580,5

FB

V, 4:2-9

1919-1929

cop, 2

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893

PUBLICATION 258

BOTANICAL SERIES VOL. IV, No. 6

I. SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF BARRO

COLORADO ISLAND, PANAMA

LESLIE A, KENOYER AND PAUL C. STANDLEY

II. TWO NEW SPECIES OF CHARA

FROM TROPICAL AMERICA

M. A. HOWE

B. E. DAHLGREN

Acting Curator, Department of Botany

EDITOR

THE LIBRARY OF THE

JUL24t943

NATURAL

HISTORY

CHICAGO

July 5, 1929

Dup.

U. of C.

Oh.

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

BT FIELD MUSEUM PRESS

. 5

r

SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF BARRO

COLORADO ISLAND, PANAMA

LESLIE A. KENOYER AND PAUL C. STANDLEY

The first list of the plants of Barro Colorado Island in Gatun

Lake, Canal Zone, the site of the laboratory of the Institute for

Tropical Research, was published by Paul C. Standley in May,

1927, in the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections.1 In that list

611 species of flowering plants and cryptogams were listed. Because

of the large area of the island — about six square miles — and the

small amount of time which had been devoted to its exploration,

it was evident that its flora was then but imperfectly known.

In the summer of 1927, L. A. Kenoyer spent eight weeks on

Barro Colorado Island, studying the plant ecology. In connection

with his work there was made a large collection of plant specimens,

amounting to 680 numbers. The present list is based upon this

collection.

Most of the flowering plants here recorded have been determined

by Mr. Standley, and the ferns by William R. Maxon. On the

following pages there are enumerated 187 species new to the Barro

Colorado flora. Several of these are plants unknown previously

from the region of the Canal Zone, and four seem to belong to

unpublished species, which are described here as new. There remain

several plants, represented only by sterile material, which it has

not been possible to determine definitely. These uncertain specimens

doubtless belong to species not recorded from the island, and probably

unknown at present from the Canal Zone area.

The large number of new ferns reported for the island is especially

noteworthy. An annotated list of them already has been published.1

It is not surprising that intensive collecting, extended over several

weeks, should have added so large a number of plants to the known

flora of Barro Colorado Island. As the island is explored more

thoroughly, there is no doubt that the number will be increased

substantially. This is particularly true in the case of the fungi

and other groups of the lower plants.

•Volume 78, No. 8, pp. 1-32.

2Kenoyer, Amer. Fern Journ. 18: 6-14. 1928.

143

144 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. IV

CYATHEACEAE. Tree Fern Family

Alsophila tenerifrons Christ. Probably the largest tree fern on

the island, attaining a height of 8 meters. Growing in several of

the ravines. There are large specimens on Pearson Trail 100 yards

from the laboratory.

Alsophila microdonta Desv. A small tree fern, collected along

the shore at far end of the Gross Trail.

GLEICHENIACEAE. Gleichenia Family

Dicranopteris flexuosa (Schrad.) Underw. A vine, forming

tangles along exposed shores. End of Gross Trail and on Orchid

Island.

POLYPODIACEAE. Polypody Family

Acrostichum daneaefolium Langsd. & Fisch. A tall coarse fern,

abundant in marshes along the lake shore. Previously noted but

not definitely placed as to species.

Adiantum obliquum Willd. Occasional in virgin forest.

Adiantum petiolatum Desv. Frequent in forest.

Adiantum villosum L. Common in virgin forest.

Adiantum sp. Hairy, with bipinnate leaves. Occasional.

Asplenium laetum Swartz. Fairly common, especially in ravines.

Blechnum occidentale L. On an eroding clay bank, Orchid

Island at French lock site.

Dennstaedtia rubiginosa (Kaulf.) Moore. A large ravine fern.

Pearson Trail.

Dryopteris gongylodes (Schk.) Kuntze. Marshes along lake

shore; frequent.

Dryopteris serrata (Cav.) C. Chr. Marshes along lake shore;

frequent.

Dryopteris sordida Maxon. A large ravine fern; occasional.

Dryopteris Sprengelii (Kaulf.) Kuntze. A large ravine fern with

a short upright stem.

Hemidictyum marginatum (L.) Presl. A tall coarse ravine fern

with pinnate leaves.

Leptochilus nicotianaefolius (Swartz) C. Chr. A coarse terres-

trial plant.

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.

BOTANY, VOL. IV, PL. XI.

