European Journal of Taxonomy 110: 1-19

http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2015.110

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

ISSN 2118-9773

www. europeanj ournaloftaxonomy. eu

2015 • Constant J.

Research article

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:50EA798C-FC19-4420-954E-C679B421CFD5

The Lanternfly genus Polydictya (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha:

Fulgoridae) from Sulawesi and neighbouring islands, with the

description of three new species

Jerome CONSTANT

Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, O.D. Phylogeny and Taxonomy, Entomology,

Vautier street 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.

E-mail: [email protected]

urn:lsid:zoobank.org: author: 6E6072A1-9415-4C8D-8E60-2504444DB290

Abstract. The species of the genus Polydictya Guerin-Meneville, 1844 from Sulawesi and adjacent

islands are reviewed and three new species are described: P. bantimurung sp. nov. (Sulawesi), P. basirubra

sp. nov. (Sulawesi, Wowoni and Buton) and P. pelengana sp. nov. (Peleng). An identification key for the

6 species recorded in the area is given. Habitus , detailed illustrations and a distribution map are provided

for all species. The male genitalia of the three new species are illustrated and described, and the male

genitalia of P. thanatos Chew Kea Foo, Porion & Audibert, 2010 are figured and described for the first

time. The genus Polydictya now contains 24 species.

Keywords. Indonesia, lanternbug, Fulgoroidea, Homoptera, planthopper.

Constant J. 2015. The Lanternfly genus Polydictya (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae) from Sulawesi and

neighbouring islands, with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 110: 1-19. http://

dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2015,110

Introduction

The genus PolydictyaxNds erected by Guerin-Meneville (1844) to accommodate one species, Eurybarchis

(sic!) basalis Hope, 1843, described from Silhet (Myanmar) andmentioned from Penang Island (Malaysia)

by Guerin-Meneville (1844). Species were progressively added to the genus (Bourgoin 2014).

The genus Thaumastodictya, described by Kirkaldy (1902) based on one species, T. krisna Kirlcaldy,

1902 from Sri Lanka, was synonymized under Polydictya by Distant (1906a). Lallemand (1959, 1963),

Nagai & Porion (1996, 2004), Constant & Pham (2008), Constant (2009,2010) and Chew Kea Foo et al.

(2010) more recently added new species and proposed nomenclatural changes within the genus.

The genus presently contains 21 species (Bourgoin 2014). It is distributed in the Oriental region: from

Sri Lanka it extends over northern India, Thailand, Vietnam and southwards to Sulawesi and its adjacent

islands.

European Journal of Taxonomy 110: 1-19 (2015)

One species, P. crassa, was described from “South Celebes” (Distant 1906b). It was the only species

known from Sulawesi until the recent descriptions of P. katsurakoae Nagai & Porion, 1996 and

P. thanatos Chew Kea Foo, Porion & Audibert, 2010.

The study of recent material in the collections of BMNH, MNHL and RBINS led to the discovery of

three new species which are here described, illustrated and keyed together with the three previously

decribed ones.

Materials and methods

Type specimens of all species have been examined. The male genitalia were dissected as follows:

the pygofer was cut from the abdomen of the softened specimen with a needle blade, then boiled for

about one hour in a 10% solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH). The phallic complex was dissected

with a needle blade and all pieces examined in ethanol, the whole placed in glycerine for preservation.

Observations were done with a Leica MZ8 stereo microscope. Pictures were taken with a Canon EOS

300 D camera with Sigma DG Macro lens and optimized with Adobe Photoshop CSS. The inflation of

the phallus was not done due to the difficulty to obtain good and replicable results, and because it is not

indispensable to separate the species in the genus Polydictya.

For the transcription of the labels of the types, the wording on each single label is limited by square

brackets.

The measurements were taken as in Constant (2004) and the following abbreviations are used:

BF = breadth of the frons

BTg = breadth of the tegmen

BV = breadth of the vertex

LF = length of the frons

LT = total length

LTg = length of the tegmen

LV = length of the vertex

Acronyms used for the collections (name of the curator in parentheses):

BMNH =

EUM =

MHNL =

MNHN =

RBINS =

Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom (M. Webb)

Ehime University Museum, Matsuyama, Japan (H. Yoshitomi)

Museum d’Histoire naturelle de Lyon, France (H. Labrique, J. Clary and C. Audibert)

Museum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France (T. Bourgoin and A. Soulier)

Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium (W. Dekoninck)

Results

Class Hexapoda Blainville, 1816

Order Hemiptera Linnaeus, 1758

Suborder Auchenorrhyncha Dumeril, 1806

Infraorder Fulgoromorpha Evans, 1946

Superfamily Fulgoroidea Latreille, 1807

Family Fulgoridae Latreille, 1807

CONSTANT J., Fulgoridae: Sulawesi Polydictya (Hemiptera)

Genus Polydictya Guerin-Meneville, 1844

Polydictya Guerin-Meneville, 1844: 358. Type species: Polydictya basalis (Hope, 1843) by monotypy.

