European Journal of Taxonomy 122: 1-15

http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2015.122

ISSN 2118-9773

www. europeanj oumaloftaxonomv. eu

2015 • Heller K., Hippa H. & Vilkamaa P.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Research article

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:26D7AA3F-7D72-45B2-BF6D-69BAFDC7B0E7

Taxonomy of Bradysia Winnertz (Diptera, Sciaridae) in the Northern

Holarctic, with the description of four new species

Kai HELLER 1 , Heikki HIPPA 2 & Pekka VILKAMAA 3 *

1 Erwin-Salomon-Str. 25, D-25451 Quickbom, Germany. E-mail: [email protected]

2 Gribbylunds alle 2, SE-183 65 Taby, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected]

3 Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, P.O. Box 17, FI-00014 University of Helsinki,

Finland. * Corresponding author: pekka. vilkamaa@h elsinki.fi

1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:8F9A2911-A7EC-4CA7-ACAC-E9339D258DE3

2 um:lsid:zoobank.org:author:546524AD-3BDl-4830-842F-EEEE7DF4799B

3 um:lsid:zoobank.org:author:A4EAD3B5-DA5E-4C09-8E3A-9289CA7358ED

Abstract. Four species of Bradysia Winnertz (Diptera, Sciaridae) from the Northern Holarctic are

described and illustrated for the first time: Bradysia bigeminata sp. nov. (Finland, Canada), B.falciceps

sp. nov. (Finland, Canada), B. oelandica sp. nov. (Sweden) and B. plusiospina sp. nov. (Finland). A

few Bradysia species, described previously and now found in Northern Europe, are also redefined and

illustrated.

Key words. Sciaroidea, Holarctic region, biodiversity, systematics, new taxa

Heller K., Hippa H. & Vilkamaa P. 2015. Taxonomy of Bradysia Winnertz (Diptera, Sciaridae) in the Northern

Holarctic, with the description of four new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 122: 1-15. http://dx.doi.

org/10.5852/eit.2015.122

Introduction

Within the framework of the research project ‘Diversity of the Fennoscandian black-winged fungus

gnats (Diptera, Sciaridae),’ financed by the Swedish Taxonomy Initiative, and the research programme

‘Deficiently known and threatened forest species’ (PUTTE, see Juslen et al. 2008), financed by the

Min istry of the Enviro nm ent, Finland, a number of new species in various genera (Vilkamaa et al.

2013a, b, c), including species of the genus Bradysia Winnertz, 1867, have been found in Northern

Europe, while others are new geographical records. Furthermore, conspecific specimens originating

from saproxylic studies ongoing in Canada have indicated that some of these species are Holarctic in

distribution.

The main aim of this paper is to further expand our knowledge of northern Sciaridae by describing

species of Bradysia that are new to science and redescribing others that are new records.

Material and methods

All specimens of the new species were detected and picked out from unsorted sciarid or general insect

material stored in ethanol. Most specimens originated from Malaise trap samples, but some had been

European Journal of Taxonomy 122: 1-15 (2015)

caught by sweeping or with an aspirator, a photoeclector or pan traps. The specimens were mounted on

microscope slides in Euparal, after dehydrating them in absolute ethanol. The terminology and methods

of measuring and illustrating morphological structures follow Hippa & Vilkamaa (1991, 1994) and

Hippa et al. (2010).

The material is deposited in the following collections:

MZH

PKHH

PRDM

PWMP

SMNH

ZFMK

Zoological Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, Finland

Private collection of Kai Heller, Heikendorf, Germany

Private collection of Rob Deady, Montreal, Canada

Private collection of Werner Mohrig, Poseritz, Germany

Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden

Zoological Museum Bonn, Germany

Results

Class Insecta Finnaeus, 1758

Order Diptera Finnaeus, 1804

Superfamily Sciaroidea Billberg, 1820

Family Sciaridae Billberg, 1820

Genus Bradysia Winnertz, 1867

Bradysia Winnertz, 1867: 180.

Type-species: Bradysia angustipennis Winnertz, 1867, by subsequent designation of Enderlein (1911:

127, 183).

Bradysia ascenda Rudzinski, 1994

Fig. 1A-D

Material examined

SWEDEN: Torne Fappmark, Kiruna, Abisko, 68°20’ N, 18°52’ E, north slope, 440 m, edge of birch

forest, white pan trap, 13-17 Sep. 1991, v. Tschirnhaus, 3 PWMP.

