LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS.

Axcock, AtrreD ;—An Instance ee the Natural tag Effect of ©

“ Warning Colours” .....40.. Bisbee crsesi

;—Description of a new iopeces ‘of Bianckipnd

from Calcutta. (Plate X) . bs bar “2s eeslosenunvenays eWoeatieens a

;—Materials sp a iOakeinalogied aun of adi:

No. 2. The Brachyura Oxystoma. (Plates VI-VIII) .......

;—Natural History Notes from H. M. Indian

Marine Survey Steamer ‘ Investigator,’ Commander C. F.

Oldham, RB. N., commanding. Series II. No. 23. A Supple-

mentary List of the Marine Fishes of India, with Descriptions

of 2 New Generaand 8 New Species ......0+.

—_—_———__,, and Finn, F.;—An Account of Ve Bopha En

lected by Dr. F. P. Maynard, Captain A. H. McMahon, C. I. L.,

and the Members of the Afghan-Baluch ee Ooitiniestn

of 1896. (Plates XE-XV) .. ven

Anverson, A. R. S.;—WNatural History Noten fii vital R. on WE

Survey Steamer ‘ Investigator, Commander C. F. Oldham,

R.N., commanding. Series II. No. 21. An Account of the

Deep Sea Crustacea collected during the season 1894-95 .........

BHaDuRI, JYOTIBHUSHAN ;—WNote on the Decomposition of Mercurous

Chloride and Estimation of Free Chlorine .......++.

;—On the Transformation of Hipochlorites

to Chlorates: being the Elliott Prize ae for 1895. (Plates

III-V) . ona edaouctheceor

Finn, F. BO Ge eect tins g ‘Hie ea ie Warning. Oct Wd

Mimicry, No.1I. Hzperiments with a Inzard. (Calotes versi-

CHIOL). . 2.00

ae of te ete Pete by the Afghan Bain Bova

dary Commission of 1896 . 3

Henperson, J. R. ;—Natural ivory Notes ‘fon fp M. Tadian

Marine Survey Steamer ‘ Investigator, Commander C.

Oldham, R. N., commanding. Series II. No. 24. ae on

the Paguridex collected during the Season 1893-94 1.4... sc scevees

Kine, Grorce ;—Descriptions of some New Indian Trees ............45

— ;—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula

—— ;—Notes on the Indian Species of Vitis, Linn serrvoors

Page.

539

538

134

30]

84.

566

516

114

339

108

iv List of Contributors.

Kine, GrorcGe, and eee R.;—A second series of New

Orchids from Sikkim .. Bee sceonene aclaeeine cere

, and PRAIN, D. iG), ‘Croftia, a new ‘ae Chinese

genus of Scitaminee. (Plate IX)...

Nac, Nacenpra Cuannra ;—Notes from he hema Laborato of

the Presidency College, Calcutta. Notes on New Salts of Cobalt

and Nickel . suleeuleealve dale

Pepuer, A., and Ena Sean Noted on ie ‘actten of

Nitric Outi on Alkalies .. ie eIstien

Prain, D. ;—Novicixe Indicex a tess EE amavis. sues

——— ;—Novicie Indice XI. Two additional species ne

(Plates Tand If) . 50 noseeatcocr

;—Novicize Tadice XIL Desription of a new genus of

Orchidacee ..

Unoeione Foes ‘XIIL eae Ne fone on sande We

volvulacese ; with descriptions of three additional species ....+. ++.

——_ ;—_ Novicie Indice XIV. Some additional Solanacez.....

Ranging, G. S. A.;—A Note on the Nature of the Substance formed

during fermentation, from which Indigo Blue is eventually

formed in Indigo Manufacture; and on Indigo Brown ........

Ray, P. C.;—On Mercurous Nitrite .....00.000

No.

”

Dates of Issue. Part II, 1896.

I.—Containing pp. 1-56, was issued on May Ist, 1896.

II.—Containing pp. 57-300, with Plates I-V and IX, was issued

on July 21st, 1896.

I11.—Containing pp. 301-544, with Plates VI-VIII and X, was

issued on October Ist, 1896.

1V.—Containing pp. 545-567, with Plates XI-XV, was issued

on April 12th, 1897.

{

(vor

LIST OF PLATES.

No. “I.—Lagotis pharica.

wT —. crassifolia.

» ~ Hi— 5 12

» VIV.— {on the Transformation of Hypochlorites to Chlorates. p

1 Nie f

: Calappa pustulosa.

Pseudophilyra wood-masont.

Leucosia corallicola.

a sima.

a truncata.

\Pseudophilyra blanfordi.

( Philyra corallicola.

» sexangula.

Ebalia wood-masoni.

»~ VIL—4 5, diadumena.

| Nursia blanfordz.

1 » nasuta.

L persica.

: Heteronucia vesiculosa.

Pariphiculus rostratus.

Actzomorpha morum.

Tlos patella.

» '1X.—Croftia spectabilis.

» “X.—Branchipus bengalensis.

xe ae showing roughly the route traversed by the Baluch-

Afghan Boundary Commission of 1896.

, ~XII.—Phrynocephalus euptilopus.

ie XIII.—Scaptira aporosceles.

6 XIV .—Lytorhynchus maynardi.

ts V —Hristicophis macmahonia

55 wood-masont.

VI |

pb)

pe Vit

JOURNAL

OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.

<A —

Mar Pex. Partill.— NATURAL SCIENCE.

No: I, —18S96.

On Mercurous Nitrite. — By P. C. Ray, D. Sc.

(Read December, 1895.)

Preliminary.

Having recently had occasion to prepare mercurous nitrate in

quantity by the action of dilute nitric acid in the cold on mercury, I

was rather struck by the appearance of a yellow crystalline deposit. At

first sight it was taken to be a basic salt, but the formation of such a

salt in a strongly acid solution was contrary to ordinary experience.

A preliminary test proved it, however, to be at once a mercurous salt

as well as a mitrite. The interesting compound promised thus amply to

repay an investigation.

Historical.

Lefort, Gerhardt and Marignac, especially the last, have studied

and described in detail the action of nitric acid on mercury under

varying circumstances. We have to labour here under the serious dis-

advantage of not having access to the original memoirs of these French

chemists. Fortunately, a complete resumé of Marignac’s work is to be

found in Fremy’s Encyclopédie Chimique. The information as regards

mercurous nitrite, however, is scarcely worth anything.* Roscoe and

* The words which have a direct bearing on the present subject are quoted

here: “L’azotite mercurenx se forme .. en meme temps que l’azotate mercurique,

d’apres Lefort, chaque fois que l’on attaque du mercure par de l’acide nitrique.

D’autre part, Gerhardt n’admet pas l’existence de l’azotite mercurenx et il considére

les produits obtenus comme de l’azotate mercuroso-mercurigue.” ‘Tome III., p 240.

Jee nie

meet?!

2 P. C. Ray— On Mercurous Nitrite. [No. 1,

Schorlemmer in their well-known treatise do not so much as mention

this compound, nor is there any reference to it to be found in the latest

edition of Watt’s Dictionary of Chemistry.

— Method of Preparation.

Yellow nitric acid, sp. gr. 1°410, is diluted with water in the pro-

portion of 1 to 3 in a flask or beaker. A large excess of mercury is at

once poured into the liquid. ‘The heat of solution of the acid in

water helps to start the reaction. A gentle effervescence of gases at

once takes place, and in the course of about an hour yellow needles,

resembling prismatic sulphur, begin to appear on the surface of mereury.

After a few hours the liquid together with the mercury.is carefully

decanted off, and the salt shaken out of the vessel over porous tiles to

remove the adhering mother-liquor.

For purposes of analysis, etc., it is preferable to collect the first

day’s or at most the second day’s crops only, partly because minute

globules of mercury get entangled among the mass of the crystalline

deposit, which it is tedious to get rid of, and partly because the com-

position of the salt varies on standing in the liquid. Thus it is found

that if the salt instead of being removed is allowed to remain in con-

tact with the mercury and the mother-liquor, it gradually disappears

and inits place transparent, perfectly colourless, crystals are formed,

which grow in size with time. These latter will be described under

the name of “ Marignac’s salt,” which is a basic mercurous nitrate.

. Qualitative tests.

The new compound among others answers to the following tests :—

1. Dilute sulphuric acid slowly evolves nitrous fumes: more readily

on heating. ,

2. On warming with a large excess of water, globules of mercury

separate out. In the cold the decomposition is only partial.

The perfectly clear mother-liquor, decanted off the mercury, gives

the following reactions :—

(a) Boiled with an excess of pure caustic soda solution, it yields

a black dense precipitate, the filtrate from which, after acidification

with dilute sulphuric acid, rapidly decolorizes potassium permanganate

solution and instantly sets free iodine from potassium iodide.

(b) Sodium chloride throws down a copious white precipitate ;

after removal of the calomel, the filtrate is now divided into several

portions; to one is added caustic soda and a yellow precipitate is the

result, another portion treated with potassium iodide gives an orange

precipitate; whilst a third portion on addition of hydrochloric and

phosphorous acids yields a further quantity of mercurous chloride.

1896. ] P, C. Ray— On Mercurous Nitrite. Nis 8,

It is thus evident that in the clear solution we have both a mz2rcu-

rous and a mercuric salt as well as a nitrite. Urea does not give the

faintest opalescence to the liquid, showing the absence of mercuric

nitrate,

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS.

A. Hstimation of Mercury.

In determining the composition of the salt, the amount of mercury

in it will have the predominating voice, on account of its high atomic

weight; the nitrogen playing only a minor part. The estimation of

this metal will therefore be described somewhat in detail.

It has already been shewn that when the salt is heated with a

large bulk of water, metallic mercury separates out, leaving in solution

both an ows and an ic salt. The mercury thus liberated sometimes

collects readily into a single globule; sometimes it remains as a grey

powder, the whole of which it is difficult to aggregate into globules,

even after continued heating with hydrochloric acid. For estimation,

the mercury is now transferred to a tared crucible and kept under a

dessicator, The mercury weighed in this form will be termed “ free’’

mercury all along.

The solution decanted off the mercury with the rinsings of the

yessel is considerably diluted with water and an excess of hydrochloric

and phosphorous acids added to it. The mixture is now allowed to

stand overnight and the precipitate of mercurous chloride weighed in

the usual way. When, however, it is desired to estimate the ous and

the ic salts separately, treatment with sodium chloride is resorted to

previous to the addition of hydrochloric and phosphorous acids, and the

calomel then weighed in two instalments. Although this method yields

accurate results, it often proves a very tedious one. After removal of

the calomel by HC1+H,PO3;, and further dilution of the filtrate with

water, a small quantity of precipitate, varying from a few centi- to

milligrams is generally obtained the succeeding day, and so on, Pro-

bably it was the nitrous acid necessarily present in the liquid which

caused this kind of retardation in the precipitation of calomel.*

In afew cases the mercury in the zc salt was estimated as the

sulphide. But this metiiod is almost equally troublesome on account

of the large quantity of sulphuc set free. The pores of the filter-paper

get choked up and the filtration, though carried on under reduced

pressure with the aid of Bunsen’s pump, proceeds very slowly. More-

over the precipitate has to be digested with a strong solution of sodium

* Tn the estimation of mercurous nitrate no such retardation occurs.

4 P. C. Ray— On Mereurous Nitrite, | [No ],

sulphite, thoroughly washed with hot water, dried and re-washed with

carbon bisulphide, purified by being kept over mercury and re-distilled.

Unless the precipitate is treated once more with carbon bisulphide, the

result is apt to be too high. There is thus not much to choose between

these methods. Both, however, give satisfactory results when conduct-

ed with care and patience.

Prepuration I.—0°8695 gram. substance gave 0°274 gram. “free”

mercury =31°5 per cent. “free” mercury. 1°1895 gram. substance kept

over H, SO, in the dessicator; July 27th 1895. July 39th, wt.=1184

gram.; after a month’s stay in the dessicator, the wt. was coustant=

1184 gram. 1:184 gram. substance gave 0°3485 gram. “free” Hg,=

29°43 per cent. “free”? Hg; 0:246 gram. Hg,Cl, from the ous salt in

solution=17°7 per cent. He.; and 0422 gram. He, Cl, from the ze salt

= 30°27 per cent. Hg.

Preparation I1.—1:2865 gram. substance gave 0°3957 gram. “ free”

Hg,=30°76 per cent.; 0°25 gram. Hg,Cl, from the ous salt=16°5 per

cent. He; and 04645 gram. Hg,Cl, from the te salt=30°69 per cent.

Hg. 1-224 gram. substance gave 0°3575 gram. “ free” Hg,=29°2 per

cent.; 0°243 gram. Hg,Cl, from the ows portion=16°86 per cent. Hg;

and 0°437 gram. Hg,Cl, from the ic portion=30°'31 per cent. Hg.

Preparation III.—1-641 gram. substance gave 0°5025 gram. “free”

Hg, =30'62 per cent.; 0348 gram. Hg,Cl, from the ous salt=17°8

per cent. Hg; and 05965 gram. Hes fons the ic salt=31°33 per

cent. Hg.

The results are presented here in a tabulated form for convenience

of reference.

“ Pree” Mercury Mercury Total |

Maan in the in the per cent. of

y: ac Salt. ous Salt. | Pile cury.

| '

ike 315 a sen oe

2 [29:43] 30:27 Wee) eos )

| |

3) 30°76 30°69 16-5 7795 “eae

4 [29-2] 30°31 16°86 77-87 S

5. 30°62 31:33 17°8 79°75 J

The percentage of “ free mercury” in analyis (2) and (4) respectively

comes out too low. The cause of this has been already explained.

1896. ] P. C. Ray—On Mercurous Nitrite. 5

Whenever the mercury separates out as fine grey powder it is difficult

to collect the whole of it into globules; during the decantation of the

liquid a part of it is cirried off, and during the process of boiling

witli hydrochloric acid to induce coagulation another portion is lost by

volatilisation. As Fresenius himself remarks: ‘in general a little

mercury is lost.” In analysis (5) the percentage of mercury in the ic

salt is a little too high, because this was estimated as HeS (see ante

p- 4). It would be safe to take 30°7 as the percentage of mercury

both in the “free” state as well as in the ic salt, and this number has

been actually taken in calculating the percentage in (2) and (4).

B. Estimation of Nitrogen.

The salt was boiled with water and after separation of “free”

mercury, the clear liquid was made up to a definite volume and gene-

rally 4¢.c, of it treated in the nitrometer. In the case of very dilute

solutions of alkaline nitrites and nitrates it is generally the custom to

take a larger volume of the liquid, evaporate it to dryness and then

dissolve the residue in the minimum quantity (say 2c.c.) of water.

But unfortunately this could not be done in the present case, as thereby

insoluble basic salts were formed. In dealing with small quantities

any experimental errors would no doubt be hiyhly magnified and thus

tend to vitiate the result; but the method is one which admits of

rigorous exactitude, as was proved by blank experiments with dilute

solutions of protassium nitrate.*

Preparation lV. (a) Substance=0°2554 gram.; Volume of solution

= 65 c.c.

4¢.c. Sol.=1:5 c.c. NO; t=33°C; p=760 mean (mean of 4 cocor-

dant estimations). Whence NO=11°46 per cent.

(6) Substance=2°008 gram.; Vol. of Sol. =226 cc.

4c.c. Sol. =3°5 c.c. NO (mean of 3 estimations) ; t=31°C; p=

760 m.m.

Whence SO = 11°87 per cent.

4 c.c. Sol. =3°9 c.c. NO (mean of 4 estimations) ; +=32°C; p=

760 m.m.

Whence NO =11°93 per cent.

* One who has made the estimation of nitrites and nitrates almost his life-

lone study testifies as regards the Crum-Frankland process, “ that in the absence

of organic matter and with proper manipulation in the shaking tube, the method

is one of great accuracy, and capable of determining extremely small quantities of

nitrates or nitrites.” Warington—Chem. Soc. Jour. 1879, page 387.

6 P. C. Ray— On Mercurous Nitrite. [Na. J,

Evidence as to the salt being a nitrite pure and simple.

As the Crum-Frankland does not enable as to discriminate between

the nitrate and the nifrite, use was made of the well known reaction

between urea and nitrous acid.*

It was found that the solution of the ous and ic salt was only

slowly and imperfectly acted upon by dilute sulphuric acid, it was

therefore treated with pure caustic soda and warmed, In this way

the nitrite was converted into an alkaline salt.

Substance =0°7285 gram.; Vol. of Sol. =100 a.c,

After absorption of CO, by strong lye :

4 cc: sol.=2'85 c.c. N (b=32°C.

POU OS Ni —oxoorclor

WG Co, S71 cle, p=756 m,m.

Whence NO =11°7 per cent.

As the urea also gives up the whole of its nitrogen according to the

equation given below, the experimental error is thus diminished by half,

2: HNO, + CON,H,=CO, +2N,+5H,0.

Dunstan and Dymond’s method of estimating nitrites was also

applied; but in this case itis extremely difficult to prevent leakage of

traces of air. The result in general was rather high.

The mean of the several estimations of nitric oxide is 11:74.

Discussion of the Results and Theoretical Considerations.

The results accord well with the formula:

HgNO,+ 1/2 H,O.+

Theory. Found.

He = 200-00 48:43 78°55

ie = B00) ialen 7 11°74

O = 16:00 6:27

W2EO) = 9-00 3°53

255:'00 100:00

On dilution with a sufficiently large quantity of water, the salt

moreover undergoes dissociation; thus:

Hg,(NO,),= He + Hg (NO,)o,

* For details of this process see “A gasometric method of determining nitrous

acid,” by P. F. Frankland. Chem. Soc. Jour. LIII, 364.

+ While correcting the proofs I may as well mention here that the salt has

the formula Hg.NO,. Since the memoir was presented to the Society, I haye made

repeated analyses of it, the mercury being estimated as sulphide, as phosphorous

acid gives very low results in presence of nitrous acid. ‘The percentage of ‘* free”

mercury has been found to be 31°41, that in the ic salt, 31-41 and that in the

ous salt, 17°83: total 80°62. Theory for Hg,NOg requires 81°3.

1896.] P. C. Ray— On Mercurous Nitrite. 7

The amount of mereury set free being equal to that contained in

the ic salt, quantitative proof of which has been given above. The

dissociation of mercurous nitrite is analogous to that of calomel :*

He,Cl, = He + HeCl,.

Diminution of pressure in one case playing the rdle of dilution in

the otiier; nearly 22 per cent. of the salt, however, dissolves as such, and

dilution has no further effect in increasing the proportion of dissocia-

tion. (Vide table, p. 4).

The present compound throws additional light on the action of

nitric acid on the copper-mercury group of metals. It is now admitted

by chemists that “in their relation to nitric acid metals must be divid-

ed into two classes.” To the former belong those which produce

ammonia and hydroxylamine from it; e.g. Tin, Zinc, Cadmium, Iron,

Aluminium, Potassium, &., while the latter includes Copper, Silver,

Mercury and Bismuth. These seem to enter into direct union with the

nitrogen of the acid, instead of displacing its hydrogen. The formation

of the nitro compounds of the fatty series by V. Meyer’s method lends

additional support to this theory. This nitronic constitution of nitrous

acid, as Divers puts it, also explains the advantage of red or yellow

nitric acid in dissolving metals of the silver-mercury class.+

aa | NO,+HO | NO, = ie Nort HOU.

Indeed, the presence of nitrous acid seems to be sine qud non for

the dissolution of metals like silver, mercury, &., as was first pointed

out by Russell. This chemist also showed that when silver dissolves

in nitric acid, “silver nitrite is formed in quantity, partly in solution

in the silver nitrite hquor, partly as crystals.” The stability of silver

nitrite in presence of strong nitric acid is noteworthy, as ordinary

nitrites are decomposed even by the weakest acids. The nitronic

nature of silver nitrite alfords a ready explanation of this apparent

anomaly.

Acworth and Armstrong in their classical researches found “ that

“the amount of gas [NO] obtained by decomposing silver nitrite by

“nitric acid varies according to the strength of the acid, being greater

“the weaker the acid”’ (the italics are ours)...... again “no amount of

* Harris and VY. Meyer’s recent experiments fully bear out the conclusion arriy-

ed at by Odling years ago. See “ Ueber den Molekularzustand des Calomedamp-

fes” Berichte : 27 (1894) p. 1482.

+ Divers: Chem. Soc, Journ. for 1883 Trans., p. 443; also ibid. Trans. for 1885,

p- 231.

t “On the action of Hydrogen on Silver Nitrate,’ Chem. Soc. Journ. Trang .

[2] xii. 3.

8 P. C. Ray — On Mercurous Nitrite. [No. 1,

heating will effect this [decomposition] if the acid be concentrated.” *

Mercurous nitrite seems to behave exactly like silver nitrite.

The traces of nitrous acid, present in the yellow nitric acid, no

doubt, start the reaction, but how to account for the continued forma-

tion of mercurous nitrite? For, this small quantity is soon used up

according to the equation given above. There must be a parallel

reaction going on to keep up the supply of nitrous acid. Acworth and

Armstrong thus explain the action of copper on nitric acid. t

Cu+2 HNO, = 2 H+Cu(NO,),

2H+HNO, = HNO,+0OH,

3 HNO, = 2NO+HNO,+08,,.

Adopting this view, the mercurous nitrite would continue to be

formed for some time, and being insoluble in the menstruum, would be

precipated; whilst mercurous nitrate would remain in solution. The

strength of the acid also would go on diminishing, till a time arrives

when mercurous nitrite is no longer stable in this liquid, the nitrous

acid decomposing according to the equation:

3 HNO, =2 NO+HNO,+0H8H,

and Marignac’s salt begins to be formed. The transformation of the

nitrite into nitrate is however very slow, the process extending over

weeks.

During the initial stages of the reaction the reverse change seems to

take place; for, on the surface of the mercury somewhat brisk effer-

vescence goes on, but proportionally very little nitric oxide escapes.

During its upward ascent most part of it is absorbed, thus :—

2NO+HNO,+H,0 =3 HNO,.

A strong proof in favour of this view seems to be the fact that

as soon as the superincumbent liquid is poured off, torrents of red

fumes appear on the surface of mercury.

* On the Reduction of Nitric Acid, &c., Chem. Soc. Journ., Vol. LI. (1877 ),

p. 54 et seq.

+ Whether NO is formed through the agency of nascent hydrogen, or by the

direct action of the metal on nitric acid must be left at present an open question.

Cf. Deville: De l’état naissant, Compt. Rend., 1870, LXX., 22, 550.

{ Veley also arrives at this conclusion. “If the conditions are such that

“these metals [Copper, Mercury and Bismuth] dissolve, it would appear that the

“metallic nitrite is at first formed, together with nitric oxide. The former is de-

“composed by the excess of nitric acid to liberate nitrous acid, whilst the latter

“reduces the nitric acid to form a further quantity of nitrous acid.”

“Hventually the net result is the product of two reverse chemical changes

“represented by the equations —

(1) 2NO+HNO;+ H,0=3 HNO,.

(2) 3 HNO,=2 NO+ HNO;+ H,0.”

Proc. Royal Soc. (1890), 48, page 458.

1896.] P. C. Ray — On Mercurous Nitrite. 9

The place of mercury in the Periodic System would naturally

justify the expectation that it would yield the analogue of silver nitrite,

and the present compound is a realisation of it.

Although the compounds of monatomic mercury resemble the

corresponding ones of silver, there is a sharp distinction between them.

Silver never gives basic or hydrated salts, whilst the compounds of

mercury with nitric or nitrous acids seem to be almost invariably basic

or hydrated or both.

Tt has already been said that for purpose of analysis the first or

second day’s crop should be collected; after a longer time a granular

mass of yellow rhombic tabular prisms (?) is obtained, which is

rather richer in the percentage of mercury and at the same time much

less stable. When this salt, after being dried on the porous tile, is kept

in the bottle, it constantly evolves nitrous fumes.

Temperature also seems to have important bearing on the forma-

tion of the present salt. The ordinary temperature of the Laboratory

in the summer season, 31° to 30°C., seems to be very favourable for the

growth of the needles. .

The different mercurous nitrites and nitrates and mercuric nitrite,

as also an attempt to prepare nitro-ethane with the aid of the com-

pound now described, will form the subject of subsequent communica-

tions.

oe Ee,

10 D. Prain— Some additional Fumariacee. [No. 1,

Novicize Indice X. Some additional Fumariaceez.—By D. Pratn.

{Read 4th December, 1895.]

The remarks made at the commencement of the ninth contribution

of species new to the Indian Flora apply to the present one also.

The Fumariacee form in reality only a suborder of Papaveracex.

The limitation of genera here has given even greater trouble than in

the case of Papaveracex proper, while of late years systematists have

had to contend with a complicated synonymy due toa well-meant but, the

writer believes, too rigid application of the rules regarding priority of

nomenclature. As in the present paper the writer adheres both to the

generic limits and the generic names of the Flora of British India, and

as no new genera belonging to the group have been reported from India,

no new generic key is required.

1. HYPECOUM Tovryer.

Key to the Indian species.

* Leaf segments linear; flowers yellow; fruits pendulous

thickish — a0 obo bb oe . 1, E. parviflorum.

** Leaf segments oblong; flowers pale purple or white with

purple streaks, rarely yellow; fruits ascending narrow ... 2. H. leptocarpum.

1. Hyprcoum parvirLorum Kar. § Kir. Bull. Soc. Mosc. xy. 141

(1842). H. procumbens H. f. & T. Flor. Ind. 275 (1855); Flor. Brit.

Ind. i. 120 (1872) nec Linn. H. pendulum Boiss. Flor. Or. i. 125 (1867)

in parte, syn, H. caucasicum Koch exclus. via Linn.

Add to localities of F. B. I.:—N.-W. Himataya; Gilgit, Giles!

Substitute for distrib. of F. B. I.:—Beluchistan, Afghanistan,

Western Persia, Turkestan, Yarkand, Soongaria.

This species comes just within the western border of the Indian region. Jt

is a plant with precisely the habit of Hypecoum pendulum, with which species M.

Boissier has identified it but differs so markedly in certain respects that Sir

J. D. Hooker and Dr. Thomson, in both their treatises on the Indian species, have

preferred to include it in H. procumbens. It does not agree in habit with this latter

species nearly so well, but its fruits, being more decidedly dehiscent into joints than

those of true H. pendulum are, agree better with those of H. procumbens. It will be

noted that Hooker and Thomson include the plant in a species that has 3-lobed

outer petals, while Boissier includes it in one that has entire outer petals. Both

courses are justifiable because in the Indian plant this character breaks down;

some of the specimens have entire, others have 3-lobed petals. The original

Soongarian specimens on which Karelin and Kirilow’s species was founded have

entire outer petals as in H. pendulum; the characters on which they have relied in

distinguishing their plant are the greater tendency to dehiscence of capsule seg-

1896. ] D. Prain— Some additional Fumaviacee. ll

ments and the fact that the epidermis remains entire after the segments have

fallen away. This is characteristic of the Indian specimens also, whether the outer

petals be lobed or entire, and it is on this account that the writer makes the identi-

fication noted above. Thus considered the plant is seen to be a very distinct

geographical form occupying the eastern portion of the Mediterranean and Central

Asian region. The differences implied by their fruit-characters are however so

decidedly only differences of degree, that in a monographic review of the genus

it would probably be preferable to unite H. parviflorum with H. pendulum as M.

Boissier has proposed. For the purposes of a local Flora it is obviously better to

follow Sir J. D. Hooker and Dr. Thomson in separating them.

2. Hypecoum teprocarrum H. f. & T. Flor. Ind. 276 (1855) ; Flor.

Brit. Ind. i. 120 (1872); Franchet, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. xxxiii. 391

(1886); Mazim., Flor. Tangut. 37; Enum. Mongol. 36.

Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Badakshan, Giles! Pangi, Heyde!

Kamaon, Duthie! Bootan, Chumbi and Phari, Dr. King’s Collectors !

Distris. E. Tibet (Vhorold!) 8S. E. Tibet (King’s Collectors!) N. Tibet

(Przewalski !) China; Kansu (Potanin!) Szechuen (Pratt!) Yunnan

(Delavay !)

This very distinct species comes just within the northern border of the Indian

region. Its area lies to the east of that occupied by the preceding but without

overlapping it. Very nearly related to this and perhaps only varietally distinct

is H. chinense Franchet, [Pl. David. i. 27 (1884)]. This differs somewhat from

H. leptocarpum in foliage and differs moreover in having yellow petals. The colour

noted for the petals of H. leptocarpum are “pale purple” (Hooker) and “ pink,”

“rose,” “slate-coloured,” ‘‘bluish-white,” “white with purple-streaks” (various

collectors sent by Dr. King); in one gathering from Chumbi, the petals have been

noted as “yellow.” This gathering therefore, agrees with M. Franchet’s plant,

which comes from the neighbourhood of Pekin, as to flowers; at the same time

it has the foliage of the other specimens and could not be separated, even asa

variety, from H. leptocarpum. The existence of this form strongly supports M.

Franchet’s suspicion (loc. cit.) that H. chinense is merely a variety of H. leptocar-

pum. In Northern Tibet and Mongolia the flowers, Mr. Maximowicz says, are

always pale-yellow, never blue.

DICENTRA Borxu.

Key to the Indiun species.

* Bracts elongate, capsules narrow linear, coriaceous :—

_ + Bracts as long as pedicels; ae torulose, seeds

opaque ... . L. D. torulosa,

++ Bracts shorter Hea Pe aiecl: capsules ae Hosnlienes

seeds shining oc nC ... 2. D. Royle.

** Bracts very small, Beedle broad (@deds enna

+ Capsule membranous, acute at both ends, early dehis-

(Heine eee “oe nec . 8. D. Macrocapnos.

++ Capsule fleshy, BrAte, corde: tardily or not ito 4, D, scandens,

12 D. Prain— Some additional Fumariacee. [No. 1,

In habit, the Himalayan Dicentras differ widely from all the North Asian and

North American forms; in this respect they agree with the American plant known

as Adlumia cirrhosa, which, differing as it does from Dicentra only in haying its 4

petals united, scarcely deserves generic rank.

1. Dicenrra toruLosa H. f. & T., Flor. Ind. 272 (1855); Flor.

Brit. Ind. i. 121 (1872). Kuasia; Grifith! Mann! Collett! Burma;

Mynela, Anderson! Distris. Yunnan ( Delavay !)

M. Franchet has shown the writer Chinese specimens of this species recently

received at Herb. Paris.

2. Dicentra Roynel H. f. & T., Flor. Ind. 273 (1855) ; Flor. Brit. »

Ind. i, 121 (1872). Corydalis scandens Franch. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr.

xxxill. 391 (1886) ; Pl. Delavay. 44 (1889) nec Spreng.

Kamaon: Simla, Lady Dalhousie! Mussoorie Royle! Falconer!

Dippi, 8,000 ft. Brandis 3272! Booran: Griffith! Kuasta: Griffith!

Robertson! Distris. Yunnan (Delavay !)

This is the second of the scandent group of Dicentras characteristic of the

Himalayan region that extends to South-west China. M. Franchet in referring

the whole genus Dicentra to Corydalis adopts a course with which the writer is

much inclined to agree, but which in a paper like the present it is not advisable to

follow. The step is only a reversion to the view advocated by Sprengel. By a

lapsus calami the specific name of another North-west Himalayan plant has been

given in the Plantae Delavayanae; Delavay’s specimens show that the Yunnan plant

is D. Roylev.

3. Dicentra Macrocapnos Prain. Dicentra scandens H. f. § T.

Flor. Ind. 273 (1855); Gen. Pl. i. 55 (1862); Flor. Brit. Ind. i. 121

(1872) nec Walp. Dactylicapnos thalictrifolia Wall. Cat. n. )426/2

tantum (1829) nequaquam Tent. Flor. Nepal. Macrocapnos Royle ex

Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 1. 439,(1836) ; Royle Ill. 68 (1859).

GarHwaL: Hdgeworth! above Kinoli, Duthie n. 3820! above Ghat,

7-8,000 ft. Duthie n. 3821! Kamaon: Dwarahat and Scbah, Saharan-

pur Collectors! near Kaladoongi, etc., Davidson! Blinkworth (Wall. Cat.

n. 1426/2)! Royle !

Nepal is also given as a locality for this species both in Flor. Ind. and Flor. Brit.

Ind. This is the result of Dr. Wallich having, in the distribution of the BE. I. C. Her-

barium, mixed specimens of this species sent him by Blinkworth, with his own

Dactylicapnos thalictrifolia from Nepal. But though Wallich erred in his identifi-

cation he did not issue Blinkworth’s plant as a Nepalese one, the original tickets

as well as the lithographed catalogue alike indicate carefully that Blinkworth’s

plant (which is Wallich’s n. 1426/2) came from Kamaon. Wallich’s n. 1426/1, which

he himself collected in Nepal, is not a mixture of two species; it is his own Dacty-

licapnos thalictrifolia and is the only Dicentra that he obtained in Nepal. The

Wallichian error was pointed out by Royle (Il/. 68) in 1839, but his remarks were

unfortunately ignored by Walpers (Repert. i. 118) when in 1842 he reyised the

1896. ] D. Prain— Some additional Fumariacex. 13

genus. Indeed Walpers deliberately identifies the present plant, which is Royle’s

Macrocapnos, with Dactylicapnos of Wallich, although Royle is careful to point out

that Wallich’s plant is quite different from his. Sir J. D. Hooker and Dr. Thomson,

unwilling to invent a new name for the Kamaon species, use Walpers’ name for it,

retaining Wallich’s for the Nepal species seeing that it was the plant which Wallich

originally described. Unfortunately, however, the use of Walper’s name did not

originate with himself but with Don, who employed it, without any of the

blunders of Wallich or of Walpers, for the Nepal plant. This original description

(Prodr. Flor. Nep. 198) is indeed so meagre that it might apply to either species but

the fact remains that it can only apply to the Nepal one, since the Kamaon plant,

named D. scandens in the Flora of British India, had not then been collected,

and has not even yet been obtained in Nepal. And, as if this were not

enough, we find that in the account of the Nepal plant in Sweet’s Brit. Fl.

Garden, Don’s name Diclytra scandens of the Prodr, #lor. Nep. is expressly

stated to be the same as Wallich’s Dactylicapnos thalictrifolia of the Tent.

Flor. Nep.; this account is written by Don himself. This being the case

Walper’s name must go to designate, as he intended that it should, the plant

already named by Don Diclytra scandens. The best distinctive name for the

Kamaon plant seems then to be that which Royle had proposed to use generically ; it

has accordingly been here adopted.

4. DIcENTRA scanpeNS Walp. Rep. i. 118 (1842)—syn. Macro-

capnos Royle exclus. Diclytra scandens D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 198

(1825). Corydalis scandens Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. cur. post. 265 (1827).

Diclytra scandens G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 140 (1831). Dactylicapnos

thalictrifolia Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. 51. t. 39 (1826); Cat. n. 1426/1

tantum (1829); G. Don, Gen. Syst. 1. 141 (1831); D. Don in Sweet,

Brit. Fl. Gard. ser. ii. t. 127 (1832). , Dicentra thalictrifoha 4. f. & T.

Flor. Ind. 273 (1855) ; Flor. Brit. Ind. i. 121 (1872).

Nepat: Noakote, Wallich n. 1426/1! Sikkim; very common.

Booran; Griffith ! Kasia; very common. Misumr: Yeu, in woods,

Griffith !

There is little doubt that this species is quite distinct from the preceding in spite

of their having been considered identical by Wallich. The bibliographical con-

fusion that has prevailed as the result of this identification has been discussed

above under the Kamaon species.

[ No. 1,

D. Prain— Some additional Fumariacee.

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18 D. Prain— Some additional Fumariacee. [No. ],

Since 1872, when the account of this genus in the Flora of British India was

published, the number of species reported from the Indian area has beeu doubled.

For our acquaintance with eight of the newly reported species from the north-

west Himalayan region, we are indebted to the exertions of Mr. Duthie of Saharan-

pur; ten more are due to the extensive exploration of the provinces of Sikkim and

Chumbi conducted by Dr. King dnring the past twenty years. Four others from

the north-west and north-east frontiers have been obtained by Dr. Aitchison, Mr.

Ellis, Mr. Lace and Dr. Watt. ‘The remaining species, recognised in this paper as

separate, are plants known at the time of publication of the Flora of British India,

but in that work referred to other species. In nearly every case they had already

received the rank of varieties ; in every instance not ouly their existence but the fact

that they exhibit characters deviating from those of the species to which they hare

been tentatively referred, has been pointed out by Sir Joseph Hooker and Dr.

Thomson; their present recognition as species apart is due to the communication

since 1872 of more extensive material for study.

In the foregoing Key, which has been prepared principally with a view to the

assistance of field botanists, pains has been taken to avoid as far as possible the use

of floral characters. The characters derived from the flowers do not in the writers’

experience assist one greatly in classification. The relative length of spur and

lamina of the larger outer petal is not quite a reliable character; though in the

majority of cases this relationship remains fairly uniform, there are some in which

it does not, there being considerable variability in the absolute length of spur

within the limits of some at least of the species here recognised, without any cor-

responding alteration of dimensions on the part of the lamina. The presence or

absence of wings to the petals is another character that, taken by iiself, appears to

fail; at all events among Indian species it has been found necessary to include in at

least two, CO. cachemiriana and C. tibetica, that are widely divergent, forms which —

save for the complete absence of wings to the petals cannot be distinguished

from their respective types. Nor is colour of material assistance. In the large

majority of Indian species the flowers are some shade of yellow, in one instance

(C. ophiocarpa) so faint that the flowers are almost white; in the remaining

species the flowers are mauve or purple. But one species with usually purple

flowers (C flaccida) sometimes has yellow petals, and two species usually with yel-

low flowers (C. meifolia and C. crispa) sometimes have them mauve.

That good characters for purposes of classification are likely to be obtained

from the fruit and seed is very probable. But in a considerable number of cases ripe

fruits and seeds are still unknown; it is very difficult to obtain the fruits of autumn

flowering species owing to the necessity that collectors are under of hurrying away,

before their fruits are fully ripe, from the inclement altitudes that many of the

species affect. In the meantime, therefore, it has been deemed advisable to use

for purposes of arrangement and, as far as possible of specific diagnosis also, the

more general characters derived from habit and foliage.

It may be mentioned that it has been found impossible in drawing up the

Key to retain unbroken the section of species with fibrous roots and 1-seriate

seeds proposed in the Fora of British India. One of the three species included in

that section proves to be possessed of a fusiform rootstock and to be more nearly

allied to C. flabellata and C. adiantifolia, two species with also 1-seriate seeds thongh

already placed in the other section. On the other hand C. Laelia, a new species from

Sikkim, has fascicled fibrous roots and oval capsules with 2-seriate seeds. The sec-

—

- 1896.] D. Prain— Some additional Fumariaceee. 19

tions recognised in the most recent revision of the natnral order* seem already to

require reconsideration on account of the enormons accession during recent years of

Chinese species; the writer therefore refrains for the present from giving names to,

or even from attempting to define, the limits of the more or less natural groups that

occur in the genus. It is however only just to those who may consult this Key, to

explain that it has been made to adapt itself to as natural a serial arrangement of

the Indian species as it has been possible to draw up; in no single instance has a

species been intentionally removed from the vicinity of its nearest allies to suit the

exigencies or to facilitate the construction of an artificial Key.

