European Journal of Taxonomy 198: 1-16

http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2016.198

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

ISSN 2118-9773

www. europeanj ournaloftaxonomy. eu

2016 • Constant J. & Pham H.-T.

Research article

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:36CCEA4B-B02D-4773-A7A0-687F305CBA8F

Maculergithus , a new subgenus in Gergithus Schumacher, 1915

with two new species from northern Vietnam

(Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae)

Jerome CONSTANT 1 * & Hong-Thai PHAM 2

1 Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, O.D. Phylogeny and Taxonomy, Entomology,

Vautier street 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.

2 Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology,

18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Hanoi, Vietnam.

* Corresponding author: jerome. constant@naturalsciences. be

2 Email: phamthai@vnmn vast vn

1 um:lsid:zoobank.org:author:6E6072Al-9415-4C8D-8E60-2504444DB290

2 um:lsid:zoobank.org:author:E34CB863-7E3B-4E8F-8738-B41C07D9F5F9

Abstract. The new subgenus Maculergithus subgen. nov. is established to accommodate two new

species of the genus Gergithus Stal, 1870 (Issinae, Hemisphaeriini): G. (Maculergithus) tamdao subgen.

et sp. nov. and G. (Maculergithus) luteomaculatus subgen. et sp. nov. from Tam Dao National Park

in North Vietnam. Two more species from Hainan, China, G. multipunctatus Che, Zhang & Wang,

2007 and G. nonomaculatus Meng & Wang, 2012 are also placed in Maculergithus subgen. nov. A fifth

species from Hainan, yet undescribed and erroneously identified as G. multipunctatus in recent papers

also belongs to this new subgenus. Illustrations of habitus, morphological details and male genitalia

together with a distribution map and an identification key to the species of Maculergithus subgen. nov.

are provided. Four species of the genus Gergithus are now recorded in Vietnam. A rectificative note on

the misinterpretation of G. multipunctatus in recent publications on Issidae is also provided.

Keywords. Global Taxonomic Initiative, Tonkin, planthopper, Fulgoroidea, China.

Constant J. & Pham H.-T. 2016. Maculergithus , a new subgenus in Gergithus Schumacher, 1915 with two new

species from northern Vietnam (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 198: 1-16.

http://dx.doi. org/10,5852/eit.2016,198

Introduction

In the family Issidae Spinola, 1839, the tribe Hemisphaeriini Melichar, 1906 currently groups 17 genera

and 184 species (Bourgoin 2016). It is mainly a Sino-Japanese and Oriental taxon, extending in its

borders into the Eastern Palaearctic and Oceanian realms (Holt et al. 2013). The genus Gergithus Stal,

1870 (Issinae, Hemisphaeriini) currently counts 60 species and 2 subspecies distributed in South-East

Asia (Bourgoin 2016). It was erected by Stal (1870) to include the type species Hemisphaerius schaumi

Stal, 1855, a species described by Stal (1855) from Taprobane Island on the southern coast of Sri Fanka,

European Journal of Taxonomy 198 : 1-16 ( 2016 )

while Melichar (1906) in his revision of the Issidae stated that Stal’s type specimen bears a label “Pulo

Penang” (in Malaysia). The genus Ishiharanus was later described by Hori (1969) to accommodate

one species originally described from Japan in Gergithus , G. iguchii Matsumura, 1916. The separation

of Ishiharanus from Gergithus was based on coloration, the short pronotum and the smooth frons in

Ishiharanus. Che et al. (2007) did not follow this view and proposed Ishiharanus as a junior synonym

of Gergithus. In recent years, the taxonomic effort concerning the family Issidae allowed the description

of 6 species of Gergithus from Taiwan (Chan & Yang 1994), and 11 species from China (Che et al. 2007;

Zhang & Che 2009; Meng & Wang 2012).

Only two species, G. gravidus Melichar, 1906 and G. iguchii Matsumura, 1916 are currently recorded

from Vietnam (Gnezdilov & Constant 2012; Gnezdilov et al. 2014). The former was originally described

by Melichar (1906) from Northern Vietnam and the latter, described from Japan, was mentioned from

Northern Vietnam by Fennah (1978).