Thaumastodictya Kirkaldy, 1902: 307. Type species: Polydictya krisna Kirkaldy, 1902 by original

designation (junior synonym of Polydictya pantherina Gerstaecker, 1895, see Nagai & Porion 1996).

Polydictya - Walker 1851: 289 (list of species). — Stal 1866: 135 (key). — Atkinson 1885: 155

(described). —Distant 1888: 487 (compared to Myrilla Distant, 1888). —Karsch 1890: 63 (compared

to Anecphora Karsch, 1890). — Gerstaecker 1895: 10 (compared to Holodictya Gerstaecker, 1895). —

Kirkaldy 1902: 307 (compared to Thaumastodictya Kirkaldy, 1902). —Melichar 1903: 71 (erroneous

synonymy with Chalia Walker, 1858). — Distant 1906a: 199 (key to Oriental genera), 215 (described,

senior synonym of Thaumastodictya). —Kirkaldy 1907: 59 (note on publication date). — Schmidt 1907:

113 (compared to Myrilla , copied from Distant 1888). — Jacobi 1910: 101 (compared to Coelodictya

Jacobi, 1910). — Schmidt 1912: 71 (compared to Coelodictya and Holodictya, comments on species).

— Lallemand 1963: 7 (key to genera), 14 (key to species). —Nagai & Porion 1996: 13 (list of species,

synonymies). — Constant & Pham 2008 (notes). — Constant 2009 (notes, key to species with hind

wings red basally). — Constant 2010 (notes).

Thaumastodictya - Melichar 1903: 71 (description). — Distant 1906a: 215 (junior synonym of

Polydictya).

The characters defining the genus were given by Lallemand (1963), i.e., head broad, slightly narrower

than the pronotum; frons as long as broad, not carinate, largely rounded dorsally, broadened above

clypeus and strongly broader than the latter; vertex at least 4 times broader than long, excavate; tegmina

at least 2.5 times longer than broad, densely reticulate; clavus closed with vein A1+A2 extending up

to sutural margin; hind wings almost entirely reticulate; anterior tibiae as long as femora, sometimes

slightly foliaceous; hind tibiae with 4-6 lateral spines.

Identification key to the species of Polydictya from Sulawesi and neighbouring islands

1. Dorsum of abdomen black (Figs 5 A, 6A).2

- Dorsum of abdomen red or brown (Figs 3 A, 4A).3

2. Tegmina dark olivaceous brown with small whitish spots along costal margin, claval suture and

disc (Fig. 5A); frons and vertex yellow brown (Fig. 5C-D); anterior tibiae slightly laminate

(Fig. 5A-B). Polydictya pelengana sp. nov.

- Tegmina black with irregular white tranverse bands (Fig. 6A); frons and vertex red brown (Fig. 6C-

D); anterior tibiae slender, not laminate (Fig. 6A-B).

. Polydictya thanatos Chew Kea Foo, Porion & Audibert, 2010

3. Frons and vertex unicolorous (Figs 3C-D, 4C-D).4

- Frons black-brown with baso-lateral angles yellow brown (Fig. 1C-D).

. Polydictya bantimurung sp. nov.

4 Hind wings basally without large bright red patch (Figs 3A, 4A).5

- Hind wings with a large basal bright red patch (Fig. 2 A). Polydictya basirubra sp. nov.

5. Tegmina nearly unicolorous, brown with a small whitish spot along claval suture and 3 small spots on

disc of membrane, no spot along costal margin (Fig. 3 A) and not tinged with red ventrally (Fig. 3B);

tegmina slightly broader: LTg/BTg = 2.72. Polydictya crassa Distant, 1906

- Tegmina brown, tinged with reddish ventrally (Fig. 4B), and with whitish spots: large one at apex of

clavus, 3 along claval suture, 3^1 along costal margin and 3 on disc of membrane (Fig. 4A); tegmina

slightly narrower: LTg/BTg = 2.86. Polydictya katsurakoae Nagai & Porion, 1996

European Journal of Taxonomy 110: 1-19 (2015)

Figs 1-2. 1. Polydictya bantimurung sp. nov. 2. Polydictya basirubra sp. nov. A. Habitus, dorsal view.

