaris var. nivea Preston, n. var. ; . . 121

Cypreea robertsi Hid. i . ) : b f s) 125

Cyprea sowerbyi Tae : . 125

Cyprea xanthodon var. Ee eclah Preston, nm vers'! {5 12]

Danish Molluscan fauna, A small addition to the befits orld

ofthe. : L , L , : , Ne

Dendronotus Roeaeee ; : , ; : Ree F

Diplommatina okiensis Pils. & Hin! 4 . 48

Kuglandina liebmanni (Pfr.) : d : : Ete

Kpitonium (Acrilla) atwoodi Dall.,n. sp. . ! } . 80

Krato albescens Dall. ; : ! : : . 126

Euconulus fulvus and E. trochivowmaite J : ‘ ee

Exotic Vivipara in California . : : ; ; . 33

Facelina bostonensis Couth. : : ; : . 16

False shells : k ; : MAA i,

Ferguson, David W. Co : i . 124

Ganesella ferruginea okiensis Pils. & Hir., n. eae ! . 44

Ganesella myomphala euomphala Pils. & i) ) 44

Helicostyla leucophthalma togolandensis Pils., n. subir

(Pl, IV, figs. 5,6) . t i ‘ ! . AT

Helix deans var. roseolabiale ‘ ; ; 72

Helix hortensis, A note on ; , ! : 30, 52

Heron held prisoner by aclam . 4 82

Holospira bartschi Pils. & Clapp, n. sp. (Pl. ‘VII fe. 5, 6). 114

Holospira goldmani Bartsch. ; ; I i . 115

Homalogyra atomus in New England ! , . 9

Hyriine and Unionine, Remarks on the subfamilies . . 106

THE NAUTILUS. v

Ianthina globosa in California . ! ; HA a

Japan, Land shells of the Oki Tehand : } ! ABNEY |s

Kaliella okiensis Pils. & Hir.,n.sp. . : } . 45

Kaliella geetanoi Pils. & Van, n. sp. (fig. 1) d : Pb A

Kellia interstriata Aldrich, n. sp. (Pl. V, figs. 1,2) . 74

Kendig, Rev. A. B. fobitnary) , : ! : : ! tel

Lamellidoris aspera . } , : J y ie

Laminella aspersa Baldwin, n. sp. : : ‘ Gs

Laminella duoplicata Baldwin, n. sp. . : : L 4 GS

Lampsilis iridella Pils. & Bilerest, Ns Spi.) ¢ : yh: A

Laqueus morsei Dall, n. sp. , ; } Me)

Lepton vaughani ide. apt el. ¥ fle 12) ; : ah CAS

Leptopoma Banlandense Fils. n/ ep.(PL IV, fig. 152) . 46

Leptopoma tagolandense var. i muoulata Pils., n. var. 131006

Limax flavus. : : : ‘ ; A.)

Littorina, The de oebapeuene Ofi'{’ i f . 838

Lymnea bakeri Walker, n. sp. (Pl. II, figs. a) 12) 18

Lymnea cubensis Pfr. t ; 1, 19

Lymnea cyclostoma Walker, n. ah, (PI. II, Mies 4) d 1/19

Lymnea davisi Walker, n, sp. (Pl. II, figs. 9, 10) : Na AL hy.

Lymnea desidiosa (PI. 1 Silky SEL), i ; DP ERE Ui hsb

Lymneza desidiosa var. ay vane n. var. (PI. II,

3 8 ee : , : 9, 16

Lymneza dicbdation Pabkaveli n. ba ; } : i169

Lymnea hendersoni Baker, n. sp. ‘ : 4 l . 140

Lymnea marginata . : : : : , 5, 18

Lymnea obrussa Say . , ‘ : . 22

Lymneza palustris, Formation of epiritieens by . . AONB

Lymnea petoskeyensis Walker, n. sp. (Pl. I, figs. 3,5, 7). 6,18

Lymnea pilsbryana Walker, n. sp. (FI. I, abs 2) SED 1. OS

Lymnea stagualis var. perampla Walker, n. var. (Pl. II,

figs. 5, 6) : ! , : : ‘ ; : 8,19

Lymnea umbilicata . : : : ; : : 7,19

Lymnezas, New Michigan . : : 4,16

Maine, Additional shells found in 18 bles tbo County ee |,

Bsns: Fossil and living shells found in Little Mud Lake,

Westland (Aroostook County) ; 5 . 105

Martyn’s Universal Conchology . 92

Meseschiza grosvenorii Lea \ ! ‘ ‘ . 56

vi THE NAUTILUS.

Mexico, Notes on shells collected at Balsas . 114

Minnesota Mollusks, Records of . 119

Mitramorpha eocenensis Aldrich, n. sp. (fig.) 13

Mollusca of Keene, New Hatnnstines 32

Nason collection 10

Nassa perpinguis var. bitavintn Buc, n, var. 39

New England fauna, Shells new to the ‘ . 9

New Mexico, Mollnels from around Albuquerque . 103

Nitidella hendersoni Dall., n. sp. ¢ 31

Notes and news 4 ; 1D, 33, 59, Tl, 89, 95, 122

Nudibrauch records, Tso interesting New Dosland 13

Opisthobranchiata, Northern : : : . 28

Palio lessonii : ; 5 3 ; 0 bas

Paludestrina salsa Pils. . ; : ‘ : . 58, 82

Partulina mutabilis Baldwin, n. sp. 68

Partulina winniei Baldwin, n. sp. Jee

Pearl hunting in the Fox River, Illinois . 122

Petrasma Dall., n. subgenus of Solemya 2

Pholadomya pacifica Dall., n. sp. : 5 : . 115, 142

Physa sayi . : : es

Pisidium in Mid gastbudette a: Ue}

Planorbis bicarinatus . . 122

Planorbis bicarinatus seh oe Pain n. Var, . 45

Pleurobema tombigbeanum Frierson, n. sp. (Pl. III), 27

Polygyra matermontana Pils. . 114

Polygyra mooreana " : : : . 66

Publications received . : : 3 ‘ 34, 47, 83, 96, 122

Pyrgulopsis wabashensis eu

San Diego, Mollusca dredged ae . 134

Scala, Another large miocene 80

Shells collected at Balsas, Guerrero, Mseano by: Walter E.

’ Koch in Dec., 1908 . sda

Showalter collection Sty

Sicily, Shells of . } . 128

Sigaretus (Eunaticina) erectoides Aldr., n. “ep. (PI. 7V, figs.

8, 9) 4 : t ; ‘ 15

Slane rls

Solemya (Acbarax) hartechit Dall., n. ep. 61

Solenomyacide, A revision of the 1

THE NAUTILUS. Vii

Somatogyrus decipiens Walker, n. sp. (Pl. VI, figs. 10,11). 86

Somatogyrus hendersoni Walker, n. sp. (Pl. VI, fig. 2) . 87

Somatogyrus hinkleyi Walker, n. sp. (Pl. VI, figs. 8,9) . 87

Somatogyrus pygmeeus Walker, n. sp. (Pl. VI, fig. 3) pies

Spherium pilsbryanum Sterki, n. sp. . j A . 141

Strange shells. ‘ y : y ; 24 BEG

Strobilops, Notes on the ana . : : ‘ { Pt:

Strobilops quadrasi and S. trochospira : 2h te9

Stylommatophora, Some notes on the eta sists of . 49

Tagolanda, Land shells of . : . 46

Terebratula (Liothyris) sakhalinensis Dall., n. an ; . 28

Texas, List of the shells from Amarillo. : de

Texas, Mollusca of McLennan County é yiliee

Torinia discoidea sterkii Pils. & Van., n. subsp. (fig. 9) wiOOn

Trishoplita cretacea pergranosa Pils. & Hir., n. subsp. . 48

Trivia galapagensis, Notes on . : ; Posy

Trivia mangerize, Note on . 5 é 5 ; Byes {1

Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) gabbiana __.. 39

Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) thaanumi Pils. & Von git, sobs,

(fig.3) . ; 58

Unionide, ee temantary pated on ae breeding seasons

ofthe. i ; : s EE

Unionide in rane lvorie: The feces season of . Ce

Unionine and Hyriine, Remarks on the sub-families . 106

Valvata humeralis californica Pils.,n. subsp. . : . 82

Verrill collection : ; Jas

Verticordia (Haliris) prausioides Alar: se sh (PI, V, fig. 10). 75

Vertigo nylanderi Sterki, n. sp. . 4 : : ; . 107

Vesicomya ticaonica Dall., n. sp. : : ; f 1a G3

Vivipara lecythoides Bens. in California . ; . 33

Waldheimia raphealis var. albida : ; : : . 80

Yates, Dr. Lorenzo G. (obituary) : 4 ‘ : . 124

INDEX TO AUTHORS.

Aldrich, T. H. ‘ > : 4 ; - 13,74

Baker, F.C. . 4 , ; : : ; 20, 45, 140

Balch, Francis N. . 5 ; . . 13,59

Baldwin, D. D. __. ! ; . JCF

Betry, 5.8. ». , : , : 2 BRS

Bryant, Owen . 4 . 82

Button, Fred. L. . y , FAT als APL ED 10, 11

Clapp, Geo. H. } ; ; ; . . 76,114

Cockerell, T. D. A. f : : ’ ; ft) 60, FZ

Conner, Chas. H. . j . ; . ili

Coolidge, Jr., Wm. H. . 382

Dall, W. H. . ; A i 1, 98, 3l, 51, 80, 115, 125, 142

Daniels, L. H. t . 119

Ferriss, J. H. ‘ ; ; : ; ; i , . 103

Frierson, L. 8S... ; SLO . 27, 81, 106

Gripp, C. W. 4 : : } : l . 134

Hannibal, Harold . ; , t } t : . 33

Henderson, Jr., J.B... j ‘ . : t ) 3,9

Hinkley, Anson A. \ : ; ? : ; ; - 56

Hirase, Y.\). ; f i : , : ; . Al

Johnson; .C. Wy. ; ; : : : . 70, 123

Keene, L. A. f ; : : i : . 122

Macfarland, F. M. : : : . 28

Morse, Edward §S. 4 ; : 4 ; i J . 95

Nylander, Olof O.. t h . 19, 30, 105, 143

Ortmann, A. EH. . ? ; ity heh oe

Pilsbry, H. A., 25,41, 46, 56, 73, 78, 81, 83, 96, 103, 115, 128, 138

Preston, H. B. ; : } . 121

Goulessn, Hans. : L ‘ : . 54

Smith, Maxwait : d f ‘ d . 128

Smith, H. H. 4 OD yi

Sterki, V. .. : ; ; 49, 101, 126, 141

Bireier, Jr., Joba K. i é ; is

Vanatta, E.G. . : 4 A " : iy) oy ae

Walker, Bryant. ; ] 4 , : - 4,16, 85

Walker, R. D. ‘ ; , ‘ ; : , a

Wheeler, Rev. H. KE... } ; , SPM is : Oe

Winkley, Rev. Henry W. . ; ; « \ 68, 54, 116

(jviii )

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C.F. aN

1860-1906

mHeE NAUTILUS.

Vou. XXII. MAY, 1908. Nou?

A REVISION OF THE SOLENOMYACIDZE.

BY WM. H. DALL.

Having recently to review the species of the Lamarckian genus

Solemya, and having nearly all the known species for study it was a

surprise to find that the group contains three well marked subgenera

and several subordinate sections. A full account is in preparation,

meanwhile the following synopsis may serve to call attention to the

subject :

Genus Sotemya Lamarck, 1818.

I. Subgenus Solemya s. s.

Ligament amphidetic, chiefly internal. Type S. australis La-

marck.

Ligament appearing on the internal face of the valve in advance

of the chondrophore. .

A. Proximal part of the chondrophore prolonged as a thickened

ridge part way across the interior surface of the valve, S. australis

Lam.

B. Base of the chondrophore divided, anterior part extended as a

narrow ridge ; posterior part forming a thickened prop to the chon-

drophore ; exposed ligament linear. SS. parkinsonii Gray.

C. Chondrophore thickened, without props or extended rib. SS.

solen y. Salis.

2 THE NAUTILUS.

IJ. Subgenus Petrasma Dall, nov. Ligament not exposed inter-

nally in front of the chondrophore ; type S. borealis Totten.

A. Chondrophore supported by two strong props with a deep

cavity between them.

1. S. borealis Totten.

2. S. velum Say.

B. Chondrophore with an anterior prop extended as a slender rib

in front of the adductor scar; no posterior prop.

1. S. occidentalis Deshayes.

2. S. pusilla Gould.

3. S. panamensts Dall, n. sp.

C. Chondrophore without props. S. valvulus Carpenter.

III. Subgenus Acharazx Dall, nov.

Ligament opisthodetic, wholly external, visible internally only

where it crosses the gap between the margins of the valves. Nymphs

without props. Type S. johnsoni Dall.

1. S. johnsoni Dall.

2. S. patagonica E. A. Smith.

3. S. agassizit Dall, n, sp.

4, S. ventricosa Conrad, fossil.

5. S. grandis Verrill and Bush.

Nortes.—S. togata (Poli) auct., and S. mediterranea Lamarck, are

synonyms of S. solen. S. japonica Dunker, is the adult of S. pusilla

Gould. SS. macrodactyla Rochebrune and Mabille is probably identi-

cal with S. patagonica, though the unique type of the latter seems

pathologically callous dorsally.

S. protexta Conrad, if not the young of S. ventricosa Conrad, from

the Miocene of Oregon, probably belongs to Petrasma.

S. occidentalis Deshayes, is common to the Mediterranean, West

Indies and Gulf of Mexico. S. panamensis extends from off Santa

Barbara, Cal., to Panama Bay; S. valvulus Carpenter, from San

Pedro, Cal., to the Gulf of California; S. agassizii from off Tilla-

mook Bay, Oregon, south to Aguja Point, Peru, in 1036-1800

fathoms, and S. johnsoni Dall, from Puget Sound to Panama Bay

in 60 to 1740 fathoms.

The rarity of these species, and the fact that they usually break up

into fragments in drying, are probably the reasons why the remark-

able differences between the hinges of the different species have not

previously attracted attention.

THE NAUTILUS. 3

CUBAN NOTES.

BY J. B. HENDERSON, JR.

Mr. C. T. Simpson and the writer this winter yielded to the call

of the wild, and we have just concluded another of our collecting

orgies in the Antilles. This time we descended upon Cuba, and all

of those delights of the chase formerly experienced together in the

mountains of Jamaica and Haiti we renewed in this island of con-

chological joys.

Now the collector with two months at his disposal can pretty well

clean up Jamaica, barring, of course, the rareties and the elusive small

fry, but Cuba is an altogether different proposition. The island be-

comes surprisingly large after leaving Havana, and then it is only in

the mountains that the really good picking is to be found. Then,

too, the mountains seem always to be far away from the railroad or

the towns where accommodations are to be found. If all the exten-

sive plains and lowlands of Cnba could be eliminated by some Alad-

din’s lamp process and the mountain systems shoved up together, as

they are in Jamaica, then indeed Cuba would present a field to the

snail-hunter that no other place on earth could equal. The moun-

tains are excessively rich in molluscan life, and the species found are

for the most part of exceptional beauty and interest. The lowlands

are not wholly without their mollusks, only there they are more

scattered and difficult to find. The range of the lowland species

seems to be much greater than that of the mountain forms. In fact

one may travel all day by train and still find quite the same species

of land shells. In the moutains, however, the distribution of species

is often very restricted, sometimes to one side only of one particular

hill. But as a rule a species occurring typically at a certain spot in

a range of mountains gradually changes through varietal forms as

one follows the range until it acquires a new name, and perhaps still

another one later on. Thus it is in Cuba there are so many species

of Urocoptis, of Chondropoma, of Helicina, Eutrochatella, etc., which

belong to strongly-defined groups having a central typical form.

One is constantly trying to verify a suspicion that the central typical

form represents the ancestor that lived upon the higher land and sur-

vived a subsidence of the lower country, and that the other forms of

the group are the descendants that have wandered away into new

4 THE NAUTILUS.

surroundings and conditions as the island was raised to its present

altitude.

There is need for much study on the distribution and evolutionary

history of the Cuban land shells, and perhaps right here will be found

the answers to some Cuban geological problems that fairly call aloud

to the traveler. There is evidence, for instance, that Cuba was not

very Jong ago divided and separated into several islands—a large

east and a large west one—with several smaller islands lying between

and projecting high above a shallow sea, Almost beyond question

there has been a considerable exchange of species between Florida

and that portion of Cuba lying directly south of Florida. This may

be accounted for most plausibly by the migrating water fowl which

divide their seasons between the great swamps of this portion of Cuba,

the Everglades in Florida and the more northern waters of the United

States.

If the editors of the Nautitus can afford me space later on I

would like to give accounts of some of our personal experiences in

the field, particularly about the southern edge of the great Zapata

swamp, at Vignales in the Organ Mountains of Pinar del Rio, and

finally of our race to catch those two most astonishing shells, Uro-

coptis elliottt and U. dautzenbergiana, which live only upon the lofty

cliffs of two isolated mountains near Guane.

NEW MICHIGAN LYMNZEAS.

BY BRYANT WALKER.

A careful review of the Lymnzas of Michigan, incident to the

preparation of Part II of the Michigan Catalogue, has increased the

number of species represented in the state fauna from 18 as recorded

in 1894 (Rev. Mich. Moll., p. 11), to 28 at the present time.

In the material examined, the following forms occurred, which

seem worthy of specific or varietal recognition :

Lymnea pilsbryana n. sp., Pl. I, figs. 2, 8-11.

Shell ovate-conic, slightly perforate; dark brownish-yellow, fre-

quently tinged with purple, with a light line just below the suture ;

whorls 5, convex, with a deeply impressed suture, the three apical

whorls small, forming a short conical apex, penultimate whorl twice

THE NAUTILUS. Hi)

as long as the three preceding, inflated and convex, body-whorl large

and well rounded ; lines of growth strong and regular, cut by numer-

ous fine spiral lines giving a shagreened appearance to the surface,

in some specimens the last half of the body whorl is obsoletely mal-

leated ; aperture broadly oval, somewhat more than one-half of the

entire length of the shell, dark brownish-yellow within, with a liver

colored band just within the lip; lip sharp, regularly rounded and

slightly expanded toward the basal margin; columella thick, white

with a strong fold, broadly reflected over and appressed to the axial

region, leaving only a very small perforation, and connected with the

upper insertion of the lip by a broad white and rather thick (for the

genus) callus; axis thick, solid, twisted.

Alt. (Fig. 8) 22; diam. 134; length of ap. 13; width 10 mm.

Alt. (Fig. 11) 24; diam. 14; length of ap. 14; width 10 mm.

Type (No, 21345, coll. Walker) from Washington Harbor, Isle

Royale, Lake Superior, Mich. Cotypes in the collection of the

Philadelphia Academy and Chicago Academy of Sciences.

Immature specimens of this species were first taken by the Uni-

versity of Michigan expedition of 1904, and in the report of that trip

(Rep. Geol. Surv. Mich., 1905, Separate, p. 97) was stated to be

‘related to L. sumasst Bd., but probably undescribed.”

The expedition of 1905 was fortunate in securing fully-matured

specimens. And a comparison of these with a photograph of cotypes

of swmassi from the British Museum, kindly furnished by Mr. F. C.

Baker, of Chicago, showed that the two forms were entirely dis-

similar.

The affinities of pilsbryana are entirely with L. emarginata Say,

a species of general distribution through the Great Lakes from

Saginaw Bay northward.

It differs from that species in its darker color, more inflated whorls,

especially those of the spire, and the entire absence of the emargina-

tion characteristic of that species.

L. emarginata was also found on Isle Royale, and there main-

tained the acute conical spire with a less impressed suture charac-

teristic of the usual form of that species. The axis of the Isle Royale

emarginata (fig. 1) is more slender, more curved and less twisted

than that of pilsbryana (fig. 2). Both of these figures are made from

immature specimens.

6 THE NAUTILUS.

Lymnea petoskeyensis n. sp., Pl. I, fig. 3, 5-7.

Shell elongate oval, acutely conic, perforate; thin, pale horn-

color, almost white, translucent ; whorls 6, regularly increasing, con-

vex, with a well impressed suture; spire elongated, acutely conical,

apical whorl minute ; body whorl somewhat inflated, elongate oval ;

lines of growth fine and regular, cut by numerous very fine revolvy-

ing, spiral lines, surface more or less malleated ; aperture oval, sub-

angulate above and rounded below, slightly more than one-half the

entire length of the shell; lip thin and sharp; columella nearly

straight without any fold, inner lip expanded and reflected over the

round deep umbilicus and continued as a thick white callus over the

parietal wall; where this callus passes over the umbilicus toward the

basal margin it is abruptly depressed into the umbilical opening,

forming a well marked furrow between the columella and the parietal

wall, and giving the appearance of a twist to the face of the columellar

enlargement, but the columella itself is scarcely affected by it; the

axis is large for the size of the shell, without any trace of a fold,

and nearly cylindrical, the base of the preceding whorl abruptly

flattened around the insertion of the upper end of tke pillar.

Alt. (Fig. 5) 23.5, diam. 11.25, ap. length 13, width 8 mm.

Alt. (Fig. 6) 24.5, diam. 11, ap. length 13.5, width 7.5 mm.

Alt. (Fig. 7) 25, diam. 10.5, ap. length 12, width 7 mm.

Types (No. 14847 coll. Walker) from a small spring-brook flow-

ing into Little Traverse Bay, near Petoskey, Mich. Cotypes in the

collections of the Philadelphia Academy and the Chicago Academy

of Sciences.

This species was at first supposed to be a very thin, fragile form

of the elongate variety of L. catascopium, characteristic of the lake

region. But upon cutting into the shell, the peculiar shape of the

axis forbade its reference to that species.

Under Dr. Dall’s arrangement of Lymnea (Harr. Exp. XIII, p.

64) it would belong to the section Galba. Compared with L. desz-

diosa Say, (Fig. 4) the axis of petoskeyensis (Fig. 3) is proportion-

ately much larger, more elongated and more cylindrical, but the

general features of both are the same. The peculiar contraction of

the base of the whorl around the upper end of the pillar, so remark-

ably developed in petoskeyensis, is present, but not at all marked, in

desidiosa. ‘The umbilicus in petoskeyensis is round and deep, and is

more conspicuous in the immature shells, as the expansion of the

broadly reflected columella nearly covers it in the adult.

a

THE NAUTILUS, XXII. PLATE I.

NEW MICHIGAN LYMNAG@AS.

THE NAUTILUS,

AXII

NEW

MICHIGAN

LYMN AAS

THE NAUTILDUS. 7

The little brook, only a few hundred feet long, in which the

‘species lives, is also the type locality for Physa walkert Crandall.

Lymnexa cyclostoma n. sp. Pl. II, fig. 4.

Shell ovate conic, turreted, umbilicate, light yellowish horn-

colored, shining ; lines of growth fine, irregular, subobsolete on the

body whorl, stronger on the apical whorls, reticulated by indistinct

revolving, impressed spiral lines. Spire elongated, apex subacute ;

whorls 5, very convex, those of the spire somewhat shouldered,

suture deeply impressed ; body whorl large, inflated, very convex.

Aperture broad oval, subcircular, rounded above and below. Colu-

mella broadly reflected over the round, deep umbilicus, convex,

smooth with no fold, parietal wall with a thin transparent callus.

Lip sharp, but thickened within by a heavy white callus.

Alt. 7.5, diam. 3.25 mm.

Types (No. 13599 Coll. Walker) from Indian Creek, Kent County,

Mich. Also from Alma, Gratiot County, Mich.

This very distinct little species was first collected by Dr. R. J.

Kirkland, of Grand Rapids, Mich., and was listed as LZ. cubensis Pfr.

_ (umbilicata C. B. Ads.) in my Review of the Moll. Fauna of Michi-

gan (1894). Through the courtesy of Mr. E. A. Burt, curator of

the Museum of Middlebury College, I have been able to examine the

specimen of L. umbilicata deposited in that museum by Adams, and

for comparison have figured it (fig. 1). The two species are so

obviously distinct that verbal comparison is hardly necessary. L.

eyclostoma differs in its more elevated, turreted spire, more broadly

reflected columella and thickened white lip. It resembles umbilicata,

however, in the sculpture, and is no doubt derived from the same

stock.

In this connection it may not be out of place to add that the

inspection of the authentic specimen of ZL. umbilicata confirms Dr.

Pilsbry’s reference of that species to L. cubensis Pfr. It is evidently

distinct from ZL. caperata Say, and its reference to that species as a

synonym by Haldeman, Tryon, Binney and others is quite erroneous.

The Middlebury specimen is not quite mature. It has 44 whorls

and measures 6 mm. in height and 4 mm. in diameter. For further

comparison I have figured (Fig. 2) a Rhode Island specimen, which

is apparently typical; the dimensions (6.5 x 4.25) agreeing almost

precisely with those given by Adams. It is however, somewhat

8 THE NAUTILUS.

more inflated than the Middlebury specimen. The apparent fold on

the columella is evidently an individual malformation, as it does not

appear in any of the other specimens in the same lot. Compared

with typical cubensis (Fig. 3), wmbilicata is more globose, with a

shorter and more obtuse spire. If the difference holds good for the

northern form, umbilicata would be entitled to varietal rank.

A single small specimen from Otter Lake (Lapeer? County),

Fie. 1. Michigan, (Text Fig. 1.) collected by the late Dr. Manly

Miles, seems referable to wmbilicata. It is smaller than

the Rhode Island specimens (3.5.x 2) and differs some-

what in shape, the body whorl being somewhat shoul-

dered and the spire more acute and slightly more elevated.

But the characteristic axial (longitudinal) sculpture is

present although there is no trace of any spiral lines. The lip is

decidedly thickened within, and both it and the columella are pink.

The umbilicus is not as large as in the Rhode Island form.

Lymnea stagnalis v. perampla n. var. PI. II, figs. 5 and 6.

This variety differs from the usual North American form, var.

appressa Say, by its shorter, rapidly acuminating spire and larger,

strongly shouldered body whorl; the first three whorls of the spire

are slender and increase regularly in size; the penultimate whorl is

disproportionately enlarged, swollen and subangulated by the flatten-

ing of the upper part of the whorl, which in the body whorl develops

into a prominent shoulder.

Alt. (fig. 5) 45.5, diam. 26, length ap. 28, width 18 mm.

Alt. (fig. 6) 45, diam. 23.75, length ap. 26, width 17 mm.

Types (No. 1834 coll. Walker) from Houghton Lake, Roscom-

mon County, Michigan. Cotypes in the collections of the Philadel-

phia Academy and the Chicago Academy of Sciences. Also from

Douglas Lake near Petoskey, Michigan. All the specimens of

stagnalis from Houghton Lake that I have seen, more than 30, are

of this peculiar form, which apparently a well-marked local race.

I have been informed by the late Dr. W. H. DeCamp that the late

A. O. Currier of Grand Rapids, who was the first to make known

the peculiar Lymnzids of Houghton Lake, intended to describe this

form under the very appropriate name which I have adopted for it.

An elevated, almost scalariform example of this variety was

figured in the Nautixvus, Vol. VI, pl. 1, fig. 6. It is interesting to

THE NAUTILUS. 9

note that in Marl Lake a small enlargement of Marl River, which

connects Higgins and Houghton Lakes, the typical LZ. stagnalis

appressa was the only form found.

Lymnea desidiosa var. peninsulg, n. var. PI. II, fig. 7.

Shell slender, elengated, spire long and acute, subturreted, whorls

of the spire very convex, with a very deeply impressed suture, body-

whorl elongated, subcylindrical, aperture oval, not very much ex-

panded.

Alt. 13.50, diam. 6.25 mm.

(To be continued. )

LIST OF MOLLUSKS FROM AMARILLO, TEXAS.

BY J. B. HENDERSON, JR.

The ‘Pan Handle” of Texas is a flat, treeless plain where the

traveler could make good use of nautical instruments. I could find

no vestige of molluscan life there except in the deep cafions, a few

of which are encountered on a journey across the “ Handle.”” The

following is a list of species taken from one of these cafions at a point

about 15 miles S. E. of Amarillo. All were found in drift debris—

none actually alive and crawling about. The identifications are by

Pilsbry and Vanatta.

Zonitoides singleyana Pils.

Zonitoides minuscula Binn.

Vallonia perspectiva Sterki.

Vallonia gracilicosta Reinh.

Helicodiscus parallelus Say.

Pupoides marginatus Say.

Bifidaria pellucida hordeacella Pils.

Bifidaria tappaniana C. B. Ad.

Bifidaria armifera Say.

Bitidaria procera cristata P. & V.

Vertigo ovata Say.

Planorbis parvus Say.

A few specimens of Physa, Lymnza and Pisidium too young for

identification were also found.

10 THE NAUTILUS.

NOTES AND NEWS.

THe Nason CoLtiection.—The University of Illinois has lately

acquired the collection of shells of Dr. Wm. A. Nason, of Algonquin,

Illinois. The collection numbers approximately 50,000 specimens,

representing 10,000 species. Among these are large series of the

species found in Illinois, together with many beautiful specimens

from various parts of the world.

Tue Ancry Lisrary.—The books and many of the papers of

the late C. F. Ancey can be obtained from Mr. Gerat, 76 rue du

Faubourg St. Denis, Paris, France.

Nore on Crypr2A GRACILIS, Gask.—A few months ago, among

some small shells from unknown localities which came into my

hands, there appeared a small cowry which fora time puzzled me

exceedingly, being very different from any of the species then known

to me. Upon careful study, however, in connection with the var-

ious monographs of the Cypreidx, it has proven unmistakably to

be the very rare Cyprea gracilis, Gask, the type of which was

brought from the China Seas by the ‘“‘ Samarang ” and which has

since been found only at Mauritius and Reunion I. (Weinkauff,

Hidalgo). Although the coloration of the back has been obliterated,

the specimen being beach-worn, it has the peculiar lip, the narrow,

bent aperture, sparsely scattered reddish-brown dots and fine teeth

called for in the Gaskoin description, and it also corresponds, as to

base and contour, to the figure in the Sowerby monograph, probably

copied by Weinkauff and Roberts. Length, 10 mm.

FreED L. Button.

NoTE ON TRIVIA MAUGERI£, Gray.—Of this very Tare species

—sometimes also known as Tr. ‘‘ Maugeri,” (Roberts, Hidalgo) and

thus far found only at the Galapagos Is.—I have known but three ex-

amples in all the West American collections. The first which ap-

peared was a badly bleached one which I detected among the molluscan

material brought back by the Stanford University expedition of

1898, the specimen being now in the University collection. The

second, a fine one in the Arnheim collection at San Francisco, was

unfortunately destroyed in the great fire of 1906; while my own

specimen, although beach-worn, is in fair condition and color.

Length, 13 mm.—F rep L. Burron.

THE NAUTILUS. 11

Nore on TRIVIA GALAPAGENSIS Me_v.—Upon examination of

the molluscan material brought back by the Stanford University ex-

pedition to the Galapagos Is. in 1898, 1 noticed this novelty and

sent it to Mr. Melvill for description (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.,

Aug., 1900.) Although the small type lot of this interesting species

were all jet black and shiny, I have since then obtained from the

same locality another specimen which is clearly referable to this

species but which is of a reddish-brown color, while all the other

specific characteristics, including the two whitish spots on the back,

are well marked. As already noted by me (Jour. of Conch., Oct.,

1902) this species proves to be ribbed throughout when perfect, in-

stead of smooth on the back, as described.—F rep L. Burton.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

A SURVEY OF THE SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF Pupa DRAPAR-

NAUD, OccuRRING IN SoutH Arrica. By James Cosmo MEL-

vILL and JoHn Henry Ponsonsy (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., I,

ser. 8, pp. 70-86, pl. i, ii, 1908). The paper is based on a collection

made by Mr. Henry C. Burnup, to whom credit is given for two

new forms. The figures are excellent. In all 28 species are re-

corded, with several varieties.

DeEscrRIPTIONS OF NINE TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCA FROM SOUTH

Arrica. By James Cosmo MeEtvitt and Joun Henry Pon-

sONBY, INCLUDING ANATOMICAL DESCRIPTIONS OF Two Pro-

POSED New GENERA (Afrodonta M. & P. and Feltatus G.-A.).

By Lt.-Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., I,

ser. 8, pp. 129-136, pl. 7 and 8, 1908).

C. F. ANCEY. !

César-Marie-Felix Ancey, administrator at Mascara, Algeria, was

born in Marseilles, November 15, 1860. His father, well known

1 Taken in part from the obituary by Mr, H. Fischer (Jour. de Conch., LV,

pp. 404-496), to whom we are also indebted through Mr. Geret for the accom-

panying portrait. A complete list of Mr, Ancey’s writings will be found in the

above publication, pages 406-412.—EpiTors,

12 THE NAUTILUS.

for his publications on entomology and author of valuable work on

malacology, encouraged his well-developed inclination for zodlogical

studies. At the age of twenty-three he was appointed conservator

of the fine Oberthur entomological collection at Rennes. This posi-

tion not promising material success, he returned to Marseilles, where

he studied law, and obtained his diploma in 1885. He then entered

the government administration in Algeria; was married in 1889,

and the same year was appointed deputy administrator, and filled

successively positions at Fort National, Boghari and Dra-el Mizan.

After thirteen years spent in that locality he was promoted to acting

administrator at Mascara. It was a just reward for his great quali-

fications and for the esteem which he had been able to win amidst

duties that were frequently of a difficult character.

Mr. Ancey hoped shortly to fill a State mission to the Cape Verde

Islands, which was sure to furnish opportunities for malacological

studies. After a brief illness he died at Mascara, October 10, 1906.

His death was a painful surprise to his scientific correspondents.

Most of his writings were on conchology, and his many papers,

some 140 in all, give an idea of the importance of his work, devoted

principally to the malacological fauna of Hawaii, Central Africa,

Polynesia, Central Asia, etc. He was especially interested in the

study of the smaller land shells, of which he had a large collection.

As his appointment to Mascara promised to be permanent, he ex-

pected to be able to work up his large accumulation of undetermined

species, still packed just as he had received them. It was his pur-

pose some day to study the land mollusks of Algeria; although

thoroughly competent for the work, he hesitated to undertake it on

account of the difficulties arising from the many doubtful species,

which made the study of the Algerian fauna a most ungrateful task.

Mr. Ancey is authority for many generic or subgeneric names,

among which may be mentioned: Boysidia, Parabalia, Haplotrema,

Pseudomphalus, Monomphalus, Micromphalia, Platystoma, Rhytidt-

opsis, Pararhytida, Microphyura, Ochroderma, Tomostele, Mabilhella,

Thomsonia, Lechaptoisia, Thaanumia, Baldwinia and Armandiella.

The genus Anceyia was dedicated to him by Bourguignat. Re-

markably gifted and thoroughly acquainted with the bibliography of

the subject, he leaves behind him work which marks a real progress

in our knowledge of the terrestrial mollusks. His untimely death is

a great loss to science.

THE NAUTILUS.

Vou. XXII. JUNE, 1908. No. 2.

A NEW EOCENE FOSSIL FROM CLAIBORNE.

BY T. H. ALDRICH.

MITROMORPHA EOCENENSIS, N. sp.

Shell small, but five whorls remaining (the em-

bryonic whorls are broken off), sulcate, the longi-

tudinals close set and prominent, the spirals the

same on the smaller whorls, but on the body whorl

more prominent at the suture and the base; suture

distinct and rather deep; outer lip denticulated ;

pillar lip with two tubercles, the one nearest the

canal long and tapering. Canal short, slightly

widened and slightly twisted.

Length 7 mm., breadth 3 mm.

Locality: Claiborne Sand Bed, Claiborne, Alabama.

Remarks: In Mitromorpha pygmaea Dall and others examined,

the spiral sculpture seems to predominate, but in the species de-

scribed above the longitudinal is the stronger.

TWO INTERESTING NEW ENGLAND NUDIBRANCH RECORDS.

BY FRANCIS N. BALCH.

The absolutely lamentable state of our present knowledge (or

rather ignorance) of the New England Nudibranchs is in no small

part due to the capricious and baffling occurrence of that interesting

14 THE NAUTILUS.

group. Here to-day and gone to-morrow, perhaps abundant one

year and not observed again for decades, even on shores where they

are in most years common if rightly sought at the right season, they

remain practically unknown to many whose collecting is done only

in summer.

A good deal of evidence has accumulated to show that many of

the forms, chiefly Aeolidians, have a peculiar life-history, somewhat

as follows: Coming on the shore in early spring they breed in the

rock-pools or not far below low-water mark, and almost immediately

die. The young, growing slowly at first and escaping observation

by reason of their minute size and often marvelously “ protective ”’ (?)

coloration, work their way slowly off shore with the coming of

warmer weather, migrating still further out as the cold sets in, and

attain their growth over winter in comparatively deep water, only to

perform the reverse migration, breed and die the next spring. They

are thus annuals. This is supposed to be the case particularly with

Aeolidian forms, but not even for them is the theory universally

accepted. There are certainly grave objections to it. It has been

urged that neither the on-shore nor the off-shore migration has been

followed ; that the ycung ought not to escape observation over sum-

mer even though minute and inconspicuous; that they occasionally,

though rarely, occur in summer adult or nearly so; that the dredge

fails to reveal them of nearly adult size in winter when they should

occur. On the other hand it is a fact that many of the species have

a fairly definite season (usually early spring, more rarely late

autumn, and still more rarely at other times) when in most years

they are with us in fair numbers and of full size, and thereafter—

and suddenly—thence depart and are seen no more till the next year

at the same season or perhaps many years later at the same season.

This holds good of the rocky shores in the neighborhood of Boston,

and I imagine few of us have ever seen there, except in spring, more

than very scant and scattering examples of the Aeolid type.