Of the species in the list the first three and the forty-sixth (C. rupestris) belong

to the flora of the Orient, the remainder of the north-west Frontier and almost all

the north-west Himalayan ones are species whose affinities are with the Altaian and

Siberian flora ; those of the Central and Eastern Himalaya, with very few excep-

tions, show on the other hand Chinese affinities.

The number exhibited within brackets after the serial number of each species

in the list indicates to the student the serial number it bears in the Flora of British

India.

1. (4.) Corypatts pipHytta Wall. Tent. Flor. Nep. 54; leaves op-

posite long-petioled, twice ternately cut, primary petiolules not exceeding

the petiole in length; spur widely infundibuliform rapidly tapering,

obtuse slightly mecurved at tip. Wall. Cat. 1430. C. longipes Don,

Prodr. 198 (not of DC.) C. Hamiltoniana Don, Syst. Gard.i. 142. Cory-

dalis sp.. Grif. Icon. Pl. Asiat. t. 658, f. 3. C. rutaefolia H. f. & T.

Flor. Ind. 262; Flor. Brit. Ind. 1. 122 (not of Sibth.)

Cenrran and Western Hmanaya: Nepal, Wallich n. 1430! n. 1433

in part! Kamaon; common. Kashmir; common. Hazara; Stewart!

Kurram Valley, Duthie’s Collectors! Disrris. Afghanistan.

This species has a globose tuber; the “‘long slender root’ (De Candolle) or

“slender rootstock” (Hooker § Thomson) ascribed to it is in reality that part

of the stem between the deeply buried tuber and the surface of the soil.

The species is easily distinguished from its nearest allies, C. rutaefolia, C. Lede-

bouriana, C. persica, C. cyrtocentra, C. darwasica, C. macrocentra and C. Sewerzovit

by its long-petioled leaves.

Dr. Aitchison, in reaffirming M. Boissier’s contention that the Afgchan plant

united to this by Drs. Hooker and Thomson is different from C. rutaefolia, has not

called attention to the fact that, while this is the case, the Afghan plant to which

Boissier and he refer is even more distinct from the Himalayan one than it is

from true C. rutaefolia. In any case Dr. Aitchison’s synonymy is slightly at

fault; granting C. Grifithii to be the same as C. rutaefolia H.f. & T. (not of

Sibth.), which is what he claims (Journ. Linn. Soc. xix. 161), the name C. diphylla

Wall., which is about 30 years prior to Boissier’s, ought to have been used. Not

only howeyer are the two species quite distinct, they are not even representa-

tive forms growing in distinct areas; quite recently Mr. Duthie’s collectors have

obtained true C. diphylla as well as C. persica (C. Grifithii) in the Kurram Valley,

while Genl. Gatacre on the other hand has collected C. persica in the Ziarat Valley.

* Prantl] and Kundig, in Engler, Natitirlich. Pllanzenfam.

20 D. Prain— Some additional Fumariaces. [ No. }, -

2. (sub 4.) Corypatis persica Cham. &§ Schlecht., Linnea i. 567 ;

leaves opposite sessile or short petioled twice ternately cut; spur

not infundibuliform, obtuse recurved and slightly incurved at tip.

Boiss. Flor. Orient. i. 127, C. Griffithsii Boiss. Diagn. ser. 2.1.15. C.

Griffithii Boiss. Flor. Orient. 1.127; Aitchison, Journ. Linn. Soc. xix.

151. Corydalis sp. Griff. Ic. Pl. As. t. 658, f. 2.

Norta-West Himataya : Ziarat Valley, 7,000 feet, Gatacre ! Kurram

Vally, Aztchison! Duthie’s Collectors! Distris. Afghanistan; Northern

Persia.

Near the preceding species, but hardly, as Aitchison suggests, the same. Here

the leaves as in C. rutaefolia may either be sessile or shortly petioled but even if

petioled they are easily distinguished from the leaves of C. diphylla by haying the

primary petiolules longer than the petioles. The flowers too are quite different, the

differences being not at all badly shown even in the indifferent reproductions of

Griffith’s drawing.

Mr. Boissier has himself expressed the belief that his own C. Grifithii does

not differ sufficiently from C. persica. Dr. Regel has gone further and has identified

C. persica with C. verticillaris DC.; had this been justifiable then M. de Candolle’s,

as being the older name, isthe one that should have been used. But it seems

better in the mean time to keep C. verticillaris, which has flowers with straight

spurs, more like those of C. rutaefolia proper, apart from C. persica. The specimens

from Turkestan referred to C. persica by Dr. Regel (Act. Hort Petrop. viii. 694 t. 16)

have flowers with broad explanate lips to the outer petals, in this way differing

rather markedly from all the remaining opposite-leaved members of this section.

Among the material of the genus kindly lent the writer for study by Dr. Batalion

from the Imperial] Herbarium, St. Petersburg, is one specimen which shows that

originally Dr. Regel had thought of separating the broad-lipped plant under the

name C. darwasica Regel; this name the writer proposes to sustain. The jigure

given by Dr. Regel does not show clearly the character of the lips.

3. (—.) CoRyYDALIs cyrToceNTRA Prain; leaves opposite, sessile,

twice ternately cut, petiolules very long; spur very long, not infundibuli-

form much recurved throughout, erect from the base and overarching

the lamina of its lip ; inner petals projecting beyond outer.

Norra-West Himataya: Chitral, Younghusband !

Habit of C, Ledebowriana and the other sessile-leaved members of this “group.

Flowers 1 in, long, twice as large as in the two preceding species, spur not incuryed

at tip. Bracts large ovate entire, longer than the pedicels.

This very closely approaches C. macrocentra Regel, from which however it differs

in having smaller leaves, entire bracts, shorter pedicels, purple or pink, not yellow

flowers, and ovules more numerous and in 2-rows. The spur of C. macrocentra is

moreover at first straight and horizontal as in C. Sewerzovit, not erect from the base

as in this species. As regards leaves and bracts it more resembles C. Sewerzovit ;

more closely still does it approach C. Ledebouriana, of which it may ultimately prove

to be an extreme large-flowered form. The spur in C. Ledebowriana is however in

most cases very different, having usually an incurved tip, and being generally some-

what inflated; there are‘ however some specimens of C. Ledebouriana from Tur-

———

1896. ] D. Prain— Some additional Fumariacee. 21

kestan with flowers that, though much smaller, a good deal resemble those of

C. macrocentra.

That the species of the opposite leaved group do not essentially differ from the

bulbons-rooted Corydalis with alternate leaves, is evident from the fact that occasion-

ally the leaves (as already pointed out by M. de Candolle for C. rutaefolia) may be

sub-opposite only. Moreover even when patently opposite not infrequently one of

the leayes exceeds the other in size and then it is very usual to find, especially in

C. diphylla and in C. macrocentra, in the axil of the larger leaf a branch that may be

a leafy shoot only or may be an inflorescence. Sometimes branches occur in the

axils of both leaves ; this however is rare: more rare still is it to find that these two

branches alone are present, the central axis remaining undeveloped.

4. (—.) Corypatis aupestris C0. A. Mey. Verzeichn. Pfl. Cauc.

176 (1831)5 leaves alternate 3-sect segments all sessile deeply 3-sect,

lobes oblong mucronulate entire or 2-3-toothed mucronulate ; raceme

few-fid., flowers close-set, bracts ovate-acute entire equalling the pedicels,

outer petals shorter than the much-upturned obtuse slightly iucurved

spur. Ledeb. Flor. Ross. 1. 98 (1842). Corydalis pauciflora var. parvi-

flora Regel, Bull. Soc. Mosc. xxxiv. 136 (1861); Boiss. Flor. Orient. i. 131

(1867). C. pauciflora var latiloba Maxim. Flor. Tanqut. 38, t. 24 (1889).

Kasuuir: Musjid Valley, 15-14,000 feet, Duthie n. 18238! Disrrip.

Caucasus and (fide Regel) eastward to Kamtschatka and Alaska.

Rootstock a short solid conical scaly tuber dividing below; stems 13-4 in., not or

hardly longer than the 2-4 scattered cauline leaves in the axils of which arise small

leafy shoots, and with 2-3 lanceolate scales between tuber and lowest leaf; petioles

2-3 in., blades 2 in. diam., segments 3-3 in. lobules § in. wide; radical leaves 1-2

similar to cauline but smaller ; bracts ¢ in. long 4 in. wide; flowers 3 in. long.

A very interesting addition to the Indian Flora, one of the results of Mr.

Duthie’s journey of 1893. By Dr. Regel, M. Boissier, and Mr. Maximowicz, Dr.

Meyer’s species has been reduced to C. pauciflora Pers. [Synops. ii. 269 (1807) ].

But there is little doubt that Dr. Meyer and Mr. Ledebour were justified in treating

this as a species. There are tangible differences in the flowers and in the leaves

—differences which both Regel and Boissier admit ; even however if these possessed

but the trivial value assigned them, there remiins the character of axillary branches,

which, though neglected by Ledebour and Regel, nevertheless exists in the

Cancasus specimens of the plant presented to Herb. Calcutta by Dr. Radde, and

is also figured and commented on by Mr. Maximowicz. Other alternate-leaved species

of Corydalis (§ Capnites) have it is trne the normally simple stems casually branch-

ed. But in the writer’s experience not only is branching in these species a purely

occasional feature, the branches when they occur appear not in the axils of the leaves

as in C. alpestris, but in the axils of the leaf-scales below the lowest stem-leaf.

That C. pawiflora var. latiloba Maxim. and C. pauriflora VaR. parviflora

Rezel differ as varieties, the writer quite believes. He believes further that the

present plant might perhaps to be considered yarietally distinct from both. But

while this is the case, he is convinced that all three are to be considered “ varieties ”

of one species, ‘C. alpestris, which it is much better to separate from C. pauciflora,

and which is well characterised by the presence of leafy shoots in its axils.

The true C. puuciflora has been very excellently figured by Ledebour in Ic. Pl.

22 D. Prain — Some additional Fumariacee. [ No. 1,

Fl, Alt. t. 450. The usually-quoted figure by Delessert in Ic. Select. ii, t. 9, fig.

A. is either a very bad representation or has been drawn from another species ;

the drawing shows flowers with the spur much shorter than the petals. The

citation of this plate as representing Persoon’s plant should be abandoned by

botanists.

5. (5.) CorypsLis CASHMERIANA Royle (errore Kashmiriana H. f.

& T. Flor. Ind.; Cachemiriana H. f. & T. Flor. Brit. Ind.) ; rootstock

with scaly tip, emitting from its base a fascicle of fusiform fibrous

roots.

‘var. typica: outer petals subequal, both crested; spur slightly

curved, as long as lower lip, almost as long as lamina of upper lip;

bracts rarely more than 3-fid.

Norra-West Hrmanaya: Kashmir; Royle! Duthie! to Western

Nepal, Duthie !

Stems 4-12 in. (in Mr. Duthie’s most recently collected Kashmir specimens) ;

spur 11 mm. long, lower petal 11 mm., lamina of upper petal 12 mm. long.

vaR. brevicornu Prain: outer petals subequal, both crested, spur

straight, shorter than the lamina of upper lip; bracts often 4-6 fid.

Hastern Hiwataya: Sikkim, rare. Chumbi and Phari, very com-

mon. ; ;

Stems 4-10 in. (often 10 in. in Chumbi specimens) ; spur 5-6 mm. iong ; lower

petal 11 mm., lamina of upper petal 12 mm. long.

vAR. ecristata Prain: outer petals devoid of crests, lower longer

than upper; spur much curved, longer than Jamina of upper lip; bracts

much divided.

Eastern Himataya: Sikkim, in Jongri and on the Nepal Frontier,

common.

Stems 2-4 in. always dwarf; flowers usually much larger than in the preceding

varieties, the extreme measurements being—minimum, spur 10 mm., lower outer

petal 10 mm., lamina of upper petal 8 mm.; maximum, spur 15 mm., lower outer

petal 12 mm., lamina of upper petal 10 mm.

It is not improbable that this last very distinct variety may prove to bea

species apart. Though reported as often as eight times it has unfortunately not yet

been collected in fruit. ‘The species most nearly related to the group of forms in-

cluded under @. cashmeriana are the next described, which differs in the points noted

in its diagnosis and C. oxypetula Franchet, from Yunnan, which differs in haying

all its bracts entire, in having more flowers arranged in an elongated not a subum-

bellate inflorescence, in having shorter and thicker pedicels, and in haying longer

and narrower capsules. It is also nearly related to C. pachycentra Franchet, from

Yunnan and C. curviflora Maxim. from Kansu; along with these it helps to form a

very natural group of closely allied forms.

6. (—.) CorypaLis TRIFOLIOLATA Franch. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr.

Zxxlli. 392 (1886) ; radical leaf solitary 3-5-sect, cauline solitary 3-folio-

“a

1896. ] D. Prain— Some additional Fumariacez. aes

ate long petioled, flowers subumbellate, bracts entire ovate longer than

the short pedicels, spur straight shorter than the upper petal. Plantae

Delavayanae 46 t. 14 a. (1889).

Sixcim: Natong, Dr. King’s Collectors! Too-ko-la Cummins !

Distris. Yunnan.

Rootstock small, emitting from base a fascicle of fusiform tubers. Stems solitary

6-10 in. Radical leaves long petioled early withering, petioles 1-2 in. blade } in.

across, cauline near top of stem, petiole $ in. long, lobes # in. long, 4. in. wide; flowers

= in. long, yellow and purple; racemes terminal 2-4 fld.; bracts # in. long, } in.

across; sepals minute. Capsule linear-oblong.

Very nearly related to C. otypetala and to C. cashmeriana ; from the former it

differs in having subumbellate flowers, from the latter in having entire bracts; from

both it differs in having a solitary, petioled cauline leaf.

7. (—.) CorypaLis LatHyroipEs Prain; erect very slender,

radical leaves 0, stem-leaves two rather wide apart in upper half of

stem, each with an axillary leafy branch; racemes at ends of stem and

branches 3—5-fld., bracts very small ovate entire ; flowers small yellow.

N.-W. Hraraya: Kumaon; Ralam Valley, 10-11,0U0 feet, on rocks,

Duthie n. 2708!

Rootstock not collected, the stems rigid, with a subopposite pair of very small

leaf scales at its base. Stem 4-8 in., branches 3-4 in. Cauline leaves 2% in. long,

sessile, simply 3-jugate pinnate, the pinnz ovate obtuse 4 in. long by ¢ in. across,

glaucous beneath entire or slightly 2-, rarely 3-lobed. Bracts very small, $5 in.,

pedicels } in., capsules 4 in. narrowly oblong, style persistent, stigma 2-lobed; seeds

very small black shining.

This is such a very distinct plant that it is impossible to refrain from provid-

ing a description in spite of its having been incompletely collected. ‘The flowers

are reported by Mr. Duthie as yellow, they are unfortunately in so advanced a state

that they do not admit of satisfactory examination ; the length of spur relatively to

lamina cannot be made out and the presence or absence of crests on the petals can-

not be determined. But by their small size, not much exceeding that of the corolla

in C. claviculata, the flowers differ much from thuse of all Asiatic species except the

Chinese C. racemosa Pers., which in other respects this in no way resembles. The

absence of rootstock makes it impossible to assign the species with certainty to its

true section. Obviously however, in spite of its much smaller size, its nearest ally

is C. paeoniaefolia Pers., concerning the sectional position of which also some dubiety

still exists.

8. (—.) Corypatis Graminea Prain; erect slender, radical

leaves very long-petioled segments narrowly lanceolate 3 (terminal), or 5

(three terminal with a pair opposite lower down), stem-leaves two near

the apex and close together the lower short petioled with 5 segments, the

upper sessile with 3 segments, each with axillary racemes; racemes

5-10 fid. bracts all linear entire much shorter than pedicels, upper petal

as long as the straight cylindric spur.

24 D, Prain— Some additional Fumariacee. [No. 1,

Srxxmm: Peykiongla, 13,000 feet, King’s Collectors! near Pemberingo,

Cummins !

Stem 6-8 in. Radical petioles 7-9 in. segments 1}-3 in. long, }—-1 in. wide, lower

cauline petiole + in., 4-1 in. below upper sessile leaf; cauline leaf-segments similar

to radical but shorter and narrower; bracts 4 in., pedicels 4 in.; flowers yellow } in.

long, both outer petals winged.

Very near to C. lineartoides Maxim. from Kansu and C, Prattii Franch. from

Szechuen which resemble each other in racemes and bracts, but have different spurs

and radical leaves. Of the present species the rootstock has not as yet been collect-

ed so that in this respect it cannot be tompared with either. l'rom both, however, it

differs in having larger flowers and entire, not laciniate, bracts as well as in haying

secondary racemes in the axils of the two cauline leaves. Of Indian species it most

closely approaches C. polygalina, of which it has much the flowers and which also

sometimes has axillary racemes. In C. polygalina however the foliage is quite

different, while the cauline leaves are numerous and scattered along the stem.

9. (6.) Corypvais potyeatina H. f. & T.

Add to description of F. B. I. :—

Stems simple or with axillary racemes, several from a stoutish rootstock with

scaly tip, which emits numerous lateral and basal much elongated narrowly fusiform

roots; radical leaves 2-4, long-petioled, 3-sect with always the termina] petiolulate,

and occasionally the lateral sessile segments again trisect, lobules all oblong-lanceo-

late subequal. ‘

Add to localities :—Cuumsr; Sham-chen Dungboo! Syam-chu-chen

King’s Collectors !

Nearly related to C. graminea, the characters of which species serve to indicate

that this also, in spite of its numerous stem-leaves, is really a member of the

same group as the various 2-foliate species referred to in the preceding note. Tis

most intimate ally is however C. Delavayi Franch. [ Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. xxxiii. 393

(1886); Plant. Delavay. 46, t 14 b. (1889)] from Yunnan, which differs from this

species in having the radical leaves more divided, the crest on the upper petal

smaller, and the rootstock smaller with the roots more slender. No single one of

these characters would be sufficient to separate the two plants specifically ; perhaps

even their combination only entitles the Yunnan plant to varietal rank.

10. (7.) Corypatis suncEa Wall.

Add to description of F. B. I. :—

Radical leaves solitary very long petioled, 3-sect, segments long petioluled again

3 sect, lobes sessile 3-partite, ultimate divisions ovate acute to (rarely) linear-lanceo-

late. Seeds brown, arillate, very minutely pitted, occasionally 1-seriate.

Two very distinct forms of this species occur in Sikkim ; one, exactly like the

original plant from Nepal, with rather long slender pedicels much exceeding the

bracts and with the petiole of the radical leaf shorter than the stem. This form

extends eastward to Phari, Chumbi and Bootan. The other form, confined to Hastern

Sikkim and East Nepal has flowers nearly twice as large, pedicels not exceeding the

bracts and a radical leaf with petiole as long as the stem. But intermediate forms

occur and it is not possible to treat the two forms even as distinct varieties.

1896, | D. Prain— Some additional Fumariacee. 25

Il. (2.) Corypauis Fiacctpa H. f. & T.

In one gathering, from Cho-la in Sikkim, the Native Collector records the

flowers as “yellow;” in all the others the flowers are said to be “ purple,” “ dark-

purple,” or “ reddish-blue.”

12. (3.) Corypatts Leptocarea H. f. § T.

Add to localities of F. B. I,:—Assam: Naga Hills, at Kohima and

Jotsoma Prain! on Japvo, Colomb! Manreur: Khongwi Valley, Watt!

Urrer Burma: Mynela, Anderson !

13. (—.) CorypaLis TRITERNATA Franch. ?

Tall, leaves thrice ternate and ultimate segments again 3-partite to

-sect, the lobules spathulate.

Manipur: Chingsow, at 7-8,000 feet, Watt n. 6314!

Stems 1-2 ft. roots tufted; radical petioles 8-10 in., cauline 3-4 in., primary

petiolules 2 in., secondary }-} in , lobules glaucous beneath ? in. long, 3-1 in. across.

This plant, very distinct from any other Indian species, may possibly prove

to be the same as M. Franchet’s C. triternata of which it closely imitates the

foliage. It also, however, resembles somewhat ©. Davidi Franchet, from E. Tibet

and C. Balanse Prain,* from Tonkin; this latter, however, rather belongs to the group

containing C. ophiocarpa. Till flowers and fruits are reported, the identity or non-

identity of the present species with any of these cannot be vouched for. Its tufted

roots indicate that its natural alliance is with C. leptocarpa, with which species it

has in fact been by Dr. Watt tentatively placed.

14. (—.) Corypatts Laniia Prain; erect, quite glabrous, leafy,

leaves equally ternate, segments again ternate, lobes 2-jugately pinnati-

partite, ultimate lobules. lanceolate 2-3-fid, radical petioles very long,

all broadly vaginate in lower third; racemes in large wide-spreading

panicles, lowest bract leafy incised the remainder linear as long as the

pedicels.

HAsteRN HimanAya: Sikkim; Lingtoo, Natoot, Patangla, King’s

Collectors! Chumbi; Lu-ma-poo, Kungbeo, King’s Collectors! Boctan ;

in Upper Dichu Valley, Cummins !

* CoRYDALIS BaLansm Prain; tall, leaves glaucous beneath, 2-pinnatisect, the

lobules evate unequally 3-5-lobed ; racemes lax many-fld terminal and axillary, flowers

white, bracts smali ovate-acute pedicels very short; outer petals spathulate apex

obcordate mucronulate, dorsal wings very small, upper lamina 4 times as long as

saccate incurved spur; inner petals with projecting apical wing; capsules narrow

subfalcate apex acute; seeds l-seriate compressed black, minutely puncticulate and

with large strophiole.

Tonkin: Langson, “a Ventrée des grottes,” Balansa n. 1557!

Stems 12-18 in. petioles 3-4 in. long, pinnze 8-jugate in subopposite pairs, petio-

lules 1 in., segments ?-1 in. by }-#in. lobes shallow. Flowers } in. Capsules 1} in,

long.

Perhaps nearest to C. ophiocarpa but with larger flowers and very different

foliage and fruits.

J. 11. 4

26 D. Prain— Some additional Fumariaces. [No. 1,

Roots numerous tufted from sides and base of very short stock. Stems 2-3 feet

high. Radical petioles 1-14 feet, cauline 6 in., petiolules 4 in., lJaminze 3 in. aeross.

Flowers 2-1 in. bright yellow, the upper petal equalling the straight spur, both outer

petals broadly winged. Capsules ovate.

This very fine species much resembles C. thyrsiflora (C. Gortschakovii H. f. &

T., viz Schrenk); it has very similar flowers and fruits. But though in general

habit these two agree so closely they are in reality extremely different; C. thyrsi-

flora has pinnate, not ternate leaves, and has a long fusiform rootstock, not a dense

tuft of fibrous roots.

15. (8.) CoRyYDALIs cRITHMIFOLIA Royle.

16. (9.) Corypauis Fauconert H. f. & F.

17. (—.) Corypatis mucronirera Maxim. Flor. Tangut. 51, t.

24 f. 19; stem short breaking into diffuse czespitose branches from the

base. leaves petioled 3-sect, segments shortly stalked 3-partite, ultimate

lobes linear oblong obtuse; racemes few-fid., flowers hidden among tlie

large rhomboid flabellate-multifid bracts.

EasteERN Himanaya: Phari, at Ting, Dr. King’s Collectors! Distr1p.

Tibet.

Glaucous; rootstock cylindric =, in. diam. 2-3 in. long; stems 13-2 in.; radical

leaves numerous with flattened winged petioles 4-2 in. long, narrower than the leaf-

segments. Flowers yellow + in., sepals small Jaciniate, spur slightly incuryed

shorter than the upper lip which is uncrested or has only a slight crest near middle ;

ovary oval 4-5-ovuled rather longer than style; fruit oblong usually 2-seeded

twice as long as persistent style, sharply deflexed and buried amongst the bracts

by an abrupt curvature of the apex of pedicel; seeds black, shining.

The only difference between the plant from Phari and that of North Tibet is

that the leaf-segments and the tips of the laciniz of the bracts are not mucronate

in the southern locality. However, as Mr. Maximowicz’s figures and description

explain, they are not always mucronate even in the original locality.

18. (—.) Corypatis Henprersonit Hemsley, Journ. Linn. Soc.

xxx. 109 (1894); small, stoutish, glabrous, slightly branched, leaves

long petioled 3-fid, radical many withering, cauline numerous close-set,

segments long stalked 3-sect, ultimate lobes also long stalked and twice

tripartite lobules oblong obtuse very small with or without a very short

terminal mucro; racemes congested few-fld., flowers almost hidden

among the large foliaceous bracts. C. tibetica Henders. Lahore to

Yarkand, p. 309 nec H. f. & T.

N.-W. Himataya: Zo-gi-la, Stewart! Taglang Pass, Heyde! DistR1B,

Yarkand (Henderson !) ; Tibet (Thorold !).

Glaucescent; rootstock cylindric =3, in. diam. 2 to 3 in. or more long; stems

2-3 in.; all the leaves with flattened winged petioles 1 in. long + in. across, their mar-

gins beset with very small glandular hairs, petiolules 2 in. ultimate lobules narrowly

spathulate mucronate or not. Flowers yellow $ in. long, sepals small obliquely

triangular subentire, subpersistent ; spur straight almost as long as upper lip which

is boat-shaped with slighty reflexed margins and uncrested; ovary oval 10-oyuled

1896. ] D. Prain— Some additional Fumariacee. 27

only 4 as long as style; fruit oblong 8-9 seeded, twice as long as persistent style,

sharply deflexed and buried amengst the bracts by a sharp curvature of the much

elongated pedicel; seeds reniform-orbicular, minutely puncticulate, strophiolate.

Resembles generally C. mucronifera Maxim. and C. Bowert Hemsl. but differs

from the former in having petioles much broader than its leaf-segments, from the

latter in having its leaves equally ternate. Like UC. mucronifera it differs also from

C. Boweri in not having its leaf-segments, even when mucronate, which they by no

means always are, prolonged into a setaceous tip. From both species C, Hendersonti

differs in having flowers three times as lurge and seeds three times as numerous.

19. (—.) Corypatis Bowert Hemsl. Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx, 108 ;

stem shert breaking into diffuse cespitose branches from the base,

leaves very long petioled primarily 3-sect, lateral segments short-stalked

3-partite, terminal long-stalked 2-jugate pinnate, ultimate lobes linear-

lanceolate terminating in a very long setaceous tip; racemes congested

few-dd., flowers almost hidden among the large rhomboid flabellate-

multifid setaceo-mucronulate bracts.

N.-W. Himaraya: Kamaon, Nipchang Valley, 13-14,000 feet, Shibu

in Darma, 12-13,000 feet, and near Naihil, in Kutti Yangti Valley,

Byaus, at 11-12,000 feet, Duthie n. 2705! Distr. Tibet (Thorold !).

Glaucous; rootstock cylindric 3, in. diam. 2 to 3 in. or more in length; stems

2-3 in.; radical leaves numerous, with flattened winged petioles 2 in. long } in.

across at length disappearing, petiolules } in., ultimate lobules narrowly spathulate

and ending in a leng setaceous tip. Flowers yellow q in., sepals small laciniate, per-

sistent ; spur slightly incuryed rather longer than upper lip which is uncrested or

has only a slight crest near middle; ovary oval 4-5-ovuled two-thirds length of style;

fruit oblong usually 2-seeded, twice as long as persistent style, sharply deflexed

and buried amongst the bracts by an abrupt curvature of the apex of the somewhat

elongated pedicel; seeds strophiolate. ;

Except for the longer spur and the much longer style, this in flower much

resembles, and in fruit almost repeats the characters of C. mucronifera. The foliage,

however, is very different, more resembling that of C. Hendersonit though the

leaves differ in not being equally ternate and-in having long setaceous tips, while

the flowers are one-third the size of the flowers of C. Hendersonit.

20. (sub 16.) Corypatis Casimirniana Duthie § Prain; sub-glau-

cous, much branched slender, leaves long-petioled equally twice ternate,

segments 3-5 oblong deeply cut, racemes Jax few-fld. terminating long

slender branches ; bracts small, the lower cut into lobes, the upper entire ;

outer petals winged the lower not saccate the upper with long slender

recurved spur; capsule linear, seeds I-seriate. C.longipes Wall. Tent.

Flor. Nep. 53 t. 42 fig., partly only in text; Cat. n. 1483 in part;

Mazim. Flor. Tangut. 51 not of DC.

Himataya: Kashmir, Kolahir above Liddarwat, on wet rocks,

11-12,000 feet Duthie n. 13521! Kamaon, frequent, Duthie nn. 2713!

5312! 5314! Nepal; Wallich n. 1433 (mixed with C. diphylla and

with OC. longipes)! Scully nu. 290! Sikkim; Tongloo, and Sandakpho

28 D. Prain— Some additional Fumariacee. [No. I,

10,000 ft. Gamble n. 22! Jongri, Anderson 366! 369! Gammie! King’s

Collectors ! Lachung, Hooker (the Sikkim “ sibirica” of Herb. Ind. Or.)!

Gammie n. 372! Kapoop and Cho-le-la, King’s Collectors ! Clhumbi; very

common, King’s Collectors! Phari; Dungboo n, 4544! Disrris. 8. Tibet

(Lama Ujyen Gyatsko n. 344).

Stems weak, much branched, leafy. Leaves membranous. Flowers yellow } in.

long; posticous petal shorter than the slender spur. Capsu/e varying from 7 in.

in Chumbi, Sikkim and Nepal specimens to 3 in. in Kashmir and;Kamaon ones; the

style 2-lobed.

This and the next species, taken together, constitute the Corydalis sibirica of

Indian authors. The only character which this plant has in common with C. sibirica

is its 2-lobed stigma ; it differs in habit, foliage, floral structure and fruit. The seeds

though similar are a little smaller. In habit it almost exactly repeats the

characters of the next species (C. lomgipes) which has flowers extremely like those

of C. sibiriea; the double confusion resulting from the union first of C. Casimiriane

and C. longipes because they are identical in habit though totally different im

flower and fruit, and again of C. longipes and C. sibirica because, while of different

habit, their flowers and fruits are identical, has led to the belief that C. sibiricais a

very variable species. The examination of specimens of C. sibirica collected by

Turczaninow near Lake Baikal and elsewhere, and at the river Kolyma by Augus-

tinowicz, leads me to doubt whether the genuine C. sibirica is a variable species.

And the careful analysis of flowers and examination of fruits from 28 different

gatherings of C. Casimiriana and from 31 different gatherings of C. longipes shows

that neither of these is in the least degree variable, at all events in the direction of

passing into each other. An apparent exception to this is a solitary gathering from

Chumbi which, with flowers exceedingly like these of C. Casimiriana, has unripe

eapsules like these of C. longipes. But the evidence that we have in this plant an

intermediate between @. Casimiriana and ©. longipes is far from complete. Its

flowers instead of being intermediate in form between thuse of the other two haye a

spur with an exaggerated curvature. The stigma too differs from that in either C.

Casimiriana or €. longipes and resembles that of C. tongolensis Franchet from

Szechuen, another nearly related but nevertheless quite distinct species.

21. (swb 16.) Corypanis Longipes DC. Prodr, i. 128; sub-glaucous,

much branched, slender, leaves long-petioled equally twice ternate,

segments 3-5, ovate deeply cut, racemes lax few-fid. terminating long

slender branches, bracts small all cut into narrow lobes ; outer petals

crested, the lower pouched at base, the upper with stout or slender

straight or slightly recurved spur; capsule oval, seeds 2-seriate. Wall.

Tent. Flor. Nep. 53 in part and excluding fig.; Cat. n. 1433 in part.

C. sibirica Mazim. Flor. Tangut. 51 as to spp. from Kamaon and Khasia.

C. filiformis Royle, Ill. 68.

Himanaya: Garhwal, near Mussoorie, Royle! King! Kamaon,

Ralam, Strachey and Winterbottom ! Nepal: Wallich (mixed with preced-

ing and with C. diphylla) ! Sikkim: Tongloo, Thomson! Anderson n. 364 £

360! King! Gamble n. 8426! Sandakpho, Gamble n. 3903! Aing’s

Collectors! Jongri, common, King’s Collectors! Singalelah, Kurz f

1896. ] D. Prain— Some additional Fumariacee. 29

Clarke nn. 12585! 12710! Kauasia; Shillong, etc., Hooker and Thomson !

Clarke n. 7300! n. 44266! Mann! Gallatly ! Murdoch !

Stems weak, much branched, leafy. Leaves membranous, flowers yellow 4 in.

long ; posticous petal as long as its spur. Capsule } in., style as in C. Casimiriana.

On Dr. Royle’s original sheets of C. filiformis this is the plant distributed.

And it would appearasif Dr. Royle had distinguished this from the preceding species

for, though he does not mention C. Casimiriana under any name in Ill. Him. he has

named it C. longipesin Herb. Saharanpur. Dr. Wallich’s n. 1433 is a mixture of this,

of C. Casimiriana and of his own C. diphylla; the latter fact probably explains

the use of the name C. longipes by Don to designate C. diphylla. This is also the

plant from Kamaon and Khasia referred by Mr. Maximowicz, doubtfully as to itself.

and to the exclusion of @. longipes Maxim. vot of DC. (C. Casimiriana Duthie &

Prain), to C. sibirica. When preparing the present paper the writer came to the

same conclusion as Mr. Maximowicz, viz :—that the species with capsules in which

the seeds are I-seriate must be C. longipes DC., since M. de Candolle has described

C. longipes as having linear capsules. This view possessed the great advantage of

enabling the use of Royle’s name @. filiformis—regarding which, owing to the existence

of authentic specimens, there was no dubiety possible—for the plant with ovate cap-

sules. And when duplicates were distributed from Calcutta to the great Huropean

Herbaria, the species with linear capsules was issued as C. longipes and that with

ovate capsules as C. filiformis. But before publishing this paper, the writer took

the liberty of referring the matter for final decision to Mr. C. de Candolle. He

and Mr. Buser have most kindly compared specimens of both plants with the type

specimen of C. longipes in the Prodromus Herbarium. The result of their examina-

tion is that the original description of the capsules of C. longipes does not accord

with their actual condition ; the true C. longipes is in reality the same as C. filiformis:

Royle. In consequence of this the plant with linear capsules is still unnamed and

Mr. Duthie and the writer have named it C. Casimiriana as a slight recognition of

the obligation under which Mr. C. de Candolle’s kindness has placed them. Students:

of the genus should therefore note that sheets issued from Caleutta as C. longipes

are in reality C. Casimiriana; those issued as C. filiformis should be known ag

C. longipes, that being the oldest name.

These two species, along with C. tongolensis and @. gracilis, form a very natural

group of species that perhaps only differ from each other as species of secondary rank.*

* This is not the only instance in Corydalis where two species repeat practi-

cally every vegetative character and only differ slightly in flower and more consider—

ably in fruit. A good example of the same parallelism among Hastern’ Asiatic

species is exhibited by the well-known Eastern Chinese and Japanese species C.

meisa Pers. and a species from Central China which hag been named in Herb. Paris

and Herb. Calcutta by M. Franchet and the writer ; the following isa brief diagnosis.

CoRYDALIS HEMSLEYANA Franchet Sf Prain; rootstock rather slender dividing

at apex, crowned with radical leaves and emitting numerous slender flexuous stems;

leaves alternate long-petioled, twice ternate, segments ovate-oblong acutely incised ;

bracts oblong-cuneate incised shorter than the pedicels; sepals laciniate ; outer petals

both crested, and with explanate margins; fruit wide-ovate acute at both ends.

CENTRAL CuInA: Hupeh, Henry n. 3729!

Very near C. ineisa Pers. from which it differs in its smaller size (stems &

instead of 20 in.), larger flowers with spur rather longer than lamina, and shorter

wider fruits.

30 1). Prain— Some additional Pumariacee. [No. 1,

22. (—.) CorypaLis FILicINnA Prain; glaucous, very slender,

branched at the base only, leaves long petioled, 3-nate, the lateral

segments again twice ternate the terminal 2-jugate pinnate its lobes

ternate, ultimate lobules all very small widely oblong irregularly lobed,

racemes rather dense few-fld., bracts incised shorter than pedicels, spur

straight.

Stxxim: Ney-go-lah, on the Singalelah range, Dr. King’s Collectors !

Rootstock thin wiry, stems filiform 4—6 in’ cauline leaf solitary, short-petioled,

sometimes 0, radical petioles 2 in. secondary petiolules % in., lobules 4 in. across.

Flowers yellow ? in. upper petal slightly ridged near middle but not truly winged,

spur as long as lamina, attached to inner petals by a projecting marginal tooth.

A very distinct species. The capsules unfortunately are not yet ripe.

23. (—.) CorypaLis crispA Prain; stems short rather slender,

diffusely branching from the base and freely branching throughont,

leaves all short petioled, radical withering, unequally ternate, the lateral

lobes again ternate the central longer-stalked and twice ternate, the

petioles expanded to the first division, segments irregularly 3-—5-lobed,

vacemes dense many-fid. terminating stems and branches, lower pedicels

very long exceeding the long linear bracts; upper outer petal winged,

with a much recurved slender blunt spur as long as lamina; capsules

oblong small, seeds shining.

Eastern Himataya: Chumbi; at Perm-la, near Chum-la-ri, and

at Syam-po, King’s Collector! Phari; Goop, etc., Dungboo! Distr1.

S. Tibet (Lama Ujyen Gyatsko n. 325).

Rootstock rather slender 10-12 in. long, breaking at crown into many again

diffusely branching heads, stems 6-8 in, leaves 13-2 in. petioles $ in. ultimate

segments }-} in. across. Flowers 5 in., blue and white, or yellow with purple tips,

the wing of upper petal extending half-way along the much recurved spur.

Capsule + in.

A very distinct species, of the same group as C. longipes which it resembles in

its recurved spur and C. ramosa which it resembles in habit, but unlike any other

Indian species in having the process from the upper staminal phalanx not free

inside the spur but attached to its anterior wall for #ths of its length.

24. (—.) Corypatis Kineu Prain; sub-glaucous, stems slender

branching; cauline leaves 1—3 scattered, unequally ternately divided, late-

ral segments sub-opposite arising close to stem long-petioluled and again

ternately divided, terminal very long-petioluled and again twice ter-

nately divided with distinct secondary petiolules, ultimate segments

all 3-fid to -sect, lobules obovate acute, radical leaves vanishing ;

racemes lax-flowered, terminating slender branches, bracts large obovate

acute; pedicels long; sepals obliquely cordate acuminate subentire ;

outer petals shortly narrowly winged near tips, limb of upper broad ;

spur cylindric straight except at the obtuse slightly incurved tip, 3

longer than lamina; young capsule long very slender ; seeds 1-seriate.

1896. ] D. Prain— Some additional Fumariacee. 31

Part; Lama Ujyen Gyatsko, n. 100!

Rhizome very slender, 4; in. diam. clothed toward apex with numerous lanceolate

scales, and emitting from tip slender stems much attenuated at point of origin from

axils of scales ; stems 6-12 in.; leaves 3 in. long, 2 in. across ; petiole + in.; primary

lateral petiolules 1 in.; central petiolule 1:5 in., its secondary petiolule }—4 in.;

lower bracts + in. long, } in across, entire, upper smaller; pedicels 4—4 in.

Flowers purple § in. long, spur 2 in.