B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Vertex, pro and mesonotum, dorsal view. D. Frons, normal view. E. Habitus,

lateral view. F. Head and prothorax, lateral view. Scale bars =10 mm.

CONSTANT J., Fulgoridae: Sulawesi Polydictya (Hemiptera)

Figs 3-4. 3. Polydictya crassa Distant, 1906. 4. Polydictya katsurakoae Nagai & Porion, 1996.

A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Vertex, pro and mesonotum, dorsal view. D. Frons,

normal view. E. Labels. Scale bars = 10 mm.

European Journal of Taxonomy 110: 1-19 (2015)

A, B, E

Figs 5-6. 5. Polydictya pelengana sp. nov. 6. Polydictya thanatos Chew Kea Foo, Porion & Audibert,

2010. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Vertex, pro and mesonotum, dorsal view.

D. Frons, normal view. E. Habitus, lateral view. F. Head and prothorax, lateral view. Scale bars = 10 mm.

CONSTANT J., Fulgoridae: Sulawesi Polydictya (Hemiptera)

Polydictya bantimurung sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CB4E8FA9-FDC8-4197-AA6E-lE09DCBBF292

Figs 1, 7-8

Diagnosis

(1) Tegmina brown, with whitish spots: large one at apex of clavus, 2 small ones along claval suture and

3-4 on disc of membrane; external margin of clavus and 3^1 patches along costal margin, pale greenish

yellow (Fig. 1 A); (2) hind wings without basal red patch (Fig. 1A); (3) frons regularly rounded in dorsal

view, not projecting anteriorly (Fig. 1C), dark brown with ventro-lateral angles yellow-brown (Fig. ID);

(4) anterior tibiae not laminate (Fig. 1A-B); (5) abdomen red dorsally (Fig. 1A); (6) genital segments

dark brown.

Etymology

The species epithet refers to the type location, Bantimurung, and is treated as a noun in apposition.

Type material

Holotype

S'. [Coll. I.R.Sc.N.B., Sulawesi, Bantimurung, 4°54’S 119 0 45’E, Gift J. Constant, I.G.: 32.561] (RBINS).

Paratypes

2 SS, 4 $ $: [Bantimurung, Sulawesi, 6.02, Coll, thierry PORION] (MHNL). Note: “6.02” on the labels

of the paratypes stands for June 2002.

Description

Measurements and ratios. LT: $ (n = 3): 24.7 mm (23.9-25.1);$ (n = 4): 29.0 mm (28.0-29.5); LTg/

BTg = 3.24; BV/LV = 5.4; LF/BF = 0.70.

Head. Black-brown with ventro-lateral angles of frons yellow-brown (Fig. ID, F); vertex curved

and deeply grooved transversely with lowest point in middle, with all 4 margins carinate (Fig. 1C);

frons slightly visible from above (Fig. 1C), convex, smooth, subquadrate with impressed, S-shaped

longitudinal groove along lateral margin, starting in front of eye (Fig. ID); clypeus narrower and shorter

than frons, brown apically (Fig. ID); labium elongate, surpassing coxae (Fig. IB); antennae yellow-

brown with scape cylindrical, elongate; pedicel bulbous (Fig. IF).

Thorax. Black-brown with lateral pleura of pronotum yellow-brown along ventral margin; mesonotum

darker than pronotum (Fig. 1C, F); pro-, meso- and metasternites brown (Fig. IB); pronotum with

transverse wrinkles, longitudinal carina and pair of impressed points on disc; mesonotum smooth with

disc wrinkled; scutellum impressed on disc and with apex elevated (Fig. 1C); tegulae dark brown with

posterior half yellow-brown (Fig. 1C, F).

Tegmina. (Figs 1A-C). Dark brown with whitish spots on disc: one large, subquadrate at apex of clavus,

2 small ones along claval suture and 3-4 in a longitudinal row near nodal line; external margin of clavus

and 3^1 large patches along costal margin, pale greenish yellow; costal and sutural margins subparallel,

apex obliquely rounded.

Hind wings. (Fig. 1A-B). Entirely dark brown, broader than tegmina.