The following captures, therefore, have a distinct interest, even

though, by the fault of the writer, it is much less than it should be,

On November 15, 1905, Owen Bryant, Esq., of Cohasset, Mass.,

took from kelp dislodged by a storm from water of moderate (but

uncertain) depth more than sixty Nudibranchs of at least eleven

different species practically in company at that one spot. Not one

was very young (less than say 3-4 mm.) Not one was adult.

THE NAUTILUS. 16

He very kindly notified me and gave a Sunday to a trip to

Cohasset where I saw the remarkable haul still alive. The early

darkness of a November afternoon, the absence of apparatus and

books and my absorption in professional work which precluded the

possibility of my attempting to transport and preserve the living

creatures for further study, may be held sufficient excuse for my

failure to identify the species at the time fully and reliably, but not

for my apparent failure to preserve some of the more interesting

forms for later working over. To my great regret, however, the

single Dorid form is the only one I am now able to find.

The species identified were as follows according to my. notes:

Cratena gymnota (Couth.). ‘*1 specimen quite juv., cores of cerata

very dark.” |

? Cratena veronicae Verrill. ‘‘1 specimen, abt. 2 in., cerata very

green, very like viridis A. & H.” *

Coryphella mananensis (Stimps.) ‘1 specimen, abt. 4 in., juv.”’

? Coryphella salmonacea (Couth.). ‘> diversa Couth., 1 nearly

adult spec., abt. 1 in.” Unfortunately salmonacea (Couth.,)

[now Bergh] does not include diversa (Couth.), as I then sup-

posed, and both species are in utmost need of further elucidation.

Wherefore I much regret my failure to preserve this specimen

as a consequence of which I am now quite unable to say what I

really had before me—at all events something wholly distinct

from mananensis.

Dendronotus frondosus (Ascanius). ‘3 specimens, abt. 1 in.”’

Dendronotus robustus Verrill. ‘1 specimen, abt. ? in.”

Palio lessonit (d’Orb.) ‘2 specimens, abt. $ in., like A. & H’s.

figures of adult but anal tubercles very conspicuous and white

instead of yellow.”

Lamellidoris aspera (A. & H.) > pallida A. Ag. ‘1 specimen,

juv., abt. 4 in.”

The above enumeration certainly includes all the species (and like-

wise all the specimens) of all except the Aeolid forms. But of the

Aeolid species enumerated there were in all likelihood many more

specimens, while I noted that there were at least three obviously

different Aeolid species which I did not undertake to name.

Quite probably there were more. The whole enumeration only

* I had Alder & Hancock’s figure before me in making the comparison,

16 THE NAUTILUS.

accounts for eleven specimens out of more than sixty. I only had

time to note the larger and more conspicuous ones.

On September 19, 1907, Mr. Bryant made a somewhat similar

haul, although less interesting. He most kindly brought the mate-

rial to me still alive, and I was able to study it more adequately.

There were twenty-nine specimens of three species, and all were

taken together from the bottom of a floating clam-car.

The species were as follows:

Facelina bostoniensis (Couth.) now Coryphella bostoniensis (Couth.).

Bergh et auct. al. Europ., “7 specimens, 4 to 10 mm.”

Coryphella mananesis (Stimps.). ‘2 specimens, 8 mm., 14 mm.”

Palio lessonti (d’Orb.). ‘20 specimens, 1 abt. 12 mm., the rest

abt. 5 mm. Seem browner in coloration and much more

sparsely tuberculated, with relatively more conspicuous circum-

anal tubercles than the European type as figured.”

It will be noted that here again not one is adult, while not one is

very young.

It seems to me that these two captures suggest strongly an au-

tumnal condensation of the half-grown Nudibranch population (of

certain groups) in moderate depths, just off the shore perhaps, best

explained tentatively as a ‘‘ wave of migration’ to deeper water for

the winter. It is clear enough how a population, which would be

very sparse if spread over the whole area from three fathoms, let us

say, to extreme low-water mark, might be much condensed if the

cooling waters or failing food supply set them all moving off shore

about the same time, only to check and bank up at the edge of some

particular deep channel or cold current or on some specially favor-

able hunting-ground which all hitherto living anywhere inshore of it

must cross.

NEW MICHIGAN LYMNZEAS.

BY BRYANT WALKER.

( Concluded.)

Lymnea desidiosa peninsule

Types (No. 20040 Coll. Walker) from the headwaters of the

Union River, Ontonagon County, Michigan. Cotypes in the collec-

tions of the Philadelphia Academy and the Chicago Academy of

Sciences. Also from Little Iron River, Ontonagon Co., Salmon

THE NAUTILUS. 14

Trout River, Marquette Co., and the St. Mary’s River at Saulte

Ste. Marie, Mich.

This variety differs from the usual and more typical form (pl. I,

fig. 4 and pl. II, fig. 8) of general distribution in the lower Penin-

sula, by its slender, elongated form. 1t is apparently characteristic

of the small rivers tributary to Lake Superior. With the exception

of a few specimens from Saulte Ste. Marie, the typical form of

desidiosa has not been as yet found in the Upper Peninsula at all.

Peninsulz is very similar in shape to a small form of general distri-

bution through the State, which is probably referable to some one of

Lea’s indefinite species, but differs by its much greater size, being

twice as long with the same number of whorls. As a characteristic

local form of a large region, it seems worthy of a name.

Lymnea davisi nu. sp. Pl. II, fig. 9-10.

Shell of medium size, globose-conic ; perforate ; light horn-color ;

whorls 5; the spire about one-third of the entire length of the shell,

rapidly acuminating and with a minute, sharp apex ; the whorls of

the spire are flattened and but slightly convex, with a distinct, but

not deeply impressed, suture; body whorl large, inflated, ovate,

flattened above and rounded below ; lines of growth distinct, fine and

regular, minutely decussated with revolving spiral lines; aperture

large, pear-shaped, acutely angled above and broadly rounded below,

about three-fifths of the entire length, lip sharp, slightly thickened

within, straight above, somewhat expanded below, broadly reflected

over and nearly covering the small umbilical perforation ; columella

with a very slight fold; axis rather thick, round, scarcely if at all

folded.

Alt. (Fig. 9) 15.2, diam. 7.5 mm.

Alt. (Fig. 10) 15, diam. 7.5 mm.

Types (No. 20092 coll. Walker) from, Fish Point, Tuscola

County, Mich. This species is well characterized by its large, ovate

body whorl and its very acute spire; the apical whorls are flattened

and the straight line of spire is prolonged over the upper part of the

body, giving a ‘ pot-bellied ”’ appearance to the shell.

Named in honor of Prof. Charles A. Davis of Ann Arbor, its dis-

coverer, in recognition of the many valuable contributions he has

made to our knowledge of the distribution of the mollusca in Michi-

gan.

18 THE NAUTILUS.

Lymnea bakerin. sp. Pl. II, figs. 11-12.

Shell slender, elongate, perforate ; whorls 5; spire elongated, tur-

reted ; apex acute; body whorl narrow, elongated, compressed below ;

suture deeply impressed ; lines of growth fine and regular with fine

subobsolete, revolving, spiral lines; aperture narrow, elongated, within

the flare of the lip, the sides are nearly parallel, and about equally

rounded above and below; lip thin, sharp, suddenly and broadly

expanded, subreflected, continuous, not appressed to the parietal wall,

and roundly reflected over the perforation, columella straight, with-

out a fold; axis round and smooth.

Alt. (fig. 12) 16.5, diam. 7.5, length ap. 8.5, width 4.5 mm. -

Types (No. 9853 Coll. Walker) from Pine Lake, Charlevoix

County, Mich.

This remarkable species was dredged from the marl bottom of

Pine Lake. No living specimens were found, and in all prob-

ability it is extinct. In its external characteristics it is more

nearly related to L. gayi Dunker (gracilis Jay) than to any other of

the described species, but the resemblance is a general one only, the

two species differing in nearly every detail. The continuous, free lip

and straight columella are exceedingly like those of jayi, and would

naturally cause it to be referred to the subgenus Acel/la. But the

axis is not gyrate, as in that group, but is rounded and without a

fold, as in Galba.

The young shell (fig. 11) is subcylindrical, and with its heavily-

shouldered, turreted whorls and narrow aperture reminds one of the

curious L. contracta Currier from Houghton Lake. I take pleasure

in dedicating this very peculiar species to Mr. Frank C. Baker, of

the Chicago Academy of Sciences, who has made a special study of

the North American Lymneas.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

PLATE I.

Figures 1—4 inclusive are enlarged. The remainder are of natural

size.

Fig. 1. LZ. emarginata Say (immature), Isle Royal, Mich.

Figs. 2,9 and 10. ZL. pilsbryana Walker (immature), Isle Royal,

Mich.

Fig. 3. L. petoskeyensis Walker, Petoskey, Mich.

Fig. 4, L. desidiosa Say, Ann Arbor, Mich.

THE NAUTILUS. 19

Figs. 5, 6 and 7. L. petoskeyensis Walker (types), Petoskey,

Mich.

Figs. 8 and 11. Z. pilsbryana Walker (types), Isle Royal, Mich.

PLATE II.

Figures 1 to 4 inclusive are enlarged on the same scale. Figures

7 and 8 are also equally enlarged, but on a smaller scale. Figures

5, 6 and 9 to 12 inclusive are natural size.

Fig. 1. Z. umbilicata C. B. Ads. (ex auct.), New Bedford, R. I.

Fig. 2. L. umbilicata, Rhode Island. —

Fig. 3. Z. cubensis Pfr., Enterprise, Fla.

Fig. 4. LZ. cyclostoma Walker (types), Indian Creek, Kent County,

Mich.

Figs. 5 and 6. ZL. stagnalis eae Walker (types), Houghton

Lake, Mich.

Fig. 7. L. desidiosa peninsulz Walker (types), Union R., Onton-

agon, County, Mich.

Fig. 8. L. desidiosa Say, Oakland County, Mich.

Figs. 9 and 10. LZ. davist Walker (types), Fish Point, Tuscola —

County, Mich.

Fig. 11. L. bakeri Walker (young) Pine Lake, Charlevoix, Mich.

Fig. 12. ZL. bakeri (type), Pine Lake, Charlevoix, Mich.

ADDITIONAL SHELLS FOUND IN AROOSTOOK COUNTY, MAINE.

BY OLAF O. NYLANDER.

Circinaria concava Say, one small living shell of this species found

at Sherman, in 1904.

Physa sayti, Tappan, very fine, large specimens found in Callen’s

mill pound, Caribou stream, Caribou, Maine, at Salmon brook, Lake

Perham and in the dead water on Salmon brook in Woodland.

Lymnexa palustris Mull., a large colony of this species was found

in asmall brook on G. C. Hall’s farm 3 miles south of Caribou

village.

Planorbis bicarinatus var. The carinations on this are extremely

developed; Portage Lake, Square Lake and Cross Lake all on Fish

River.

Volvata sincera var. nylanderi Dall., Portage Lake, Square Lake

and Cross Lake, dredged at various depths to 25 feet.

20 THE NAUTILUS.

NOTE ON LYMNAEA DESIDIOSA SAY.

BY FRANK COLLINS BAKER.

An examination of Say’s specimens of L. destdiosa in the Academy

of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia reveals the fact that all subse-

quent naturalists have misunderstood this species and have given the

name to a species belonging to a different group of Lymnaeas. The

true desidiosa is a member of the palustris group, as shown by Say’s

specimens and by a close study of Say’s descriptions. The two

specimens in the Philadelphia Academy may be described as follows:

Shell oblong-ovate, rather solid, color pale horn; surface dull,

lines of growth crowded, conspicuous, crossed by impressed spiral

lines; whorls 54, convex; the body whorl is quite convex; spire

acutely conic, about as long as the aperture ; sutures well impressed ;

apex of 14 whorls, brownish horn; aperture long ovate; outer lip

thin, with an internal rib or varix; inner lip reflected over and

appressed to the parietal wall, leaving a small umbilical chink ;

columelar axis with a distinct plait.

Length 15.00, breadth 7.50, aperture length 8.00, breadth 3.00

mill.

Length 14.25, breadth 7.50, aperture length 7.75, breadth 3.50

mill.

The specimens bear the following label in the original hand-

writing :

Lymnaea desidiosa Say, Journ. Acad., vy. 2, p. 169. T. Say,

Penn. ? (No. 58731).

The figure in Binney (fig. 68) is said to be from an authentic

specimen in the Philadelphia Academy, but no such specimen is

now in existence, nor are the specimens mentioned from Cayuga

Lake to be found. In the absence of any other authentic material

Say’s specimens must be taken as typical of desidiosa. A close

analysis of Say’s description would seem to indicate that he did not

have the shell before him which has so long borne the name of

desidiosa. He says ‘* It is closely allied to elodes, but the whorls are

more convex, one less in number, and the two terminal ones are

proportionately smaller.” This statement is repeated in the Amer-

ican Conchology. This statement of its relation to elodes would

Journ. Acad. Nat, Sci., ii, p. 169,

THE NAUTILUS. 21

scarcely have been made by Say, who possessed a peculiarly dis-

criminating sense of minute differences between shells, if he had

been describing the shell now known as desidiosa. The size of the

Philadelphia specimens (15 mill.) also corresponds pretty well with

the size given by Say (75 of an inch = about 17 mill.). The most

convincing fact to the writer is the presence of a specimen of

‘‘desidiosa”’ of authors in the Philadelphia Academy marked

“iemmaea ..... , Canandaigua Lake, T. Say” (No. 58732),

showing that the form usually called desidiosa is not the one so

called by Say. Prof. Edward S. Morse, who made the drawings for

Binney’s work, has been unable to give any information concerning

the specimen figured by Binney.

Last summer the writer made three trips to Cayuga Lake, one to

the south end at Ithaca and two to the north end at the town of

Cayuga, with the hope of securing specimens which would cor-

respond with Say’s specimens. Three whole days were spent in

exploring several miles of the shore and the small creeks, and while

specimens of both palustris and obrussa were obtained, not a single

specimen was found which agreed with Say’s destdiosa, The palus-

tris were the large, thin-shelled form and the obrussa were rather

small specimens, not at all like the description or specimens of

desidiosa. As Say gave no particular part of Cayuga Lake as the

identical spot in which the types were collected, it renders the task

of tinding locotypes well nigh impossible, since the lake is 88 miles

in length.

Recently, Miss Mary Walker, of Buffalo, New York, sent the

writer a number of shells from Young’s Quarry, Williamsville, New

York, which are identical with Say’s specimens of desidiosa, having

the same number of whorls and almost the same measurements.

These are given for comparison:

Say’s specimens:

Length 15.00, breadth 7.50, aperture length 8.00, breadth 3.00

mill.

Length 14.25, breadth 7.50, aperture length 7.75, breadth 38.50

mill.

Miss Walker’s specimens:

Length 15.00, breadth 8.00, aperture length 8.00, breadth 4.00

mill.

Length 14.00, breadth 8.00, aperture length 8.00, breadth 3.50

mill.

22 THE NAUTILUS.

Say’s figure in the American Conchology (plate 55, fig. 3) cor-

responds with the specimens from Williamsville, all having the

peculiar obese body whorl. Say himself identifies desidiosa from

western New York in Long’s expedition, II, p. 263, where he says,

“ Lymneus desidiosus nob. Falls of Niagara.”’

The history of desidiosa in the American monographs is interesting

and clearly indicates that since Say’s time little attention has been

given to closely analyzing this species. In all of his references Say

distinctly indicates a shell of the palustris type.

Haldeman describes and figures the form now distinguished as

obrussa and not the true desidiosa (compare his plate with Say’s

figure 3). Many of Haldeman’s figures are abnormal and do not

represent obrussa as it is usually developed. Tryon, in his contin-

uation of Haldeman’s work, (p. 104) states that many of the figures

on this plate are not desediosa but a form of columella (macrostoma).

In this statement Tryon is wrong and could scarcely have seen

Haldeman’s specimens, for a recent examination proved them all to

be referable to obrussa (desidiosa of authors) although as stated

above several of the specimens are abnormal. ‘The writer has col-

lected many specimens similar to those figured on Haldeman’s plate.

Binney, in his Land and Fresh-water Shells of North America,

Part II, makes obrussa a synonym of desidiosa, thus showing that

he considered the latter the small, smooth form and not the true

desidiosa of Say and his figure 68 is questionable for the reason and

is probably of a long-spired obrussa. In Baker’s Mollusca of the

Chicago Area obrussa is described and figured as destdiosa.

Recently Dr. W. H. Dall, in his Alaska Mollusks (p. 73, fig. 51)

figures Say’s obrussa under desidiosa, but also refers in his synonymy

to Binney’s figure 68. The European monographs have given

figures referable to obrussa rather than to desidiosa.

Amidst the uncertainties caused by the absence of Say’s types we

must look for a shell which is closely allied to elodes, but is smaller,

with more convex whorls, and possesses 5 instead of 6 full whorls.

Such a shell is found in the autotypes of destdiosa in the Philadel-

phia Academy, and this type of shell occurs in several localities in

the eastern part of the United States, and is easily separable from

any other known species or variety. ‘The spire varies considerably,

being short, or long, or even scalariform. There are from 2 to 5

rest varices on the whorls.

THE NAUTILUS. 23

Desidiosa, then, differs from obrussa (desidiosa of authors) in its

generally larger and more solid shell, longer and more turreted

spire, more pronounced and heavier sculpture and more convex

whorls, with deeper sutures; in having an internal rib inside the

outer lip and in the presence of a fold on the columella. Compared

with palustris, desidiosa is smaller, usually more solid and with a

more obese body whorl and a more dilated aperture. The spire, too,

is more sharply conic and the whorls are more tightly coiled, pro-

ducing a deeper suture. The inner lip is also more expanded,

producing a heavier callus. The shells called elodes by Say are

larger, more flat-sided, with a longer spire, and the whorls are not

so rounded and are more oblique.

If we accept the evidence afforded by Say’s specimens (and there

seems to the writer to be no other course), then the shells usually

called desidiosa must bear the name of obrussa, which is the first

available name, and deszdiosa must be used for the shells so-called

by Say.

EXPLANATION OF Pirate III.’

Fig. 1. Lymneza desidiosa Say, Williamsville, Erie Co., N. Y.

(from collection of Miss Mary Walker, Buffalo, N. Y.)

Fig. 2. Say’s figures of Lymnza desidiosa in Amer. Conch., pl.

55, fig. 3.

NORTHERN OPISTHOBRANCHIATA.,

BY F. M. MACFARLAND.

NorTHERN AND AROTIC INVERTEBRATES IN THE COLLECTION

OF THE SwepisH State Museum (RiksmuseEum). III. Opis-

THOBRANCHIA AND PTEROPODA. By Nils Odhner (Kungl. Svenska

Vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar, Band 41, No. 4, pp. 1-118, pl.

I-III, 1907).

The above work will be welcomed by American zodlogists as a

valuable contribution to our knowledge not only of the Opistho-

branch fauna of Scandinavian waters, but also as of great conveni-

ence in studying the quite similar fauna of our own North Atlantic

shores. The classic Index Molluscorum Scandinavie of Loven, 1846,

and the Mollusca Regionis Norvegizx of Sars, 1878, have been for

1 Plate III will appear in the July number.

24 THE NAUTILUS.

many years the principal extended sources of information upon this

subject. The paper of Mr. Odhner is based upon the large collec-

tion of Northern and Arctic forms which the Swedish State Museum

has accumulated from various expeditions and other sources since its

foundation, and which have been studied in part only by scientists.

The geographical area represented is a wide one, nearly completely

circumpolar in its extent. It includes principally the Arctic Ocean

off Siberia, the Kara and White Seas, the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans

off the coast of Norway, the waters surrounding the whole Scandi-

navian peninsula, and to a less extent the coasts of Spitzbergen,

Iceland and Greenland, the North Atlantic, Davis Strait, Baffin Bay

and Bering Sea.

The first section of the paper gives a useful systematic synopsis of

the Opisthobranchs and Pteropods studied, based largely upon the

well-known works of Fischer, Bergh and Pelseneer. Following

this is a detailed summary of the geographical and bathymetrical

distribution.

The third section of the work is devoted toa description of the

new forms found in the collection. These are Diaphana hyalina

Turton var. sptrata, Diaphana glacialis, Gonieolis lobata, Archi-

doris nobilis Lovén MS., Jssa villosa, Doridunculus pentabranchus,

Idalia pulchella A. & H. var. fusca, and Cumanotus laticeps, the last

named being the type of a new genus of Aeolidiadae.

Of especial interest and value to students of this group of Mollusca

are the three excellent plates, the second and third being especially

welcome. These two present artistic reproductions in the natural

colors of sixty-one figures of forty-one different species, prepared

under the direction of Professor Lovén by the artists W. and F. v.

Wright, but never yet published. ‘These form a valuable supple-

ment to Lovén’s Index, the original numbers assigned by him being

given in parentheses upon the plates. Those who have studied these

beautiful animals in life and compared them with even the very best

museum specimens, in which original color and body form have

alike disappeared, will fully appreciate this preservation in a perma-

nent manner of these important records.

The usefulness of the paper is further enhanced by a chronolog-

ical bibliography and a very complete index. The convenience of

the former might have been increased somewhat by the addition of

abbreviated titles of all the papers cited, which are omitted in most

cases, the date, author, journal and place alone being given.

THE NAUTILUS, XXII. PLATE III,

3 4

1, 2. LYMNAZA DESIDIOSA SAY.

3,4. PLEUROBEMA TOMBIGBEANUM FRIERSON.

THE NAUTILUS.

VoL. XXII. JULY, 1908. No. 3.

ON EUCONULUS FULVUS AND E. TROCHIFORMIS.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

Helix fulva as described by Muller (1774) was a composite of two

species: (1) adult Helix fulva of Draparnaud and later authors, and

(2) immature Helix bidentata Gmelin. Miiller’s idea exactly re-

versed the age-relations of the two forms; he considered (1) to be

the young stage of (2), and while he described both forms satisfac-

torily, and gives the measurements of both, a fuller description is

naturally given of the form he considered adult. The somewhat

unusual conic shape, etc., rendered it easy for subsequent authors to

reccgnize both forms from Muller’s description. Indeed it would

be hardly possible to mistake any other snail of the region for either.

The next notice of the forms was by Gmelin (1791), who admits

Miiller’s H. fulva without recognizing its composite nature, his ac-

count being merely compiled from Muller. Gmelin moreover de-

scribed and named the adult stage of Helix bidentata, referring to

unmistakable figures in the Conchylien Cabinet of Chemnitz. There

has never been any controversy about the validity of Gmelin’s H.

bidentata.

Ten years later (1801), Draparnaud, in his Tableau des Moll.

terr. et fluv. de la France, p. 72, restricts Helix fulva to the Euconu-

lus, giving an excellent description. He also recognized and de-

scribed H. bidentata, the two being quite rightly placed in different

groups. Up to the present time this arrangement has been followed

almost universally,

26 THE NAUTILUS.

Two years later, in 1803, Montagu described and figured Heliz

trochiformis (Testacea Britannica, p. 427). The account agrees

well with our Huconulus fulvus except in the number of whorls,

Montagu giving it six, which is one more than #. fulvus usually has.

Montagu did not recognize Muller’s snail in his new species. His

knowledge of the work of continental authors seems to have been

extremely restricted.

So far as 1 know, the name trochiformis has been adopted only by

Beck, in his catalogue of 1837, and by Dall, 1905.1. No description

of the snail under Montagu’s name has been published since the

original one in 1808.

So much for the evidence from original documents. I am acutely

aware that on any question of nomenclature there may be from two

to a dozen opinions, each supported by arguments which to some

will appear conclusive, yet in a case like this, where the concholo

gists of a century have been practically of one mind, a reversal of

their judgment should not be made without full consideration of all

aspects of the question. It might reasonably be argued that Muller’s

description, covering the adult stage of one species (/fulva auct.) and

the immature stage of another (bidentata Gmel.), should be restricted

to the former, even though Miiller himself mistook the real relations

of the forms. It is hardly necessary to discuss the inexpediency

of discarding all composite species, since everybody admits that

either with species or genera some member of the original melange

must conserve the original name unless all be synonymous with

earlier names. It seems to me that the case may be summarized

thus:

1774. Muller described as H. fulva a composite of two species

(Hygromia bidentata plus Euconulus fulvus of modern authors).

1791. Gmelin eliminated H. bidentata from the composite by his

unmistakable diagnosis and reference.

1801. Draparnaud recognized the composite nature of Muller’s

H. fulva and restricted that name to the Huconulus, which he well

described and later figured.

I venture to submit the opinion that no action by Montagu or any

other subsequent author should affect the status of either of the two

species in question. Huconulus fulvus therefore should stand.

1Land and Fresh Water Mollusks of Alaska and adjoining regions, Harri-

man Aluska Expedition, Vol. xiii, p. 40.

THE NAUTILUS. 27

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW PLEUROBEMA.

BY L. 8S. FRIERSON.

PLEUROBEMA TOMBIGBEANUM n. sp. Plate III, figs. 3, 4.

Shell short, triangular, thick, solid and heavy; truncated in

front, roundly pointed behind at the post-base. Beaks high and in-

curved, their sculpture not seen. Post ridge rounded, and close to

the post margin. The sides are slightly flattened just in front of

the post-ridge, and an inflated, raised area extends from the beaks

to the anterior base. This area is to a considerable degree concen-

trically sulcated, the sulci becoming obsolete behind, where it be-

comes striated; epidermis rayless, dark reddish brown or having

faint greenish rays near the beaks. Lunule triangular, and mem-

branaceous. The shell is markedly flattened in front, half way from

beaks to base, showing a sort of so-called “secondary lunule.”

Nacre white, to rose color, and iridescent. Muscle scars well im-

pressed, and separate. Beak cavities shallow. In the left valve

there are two low, thick curved laterals, somewhat striate, and a

stout, upright, bifid, striate, acuminate cardinal. In the right valve

a single low, stout curved lateral upon a very wide heavy plate, or

shelf, and a single wedge-shaped cardinal arising from a pit sur-

rounded by a semicircular, low ridge. Cardinal plate thick, on the

inner surface of which may be noted the dorsal muscle scars.

Length 48, alt. 40, diam. 32.3 mm.

Length 41, alt. 39, diam. 27.5 mm.

Tombigbee river. ‘Types from Demopolis, Marengo Co., Ala-

bama, in coll. Frierson and A. N. S. Phila. Also found at Colum-

bus, Mississippi.

The shell may be mistaken by the casual observer, for a small

Quadrula pyramidata, Lea, but may easily be distinguished by its

smaller size, and especially its shallower beak cavities, lower beaks,

and less pronounced sulcus from beak to post base. It seems a

rather rare shell in the Tombigbee and Alabama Rivers. Four

and a half specimens were received in three ‘‘envois” from the

former river. Mr. Bryant Walker informs me that he has two

specimens, from the Alabama River. One from the collection of

Dr. Lewis, and labeled by him “ U. plenus,’’ and the other received

28 THE NAUTILUS.

from Mr. R. E. Call, and placed among his “‘pyramidata.” Mr.

William A. Marsh has examples, which have been labeled

‘southern variety of pyramidata.”” Mr. Walker thinks the shell

is however a Pleurobema, rather than a Quadrula and he places it in

the scheme of classification next to Pleurobema taitianum, Lea.

Compared with that species, ours is less convex, with a more or less

distinct sulcus back of the convexity. Uniologists having southern

pyramidata, may perhaps find specimens of P. tombigbeanum in the

lots.

SOME NEW BRACHIOPODS.

BY WM. H. DALL,

During the researches of the U. S. S. Albatross party in 1906 a

good many brachiopods were obtained, and the range of some known

species much extended. The examination indicates that two species

of those obtained are undescribed. Diagnoses are now given and

figures are in preparation.

Terebratula (Liothyris) sakhalinensis n. sp.

Shell large, solid, of a rather dark and ruddy brown color and

nearly smooth surface which bears faint concentric lines of growth

and usually fainter, irregularly radial impressed lines on the anterior

portion of the shell; valves moderately convex, the anterior margins

slightly flexuous, the middle of the ventral valve is slightly squarely

impressed and produced, the extension fitting into an analogous

excavation in the dorsal valve; beak stout, moderately recurved,

usually much eroded, with a large, entire foramen; the deltidial

plates form a solid arch with no mesial groove; internally a thick-

ened collar or short tube surrounds the peduncle, and an evident,

but not prominent, short septum extends mesially about 2 mm. from

the collar forward, in one specimen. Hinge of the ventral valve

solid, with no props to the dental processes ; in this valve the pallial

sinuses exhibit two strong parallel trunks which extend nearly to the

anterior margin before they begin to bifurcate; the genital glands

extend as a fine, brown, irregular reticulation over the main cavity

of the sinuses outside the inner line of the respective trunks on either

side ; dorsal (or hemal) valve with a small but evident cardinal

THE NAUTILUS. 29

process ; the dental processes small and narrow ; the loop is peculiar,

the two supporting arms are appressed and soldered to the wall of

the valve for a distance of 8 or 9 mm., so that the loop appears to

spring from the valve and not from the hinge; it abruptly bends

upward at a point about 12 mm. in front of the beak, forming a very

wide, slender, frail, almost flattened loop with short triangular crura ;

the width of the loop is about 12.5 mm., the height of its arch about

3 mm., while the crura, which are curved inward parallel with the

limb of the arch, are about 3 mm. long. A mesial septum, low and

narrow but distinct, extends forward as far as the anterior edge of

the adductor scars ; the pallial margin carries minute sete, which do

not project beyond the edge of the valve. Length of ventral valve

45, breadth 34.5, max. diam. of shell 26 mm.

Dredged on the southeast coast of Sakhalin Island, Okhotsk Sea,

in 64 to 100 fathoms, bottom temperature 30° F. Type, U.S. N.

Mus., 110, 786.

The remarkable loop of this species is sufficient to distinguish it

from any other of the genus; the characters mentioned are found in

all the specimens.

Laqueus morset n. sp.

Shell thin, smooth, polished, ruddy brown, rounded lozenge-

shaped, somewhat attenuated in front up toa 10 mm. wide trunca-

tion; ventral valve with a short beak, entire foramen and short,

wide, flattened area; deltidial plates united, but showing a groove

at the junction; dental processes short, triangular, strong, supported

by strong props with deep funnel-shaped cavities behind them; pal-

lial sinuses with two inner trunks bifurcating at the anterior third of

the valve, and two outer ones branched on the outer side from the

beginning; genital glands in two longitudinal lines on each side

extending along the middle of the main trunks of the sinuses and

barely distally bifurcated ; dorsal valve with a small but well devel-

oped hinge-plate, but no cardinal process or cavities under the dental

processes; the septum is short and delicate; the loop normally

formed but extremely slender, except the bight of the recurved por-

tion, which is much wider than the rest; the valves meet in a nearly

uniform plane, an extremely faint indication of a truncation in front

forms the only approach to a flexuosity. Length of ventral valve

32.5, of dorsal valve 29.0, breadth 80,5, diameter of shell 18.0 mm.

30 THE NAUTILUS.

Dredged at station 4,860 in the Japan Sea, in 122 fathoms, mud

and stones, bottom temperature 34° 1 F. U.S. N. Mus, 210,800.

The species is named in honor of Prof, E. S. Morse of Salem,

whose work on the brachiopods is well known. The most nearly

related species is Laqueus mariz, A. Adams, which is more ovate,

with a narrower and more recurved beak, the genital glands differ-

ently distributed, and the mesial septum of the dorsal valve, long,

high, and prominent; reaching to the anterior fourth of the valve,

while in Z. morse? it barely reaches the middle of the valve.

A white variety (albida) of Waldheimia (= Eudesia) raphaelis

Dall, was also dredged, the specimens being more compressed

laterally and with sharper anterior flexures than in the type. A

dwarf form of the same species with all the characteristics of the

adult, except that it measures 17 mm. long instead of 37, was

dredged in Kagoshima Gulf. The normal adults of the species show

little or no flexuosity anteriorly, until nearly full grown, but the

dwarf referred to possessed them in perfection.

A NOTE ON HELIX HORTENSIS.

BY OLOF O. NYLANDER.

I have been much interested in your articles on Helix hortensis in

America. When a small boy they were among my choicest play-

things and I gathered large numbers of them together with HZ.

nemoralis in south-eastern Sweden.

In 1899 among a lot of marine shells collected at Grand Manan,

and given to me for identification were three land shells. One

specimen had five narrow, dark brown bands on a light yellow

ground, a common form of Helix hortensis; both were of larger

size than any specimens in my collection from Sweden, Germany

and England. One specimen is of a rich yellow color, comparing in

every way with European specimens in my collection. The third

specimen was a young shell, light yellow in color and like the plain-

colored Helix hortensis of the Maine coast. Mrs. S. Page who col-

lected the specimens, informed me that they were plentiful on

the Island of Grand Manan, her native home. As there is so much

THE NAUTILUS. ol

speculation relative to the origin and distribution of Helix hortensis,

in America, I will state that in my opinion they were introduced by

the early French settlers in Canada, at Gaspé and along the St.

Lawrence River; and that their distribution only along the coast is

due to the more favorable conditions. The long cold winters—

sometimes commencing in September and lasting into the middle of

May in Canada and Maine, are too severe and long for Helix hor-

tensis to spread over the interior. Along the coast, and on the

islands, the winters are not as long or as intensely cold as in the

interior. I have gone over a very large part of northern Maine and

a good part of New Brunswick and have never seen /. hortensis.

I have collected Helix hortensis at Horte and Sherlotenlund on

the south coast of Sweden within a few steps of the water edge of

the Baltic Sea.

A NEW WEST INDIAN NITIDELLA.

BY WM. H. DALL.

During a recent visit to Cuba Mr. John B. Henderson, Jr., col-

lected a few marine shells from the rocks along shore, between tides,

at Ensenada de Cochinas, on the south side of the island. Among

them was the following species which I have been unable to identify

among the described forms of the genus.

Nitidella hendersoni n. sp.

Shell thin, fusiform, with an elongate, very acute spire, and about

eight whorls; nucleus minute, white, smooth; subsequent whorls

flattish with an appressed suture, pinkish near the nucleus, later be-

coming translucent with dark chestnut-brown lineolations, zigzags or

dots, frequently with white, protractive, oblique flammulations at the

“suture of which the anterior margins are bordered with a dark

chestnut line; also on the periphery is often a narrow articulated

band, of white and brown spots; the surface is covered with a con-

spicuous greenish periostracum, which on the body whorl is elevated

in axial lamelle not close enough to give a velvety effect but sep-

arated by wider polished spaces; surface nearly smooth under the

periostracum, polished, with faint indications of fine axial or revolv-

ing strie; on the base there are numerous spiral grooves which

32 THE NAUTILUS.

become stronger and channeled near the end of the nearly straight

canal; aperture white, within purplish ; outer slightly thickened, not

reflected, smooth within; posterior angle of the aperture grooved

and produced a little, with a subsutural obscure callosity on the

body which elsewhere has the surface smoothly erased, edge of the

pillar with one faint and one very strong marginal fold; operculum

normal. Alt. of shell 19, of last whori 13.5, of aperture 10, max.

diam. 8.0 mm, Found in crevices of the rocks a little below low-

water mark.

MOLLUSCA OF KEENE, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

BY R. D. WALKER AND WM. H. COOLIDGE, JR.

The shells that comprise this list were found in Keene, N. H., by

the late George Alexander Wheelock, and form a small part of the

extensive general collections which he made. The list is perhaps

worth publishing as local data in regard to the shells of Keene and

the surrounding regions. Mr. Wheelock spent almost his entire life

in Keene (1816-1906) investigating the natural history of Monad-

nock. The determination of the species is through the kindness of

Mr. Charles W. Johnson.

Planorbis parvus Say. Lyogyrus granum Say.

Planorbis bicarinatus Say. Amnicola limosa Say.

Planorbis campanulatus Say. Unio complanatus Sol.

Segmentina armigera Say. Alasmodonta undulata Say.

Lymnea humilis Say. Lampsilis nasutus Say.

Physa heterostropha Say. Anodonta cataracta Say.

Aplexa hypnorum. Sphaerium rhomboideum Say.

Succinea ovalis Say. Sphaerium secure Prime.

Polygyra albolabris Say. Sphaerium partumetum Say.

Polygyra fraterna Say. Sphaerium simile Say.

Zonitoides arboreus Say. - Pisidium variabile Prime.

Pyramidula cronkhitet anthonyt Pisidium compressum Prime.

Pils.

These specimens are in the Thoreau Museum of Natural History,

Middlesex School, Concord, Massachusetts.

THE NAUTILUS. 88

NOTES.

THe VERRILL CoL_iectTion.—Prof. A. E. Verrill of Yale Uni-

versity has sold to the University his great collection of marine

invertebrates, acquired during his work for the United States Fish

Commission in the 16 years from 1873 to 1887. The collection is

the duplicate of one secured at the same time and since transferred

to the National Museum of the Smithsonian Institution at Wasb-

ington.

FORMATION OF EPIPHRAGM BY LyMNZA PaLusTRIS (Muller).

—A few days ago while collecting fresh-water shells in the dry bed

of a pond near Alum Rock Park, San José, the author found several

live specimens of a form of Lymnea palustris Miiller lying on the

dry mud surface with the aperture sealed down by thick dried

mucous and withdrawn into their shells halfa whorl. The pond

usually contains water at least half the year but on account of the

dry spring has contained none since April Ist at least. The bed is

thinly covered with tall tulas so that the shells were not in the direct

rays of the sun. This form is the only one which occurs in the lake

and dead shells up to barely mature are abundant, and some larger.

—Haro_p HAnniBaL, San Jose, Cal.