FIG. 1. THE APPROACH TO THE LABORATORY ON BARRO COLORADO ISLAND, FROM GATUN LAKE.

FIG. 2. FERNS (NEPHROLEPIS PENDULA) ON ERODED BANK AT THE EDGE OF

BARRO COLORADO ISLAND.

FLORA OP BARRO COLORADO ISLAND 145

Maxonia apiifolia (Swartz) C. Chr. Terrestrial or epiphytic, the

trailing rhizome covered with brown scales.

Nephrolepis biserrata (Swartz) Schott. Abundant in marshes.

Polybotrya villosula Christ. A trailing epiphyte with large

bipinnate leaves; growing especially on tree ferns.

Polypodium costaricense Christ. An epiphyte; frequent.

Polypodium phyllitidis L. A coarse epiphyte; common.

Pteris grandifolia L. A coarse ravine fern with pinnate leaves

four meters long.

Pteris Kunzeana Agardh. In ravines.

Pteris propinqua Agardh. Low areas in forest.

Pteris pungens Willd. Virgin forest.

HYMENOPHYLLACEAE. Filmy-fern Family

Trichomanes diversifrons (Bory) Mett. Shaded ravine bank on

Pearson Trail near laboratory.

LYCOPODIACEAE. Clubmoss Family

Lycopodium dichotomum Jacq. A single specimen fallen from

a tree on which it had grown as an epiphyte.

ALISMACEAE. Water-plantain Family

Sagittaria lancifolia L. An acaulescent plant with lanceolate

leaves and racemes of white flowers. Frequent in marshes along

shore.

POACEAE. Grass Family

Andropogon bicornis L. Very common in clearings and in

marshes offshore.

Andropogon brevifolius Swartz. Near French lock site, Orchid

Island.

Andropogon glomeratus (Walt.) B. S. P. A tall coarse grass.

Laboratory clearing.

Chloris virgata Swartz. Laboratory clearing.

Ichnanthus tenuis (Presl) Hitchc. & Chase. Range light clearing.

Isachne polygonoides (Lam.) Doell. Marsh near Termite House.

146 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. IV

Leersia hexandra Swartz. Clearing at Barbour Navigation

Signal.

Leptochloa virgata (L.) Beauv. Frequent in clearings.

Panicum barbinode Trin. An extensive marsh former in the

lake.

Panicum fasciculatum Swartz. Clearing at highest point of the

island.

Panicum geminatum Forsk. Marsh near Termite House.

Panicum megiston Schult. Marsh near Termite House.

Panicum zizanioides H. B. K. Marsh near Termite House.

Paspalum decumbens Swartz. A prostrate grass in forest.

Paspalum saccharoides (Swartz) Nees. Clearing at Fairchild

Navigation Signal.

Phragmites communis Trin. REED. A tall coarse marsh grass

in lake near laboratory.

Setaria paniculifera (Steud.) Fourn. French lock site, Orchid

Island.

Sporobolus indicus R. Br. Clearing at Barbour Navigation

Signal.

CYPERACEAE. Sedge Family

Cyperus luzulae (L.) Retz. Marshes near laboratory landing.

Cyperus rotundus L. Abundant in clearings.

Cyperus simplex H. B; K. Clearings and trails; frequent.

Eleocharis variegata var. laxiflora (Thwaites) Ridley. Marshes

near laboratory landing.

Rynchospora corymbosa (L.) Britton. A large marsh plant with

3 -angled stem, south and west shores of the island.

Rynchospora micrantha Vahl. French lock site, Orchid Island.

Scirpus cubensis Kunth. Marshes near Redwood House.

Scleria mitis Berg. Abundant in clearings.

Scleria paludosa Kunth. A coarse marsh sedge.

PHOENICACEAE. Palm Family

Attalea gomphococca Mart. COROZO. COHUNE PALM. The

largest palm on the island. Abundant. The large fruits, borne in

huge dense pendent panicles, are rich in oil.

FLORA OF BARRO COLORADO ISLAND 147

ARACEAE. Arum Family

Anthurium acutangulum Engler. An epiphytic climber with

thick lance-ovate leaves.

Anthurium linearifolium Engler. A frequent epiphyte with

oblong-linear leaves.

Anthurium rigidulum Schott? An epiphyte on a stump in the

lake.

Montrichardia arborescens (L.) Schott. An upright shrublike

plant, frequent in lake shore marshes near the laboratory. The large

spathes are white and showy, resembling those of the cultivated

calla.

