European Journal of Taxonomy 6: 1-10
http://dx.doi.Org/10.5852/ejt.2012.6
ISSN 2118-9773
www. europeanj oumaloftaxonomy. eu
2012 • Kjell A. Johanson & Hong-Thai Pham
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
Three new species of Helicopsyche (Trichoptera, Helicopsychidae)
from northern Vietnam, with a key to Helicopsyche species of Vietnam
Johanson K.A. & Pham H.-T. 2011. Three new species of Helicopsyche (Trichoptera, Helicopsychidae) from
northern Vietnam, with a key to Helicopsyche species of Vietnam. European Journal of Taxonomy 6: 1-10. http://
dx.doi.org/10.5852/eit.2012.6
Kjell A. JOHANSON 1 & Hong-Thai PHAM 2
Swedish Museum of Natural History, Entomology Department, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm.
E-mail: [email protected] (corresponding author)
^Department of Insect Systematics, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, 18 Hoang Quoc
Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Three new species of Helicopsyche Siebold, 1856 are described from Vietnam: Helicopsyche
melina sp. nov., Helicopsyche meander sp. nov., and Helicopsyche lamnata sp. nov. All species were
described from Melinh Station for Biodiversity in the Me Linh District of Vinh Phuc Province. The
species were collected mainly in Malaise traps situated across a small stream surrounded by lowland
forest. Some individuals were also collected on light in traps situated at the stream bank.
Key words. Vietnam, Helicopsychidae, taxonomy, Vinh Phuc, stream.
Introduction
With 270 described species the snail-case caddisfly genus Helicopsyche Siebold, 1856, ranks as the
tenth largest genus in the order Trichoptera. The genus has been recorded from all major faunal regions,
except Antarctica (Johanson 1998) and has the highest species diversity southern latitude interval
5-30° and southern latitude interval 15-45° (Johanson 1997). With 30 described Helicopsyche species
(Johanson 1999), the 17,000 km 2 large New Caledonian Grande Terre has the highest density of species
in the world. The larva of all species are reported to build dextrally coiled larval cases made from sand
grains and glued together by silk. They live in permanent and preferably running water bodies, often in
well-shaded forest streams and rivers. The 71 previously described Helicopsyche species of the Oriental
Region (Morse 2011) are classified in two subgenera, Galeopsyche Johanson, 1998 and Helicopsyche
Siebold, 1856 (Johanson 1998). The first record of Helicopsyche from Vietnam was that of Helicopsyche
azwudschgal Malicky, 1995, described from Tam Dao National Park at 800-1,100 m altitude. Schefter &
Johanson (2001) described three more species from the country: Helicopsyche khemoiensis Schefter &
Johanson, 2001 (from Nghe An District), Helicopsyche azunensis Schefter & Johanson, 2001, and
Helicopsyche dacklestensis Schefter & Johanson, 2001 (the two latter from Gia Lai District). Malicky
(2010) listed the following two additional species from Vietnam: Helicopsyche boniata Malicky &
Chantaramongkol, 1992, Helicopsyche admata Malicky & Chantaramongkol, 1992, both originally
described from Thailand. With the addition of the three new species recorded and described below, the
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European Journal of Taxonomy 6: 1-10 (2012)
known diversity of Helicopsyche in Vietnam is nine species, only slightly lower than found in Thailand
(fourteen spp.).
This research was executed to increase our knowledge about the taxonomic species diversity and
morphological variation in the family Helicopsychidae, as well as to increase our understanding of the
biogeography of individual species in the group.
Material and methods
The material was collected in light traps between 4-5 th April and Malaise traps between 4-12 th April 2011
in the Vinh Phuc Province, Me Linh District, at a stream near Ngoc Thanh Village, Melinh Station for
Biodiversity. It comprises 357 male and 81 female Helicopsyche ; the males divided into three species
while the females are not associated or determined.