A very distinct species in habit recalling the C. juncea group but with very

different rootstock and flowers, and in foliage somewhat resembling C. flaceida but

again with very different flowers and rhizome. As regards flowers it most closely

resembles C. decwmbens Pers. from Japan, but it has a relatively longer spur and its

lip-margins are not explanate; its rootstock too is altogether different, that of

C. decumbens being tuberous. C. Kingii is not very nearly related to any Indian

species.

25. (17.) CorypaLis cornuta Royle.

Add to synonyms of F. B. I.:—Corydalis ramosa var.—Attch.

Journ. Linn. Soc. xix. 152 (not of Wallich). Disrris. Afghanistan ;

(Kuram Valley, Atichison n. 298! 324) !*

26. (15/2.) Corypants ramosa Wall. Cat. 1434; stem erect or

procumbent branched, leaves twice ternately divided, ultimate segments

ovate lanceolate, racemes terminal lax many-fid., bracts leafy incised.

var. typica; stems erect; habit and foliage of C. sibirica Pers.,

from which the plant is only distinguishable by its different flowers.

Wall. Cat. 1434; partly. C. chaerophylla Royle in Herb. N. W. Ind. not

of Wall. C. erecta Fale. MSS. in Herb. Saharanpur.

Nortu-West Hrimaraya: Kamaon, Blinkworth in Herb. Wall.

(n. 1434 partly)! Royle! Strachey and Winterbottom n. 11! Reid!

Garhwal; Falconer! Duthie n. 944! Gamble n. 24300! Simla; Thomson !

Brandis! Gamble n. 4299! n. 6201! Duthie n. 7247! n. 7248! n. 8754!

Bashahr; Lace n. 905! Pangi; Stoliczka! Ellis n. 382! n. 1276!

n. 1516! Brandis un. 3271! n. 3610! Dalhousie; Clarke n. 22514!

* Nearly related to this species and to the next is a species from Szechuen of

which, as it has not yet been described, an account is now given.

CoRYDALIs DRAKEANA Prain; stems erect branching, leaves twice ternately-

divided ultimate segments ovate incised racemes terminal lax, flowers very few

distant, bracts large leafy spathulate entire.

CHINA: Szechuen, near Tachien-lu, Pratt n. 464!

Habit of C. ramosa and C. cornuta, foliage most resembling that of the latter.

Flowers } in. yellow, racemes 6-8 in. but only 4-5 fld. Bracts large + in. tol in.

much exceeding the short pedicels. Capsules linear to narrow oblong fin. to lin

long, seeds 1- or irregularly 2-seriate shining

Very near to C.cornuta but with shining seeds. Easily distinguished from

C. ramosa by its different foliage, its longer narrower capsules and its very large

entire bracts.

32 D. Prain — Some additional Famariacee. [ No. 1,

n. 22517! Kashmir; at Gund in Sind Valley Gammie! near Shishna

Nag, at 12,000 feet, in Liddar Valley, Duthie n. 14131! Nowbeg, at

6,500 feet, Clarke n. 31249 (issued as C. sibirica) !

var. vaginans H. f. & T. Flor. Ind. i. 267; stems weaker procum-

bent ; habit and foliage of C. sibirica var. intermedia Regel. OC. vagi-

nans Royle, Ill. Him. 68. C. ramosa var. vaginans H. f. & VT. Flor.

Brit. Ind. 1.125.

Nortu-West Himataya: Kunawar, at Kanum, Royle’ Lahul,

Jaeschke n. 255! Thomson! Panei; Stoliczka! Bashahr; Lace n. 408!

Garhwal; Duthie n. 946! n. 53820! Simla; Gamble n. 1402! Kashmir ;

near Sonamurg, Falconer! Clarke n. 30879! Duthie, n. 13593! Kumaon ;

Blinkworth in Herb. Wall. (un. 1434 partly) !

A good deal of confusion has taken place regarding this species, probably owing

to the fact that the Wallichian types were collected by Blinkworth and, not

being numerous, are therefore not well represented in Herbaria. In the type

Herbarium at the Linnean Society, however, both the erect and the lax plants, which

do not differ except in habit, are represented. The species happens to be a

very easily recognised and distinct one; the only Indian species that can be con-

founded with it is C. cornuta and a diagnosis is at once effected by the seeds.

To help in removing the confusion, all the localities and all the numbered sheets

present in Herb. Calcutta and in Herb. Saharanpur are eited for the convenience

of students elsewhere.

The plant described as C. vaginans by Royle is the one of Jaz habit; the

original specimens described in Ill. Him. (from Kanum in Kanawar) are at Saharan-

pur and have been examined by the writer. Both in Herb. Saharanpur and in his

distributed herbarium Dr. Royle consistently named the erect one C. chaerophylla, he

having mistaken it for Dr. Wallich’s plant of that name; Dr. Falconer having

discovered Dr. Royle’s mistake, but not having ascertained that the erect plant was

included in Dr. Wallich’s C. ramosa named it at Saharanpur C. erecta, but has noted

his doubt as to its being different specifically from Dr. Royle’s C. vaginans. In the

Flora Indica and the Flora of British India, C. ramosa VAR. vaginans is exactly

equivalent to C. ramosa Wall. (Cat. 1434), i.e., it includes both C. vaginans Royle and

C. erecta Fale. The species does not occur in Sikkim or in Nepal. The Sikkim

plant included in C. ramosa in the Flora of British India, as var. 1. glawer, and

which forms VAR. a of C. ramosa in the Flora Indica, has pinnate-leayes and is

C.. Stracheyi, a form very considerably removed from the present species. The small

species included as var. nana is C, nana Royle; it also has pinnate leaves and is

equally far removed.

C. ramosa is much more nearly related to C. sibirica Pers. than is the

C. sibirica of Indian authors. It has exactly its habit and foliage (even imitating

C. sibirica in its variations), has the same inflorescence and the same fruits and seeds.

The solitary difference is in the flower; in C. sibirica the spur is slightly recurved,

in this species it is distinctly incurved and longer.

27. (18.) CoRyYDALIS CHABROPHYLLA, DC.

Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Naca Hints: Japvo, Watt! Puli-

nabadza, Prain !

1896.] D. Prain— Some additional Fumariacee. 33

28. (sub 18.) Coryvpatis cerantronia H. f. & T. Flor. Ind. 269

(1855); stem sub-erect leafy branched, leaves deltoid decompound, racemes

terminal simple or sparingly branched, bracts all large leafy ovate-acute

laciniate or only 3-fid rarely entire, spur very slender longer than the

Jamina, incurved at the tip. OC. chaerophylla H.f.§ 7. Flor. Brit.

Ind. i. 126 (1872) nec DC.

Sixnim Hrmaraya, frequent, 8-9,000 feet Hooker! Thomson!

Clarke! ete.

Very near C.chaerophylla, with which it is associated in the Flora of British

India, but with very different bracts and flowers; the bracts of C. chaerophylla being

all (including the lowest) small while those of this species are all large, The spur

is here much longer and is incurved at the end in place of being, as it is in

C. chaerophylla, straight or recurved from the middle. No intermediates occur.

29. (11.) Corypatrs Govantana Wall.

30. (J0.) Corypanis ELecans Wall.

Recent collections of this species are :—Near the Nipchang glacier,

Darma, 15-16,000 feet, Duthie n. 2710! Ralam Valley, 14-15,000 feet,

Duthie n. 2711! Kutti Yangti Valley, 15,000 feet and Lebung Pass,

16-17,000 feet, Duthie n. 5322 !

The species seems strictly confined to Kamaon. The plant from Deotsu added

to the species in the Flor. Brit. Ind., but not included in the earlier account of the

Flora Indica, belongs to a very distinct species.

31. (12.) Corypanis trsetica H. f. & T.

Mr. Duthie’s n. 11,933 from Shingo Valley, Baltistan, on rocks at 10-11,000 feet

may be only a lax state of this species but may equally well prove specifically

distinct. The same indefatigabte collector’s n. 11,848 from Marpu Nullah, Baltistan,

at 11—12,000 feet has somewhat different foliage from the types of C. tibetica; it also

has uncrested outer petals. But this is the case with Dr. Thomson’s specimens of

C. tibetica issued in Herb. Ind. Or H.f. § T.T. and with Mr. Duthie’s n. 12005 from

Satpur Nullah, Baltistan at 12-13,000 feet. Our other Calcutta and Saharanpur

examples are crested as described in Flora of British India.

32. (—.) Corypatis Duraiet Maxim. Flor. Tangut. 49, t. 25. fig.

12-17; medium, tufted, diffuse, green, glabrous; radical leaves oblong

4-5-jugately pinnate, ultimate lobules numerous, small, ovate-acute ;

stems simple leafy; racemes ovoid dense many-fld.; flowers yellow

subvertical, outer petals winged, the wing of upper extending as far as

tip of the straight conical spur slightly shorter than lamina.

var. typica; lobes of leaves imbricately overlapping; bracts broad,

entire except the lowest ; stem leaves 1-2.

Norrs-West Himataya; Sanch Pass, 14,000 feet, Hillis n. 1682!

VAR. stkkimensis; lobes of leaves discrete; bracts all incised; stem

leaves 3-4.

Sixxim ; Tholoong, “ very high, near the snow,” Dr. King’s Collector!

Wet De

34 D. Prain — Some additional Fumariacez. [No. ],

Stems 4-6 in. not exceeding radical leaves. Flowers 2 in, winged very like those

of C. meifolia but with a much larger spur, which is more like that of C. dubia. In

foliage this much resembles C. conspersa Maxim. which has however very different

flowers.

Mr. Maximowicz quotes Dr. Watt as the original collector of the species. This is

a mistake arising from Mr. Hllis the actual collector, having used field tickets

supplied him by Dr. Watt, with Dr. Watt’s name left unobliterated. The matter

is not of much moment, but is mentioned in case the citation should lead to dubiety

on the part of any one unacquainted with the actual circumstances.

33. (swb 10.) Corypatis CLarKel Prain ; medium, tufted, diffuse,

glaucescent, glabrous; radical leaves oblong 4-5-jugately pinnate, ulti-

mate lobules few large decurrent acute ; stem simple, cauline leaves 4 in

2 subopposite pairs ; racemes oblong dense many-fid., flowers light yellow

subvertical, outer petals winged the wing of the upper extending half

way down the straight obtuse spur; capsule very broadly ovate, obtuse.

Kasumirn: Alimalikimat and Deotsu, Falconer! Barjila, 12,000 feet,

Clarke ! above Tilail, 13-14,000 feet, Duthie n. 13922!

Stems 10 in. Radical leaves 6-8 in. petioles 3 in. vaginate, cauline leaves 2-3 in,

Flowers 2 in. long. Capsules } in. long nearly { in. across.

The foliage of this species recalls that of C. Moorcroftiana which it also resem-

bles in having at times branches in the region of the inflorescence; one of Dr,

Falconer’s Alimalikimat specimens is so branched. But it differs in having its stem

leaves, in all the specimens, subopposed in 2 pairs; its fruits moreover are very

different, being much shorter and broader and being obtuse instead of acute. Its

very broad flowers are alwost identical with those of C. elegans with which, in the

Flora of British India, though not in the Flora Indica, it hasbeen associated. Its

altogether dissimilar leaves, very differently disposed, make it however impossible to

treat it as a variety of that species.

34. (—.) Corypauis Francuetiana Prain; radical leaves numer-

ous 2-pinnatisect, segments lanceolate, cauline leaves alternate numerous

passing into bracts; raceme terminal many-fid.; bracts broad lower

3—0-fid., hardly equalling the very long pedicels. _

Hasrern Himataya; Chumbi; at Sham Chen, Dungboo !

Stem 10-16 in. rather stout, flexuous, 5-10-leaved ; radical leaves 6-S in. long

petiole 4 in. long, lamina 1-1} in. across, pinnae 2—4-paired sub-orbicu'ar { in. across

lobes 2-3-jugate, ultimate segments oblong-lanceolate acute; radical leaves pinnati-

partite, petioles short, winged. Flowers } in. long, yellow with purple tips;

racemes lax, 4in. long; in one specimen axillary racemes occur in the axils of the

3 uppermost stem leaves ; bracts 1 in., pedicels 1} in. long. Posticows petal vaulted,

acute, nearly as long as the slender spur. Pedicels recurved in fruit, capsules

mmature.

Very near the preceding species, but distinguished by its numerous scattered

stem-leaves and its flowers with uncrested petals. ;

35. (sub 14.) Corypatis Hooxert Prain; medium, diffusely

branching, stems numerous ascending; radical leaves numerous 2-pin-

1896. ] D. Prain— Some additional Fumariacee. 30

natisect, segments narrowly ovate 2-3-fid, cauline leaves alternate 5-5-

jugate; racemes numerous terminal and in axils of the upper stem-

leaves, many-fid.; bracts all narrow the lowest incised the rest all

linear longer than the pedicels; petals without crests, spur of upper

rather shorter than the lip; ovary ovate obtuse.

Nepatese Tiset; Hooker! S.-H. Trpat; Tsang, Lama Uyjyen

Gyatsko, n. 162!

Stems 8-8 in. rather slender, flexuous; radical leaves 3-4 in. long, including

petiole 15-2 im. narrowly vaginate, cauline 3-5 short-petioled 14-2} in., sezments

2 in. by $ in., lobules 1 in.; pedicels short, flowers yellow $in. Spur slender conical

very slightly incurved; capsules { in. long, } in. diam.

This is the plant from Nepalese Tibet referred to under C. Gortschakovii in Flor.

Ind. 267 and Flor. Brit. Ind. i. 128. The inflorescences and bracts do much resemble

those of C. thyrsijlora, to which the descriptions of C. Gortschakovii cited apply.

But the outer petals are entirely without crests and in this respect resemble those

of C. Franchetiana. A fine suite of specimens of the same plant from South-East

Tibet shows however that this plant is quite distinct from any other Indian Species

and that it approaches most nearly to C. stramimea Maxim., from which it differs

in haying a longer more slender spur; it has been named in honour of its distin-

guished discoverer.

36. (13.) Corypatis Moorcrorriana Wall.; H.f. & T., Flor. Ind.

and Flor. Brit. Ind.

37. (—.) Corypatis GorrscHaKovit Schrenk.

- An examination of the many Yarkand, Hindu Khush and Kashmir specimens in

Herb. Calcutta, and of over two hundred specimens from Turkestan, Soongaria and

Altai, kindly lent to the writer for study from Herb. St. Petersburg by Dr. Batalin,

shows that this is undoubtedly the plant described as C. Moorcroftiana by Boissier

[ Flor. Orient. i. 131] and indicates that probably this is the original C. Moorcroftiana

of Wallich. Should this prove to be the case, Schrenk’s name must give place

to Wallich’s. Whether a new name must be given to designate the species with

entire bracts—the C@. Moorcroftiana of the Flora of British India—-is somewhat doubt-

ful; its flowers are exactly those of C. Gortschakovii and, in the writer’s opinion, the

differences between the two plants are hardly specific. C. Gortschakovii H. f. & T.,

as described, is not Schrenk’s plant but the next species.

38. (14.) Corypatis tTHyrsirnora Prain. C. Gortschakovii H.

f.§ T. Flor. Ind. 266.; Flor, Brit. Ind. 1, 125, not of Schrenk.

Distinguished from the preceding by its thyrsoid panicles, its bracts

all linear except the lowest, not progressively diminishing in size

upwards, its smaller flowers and its smaller obtuse, not acute, capsules.

Norru-West Himwanaya: Laka, Hdgeworth n. 55! Clarke n. 24635 !

Kamaon, Strachey and Winterbottom n. 12! Duthien. 3826! Ladak, Hay !

Stoliczka! Kashmir: Zircotal, Falconer (Kew Dist. n. 126)! Sonamurg

Gammie! Levinge (Clarke n. 27217)! Kamri valley, Duthie n. 12532 !

Giles n. 659! Liddar Valley Duthie n. 13347! 13421! Baltistan ; Duthie

n. 13856 !

36 D. Prain— Some additional Fumariacee. [No. 1,

This species imitates the appearance and habit of, and has almost identical

flowers and fruits with, Corydalis Laelia which, however, differs in haying ternate

leaves and tufted roots. It has also the habit and leaves of Corydalis Semenovis

Regel and Corydalis straminea Maxim., but has very different flowers from either of

these ; its inflorescence is very like that of C. Hookert.

39. (21.) Corypais MerroLia Wall,

Exclude from synonyms of F. B. I., C. Hoffmeisteri Klotzsch Reis.

Pr. Waldem, 129 t. 35.

VAR. fypica; stems erect, ultimate leaf-segments linear; posticous

petal with lamina usually three times as long as spur; flowers usually

yellow (Wallich), deep yellow (Duthie), or lemon-coloured (Duthie) ;

occasionally reddish-yellow (Duthie) ; stems 6-18 in.

CentraL Himanaya: Nepal, Wallich! Scully! Norta-West H1ma-

tAYaA: Lahul, Hay! Bashahr, Lace n. 567! Kunawar, Vicary! Kamaon,

Duthie n. 2704! n. 2706! East Htmanaya: Sikkim, Hooker ! Gammie !

VAR. violacea ; stems erect, ultimate leaf-segments linear; posticous

petal with lamina usually only twice as long as spur; flowers deep

mauve (Duthie) or a “beautiful purple” (Vicary) ; stems 12-18 in. C.

violacea Vicary MSS. in Herb. Calcutta.

Norra-Wesr Himauaya: Garhwal; Vicary n. 50! Duthie n. 956!

Rotang Pass, Hdgeworth ! Brandis u. 3270! Lahul, Jueschke !

VAR. sikkimensis ; stems flexuous, ultimate leaf-seements usually

narrow lanceolate (one half broader and much shorter than in the two

preceding varieties); posticous petal with lamina usually three times

as long as spur; flowers yellow with purple tips (Hooker) ; yellow and

brown (Gammie) ; orange yellow, red and yellow, greenish yellow, or

outside yellow and inside red, (various native collectors) ; stems 4-6 in.

Eastern Himanaya: Sikkim, Chumbi, Phari and South-Hast Tibet ;

very common.

Corydalis violaeea Vicary, at first sight seems very distinct. It must however

be recollected as regards the colour-character that the flowers are variously purple

or yellow in several other species. Among Indian species Corydalis flaccida, usually

purple but at times yellow; Corydalis crispa, usually yellow but at times blue, may

be cited as parallel examples. Then Duthie n. 2704 with reddish-yellow flowers

forms a connecting link in the North-West Himalaya; all stages of “ intermediates,”

though no specimens with uniformly purple flowers have been reported from

Sikkim and Chumbi. Again, as regards the character derived from length of spur,

Lace n. 557 with yellow flowers has this organ as long asit is in VAR vielacea; and

while all the Sikkim and Chumbi specimens have a short spur as in VAR. typica those

from South Tibet (Lama Ujyen Gyatsko n. 231) have spurs nearly, though not quite,

as long as in VAR. violacea. VAR. sikkimensis is not a very good variety, the

differences in habit mentioned are differences of degree only, not differences of kind.

40. (—.) Corypanis pusta Prain; stems short flexuous simple,

or branched in the inflorescence, leaves 4~5-jugately pinnate, radical

1896.] D. Prain— Some additional Fumariacez. 37

numerous longer than stems, cauline lowest pair opposite, upper scattered

passing into bracts; flowers few racemose, bracts leafy incised; outer

petals without crests, the upper with a long incurved spur two-thirds the

length of lamina.

Hastern Himataya: Phari; Tern-la, Dungboo! South Tibet, King’s

Collector !

Rootstock very slender, 8 in. long, scaly ; stem 4-6 in., radical leaves 8 in. (petioles

5 in. long); pinnz imbricately overlapping ultimate pinnules oblong or linear very

small numerous ; flowers whitish-yellow, 1 in. long.

The rootstock is like that of C. latiflora which it also resembles in having its

lowest pair of stem leaves opposite. But its leaf-segments are many times more

numerous and smaller, its stems are stouter and, instead of giving off two leafless

lateral branches in the axils of a solitary pair of opposite cauline leaves each stem is

prolonged beyond the pair as a leafy sometimes branching stem with alternate leaves;

it has, too, incised in place of linear bracts and racemose in place of subumbellate

flowers; these yellow, not blue, are without crests and have a long spur.

41. (19.) Corypauis Latirnora Hf. & T,

42, (—.) CoRYDALIS PULCHELLA Aztch. & Hemsl. Journ. Linn.

Soc. xix. 151, t. 4.; stems rather short, erect, branching only at the base,

leaves glaucous, 4-6-jugately 3-pinnatisect, ultimate lobules narrowly

lanceolate, radical numerous almost as long as stems, cauline few scat-

tered; flowers in lax racemes, pedicels shorter than the ovate large

pinnatisect bracts ; outer petals without crests, the upper with a slender

slightly incurved spur rather longer than the ip; capsules linear-oblong,

fruiting pedicels sharply decurved, seeds 2-seriate, black, shining, C.

meifolia Aztch. Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 32 not of Wall.

AFGHANISTAN: Safed Koh range, 9-11,000 feet, Aitchison n. 201!

289! 789! Duthie’s Collector !

Rootstock of several pliant fibrous bundles; stems 10 in. rather slender; leaves:

6-9 in. long (petioles 4-5 in.) ; segments } in. across, ultimate lobules very narrow ;

bracts 5—% in., pedicels 3 in.; flowers yellow, narrow, 3 in. long; capswle 3 in. long.

A very distinct species, hitherto only obtained in the Kurram Valley.

It may be noted that the name of this species dates from 1882'and is therefore

much anterior to the name C. pulchella Franch. [ Pl. Delavay. 45. t. 13 b (1889) ]

applied to a species from Yunnan with leaves and flowers resembling those of

C. nana Royle but with a leafless stem and a very different rootstock. A new

name has therefore to be provided for the Yunnan plant; as there is already a

C, Franchetiana, it might be known as C. Adrieni.

43. (15/1.) Corypauis Srracneyr Duthie; glaucous, stems pro-

eumbent weak branched, leaves 5-6-jugately pinnatisect, segments:

2-4.jugately pinnatipartite, loles 3—5-fid ultimate lobules linear to nar-

rowly ovate ; racemes terminal lax many-fid., lowest bracts large incised,

the rest 3-fid or entire, small. C.ramosa H. f. §& T. Flor. Ind. 267 ;

Flor. Brit. Ind. i. 125 not of Wall.

38 D. Prain— Some additional Fumariacee. [No. 1,

var. typica; outer petals crested.

Norru-west Himataya: Kamaon: Pindari, 12.000 feet, Strachey and

Winterbottom nu. 9! Ralam Valley, Duthie n. 2712! near Lebung glacier,

15-16,000 feet, Duthie n. 5317! Garhwal, in Damdar Valley, 11-12,000,

feet, etc. Duthie n. 949a! and n. 949d! Kuari Pass, 11-12,000 feet

Duthie n. 8822! and n. 3824! Cenrran Himataya: Nepal, Scully, n. 158!

Hastern Htmanaya: Sikkim ; Singlelah range 13,000 Thomson! Anderson

n. 370! Kurz! Jongri, about 15,000 feet, common; Dr. King’s collectors !

Lachoong, Dungboo! Tankra, 13,000 feet, Gammie! Tangkala, King’s

collector! Chumbi; Ko-poop King’s collector !

var, ecristata ; outer petals without wings.

Hastern Himanaya: South Tibet, Lama Ujyen Gyatsko, n. 256!

Rootsock dividing below, 3-6 in. long. Stems 8-15 in. leafy, very flexuous. Radical

leaves very few long petioled. Flowers } in. long, yellow, or yellow with brown or

purple tips; racemes 1-2 in; upper lamina rather longer than the straight spur.

Capsules obovate-oblong obtuse, pedicels deflexed.

A very distinct species, most nearly related to C. meifolia; not very nearly

allied to C. ramosa. The uncrested “variety” is not improbably a quite distinct

species.

44, (15/3.) Corypatis nana Royle, Ill. 68 (1839); small, often

dwarf, stems ascending, cauline leaves usually 3, with or without short

axillary branches, leaves 4-5-jugately pinnatisect segments 2-3-jugately

pinnatipartite, lobes multifid; racemes terminal congested many-fid.,

flowers partially hidden among the large cuneate flabellate multipartite

bracts. C. ramosa var. nana H. f. & VT. Flor. Ind. 267; Flor. Brit.

Ind. i. 125. C, Hoffmeisteri Klotzsch, Reis. Pr. Wald. Bot. 129 t. 35

(1862).

Norru-West Himataya: Kamaon; Strachey and Winterbottom n. 13!

141 17! Duthie n. 2701! 2702! 2703! 5316! 53818! Garhwal; Duthie

n. 949 b.! 949 c.! 951! 951 a.!

Rootstock rather stout, dividing below, 3-6 in. long. Stems 1-4 in. leafy, usually

the lowest 2 leaves subopposite the third close under the inflorescence; radical few,

long-petioled, cauline subsessile. Flower 4 in. long, blueish-grey tipped with green ;

racemes 4 in. or less; upper lamina rather longer than straight spur, outer petals

with short crests. Capsules obovate-obtuse, partially buried among the bracts,

pedicels very abruptly recurved.

Also a very distinct species, though nearest to the preceding. The writer has

been able to ascertain the identity of this species with C. Hoffmeisteri owing to the

great kindness of Prof. Engler and Dr. Urban, who very generously sent an example

of Dr. Hoffmeister’s original plant to the Calcutta Herb. from the Royal Herb.,

Berlin.

45. (20.) Corypauis stricta Steph.

46. (—.) CorypDALis RUPESTRIS Kotschy, Boiss. Diagn. ser. 1,

vi. 8; glaucous, stem flexuous branched, leaves all long-petioled 2-pin-

1896. ] D. Prain— Some additional Fumariacee. 39

natisect, lobes 4-5-jugate, ultimate seements 1-3-jugately 3-partite,

lobules subacute, radical rather few not larger than scattered cauline;

racemes simple laxly 12—20-fld., bracts linear-lanceolate entire half as

long as pedicels; capsules widely elliptic compressed; seeds 2-seriate.

Boiss. Flor. Orient. i. 131.

British Betucuistan: Ziarat, Lace n. 3768! A. V. Monro!

Distris, Persia.

Rootstock stout woody, crowned with withered sheaths. Stems 4—12in. branched

from base. Leaves 6-8 in. (petioles 4 in.), lobes remote. Flowers 4-% in. long,

lower pedicels } in.; sepals ovate acuminate; petals without wings, yellow, upper

three times as long as obtuse spur, lower distinctly saccate at base. Capsule 3 in.

long 4 in. wide.

_ Nearest among Indian species to C. adwnca with which it agrees in habit and

foliage, but differing from the other Indian members of the group by its wide

capsule. M. Boissier has inadvertently described the outer petals as broadly winged.

Through the kindness of M. Barbey the writer has been able to examine flowers of

the type specimens in Herb. Boissier; in all of them the outer petals are with-

out wings precisely as in the Beluchistan plant.

47. (1.) Corypatis opniocarpa H. f. & T. C. streptocarpa

Mazim. Mel. Biol. x. 48; Bull. Ac. Imp. Petersb xxiv. 30; Flor. Tanqut.

50, t. 11, fie. 9-20.

Disrris. China.

This species has a saccate spur ; aS, moreover, recent specimens collected by Mr.

Pantling have an elongated rootstock, it seems to be more naturally located alongside

of C. adunca, C. flabellata and C. adiantifolia which, like itself, have 1—seriate seeds.

Mr. Pantling reports the flowers as white. Mr. Maximowicz’s species the writer can-

not differentiate from this.

48. (—.) Corypatis apuncaA Maxim. Bull. Ac. Imp. Petersb.

xxiv. 29; glaucous, stems brancled, leaves all long-petioled 2-pinnati-

sect lobes 4-5-jugate, ultimate segments 1—2-jugate 3-partite, lobules

ovate-oblong obtuse, radical rather few not larger than scattered cau-

line; racemes simple laxly 12-20 fld., bracts linear-lanceolate, entire,

almost as lone as pedicels; capsules linear, seeds l-seriate. Mazim.

Mel. Biol. x. 47; Flor. Tangut. 46 t. 6; Flor. Mongol. 38, syn. C. Schelez-

nowiana Rgl. & Schmalh, exclus,

N.-W. Himatayva: Kamaon; exposed dry rocks near Nabhi in

Kutti Valley, 12,000 feet, Duthie n, 2707! Distris. Kansu, Mongolia,

Tangut, Turkestan.

Rootstock stout woody, crowned with withered sheaths. Stems 6-18 in. branch-

ed from base. Leaves 5-6 in. (petioles 23-3 in.) lobes remote. Flowers 2 in., lower

pedicels 4 in.; sepals ovate-acuminate; petals yellow, upper three times as long as

obtuse spur. Capsule 5-? in. long } in. wide.

Of Indian species this is mearest to C. flabelluta and C. adiantifolia but differs from

both in its foliage, which more resembles that cf C. rupestris. C.albicaulis Franch.

40 D. Prain— Some additional Fumariacee. [No. 1,

[ Pl. David. i. 30 t. 8] is, Mr. Maximowicz thinks, only a variety of this species;

the two plants certainly are very closely allied.

Mr. Maximowiez has also reduced to his 0. adunca the form named CG, Scheles-

nowiana by Dr. Regel. So far as the rather meagre examples in London and Paris

went, the writer was prepared to accept the reduction. But Dr. Batalin having kindly

lent him for study many excellent specimens of Dr. Regel’s species, the writer has

been able to ascertain that Mr. Maximowicz’s reduction cannot be sustained and has

found on the contrary that the trne C. Schelesnowiana is identical with a plant

collected in Gilgit by Dr. Giles that has been issued, erroneously, from Herb. Cal-

cutta, as C. adiantifolia.

49, (22.) CorYDALIS FLABELLATA Hdgeworth.

The true C. flabellata, i.e., the species of this group with flabellate leaves and

very minute bracts, extends to Kashgar, where it was collected by Bellew. The

only recent gathering the writer has seen is one made by Heyde in Pangi in 1879.

50. (23.) Corypatts apiantirouia H. f. & TT. C. flabellata

Mazxim. Flor. Tangut. 47, vie Hdgew.

It is now considered doubtful whether this form, which resembles in foliage

the preceding and only differs in having subulate bracts exceeding the buds, can be

separated asa species from C. flabellata. Mr. Clarke has collected in the Karakoram

(Clarke n. 80115!) specimens that are exactly identical with the Zanskar speci-

mens of Dr. Thomson on which C. adiantifolia was founded; these specimens

have been issued by Mr. Clarke as C. flabellata and Mr. Maximowicz (loc. cit.) has

expressed his agreement with Mr. Clarke’s identification. In Herb. Calentta, too,

Mr. Kurz, Mr. Brace and others have always identified C. adiantifolia with C. flabel-

lata with the result that when C. Schelesnowiana was first reported it was assamed to

be C. adiantifolia and issued under that name. Recently Capt. Hunter-Weston, R. E.,

has again obtained the long-bracted plant of Zanskar and the Karakoram at

Chorbat in Baltistan and there is, in Herb., Saharanpur, a note by Dr. Stapf on one.

These Baltistan sheets indicating the very close affinity of the plant to C. flabellata,

Near as the two species are, however, and advisable as their reduction may be

from a monographer’s point of view, the writer cannot agree with Mr. Clarke, Mr.

Maximowicz and Dr. Stapf. The two plants differ very markedly in the points

indicated by Sir Joseph Hooker and Dr. Thomson; if intermediates exist they have

not yet been reported, and till they come to hand he prefers to regard C. adiantifolia

H. f. & T. as a distinct species.

51. (—.) Corypanrs ScHeLesnowiana fegel § Schmalh., Pl.

Fedtsch. 4; glabrous, very glaucous, stems stoutish erect rigid much

branched; radical and lower cauline leaves very long petioled 2-pinnati-

sect, lobes 3-4-jugate, ultimate segments 2-3-fid cuneate at base, lobules

obovate-obtuse ; racemes simple, or slightly branched near bare, terminat-

ing stem and branches, laxly many-fld.; bracts subulate rather shorter

than the rigid pedicels; capsules linear, seeds 1-seriate.

Norru-West Hmataya: Gilgit; Mastuj, 8,000 feet, in damp soil,

Giles n. 99! Distris. Turkestan.

Rootstock stout; stems 18-24 in.; leaves thick, lower petioles 4-6 in. segments

lin. long. % in. across; central raceme 6-8 in. lateral 3-6 in. ; bracts flaccid, pedicels

1896. ] D. Prain— Some additional Fumariacez. Al

= in.; flowers orange-yellow, } in. long, spur slightly saccate at base scarcely half

as long as lips; capsules flattened, } in. Jong.

This species is very nearly related to C. flabellata and C. adiantifolia but has

different leaf-seements and rather smaller flowers. Its nearest ally is C. paniculigera

Regel and Schmalh., which has similar habit and foliage and very similar flowers

and fruits, but which differs in having a paniculate inflorescence.

52. (24.) Corypatis crAsstrouia Royle.

The writer finds from the St. Petersburg Herbm. specimens lent for study by

Dr. Batalin, that C. Fedtschenkoana Regel [Pl. Fedtsch. 3], of which its author

did not know the fruit and which he compared with the very different C. stricta,

has capsules indistinguishable from those of C. crassifolia. The two species then

form together an exceedingly distinct natural group. A South African species,

Corydalis vesicaria (Cysticapnos africana), has very similar capsules; they are not

however, as Bentham and Hooker contend (Gen. ‘Plant. i. 56) ‘exactly as in C.

crassifolia ;” in C. vesicaria the placentas, in place of being nerviform, are diffused ;

the seeds, in place of having an appendage, are, as in the other South African

species, naked.*

* Among the specimens collected by Mr. Pratt in Szechuen there is a very fine

species of Corydalis that does not appear to have been yet described ; it represents

agroup with a rootstock unlike that of any of the Indian species and resem-

bling the rootstocks met with in the species of Dicentra (§ Cucullaria). The species

may be diagnosed as follows.

CoBYDALIS BALSAMIFLORA Prain; rootstock bulbiferous, crown with solitary

long-petioled radical leaf and emitting a slender flexuous leafless stem ; leaf ternate,

circumference ovate, the lobes pinnatipartite, ultimate segments narrowly oblong

or spathulate obtuse entire or 2-fid; bracts large leafy sessile pinnatisect; raceme

few-fid., pedicels very long and flowers very large, purple, the spur long slightly in-

-fandibuliform somewhat incurved and obtuse at apex as long as wingless lamina;

ovary narrow ovules ]-seriate extending from end to end of placentas.

SZECHUEN: near Tachienlu, Pratt n. 781.

Rootstock with thick fleshy bulbiferous scales; petiole 4 in. long, lamina 1°25 in.

diam.; stem 10-12 in.; lower bracts 1°5 in. long, 1 in. across; lower pedicels 1'5 in.

long. Flowers 1°25 in long. .

The flowers here are as large as in (. temulifolia Franch. from Central China

which has however a very different rootstock and has a narrower shorter straight’

conical spur. Very like this species as regards rootstock is another from Szechuen

(Pratt. n. 822) of which the flowers are as yet unknown but which differs from

C. balsamiflora in haying two scattered stem-leaves and obovate fruits with seeds

in 2-rows confined to the upper part of the capsule.

SSeS aeSer ror SO

1 G

42 Frank Finn— Theory of Warning Colours and Mimicry. [No. 1,

Contributions to the Theory of Warning Colowrs and Mimicry, No. II.

Huperiments with a Lizard (Calotes versicolor).— By Frank Finn,

B. A., F. Z. 8., Deputy Superintendent of the Indian Museum.

[ Read March 1896.]

Although I have made experiments with other species of birds

besides the Babbler used for the experiments detailed in my paper in the

J. A. S. B., XLIV, p. 344, I prefer to record in the second place my ex-

periences with the common Garden Lizard of India (Calotes versicolor),

as being more complete. That this lizard eats butterflies there is no

doubt ; its semi-arboreal habits lead it to meet with them, and I have

had specimens of these insects whose wings exhibited semi-circular

notches which could only have resulted from the unsuccessful attack

of one of these reptiles. I have observed such injuries in the case of

Catopsilia and of both sexes of Hlymmias cendularis. Moreover, I found

lepidopterous remains in the stomach of an individual captured in the

evening on a Lantana bush which was a great resort of butterflies.

These lizards are not such satisfactory subjects for experiment

as birds, owing to their extreme deliberation in catching and eating

their prey. As with the Babblers, I have with Calotes been able to

check my experiments made on specimens in captivity, with other experi-

ments made on specimens at large ; but inthe present case I do not know

that any of the animals were identical, though some of my first captives,

as stated below, were released in the Museum compound.

Dr. Alcock very kindly allowed me the use of a large cage of wire

gauze placed in my office in which to confine the subjects of my first

experiments: four specimens of Calotes, three of them fine, and the fourth

of fair size. For three or four days after I got these, 1 gave them no

butterflies, but threw ina plentiful supply of the maggots (those of a

Muscid fly) usually employed here for feeding insectivorous birds.

These turned in due course into flies, and when the lizards appeared

to be eating these, and also some cockroaches (Periplaneta americana),

I commenced the experiments given below, in regard to which I have

to acknowledge Mr. Barlow’s assistance in making observations.

aE » Versit ’

EXPERIMENTS WITH rzanps In CONFINEMENT. SERIES A.

May 14th.—Put in four Danais chrysippus, and six non-warninegly-

coloured butterflies, mostly Junonias. After a time, I found three of

the latter dead, apparently from natural causes. One D. chrysippus was

on the floor with one wing gone, evidently mauled. Another chrysip-

pus was alive and minus the tip of one forewing ; nothing else was to

be seen. There were flies about, and one lizard at least was eating

1896.] Frank Finn— Theory of Warning Colours and Mimicry. 45

them. I found two D. chrysippus wings on the floor, and took out the

dead plain-coloured specimens and the mutilated D. chrysippus, leaving

the other still alive.

May 15th.— A few flies were still about. The D. chrysippus left

overnight was dead but uneaten, though its head seemed to have been

chewed.

I put none Junonia and one EHuploea, and one each of Danais genutia

and chrysippus. Plenty of flies were soon to be seen, yet at the end of

the afternoon all the butterflies seemed to have been eaten. In the

evening, I put in one each of Danais limniace, genutia, and chrysippus,

and seven non-warningly-coloured specimens. Before leaving, I saw a

lizard with the D. limniace in its mouth.

May 16th.— Found a Junonia (dead) and a Catopsilia (alive) floating

in the water-pan ; two other plain-coloured specimehs on the ground,

dead, apparently from natural causes; one D, chrysippus, living, but

minus much of its forewings, and many flies, nothing else. At the end

of this day the Catopsilia was dead, apparently naturally, and the

D. chrysippus had disappeared, though there were flies about. I then

put in four male Hlymnias wndularis, one Papilio aristolochiae, and one

Euploea.

May 17th.— To-day I found three Elymnias and the Huploea unhurt,

but only two wings of the Papilio aristolochiae, which Mr, Barlow had

seen a lizard trying to catch; there were flies to be seen, Before long

I noticed an Hlymnias notched; later two of these disappeared. I

found the dead Catopsila apparently eaten ; possibly others had been

also. I put in one D. limniace and two non-warningly-coloured specimens.

May 18th.—The Euploea remained alive and untouched all day.

I found the Hlymnias recently dead, with antennae gone and wings ~

notched. The others haddisappeared. There were flies in the cage. A

large cockroach was soon mostly eaten. I put in some fresh maggots. —

May 20th.—The Huploea, dead naturally, untouched, as also the

dry body of the Hlymnias. Some dead plain coloured specimens have

been untouched all the time.