Exotic Vivipara IN CALirornia.—Amongst the fresh-water

mollusean fauna of the ‘“‘ Artesian Belt,”’ between San José and San

Francisco Bay, is a large operculate edible snail introduced by the

Chinese fifteen or twenty years ago. 4 mm. when born, carinate

till mature, 6 months 20 mm, Occasionally in sub-brackish water,

grows as large as a duck’s egg. Plain yellow-green or with spiral

fringes of epidermis.

Specimens were sent to Dr. Dall, who identified it as Vivipara

lecythoides Bens.

It is very common where planted, but spreads slowly.

In the Navuritus XV, p. 91, is a reference to Vivapara stelma-

phora Bgt., from a dry bed of a lake or pond ‘at the foot of Mt.

Hamilton.”’ The author has been over the San José, Mt. Hamilton

road collecting, and of the four lakes and ponds on the route only

one, on the Grant ranch in Hall’s Valley, appears to answer the de-

scription, as it had been dry at the time that article was written for

34 THE NAUTILUS.

several years. The fauna was exactly the same as in the neighbor-

ing parts of Santa Clara Valley, except extremely large, and con-

tained not a sign of an operculate snail of any kind, nor did the son

of a neighboring rancher know of any such form, though he knew

the other species by sight. The other ponds were no better. Either

the locality given was incorrect or the species was killed out by the

drying-up of the lake while the other forms were not for some rea-

son. Certainly it does not occur there at present for no traces could

be found.—Haro._p HAnniBau, San José, Cal.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

A New Species or Cavo.tinia, with Notes ON OTHER

Preropops. By Wm. H. Dau (Smithsonian Mise. Coll., Vol. 50,

Jan., 1908). Cavolinia couthouyi, n. sp., from Fiji Is, and New

South Wales.

GONIDEA ANGULATA LEA, wiTtH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW

Variety. By Wm. H. Datu (Smiths. Misc. Coll., Vol. 50, Jan.,

1908). G. a. haroldiana is a new form from Guadalupe Creek,

between San José and San Francisco Bay, ‘‘remarkable for the

almost total absence of lateral angulation,” etc.

NOTES ON THE FRESH-WATER MOLLUSK PLANORBIS MAGNIFI-

cus AND Descriptions or Two New Forms. By Pau

Bartscu (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 33, pp. 697-700). Planorbis

magnificus Pilsbry occurs in Greenfield Pond, near Wilmington,

N. C., where it is rather scarce and local. P. eucosmius, n. sp., was

found in the same pond. It is very close to P. bicarinatus striatus,

but distinguished by having two chestnut bands. JP. eucosmius

vaughant, n. subsp., is from Burke’s Place, La. All are illustrated

with photographic figures.

Tur PuysioLocy or tHe Nervous SysTemM or THE RAzor-

SHELL CLAM, Ensis pirectus Conrap. By Girman A. Drew

(Journal of Experimental Zodlogy, V, No. 3, March, 1908).

Among other interesting conclusions, Dr. Drew finds that ‘the

THE NAUTILUS. 35

pedal ganglia are apparently dependent upon the cerebral for initi-

ative.’ When isolated, stimulation causes only local responses.

Impulses may pass in both directions through any of the commis-

sures and connectives. Impulses may be sent by roundabout con-

nections when the usual connections are destroyed.

First ADDITIONAL CATALOGUE OF LAND SHELLS OF JAPAN.

By Y. Hirase, Kyoto, 1908. In this list of 24 pages Mr.

Hirase catalogues the species and varieties from Japan, the Bonin

and Loochoo Islands and Formosa, obtained since the publication of

his former list. It is interesting as showing the results of the latest

work on these wonderfully rich faunas. Copies of the catalogue

will be sent free, we believe, to those interested in the collection of

Japanese shells. A handsome plate illustrates various new or inter-

esting species.

ZooLtocicaL Recorp, Vol, xliii, pt. viii, Mottusca.—By E.

R. SYKeEs, completed by S. Paceand R. M. Pace. This complete

record of all that has been published on Mollusca for the year 1906

together with every generic and specific name used, is indispensable

to all working conchologists. The part containing 103 pages can

be obtained for 4 shillings of Harrison & Sons, 45 St. Martin’s Lane,

London, Eng.

THe WILLIAMS COLLECTION OF SHELLS.—By GrorcGe Hat-

cott CHapwics, Chicago, Ill., 1908. A brief account of the con-

chological cabinet of Mrs. Alice L. Williams, which contains so

many rare and beautiful shells. It is undoubtedly the finest private

collection in America. The collection contains 26,000 shells, ‘‘a

number unexceeded, I believe, by any private shell cabinet in

America since the day of John Jay. While the collection is rich in

species representing almost every family, one naturally turns to

those gems of the sea, the Cyprwide. Here we find Cyprea

broderipi, the only one in America, C. nivosa, castanea, chrysalis,

coxent, crossei, similis, etc., etc., while species considered by many

rare are represented by series to show variation. There are 10 C.

aurantia, 10 decipiens, 10 thersites, 7 scotti, 4 umbilicata, etc.

Among the Conidz is enthroned Oonus gloria-maris while the rare

36 THE NAUTILUS.

cervus isalsothere. The beautiful Volutids are represented by many

species one scarcely sees in a lifetime. Pleurotomaria beyrichii is also

among the treasures, but space will not permit us to go into details.

It has been admirably described by Mr. Chadwick, who says:

‘‘ My desire in this writing is to make this remarkable collection

better known. It has been a labor of love, and I can wish for those

who read no greater pleasure than to come under the fascinating

spell of this great collection. It deserves a place in some great hall

of science, and it is Mrs. Williams’s hope that it may some day be

thus installed through public or private munificence.”’

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF MULLUSKS FROM THE

Paciric Coast OF THE UNITED STATES, with notes on the other

mollusks from the same region. By William Healey Dall (Proc.

U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 34, pp. 245-257. Numerous new species and

subspecies chiefly discovered by Dr. R. H. Tremper, Messrs. Herbert

W. Lowe, F. W. Kelsey, and the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, are de-

scribed, with notes on previously known forms.

SMELL THE DOMINANT SENSE IN DIABROTICA 12-PUNCTATA

AND Limax MAXIMUS. By Robert E.C. Stearns. (Proc. Biol. Soc.

Washington xxi, pp. 137-140). Limazx is guided to its food by

smell. Salt liberally strewed on the floor is recommended as a

check to their depredations.

ON THE SYNONYMIC HISTORY OF THE GENERA CLAVA MARTYN

AND CerRITHIUM BruGuiere. By W. H. Dall. (Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phila. 1907, pp. 363-369). The history of these old names

is fully exposed and various errors in matters of fact in M. Coss-

mann’s review of the Cerithiacea are pointed out.

NEW AND CHARACTERISTIC SPECIES OF FOSSIL MOLLUSKS FROM

THE OIL-BEARING TERTIARY FORMATIONS OF SANTA BARBARA

Co., Cau. By Ralph Arnold. (Smith’s Misc. Coll. vol. 50, pt. 4.

1907). Numerous interesting fossils from Eocene, Miocene and

Pliocene horizons are described and well illustrated. Among them

are Venericardia planicosta Lam., from Little Falls, Washington,

‘““the most widespread and characteristic eocene species in the

world,” Lymnza alumosensis n. sp., from the pliocene of Los

Alamos Valley.

THE NAUTILUS.

Vou. XXII. AUGUST-SEPTEMBBER, 1908. No. 4-5.

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES ON CALIFORNIAN MOLLUSKS.

BY S. S. BERRY.

A specimen of Cyprza spadicea Gray has recently been brought

to the writer’s notice by Mrs. C. H. Fackenthall, of Pacific Grove,

who some years ago found it alive on Chinatown Point, Monterey

Bay. This extends the known range of the species many score of

miles beyond the most northern locality which has previously been

recorded.

Mrs. Fackenthall also collected in March, 1907, over sixty speci-

mens of Janthina exigua Lam. where they had been washed ashore

near Point Pinos. This is a new locality for this species likewise.

Another Janthina, which is apparently the J. globosa of Swainson,

and is new to the Californian fauna, was found in considerable num-

bers at Oceanside, San Diego county, by Mrs. T. E. N. Eaton and

Miss Grace Eaton in the summer of 1906. This species was found

in company with J. exigua and another undetermined form of the same

genus (J. communis?) cast up on the sandy beach, and for the most

part still retained the animals.

* * * * * * *

In July, 1903, the writer made a small collection of fossils from

the pleistocene deposit which forms the cliff just west of the bath-

house at Santa Barbara, among which many of the species are of

interest because not included by Arnold in his lists’ of the mollusks

of the Santa Barbara pleistocene. Such species are marked with

an asterisk. One or two forms are likewise entirely new to the

formation.

1 Paleontology and Stratigraphy of San Pedro, p. 52 q. v.

38 THE NAUTILUS.

Margarita pupilla Gld. Several.

* Margarita optabilis knechti, Arnold. One specimen.

* Calliostoma canaliculatum Mart. Several juv.

Leptothyra bacula Cpr. Not rare.

* Leptothyra carpenteri Pils. Not rare.

Leptothyra paucicostata Dall. Not rare.

* Acmaea mitra Esch. Two juv.

* Acmaea (sp.). One juv.

Natica clausa B. and S. Young specimen and opercula.

Crepidula navicelloides Nutt. One specimen.

Crepidula adunca Sby. Two examples.

Rissoa acutilirata Cpr. Two specimens.

*Rissoa (sp?). One example.

*Diala marmorea Cpr. Several.

Lacuna compacta Cpr. The most abundant form.

Bittium asperum Gabb. Common.

Bittium (quadrifilatum Cpr.?). Common.

Bittium (sp.). Common.

*Epitonium (Opalia) borealis Gld. One specimen.

Ocinebra perita Hds. Several.

*Ocinebra interfossa Cpr. One specimen.

*Ocinebra lurida Midd. var. tending toward Carpenter’s var. :

munda. Several. .

*QOcinebra (sp.). One specimen.

Boreotrophon gracilis Perry. One example.

*Boreotrophon stuarti Smith. One example.

*Boreotrophon stuarti praecursor Arnold. Several.

Amphissa corrugata Rve. Common.

Columbella tuberosa Cpr. Common.

*Nassa mendica cooperi Fbs. One example.

Fusus robustus Trask? One example.

Fusus (sp.). Several.

*Mitramorpha filosa intermedia Arnold.

(Note: This form was likewise found in a living condition by the

writer at Pacific Grove, Cal., in April, 1908. ]

Clathurella conradiana Gabb. Two specimens.

*Tornatina cerealis Gld. Two examples.

*Dentalium indianorum Cpr. One perfect adult specimen.

*Psephidea (ovalis Dall?). One valve.

THE NAUTILUS. 39

Venericardia ventricosa Gld. Abundant.

Pecten jordani Arnold. Fragments and two juv.

Pecten caurinus Gld. Fragments.

Pecten (sp.). Fragments.

Pecten hastatus Sby. Several valves.

*Monia macroschisma Desh. One valve.

*Glycymeris barbarensis Conr. One valve.

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Stimp. Fragments of the test and

loose spines of this sea-urchin.

*Platidea anomioides Scacch. One perfect shell probably refer-

able to this species was found which agrees well with specimens

from San Pedro Bay (200 fathoms), except that the foramen is

relatively smaller and the posterior and anterior angles are more

acute.

* * * - * * *

~ In the Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, Vol. XXX,

Messrs. Dall and Bartsch propose the specific name montereyensis for

the preoccupied Zurbonilla gracillima of Gabb. The authors must

have overlooked the fact that Dr. Cooper in his Monterey list pub-

lished in the American Journal of Conchology for 1870 likewise

noticed the untenability of Gabb’s name and rechristened the species

Chemnitzia gabbiana, so that this name having priority must stand

as Turbonilla (Chemnitzia?) gabbiana (J. G. C.).

*

* * * * * *

Nassa perpinguis, var. bifasciata, nov. Among the mollusca col-

lected recently at San Pedro by various collectors has been a color

form of Nassa perpinguis Hds., which is strikingly distinct and is

certainly worthy of a varietal name if color forms must be named.

It differs from the ordinary form in the presence of two broad spiral

bands of a deep chestnut color in abrupt contrast to the grayish-buff

ground color of the shell. One of these bands is situated just below

the suture, one about the periphery, and occasionally a fainter band

makes it appearance at the extreme base of the last whorl. The

bands vary considerably in width, but as yet I have seen no speci-

mens having but a single band.

Additional Notes on Monterey Mollusks.

In my paper on the Molluscan Fauna of Monterey Bay, California,

which appeared in the numbers of this magazine running from June

to September, 1907, there were a few unavoidable errors and omis-

40 THE NAUTILUS.

sions which may well be remedied. The following corrections should

be made:

June No., p. 18, near top. 304 species were listed; not 394.

P. 18, near bottom of page. ‘ Terebratulina” transversa is a

misprint for ‘* Zerebratalia.”’

P. 19. The identification of Barbatia gradata is a very doubtful

one and the species should probably be removed from the list.

July No., p. 35. “ Cregires”’ albopunctatus should be Aegires.

Aug. No., p. 48. Odostomia (Ividea) navisa should be changed

to O. (Lvidia) navisa delmontensis, Dall & Bartsch. New subsp.

P. 43. “ Triforts adversus”’ is not this species but an undeter-

mined form.

P. 43. “Seila assimilata C. B. Adams” was identified according

to the common misconception of that tropical species. My speci-

mens should be listed as ‘Sela montereyensis Bartsch,” n. sp. One

of the co-types came from this lot.

P. 44. “Rissoina” purpurea is a Rissoa.

Sept. No., p. 52, near end of article. Should read as follows:

““. . . of Scala (nine species), and of the Pyramidellidae (ecghteen

species),”’ etc. This last figure includes the additional forms enum-

erated below.

The following species and varieties have been determined from the

same lot of material since the publication of the main report:

Adula stylina Carpenter. 12 fathoms; not rare with the other

borers in the hard mud.

Cadulus quadrifissatus Carpenter. 12 fms.; one specimen.

Actaeon punctocaelatus Carpenter. 12 fms.; young specimens

only.

Epiphragmophora sequoicola J. G. Cooper. Big Trees Station,

near Santa Cruz; one immature specimen.

Epiphragmophora arrosa Gould. Big Trees Station, near Santa

Cruz; several examples.

Epiphragmophora exarata Pfeiffer. Near Santa Cruz. Speci-

mens were also seen from various localities in the Santa Cruz moun-

tains and from Watsonville.

Epiphragmophora californiensis nickliniana Lea. Big Trees Sta-

tion, near Santa Cruz.

Polygyra columbiana Lea. Big Trees Station, near Santa Cruz.

Polygyra columbiana armigera Ancey. One specimen found a

few miles south of Pacific Grove in the pine woods.

THE NAUTILUS. 41

Murex ( Ocinebra) interfossus var. muricatus Cpr. Pacific Grove;

not rare at low tide.

Turbonilla ( Turbonilla) gilli delmontensis Dall and Bartsch. 12

fathoms; the type lot.

Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) stylina Carpenter. 12 fathoms; one

specimen.

Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros) berryi Dall and Bartsch. Two or

three specimens, including the type, dredged in 39 fathoms.

Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) canfieldi Dall and Bartsch. 12 fms.; the

type lot.

Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) morchi Dall and Bartsch.? One specimen

dredged in 29 fathoms was doubtfully referred by Messrs. Dall and

Bartsch to this species.

Cancellaria crawfordiana Dall. Specimens brought in by the

fishermen.

The foregoing bring the total collection, after due corrections, up

to about 318 named species and varieties, including types or co-types

of fourteen new species and two subspecies, besides nine other species

not previously described, but the types of which were collected

elsewhere.

LAND SHELLS OF THE OKI ISLANDS, JAPAN.

BY H. A. PILSBRY AND Y. HIRASE.

The Oki Islands, in the Sea of Japan north of western Hondo,

consist of one large and three smaller islands and several islets, the

the whole group about 23 miles long. Saigdisthe chief harbor. It

is on the southeast side of the largest island, which has a diameter

of about 10 miles. The highest elevation is said to be about

1700 feet.

The mollusks of Oki have not before been noticed.

Out of 24 species of land shells there are 9 forms which have as

yet been found only on the Oki Islands, Two of these forms are

reckoned to be of specific value; the other seven are subspecies of

forms found on the adjacent portions of the Main Island of Japan,

or in one case on T’sushima, though the two Ganesellas are so dis-

tinct that they might with some reason be ranked as species. All of

the other forms occur on the Main Island of Japan.

The very close relation of the fauna of the Oki Islands with that

42, THE NAUTILUS.

of the adjacent Main Island places these islands in harmony with

Sado, Tsushima, Iki, and other islands in the Sea of Japan and

Korea Strait, all of which have faunas which show them to have

been joined at no remote period to the large islands of Japan.

In the following list, the forms peculiar to Oki are marked with

an asterisk (*).

CYCLOPHORID.

Alycxus melanopoma Pils. (?). Nakamura.

Diplommatina cassa Pils. var. Saigo.

* D. oktensis Pils. & Hir. Nakamura. A subspecies of this

snail, D. 0. tsushimana, occurs on Tsushima.

. HELICID2.

Hulota (Huhadra) peliomphala (Pfr.) var. Nakamura.

Eulota (Huhadra) senckenbergiana (Kob.) var. Nakamura.

Eulota (Euhadra) callizona minor Gude. Nakamura.

Eulota (Plectotropis) emula Gude. Nakamura.

* Trishoplita cretacea pergranosa Pils. & Hir. Nishinoshima.

Trishoplita endo Pils. & Hir. Nakanoshima.

* Ganesella ferruginea okiensis P. & H. Nakamura.

* Ganesella myomphala euomphala P. & H. Nakamura and

Chiburijima. — |

Chloritis tosanus okiensis P. & H. Nakamura.

CLAUSILIIDE.

Clausilia (Hemiphzdusa) harimensis Pils. Nakamura.

Clausilia japonica vespertina Pils. Nishinoshima.

Clausilia japonica ultima Pils. Nakamura.

Clausilia nishinoshimana Pils, Nishinoshima.

ZONITIDE.

Macrochlamys subelimatus P. & H. Nakamura and Daimanji-

yama.

Microcystina vaga P. & H. Nakamura.

Microcystina ceratodes (Gude). Nakamura.

Kaltella ruida Pils. var. Nakamura.

Kaliella fraterna Pils. Nakamura.

* Kaliella okiensis Pils & Hir. Nakamura.

ENID, |

Ena reiniana (Kob.) var., shaped like ugoensis. Nishinoshima.

AURICULIDA,

Carychium nipponense Pils. Saigo.

The descriptions of new species and subspecies follow:

THE NAUTILUS. 43

Diplommatina okiensis n. sp.

The lower half of the shell, comprising two whorls, is cylindric,

the upper half tapering in a rather long cone with straight sides.

Adult shells are generally red-brown, rarely whitish, but the young

are nearly white. There are nearly 7 moderately convex whorls,

the penultimate, seen from the back, being the largest. The last

whorl ascends in front, and has a strong, rather sharp ridge or col-

lar a short distance behind the peristome, and preceded by a rather

wide opaque whitish streak. The constriction is slight and median

in front. The whole shell, after the smooth apex, has a sculpture

of very fine, delicate, oblique, moderately close thread-strie. The

aperture is nearly circular, the parietal callus having a slightly

thickened edge, reaching up nearly to the suture. Peristome well

reflexed, usually very slightly angular at the foot of the columella:

Palatal plica very short, half covered by the parietal callus. Colu-

mellar tooth moderately strong, deeply placed, thin but rather high

within. Internal parietal lamella strongly developed.

Length 4, diam. 2 mm.

Nakamura, Oki. Types no. 95663 A. N.S. P., from no. 296 ¢

of Mr. Hirase’s collection.

This species differs from D. paxillus (Gredler) by its strongly

developed collar. It is closely related to the common Japanese D.

collarifera Schm. & Bttg., but that species has a much longer palatal

plica, a decidedly thicker and stronger columellar lamella inside,

and only a weak internal parietal lamella.

Trishoplita cretacea pergranosa un. subsp.

The shell is depressed-conic with obtusely subangular periphery,

thin, whitish corneous, with a broad brown band on the base, ex-

tending from just below the periphery nearly to the umbilicus, and

a narrow brown band above the periphery, ascending the spire above

the suture. The surface has a minute sculpture of fine, somewhat

waved or irregular strie, which are minutely and very elegantly

granulose ; no distinct spiral lines.

Alt. 8.3, diam. 13.3 mm.; whorls 54.

Nishinoshima, Oki. Types no. 95840 A. N.S. P., from no.

1575 of Mr. Hirase’s collection.

This snail, of which only 7 examples were taken, is most nearly

related to 7. c. bipartita of Nagato province, which is less depressed,

44 THE NAUTILUS.

less angular, and has no band above the periphery. The minute

and very beautiful granulation is somewhat variable.

Ganesella myomphala euomphala n. subsp.

The shell is more depressed than myomphala, with the umbilicus

open, though partially arched over by the dilated columellar lip,

which, however, is not in the least impressed in the axial region.

The form is much less depressed than G. m. omphalodes.

Alt. 24, diam. 36 mm.; whorls 64.

Alt. 23.5, diam. 35 mm.; whorls 64.

Alt. 22.5, diam. 31 mm.; whorls 64.

Nakamura, Oki. Cotypes No, 95835, A. N.S. P., from No. 1560

of Mr. Hirase’s collection.

A smaller form of this subspecies was taken in small numbers (10

individuals) on Chiburijima, Oki. Two measure:

Alt. 18.2, diam. 24.5 mm.; whorls 6.

Alt. 17, diam. 23 mm.; whorls 6.

Ganesella ferruginea okiensis n, subsp.

The shell is much elevated, bullet-shaped, the outlines of the spire

strongly convex; narrowly, obliquely umbilicate; rich chestnut-brown,

encircled with a narrow yellow band at the periphery and ascending

the spire above the suture; surface nearly lusterless, rather weakly

marked with growth-wrinkles and minute spiral lines, some inter-

mediate whorls of the spire punctate or subpapillose. Whorls con-

vex, the last rounded periferally, convex beneath. Aperture very

oblique, the upper and columellar margins subparallel; baso-columellar

margin straightened, thickened within, the edge reflexed.

Alt. 19.5, diam. 17 mm.; whorls 64.

Alt. 17, diam. 16.2 mm.; whorls 63.

Alt. 17, diam. 15.5 mm.; whorls 64.

Nakamura, Oki. Types No, 95820, A. N.S. P., from No. 1564

of Mr. Hirase’s collection.

This form is well distinguished by its high contour. It may prove

to be specifically distinct, but for the present we prefer to attach it

to the widely distributed G. ferruginea of the main island.

Chloritis tosanus okiensis, n. subsp.

Umbilicus wider than in C. tosanus, contained six times in the

diameter of the shell. Hairs of the surface not so close.

Alt. 8.8, diam. 16.8, width of umbilicus 2.8 mm.

THE NAUTILUS. 45

Nakamura, Oki. Types No. 95821, A. N.S. P., from No. 1567

of Mr. Hirase’s collection.

Kaliella okiensis, n. sp.

The shell is perforate, conic, amber-colored, glossy, the spire conic

with slightly convex outlines, perifery thread-carinate, the base

convex. The surface is smoothish, above, with faint growth-lines,

and minute radial striz just below the suture on the intermediate

whorls ; the base having faint spirals, not close together. Whorls 6,

convex, slowly increasing, the last having a narrow, thread-like

periferal keel. Aperture semilunar, rather narrow, the peristome

rather broadly dilated near the axial insertion.

Alt. 2.7, diam. 3.6, mm.

Nakamura, Oki. Types No. 95849 A. N.S. P., from No. 1568

of Mr. Hirase’s collection. Also No. 1569.

This species stands near K. sororcula, but it differs in having the

whorls crenulated below the suture on the spire.

A NEW AMERICAN PLANOBBIS.

BY FRANK COLLINS BAKER.

PLANORBIS BICARINATUS PORTAGENSIS N. var.

Shell with the dorsal and ventral sides sharply carinated, the spire

and umbilicus typically forming deep, cone-like depressions; sculp-

ture of strong growth-lines and distinct spiral lines, as in bicarinatus

striatus ; aperture strongly auriculate, the upper and lower extremi-

ties forming a strikingly developed V-shape.

Height 8.00, breadth 14.00; aperture height 10.00, breadth 5.50

mm.

Height 8.00, breadth 13.00 ; aperture height 9.00, breadth 5.00 mm.

Habitat: Portage Lake, on Fish River, Aroostook County, Maine.

(Collected by O. O. Nylander; types in collection of Chicago

Academy of Sciences.)

This peculiar variety may be known by the strong keels on the

shoulder and base and by the V-shaped upper and lower margins of

the aperture, which produce a notably auriculate aspect. It was at

first thought to be a form of Walker’s variety major, but a compari-

son with specimens of the latter received from the author shows that

the two are distinct varieties.

46 THE NAUTILUS.

LAND SHELLS OF TANGULANDANG (TAGOLANDA.)

BY H. A. PILSBRY.

Tagolanda or Tangulandang is a small island between Celebes and

Mindanao, about fifty miles from the N. E. extremity of the former,

and between that and Sangi (Sangir). So far as I know, nothing

has been known of its mollusks. A collector for Mr. Walter F.

Webb, of Rochester, N. Y., took a number of land shells there,

which show that the fauna has relations with both Celebes and Sangi.

The list follows.

Cyclotus politus Sowerby.

Found also in Celebes, Flores, Timor and some other islands of

the same region, but not north of Tagolanda.

Leptopoma tagolandense n. sp. Pl. IV, figs. 1, 2.

A species of the group of Z. manadense. The shell is narrowly

umbilicate, acutely carinate, slightly wider than high; typically

corneous-whitish densely speckled with brown and encircled with a

dark chestnut band below the periphery, but sometimes wanting this

band. The brown spots are larger and rather regularly spaced just

above the periphery and below the suture; the first three whorls are

uniform yellowish-corneous or brown. Whorls 54, all rather strongly

convex, the last having an acute, projecting periferal keel, below

which it is moderately convex. ‘The first half-whorl is smooth; then

5 to 7 fine spiral threads begin. On the fourth whorl interstitial

spiral striz appear, continuing to the end, the primary spirals re-

taining their prominence as subequally spaced cords among the fine

spiral striz of the later whorls. ‘The base is finely striate the strie

slightly unequal. Aperture oblique, sub-circular; lip white, not

continuous, the upper margin expanded, basal margin reflexed;

columellar circular dilated. Alt. 14, diam. 15 mm.; width of aper-

ture 8 mm.

This species differs from L. menadense in sculpture. It stands

near L. vexillum, well figured by the Sarasins, but the last whorl is

more convex above than below the keel (whereas vexzllum is more

convex below), and there are fewer major spiral cords, 5 to 7 on the

upper surface of the last whorl, while vexillum has 10.

There is alsoa form without brown markings, the shell bluish-

white, yellowish-white at the spire. This may be called var. immac-

ulata. Some individuals have a dark chestnut band below the keel.

THE NAUTILUS. 47

Obba marginata (Miill.).

Elsewhere found widely distributed in the Philippines. The var.

sororcula Marts. in Celebes.

Helicostyla leucophthalma tagolandensis n. subsp. FP. IV, figs. 5, 6, 7.

Shell smaller than lewcophthalma, slightly more solid, the lip more

broadly expanded ; bluish-white with many light green revolving

bands and lines on the last half or more of the last whorl. Whorls

only 34.

Alt. 21, diam. 32 to 35.5 mm.

H. leucophthalma Pfr. was thought at first to be from Celebes, but

the locality Great Sangi Island was pointed out by Ancey several

years ago, and the Sarasins collected it there, and have figured the

snail laying its eggs in a folded leaf, in their great work on Celebes

(p. 204, plate 27). Pfeiffer described and figured leuwcophthalma as

covered with a thin tawny cuticle, irregularly streaked, and having

two narrow brown bands above, two wider ones on the base; and it

measured, alt. 21-22, diam. 42 mm., whorls nearly 4. His descrip-

tion and figures are reproduced in Manual of Conchology, Vol. VII,

p- 113, pl. 26, f. 16, 17.

The specimens I have seen from Great Sangi agree better with

those described by Sarasins. The spire is transparent-white, as

usual; the last whorl is covered with a chestnut or wood-brown or

olive-brown cuticle, which is darkest behind the lip, and fades out

to almost white at the beginning of the whorl. This cuticle is

obscurely streaked with darker, and shows traces of darker spiral

bands and lines. Around the axis there isa paler area. In another

shell, a ground similar to that just described is cut into bands above

the periphery by white spiral zones, and there is a large white axial

area. These shells are figured, plate IV, figs. 3, 4. They measure

39 to 41 mm. in diameter. H. leucophthalma evidently belongs to

the subgenus Corasia, not to Crystallopsis.

It is possible that Pfeiffer’s types were from another island of the

same group, or they may have been merely from another colony on

Great Sangi. Such local color-races often exist in close proximity.

Xesta cincta (Lea).

Also found in Celebes, in several varieties.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

How Furieur anv Sycotypus Eat Oysters, MUSSELS AND

Crams. By Harold Sellers Colton (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.,

1908). The behavior of specimens kept captive in a salt-water

aquarium in the vivarium of the University of Pennsylvania has

been studied by Mr. Colton. His observations contradict the preva-

lent impressions as to the feeding of conchs, and should lead to

further work on the subject. We quote part of Mr. Colton’s ob-

servations on Mulgur (Sycotypus) canaliculatum: “The Sycotypus

48 THE NAUTILUS.

had not been fed fora month or so... . It attacked one of the

oysters five minutes after I placed them with it. . . . The Sycotypus

crawled on top of the oyster, which closed its valves. The conch

waited two minutes when the oyster opened its valves. Rotating

its shell on the axis of the columella through an angle of 70°, it

thrust its own shell between the valves of the oyster and introduced

its proboscis between the shells. Forty minutes later it left the

empty shell.

‘«¢ Sycotypus does not wedge the shells of Mya apart, because it

can get at the soft parts without doing so, since the valves gap

slightly. To test this I introduced an oyster that had had three-

quarters of an inch broken from the margins of both valves on the

end away from the hinge so that the valves appeared to gap. I

found that Sycotopus attacked this one in the same manner as it

attacked Mya and did not wedge the shells apart.

‘* Fulgur eating Venus is a much more complicated case. The

conch (Fulgur perversa or Ff. carica) grasps the Venus in the hollow

of its foot, bringing the margin of the Venus shell against its own

shell margin. By contracting the columellar muscle it forces the

margins of the shells together, which results in a small fragment

being chipped from the shell of Venus. This is repeated many times

and, finally, the crack between the valves is enlarged to a width of

38mm. or more. The proboscis is normally about 5 mm. to 8 mm.

in diameter. There are three ways in which it may get at the

animal. First, it may flatten out its proboscis so that it will go

through the crack; secondly, it may pour in a secretion between the

valves which kills the clam, and, thirdly, it may wedge its shell

between the valves of the Venus. By contracting its columellar

muscle it may actually wedge the valves apart. Venus never opens

its valves of itself when it is in the grasp of a Mulgur, while Ostrea,

after the first shock, opens wide its valves as if no danger was near.

‘‘ Fulgur and Sycotypus often break their own shell when opening

oysters and clams, and this accounts no doubt for the irregular

growth-lines seen on their shells.

‘‘This method of inserting the margin of a gasteropod between the

valves of a Lamellibranch has been noticed before. Francois (1890)

briefly reports that Murex fortispina has a special tooth on the mar-

gin of its aperture for the purpose of inserting between the valves of

Arca. It may be that this manner of attacking the soft parts of

bivalves is a very common habit of Prosobranch mollusks.”

The several stages in the processes described are fully illustrated.

NOTE.

The scarcity of ‘‘copy” during the summer months has caused

us to issue a single number for August and September. The usual

number of pages for the year will be made up by enlarging a future

number. Plate IV. will appear next month.

THE NAUTILUS, XXII. PLATE IV.

LAND SHELLS OF TANGULANDANG AND SANGI.

WHE NAUTILUS.

VoL. XXIT. OCTOBER, 1908. No. 6.

SOME NOTES ON THE LOCOMOTIVE DISK OF STYLOMMATOPHORA.

BY V. STERKI.

During 1907 I made some studies and observations on the mor-

phology of some of our land snails, and especially on the foot. The

results were very incomplete and fragmentary; but the notes re-

specting the sole and ‘* locomotive disk” appear to be of some inter-

est, and a summary of them is here given.

Of about thirty-seven species, 1 had occasion to observe living

animals, and of some of them preserved specimens could be com-

pared. The results obtained are somewhat at variance with those

published by other conchologists, which appear to have been ob-

tained mainly from preserved material.

It may be mentioned that a piece of thin glass is conveniently

used to let the snails creep on. In this way, the sole can not only

be seen with the naked eye, but lenses and even strong doublets can

be used, and the foot seen in both reflected and transmitted light.

If kept on a slide, upside down, minute snails can be examined and

observed under a low-power microscope. It is recommended to

fasten a few small slips or narrow strips of glass on the glass plate,

best a pair of them close together, in order to observe the shape and

motions of the sole when detached from the even surface, while a

snail creeps over these obstacles.

The majority of the snails showed locomotive waves on the under

surface of the foot while creeping. On about one-third, none could

be seen. The waves proceed from the posterior end, or from near

50 THE NAUTILUS.

the same, following each other towards the anterior, but in some

instances do not reach the latter. The number of simultaneous

waves is various in the several species, genera and groups, but rather

constant in one species; they also vary in extent, and may be faster

or slower, regular or irregular, very distinct to more or less obscure.

In most species, they are confined to a median zone of the sole, nar-

rower or wider, corresponding with the so-called locomotive disk.

In some species, resp. groups, that disk is marked off from the

marginal zones by a more or less marked line, more or less distinct

in alcoholic specimens. But in some the zones are not noticeable on

the dead body, while in the living, creeping animal, the waves are

very distinct and sharply restricted to the median zone, This was

especially noticed in Polygyra (Stenotrema, Triodopsis + Mesodon),

and in Helix hortensis, for which the existence of a disk has been

denied ; also in some of the Zonitide, Agriolimax, Vertigo, Succinea.

But there are noticeable differences, as will be stated later on.

In a few snails, of various groups, the waves extend over the

whole width of the sole, e. g., in Circinaria coneava Say, Vallonia

sp., Bifidaria armifera Say. There are no marginal zones in these,

so far as I was able to see, and it is probable that the muscles of the

sole are different, comparatively wider than the others.

In a number of others, no waves could be seen, and no differenti-

ated longitudinal zones. Such were: part of the Zonitide, such as

Gastrodonta ligera, Zonitoides nitidus, arboreus, minusculus, all

Patula, Helicodiscus, Philomycus. Moreover, it appears that at

least in the Zonitide cited, the sole is of a formation different from

that of, e. g.,the Polygyr@; it seems that an additional layer of

tissue is superposed on the under surface of the foot. The surface

has a different appearance, the sole seems thicker, and the double

lateral lines, above the margins of the foot appear to point to the

same conclusion. Unfortunately, I had no time to make exact ana-

tomical and histological examination of these parts, but some

anatomist may take the subject up.

It is interesting and significant that such differences are found

among our Zonitide. It has been pointed out, long ago, by some

scientists, that the family includes some widely different forms or

types, with all similarity of the shells, and even the radula, ete.

And it will be noted that, e. g., Gastrodonta and Zonitotdes, which

were denoted as showing no locomotive waves, no longitudinal zones,

THE NAUTILUS. 51

and a peculiar formation of the sole, are among those Zonitide which

are provided with a dart sack and dart, while Omphalina and

Hyalina (= Vitrea) are devoid of such. It is possible that the

formation of the foot may add features of distinction between various

natural groups of this complex family, and in close connection with

it may be the presence or absence of a caudal mucus gland (and

mucus pore).

Systematic Review.

ZONITIDZ.

Omphalina fuliginosa Griff. Locomotive waves in a median zone

which is marked off by slight superficial lines, which are slight fur-

rows when the sole is detached from a surface. The waves are not

as distinct as, e. g., Polygyra, and apparently more remote from the

surface of the sole.

Hyalina (Vitrea) indentata Say and radiatula Ald. Waves in a

median zone, in the anterior = or 3, indistinct, and mostly not seen

at all near the posterior end. ‘The surface layer undulating forward

and backward over [under] each advancing wave.

Gastrodonta ligera Say. No waves seen. Foot and sole as de-

scribed above, for this and the four following species. A darkish

median line is ill-defined and has nothing to do with a locomotive disk.

Zonitoides nitidus Miill., arboreus Say, minusculus Binn., Huconu-

lus chersinus Say. No waves; no zones seen.

LIMACID&.,

Agriolimax campestris Binn. Waves in narrow median zone,

following each other in rapid succession, about ten simultaneously,

while the surface layer of the sole shows forward and backward un-

dulation with each wave. When the animal proceeds slowly (for a

snail!), the waves are more or less irregular, even undulating, and

sometimes no waves can be seen when the animal moves very slowly.

This has been noticed also on some other snails.

CIRCINARIIDA.

Circinaria concava Say. The waves extend over the whole width

of the sole; the same was seen on a very small, young specimen ;

no zones seen.

yy THE NAUTILUS.

HELICIDA.

Polygyra hirsuta, fraterna, tridentata, fraudulenta, inflecta, palliata,

mitchelliana, thyroides, albolabris and var. minor, profunda: waves

very distinct, in a rather sharply defined median zone, regularly

proceeding from the posterior end to the anterior, about 7 or 8

simultaneously in hirsuta and fraterna, 10 to 12 in the large species.

Marginal zones with fine radiating lines.

It may be noted here, in a general way, that the number of waves

is easily over-estimated, and it is somewhat difficult to count them,

if more than two to four.