The specimens were identified to morphospecies without initial treatment of the genitalia. Before
illustrated the abdomen of the species were macerated in ProteinaseK for extraction of DNA, and for
a short period in hot 8% KOH to remove remaining tissue. Each abdomen was temporarily mounted
in Euparal on a microscope slide and illustrated using a drawing tube mounted on a Leitz Ortholux II
light microscope. The individual illustrations were scanned in 600 dpi gray scale and used as a digital
background layer in Adobe® Photoshop® CS v.8.0. The final illustration was drawn using a Wacom®
sketchpad and digital pen. After illustration, upper layer was saved into final illustrations. The abdomen
with genitalia was thereafter transferred into 80% ethanol in a micro-vial, together with the rest of
the specimen. Terminology for morphological characters mainly follows that of Johanson (1998) and
Olah & Johanson (2008).
The material is deposited in the following institutions:
IEBR = Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi, Vietnam
NHRS = Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
Results
Helicopsyche melina sp. nov.
Fig 1
Diagnosis
Helicopsyche melina sp. nov. is most similar to H. admata Malicky & Chantaramongkol, 1992, H
dacklestenensis Schefter & Johanson, 2001 and H. nastia Malicky & Melnitsky (Melnitsky & Malicky
2008) particularly due to the presence of four-segmented maxillary palps in combination with the nearly
similar shape of the gonopods and tergum X in lateral view. The new species is easily distinguished
from these by the presence of a well-developed transverse plate of segment IX located at mid-height
of posterior part of the segment; the primary branch of each gonopod is produced anterad; and the
secondary branch of each gonopod is long, straight, and oriented in right angle to the primary branch of
the gonopods.
Etymology
Melina , named after the Melinh Station for Biodiversity, near the type locality.
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JOHANSONK.A. & PHAM H.-T., New Helicopsyche from Vietnam
Material examined
Holotype $
VIETNAM: V inh Phuc Prov, Me Linh District, stream near Ngoc Thanh Village, Melinh Station for
Biodiversity, 21°23'28.2"N, 105°42'46.7"E, 233 m, Malaise trap 4-12 Apr. 2011, loc#VN001, leg. K.A.
Johanson, PH. Thai & T.T. Du (NHRS, alcohol) [DNA voucher IP7],
Fig. 1 . Helicopsyche melina sp. nov., $ holotype. A. abdominal sternum VI, lateral view. B. abdominal
sternal process VI, ventral view. C. genitalia, lateral view. D. genitalia, dorsal view. E. genitalia, ventral
view. F. phallus, lateral view. G. phallus, ventral view.
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European Journal of Taxonomy 6: 1-10 (2012)
Paratypes $
VIETNAM: 8 SS, Vinh Phuc Prov, Me Linh Distr, stream near Ngoc Thanh Village, 21°23'40.1"N,
105°42'54.9"E, light trap 5 Apr. 2011, loc#VN008, leg. K.A. Johanson, PH. Thai & T.T. Du (IEBR,
alcohol); 241 c?c?, Vinh Phuc Prov, Me Linh District, stream near Ngoc Thanh Village, 21°23'48.4"N,
105°42'56.1"E, 186 m, Malaise trap 5-12 Apr. 2011, loc#VN006, leg. K.A. Johanson, PH. Thai & T.T.
Du (NHRS, alcohol); 20 SS, Vinh Phuc Prov, Me Linh District, stream near Ngoc Thanh Village,
21°23'48.4"N, 105°42'56.1"E, 186 m, Malaise trap 5-12 Apr. 2011, loc#VN006, leg. K.A. Johanson,
PH. Thai & T.T. Du (IEBR, alcohol); 34 SS, Vinh Phuc Prov, Me Linh Distr, stream near Ngoc Tha nh
Village, 21°23'38.9"N, 105°42' 50.7 M E, light trap 4 Apr. 2011, loc#VN002, leg. K.A. Johanson, PH.
Thai & T.T. Du (NHRS, alcohol); 2 $$, Vinh Phuc Prov, Me Linh Distr, stream near Ngoc Thanh
Village, 21°23'58.7"N, 105°42'49.8"E, light trap 5 Apr. 2011, loc#VN007, leg. K.A. Johanson, PH.
Thai & T.T. Du (NHRS, alcohol).