The study of recently collected material in the framework of our Global Taxonomic Initiative project

“A step further in the Entomodiversity of Vietnam” revealed two new species of Gergithus from Tam

Dao National Park. They are closely related to G. multipunctatus Che, Zhang & Wang, 2007 and

G. nonomaculatus Meng & Wang, 2012 which were described from Hainan Island (China) (Che et al.

2007; Meng & Wang 2012).

Despite the illustrations given by Che et al. (2007) in their description of G. multipunctatus , Chen et al.

(2014) as well as Guo & Chen (2015) mistook the species for another one, as yet undescribed, which

does not show the typical yellow round spot on the frons and has very different male genitalia. Hence,

the photographs and drawings in both latter papers do not refer to G. multipunctatus but to a new species

with frons entirely black-brown on dorsal half and originating from Wuzhishan, Hainan (China).

The present paper aims at describing a new subgenus in Gergithus and two new species from Northern

Vietnam belonging to the new subgenus, and to clarify some taxonomic issues concerning Chinese

species included in the new subgenus. We also provide an illustrated identification key to the species,

and discuss the currently recorded distribution of the subgenus.

Material and methods

The specimens were captured by hand using small transparent vials with which they were slowly covered

or collected by sweeping the lower vegetation in the forest.

The genitalia were extracted after boiling the abdomen about one hour in a 10% solution of potassium

hydroxide (KOH) at about 100°C. Some drops of saturated alcoholic Chlorazol black solution were

added for contrasting (Carayon 1969). The pygofer was separated from the abdomen and the aedeagus

dissected with a needle blade for examination. The whole was then placed in glycerine for preservation

in a tube attached to the pin of the specimen.

The measurements were taken as in Constant (2004) and the following abbreviations are used:

BF = maximum breadth of the frons

BTg = maximum breadth of the tegmen

BV = ma xim um breadth of the vertex

LF = length of the frons in median line

LTg = maximum length of the tegmen

ET = total length (apex of head to apex of tegmina)

LV = length of the vertex in median line

CONSTANT J. & PHAMH.-T., Gergithus (Maculergithus ) (Hemiptera: Issidae)

The metatibiotarsal formula gives the number of spines on (side of metatibia) apex of metatibia/apex of

first metatarsus/apex of second metatarsus

For each picture a number of photographs were taken with a Canon 700D camera equipped with a

Ta mr on 90 mm Macro lens and staked with Combine Z software. They were optimized with Adobe

Photoshop CSS. Observations were done with a Teica MZ8 stereo microscope.

The Chinese material was not available for study and we based our observations for Gergithus

(Maculergithus) multipunctatus Che, Zhang & Wang, 2007 and Gergithus (Maculergithus) nonomaculatus

Meng & Wang, 2012 on the published illustrations (see also FTOW: http://hemiptera-databases.org/fl

ow/?page=explorer&db=flow&lang=en&card=taxon&rank=species&id=16949 and http://hemiptera-

databases.org/flow/?page=explorer&db=flow&lang=en&card=taxon&rank=species&id=17635 T

Acronyms used for the collections:

RBINS = Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium

VNMN = Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Hanoi, Vietnam

Results

Class Hexapoda Blainville, 1816

Order Hemiptera Tinnaeus, 1758

Suborder Auchenorrhyncha Dumeril, 1806

Infraorder Fulgoromorpha Evans, 1946

Superfamily Fulgoroidea Tatreille, 1807

Family Issidae Spinola, 1839

Subfamily Issinae Spinola, 1839

Tribe Hemisphaeriini Melichar, 1906

Genus Gergithus Stal, 1870

Gergithus Stal, 1870: 756. Type species: Hemisphaerius schaumi Stal, 1855 by original designation.

Ishiharanus Hori, 1969: 49 [synonymized by Che et al. 2007: 611]. Type species: Gergithus iguchii

Matsumura, 1916 by original designation.