May 2\st.— There were hardly any flies in the cage and I gave the

lizards two large grey ones. Inthe evening I put in one each of

Danais genutia and limniace, and Huploea, two Catopsilia, and one

Junonia (this last dead). Soon a Catopsilia, going very close toa

lizard, was snapped at, without hurry, but escaped by the tearing of its

wing, to be soon eaten by another lizard which got a hold on its body.

A very large silkworm moth was in the cage most of the day, but

not attacked. Mr. Barlow saw a lizard approach, but stop at some

distance, apparently frightened.

AA Frank Finn— Theory of Warning Colowrs and Mimicry. [WNo. 1,

May 22nd.— No butterflies left to-day but dead Junonia. No flies.

The wings of the moth were torn, and later only the wings were found,

so that some lizard had at last eaten it. I put in a headless cockroach,

which was soon attacked, but the lizard apparently got pricked in the

mouth, and the insect was not eaten. I put in in the evening two

Catopsilias, two Papilio ewrypylus, one Huploea, one Danais genutia, and

a few small dragonflies. Almost immediately a Catopsilia was seized,

but relinquished by a lizard. I saw another lizard with the Euploea

in its mouth, which it ate. Shortly after I found a wing of one Papilio.

A Mynah’s egg untouched all day,

May 23rd.— Every butterfly gone but a Catopsilia, which was re-

cently dead and unmutilated though the wings were somewhat torn,

it appeared to have died naturally, it was the same specimen which I

had seen taken and left yesterday. No flies were in the cage, and the

cockroach left yesterday was not eaten. I took out the Catopsilia.

EXPERIMENTS WITH LizARDS IN CONFINEMENT. SERIES B.

I now liberated three of the lizards, reserving only the finest. I

put in two large black and yellow dragonflies in the evening.

May 27th.—These dragonflies were uneaten,- though the lizard had

apparently had no food since the 22nd. I saw about this time some

other small dragonflies, apparently those put in before. I put in a

large protectively-coloured moth, which before long disappeared.

May 28th.— The lizard, which now seemed to be very hungry, ate

three or four cockroaches when put in, before Mr. Barlow’s eyes, but lett

more still uneaten by the evening. I then put in one each of Danais

limniace, D. genutia, D. chrysippus, Huploea, and Catopsilia, and a large

brown species. I soon saw the lizard swallowing the D. chrysippus,

none of the others having been attacked as yet, I then put ina larg

protectively-coloured moth, much like the Yellow-underwing.

May 29th.—In the morning D. limniace was alive and unhurt, but

none of the other insects put in were to be seen but one cockroach.

Three hours later, D. limniace being still untouched, I put in a

large grey fly, which the lizard immediately ate, as it did another put

in some little time after. Not long after I put in a third, and the

lizard rushed past the D. lumniace and eagerly took it.

A small gecko put in was not attacked: soon afterwards the

D. limniace was gone, some of its wings being left, and the cockroach

still there, and I putin a Papilio ewrypylus, which was uneaten when

I left.

May 30th.—The Papilio was gone this morning, but the gecko and

some cockroaches were still there.

1896.) Frank Finn— Theory of Warning Colowrs and Mimiery. 45

Ceased experimenting with this lizard, which I killed to feed some

birds.

A month afterwards I commenced experimenting with lizards in

their natural state in the Museum compound, the butterflies being

usually disabled by having the anterior nervure of the fore-wings

broken. Owing to the above-mentioned deliberation of the lizards’

movements, the work of watching them was very tedious, and I did not

always see the final result. I commenced experiments by offering a

cockroach, as stated below.

EXPERIMENTS ON LizArps at Liperry.

July 7th.— Gave a decapitated cockroach to a big lizard in the com-

pound. The lizard rushed to the insect, and after a little hesitation,

apparently on account of the kicking legs, seized and carried it off; I

did not see what then happened, as the lizard on my approach went up

a Shrub.

July 9t:h.— A Papilio demoleus and a Danats genutia offered to a

lizard, were not attacked. I therefore offered them to another. The

Danais disappeared when I was not looking, but it might have fluttered

away. I took away the other.

July 10th.— Offered a Danais chrysippus to lizards, One attacked

and let it go (or lost hold) once or twice; then this lizard was attacked

by a bigger one and a scuffle ensued, and the lizards ran off fighting

and left the butterfly, which did not seem hurt, and was not eventually

taken, thongh I let it remain for a little.

July 12th.—In the morning, put a plain-coloured species (Junonia

I think) and a Danais chrysippus near a large Calotes. The lizard

took the former, which was nearest, and went off with it.

I then offered a D. genutia to another Calotes, which took and ate it.

I gave another D. genutia to a smaller specimen of this lizard,

which seized it and ran off with it in its mouth as au a little time

I approached.

I then offered an Huploea to another large lizard. After a little

time he attacked it, but it got away, and he pursued it ; then another

smaller lizard appeared and possibly there was a fight. If the butter-

fly was taken, this was done quickly, for | could not find it, nor did I

see it in the possession of the lizards.

I then offered a D. limniace to the first of these two lizards, but it

did not offer to touch it. I put the same insect not far from a smaller

lizard, which bit off a piece of wing, and then after a little while went

away. 1 put the same specimen near another, which apeared to see it,

and yet ran past, possibly attracted by a fight between lizards further on.

46 Frank Finn— Theory of Warming Colow's and Mimicry. (No. 1,

July 15th.— Offered in the evening a Danais genutia to a large

lizard, which ultimately took and ate it with much chewing.

July 16th.—Put one specimen each of Danais genutia ayd D. lim-

niace near a lizard, which did not seem inclined to attack them. I

therefore put them before another, which, after a while, passing close

to the D. limniace which was lying still nearest to him, seized the

D. genutia, and when approached went off with the insect in its mouth.

The D. limniace was dead, killed by ants when first put out, I think,

In the evening I put an Huploea near a big Calotes, 1 believe the same

to which I had offered this butterfly before (July 12th), but though I

left it there for some time, it was not taken.

July 17th.— Offered an Huploea to a fat and sickly-looking lizard,

probably heavy with eggs. The insect was not touched, though left

near for some time.

I put the butterfly not far from another lizard, and not long after

saw a lizard (apparently not the same individual) with it in its mouth.

The lizard ran off with its prey. Exposed a Huploea on a tree trunk

for some time within a few inches of a big lizard. Ultimately it dis-

appeared, and the lizard appeared to have moved further up.

July 18th.— In the evening put an Huploea and a Catopsilia on rough

ground near a fair-sized lizard, the Catopsilia being a little the further

off. The lizard stalked, seized, and ate the Huploea. A bigger lizard,

which had watched the proceeding with apparent interest, then took

and ate the Catopsilia, more quickly than the other had done the

Euploea, no doubt because this butterfly was smaller. He did not

attack at once, though apparently in no fear of the other.

Exposed specimens of Danais genutia and a plain-coloured species

to two lizards, but failed to attract them; they were probably afraid

of me.

July 24th.— Offered a non-warningly-coloured species to a large

Calotes near the tank, with a Danais genutia placed nearer the lizard.

After a time the lizard took and ate the Danais before my eyes. Put

a D. genutia and a non-warningly-coloured specimen near a lizard on a

tree. I waited some time, but neither was touched; the lizards had been

a, little frightened.

Threw a D. genutia almost under the nose of a big Calotes on the

tree, but though I waited some time, he did not catch it, but moved off

towards another lizard.

July 27th.—Put specimens of Danais limniace and Papilio demoleus

not far from a lizard (near the tank). He did not attack, but after a

time I found only the wing of the D, limniace, and another lizard ran off,

which might have taken it.

1896.] Frank Finn—Theory of Warning Colowrs and Mimicry. AT

July 28th.— Put out a large Catopsilia and a Danais limmiace near

the lizards’ tree by the tank. Some while afterwards the Catopsilia was

gone; but it might have got away, as breaking the costal nervure does

not disable these as it does Danaids. The Danais was still there.

Later in the day I put this Danais near another lizard, before very

long the lizard stalked and seized it with a spring and slowly ate it

before me.

July 30th.— Offered in the morning a Papilio aristolochiae to a big

Calotes near the tank. In a little while I saw him with it in his mouth,

and he then ran off with it. Lloffered another P. aristolochiae to another

large lizard. He stalked it almost immediately, seized it after a pause,

chewed it slowly, and had got all down but part of one fore-wing when

he disappeared, no doubt frightened. Later on I exposed a Catopsiha

on the tree by the tank; it was ona leaf not far from a lizard, and

this soon had it in its mouth and ate it.

August 1st—Exposed a Papilio demoleus to a Calotes in the Art

School compound ; the insect weak but not disabled, fell at a little dis-

tance; then I disabled a fine Papilio aristolochiae and threw it to the

lizard. It fell very near and was immediately seized and slowly eaten,

all but parts of two wings and a leg, knocked off at the last. Meanwhile

the P. demoleus was fluttering about, and the lizard must have seen it.

I then took it away.

August 2nd.—I offered to a Calotes in the Art School compound

a Papilio ewrypylus and P. aristolochiae. He soon attacked, paused and

went on over P. ewrypylus which was nearest, seized P. avristolochiae,

and ate it all but part of the forewings a hindwing and the abdomen,

which I found afterwards. As the abdomen was not chewed, and had

the unchewed wing attached to it, I supposed the lizard had chewed

it off unwittingly.

This lizard did not seem inclined to eat P. eurypylus afterwards,

but another to which I threw the insect soon seized it by the wing and

began to chew this; and as I soon missed both, no doubt retired with

its prey.

I do not know if the first lizard was the same as yesterday’s; it

was about the same place.

November 2nd.—In the morning I exposed to a lizard a Delzas

eucharis which was almost immediately seized, and the lizard began

apparently to chew it, when a movement of mine startled it, as it

remained still, holding the insect in its mouth (a common habit) and it

ran off with its prey.

November 10th. Exposed a red-eyed skipper (Matapa aria) near

a large Calotes, which after a little seized and ate it.

AS G.S. A. Ranking —A Note on Indigo Manufacture. [No. 1,

Since this date I have seen a small Calotes seize and eat a small

conspicuous orange-red insect, apparently a “ lady-bird.”

The behaviour of these reptiles certainly does not appear to

afford support to the belief that the butterflies, at any rate, usually con-

sidered nauseous, are distasteful to them.

A Note on the Nature of the Substance formed during fermentation, from

which Indigo Blue is eventually formed in Indigo Manufacture; and on

Indigo Brown.—By Sure,-Lt.-Cou. G. 8. A. Rangine, B.A., M.D.,

M.R,A.S.

[Read March, 1896. |

Indigo liquor when properly fermented is a greenish yellow in-

fusion having a very marked greenish fluorescence. In reaction it

varies, though the reaction is faintly alkaline when the liquor is most

favourably fermented. A distinctly acid reaction always indicates

unfavourable fermentation, and results in loss of produce of Indigo-blue.

It contains a substance in solution which forms a yellow solution

with alkalies, and from this yellow solution Indigo-blue may be very

readily obtained by simple agitation with air.

Now the nature of this Indigo-forming substance has been hitherto

undecided. That it very closely resembles Indigo-white cannot be

denied, as will be seen from a comparison of the reactions of Vat-liquor

and solutions of Indigo-white respectively with metallic salts, herein-

after set out in tabular form. (See Table page 51.)

But there are certain difficulties in the way of any theory which

would declare them to be identically the same, of which one is this, that

Indigo-white is well known to be insoluble except in alkalis, whereas

it is certain that in acid Vat-liquor the Indigo-formmg body is present

in solution.

For many years I held the opinion that the substance present in

the Vat-liquor after fermentation is so nearly allied to Indigo-white as

to be practically identical with that body, and I considered that it might

be an isomer of Indigo-white, which differed from that body by being

soluble in acids, as well as in alkalies; I have, however, asa result of

further research, come to the conclusion that the body present differs

from Indigo-white in composition, though in its reactions with metallic

salts it is apparently identical, and I have been led to conclude that

it is probably Indoxyl (C;H,NO) a body containing one more atom of

Hydrogen than does Indigo-white.

1896.] G.S. A. Rankine — A Note on Indigo Manufacture. 49

There are only two substances known to chemists which yield Indigo-

blue on agitation of their solutions with air. These are :—

(a) Indigo-white (C,H,NO) soluble in alkalis to yellow solution,

playing the part of a weak acid.

(6) Indoxyl (C,H,;NO) soluble in acids or alkalis, and its solution

in hot water showing a yellowish green fluorescence.

“Tt is simultaneously an acid and a base: its alkaline solution

absorbs Oxygen from the air with formation of Indigo-blue: which is

also formed when ferric chloride is added to its hydrochloric acid

solution.” * Now it requires very little further enquiry, before we are

struck with the similarity of the physical characters of this body and

those of the body existing in Indigo Vat-liquor after fermentation.

When we look a little further, and enquire into the chemical behaviour

of Indoxyl, we find that it contains two atoms of replaceable Hy-

drogen. It forms derivatives in which one of these atoms is displaced,

thus Ethyl-Indoxyl C,H,NO (C,H;) is Indoxyl in which one atom of

Hydrogen is replaced by Ethyl: graphically—

OH OC,H,;

“ik d

Ch A. ack OH Ce "\ on

Indoxyl Hthyl- Cae

From this we may infer that a Potass-Indoxyl (C,H ;NOK) Sod-

Indoxyl (C,H,NO Na). Ammon Indoxyl (C;H,NO sins are theoret-

ically possible. We may also notice that if we simply remove this

atom of Hydrogen we should convert Indoxyl into Indigo-white, thus

2 C, Hix pe CH+0

TIndoxyl - Indigo-white.

=2 0,5, < no > CH+H,0

and this indicates that the above would represent the graphic formula

of Indigo-white. Further oxidation would give us Indigo-blue, the

of Hydrogen contained in the CH group being removed: thus ¢

pCO

Indigo-white

atom

=2 C,H, COS 0+,0

Indigo-blue.

* Boscoe and Schorlemmer, Vol. ITT. p. 40.

+ BR. and S., Vol. IIT. page 42.

fy is. 7

a0 G. §. A. Ranking —A Note on Indigo Monufacture. (No.1,

Now in fermented Indigo-liquor we have a body present which forms

by the action of air Indigo-blue. It must therefore be, so far as is

known at present, one of two bodies: Indigo-white or Indoxyl. Which

of these two it is the following considerations will help to decide.

It is soluble in water and the solution has generally a faintly

alkaline reaction but may be acid. It therefore seems not to he Indigo-

white.

On the other hand its solution shews a very characteristic green

fluorescence, and, moreover, if treated with HCl and Fe,Cl, yields

Indigo-blue, which fact strongly supports the view that Indoxyl is

present: the above reaction being one of the characteristics of Indoxyl

(vide R. and S. loc. cit.)

But supposing it to be Indoxyl, as it really seems that it may he,

how can we account for the fact that it reacts with the salts of the

metals just as does Indigo-white. To explain this we must briefly recon-

sider our position. We found that Indoxyl has two replaceable Hydrogen

atoms, one in the OH group, the other in the CH group, and thatif both

these atoms are removed Indigo-blue is left.

First consider what occurs when an alkaline solution of Indigo-

white is treated with a solution of a metallic salt. (See Table Column J).

A double compound is formed consisting of the metal and Indigo-

blue, the metal having secondarily replaced the replaceable atom of

Hydrogen. These compounds may be shewn to consist of Indigo-blue

and the metallic base, by treatment with strong sulphuric acid * and

subsequent addition of water, when Indigo-blue will be thrown down

and the metal remain in combination with the acid.

Now Limagine that, in the case of the Vat-liquor containing Indoxyl,

what happens is this, we recollect it has two atoms of replaceable

Hydrogen, and both of these are removed, thus

(a) C,H,NO + 2 KOH.

= O,;H,NO.K.K. (Alkaline solution) + 2 H,O.

(b) C,H,NO.K.K. + BaCl?.

= (C,H,NO. Ba + 2K Cl.

The result being ultimately the same as in the case of white Indigo,

with this difference that the Indoxyl is the more powerful reducing

agent of the two, and needs more oxygen; so that the ultimate

reactions of the metals with alkaline solutions of Indoxyl and Indigo-

* 1. CgH,NO. Bat H,SO, +0O=C;H,NO+Ba SO,+H20, atmospheric oxidation

occurring as part of the reaction.

N. B.—It should be noticed that the composition of the double compound of

Indigo-blue and metal in the case of Barium points to an original compound in

which there were two atoms of replaceable Hydrogen, such as Indoxyl.

1896. ] G. S, A. Ranking—A Note on Indigo Manufacture. 51

white are the same, the only difference being in the proportions of the

reagents required: * and this would explain how it is that the Indigo

Vat-liquor while giving the reactions of Indigo-white with alkalis and

metals, still may have an acid reaction originally, if the body present is

Indoxyl C,H,NO=or y Indoxyl. Which we might call an acid Indigo-

white on the analogy of the acid carbonates.

Having regard to the fact that CO, is largely present during Indigo

fermentation it is not improbable that at some stage Indoxylic acid

CHa. > CHCO.e

is present, but as this, by the splitting off of CO,, yields Indoxyl, and in

alkaline solution behaves just as does Indoxyl, yielding Indigo-blue by

oxidation, this does not in any way affect the foregoing explanation of

the reactions occurring during the manufacturing process.

The following table shews the reactions above referred to.

Table shewing comparison of reactions of Indigo Vat-liquor after

due fermentation, with those of Reduced or white Indigo.

Reactions of fermented Indigo liquor

The reactions of Reduced Indigo vide with the reagents mentioned.

Watts Dicty. of Chemistry, ed. 1865,

Vol. III.

Reagent. Result.

Earth metals and heavy metals givea| Ba Cl, | White ppt. becoming dark blue

white ppt. turning blue in air. in air.

Magnesium compound is partly soluble, | Mg SO, | White ppt. becoming blue in air.

partly white ppt. turning blue, partly Filtrate yellow.

a yellow solution.

Aluminium compound white, but rapidly |Al,(SO,)3} White ppt. becoming blue rapid-

turns blue in the filter. ly.

Manganous compound dirty green, yields | Mn Cl, | Bluish green ppt.

no sublimate of Indigo-blue. No sublimate on heating.

Zinc compound is white, rapidly blue in| Zn SO,| White ppt. becoming rapidly

air and then yields a sublimate of In- blue.

digo-blue when heated. No sublimate obtained.

Lead compound white and slightly crys- |Pb(NO;)2| White ppt. inclining to green,

talline, turns rapidly blue on exposure blue on exposure to air, on

to air, if then heated it detonates heating deflagrates yielding

slightly and yields reduced lead. nb:

Ferrous compound is white, quickly blue |'Fe SO, | Whitish green ppt., passing

on exposure to air: if then heated, through green to blue (also

some ferric hydrate ppt. owing

yields no sublimate of Indigo-blue.

to impurity of ferrous salt.)

# In the case of Indigo-white we should have the following reactions :

(a) 2C;,H,NO+2 KOH =2 C,H;NO.K.K. (alkaline solution) +2 H,0,

~ (b) As in case of Indoxyl-Barium compound.

52 G. §. A. Ranking—A Note on Indigo Manufacture. [No. 1,

SS I a ETI EEO EE TL LL

Reactions of fermented Indigo liquor

The reactions of Reduced Indigo vide with the reagents mentioned.

Watts Dicty. of Chemistry, ed. 1865,

Vol. III.

Reagent. Result.

Cobalt compound grass green yields no| Co Cl, | Grass green ppt. becoming dark

sublimate of Indigo-blue. bluish green, yields no subli-

mate of Indigo-blue.

Nitrate of silver produces in aqueous so- | Ag NO;| Brown ppt. becoming black

Intion of the potassium compound a glossy looking not altered in

ppt. which is at first transparent brown air: when heated after drying

and then becomes black; it is not detonated slightly * yielding

acted upon by the air, but when heated sublimate of Indigo-blue.

produces a gentle explosion and yields Residue metallic silver or oxide

a sublimate of Indigo-blue, and a resi- of silver : not sol. in NH*HO—

due of metallic silver. Sol. in HNO? repptd. by HCl

Fo ANS

N.B.—All the above reactions were obtained in Vat-liquor rendered

distinctly alkaline with KOH dilute, with which a yellow solution was

formed rapidly oxidising with formation of Indigo-blue.

It is therefore necessary to add the alkali to each portion of the

Vat-liquor separately to get trustworthy results. The similarity of the

reactions of fermented Indigo-liquor and of a solution of reduced Indigo

is seen in the above series. The italics in the third column shew the

only points of difference observed.

A few more remarks upon the above precipitates obtained from

fermented Indigo Vat-liquor will be of interest. All the precipitates

enumerated in the above Table, with one exception, when dried at 100°C

and treated in a porcelain capsule with strong H,SO, yield a dark

green solution, which upon the addition of water deposits Indigo-blue,

the filtrate in the case of the soluble sulphates giving the character-

istic reactions of the metallic base used as a precipitant.

There is, however, one noticeable exception to this rule in the ease

of the Sodium-silver-indigo compound, which does not detonate on heat-

ing and yields a sublimate of a brown colowr, not of Indigo-blue — on

treatment with concentrated H,SO: it turns brown and yields no In-

digo-blue on the addition of water. I have thought it interesting to

examine the composition of this salt, and have arrived at the conclusion

that the Indigo in it is not Indigo-blue, but one of the other compounds,

* Absence of Cee proved.

1896. ] G. 8. A. Ranking —A Note on Indigo Manufacture. 53

probably one of the so-called “ Indigo-browns” of which as I shall

shew there appear to be at least two.

This Sodium-silver-indigo compound is like the potassium-silver-

indigo compound in appearance, but is browner, and does not detonate

when heated, nor does it yield a sublimate of Indigo-blue. It is insolu-

ble in water, alcohol, or ether, partially soluble in dilute nitric acid with

decomposition of the acid. Partially soluble in NH,HO dilute, with

which it forms a dark brown solution leaving a black residue in powder ;

less easily soluble in Na OH or KOH to brown solution. Sodium

chloride gives no precipitate. The ammoniacal solution is brown by

reflected light, deep vinous red by transmitted light, it passes through

filter paper unchanged (A), leaving a fine black powder on the filter (B).

(1) A. Filtrate of NH,HO solution, Added HCl in excess, no

ppt. With HNO, dil. decolorized on boiling, and gives with HCl a white

ppt. sol. in NH,HO; HNO, driven off by evaporating to dryness, con-

firmed with K,CrQ,.

(2) Portion of filtrate evaporated to dryness over a water bath

was greenish black with metallic lustre, when heated gave a faint

brown sublimate not yielding Indigo-blue on treatment with H,SO,

cone. and subsequent addition of water. This lustrous residue dissolved

in HNO, dil. on boiling, and gave the reactions of silver with HCl and

with K,Cro,, NG

(3) Portion dried in a crucible and ignited gave a dark violet

residue with metallic lustre.

Washed with strong H,SO, the violet portions turned green (trace

of Indigo) ; then washed well with H,O and then digested the residue

in NH, HO, but nothing was dissolved .*. no Ag,O.

Again washed with H,O and dissolved in HNO, the solution be-

came turbid on adding HCl dil. and: ee up on adie AmO .:. Ag,

confirmed by K,CrQ,.

It thus appears that the ios of the ppt. of the Sodium-silver-

indigo compound which is soluble in Ammonia, contains traces of Indigo-

blue but the majority of the Indigo is present as one of the Indigo-browns

to be hereinafter referred to, decolorizing with HNO, with characteristic

smell of hyperoxidized Indigo products.

B. The portion of the Sodium-silver-indigo ppt. which does not dis-

solve in NH,HO is left on the filter in the form of a fine black powder.

This portion was thoroughly washed with weak Ammonia solution and

finally with H,O and dried at 100°C. When dry it formed a very fine

grey powder, so fine as not to be capable of being scraped off the filter.

Filter digested in boiling HNO; dil. 10°/, the grey ppt. dissolves to a

colourless solution giving the reactions of Ag. No residue left. The

ppt. insoluble in NH,HO is thus proved to be metallic silver.

54 G. 8. A. Ranking—A Note on Indigo Manufacture. [No. 1,

It is thus evident that in the case of the Sodium-silver-indigo salt

the resulting compound is made up of metallic silver, traces of Ag,O

and an Indigo-brown insoluble in water and alcohol but soluble in NH,*

It would appear therefore that while with the other metals the In-

doxyl combines with them and is oxidised to Indigo-blue, in the case of

the Sodium-silver-indigo compound the Indigo is further oxidised, re-

ducing the silver to the metallic condition, itself being a brown substance

soluble in NH,HO but not soluble in H,O. Now this is interesting as

throwing light upon the way in which Jndigo-brown (a source of great

loss in manufacture) is formed. The Indigo-brown however which re-

sults from the improper fermentation of Indigo liquor is soluble in water.

Now it occurred to me to try whether, by a process of reduction

from this last product, we could get a less highly oxidised Indigo-brown,

and the results are most interesting. The solid extract obtained from

dry Indigo leaves a brown resinous looking substance soluble in water,

obtained by evaporation to dryness of a watery extract of dry Indigo

leaves, was reduced in acid solution by means of Zinc: a brown powder

was thrown down and on separation by filtration and washing was found

to be insoluble in water but soluble in NH,HO thus behaving exactly

like the brown Indigo compound found to be in the Sodium-indigo-silver

compound.

The inference is therefore possibly just that this Indigo-brown

occupies a position intermediate between Indigo-blue and the soluble

Indigo-brown resulting from the action of heat, alkalies, or improper

fermentation on Indigo Vat-liquor: inasmuch as it is produced by a

degree of oxidation which reduces the silver to the metallic state; and

is also obtainable by reducing agencies from the soluble Indigo-brown

formed in dry Indigo leaves. |

It is therefore a further possible deduction from the facts observed,

that an improper oxidation of the Indigo Vat-liquor will result in Indigo-

brown instead of Indigo-blue: possibly this occurs during manufacture

owing to the prolonged “beating” which is necessary to secure the

deposition of the Indigo-blue in cases where fermentation has not gone

on properly, as it is only formed in a small quantity in laboratory

experiments with the plants, where all the stages can be more carefully

controlled than is possible in actual practice owing to the various dis-

tances from which plant has to be brought and the irregular steeping

which of necessity results. :

However this may be I am certain that alkalinity ¢ of the water

* Cf. Indihumin (Schunck.)

+ Acidity of the steeping water leads to the production of a red compound

soluble in water from which it may be separated by agitation with Ether ?Indirubin.

1896. ] G. S. A. Ranking — A Note on Indigo Manufacture. 5D

used to macerate the Indigo plant, the application of heat during

maceration (“steeping ”’), and last but not least prolonged ‘“ beating”

in order to oxidise imperfectly fermented Vat-liquor, all result in the

formation of the soluble Indigo-brown and should therefore be avoided

in manufacture.

The gases evolved during fermentation I have found to be principal-

ly Carbon dioxide and Nitrogen in the following proportions CO,=31

per cent. N=62 per cent. Hydrogen forms a very small proportion of

the evolved gases, only 6°75 per cent.

Marsh gas also seems to be very sparingly generated during fer-

mentation of Indigo. I propose to extend my observations on the

evolved gases at some future opportunity.

JOURNAL

OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.

—<ZfP—

Vol. LXV. Part II—NATURAL SCIENCE.

No. II.—1896.

Novicie Indice XI.—Two additional species of Lagotis.—By D. Pratn.

Plates I and II.

[Received and read, 1st April. ]

Lagotis is the only Indian genus of the natural order Selaginex.

It is almost purely alpine in Indian territory; only two of the truly

Himalayan forms (L. glauca var. sikkimensis and L. spectabilis) come as

low down as 11,000 feet. A species that extends from Armenia to

Afchanistan, but that has not yet been collected within the British

border though it has been found in Waziristan just beyond it, comes as

low down as 6,000 feet; most of the Himalayan forms, however, occur

at from 15,000—18,000 feet elevation.

The forms that have been recognised as distinct by different writers

have varied considerably in number and extent. This is owing to the

difficulty of finding characters that are constant either in the flowers or

in the leaves and stems. To such anextent does this variability go that

in 1881, Mr. Maximowicz [ Bull. Ac. Petersb. xxvii. 522 et seq.| published

a review of the genus in which, while he tentatively recognised five

more or less distinct forms, he expressed the opinion that probably

future taxonomists would be constrained to reduce the number of

legitimate species to two only.

J. u. 8

700 4

58 D. Prain— Two additional species of Lagotis. [No. 2,

In making this prediction it is clear that the material of our Hima-

layan forms at his disposal had been all too scanty and it is evident

also that, in making his enumeration, Mr. Maximowicz had overlooked a

paper in the Society’s Journal [vol. xxxix. (1870)] wherein the late

Mr. Kurz described two new forms belonging to the genus. One of

these must undoubtedly have fallen within the limits of L. glauca as that

species has been understood by Mr. Maximowicz ; the other is, however,

so remarkable and so distinct that there is every reason to suppose that

Mr. Maximowicz would have accorded it the specific rank claimed for it

by Mr. Kurz.

In the Flora of British India, vol. iv, Sir Joseph Hooker has given

an excellent account of the Indian forms reported up to August 1885.

Here the validity of one of Mr. Kurz’s species (ZL. globosa) is incontrover-

tibly established; one of Dr. Ruprecht’s (ZL. decwmbens), merged in

L. glauca by Mr. Maximowicz, is also justified; another very distinct

and remarkable form (ZL. Clarkez) is also for the first time defined.

Of the other Kurzian species (L. spectabilis), which Sir Joseph tenta-

tively maintains, it is remarked that it does not perhaps differ from

L. glauca; to that species, following Mr. Maximowicz, Sir Joseph refers

the L. cashmeriana and L. kunawarensis of Royle, as well as a somewhat

distinct form which he names L. glauca VAR. sikkimensis. At the same

time Sir Joseph has indicated very clearly the differences that exist

between LD. cashmeriana and L. kunawarensis—differences that suggest

specific distinction.

The plentiful accession of Himalayan material during the past ten

years makes it necessary to recognise two forms more. One of these, from

Phari,is very distinct and though in some respects related both to L. globosa

and to I. decumbens it is in no sense intermediate between these two; its

claim to specific rank appears to be as unimpeachable as the correspond-

ing claim for LZ. globosa or L. Clarket. The other is by no means so satis-

factory. It combines certain characters of LL. cashmeriana, which it

resembles in habit, with some characters of L. glauca, from the Sikkim

variety of which its flowers and from the North-west Himalayan variety

of which its inflorescence are hardly distinguishable.

However much may be said, from the monographer’s standpoint,

in favour of the inclusion of ZL. cashmgriana in L. glawca there is no

doubt that from the point of view of the field-botanist the location of

L. cashmeriana and DL. glauca var. kunfwarensis in one species is not

advisable. And the same may be said of the union of L. glauca

vak. stkkimensis and L. spectabilis. Hven from the monographer’s stand-

poimt the writer is inclined to doubt whether much is gained by

merging either Lagotis cashmeriana or L. Stelleri in ZL. glauca; m

1896.] D. Prain— Two additional species of Lagotis. 59

the subjoined key these forms have accordingly been given specific

rank.

The genus Lagotis was founded by Gaertner in 1770 (Nov. Comm. Acad. Petrop.

Xiv., pt. i., p. 533, t. xviii., f. 2) on a plant from Kamtschatka described by ‘ Gmelin

(Flor. Sibir. iii. 219) in 1768 as'a Veronica. A somewhat different form of the same

species collected by Pallas was described by that author in 1776 (Reise Prov. Russ.

Reichs. iii. 710, t. A, fig. 1) as Gymnandra borealis. The younger Linneugs united

these two plants and referred them in 1781 to the genus Bartsia (Bartsia Gymnan-

dra Linn. f. Suppl. Plant. 278); in this he was followed by Willdenow in 1800 (Sp.

Pl. ed. iv. iii. 186), and by Pursh in 1814 (Flor. Amer. Septen. ii. 430). Lamarck, in

the French edition of Pallas (1793), referred the species of this genus to Paederota.

In 1811, however, Willdenow (Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. v. D- 390

et seq.) recognised the right to separate generic rank of the plants mentioned ; for some

reason Willdenow chose to employ the name Gymnandra of Pallas in preference

to the older name Lagotis of Gaertner, being followed in this by Chamisso and

Schlechtendal who monographed the genus in 1827 (Linnea ii. p. 560, et seq.) ; by

Choisy who monographed it again in 1848 (DC. Prodr. xii., 24 et seq:) ; by Ledebour

who described the Russian species in 1849 (Flor. Ross. iii. 331, et seg.) and by

Boissier who described the Oriental species in 1879 (lor. Orient. iv.527). Endlicher

too in 1838 (Gen. Plant. 689) ; Meisner, between 1836-43 (Gen. Plant. i. 307, ii. 218);

and Bentham and Hooker in 1876 (Gen. Plant. ii. 1129) used by preference the

name Gymnandra. Dr. Ruprecht had endeavoured in 1845 (Flor. Samojed. Cis. 49)

and again in 1870 (Sert. Tianschan. 64) to re-establish the true name; but it was

not till 1881, that the indefensible usage was formally discredited at the instance

of Mr. Maximowicz who, in his paper referred to above, restored the name

Lagotis. In this he has been followed by Mr. Rolfe [Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. 349

(1884) ] and by Sir Joseph Hooker in the Flora of British India, vol. iv ; it is therefore

to be hoped: that the name Gymnandra may not re-appear in future lists.

Willdenow in his revision of 1811 recognised as many as eight species, all

of which he figured; Chamisso and Schlechtendal, however, reduced these to

three; in this they were followed by Choisy in his monograph. Maximowicz whose

treatment touches, perhaps, the opposite extreme, reduced all of them to ZL. glauca.

The writer’s treatment differs slightly from that of all the authors mentioned; if

recognises but two species in the group of forms figured by Willdenow, though it

approaches that of Chamisso and of Choisy since one of the two species recognised

admits of division into two varieties.

For convenience of consultation these reductions are here shown in tabular form.

[No. 2,

D. Prain— Two additional species of Lagotis.

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1896. ] D. Prain— Two additional species of Lagotis. 61

Endlicher and Meisner both followed their predecessors in referring the genus to

the natural order Scrophularinez ; Choisy first placed it in its true natural order,

being in this followed by all subsequent authors. In 1776 Pallas mentioned that his

Gymnandra had already been named Gerberia by Steller. Thisname is also quoted

by Choisy; Dr. Ruprecht, however, tells us [Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reich. vii. 69

(1850) ] that the Gerberia of Steller is really a Coptis, not a Lagotis.

In order that the relationship of the two forms now described to

those hitherto known may be more easily understood a key is appended

in which are included all the species of Lagotis known to or recognised

by the writer.

The writer in concluding this note would wish to express his obliga-

tion to Mr. Dyer, Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, who has kindly

permitted critical Indian specimens of Lagotis to be compared in Kew

Herbarium, and his thanks to Mr. Rolfe of the Kew Staff by whom

the necessary comparisons were made.

LAGOTIS Gaertn.

Key to the known species.

* Rhizomes elongated oblique, scapes usually as long as

or longer than the leaves :—

+ Calyx of two oblong sepals, bracts so large as to

conceal the flowers :—

{ Bracts membranous ; sepals slightly unequal :—

§ Heads globose; filaments slender as long

asupper lip... occ 1. L. globosa.

§ § Heads spicate ; anthers subsessile .. 2, L. decumbens.

t I Bracts herbaceous ; sepals similar ; (heads oval-

oblong, filaments slender longer than the

upper lip) oo aes ... 3 L. pharica.

+ + Calyx gamophyllous :—

{ Bracts smaller than the large spathaceous gale-

ate calyx which conceals the corolla oo 4, L. Clarkei.

t f Bracts equalling or exceeding the dorsally plane

2-lobed valyx beyond which the corolla is

far exserted :—

§ Neck of rhizome naked ; (small plants) :—

§ Filaments adnate to lower half to

three-fourths of margin of upper

lip; flower-heads ovate-oblong,

leaves smooth, thin ... .. 9. LD. cashmeriana.

4, 4 Anthers subsessile ; flower-heads nar-

rowly spicate, leaves subrugose ... 6, L. crassifolia.

§ § Neck of rhizome crowned with persistent,

not fibrous, sheaths :—

§ Basal sheaths thinly membranous

dull, flower-heads ovate-oblong ... 7, DL, Stelleri.

62 D. Prain— Two additional species of Lagotis. [No. 2

4 4 Basal sheaths thickly membranous

shining, flower-heads spicate :-—

x Cauline leaves much smaller

than radical nee .. 8. L. glauca.

x x Cauline leaves large, almost

equalling lamina of radical .. 9. L. spectabilis.

* * Rhizomes short premorse (crowned with fibrous sheaths) ;

scapes leafless, shorter than the leaves; (calyx

gamophyllous) :—

+ Stolons 0; calyx winged; (disc reduced to one

anterior lobe) ae bee .. 11. L. Korolkowi.

hai BS olenugius ; calyx not winged :—

~ Glabrous; disc reduced to one anterior lobe.,. 12. L. stolonifera.

i * Puberulous; disc 4-lobed 20 .. 13. L. brachystachya.

1. Lacotis croposa Hook. fil. Flor. Brit. Ind. iv. 558 (1885),

Gymnandra globosa Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. pt. 2, 80. t. 7, f. 1.

(1870).

Western Tipet and GIucir.

2. LaGcoris pecuMBENS [tupr. Sert. Tianschan. 64 (1870) ; Hook. fil.

Flor. Brit. Ind. iv, 559 (1885). LL. glauca suB-sp. australis Mazim. Bull.

Acad. Imp. Petersb. xxvii. 523 (1881) partim, pl. himal. exclus.

Western Tirnet and Tianscuan Mrs.

3. Lacotis pHARIcA Prain; (Puate I.) leaves long-petioled, ovate-

oblong, pinnately lobed, scape few-leaved ; bracts equalling the flowers,

ovate-oblong, imbricate, forming an ovate head.

Souta-Hastern Trset: Tern-la, one day north of Phari, Dungboo ! !

Rootstock small, stoloniferous; roots very long and numerous. Leaves 1°5 in.

long, °75 in. wide, base truncate; petioles 2 in. long, narrow throughout. Flowering

stems ascending, as long as the leaves, with a few leafy bracts near top. Spike

‘75-1 in. bracts ‘8 in. long, entire, obtuse, thickly herbaceous. Flowers °3 in.

Sepals 2, acute, equal and similar. Lower corolla-lip usually 3-cleft, upper 2-fid

to -cleft. Filaments slender, exceeding the upper lip. Style included, stigma

notched. Fruit narrowly oblong.

Nearly related to L. globosa, with which it agrees in having very long filaments

and in having lobed leaves, though the leaves in this species are not So deeply cut ;

also to L. decumbens which it approaches in style of inflorescence. From both it differs

in having thick, herbaceous, relatively smaller bracts. The lobing of the corolla, as a

reference to the plate will show, is exceedingly variable in this species, particularly

in the wpper lip where each lobe may be again 2-fid, or at times even 3-fid. In

most species of Lagotis the greatest variability is in the lower lip.

4. WLacoris CrarKet Hook. fil. Flor. Brit. Ind. iv. 559 (1885).

Sixxim; 13,000 to 16,000 feet. Yak-la Clarke! Tankra-la G. Gain-

mie! King’s Collector! Pan-ding- la, near Jongri, King’s Collector !