Philodendron panamense Krause. A common trailing epiphyte.

Xanthosoma pilosum Koch. A common terrestrial plant with

large, finely pubescent, broadly sagittate leaves.

BROMELIACEAE. Pineapple Family

Aechmea pubescens Baker. A frequent epiphyte.

Tillandsia compressa Bert. An epiphyte with compressed flower

spikes.

Tillandsia fasciculata Swartz. An epiphyte on stump near Ter-

mite House.

COMMELINACEAE. Dayflower Family

Tradescantia cumanensis Kunth. Laboratory clearing.

PONTEDERIACEAE. Pickerelweed Family

Pontederia cordata L. PICKERELWEED. Marshes near Termite

House.

AMARYLLIDACEAE. Amaryllis Family

Crinum erubescens Soland. A coarse bulbous plant with umbels

of showy flowers. Frequent along shores of Gatun Lake.

MUSACEAE. Banana Family

Heliconia platystachys Baker. A tall plant with recurved in-

florescence, the bracts red and yellow.

148 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. IV

ORCHIDACEAE. Orchid Family

Dichaea sp. An epiphyte on a large living Bombacopsis in Gatiin

Lake.

Habenaria alata Hook. A terrestrial plant. Clearings and marsh

islands.

Stelis sp. An epiphyte.

Stenorrhynchus sp. Terrestrial.

Triphora cubensis (Reichenb.) Ames. A terrestrial and appar-

ently saprophytic plant. Found in the laboratory clearing. "This

species was originally found in Cuba but is uncommon there, and in

places where it has been found seems to appear at irregular intervals.

It has also been found in Florida, but only once." (Oakes Ames).

PIPERACEAE. Pepper Family

Peperomia mameiana C. DC. A succulent epiphyte. Occasional.

Piper breve C. DC. A shrub. Barbour Point.

Piper peltatum L. A common shrub in clearings. Easily re-

cognized by the peltate leaves.

Piper peracuminatum C. DC. A shrub. Fairchild Point.

MORACEAE. Mulberry Family

Cecropia longipes Pittier. GUARUMO. Fruiting spikes in 4's.

A common tree.

Cecropia mexicana Hemsl. GUARUMO. Fruiting spikes in pairs,

elongated. A common tree.

Cecropia sp. Leaves about 8-lobed, very white beneath, without

brown hairs. Fruiting spikes in 8's, drooping, wavy. Frequent.

Ficus colubrinae Standl. An epiphytic shrub or small tree in

virgin forest.

Ficus involuta (Liebm.) Miq. Pearson Trail near laboratory. A

tree with large wedge-shaped leaves, rounded at apex.

Pourouma aspera Trecul. A Cecropia-like tree near laboratory.

Leaves similar to those of Cecropia, but not peltate.

URTICACEAE. Nettle Family

Pouzolzia obliqua. Gaud. A low tree with entire leaves; along

shore near laboratory.

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

FIG. 1. VIEW IN THE FOREST ON BARRO COLORADO ISLAND.

; " * *

/ ^k

*- i 9 \

v ' f r •<

IM LJ** *

FIG. 2. BASE OF PLANT OF RENEALMIA AROMATICA, SHOWING THE INFLORESCENCES.

FLORA OF BARRO COLORADO ISLAND 149

OLACACEAE. Olax Family

Heisteria longipes Standl. An occasional shrub in forest. Leaves

entire; fruiting calyx saucer-shaped, dark red.

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. Birthwort Family

Aristolochia pilosa H. B. K. A small herbaceous climber. On

short cut from Barbour Trail.

POLYGONACEAE. Buckwheat Family

Polygonum punctatum Ell. SMARTWEED. Stump islands near

Redwood House.

AMARANTHACEAE. Pigweed Family

Amaranthus gracilis Desf. PIGWEED. Laboratory clearing. In-

troduced.

Gomphrena dispersa Standl. A weedy herb with small heads

of white flowers. Laboratory clearing, probably introduced.

PHYTOLACCACEAE. Pokeweed Family

Microtea debilis Swartz. A small weak weedy herb.

Phytolacca rivinoides Kunth and Bouche". POKEWEED. A coarse

weed in laboratory garden.

Rivina humilis L. A weed in laboratory garden. An erect herb

with racemes of small whitish flowers, and small, bright red fruits.

ANN ON ACE AE. Custard-apple Family

Annona glabra L. POND APPLE. A large shrub or small tree. Lake

shore near laboratory.