Redescription (male)

Head. Dark brown, antenna unicolorous pale brown; maxillary palpus very pale brown. Eye bridge

2-3 facets wide. Face with 10-12 scattered longer and shorter setae. Clypeus with 1-4 setae. Maxillary

palpus with 3 segments; segment 3 longer than segment 1, segment 2 shortest; segment 1 with 3-4 setae,

with dorsal pit of sensilla; antennal flagellomeres with slightly rough surface, body of flagellomere 4

2.15-2.4x as long as wide, neck shorter than broad, longest setae longer than width of flagellomere.

Thorax. Dark brown, setae pale. Anterior pronotum with 6-12 setae. Episternum 1 with 13-15 setae.

Scutum with long dorsocentrals, with some longer and shorter laterals, scutellum with 2 longer and

some short setae.

Wing. Fumose. Fength 1.8-1.9 mm Width/length 0.40. Veins distinct. Rl/R 0.65. c/w 0.70-0.75. r-m

shorter than bM, r-m with 1 seta, bM non-setose.

Fegs. Pale brown. Coxal setae pale. Front tibial organ with pale vestiture forming a row. Front tibial spur

longer than tibial width. Claws without teeth.

HELLER K., HIPPA H. & VILKAMAA P, Taxonomy of Bradysia

Abdomen. Pale brown, setae pale.

Hypopygium (Pig. 1A-D). Brown, concolorous with abdomen.

Gonocoxa. Narrow, longer than gonostylus, mesial margin with normal setosity.

Gonostylus. Narrow, rather straight, slightly thickened at middle, slightly narrowed towards apex, with

mesial side not impressed; with dense apical setosity, without apical tooth, with 8-9 apical-subapical

megasetae; megasetae subequal in size, slightly curved and sharp. Tegmen conical, apically truncate,

with straight lateral sides, with indistinct basolateral corners, laterally sclerotized, with area of aedeagal

teeth. Aedeagal apodeme long.

Remarks

Bradysia ascenda was described on the basis of three males from the Austrian Alps (Rudzinski 1994).

In having its setae pale and in having a distinct sensory pit in the maxillary palpus, it belongs to the

Bradysia tilicola group of Menzel & Mohrig (2000).

Fig. 1 . Bradysia ascenda Rudzinski, 1994 (from Sweden). A. Part of hypopygium, ventral view.

B. Gonostylus, ventral view. C. Tegmen and cerci, ventral view. D. Apical part of gonostylus, ventral

view. Scales = 0.1 mm.

European Journal of Taxonomy 122: 1-15 (2015)

Bradysia bigeminata sp. nov.

um:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2B3EB8AC-0D40-48B8-8453-AC9CA78B6316

Fig. 2A-B

Diagnosis

Small-sized Bradysia. Dark brown. Maxillary palpus with 2 segments. Wing length 1.5 mm, anal lobe

strong. Gonostylus narrow, without apical tooth, with 4 subequal megasetae.

Etymology

The name is derived from the Latin words bis- (two) and geminus (twin), referring to the two pairs of

gonostylar megasetae of the species.

Material examined

Holotype

FINLAND: Ostrobothnia borealis, Pudasjarvi, Murto-oja (Grid 7267183:3525642), near a brook,

Malaise trap, 1 May-3 Jul. 2006, J. Ilmonen & J. Salmela, MZH.

Paratypes

FINLAND: Karelia borealis, Kuhmo, Elimyssalo, bred from Fomitopsis rosea collected 23-28 May

1998, A. Komonen, 1 MZH.

CANADA, Ontario, Sudbury Co., Chapleau, Nimitz Forest, from wind thrown Pinus banksiana trees,

photoeclector, 10-24 Jul. 2012, R. Deady & T. Work, 14 $$, 1 [no. 8622] in PKHH, 3 [ZMFK-

TIS-2527999, ZMFK-TIS-2527999, ZMFK-TIS-2528275] in ZMFK, 1 in MZH, 9 in PRDM; same data

but 16-29 May 2012, 4 PRDM, 1 MZH; same data but 28 May-12 Jun. 2012, 2 SS, PRDM,

1 S, MZH; same data but 25 Apr-11 Jul. 2012,2 PRDM; same data but 23 Jul.-8 Aug. 2012, 5

PRDM; same data but 7-20 Aug. 2012, 1 PRDM; Ontario, Sudbury Co., Chapleau, Superior Forest,

mature (99 years old) stand composed of 90% Pinus banksiana and 10% P. mariana with an understory

shrub layer of Vaccinium , very wet with considerable bryophyte coverage, pine log, photoeclector, 21

Jul.-6 Aug. 2013, R. Deady & T. Work, 18 <$<$, PRDM; same data but 5-19 Aug. 2013, 15 <$<$, PRDM;

same data but 7-22 Jul. 2013, 2 SS, PRDM, 1 S, MZH.