Description
Maxillary palps. Tour-segmented, each segment gradually shorter distally. Pair of interantennal setal
warts bean shaped, each about as long as width of individual scapus. Each scapus about as long as each
basal segment of maxillary palps. Spur formula 1,2,4; each foreleg spur slightly shorter than each first
tarsomere.
Length. Lorewing 2.8-3.6 mm, hind wing 2.3-2.9 mm (N = 10).
Male abdomen and genitalia. (Tig. 1) Sternal process VI about one-fifth as long as sternum VI, straight,
oriented posteroventrad; slightly tapering in lateral view (Tig. 1A); with slightly club-shaped apex in
ventral view (Pig. IB). Segment IX about as long as high in lateral view (Tig. 1C); each anterior lobe of
segment IX (Tig. 1C) narrowly and symmetrically ellipsoid in lateral view, oriented anterad; anterodorsal
and anteroventral margins almost straight (Tig. 1C); in dorsal view, inner margin forming narrowly
ellipsoid cavity (Tig. ID); in ventral view, without central posterior process (Tig. IE); inner margin
forming nearly triangular cavity; lateral apodemes nearly horizontal (Pig. 1C), widening anteriorly,
meeting anterior margin, sub-marginal line absent; tergal transverse apodemes well-developed; sternal
transverse apodeme absent. Transverse plate of segment IX located at mid-height of posterior margin
of segment IX; in lateral view almost club-shaped, curving ventrad (Pig. 1C); in ventral view forming
broadly heart-shaped plate above basal part of gonopods (Pig. IE). Tergum X, in lateral view, oriented
posterad (Fig. 1C), almost straight, tapering along its length; apex strongly pointed (Fig. ID); in dorsal
view (Fig. ID), deeply divided into pair of tapering, divergent branches, with about 3 pairs of equally
long megasetae in apical group, starting opposite to apex of gonopods in lateral view (Fig. 1C). Superior
appendages tubular (Fig. ID), slightly curving dorsally. Primary branch of gonopods, in lateral view
(Fig. 1C), oriented dorsally, broadened distad to mid-height; anterior margin smooth, strongly concave;
dorsal and posterior margins edged, undulating, posteroventral margin almost straight (Fig. 1C); apices
produced mesad into rounded lobes above basolateral part of tergum X. Secondary branch of gonopods
nearly as long as secondary branch of gonopods; slender, almost straight in lateral view, except apex
slightly curving dorsad; with few setae; curving mediad in ventral view (Fig. IE). Basomesal lobes
absent. Basal plate, in lateral view (Fig. 1C), nearly straight, narrowing along its length, slightly produced
beyond anteroventral margin of segment IX in lateral view (Fig. 1C); narrow in ventral view (Fig. IE).
Phallic apparatus, lateral view, tube-shaped along its length (Fig. IF), narrowest shortly after basis, apex
about as broad as base; nearly straight after mid-length; in ventral view, with basis narrow (Fig. 1G);
widest immediately after mid-length; endotheca weakly produced, posteroventral part not sclerotized,
except pair of weakly sclerotized pair of triangular processes distally of phallic sclerite.
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JOHANSONK.A. & PHAM H.-T., New Helicopsyche from Vietnam
Helicopsyche meander sp. nov.
Fig. 2
Diagnosis
Helicopsyche meander sp. nov. is most similar to H. lamnata sp. nov., H. anaktangga Malicky, 1995, H.
anaksaku Malicky, 1995, H. minyas Malicky & Nawvong (Malicky etal. 2004) and H. cymodoce Schmid,
1993, particularly due to the presence of two-segmented maxillary palps in combination with the nearly
similar shape of the gonopods in lateral view. The new species is distinguished from H. anaktangga , H.
anaksaku , H. minyas and H cymodoce by the pointed apex of tergum X in lateral view; and from H.
lamnata sp. nov., H. anaksaku and H. minyas by the more strongly S-shaped gonopods. It is furthermore
separated from H. lamnata sp. nov. by the absence of a central posterior process of segment IX.
Etymology
Meander , named after the shape of the gonopods, resembling a meandering river.