Legs. (Fig. 1A-B). All legs dark reddish brown with tarsi I and II darker; tibiae I and II slender; tibiae

III with 4-5 lateral and 7 apical spines.

European Journal of Taxonomy 110: 1-19 (2015)

Abdomen. (Fig. 1A-B). Bright red dorsally with 2 basal tergites black; black-brown ventrally; genital

segments dark brown.

Male genitalia. Pygofer, anal tube and gonostyli dark brown; pygofer higher than long, with posterior

margin sinuate in lateral view and showing apically rounded conical process in middle (Fig. 8A-B); anal

tube elongate, 2.36 times longer than broad, broader at % of total length, strongly curved ventrally near

base (Fig. 8A-B); lateral margins sinuate (Fig. 8B) and apical margin strongly notched in dorsal view

(Fig. 8C); gonostyli (Fig. 8A) elongate with posterior half much broader and strong subbasal constriction

in lateral view; strong tooth directed antero-ventrally at half length; apical margin subquadrate; phallic

117°E 120“E 123“E 126‘E

• P. basirubra • P. pelengana • P. bantimurung

■ P. thanatos ■ P. katsurakoae

Fig. 7. Distribution map of the species of Polydictya Guerin-Meneville, 1844 of Sulawesi and neighbouring

islands.

CONSTANT J., Fulgoridae: Sulawesi Polydictya (Hemiptera)

complex (Fig. 8D-E) with endosomal process of aedeagus laminate, slightly concave externally, showing

irregular dorsal teeth along body, and apex strongly curved dorsally, hook-shaped.

Distribution

Known from South Sulawesi (Fig. 7).

Fig. 8. Polydictya bantimurung sp. nov., $ genitalia. A. Pygofer, anal tube and gonostylus, left lateral

view. B. Anal tube and pygofer, dorsal view. C. Apex of anal tube, postero-dorsal view. D. Phallic

complex, lateral view. E. Phallic complex, dorsal view. An = anal tube; Py = pygofer; G = gonostylus.

Scale bars = 1 mm.

European Journal of Taxonomy 110: 1-19 (2015)

Polydictya basirubra sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:10E93C3A-660E-46B5-B5C6-ECB86F8F62F8

Figs 2, 7, 9

Polydictya katsurakoae -Nagai & Porion 2002:9 (record from Wowoni Island) [erroneous identification].

Diagnosis

(1) Tegmina brown, tinged with reddish ventrally on basal half (Fig. 2B), and with whitish markings:

irregular one at apical half of clavus, 3 along claval suture, 4-5 along costal margin and 3M on disc of

membrane (Fig. 2A); (2) hind wings with a large basal bright red patch (Fig. 2A); (3) Irons regularly

rounded in dorsal view, not projecting anteriorly (Fig. 2C), yellow-brown (Fig. 2D); (4) anterior tibiae

not laminate (Fig. 2A-B); (5) abdomen red dorsally (Fig. 2A); (6) genital segments red.

Etymology

The species epithet is formed by the words basis, -is (Fatin) = base, and ruber, -bra, -brum (adj., Fatin) =

red, and refers to the bright red patch at the base of the posterior wing.

Type material

Holotype

S'. [Wowoni Island, Indonesie, 09/2001, Coll. Alain Chaminade] (MHNF).

Paratypes

3 SS, 2 5?: 1 ?: [Wowoni, X.02, Indonesie, Coll. Alain Chaminade] (MHNF); 1 S [Wowoni Island,

Indonesie, 09/01, Coll, thierry PORION] (MHNF); 1 S: [Malili, X.95, Sulawesi, Col. Thierry Porion]

(MHNF); 1 [Buton Island, S.E. Sulawesi, Coll, thierry PORION] [Coll. T. PORION, Museum de

Fyon] (MHNF); 1 S: [Sulawesi Tengah: Nr. Morowali, Ranu River Area, 27.i.-20.iv. 1980] [M.J.D.

Brendell, B.M. 1980-280] (BMNH).

Coordinates of localities

Wowoni Island: 4°08'S 123°06'E; Buton Island: 5°03'S 122°53'E; Malili 2°38'12"S 121°5'27"E; Ranu

River Area: 1°50'30"S 121°29'30"E.

Description

Measurements and ratios. FT: S (n = 3): 26.7 mm (25.5-28.3); $ (n = 2, extrapolated): 30.0-31.1 mm ;

FTg/BTg = 2.61; BV/FV = 6.13; FF/BF = 0.75.