Description (male)

Head. Dark brown, antennal flagellomeres unicolorous brown; maxillary palpus very pale brown. Eye

bridge 2-3 facets wide. Face with 23 scattered longer and shorter setae. Clypeus with 1 seta. Maxillary

palpus with 2 segments; segment 1 longer than segment 2, segment 1 with 1 seta, with dorsal patch of

sensilla; surface of antennal flagellomeres smooth, body of flagellomere 4 2.65 x as long as wide, neck

shorter than broad, longest setae longer than width of flagellomere.

Thorax. Dark brown, setae pale. Anterior pronotum with 3 setae. Episternum 1 with 7 setae. Scutum

with long dorsocentrals, with some longer and shorter laterals, scutellum with 4 longer and some short

setae.

Wing. Hyalinous. Length 1.5 mm. Width/length 0.50. Anal lobe strong. Veins distinct. Rl/R 0.55. c/w

0.65. r-m and bM subequal in length, both non-setose.

Legs. Yellow. Coxal setae pale. Front tibial organ with pale vestiture forming a short row. Front tibial

spur as long as tibial width. Tibial spurs of middle and hind tibia subequal. Tarsal setosity normal. Claws

without teeth.

HELLER K., HIPPA H. & VILKAMAA P, Taxonomy of Bradysia

Abdomen. Brown, setae pale.

Hypopygium (Pig. 2A-B). Brown, concolorous with abdomen.

Gonocoxa. Basally broad, longer than gonostylus, mesial margin with sparse setosity.

Gonostylus. Narrow, rather evenly broad and straight, tumid, with mesial side impressed at apical half;

with dense apical setosity, without apical tooth, with two pairs of sharp subapical megasetae. Tegmen

truncate, with straight lateral sides, laterally and apically sclerotized, with small area of solitary aedeagal

teeth. Aedeagal apodeme rather long.

Remarks

Bradysia bigeminata sp. nov. is here formally assigned to the genus Bradysia because of the presence

of a comb-like row of elements in its tibial organ and because of its subequal middle and hind tibial

spurs, but it cannot be placed in one of the currently defined species groups. In the structure of its

gonostylus it also resembles the species of the Corynoptera vagula group (see Vilkamaa & Hippa 2006).

By its elongated gonostylus with four apical megasetae, and by its short front tibial comb placed in a

non-setose area at the apical part of the tibia, Bradysia bigeminata sp. nov. resembles Scatopsciara

(Xenopygina ) vine a Rudzinski & Baumann, 2013, but differs in having a simpler tegmen and a different

placement of the gonostylar megasetae. In a molecular phylogenetic analysis, the Corynoptera vagula

group of species appeared close to species of Scatopsciara Edwards (Shin et al. 2013). In this analysis,

no species of Scatopsciara (Xenopygina ) Frey, 1942 was included. It is obvious that a more inclusive

analysis is needed to clarify the relationships of B. bigeminata sp. nov., the Corynoptera vagula group

and the species currently placed in Scatopsciara ( Xenopygina ).

Fig. 2. Bradysia bigeminata sp. nov. (holotype). A. Part of hypopygium, ventral view. B. Gonostylus,

ventral view. Scales = 0.1 mm.

European Journal of Taxonomy 122: 1-15 (2015)

Ecology and distribution

Bradysia bigeminata sp. nov. was found to be very numerous in deadwood sampled in Canada. This may

suggest deadwood to be the natural habitat of the species. The COI sequence of the collected specimens

was allocated to the BIN ACA4746 on BOLD ( www.boldsvstems.org ). and, interestingly, the results

showed that the species is widely distributed in Eastern Canada.

Bradysia chlorocornea Mohrig & Menzel, 1992

Fig. 3A-B

Material examined

FINLAND: Regio kuusamoensis, Kuusamo, Kuohusuo-Kalliovaara 30 km S of Kuusamo, 65.43° N,

29.05° E, 270 m, spruce/birch swamp forest. Malaise trap, 2-15 Aug. 2004, M. & C. Jaschhof, 4

MZH.