The genus can be separated from other Hemisphaeriini with the key to the genera of Hemisphaeriini

proposed by Sun et al. (2012) with the following distinctive set of characters for Gergithus : (1) posterior

wing longer than half length of tegmen; (2) frons smooth without median carina or row of tubercles

along lateral margin.

Subgenus Maculergithus subgen. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C13CCE8B-1279-4FF8-8464-30553592E4B3

Type species

Gergithus (Maculergithus) tamdao subgen. et sp. nov.

Diagnosis

The new subgenus Maculergithus subgen. nov. in Gergithus is here erected for the species sharing the

combination of the following characters:

(1) ground colour black-brown;

(2) tegmina with numerous yellow spots separated from one another;

(3) frons with a broad yellow transverse band above fronto-clypeal suture;

European Journal of Taxonomy 198 : 1-16 ( 2016 )

(4) mesonotum with yellow spot on each lateral angle;

(5) posterior margin of pygofer of male genitalia strongly rounded posterad in lateral view;

(6) anal tube elongate, truncate apically and with apicolateral angles projecting posteroventrally.

Etymology

The name is formed by the combination of “maculatus” (adj., Latin) = spotted and “ Gergithus ”, the

genus to which pertains the new subgenus. It is masculine in gender.

Species included

Gergithus (Maculergithus) luteomaculatus subgen. et sp. nov. (Vietnam, Tam Dao National Park),

Gergithus (Maculergithus) multipunctatus Che, Zhang & Wang, 2007 (China, Hainan Island: Jianfeng

Mountain),

Gergithus (Maculergithus) nonomaculatus Meng & Wang, 2012 (China, Hainan Island: Bawangling

Mountain),

Gergithus (Maculergithus) tamdao subgen. et sp. nov. (Vietnam, Tam Dao National Park).

The subgenus currently contains 4 species, but an undescribed species from Hainan Island (Wuzhishan),

illustrated and erroneously referred to as G. multipunctatus in both Chen et al. (2014: 56) and Guo &

Chen (2015), also belongs to the group.

Pending additional new groupings (see discussion), all other species are currently retained in the nominal

subgenus Gergithus (Gergithus) Stal, 1870.

Distribution

Currently known distribution includes Hainan Island (China) and Tam Dao massif (North Vietnam)

(Fig. 1).

20"N

104* E

luteomaculatus + tamdao # maculipennis

108°E

nonomaculatus

sp.

2000

1500

1000

500

0 100 200 300

Fig. 1. Distribution map of the species of Gergithus (Maculergithus) subgen. nov. in North Vietnam and

Hainan.

CONSTANT J. & PHAMH.-T., Gergithus ( Maculergithus ) (Hemiptera: Issidae)

Fig. 2. Gergithus (Maculergithus) subgen. nov., schema of maculation of frons and left tegmen.

A-B. Gergithus (Maculergithus) luteomaculatus subgen. et sp. nov. C-D. Gergithus (Maculergithus)

multipunctatus Che, Zhang & Wang, 2007. E-F. Gergithus (Maculergithus) nonomaculatus Meng &

Wang, 2012. G-H. Gergithus (Maculergithus) tamdao subgen. et sp. nov. I-J. Gergithus (Maculergithus)

sp. (drawings by J. Caudron, RBINS; C-F, I-J based on illustrations of original descriptions).

European Journal of Taxonomy 198 : 1-16 ( 2016 )

Biology

All species seem to live in forested zones of mountainous regions.

Identification key to the species of Gergithus (Maculergithus):

1. Vertex brown; yellow round spot on frons near dorsal margin (Fig. 2C); tegmina with 10 yellow

spots in total (Fig. 2D). Recorded from Jianfeng Mountain, Hainan, China.

. Gergithus (Maculergithus) multipunctatus Che, Zhang & Wang, 2007

- Vertex yellow; yellow spot of frons extending to vertex, or no yellow spot on dorsal half of frons;

tegmina with 8, 9 or 10 yellow spots in total .2

2. Yellow spot of frons extending to vertex (Fig. 2A, G).3

- Dorsal half of frons brown without yellow spot (Fig. 2E, I) .4

3. Tegmina with 2 yellow spots along sutural margin and 8 yellow spots in total (Fig. 2B). Recorded from

Tam Dao N.R, Vietnam. G. (Maculergithus) luteomaculatus subgen. et sp. nov.