Head. Yellow-brown with clypeus dark brown to black-brown with paler median line (Fig. 2C-D, F);

vertex curved with all margins carinate, and deeply grooved with lowest point in middle (Fig. 2C);

frons slightly visible from above (Fig. 2C), convex, smooth, subquadrate, with impressed S-shaped

longitudinal groove along lateral margin, starting in front of eye (Fig. 2D); clypeus narrower and shorter

than frons (Fig. 2D); labium elongate, dark brown, surpassing hind coxae (Fig. 2B); antennae yellow-

brown with scape cylindrical, elongate, and pedicel bulbous (Fig. 2D, F).

Thorax. (Fig. 2C, F). Dark brown with pronotum and somet im es disc of mesonotum paler yellow-

brown; pronotum coriaceous with smooth median carina and 2 impressed points on anterior half of

disc; mesonotum smooth with disc irregularly wrinkled and transverse wrinkles on scutellum; apex of

scutellum elevated; tegulae dark brown with apex pale yellow-white.

Tegmina. (Fig. 2A-B, E). Brown with red hue on corium, more conspicuous ventrally; 4 subquadrate to

rectangular pale yellow spots along costal margin; irregular yellow-white markings on disc along claval

CONSTANT J., Fulgoridae: Sulawesi Polydictya (Hemiptera)

joint and on clavus, and 2 spots on disc aligned longitudinally near nodal line; largest spot usually at

apex of clavus; tegmina slightly broadening from base to apex and with apex oblique.

Hind wings. (Fig. 2A-B). Brown with antero-basal bright red patch covering about % of total surface and

not reaching posterior margin; broader than tegmina.

Legs. (Fig. 2A-B). All legs reddish-brown; tibiae I and II slender; tibiae III with (4—)5 lateral and 7

apical spines.

Fig. 9. Polydictya basirubra sp. nov., $ genitalia. A. Pygofer, anal tube and gonostylus, left lateral

view. B. Anal tube and pygofer, dorsal view. C. Apex of anal tube, postero-dorsal view. D. Phallic

complex, lateral view. E. Phallic complex, dorsal view. An = anal tube; Py = pygofer; G = gonostylus.

Scale bars = 1 mm.

European Journal of Taxonomy 110: 1-19 (2015)

Abdomen. (Fig. 2A-B). Bright red with 2 basal tergites black; black ventrally; genital segments bright

red.

Male genitalia. Pygofer, anal tube and gonostyli bright red; pygofer higher than long, with posterior

margin sinuate in lateral view and showing digitiform process in middle (Fig. 9A-B); anal tube elongate,

2.26 times longer than broad, broader at half of total length, strongly curved ventrally near base (Fig. 9A-

B); lateral margins sinuate (Fig. 9B) and apical margin strongly notched in dorsal view (Fig. 9C); gonostyli

(Fig. 9A) elongate with posterior half much broader and strong subbasal constriction in lateral view; strong

tooth directed antero-ventrally at half length; apical margin broadly rounded; phallic complex (Fig. 9D-E)

with endosomal process of aedeagus laminate, slightly concave externally and with ventral margin laterally

projecting subapically, showing irregular dorsal teeth along body and with apex pointed postero-ventrally.

Distribution

Known from Central, South and South East (Buton and Wowoni Islands) Sulawesi (Fig. 7).

Polydictya crass a Distant, 1906

Figs 3, 7

Polydictya crassa Distant, 1906b: 26 (Type in BMNH).

Polydictya crassa - Schmidt 1912: 72 (comparative note with other Polydictya species). — Metcalf 1947:

86 (catalogued). —Lallemand 1963: 18 (key, description). —Nagai & Porion 1996: 13; 2004: 31 (listed).

non Polydictya crassa -Nagai & Porion 2004: 7, pi. 2 fig. 13 (erroneous notes on distribution, illustration

of habitus , misidentification of Polydictya pelengana sp. nov.).

Diagnosis

(1) Tegmina brown with a small, whitish spot along claval suture and 3 small, whitish spots on membrane

(Fig. 3A); (2) hind wings without basal red patch (Fig. 3A); (3) ffons regularly rounded in dorsal view, not

projecting anteriorly (Fig. 3C), brown (Fig. 3D); (4) anterior tibiae slightly laminate (Fig. 3B); (5) abdomen

not black dorsally (brown in the single specimen known, but it is possible that the original colour faded due

to preservation in a fluid, e.g., ethanol) (Fig. 3A); (6) genital segments brown (same remark as under 5).