Cuumpi; at Ka-poop, King’s Collector !

1896.] D. Prain — Two additional species of Lagotis. 63

The flowers are reported variously as “light-yellow,” “‘ yellowish-green,” and

“white.” The lower lip of the corolla is entire, ovate-oblong, rather wider than the

upper lip.

5. LAgoris CASHMERIANA Rupr. Sert. Tianschan. 64 (1870). L. glauca

suB-sp. australis Maxim, Bull. Acad. Imp. Petersb. xxvii. 523 (1881)

quoad pl, himal. partim, L. glauca var. cashmeriana Hook. fil. Flor.

Brit, Ind. iv. 559 (1885). Gymnandra cashmeriana Royle in Benth.

Scroph. Ind. 47 (1835); Ill. Himal. 291, t. 73, £. 3 (1839); Choisy in

DC. Prodr. xii, 25 (1848). G. Stelleri Herb. Ind. Or. H, f. & T. viz

Cham. § Schlecht.

Nortu-West Himataya: Chamba to Kashmir.

M. Choisy (Joc. cit.) felt disinclined to separate this form from L. Stelleri, and

Drs. -Hooker and Thomson when issuing their Indian Herbarium were even more

decidedly of the samé opinion. Unfortunately the writer has never had an Oppor-

tunity of examining L. Stelleri of which there is no example at Calcutta. His

friend Mr. Rolfe who, under instructions from Mr. Dyer, Director of the Royal

Gardens, Kew, has kindly examined the specimens sent from Calcutta for com-

parison with the material in Kew Herbarium, writes :—“‘ Lagotis Stelleri ig

“apparently distinct from JL. glawca VAR. cashmeriana Hook.f. And whatever the

“difference between L. glauca and the forms since distinguished from it, they are

“more than mere synonyms. Possibly some are geographical forms.”

In deference to this expression of opinion the writer, while following M. Choisy

in keeping up L. Stelleri, regarding the claim of which form to specific rank that

anthor expresses no doubt, has felt compelled to retain specific rank for L. cashmer-

iana also. For whatever its relationship to L. Stelleri, may be, there is, in the

writer's opinion, no doubt that L. cashmeriana cannot, with any approach to either

convenience or accuracy, be placed in L. glauca.

6. Lacoris crassiroLta Prain ; (Puate II) radical leaves ovate

obtuse or subacute, base cuneate, margin serrate, petiole stout narrow ;

cauline similar but sessile ; spike elongate, bracts ovate acute shorter than

the flowers.

Sixxm: Tankra, G. Gammie! Paari: King’s Collector! Souru-Hast-

ERN Tiset; Tern-la, one day north-east of Phari, King’s Collector ! prov.

Tsang, Lama Ujyen Gyatsko !

Rootstock stout naked, with thick fleshy fibres. Leaves thickly fleshy, subrugose;

radical 1-2 in. long, 3-1 in. wide, petiole 2—2} in.; cauline 3-2 in. Flowering

stems several, 2—4 in. high, decumbent below, rather slender ; spikes 1}—24 in., bracts

4-Lin. Calyx dorsally plane, 2-lobed at tip, longer than tube of corolla and bracts,

Corolla tube hardly } longer than lips, lower lip 2-fid, casually 38-fid. Anthers

subsessile. Style included.

In size and appearance this resembles L. cashmeriana, but has very different

flowers. As regards texture of leaves this approaches L. brevituba } as regards

corolla it is almost exactly intermediate between LD. brevituba and L. glauca VAR.

sikkimensis. Under the system of treatment adopted by Mr. Maximowicz, this form

would doubtless also be placed in L. glawea. Myr. Rolfe, however, who is one of the

64 D. Prain— Two additional species of Lagotis. [No. 2,

foremost living authorities on this difficult natural order, agrees with the writer in

considering the form distinct.

7. Lacoris STeLLerRt Rupr. Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reich. ii. 49

(1845) ; vii. 69 (1850). L. glauca var. Stelleri Trautv. Act. Hort. Petrop.

v. 95 (1877) ; Maxim, Mel. Biol. xi. 298 (1881). Gerberia Stelleri

Pall. Mss. ex Lamk Voy. Pall. ed. Gall. App. 225 (1793). Gymnandra

minor Willd. Gesell. Nat. Hr. Berlin Mag. v. 393. t. 9. £. 3 (1811).

G. dertata Willd. loc. cit. 394. t. 9. f. 4 (1811). G. gracilis Willd. loc. cit.

t. 9. £.5 (1811). G. Stelleri Ledeb. ex Spreng. Syst. Veg. ii. 773 (1825) ;

Cham. § Schlecht. Linnaea 1. 563 (1827) ; Choisy in DC. Prodr. xii.

25 (1848) ; Ledeb. Flor. Hoss. iii. 332 (1849). G. borealis var. inter

Lenam et Oceanum lect. Pall. It. iii. 711 (1776).

Arctic SiperiaA and Arctic AMERICA.

8. Lacoris cuauca Gaertn. ampl.

Himataya; Srperia; Moncoria; Norta-West AMERICA.

vaR. typica. Lagotis glauca Gaertn. Nov. Comm. Acad. Petrop.

xiv. 534, t. 18 (1770) ; Rupr. Sert. Tianschan 64 (1870) ; Rolfe, Journ.

Linn. Soc. xx. 349 (1884). Veronica foliis inferioribus ovatis crenatis,

superioribus rotundis mucronatis, caule spica terminato Gmel. Flor.

Sibir. iii. 219 n. 33 (1768). Bartsia Gymnandra Linn. f. Suppl. 278

(1781) in parte; Willd. Sp. Pl. iti. 186 (1800) in parte; Pursh, Flor.

Amer. Septen. ii. 430 (1814). Gymnandra elongata Willd. Gesell. Nat.

Fr. Berlin Mag. v. 395 t. 10. £. 7 (1811). G. ovata Willd. loc. cit. 395

t. 10. f. 8 (1811). G.reniformis Willd. loc. cit. 396 t. 10. f. 9 (1811).

G. Gmelini Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea, ii. 561 (1827); Hook. Flor.

Bor. Amer. ii. 102 (1836); Choisy in DC. Prodr. xii. 25 (1848) ; Ledeb.

Flor. Ross. iii. 332 (1849). G. borealis var. in Kamtschatka et ins.

Beringii Pall. It. in. 711 (1776). L. glauca var. typica Trautv. Act.

Hort. Petrop. v. 95 (1877) in parte. l. glauca suB-se. borealis VAR.

Gmelini Maxim. Mel. Biol. xi. 298 (1881).

Eastern SrperiaA; KamrscuatKa; Norta-WeEst AMERICA.

var. Pallasi Trautv. Enum. Pl. Schrenk. 875 (1866). Lagotis

Pallasii Rupr. Sert. Tianschan. 64 (1870); Rolfe, Journ. Linn. Soc. xx.

349 (1884). Bartsia Gymnandra Linn. fil. Suppl. 278 (1781) in parte ;

Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 186 (1800) im parte. Gymnandra borealis Pall. It.

ii. 710 t. A. f. 1 (1776); Choisy in DC. Prodr. xii. 25 (1848) syn.

G. elongata Willd. eaclus. G. integrifolia Willd. Gesell. Nat. Fr. Berlin

Mag. v. 392 t. 9, f. 1 (1811). G.altaica Willd. loc. cit. 393. t. 9, £. 2

(1811); Bunge in Ledeb. Fl. Altaic. 1. 420 (1830). G. Pallasii Cham.

& Schlecht. Linnaea ii. 564 (1827). G. longiflora Kar. § Kir. Enum.

Pl. Soongar. 148 (1840). Paederota borealis Lamk. Voy. Pall. ed. Gall.

App. 227 (1793). Lagotis glauca suB-sr. borealis vAR. Pallasi Mazxim.

Mel. Biol. xi, 298 (1881).

1896. ] D. Prain— Two additional species of Lagotis. 65

Roussi4 to SrperiaA; Turkestan to Moncoria.

var. kunawarensis Hook. fil. Flor. Brit. Ind. iv. 560 (1885).

Gymnandra kunawarensis Royle in Benth. Scroph. Ind. 47 (1835) ;

Choisy, DC. Prodr. xii. 25 (1848). Lagotis glauca sus-sp. australis

Mazim. Mel. Biol. xi. 298 (1881) in parte.

Norrs-West Himaraya; Rajhoti, north of Kamaon, 15,000 feet,

Strachey & Winterbottom. Kunawar, 12-15,000 feet, Royle. Laka,

Edgeworth! Garhwal, King! Kamaon, near Bidang in the Dhauli Valley,

11=15,000 feet, Duthie n. 3262! Garhwal, at Owrie Gadh in the Nila

Valley, 14-15,000 feet, Duthie n. 572! Kashmir; Astore at Harpookund

pass, Winterbottom n. 792! Baltistan at Marpu Nullah, 13-15,000 feet,

Duthie n. 11801! at Golteri Nullah in the Shingo Valley, 11,000 feet,

Duthie n. 11862! Also specimens with white flowers in Karpuchu

Valley, at 13-14,000 feet, Duthie !

var. sikkimensis Hook. fil. Flor. Brit. Ind. iv. 560 (1885).

Srxxim; Jongri Watt! G. Gammie! King’s Collectors ! Gnatong

Cummins! Cuumut, at Natoot, King’s Collectors! below Ghora-la,

Waddell’s Collectors !

9. Lacotis specraBitis Hook. fil. Flor. Brit. Ind. iv. 560 (1885).

Gymnandra spectabilis Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. pt. 2, 80 (1870).

Sixxim: Phalloot, 14-15,000 feet T. Thomson! Kurz! G. Gammie!

King’s Collector !

This form the writer had found it difficult to separate from ZL. glauca var.

sikkimensis by any good characters, the leading difference between the two being

the larger stem-leaves of L. spectabilis, Mr. Rolfe, however, writes that it is

“doubtful if they are identical, though nearly allied ;’ for the present, therefore

it seems better to follow Sir J. Hooker in giving the plant specific rank. This

appears to be a very local form, all our gatherings coming from the same neighbour-

hood ; one striking peculiarity which it exhibits is that the specimens dry a pale

straw colour, all the other forms of Lagotis drying black.

10. Lagotis previrusa Maxim. Bull. Acad. Imp. Petersb. xxvii.

524 (1881).

WESTERN CHINA.

11. Lacoris Koro.xowi Maxim. Bull. Acad, Imp. Petersb. xxvii.

524 (188]). Gymnandra Korolkowi Regel § Schmalh, Act. Hort. Petrop.

v. 627 (1877).

TourKESTAN: ALatTau Mrs.

12. Lacoris stotonirera Maxim. Bull. Acad. Imp. Petersb. xxvii.

524 (1881). Gymnandra stolonifera C. Koch. Linnaea, xvii. 289 (1843) ;

Ledeb. Flor. Ross. iii. 333 (1849); Jaub. & Spach, Ill. t. 254 (1849) ;

Boiss. Flor. Or. iv. 527 (1879); Actchison, Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 85

J. u. 9

66 J. Bhaduri—Transformation of [No. 2,

(1880); Hook. fil. Flor. Brit. Ind. iv. 558 (1885). G. armena Boiss.

Diagn. ser. i. iv. 75 (1844) ; Choisy in DO. Prodr, xii. 26 (1848).

Asta Minor; ARmMEeNtIA; PersrA; AFGHANISTAN; WAZIRISTAN.

13. Lacoris BracuystacHya Maaxim. Bull. Acad. Imp. Petersb. xxvii.

525 (1881).

WesTERN CHINA.

T EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Puate I. Lagotis pharica Prain.

1. Bract. 2. Flower showing 2-lobed calyx: corolla with 3-fid lower lip and

each lobe of upper lip again 2-fid. 8. Flower showing 2-lobed calyx: corolla with

only 2-fid lower lip, and each lobe of upper lip again 3-fid. 4. Corolla with 3-fid

lower, and 2-fid upper lip, laid open. 5. Stamens. 6. Ovary and style. 7. Ripe

fruit. 8. The same opened. 9. Seed. All enlarged.

PuatEe II. Lagotis crassifolia Prain.

1. Bract and calyx, corolla removed. 2. Corolla laid open, with stamens and

pistil. 3. Ripe fruit. 4. Fruit opened, exposing seed. 5. Seeds. All enlarged.

On the Transformation of Hypochlorites to Chlorates: being the Ellott

Prize Essay for 1895.—By JyotinnusHan Buapuri, M.A., Ofg.

Demonstrator of Chemistry in the Presidency College, Calcutta.

[Read March 1896.]

ContTENTSs.

Introduction Se AoE “i so 66

Estimation of chlorates 300 500 aa seh OM

+ hypochlorites ... 500 so sob

Action of chlorine on sodic hydrate sie ernie ic

Transformation of sodic hypochlorite in the dark (cold) Benches £

Transformation at 100° C in the dark ti $05 riers"

Introductory.

The transformation of hypochlorites to chlorates is familiar to

every student of Chemistry. Though some exact knowledge has been

+ [Additional note: 21.5.96. In Acta Hort. Petrop. xiv., received in Herb.

Calc. since the foregoing was printed, M. Batalin describes (l.c 177) a new species,

Lagotis ramalana, clearly very distinct from any of the preceding. Its place in the

key should be next after L. pharica, the diagnosis being as follows :—

Scape leafy, heads oblong, flowers shorter than bracts, leaf-blades one-third as

long as petioles ; upper lip of corolla deeply divided; plants 8-15 cm. high......

200 .....80. L pharica.

Scape leafless, heads globose, flowers longer than bracts, leaf-blades nearly as

long as petioles; upper lip entire or only emarginate; plants only 3°5 cm. high

Seclsueiee settehste 3* L. ramalana.

3* Lagoris RAMALANA, Batalin, Acta Hort. Petrop. xiv. 177 (1895).

HASTERN TIBET. |

" by K

Lith

eet

’

1896. ] Hypochlorites to Chlorates. 67

gamed in this direction by the researches of Lunge and Landolt (Society

of Chemical Industrial, Journal 1885, 722) on the transformation of

bleach-liquor into calcium chlorate—a subject vitally connected with

the manufacture of potassium chlorate—yet the circumstances under

which the change takes place have not been satisfactorily explained.

To throw light on them the following investigation has been undertaken.

The instability of the hypochlorites, &c., and the absence of charac-

terestic tests for their presence, render their detection, separation and

direct estimation extremely difficult. Hypochlorites and chlorates when

present in a mixture had always been indirectly estimated.

Before the present investigation was undertaken the methods that

have been employed were tested as to their correctness. As. measuring

of liquids by means of pipettes, even when very carefully graduated,

is attended with several sources of error, all the test solutions were

made by weight.

Estimation of chlorates.

Three distinct methods were employed :—

G). Reduction of chlorates by zinc copper couple. The solution

was filtered, and as the residue invariably contained traces of chloride

in the form of insoluble zine oxychloride, it was acidified with pure

dilute nitric acid and thoroughly washed. The precipitated zinc hydrate

(there being always free alkali present) was dissolved by the addition

of more acid, and then the solution was digested with precipitated

calcium carbonate and estimated gravimetrically as silver chloride, or

volumetrically by standard silver nitrate solution.

(11). (a) Digestion with stannous chloride in hydrochloric acid

solution, and titration of the excess by permanganate.

(6) Digestion with ferrous sulphate precipitated iby alcohol,

and titration of the residual iron by bichromate or permanganate. The

purity of the ferrous sulphate was tested by igniting the salt in a

platinum crucible and weighing as oxide. The results were highly

satisfactory. Thus :—

SSS SS SS SES

: Percentage of Fe | Calculated per-

WUE EAE GE Salt | Wa aie Iie) (05: as determined. centage of Be.

18710 grams ...| 05400 gm. 20:20

BOTs 5s, Bist HONG dt) 20°19 20-15

Ely, seal OAaOt a5, 20°20

The slightly higher result was due to slight efflorescence of the salt.

Tn actual analysis the salt was dissolved in dilute sulphuric acid, the

68 J. Bhaduri—Transformation of [No. 2

trace of “ic” iron reduced by a small crystal of sodium sulphite and the

solution freely boiled to expel every trace of sulphur dioxide. After

the precipitation of iron as ferrous hydrate, by pure sodic hydrate, the

alkaline chlorate was added. The whole was then boiled for a few

minutes. When the reduction of tle chlorate was complete, hydro-

chloric acid was added to redissolve the precipitate. Reduction in

alkaline solution was found imperative. Many experiments were lost

owing to the evolution of distinct amounts of chlorine in the attempt

to effect the reduction in presence of free sulphuric and hydrochloric

acids. In all cases, however, the boiling of solutions and subsequent

cooling and titration were effected in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide.

Objections have been raised by Fresenius that titrations by per-

manganate are not admissible in presence of free hydrochloric acid, or

chloride and sulphuric acid. They have, however, been disputed by

Dr. Fleischer. The liberation of free chlorine can be entirely prevented,

according to Zimmermann, by the presence of a sufficient quantity of

manganous sulphate, so that the determinations are rendered more exact.

My own observations have led me to believe that the results are perfectly

concordant when the titrations are made in cold dilute solutions and in

presence of not too large an excess of free hydrochloric acid. When excess

is suspected, it is to be partially neutralised with pure sodic carbonate,

but care must always be taken to maintain the solution acid, otherwise

the volume of permanganate required will be appreciably higher. To

establish the above points the following experiments were performed :—

A. Without hydrochloric acid (that present being in stannous

chloride).

(i) 10:230 gms. of Sn Cl,=51:20 c.c. Permanganate

(11) 0897 ” ” =29°40 ,, 29

Gi) 522599; py Are 5 53

. 10 gms. Sn C],=49-97 c.c. Permanganate.

B. With 1 cc. strong hydrochloric acid for 5 ¢.c. stannous chloride

solution present.

(i) 5°39 gms. of Sn Cl,=26'90 c.c. Permanganate

(11) 75 ” ” =37°45 9 ”

(Gon) FE oy oy satus) 5 5

.. 10 gms. Sn Cl,=49°91 c.c. Permanganate.

It is evident from the results given above, that the difference

between two series of experiments (0:06 in 50) is very slight, and can

be accounted for as errors of experiments.

The following analysis of ferrous ammonium sulphate shows strik-

ing concordance of the results :-—

(i) 11054 gms. of the double salt in presence of 2 c.c. concen-

8 ie Hypochlorites to Chlorates. 69

trated sulphuric acid and 2 c.c. hydrochloric acid, required 282 c.c. per-

manganate, or 0:'0392 gm=1 c.c. permanganate.

(ii) 1:4874 ems. of the double salt in presence of dilute sulphuric

acid only required 37:9 c.c. permanganate, or 0'03924 gm.=1 ¢.c. per-

manganate.

These two numbers are very nearly the same, and in fact agree

more than might be expected. Other estimations gave precisely similar

results.

Having thus convinced myself of the applicability of the perman-

ganate method in hydrochloric acid solution, a solution of pure potas-

sium chlorate containing 0°01 gm. of available oxygen per gram of the

solution was made, and the following test experiments performed.

Two grams of the dried chlorate when ignited left a residue of 1:2176

grams of KCl. Therefore oxygen present is 39°12 °/, while the calcula-

ted quantity is 39°16 °/,. Also 1 ¢.c. Sn Cl, is equal to 6°35 c.c. perman-

ganate, and 1 grm. permanganate is equal to 0'00554 gm. Iron.

Gi) 15°68 gms. Sn C1,+5:055 gms. KCI1O, required 35°8 c.c. per-

manganate.

.. Available oxygen= (15°68 x 6:35 — 35'8) x

=0:05047 gm.

(ii) 16:149 gms. Sn Cl,+5:014gms. KC10O,=39'1 c.c. permanganate.

.. Available oxygen=0:05026 gm.

(iii) 3°41 gms. double salt+5'047 gms. KC10,=24-2 c.c. perman-

ganate = 24-2 x 0:0054=0'1341 gm. Iron.

“. 5047 gms. KC10,=0:05043 gms. oxygen.

(iv) 312 gms. double salt+5-039 gms. KC1O,=17 c.c. perman-

ganate.

00554

“. 5039 gms. KC1O, =0:05036 oxygen.

Ferrous Ammonio-

METHOD OF EXPERIMENT. | Sn Cl, method. Sulphate method.

No. of experiment cob Soe | ii | II III IV

Estimated value se ...| 0:05047 | 0:05026 | 0:05043 | 0:05036

Calculated value ae ..» | 0°05055 0:05014 0:05047 0:05039

(iii) The solution of the chlorate was distilled with pure concen-

trated hydrochloric acid in Bunsen’s distilling bulb. Various other

acids (boric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, sulphuric acid) were tried.

The first three failed to decompose the chlorate. As calcite was used

to carry off the chlorine, &c., from the bulb to the absorption apparatus,

70 J. Bhaduri— Transformation of [No. 2,

the apparatus had to be modified. In one form the solution of chlorate

and pieces of calcite were introduced into the bulb and then a thin

test tube filled with hydrochloric acid and sufficiently narrow to

pass through the mouth, was introduced. The apparatus was

adjusted, and then slightly inclined to allow the acid to decompose

the chlorate, &c. In the second form, pieces of calcite were

introduced in the leading tube and the chlorate in the bulb, both being

held in a horizontal position. The acid was then rapidly introduced

and immediately afterwards the stopper was replaced, the apparatus

being still in horizontal position. The other end was then introduced

into the absorption bulb and the whole apparatus made vertical. The

results obtained by these methods are perfectly concordant, but the

second method is more expeditious than the first. The quantity of acid

must be in excess (about 5 c.c. strong hydrochloric acid for 2 to 3 c.c. of

potassium chlorate solution). When marble was used, the small quant-

ity of chlorine which oxidised the “ ous” iron to “ic” iron was calculated

and added to the available oxygen. ‘The liberated iodine was transferred

to a porcelain dish, and titrated by thiosulphate standardised by solid

iodine purified by Stas’s method.

1 ec. Thiosulphate=0°01272 om. fodine.

Number of experiment. HI, | Il. | IIT. IV. | Vv.

Weight of KC10; solution used _... | 2°5 gms.| 2°5 gms./ 3 gms. | 8 gms. | 3 gms.

Vol. of strong HCl added .. | 5 ¢.c. 5 c.c. 5 c.c. 5 c.c. 5 c.c.

Vol. of Thiosulphate required ... [31 °25c.c./31°15 c.c.| 37°3 c.c.| 37-4 c.c.| 37°3 c.c.

i = aa -— | — ~~ =

31:2 : 37°33

Mean

Hence 1 gm. of KC]IO,=12'48 c.c. of thiosulphate solution from I

and II, and 12°44 c¢.c. from III, IV and V. Thus taking 12°46 as the

mean the amount of available oxygen = 12°46 x ‘01272 x 8, =0:01002

em. The actual quantity of available oxygen=00l gm. Hence all

the three methods gave equally accurate results and preference was

given to one or the other, as circumstances required.

Estimation of hypochlorites.

Hypochlorous acid as well as hypochlorites can be estimated in

exactly the same way as chlorates. In this case ferrous sulphate and

not the double salt should be used, asa part of the ammonia might

be completely decomposed liberating free nitrogen, thus causing a loss

of chlorine. Chlorates may be expected to liberate nitrogen, but my

own experiments prove that no such decomposition actually takes place.

1896. ] Hypochlorites to Chlorates. 71

The preparation of hypochlorites in a weighable state, so that the

available chlorine can be calculated, is almost impossible. Kingzett

obtained crystals of very nearly pure calcium hypochlorite (Journ. Chem.

Soe., [2]. 18, 404) containing an unknown number of molecules of water.

The greatest precautions as to increase of temperature, contact with dust

and exposure to actinic rays, can not prevent decomposition when

hypochlorites are evaporated im vacuéd over sulphuric acid. No direct

evidence can therefore be adduced to test one method or the other.

Concordance of results as obtained by different methods is the only test.

Tt has already been stated that phosphoric acid failed to decompose

chlorates. Similar experiments were performed with the result that the

whole of the hypochlorous acid was carried along with carbon dioxide into

the absorption apparatus, and liberated iodine from potassium iodide.

The residue (when chlorate was likewise present) when distilled with

pure hydrochloric acid gave the chlorine of the chlorate. Direct estim:

ation of chlorate and hypochlorite in a mixture containing the same is

thus rendered possible and practicable.

Hypochlorites can also be estimated by the action of potassium

iodide in acid (HCl or Hz PQ,) solution.

To test whether any free oxygen is liberated from the decomposi-

tion of hypochlorous acid, the apparatus, as given in the annexed

diagram (Plate II1) was used.

The distilling bulb, parts of which were all fitted by grinding,

contained water and pieces of marble or calcite (freed from air by boil-

ing with water) introduced through A. Through B, a solution of

potassium iodide was introduced in C, so that the level was slightly

below the open end of the tube C. The UY tube contained a more

dilute solution of the same. Air from the apparatus was expelled by

passing carbon dioxide though D, and when the bubbles were perfectly

absorbed by potash solution contained in the gas measuring tube in the

mercurial trough, the stop cock S was closed, and the solution of hypo-

chlorite introduced in the bulb H. As the pressure inside the apparatus

was greater than the atmospheric pressure, the solution was introduced

by a very careful blowing, and then the sides carefully washed down.

Pare syrupy phosphoric acid was similarly introduced, the stop cock S

closed, and the bulb slowly heated to boiling on an asbestos board.

The hypochlorous acid along with the carbon dioxide generated inside the

apparatus passed through the solution. Iodine was thus liberated.

Evolution of carbon dioxide was kept steady, but even after an hour

no oxygen was found in the measuring tube. Hence no loss of chlorine

takes place when hypochlorous acid is distilled with phosphoric acid .

in dilute solution.

72 J. Bhaduri—Transformation of [No. 2,

Action of acids on potassium todide.

Having had frequent occasion to notice the slight colouration of

potassium iodide, both in the solid state and in solution, the action of

dilute acids such as had been used in previous estimations was tried.

Potassium iodide as ordinarily sold for medicinal purposes is decom-

posed by most acids—pure dilute phosphoric, hydrochloric, sulphuric,

acetic acids, &c, It has been asserted (Fresenius’s (Quantitative Analysis,

seventh edition, p. 104) that the pure iodide should not liberate iodine

by the action of dilute sulphuric acid. This statement appears to be

incorrect. Various samples, purified according to different methods, to

remove the iodate (reduction by sodium amalgam, fusion with and

without charcoal, and crystallization from alcohol) gave invariably the

blue colouration with starch paste and dilute sulphuric acid. Water

boiled and cooled in absence of air was used to prevent the action of

dissolved oxygen. The amount of iodine which was thus liberated,

when the titrations were made in dilute solutions, was however too

small to affect the accuracy of results, and hence no blank experiments

were necessary.

The distillation (with hydrochloric acid) method is equally applic-

able, but greater precautions are necessary owing to the ready decom-

position of hypochlorites. The hypochlorite which I had to use being

mixed with excess of free alkali, previous acidification was necessary.

When dilute hydrochloric acid was used, free chlorine was liberated, a

small portion of which escaped before potassium iodide was added.

Hence the operation was performed in a closed vessel. A mixture of a

solution of potassium iodide and dilute phosphoric acid was found to act

equally well, and gave results identical with the first. It also simplified

the operation. When however the iodide was added first, and then the

acid, invariably a greater quantity of iodine was liberated. Mixtures

containing different quantities of chloride, chlorate, hypochlorite and

free alkali were analysed, and the following results obtained :—

: | ;

Volume of |Volume of thiosulphate used) Volume of thiosulphate used

solution used. (first KI and then acid (a mixture of KI and

being added.) acid being added).

Th, coo | LO Ge ... | 33°1 c.c, (mean of three) ... | 32 8 c.c. (mean of three).

II. ... | 10 c.c. ... | 28°88 c.c. (mean of five) ... | 28°6 c.c. (mean of three),

Ill. ...|10c.c. ... | 29°00 c.c. (mean of two) ... | 28°8 c.c. (mean of two).

IVs 00 || LOG ... | 87°50 c.c. (mean of three)... | 37°2 c.c. (mean of three).

Plate

n. As. Soe. Bengal, Vol. LXV pt. 2, 1896

, vJour

e ahadunt

- “

SSSSSSSSSS

—

——

j Il wun

‘

— —— ——————— et — ee ee

a Me) Ta al lla | al Ve

{

arn

m2 Us,

“wont sochuozep 2bozus2og

Bahaduri, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, Vol. LXV. Pt.2 1896 AUT Enel

; hy : dant)

Be slttined.:

| EES RSRRERER

_ JGR eee

eet ht bee pe

__ Jae rial An [| | i

PLATE V.

Ee RACE

3 SEVaGme: ~

2 ceases:

SCA

PSEC CUCUN a

PORE CECA

SehGSSSGGNCE5 2

SSeS

mot NO

SE SE ANS

ooo

ECCe LT

Percentage re ittiorLe

. Bengal, Vol. LXV. Pt.2, 1896

Bahaduri, Journal As. Soe

1896. ] Hypochlorites to Chlorates. 73

It is evident from the above table that results from operations

(a) and (0) differ to a small extent, about 1 to 1:5°/,. The cause of this

disagreement has not been investigated.

Most of the methods described above give the available chlorine

in a mixture of chlorate and hypochlorite. Direct titration by potas-

sium iodide and dilute acid originally introduced by Bunsen, but modi-

fied by Wagner, is said to give chlorine of the hypochlorite even in

presence of chlorates. Hxperiments prove the contrary. In fact, tacit

assumption of the accuracy of the method gave me the greatest trouble.

Higher results were always obtained with thiosulphate than with arsenite

or distillation (with H, PO,) method. The following table gives the

results of some of the analyses :—

Vol. of thio- =

Vol. sulphate with peice oe

or weight of , a mixture of b aes REMARKS.

solution. KI T cenaten

and H,POQ,. :

I ..| 5ec. ... | 17°66 c.c.... | 17°28 ec.... | The solution was kept fora few

days in diffused light.

PeeWee. a0.) 21S CiCe wee | Zhe CiC.) ..,

PE EOG.Gat scl 201K C.C. olan |, 20'S) C.C, ¥ 62.

HVE IO omg. ¢.. |) 20'0C:G. 1...) || 20: 4:01C.C lees

V..{10cc. ...{198ecc. ...|194¢c. ... | The solution was kept for a month

in the dark.

VI ...Jj10cc. ...)/109 cc. ...,| 108°4c.c.... | A strong solution kept for five

days in the dark.

VIL ...j/10cce. .../171lec. ...| 171ec. ... | Freshly prepared solution of hy-

pochlorite which contained only

a trace of chlorate.

Hypochlorites in presence of chlorates, best estumated by Penot’s method.

The method then can give approximate but not accurate results.

Todine separates out from an acid solution of potassium iodide in pre-

sence of a chlorate, the quantity increasing with duration of contact,

temperature, amount of free acid and of chlorate, and other circum-

stances. The conditions are rather too numerous to be maintained

unchanged during the course of several analyses. In fact, at the boiling

temperature in a sealed tube, the decomposition is complete, and chlo-

rates may be estimated from the free iodine, a blank experiment being

made for the iodine separated owing to the action of the acid on potas-

* The volume of thiosulphate is calculated from its determined relation with

arsenite.

Jeune LO

74 J. Bhaduri—Transformation of [No. 2,

sium iodide. Alkaline solutions on the other hand remain perfectly

unaltered in a boiling solution of a chlorate. In this respect the be-

haviour of potassium iodide as to liberation of iodine is exactly similar

to the oxidation of arsenious oxide (arsenites) to arsenic oxide (arseni-

ates). Arsenites in alkaline solution are readily oxidised by hypochlo-

rites, but are without any action upon chlorates. Hence only Penot’s

method was found applicable. The solution which had been used being

strongly alkaline owing to the presence of free sodic hydrate, separation

of the latter was necessary before potassium iodide could be added.

This was attempted to prevent the spotting operation in Penot’s process.

Direct estimation however proved abortive. Mercurie chloride, copper

sulphate, &c., were used to separate the alkali in the form of insoluble

hydrates or oxides, but part of the hypochlorite seemed to be decom-

posed precipitating oxychlorides. When magnesium sulphate was used,

magnesium hydrate was precipitated, but on subsequent addition of

potassium iodide, the liberated iodine combined with the hydrate, ren-

dering the process useless.

ACTION OF CHLORINE ON SODIC HYDRATE.

Preparation of sedic hypochlorite:

The hypochlorite was made by passing washed chlorine through a

solution of sodic hydrate made from metallic sodium. Its strength in

different experiments varied from 1:5 to 25 °/,. The temperature at

which absorption took place also varied from 25° C. to 33° C., and the

passage of the gas continued in some experiments for four to five hours.

The solution in dilute condition was colourless, but hada greenish

yellow colour in a more concentrated form. It had a distinct and

peculiar smell unlike chlorine. This was so characteristic that the

intensity of odour gave an appoximate idea of the strength of hypochlo-

rite present in a solution. Though the solution was strongly alkaline

owing to the presence of free alkali, yet immediate liberation of iodine

from a solution of potassium iodide took place. The solution imstantly

turned the brilliant surface of mercury yellowish red, oxychloride of mer-

cury being produced. In connection with this it was further observed

that the colour changed in the course of few hours from greenish yellow

to purple, even when kept in the dark. This was due to the powerful

oxidising and solvent action of hypochlorites in alkaline solution. The

manganous silicate contained in the glass was oxidised, even in the

strongly alkaline solution, and in presence of a chloride, and converted

into sodium permanganate. A solution of sodic hydrate however did

not under like conditions turn purple. As these experiments were

performed in the dark room, the transformation (see pp. 76-79), had

there been any, must have been insignificant. —

Hypochlorites to Chlorates.

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76 J. Bhaduri—Transformation of [No. 2,

In order to study the action of chlorine on a solution of sodic

hydrate, a certain volume of freshly prepared solution of sodium hypo-

chlorite, prepared as before, was reduced either by zinc copper couple

or alkaline ferrous hydrate, and the total chlorine estimated volume-

trically by standard silver nitrate. The hypochlorite and chlorate were

then estimated separately as detailed in previous sections. The per-

centage of alkali was estimated by (i) titration with semi-normal hydro-

chloric acid (before passing chlorine), and (ii) converting into anhydrous

sodium sulphate and weighing as such. These experiments were re-

peated at least twice with the same solution. On page 76 the results

of analyses (about fifty) are given in a tabular form. Results from

columns (d) and (e)—available chlorine of hypochlorite and chlorate,

have been added, and put in (f), side by side with (g) which represents

the total chlorine.

Solutions from iii. to ix. all turned purple when kept in litre flasks.

The colour was due to the formation of permanganate, the glass of the

vessels used furnishing the manganese. The last five sets of experi-

ments were performed at temperatures which were decidedly lower

(some 5° C) than the temperatures of the first four sets of experi-

ments. It is clear from the above table that the amount of chlorate

which is formed in solution up to 7 °/, of concentration (free NaOH)

is insignificant, and hence the following equation represents under

the above mentioned circumstances the action of chlorine on sodium

hydrate :—

2 NaOH + Cl,=NaOCl+NaCl+ HOH.

Above 10 °/, concentration, the secondary reaction—transformation

—becomes more distinct, and when the concentration exceeds 20 °/,, time

becomes an important factor in bringing about the change. In the

course of one series of experiments such a solution which was kept in

the dark showed a change of only 6 °/, in twenty-four hours. When,

however, chlorine was passed for about an hour the change in another

part of the same solution amounted to 1°5 °/,. Evidently then the

presence of free alkali retards the transformation. This fact will be

noticed in the next section, dealing with the transformation in the dark.

Transformation of the cold solution in the dark.

Temperature 25-28°C.

A number of tubes containing definite volumes of hypochlorite

solution of known strength was sealed and kept in closed drawers in the

photographic room of the laboratory in which sometimes yellow and

1896.] Hypochlorites to Chlorates. 77

sometimes red rays entered. Some of them were exhausted, and some

contained air. Several stoppered bottles and flasks were also used, and

the experiments lasted for three months. They were dividedinto three

sets :-—

(i) Those exposed in orange yellow rays.

(ii) Those exposed to ruby rays.

(ii) Those kept in absolute darkness.

The solution in all the three sets of experiments, on examination,

was found to change colour, from colourless and pale yellow to colourless

and distinct pink. Flakes of silica separated in those tubes in which

the contact was prolonged. On shaking, the solution turned milky owing

to the separation of minute air-bubles (capable of rekindling a glowing

chip of wood—hence oxygen). They, however, disappeared after few

minutes leaving the solution clear. The following preliminary experi-

ment was performed.

In a 250 c.c. flask closed with an india-rubber stopper and provided

with a delivery tube, 200 c.c. of a strongly alkaline solution of sodium

hypochlorite was introduced, care being taken not to allow any trace

of the solution to come in contact with the stopper. The open end of

the delivery tube dipped under mercury in a mercurial trough above

which a measuring tube filled with mercury was placed. The apparatus

was kept in situ for two weeks. After the expiration of the above period

the solution was examined. The colour did not sensibly change, al-

. though the temperature varied from 28° to 33° C. No gas was found in

the tube. On shaking, however, minute bubles of gas were liberated,

but the quantity of oxygen was too small to overcome the mercurial

pressure.

10 c.c. original solution contained 0:2191 gram of available chlo-

rine of hypochlorite and 0:0045 gram of chlorate, making in all 0°2236

gram. The sample contained 0:2245 gram of chlorine (total). Con-

siderable difference, however, was observed when the solution was ana-

lysed after two weeks, 0°1987 gram of chlorine of hypochlorite and

0:0242 of chlorate were found. The total available chlorine was thus

02229 gram, a quantity very nearly the same as before. The experi-

ment was repeated with fresh solution, the duration in this case being

a week. Hxactly similar results were obtained. Liberation of oxygen

was beyond doubt. Several other qualitative experiments were made

by keeping solutions in the so-called condensation tubes provided with

stopcocks. All these have led me to the same conclusion. The follow-

ing table contains some of the results of the analysis (expressed in

gvams). In order to simplify comparison the available chlorine has

been expressed in terms of oxygen.

[ No. 2,

‘

101% O

J. Bhaduri—Transformat

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1896. } Hypochlorites to Chlorates. 79

From the above it is evident that a solution of sodium hypochlorite

slowly decomposes even when kept in absolute darkness. The rate of

decomposition increases with the refrangibility of the rays. Yellow

rays are far more powerful than red rays. The transformation is one

into chlorate and free oxygen.

The experiment was repeated with a 5 per cent. solution of sodic

hydrate. It was saturated with chlorine and the excess of chlorine

carefully removed by bubling dry air (free from carbonic acid) through

the solution. A solution of hypochlorite containing free alkali was then

cautiously added drop by drop so long as the smell of chlorine persisted.

Non-existence of free chlorine was proved by the mercury reaction.

The solution was so unstable that no systematic experiment was found

possible. Jn the course of an hour it changed its titre by several per-

cents. It was kept in a brown stoppered bottle in the dark room.

After some three hours the stopper was removed, when a distinct smell

of chlorine was perceived. The liberation of chlorine increased with

time, but there seemed to bea limit. On shaking, however, the smell

very nearly disappeared, but the absorption of chlorine by the free

alkali which must have been simultaneously formed was never complete.