Guatteria dolichopoda Donn. Smith. A tall tree on Armour

Trail. Species new to the Canal Zone.

Unonopsis Pittieri Safford. A tree near the laboratory.

Xylopia frutescens Aubl. A small tree with lanceolate distichous

leaves. Near Gross Point.

RAFFLESIACEAE. Rafflesia Family

Apodanthes fiacourtiae Karst. A parasite on the branches of

Xylosma Hemsleyana. Found at several places in the forest near

150 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. IV

Barbour Point. This is the first report of the family for Central

America. The plants appear as rows of white waxy flowers 5 mm.

in diameter, which burst through the bark of the host.

HYDRANGEACEAE. Hydrangea Family

Hydrangea panamensis Standl. A trailing woody epiphyte,

frequent on the large trees.

AMYGDALACEAE. Almond Family

Licania platypus (Hemsl.) Fritsch. A frequent large tree about

the laboratory.

MIMOSACEAE. Mimosa Family

Acacia melanoceras Beurl. BULLHORN ACACIA. A small speci-

men growing near the laboratory.

Inga leptoloba Schlecht. Shore near Termite House.

Inga punctata Willd. Shore near the laboratory.

Inga Roussoviana Pittier. Slothia Island.

Inga Ruiziana Don. Shore near the laboratory.

Inga spectabilis Willd. Pearson Trail. The species of Inga are

all trees with heads or spikes of white blossoms.

Pithecolobium rufescens (Benth.) Pittier. A small tree on

Slothia Island. Leaves once pinnate, like those of Inga.

CAESALPINIACEAE. Senna Family

Cassia reticulata Willd. A small tree with showy, bright yellow

flowers, near Termite House.

Cassia tora L. An herb at French lock site, Orchid Island.

FABACEAE. Bean Family

Dalbergia ecastophyllum (L.) Taub. A shrub in marshes along

the shore.

Erythrina glauca Willd. A tree in clearing at Barbour Naviga-

tion Signal. Flowers orange-colored.

Pterocarpus Hayesii Benth. A large tree on Wheeler Trail.

Vigna vexillata (L.) Rich. An herbaceous vine with pale yellow

flowers. Marshes near Redwood House.

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.

BOTANY, VOL. IV, PL. XIII.

FIG. 1. OPHIOMERIS PANAMENSIS, AT LEFT, AND LEIPHAIMOS ALBUS.

FIG. 2. APODANTHES FLACOURTIAE, GROWING ON TRUNK OF XYLOSMA HEMSLEYANA.

FLORA OF BARRO COLORADO ISLAND 151

RUTACEAE. Rue Family

Zanthoxylum microcarpum Griseb. A tall tree with fine stellate

pubescence. On Snyder-Molino Trail.

Zanthoxylum setulosum P. Wils. A forest tree.

BURSERACEAE. Torchwood Family

Protium panamense (Rose) Johnston. A tree on Van Tyne Trail.

MALPIGHIACEAE. Malpighia Family

Bunchosia cornifolia H. B. K. A shrub with yellow flowers.

Gross Point.

Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) DC. NANCE. A small tree with leaves

whitened beneath, and yellow flowers. Fruit edible.

Hiraea faginea (Swartz) Niedenzu. A climbing shrub with

yellow flowers. Leaves silky-pubescent beneath.

Stigmaphyllon ellipticum (H. B. K.) Jiiss. A climbing yellow-

flowered shrub with entire leaves and winged fruits. Clearings and

stump islands.

POLYGALACEAE. Polygala Family

Polygala paniculata L. A small herb at French lock site, Orchid

Island.

EUPHORBIACEAE. Spurge Family

Croton glandulosus L. A small weed with dentate leaves, in

the laboratory clearing.

Euphorbia heterophylla L. A coarse erect weed with milky sap.

Laboratory clearing.

Sapium aucuparium Jacq. ? A shrub in ravine near the laboratory. .

Sapium jamaicense Swartz. A tree on Barbour Trail. Species

new to the Canal Zone. The species of Sapium are easy to recognize

because of their milky sap, and the presence of two glands near the

apex of the petiole. The latex, of some species at least, contains

rubber.

SAPINDACEAE. Soapberry Family

Paullinia pinnata L. A liana with red capsules, frequent along

shore.

152 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. IV

STAPHYLEACEAE. Bladdernut Family

Turpinia paniculata Vent. A tree with panicles of small white

flowers, on Wheeler Trail,

VITACEAE. Grape Family

Cissus rhombifolia Vahl. A common woody climber with red

flowers and trifoliolate leaves.