- Tegmina with 3 yellow spots along sutural margin and 10 yellow spots in total (Fig. 2H). Recorded

from Tam Dao N.R, Vietnam. G. (Maculergithus) tamdao subgen. et sp. nov.

4. Tegmina with 9 yellow spots in total (Fig. 2F). Recorded from Bawangling Mountain, Hainan,

China. G. (Maculergithus) nonomaculatus Meng & Wang, 2012

- Tegmina with 10 yellow spots in total (Fig. 2J). Recorded from Wuzhishan, Hainan, China.

. G. (Maculergithus) sp.

Gergithus (Maculergithus) luteomaculatus subgen. et sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8E0B399D-54DE-4657-8150-299082810E09

Figs 1, 2A-B, 3M

Diagnosis

The species can be recognized by the following combination of characters: (1) frons with a yellow spot

along dorsal margin; (2) vertex yellow; (3)2 yellow spots on tegmina along sutural margin; (4) tegmina

with 8 yellow spots in total.

Etymology

The species epithet is formed by the juxtaposition of luteus (adj., Latin) = yellow and maculatus (adj.,

Latin) = spotted. It refers to the yellow spots on the mesonotum and tegmina of the species.

Type material

Holotype

VIETNAM: $ (dissected. Fig. 3): [Coll. I.R.Sc.N.B., Vietnam, Tam Dao N.P., 25-30.vii.2011, day

collecting, Leg. J. Constant & J. Bresseel, I.G.: 31.933] (RBINS).

Paratype

VIETNAM: $: [VP-VQG Tam Dao, R900, 15/VII/01] (VNMN).

Description

Measurements and ratios. LT: $ (n = 1): 6.4 mm; $ (n = 1): 7.5 mm Ratio BV/LV = 4.3; LF/BF = 0.85;

LTg/BTg = 1.5.

CONSTANT J. & PHAM HAT, Gergithus ( Maculergithus ) (Hemiptera: Issidae)

Head. Vertex slightly excavate, bright yellow (Fig. 3A). Frons smooth and convex, largely visible from

above, black-brown with broad transverse bright yellow band slightly above clypeo-frontal suture, and

rounded bright yellow spot along dorsal margin, not reaching dorsolateral angles (Fig. 3A-D). Genae

black-brown, bright yellow under antennae (Fig. 3C). Clypeus smooth, slightly carinate subapically,

black-brown with medio-basal diffuse small brown patch (Fig. 3B, D). Tabium dark brown, reaching

median coxae, with last segment narrower and shorter than penultimate. Antennae black-brown. Scape

very short; pedicel subglobulose, slightly elongate.

F Coil. I.R.Sc.N.B.

Vietnam, Tam Dao N.P.

25-30.vii.2011, day collecting

Leg. J. Constant & J. Bresseei

I.G.: 31.933

Fig. 3. Gergithus (Maculergithus) luteomaculatus subgen. et sp. nov., holotype, $, total length: 6.4 mm.

A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Habitus, frontal view.

E. Right hind wing. F. Tabel.

European Journal of Taxonomy 198 : 1-16 ( 2016 )

Fig. 4. Gergithns (Maculergithus) luteomaculatus subgen. et sp. nov., holotype, male genitalia.

A. Pygofer, anal tube and gonostyli, left lateral view. B. Anal tube, dorsal view. C. Left gonostylus,

posterior view. D. Aedeagus, postero-ventral view. E. Aedeagus, left lateral view. F. Aedeagus, right

lateral view. Abbreviations: An = anal tube; G = gonostyli; Py = pygofer. Scale bars: 1 mm.