Helix (Tachea) hortensis Mull. Zones plainly visible! the mar-

ginal areas rather narrow; waves, in the median, distinct.

Vallonia pulchella, excentrica, costata: no zones seen; waves

extending over the whole width of the sole, rather fast, about four

simultaneously. The waves can be seen in lateral view, in trans-

mitted light. .

Notre.—There is a possibility, however, that in these and other

minute snails, narrow marginal zones exist and have been over-

looked, to which the waves are transmitted.

' ENDODONTIDA.

Patula solitaria, alternata, perspectiva, striatella, Helicodiscus

lineatus Say: no zones seen, and no waves. It seems that the for-

mation and texture of the sole are rather different from those of

Polygyra, and more like those of Gastrodonta and Zonitordes.

PHILOMYCIDA.

Philomycus carolinensis Bosc., and another species which is prob-

ably distinct: no zones, and no waves seen.

PUPIDA.

Bifidaria armifera Say. No zones seen; waves extending over

the whole width of the sole, about four simultaneously, rather irreg-

ular, and often disappearing before reaching the anterior end, and

apparently commencing anywhere, also stopping and quasi rebound-

ing anywhere; in short, more irregular than in any other species.

This seems to be concordant with the jerky motion of the animal.

Vertigo ovata Say. Sole with three zones, the median one widen-

THE NAUTILUS. 53

ing towards the anterior end so that the marginals disappear.

Waves distinct, in the median zone, two to three simultaneously.

Vertigo tridentata Wolf. Waves seen; other details in doubt.

SUCCINEID&,

Succinea avara Say. Sole with three zones; waves in the

median, 3—4, rapidly moving forward, each one drawing along parts

of the marginals. The surface layer moves forward and backward,

undulating, with every wave passing. When part of the foot is

detached from its support, the waves can be seen there proceeding

on the more or less contracted and folded sole.

S. retusa Lea. Three zones, median one with 4—5 waves.

PALUDESTRINA SALSA, PILSBRY.

BY REV. HENRY W. WINKLEY.

It seems odd that a species so widely distributed, and fairly

abundant, should have escaped the eyes of New England collectors

so long. Yet its dwelling-place is peculiar. A word as to where it

occurs may be of interest. It was first noticed by the writer at a

spot where a brook enters the marsh at Branford, Conn. The site

is probably three miles inland from Long Island Sound, and the

water at this spot must be fresh. Later I found it more abundant

on vegetable matter in a ditch in the marsh near the railroad in

Branford and a mile nearer the sound. The waters here would be

brackish. I have not seen the locality where Mr. Owen Bryant

found it at Cohasset. Last summer I located it in a pot hole in the

marsh at Wareham, Mass. This locality showed it in a pot hole

without an outlet. I have not seen it in such a place elsewhere.

The locality mentioned in my last article in the Naurivus (vol.

XXI, p. 75) where my daughter found it at East Wareham, was

among flags near the border of the Agawam river. The character

of the water may be understood from the fact that I was in mid-

stream examining Unio complanatus when she found P. salsa in the

same river. Last winter I took up a residence in Danvers, Mass.,

and have found P. salsa here. ‘Two localities reveal it; both are

spots where the water ebbs and flows, and not closed pot holes.

54 THE NAUTILUS.

Danvers lies back of Salem and Beverly at the headwaters of a

branching bay. A few days ago I made a trip to Plum Island.

Leaving the train at Rowley, I found P. salsa in a small ditch close

to the railroad station. A half-mile further down Litorinella minuta

was abundant in closed pot holes, but P. salsa not there. I do not

recall finding the two in company, yet they are often near neighbors.

We now have a distribution of this species from the New Haven area

in Conn., to Rowley, Mass., just north of Cape Ann, and very near

the New Hampshire line.

A NEW CCUM.

BY REV. HENRY W. WINKLEY.

Caecum Johnsont n. sp.

Shell minute, tusk-shaped, slightly tapering, lightly curved. 24

mm. in length, 4 to ? of a millimeter in diameter. Apex plug pro-

trudes in a dome shape. Aperture circular, end of the tube at the

apex is at right angles to the longer axis of the cylinder. Aperture

end at an angle, sloping towards the convex side, color dull white to

horn color, surface marked by lines of growth, but not ribbed.

Dredged at Woods Hole, Mass., on gravel bottom in 2 to 3

fathoms. Easily mistaken for C. pulchellum. In size, color and form

it resembles that species but lacks the ribs, and the dome-shaped plug

in the apex is not seen in pulchellum. Types in Winkley collection.

It gives me much pleasure to name this shell for one who has

shown himself a lover of the science, and a friend to his fellow-

workers, Mr. ©. W. Johnson, of the Boston Society of Natural

History.

A SMALL ADDITION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE DANISH

MOLLUSCAN FAUNA.

BY HANS SCHLESCH, COPENHAGEN.

About 15 miles north of Copenhagen on the beautiful coast of the

Sound stands the pretty village of Rungsted, where many well-to-do

people from Copenhagen have their summer villas. Between

Rungsted and Horsholm (German Hirschholm) and a mile to the

THE NAUTILUS. 55

west, where King Christian VI erected a castle, we find a woods

called “ Polehaven.” It was formerly used as a park for the now

demolished castle. In the edge of the woods opposite the railway

station of Rungsted and in the meadow between the woods and

Rungsted I found the species of mollusks mentioned below. My

friend Mr. Niels Petersen has assisted me in collecting these.

Limax maximus Linné, is very rare. I have also found some

other species of Zimazx, but up to now I have not been able to

determine them.

Vitrina pellucida Miller, is very common.

Arion empiricorum Ferussac is found over the whole place.

Besides Polita cellaria Miiller, some other species of Hyalina as

Conulus fulvus Muller are found at both localities.

Punctum pygmaeum Drapar- Tacheah. v. fascis-transparentr

naud. bus (= v. albina).

Patula rotundata Miller. Helicogena pomatia Linné.

Vallonia pulchella Miller. Clausiliastra laminata Montagu.

Vallonia costata Miller. Clausiliastra l.v. granulata Zieg-

Trichia hispida Linné. ler. .

Monacha incarnata Muller. Pirostoma bidentata Strom.

Eulota fruticum Miller. Pirostoma b. v. septentrionalis A.

Eulota f.v. fasciata Moq. Tand. Schmidt.

Eulotaf.v.alba-unifasciata Hesp. Pirostoma plicatula Draparnaud.

Eulota f. v. abina. Pirostoma pumila Ziegler.

Arianta arbustorum Linné. Napaeus obscurus Miller.

Arianta a.v.trochoidalis Roffiaen. Vertigo antivertigo Muller.

Ariantaa.v.roseolabiataSchlesch Vertigo pusilla Miller.

nov. var.’ Vertigo angustior Jeffreys.

Arianta a. f. sealaris. One spe- Cochlicopa lubrica Miller.

cimen only. Succinea putris Linné.

Tachea nemoralis Linné.? Suceinea p. v. albina.

Tachea n. f. major. Succinea pfeifferi Rossmissler.

Tachea hortensis Miller. Suceinea p. v. albina.

Tachea h. v. roseolabiata. Carychium minimum Miller.

1The mouth brim is rose-colored as Zachea hortensis Miller var. roseolabiata

Rare.

Mr. Niels Petersen has given me some specimens found at Rungsted, the

ribs of which are so marked that they look as if they belonged to Tachea

austriaca Mihlfeldt.

56 THE NAUTILUS.

MESESCHIZA GROSVENORII, LEA.

BY A. A. HINKLEY.

A few remarks on this subject in addition to the writer’s notes in

the Naurtiius for May,.1901, may not be amiss, The Wabash

river was visited in August of the present year, at several places in

Posy county, Indiana. The writer was determined to find the form

described by Dr. Lea under the above name if it still existed.

On the ‘‘ Chains’? where a stream of water passed with consider-

able current, the young Angitrema armigera were in large numbers

on the under side of the rocks, Here the Meseschiza form was

found quite plentiful, and some three hundred specimens were taken.

It is a characteristic lot of young Angitrema armigera, with the ex-

ception of the notch in the lip, showing all the variations of color

markings. The notch varies as to development and location. Of

the specimens taken, twenty-five per cent. or more have the notch at

the perifery ; in many of these a line of lighter color is left to mark

the former positions of the notch, this line does not precede the notch

on any other part of the shell.

These notched forms were only found where the water had a

strong current; and it was not confined entirely to Angitrema

armigera, for specimens of Pleurocera and Vivipara subpurpurea

were taken in the same situation with the same peculiar notch.

Pyrgulopsis wabashensis was found on water plants in quiet water,

on moss-covered rocks and timbers where there was some current at

the water’s edge, and at the old dam near New Harmony they were

found in mid-stream, on rocks covered with a little moss and

sediment.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW HAWAIIAN MARINE SHELLS.

BY H. A. PILSBRY AND E. G. VANATTA.

BITTIUM HILOENSE n. sp. Fig. 1.

The shell has the usual oblong-turrite shape, and is uniform yel-

lowish gray-white except the swollen, slightly exserted first whorl,

THE NAUTILUS. OL

which is opaque white and smooth. Subsequent whorls are flattened

but separated by a deep suture, the earlier ones having two spiral

beaded cords. At the end of the first 34 to 4 whorls a third spiral

cord appears. The last whorl is rounded periferally, and has about

10 spiral cords, separated by spaces of about their own width; the

upper 5 or 6 are nodose at the intersections of low, narrow, vertical

folds, which do not extend below the perifery. The last whorl has

a low, rounded, rather massive varix behind the outer lip, Aperture

oval, produced in a short, deep channel at the base.

Length 3.34, diam. 1.39 mm.; whorls 64.

Hilo, Hawaii. Types no. 95906 A. N. S. P., collected by Mr.

D. Thaanum.

This tiny Bittium is somewhat related to B. leucocephalum Wat-

:

.e=

4

See=

G =,

Fie. 1, Figs, 2. Fig, 3.

son, described from the reef at Honolulu, from which it differs in

many details of shape and sculpture. Watson’s type is evidently an

immature shell, smaller than B. Ailoense, but it has 8 whorls, while

hiloense has but 64.

Torinia discoidea sterkii n, subsp. Fig. 2.

The shell is depressed, biconvex with flat perifery, widely umbili-

cate, the width of umbilicus contained 2.6 times in that of the shell.

58 THE NAUTILUS.

First whorl is smooth, convex and bicolored, a spiral deep reddish-

brown band half the width of the whorl revolving below the suture ;

on the second whorl this band spreads, becomes diluted, and finally

disappears. Last whorl grayish, with white and brown spots along

the periferal beaded cords. The last whorl has 5 beaded spiral

cords above, the first and fifth larger; a beaded spiral lies between

the two cords at the periferal angles. The base has 7 beaded spirals,

the outer one and three inner larger than the others. Suture chan-

neled. Alt. 2.3, diam. 4.6 mm.

Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, H. I. (F. Stearns). Types in the

collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, No.

93833.

Differs from typical 7. discoidea Pease in having one more spiral

row of beads on the upper surface of the whorls and in having a

small spiral row of beads between the two peripheral larger rows.

It is also darker in color. The type specimens were picked from

shell-sand by Dr. V. Sterki, in whose honor it is named. The same

form was taken at the Marquesas Islands by C. D. Voy.

TURBONILLA (CHEMNITZIA) THAANUMI n. sp. Fig. 8.

The shell is very slender, turrite, slowly tapering, a little more

rapidly so near the summit; somewhat translucent white. One

nuclear whorl is planorboid, its axis not quite at a right angle with

that of the shell, but a little oblique. Post-nuclear whorls are

sculptured with rounded ribs, slightly oblique and gently sigmoid,

equal to the intervals, and extending from suture to suture. On the

last whorl there are 22 axial ribs; and the intervals parting them

stop abruptly a short distance below the periphery, leaving the rest

of the base smooth. ‘There is no spiral sculpture. The sutures are

deeply impressed ; whorls evenly convex. ‘The aperture is about

one-fifth the total length, ovate. Columella nearly straight, some-

what concave below, gently convex above.

Length 3.1, diam. 0.82 mm.; post-nuclear whorls 84.

Hilo, Hawaii. Type no. 95907 A. N.S. P., collected by Mr. D.

Thaanum.

This species differs from the Hawaiian 7. decussata Pease by the

absence of spiral sculpture.

THE NAUTILUS. 59

NOTES.

Those interested in that most fascinating group, the Cephalopods,

are quite likely to overlook a recent interesting contribution to our

knowledge of the natural history of two of the larger species of

cuttlefish and squid. ‘The reference is to a chapter called (some-

what misleadingly since largely occupied with an account of the

Californian octopus Polypus punctatus) ‘‘Ten Armed Game,” occu-

pying pp. 49-64 in Charles F. Holder’s book “ Big Game At Sea”

(The Outing Publishing Co., 1908).

The book is an account of sporting experiences written for sports-

men and by no means pretends to be scientific, but bears internal

evidence that the author is quite aware not only of the difference be-

tween imagination and testimony to fact, but of the distinction be-

tween first and second-hand testimony. In short, one judges that

he has actually seen and done just about what he says he has—

though he does not purport to state with the accuracy of a trained

naturalist—and if so he has had experiences with giant forms of

cephalopods most rare to men sufficiently educated to put them

before the public.

There are three excellent full-page photographs, two of ‘ giant

octopi”’ from California (one ‘‘ fifteen feet across’’—7. e., tip to tip

of spread tentacles—the other, size not given, said in text to grow to

twenty-five or thirty feet), and one of a “large squid caught at

Avalon, Santa Catalina Ids.,” by the author. ‘The latter picture is

extraordinary if not absolutely unique. It does not look ‘ faked,”

unless perhaps about the eye, and the animal appears fresh if not

actually alive, while the detail is clear. Unfortunately no measure-

ments are given, nor is there any object in the picture to serve as a

scale, while the text is annoyingly ambiguous. The author states

that the length of the largest squid actually handled and measured

by him was fifty feet (of which the long pair of tentacles made

thirty), but rather implies that this was a Newfoundland specimen,

presumably of Architeuthis princeps which Verrill has so elucidated.

Squids ranging from seven to eight feet in length are stated to be

common on the California coast, where they may be watched in

schools from boats—one would think with some slight misgivings if

the boat were very small. Probably the figure is of one of these,

though it somehow gives the impression of being larger—at all

events it is self-evidently not an Architeuthis.

60 THE NAUTILUS.

Those interested must read the chapter for themselves and regret

its shortness and shortcomings, with the hope that the author may

give students the benefit of a more full and exact account of the re-

sults of his unusual opportunities in this direction.

Anyone who has ever studied living squids cannot but delight in

his simile of the sheet-ligktning of a setting thunder-storm for the

color-play of the chromatophores. At all events it bears the hall-

mark of genuine observation.—F, N. Batcu.

LoTORIUM FELIPPONEI n. sp. by H. von Ihering, Buenos Aires,

1908. A new species of the “ Triton” pileare group is described

and figured in this paper, issued as a separate publication. It was

found at Maldanado, Uruguay, by Dr. Florentino Felippone, of

Montevideo.

Hrrata.—In the June number, the following corrections should

be made. Page 15, line 19, for ‘“‘ [now Bergh] ”’ read [non Bergh].

P. 16, line 9, for ‘*now” read ‘non Coryphella bostoniensis

(Couth.).”

Mrs. GeorGE ANDREWS died at her home, Circle Park, Knox-

ville, Tenn., on Saturday, September 5th. Many conchologists,

especially those of us whose activity in the science dates back twenty

years or more, were friends or correspondents of Mrs. Andrews, and

will hear of her death with sorrow. A notice of Mrs. Andrews’s life

will follow.

Mr. Jas. H. Ferriss is exploring the mountains of Arizona for

land shells, ferns, etc., intending to return about the first of No-

vember.

Dr. Jonn B. Trask, a pioneer of science on the West Coast, is

the subject of an interesting article by Dr. R. E. C. Stearns (Scdence,

Aug. 21). Trask went to California in 1850 and was one of the

little coterie who founded the California Academy of Science. He

discovered many mollusks, among other scientific labors, Hpiphrag-

mophora traski, and several other species bear his name.

mee NAUTILUS.

Vor. XXII. NOVEMBER, 1908. No. 7.

A GIGANTIC SOLEMYA AND A NEW VESICOMYA.

BY WILLIAM HEALEY DALL.

In the course of the Albatross dredgings in the Philippines during

the period in which Dr. Paul Bartsch of the U. S. National Museum

was attached to the scientific staff of that vessel,a dredging was

made between the islands of Ticao and Masbate in 600 fathoms.

Among the objects obtained from this haul (station 5215) was the

fresh shell of a Solemya, which, compared with the previously known

species, may be regarded as enormous. Nothing remained of the

soft parts which had evidently been but recently lost.

Solemya (Acharazx) bartschit n. sp.

Shell subcylindrical, gaping at the ends and along the base, cov-

ered with a strong polished black periostracum which extends over

the margins, being continuous over the dorsal portion between the

valves and produced beyond the edges of the shelly portion, basally

about 40, in front about 35, and behind about 15 millimeters. In

life this produced periostracum, undoubtedly covers and protects the

portions of the surface of the animal not sheltered by the calcified

valves ; the margin at the anterior end is not split into strips cor-

responding to the radii of the shell as in the large American species

of the group, but preserves its continuity and is contracted margin-

ally so that in life it must closely cover the whole anterior end of the

animal, in a dome-like manner. Internally the ligament is wholly

62 THE NAUTILUS.

opisthodetic but in front of the beaks the periostracum is produced

inside the dorsal margin as well as externally. This interior exten-

sion covers a narrow strip of the thickened dorsal margin of each of

the valves, leaving about two-thirds of these pseudo-nymphs bare and

strongly radially grooved and striate, the radii diverging from the

dorsal margin of the valves slightly in front of the beaks, and doubt-

less serving to make more efficient the local attachment of the

periostracum, which is here thickened and expanded. The ligament

is wide and strong, external, but visible in the gap between the

valves behind the beaks and supported by heavily calcified nymphs.

Behind the nymphs the dorsal margin of the shell on each side ex-

hibits a long and conspicuous indentation. The valves are heavily

calcified, internally radiately striate, the ventral margin straight, the

dorsal margin nearly parallel to it except as modified by the nymphs,

the two valves touching only near the beaks, which are low but

swollen, the rather narrow dorsal interval between the valves being

covered by a continuous sheet of the thick periostracum. The

posterior muscular impression is of moderate size and obliquely

ovate, the anterior smaller, narrow and rhomboid in shape; the pal-

lial line is obscure and continuous, situated close to the margin of

the valves; externally the surface is smooth except for lines of

growth and a number of shallow, wide, radiating channels which

proceed from the beaks toward the margin of the valves, where they

produce a certain amount of undulation. Anteriorly there are eight,

posteriorly six of these channels, with a median space which has no

rays, and, on the basal margin of the valves, is about 50 mm. wide.

The beaks are about 75.0 mm., in front of the posterior end. The

shelly part of the valves is 191 mm. long (the total length including

periostracum is about 240 mm.), the height 62 mm. (with periostra-

cum about 100 mm.), and the estimated diameter of the valves in

life about 60 mm.

The perfect condition of this specimen enables us to understand

the origin and use of the striated and thickened area of the an-

terior dorsal margin of the values, already noted by me in S. (A.)

agassizii from the Gulf of Panama. ‘To preserve it in its present

satisfactory state it will be kept in alcohol.

With this remarkable specimen was obtained an interesting shell

of Vesicomya, also without the soft parts, which may be described as

follows :

THE NAUTILUS. 63

Vesicomya ticaonica n. sp.

Shell ovate, tumid, inequilateral, with the beaks within the anterior

fourth of the length, low, prosocoelous, tumid, overhanging a large

cordate lunule, of which the left valve carries a somewhat large por-

tion; surface rude, sculptured irregularly and strongly by incre-

mental lines; periostracum brownish, covering a livid whitish shell;

ligament rather long, set in a deep, narrow groove; hinge as usual in

the genus; interior chalky-white except the polished muscular im-

pressions ; pallial line broad, slightly irregular, with a feeble insinu-

ation below the posterior adductor scars; shell thin, margins entire.

Length 63, height 45, diameter 30, the beaks behind the anterior

end15 mm. The ligament is about 22, and the lunule 14 mm. in

length. The shell is more tumid and more attenuated in front of

the beaks than any other described species and exceeds most of them

in size.

THE MOLLUSCA OF MCLENNAN COUNTY, TEXAS.

BY JOHN K. STRECKER, JR.

In 1883, Mr. Henry Hemphill sent a few species of shells from

Waco, to Dr. W. G. Binney. These specimens are now in the

Binney collection in the United States National Museum (see Manual

of American Land Shells, Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus., No. 28, 1885,

pp- 477, 485, etc.). I have been unable to find any examples of

two of the species recorded, i. e., Praticolella griseola Pfr. and

Vitrea sculptiis Bland.’

In Singley’s list of Texas Mollusca (Report Geol. Survey of

Texas, 1893, pp. 299-343) several species of McLennan county

shells are mentioned. I include Bulimulus d. schiedianus Pfr.

in my list on this authority, although I have not collected it personally.

Examples of all of the other species mentioned in this paper have

been collected by me during the past two years. Future investiga-

tions will doubtless bring others to light but as local lists of Texas

1The records of these two species from Waco are in all probability erroneous ;

the specimens identified as griseola must bea thin form of P. berlandicriana, and

the supposed V. sculptilis is V. indentata umbilicata.—Ep.

64 THE NAUTILUS.

Mollusca are exceedingly few and far between, I feel that my list is

sufficiently complete for publication at this time.

During the present year, the heavy rises and great floods have

played havoc with the various species of univalves inhabiting our

smaller streams. In 1907 a light-colored variety of Planorbis

tumidus Pfr. was found in Waco Creek in countless thousands but

in July of the present year repeated visits to the most favorable

places on this stream failed to result in the finding of a single living

specimen.

In April, 1908, I collected a large number of examples of Lymnea

bulimoides techella Hald and Physa mexicana conoidea C. & F. ina

small stream flowing through Lindsey’s Hollow. As my time was

limited, I left the collecting of a still larger series until another time.

A month later, during the flood, all of the mollusks in the stream

were washed into the Brazos River,

On the other hand, the drying-up of most of the smaller water

courses in the latter part of the summer is also responsible for the

destruction of many species. In places along Hog Creek, during

the dry season, I have found thousands of fresh dead shells of Physa

forsheyt Lea, Planorbis bicarinatus Say and Planorbis tumidus Pfr.

lying together in one heap. In the same place, on a bed of sand and

gravel, I have found half-grown living examples of Anodonta im-

becilis Say. The bed of this stream, in some places, is composed of

pebbles and small boulders to a depth of 18 or 20 inches, and when

the naiads are left high and dry it is impossible for them to burrow

down to the line of moisture.

At Day’s Lake I have found living specimens of a variety of Unio

tetralasmus Say that must have been out of the water for several

months. ‘They were half buried in a bank of dry earth about five

feet above the water line. ‘This Unio is much more tenacious of life

than our species of Quadrula and Lampsilis, as a very few hours in

the sun usually suffices to kill them.

Thanks are due to Mr. Bryant Walker of Detroit who kindly

identified most of the species on the list. Also to Mr. W. B.

Marshall, U. S. Natl. Mus. Washington, D. C., and Dr. W. S.

Strode, Lewistown, IIl., to whom the others were referred.

THE NAUTILUS. 65

Helicina orbiculata tropica Jan.

Praticolella berlandieriana Mor-

icand.

Praticolella griseola Pfr.

Polygyra dorfeuilliana Lea.

Polygyra dorfeuilliana sampsoni

Weth.

Polygyra mooreana W. G. B.

Polygyra texasiana Moricand.

Polygyra roemeri Pfr.

Polygyra monodon fraterna Say.

Bulimulus dealbatus liquabilus

Rve. |

Bilimulus dealbatus mooreanus

Pfr.

Bulimulus' dealbatus schiedi-

anus Pfr.

Strobilops labyrinthica texasi-

ana P. & F.

Pupoides marginatus Say.

Bifidaria armifera Say.

Bifidaria contracta Say.

Bifidaria tappaniana C. B. Ad.

Bifidaria pentodon Say.

Bifidaria procera cristata P.& F.

Bifidaria pellucida hordeacella

Pils.

Vitrea sculptilis Bland.

Vitrea indentata Say.

Vitrea indentata umbilicata

Singley.

Vitrea dalliana roemeri P. & F.

Euconulus fulvus Mull.

Euconulus chersinus trochulus

Reinh.

Zonitoides arboreus Say.

Zonitoides minusculus Binn.

Zonitoides singleyanus Pils.

Limax flavus Linn.

Philomycus carolinensis Bose.

Pyramidula alternata Say.

Helicodiscus eigenmanni P. & F.

Punctum pygmeum Drap.

Succinea avara Say.

Carychium exile H. C. Lea.

Planorbis bicarinatus Say.

Planorbis liebmanni Pfr.

Planorbis parvus Say.

Planorbis trivolvis Say.

Planorbis tumidus Pfr.

Physa mexicana Ph.

Physa mexicana conoidea C. & F.

Physa forsheyi Lea.

Physa rhomboidea Crandall.

Physa osculans Hald.

Amnicola peracuta P. & W.

Lymneza desidiosa Say. ( Variety?)

Lymnea bulimoides techella Hald.

Calyculina transversa Say.

Tritogonia tuberculata Barnes.

Quadrula forsheyi Lea.

Quadrula aurea Lea.

Quadrula pustulosa Lea. (Smooth

variety.)

Anodonta imbecilis Say.

Lampsilis gracilis Barnes.

Lampsilis purpuratus Lamarck.

( Variety.)

Lampsilis berlandieri Lea.

riety.)

Lampsilis anodontoides Say.

Lampsilis parvus Barnes.

Lampsilis texasensis Lea.

( Va-

Lampsilis ventricosus satur Lea.

Lampsilis levissimus Lea.

Plagiola macrodon Lea,

Unio tetralasmus Say.

Unio tetralasmus manubius Say.

Unio tetralasmus camptodon Say.

66 THE NAUTILUS.

NOTES.

Polygyra mooreana W. G. B.

Near the gravel pit north of Waco, I found two adult and three

juvenile specimens of a variety of this species with a hirsute epi-

dermis. ‘Three of these were found under arock lying at the foot of

gravel bank. A fourth was attached to the under side of a plank

lying across a spring about three or four yards away. The fifth ex-

ample was crawling around in the damp grass about a yard from the

spring. In the living specimen, the hairs are very conspicuous and

stand straight out from the shell. Living examples of the ordinary

type were afterwards found on all the surrounding elevations, but

the hirsute variety seems to be confined to the vicinity of the spring.

Limax flavus L.

This species is now common, but must have been introduced

within the last three years. Prior to that time a great many slugs

were collected by students of the Biological Department of Baylor

University. These are now inthe University Museum, and all prove

to be specimens of the native species Philomycus carolinensis Bosc.

Most of my examples of L. flavus were captured during the spring of

the present year.

Planorbis trivolvis Say.

This pond snail is rare. All of the examples I have seen came

from Day’s Lake about five miles notheast of Waco.

Planorbis tumidus Pfr.

This species is our most abundant Planorbis. <A large, light-

colored variety was formerly abundant in Waco Creek. A small,

depressed form is found in Hog Creek in considerable numbers.

Physa sp.

Imperfect specimens of an indeterminate Physa were picked out

of drift material on the Middle Bosque River. The spire was broken

in all these specimens and while Bryant Walker stated that he was

certain that they were different from anything that I had sent him

before, he was unwilling to attempt to name them until he could ex-

amine more perfect material.

Lymnea sp.

We have at least one other species of Lymnaea but of this form only

juvenile examples, too young for determination, have been collected.

Quadrula pustulosa Lea.

THE NAUTILUS. 67

A smooth variety of this species is found associated with Quadrula

aurea Lea. In this variety there are only a few small pustules near

the umbones and in some specimens even these are lacking. Speci-

mens identified by F. C. Baker and Bryant Walker. Several pus-

tulous shells of this species that were supposed to have been collected |

in this county, prove to have come from southern Illinois.

Lampsilis purpuratus Lamarck (Variety).

A number of shells from near Mussel Island in the North Bosque

River were first identified as typical ZL. purpuratus Lk. Later ex-

amples of the same type were identified as typical L. berlandiert by

Dr. W.S. Strode and Mr. Bryant Walker. The last-mentioned

gentleman found three different forms in a second sending from the

same locality. These he designates as

Lampsilis berlandiert Lea.

Lampsilis berlandieri Lea var.

Lampsilis purpuratus Lamarck var.

The variety of L. berlandieri Lk., is very variable in the color of

the nacre which ranges from white, through pink and salmon, to

dark purple. ‘These shells were found in the ripples above Mussel

Island while the examples of the typical form and the specimens of

L. purpuratus var., were found in a large bed some distance below.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF ACHATINELLIDAE, FROM THE

HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.

BY D. D. BALDWIN.

Partulina winniei n. sp.

Shell sinistral, subperforate, rather thin, elongately conical, apex

subacute; surface shining, striated with fine growth lines, and under

a lens showing very close and delicate decussating spiral striz ;

nuclear whorls faintly decussated. Color white, striped and mottled

irregularly with longitudinal dark brown streaks; apex white.

Whorls 6, slightly convex, margined above. Aperture oblique,

oval, purplish-white within. Peristome acute, thickened within,

columellar margin reflexed. Columella terminating in a slight,

flexuous, white fold.’

Length 16; diam. 8 mm.

68 THE NAUTILUS.

Habitat, Kahakuloa, West Maui.

This shell is the Maui counterpart of Part. theodorei, Bald., a

much larger shell found on the Island of Molokai.

Named in honor of Miss Winnie of Walluku, Maui.

Partulina mutabilis, n. sp.

Shell dextral or sinistral, minutely perforated, somewhat solid,

acuminately conical, apex subacute ; surface shining, marked with

delicate incremental strive, under a lens exhibiting very close decus-

gating, spiral striz; apical whorls smooth. Color varying from

pure white to dark fulvous, often variously striped with brown lines

and bands, some on the base and others spiral. Whorls 6, convex,

margined above, suture well impressed. Aperture oblique, oval,

white within, columella margin reflexed. Peristome acute, thick-

ened within. QOclumella terminating in a well-developed, flexuous

white fold.

Length 16; diam. 10 mm.

Habitat, Waichu Valley, West Maui.

This shell seems to be the Maui counterpart of Partulina varia-

bilis, Nc. a larger shell which is found on the neighboring island of

Lanai.

Laminella duoplicata, n. sp.

Shell sinistral, sometimes slightly perforated, thin, elongately con-

ical, apex obtuse; surface shining, marked with fine growth striz,

nuclear whorls smooth. Color light yellow, marked with somewhat

regular black lineations, apex black, whorls six, convex; suture

well impressed. Aperture a little oblique, oval, white within.

Peristome simple, very thin. Columella white, biplicate, the

terminal plication a thin, oblique lamellar plait, the inner one less

prominent.

Length 12; diam. 6 mm.

Habitat, Waichu Valley, West Maui.

This and the following species are important additions to the

Laminelle of Maui. The only previously described Maui species of

this section are Lam. picta, Migh., Lam. alexandri, Ne. and Lam.

erecta Pse.

Laminella aspera, n. sp.

Shell sinistral, minutely perforated, thin, conical, apex obtuse,

THE NAUTILUS. 69

surface exhibiting very coarse and irregular growth striz. Color

yellow, plain or marked with irregular black lineations, apex black.

Whorls 6, convex; suture well impressed. Aperture a little oblique,

sub-rotund, yellowish within. Peristome simple, very thin. Colum-

ella white, biplicate, not prominent.

Length 10; diam. 7 mm.

Habitat, Wailuku valley, West Maui.

This species is remarkable for the very coarse and irregular growth

strize exhibited on its surface.

Cotypes of these species deposited in the Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.

will be figured in the next volume of the Manual of Conchology.

THE MIOCENE SPECIES OF LYMNAEA.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL.

In Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Dec., 1906, I described two small

species of Lymn@a from the miocene beds of Florissant. In 1907,

at station 1, I found a much larger species, unfortunately not in the

best state of preservation. I hoped to find more material in 1908,

but as none was obtained, a description from the original type is now

offered.

Lymnea florissantica, n. sp.

Length 21 mm.; diameter about 104; spire short, scarcely over 5

mm. long, the whorls moderately convex; body-whorl not very con-

vex, with coarse, shallow, vertical grooves. In Baker’s key in his

Mollusca of the Chicago Area, it runs nearest to L. palustris, but it

is not at all like that species. It is in reality a miocene representa-

tive of L. emarginata. In Mr. O. O. Nylander’s series of figures of

L. emarginata (published by the author in a pamphlet, 1901),

it closely resembles Pl. 1, f. 7, except that it is distinctly more

slender, and the base is narrower, about as in fig. 8, though the rest

of the shell is not at all like fig. 8.

The following table separates the miocene species of Lymnaea.

Spire short and rather obtuse,

body-whorl large. . . . . 1.

70 THE NAUTILUS.

Spire rather or quite long, acute,

the apex slender . 2.

1. Length over 20 mm, A edicsconidta

related to L.emarginata. . . L. florissantica, n. sp.

Length 6 mm. or less, perhaps

related to L. catascopium . . LL. scuddert Ckll.

2. Small species, about 8 mm. long,

closely related to LZ. truncatula . L. sieverti Ckll.

Larger species, over 18 mm.long. 3

3. Smaller, aperture about half

length of shell ; apparently re-

lated to ZL. palustris . . . . LL. shumardi Meek & Hayden.

Larger, aperture over half length

of shell; apparently related

to L. stagnalis. . . . . « LL. meekit Evans & Shumard.

L. shumardi and meekit are from the White R. beds; the others

are from Florissant. Lymn@a was extraordinarily well developed

in the Oligocene of Britain. As. my memory serves me it seems

that the minor modern groups were already well marked, and it may

be considered probable that the types of L. stagnalis, palustris and

truncatula, at least, were developed first in the old world, and reached

America during the tertiary period. This is also suggested by the

fact that the older (Laramie and Eocene) American species of

Lymnea do not suggest the modern circumpolar groups.

FALSE SHELLS.

BY C. W. JOHNSON.

Among the many specimens received from young collectors for

determination there are occasionally non-molluscan forms so closely re-

sembling shells, that they have been mistaken for mollusks; in fact,

they have even deceived some of the more experienced concholo-

gists.

In the more primitive crustacea, including the Phyllopoda, espe-

cially in the family Estheriid@ and the Cladocera and Ostracoda, the

carapace is largely developed and forms a broad oval shell covering

THE NAUTILUS. 71

entirely or most of the body, and divided into right and left halves,

and hinged together on the dorsal line, thus giving the appearance

of a bivalve mollusk.

Some of the insects also afford interesting examples. The larve

of several species of caddice-flies, including the genus Helicopsyche,

make spiral cases in which they live clinging to the rocks and

stones in rapidly flowing streams. The little spiral cases composed of

grains of sand, fastened together with silken threads resemble so

closely the form of a Trochus or Valvata that Swainson (Treatise on

Malacology, p. 353, f. 1138, 1840), described one as the Thelidomus

braziliensis, placing it in the family Trochidae, sub-family Rotelline.

Dr. Isaac Lea (Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., iv, 104, pl. xv, f. 33, 1830),

described a similar larva case as Valvata arenifera.

In the Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, xxi, p. 1, 1884, Robert

McLachlan describes and figures an ‘extraordinary heliciform

lepidopterous larva case from East Africa.’’ These closely resem-

ble a high-spired Helix or Vivipara, both sinistral and dextral.

The larva case of an allied species of Southern Europe, Psyche

(Cochloplanes) helix is also figured, having the form of a small

irregular helicoid shell. Larve of the genus Microdon of the dip-

terous family Syrphide have twice been described as land mollusks.

Numerous worm tubes of the family Serpulide formed by

species of Ditrupa and Pomatoceras have frequently been described

as Dentalium (see Pilsbry and Sharp, Manual Conch., xvii, 240).

NOTES.

—-

CAUGHT IN A LIVING TRAP.—In the window of a Salem, Mass.,

store may be seen a unique sight, that of a kingfisher held tightly

in the grip of a mussel. The story is this:

This forenoon patrolman Michael J. Little while crossing Beverly

bridge, saw the bird fluttering on the flats, and he asked a fisher-

man to investigate. The latter went to the spot and there found the

bird drowned.

It had swooped down and poked its bill into the open shell of a

mussel, which suddenly closed on the bill of the bird. There the

the two remained, until the incoming tide drowned the bird. Hun-

dreds have viewed the singular sight today.—(Boston Globe).

vo THE NAUTILUS.

Martyn’s UNIvErRSAL ConcnuoLocy.—lIn the course of his very

instructive paper on ‘* Thomas Martyn and the Universal Concholo-

gist,” in the Proc. U. S. N. M., xxix, 1905, Dr. William H. Dall

writes as follows (p. 425), “ I am not aware of any other copies of the

‘¢ Universal Conchologist ”’ in America than the one I have described

[a copy in the U. 8. National Museum comprising the first eighty

plates] and a similar copy in the Academy of Natural Sciences,

Philadelphia. Later in his ‘* Supplementary Notes, ete.,”” in the

same Proceedings, vol. xxxiii, 1907, p. 185, Dr. Dall describes a

third copy in the possession of Mr. John B. Henderson, Jr., of Wash-

ington, likewise consisting of eighty plates, ‘‘ elegantly bound.”

It may be of interest to readers of THE NAvuTILUS, especially those

residing on the Pacific Coast, to know that there is a fourth copy of

this rare work in the library of the Leland Stanford Junior University.