MALVACEAE. Mallow Family

Hibiscus bifurcatus Cav. A coarse pink-flowered herb or half-

shrubby plant. Shore near Barbour Point.

Hibiscus sororius L. f. A coarse semi-shrubby plant with white

flowers. Abundant on offshore marsh islands.

BOMBACACEAE. Cottontree Family

Quararibea asterolepis Pittier. A common large tree with

smooth green bark and plank buttresses. The dried leaves have

the odor of slippery elm.

ELAEO CARP ACE AE. Elaeocarpus Family

Sloanea microcephala Standl., sp. nov. — Arbor mediocris,

ramulis junioribus crassis, subteretibus, dense et minute tomentu-

losis; petioli n cm. longi, subteretes, brunneo-tomentulosi; limbus

ellipticus, 40 cm. longus, 23 cm. latus, apice et basi rotundatus,

margine fere ad basin dense sinuato-crenata, crenationibus late

obtusis, subcoriaceus, supra glaber, subtus pallidior, ad nervos

minutissime tomentulosus, nervis lateralibus utroque latere 17,

elevatis, percurrentibus', leviter arcuatis, nervulis fere rectis, reti-

culato-conjunctis ; panicula axillaris, 4 cm. longa, pedunculata,

pedunculo compressiusculo, 2.5 cm. longo, ramulis tomentellis,

bracteis 4-6 mm. longis, oblongis, obtusis, tomentulosis, floribus

numerosis, 4 mm. diam., pedicellis 5-8 mm. longis; calyx rotatus,

2.5 mm. latus, extus griseo-tomentulosus, obscure lobatus, lobis late

triangularibus, acutiusculis ; stamina numerosa, antheris cuneiformi-

bus, sessilibus, glabris, apice rotundatis.

PANAMA: Along shore near Termite House, Barro Colorado

Island, Canal Zone, Aug. 6, 1927, L. A. Kenoyer 4-68 (Herb. Field

Mus. No. 579761, TYPE).

DILLENIACEAE. Dillenia Family

Doliocarpus olivaceus Sprague & Williams. A woody climber

with toothed leaves. Near the laboratory.

FLORA OF BARRO COLORADO ISLAND 153

Tetracera oblongata DC. A retrorsely scabrous, woody climber.

Snyder-Molino Trail.

Tetracera sessiliflora Triana and Planch. A coarse woody vine

with elm-like leaves. Shore line.

OCHNACEAE. Ochna Family

Cespedesia macrophylla Seem. A tall tree with long simple

leaves and large showy flowers. Gross Point. The genus is new to

the Canal Zone.

HYPERICACEAE. St. Johnswort Family

Vismia latif olia Choisy. A small tree, the leaves rusty-tomentose

beneath. On shore near Redwood House.

CLUSIACEAE. Clusia Family

Calophyllum calaba Jacq. A large tree on Pearson Trail near

the laboratory. The specimens are imperfect, but probably referable

to this species, which is new to the region.

Clusia minor L. A frequent small tree, often beginning growth

as an epiphyte.

BIXACEAE. Anatto Family

Bixa Orellana L. ANATTO. A small tree or large shrub. Occa-

sional. Probably introduced.

COCHLOSPERMACEAE. Cochlospermum Family

Cochlospermum vitifolium Willd. A small tree with palmately

lobed leaves and large yellow flowers resembling roses. Orchid

Island.

FLACOURTIACEAE. Flacourtia Family

Banara guianensis Aubl. A small tree. Lake shore near the

laboratory.

Xylosma Hemsleyana Standl. A small spiny shrub. Frequent in

the neighborhood of Barbour Point.

Zuelania Roussoviae Pittier. A small tree with oblong to oval

leaves.

154 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. IV

PASSIFLORACEAE. Passionflower Family

Passiflora biflora Lam. A frequent white-flowered climber.

Passiflora hispida DC. An herbaceous vine. Range light clearing.

BEGONIACEAE. Begonia Family

Begonia cilibracteolata C. DC. Marsh island near Redwood

House.

Begonia sp. A bushy herb a meter high. In forest near the

laboratory.

CACTACEAE. Cactus Family

Rhipsalis cassutha Gaertn. MISTLETOE CACTUS. A cylindrical

jointed epiphyte, without leaves, forming large masses on tall trees.

Frequent.