The behaviour of sodium hypochlorite in aqueous solution is very

peculiar. Under ordinary circumstances in presence of free alkali it

decomposes into free oxygen and a chloride, a chlorate being at the

same time formed. In the other case it seems to dissociate into free

chlorine and free alkali.

Influence of pressure.

The action of pressure on a solution of sodium hypochlorite is .

interesting. Minute bubbles of oxygen are given up when diffused light

acts on it for some time. Since sodium hydrate dissolves notable quan-

tities of free oxygen, these bubbles are not seen until after some time.

When, however, a tube containing some of the above solution is exhaust-

ed of air (pressure 5-6 cm. of mercury) the decomposition is accelerated

and a regular evolution of oxygen begins, so much so as to render the

solution slightly milky.

TRANSFORMATION IN THE DARK AT A TEMPERATURE OF 100° C.

The methods adopted in these experiments were very nearly identi-

cal with the previous ones. The tubes were, however, stouter, as a good

deal of internal pressure was produced in some of these experiments

owing to the generation of a comparatively large volume of gas. In

fact, when the duration of heating was prolonged to some fifteen to

twenty hours, some of the tubes exploded, thus rendering a whole set

OP cob er

A. ii.

A. iii.

J. Bhaduri—Transformation of

(Before

[No. 2,

(d) e

5 (2) (b) Pipmeioraa 9 ve Helge nae of

ercentage P tion.) é

ercentage of = hypochlorite | transformed

or NaiOvGh | weeny et not hy pochlo-

free Na OH. i) : hypochlorite Erahefornen bes e

in gms, as i ;

oxygen.

After one |hour’s heating in the |steam bath |(temperature

12°400 5'520 0'12400 0:06690 0:05710

6:200 2°760 0:06200 005240 0°00960

3°100 1:380 0:03100 0:02690 000410

1:550 0°690 0:01550 0:01224 0°00330

0775 0°345 000775 0:00579 000196

After threejhours’ heating in the |steam bath |(temperature

12-400 9'520 0°12400 0:03610 00879

6:200 2°760 0:06200 064080 0°0212

3°100 1:380 003100 0°02230 0°0087

1°550 0:690 0:01550 0:00971 0:0057

0775 0°345 0:00775 000455 - 000320

After six and °a half} hours’ heatimg in the | steam bath

12°400 5'520 0°12400 0:01324. 0°11076

6°200 2°760 0:06200 00294 0:0326

3'100 1:380 0:03100 0:01737 0-01363

1550 0°690 0°01550 0:00711 0:00839

0775 0345 0:00775 0:00253 0:00522

After one jand a half} hours’ heating in the] steam bath

8400 8°72 01956 00764 071192

4-200 4°36 0:0978 0:0703 0:0275

2°100 2:18 0.0489 00395 0:00935

1:050 1:09 0 02144, 0°0189 0°0055

0:575 0°545 0:01222 0°00794 0:00428

After two /hours’ heating im the |steam_ bath |(temperature

8°400 : 0:1956 0°U637 0°1319

4,200 4:36 0:0978 0:0670 0:0308

2°100 218 0:0489 0°366 0°0123

1:050 1:09 002444 0:0175 0-00691

0:575 0°545 001222 000715 0:00507

After four |hours’ heating in the |steam bath |(temperature

ol 3 0:0705 0:0352 0°0353

After one jand a half} hours’ heating in the/water bath

3°200 69 0°1545 0°11696 0:03754

1-600 3°45 0:0774 0:06625 001115

1:065 2°30 00515 0:0463 0:0052

0°800 1°72 0:0387 0:03705 0:00168

0°640 1:38 0°0309 0:02815 0:00275

0°400 0°86 001931 0701545 0:00386

1896.]

(f)

Percentage

decomposition.

100° to 100°5°C).

Hypochlorites to Chlorates.

to 100°5°C).

46 95 c.c.

15°5 2°6 c.c.

129

21°

25:3

100° to 100°5|°C).

709 19°2 c.c.

342 6:5 c.c.

29° 31 c.c.

36'8

41:3

(temperature 1\00°

89-4 29 c.c

526 1l5ec

44-7 5°5 c.c

54-7 4-2 c.c

67°4

(temperature 100° to 100°5°C).

61° 7 c.c.

28°4. 5 c.c.

19°3 4c.c.

22°7 2°5 C.c.

35°

100° to 100°5°C).

671 22°5 c.c.

30°7 T cc.

25° 55 €.c.

27-5

42°35

100° to 100°5°C).

50° OL exer

(temperature 98/° to 100°C.)

243 9 c.c.

14°4 6 c.c.

101 3cc.

43 iecs

8:9

20°

Je be ED

(9) (h)

Volume of free |Weight of oxygen

oxygen.

of chlorate.

0:0445

0:0089

006044;

0-0119

0:0043

0°0693

0-0160

0:00577

0:00239

0:0949

0:0203

0:00363

000193

0:0997

0°0208

000444

0:0196

0:02467

0:00257

0:00091

0:000224

Weight of free

oxygen.

0:0136

0:0037

0:02746

0:0093

00044

0°0415

00166

0:00786

00060

0:0243

0:0072

0:00572

000357

00322

0-01

0:00786

0:0157

0:01287

000858

000429

0°00143

Ratio of oxygen

of chlorate

to free oxygen.

1 to 0°306

1 to 0'627

1 to 0°454

1 to O'781

1 to 1:02

1 to 06

1 to 1°04

1 to 1°36

1 to 2°51

1 to 0 256

1 to 0'°355

1 to 1:57

1 to 1°82

1 to 0:323

1 to 0481

itowlaaa

1 to 08

1 to 0'°514

1 to 3°34

1 to 471

1 to 6°39

82 J. Bhaduri—Transformation of [No. 2,

of experiments useless. As the solution of hypochlorite invariably

contained free alkali, chloride and traces of chlorate, the amount of

hypochlorite could not give results which might be compared. In order

that the experiments should be strictly comparable the same sample

of hypochlorite was diluted to requisite strengths, and then the tubes

were partially filled. As in most cases preliminary experiments were

made to know approximately the volume of oxygen disengaged from

solutions of similar strength, the volumes of the tubes were so regulated

that the internal pressures were very nearly the same in all. Duplicate

experiments were in almost all cases made. The operation of filling

was done as quickly as possible in the dark room, and the already narrow

end of the tube drawn to a capillary bore in the blowpipe flame. When

perfectly cold the end was sealed. Inno case, however, did the time of

complete operation exceed ten minutes. When the required number

of tubes was ready they were at once introduced into the steam chamber

heated to 100°C. After the required number. of hours they were re-

moved to the dark room and allowed to cool.. The time required to

heat the tubes to 100°C was thus very nearly the same as the time, to

cool down to the original temperature. Caustic soda dissolves oxygen

to an appreciable extent, and the solubility, as with all gases, Increases

with pressure. The gas thus dissolved escapes slowly when the pressure

is relieved, and as sufficient time could not be allowed for fear of decom-

position, a small quantity was generally lost. The loss had no effect

when the total volume of oxygen was considerable. Hence the volume

of oxygen and therefore its weight should be taken as approximate, and

not strictly accurate when the quantity was small. The ratio of the

chloratic oxygen to free oxygen should also be taken in the same light

under similar circumstances. The preceding table contains the results

of numerous analyses performed at different times with solutions of

different strength heated to different periods of time.

Comparing the percentage decompositions of a number of solutions

in which relative quantities of free alkali, chloride, chlorate and hypo-

chlorite are the same, but with gradually diminished absolute quantities,

the following peculiarities are observed. The decomposition diminishes

with dilution up to a certain point when it is minimum. Further dimi-

nution in concentration instead of diminishing increases the decomposi-

tion. This peculiar deportment of the hypochlorite solution is seen

not only with similar solutions heated for different periods of time, but

also in all solutions which have been examined some of which only are

given. The ratios of hypochlorite to free alkali in the three solutions

mentioned in the table are approximately in (A) 2: 5,in (B)2: 2,

and in (C)2: 1. The relation between concentration and percentage de-

composition is very strikingly shown in Plate IV.

1896.] '. Hypochlorites to Chlorates:. 83

’ The decomposition curves A. i, 11 and iii of similar solutions are very

nearly similar. Thereis aclose resemblance between the curves B. i and

ii. Special stress need not be given to the curve D because the solutions

to which it corresponds were not heated to the same temperature as

the other solutions. Referring however, to all the curves it is seen that

the greatest depressions —minimum decompositions—lie very nearly in

the same vertical line. The exact strength of the solution which de-

composes least has not been determined, but it appears to lie interme-

diate between 1°5 and 1-7 per cent of Sodium hypochlorite. The influence

of the other constituents can be neglected, as all the solutions contain-

ing widely different quantities of chlorate, chloride and free allali lead

to the same general conclusion. Taking 1:6 per cent to be the approximate

number, the ratio between the number of molecules of water to sodium

hypochlorite is easily calculated :

NaOCl (molecular weight 74:5) =1°6 °/,

H, O (molecular weight 18) =98°4 °/,

.. no. of molecules of water: no. of molecules of sodium hypochlorite

98-4 16 |

In other words an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite is most

stable when the number of molecules of the salt in solution is approxim-

ately 0'4°/,. As the electric conductivity of such a solution has not

been determined I cannot venture to offer any opinion as to what

bearing it has on Arrhenius’ theory of electrolytic dissociation. It

seems probable that this number is different for different hypochlorites

and from these numbers the ratio of the molecular weights of these

compounds may be determined.

' Leaving the curves of percentage decomposition in relation to

concentration, the other curves of percentage decomposition with the

duration of heating may be shortly noticed (Pl. V). All these lead to

the same conclusion, namely the actual increase of decomposition during |

any interval diminishes as the time from which the initial decom:

position began increases. The data however, for the present, are not

sufficiently numerous for comparison of the different curves.

Referring to the columns (gq) and (h) in the table,! it is seen that in

all cases oxygen and a chlorate are simultaneously produced. The last

column shows in the clearest manner that at the end of the first hour

the amount of oxygen that is disengaged varies from one-fourth to one

half of the quantity of oxygen fixed in the chlorate. As the duration

6f heating is prolonged the quantity of free oxygen increases, but in no

ease is this quantity greater than the oxygen of the chlorate, although

1 Ante,-p 81.

Hao: ls.

84 J. Bhaduri— Decomposition of [No. 2,

the streneth of the solution varies from 3 to 8°7 per cent. and the duration

of heating from one to six hours andahalf. As the strength of the

solution diminishes the liberation of free oxygen increases. Comparing

the ratios of the decomposition products in Ai, ii, iii and Bi and ii

with D,'the nature of the decomposition is seen to vary perceptibly.

The solutions in D are gradually heated, and it is doubtful whether at

all they attain the temperature of 100°C. For the same weight of

chlorate formed the quantity of oxygen diminishes with the rapidity

with which the solutions are heated. In all probability, therefore, the

first application of heat on a rather strong solution of sodium hypo-

chlorite causes it to be entirely transformed into chlorate according to

the generally accepted equation

3 NaClO =NaCl10,+ 9 NaCl.

As the quantity of chlorate increases another reaction sets in:

2 NaClO=2 NaCl-+ O,.

These two equations being interdependent, I have not found it

possible to express the transformation by a simple equation.

Note on the Decomposition of Mercurous Chloride and Estimation of Free

Chlorine— By Jyot1saqusHAN Buapuri, M.A. Communicated by the

President.

[Recd. 25th March, Read Ist April, 1896.]

In the previous paper “ On the transformation of hypochlorites ”

mention was made of the fact that under certain circumstances a solu-

tion of sodium hypochlorite gave out chlorine. More recent quantita-

tive experiments* prove that in very nearly alkali-free solutions oxygen

and chlorine are simultaneously liberated. The analysis of such a

mixture without loss of unaltered hypochlorite is not an easy matter.

The solution contains, to begin with, a chloride, hypochlorite and

a trace of chlorate. It may at the very beginning contain a small

quantity of free alkali, but after decomposition, especially when heated

from 150° to 160°C., the silica of the glass is dissolved by the alkali,

forming soluble silicates. Moreover, free alkali and free chlorine can

not exist side by side in the same solution.

In neutral or alkaline solutions chlorides and chlorates of the alkali

Separation of chlorine metals have no action on mercury, Free

and hypochlorous acid. ¢hjorine combines with it, when the mercury

is present in excess, forming mercurous chloride. Hypochlorites form

1 Plate IV.

2 The results of which will be communicated later on.

1896. | Mercurous chloride. 85

mercuric oxide.! Sometimes, however, chlorine and a hypochlorite by

their mutual decomposition form free hypochlorous acid. This acid

combines with mercury and forms mercuric oxychloride, a substance

as insoluble in water as mercurous chloride. When, therefore, such a

solution, containing mercurous chloride, mercuric oxide or oxychloride,

free mercury, and soluble chloride and chlorate, is filtered, the first

three remain on the filter paper. The residue is then thoroughly

washed and then treated with the least excess of dilute hydrochloric

acid and the residue of mercurous chloride and free mercury thoroughly

washed. The quantity of mercury existing as mercuric chloride in the

second filtrate* will give the amount of hypochlorous acid. Free

chlorine is represented by mercurous chloride. The chlorine of the

last named substance is generally estimated by decomposing the com-

Action of coldalkalion pound after gentle digestion with alkali

mercurous chloride. hydrate (fixed). Some volumetric determina-

tions having given tolerably accurate results,’ the following analyses

were made to see whether the decomposition is complete or not. The

sample of chloride was first treated with hot water and then repeatedly

with cold water and finally with rectified spirit in the filter pump. It

was then dried in the steam bath for two hours when its weight was

found constant. Absence of any soluble mercury salt was proved by

treating a small quantity with hot water and passing sulphuretted

hydrogen through the filtrate.

Wet. of Wt. of Corres-

No. | Hg Cl A ponding | °/, of Cl. REMARKS.

g Cl. 3

grams. chlorine.

D. 1:5600 cE 2300 14°75 | Excess of Ag NO, added and

titrated by Vohlard’s method.

E. 31958 19358 | °4805 15:02 | Gravimetric method.

F. 2 2351 1°3577 °3308 15:02 5 (Gooch’s

crucible).

G. 19444, 1:1800 2919 15°02 | Gravimetric method (Gooch’s

erncible).

1 According to the following equation :—Na O Cl+ Hge=He 0+Na Cl.

2 The reaction is most probably Na (O Cl)+ Cl, +H,O=NaCl+2HOCI. (S.C. J.

1885, 722).

3 For Hg O, HgCl, + 2HC1.=2H¢ Cl, +H, O.

4 Watt’s Dic. Chem. (new edition) Vol. iii. p. 316. Fresivius, Quant. Anal.

7th Ed, p. 360. Fremy in his Encycl. Chem. does not mention anything.

5 For these I am indebted to my elder brother, Babu Chandrabhushan Bhadari,

B.A. The silver solution was weaker than it was supposed to be, so the value of

chlorine was very near the truth. On recalculation the difference is found to be

about 2 per cent.

86 J. Bhaduri— Decomposition of [No. 2,

Wt. of Wt. of Corres-

No. He Cl We ponding | °/, of Cl. REMARKS.

i g Cl. :

grams. chlorine.

H 16022 ‘9721 "2405 15:01

J. 3°7957 2°2822 “5646 14°87

K. 15163 ‘9219 2281 15:04 | Solution heated.

L 2.4107 14410 *3565 14:79

M 2°6857 1'6017 *3962 14:75

Tb 1:4826 650 “2219 14:97

Nes 18000 a0 2659 14°77 Volumetric method with

Be 39362 ade 5837 14:83 chromate indicator.

The theoretical percentage of chlorine is 15°07. The estimation

of chlorine has been made in the gravimetric way at least twenty times.

In each case the result has been found to be lower than the theoretical

quantity, The final washing was in each case tested for chlorine. Some

of the results, however, agree among themselves. Hence it appears

that the decomposition is never complete and is dependent upon other

circumstances, It is also evident from the previous experiments that

the amounts which are obtained when the solutions are heated agree

more with the theoretical quantity than those obtained from cold solu-

tions. In some of these experiments the alkali remained in contact

overnight with no better results.

The action of heat was next tried. The weighed quantity of

: in mercurous chloride was treated with an excess

Action of boiling caus- p :

tic-soda on mercurous of pure sodic hydrate solution and the whole

chioride. ons ae

heated nearly to the boiling point for about

fifteen minutes and when cold filtered. The residue was once more

treated with caustic soda and then thoroughly washed. The chlorine

in the filtrate after acidification was determined as before. In titrating

this liquid with standard silver nitrate solution, I have found it con-

venient to slightly acidify the solution with dilute nitric acid and then

evaporate to a small bulk, say 25 to 30 c.c, with excess of pure preci-

pitated calcium carbonate. The following table contains some of the

results of the analyses :-—

Wt. of Wt. of Wt. of

No. | Hg Cl. Ag Cl. |g. ae YO (Cl. REMARKS.

crams.

N "9634 are “1452 15:06 | Volumetric process.

Q 1°4466 8800 ‘2177 1505 | Gravimetric ,,

R 1:7190 | 1:0465 -2589 15:06 F bs

S 17648 | 1:0748 “2659 15:07 i i

V "8927 a; "1346 1508 | Volumetric _ ,,

1896. ] Mercurous chloride. 87

These results closely agree not only among themselves but also

with the theoretical quantity. But they appear to be very slightly low.

The reason probably appears to be this. Mercurous oxide dissolves to

a small extent in water and caustic soda solution. When, however,

such a solution is acidified with dilute nitric acid, slight opalescence

is sometimes noticed. On subsequent addition of silver nitrate, silver

chloride is precipitated, and this carries down with it traces of mercurous

chloride. Silver chloride before it is weighed is heated to incipient

fusion, a temperature sufficient to volatilize traces of mercurous chloride.

Thus a trace of chlorine is lost. Sufficient stress cannot be given to

this explanation, as the difference between actual and theoretical quan-

tities can be reduced to a trifling amount by careful manipulation.

Tt is evident from the above experiments in conjunction with those

mentioned before, that neither gentle warming nor prolonged contact

in the cold is sufficient to bring about complete decomposition of the

mercurous chloride by solution of caustic soda. The coating of mer-

curous oxide and the repellent tendency of mercurous chloride to

become moistened with water prevent intimate contact with the solu-

tion. Complete decomposition is only obtained when the solution is

heated to the boiling point and, to be certain, repeating the operation

once more with fresh solution of the alkali.

When the precipitate of mercurous oxide is heated with water or

Solubility of mercurous S0lution of caustic soda and then filtered in

oxide in water. the hot state, the filtrate after acidification

with pure hydrochloric acid is at once turned brownish black when

sulphuretted hydrogen is passed through. On heating, the precipitate

settles rapidly and this black substance gives all the reactions of

mercury. As already mentioned, there was no soluble salt of mercury

in the residue. It dissolved with slight separation of mercury in pure

dilute nitric acid and this solution gave no precipitate, not even opal-

escence with silver nitrate. It is therefore evident that the whole of

chlorine must have been eliminated in the form of soluble chloride, and

the presence of mercury in the filtrate is due to the solution of mer-

curous oxide in water (mercuric oxide and metallic mercury, the pro-

ducts of decomposition being practically insoluble, the former 1] in

1,50000). In cold water too, mercurous oxide dissolves to a small exten.

The best method of procedure, therefore, is to decompose the mer-

curous chloride by the alkali at the boiling

temperature but to filter when cold and wash

with cold water. Volumetric estimations of chlorine and silver have

been tried but they appear to me to be less trustworthy than these

estimations obtained gravimetrically.

Summary.

RS Oeeaeaeeeeecnrrree ee eee eae

88 A. R. 8. Anderson — Deep Sea Crustacea. [No. 2,

Natural History Notes from the R. I. M. Survey Steamer ‘ Investigator,’

Commander OC. F. Oldham, R. N., commanding. Series II, No. 21.

An Account of the Deep Sea Crustacea collected during the season

1894-95,— By A. R. S. Anperson, B. A., M. B., Surgeon Naturalist

to the Survey.

[Received 28th April—Read 6th May.]

The following paper gives a description of the 56 species of

Crustacea, excluding Cirripeds, Amphipods and Pagurids collected

by the R. I. M. 8. ‘ Investigator’ during the working season 1894-95.

From the middle of October 1894 to the beginning of January

1895, while at work in the Arabian Sea between Cape Monza—some 20

miles to the west of Karachi and Bombay—four hauls of the trawl

were made between 100 and 200 fms. ; but, with the exception of large

numbers of Selenocera hextiz, no crustaceans were obtained.

In the same area, two hauls were effected at 890 and 947 fms. and

resulted in the capture of respectively 8 and 11 different species of

crustaceans; of these only four are new to the Indian fauna, viz.

Acanthephyra cristata, Faxon, Nephropsis Suhmi, Bate, Calastacus

investigatoris and Galacantha trachynotus, the two last being hitherto

undescribed species. One Isopod, Aega sp., was also obtained at 947

fms., and is new to our record and apparently new to science.

On the passages between Bombay and Trincomali and vice versé

6 trawls, varying in depth from 637 to 931 fms. were made and resulted

in the capture of 0, 4,6, 5, 7 and 8 species of crustaceans. Four of

these species were new to the Indian fauna, but of these two, Nephropsis

Suhmi and Galacantha trachynotus, were also obtained this season

between Karachi and Bombay: the remaining two species were Hucopia

sculpticauda and Bentheuphausia amblyops.

In four trawls between 180 and 406 fms. 5, 7, 3 and 21 species of

crustaceans were obtained, of which 5 only are new to the Indian

record, aud of these one had also been captured at 951 fms. this season;

3 of the remainder, Pandalus atcockt and Munidopsis wardent, both

from 406 fms., and Trichopeltariun ovale from 180 fms. prove to be

new species. The fifth, Lithodes agasizii from 406 fms., is the first

recorded specimen of a Lithodes from Indian waters.

List of the stations, over 200 fms. from which crustaceans were

obtained.

1896. ] A. R. 8. Anderson— Deep Sea Crustacea. 89

- Depth |Corrected

reas Lat. N. Long. E. in bottom Paes Nees OE

- fathoms. | temp. F. ge pas

183 23°08/22” | 65°49'45”” 890 | 40°.5 72° Soft gray mud.

184 22°14’25” | 67°08'55’ 947 40°.5 75°.5 | Soft gray mud.

192 | 15°11’ 72°28" a eee | Bie | Bate d

931 ; gray mud.

193 +B Hk 72°28’ 931 39°.5 81° Soft gray mud.

194, 13°47’ 72°3'45/" 891 41° 81° Soft gray mud.

197 9°34/57” 73°36'30” 406 48° 81°.8 | Green mud.

198 8°55’ 81°17’30” 764. 4,2? .25 81° Green mud.

2 , fo} , ” 800- 41° fo}

199 8°40 81°27'35 637 4.2°.25 83°.5 Green mud.

/a\-444 , ” 32 ie! im oF

201 8°29’05 81°31/35 Hee fone ee 2 Green mud.

203 5°50’30” 80°25’30’” 364 48° 85°.5 Green mud.

le) U5 ” : , 180— fe} lo)

204, 6°50’20 79°36 217 53 84°.8 | Broken coral.

MALCOSTRACA.

Order SCHIZOPODA.

Family Lophogastride.

GwNaTHOPHAUSIA, W.-Suhm.

1. Gnathophausia brevispinis, Wood-Mason.

Wood-Mason, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) VII, 1891, p. 188, and Oct. 1891,

pp. 269, 270; Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. XVIII., pp. 216-218, pl. J.

Arabian sea; Station 184; 947 fms.

2. Gnathophausia zoxa, Suhm, G. O. Sars.

G. O. Sars, Challenger Schizopoda, p. 44, pl. vi., figs. 6-10; A. Milne Edwards

Rec. Fig. Crust., pl. 7; Alcock and Anderson, J. A. S. B., Vol. LXIIL,, pt. ii., 1894,

p. 148; Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. XVIILI., p. 215.

? G. Sarsti, Wood-Mason, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Feb. 1891, p. 187.

Colour in life, bright scarlet.

Arabian sea, Station 183, 890 fms.

woke 12;

90 A. R. 8. Anderson— Deep Sea Crustacea. [No. 2,

Family Eucopiide.

Kucorta, Dana, G. O. Sars.

3. Hucopia australis, Dana, Sars.

Dana, U. 8. Explor. Exped., Crustacea, pt. i., p. 609, pl. 40, fig. 10 a-m; G. O.

Sars, ‘Challenger’ Schizopoda, p. 55, pls. ix.and x.; Wood-Mason Ann. Mag. Nat.

Hist., Oct. 1891, p. 270; Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. KVIII., pp. 218, 219.

Six specimens were obtained, 5 of these being captured in the same

haul with an equal number of Hucopia sculpticauda.

Stations 183 and 198; 890 and 764 fms.

4. Hucopia sculpticauda, Faxon.

W. Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. XXIV., No. 7, 1893, p. 218; Id., Mem.

Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. XVIII., pp. 219-221, pl. k., fig. 2, 2d, pl. liii., fig. 1-1d.

Hight specimens, varying in Jength from 21 to 75 millim., were

captured at depths ranging from 406 down to 931 fms. Unfortunately

all the specimens, owing to the great delicacy of their tissues and the

tenuity of their legs, are more or less imperfect, alshough in some the

deficiency merely amounts to an abbreviation of the antennal flagella.

This species differs from Hucopia australis and.from Sars’ definition

of the genus in the presence of small branchize at the base of the last

pair of legs.

Colour in life, dark crimson lake. Eyes brown in spirit.

New to the Indian fauna.

_ Stations 193, 197, 198 and 199; 931, 406, 764 and 800—637 fms.

respectively.

Family Euphausiide.

BeEnNTHEUPHAUSIA, G. O. Sars.

5. Bentheuphausia amblyops, G. O. Sars.

G. O. Sars, ‘ Challenger’ Schizopoda, pp. 109-114, pl. xix.

New to the Indian fauna.

Station 198; 764 fms.

Order DECAPODA.

Sub-order MACRURA.

Tribe PENHIDE A.

Family Penzide.

Sub-family Parapenxina.

Parapenazvs, S. I. Smith.

6. Parapenzeus fissurus, (Sp. Bate.)

Penzus fissurus, Sp, Bte., ‘Challenger’ Macrura, p. 263, pl. xxxvi, fig. 1; Para-

1896.] A. R. 8. Anderson— Deep Sea Crustacea. 91

wenzus jissurus, Alcock and Anderson, J. A.8. B., Vol. LXIIIL, - Pt. ii, 1894

p. 144.

Colours in life, white mottled with red. .

Off west coast of Ceylon, Station 204; 180-217 fms.

Sub-family Solenocerina.

SoLenocera Lucas.

7. Solenocera hextii, Wood-Mason.

Wood-Mason, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Feb. 1891, p. 188, and Oct. 1891, p. 275

Alcock and Anderson, J. A. 8. B., Vol. UXIII. Pt. ii., 1894, p. 145; and Ill. Zoo .

R.I. M.S. ‘Investigator,’ Crustacea, Pt. iv., pl. xxvi. fig. 5 (to be published in 1896).

Hitherto this species has only been recorded from the Bay of

Bengal ranging as far east as Chittagong. This season it was obtained

in Jarge numbers in the Arabian Sea off the mouths of the Indus at

depths varying from 35 to 170 fms. on a muddy bottom,

Hatrporus, Spence Bate.

8. Haliporus xqualis, Sp. Bate.

Spence Bate, ‘Challenger’ Macrura, p. 285, pl. xli., fig. 1; and Alcock and

Anderson, J. A. S. B., Vol. LXIII, pt. ii., 1894, p. 140.

Off Cochin coast, Station 197, 406 fms.

Sub-family Aristaina.

Aristaus, Duvernoy, Wood-Mason,

9. Aristeus.crassipes, Wood-Mason.

Wood-Mason Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Oct. 1891, pp. 281, 282. fig.7; Alcock and

Anderson, J: A. 8. B., Vol. LXIIL, pt. ii., 1894, p. 147.

Many specimens, exhibiting the marked sexual differences previous-

ly described, were trawled off the Cochin coast at Station 197, 406 fms.

10. <Aristseus semidentatus, Sp. Bate.

Hemipenzus senidentatus, Spence Bate, ‘Challenger’ Macrura, p. 305, pl. xlix.

fig. 1; Aristzus semidentatus, Wood-Mason, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Oct. 1891, p. 280

and Alcock and Anderson, J. A.S. B., Vol. LXIIL,, pt. ii., 1894, p. 146.

Colour in life, red.

Station 201; 320-296 fms.

Sub-family Benthesicymina.

GernnaDAs, Spence Bate.

11. Gennadas parvus, Spence Bate,

Spence Bate, Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) viii., p. 191, and ‘ Challenger’ Macrura,

92 A. R. 8. Anderson— Deep Sea Crustacea. [No. 2,

p- 340, pl. lix.; Wood-Mason and Alcock, Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist., Feb. 1891, p. 189

and Oct. 1891, p. 286.

Stations 193, 194 and 198; 931, 891 and 764 fms. respectively.

Family Sergestide.

Sercustes, Edw.

12. Sergestes rubroguttatus, Wood-Mason.

Wood-Mason, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Nov. 1891, pp. 354, 355, fig. 10.

South of Ceylon, Station 198, 764 fms.

13. Sergestes robustus, Smith.

8. I. Smith, Rep. U.S. Fish. Comm., 1892, (1894), p. 416, pl. viii., figs. 3-6, and

1885 (1886), p. [93], pl. xx., fig. 6; and Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., X., p. 97, pl. xvi.,

figs, 5-8; Alcock and Anderson, J. A. 8. B., Vol. LXIII., pt. ii., 1894, p. 148.

Colour in hfe, crimson dots on a colourless background, the in-

testinal tract showing through the transparent body-wall as a crimson

tube.

Stations 194, 197 and 203; 891, 406 and 364 fms.

‘Tribe CARIDEA.

Family Glyphocrangonide.

GrypHocrancon, A. Milne-Edwards.

14. Glyphocrangon unguiculata, Wood-Mason.

Wood-Mason, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Feb. 1891, pp. 193, 194; and Ill. Zool.

‘Investigator,’ Crustacea, Pt. ii., pl. vii., fig. 2. ;

Five females from the Arabian sea, Station 184; 947 fms.

15. Glyphocrangon prionota, Wood-Mason.

Wood-Mason, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Feb. 1891, p. 192; Alcock and Anderson,

J.A.S.B., Vol. LXIII., Pt. ii., 1894, p. 151 ; and Ill. Zool. ‘ Investigator,’ Crustacea,

Pt. ii, pl. vi., fig. 1.

Many male and female specimens, both young and adult, were taken

in the Arabian sea at Stations 183, 184 and 193; 890, 947 and 931 fms.

respectively.

Family Pandalide.

Panpatus, Leach.

16. Pandalus alcocki, n. sp.

This species bears a considerable resemblance to Nothocaris binoculus,

Sp. Bte., but differs from it in the following particulars. The

1896. ] A. R. 8. Anderson— Deep Sea Crustacea. 93

dorsal carina begins near the middle of the carapace and in the gastric

region supports four movable spines which gradually increase in length

from behind forwards. The rostrum, about 13 as long as the carapace,

is armed dorsally with 2 fixed teeth, the posterior situated midway

between its fellow and the anterior movable spine and above the centre

of the cornea. In front of these teeth the rostrum slopes downwards

as far as the extremity of the first antennal base; thence it becomes

straight and ascends slightly to near its tip where it again assumes a

gentle downward curve. Except for the two teeth near the base it is

dorsally unarmed, while its lower margin is 4~7 toothed, the number of

teeth increasing with the size of the specimen.

The eye bears no ocellus distinct from the large cornea.

The meri of the last three thoracic legs are armed on their lower

margins with a few teeth, that of the 5th leg bears the fewest or none,

that of the 3rd the largest number of teeth, while the 4th bears an

intermediate number.

The telson is shorter than the caudal plates,

Colour in life red. Eggs very minute and numerous.

Many specimens, both males and ovigerous females, from Station

197 ; 406 fms.

PLESIONIKA, Spence Bate.

17. Plesionika bifurca, Alcock and Anderson.

Alcock and Anderson, J. A. S. B., Vol. LXIII., pt. ii., 1894, pp. 155 and 156.

Station J97; 406 fms.

Family Acanthephyride.

AcantHepHyra, A. Milne-Edwards.

18. Acanthephyra brachytelsonis, Sp. Bate.

Spence Bate, ‘Challenger’ Macrura, p. 753, pl. cxxvi., fig.’7; Wood-Mason,

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., May 1892, pp. 362, 363, fig. 4; Alcock and Anderson, J. A.

S.B., Vol. LXIII., pt. ii, 1894, p. 156; and Ill. Zool. R. I. M.S., ‘Investigator,

Crustacea, pl. iii., fig. 2.

The largest specimen obtained this year measured 157 millim,

from tip of rostrum to the end of telson.

Stations 183, 184, 192, 193, 194 and 199; 890, 947, 912-931, 931.

891 and 800-637 fms. respectively.

19. Acanthephyra armata, A. M. E., var. fimbriata, W.-M.

Wood-Mason, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., May 1892, p. 359, fig. 2; Alcock and

Anderson, J. A.S.B., Vol. LXIII., pt. ii., 1894, p.156; and Ill. Zool. R. I. M. 8.

‘ Investigator,’ Crustacea, pt. i., pl. ill., fig. i.

Station 197; 406 fms.

94 A. R. 8. Anderson— Deep Sea Crustacea. [No. 2,

20. Acanthephyra curtirostris, Wood-Mason.

Wood-Mason, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VII., p. 195, and Ann. Mag. Nat.

Hist., May 1892, pp. 364, 365 and fig. 5; Ill. Zool. R. J. M. §S. ‘ Investigator,’

pl. ii., fig. 4: Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. XVIII, pp. 164-167, pl. xliii.,

figs. 2-5.

In four small specimens obtained this year, the largest of which is

an ovigerous female 36 millims. in length, the tooth on the antero-

inferior margin of the laminar parti of the rostrum is absent.

Atthe distal end of the dorsal surface of the carpus of the Ist

pereiopods is a small blunt recurved tubercle, and, leading to it, an oblique

line of short stout hairs on the inner surface of the palms of the same

pair of legs.

: Both margins of the inner, and the inner margin of the outer, plate

of the swimmeret are minutely serrate.

Stations 198 and 203; 764 and 364 fms.

21. Acanthephyra cristata, Faxon.

Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXIV., 206, 1893; Memoirs Mus. Comp. Zool.,

Vol. XVIII., pp. 162-164, pl. xliii., fig. 1, la, 1b: Ill. Zool. R. 1. M.S. ‘ Investi-

gator,’ Crustacea, pt. iv., pl. xxv., figs. 2, 2a.

The end of the telson, which was wanting in both Faxon’s speci-

mens, is prolonged into a sharp spine armed on both sides with movable

teeth, of which one on each side at a little distance from the tip is

specially large and strong. Both margins of the inner and the inner

margin of the outer plate of the swimmeret are minutely serrate and

clothed with long silky hairs.

Colour in life, dark crimson.

Length from tip of rostrum to end of telson 67°5 millims.

Station 183; 890 fms.

Hoptornorus, Epw.

22. Hoplophorus gracilirostris, A. Milne-Edwards.

A. Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., (6) XI. 4, p. 6; and Rec. Fig. Crust.;

Wood-Mason and Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist... May 1892, p. 865; and Alcock and

Anderson, J. A. S. B., Vol. LXIII., pt. ii., 1894, p. 157.

Several specimens from stations 201 and 203; 320-296 and 564

fms. When placed in a tub of water they swam about with great

vigour, but were unable to maintain an upright position, always turning

over on one side. They would appear, as previously mentioned, to live

at no great depth, as the specimens of Lyreidus, Hthusa, Uroptychus

and Nephropsis, all bottom dwellers, which were captured at the same

stations as the Hoplophorus, were quite dead on reaching the surface.

Colour in life bright transparent red with golden coloured glisten-

1896. ] A. R. S. Anderson — Deep Sea Crustacea. 95

ing patches on merus of last three thoracic legs, on carpus and coxa of

5th pair of legs and on the abdominal pleure. Telson and uropods

colourless. Eggs purplish red.

Epuyrina, 8. I. Smith.

23. Lyphyrina hoskynti, Wood-Mason,

Wood-Mason, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., February 1891, p. 194.

Stations 183 and 199; 890 and 800-637 fms. respectively.

Family Palemonide.

PALEMONELLA, Dana.

24. Palzmonella laccadivensis, Aleock and Anderson.

Alcock and Anderson, J. A. 8S. B., Vol. LXIII., pt. ii, 1894, p. 157; and IT,

Zool. R. I. M. 8. ‘ Investigator,’ Crustacea, pt. iv., pl. xxvi., fig. 4 (1896).

The rostrum, in the larger specimen obtained this year, is deeper,

more horizontal and bears only nine spines on its upper margin, a

rather wide interval separating the lst from the 2nd and the 8th from

the 9th spines.

The fingers of the larger of the 2nd pair of legs are flattened so as

to form two broad opposing surfaces, end in recurved hooks, and -are

furnished each in its proximal half with two small sharp interlocking

tubercles in addition to the blunt tubercle which the movable finger

carries close to its articular end.

A female, bearing very numerous small eggs, and measuring 50

millims. from tip of rostrum to end of telson was trawled at Station 197,

406 fms.

Family Pasipheide.

Purr, Wood-Mason.

25. Phye alcocki, Wood-Mason.

Wood-Mason, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Feb. 1893, p. 164; and Ill. Zool. ‘ Investi-

gator,’ Crustacea, pt. i., pl. iii., fig. 5.

Stations 184 and 197; 947 and 406 fms.

Family Nematocarcinide.

Nemarocarcinus, A, Milne-Edwards.

26. Nematocarcinus gracilis, Sp. Bte.

Spence Bate, ‘ Challenger’ Macrura, p. 815, pl. cxxxii., fig. 8; and Alcock and

Anderson, J. A. 8. B., Vol. LXIIL, pt, ii., 1894, p, 160,

Station 197; 406 fms.

96 A, R. S. Anderson— Deep Sea Crustacea. [No. 2,

Tribe ASTACIDEA.

Family Homaride.

Puoserus, A. Milne-Edwards.

27. Phoberus ceecus, A. Milne-Edw., var. sublevis, W.-M.

Wood-Mason, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Feb. 1891, p. 197; Alcock and Anderson,

J. A. 8. B., Vol. LXIIL,, pt. ii., 1894, p. 21.

The female, captured this year at Station 192, 912-931 fms., differs

both from the female taken last year and from the male previously

caught in possessing 2 spines on the upper margin of the rostrum.

Length, from tip of rostrum to end of telson, 122 millims.

. Nepuropsts, Wood-Mason.

28. Nephropsis Stewarti, Wood-Mason.

Wood-Mason, J. A. S. B., 1873, Vol. LXIII., pt. 2, p. 39, pl. iv.; and Ann. Mag.

Nat. Hist., (4) XII, 1873, p. 59; A. Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., (5) XIX.,

pl. xx., figs. 1-3; and Alcock and Anderson, J. A.S. B., Vol. LXIII., pt. ii.. 1894,

p. 161; Illustrations of the Zoology of the R.I. M.S. ‘Investigator,’ Crustacea,

pt. iv., pl. xxvil., figs. 1, la. : f

A male, measuring 141 millim, from tip of rostrum to end of telson,

was captured at Station 197; 406 fms.