This copy comprises all four volumes of the work, including beautiful

impressions of the entire 161 plates, and is complete save for the ex-

planatory table for the plates of the third volume. The series was

the gift of Mr. Timothy Hopkins, and in this case, also, each volume

is ‘‘ elegantly bound.”’ A copy of the prospectus of the work, simi-

lar to the one described by Dr. Dall is laid into the first volume.

Beyond this the copy agrees very well with those already described

by Dr. Dall. S. S. Berry.

HELIX ARBUSTORUM var. ROSEOLABIATA.—The var. roseolabi-

ata, described as new by Mr. Schlesh in Nauti.tus, October, p. 55,

is var. roseolabiata Roberts, described from the British Islands many

years ago. T. D. A. CocKERELL.

Mr. J. H. Ferriss, who has been getting snails, ferns and health

in the Chiricahua range, Arizona, expects to return about Novem-

ber 15th. He has not yet turned up the multicornis—a shell re-

ported to be as big as a tin-cup, with horns—but he has found many

other good things.

a

ese

Ne , ofan

a ¥,

ts Md

a

THE NAUTILUS, XXII. PLATE V.

np AA,

Lone,

“ty ay» 6.

"fon, %

sehen

bart

My,

hd

(ped

Pre,

shi

SSS S335

bY ANNES S44

jal st BS SeBez %

aS e Ui sa353 Z2EZBZE

s x) Uy yy WN

NS ee SY, eS

AT\WAS A Vf]

QA iti bs QUAY fit 4

(A MNMRN DLE Mie Hei ree W\\\ e

it mANOmNBNE iby 6 SE

aN

Se

LL rth

anne ge,

Ne ime ais

wae nein

ALDRICH: NEW EOCENE MOLLUSCA.

THE NAUTILUS.

Vou, XXII. DECEMBER, 1908. No. 8.

A NEW HAWAIIAN KALIELLA.

BY H. A. PILSBRY AND E. G. VANATTA.

KAaLiELLA GAETANOI 8. sp. Fig. 1.

The shell is perforate, thin, cream-white (the specimens being

fossil). Spire straightly conic, the apex rather obtuse. First 14

whorls white, smooth and convex; following whorls are flattened,

finely, rather weakly and irregularly

striate radially, the base being irreg-

ularly radially striate, with fine micro-

scopic engraved spiral lines. Whorls

54, very slowly widening, the last

acutely carinate, this carina showing

immediately above the suture as a

narrow seam. The base is convex.

The aperture is narrow, truncate at the ends, basal and parietal

margins parallel. Columellar margin is short, subvertical, with the

edge narrowly expanded.

Alt. 2.87; diam. 4.84 mm.

Palihoukapapa, Hawaii, fossil. Type No. 95779 A. N.S. P.,

from No. 4730 of Mr. D. Thaanum’s collection.

Fie. 1.

Kaliella subtilissima (Gld.) and K. konaensis Sykes are both less

elevated species, otherwise related. Named for the discoverer of the

Hawaiian Islands.

74 THE NAUTILUS.

NEW EOCENE FOSSILS FROM ALABAMA AND MISSISSIPPI.

BY T. H. ALDRICH.

KELLIA INTERSTRIATA ND. sp. Pl. v, figs. 1, 2.

Shell orbicular, slightly inequilateral, very much the shape of a

tumid Diplodonta, surface smooth except in the medial part where it

is distinctly striated. These striae are rather coarse, extending to

the basal margin, but they stop at the umbo. Beaks rounded, fairly

prominent, pointing inward, and terminate directly above one of the

semi-laterals; no lunule. Dentition normal. Length, breadth and

thickness about 5 mm.

Locatity. Enterprise, Miss. Top of Burrstone.

Remarks: This shell has the general shape and outline of K.

suborbicularis, Mont., also a similar dentition. It is peculiar in

carrying the medial striations.

Kellia prima Aldr. is a Bornia according to Prof. W. H. Dall.

CANCELLARIA? SOTOENSIS n. sp. PI. v. fig. 3.

p g

Shell small, whorls about seven, the first two and a half embryonic

and smooth, the cancellation beginning on the second half of the

third whorl: the remaining whorls strongly cancellated, the body

whorl contains 12 spiral lines, while the longitudinals are nearly

three times as many; slightly nodular at the intersection points,

suture very deep. Whorls strongly rounded. Base somewhat

rounded. Aperture oblong, outer lip denticulated within, inner lip

rather twisted, and carrying a small fold near the base. Umbilicus

not entirely closed.

Length 8 mm.; width body whorl 3 mm.

Locatity. De Soto, Miss, Claibornian.

Remarks: This little shell is more slender in shape than the

drawing shows, and the suture is much more deeply impressed. It

has somewhat the aspect of a Scala.

CoRBULA CLARKEANA n. sp. PI. v, figs. 4, 5.

Shell small, medium thickness, valves moderately inflated. Beaks

not-very prominent, polished, a groove running from beaks to base in

the largest specimens, nearly in the middle of the shell. Valves

marked with a few impressed lines of growth wide apart; the outer

THE NAUTILUS. 75

surface having a polished look; smooth internally, cardinal tooth

large, projecting.

Lon. 34 mm.; alt. 3 mm.

Locatity. Wood's Bluff, Ala.

Remarks: This little shell differs from any Corbula known to

the writer by its polished appearance, and its few impressed lines,

rare. One small valve does not have any depression running from

beak to base, but is quite regularly rounded.

Arca (BARBATIA) LIGNITIFERA n. sp._ PI. v, figs. 6, 7.

Shell small, thin, extremities rounded, moderately convex, beaks

small and flattened; surface marked by many radial riblets crossed by

irregularly spaced lines of growth; a depressed area running from

beaks to base nearly central; valves smooth internally, but showing

faint lines corresponding to some of the riblets. Hinge line long,

slightly curved; the hinge carries four close-set teeth anteriorly,

next a short vacant space, and then ten to thirteen small teeth,

larger and more nearly parallel to the hinge line as they approach

the posterior.

Lon. 5 mm.; alt. 3 mm.

Locality. Six miles east of Thomasville, Ala., Wood’s Bluff

horizon.

SIGARETUS (EUNATICINA) ERECTOIDES n. sp. PI. v, figs. 8, 9.

Shell small, thin, whorls five rapidly enlarging, apex somewhat

twisted ; the first two whorls smooth, the others covered with very

numerous fine raised lines which become coarser on the body whorl.

Aperture oblong, nearly twice as long as broad ; outer lip slightly

thickened ; umbilicus channeled, and slightly open.

Lon. 64 mm.; diam. 4 mm,

Locauity. De Soto, Miss., Claibornian.

Remarks: This little shell has very much the form of a small

Succinea, and resembles in miniature the living forms of the subgenus.

VERTICORDIA (HALIRIS) GRANULOIDES n, sp. PI. vy, fig. 10.

Shell small, rather rotund, surface with numerous rounded ribs,

about nineteen in the type; they are granulated under a glass, and

rather scabrous between the ribs, especially on the anterior. Pos-

terior slope slightly angulated; basal margin crenulated. The ribs

76 THE NAUTILUS.

also show through the body of the shell. Beak small and smooth,

the cardinal tooth strongly projecting.

Lon. 24 mm.; alt. 24 mm.

Locality. Wood’s Bluff, Ala.

Remarks: ‘This species is mentioned by Prof. Dall as Verticor-

dia sp.indet. The description is made from a good specimen found

by the writer. The shell is rather small for even this genus.

ACTEON POMILIUS Con., var. MULTANNULATUS. n. var. PI. v.

fig. 11.

The specimen here figured differs from the typical form by having

much more numerous raised lines with shallower interspaces. The

spire is higher and the shell more slender. The Acteon found by me

at Wood’s Bluff is different from the form figured by Prof. G. D.

Harris, not having any smooth space on the body-whorl. These so-

called species appear to belong in one basket.

Height 9 mm.; diam. 6 mm.

LocaLity. Six miles east of Thomasville, Ala., Wood’s Bluff

beds.

LEPTON VAUGHANI n. sp. PI. V, fig. 12.

Shell small, surface smooth and shining ; lines of growth very fine,

shell rather triangular in shape, longer than high; slightly inequila-

teral. Muscular scars showing, the posterior one rather long and

narrow.

Long. 3 mm. ; alt. 2 mm.

LocaLity. Wood’s Bluff, Ala.

ReMArRKS: This species seems to be an undoubted member of

this genus, as it has the proper dentition ; some specimens are equi-

lateral. Named in honor of T. Wayland Vaughn of the U. S. Geo-

logical Survey. This seems to be the first Lepton found in the

Eocene.

NEW LAND SHELLS FROM ARIZONA AND NEW MEXICO.

BY GEO. H. CLAPP.

Bifidaria (Chenaxis) tuba subsp. intuscostata.

Differs from the type, externally, by its larger size, length 4, diam.

2 mm. and the greater number of whorls, 64. The smallest normal

THE NAUTILUS. 77

shell measured is 3}. x 14 mm. with about 5} whorls, and the largest

44 x2 mm. with 62 whorls. Internally there is a strong lamella on

the columella, which can only be seen by breaking the shell, about 2

whorls long in fully adult shells. Examination of a large number of

shells of all ages shows that this lamella is a mark of maturity, as it

does not appear until after the angular, parietal and outer columellar

lamelle have begun to form.

The arrangement and number of the other lamellz and plice are

the same as in the type, with the usual variation as to extra denticles,

ordinarily seen in Bifidarta. 'The body whorl is decidedly angular at

the umbilicus, and flattened below the periphery.

Foothills of the Plumosa Range, about eight miles east of Quartz-

site, Yuma county, Arizona, in drift. Collected by Mr. Geo. S.

Hutson.

Type No. 5769 of my collection. Cotypes in Academy Natural

Sciences, Philadelphia, and U. S. National Museum.

In the peck or more of drift from which these shells were picked,

there were only two other species, Bifidaria hordeacella Pils. and

Pupoides marginatus (Say), with not even a fragment of anything

else.

In the Eagle Tail Mountains, twelve miles north of Kofa, Yuma

county, at an altitude of about 2,000 feet, Mr. Hutson found a form

which is apparently intermediate between the type and ¢ntuscostata,

in that the columellar lamella is weaker and does not extend in so

far. This is probably the form referred to by Pilsbry in Proc.

A. N. S., 1906, page 146, taken by the late Dr. Ashmun at Tempé,

Maricopa county. The habitat given by Hutson is: ‘“‘In moist

places among piles of loose rock covered by decaying cactus. Asso-

ciated with these were also Sif. hordeacella and P. marginatus.

The finding of this species in Cochise, Maricopa and Yuma

counties, shows a distribution of B. tuba clear across the territory.

ASHMUNELLA KOCHII D. sp.

Shell very much depressed, almost flat above, convex below, car-

inated, the carina about in the plane of the upper surface; sutures

well impressed, whorls 54; surface almost smooth, with faint and

closely-set incremental lines; nuclear whorl and a half finely granu-

lated ; base convex, flattened around the umbilical region ; umbilicus

deep, about 14 mm. wide, showing a full turn of the penultimate

78 THE NAUTILUS.

whorl, termination of the body-whorl sharply descending at the

aperture to about the middle of the whorl. Aperture very oblique ;

lip obtusely angled and almost perpendicular below the middle of

the whorl; strongly constricted behind the reflected lip; peristome

well expanded above, narrower below, somewhat flexuous, united

over the body by a thin callus; parietal lamelle two, converging,

but not united at the inner end into a V; the lower lamella stout,

sinuous, the outer end bent sharply towards the umbilicus; the

upper lamella low, narrow and straight, starting near the upper in-

sertion of the lip and terminating back of the front end of the lower

lamella; basal part of the peristome with two strong lamelle trans-

verse to the lip, the upper ends converging and united at the base

on the lip, forming a U; a broader and less transverse lamella set

more deeply within the aperture on the upper lip, a small internal

lamella on the base of the body whorl about three or four mm. long,

showing faintly through the shell.

Greater diameter 204, lesser 18, alt. 62mm. Black Mountain,

at the southern end of the San Andreas Range, Donna Ana county,

New Mexico, at an elevation of about 6,800 feet.

This interesting shell was first collected by Mr. Walter E. Koch

over a year ago. He sent me one perfect and one broken shell.

Lately he has sent me three additional specimens, also dead. He

reports dead shells quite plentiful in the crevices of a limestone cliff,

but was unable to find living ones. I take great pleasure in naming

the shell after him.

Type no. 5765 of my collection.

A. kochii is undoubtedly closely related to A. mearnsii, but is

very much larger, more ey carinated, and differs markedly in

the umbilical region.

Both of these species will be figured on plate VI, to appear next

month.

NOTES ON THE GENUS STROBILOPS.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

The small forest-snails known as Strobilops are spread throughout

all parts of North America east of the Rockies where sylvan condi-

tions prevail, from Canada to Florida, Mexico and Central America.

THE NAUTILUS. 79

Southward the genus extends to Venezuela, and even to the Gala-

pagos Islands, if I am right in referring the little snail described as

Endodonta helleri Dall to this genus.

For many years similar snails have been known from the European

Tertiaries, beginning with the Eocene and running up with numer-

ous species through the Miocene, when the group apparently died

out in that region, though many of its companion groups survived.’

Pére Heude, the keen and brilliant Jesuit missionary-naturalist,

described the first Asiatic Strodilops, in his memoirs on Chinese

snails, under the name Helix diodontina. He did not recognize its

kinship with other forms of Strodilops, nor has this been noticed by

any other author until the present year, when the receipt of specimens

of a Strobilops from Korea gave occasion for referring the Chinese

H. diodontina to its proper genus. The Korean species, which I

have decribed as Strobilops hirasei, is conic, like most American

species, but it is simply striate instead of being ribbed. Quite lately

a third Asiatic species has been sent by Mr. Hirase, discovered in

the main island of Japan. It will be described in the Japanese

Conchological Magazine. The finding of three species, in China,

Korea and Japan, indicates Eastern Asia as another evolution-center

for species of Strobilops. Probably still more will turn up there as

the country is further explored.

But this is not all. Several years ago Dr. O. von Moellendorft

described several small snails from the Philippine Islands under the

generic name Plectopylis: P. quadrasi with a variety brunnescens

from Luzon, and P. trochospira from Bohol. In his able and ex-

haustive work on Plectopylis,’ Mr. G. K. Gude has erected a sub-

genus nteroplax for these species, rightly holding that they differ

markedly from true Plectopylis. In reality, these Philippine snails

are nothing more or less than Strobilops, having the form, sculpture,

peristome and internal armature of this genus, the entering lamellz

or cords on the parietal wall being minutely nodose, as in American

and East Asiatic Strobilops. These Philippine species will stand as

Strobilops quadrasit (Mlldff.) and Strobilops trochospira (Mlldff.).

1The identification of S. labyrinthica as a European fossil, recorded in Wood-

ward’s Manual and copied in some American works, iserroneous, The foreign

species is quite distinct.

?The Magazine of Conchology, II, p. 39, figs. Y. Hirase, Kyoto, 1908,

*The Armature of Helicoid Land Shells, Science Gossip, 1899, p. 149.

80 THE NAUTILUS.

As to the place of origin of Strobilops we have no reliable data.

The presence of typical forms of the genus in the Eocene shows that

the group is a very old one, evolved in the Mesozoic, It is, more-

over, strikingly distinct from all other genera, and wonderfully con-

servative in general morphology. Until information from Mesozoic

strata comes to hand, we can only surmise with some probability that

Strobilops arose somewhere in the northern hemisphere. It probably

overran the entire Holarctic realm a long time ago, pushing south-

ward into the Oriental region and the American tropics at a time

remote enough to permit the evolution of strongly marked species in

these areas.

ANOTHER LARGE MIOCENE SCALA.

BY W. H. DALL.

Mr. W. W. Atwood of the U. S. Geological Survey has been

making a study of the Miocene strata of Alaska Peninsula and the

Shumagin Islands during the past summer, and collected a number

of interesting fossils. Among these is a specimen of a species of

Scala, or Epitonium, belonging to the group of giant Scalidae which

is so characteristic of the Miocene of Oregon and some other parts of

the Pacific coast. The list comprised the following species already

described and figured.

Opalia rugifera Dall,

Arctoscala condoni Dall,

Catenoscala oregonensis Dall ;

together with the species about to be described. The type of Arcto-

scalu is A. greenlandica Perry, a recent species. Opalia rugifera is

a member of the group represented in the San Diego Pliocene by

O. varicostata Stearns, and in the recent fauna by O. borealis Gould.

Catenoscala is a new group in which the anterior third of the whorl

is covered with a thick layer of enamel.

Epitonium (Acrilla) atwoodi n. sp.

Shell large, with rotund whorls rapidly increasing in size; sur-

face covered with a low reticulate sculpture comprising low axial

lamelle, about 1.5 mm. apart on the periphery of the whorls, slightly

THE NAUTILUS. 81

retractive, pinched together and more prominent, and slightly angu-

larly bent, at the suture; these are crossed by low rounded threads,

with wider interspaces, about a dozen on the penultimate whorl

between the sutures ; the surface is also finely sharply axially striate ;

the aperture is rounded, the outer lip slightly reflected and crenulate

by the spiral threads, but not thickened; whorls more than five,

closely adjacent; base (?); max. diam. 34; diam. at the truncate

apex 10.0; alt. of five whorls (the apex lost) about 60.0 mm.

The type specimen of this fine species, consisting of internal and

external casts, was collected about five miles south of the head

of Port Moller, in the pass leading across Alaska Peninsula called

Low Pass Cafion, U. S. Nat. Mus. 111072. Illustrations are in

preparation.

(Published by permission of the Director of the U. S. Geological

Survey.)

DESCRIPTION OF A MEXICAN LAMPSILIS.

BY H. A. PILSBRY AND L. S. FRIERSON.

Lampsilis iridella P. & F.

The shell is oblong, wider posteriorly, with the beaks at the ante-

rior two-ninths of the length; anterior end rounded; posterior part

sloping above, subtruncate at the end, compressed below the hinge.

Surface glossy, smoothish, obliquely corrugated along the posterior

slope (but sometimes very indistinctly so), and usually having a group

of short impressed lines or furrows vertical to the basal margin, near

the middle of the disk. Of a dull straw or pale greenish color, pro-

fusely marked with green rays, which are usually quite distinct and

narrow. The valves are thin, nacre bluish silvery, very iridescent

posteriorly. Cardinal teeth small, a single rather stout one in the

right valve, two more compressed and generally subequal teeth in

the left valve. Lateral teeth very narrow, double in the left, single

in the right valve.

Length 49, alt. 26, diam. 15 mm.

Valles, Mexico. Type no. 93810 A. N.S. P., collected by

Mr. A. A. Hinkley. Cotypes in collections of Hinkley and Frierson.

82 THE NAUTILUS.

L. iridella, Navutizus, XXII, no. 8, pl. 12, two lower right

hand figs.

This species was decided to be new when we studied Mr. Hinkley’s

Mexican shells in 1907, and so indicated in correspondence between

the authorsand Mr. Hinkley. It was figured as Lampsilis tridella in

this journal for December, 1907. It is related to V. popei and U.

medellinus (see NauTiLus, Nov., 1907, p. 80).

In this connection attention may be called to the newly-described

Lampsilis salinasensis Simpson, in Dall, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,

1908, p. 181, pl. 30, f. 3, type loc., Salinas River, Coahuila, also

reported from Valles River, Valles, Mexico. This form is closely

related to L. fimbriata Frierson, from the same place, figured on the

same plate of the NauTiLus with L. ciridella.

NOTES.

A NOTE ON THE TYPE LOCALITY OF PALUDESTRINA SALSA, AT

ConHASSET, MASS.—The largest and finest specimens were found on

rocks and eel-grass in about a foot of water and not more than three

hundred yards from where the creek empties into Cohasset harbor.

A dam and tide gates over which the salt water flows for only one or

two hours at the top of each tide prevent the water at the spot where

the shells were found from being as salty as one would expect, while

a considerable amount of fresh water received by the upper part of

the creek flows out on top of the salt water without mixing with it

completely. Therefore the surface water is only brackish, not salt,

and forms every winter very good black ice almost to the dam.

Specimens were also found on floating plants about a mile further up

the creek where the water has practically no salt in it. Dr. Pilsbry

had specimens from both localities at the time he described the

species —OWEN BrrYAnr.

VALVATA HUMERALIS CALIFORNICA n. subsp. The shell is

much more depressed than V. humeralis, the last whorl descending

less; whorls convex below the suture, not flattened there as V.

humeralis is. Alt. 2.7, diam. 4 mm. Bear Lake, San Bernardino

Mts., California, collected by Mr. S. S. Berry.—H. A. Pitssry.

HERON HELD PRISONER BY CLAM. BLoomsBurG, Pa.—Walk-

THE NAUTILUS. 83

ing along the river at Beach Haven, Augustus Remaley saw a fine

specimen of blue heron evidently unable to fly. Attracted by the

beautiful bird’s distress, he discovered that a clam or fresh water

mussel had closed tightly about one of the bird’s toes and held it so

securely that it could not get away. In the bird’s mouth was a

small fish. _V. Y. Herald, Aug. 16, 1908.

Type OF AMPULLA BOoLTEN.—This name, proposed in the Mu-

seum Boltenianum p. 110, for species of Achatina, Limicolaria and

Halia, evidently has precedence for some part of this assemblage. I

propose to restrict it to the last genus, Ampulla priamus Bolt. being

the type.—H. A. Pivssry.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF LiTTORINA.—“ The eggs of L. litorea,

each enclosed in a hat-shaped capsule, are laid freely on the shore,

not aggregated together in a gelatinous mass. There are trocho-

sphere and veliger stages. JZ. litorea lives down in the zone of La-

minaria and Fucus serratus. L. obtusata lives higher among Fucus

vesiculosus ; its larva leaves the egg as a veliger. ZL. rudis and L.

neritoides, which live near high-water mark, are both viviparous.

Thus the genus exhibits three stages in the evolution of the land

from marine mollusca, with the suppression of larval forms with suc-

cessive specialisations of habit.”—-M. M. Tatrersa.i, M. Sc., in

The Irish Naturalist, Nov. 1908, p. 238.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

REPORTS ON THE DREDGING OPERATIONS OFF THE WEST COAST

oF CENTRAL AMERICA TO THE GALAPAGOS, TO THE WEsT CoAsT

oF MEXICO, AND IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: * * * BY THE

U. S. Fish Commission STEAMER ‘ ALBATROSS”? DURING 1891.

REPORTS ON THE SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE EXPEDITION TO

THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC, ETC., “‘ ALBATROSS,” 1904—’05.

By Witi1am Heatey Darr. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. xliii, no. 6,

October, 1908.

The dredging operations of the ‘* Challenger,” “‘ Blake” and “ Al-

batross” have made us reasonably familiar with the deep water fauna

of the western Atlantic, Caribbean Sea and Gulf, but hitherto prac-

tically nothing has been known of the deep water fauna off the west-

84 THE NAUTILUS.

ern shores of Middle and South America, with which this Report

deals. A comparison of the two faunas reveals many interesting

facts. The known fauna of the eastern Pacific deep sea contains

about 300 species of mollusks, belonging to 134 generic and subgen-

eric groups. The Antillean region possesses 174 groups and a much

larger number of species. ‘There are practically no species com-

mon to the two regions except at the southern extreme of South

America, where a few species extend northward on both shores of

the continent, but do not reach the Antillean or Panamic regions.”

The 300 species known from the Eastern Pacific deep sea fauna

belong to 67 families, but 159 of them belong to only 8 families, of

which the Turritide or Pleurotomide (57species), Ledida@ (35 species),

Dentaliide and Pectinide are the most abundantly represented. The

Antillean deep water fauna has 174 generic and subgeneric groups,

against 144 in the Pacific, but of this number only 89 are common

to the two regions. Very many characteristic and prolific groups

in either fauna are unrepresented in the other. ‘ These statistics

would indicate, if confirmed by further researches, that the separation

between the abyssal fauna of the Pacific and that of the Antilles is

very ancient indeed, for in the shallows many of these groups are

represented on both sides of the isthmus of Darien, yet have not yet

succeeded in reaching the deep water.” The total absence of TJ7i-

phorida, Cerithiopside. Marginellide and Pyramidellide in deep water

on the Pacific side is especially remarkable.

Some 254 new species of mollusca are described. A very useful

synopsis of the recent species and subspecies of Argonauta is given,

8 species being recognized. Much new and interesting material

for the systematic student is given, especially in the TZerebride,

Turritide, Solemyacide, etc., and as in all of Dr. Dall’s papers, there

is a large store of information of value far beyond the limits of the

particular fauna under consideration. The changes in nomenclature

consequent on the resurrection of Bolten’s Catalogue, are numerous,

and important to those engaged in similar work. Several lists are

appended, of interest to those engaged in faunistics: shells from the

reefs and beaches of Easter Island and of Flint Island ; and a single

valve of a Pisidium, Corneocyclas magellanicus n. sp., was taken in

Magellan Straits, evidently washed in from some adjacent stream.

As the pioneer work in a new fauna, this scholarly report will be

welcomed by conchologists the world over.

THE NAUTILUS.

Vou. XXII. JANUARY, 1909. No. 9.

NEW AMNICOLIDZE FROM ALABAMA.

BY BRYANT WALKER.

In the fall of 1907 Mr. Herbert H. Smith explored about twenty-

five miles of the Coosa River, lying between Chilton and Coosa

counties. Amnicolid@ were very abundant, and more than 15,000

specimens haye been passed under examination. Among them were

the several species herein described, which appear to be new.

The principal collecting points were Cedar Island, three miles

above Waxahatchee Creek (in Tue NAvriLuvs, xxi, p. 128, this

island was erroneously stated to be that distance above Yellowleaf

Creek); The Bar, two miles further down stream, and two and one-

half miles above Yellowleaf Creek (the second creek of that name);

Butting Ram Shoals, five miles below The Bar; Higgins Ferry,

seven miles further down; and Duncan Riffle, seven miles below the

Ferry. Duncan Riffle is about twenty-four miles above Wetumpka.

This interval still remains for some enterprising collector to explore.

All of the Coosa River species collected by Hinkley were also

found by Smith, with the exception of Som. aureus. S. hinkleyt,

crassus and nanus occurred in great quantity, the latter being the

most numerous. SS. coosaensis, obtusus and aldrichi were less abund-

ant, but were fairly common in some localities. S. eonstrictus still

remains the rarest of the Coosan Somatogyri, a bare half-dozen rep-

resenting the total catch. An interesting ‘‘find” was that of S.

substriatus, originally collected by Hinkley at Florence, Ala., and

Columbus, Miss.

As none of the Amnicolide collected by Mr. Smith in his journey

86 THE NAUTILUS.

by boat down the Coosa from Rome, Ga., to Widuska Shoals, Shelby

county, Ala., in 1904-5, have been worked up, it is not at present

possible to say how far up the river any of these species extend.

SOMATOGYRUS DECIPIENS n. sp. PI. vi, figs. 10 and 11.

Shell obtusely conic, imperforate, thick, solid, light greenish-

yellow, smooth, lines of growth very fine and inconspicuous. Spire

elevated, obtuse; whorls 4, roundly shouldered below the suture,

which is well impressed ; body whorl large, shouldered above, flat-

tened on the sides and obliquely angled below and descending to the

axis. Aperture very oblique, obovate, obtusely angled above and

widening toward the base, which is slightly emarginate. Columella

concave, with a heavy, wide, flattened callus which extends over the

parietal wall. Lip sharp, heavily thickened within.

Alt. (fig. 11) (apex eroded) 34, diam. 24 mm.

Types (No. 28431, Coll. Walker) from the Coosa River at The

Bar, Chilton county, Ala. Co-types in the collections of T. H.

Aldrich, G. H. Clapp, John B. Henderson, Jr., and the Philadelphia

Academy. Also from the Coosa at Cedar Island, Butting Ram

Shoals, Higgins Ferry, Duncan Riffle and other points in Coosa and

Chilton counties, collected by Smith, and from the Coosa at

Wetumpka, five miles above Wetumpka, Wilsonville, Fort William,

and Montevallo, collected by Hinkley.

A careful study of many hundreds of specimens has convinced me

that under the description of Somatogyrus hinkleyt (NAUTILUS, xxii,

p- 185) I confounded two distinct species, one imperforate, and the

other perforate. As both the figured types of hinkleyi fortunately

belong to the same form, the perforate one, that species will retain

the name under the amended description given below. The imper-

forate form is the species here described as decipiens. The dis-

tinctive characters of the two species are so marked that, once

appreciated, there is no difficulty in separating them at sight, and it

is a matter of some chagrin that the difference was not realized in

the first instance.

S. decipiens is a smaller, thicker species than hinkleyi, and

always imperforate, without any suggestion of an axial groove.

While both species are alike in the elevation of the spire, decipiens

is at all stages of growth distinctly biangulate, with the intervening

side of the whorl flattened ; in some instances the lower angulation

becomes a distinct carina, but this is not usual.

a

THE NAUTILUS. 87

For comparison with the similar state in S. hinkleyi, a young

specimen of 35 whorls (24x 13 mm.) is also figured. (Fig. 10.)

The following amended description should be substituted for that

originally published for

SOMATOGYRUS HINKLEYI Walker. PI. vi, figs. 8 and 9.

Somatogyrus hinkleyi Walker, NauTILus, xvii, 135, pl. v, figs.

1 and 2.

Shell globose, conic, narrowly umbilicate when young and perfo-

rate when mature ; light horn-colored, smooth, growth-lines scarcely

evident. Spire elevated, obtuse; whorls 4—44, those of the spire

convex, body whorl large, more or less shouldered above, but regu-

larly rounded at the periphery, suture deeply impressed. Aperture

large, rounded above, somewhat dattened at the base, and decidedly

angled at the junction of the lip with the base of the columella, and

angular at the upper insertion of the lip; lip simple, acute, in aged

examples somewhat thickened within. Coiumella heavy, callused,

flattened and nearly straight, reflected over and nearly concealing

the narrow umbilicus, callus thinner on the body wall.

For better illustration and comparison with S. dectpiens I have

refigured the original mature type (fig. 8) and have added another

of a young shell (fig. 9) of 85 whorls (24x 2 mm.) for the purpose

of showing the open umbilicus at that stage; the thin, shining shell

and rounded whoris are very characteristic.

S. hinkleyi, when mature, has a larger, thinner shell than decipiens,

the columellar callus is not so heavy, and the persistent perforation,

very rarely entirely obliterated, as well as the general shape, are

distinctive.

This species was found by Mr. Smith at the localities mentioned

in connection with S. decipiens.

SOMATOGYRUS HENDERSONI n. sp. PI. vi, fig. 2.

Shell globose, perforate, thick, solid, greenish-horn-color, smooth,

lines of growth slight, but regular. Spire short, subacute, whorls

4-41, flattened above, and roundly shouldered, body-whorl very

large, inflated, somewhat constricted immediately below the suture,

which is deeply impressed and then flatly expanded and roundly

shouldered. Aperture large, subcircular, expanded; lip sharp, cal-

lously thickened within, rather abruptly bent in above and meeting

the parietal wall at nearly a right angle, broadly rounded below and

88 THE NAUTILUS.

curving regularly into the columella. Columella narrow, thickened,

rounded and concave, separated below from the body-whorl by a

small but profound umbilicus and a strong axial groove, adnate only

on the parietal wall, which is heavily callused. Alt. (apex eroded)

4.5, diam. 4.5 mm.

Types (No. 28432, Coll. Walker) from Coosa River at Duncan’s

Riffle, Chilton County, Ala. Co-types in the collections of T. H.

Aldrich, G. H. Clapp, J. B. Henderson, Jr., and the Philadelphia

Academy. Also from the Coosa at Wilsonville, Ala.

This species is about the size and general appearance of S. depres-

sus Tryon, and sargenti Pils. It differs from the former in its

heavier shell, sub-sutural constriction, large umbilicus and strong

axial groove. The latter species is rather larger, not so thick and

imperforate. A single specimen from Williamsville was recently

sent in by Mr. Hinkley, which was not included inthe material sent

to me in 1904.

Named in honor of Mr. J. B. Henderson, Jr., who has been a

hearty supporter of Mr. Smith’s work on the Coosa.

SOMATOGYRUS PYGMZUS n. sp. PI. vi, fig. 3.

Shell minute, globose-conic, imperforate, rather thin, light green-

ish horn-colored, smooth, lines of growth indistinct. Spire obtusely

elevated, whorls 4, convex, suture deeply impressed; body whorl

large, convex, regularly rounded, impressed at the axis. Aperture

subcircular, not much expanded. Lip simple, sharp, thin, regularly

curved from the upper to the columellar extremity. Columella con-

cave. Columellar callus narrow, flattened, closely appressed to the

body whorl and extended over the parietal wall to the upper inser-

tion of the lip.

Alt. (apex eroded) 2.5, diam. 2 mm.

Types (No. 28433, Coll. Walker) from the Coosa River, at The

Bar, Chilton county, Alabama. Co-types in the collections of T. H.

Aldrich, G. H. Clapp, J. B. Henderson, Jr., and the Philadelphia

Academy.

About twenty-five examples of this diminutive species were col-

lected at The Bar. It did not occur elsewhere. I have been wholly

unable to identify this form as the young of any of the associated

species. Though so small, the shells have every appearance of

maturity. Compared with young S. nanus of the same size, pygmaus

differs in the thinner shell, regular convexity of the whorls and

THE NAUTILUS. 89

lighter columellar callus. It is easily distinguished from other

described species by its size.

CLAPPIA, n. gen.

Shell small, globose-turbinate, narrowly, but deeper wmbilicate,

aperture large, lip simple, columellar lip simple, adnate to body-

whorl only at the extreme upper portion, oblique, expanded and

subangulate to its union with the basal lip, operculum corneus,

. paucispiral, nuclear whorls large and subcircular, slowly and cS ad-

ually increasing.

Rachidian tooth of the radula short and broad ; intermediate tooth

with sub-quadrate body with a strong tooth projecting from the in-

fero-anterior angle and a large peduncle; laterals multicuspid:

6-1-6 10_1-10, 50-+, 50+ (Fig. 7).

Formula of the denticles:

Type: Clappia clappi Walker.

This genus stands close to Somatogyrus, but differs in several im-

portant particulars, which forbid the reference of the type species to

that group.

The central tooth of the radula is very similar both in shape and

in the arrangement and number of the denticles to that of S. de-

pressus as figured by Stimpson. But the intermediate tooth lacks

the perforation, which is found in that species, and has a prominent

tooth at the infero-anterior angle which is lacking in the other. The

laterals are multicuspid. In this respect, Clappia stands in the same

relation to Somatogyrus that Cincinnatia does to Amnicola.

In shell characters, Clappia differs from Somatogyrus in the con-

Spicuous deep umbilicus, the straight, thin inner lip without any

callus thickening, which is entirely separate from the body whorl,

except for a very short distance at the upper extremity.

The operculum is also very different. In all the species of Soma-

togyrus examined, the nuclear whorls of the operculum are very

small, while the last is enormously expanded (see Fig. 6, S. subglob-

osus, Fig. 5, S.depressus). In Clappia (Fig. 4), on the other hand,

the nuclear whorls are large and nearly circular, and form nearly one-

half of the whole operculum. Indeed, in looking at the operculum in

situ, the first impression is that it is completely circular as in Valvata.

CLAPPIA CLAPPIn. sp. PI. vi, figs. 1, 4 and 7.

Shell small, globose-turbinate, narrowly and deeply umbilicate ;

90 THE NAUTILUS.

rather thin, translucent, pale horn-color, smooth, shining, lines of

growth very fine, close and regular; spire obtuse. Whorls 34,

round, very convex, rapidly increasing toward the aperture, sepa-

rated by a deep suture. Aperture large, slightly oblique, scarcely

expanded, subcircular, equally rounded above and below, but flat-

tened on the columellar side. Columellar lip thin, straight, oblique,

adnate to the body-whorl only at the upper extremity, emarginate in

the central portion, below which it is expanded, forming a rounded

angle at its junction with the basal lip. Lip thin, sharp, not ex-

panded nor callously thickened within. Operculum paucispiral, ~

nuclear whorls large and subcircular. Animal black.

Alt. (apex eroded) 3, diam. 3 mm.

Types (No. 28434, Coll. Walker), from the Coosa River at

Duncan’s Riffle, Chilton County, Ala. Cotypes in the collections

of T. H. Aldrich, Geo. H. Clapp, John B. Henderson, Jr., and the

Philadelphia Academy. Found also at The Bar, Butting Ram

Shoals and Higgins’ Ferry.

Deprived of its operculum, this species at first sight, from its gen-

eral shape, rounded whorls and deep umbilicus, would be taken for

a Valvata allied to V. sincera Say. But the straight columellar lip

and the decided projection of the lip at its junction with the peri-

treme show its affinity to Somatogyrus.

The peculiarities of the radula and operculum have been sufficiently

stated under the generic description. I am indebted to Dr. Pilsbry

for the figure of the dentition. It seems eminently proper that this

very distinct addition to the fauna of Alabama should both generi-

cally and specifically bear the name of Mr. Geo. H. Clapp, the

original promotor of the explorations of Mr. H. H. Smith, which

have added so much to our knowledge of the mollusca of that State.

Explanation of Plate VI.

Figures 1, 38, 9 and 10 are on the same scale, x8.

Figures 2, 8 and 11 are x6.

Figs. 1,4 and 7. Clappia clappi. Duncan’s Riffle, Coosa R., Ala.

Fig. 2. Somatogyrus hendersont. Duncan’s Rifle, Coosa R., Ala.

Fig. 3. Somatogyrus pygmaeus. The Bar, Coosa R., Ala.

Fig. 5. Somatogyrus depressus. Watertown, Wis.