LYTHRACEAE. Loosestrife Family

Cuphea Wrightii Gray. A small weed at French lock site, Orchid

Island. The species is new to the Canal Zone.

MYRTACEAE. Myrtle Family

Eugenia sericifolia Benth. A shrub with entire lanceolate leaves.

Wheeler Trail.

Myrcia gatunensis Standl., sp. nov. — Arbor parva, ramulis

gracilibus, teretibus, cinereo-strigillosis vel glabratis, internodiis

1-3.5 cm. longis; petioli 1-2 mm. longi, strigillosi; limbus lanceola-

to-oblongus, 7.5-10.5 cm. longus, 2-3.5 cm- latus, subabrupte longi-

acuminatus, acumine angusto, obtuso, basi obtusus vei rotundatus,

crasse chartaceus, dense et minute pellucido-punctatus, supra lucidus,

glaber vel ad costam minute puberulus, nervis prominulis, subtus

brunnescens, lucidulus, sparse strigillosus, nervis lateralibus utroque

latere c. 19, gracillimis, fere rectis, prope marginem nervum collec-

tivum eff ormantibus ; paniculae laterales et terminales, laxe multi-

florae, foliis breviores, 3-4 cm. longae, pedunculatae, ramulis gracili-

bus, sparse strigillosis, pedicellis fere filiformibus, 1-2.5 mm. longis,

sparse strigillosis; hypanthium i mm. longum et latum, dense

cinereo-strigillosum, calycis limbo abrupte patente, lobis late ovatis,

obtusissimis, glabratis; petala alba, rotundata, 1.5-2 mm. longa,

venosa, punctata, extus sparse strigillosa; stamina numerosa, petala

excedentia, filamentis glabris; stylus 3 mm. longus, versus basin

pilosulus.

PANAMA: Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, near the lake

on Barbour Trail, July 14, 1927, L. A. Kenoyer 4-68 (Herb. Field

Mus. No. 579760, TYPE).

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.

BOTANY, VOL. IV, PL. XIV.

TRUNK OF ZANTHOXYLUM SP. , SHOWING THE CURIOUS FLATTENED CORKY PRICKLES.

UNlYEES'-TV OF llU*o.J

URBAN*

FLORA OF BARRO COLORADO ISLAND 155

MELASTOMACEAE. Melastome Family

Clidemia neglecta Don. A brown-hairy shrub. Shore line near

Gross Point.

Leandra dichotoma Cogn. A shrub on Pearson Trail.

ONAGRACEAE. Evening-primrose Family

Jussiaea natans H. B. K. A floating aquatic with yellow flowers.

Near Termite House.

UMBELLIFERAE. Parsley Family

Eryngium foetidum L. A strong-scented weed along trails and

in clearings.

SAPOTACEAE. Sapodilla Family

Chrysophyllum panamense Pittier. STAR-APPLE. A tall tree in

forest

GENTIANACEAE. Gentian Family

Leiphaimos albus Standl. (Plate XIII.) A small white saprophyte

with white flowers in cymes. The species is new to the Canal Zone.

APOCYNACEAE. Dogbane Family

Allamanda cathartica L. A woody vine with large showy yellow

flowers and spiny capsules. Marsh island near Termite House.

Aspidosperma megalocarpon Muell. A large tree. Fruits picked

up in tall virgin forest. The seeds are surrounded by a broad thin

wing. The genus is new to Panama.

Prestonia ipomoeifolia A. DC.? An epiphyte on stump near

Termite House.

ASCLEPIADACEAE. Milkweed Family

Funastrum clausum (Jacq.) Schlechter. A slender herbaceous

climber with umbels of white flowers. Marsh islands in the lake.

CONVOLVULACEAE. Morning-glory Family

Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. SWEET-POTATO. Abundant as an

escape in the laboratory garden.

156 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. IV

BORAGINACEAE. Borage Family

Cordia bicolor A. DC. A small tree. Range light clearing.

Cordia ferruginea (Lam.) Roem. & Schult. A shrub. Barbour

Navigation Signal clearing.

Cordia sericicalyx A. DC. A very large tree near Redwood

House.