Material examined
Holotype $
VIETNAM: Vinh Phuc Prov, Me Linh District, stream near Ngoc Thanh Village, Melinh Station for
Biodiversity, 21°23'28.2"N, 105 o 42'46.7"E, 233 m, Malaise trap 4-12 Apr. 2011, loc#VN001, leg. K.A.
Johanson, PH. Thai & T.T. Du (NHRS, alcohol) [DNA voucher IP7],
Description
Maxillary palps. Two-segmented, with distal segment slightly longer than basal segment. Pair of
interantennal setal warts semi-spherical, elevated. Each scapus about as long as each basal segment of
maxillary palps. Spur formula 1,2,4; each foreleg spur slightly shorter than each first tarsomere.
Lenth. Fore wing 3.7 mm, hind wing 2.8 mm (N = 1).
Male abdomen and genitalia. (Fig. 2) Sternal process VI about one-eighth as long as sternum VI,
straight, oriented posteroventrad; slightly tapering in lateral view (Fig. 2A); pointed in ventral view
(Fig. 2B). Segment IX about 1.5 x taller than long in lateral view (Fig. 2C); each anterior lobe of
segment IX (Fig. 2C) irregularly narrowing anteriorly in lateral view, asymmetrical, oriented anterad;
anterodorsal margin almost straight; anteroventral margin concave (Fig. 2C); in dorsal view, inner
margin forming narrowly ellipsoid cavity (Fig. 2D); in ventral view, without central posterior process
(Fig. 2E); inner margin forming wide, almost rectangular cavity; lateral apodemes nearly horizontal
(Fig. 2C), each parallel-sided along their length, meeting anterior margin; sub-marginal line present
above lateral apodemes; tergal transverse apodemes present, fading immediately above superior
appendages; sternal transverse apodeme present along posterior margin of segment IX (Fig. 2C).
Transverse plate absent. Tergum X, in lateral view, oriented posteroventrad (Fig. 2C), slightly sigmoid,
tapering towards mid-length, apex strongly club-shaped, slightly curving dorsally (Fig. 2C); in dorsal
view (Fig. 2D), deeply and widely divided into pair of parallel-sided and parallel-running branches, with
3 pairs of equally long megasetae in apical group, starting well before apex of gonopods in lateral view
(Fig. 2C). Superior appendages club-shaped (Fig. 2C), oriented ventrad. Primary branch of gonopods,
in lateral view (Fig. 2C), with basal part oriented posterad before strongly bending dorsad, angling
posterad at half-length, apical part produced mesad above tergum X; almost parallel-sided along their
length; anterior margin smooth, strongly concave; dorsal and posterior margins undulating. Secondary
branch of gonopods absent. Basomesal lobes long, tuboid, each with pair of apical setae; sigmoid in
lateral view (Fig. 2D), parallel-sided with diverging apex in ventral view (Fig. 2E). Basal plate, in
lateral view (Fig. 2C), curving anteroventrad, narrowing along its length from posterior to anterior
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European Journal of Taxonomy 6: 1-10 (2012)
end, slightly produced beyond anteroventral margin of segment IX in lateral view (Fig. 2C); widely
triangular in ventral view (Fig. 2E). Phallic apparatus, lateral view, irregularly tube-shaped along its
length (Fig. 2F), apex about as broad as base; nearly straight after mid-length; in ventral view, with
basis narrow (Fig. 2G); widest after mid-length; endotheca weakly produced, posteroventral part not
sclerotized, except single, weakly sclerotized triangular processes distally of phallic sclerite.
Fig. 2. Helicopsyche meander sp. nov., $ holotype. A. abdominal sternum VI, lateral view. B. abdominal
sternal process VI, ventral view. C. genitalia, lateral view. D. genitalia, dorsal view. E. genitalia, ventral
view. F. phallus, lateral view. G. phallus, ventral view.
6
JOHANSONK.A. & PHAM H.-T., New Helicopsyche from Vietnam
Helicopsyche lamnata sp. nov.