CONSTANT J. & PHAMH.-T., Gergithus (Maculergithns ) (Hemiptera: Issidae)

Thorax. Pronotum minutely punctured, with anterior margin slightly carinate behind head and 2

impressed points in middle; entirely black-brown (Fig. 3A, C). Mesonotum minutely punctured, with

transverse carina along anterior margin; black-brown with round bright yellow spot on each side

before lateral angle (Fig. 3A). Scutellum slightly wrinkled transversely (Fig. 3A). Tegulae black-brown

(Fig. 3A, C).

Tegmina. (Fig. 3 A, C) Black-brown, elongate, minutely punctured, with external margin broadly rounded

and apical margin rounded. Reticulum of veins very slightly visible. Eight bright yellow spots organized,

from base to apex: 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,2, 1, with 4 spots along costal margin and 2 spots along sutural margin.

Hind wings. (Fig. 3E) Brown, unilobed, with veins darker, slightly shorter than tegmina. Venation

reticulate with main longitudinal veins distinct basally and numerous cross-veinlets. Costal margin

strongly sinuate; sutural margin angularly rounded at mid-length and apical margin rounded.

Legs. (Fig. 3A-D) Elongate and slender. Pro- and mesocoxae black; metacoxae dark brown. Femora

brown. Protibiae black-brown, paler on internoventral face; mesotibiae brown with externoventral carina

black; metatibiae yellow-brown with 2 lateral spines near apex and 6 apical spines. Protarsi dark brown;

mesotarsi brown; metatarsi yellow-brown. Metatibotarsal formula: (2) 6/7/2.

Male genitalia

Pygofer higher than broad and with posterior margin strongly sinuate and roundly projecting in middle

in lateral view, and strongly narrowing dorsally (Fig. 4A). Gonostyli longer than high in lateral view

(Fig. 4A) with capitulum well developed; capitulum apically laminate and projecting anterointemally;

lateral spine of capitulum acute, hooked and projecting anteroventrally; ventroapical margin of gonostyli

rounded in lateral view (Fig. 4A, C). Anal tube 1.45 times longer in median line than broad, dorso-

ventrally flattened and curved ventrally on posterior half; sides broadly rounded and apex truncate in

middle (Fig. 4A-B); posterolateral angles projecting posteroventrally (Fig. 4A-B). Aedeagus strongly

asymmetrical with ventral lobe of phallobase elongate, parallel-sided, slightly concave internally and

roundly truncate apically (Fig. 4D, F). Lateroapical processes of phallobase elongate and spinose, nearly

reaching apex of phallus; right process emarginate laterally towards apex (Fig. 4D-F). Left ventrolateral

lobe of phallobase laminate and projecting laterally with 3 pointed processes projecting anterolaterally,

the median one more developed, and another, more posterior pointed process projecting laterally

(Fig. 4D-E). Small hook-shaped lateral process at basal half, on each side (Fig. 4 D-F). Right lateral

lobe of phallobase laminate, slightly concave internally (Fig. 4F).

Distribution

Known from Vietnam, Vinh Phuc province, Tam Dao National Park. See map Fig. 1.

Biology

The specimens were collected on lower vegetation, in moist evergreen low mountain forest at an altitude

around 1,000 m above sea level.

Gergithus (Maculergithus) multipunctatus Che, Zhang & Wang, 2007

Figs 1, 2C-D

Gergithus multipunctatus Che et al. 2007: 621 [described], figs 42-50 [head, thorax, tegmen, hind wing

and male genitalia illustrated].

Gergithus multipunctatus - Meng & Wang 2012: 4 [keyed], 8 [compared with G. nonopunctatus Meng

& Wang, 2012] — Chen et al. 2014: 4 [listed from China], 190 [distribution, material examined - see

note infra].

European Journal of Taxonomy 198 : 1-16 ( 2016 )

non Gergithus multipunctatus - Chen et al. 2014: (erroneous: based on wrong identification of an

undescribed species) 50 [keyed], 55 [described], 56 [habitus, details and male genitalia illustrated], 190

[material examined (see note infra)] — Guo & Chen 2015: (erroneous: based on wrong identification of

an undescribed species) 430 [material examined], 431 [colour and ratios], 432M33 [male genitalia], figs

9-10, 17, 23, 29, 35 [habitus, frons and male genitalia illustrated].