6. Somatogyrus subglobosus. Big Muddy R., Blairville, Ils.

Fig. 8. Somatogyrus hinkleyi. Coosa R., Wetumpka, Ala.

9. Somatogyrus hinkleyt. Coosa R., The Bar, Ala.

Figs. 10 and 11. Somatogyrus decipiens. Coosa R., The Bar, Ala.

THE NAUTILUS, XXII. PLATE VI.

8

WALKER: NEW SPECIES OF SOMATOGYRUS AND CLAPPIA.

nh ¢

Fp

THE NAUTILUS. 91

THE BREEDING SEASON OF UNIONIDZ IN PENNSYLVANIA.

BY DR. A. E. ORTMANN.

Since C. T. Simpson published his new system of the Untonide

(Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 22, 1900), which is founded, in a large part,

upon the ** marsupium ” of the female, this latter organ must be re-

garded as one of the most important features of the soft parts of the

mussels, and should be known in every species. Yet there is a large

number of species, in which it has never been seen by anybody.

That certain species are very rarely found with the marsupinm de-

veloped, is, in my opinion, chiefly due to the fact that they are not

easily obtained at the period when they are gravid. As Sterki has

first suggested (NavTILus, 9, 1895, p. 91), there are two groups

among our mussels with regard to the period of gravidity*): semmer

breeders and winter breeders. In the summer breeders the short

“breeding season ” falls into the early summer months (May, June,

July) ; now since many of the species which belong or may belong

here are characteristic for the larger rivers, avoiding smaller streams,

and since just at this time the rivers very generally are swollen and

muddy by copious summer-rains, it is practically impossible to col-

lect them in the gravid condition.

During the summer of 1908 we had exceptionally dry weather in

our region ; the stage of the rivers in Pennsylvania was already in

the beginning of July very low, and thus the writer succeeded in

finding several species in a gravid condition, which generally at that

season are out of reach. In addition, he has collected other species

in the smaller streams at various seasons, and has found gravid

females, both of summer and winter breeders. The following is a

list of them, which also intends to give the previous records for those

species which are found in Pennsylvania :?

1TIn order to avoid misunderstanding, I want to state expressly that by

“ period of gravidity ”’ or ‘‘ breeding season” I mean the time when the gills,

or part of the gills, which forms the ‘“muarsupium,” are filled with eggs or

embryos,

2See: Lea, I; Observations, II, 1838, p. 51 ff.; III, 1842, p. 231; VII, 1860,

p. 221; X, 1863, p. 412, etc.; Sterki, V, NauTiLus, 9, 1895, p. 91; 12, 1898, p.

18; Amer. Natural., 37, 1903, p. 103; Baker, F, C., Bull. Chicago Ac., 3,

1898 (passim) ; Conner, C. H., Nautinvus, 21, 1907, p. 87.

92 THE NAUTILUS.

Group A. WINTER BREEDERS.

Truncilla triquetra Raf. Found gravid by the writer repeatedly

in the months of September and October.

Truncilla perplexa rangiana Lea. Winter breeder (Sterki, ’95).

Found gravid in September.

Micromya fabalis Lea. July—August (Lea, III, ’42).

—-Lampsilis ventricosa Barn. Winter breeder (Sterki, ’95); autumn

(Lea, III, ’42); March, October (Lea, ¢b¢d.). Found gravid by the

writer in all months from May to October. Marsupium partly empty

(ovisacs extruded) on May 11; marsupium just beginning to be

filled, July 30. (Breeds apparently “all the year round.” See

below.)

Lampsilis ovata Say. Autumn (Lea, III, ’42); November (Lea,

X, ’63). Found gravid in August, September, October. (This is

merely a variety of L. ventricosa.)

Lampsilis cariosa Say. October (Lea, II, ’38). Found gravid

in August.

Lampsilis ochracea Say. June and November (Lea, II, ’38).

~~ Lampsilis multiradiata Lea. Autumn (Lea, III, ’42); July, Au-

gust (Lea, zb¢d.). Found gravid in May, June, August, September,

October. Only few specimens being found in June and July, it is

uncertain whether there is an “interim” in the summer.

Lampsilis luteola Lam. March, July-August, October (Lea, ITI,

’42); July (Baker, ’98). I found gravid specimens in April, May,

June, July, August, September, October, The species is a typical

winter breeder, only the end of one season and the beginning of the

next partly overlap in summer. In June, and chiefly in the begin-

ning of July, sterile females (with the marsupium not charged) are

much more frequent than in other seasons, while gravid females are

very rare at the same time.

Lampsilis radiata Gmel. ‘All the year round ’’ (Conner, ’07);

November (Lea, II, ’38); May (Lea, X, ’63). Discharge of ovi-

sacs observed from November to March (Lea, X, 63).

~~ Lampsilis ligamentina Lam. Winter breeder (Sterki, ’95); au-

tumn (Lea, III, ’42). Found gravid by the writer in August,

September, October, but not in July. Among numerous specimens

collected, July 8, ’07, July 3, 10 and 13, ’08, not a single gravid

female was discovered. ‘The earliest date for the latter is August 3,

but from that time on they were found regularly. This species pre-

THE NAUTILUS. 93

fers the larger rivers, and thus no dates could be secured for the

spring months, yet the *“‘ interim” in July is very sharply marked.

Lampsilis orbiculata Hildr. Autumn (Lea, III, ’42). Found

gravid in August and September.

Lampsilis recta Lam. Winter breeder (Sterki, 795); autumn

(Lea, ’42). Found gravid in July, August, September, October.

No records at hand for the early summer.

Lampsilis nasuta Say. ‘All the year round” (Conner, ’07) ;

winter breeder (Sterki, 95); November (Lea, II, ’38). I found

this species gravid in September (Delaware River), and on June 2

and 3 (in Lake Erie), when numerous gravid females were found.

Lampsilis iris Lea. I found three gravid females on May 11.

Lampsilis parva Barn. Winter breeder (Sterki, 95); May and

November (Lea, VII, ’60). Extrusion of ovisacs observed 7 Lea

(ibid.) in May.

Lampsilis (Proptera) alata Say. Winter breeder (Sterki, "95) ;

autumn (Lea, III, 42). Found gravid end of August, September,

October.

~—~Lampsilis (Proptera) gracilis Barn. Winter breeder (Sterki,

95) ; autumn (Lea, II, ’42). Found gravid in September.

Obovaria retusa Lam. Autumn (Lea, III, 42). I found a

gravid female of this species on August 29, ’08.

~~~ Obovaria circulus Lea. Winter breeder (Sterki, 95); autumn

(Lea, III, 42); March, July-August (Lea, cbid.). I found gravid

females on May 27, 08. -Both forms O. ctrculus and lens are in-

cluded here: they pass into each other.)

~~ Obovaria ellipsis Lea. Winter breeder (Sterki, ’95); autumn

(Lea, III, 742).

-——FPlagiola securis Lea, Autumn (Lea, III, ’42). Gravid females

not rare in September and October.

All species mentioned so far possess the ‘‘ Lampsilis-type”’ of

marsupium, ?. e., the posterior part of the outer gills is charged, at

the period of gravidity, with eggs or embryos contained in distinct

ovisacs. When not gravid, this part of the gills differs in structure

from the rest, and females are always recognizable.

Cryptogenia trrorata Lea. Winter breeder (Sterki, ’95); autumn

(Lea, III, ’42).

Marsupium very peculiar, but allied to the Lampsilis-type.

«— Ptychobranchus phaseolus Hildr. Winter breeder (Sterki, 95);

94 THE NAUTILUS.

autumn (Lea, III, ’42). Found gravid in August, September, Oc-

tober. A specimen found on May 11, ’07, had most of the ovisacs

discharged. None of the numerous specimens collected by the

writer in June and July were gravid.

The peculiar shape of the marsupium of this species is well known.

In the following species, belonging to Group A, the marsupium

occupies the whole of the outer gills, and while in Strophitus dis-

tinct “ placentae ” (Sterki) are developed, such structures or ovisacs

are not present in the rest.

Strophitus undulatus Say. Autumn (Lea, III, ’42); March, Octo-

ber (Lea, zb¢d.); September, December (Lea, II, ’38); discharge of

placente observed in January and February (Lea, X, 63). I found

this species gravid in the months of July, August, September, Octo-

ber; also in May. The latest date is May 22, ’08 (one out of eleven

individuals). Among numerous specimens collected on May 14 and

May 27, ’08, no gravid females were present, and during the month

of June such were never found, although a good number of specimens

were collected. The earliest date again is July 11. This gives an

‘‘interim”’ from the end of May to about the middle of July.

The eastern S. undulatus Say is absolutely undistinguishable from

the so-called S. edentulus Say of the western waters.

Anodonta cataracta Say. Breeding season, eight months during

the year; the interim May to October (Conner, ’07); gravid in Octo-

ber and November (Lea, II, 788). I have seen gravid specimens

collected on July 23, ’08, and August 21, ’08. The first date, no

doubt, represents an exceptional case: there was only a single gravid

individual among forty to fifty specimens. The other date (also a

single individual, but only one found at that date) possibly marks

the beginning of the season. At any rate it is very probable that

the breeding season occasionally lasts longer than indicated by Con-

ner, and may be extended in individual cases beyond May and may

begin earlier than October, as is the case in other winter breeders.

Anodonta imbecillis Say. Autumn (Lea, III, ’42); March (Lea,

thid.). Found gravid May 21, ’08 (outlet of Lake Leboeuf, Erie

county), and June 2, ’08 (Lake Erie). This species is hermaphro-

ditic, according to Sterki (NauTitus, 12, ’98, p. 87).

Anodonta grandis Say. Autumn (Lea, III, ’42); July, August

(tbid.); October (Baker, ’98). In Pennsylvania gravid females are

frequent in August, September, October. I have found a single

THE NAUTILUS. 95

gravid female on May 22, ’08, out of a large number collected.

Among numerous specimens collected on April 24, June 23, July 17

none were gravid. ‘Thus the ‘‘ interim ”’ appears to extend over the

month of May to July, with occasional individual exceptions.

Anodontoides ferussacianus Lea. Autumn (Lea, III, ’42); Octo-

ber (¢did.). Found gravid in May, August and October. Among

a dozen specimens, collected June 5, ’08, in Little Shenango River,

and among numerous specimens of the var. subcylindraceus Lea,

collected on June 2, ’08, in Lake Erie, not a single one was gravid.

This would establish an interim at least in June. No dates are at

hand for July.

Symphynota compressa Lea. Autumn (Lea, III, ’42); March,

September (Lea, zbid.). Gravid in May and beginning of Junc

(June 2 in Lake Erie; only part of the outer gills charged). No

gravid females taken during the rest of June, and during July, but

only a small number of specimens was secured during this time.

Beginning August 6, all through the month, and during September

and October, gravid females were abundant. The color of the mar-

supium is very variable in this species: whitish, pink, orange,

brown, and probably depends on the stage of development of eggs

and embryos.

(To be continued.)

NOTES.

SHELLS NEW TO THE NEw ENGLAND FAUNA.—In a very small

portion of shell-sand gathered by Mr. John Robinson at Hampton

Beach, New Hampshire, I discovered a genus new to America,

namely Homalogyra atomus Phil. A subsequent visit to this place

enabled me to add a number of forms new to the New England

Coast north of Cape Cod. Among those thus far determined isa

Scissurella, probably crispata Flem., and Caecum pulchellum Stimp.

A few years ago Miss Marjorie C. Newell discovered specimens of

Tagelus devisus Spengl. on Coffin’s Beach, and Miss M. W. Brooks

has detected a specimen of this species at Hampton Beach.

Later I hope to make an extended paper with illustrations of these

and other new additions to our molluscan fauna.—Epwarp §S%,

Morse.

96 THE NAUTILUS.

In his “* Economic Zoology, an introductory text-book in Zoology

with special reference to its applications in Agriculture, Commerce and

Medicine,” by Herbert Osborn, M. Sc., 1908, the chapter on Mollusca

(p. 147-173) is partially illustrated by original figures. Figs. 94

and 95, labeled ‘‘Common Snail, Patula alternata”’ is apparently

Polygra profunda! Except for a very brief allusion to the pearl

and pearl-button industry, the only ‘‘ economic” mollusks mentioned

are the oyster and Mya arenaria, although to go no further away than

our own coast, commercially the round clam or quahog is much the

more important of our clams, and the scallop industry has assumed

large proportions.

Alcadia pusilla intermedia, n. var. Shell intermediate in size

between A. pusilla and A. hollandt, alt. 5.2, diam. 7.7 mm. ; opercu-

lum roughened externally much as in A. hollandi, its columellar mar-

gin with sharp comb-like costule. Jamaica, (S. Raymond Roberts.)

—- li. A, ELSBRY.

BIFIDARIA TUBA INTUSCOSTATA Clapp. Plate VII, figs. 1, 2,

3, 4, Broken shells showing internal lamella X 10. 5, 6, 7, 8, Ab-

normal shells X 10. 9, 10,11 Typical X 12.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

DESCRIPTION OF NEw CRETACEOUS AND TERTIARY Fossixs

FROM THE SANTA Cruz Mountain, Catirornia. By RALPH

ARNOLD. (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xxxiv, p. 345, plates 31-37,

1908.) Descriptions of the various geological formations with lists

of species, followed by descriptions of some thirty-seven new species.

DESCRIPTIONS AND FIGURES OF SOME LAND AND FRESH-WATER

SHELLS FROM Mexico, BELIEVED TO BE New. By Wm. H.

Dat, (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xxxv, p. 177, plates 29-33, 1908.)

A new species of Coelocentrum (C. palmerti Dall and Bartsch) forms

the type of a new section Crossostephanus. Three new Streptostylas,

one Huglandina and one Lampsilis are described and figured.

Anodonta coarctata Anton and Diplodon websteri Simpson are also

figured. The latter from New Zealand, was described in Toe Nav-

TILUS, Vol. xvi, p. 30, 1902.

THE NAUTILUS, XXII. PLATE WII.

BIFIDARIA TUBA INTUSCOSTATA CLAPP

THE NAUTILUS.

VoL. XXII. FEBRUARY, 1909. No. 10.

A WEEK AT CLAIBORNE, ALABAMA.

BY REV. H. E. WHEELER.

A part of my October vacation was spent with a party of geologists

on a house-boat trip from Tuscaloosa, on the Warrior river, to Jack-

son, on the Tombigbee. ‘The party consisted of the State Geologists

from South Carolina, Georgia, Florida and Alabama, namely, Mr.

Earle Sloan, Mr. T. W. McCaloie, Dr. E. H. Sellards, Dr. Eugene

A. Smith and Dr. F. W. Prouty, besides Dr. George Little, of Tus-

caloosa; Dr. Roland M. Harper, of New York, botanist; Hon. T. H.

Aldrich, of Birmingham, paleontologist; and Dr. T. Wayland

Vaughan, of the U. S. Geological Survey, who was studying in

detail the correlation of the coastal plain geology of the Southern

States.

One of the results of the expedition was the confirmation of our

Alabama nomenclature for the cretaceous and tertiary formations so

typically illustrated in this State. Another result was the fine series

of fossils collected along the route.

From Jackson some of the party went to the sections about Mobile

to study the Grand Gulf formation, while I made my way to the classic

locality—Claiborne, on the Alabama river. ‘To one who has but

recently delved into the mysteries of paleontology no more encourag-

ing formation could be desired than this. Made famous by the early

work of Lea and Conrad, a fascination for every student since, it will

not fail to yield treasures new and old to any zealous collector. A

year ago I gathered a quantity of shells there, enough to fill the win-

ter’s evenings with rare pleasure, but this year I was even more

fortunate.

93 THE NAUTILUS.

The beautiful Corbis lamellosa Lam. was found in a thin layer of

white sand in the ferruginous bed—quantities of them in perfect

condition. Just as I was leaving I picked up a Cyprea nuculoides

Ald.,' so far as I know never before reported from this locality. A

fine large Fusus ( Clavilithes) protextus Con. rewarded my laborious

digging, as well as perfect specimens of most of the common species.

It was on my last visit that I was fortunate enough to find the very

rare Cancellaria priama Harris,’ the type of which had unfortunately

been broken. I obtained two enormous Trochiformis infundibulum

Lea, and among other interesting, though not in every case rare,

species may be mentioned the following: Pisania claibornensis WhitE.,

Lutraria papyria Con., Avicula limula Con., Papillina papillata

Con. (very rare), Fusus inauratus Con., Conus sauridens Con., Cornu-

lina armigera Con., a Melongena un. sp., Limopsis cuneus Con., Pissu-

rella tenebrosa Con., Sigaretus declivis Con., Act@on inflatior Meyer,

Mathilda leana Ald., Leiorhynus prorutus Gabb.

The lccality ought also to be interesting to the collector of recent

shells. I noted on the bluff the dainty Glandina rosea Fer.

Passing through the overgrown and deserted streets of the vil-

lage,? one would hardly suspect that in former times it was important

enough to be visited by General Lafayette (1825) in his tour of the

States. But the old Masonic Hall in which he spoke still stands,

though now removed to Perdue Hill, two miles away. Here (in

Claiborne) Conrad taught the children of a wealthy family while he

named the treasures of the ancient eocene sea. Two of Alabama’s

Governors—Bagby and Murphy—were residents of Claiborne when

elected, and Charles Tait, to whom the scientific world is indebted

for its first knowledge of this famous bed. was Alabama’s first Federal

Judge. On the ‘ Bluff” itself stood old “ Fort Claiborne,” whose

guns frowned vengeance on the crafty Choctaws; but gone now is

the glory of the once proud river town, scattered are its families, and

almost past recovery are its traditions.

But for how many years to come will these ancient seas continue

to give up the secrets entrusted to them? Monuments that crumble

and yet survive; frail shells on which the order of creation is too

finely graven for human skill to imitate.

Blocton, Alabama.

1Navutitus, Vol. XVI, p. 98, pl. 3. Pm

2 Bull, Am. Pal., Vol. I, p. 49, pl. 1, fig. 20.

* There are less than fifty inhabitants (white) in Claiborne to-day.

ncet®A

a Rips righ

THE NAUTILUS. 99

THE BREEDING SEASON OF UNIONIDZ IN PENNSYLVANIA.

BY DR, A. E. ORTMANN.

(Concluded from page 95.)

~Symphynota viridis Conr. August 24, ’08, four gravid females

were found among a dozen specimens; of 35 specimens collected by

Dr. D. A. Atkinson on July 11, ’08, not a single one was gravid.

Symphynota costata Raf. Autumn (Lea, III, 42); March, Oc-

tober (Lea, zbid.). I found gravid specimens in April, May (latest

date, May 26), and then again in August (earliest date, August 9),

September, October. Numerous specimens were collected in June

and July, but none of them was gravid.

Symphynota complanata Barn. Autumn (Lea, III, ’42) ; March

(Lea, zbid.). Gravid females found on May 14, 708.

Alasmidonta undulata Say. - September and October (Lea, II,

38). Gravid females on July 18 and August 12.

Alasmidonta heterodon Lea. August, September (Lea, II, ’38);

May (Lea, X, ’63).

Alasmidonta marginata Say. October and December (Lea, II,

38). The western form was found gravid in August, September,

October. . Out of a number of specimens collected on June 5, 8 and

2% none was gravid. No dates at hand for July. The eastern form

was found gravid on August 13. The western form (= truncata

Wright = typical marginata Say) is hardly distinguishable from the

eastern (var. varicosa Lam.), see Pilsbry and Fox, NauTi.vs,

01, pp. 16 and 17).

Group B. SuMMER BREEDERS.

Some of the summer breeders (Unio, Pleurobema) have the outer

gills only serving as marsupium, in others (Quadru(a) all four gills

are supposed to assume this function in the breeding season. Yet in

many Quadrulas this condition is unknown, and, as we shall see be-

low, the arrangement of the species into genera will need revision

and correction. I enumerate the species here according to Simpson’s

Synopsis.

—_ Unio gibbosus Barn. Summer breeder (Sterki, 795); July, Aug-

ust (Lea, III, 42). I found gravid females of this common species

in June and July, and a single belated one on August 13.. Hun-

_—

100 THE NAUTILUS.

dreds of individuals were collected in April, May, August, Septem-

ber, October, but no gravid females were among them.

Unio crassidens Lam. Summer breeder (Sterki, 795). 1 collected

numerous specimens in July, August, September, October, but never

found a gravid female. I never had a chance to get this species

earlier in the season.

Unio complanatus Dillw. ‘ But once annually, from April-May

to July-August’ (Conner, 07); May (Lea, X, 63). I collected

this species only in the month of August, and consequently never

found it gravid.

Pleurobema clava Lam. July-August (Lea, III, ’42). Found

gravid on June 18 and July 10. Specimens collected on May 14

and in August, September and October were not gravid.

--~Pleurobema aesopus Green. Summer breeder (Sterki, ’95).

Gravid on July 8 and 138, ’08. Never found in the gravid state

during August, September, October, when many were collected.

Sterki (795) places this with the species, in which all four gills

are charged, and (Pr. Ohio Ac., 4, ’97, p. 391) with the genus

Quadrula. Yet according to my observations only the outer gills

serve as marsupium, and are distinguished at that time by a very

peculiar red color; already Lea (X, ’63, p. 432) enumerates this spe-

cies among those which have red eggs, but he saw them only in the

ovarium. Yet this ‘“‘red”’ of the gills is entirely different from that

of certain gravid species of Quadrula, being rather of a “lilac”? hue.

...Quadrula undulata Barn. Summer breeder (Sterki,’95). I col-

lected many specimens in August, September, October, but did not

find gravid females. The only one was found on July 3, ’08; it had

all four gills charged, which were whitish (not red).

Lea (X, ’63, p. 417) says that only the outer branchiz serve as

marsupium, while Sterki (’95) puts it in group B, where all four

branchiz are said to be charged.

Curiously enough, Sterki (’95, p. 98) places the closely allied U.

multiplicatus Lea (= Q. heros Say) with his group A (winter

breeders), giving the date November 1, and says that also the mar-

supium is of the type A (Lampsilis type). Since the latter has been

described and figured by Lea (VII, ’60, p. 122, pl. 30, f. 105), and

is distinctly of the Quadrula type, with all four gills charged, I believe

that we have to deal with a dapsus calami for U. multiradiatus Lea.

Quadrula lachrymosa Lea. May (Lea, III, ’42).

THE NAUTILUS. 101

~~~ Quadrula pustulosa Lea. Summer breeder (Sterki, ’95).

———Quadrula rubiginosa Lea. July-August (Lea, III, 42); June

(Baker, ’98). I found this species gravid on May 27, June 30,

July 3 and July 8. The marsupium corresponds to the account

given of it by various writers; it is formed by all four gills, which

are at that time deep red.

_.. Quadrula subrotunda Lea. Summer breeder (Sterki, ’95). Found

gravid July 3 and July 13. During late summer and fall no gravid

females were found, although many specimens were collected. All

four gills are charged and of deep red color.

—..Quadrula kirtlandiana Lea, One gravid female was found on

August 2, ’67, among hundreds of specimens collected ; all four gills

were charged, and red. Later in the season, in August, September,

October, no gravid females were seen.

~—Quadrula coccinea Conr. Found gravid on June 18, ’08 (Nes-

hannock Creek, McKean Co., collected by Mr. Dennis Dally on

June 22,’08. There were, altogether, about a dozen of them, and

in every case the marsupium did not agree with the type of the

genus Quadrula, for only the outer gills were charged in their whole

extent, and were whitish, ‘This would remove this species from the

genus Quadrula, and would place it with Pleurobema. (Baker, ’98,

p. 80, gives a description of the soft parts, and says “‘ four gills used

as marsupium,”’ but this may not be founded upon personal observa-

tion, but may have been inferred from the systematic position of the

species. )

Tritogonia tuberculata Barn. Gravid, according to Sterki (Nav-

TILuS, 21, 07, p. 48) on June 10, ’07, and marsupium formed by

all four gills. This would place the species with the genus Quadrula,

where it would group with Q. trapezotdes Lea. Since the specific

name is preoccupied in.this genus, and since none of the synonyms

are available, a new name should be found, and I propose here:

Quadrula tritogonta nov. nom. (I have discussed this point with

Dr. Sterki, and he is of the same opinion.)

Of the other species of Quadrula found in Western Pennsyl-

vania, Q. hippope@a Lea, cylindrica Say, metanevra Raf., cooperiana

Lea, obligua Lea, pyramidata Lea, tuberculata Raf., I have never

seen gravid females, and nothing is known about their marsupium

and breeding season.

The above observations on the breeding seasons of Pennsylvanian

102 THE NAUTILUS.

Unionidae fully bear out Sterki’s division into two groups: summer

and winter breeders. The breeding season of the summer breeders

is short (maximum hardly four months), while in the winter breed-

ers this season is prolonged, extending from late summer, through

the winter into spring. Yet it must be borne in mind that probably

in the single individual the breeding season does not fully occupy the

whole length of the term, since it has been repeatedly observed that

the embryos and ovisacs are discharged at various times, even in the

beginning of the winter.

In some species belonging to the group of winter breeders the

period of gravidity may be extremely long, so that the end of one

breeding season (in May, June, July) may overlap with the begin-

ning of the next (June, July, August), and such species may appear

to breed ‘all the year round.”” This has been hinted at already by

Sterki, and Conner gives the following instances: Lampsilis radiata

and Lampsilis nasuta. My own observations make this condition

probable in Lampsilis ventricosa and Lampsilis luteola. Yet in

others an “interim ”’ is very distinct in the early summer. This is

the normal condition, according to Sterki, and has been found to be

true for Anodonta cataracta by Conner, and by my observations it is

made more or less probable for Lampsilis igamentina, Ptychobranchus

phaseolus, Strophitus undulatus, Anodonta grandis, Anodontoides fer-

ussacianus, Symphynota compressa, Symphynota viridis, Symphynota

costata, Alasmidonta marginata. ,

These peculiar conditions may be explained by the following

assumption: Quadrula, with the four gills serving as marsupium, is,

in my opinion, the most primitive type of our Unionide. Next to it

stand Pleurobema and Unio, with only the outer gills serving as mar-

supium, but with the shell more or less resembling that of Quadrula.

These forms represent also the most primitive type of the breeding

season, which is short, and falls into the warm season. These forms

existed already at a time when a uniform warm climate prevailed.

At that time, possibly, the breeding season was not so restricted, but

at the present time it has become so, since only during a short period

of the year these old, primitive conditions prevail (in summer).

Forms like Unio and Quadrula actually go back to mesozoic times.

All other genera are more advanced. The group Alasmidonta,

Symphynota, Anodontoides, Anodonta, Strophitus (which is, accord-

ing to Sterki, characterized by a peculiar glochidium) resembles in

THE NAUTILUS. 103

the marsupium the Pleuwrobema-Unio type, but differs by a general

tendency to reduce the hinge teeth. Another group is formed by the

rest of the genera, in which the marsupium becomes very highly

specialized, more or less restricted to a part of the outer gills, and

where true ovisacs are developed. All these more advanced genera

originated probably at a time when seasonal changes of climate

existed already in our continent—in the tertiary—and the shorten-

ing of the warm period in summer possibly induced them to prolong

the breeding season, that is to say, to postpone the discharge of the

embryos to a more favorable time, namely, till the next spring.

This made necessary special adaptations for the carrying of the em-

bryos through the winter, and probably the ovisacs of the most

highly developed genera belong to these special adaptations. In

certain genera, ovisacs are not at all developed, and in Strophitus an

independent form (placenta). This lengthening of the breeding

season finally led to the merging of the end of the one of them into

the beginning of the next (known only in one of the most highly

specialized genera, Lampsilis), while in less specialized genera, in

Alasmidonta, Symphynota, Anodonta, also in Ptychobranchus and

some species of Lampsilis, an ‘interim ”’ in midsummer still exists.

I think this is a reasonable interpretation of the different types of

breeding season and their development, yet it is proposed here as a

mere theory, which should be substantiated by further investigations

on the marsupium and the breeding seasons of our Unionide.

MOLLUSKS FROM AROUND ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO.

BY H. A. PILSBRY AND J. H. FERRISS.

A considerable amount of work has been done on New Mexican

mollusks, and the numerous local lists published would make a good

showing for the Territory if compiled into one catalogue. The more

recent lists were based upon material collected by Professor T. D. A.

Cockerell and his pupils, and by Messrs. Joshua L. and Albert Baily,

Ferriss and Pilsbry. The records are to be found in NavuTiLvs, ix,

p-. 116; x, p. 42; xi, p. 69; xii, pp. 76, 131; xiii, pp. 18, 36, 49, 79;

xiv, pp. 9, 47, 72, 82, 85; xvi, pp. 57, 69, Mollusca of the South-

western States, I, II, etc.

104 THE NAUTILUS.

In 1906 we collected a few shells in the neighborhood of Albu

querque while waiting for trains.

The immediate environs of Albuquerque are barren of molluscan

life. Only along the Rio Grande the drift débris affords small shells,

the land forms probably washed down from the Sandia mountains,

which rise north of the city. A low ridge of black volcanic rock

frowning on the western horizon proved to be not worth the excur-

sion. We found only a few Pupoides marginatus there. The nearer

slopes of the Sandia mountains are also barren. A few small species

were found in the canyon beyond the Agricultural College. A much

richer fauna no doubt inhabits the higher slopes northward. Miss

Maud Ellis found twelve species in Las Huartus canyon, at 8000-

9000 feet elevation (NAUTILUS, xiv, 85).

The following forms were taken:

Helicodiscus eigenmanni arizonensis P. & F. Rio Grande drift;

Sandia Mts.

Vitrea indentata umbilicata Ckll. Sandia Mts.

Zonitoides arborea (Say). Sandia Mts.; Rio Grande drift débris.

Zonitoides minuscula (Binn.). Sandia Mts.; Rio Grande drift

débris.

Euconulus fulvus (Mill.). Sandia Mts.

Vallonia cyclophorella Anc.. Rio Grande drift débris.

Cochlicopa lubrica (Miill.). Sandia Mts.

Pupoides marginatus (Say). Rio Grande drift débris; volcanic

ridge about 5 miles west of Albuquerque.

Pupoides hordaceus (Gabb). Rio Grande drift.

Pupilla blandit Morse. Rio Grande drift.

Bifidaria procera (Gld.). Rio Grande drift.

Bifidaria procera cristata P. & V. Rio Grande drift.

Bifidaria pellucida hordeacella (Pils.). Rio Grande drift.

Bifidaria armifera (Say). Rio Grande drift.

Vertigo ovata Say. Rio Grande drift.

Lymnea bulimoides cockerelli P. & F. Rio Grande drift.

Planorbis trivolvis Say. Rio Grande drift.

Planorbis parvus Say. Rio Grande drift.

Valvata (humeralis Say?), one broken specimen. Rio Grande

drift.

THE NAUTILUS. 105

FOSSIL AND LIVING SHELLS FOUND IN LITTLE MUD LAKE, WESTMAN-

LAND, AROOSTOOK COUNTY, MAINE.

BY OLOF O. NYLANDER.

This small lake is located in the forest near the south line of

Westmanland Plantation, and is the headwater of Salmon Brook.

This little lake contains some interesting shells not found in the

county before. The deposit of dead shells (marl) is many feet in

thickness, and is chiefly composed of Pis¢dia.

The living shells are extremely rare in the lake, and those col-

lected came from small spring brooks at the north end of the lake.

Dr. V. Sterki has kindly examined all the Pisidia. I do not know

what the amateur collectors would do with these miserable little

shells without his assistance. The fossils collected are as follows:

Lymnea desidiosa Say. Common.

Planorbis campanulatus Say. Common.

Planorbis bicarinatus Say. A few young shells.

Planorbis hirsutus Gld. One specimen.

Planorbis parvus Say. Abundant.

Ancylus parallelus Hald. One specimen.

Valvata sp.? A variable species; some are nearly flat, others

have the apex extremely elevated, a large percentage are decollate

and the whorls are sometimes dislocated near the apex.

Mr. Bryant Walker has examined specimens and states: ‘ They

are extremely curious * * * I have never seen any like them before.

They are no doubt a form of V. sincera Say.”

Dr. W. H. Dall gives me the following information: ‘ They are

exactly like the depauperate form of V. lewisi Currier. * * * The

distortions are familiar to me as found in marl deposits, the water

becoming too much mineralized for the mollusks.”’

I made special efforts to obtain living specimens of this Valvata

during the two trips to the lake, but not one could be found.

Anodonta fragilis Lam. Fragments.

Spherium sulcatum Lam. A few valves.

Spharium rhomboideum Say. Common.

Musculium sp.? probably securis Prime. Small.

Pisidium variabile Prime.

¢ compressum Prime.

és affine Sterki.

106

THE NAUTILUS.

Pisidium mainense Sterki.

4c

ventricosum Prime.

costatum Sterki.

medianum var. minutum Sterki.

contortum Prime.

triangulare Sterki.

tenuissimum Sterki.

splendidulum Sterki.

splendidulum, a new var.—Sterki.

abditum ? or closely related to that species.

The following living shells were collected:

Planorbis trivolvis Say. Two specimens.

Planorbis parvus Say. ‘Three specimens.

Anodonta fragilis Lam. One specimen.

Musculium sp.? A small form, probably a new species.

Pisidium variabile Prime.

66

As additions to the Aroostook county shells, I might mention

Pisidium punctum var. simplex Sterki.

Woodland.

Pisidium milium Hald. is common in Gelot’s Lake, New Sweden.

ventricosum Prime.

subrotundum Sterki.

mainense Sterki.

medianum var. minutum Sterki.

splendidulum Sterki.

splendidulum, a new variety.—Sterki.

Rare and new to the county.

Caribou, Me.

REMARKS ON THE SUBFAMILIES HYRIINE AND UNIONINE.

A few facts having important bearing on the classification of the

Naiades, having come to notice, are herewith given to the readers of

NAvrivs.

Two species of the genus Pseudodon were obtained from Sowerby

and Fulton, showing beak sculpture.

BY L. S. FRIERSON.

heavy bars, more or less parallel with the growth-lines.

Dead water Caribou stream,

P. vondembuschiana Lea has a

somewhat doubly looped sculpture. The anterior loops curve upwards;

the posterior are straighter, sloping backwards and downwards.

P. walpolet has a sculpture much like that of the Cristarias, being

THE NAUTILUS. 107

The important fact revealed by these specimens shows that the

genus must be moved from the subfamily Hyriin@ and placed in the

subfamily Unionine.

Two species of Parreysia (P. corrugata, and P. wynegungaensis)

were received (numerous specimens) bearing eggs in all four gills, as

in Quadrula. That these shells would be found bearing ova in all

four gills was prophesied as being probable by Mr. Simpson (Synop-

sis, page 508).

The important bearing of this fact is that it proves that beak

sculpture and manner of carrying ova in the gills are not correlated.

In this connection Mr. C. T. Simpson wrote (in a letter) several

years ago that gravid animals of the group of Unio (Nodularia)

caffer Krauss proved to carry eggs in their outer gills, and thus

necessitated the moving of this group from the subfamily Hyriing,

genus Nodularia, to the subfamily Unionine, genus Unio.

But in the light of further knowledge we see that our definition

of the subfamily Hyriine (as differentiated from Unioning) must be

amended. We must choose between beak sculpture (‘radial versus

concentric’’) or marsupial characters (‘* Exobranchiz versus Endo-

branchiz ’’) in our definitions.

The judgment of the writer would be to drop the marsupial feature

and adhere to the beak sculpture, thus giving for our definition of

the subfamily Unionine: ‘‘ Essentially concentric beak sculpture,”

and for Hyrting: ‘‘ Essentially radial beak sculpture.” Thus

amended, the group of Nodularia caffer Krauss remains undisturbed,

as originally located by Mr. Simpson.

DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW AMERICAN PUPIDZE.

BY V. STERKI.

VERTIGO NYLANDERI DN. Sp.

Shell perforated, oblong, with a rather acute apex, of deep horn

color, pellucid; whorls 44-5, quite convex, with a deep suture, with

sub-regular, crowded striz (except the embryonal), the last occupy-

ing about one-half of the altitude, gradually narrowed towards the

aperture, which is small; peristome slightly everted, margin not

thickened; palatal wall with an indentation barely above its middle,

forming a well-marked sinus and sinulus; behind it a trace of a crest,

and behind that a long, deep furrow-like impression over the palatal

108 THE NAUTILUS.

folds, ascending obliquely from near the base; no callus within;

lamellz and plice 6; parietal rather long and curved; parallel with

it is a thin, lamelliform angular; columellar and inferior columellar

rather small, short, the latter near the base; palatals long, the lower

deep-seated, ending close to the beginning of the upper, one appear-

ing to be a continuation of the other.

Alt. 1.6, diam. 0.9 mm.

Soft parts not seen.

Woodland, Aroostook county, Maine, collected in 1896 by Mr.

Olof O. Nylander, in whose honor the species is named. I have two

specimens on hand, the types (No. 1075 of my collection of North

American Pupid@); a few more are in the collection of Mr. Nylander.

Ever since ’96 the form was regarded as distinct, but not published.

The two specimens are alike, mature and perfect, and cannot be

deformed ones of some other species. In appearance and surface

striz they are somewhat like V. gowldit Binn., but otherwise the

shell is quite different. In its shape, with the narrowed last whorl,

it somewhat resembles V. oscariana St., but the lamellz and plice

are very different.

BIFIDARIA CLAPPI N. Sp.