Fig. 3
Diagnosis
Helicopsyche lamnata sp. nov. is most similar to H. vongsombathi Johanson & Malm, 2007, from which
it is easily distinguished by the presence of a central posterior process of segment IX and the distal part
of the gonopods are more strongly produced posteriorly. The species also resembles H. meander sp.
nov., particularly by the nearly club-shaped apex of tergum X in lateral view, but in H. lamnata sp. nov.
the VI th sternal process is much longer and the gonopods are less sharply sigmoid.
Etymology
Lamnata , plate-like in Latin, refers to the process on the posterior margin of stemite IX.
Material examined
Holotype $
VIETNAM: Vinh Phuc Prov, Me Linh District, stream near Ngoc Thanh Village, Melinh Station for
Biodiversity, 21°23'28.2"N, 105°42'46.7"E, 233 m, Malaise trap 4-12 Apr. 2011, loc#VN001, leg. K.A.
Johanson, PH. Thai & T.T. Du (NHRS, alcohol) [DNA voucher IP9],
Paratype
Same data as holotype, except (IEBR, alcohol).
Description
Maxillary palps. Two-segmented, all segments sub-equal in length. Pair of interantennal setal warts very
large, spherical, elevated, densely covered by long setae. Each scapus slightly longer than individual
segments of maxillary palps. Spur formula 1,2,4; each foreleg spur nearly as long as each first tarsomere.
Length. Fore wing 4.0 mm, hind wing 3.1 mm (N = 1).
Male abdomen and genitalia. (Fig. 3) Sternal process VI about two-fifths as long as sternum VI,
straight, oriented posteroventrad; parallel-sided in lateral view (Fig. 3A); almost parallel-sided in
ventral view (Fig. 3B). Segment IX slightly taller than long in lateral view (Fig. 3C); each anterior
lobe of segment IX (Fig. 3C) smoothly narrowing anteriorly in lateral view, asymmetrical, oriented
anterodorsad; anterodorsal margin almost straight; anteroventral margin concave (Fig. 3C); in dorsal
view, inner margin forming narrowly ellipsoid cavity (Fig. 3D); large central posterior process located
below basis of gonopods, sharply triangular in lateral view (Fig. 3C); in ventral view widely trapezoid,
with slightly concave posterior margin. Lateral apodemes nearly horizontal (Fig. 3C), parallel-sided
along their length, located at mid-height of segment IX, ending in sub-marginal line; tergal transverse
apodemes absent; sternal transverse apodeme oriented in right angle to lateral apodeme, located along
posterior margin of segment IX (Fig. 3C). Transverse plate absent. Tergum X, in lateral view, oriented
posteroventrad (Fig. 3C), strongly tapering towards mid-length, with single, dorsolateral, stout seta
at mid-length; distal half almost parallel-sided, apex slightly club-shaped, orienting posteroventrally
(Fig. 3C); in dorsal view (Fig. 3D), deeply and narrowly divided into pair of parallel-sided and parallel¬
running branches; each with 4 pairs equally long megasetae in apical group, and two pairs stout, posterad-
oriented spines (Fig. 3C). Superior appendages club-shaped (Fig. 3C), oriented posteroventrad. Primary
branch of gonopods, in lateral view (Fig. 3C), with basal part oriented posterad before strongly bending
posterodorsad, curving posterad after mid-length, apical part rounded in dorsal view; produced mesad
into pointed plates above tergum X in dorsal view (Fig. 3D); slightly widening along their length; basal
part of anterior margin smooth; dorsal and posterior margins undulating. Secondary branch of gonopods
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European Journal of Taxonomy 6: 1-10 (2012)
absent. Basomesal lobes long, slightly broadening before apex, each with pair of apical setae; straight in
lateral view (Fig. 3C), diverging in ventral view (Fig. 3E). Basal plate, in lateral view (Fig. 3C), straight,
strongly narrowing anteriorly towards mid-length, anterior half very slender, not produced beyond
anteroventral margin of segment IX in lateral view (Fig. 3C); almost parallel-sided in ventral view
(Fig. 3E), with rounded anterior apex. Phallic apparatus, lateral view, irregularly tube-shaped along its
length (Fig. 3F), apex about as broad as base; nearly straight after mid-length; irregular in ventral view
(Fig. 3G); widest after mid-length; endotheca weakly produced, posteroventral part not sclerotized,
except long, single, weakly sclerotized triangular processes distally of phallic sclerite.