29. Nephropsis atlantica, Norman.

Norman, P. R. S., Hdin., 1881-82, Vol. XI., p. 684; Wood-Mason and Alcock,

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Feb. 1891, p. 198, fig. 4; and Alcock and Anderson, J. A. S. B.,

Vol. LXIIL., pt. ii., 1894, p. 162.

Station 201 ; 320-296 fms.

30. Nephropsis suhmt, Sp. Bate.

Spence Bate, ‘ Challenger ’ Macrura, pp. 181-183, pl. xxiii., fig. 3, and pl. xxiv.

fig. 2.

Seven specimens of this species, which is new to the Indian fauna,

varying from a male of 83 millims, and a female of 82°6 millims., to

32 millims. in length, were captured at 5 stations at depths between

890 and 947 fms. The teeth on the anterior margins of the pleura of

the first four abdominal somites vary both in size and numbers ; in some

case none in others one large and two smaller teeth are present.

In a specimen §3 millims. in length the flagellum of the 1st antenna

measures 25 millims., that of the 2nd antenna 186 millims.

The absence of a joint in the outer plate of the caudal swimmeret

was both noted and figured by Spence Bate; but, owing to the small-

ness and immaturity of his single specimen, he seems to have been

doubtful of the permanence of this character. In none of these

1896.] A. R. 8. Anderson—Deep Sea Crustacea. a7

specimens is there any vestige of a joint in these plates. This character

at once serves to distinguish Nephropsis suhmi from the other three

Indian species of this genus, atlantica, stewarti and carpentert, in all of

which the joint is very apparent. Indeed it isolates this species from

all other Homarids and forms a connecting link with the nearly allied

Eryonide.

Colour in life pale orange with a broad whitish stripe on the

dorsum of the abdomen and posterior part of the carapace. Antennal

bases colourless. Hairs on dactyli of last 4 pereiopods crimson. Cornea

opalescent.

Stations 183, 184, 192, 193, 194; 890, 947, 912-931, and 891 fms.

respectively.

Family Callianasside.

Catocaris, Bell.

31. Calocaris macandrex, Bell.

Alcock and Anderson, J. A.S.B., Vol. LXIII., pt. ii, 1894, p. 163, where

a list of references is given.

Three very small specimens, the largest only 24 millims. in length,

were captured off the east coast of Ceylon at Station 199, 800-637

fms, ;

Family Axiide.

CaLastacts, Faxon.

32. Calastacus investigatoris, 0. sp.

Female. This species very closely resembles Calastacus stilirostris,

Faxon, only differing in the following points. The carapace is covered

with small granules, and dorsally markedly carinate. The carina extends

from the base of the rostrum to within a short distance of the

posterior border of the carapace, where it ends in a small denticle. A

similar denticle is found on the carina in the centre of the gastric area.

- The rostrum is triangular and dorsally flattened, its lateral margins

extending a short distance back on the sides of the carapace as a pair

of elevated ridges each bearing a couple of acute anteriorly directed

teeth, the posterior of which is considerably larger than the anterior.

The eyestalks are short and conical without any trace of a cornea.

Both the fixed and movable spines of the second joint of the second

antennae are very short, only reaching about one-quarter the length

of the third joint.

The upper border of the merus of the great chelipeds is armed

dic i, 33

98 A. R. S. Anderson—Deep Sea Crustacea. ‘[No. 2,

with one large distal and 3 or 4:small spines ; those on the lower margin

of this joint are subequal. On the infero-external margin of the hand

is a row of spinules.

The borders of the suture in the outer plate of the swimmeret are

destitute of spinules; the outer margin of this plate is armed with

3 small spines, the smallest near the centre, the largest on the margin

of the suture, and the third midway between these two. The external

border of the inner plate of the swimmeret is not furnished with a

spine.

Length of carapace exclusive of rostrum 18'5 millim., rostrum

3°75 millim., abdomen 32:4 millim., cheliped 27 millim., merus of

cheliped 9:75 millim., dactylus of cheliped 11 millim. Colour in life;

abdomen light brown, carapace very pale pink dorsally fading into

slate colour on the sides.

Station 184; 947 fms., 2 females.

Tribe HRYONTIDEA.

Family Eryontide.

PrntAcHELES, Spence-Bate. —

33. Pentacheles gibba, Alcock.

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. XIII., March 1894, p. 234; and Ill. Zool.

R. I. M.S. ‘ Investigator,’ Crustacea, pb. ii., pl. viii., fig 4.

A male, measuring 135 millims., from tip of rostral spine to end

of telson, only differs from the description of the female in having the

first abdominal appendages well developed; the fifth pair of thoracic

legs are chelate.

Arabian sea, Stations 192 and 193; 912-931 and 931 fms.

34, Pentacheles phosphorus, Alcock.

Alcock, Anu. Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. XIII., March 1894, p. 240; Alcock and

Anderson, J. A. S. B., Vol. LXIII., pt. ii, 1894, p.165; and Ill. Zool. R. I. M.S.

‘Investigator,’ Crustacea, pt. ii., pl. viii., fig. 2.

Off the Cochin coast, Station 197; 406 fms.

Tribe SCYLLARIDEA. :

Family Scyllaride.

Arctus, Dana.

35. Arctus rubens, Alcock and Anderson.

Alcock and Anderson, J. A. S. B., Vol. LXIII., pt. ii., 1894, pp. 25 and 26,

Tndian Ocean, Station 204; 180-217 fms.

1896. ] A. R. 8. Anderson—Deep Sea Crustacea. 99

Tribe ANOMOLA.

Family Lithodide.

Lirxopes, Latreille.

36. Lithodes agasizii, S. I. Smith.

8. I. Smith, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. X. No. 1, 1882, pp. 8-11, pl. i.

A single small specimen, measuring only 9 millim. in length, ex-

clusive of the rostral and posterior spines, was trawled off the Cochin

coast at Station 197, 406 fms. The colour in life was pale pink, similar

to the colour of the American examples as described in the ‘ Three

voyages of the Blake.’

New to the Indian fauna.

Family Galatheide.

Monipa, Leach.

37. Munida microps, Alcock.

Alcock, Ann. Mag, Nat. Hist., April 1894, p. 326.

One small immature specimen was trawled at Station 197;

406 fms.

Munipopsis, Whiteaves.

38. Munidopsis trifida, Henderson.

Henderson, ‘Challenger’ Anomura, p. 156, pl. xvi., fig. 2; and Alcock and

Anderson, J. A. S. B., Vol. LXIIL., pt. ii., 1894, p. 168.

One small specimen from Station 201, 296-320 fms.

39. Mumadopsis stylirostris, Wood-Mason.

Wood-Mason, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., February.1891, p. 201; Alcock, Ann. Mag.

Nat. Hist., April 1894, p. 328 ; Alcock and Anderson, J. A.S. B., Vol. LXIIL., pt. ii.,

1894, p. 166; and Ill. Zool. R. 1. M.S. ‘Investigator,’ Crustacea, pt. ili., pl. xiii.,

fig. 6.

_ Three ovigerous females and two males from the Arabian Sea,

Station 184; 947 fms.

40. Munidopsis warden, u. sp.

This species is very closely related to M. stylirostris, W. M., but

differs in the following particulars. 1. The carapace is hairier, flatter

and broader. 2. The rostrum is relatively shorter and slopes gently

downwards, its curve being nearly continuous with that of the anterior

part of the carapace; its extreme tip is upturned. 3. The corner

are cylindrical and slightly curved. 4. The spine at the antero-lateral

100 A, R. 8. Anderson—Deep Sea Crustacea. [ No. 2,

angle of the carapace is much smaller and directed forwards and not

obliquely outwards at an angle of about 45°. 5. The cervical groove

is bounded posteriorly by a small spine; in WM. stylirostris both groove

and spine are very inconspicuous. 6, The merus of the cheliped has

two rows of spines on its upper surface, one on the inner the other on

the outer margin. 7. All the joints of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th thoracic

legs are hairy. 8. The ridges bounding the transverse furrows of the

2nd—4th abdominal terga are spinulous not ctenate.

Colours in life were the same as those of M. stylirostris; milky

orange dorsally, white ventrally, cornez yellow.

The length of the largest specimen, an egg-laden female, from tip

of rostrum to end of telson is 50 millims.

Station 197; 406 fms., 2 egg-laden females and one male. There

is also in the Indian Museum an ovigerous female from 30 miles W. of

Middle Andaman Island, depth 480-500 fms.

41. Munidopsis, sp.

One small specimen, 9 millim. in total length, resembling W.

margarita, Faxon, more closely than any other described species was

obtained at Station 201 ; 320-296. i

Hriasmonotus, A. Milne-Kdwards.

42. Hlasmonotus cylindrophthalmus, Alcock.

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. XIII., April 1894, p. 333 ; and III. Zool. R. I.

M. S. ‘Investigator,’ Crustacea, pt. iii., pl. xiii., fig. 4.

The single specimen obtained this year isa male. The chelipeds

are unequal, the larger measuring 56 while the smaller measures 49

millims. The palm of the larger cheliped is 16°75 millims. and the

fingers 6 millims. in length. From tip of rostrum to end of telson is

25°5 millims. |

Station 197; 806 fms.

GatacantHa, A. Milne-Edwards.

43. Galacantha trachynotus, n. sp.

This species is closely allied to G. cnvestigatoris, Alc, and And.

bella, Hend., and rostrata, A. M. H.

From the first it differs in the following points: 1. The carapace

is covered with short sharp spiniform tubercles the tips of which are

bent forwards. Anteriorly these tubercles are somewhat sparsely

scattered but posteriorly they are more densely crowded together. 2.

Slightly in front of the pair of gastric spinules is a small median

1896. ] A. R. 8. Anderson—Deep Sea Crustacea. 101

gastric spinule. 3. Immediately posterior to the cardiac is a small

median spine resembling it in shape but only about one-quarter its

length. 4. The posterior margin of the carapace is armed with a row

of spiniform tubercles as also are both carinae of the 2nd, 3rd and

4th and the anterior margin of the 5th abdominal segments ; the terga

of the 5th and 6th abdominal segments are irregularly covered with

small sharp granules while their pleura are almost smooth. 5. The

upper surface of the meri and carpi of the 2nd—4th thoracic legs are

covered with tubercles similar to those on the carapace. 6. The

posterior margin of the dactyli of the 2nd-4th thoracic legs are 10-12

dentate. 7. The Ist, 2nd and 3rd antennal joints terminate in short

sharp spinules.

From G. bella it differs: 1. In the distribution of tubercles on

the abdominal segments and on the upper surfaces of the meri and

carpi of the 2nd-4th thoracic appendages. 2. In the presence of

spinules on the antennal joints. 3. In the presence of two median

gastric and two median cardiac spines. 4. In the number of denta-

tions in the posterior margin of the dactyli of the 2nd—4th thoracic

legs. 5. In the cutting edges of the fingers of the chelipeds being

quite straight.

From G. rostrata it differs: 1. In the presence of two gastric

and two cardiac median spines. 2. In the two spines on the lateral

margins of the carapace being subequal. 5. In the spinature of the

ambulatory legs.

Colour in life milky orange.

A female specimen was obtained from each of the three Stations

184, 192 and 193 at depths of 947, 912-931 and 931 fms. respectively.

Will be figured in the Illustrations of the Zoology of the R. I.

M. S. ‘ Investigator,’ Crustacea, Pt. iv., pl. xxv., figs. 3, 3a. (to be issued

in 1896).

Urorrycaus (A. Milne-Edwards), Henderson.

44, Uroptychus nitidus, A. Milne-Kdwards.

A. Milne-Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. VIII., 1880, p. 62; Henderson,

Challenger,’ Anomura, p. 174, pl. xxi., fig. 6; and Alcock and Anderson, J. A. 8. B.,

Vol. LXIILI., pt. i1., 1894, p. 173.

An ovigerous female, coloured in life bright pink and with milk-

white eggs was obtained from Station 201 ; 320-296 fms.

102 A. R. 8. Anderson—Deep Sea Crustacea. [No. 2,

Sub-Order, BRACHYURA. .

Tribe ANOMOLA.

Family Raninide.

Lyreipus, de Haan.

45, Lyreidus gracilis, Wood-Mason.

Wood-Mason, J. A. S. B., Vol. LVI., pt. ii., 1887, p. 876; Alcock and Anderson

J. A. S. B., Vol. LXIIL,, pt. ii, 1894, p. 175.

Twelve specimens from Station 197, 406 fms.; and four specimens

from Station 201, 320-296 fms.

Family Homolide.

Paromo.opsis, Wood-Mason.

46. Paromolopsis boast, Wood-Mason.

Wood-Mason, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., March 1891, p. 268, fig. 5.

The largest specimen obtained this season measures from tip to tip

of 4th thoracic legs (the longest) 314 millims. ; Ogeaslnn of carapace

50, length 52 millims.

The type of this species was dredged in the Andaman Sea in 480

fms, The present specimens were obtained off the Cochin coast at

Station 197; 406 fms.

Hyesopurys, Wood-Mason.

47. Hypsophrys superciliosa, Wood-Mason.

Wood-Mason, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., March 1891, p. 269; Alcock, J. A. S. B.,

Vol. LXIL., pt. 2, 1893, p. 177; and Ill. Zool. R. I. M. 8S. ‘ Investigator,’ Crustacea,

pt. 3, pl. xiv., figs. 4, 4a.

Numerous specimens in all stages of growth and of both sexes

were obtained from the Arabian Sea at Stations 183, 184, 192, 193, and

194 at depths of 890, 947, 912-931, 931 and 891 fms. respectively.

Tribe OXYSTOMATA.

Family Dorippide.

Erausa, Roux.

48. Hthusa indica, Alcock.

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, Vol. XIII., May 1894, pp. 405, 406 ; Alcock

and Anderson, J. A. S. B., Vol. LXIIL., pt. ii., 1894, p. 176; and Ill. Zool. R. I. M. 8.

‘ Investigator,’ Crustacea, pt. iil., pl. xiv., fig. 2.

In the males the chele are very unequal, one being ver ery much

stouter although not much longer than the other.

1896. | A. R, 8. Anderson—Deep Sea Crustacea. 103

Colours in life—body French gray, legs pink.

Station 197 ; 406 fms. ; 6 males, 8 females.

Station 201 ; 320-296 fms.; 1 male.

ETHusINA, Smith.

49, Hthusina gracilipes, Miers,

Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 332, pl. xxviii, fic, 83; and Alcock and

Anderson, J. A. S. B., Vol. LXIII., pt. ii., 1894, p. 177.

Station 192; 912-931 fms.

Family Leucoside.

RANDALLIA, Stimpson.

50. Randallia pustulosa, Wood-Mason,

Wood-Mason, Ann. Mage. Nat. Hist., March 1891, p. 266.

The specimens captured this year are two immature females and

a small male. The abdominal segments of the former resemble those

of the male both in width and in forming a concavity, They differ

much from the abdominal segments of the adult female which form a

marked convex protuberance and extend nearly to the bases of the legs,

Station 197 ; 406 fms.

Family Calappide.

Mors1a, Desmarest.

51. Mursia bicristimana, Alcock and Anderson.

Aleock and Anderson, J. A. S. B., Vol. LXIII., pt. ii.,, 1894, p. 197; and IIL.

Zool. R. I. M. S, ‘Investigator,’ Crustacea, pt. iv., pl. xxiv., fig. 5, (to be issued

in 1896).

The colours of this crab in life were: upper surface of leo and

carapace pale bluish-white studded with orange red granules, lower

surface white; fingers of chelipeds white, inner surface of merus of

chelipeds deep orange.

A large male, measuring 88 millim. from tip to tip of lateral spines

and 47°38 millim. antero-posteriorly, was trawled at Station 204, off

Colombo, 180-217 fms.

Tribe CYCLOMETOPA.

Family Corystoide.

TRICHOPELTARION, A. Milne-Hdwards.

52. Trichopeltarion ovale, n. sp.

As unfortunately no male of this species has hitherto been obtained,

104 A. R. 8. Anderson—Deep Sea Crustacea. [ No. 2,

it is with some doubt that I assign it a place in the genus Trichopel-

tarion. The enlargement of the first joint of the antennal base, the

production of the antero-internal angle of the ischium of the external

maxillipeds, the absence of spines from the extremity of the merus, and

the obliquity of the antero-internal angle of the same joint of the external

maxilliped serve to separate it from Hypopeltarion at the same time

showing its affinity to Trichopeltarion.

The carapace is egg-shaped, truncated posteriorly and slightly

flattened dorsally, where it is covered with short stiff hairs and short

tubercles the free extremities of which split into from 2-6 small teeth ;

in places the bases of two or more of these tubercles are confiuent.

Towards the margin of the carapace these multidentate tubercles are

gradually replaced by conical, short, sharp spines. On the under sur-

face of the carapace these diminish greatly in size and on the antero-

internal part of the pterygostomian region become mere granules, The

regions are defined by sulci.

A diamond-shaped sulcus, with its anterior extremity prolonged to

the base of the rostrum and its posterior extremity ending in the sulci

separating the median from the lateral regions, encloses about the mid-

dle two-thirds of the dorsum. The rostrum is similar to that of T.

nobile, bat the tip of the central spine is broken off. It appears to have

been not shorter than the lateral spines. Hxternal to these three spines

a deep notch, in which the base of the external antenna is visible from

above, separates the three central from another large spine carrying a

small spinule on its outer side.

From between this spine and the basal joint of the antenna

protrudes the eye peduncle. The external maxillipeds resemble those

of T. nobile except that the antero-internal border of the merus is not

concave, but straight although oblique. The basal joints of the 2nd

antenne are relatively longer than those of J. nobile. The 2nd joint

nearly reaches the tip of the 3 rostral spines and the 3rd joint much sur-

passes it. The ocular peduncle is long slender and slightly curved.

Both corneze have been accidentally destroyed. The orbit is bounded

above by a large multicuspidate tubercle, separated by wide notches both

from the tubercle from beneath which the eye emerges and from another

multicuspidate tubercle which limits the orbit externally.

A very broad notch again separates this latter tubercle from the

large spine-bearing tubercle which forms the floor of the orbit. The

inner margin of this tubercle is straight and almost parallel with the

outer margin of the first basal joint of the external antenna from which

it is separated by a deep notch.

All the legs are covered with long coarse hairs,

1896. ] A. R. 8. Anderson — Deep Sea Crustacea. 105

The chelipeds (in the female) are sub-equal. The merus and

ischium are curved to correspond with the much inflated branchiostomial

region. The former is triangular in section and bears sharp spines on

its upper and a few small spines on its lower external margins, The

outer and upper surfaces of the carpus are covered with short sharp

tubercles, of which one at the distal extremity is pre-eminent in size,

The hand is vertically elongated and studded with four rows of small

tubercles on its outer side and some scattered larger sharp tubercles on

its upper margin. The fingers are placed somewhat obliquely, leave a

slight hiatus at the base when closed, are 5- or 6-dentate on the cutting

edges and the movable one bears a few small tubercles on its upper

margin near its base.

The upper margin of the meri of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and the upper

margin and posterior surface of the merus of the 5th thoracic legs are

armed with sharp spines some 2 millims. in length. The carpi and

propodialso carry a few acuminate tubercles. The dactyli are long

and styliform.

The abdomen is covered with coarse yellow hairs and is seven jointed ;

a median ridge on all the segments except the last bears a few tuber-

cles; those on the lst and 2nd segments resemble the tubercles on the

posterior part of the carapace, but on the other segments they gradually

diminish in size to mere granules on the 6th, and on the 7th they are

absent.

Leneth of carapace including rostrum .,. 640 millim.

Breadth ,, ss ee 300.) OOD be

Depth __,, » including thickness of

abdominal segments Foon oon) ‘4

Greatest span tip to tip of 3rd ‘lens sno AAKOK) i

Length of chelipeds (along chord from tip

of dactylus to basis) ats see 0070 55

Colour in life pale bluish vellan

Station 204; 180-217 fms.

This species will be figured in the Illustrations of the Zoology of

the R. I. M.S. ‘Investigator,’ Crustacea, pt. iv., pl. xxv., figs. 4, 4a.

Tribe OXYRHYNCHA.

Family Majiide.

Scyramatoia, A. Milne-Edwards.

53. Scyramathia rivers-andersoni, Alcock.

Alcock, Carcinological Fauna of India, J. A. S. B., Vol. LXTV., pt. ii., 1895, p, 203

Ill. Zool. R. I. M. S. ‘ Investigator,’ Crustacea, pt. iv., pl. xxii, fies. 2 and 4,

Colour in life pale pink, deeper on chelipeds.

Station 197 ; 406 fms.

tr, 14

106 _ D. Prain — New genus of Orchidaceee, [No. 2,

OxypLevropon, Miers.

54. Oxypleurodon stimpsoni, Miers.

Miers, ‘Challenger,’ Brachyura, pp. 38, 39, pl. vi., fig. 1.

A small male, only 4 millim. in total length, was trawled near

Colombo, Station 204; 180-217 fms.

Colour in life orange.

New to the Indian fauna.

PuysacHaus, Alcock.

59. Physacheus ctenurus, Alcock.

Aleock, Carcinological Fauna of India, J. A. 8. B., Vol. LXIV, pt. ii, 1894,

p- 175, pl. iii., figs. 2, 2a. and b., Ill. Zool. R. I. M.S. ‘Investigator,’ Crustacea, pt. iv..

pl. xviii., fig. 1.

Colour in life pale salmon.

Off the Cochin coast. Station 197; 406 fms.

Order ISOPODA.

Family Aigide.

56. Alga, Leach.

A single specimen of an Aga, closely allied to Avga ventrosa, Sars,

and measuring 32 millim. in total length, was obtained at Station 184,

947 fms. When caught it was not adherent to any host. Colours in

life, white and brown in patches.

Oe eOEOeSe

Novicise Indicee XIJ.—Description of a new genus of Orchidacese.—

By D. Pratn.

[Recd. 28th April, Read 6th May. |

Among the Orchids of Sikkim sent to Caleutta by Mr. Pantling

during 1895, one of the most interesting was a singular little member

of the tribe Neottvee,—and within that tribe apparently most satisfac-

torily referable to the subtribe Limodoree—that did not seem to

fit into any hitherto described genus. Mr. Pantling’s specimens,

with a figure made from a fresh plant, were sent to Dr. King, then

absent in Europe, for comparison with the material preserved in the

national herbarium at Kew. The result of this comparison was to

confirm the writer’s conclusion. A definition of the new genus that it

is necessary to propose in order to accommodate the plant, witha

description of the plant itself, are now given. The genus is named in

honour of Mr. R. Pantling whose devotion to the study of this natural

order is so well-known, and whose exertions have so largely extended

our knowledge of the Sikkim Orchid-flora.

1896. | D. Prain— New genus of Orchidacee. 107

Nar. Orv. ORCHIDACEA.

Tribe Neorrinz ; Subtribe Limodoree.

Pantuineia Prain, gen. nov. Sepala subaequalia, libera, linearia vel

lineari-oblonga. Petala linearia patentia vel reflexa. Labelluwm in basi

columnae sessile, transverse ellipticum, parum concavum, margine

integro incurvum, facie superiore lineis 2 parallelis callosis prope basin

orientibus, versus medium tamen obsolescentibus notatum. Columna

parum incurva, apud antheram utrinqgue auriculata, ceterum exalata;

facie anteriore medio lamina breve transvers& horizontali, margine

subtruncata vel parum emarginata, basique processu linguaeformi

carnosa quam columnam ipsam dimidio breviore suberecté transverse

et inaequaliter 2-loba ornata. Pollinia paribus 2 basi cum rostello

angusto ligulato confluentia.

Species singula, sikkimensis.

PANTLINGIA PARADOXA Prain. Rhizome short, about half as thick

as a goose quill, pubescent. Stems 1-2, from 3-4 in. long, pubescent

near base, otherwise glabrous, bearing about the middle a single ovate

acute leaf -25 in. long. Flowers 2-3, racemose, ‘15 in., or with the

ovaries ‘4-6 in. Jong ; bracts ovate-acute about as long as the slender

pedicels. lateral sepals linear lying under and adpressed to the lip,

dorsal longer than lateral linear-oblong shghtly shorter than and

adpressed to the column. Jetals linear reflexed or spreading. Lip

‘sessile on the base of the column, transversely elliptic, entire, slightly

concave, the margins somewhat incurved ; the upper surface with 2

elongated parallel calli beginning near the base and becoming obsolete

about the middle. Column slightly bent forwards, with a rounded

auricle on each side of the anther, otherwise wingless; its anterior

surface bearing about the middle a short transverse horizontal sub-

truncate emarginate plate and, at its base just above the .insertion of

the lip, a sub-erect rigid transversely and unequally 2-lobed fleshy

tongue-like process half as long as itself. Anther with a vertical suture ;

pollinia in two pairs, confluent by their bases with the narrow strap-

shaped rostellum.

Sikkim Himataya: at Choongtong, elev. 6,000 feet.

The pollen masses are attached by their bases to the strap-shaped

rostellum which is not detachable from the top of the stigma. They

appear to fertilize the latter by the gradual absorption and disap-

pearance of the rostellum. The nearest alliance of the genus is with

Limodorum some of the species of which have small processes on the

column in the situation of those that are so highly developed in this

singular plant: the lip in Lomodorwm is however altogether different.

108 G. King— Notes on the Indian Species of Vitis. [No. 2,

Notes on the Indian Species of Vitis, Linn. By Guorcn Kine, M.B., LL.D.,

F.B.S., C.LE. Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta.

[Recd. 28th April, Read 6th May].

In working out the species of Vitis of the Malay Peninsula for my

‘“‘ Materials’ for a Flora of that region, I had occasion to examine, as

critically as I could, the species indigenous to British India ; and on

some of these I made notes for my own use. With the idea that per-

haps these notes, made in a large Herbarium, may possibly be of some

use to Indian Botanists less fortunately situated as regards access to

zood suites of specimens, I offer them to the Society this evening. The

numbers — where numbers are given -——are those of the species des-

eribed in Sir Joseph Hooker’s Flora of British India, by the late

Mr. M. A. Lawson, whose recent death at Ootacamund, his many friends

deplore.

3. V. sacirtiroLia, Laws. This is exactly V. hastata, Migq. (Ann.

Mus. Lugd. Bat. I, 85) and V. diffusa, Laws. |. c. 646 ; and is probably the

same plant that was named V. cerifera by T. and B. Itis part of what was

issued by Wallich as his V. glaberrima (Wall. Cat. 5991) : and it is that

part of it which Wallich described im Carey’s edition of Roxburgh’s

Flora Indica, and consequently that part of 5991 to which the name

V. glaberrima must be attached. The exact state of the synonymy 1s

given in the following note from my Materials for a Flora of the

Malay Peninsula, No. 8.

“Under the name V. glaberruma and the number 5991, Wallich

distributed two species of Vitis gathered partly in Penang and partly

in Singapore. These two gatherings are not, as is usual with Wallich’s

plants in similar cases, distinguished by letters. On two of the

four sheets of No, 5991 which are now present in the Calcutta _Her-

barium, ‘‘ Penang” is given as the locality ; and these agree with the

description of the species V. glaberrima (ex Penang) published by

Wallich in Carey’s abortive edition of Roxburgh’s Flora Indica (Vol. I,

476.) This Penang plant agrees absolutely with type specimens of

Vitis hastata, Miquel, and of V. sagittifolia, Lawson. On the third sheet

of No. 5991, in the Calcutta Herbarium, no locality is noted: on this

sheet is glued down a specimen of a different species which I have

identified as a variety of the one named V. cerasiformis by Teysmann

and Binnindyk many years after the issue of Wallich’s plants. The

fourth sheet of No. 5991 at Calcutta is occupied by stems of the latter

and a collection of leaves of both the former and latter. The V, glaber-

rima of Wallich is thus a mixed species ; and, as such, would have had

to be dropped, had uot Wallich published a description of his Penang

1896. | G. King — Notes on the Indiun Species of Vitis. 109

No. 5991 under that name in Carey’s edition of Roxburgh’s Flora Indica.”

This plant is distributed from Assam southwards to the Malay Peninsula,

and there are specimens of it in the Calcutta Herbarium from Siam

and Timor.

5. V. pentagona, Roxb. Fl. Ind. I, 408. A species described

by Roxburgh in seventeen words, and stated by him to be common in

the forests of Chittagong. Roxburgh has left no figure of this species

in the Calcutta Herbarium. Amongst the considerable collections

which have been made within recent years by men sent to Chittagong

from the Botanic Garden Calcutta, the only Vitis which might possibly

be identified with V. pentagona is V. repens, W. and A. Dr. Prain col-

lected in the Great Coco island a leaf specimen which.may possibly

belong to V. pentagona. The name has indeed been given by Kurz to four

specimens in the Calcutta Herbarium brought from different parts of

Burma, but the whole material is, in my opinion, too incomplete to form

a sound opinion upon; and I think that for the present V. pentagona,

Roxb,, should be considered as a doubtful species, allied to and perhaps

identical with, V. repens, W. and A.

6. V.GLABERRIMA, Wall. This, as accepted by Mr. Lawson, {see

note under V. sagittifolia) covers the two species issued by Wallich

under his No. 5991; wz., V. glaberrvma proper, and V. cerasiformis,

T. and B.

11. V. Heyyeana, Wall. Cat. 59838 A. This sheet A appears to

me to be one of several species included by Wallich in the seven gather-

ings which, (distinguished by Roman capital letters) he distributed

under the common name V. Heyneana. And, if the name is kept up at

all, this is the form which should be called V. Heyneana. It is, however,

to my eyes, exactly the plant to which Wight and Arnott gave the name

V. pallida ; and, as their description is a good one, and one which can

refer to only a single species, their name ought, in my opinion, to be

adopted, and Wallich’s should be abandoned.

15. V.Guauca, W. and A. Prod. Following Wight and Arnott,

Mr. Lawson has reduced to this V. Kleiniana, Wall. Cat. 6008 a and b.

In the Calcutta Herbarium these letters are represented by specimens,

one of which [ should refer to V. adnata ; the other I do not recognise.

But neither is V. glauca, Roxburgh, as described by that author in his

Flora Indica, and as figured by him in the Calcutta Herbarium. In

fact the only specimens which I have seen which appear to me to agree

with Roxburgh’s description and figure are Wall. Cat. 6819, which he

issued as Leea cordata, Wall., and Thwaites C. P..No. 2939, which was

issued by Thwaites as V. latifolia, Roxb. ?

14. V. assamica, Laws. is an excellent species, widely distributed

110 G. King — Notes ow the Indian Species of Vitis. [No. 2,

along the base of the Hastern Himalaya, Assam, Cachar, Chittagong

and Upper Burma. It was collected, so long ago as 1802, by Buchanan-

Hamilton in Assam, and occurs in the Calcutta set of Wallich’s plants

as No. 6001 A, under the name JV. costata, Wall. There is a sheet of

it also from Sylhet under the number 5998 F', and the general name

V. adnata, and the particular name being Cissus vitaginea, Herb. Ham.

15. V. cicantea, Bedd, I have seen no authentic specimen of

this, There is not one at Kew.

16. V.Repanpa, W.and A, A scandent species with pink flowers

and narrowly oblong fruit, the oldest name of which appears to be Cissus

repanda, Vahl. To this Mr. Lawson has reduced, and I believe rightly,

the most of the specimens issued by Wallich under the following names

and numbers—V. aguosa, Wall. Cat. 6000B; V, Wightiana, Wall. 6003 C ;

and V. riparia, Wall. 6038. To this species Kurz (As. Soc. Beng. for

1875, pt. 2, p. 176) gave the name V. Linnae:. He did so under the

impression that the species is the one to which Linnaeus gave the name

Cissus vitiginea, (Sp. Pl. 117.) Wallich, on the other hand, identifies

Cissus vitiginea, L. with the semi-erect shrub which Lamarck and De

Candolle (Prod. I, 629) name Cissus angulata. Planchon, the latest

writer on this family and who has consulted the type specimens involved,

states (DC. Mon. Phan. V, 473) that there is not the slightest doubt

that Wallich, Wight and Arnot, and Lawson are right. In my opinion

the Burmese specimens issued by Wallich as V. laeta Cat, No. 6002

should also be reduced to V. repanda.

17. V.apnata, Wall. Cat. 5998. Most of the letters of Wallich’s

5998 (they run up to I.) belong to the species which Roxburgh described

(Fl. Ind. I, 405) as Cissus adnata. But, amongst Wallich’s other num-

bers, some certainly belong to this species. Of these are No. 5999 B

issued as V. repens, Wall.; No. 6000 C issued as V. aquosa ; and

No. 5990 G issued as V. glauca, Wall. The species is really a very easily

recognised one, and the confusion made by Wallich is surprising. The

plant is found over almost the whole of India, and it runs down into

Burma and the Malayan Peninsula. In the latter country its pubescence

is rufous. A plant undistinguishable from this was collected in Sumatra

by Diepenhorst whose specimens (there is one in the Calcutta Her-

barium) were named Vitis pyrrhodasys, by Miquel.

19. V. Liywazt, Wall. Cat. 5987 appears to be the Cissus viti-

ginea of Linnaeus and also C. angulata of Lamarck. It would probably

be more correct to name this Vitis vitiginea. Kurz, disbelieving the

identity of C. vitiginea L. and C. angulata Lamk., suggested that this

should be called V. angulata.

26. V. BARBATA, Wall. is a very distinct species. The type of it

is Wall. Cat. No, 5997 ; but to it also belong (in the Calcutta set at

1896. } G. King— Notes on the Indian Species of Vitis, 111

least) Wallich’s No. 5995 C. and D. The species is admitted by Sir

Dietrich Brandis in his excellent Forest Flora of North-Western India.

It is distinguished by the mixture of soft pale hairs and dark subulate

bristles with which the young stems petioles and tendrils are covered.

The species is really a very distinct one; but it has been misunderstood

owing, I believe, mainly to a mistake of its author Wallich who mixed

under the name V. barbata specimens which hore the same number

(5994) as his species V. rugosa, and which really belong to V. rugosa.

As a rule the pubescence of V. barbata, is pale brown and not rufescent.

But in specimens from Perak the pubescence is pale ferrugineous and

the leaves are moreover slightly three-lobed. In other respects the

Perak plant agrees with specimens from Burma, the Andamans and

Sylhet. V. rugosa, Wall. to which this species is undoubtedly allied,

appears, however, to be quite separable. It has not the characteristic

bristles of V. barbata, and its pubescence is always rufescent. VJ,

rugosa has really little affinity with V. lanata, Roxb. to which it has

been reduced by Mr. Lawson and others.

27. Vitis LANATA Roxb. Very few species have been so mis-

understood as this. The plant described by Roxburgh, and of which

he left a beautiful coloured figure in the Calcutta Herbarium, was

found by him in the Circars, and it has sinee been collected in the

N.-W. Himalaya, Sikkim, Khasia, Assam and Upper Burma. It

has broadly-cordate acuminate exserted-serrate leaves both surfaces

of which, when young, have a scanty coating of white woolly hair.

It is at once distinguished by its bifurcate inflorescence, which consists

veally of two divaricating thyrses springing from the apex of a com-

mon peduncle. A glabrous variety of this is very common, and by that

variety the species so closely approaches V. parvifolia, Roxb., that

I do not think the latter can be maintained as a species. The only

differences that I can find between the twoare that in the latter the

leaves are sometimes 3-lobed, and the inflorescence is always much

smaller and shorter ; it is, however, bifurcate. The chief cause of the

misunderstanding of this species was no doubt the issue by Wallich,

under the name V. Janata, Roxb., of his No. 5995 B,—a species with

a coating of felted rufous tomentum on the young stems and tendrils

and on the under surfaces of the leaves. This (the Vitis lanata of

Wallich) is the plant figured under Roxburgh’s name by Decaisne in

Jacquemont’s Voyage dans l’Inde, Atlas, IT. PJ. 86. The oldest name for

the plant appears to me to be Vitis cordifolia, Roth (Nov, Spee. Pl.

158) a name which, owing to its pre-occupation by an American species

of Michaux’s, Roemer and Schultes (Vol. V, 318) changed to Vitis

TTeyneant, This species has tendril-bearing thyrses which do not bifur-

112 G, King —WNotes on the Indian Species of Vitis. [ No, 2,

cate, and its pubescence is felted and of a bright rufous colour, while

that of V.lanata is lax and of a pale colour. To V. lanata, Roxb.,

Lawson (following Wight and Arnott) reduces V. rugosa, Wall., a plant

which (as I have mentioned in my remarks under (. barbata, Wall.)

is a perfectly distinct good species. In fact V. lanata, as understood by

‘W. and A. and Lawson, is not Roxburgh’s plant at all; it is, however, the

V. lanata of Wallich, and of Decaisne.

30. Vuiris montana, Laws. is only a form of V. latifolia, Roxb. The

author of the species relies on the more corymiform shape of the in-

florescence to distinguish it from V. latifolia, and also on the presence of

long white hairs on the younger parts of the stem. But these are

characters of scarcely sufficient importance, even did they go together,

which they do not. Planchon also was of opinion (DC. Mon. Phan. V.

371), that V. montana, Laws., cannot be kept up.

32. ViTIS PARVIFOLIA, Roxb., cannot be kept distinct from V. lanata,

Roxb. (see notes on the latter).

33. Vitis inpica, Linn. As Trimen has pointed out in his Flora of

Ceylon (Vol. I., 288), the plant described under the name V. erioclada

by Wight and Arnott (Prod. 130), is exactly this plant, viz., the Schem-

bra Valli of Rheede (Hort. Malab. VII, t. 6). Wight and Arnott,

however, cite as their V. erioclada, the species with deeply-lobed leaves

figured by Rheede on his succeeding plate 7 —an obvious slip. Trimen’s

opinion on to the identity of V. ertoclada, W. and A. with V. indica, Linn,

rests on the solid foundation of actual inspection of Hermann’s speci-

men. Planchon (I. c. 379) gives the name Ampelocissus Arnottiana to

the plant which he identifies with that named V. indica, L. by Lawson ;

but what Planchon’s plant may really be I have not yet discovered.

Vitis Wieutrana, Wall. Cat. 6003 has not been accounted for in the

Flora of British India. There are three gatherings of it in Wallich’s

Catalogue, distinguished by the letters A. B.C. That marked A. may,

it appears to me, be treated either as a very tomentose form of JV. re-

panda with more globular fruit than usual, or as a distinct species.

Vitis costata, Wall. Cat. 6011 A and B, from Burma, is doubtfully

referred by Lawson, (1. ¢. 647) to either V. discolor Dalz or V. repens,

W.and A. In my opinion it is a good distinct species near the former.

Vitis Himatayana, Brandis For. Flora 100. This is the name

given by Sir D. Brandis to Ampelopsis Himalayana, Royle (Illust.

Him. Plants 149) Cissus himalayana, Walp. Rep. I, 441 and Vitis

neilgherrensis, Wight Ic. t. 965. Lawson treats as his variety semcor-

data of this species the plant issued by Wallich as No. 6020 of his

catalogue under the name Vitis semicordata. But Wallich’s name,

being older than either Royle’s or Wight’s, the position of the variety and

1896. ] G. King —WNotes on the Indian Species of Vitis. 113

species adopted by Lawson must be reversed. As amended, the matter

would, therefore, stand thus;

Vitis semicorpata, Wall. Cat. 6020; in Roxb. FI, Ind. Ed. Carey

and Wall. I. 481; V. Himalayana, Brandis var. semicordata, Lawson.