Note

The illustrations of the species by Chen et al. (2014) and Guo & Chen (2015) show strong discrepancies

when comparing with the original description and accompanying illustrations provided by Che et al.

(2007). The specimen illustrated in the two first papers shows a yellow vertex (instead of brown) and

frons without yellow spot near dorsal margin. The illustrations of the male genitalia, despite their poor

quality in the two first works, also show strong differences, especially obvious in the shape of the

ventrolateral lobe of the phallobase which is much larger in Che et al. (2007).

The list of material examined by Chen et al. (2014) mentions only one male available for genitalia

examination. It originates from Hainan, Wuzhishan, rather far from Jianfeng Mountain, the only surely

recorded location for G. (Maculergithus) multipunctatus to date.

The concept of G. (Maculergithus) multipunctatus in Chen et al. (2014) and Guo & Chen (2015) should

not be taken as indicative of the species.

Diagnosis

The species can be recognized by the following combination of characters: (1) frons with a round yellow

spot below dorsal margin, not reaching the latter; (2) vertex brown; (3) 4 yellow spots on tegmina along

sutural margin; (4) tegmina with 10 yellow spots in total.

Identification can be confirmed by the male genitalia characters illustrated in Che et al. (2007: figs 46-

49).

Distribution

Known from China, Hainan: Jianfeng Mountain (Che et al. 2007) (see map Fig. 1).

Remark

The mention of the species in Hainan: Wuzhishan by Chen et al. (2014) is based on the misidentification

of a yet undescribed species and hence erroneous.

Gergithus (Maculergithus) nonomaculatus Meng & Wang, 2012

Figs 1, 2E-F

Gergithus nonomaculatus Meng & Wang 2012: 4 [keyed], 5 [described], figs 1-18 [habitus, details,

male and female genitalia illustrated].

Gergithus nonomaculatus - Chen et al. 2014: 4 [listed from China].

Diagnosis

The species can be recognized by the following combination of characters: (1) frons without yellow spot

along dorsal margin; (2) vertex yellow; (3)3 yellow spots on tegmina along sutural margin; (4) tegmina

with 9 yellow spots in total.

Identification can be confirmed by the male genitalia characters illustrated in Meng & Wang (2012: figs

16-18).

CONSTANT J. & PHAMH.-T., Gergithus (Maculergithus ) (Hemiptera: Issidae)

Distribution

Known from China, Hainan, Bawangling Mountain (Meng & Wang 2012) (see map Fig. 1).

Gergithus (Maculergithus) tamdao subgen. et sp. nov.

um:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4368D0A6-3ClD-42EB-91B2-59769EE60780

Figs 1, 2G-H, 5-6

Diagnosis

The species can be recognized on the following combination of characters: (1) frons with a yellow spot

along dorsal margin; (2) vertex yellow; (3)3 yellow spots on tegmina along sutural margin; (4) tegmina

with 10 yellow spots in total.

Etymology

The species epithet refers to the type location, Tam Dao National Park in North Vietnam. It is used as a

noun in apposition.

Type material

Holotype

VIETNAM: $ (dissected. Fig. 5): [Coll. I.R.Sc.N.B., Vietnam, Tam Dao N.P, 21°3FN 105°33'E, 25-

30.vii.2011, day collecting. Leg. J. Constant & J. Bresseel, I.G.: 31.993] (RBINS).

Paratype

VIETNAM: 1 §: same data as holotype (VNMN).

Description

Measurements and ratios. LT: $ (n = 1): 6.0 mm ; § (n =1): 6.5 mm Ratio BV/LV = 4.0; LF/BF = 0.84;

LTg/BTg= 1.73.

Head. Vertex slightly excavate, bright yellow (Fig.5A). Frons smooth and convex, largely visible from

above, black-brown with broad transverse bright yellow band slightly above clypeo-frontal suture, and

rounded bright yellow spot along dorsal margin, not reaching dorsolateral angles (Fig. 5A-D). Genae

black-brown, bright yellow under antennae (Fig. 5C). Clypeus smooth, slightly carinate subapically,

black-brown (Fig. 5B, D). Labium dark brown, reaching median coxae, with last segment narrower

and shorter than penultimate. Antennae black-brown. Scape very short; pedicel subglobulose, slightly

elongate.