Shell glossy, colorless to milky-whitish, perforate, cylindrical in

the lower 38-4 whorls, conical or subconical above, with a rather

acute apex; whorls 64-74, the upper ones rather narrow, the lower

ones broader and less convex, the last moderately large, ascending

at the aperture, somewhat narrow but rounded at the base, slightly

flattened over the palate; surface shining, with slight irregular to sub-

regular strie; aperture nearly oval, margins approximate; peristome

everted, not thickened, but there is a slight to rather strong white

callus in the palate; lamelle and plic: parieto-angular distinctly

complex, rather long, moderately elevated, connecting with the peri-

stome near its outer upper terminus (much as in £B. armifera), the

spur’ of the parietal moderately large; columellar axial spiral, with

the lower end nearer the aperture, thicker and rather abrupt, or

somewhat bifurcate; ‘‘ basal” (inferior columellar) slight or wanting;

1In B. armifera and clappi, near the inner end of the parietal lam., there is a

process, or ‘‘spur,” outward, that is, towards the periphery, at nearly right

angles, smaller or larger, generally visible in front view. So far it has been

seen in no other species; but in B. contracta there is a protracted, curved part,

lower than the rest of the lam., and not visible in front view.

THE NAUTILUS. 109

upper and lower palatals regular, an interpalatal in many specimens;

suprapalatal wanting or quite small.

Alt. 3.5—-4 (rarely 3.2-3.4), diam. 1.9-2.1 mm.; aperture alt. 1.5,

diam. 1.2 mm.

Soft parts, seen only from one dried Alabama specimen, soaked,

very dark from copious, deep brown pigment. Jaw amber-colored,

strongly curved, rather broad, rounded at the ends, its surface with

numerous radial rib-striz; the line of the attachment of the tenacu-

lum strong.

Radula with 78 transverse rows of 27 (or 29) teeth, r+6+7 (8);

rachidian rather narrow, with a short mesodont and very small ecto-

donts (barely visible); laterals bicuspid, with the mesodont as long as

the plate, the ectodont about one-third as long; the outer posterior

angle of the plate raised, cusp-like; seventh and eighth with the

ectodont split in two, somewhat intermediate or ‘transition ”’ teeth;

marginals (9-13) serrate, with the mesodont rather long, thin; the

fourteenth a barely visible irregular transverse bar, or wanting. As

this is from a single specimen, there may be some variation. Other

parts could not be examined.

Habitat: Knoxville (various localities); eastern Tenn.; Fayette-

ville and Columbia, Tennessee; Gurley and Huntsville, Alabama;

Grand Rapids, Michigan; “ Ottawa, Illinois.” ?

The species shows little variation, except in altitude, with nearly

the same diameter, and such as are noted in the description. There

is no tendency towards having the peristome continuous. The types

are from Knoxville, Tenn., but almost any good specimen seen from

anywhere might be taken for a type.

B. clappi is remarkable for its resemblance to some forms of B.

armifera Say, for a variety of which it has been taken. Yet it is

quite distinct. Of over 150 specimens carefully compared with more

than 1500 armifera not one was found doubtful or intermediate.

The most tangible difference is in the shape of the columellar lamella.

The shell averages somewhat smaller, the apex is more acute, the

surface strie are finer and slighter, the lower palatal plica is always

1B. armifera shows considerable variation with respect to size and shape,

and in connection with it, in the shape of the columellar and lower palatal.

These differences mark two main forms, varieties at least, the shell of one of

them being more cylindrical aud more or less resembling clappi, but the colu-

mellar (and lower palatal) are always different.

110 THE NAUTILUS.

regular... When one is once familiar with the species it is easily rec-

ognized. There is no doubt that specimens are in various collections

as, and mixed with, armifera, and all such lots should be revised.

Specimens, as ‘‘Pupa armifera,’”’ were received in 1886-92 from

the late Mrs. Geo. Andrews, collected at Knoxville, Tenn., at vari-

ous places, marked: ‘‘ Garden,” “ The Thicket,” ‘‘ under stones,”

aggregating 58 armifera, 51 clappt. In a lot of 32 from drift on

the Duck river, Columbia, Tenn., sent by Prof. B. Shimek in 1892,

18 were armifera and 14 clappi; 5 specimens, of the latter only,

from ‘‘ Columbia, Tenn.,’’ were received from Mr. A. A. Hinkley in

1887. Lately Mr. Geo. H. Clapp was kind enough to send me all

his armifera for inspection; among them was a lot from “ Eastern

Tennessee,” all clappt; one from Gurley, Ala., the same; and one

from Huntsville, Ala., with 86 armifera and 1 clappi. The latter

two were collected by Mr. Herbert H. Smith. Mr. Bryant Walker

also kindly sent me his whole armifera material, 37 lots. Among

them were clappi from Fayetteville, Tenn., and Huntsville, Ala.,

and, much to my surprise, from Grand Rapids, Mich. Also in a lot

from ‘* Ottawa, Ill.,”’? which I owe to Mr. F. C. Baker, both species

were represented. It seems then that the distribution of B. clappt

is not only southeastern, as had been supposed, and it may be found

in other parts of the country also.

I take pleasure in naming the species in honor of Mr. Geo. H.

Clapp.

STRANGE SHELLS. One specimen: Umbilicate, cylindrical-tur-

riculate; whorls 6%, moderately convex, the last occupying nearly

one-half of the altitude; aperture higher than wide, somewhat like

that of Otonella lubrica except for the columellar part; peristome

straight, thin and sharp; no trace of lamellz and plice; colorless to

pale horn; shell thin, translucent; surface with fine, irregular striae;

alt. 4, diam. 2 mm.; aperture alt. 1.5, diam. 1 mm.; umbilicus round,

of about 0.5 mm. diam., and pervious into the preceding whorls.

From Rose Hill, near Buffalo, N. Y., collected and sent by Miss

E. L. Letson in a lot of Bifid. armifera Say, var. What is it? If

it came from a foreign country, or even from some unexplored part

of our own continent, one might be tempted to regard it is represent-

ing a n, sp., and even a new genus. But in all probability it is a

freak, or monstrous specimen of Bifid. armifera. This had been

written when IJ received, from Mr. Clapp, a somewhat corresponding

THE NAUTILUS. ti

specimen, from Gastonburg, Ala. It was plainly a B. armifera,

large, especially the last whorl, much larger than the penultimate,

evidently overgrown, with a very small and slight parietal lam. A

specimen, corresponding especially with the first-mentioned, of Bifid.

corticaria, from Jackson county, Ala., was received years ago from

Mr. H. E. Sargent. 3.1 mm. high; peristome straight and thin;

aperture without a trace of lamelle.

REV. A. B. KENDIG, D. D.

Dr. Amos B. Kendig, one of the best known Methodist clergymen

of New England, died January 20, 1909, at Brookline, Mass.

Dr. Kendig was born in Lancaster county, Penna., in 1830, re-

moving to lowa when a young man. He at first studied law, but

changed to the ministry, and was ordained in 1852. In the Civil

War he served for a time as chaplain of the 9th Iowa regiment.

In 1875 Dr. Kendig came to Boston and became pastor of the

Monument Square M. E. Church in Charlestown. Later he held

pastorates in Lynn, Worcester and Boston; then going to Brooklyn,

N. Y., East Orange, N. J., and New York City.

Dr. Kendig was known for his energy in all that he undertook.

He was a man of devout Christian character, and he brought to his

profession the courtesy and the manners of a gentleman of the old

school. A man of broad culture and sympathy, he took great inter-

est in scientific matters, and was a member of several learned soci-

eties. He took up the study of mineralogy at one time, aad made a

large and fine collection of minerals, which he presented to a college

in Iowa. Later he made a study of land shells of the world, built

up a large and valuable collection, and accumulated a library. In

1903 he decided to give up the study of shells, his collection going

to the Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

Dr. Kendig had many warm friends among conchologists. He is

survived by two daughters, Mrs. George F. Kellogg and Mrs. Silas

Peirce.

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ON THE BREEDING SEASONS OF THE

UNIONIDZ.

BY CHAS. H. CONNER.

Dr. A. E. Ortmann’s article, relative to the breeding seasons of

the Unionidae, will doubtless be received as an interesting and valu-

able contribution to the subject, and in order to extend its usefulness,

so far as my limited ability will permit, I beg to present a condensed

report of my observations, made from 1905 to 1908 inclusive. I, too,

have noticed some apparent variations in the breeding periods of

individuals, as also in the species, in different years. Possibly this

112 THE NAUTILUS.

difference may be due more or less to difference in the seasons

(weather) from year to year.

The facts already obtained have an important bearing on legislative

action already taken or contemplated for the protection and preser-

vation of our fresh-water mussels. Unlike the song and game birds

and the mammals, no close season will serve to protect all of the spe-

cies. The taking of all clams under the fully adult size must be pro-

hibited to prevent their extermination by pearl-hunters and button

manufacturers.

TABLE SHOWING GRAVID PERIODS OF THE UNIONIDZA.

The letter g indicates gravid individuals, m denoting that none

were found gravid, gn that some females examined were gravid, others

not gravid, either among specimens taken at the same time or in the

same month in different years.

J 4 mw 6st

eee ga|824

3 a = 3) aap a2 =|

Bee ess Fae Pee fee aD oes a Nees

Bae BS Ae es itt ee svete wee er

Skea l(t eet Ranlyogna

Anodonta cataracta Say. ...}| ¢ g gigngnnti{|n on gig g g

Anodonta implicata Say... .| g S.ve-«e Biioe) Visite =

Anodonta undulata Say. . .. Pie Hee g

Alasmidonta undulata Say. . . g

Alasmidonta varicosa Lamarck. g on

Lampsilis cariosus Say... . a ter ne pe ere eg il¢

Lampsilis ochraceus Say... for ¢

Lampsilis radiatus Gmélin . . Sie he @ eb o ee ae pede

Lampsilis ventricosus Barnes. . g

Lampsilis ligamentinus Lamarck. gg

Margaritana margaritifera L. «| n g ae n

Quadrula multiplicata. . g

Quadrula perplicata Conrad. n

Quadrula trapezoides Lea. . . n

Strophitus edentulus Say... . g

Symphynota viridis Coorad . . g

Unio complanatus Solander. .| n DB Re Sie gn a) Pp a a

Unio heterodon Lea... ... g

Unio nasutusSay ......-| 8 ¢¢!1¢@eeslenegegig ge

approxi-

Unio northamptonensis Lea. | st | eo

. compla-

natus.

Unio occidens Lea. . . . . g

Unio rectus Lamarck. . .. .

Anodonta footiana Lea... .

Anodonta subcylindraceus Lea .

Lampsilis superiorensis Marsh .

oS 08 OR OR

7 4

- om .

he) La '

“-

*. *SG i J “ay 2 ,/

THE NAUTILUS, XXII, PLATE VIII.

Biles,

t Y

We

1, 2,3, ASHMUNELLA KOCHII CLAPP. 4, BIFIDARIA CLAPP! STERKI.

5,6, HOLOSPIRA BARTSCHI P. & C. 7, BIFIDARIA BILAMELLATA

STERKI! & CLAPP.

THE NAUTILUS.

VoL. XXII. MARCH, 1909. No, De.

PISIDIUM IN MASSACHUSETTS.

BY REV. HENRY W. WINKLEY.

During the past two summers the writer has had opportunity to

collect in various places in Massachusetts, and Pis‘diwm has yielded

some good series. The species have just been determined by Dr.

Sterki, with the following results:

Dalton, in the Berkshire Hills—a brief visit in early spring—

yielded compressum and abditum.

Newton, Upper Falls, gave at one visit vartabile, aequilaterale,

pauperculum, affine and ferrugineum.

Woburn, in a small outlet to Horn Pond, had compressum, abdi-

tum and affine.

Concord, near the famous battlefield, shows variabile, abditum,

compressum.

Wareham is at the head of Buzzards Bay, almost on Cape Cod.

It is an important place in cranberry culture. Considerable mate-

rial was obtained from ditches in the cranberry bogs. The species

variabile and abditum both show local peculiarities; ferrugineum also

occurs in the bogs. <A trout brovk in the woods gave excellent sets

of variahile, with abditum quite rare.

The Agawam River at East Wareham is one of the richest col-

lecting grounds I know. Pisidium is not abundant, but is peculiar.

Dr. Sterki writes of vardabile: “ Rather different from the common

form, and representing a variety if found at other places,” another

form similar yet distinct.

Danvers, my present home, proves an excellent region for this

114 THE NAUTILUS.

genus. A few tiny brooks are teeming with fresh-water shells, and

the town has the following species: compressum, variabile, abditum,

ventricosum, ferrugineum succineum, neglectum, aequilaterale, ferru-

gineum and splendidulum, ‘for the first time seen in large numbers

from Massachusetts.”? A few forms not quite settled may show more

of interest. A more careful search next summer may gield even

more species from this interesting locality.

NOTES ON SHELLS COLLECTED AT BALSAS, GUERRERO, MEXICO, BY

MR. WALTER E. KOCH, IN DEC., 1908.

BY H. A. PILSBRY AND GEO. H. CLAPP.

These shells were found in the crevices of the limestone rocks

bordering the Rio Balsas, and the ravines leading to it, and about

1000 feet above the river, or at an altitude of 2000-8000 feet. No

living shells were seen, and limited time prevented a very thorough

search.

EUGLANDINA LIEBMANNI (Pfr.).

The specimens have the more minute sculpture very beautifully

developed, agreeing with Strebel’s account of the type specimen.

There is also a coarser form in some other localities, which seems to

be more abundant in collections.

PoLyGYRA MATERMONTANA Pils.

A series of eleven specimens shows great variation in size and

shape of the umbilicus, and better preserved examples might possibly

show the presence of more than one species in the lot. The extremes

in size are 7.3 mm. diam. with 5 whorls, and 11 mm. with 54 whorls.

OXyYsTYLA ZONIFERA (Strebel).

Typical examples of this well-marked species.

HoLOSPIRA BARTSCHI b. sp. PI. viii, figs. 5, 6.

The shell is white, imperforate, oblong, widest at the eighth or

ninth whorl, rapidly tapering to the last whorl; terminal cone short,

the apex mamillar. Two embryonic whorls smooth, gray, project-

ing, the first whorl wider than the second; following three whorls

THE NAUTILUS. 115

sculptured with slender riblets parted by wider intervals; the riblets

then become irregular and weaker; at and below the shoulder they

disappear, and the whorls are nearly smooth and flat to the last,

which is ribbed, the ribs rather strong but irregular on the last half

whorl, which is straightened, tapers to the well-rounded base, and is

very shortly produced forward beyond the preceding whorl. The

aperture is very shortly piriform, upper margin straightened with a

slight callus within near the outer angle; other margins well curved

and expanded. Internal axis rather wide throughout, widest above,

smooth, its walls slightly concave within each whorl. At the end of

the penultimate whorl there is a barely noticeable swelling of the

axis, hardly visible in some specimens, and with no superposed callus.

Length 14.8, greatest diam. 5.8 mm.; whorls 14.

Length 15, greatest diam. 5.9 mm.; whorls 14.

Length 18.25, greatest diam. 5.3 mm.; whorls 132.

The length is estimated, since all of the examples have the peri-

stome more or less broken basally. While very “top-heavy,” it is

less obese than H. imbricata v. Marts., which is strongly ribbed

throughout. No other species of similar shape has the same axial

structure. In having a large internal pillar, H. bartschi resembles

H. fusca vy. Marts. Neither species is a typical Haplocion, but they

agree with no other of the defined sections of Holospira.

This species is named for Mr. Paul Bartsch, author of an excel-

lent paper on Holospira and related genera.

HoLosPiIrRA GOLDMANI Bartsch.

One example, 13 x 5 mm., agrees well with a cotype of this spe-

cies, received from the National Museum through the courtesy of

Dr. Dall. A. gealei H. Ad., of which the internal structure is

unknown, may prove to be allied. It is not unlike goldmani exter-

nally, so far as can be gathered from Adams’ inadequate description.

A NEW SPECIES OF PHOLADOMYA.

BY WM. H. DALL.

The figured type of the genus Pholadomya Sowerby is the recent

P. candida Sow., from the island of Tortola in the West Indies,

described in 1823. A large number of fossil species are known, but

116 THE NAUTILUS.

during the eighty-four years which have elapsed since Sowerby

characterized the genus, only one more recent species which can

confidently be affirmed to belong to the typical section of the genus

has been described. This is the P. lovent Jeffreys, 1881. P. can-

dida has its hinge composed of a pair of nymphs sustaining the

external ligament, and in front of the nymphs a triangular area,

directly under the beaks, which supported an internal resilium, some

fibers of which still adhere to the specimen in the National Museum.

The anterior edge of the resiliifer is raised into a rib-like prominence,

which is what in descriptions of the genus is usually referred to as

an “obscure tooth.” It is not a tooth, but a reinforcement of the

pit or chondrophore. Not having a specimen for study in 1895, my

description of this hinge from figures (Trans. Wagner Inst., iii, p.

530) is to this extent inaccurate. It is true that Verrill in 1881,

and Locard in 1898, have described two bivalves under the names

of Pholadomya arata and P. africana (Fischer MS.), but these do

not belong to the typical section of the group and may belong in a

wholly distinct genus. They are wedge-shaped, truncate shells with

the chondrophore obsolete, and having an aspect which leads one to

doubt whether the resilium was developed at all in either of them.

Their soft parts are wholly unknown. It is therefore a matter of

especial interest that in recent work of the U. 8. S. Albatross in the

N. W. Pacific, Aug. 10, 1906, at station 4904, in 107 fathoms, a

right valve of Pholadomya was obtained, which I now propose to

describe.

PHOLADOMYA PACIFICA N. sp.

Shell resembling an unusually plump specimen of Mya arenaria

in general form, white, very thin, the beaks near the anterior third;

inner layer of the shell pearly; beaks low, slightly prosocoelous;

anterior margin of the valve evenly rounded, posterior a little

attenuated and with a slight gape but also rounded; hinge-line thin

with a short, narrow nymph, the chondrophore also narrow, directed

obliquely backward, under and nearly parallel with the nymph;

interior polished when fresh, the specimen rather dull, almost con-

cealing the pallial sinus, which is less deep than in P. candida. The

muscular impressions are obscure, but seem to agree with those of

hat species; exterior largely, finely granulose, like many Zhracvas,

sculptured with more or less evident lines of growth, and with abo

THE NAUTILUS. 117

nine low radial ridges, starting from the beak, near which there are

some intercalary ridges which become obsolete about the middle of

the disk; both ends of the shell are destitute of radial sculpture for

about one-fourth the total length; there is no defined dorsal area,

lunule or escutcheon. Length of valve 48; length behind the beak

30; height 34; height of beak above the hinge-line 2.5; (double)

diameter 26 mm. ‘The sparse radial sculpture in the middle of the

shell is almost exactly like that of P. candida, except that in the

latter there are obscure nodosities on the ridges and no intercalaries,

while both ends have obsolete radial lines. In one specimen of P.

candida there are eleven ridges. The sculpture of P. arata and

africana is quite different. The base of P. pacificu is gently arcu-

ate. The specimen is registered in the U. S. Nat. Mus. as No.

110,456. It may be added that the granulation of the surface in

P. candida is much less dense and conspicuous.

THE SHOWALTER COLLECTION.

BY HERBERC H. SMITH.

Every student of North American fresh-water shells is familiar

with the name of Dr. E. R. Showalter. He collected, probably,

three-fourths of the Alabama Pleuroceratide described by Lea, and

not a few of the Unionide; many of Anthony’s species came from

him, and he corresponded for years with Lewis, Hartman and other

eminent conchologists. Dr. Showalter resided at Uniontown, Perry

county, and afterwards at Point Clear, near Mobile, and he made

extended excursions to the Cahaba, Coosa and other rivers of the

Alabama system. His work, interrupted by the Civil War, was

taken up again about 1867, though not apparently with the same

enthusiasm. Until Aldrich took up the task, Showalter was almost

the only man in this rich field, and his specimens are scattered

through all our collections.

Few naturalists know that Dr. Showalter had a collection of his

own, and fewer still imagine that it is in existence. It had, in fact,

a narrow escape from destruction. After Dr. Showalter’s death the

shells were stored for years under his house at Point Clear. Like

118 THE NAUTILUS.

most southern houses, this is supported by corner pillars, the space

beneath being open to the winds and often to driving rains. Some

of the boxes rotted, specimens fell out and labels decayed; when at

length the collection became the property of the Alabama Geological

Survey, portions of it had literally to be scooped up with a shovel.

The condition was not encouraging, but such things always look worse

than they really are. No doubt some specimens and labels were

irretrievably lost, but by far the greater part of the collection was

saved intact, and for this we must thank the able director of the

Geological Survey, Dr. Eugene A. Smith. From the first he was

keenly alive to the value of the Showalter shells, but with the means

at his disposal he could do no more than preserve them from further

harm; this he has done conscientiously. For years the collection

has been stored in the State Museum at Tuscaloosa, but it could not

be made available to students.

Some months ago Mr. Bryant Walker asked me to examine the

Showalter collection and, if possible, catalogue the Unionida. Dr.

Smith placed the shells unreservedly in my hands and forwarded the

work by every possibly means; ultimately he asked me to arrange the

whole collection, and this I am now doing.

Later on I hope to give a more extended account of this historical

collection. It is much richer than I had imagined, and nearly all

can be saved to science. For the student of Alabama Pleuroceratide

its importance can hardly be overestimated; species which have been

among the rarest in our collections are here represented by hun-

dreds, sometimes thousands, of good specimens, and these, if not

exactly cotypes, are at least the lots from which types were taken.

Generally speaking, the shells are correctly labeled, far better than

Pleuroceratid@ in the majority of our cabinets. The Unionide and

land shells are also important. Dr. Showalter had a general collec-

tion of no great extent, and this will be useful for educational

purposes.

Every naturalist will be glad to know that the Showalter collection

can be saved, and that it will soon be housed in the new museum

building. The liberal character of Dr. Smith is a sufficient guar-

antee that the specimens will be available to every true student.

State University, Tuscaloosa, Ala., Feb, 9, 1909.

THE NAUTILUS. 119

RECORDS OF MINNESOTA MOLLUSKS.

BY L. E. DANIELS.

The month of July, 1905, I spent at various points in Minnesota,

and incidentally did some collecting of mollusca; and since there has

been so little published on the mollusca of Minnesota, I contribute

my mite.

The following is a complete list of my catch. At Thief River

Falls and White Earth Lake I collected several days; at the other

localities but a few hours, so that this list cannot be taken as a com-

plete fauna of either locality. At the time of my collecting, the

rivers and lakes were very high, which will account for the scarcity

of fluviatile species.

In order to shorten the names of the localities I will say that

Halma is in Marshall county; Anita and Thief River Falls in Red

Lake county; White Earth Lake in Becker county; Lake Harriett,

near Minneapolis, in Hennepin county; and Cannon Lake in Rice

county.

Polygyra multilineata (Say). Minneapolis.

Circinaria concava (Binn.). Minneapolis.

Vitrona limpida Gld. Thief River Falls.

Vitrea hammonis (Strom.). Thief River Falls, White Earth

Lake.

Vitrea binneyana (Morse). Thief River Falls, White Earth

Lake.

Euconulus fulvus (Miller). Thief River Falls, White Earth

Lake.

Euconulus chersinus polygyratus Pils. Thief River Falls, White

Earth Lake, Anita.

Zonitoides arborea (Say). Thief River Falls, White Earth

Lake.

Zonitoides minuscula (Binney). Thief River Falls,

Zonitoides milium (Morse). Thief River Falls, White Earth

Lake.

Pyramidula alternata (Say). White Earth Lake, Minneapolis.

Pyramidula cronkhitei anthonyi Pilsbry. White Earth Lake,

Cannon Lake, Anita.

Helicodiscus parallelus (Say). Thief River Falls, White Earth

Lake, Anita.

120 THE NAUTILUS.

Punctum pygmeum (Drap.). Thief River Falls.

Succinea retusa Lea. White Earth Lake, var. Thief River Falls.

Succinea ovalis Say. Thief River Falls, var. Minneapolis.

Succinea avara Say. Thief River Falls, Cannon Lake.

Succinea avara vermeta Say. White Earth Lake.

Strobilops virgo (Pils.). Thief River Falls, White Earth Lake.

Bifidaria contracta (Say). Thief River Falls, White Earth Lake.

Bifidaria pentodon (Say). Thief River Falls.

Bifidaria tuppaniana (C. B. Adams). White Earth Lake.

Bifidaria holzingert Sterki, White Earth Lake.

Cochlicopa lubrica (Miller). Thief River Falls. Also a form

which seems to be C. l. morseana Doherty.

Vallonia costata (Muller). Thief River Falls, White Earth Lake.

Carychium exile canadense Clapp. ‘Thief River Falls, White

Karth Lake.

Lampsilis luteola Lam. Thief River Falls.

Anodonta kennicotti Lea. Thief River Falls.

Unio gibbosus Barnes. Thief River Falls.

Quadrula lachrymosa Lea. Thief River Falls.

Spherium simile Say. Lake Harriett.

Spherium occidentale Prime. Thief River Falls.

Musculium jayanum Prime. Thief River Falls.

Pisidium sp. Thief River Falls.

Campeloma subsolidum Anthony. Mississippi River, Minneapolis.

Campeloma rufum Hald. Lake Harriett.

Campeloma milesii Lea. Thief River Falls.

Valvata sincera danielsi Walker. Cannon Lake.

Valvata tricarinata Say. Cannon Lake.

Valvata tricarinata simplex Gld. Cannon Lake.

Amnicola limosa Say. Var. Cannon Lake.

Physa ancillaria Say. Lake Harriett.

Physa gyrina Say. Lake Harriett.

Physa gyrina hildrethiana Lea. Thief River Falls.

Physa gyrina oleacea Tryon. White Earth Lake.

Aplexa hypnorum (Linn,). Thief River Falls, Halma.

Lymnea stagnalis appressa Say. ‘Thief River Falls, White Earth

Lake, Halma, Lake Harriett.

Lymnea stagnalis var. Lake Harriett.

Lymnea obrussa Say. Thief River Falls, Cannon Lake.

THE NAUTILUS. 121

Lymnea obrussa modicella Say. Thief River Falls,

Lymnea sterkit Baker. Thief River Falls.

Lymnex coperata Say. Thief River Falls, Anita.

Lymnea palustris Miller. Thief River Falls, Cannon Lake,

Halma, Anita.

Planorbis bicarinatus Say. Lake Harriett, Cannon Lake.

Planorbis trivolvis Say. Thief River Falls, Cannon Lake, Halma,

Lake Harriett.

Planorbis campanulatus Say. Thief River Falls, White Earth

Lake, Cannon Lake, Lake Harriett.

Planorbis hirsutus Gid. Cannon Lake.

Planorbis parvus Say. ‘'Vhief River Falls, Anita.

Segmentina armigera Say. Thief River Falls.

TWO NEW VARIETIES OF CYPREA FROM N. E. QUEENSLAND.

BY H. B. PRESTON.

Among a number of Cyprea from N. E. Queensland recently

received there occur two varieties, one of C. xanthodon Gray and

one of O. miliaris Gmel., which, though undoubtedly belonging to

these species, possess such marked varietal characters as to merit

notice. I therefore venture to describe them, as follows:

Cyprea xanthodon Gray, var. carnicolor, n. var.

Dorsal surface flesh-colored without bands, indistinctly freckled

with pale rusty-red; base white; posterior and median columellar

denticles red, anterior columellar denticles white; denticles on lip

pure white throughout; thinner and more piriform than the type;

the posterior extremity of the outer lip is more produced, while that

of the columellar lip is less so than in the typical form; moreover,

there is no dark blotch on the columellar anterior extremity of the

dorsal surface.

Alt. 24, diam. maj. 14 mm.

Hab.: N. E. Queensland.

The above has all the appearance of a deep-water shell.

Cyprea miliaris Gmel., var. nivea, n. var.

Differing from the typical form in having the dorsal surface

grayish-white, gradually shading to pure white towards the base,

122 THE NAUTILUS.

spotted indistinctly with numerous small white spots; there is scarcely

any sign of lateral punctation on the columellar side.

Alt. 35, diam. maj. 22 mm.

Hab.: N. E. Queensland.

NOTES.

PEARL-HUNTING IN THE Fox River, ILiinors.—Pearl-hunting

commenced in the Fox river this last summer. One or two pearls

were found by accident before. Now several tons of the shells have

been taken out, perhaps as much as ten tons. Many of the nearby

residents have done some hunting for sport, but two parties made a

business of pearl-fishing, and perhaps worked 90 days. They re-

ceived $1,800 for the pearls taken out. Two pearls were valued at

$600 each. Jewelers from New York city wrote toa firm in Aurora,

Ill., telling them to buy all the Fox river pearls they could get, as

they were of the finest quality. Thus the craze spread late in the

fall until, I am told, one could count fifty persons in sight hunting

clams. They worked until the law to protect clams during breeding

season went into effect.—L. A. Keenr, Waterman, Ill.

PLANORBIS BICARINATUS.—In order to complete the records of

distribution of Planorbis bicarinatus, records, preferably accompanied

by specimens, are desired from Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Florida,

Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, South Dakota, Wyoming,

Utah, Nevada, Arizona and California. The data obtained will be

published in Tue Navutitus.—Bryant WALKER, 205 Moffatt

Building, Detroit, Mich.

Dr. W. Hoyts, Director of the Manchester Museum, has been

appointed Director of the National Museum of Wales at Cardiff.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

PYRAMIDELLIDZ OF New ENGLAND AND ADJACENT REGION.

By Paul Bartsch (Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. 34, pp. 67-

113, pl. 11-14, 1909). An interesting and valuable paper giving in

detail the work done by various authors, followed by descriptions of

all the genera, subgenera and species. Under Pyramidella are

placed two subgenera—Hulimella and Syrnola. One new species,

THE NAUTILUS. 123

P. (Syrnola ?) winkleyt, is described from Branford, Conn. Turbo-

nilla is divided into five subgenera—Ptycheulimella, Chemnitzia,

Turbonilla, Strioturbonilla and Pyrgiscus. A new subspecies, 7.

(Strioturbonilla) bushiana abyssicola, is described from 1290-1537

fathoms off Martha’s Vineyard. 7. verrilli, vinee, branfordensis,

buteonis, winkleyi, senilis, sumnert, cascoensis, whiteavest and edward-

ensis of the subgenus Pyrgiscus are described as new; the last two are

from Prince Edward Island. 7. mighelsi is proposed for TJ. costu-

lata Verr. 1873 (non Risso 1826). Under Odostomia six subgenera

are recognized—Chrysallida, Evalina, Jolaea, Menestho, Odostomia

and Liostomia. The following are new: O. (Chrysallida) bushiana

and willisi, O. (Evalina) winkleyi, O. (lolaea) hendersoni, O. (Men-

estho) trifida bedegucnsis and bisuturalis ovilensis. O. morseana is

proposed in place of O. suleata Verr. 1880 (non A. Adams 1860).

The Pyramis striatula Couthouy forms the type of a new genus,

Couthouyella. There are excellent figures of nearly all the species.

WE UE

NATURAL History, ORGANIZATION AND LATE DEVELOPMENT

OF THE TEREDINIDZ OR SHIP-woRMS. By Charles P. Sigerfoos,

(Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, xxvii, pp. 193-231, pl. vii-

xxi.) Xylotrya gouldi, Teredo dilatata and 7. navalis from Beaufort,

N. C., have been investigated. TJ. navalis carries the eggs in the

gills, but in the other species they are laid free into and fertilized in

the water. In one case 7. dilatata was estimated to produce one

hundred million eggs. The egg develops into a typical small bivalve

having a swimming organ (velum). ‘Throughout the summer these

may be found crawling over wooden structures in search of favorable

crevices for attachment. Once attached by a single long byssus

thread, the larva loses the velum, scrapes away the surface of the

wood with the ventral edges of the shell-valves, and the foot develops

into a pestle-shaped organ which assists the shell in burrowing. On

the external surface of the valves at the anterior edges is formed the

first row of small teeth, which at this and later stages are the

mechanical agents by which the animal bores into the wood. This

transformation has taken place within two days from the time the

larva has settled, and afterwards the animal rapidly becomes an

elongate ship-worm. Evidence is given showing that the ship-worm

may reach a length of 4 feet and diameter of 1 inch in about one

year. The sexes are separate in adult ship-worms, but young indi-

viduals of X. gouldi are frequently hermaphroditic, in which case the

male cejls develop first. The anatomy is very fully described and

illustrated. This timely paper, a valuable addition to our knowl-

edge of Pelecypod morphology, can be obtained of the Bureau of

Fisheries. By Aak,

124 THE NAUTILUS.

DAVID W. FERGUSON.

The Brooklyn Conchological Club mourns the loss of its esteemed

member, Mr. David W. Ferguson, whose death occurred on Feb-

ruary 7th, in his 75th year.

Mr. Ferguson began collecting shells in his eighth year, continued

up to the time of his death, and became one of the most discrimi-

nating collectors in New York city. His knowledge of shells and

ability to recall names was remarkable. In his early life he enjoyed

the friendship of Bland and the elder Sowerby, and also of Dr. Jay,

Stuart, Steward, Constable and all the collectors in New York of the

last half of the 19th century. One of his most intimate friends in

later years was the late Sloman Rous, who described several unusual

species in his collection in THe NAvuTILUS some time ago. Mr.

G. B. Sowerby named a large white cone, Conus fergusonit, which

Mr. Ferguson had sent him for identification. It is a fine and dis-

tinct species.

Mr. Ferguson was also a collector of Indian relics, and at the

time of his death possessed a very large collection, all local to Long

Island and nearby New Jersey. The region where these were ob-

tained is now entirely built over, rendering the collection quite valu-

able at the present time.

DR. LORENZO G. YATES.

We regret to announce the death of Lorenzo Gordin Yates, of

Santa Barbara, California. Born in England, January 8, 1837, be

came to the United States in 1853. He taught in the public schools

of Wisconsin, and studied medicine and dentistry. Later, Dr. Yates

was on the staff of the Whitney Geological Survey of California.

He was especially interested in conchology, mineralogy and botany,

and published numerous papers on various zoological and botanical

subjects. His principal papers relating to conchology are: ‘* The

Mollusca of Santa Barbara County, California,” and ‘* New Shells

from the Santa Barbara Channel” (Bull. No. 2, Santa Barbara Soc.

Nat. Hist., 1890). A new variety of Helix carpentert from southern

California (NauriILus, vol. iv, pp. 51, 54, 1890), and other notes.

He was a fellow of the Linnzan Society of London, member of the

Southern California Academy of Sciences, of the Geological Society

of America, etc.

THE NAUTILUS.

VoL. XXII. APRIL, 1909. No. 12.

SOME NOTES ON CYPRZEA OF THE PACIFIC COAST.

BY WILLIAM HEALEY DALL.

In 1906-07 Senor Don Joaquin Gonzales Hidalgo published in

the Memorias of the Real Academia de Ciencias, Madrid, a useful

review of a monographic character, without figures, on the genus

Cyprea, in which the author includes Trivia.

In looking over the species of the west coast of America, and

referring to the above-mentioned paper, some questions were raised

in my mind, leading to the following notes being recorded.

CyPpR#A EXANTHEMA L. and var. cervinetta Kiener. Both the

typical form and the variety are found on both sides of the Isthmus

of Panama, and no constant differences seem to exist between

Atlantic and Pacific specimens, when a sufficiently large series is

compared.

CypR#ZA ROBERTSI Hidalgo, 1906. This name is proposed for

the well-known CO. punctulata Gray, 1824; not of Gmelin 1791.

CyPRHA ANNETT# Dall, n. nom. The name C. sowerbyi ap-

plied by Kiener in 1845, to a well-known West American species,

is pre-occupied by Anton (1839) and Gray (1832). Kiener figured

a worn specimen under the name of C. ferruginosa, a name which

had also been used by Gmelin, 1791, for another species. Sowerby

in the Conchological Illustrations (1837) referred the C. sowerbyi

Kiener, to the CO. zonata Lamarck, 1810; but the latter, though

allied, is distinct and comes from the African coast. I may note

126 THE NAUTILUS.

already been named C. zonaria by Gmelin (1791). Our shell being

nameless, I propose to call it C. annettae.

CYPRHZA CAPUT-DRACONIS Melvill, lives on the reefs at Easter

Island and the locality “« Hong Kong” is probably erroneous.

CYPRHA MEXIOANA Stearns, is omitted by Hidalgo.

TRIVIA CALIFORNIANA Gray, (1828) was inaccurately mono-

graphed by Reeve under the name of 7. californica ; which, having

been inadvertently adopted in Carpenter’s British Association re-

ports, has been more or less commonly in use ever since.

TRIVIA COsTISPUNCTATA Gaskoin, 1870, reported from Cali-

fornia, if correctly located, is probably only a mutation of 7. radians

Lamarck.

TRIVIA SOLANDRI Gray, and Cypr#A SPADICEA Swainson, are

reported from Vancouver Island by Hidalgo, but his authority was

doubtless inaccurate, as neither species is known north of latitude

34° 30’ N., and even 7. californiana is not yet reported north of

Bodega Bay in latitude 38° 15’.

It is much to be desired that Californian naturalists will deter-

mine from the living animals whether the important differences

stated to exist between Trivia and Cyprea are really as stated;

since, if confirmed, the two genera can hardly be retained in the

same family.

Erato is not included in Hidalgo’s lists, though so closely related

to Trivia; but I may add tkat since describing Z. albescens in 1905

(NAUTILUS, xvili, p. 124) the details of the station have come to

hand and it seems that the type specimen was dredged in 30-41

fathoms, sand, off the western Santa Barbara Islands, California.

BIFIDARIA BILAMELLATA STERKI AND CLAPP, N. SP.

BY V. STERKI.

Shell small, slender, cylindrical or slightly attenuated above, with

an obtusish apex, perforate; whorls 54, subequal, the apical ones

comparatively large; colorless to pale or reddish-horn,’ transparent;

surface shining, with very fine, crowded, subregular striz, on the

apex microscopically rugulose; the last whorl ascending above, some-

what flattened at the base close to the aperture, keel-like further

1So far as can be seen from drift specimens.