VERBENACEAE. Verbena Family

Aegiphila cephalophora Standl., sp. nov.— Frutex subscandens,

ramulis gracilibus, subteretibus, dense pilis ochraceis adpressis ob-

tectis, internodiis 4-6.5 cm. longis; petioli 5-6 mm. longi, crassi,

dense pilis adscendentibus pilosi; limbus lanceolato-oblongus, c. 12

cm. longus et 4 cm. latus, Ipngiacuminatus, acumine angusto, longe

attenuate, basi obtusus, membranaceus, integer, supra pilis tenuibus

adpressis sparse, ad costam magis dense, pilosus, subtus dense ad-

presso-pilosus, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 10, gracillimis,

angulo lato adscendentibus, arcuatis ; cymae capituliformes, densae,

multiflorae, axillares, solitariae, 1-1.5 cm- latae, pedunculis validis,

1-2.5 cm. longis, densissime adpresso-pilosis, floribus sessilibus;

bracteae numerosae, anguste lineares, calyce multo longiores, dense

longipilosae ; calyx late turbinatus, 2.5 mm. longus, extus dense

pilosus, intus glaber, limbo truncato, remote 4~5-denticulato; corolla

alba, c. 6 mm. longa, glabra, 3~5-lobata, staminibus longe exsertis.

PANAMA: Shannon Trail, Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone,

July 23, 1927, L. A. Kenoyer 607 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,317,604,

TYPE).

Related to A. Deppeana Steud., in which the inflorescence is

much less congested and the leaves tomentose beneath. The material

of A. cephalophora at hand is very scant, and it is, therefore, im-

possible to supply a complete and wholly satisfactory diagnosis of

the species.

SOLANACEAE. Potato Family

Cyphomandra heterophylla Donn. Smith. A small tree with

pinnately lobed leaves, and large fleshy fruits. Near Chapman

House.

Physalis pubescens L. GROUNDCHERRY. An occasional weed in

clearings.

• Solanum asperum Rich. A common clearing shrub with narrow

scurfy leaves.

Solanum Donnell-Smithii Coult. A prickly woody climber; fre-

quent. The species is new to the Canal Zone.

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.

BOTANY, VOL. IV, PL. XV.

FIG. 1. BASE OF TRUNK OF BOMBACOPSIS FENDLERI, THE LARGEST TREE OF BARRO COLORADO

ISLAND, SHOWING THE BUTTRESSES. THE PALM IS ACANTHORRHIZA WARSCEWICZII.

FIG. 2. BASE OF A TRUNK OF OURATEA WRIGHTII.

158 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. IV

Randia formosa (Jacq.) Schum. A small tree near the laboratory.

Warscewiczia coccinea (Vahl) Klotzsch. A tree with very showy

red bracts. Shore line near Slothia Island.

COMPOSITAE. Aster Family

Baltimora recta L. A sunflower-like weed. French lock site,

Orchid Island.

Clibadium surinamense L. A coarse pioneer herb or shrub with

small whitish flower heads. Range light clearing.

Melampodium divaricatum (Rich.) DC. A small yellow-flowered

herb. French lock site, Orchid Island.

Verbesina myriocephala Schultz Bip. A tall harsh herb with

pinnately lobed leaves and white flower heads. Frequent in clearings.

TWO NEW SPECIES OF CHARA FROM

TROPICAL AMERICA

M. A. HOWE

In the collection of plants made on Barro Colorado Island,

Canal Zone, in 1927 by Prof. Leslie A. Kenoyer is material of a

Char a which, apparently, has not been described. Its study has

involved the investigation of the nomenclature of a South American

plant of the same genus, for which no valid name is available. Both

these plants are described below.

Chara Kenoyeri M. A. Howe, sp. nov.

PLATE XVI

Dioicous: plants mostly 15-25 cm. high, olive- or sordid-

green, very slightly incrusted, flexible; stems 0.8-1.1 mm. in diameter,

irregularly and rather loosely triply corticated, the corticated cells

often lying at different levels, occasionally the middle zone of the

much elongated internodes uncorticated or imperfectly corticated;

spine-cells rather few and scattered, or subverticillate in younger

parts, flaccid and flexuous, mostly elongate, 0.6-2.7 mm. long, 100-

150/4 in diameter at base; stipulodes forming a double whorl at

each node, those of the upper whorl reaching a length of 0.6-0.75

mm. and commonly slightly exceeding the uncorticated basal inter-

node of the leaves, those of the lower whorl of about the same length,

both occasionally in part deficient (deciduous?); leaves ic 13 in a

whorl, 2.5-3.75 cm- l°ng' containing 8-10 internodes, all triply

corticated except the basal and one at apex, which are uncorticated,

the basal 0.7-0.9 mm. long, 0.35-0.6 mm. broad; leaflets at sterile

nodes nearly equal, 1.5-3.7 mm. long, 120-180 /u broad, flexuous;

antheridia 0.4-0.6 mm. in diameter; oogonia and sporocarps un-

known.