Redescription (male)

Head. Brown, antennal flagellomeres 1-2 yellow, scapus, pedicellus and flagellomere 3-14 pale brown;

maxillary palpus very pale brown. Eye bridge 3 facets wide. Face with 10-15 scattered longer and

shorter setae. Clypeus with 1-3 setae. Maxillary palpus with 3 segments; segment 1 longer than segment

3, segment 2 shortest; segment 1 with 3-4 setae, with dorsal patch of sensilla; surface of antennal

flagellomeres smooth, body of flagellomere 4 2.3-2.7 x as long as wide, neck shorter than broad, longest

setae as long as width of flagellomere.

Thorax. Brown, setae pale. Anterior pronotum with 3-8 setae. Episternum 1 with 7-15 setae. Scutum

with long dorsocentrals, with some longer and shorter laterals, scutellum with 2 longer and some short

setae.

Fig. 3. Bradysia chlorocornea Mohrig & Menzel, 1992 (from Finland). A. Gonostylus, ventral view.

B. Part of hypopygium, ventral view. Scales = 0.1 mm.

HELLER K., HIPPA H. & VILKAMAA P, Taxonomy of Bradysia

Wing. Hyalinous. Length 1.7-1.9 mm. Width/length 0.40. Veins distinct. Rl/R 0.70-0.85. c/w 0.70-

0.80. r-m and bM subequal in length. bM non-setose, r-m non-setose or with 1 seta.

Legs. Yellow. Coxal setae pale. Pront tibial organ with pale vestiture forming a short row. Lront tibial

spur slightly longer than tibial width. Claws with teeth.

Abdomen. Pale brown, setae pale.

Hypopygium (Pig. 3A-B). Brown, concolorous with abdomen.

Gonocoxa. Narrow, longer than gonostylus, mesial margin with rather dense setosity.

Gonostylus. Narrow, broadest at middle, narrowed towards apex, with mesial side weakly impressed

at apical half; with dense apical setosity, without apical tooth, with 5-6 apical megasetae whip-lash in

form. Tegmen conical, apically roundish, with straight lateral sides, wealdy sclerotized, with large area

of aedeagal teeth, laterally straight. Aedeagal apodeme short.

Remarks

Bradysia chlorocornea was described from three males from Japan (Mohrig et al. 1992). By having

bi-coloured antennal flagellomeres and the tarsal claws with teeth, it belongs to the Bradysia fungicola

group of Menzel & Mohrig (2000). By its slender gonostylus with an apical group of slender, subequal

megasetae it resembles B. affinis (Zetterstedt, 1838), but it can be distinguished by having the megasetae

more slender and longer.

Bradysia falciceps sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:60LA7B62-2LLA-43LE-A5A2-5AC02CL29B13

Pig. 4A-B

Diagnosis

Small-sized Bradysia. Brown. Maxillary palpus with 3 segments, segment 1 with shallow sensory area.

Wing length 1.5-1.7 mm, veins indistinct. Gonostylus narrow, mesially impressed, with apical tooth and

5-6 megasetae in one group.

Etymology

The name is derived from the Latin words falx (scythe) and -ceps (of the head), referring to the curved

apical tooth of the gonostylus of the species.

Material examined

Holotype

LINLAND: Lapponia inariensis, Utsjoki, tundra. Malaise trap, 14 Aug. 2000, Latouros, MZH.

Paratypes

LINLAND: Same data as holotype, 1 PKHH 3368; Regio aboensis, Turku, Pomponrahka (Grid

6719377:3240217), open bog. Malaise trap, 1 Aug.-28 Sep. 2011, J. Salmela, 1 <f, MZH.

CANADA: Ontario, Sudbury Co., Chapleau, Superior Porest, mature (99 years old) stand composed of

90% Firms banksiana and 10% P. mariana with an understory shrub layer of Vaccinium , very wet, with

considerable bryophyte coverage, photoeclector on pine log, 23 Jun-8 Jul. 2013, R. Deady & T. Work,

3 SS, PRDM; same data but 7-22 Jul. 2013, 1 MZH.

European Journal of Taxonomy 122: 1-15 (2015)

Description (male)

Head. Brown, antennal flagellomeres 1-2 yellow, scapus, pedicellus and flagellomeres 3-14 unicolorous

pale brown; maxillary palpus very pale brown. Eye bridge 3 facets wide. Face with 15-21 scattered

longer and shorter setae. Clypeus with 1-2 setae. Maxillary palpus with 3 segments; segment 3 longer

than segment 1, segment 2 shortest; segment 1 with 1-2 setae, with small shallow dorsal sensory area;

surface of antennal flagellomeres smooth, body of flagellomere 4 1.85-2.3x as long as wide, neck shorter

than broad, longest setae as long as width of flagellomere.