Fig. 3. Helicopsyche lamnata sp. nov., 3 holotype. A. abdominal sternum VI, lateral view. B. abdominal
sternal process VI, ventral view. C. genitalia, lateral view. D. genitalia, dorsal view. E. genitalia, ventral
view. F. phallus, lateral view. G. phallus, ventral view.
JOHANSONK.A. & PHAM H.-T., New Helicopsyche from Vietnam
Key to male Helicopsyche from Vietnam
1. Maxillary palps each with two segments; gonopods without secondary branch.2
- Maxillary palps each with four segments; gonopods with secondary branch.6
2. (1) In genitalia, basomesal lobe absent (as inFig. 1 boniata Malicky & Chantaramongkol, 1992
- In genitalia, basomesal lobe present (Fig. 2C).3
3. (2) In genitalia, basomesal lobe originated from ventral part of gonopod basis, resembling secondary
branch of gonopods (as in Schefter & Johanson 2001, figs 5, 9).4
- In genitalia, basomesal lobe originated from mid-height of gonopod basis (Fig. 2C).5
4. (3) In genitalia, segment IX about as long as high; tergum X slender along its length in lateral view;
in ventral view basomesal lobes fused mesally into common basal plate; in dorsal view, tergum X
shallowly divided apically. H. khemoiensis Schefter & Johanson, 2001
- In genitalia, segment IX much higher than long; tergum X wide and posteriorly tapering in lateral
view; in ventral view basomesal lobes separated; in dorsal view, tergum X deeply divided apically.
. H. azwudschgal Malicky, 1995
5. (3) Stemite VI with sternal process about two-fifths as long as segment VI (Fig. 3A); posteroventral
margin of segment IX produced posterad into large plate (Figs 3C, E); gonopods slightly sigmoid
(Fig. 3C). H. lamnata sp. nov.
- Stemite VI with sternal process about one-seventh as long as segment VI (Fig. 2A); postero ventral
margin of segment IX not produced posterad (Fig. 2E); gonopods strongly sigmoid, bending about 90°
(Fig. 2C). H. meander sp. nov.
6. (1) In genitalia, dorsal branch of gonopods almost parallel-sided in lateral view..
. H. admata Malicky & Chantaramongkol, 1992
- In genitalia, primary branch of gonopods widening distally in lateral view (Fig. 1C).7
7. (6) In genitalia, primary branch of gonopods produced anterad (Fig. 1C). H. melina sp. nov.
- In genitalia, primary branch of gonopods produced posterad.8
8. (7) In genitalia, primary branch of gonopods shorter than secondary branch of gonopods; each lateral
branch of tergum X divided apically. H. angusta Ulmer, 1951
-In genitalia, primary branch of gonopods longer than secondary branch of gonopods; each lateral branch
of tergum X undivided apically. H. dacklestenensis Schefter & Johanson, 2001
Acknowledgements
This study was a collaboration between Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity Resources (IEBS), Hanoi,
and the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm. We are particularly thankful to the director
of IEBR, Prof. Dr. Le Xuan Canh, and vice director of IEBR Prof. Dr. Ta Huy Thinh for giving us the
opportunity to perform this research. The present study was broadly supported by the basis project of the
Department of Insect Systematics, IEBR, particularly by Mr. Thieu Du Tran who assisted us in the field.
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Manuscript received on: 27 July 2011
Manuscript accepted on: 16 November 2011
Published on: 2 February 2012
Topic editor: Malcom Scoble
In compliance with Article 8.6 of the 7CZV, printed versions of all papers are deposited in the libraries
of the institutes that are members of the EJT consortium: Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris,
France; National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Meise, Belgium; Royal Museum for Central Africa,
Tervuren, Belgium; Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom; Royal Belgian Institute of
Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium; Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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