Thorax. Pronotum minutely punctured, with anterior margin slightly carinate behind head and 2

impressed points in middle; entirely black-brown (Fig. 5A, C). Mesonotum minutely punctured, with

transverse carina along anterior margin; black-brown with round bright yellow spot on each side before

lateral angle (Fig. 5A). Scutellum slightly wrinkled transversely (Fig. 5A). Tegulae black-brown (Fig.

5A, C).

Tegmina. (Fig. 5A, C) Black-brown, elongate, minutely punctured, with external margin and apical

margins rounded. Reticulum of veins very slightly visible. Ten bright yellow spots organized, from base

to apex: 1,2, 1,2, 1,2, 1, with 4 spots along costal margin and 3 spots along sutural margin.

Hind wings. Brown, unilobed, with veins darker, slightly shorter than tegmina. Venation reticulate with

main longitudinal veins distinct basally and numerous cross-veinlets. Costal margin strongly sinuate;

sutural margin angularly rounded at mid-length and apical margin rounded.

European Journal of Taxonomy 198: 1-16 (2016)

Legs. (Figs 5A-D) Elongate and slender. Pro- and mesocoxae black; metacoxae yellow-brown. Femora

yellow-brown. Protibiae yellow-brown with anterodorsal and anteroventral carinae black; mesotibiae

yellow-brown with externoventral carina black; metatibiae yellow-brown with 2 lateral spines near apex

and 6 apical spines. Protarsi yellow-brown; mesotarsi and metatarsi yellow. Metatibotarsal formula: (2)

6/7/2.

Coll. I.R.Sc.N.B.

Vietnam, Tam Dao N.P.

21°31'N 105°33’E, 25-

30.vii.2011 day collecting

Leg. J. Constant & J.

Bresseel, I.G.: 31.993

Fig. 5. Gergithus (Maculergithus) tarndao subgen. et sp. nov., holotype, S, total length: 6.0 mm.

A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Habitus, frontal view.

E. Label.

CONSTANT J. & PHAMH.-T., Gergithus ( Maculergithus ) (Hemiptera: Issidae)

Fig. 6. Gergithus (Maculergithus) tamdao subgen. et sp. nov., holotype, male genitalia. A. Pygofer,

anal tube and gonostyli, left lateral view. B. Anal tube, dorsal view. C. Teft gonostylus, posterior view.

D. Aedeagus, postero-ventral view. E. Aedeagus, left lateral view. F. Aedeagus, right lateral view.

Abbreviations: An = anal tube; G = gonostyli; Py = pygofer. Scale bars: 1 mm.

European Journal of Taxonomy 198: 1-16 (2016)

Male genitalia

Pygofer higher than broad and with posterior margin strongly sinuate and roundly projecting in middle

in lateral view, and emarginate dorsally (Fig. 6A). Gonostyli slightly longer than high in lateral view

(Fig. 6A) with capitulum well developed; capitulum apically laminate and projecting anterointernally;

lateral spine of capitulum acute, hooked and projecting lateroventrally; ventroapical margin of gonostyli

rounded in lateral view (Fig. 6A, C). Anal tube 1.5 times longer in median line than broad, dorso-

ventrally flattened and curved ventrally on posterior half; sides broadly rounded and apex truncate in

middle (Fig. 6A-B); posterolateral angles projecting posteroventrally (Fig. 6A-B). Aedeagus strongly

asymmetrical with ventral lobe of phallobase elongate, parallel-sided, and roundly truncate apically

(Fig. 6D). Lateroapical processes of phallobase elongate and spinose, nearly reaching apex of phallus;

right process sinuate internally towards apex (Fig. 6D-F). Left ventrolateral lobe of phallobase laminate

and projecting laterally with 2 pointed processes projecting anterolaterally, the dorsal one much more

developed, and another more posterior pointed process projecting laterally (Fig. 6D-E). Rather long,

spinose lateral process at basal half, on each side, projecting dorsoanteriorly (Fig. 6D-F). Right lateral

lobe of phallobase laminate, slightly concave internally (Fig. 6F).