Thorax. Brown, setae pale. Anterior pronotum with 4-7 setae. Episternum 1 with 8-9 setae. Scutum

with long dorsocentrals, with some longer and shorter laterals, scutellum with 4 longer and some short

setae.

Wing. Hyalinous. Length 1.5-1.7 mm. Width/length 0.45-0.50. Veins indistinct. Rl/R 0.60-0.65. c/w

0.75-0.85. r-m and bM subequal in length, r-m with 1-2 setae, bM non-setose.

Legs. Yellow. Coxal setae pale. Front tibial organ with pale vestiture forming short row. Front tibial spur

longer than tibial width. Claws without teeth.

Abdomen. Pale brown, setae pale and fine.

Hypopygium (Fig. 4A-B). Brown, concolorous with abdomen.

Gonocoxa. Narrow, longer than gonostylus, mesial margin with normal setosity.

Gonostylus. Narrow, evenly straight, with shallow lateral notch at apical fourth, with mesial side

impressed at all its length; with dense apical setosity, with strong curved apical tooth-like megaseta.

Fig. 4. Bradysia falciceps sp. nov. (holotype). A. Part of hypopygium, ventral view. B. Gonostylus,

ventral view. Scales = 0.1 mm.

HELLER K., HIPPA H. & VILKAMAA P, Taxonomy of Bradysia

with 5-6 subapical megasetae, megasetae sharp, in single group. Tegmen conical, weakly sclerotized,

with area of aedeagal teeth. Aedeagal apodeme long.

Remarks

Bradysia falciceps sp. nov. belongs to the Bradysiapraecox group and is most similar to B. nitidicollis

(Meigen, 1818), B. iridipennis (Zetterstedt, 1938) and B. quercina Menzel & Kohler, 2014 by sharing a

strong apical tooth at the dorsoapical part of the gonostylus (see Kohler et al. 2014). Bradysia falciceps

sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other species of the B. praecox group in having pale basal antennal

flagellomeres with dark necks.

Bradysia oelandica sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D1390D14-F74E-4595-A927-A287B8A331DE

Fig. 5A-C

Diagnosis

Large-sized Bradysia. Brown. Maxillary palpus with 3 segments, segment 1 with a small shallow sensory

patch. Wing length 2.3 mm, anal lobe small. Setose intercoxal lobe of hypopopygium present. Gonocoxa

and gonostylus broad; gonocoxa with elongated ventromesial setae; gonostylus bulged mesiad, with a

short apical tooth.

Etymology

The name is derived from the Latinized name of the type locality (the island of Oland, Sweden) of the

species.

Material examined

Holotype

SWEDEN: Oland, Morbylonga, Gamla Skogsby (Kalkstad), 56°37.002’ N, 16°30.457’ E, meadow

with bushes, Malaise trap (Trap ID 22), 20 May-28 Jun. 2006, Swedish Malaise Trap Project, SMNH

2652.

Description (male)

Head. Dark brown, antennal flagellomeres unicolorous, paler brown; maxillary palpus very pale brown.

Eye bridge 3 facets wide. Face with 15 scattered longer and shorter setae. Clypeus with 3 setae. Maxillary

palpus with 3 segments; segment 1 longer than segment 3, segment 2 shortest; segment 1 with 3 setae,

with small dorsal patch of sensilla in shallow depression; surface of antennal flagellomeres rough, body

of flagellomere 4 2.9x as long as wide, neck shorter than broad, longest setae as long as width of

flagellomere.

Thorax. Brown, setae dark. Anterior pronotum with 7 setae. Episternum 1 with 6 setae. Scutum with

long dorsocentrals, with some longer and shorter laterals, scutellum with short setae.

Wing. Fumose. Length 2.3 mm Width/length 0.45. Anal lobe small. Veins distinct. Rl/R 0.75. c/w 0.70.

r-m shorter than bM, both non-setose.