Type material examined

Holotype

J: [S. Celebes] [crassa Dist. Type] [Distant Coll. 1911—383] [Type] [BMNH(E) #651905] (BMNH).

Measurements and ratios

LT (extrapolated): ? (n = 1): 30.0 mm; LTg/BTg = 2.72; BV/LV = 4.46; LF/BF = 0.79.

Distribution

The species was described from southern Sulawesi (“S Celebes”) without specific locality.

Polydictya katsurakoae Nagai & Porion, 1996

Figs 4, 7

Polydictya katsurakoae Nagai & Porion, 1996: 13 (listed), 28 (description), pi. 2, fig. 29 (habitus

illustrated).

Polydictya katsurakoae - Chew Kea Foo et al. 2010: 59 (comparative note).

CONSTANT J., Fulgoridae: Sulawesi Polydictya (Hemiptera)

non Polydictya katsurakoae - Nagai & Porion 2002: 9 (erroneous record from Wowoni Island based on

specimens of P. basirubra sp. nov.).

Diagnosis

(1) Tegmina brown, tinged with reddish ventrally, and with whitish spots: large one at apex of clavus,

3 along cl aval suture, 3M along costal margin and 3 on disc of membrane (Fig. 4A-B); (2) hind wings

without basal red patch (Fig. 4A); (3) frons regularly rounded in dorsal view, not projecting anteriorly

(Fig. 4C), yellow-brown (Fig. 4D); (4) anterior tibiae not laminate (Fig. 4B); (5) abdomen red dorsally

(Fig. 4A); (6) genital segments red.

Type material examined

Holotype

$: [Palolo, VI.91, C. Sulawesi, Col. Thierry Porion] [Polydictya kasturakoae n. sp., Holotype $, Nagai -

Porion 1996] [EUMtypeNo. 736] (EUM)

Paratype

1 $: [Palolo, VI.91, C. Sulawesi, Indonesia, Col. Thierry Porion] [Polydictya kasturakoae n. sp.,

Paratype $, Nagai et Porion 1994] (MHNL).

Coordinates of type locality

Palolo: 1°39’S \\9°5^P.

Notes

The holotype and paratype were erroneously stated to be males in the original description (Nagai &

Porion 1996).

Nagai & Porion (1996) stated that the paratype was deposited in MNHN but it is currently in MHNL as

most specimens of Thierry Porion’s collection.

Measurements and ratios

LT (extrapolated): ? (n = 2): 31.2-31.6 mm; LTg/BTg = 2.86; BV/LV = 7.56; LF/BF = 0.72.

Distribution

Known from Central Sulawesi (Fig. 7).

Polydictya pelengana sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CDlE96F8-8487-4EDl-BC2F-820CC17B37CA

Figs 5, 7, 10

Polydictya crassa - Nagai & Porion 2004: 7 (notes), pi. 2 fig. 13 ( habitus illustrated) [erroneous

identification].

Diagnosis

(1) Tegmina dark olivaceous brown with small, whitish spots: 2-A along claval suture, 4 along costal

margin and 2 on disc of membrane (Fig. 5A); (2) hind wings without basal red patch (Fig. 5A); (3) frons

slightly projecting anteriorly in dorsal view (Fig. 5C), yellow-brown (Fig. 5D); (4) anterior tibiae slightly

laminate externally (Fig. 5A-B); (5) abdomen black dorsally (Fig. 5A); (6) genital segments black.

Etymology

The species epithet refers to the type locality, Peleng Island.

European Journal of Taxonomy 110: 1-19 (2015)

Type material

Holotype

[Coll. I.RSc.N.B., Indonesia, Peleng Isl., iii.2004, exchange S. Jakl, I.G.: 31.970] (RBINS).

Paratypes

1 S, 5 $ $: 1 S'- same data as holotype (RBINS); 1 $: [Coll. I.R.Sc.N.B., Indonesia, Peleng Isl., ix.2012,

gift from B. Kneubiihler, I.G.: 32.427] (RBINS); 1 S'- [Peleng, Apr. 2003] (MHNL); 1 S'- [Peleng, 3.03,

Coll. Alain Chaminade] (MNHL); 1 S'- [Peleng, III.03, Coll, thierry PORION] [Polydictya crassa S,

Coll, thierry Porion] (MHNL); 1 S'- [Peleng, III.03, Coll, thierry PORION] (MHNL); 1 S'- [Peleng Isld,

3.03, Coll, thierry PORION] (MHNL). Note: “3.03” and “III.03” on the labels of the paratypes stand

for March 2003.