Distribution

Known from Vietnam, Vinh Phuc province, Tam Dao National Park (see map Fig. 1).

Biology

The specimens were collected on lower vegetation, in moist evergreen low mountain forest at an altitude

around 1000 m above sea level.

Gergithus (Maculergithus) sp.

Figs 1, 2I-J

Gergithus multipunctatus - Chen et al. 2014 (erroneously identified as G. multipunctatus Che, Zhang

& Wang, 2007): 50 [keyed], 55 [described], 56 [habitus, details and male genitalia illustrated], 190

[material examined - see note infra] — Guo & Chen 2015 (erroneously identified as G. multipunctatus

Che, Zhang & Wang, 2007): 430 [material examined], 431 [colour and ratios], 432^133 [male genitalia],

figs 9-10, 17, 23, 29, 35 [habitus, frons and male genitalia illustrated].

Diagnostic characters

The species can be recognized on the following combination of characters: (1) frons without yellow spot

along dorsal margin; (2) vertex yellow; (3)3 yellow spots on tegmina along sutural margin; (4) tegmina

with 10 yellow spots in total.

Distribution

Known from China, Hainan, Wuzhishan (Meng & Wang 2012) (see map Fig. 1).

Discussion

Including the 2 species described in this paper, the genus Gergithus now contains 62 species. The new

subgenus Maculergithus subgen. nov. is the first cut proposed inside the genus while it is obvious that

other groups of species exist within the genus. As an example, there is a group of new species (Constant

unpublished data) very closely related to G. gravidus Melichar, 1906, which form a very consistent

natural group with the latter.

The currently known distribution of Gergithus (Maculergithus) is restricted to Hainan Island in SE

C hin a and the Tam Dao massif in northern Vietnam. This distribution pattern is similar to the one

CONSTANT J. & PHAMH.-T., Gergithus ( Maculergithns ) (Hemiptera: Issidae)

observed in other Issidae like e.g. Pseudochoutagus Che, Zhang & Wang, 2011 (Hainan and Tam Dao -

Che et al. 2011; Gnezdilov & Constant 2012) and Neogergithoides Sun, Meng & Wang, 2012 (Hainan,

mountains of SE China and mountains of N Vietnam - Sun et al. 2012; Constant & Pham 2015). It

seems worth mentioning that Hainan and Tam Dao are prospected by entomologists on a regular basis

and hence it is likely that further exploration of the less known mountains of N Vietnam and SE China

(especially Yunnan and Guangdong provinces, and Guangxi autonomous region in China) will reveal a

number of additional species. The apparently restricted distribution of the species (see Fig. 1) in Hainan

and the fact that species can occur sympatrically (as in Tam Dao) are additional clues which encourage

the taxonomic prospection in the region.

Acknowledgments

We thank Mr Joachim Bresseel (collaborator, RBINS) and Mr Vu Tru Hoang (Institute of Ecology

and Biological Resources, Hanoi, Vietnam) for their company and enthusiasm during our fieldwork in

Vietnam; Dr Patrick Grootaert (RBINS) for his permanent support to our projects; Mr Julien Caudron

(RBINS) for the drawings illustrating the key. Our project in Vietnam is supported through a grant issued

by the capacity building Programme of the Belgian Global Taxonomic Initiative National Focal Point

that runs with financial support from the Belgian Directorate-General for Development Cooperation.

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Manuscript received: 9 December 2015

Manuscript accepted: 12 January 2016

Published on: 19 May 2016

Topic editor: Koen Martens

Desk editor: Kristiaan Hoedemakers

Printed versions of all papers are also deposited in the libraries of the institutes that are members of the

EJT consortium: Museum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France; Botanic Garden Meise, Belgium;

Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium; Natural History Museum, London, United

Kingdom; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium; Natural History Museum of

Denmark, Copenhagen, De nm ark