Legs. Yellowish brown. Coxal setae pale. Front tibial organ with pale vestiture forming a row. Front

tibial spur longer than tibial width. Claws without teeth.

Abdomen. Setae dark and long.

European Journal of Taxonomy 122: 1-15 (2015)

Hypopygium (Fig. 5A-C). Brown, concolorous with abdomen. Intercoxal area with lobe and possessing

ca. 10 long setae.

Gonocoxa. Broad, longer than gonostylus, ventromesial margin with elongated setae, dorsomesial

margin with distinct lobes.

Gonostylus. Globular, medially bulged mesiad, with dense apical setosity, with short narrow apical

tooth, with apical (lateral) megaseta, with specialized subapical seta. Tegmen conical, wealdy sclerotized,

with area of small aedeagal teeth. Aedeagal apodeme short but strong.

Remarks

Bradysia oelandica sp. nov. belongs to the Bradysia polonica group of Menzel & Mohrig (2000)

in having a broad intercoxal lobe of the hypopygium and an indistinct apical tooth at the end of the

gonostylus. The general structure of the gonostylus is fairly similar to the other species of that group,

but B. oelandica sp. nov. is easy to distinguish by the elongated setae at the apical part of the gonocoxa.

Fig. 5. Bradysia oelandica sp. nov. (holotype). A. Gonostylus, ventral view. B. Part of hypopygium,

ventral view. C. Medial parts of hypopygium, ventral view. Scale bars: A = 0.1 mm, B-C = 0.3 mm.

1 = lobe at dorsal mesial margin of gonocoxa, 2 = tegmen, 3 = gonocoxal apodeme, 4 = aedeagal

apodeme.

HELLER K., HIPPA H. & VILKAMAA P, Taxonomy of Bradysia

Bradysiaplusiospina sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9EEEEACl-6A5A-49EA-881B-lAA96CA76C28

Pig. 6A-B

Diagnosis

Medium-sized Bradysia. Brown. Maxillary palpus with 3 segments, segment 1 with a dorsal patch

of sensilla. Wing length 1.8-1.9 mm, anal lobe small. Gonocoxa and gonostylus narrow, gonostylus

straight, mesially weakly impressed, without apical tooth, with 7 sharp megasetae in two groups.

Etymology

The name is derived from the Latinized Greek word plousious (wealthy), and the Latin word spina

(spine), referring to the many gonostylar megasetae of the species.

Material examined

Holotype

LINLAND: S, Ostrobothnia borealis, Tervola, Yrttijanka (Grid 7346827:340814), near a spring. Malaise

trap, 1-28 Jun. 2004, J. Salmela, MZH.

Paratype

LINLAND: same data as holotype, MZH.

Fig. 6. Bradysia plusiospina sp. nov. (holotype). A. Part of hypopygium, ventral view. B. Gonostylus,

ventral view. Scales = 0.1 mm.

European Journal of Taxonomy 122: 1-15 (2015)

Description (male)

Head. Brown, antennal flagellomeres unicolorous, paler brown, maxillary palpus very pale brown. Eye

bridge 3 facets wide. Face with 31M0 scattered longer and shorter setae. Clypeus with 1 seta. Maxillary

palpus with 3 segments; segment 1 longer than segment 3, segment 2 shortest; segment 1 with 4-6 setae,

with dorsal patch of sensilla; surface of antennal flagellomeres smooth, body of flagellomere 4 3. lx as

long as wide, neck shorter than broad, longest setae slightly longer than the width of flagellomere.

Thorax. Brown, setae pale. Anterior pronotum with 6-7 setae. Episternum 1 with 8-9 setae. Scutum

with long dorsocentrals, with some longer and shorter laterals, scutellum with 2 longer and some short

setae.

Wing. Fumose. Length 1.8-1.9 mm Width/length 0.40. Anal lobe small. Veins distinct. Rl/R 0.80. c/w

0.60-0.70. r-m and bM subequal in length, r-m with 1 seta, bM non-setose.

Legs. Yellow. Coxal setae pale. Front tibial organ with pale vestiture forming short row. Front tibial spur

longer than tibial width. Claws without teeth.

Abdomen. Pale brown, setae pale and short.

Hypopygium (Fig. 6 A—B). Brown, concolorous with abdomen.

Gonocoxa. Narrow, longer than gonostylus, mesial margin with short setosity.