Coordinates of type locality

Peleng Island: 1°24'S 123°10'E.

Description

Measurements and ratios. LT: S (n = 5): 28.7 mm (27.2-30.0); $ (n = 1): 29.7 mm; LTg/BTg = 2.80;

BV/LV = 4.57; LF/BF = 0.71.

Head. Pale yellow-brown (Fig. 5C-D); vertex strongly curved and deeply grooved with lowest point

in middle and with all margins carinate (Fig. 5C); frons slightly visible from above (Fig. 5C), strongly

convex, smooth, subquadrate with sides projecting laterally basally and with impressed C-shaped groove

along lateral margin, starting in front of eye (Fig. 5D); clypeus subtriangular, narrower and shorter than

frons, black-brown (Fig. 5D); labium elongate, black-brown, surpassing hind coxae (Fig. 5B); antennae

pale yellow-brown with scape cylindrical, slightly elongate and pedicel strongly bulbous (Fig. 5D, F).

Thorax. (Fig. 5C, F). Dark brown to black-brown; pronotum irregularly wrinkled with smooth

longitudinal carina and 2 strongly impressed points on anterior half of disc; mesonotum with disc

wrinkled and sides smooth; scutellum impressed basally, elevated apically and slightly transversely

winkled; tegulae brown with apex pale yellow-brown.

Tegmina. (Fig. 5A-B, E). Dark brown to black-brown with olivaceous green hue on basal half, more

conspicuous ventrally; veins and veinlets yellow-brown, maybe olivaceous green in living specimens; 3M

small, yellow-white spots along costal margin, 2-A along claval joint and 2 longitudinally aligned on disc

near nodal line; costal and sutural margin subparallel; apex oblique with apico-sutural angle broadly rounded.

Hind wings. (Fig. 5A-B). Dark brown to black-brown with a basal milky-white elongate patch along

costal vein; broader than tegmina.

Fegs. (Fig. 5A-B). Dark reddish brown to nearly black; anterior legs darker; tibiae I slightly foliaceous

externally; tibiae II slender; tibiae III with 4-5 lateral and 7 apical spines.

Abdomen. (Fig. 5A-B). Tergites black with membranous joints greenish; stemites brown; genital

segments black-brown.

Male genitalia. Pygofer, anal tube and gonostyli black-brown; pygofer higher than long, with posterior

margin sinuate in lateral view (Fig. 10A-B); anal tube elongate, 1.95 times longer than broad, broader at

3 /5 of total length, strongly curved ventrally near base (Fig. 10A-B); lateral margins sinuate (Fig. 10A) and

apical margin excavate in dorsal view (Fig. 10C); gonostyli (Fig. 10A) elongate with posterior half broader

and strong subbasal constriction in lateral view; strong tooth directed antero-ventrally at half length;

apical margin rounded; phallic complex (Fig. 10D-E) with endosomal process of aedeagus laminate.

CONSTANT J., Fulgoridae: Sulawesi Polydictya (Hemiptera)

slightly concave externally and with ventral margin laterally projecting subbasally; dorsal margin rounded

in lateral view and nearly smooth, showing few slightly marked teeth near base and near apex.

Distribution

Known from Peleng Island off Central Sulawesi (see map Fig. 7).

Fig. 10. Polydictya pelengana sp. nov., S genitalia. A. Pygofer, anal tube and gonostylus, left lateral

view. B. Anal tube and pygofer, dorsal view. C. Apex of anal tube, postero-dorsal view. D. Phallic

complex, lateral view. E. Phallic complex, dorsal view. An = anal tube; Py = pygofer; G = gonostylus.

Scale bars = 1 mm.

European Journal of Taxonomy 110: 1-19 (2015)

Polydictya thanatos Chew Kea Foo, Porion & Audibert, 2010

Figs 6, 7, 11.

Polydictya thanatos Chew Kea Foo, Porion & Audibert, 2010: 59 (described); pi. 4 figs 1-3 ( habitus and

details of head).