PANAMA: In inlet, Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, July

26, 1927, L. A. Kenoyer (type in Herb. N.Y. Bot. Gard.).

In size, light incrustation, and general habit Chara Kenoyeri is

slightly suggestive of lax conditions of C. Hornemannii and C.

Nordhoffiae, but it is manifestly a member of the " gymnopus"

group, with all the leaf-internodes corticated with the exception of

the basal and apical. In the "gymnopus" group, the Barro Colorado

plant is remarkable by the great length of its leaflets and by being

apparently dioicous. The only dioicous species hitherto ascribed

159

160 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. IV

to this group, so far as known to the present writer, is the one to

which Braun, in 1847, intended to apply the name Chara Martiana

and did apply it as a nomen nudum,1 but, unfortunately, before

any sort of a description of it was published, Wallman mistakenly

diverted the name, with full diagnosis, to a monoicous species, and

to this, according to the "American Code" of nomenclature, the

name C. Martiana legally belongs. Nordstedt has considered the

Chara Martiana Wallm. non A. Braun to be a synonym of C. sejuncta

A. Br., but C. B. Robinson (Bull. N. Y. Bot Gard. 4: 276. 1906) has

expressed a doubt as to the alleged synonymy. But whether a

synonym or not, the American Code demands the renaming of

Braun 's plant, as has been pointed out by Dr. Robinson. A plant

evidently very similar to Braun's and probably of the same species

has been collected rather recently by Dr. H. H. Rusby in Bolivia.

On the supposition that it is the same as the Brazilian plant of

Martius, we are proposing below a new name and framing a new

description, based in part on the Bolivian specimens and in part

on the Braun-Nordstedt diagnosis of Chara Martiana A. Br. We

take the precaution of naming the Bolivian plant as the type to

carry the new name in case any one should convince himself that

the specimens collected by Martius and those collected by Rusby

are not conspecific.

Chara Rusbyana M. A. Howe, nom. nov.

Chara Martiana A. Br. ; Nordstedt, Fragmente einer Mono-

graphic der Characeen von A. Braun 186. pi. 4, f. 97, 98. 1883. Not

C. Martiana Wallm. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1853: 294. 1853.

Dioicous: plant up to 30 cm. high, olive- or gray-green, moder-

ately to strongly incrusted, fragile; stems 0.6-0.85 mm. in diameter,

triply corticated; spine-cells scattered or subverticillate, acute and

rather rigid, 0.075-0.7 mm. long, 30-50 /x in diameter at base;

stipulodes forming a double whorl at each node, those of the upper

whorl reaching a length of 0.45-1.68 mm., covering the uncorticated

basal internode of the leaves or considerably shorter, those of the

lower whorl similar; leaves 10-14 *n & whorl, 1.5-3 cm. long, showing

8-13 internodes, all triply corticated except the basal and one (or

rarely 2) at apex, which are uncorticated, the basal 0.6-0.9 mm.

long, 0.25-0.35 mm. broad, mostly twice as long as broad; leaflets

at sterile nodes subequal, 0.16-0.25 mm. long, 50-80 /i broad at

base, rather rigid; anterior bracteoles up to 0.45-0.6 mm. long,

the lateral and posterior 0.14-0.25 mm. long; antheridian 0.38-0.6

mm. in diameter; sporocarps 0.4-0.68 mm. long, 0.3-0.47 mm.

broad, crown cells 35-65 n high.

•A. Braun, Uebersicht der Schweizerischen Characeen 23. 1847.

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.

BOTANY, VOL. IV, PL. XVI.

CHARA KENOYERI.

Slightly reduced.

UNIVERSITY OF

us BAN A

NEW SPECIES OF CHARA 161

BOLIVIA: At the mouth of the Ingenio River, alt. 3,000 ft.,

September 28, 1921, H. H. Rusby 692 (Mulford Biological Explo-

ration of the Amazon Basin; type in Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.).

Reported also by Braim-Nordstedt, under the name Chara

Martiana A. Br., from several localities in Brazil (Province of Minas

Geraes, Province of Matto Grosso, Province of Piauhy, and in the

lake of Algadoes), and from Oran, in the Argentine Republic, near

the Bolivian border.

THE UBRARY OF 1HE

JUL241PM

UNIVERSITY Of 1UUNO»S