THE NAUTILUS. 127

back, somewhat flattened over the palate, with a slight to strong, not

sharp, crest behind the margin, with two spiral impressions, one over

the lower palatal and another near the base; aperture broadly ellip-

tical to almost circular, peristome continuous or its ends closely

approximate and connected by a raised callus, well everted, with a

slight to rather strong lip thickening; lamelle and plice, parietal and

angular, well differentiated, connected, large, the angular connecting

with the peristome; columellar complex, with a lower axial and an

upper horizontal part, ** basal’’ a short, transverse lamella, rather

abrupt; lower palatal far remote from the margin, but visible in front

view, rather long, lamellar, thin, upper palatal somewhat less deep-

seated, close to the lower, somewhat oblique, shorter.

Alt. 2-2.4, average 2.2, diam. 0.9 mm.; aperture alt. 0.8 mm.

Soft parts not seen.

Habitat: Foothills of Plumosa Range, about 8 miles east of

Quartzsite, Yuma county, Arizona, in drift, in company with B.

hordeacella Pils. and B. tuba intuscostata Clapp, discovered by Mr.

Geo. H. Clapp, who states that the ratio of belamellata and horde-

acella, in the drift, was almost exactly 1:16. Large numbers of

both species were found.

B. bilamellata is very distinct and different from all other Bifi-

daria. At first sight it might be taken for hordeacella for its size

and shape, but a glance at the aperture is sufficient to recognize it,

and also the posterior aspect is different. With respect to the peri-

stome it approaches B. ashmunt; the parieto-angular lamella is of the

same formation, and the palatal plice are similar but not so deep-

seated; the ‘‘ basal’’ is the same as in B. dalliana. The n, sp. is

very interesting by the combination of features of apparently widely

different species, and appears to be intermediate between two groups.

EXPLANATION OF Piate VIII.

Figs. 1, 2, 3. Ashmunella kochit Clapp. Type, No. 5765, coll.

G. H. Clapp. Description on p. 77.

Fig. 4. Bifidaria clappi Sterki. Cotype, Knoxville, Tenn., No.

98279, A. N.S. P. Description on p. 108.

Figs. 5, 6. Holospira bartschi P.& C. Two cotypes, coll. A. N.

S. P. and G. H. Clapp. Description on p. 114.

Fig. 7. Bifidaria bilamellata Sterki & Clapp. Front view of a

cotype, No. 98268, A. N.S. P. Description on p. 126.

128 THE NAUTILUS.

A SICILIAN COLLECTION.

BY MAXWELL SMITH.

During February and March, 1908, it was my good fortune to

spend nearly fifty days on the island of Sicily, and I improved every

opportunity which presented itself for mollusk hunting.

Soon after my arrival in Palermo I called upon the Marquis de

Monterosato, and obtained from him much valuable information in

regard to localities of Sicilian shells. I also viewed his unrivaled

collection of Mediterranean shells, which is especially rich in Sicilian

species.

After a few weeks in Palermo the following towns were visited in

the order named—Girgenti, Siracuse, Taormina and Messina. Ex-

cursions were made from each, but at no time were shells taken

more than twelve miles from the sea. From the above will be no-

ticed that the northern, southern and eastern coasts were visited; but

the interior and western mountains were untouched. The mountains

in the west are exceedingly rich in peculiar species, including the

most striking of the latticed Clausilia. Each mountain and plain on

the island contains its own species or group of species,

Monte Pellegrino, above Palermo, supports a rich snail fauna.

The mountain is largely composed of perforated limestone, in the re-

cesses of which a large proportion of the land mollusca live. At the

base of Pellegrino in the grass live Helix hamilearis Kobelt. Under

stones at the base of the cliffs Merussacia folliculus Gron. Half way

up the trail Helix mazzulli Jan. and Helix sicana Fer. first appear

and extend nearly to the summit. Within a hundred feet of the

summit Clausilia grohmanniana Phil., which was rare below, I

found in comparative abundance. Near the signal station on the

top Helix macrostoma Muhlf., one of the few Sicilian Oampyleas,

was discovered in crevices of the rock. ‘Thus these species appa-

rently prefer various elevations above the sea.

The most remunerative season for terrestrial mollusks in Sicily is

during November and December, when the rainy season is usually

at its height. At this time every wall is said to teem with shell life.

But as 1 found at Girgenti even the dry season is not unpopular with

land mollusca. On the first limb of a single almond tree I counted

no less than two hundred and fifty specimens of Helix. The opercu-

THE NAUTILUS. 129

lates though avoid the direct rays of the sun, living under boulders

among the ruins. Siracusan land shells adapt themselves to the dry

surroundings by living at the edge of the cliffs overhanging the sea.

Upon reaching Taormina aud the base of Etna, I was surprised to

find the terrestrial mollusca reduced to a minority. The country

here reaches the wildest form, deep crevices and small canyons in-

tersect the mountains and the vegetation is luxurious in early spring.

The scarcity of land mollusca is accounted for in the prevalence of

lava instead of limestone formations, which are so characteristic of

the rest of Sicily.

In the vicinity of Taormina a few small permanent streams were

explored. In these, under stones, in swiftly running water, two

species of Ancylus were collected. The fresh-water genera are not

well represented on the island; but near Siracuse the Anapo, a small

permanent river, supports a few peculiar species. Many of the Sici-

lian streams after heavy rains are raging torrents, which, under nor-

mal conditions, run underground or in the dry season cease. The

absence of mud is also unfavorable for molluscan life. The Anapo

rises in a pool of considerable depth, is uniform in width throughout,

and after many windings empties into the Bay of Siracuse a few

miles below its source. Its banks are lined with papyrus, on the

roots of which Amnicola, Bithinia and other small genera live. Of

the lakes in the south I visited none, partly because of their inacces-

sible location, but particularly on account of their unhealthiness

The fauna of each is in the main peculiar, if we include extreme

variations.

Romagnala, a small town near Palermo, was found an excellent

station for marine species. Facing the open sea, the shore combines

sand and algae-covered rocks. Over sixty species were secured in a

few hours after a storm, the small species in fresh condition and the

larger often containing the animal. Two days later the sand had

covered the rocks, and it was with difficulty that ten species were

secured. At Siracuse the bay yielded a few marine, and the rocky

coast many genera not found at Palermo. Oyprea lurida L. and

Fusus syracusana L. are seldom found near shore at Siracuse, but

are frequently brought in by the fishermen. The violence of the surf,

combined with the absence of drift on the beaches at Taormina,

prevented frequent collecting. Argonauta argo L. and Calliostoma

conulus L. occurred, which were not noticed in the north. Being in

130 THE NAUTILUS.

close proximity with the Straits of Messina, a number of shells com-

mon at Messina were found at Taormina and Giardine.

At Messina there is an excellent market, in which at 5 a. m. each

morning a surprising variety of fish are offered for sale. The early

start required is amply repaid. The octopus, Polypus vulgaris L., is

considered as an especial delicacy as food, both in Sicily and Italy.

In preparing the following list I have determined, for condensa-

tion, to omit separate annotations. For convenience I have arranged

the Helices in alphabetical order, excepting Leucochroa.

For the identifications I am indebted to Marquis Monterosato, Mr.

C. Payton Gwyer, Mr. E. A. Smith, of the British Museum, and for

difficult fresh-water species to Mr. Bryant Walker. The Malacolog-

ical Laboratory, Paris, has also given free use of its valuable library.

Argonauta argo L. Taormina.

Sepia officinalis L. Taormina, Palermo.

Poiretia algira Brug. ‘Taormina, Girgenti.

Daudebardia brevipes Drap. Palermo.

Hyalinia suburbana Mont. Palermo.

Vitrea hydatina Rossm. Palermo.

Leucochroa candidissima Drap. Girgenti.

Helix acuta L., apicina Lam., conica Dr., conoidea Dr., muralis

Miill., pisana Mull., squalida Monts. Siracuse.

Helix agrigantina Ad. Girgenti.

Helix andromica Monts. Taormina.

Helix gregaria Ziegl., moesta Parr. Palermo.

Helix aperta Born, hamilcaris Kob., macrostoma, mazzuli Jan.,

sicana Fér., variabilis Drap., vermiculata Mull. Monte Pellegrino.

Helix florida Ziegl., ingoi Cafici.

Ena pupa Brug. Girgenti, Palermo.

Pupa avenacea Brug., P. philippii, Cantr. ‘Taormina.

Clausilia agrigantina Brug. Girgenti.

Clausilia affinis Ph., C. affinis Ph. var. taurominica Monts.

Taormina.

Clausilia familiaris Monts., C. grohmanniana Phil. Monte Pel-

ligrino.

Clausilia septemplicata Phil. Monreale.

Clausilia syracusana Phil. Siracuse.

Rumina decollata Linn. Well distributed.

Ferussacia folliculus Gron. Monte Pelligrino.

THE NAUTILUS. 131

Ferussacia vescoi Bgt. Girgenti.

Succinea megalonyxia Bourg. Siracuse.

Succinea pfeifferi Ross. Palermo.

Alexia myosotis Drap. Siracuse.

Ancylus costulatus Kust. Sigone River near Taormina.

Ancylus striatus Q. & G. Above Letojanni near Taormina.

Lymneza benoiti Bourg., L. palustris Mill. var. anapensis Monts.

Anapo, Siracuse.

Lymneza truncatula Mull. Palermo.

Planorbis cristatus L. Mondello near Palermo.

Planorbis subangulatus Phil. Siracuse.

Physa cyanea Pirajno. Anapo, Siracuse.

Gadinia garnoti Payr. Romagnola.

Actaeon tornatilis L. Bay of Siracuse.

Bulla striata Brug. Romagnola.

Haminea navicula globosa Jeff. Siracuse.

Philine aperta L. Siracuse.

Conus mediterranea Hw. Siracuse, Romagnola.

Mangilia attenuata Monts. Romagnola.

Marginella miliaria L. Romagnola.

Marginella philippii Monts. Siracuse.

Mitra ebenus Lamk. Romagnola, Siracuse.

Fusus pulchellus Phil. Romagnola, Siracuse.

Fusus syracusanus L. Siracuse.

Latirus lignarius L. Siracuse.

Tritonidea orbignyi Payr. Romagnola.

Euthria cornea L. Romagnola.

Nassa cornicula Oliv. Romagnola.

Nassa costulata Ren. var. flavida Monts. Romagnola.

Nassa cuvieri Payr. . Romagnola.

Nassa reticulata Lamk. var. nitida Jeff. Siracuse.

Cyclonassa neritea L. Siracuse.

Columbella rustica L., C. scripta L. Romagnola.

Murex brandaris L. Palermo, Siracuse.

Murex edwardsi Payr., trunculus L. Romagnola, Siracuse.

Murex trunculus L. var. portulana Monts. Palermo.

Typhis tetrapterus Bronn. Romagnola.

Lachesis mamillata Risso. Romagnola.

Purpura haemastoma L. Romagnola.

132 THE NAUTILUS.

Lotorium cutaceum L. Palermo.

Lotorium reticulatum Beek. Romagnola.

Cassis sulcosa Brug. Siracuse.

Morio echinophora L. Siracuse.

Cyprea lurida L. Siracuse.

Cyprea pyrum L. Palermo.

Cyprea spurea L. Near Taormina.

Trivia europea Monts., T. pulex Sol. Romagnola.

Chenopus pespelicani L. Messina, Siracuse.

Triforis perversus L. Romagnola.

Cerithium mediterraneum Desh. Romagnola.

Cerithium mediteranneum Desh. var.,C. vulgatum Brug. Siracuse.

Bittium lacteum Phil. Romagnola.

Vermetus subcancellatus Bivon, V. subdentatus. Romagnola.

Turritella communis Risso. Siracuse.

Littorina obtusata L. var. neritoides L. Siracuse.

Rissoa cimex L. var. turrita Monts., R. monodonta Biv., R. subcos-

tulata Schw. Romagnola.

Rissoa venusta Phil. Siracuse.

Rissoina bruguieri Payr. Romagnola.

Amnicola subcarinata Monts. Anapo, Siracuse.

Bithinia anapensis Benoit. Anapo, Siracuse.

Cyclostoma elegans Mull. var. villicum Monts. Monreale, Pal-

ermo, Siracuse, Taormina.

Cyclostoma siculum Sowb. = costulatum Ziegl. Girgenti.

Pomatias paladilhianus 8. Simon. Monte Pelligrino.

Natica millepunctata Lamk. Romagnola, Tamorina.

Natica josephine Risso. Romagnola.

Scala communis Lamk. Romagnola, Siracuse.

Odostomia polita Bivon. Romagnola.

Eulima boscii Payr. Romagnola, Siracuse.

Neritina fluviatilis L. Anapo, Siracuse.

Neritina meridionalis Phil. Siracuse.

Neritina viridis L. Romagnola.

Phasianella pulla L. Romagnola.

Phasianella punctata Mich. Siracuse.

Leptothyra sanguinea L. Siracuse.

Astralium rugosum L. ‘Taormina.

Trochus turbinatus Born. Romagnola.

THE NAUTILUS. 133

Clanculus cruciatus L. var. rosea Monts. Siracuse.

Monodonta articulata Lamk. Siracuse.

Gibbula adansoni Payr. Siracuse.

Gibbula divaricata L. Romagnola.

Calliostoma conulus L. Messina, Taormina.

Calliostoma depictum Desh., C. laugieri Payr. Romagnola.

Haliotis lamellosa Lamk. Siracuse, Taormina.

Fissurella gibberula Lamk., F. greca Lamk., F. litoralis Monts.,

F. neglecta Resh., F. nubecula L. Romagnola.

Emarginula solidula Costa. Taormina.

Patella cerulea L. Messina, Romagnola.

Patella lusitanica Gm. Siracuse.

Ischnochiton polii Phil. Romagnola.

Dentalium novemcostatum Lamk. Romagnola.

Ostrea edulis L. Palermo, Taormina.

Anomia ephippium L. Taormina.

Spondylus gederopus Lamk. Palermo.

Chlamys multistriatus Poli, C. pes-felis L. Taormina.

Chlamys sulcatus Born. Siracuse.

Chlamys varius L. Palermo.

Lima inflata Chem. Palermo.

Mytilus edulis L. Taormina.

Modiola barbata Lamk. Romagnola.

Arca barbata L., A. lactea L., A. noae L. Romagnola.

Unio requieni Lamk. Anapo, Siracuse.

Cardita calyculata Lamk. Taormina.

Cardium aculeatum L., C. paucicostatum Sowb. Siracuse.

Cardium tuberculatum L. var. Romagnola.

Chama gryphoides L, Romagnola.

Tapes beudanti Payr., T. geographica Gm. Romagnola.

Venus gallina L. Siracuse.

Venerupis iris L. Romagnola.

Donax trunculus L. Romagnola.

Solen vaginoides Lamk. Siracuse.

Mactra corallina L. Mondello.

Lucina lactea L. Messina.

Lucina desmoresti Par. Romagnola.

Tellina tenuis Da Costa. Siracuse.

Gastrana fragilis L. Romagnola.

Solemya mediterranea Lamk. Romagnola.

134 THE NAUTILUS.

DREDGING OFF SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA.

BY C. W. GRIPP.

During the summer of 1908 the writer made a dredging trip out-

side of the entrance to San Diego harbor, dredging in from 15 to 60

fathoms of water. The following list includes all the species obtained

and also a few deep-water species secured from fishermen. This

locality is very rich in molluscan life, especially in smaller forms.

Including the Opisthobranchs my list of San Diego shells contains

over 600 species and varieties. I am greatly indebted to Dr. Wil-

liam H. Dall, Mr. Paul Bartsch and Prof. F. W. Kelsey for assist-

ance in determining doubtful species.

Murex californicus Hds. Erato vittellina Hds.

«< _carpenteri Dall. Marginella jewettii Cpr.

‘‘ incisus Brod. ee regularis Cpr.

‘< santarosana Dall.’ 4 varia Sby.

Ocinebra foveolata Hds.

Ocinebra interfossa Cpr.

Olivella biplicata Sby.

Olivella pedroana Conr.

Ocinebra interfossa muricata Columbella carinata Hds.

Cpr. e chrysalloidea Cpr.

Ocinebra interfossa atropurpurea is gouldii Cpr.

Cpr. a: guasapata Gld.

Cuma muricata Hds. ) hindsi Rve.

Trophon belcheri Hds. * tuberosa Cpr.

Trophon triangulatus Cpr.

Fusus kobelti Dall.

Gyrineum californicum Hds.

Chrysodomus aphelus Dall.

Chrysodomus kellettii Fbs.

Nassa cooperi Ibs.

“ fossata Gld.

“« insculpta Cpr.

‘6 =mendica Gld.

“« perpinguis Hds.

Mitra lowei Dall.

Mitra maura Swains.

Erato columbella Mke.

Engina carbonaria Rve.

Amphissa corrugata Rve.

Amphissa versicolor Rve.

Myurella simplex Cpr.

Cancellaria cooperi Gabb.

Cancellaria crawfordiana Dall.

Pleurotoma carpenteriana Gabb.

Pleurotoma perversa Gabb.

Pleurotoma montereyensis

Stearns.

Pleurotoma santarosana Dall.

Pleurotoma stearnsiana Ray-

mond.

1 Six or seven specimens at 17 tathoms,

THE NAUTILUS.

Pleurotoma tryoniana G abb.’?

Turris (Surcula) halcyonis Dall.

Drillia empyrosia Dall.

Bela grippi Dall n. sp.°

Mitromorpha aspera Cpr.

Cythara cranneri Arnold.

Mangelia angulata Cpr.

«“ — fuscoligata Cpr.

“ hamata Cpr.

“s merita, Gld.

« sculpturata Dall.

“ striosa C. B. Ad.

“<svariegata Cpr.

Conus californicus Hds.

Trivia solandri Gray.

Trivia californica Gray.

Ovula spelta Lam.‘

Polinices lewisii Gld.

Polinices recluziana Desh.

Lamellaria stearnsiana Dall.

Macromphalina californica Dall.

Crepidula aculeata Gmel.

" adunca Sby.

ss dorsata Brod.

Crepidula navicelloides Nutt.

In aperture of Polynices.

Crepidula onyx Sby. On Pom-

aulax undosus. _

Capulus californicus Dall.

Pecten diegensis.

Amalthea tumens Cpr.

On

2One young shell in dredge.

Ten specimens at 17 fathoms.

135

Scala bellastriata Cpr.

“ cataline Dall.

‘© hindsi Cpr.

‘© lowei Dall.

‘‘ retiporosa Cpr.

‘‘ sarvinae Dall.

Turritella cooperi Cpr.

Mesalia californica Dall.

Mesalia tennisculpta Cpr.

Vermicularia fewkesi Yates.

Cecum californicum Dall.

“ regulare Cpr.

Eulima bistorta Van.

‘< micans Cpr.

‘ rutila Cpr.

‘¢ thersites Cpr.

Liostraca varians Sby.®

Turbonilla castanea Cpr.

eschscholtzi D. & B.

" kelseyi D. & B.

a laminata Cpr.

. oldroydi D. & B.

_ painei D. & B.

es tenuicula Gid.

6 torquata Gld.

i tridentata Cpr.

Odostomia americana D. & B.

66 amianta D. & B.

Specimens 90 mm. in length from fishermen.

*Three large specimens at 18 fathoms, new to the Pacific Coast.

64 beautiful little brown shell polished like a Hulima, which it resembles.

Eight specimens dredged at 18 fathoms, new to the California coast.

136

Odostomia astricta D. & B.

: avellana Cpr.

:s delmontensis Bartsch,

$s gouldi Cpr.

“ helga D. & B.

nuciformis Cpr.

i straminea Cpr.

Odostomia straminea grippi D.

& B. on Haliotis assimilis Dall.

Odostomia straminea insculpta

Cpr.

Odostomia valdezi D. & B.

Odostomia virginalis D. &. B.

Pyramidella conica Cpr.

Lacuna unifasciata Cpr.

Fossarus fenestratus Cpr.

Fossarus obtusus Cpr.

Alabina californica Dall.

Bittium asperum Cpr.

‘; armillatum Cpr.

‘6 esuriens Cpr.

“¢ _ interfossa Cpr.

‘¢s quadrifilatum Cpr.

Seila assimilis C. B. Ad.

Cerithiopsis metaxz Chiaje.

Cerithiopsis tuberculata Mont.

Triforis adversa Mont.

Rissoina bakeri D. & B.

Rissoina kelseyi Dall.

Barleeia subtennis Cpr.

Rissoa grippiana Dall.

Rissoa reticulata Cpr.

Liotia acuticostata Cpr.

Liotia fenestrata Cpr.

Phasianella compta Gld.

Phasianella pulloides Cpr.

6 Four live specimens found on rocks hauled up in the dredge.

THE NAUTILUS.

EKulithidium cyclostoma Cpr.

EKulithidium substriatum Cpr.

Pachypoma inzquale Mart.

Pomaulax undosus Wood.

Chlorostoma aureotinctum Fbs.

Chlorostoma pulligo Mart.

Gibbula parcipicta Cpr.

Gibbula optabilis Cpr.

Leptothyra carpenteri Pils.

Leptothyra bacula Cpr.

Turcica caffea Gabb.

Halistyluspupoides Dall.

Halistylus subpupoides Tryon.

Vitrinella complanata Cpr.

Vitrinella subplana Cpr.

Norrisia norrisii Sby.

Calliostoma gemmulatum Cpr.

Calliostoma gloriosum Dall.

Calliostoma canaliculatum par-

vum Williamson.

Calliostoma supragranosum Cpr.

Calliostoma tricolor Gabb.

Calliostoma turbinum Dall.

Haliotis assimilis Dall.

Haliotis rufescens Swains.

Fissuridea aspera Esch.

Puncturella cooperi Cpr.

Puncturella cucullata Gld.

Emarginula bella Gabb.

Lepidopleurus (Oldroydia) per-

crassus Dall.

Cheetopleura gemmea Cpr.

Callistochiton crassicostatus Pils,

Ischnochiton clathratus Rve.

Ischnochiton cooperi acutior

Cpr.

Of H. rufes-

cens I got one specimen attached to lobster trap.

THE NAUTILUS.

Acteon punctocelatus Cpr.

Tornatina cerealis Gld.

uf culcitella Gld.

o harpa Dall.

ec inculta Gld.

as planata Cpr.

Volvula cylindrica Cpr.

Cylichna attonsa Cpr.

Bulla quoyi Auct.

Cadulus quadrifissatus Cpr.

Cadulus nitentior Cpr.

Dentalium neohexagonum Pils,

Dentalium vallicolens Raymond.

Siliqua lucida Conr.

Corbula luteola Cpr.

Corbula luteola rosea Williamson

Periploma discus Stearns

Lyonsia californica Conr.

“inflata Conr.

“ nitida Gld.

Mactra dolabriformis Conr.

Spisula hemphillii Dall.

Semele pulchra Sby.

Semele rubropicta Dall.

Cooperella subdiaphana Cpr.

Rochefortia tumida Cpr.

Tellina bodegensis Hds.

‘6 buttoni Dall.

‘« _carpenteri Dall.

“= ide Dall.

‘« santarosana Dall.

Several young specimens dredged.

large and beautiful specimens.

unguicula.

137

Venerupis lamellifera Conr.

Psephidea ovalis Dall.

Psephidea salmonea Cpr.

Paphia tenuissima Cpr.

Cardium substriatum Conr. »

Cardium quadrigenarium Conr.

Protocardia centifilosa Cpr.

Phacoides annulata Rve.

Phacoides approximatus Dall.

Serridens oblonga Cpr.

Crassinella varians C. B. Ad.

Cardita subquadrata Cpr.

Milneria minima Dall.

Venericardia ventricosa Gld.

Nucula castrensis Hds.

Leda cuneata Hanl.

‘¢ hamata Cpr

Arca solida Sby.

Glycymeris intermedia Brod.

Modiolus rectus Conr.

Philobrya setosa Cpr.

Lima dehiscens Conr.

Pecten diegensis Dall."

Pecten giganteus Gray.

Monia macroschisma Desh.

Terebratulina caput-serpentis L.

Terebratulina caput - serpentis

Cpr. 20 faths.

Terebratalia transversa Sby.

Platidea anomioides Scacchi.

Glottidea albida Hinds.

Have secured from fishermen several

138 THE NAUTILUS.

NEW MOLLUSKS COLLECTED BY MR. A. A. HINKLEY IN 8AN LUIS

POTOSI, MEXICO. .

BY H. A. PILSBRY.

CoELOCENTRUM HINKELEYI, Nn. sp.

The shell is shortly rimate, imperforate, the lower third or halt

cylindric, the rest slowly tapering to the truncate summit; rather

solid; brown. Sculpture of backwardly arched narrow ribs, much

narrower than their intervals except on the last whorl, where they

are more slender and closely crowded. There are about 65 ribs on

the penultimate whorl. On some of the later whorls the ribs are some-

times weak and rather irregular. ‘The apical breach is closed by a

steep, slightly convex plug densely covered with strongly projecting

granules. Whorls remaining slightly convex, at least the upper

ones have a delicate keel close under the suture ; last whorl rounded

basally, having a very weak, inconspicuous, spiral basal cord. Last

half whorl straightened, produced forward beyond the preceding

whorl. The aperture is oblique, rounded ovate; peristome obtuse,

narrowly recurved. The internal column is moderately large, its

diameter contained 3.7 to 4 times in that of the shell. Within each

whorl it is rather strongly obliquely swollen, and typically bears a

few oblong granules in place of the obliquely vertical laminz of

typical species of Celocentrum.

Length 35, diam. 8.1 mm.; whorls remaining 12.

Length 37, diam. 8 mm.; whorls remaining 13,

Length 35, diam. 8 mm.; whorls remaining 11.

Length 39, diam. 8 mm.; whorls remaining 14.

San Luis Potosi: highest Mt. on south side of river at Mecos

Falls, and bluff 3 miles north of San Dieguito.

This is a variable species, represented by many specimens from

two localities. In some examples the rather large internal column

bears distinct elongated granules; others have low nodes, while still

others have whitish lines which project only slightly from the surface

of the column.

Five specimens of a series from San Dieguito measure :

Length 46, diam. 8.5 mm.; whorls remaining 184.

Length 41, diam. 9 mm.; whorls remaining 124.

Length 38.5, diam. 7.7 mm.; whorls remaining 154.

THE NAUTILUS. 139

Length 36.5, diam. 8.7 mm.; whorls remaining 124.

Length 32, diam. 8.2 mm.; whorls remaining 104.

At the Mecos Falls locality there is a small, slender form occur-

ring with the types, having only very slight, hardly noticeable nodes

on the spiral swelling of the axis. The aperture is carried forward

further than in the typical examples. Two of these measure:

Length 35, diam. 7.1 mm.; whorls remaining 124.

Length 32.2, diam 7.1 mm.; whorls remaining 12.

C ZLOCENTRUM ISCHNOSTELE, N. sp..

The shell is shortly rimate, imperforate, the lower half cylindric,

upper half slowly tapering to the truncate summit; thin; pale

brown. The surface has a silky luster, and is densely sculptured

with thread-like ribs, which arch backward, and are about as wide as

their intervals except on the last whorl, where they are finer and

more closely crowded. On the penultimate whorl there are about

90 (88 to 92) ribs. The breach at the summit is closed by a very

convex, granulose plug. Remaining whorls 114 to 144, slightly

convex, having a minute carina below the suture and very close to

it. The last whorl is convex and has a scarcely noticeable basal

cord; its last half is straightened, and projects shortly (about 14

mm.) forward. The aperture is oblique, rounded-ovate, the upper

margin straightened. Peristome obtuse, narrowly recurved through-

out. The internal axis is very slender throughout, weakly sinuous

within each whorl, smooth, its diameter contained 84 times in that of

the shell. Itopens by a minute perforation at the summit.

Length 32, diam. 6.8 mm.; 134 whorls remaining.

Length 32.8, diam. 6.2 mm.; 144 whorls remaining.

Length 30, diam. 6.5 mm.; 114 whorls remaining.

Length 27.8, diam. 6.4 mm.; 12 whorls remaining.

Length 27.8, diam. 6.2 mm.; 114 whorls remaining.

This form occurred in the same locality with Streptostyla bartscht,

near Mecos Falls. It stands close to the preceding species, but

differs by its much more numerous ribs, the much more slender

internal axis, and the last whorl does not run forward so far. It

is remarkable for the small size of the internal column.

In a young shell 11 mm. long with 144 whorls the first 14 whorls

forming the hemispherical summit are perfectly smooth and measure

14 mm. in diameter. Then very fine very short riblets appear

140 THE NAUTILUS.

below the suture, and to the 6th whorl the caliber of the shell de-

creases slightly. Beyond this the caliber increases slowly, and the

riblets gradually become longer, though a smooth band persists along

the middle of each whorl as far as about the 16th whorl, after which

the ribs are continuous.

The above forms, with others, will be figured in a future report on

the shells collected by Mr. Hinkley.

A NEW SPECIES OF LYMNZA.

BY FRANK C. BAKER,

LYMNZA HENDERSONI 0. sp.

Shell globose, very thin and fragile; periostracum light yellowish

or brownish-horn; surface dull; sculpture of fine growth-lines, without

spiral lines; whorls 34, very rapidly increasing in diameter, the body

whorl seven-eighths the length of the entire shell, very globose; spire

very short, depressed, dome-like, the first two whorls flat and coiled

in the same plane so that a profile view shows only two full whorls.

Nuclear whorls flat, partly concealed by the volutions of the spire;

sutures impressed; aperture round or roundly elliptical; outer lip thin;

inner lip broad, triangular, reflected over the columellar region, but

leaving a deep, well-marked chink; the inner edge of the inner lip is

usually bent downward near the body whorl, partly concealing the

umbilical chink; parietal callus thin; axis smooth, hourglass-shaped.

Length 7.00, breadth 5.50; aperture length 4.75, breadth 3.00 mm.

Length 6.25, breadth 5.00; aperture length 4.00, breadth 2.50 mm.

Length 6.75, breadth 5.00; aperture length 4.80, breadth 3.00 mm.

Length 5.50, breadth 4.10; aperture length 4.00, breadth 2.50 mm.

Types: Chicago Academy of Sciences, six specimens, No. 24534;

Co-types: University of Colorado, Boulder, Colo.

West of Fort Collins, Laramie county, Colo.

Ecology: Inhabits lagoons and intermittent bodies of waters.

Judge Henderson writes of the habitat as follows: ‘‘I am informed

that there had been no water in the lagoon for many months, prob-

ably since last summer or autumn. The ground was cracked to a

depth of several inches and the mollusks were found down in the

cracks in the mud. Therefore, it seems to be another species cap-

able of zstivating.”

THE NAUTILUS. 141

Remarks: This species was at first thought to be Lymnaea sono-

maensis Hemphill, but a comparison with that species shows that the

present species differs not only from sonomaensis,,but from all related

species in the form of the spire and aperture. The first two whorls

of the spire are coiled in the same plane, producing an abruptly trun-

cated appearance. The inner lip is triangular and not evenly

rounded as in ¢echella and its varieties, but similar to that of budi-

motdes, from which it differs in its truncated spire. The only form

likely to be confounded with hendersoni is sonomaensis, which differs

in the form of the spire and inner lip.

I take great pleasure in dedicating this interesting species to

Judge Junius Henderson, of the University of Colorado.

SPHERIUM PILSBRYANUM, N. SP.

BY V. STERKI.

Mussel large, high, inequipartite, oblique, well inflated; beaks

rather large, rounded, prominent, inclined towards the anterior;

upper margin strongly and regularly curved in the adult, less so or

nearly straight in young specimens, ventral margin rather well and

regularly curved; anterior part of the mussel much smaller than the

posterior, its outlines rounded or slightly truncate, posterior rounded

or truncate obliquely, the end rather drawn downward, rounded or

subangular; surface with rather coarse to medium, sharp, concentric

strie, regular over the beaks, less so over the balance of the valves,

and with about six to eight impressed lines of growth, deepest pos-

teriorly, with the interstices somewhat bulging; color chalky-whitish

to light or deep gray, in some specimens with alternate zones of light

and dark; shell thick; muscle insertions slightly marked, large, not

impressed; hinge strong, plate moderately broad, rather long; car-

dinal teeth small, rather typically to irregularly formed, the poste-

rior of the left valve often wanting or rudimentary; laterals rather

large, those of the right valve projecting inward, those of the left

only slightly so; anterior short, the left raised cusp-like, the posterior

all rather long, not raised to cusps.

Long. 18, alt. 16, diam. 11-12 mm.; average; the largest, 21 mm.

long.

142 THE NAUTILUS.

Fossil, in pleistocene or possibly later deposits on the shore of

Bear Lake, Utah, collected by the Hayden Survey, in company with

Planorbis trivolvis Say (var.), Carinifex newberryi Lea, Lymnea

utahensis Call, and Fluminicola fusca Hald. There are about 200

valves in the lot, including one right and one left of rather small

juv. The specimens are in the collection of the A. N.S. P., No.

62825.

This Spharium cannot be ranged under any of the described recent

species. Of about the same length with S. suleatum Lam., the mus-

sel is of very different shape and appearance: much higher, much

more inequipartite, the beaks are much narrower and more promi-

nent; the shell and hinge are stronger. It resembles more some

forms of S. aureum Pr. (resp. forms ranged under that species), but

is larger, more inequipartite and oblique.

It is worthy of notice that in numerous specimens the hinges are

partially or wholly reversed, just as in most of our recent species of

this group, and the posterior cardinal tooth of the left valve is

wanting or rudimentary, in some specimens well enough preserved

to show such details. So far as can be seen from a few fresher, not

chalky, specimens, the color was whitish or reddish to grayish, and

the surface shining.

The species is named in honor of Dr. H. A. Pilsbry, to whom I

am indebted for the opportunity of examining this fine lot of fossils.

NOTES,

Note on Pholadomya pacifica Dall. This species was first diag-

nosed in the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Quarterly Issue,

July, 1907, no. 1727, p. 172. The fuller description and account

which appeared in the March number of the NauTiius (1909) had

been prepared and sent to the editor in May, 1907, as the publica-

tion of my paper in the Quarterly was then indefinitely delayed.

As I saw no proofs of the NauTiLus issue, this fact is not stated in

it, but I now make the correction. Since both notices were pre-

pared, another complete specimen in excellent condition was dis-

covered in the Albatross collection, but unfortunately, though fresh,

it did not contain the soft parts. The presence of a resilium was

confirmed. The localities of the two dredgings have been received.

THE NAUTILUS. 143

They are station 4904, near Nagasaki, in 107 fathoms, sand and

shell, bottom temperature about 53° F., and station 4807, off

Hakodate, in 44 fathoms, gravel, temperature about 45° F., judging

from that at nearby stations. The fresh specimen is of a creamy

white, faintly pearly internally. I may add that the two species of

alleged Pholadomya, referred to in the text of the NauTiuvs article,

are now considered to belong to the genus Panocca (Dall, 1905)

with several others dredged in the deep waters of the Atlantic.—

Ww. H. Dat. ,

Mr. L. V. Daron, in the Quarterly Journal of the Geological

Society (London), Ixiv, Nov. 1908, p. 631, records Busycon canalicu-

latum (L.) from the Miocene of Burma. His figure will scarcely

convince skeptical American conchologists. From what we know

of the geological history of the shell in question and its allies, and

taking into consideration the fact that the veliger stage in Busycon

(Fulgur) is passed through inside the egg-capsule, and hence it has

no free swimming period, a record of its distribution half round the

earth needs better evidence than Mr. Dalton is satisfied with.

SHELLS oF ARoosTooK County, Matne.—Dr. V. Sterki has this

winter examined a part of my collection of small land shells, and

the result of his labor has been the identification of the following

additions to those already reported from Aroostook county,

Maine:

Strobilops affinis Pils.

Vertigo ovata Say.

Vertigo nylanderi Sterki.

Euconulus chersinus Say.

All the above were collected in the town of Woodland.—

Oxror O. NYLANDER.

The oyster is cool and clear and calm,

Admired by the many and not the few;

Yet, sorry to say, possesses a way

Of getting himself in a stew.

144 THE NAUTILUS.

Errata.—Numbers 8, 9 and 10 of Vol. xxi were marked by

error “ Vol. xxii” on the date lines, pages, 85, 97, 109, but not

on the cover of those numbers. This note is published to obvi-

ate errors in binding Vol. xxi.

The following corrections should be made in Vol. xxii:

P. 47, end of line 4, delete 7.

P. 78, 7th line from foot, for plate vi, read vii, viii.

P. 82, top line, for N AuTILUs xxii, uni “xi.

P. 101, under Quadrula coccinea, in place of ‘ Found gravid

on June 18,” etc., it should read: Found gravid by the writer on

June 18,08, in Neshannock Creek, Lawrence Co., and received

gravid from the Allegheny River, McKean Co. (collected by Mr.

Dennis Dally on June 22, ’08).

THE marriage is announced of Miss Elizabeth J. Letson, Di-

rector of the Buffalo Academy of Natural Science, to Mr. Wil-

liam Alanson Bryan, of the Pacific Institution of Science, on

March i6th. Mr. and Mrs. Bryan will be at home in Honolulu

after May 4th.

Dr. V. Srerki is spending the month in studying Spherium

and Pisidium in the museums of Boston, Cambridge, Philadel-

phia and Washington.

Mr. A. A. HINKLEY, who returned from a collecting trip in

Mexico last month, reports good collecting, especially in fresh-

water mollusks.

AN interesting biographical memoir of William More Gabb, the

palaeontologist and conchologist, read by Dr. W. H. Dall at the

November meeting of the National Academy of Sciences, has just

been published. A bibliography of Gabb’s scientific works is ap-

pended,

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