Diagnosis

(1) Tegmina black with 3 irregular transverse white bands before apex of clavus, one small, white line

on costal cell at nodal line, and scutellar margin of clavus whitish (Fig. 6A); (2) hind wings without

Fig. 11. Polydictya thanatos Chew Kea Foo , Porion & Audibert, 2010, male genitalia. A. Pygofer,

anal tube and gonostylus, left lateral view. B. Anal tube and pygofer, dorsal view. C. Apex of anal tube,

postero-dorsal view. D. Phallic complex, lateral view. E. Phallic complex, dorsal view. An = anal tube;

Py = pygofer; G = gonostylus. Scale bars = 1 mm.

CONSTANT J., Fulgoridae: Sulawesi Polydictya (Hemiptera)

basal red patch (Fig. 6A); (3) frons regularly rounded in dorsal view, not projecting anteriorly (Fig. 6C),

dark red (Fig. 6D); (4) anterior tibiae not laminate (Fig. 6A-B); (5) abdomen black dorsally (Fig. 6A);

(6) genital segments black.

Type material examined

Holotype

S'. [C.E. Sulawesi, 15 Kms E. Luwuk, 300-600 m IV-2008] [Polydictya thanatos n. sp. S. Chew et T.

Porion 2009, Holotype S] [Coll. Porion, 2010.54, Museum de Lyon] (MHNL).

Paratype

1 S [Indonesie, E-Sulawesi, Luwuk, 2.2009] [Polydictya thanatos n. sp. Paratype Male, S. Chew et T.

Porion 2009] [Museum Paris MNHN (EH) 17722] (MNHN).

Coordinates of type locality

Luwuk: 0°55 , 48.32”S 122°47 , 45.96 ,, E

Note

The description (Chew Kea Foo et al. 2010) mentions three more paratypes (two in Stanislav Jakl’s

collection and one in Thierry Porion’s), which were not examined in the present study.

Measurements and ratios

LT: S (n = 1): 27.5 mm; LTg/BTg = 2.93; BV/LV = 6.25; LF/BF = 0.79.

Male genitalia

Pygofer, anal tube and gonostyli black; pygofer higher than long, with posterior margin sinuate in lateral

view and showing digitiform process in middle (Fig. 11A-B); anal tube elongate, 2.35 times longer than

broad, strongly curved ventrally near base (Fig. 11A-B); sides subparallel on half of length in middle

(Fig. 1 IB), apical margin notched in dorsal view (Fig. 11C); gonostyli (Fig. 11 A) elongate with posterior

half broader and strong subbasal constriction in lateral view; strong tooth directed antero-ventrally at

half length; apical margin rounded; phallic complex (Fig. 11D-E) with endosomal process of aedeagus

laminate, slightly concave externally and with ventral margin ventro-laterally projecting subapically;

dorsal margin slightly curved laterally near base with irregular teeth, straight in lateral view and showing

irregular teeth to apex; sinuate in dorsal view.

Distribution

Known from Central Sulawesi (Fig. 7).

Discussion

Considering that five of the six species of Polydictya from Sulawesi were described in the last twenty

years, it seems likely that more species await discovery. The distribution map shows that large areas

within Sulawesi and a number of neighbouring islands remain unexplored in terms of Polydictya. More

field work should be conducted in those areas to document the insect fauna and make observations on

the host-plants and biology of those insects. Although they are actively searched for by collectors, the

feeding habits, larval stages and eggs remain unknown for all species treated in the present paper.

Acknowledgements

I thank all the curators listed above for the access to the material under their responsibility, Messrs

Cedric Audibert, Joel Clary and Harold Labrique for their kindness and help during my visit at MHNL

and Messrs Mick Webb and Max Barclay during my visit at BMNH. This study has benefitted from

European Journal of Taxonomy 110: 1-19 (2015)

funds from the European Union (Synthesys Project - Grant GB-TAF-1642) for a visit to the collection

of BMNH in 2011 and from MHNL for a visit to its collections. I also thank my colleagues. Dr Patrick

Grootaert and Mr Pol Limbourg (RBINS), and Prof. Thierry Bourgoin (MNHN) for their permanent

support, Mr Thierry Porion for interesting discussions and Mrs Megan M. Critser for reviewing the

language.

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Manuscript received: 12 June 2014

Manuscript accepted: 16 September 2014

Published on: 26 January 2015

Topic editor: Koen Martens

Desk editor: Charlotte Thionois

Printed versions of all papers are also deposited in the libraries of the institutes that are members of the

EJT consortium: Museum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France; Botanic Garden Meise, Belgium;

Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium; Natural History Museum, London, United

Kingdom; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium; Natural History Museum of

Denmark, Copenhagen, De nm ark