Gonostylus. Narrow, rather straight, slightly narrowed and curved towards apex, with mesial side

weakly impressed; with dense apical setosity, without apical tooth, with 7 megasetae, megasetae in

apical and subapical groups, subequal in size, sharp. Tegmen truncate, with straight lateral sides, wealdy

sclerotized, with area of aedeagal teeth. Aedeagal apodeme short.

Remarks

Bradysia plusiospina sp. nov. resembles B. pseudocampestris Mohrig, 1978 and B. angustata Tuomi-

koski, 1960 in the general form of the hypopygium and gonostylus, as well as in having the anal lobe

of the wing poorly developed. Bradysia angustata differs from the others in having an apical tooth and

slightly stronger megasetae in its gonostylus, and in having its wing even narrower than the others.

Bradysia plusiospina sp. nov. can be distinguished from B. pseudocampestris in having stronger

megasetae, some megasetae in a more lateral position than in the latter species and in having a more

setose basal part of its hypopygium (see Mohrig 1978: figs 4, 7). Bradysia plusiospina sp. nov. is placed

in the Bradysia fungicola group of Menzel & Mohrig (2000).

Bradysia quercina Menzel & Kohler, 2014

Fig. 7A-C

Material examined

Paratypes

SWEDEN: Smaland, Granna, Lonnemalen, 58°02.935’ N, 14°34.382’ E, next to old cellar in Norway

Spruce forest. Malaise trap (Trap ID 17), 10-24 Sep. 2003, Swedish Malaise Trap Project, 3 SS, no.

3184, 3185, SMNH, 4103, MZH; Smaland, Kalmar lan, Backebo, Grytsjon Nature Reserve, old aspen

forest in boulder terrain. Malaise trap, 15 Jun. 2006, Swedish Malaise Trap Project, 1 SMNH 678F

SWITZERLAND: Sihlwald near Zurich, window trap, 5 Jun. 1996, Schiegg, 1 $, PKHH 1805.

HELLER K., HIPPA H. & VILKAMAA P, Taxonomy of Bradysia

Remarks

Bradysia quercina Menzel & Kohler, 2014 was described as belonging to the Bradysia praecox group

on the basis of a number of specimens from Norway, Italy, Sweden and Switzerland (Kohler et al. 2014),

and its affinities were thoroughly discussed. To compare to the figures of the holotype provided in the

original description, we present drawings of the hypopygium and gonostylus of a paratype from Sweden

(Fig. 7).

Discussion

Bradysia is by far the most species-rich genus of Sciaridae, including about 400 species worldwide,

most in the Palaearctic region. With the present new species included, about 70 species are known from

both Pinland and Sweden. In the Nearctic region, only 20 species are known (Mohrig et al. 2013). This

is a strongly biased figure and our current knowledge of the Nearctic fauna is still very incomplete. Even

less is known of Bradysia from other biogeographical regions (see Vilkamaa et al. 2012). The newly

described species show that even in the areas for which the sciarid fauna is best known, new species

can be discovered. With many of the species morphologically very similar to each other, the genus is

probably the most challenging of all Sciaridae regarding its taxonomy. The Holarctic fauna has been

divided into sixteen species groups (Menzel & Mohrig 2000), but these have been formed mainly based

on general similarity. A recent phylogeny based on molecular characters challenges even the monophyly

of the genus (Shin et al. 2013).

Fig. 7. Bradysia quercina Menzel & Kohler, 2014 (from Sweden). A. Part of hypopygium, ventral view.

B. Gonostylus, ventral view. C. Apical part of gonostylus, ventral view. Scales = 0.1 mm.

European Journal of Taxonomy 122: 1-15 (2015)

Acknowledgements

We thank Rob Deady (Montreal, Canada), Werner Mohrig (Poseritz, Germany) and Jukka Salmela

(Rovaniemi, Finland) for materials and Bjorn Rulik (Bonn, Germany) for doing the DNA analyses. This

work was supported by the Swedish Taxonomy Initiative. Rob Deady kindly checked the English.

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Manuscript received: 6 February 2015

Manuscript accepted: 25 March 2015

Published on: 8 May 2015

Topic editor: Koen Martens

Desk editor: Danny Eibye-Jacobsen

Printed versions of all papers are also deposited in the libraries of the institutes that are members of

the EJT consortium: Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; Botanic Garden Meise,

Belgium; Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium; Natural History Museum, London,

United Kingdom; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium; Natural History

Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, De nm ark