Parthenocissus semicordata Planch. DC. Mon. Phan. V. 451. Flowers 4-or

5-merous in subcorymbose dichotomous cymes; style short, stout. Fruit

4-seeded. Young branches petioles and the nerves of the under sur-

faces of the leaves hispid-pubescent, leaves 3-foliolate ; leaflets obliquely

elliptic, the lateral pair with the base rounded on the outer side and

narrowed on the inner, the odd leaflet with a cuneate base, all shortly

cuspidate and with crenate-serrate edges; fruit pisiform, black; seeds

obovoid-globular, nearly smooth, black.

Var. Roylei, King ; Vetis Himalayana, Brandis For. Flora 100 ; Laws.

in Hook fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 655; Ampelopsis Himalayana, Royle and

Neilgherrensis, Wight Ic. t. 965; Cissus himalayana, Wall. Rep. I. 441;

Parthenocissus cuspidifera, Planch. DC. Mon. Phan. V, 451 and C. Neilgh-

errensis, Planch. 1. c. 450.

All parts quite glabrous.

Vitis semicordata is by no means confined to the Himalaya. On the

contrary, both the typical form and its variety are found in Sikkim,

Khasia, the Neilgherries and Upper Burma. Another form, (viz., var.

Scortechinti, King) occurs in the Malayan Peninsula and in Java.

The variety has thicker leaves and larger flowers.

49, Vitis cAMpyLocaRPA, Kurz. To this must be referred the

plant issued by Wallich under the name Panax micranthum (Cat.

No, 4938).

Vitis PYCNANTHA, Coll. and Hemsl. Journ. Linn. Soc., Vol. XXVIII,

34, This species is not included in the Flora of British India, having

being discovered long subsequently to the publication of the Ampelidex

in that work. Its authors do not describe the fruit, which was un-

known when they published the species. The Collectors of the Calcutta

Bot. Garden having recently sent fruit from the Shan hills, I am enabled

to give the following description of it. Fruit globular, slightly rugu-

lose when dry, °35 in. in diam., with 2 or 3 seeds and scanty pulp;

seeds °35 in. long, pale, oblong, compressed, obscurely rugulose and with

a shallow vertical groove on the anterior face.

65. Vitis assimmuis Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Bengal for 1872, pt. ii.,

p. 302, has been reduced to a variety of Vitis lanceolaria by Lawson in

F, B. India I. 660. It is in my opinion a very distinct form, well

worthy of specific rank.

66. Vitis pupia, Laws. This is a good species, and is exactly

V. oryphylla, Wall. Cat. 6035, which name should supplant Lawson’s.

J. 15

114 G. King — New Indian Trees. [No. 2,

The species is near V. bracteolata, Wall., but has cymes with longer

peduncles and larger flowers. To this belong Wall. Cat. 6034 issued

by Wallich as V. serrulata.

There are in the Calcutta Herbm. many specimens of a Vitis from

the N.-W. Himalaya, Sikkim, the Khasia Hills, Assam and Upper

Burma, for which I can find noname. It comes very near to V. pedicel-

lata, Laws., but differs in the character of the hair on the lower sur-

face of the leaves being shorter and more uniformly spread over the

intercostal spaces; whereas in V. pedicellata, it is confined to the

nerves and veins, and the hairs are longer. ‘I'his plant may be a variety

of V. Heyneana, R. and §., less hairy than typical form,

Descriptions of some New Indian Trees.— By Guorce Kine, M.B., LL.D.,

F.R.S., C.L.E., Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta.

[Recd. 28th April, Read 6th May. |

Nar. Orv. Meliacesx.

DysoXYLUM RETICULATUM, n. spec. A tree 50 feet high; young

branches stout, striate, puberulous. Leaves 9 to 18 in. long, equally

pinnate ; the petiole flattened in front, the rachis angled, both puberu-

lous; leaflets 4 to 7 pairs, opposite or alternate, thinly coriaceous,

oblong, slightly unequal-sided, shortly acuminate, the base cuneate and

often oblique; both surfaces glabrous and minutely reticulate, the lower

glaucous when young, both pale when dry; length 3 to 7 in., breadth 1

to 2°25 in., petiolules ‘2 to 3 in. long. Racemes solitary, axillary, 6 to 8

in. long, tawny-puberulous, bearing flowers from near the base. Flowers

broadly ovoid in bud, about ‘25 in. long, rather remote, their pedicels

about ‘2 in. long, each with a subulate basal bracteole. Calyx cupular,

with 4 remote teeth, glabrous, fleshy. Petals 4, three or four times as long

as the calyx, elliptic, sub-acute, concave, hoary-puberulous on both

surfaces. Staminal tube cylindric, shorter than the petals, slightly

inflated about the middle, the mouth with 8 shallow emarginate teeth ;

hoary-puberulous externally, glabrescent internally ; anthers 8, oblong,

their apices much below the mouth of the tube. Disc tubular, short,

fleshy, glandular-pubescent, the mouth incurved and irregularly toothed.

Ovary depressed-hemispheric, 3-angled, 3-celled with 2 ovules in each

cell, pubescent, tapering into the stout sub-glabrous style ; stigma slightly

exserted, cylindric with a narrow basal annulus. Ripe fruit broadly

pyriform, the apex depressed, 3 in. long, and 2°5 in. in diam., rugulose

when young, glabrous and smooth when adult ; the pericarp crustaceous,

1896. | G. King —New Indian Trees. 115

15 in. thick. Seeds 3-angled, the posterior surface concave, 1°25 in.

long.

On the banks of the Teesta in Sikkim, King. Cachar, Prazer.

The nearest ally of this is D. binectariforwm, Bedd. from which

however, it differs conspicuously in its much smaller flowers, totally

different disc, and minutely reticulate leaflets,

Nar. Orv. Sapindacee.

Acer Paprinio, n. spec. A small tree; the young branches rusty-

tomentose at first but afterwards glabrous and with cinereous exfoliating

bark. Leaves simple, 5-lobed, the lobes caudate-acuminate and un-

equally serrate-lobulate; the base in adult leaves sub-truncate to sub-

cordate, in the young leaves deeply cordate; the upper surface glab-

rous except the puberulous middle nerve; the lower when young densely

covered with flexuose hairs deciduous with age except on the nerves,

the secondary nerves rather prominent beneath; length 4 to 6 in,

breadth 4 to 45 in., petiole 3 to 4 in. Inflorescence a raceme-like ter-

minal or axillary rusty-tomentose panicle 3 or 4in. long; the branch-

lets cymose, 2-flowered, and about ‘35 in. long. Flowers ‘2 in. in diam.,

ou pedicels slightly longer than themselves. Sepals 5, oblong, sub-

obtuse, pubescent on the nerves and edges. Petals 5, oblanceolate-linear,

glabrous except the pubescent claw. Disk fleshy with 8 large and

2small quadrate lobes. Stamens 8, inserted inside and between the

lobes of the disc; anthers oblong, minutely warted; the filaments

slightly flattened, glabrous. Ovary rusty-tomentose ; styles glabrous,

bifid. Fruit 1-25 in. in length and the same in breadth at the apex, the

wings obliquely and broadly rhomboid-triangular, the outer side of

each the longest and the inner the shortest, slightly puberulous and

with bold forking veins, the nucule about °3 in. in diam.

Sixeim Himataya: Sir J. D. Hooker, at elevations of 11,000 to

12,500 ft.; Phalut at 11,500 ft. and Lachong Valley, elevat. 12,500 ft.,

G. A. Gammie. Jongri, R. Pantling.

A species which has hitherto been confused with A, caudatum

Wall. and A. pectinatum, Wall. from both of which it is at once distin-

guished by its paniculate inflorescence—that of A. caudatum being

fasciculate, while that of A. pectinatum is a few-flowered simple raceme.

The wings of the samara of this are also broader than those of the other

two. The disc of the flower in this species has 8 large square lobes,

but at two points which stand opposite to each other the disc has a

fold in it, and hidden in each of these folds there lies a small lobe.

The disc is thus really 10-lobed, although at a superticial glance only 8

lobes are visible.

116 G. King— New Indian Trees, [No. 2,

Nar. Orv. Sabiacex.

MeiosmA CoLLBTIANA, n. spec. <A tree; young branches decidu-

ously rusty-puberulous, lenticellate. Leaves unequally pinnate, the

rachises coarsely puberulous; leaflets about 7, coriaceous, oblong or

elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate, the edges coarsely remotely and

sharply serrate, the bases oblique, cuneate; upper surface glabrous

except the rusty, pubescent midrib, when dry minutely pitted; lower

surface much reticulate, pale brown when dry, sparsely puberulous, the

midrib and 7 to 9 pairs of rather prominent ascending main nerves

rusty-pubescent, length 2°5 to 4 in., breadth 1°2 to 1°8 in.; petiolules

30, the terminal one about 6 in. Panicles terminal, pedunculate,

about as long as the leaves while in flower, longer while in fruit, many-

branched, spreading. lowers minute, (less than ‘05 in. diam.) solitary

or in pairs, shortly pedicellate ; bracteole single. Sepals 4, broadly ovate,

concave, puberulous externally. Petals and stamens not seen. Ovary

broadly ovoid, tomentose, not so long as the cylindric glabrous style.

Young fruit sub-globular, compressed, keeled, subglabrous except at

the gibbous pubescent base.

Burma: Maymyo Hill, 40 miles from Mandalay ; native collectors.

This has, so far as I know, been collected only by the native col-

lectors of the Botanic Garden, Calcutta, whose work was kindly super-

vised by Major-General Sir Henry Collett, K. C. B., who commanded

the troops in Upper Burma during 1888.

MELIOSMA FERRUGINEA, Kurz MSS. in Herb. Calc. A large tree ; the

young branches petioles under surfaces of the leaves and the inflorescence

densely and minutely rusty-tomentose. Leaves simple, coriaceous, elliptic-

oblong to oblanceolate-elliptic, shortly and abruptly acuminate, the edges

with a short tooth at the end of each of the main nerves, the base cuneate :

upper surface glabrous except the minutely tomentose midrib and

nerves ; the lower rusty-pubescent except on the midrib nerves and

veins, conspicuously reticulate; main nerves 18 to 24 pairs, spreading,

prominent on the lower surface; length 7 to 12 in, breadth 2°25 to

4:25 in., petiole ‘8 to 15 in. Panicle terminal, erect, longer than

the leaves, much-branched, many-flowered. Flowers ‘05 in. in diam,,

sessile in the short ultimate spicules; bracteoles 2 to 4, oblong, concave,

unequal, the larger about the size of the sepals. Sepals 5, concave,

sub-orbicular, larger than the petals, pubescent outside. Petals 5, the

outer three sub-orbicular, valvate, glabrous; the inner two small and

irregular, each with a stamen opposite to it. Perfect stamens 2 or 3, the

anthers broad and hooded, the filament short. Fruit sub-orbicular,

slightly compressed, sub-gibbous at the base, keeled, °35 in. indiam.

Sikkim : at Lebong T. Thomson: at Ging, Gamble No. 320; Phub-

sering, Gamble No. 9704: Ryang Valley at 2,000 feet, King.

1896. G. King — New Indian Trees. 117

This species approaches more closely to M. Wightw, Planch. than to

any other ; but its pubescence is much denser and more rusty, its flowers

are much smaller and less crowded than in that plant, and its leaves have

many more main nerves. It also resembles M. pungens, but is a much

larger and more robust plant with larger, less deeply serrate, leaves and

larger fruit. It was collected so long ago as 1857 by the late Dr. T.

Thomson, F. R. 8S. at that time Superintendent of the Botanic Garden,

and has been sparingly collected since.

Nat, Orv. Anacardiacez.

SEMECARPUS SUBSPATHULATUS, n. spec. A small tree ; young branches

as thick as a goose-quill, glabrous, their bark brown when dry. Leaves

membranous, entire, sub-spathulate, obovate-lanceolate or obovate-ellip-

tic ; the apex broad and rounded or sub-acute, narrowed in the lower

two-thirds to the short petiole ; upper surface shining, and with a few

short scattered adpressed hairs; lower surface pale brown when dry,

distinctly reticulate, the prominent midrib and main nerves and also

the veins with spreading stiff scattered hairs; main nerves 18 to 20

pairs, spreading, interarching freely within the edge; length 5 to 11 in.

breadth (at the widest part) 2 to 5 in.; petiole ‘25 to ‘4 in., channelled

on the upper surface, sparsely pubescent. Inflorescence consisting of

slender axillary mixed racemes shorter than the leaves, or of a slender

terminal panicle of racemes longer than the leaves, minutely and

coarsely pubescent. Male flowers about ‘1 in. in diam,, in little distant

eymulose fascicles on the racemes or panicles and on pedicels shorter

than themselves. Calyx cupular, deeply divided into 5 slightly unequal

oblong-rotund blunt segments, pubescent outside, glabrous inside.

Petals 5, valvate, longer than the calyx-segments, ovate, sub-acute,

glabrous. Stamens 5, all perfect; the anthers cordate and the filaments

thickened at the base; disk fleshy, convex, glabrous; ovary 0. Female

flowers unknown. Drupe (when young) ovoid, glabrous, crowned by the

remains of 3 short deflected styles bearing large transversely oblong

capitate stigmas.

Urrer Burman; exact locality unknown. Calcutta Botanic Garden

Collectors.

This is a very distinct species of Semecarpus, the nearest ally of

which is 8, subracemosa, Kurz.

LEE eS

118 G. King & R. Pantling— New Orchids from Sikkim. (No. 2,

A second series of New Orchids from Sikkim.— By G. Kine & KR. Paytuine.

[Reed. 28th April, Read 6th May. |

In the third number of the Society’s Journal for last year we printed

descriptions of thirty-three new species of orchids recently discovered

in Sikkim. Subsequent study of these, and a more careful comparison

of them with the forms most closely allied to them, have since led us

to believe that two of them cannot be upheld as good species, These

two are Bulbophyllum cylindricum, which we now believe to be B. lept-

anthum, Hook. fil.; and Cirrhopetalum Dyerianwm, which should, as we

now think, be reduced to B. parvulwm, Hook. fil. This evening we

submit to the Society descriptions of a further instalment of novelties

amounting to thirty. A large proportion of these have been collected

in the Lachoong and Lachen valleys, at elevations varying from 7,000

to 12,000 feet. Amongst these Alpine forms there are no less than

three new species of Listera—a genus of which only four species were

previously known to inhabit British India. There is also a new species

of Corysanthes—a genus not hitherto found farther north than the

mountains of the province of Perak in the Malay Peninsula; and a new

genus which forms a connecting link between Tipularia and Corallo-

rhiza, for which we have proposed the name Dzdiceia.

Epidendrez.

MIicROSTYLIS SAPROPHYTA, n. spec. ‘Terrestrial, leafiess, saprophytic ;

the whole plant 3 to 6 in. high, glabrous. Stem bulbous at the base,

with a few short crowded sheaths just above the bulb and 2 or 3

scattered lanceolate bracts ‘35 in. long. Raceme 1 to 2 in. long, lax;

floral bract lanceolate, equalling or exceeding the sub-sessile ovary.

Flowers ‘12 in. long, inverted. Sepals ovate, blunt. Petals linear; the

dorsal sepal reflexed and adpressed to the ovary, the lateral sepals and

the petals revolute. Lip rotund-reniform, entire, with a semi-lunar con-

vex fold in the middle of the upper surface; the basal auricles erect,

rather short and broad, sub-acute.

Sikkim Himalaya, at Choongthang, elevation 6,000 feet. R.

Pantling, No. 394.

The flowers, which are greenish, open about July.

A singular plant, quite unlike any other species in the genus. The

bulb at the base of the stem is about ‘35 in. in diameter.

DIDICIBA, King and Prain.

( EPIDENDREARUM novwm genus).

Sepals free, spreading, subequal, narrow. Petals like the sepals.

1896.| G. King & R. Pantling— New Orchids from Sikkim. 119

Tip sessile on the base of the column and parallel to it, equal in length

to the sepals, fleshy, ovate-oblong, concave, blunt, without lobes or teeth ;

spur minute. Column half as long as the sepals and lip, wingless.

Anther terminal, two-celled, convex, rather broad. Pollinia 4, free,

waxy, and without appendages, unequal in size, obovoid.

As regards habit and external appearance this genus very closely

resembles JZ%pularia, to which it is indeed allied. It differs however

from that genus notably in its pollinia having no appendages. The

column in this is shorter than in Jipularia, and the lip has no lobes of

any kind and only a minute straight pouch, scarcely amounting to a

spur; whereas in Tipularia the spur is much longer than the ovary and

much curved; the lip is also different in the two. The pollinia of this

are in fact like those of the aphyllous genus Corallorhiza in form. In both

genera the masses are unequal: the anterior pair being the larger. The

column in this is also like that of Corallorhiza, except in the absence of

any trace of wings: the lip of this is however sessile on the column,

whereas in Corallorhiza the lip is clawed atthe base. In Tipularia

the inflorescence is a scape rising from the base of the leaf-bearing

pseudo-bulb, whereas in Didiceia the inflorescence proceeds from the

apex of the pseudo-bulb.

The genus is dedicated to its original Collector Dr. D. D. Cunning-

ham, F. R.S., C. I. H., and the consonants in the name proposed for it,

are derived from his initials.

Dipicitea CunnincHami, King and Prain. Terrestrial, with a small

pseudo-bulb bearing from its side a single leaf and from its summit a

scape 5 to 9 in. long about one-third of which is spike. Leaf broadly

ovate, 3-nerved, sub-acute the edges undulate, slightly narrowed at the

base to the narrow channelled petiole; length 1°5 in., breadth -85 in. ;

petiole ‘5 in., slightly expanded at the base. Scape with two or three

distinct blunt convolute sheaths ; spike 1 tol: 5 in. long, laxly-flowered,

elongating in fruit, Flowers ‘1 in. long: floral bract minute, triangular,

shorter than the pedicel of the ovary. Sepals and petals sub-equal,

narrowly oblong, blunt; spur of the lip very short, pointed.

Sikkim: in the Lachen Valley; the exact elevation unknown,

but probably about 12,000 feet; in flower in July. Cunningham (with-

out note of locality or elevation); Pantling No. 396.

This was originally collected by Dr. D. D. Cunningham, F.R.S., -

C.1.E., in the Sikkim Himalaya in 1889. It has more recently been

brought in by the collectors of the Botanic Garden, Calcutta.

BULBOPHYLLUM, Thouars.

BULBOPHYLLUM GRACILIPES, n. spec. Rhizome *15 in. thick, with the

remains of sheathing bracts at the joints and with leaves at interyals of

120 G. King & R. Pantling — New Orchids from Sikkim. [No. 2,

from 1:25 to 1°75in. Pseudo-bulbs none. Leaves sub-coriaceous, oblanceo-

late or oblanceolate-elliptic, blunt and minutely bifid at the apex (some-

times obliquely so) much narrowed to the base; length 2-2°25 in. breadth

‘75 in. Scapes erect, filiform, slightly exceeding the leaves and bearing one

or two small sheathing bracts, the flowers in a terminal capitulum °35 in. in

diam, Floral bract one half as long as the shortly-stalked ovary. Flowers

‘Lin. in diam., dorsally flattened, fleshy, and of a dull purple throughont.

Sepals 3-neryed; the dorsal broadly triangular, acute, concave and

covering the column; the laterals ovate, acute, spreading. Petals

oblong, oblique, acute, I-nerved. Lip tumid, broadly ovate, convex,

papillose, the basal portion rectangular and deeply grooved; column

with broad faleate arms having a short soft tooth at the end of each.

Anther flattened, pollinia in ovoid pairs.

Sikkim Himalaya: at an elevation of 1,500 feet, flowering in

September and October, R. Pantling No. 242.

This species, although quite distinct from B. zylophyllum, Reichb.

fil. is allied to it. The latter has more coriaceous leaves with broad blunt

emarginate apices.

IONE, Lindl.

TONE INTERMEDIA, n. spec. Ethizome less than ‘1 in. thick, smooth.

Pseudo-bulbs *5 in. long, ovoid, semi-transparent, less than 1 in. apart,

each bearing a single sessile linear leaf notched at the apex 2 to 4 in.

long and ‘25 in. broad. Scape slightly longer than the psendo-bulb,

zig-zagged, enclosed at the base by two or three sheaths and bearing

1 to 3 flowers. Floral bracts lanceolate, equalling or longer than the

shortly-stalked ovary. Flowers pale green, ‘5 in. long, Sepals lanceo-

late, spreading, ‘25 in. long, the laterals lying under the lip and coher-

ing by their tips. Petals linear, more or less twisted and with broad

dilated serrate bases. Lip sessile, slightly shorter than the sepals,

lanceolate-acuminate ; the base dilated, shghtly concave and with small

rounded lobes. Column rather broad, with narrow wings near the

middle, Rostellwm elongated, deflexed. Pollinia 4, attached in pairs to

two strap-shaped caudicles ; gland reniform.

Sikkim: at Tendong, elevation 6,C00U feet; flowerimg in June.

Pantling No. 161.

The attachment of the pollinia in pairs to the large, stiff, strap-

shaped caudicles—so different from the arrangement in Bulbophyllum—

appears to us a character of sufficient importance to warrant the reten-

tion of Jone as a genus. In Bulbophyllum (to which Jone has been

reduced) there is no caudicle. This is not, however, the only distine-

tive character ; for, in Jone, the lip is sessile and firmly attached to the

1896.] G. King & R. Pantling —New Orchids from Sikkim. 121

very slightly produced base of the column; whereas in Bulbophyllum

it is jointed to the produced foot of the column and is more or less

mobile. In spite therefore of the great authority of Mr. Bentham

and Sir Joseph Hooker, we venture to restore the genus Jone as it was

understood by Lindley.

ERIA, Lindl.

ERIA CLAUSA, n. spec. Rhizome ‘15 in. thick, jointed, smooth, with

afew short membranous sheaths. Psewdo-bulbs about 2 in. apart, 1°25

to 15 long and ‘75 in. in diam, ovoid-ellipsoid, blunt at the apex, the

bases clothed with the fibrous remains of sheaths. Leaves membranous,

in pairs, narrowly lanceolate, tapering to each end, sessile, 4 to 6 in.

long and 8 to 1 in. broad. Scapes rather shorter than the leaves, one

or two from the summit of the pseudo-bulb, each enveloped for more

than half its length by a narrow convolute sheath; raceme stout, erect;

jlower bracts nearly obsolete, and represented by slightly thickened

rings at the bases of the stalked ovaries. Flowers from 15 to 20, about

3 in. long, slightly shorter than the ovaries, the buds often not ex-

panding. Sepals and petals oblong, blunt. Lp oblong, with two rounded

oblique lateral lobes near the apex, the short caruncled rounded

midlobe with 5 to 7 vertical lines, the edges entire, the disc with 3

parallel raised slightly sinuous vertical lines. Colwmn long; rostellum

flattened against the back of the clinandrium. Stigma small, with two

sub-globular convexities inside its lower margin.

Sikkim; not uncommon at elevations of 3,000 to 5,000 feet; flower-

ing during February and March.

This species is closely allied to H. wittata Lindl., but is a much

smaller plant. The flowers of both are, however, alike in form and colour-

ation, with the exception that the lip of this has lateral lobes while

in H. vitiata the lip is entire; and that the lip of this has 3 elevated ver-

tical lines on its surface, whereas the lip in H. vitiata has 5 crenulate

wavy ridges. The time of flowering of the two species is the same,

and they are found in similar situations. In many cases the flowers of

this do not open; nevertheless the ovaries set seeds, and capsules form

and ripen, self-fertilization being effected by the rostellum being remoy-

ed from its normal position and pressed against the body of the clinan-

drium, thus permitting the pollinia to come into direct contact with the

stigma.

CALANTHE, R. Br.

CaLANTHE WHITEANA, n. spec. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate,

much narrowed towards the sessile base, 2 to 3 feet long, and 1°5 in.

J. u 16

122 G. King & R. Pantling — New Orchids from Sikkim. [No. 2,

broad at the widest part. Scape stout, together with the densely

flowered raceme 2 to 4 feet long, puberulous, with a few short scattered

sheaths. Flower bracts 1 in. or more in length, lineay, acuminate,

deflexed, about as long as the ovaries. Jlowers 1 in. across, yellow.

Sepals “4 in. long, ovate, sub-acute, 5-nerved, reflexed, and resting upon

the stalked ovary. Petals elliptic-lanceolate, acute, narrowed towards

the base, ereet. Lip very short, sessile, inserted at the top of the column,

transversely elliptic or quadrate, 2-lebed ; the lobes reflexed, their margins

entire or sub-crenate, with 5 crested lines running along the centre

from base to apex. Column short and stout: stigmatic surface on

each side of the entrance to the spur. Spwr exceeding the stalked ovary,

sub-clavate, slightly curved, sparsely pubescent, the inner wall with hair-

like papillae m the upper half. Pollinia clavate, in 4 pairs, attached to

an oblong gland.

Sikkim; at Choongthang, elevation 6,000 feet ; flowering in May, the

flowers sweet-scented. RR. Pantling No. 365.

This species comes nearest to CO. Manni, Hook. fil. which has,

however, a very short spur. This is as yet a little known plant, only a

few specimens having hitherto been gathered.

Vandez.

SACCOLABIUM, Blume.

SACCOLABIUM LANCIFOLIUM, n. spec. Stem pendulous, § to 12 in.

long. Leaves fleshy, linear, acuminate, aristate at the apex, slightly

keeled, 3 to 5 in. long and °25 to ‘3in. broad. Racemes axillary, densely-

flowered, pendulous, 1° 5 to 2 in. long, their peduncles as long as themsel-

-yes and bearing a few membranous lanceolate scattered bracts. Flowers

yellow, °25 in. long ; floral bracts minute, triangular, much shorter than

the sessile ovary. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, very concave, the apex

broad and slightly emarginate, the laterals obliquely obovate, blunt, all

three connivent. Petals oblong, blunt. Lip boat-shaped, its limb about

as long as the sepals, the apex with a large callus behind it. Spur

funnel-shaped, longer than the ovary, much curved forwards, its apex

not thickened. Column very short, the rostellum beaked. Pollinia 2

pairs, small, globular-ovoid, attached to the inflexed beak of the caudicle;

caudicle broad below the beak, much narrowed tothe base; gland

elongate, notched at its base.

Sikkim : at Rissisoom, elevation 6,000 feet; flowering in June.

Allied to the Khasia species §. acuminatwm Hook. fil., but with

smaller flowers, longer, narrower, and more sparsely arranged leayes

and also with shorter stems.

1896.] G. King & R. Pantling— New Orchids from Sikkim, 123

SARCANTHUS, Lindl.

SARCANIHUS BAMBUSARUM, n. spec. Stem only *5 to 1 in. long.

Zeaves 2 to 4, fleshy, linear, keeled, sub-acute, 3 to 6 in. long and °3 to

"35 1n. broad. Peduscle and raceme pendulous, equalling or exceeding the

leaves, the former with a few distant narrow clasping sheaths about

“25 in. long; raceme rather sparsely-flowered, about equal in length to

its peduncle, the rachis grooved; floral bracts lanceolate, shorter than

the sessile ovaries. Flowers °35 in. across, yellowish, blotched with

brown. Dorsal sepal hooded, entire, covering the column, the laterals

broadly obovate with broad bases. Petals sub-rotund, clawed, half

hidden by the dorsal sepal. Lip with a triangular acute fleshy midlobe,

two large rectangular basal lobes, and a short horizontal widely funnel-

shaped septate spur; upper surface of the lip with a callus midway,

the entrance to the spur closed by the long thin septum the tip of

which rests on the labellar callus. Column short with a fleshy in-

eurved arm on each side of the rostellum. Pollinia in 2 flattened pairs;

the gland minute, cordate.

Sikkim: at Sembree, elevation 1,500 feet; in flower during May.

Pantling No. 211.

Mr. Pantling’s field note on this very interesting little species is

as follows: —‘‘ All my 128 specimens were gathered on living Bamboos,

upon which only this plant appears to grow. It takes up its quarters

at the origin of the branches from the stems, the roots obtaining their

nutriment from the decaying bracts and scales; no plants were found

attached to the internodes of the stems.”

CLEISOSTOMA, Blume.

CLEISOSTOMA ARMIGERA, mn. spec. Hrect, rigid, glabrous, 4 to 8 in.

high. Leaves rather distant, semi-terete with acute spinous points and

wrinkled sheathing bases, cellular when dry; length 2° 5 to 3 in. and

about 25 in. in thickness. Racemes about ‘5 in. long, en short pedun-

cles. Flowers ‘25 in. across, crowded; floral bracts lanceolate, shorter than

the subsessile ovaries. Sepals sub-equal, broadly ovate, acute, concave,

spreading, much larger than the lanceolate petals. Lip with an ovate

obtuse midlobe, slightly concave and with a large callus on its disc,

the side lobes small erect and triangular; spur horizontal, stout,

blunt, about as long as the lip, non-septate ; columnar callus recurved,

dilated at its upper margin and prolenged into two diverging teeth,

bipartite below, resting on the labellar callus and thus closing the

entrance tothe spur. Pollinia in 2 pairs, the caudicles with slightly

incurved margins ; gland large, its margins decurved:

Sikkim : commen in tropical valleys, flowering time September.

124 G. King & R. Pantling— New Orchids from Sikkim. (No. 2,

Neottiez.

PHYSURUS, Richard.

PHYSURUS HERPYSMOIDES, n. spec. Whole plant 8 to 10 in. high;

the stem about °25 in. thick at the base, the lower part leafy and

glabrous, the upper or flower-bearing part pubescent and bracteolate.

Leaves 3 or 4, obliquely ovate, acute, tapering below to the channelled

sheathing petiole, 5-to 7-nerved; length 2°5 to4 in., breadth 1°25 to 1°75

in., petiole 1:25 in. Bracts of the upper part of the stem nearly 1 in. long,

lanceolate, acuminate, adpressed. Raceme abrupt, Zin. or less in length;

floral bracts finely acuminate, slightly longer than the ovaries. Flowers

(to the tip of the spur) about °75 in. long. Sepals oblong-lanceolate,

3-nerved, sparsely pubescent, spreading, “4 in long. Petals linear,

dilated towards their cohering apices, 1-nerved. Lip adpressed to the

column, oblong, 5-nerved; the terminal lobe small, transversely oblong

entire, deflexed ; the side lobes erect, sub-truncate ; the spur shorter

than the ovary, wide, slightly inflated below and bifid at the apex.

Anther lanceolate, with a deep clinandrium which extends to the base

of the column. Pollinia clavate ; the gland linear.

British Bhotan, above Engo ; elevation 5,000 feet, in flower during

April; Pantling, No. 255.

This somewhat resembles P. Blumei, Lindl. but has a shorter and less

pubescent inflorescence, longer bracts and larger flowers. The leaves

have alsotwice as many nerves. The sepals and petals of this are of a

pale reddish-brown and the lip is white just as in P. Blumez.

ANCSCTOCHILUS, Blume.

AN@CTOCHILUS SIKKIMENSIS, n. spec. Whole plant 6 to 9 in. high.

Stem procumbent and about -25 in. thick near the base, with 4 or 5

leaves, glabrous. Leaves elliptic-ovate, acute, narrowed to the broad

sheathing petiole; the upper surface very dark red with a velvety

sheen and veined with golden yellow; length 2 to 2°5 in., breadth 1 to

1:35 in., petiole ‘65 in.; peduncle of the raceme with several distant

sheathing acuminate bracts ‘5 in. long. Raceme 1°75 to 2:25 in. long,

puberulous. Flower bracts lanceolate, shorter than the glandular-pubes-

cent ovaries. Flowers ‘6 in. long. Dorsal sepal oblong, blunt, concave;

laterals oblong, acute, spreading. Petals dimidiate, straight along the

inner margin, dilated upwards along the outer, and broadly beaked near

the apex. Inp with two terminal divergent cuneate lobes, the claw

with 4 pairs of short forward-pointing teeth. Spur short, pouch-like,

bifid, the calli within it ovoid. Column with two parallel raised lines

below the large ovate rostellum resting on a large forcipate process,

1896.] G. King & R. Pantling—New Orchids from Sikkim. 125

beneath which again are two flat converging calli. Gland embraced by

the united bases of the caudicles; pollinia flattened curved, oblong,

sub-equal in length.

Srexim: at 3,000 to 5,000 feet elevation, not uncommon; flowering

in September. Pantling No. 285.

The sepals are olive green and white; the lip is white, the teeth

of the claw being green, as are also the column and spur.

This differs from A. Roxburghii (which it resembles in leaves) in its

smaller flowers, differently shaped petals and pollinia, also in the ter-

minal lobes of the lip and in the teeth of the claw which in this are

much smaller. Its nearest ally is however A. Griffithii, Hook. fil., a

species of the Naga Hills, which has green leaves without reticulations

and a more distinctly winged claw with larger teeth and a longer spur.

ODONTOCHILUS, Blume.

ODONTOCHILUS TORTUS, n. spec. Whole plant 6 or 7 in. high. Stem

decumbent at the base, stout, bearing 4 or 5 leaves, glabrous. Leaves

green in colour, 3-nerved, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute, slightly

oblique, narrowed at the base into the channelled sheathing petiole;

length about 2 in., breadth 75 to 1 in., petiole ‘75 in. Peduncle of the

raceme pubescent and bearing a solitary acuminate pubescent bract.

Raceme about 1°5 in. long, 3- to 6-flowered ; floral bract lanceolate, acu-

minate, thinly pubescent, equalling the ovary. Flowers ‘75 in. long.

Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, concave, forming with the petals a hood over

the column; the laterals oblong, blunt and spreading, all pubescent

outside. Petals falcately rhomboid, sub-acuminate, mottled with pale

green. Ip with a short sub-globose saccate base, a long toothed claw,

and a much twisted limb deeply divided into two sub-quadrate slightly

divergent irregularly crenate end-lobes the upper margins of which are

conniyent, the sac containing two approximate stout up-turned teeth ;

the claw with nine unequal teeth on each margin. Column with two

small approximate up-turned teeth below the entire stigma; arms of

the rostellum large, winged, bidentate. Pollinia in sub-equal pairs,

united midway into a pseudo-caudicle; the gland small, ovate, lateral.

Bhotan: at Kumai near the Jaldaca river, elevation about 4,000

feet; flowering in December. Pantling No. 354.

The nearest ally of this species is undoubtedly, O. Elwesti, Clarke ;

but that species has very dark purple leaves smaller than those of this

and thicker in texture. O. Hlwesii besides has alonger more pubes-

cent scape than this, and it never bears more than three flowers.

Moreover the lip of O. Elwesw is not twisted, andits claw has only

seven pairs of teeth, while the sac of the lip is bilobed and the column

has large processes.

126 G. King & R. Pantling—New Orchids from Sikkim. [No. 2

LISTERA, R. Brown.

LISTERA BREVICAULIS, n. spec. Whole plant 6 to 9 in. high; the

very stout stem bearing quite close to the ground a pair of unequal ota

rotund acute leaves ‘8 tol in. long; the peduncle of the inflorescence

sparsely puberulous and with two Sete linear-lanceolate bracts ‘6 in.

long. Haceme 2 to 4 in. long, puberulous, with 12 to 16 scattered dull

green flowers ‘25 in. long; floral bracts ovate-lanceolate, acute, longer

than the pedicel of the ovary. Sepals and petals sub-equal, shorter

than the lip, lanceolate, acute, sub-connivent. Lip obcordate and

with a thickened mesial line throughout its entire length; the apical

lobes broad and blunt, their edges recurved and meeting underneath,

the base much narrowed and with 2 conical forward-pointing teeth at

its junction with the short column.

Sikkim: in the Lachen Valley, elevation 9,000 feet; flowering in

July. Pantling No. 392.

LIsTERA ALTERNIFOLIA, n. spec. Height of entire plant 8 to 10 in.

Stem glabrous, 6 in. long, sheathed at the base by a blunt oblanceolate

bract nearly 2 in. long, and bearing near its apex 2 alternate or sub-

opposite, more or less obovate or elliptic leaves -5 to ‘6 in. long.

Raceme pedunculate, puberulous, bearing 7 to 9 distant nodding olive-

green flowers nearly °25 in. across; floral bract lanceolate, about as

long as the slender pedicel of the ovary. Sepals lanceolate, spreading,

acute. Petuls narrowly oblong, blunt. Ip rather longer than the

sepals, oblanceolate-oblong, with a thickened central line from base to

apex, the apex blunt and shortly 2-lobed, with the margins ciliolate,

the base broad and with a wart-like callus at each side. Colwmm short,

stout, curved. :

Sikkim: Lachen Valley, elevation about 10,000 feet, in flower

in July; Pantling No. 390.

A species of which the leaves are usually alternate, whereas in all

other species of the genus they are opposite.

LISTERA LONGICAULIS, n. spec. Length of the whole plant 6 to 14

in., of which half is the raceme and its peduncle. Stem rather stout,

glabrous. Leaves at the apex of the stem, orbicular-ovate to reniform,

sub-acute or blunt, about 1:25 in. long and 1°5 in. broad. Raceme

pedunculate, puberulous, with 8 to 14 distant olive green flowers ‘6 in.

long. Ovary with its pedicel ‘4 in. long; floral bract lanceolate, about

as long as the slender pedicel. Dorsal spall ovate-lanceolate, erect ;

lateral sepals and petals linear-lanceolate, sub-falcate, all slightly

reflexed. Lip large, three times as long as the lateral sepals, flat, ovate-

elliptic, the apex blunt and rather deeply bifid, the margins minutely

ciliolate ; the upper surface with a thickened mesial line from base to

1896.] G. King & R. Pantling— New Orchids from Sikkim. 127

apex from which radiate glandnlar-pubescent branching nerves.

Column rather long.

Lachen Valley, elevation about 7,000 feet, in flower in July;

Pantling No. 391.

A species resembling L. japonica, Bl., which however is a smaller

more slender plant with a much more deeply bifid lip.

ZEHUXINE, Lindl.

ZBUXINE PULCHRA, n. spec. Height of the whole plant about 6

inches. Stem glabrous. Leaves 3 or 4, rather crowded, ovate, sub-

acute, coriaceous; the upper surface blackish-purple, the midrib white ;

the petiole short, broad and sheathing at the base, length about 1 in.,

breadth ‘66 to°75 m. Peduncle of the spike 3 in. long, covered with

sparse flexuous white hairs and bearing 2 sheathing bracts. Sprke under

1 in. long, 2-3-flowered ; floral bracts lanceolate, membranous, sparsely

pubescent, shorter than the pubescent ovaries. Flowers about °35 in.

long. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, all free, spreading and pubescent out-

side. Petals obliquely lanceolate, curved, spreading. Ip longer than

the sepals, the basal part cymbiformly saccate, having two unequal

pairs of teeth situated at the margin near the base, the terminal part

deeply divided into 2 large divergent cuneate-subquadrate lobes erose

on the outer margin. Column with §& tooth-like erect processes; stig-

matic lobes anticous, confluent,

Sikkim: Lachoong Valley, 7,500 feet elevation; flowering in

August. Pantling No. 412.

Only two specimens have as yet been gathered of this plant. The

dorsal sepal does not cohere with the petals, and the stigma is anticous

and undivided; but in all other respects this has the character of the

genus to which we have referred it. It is near Z, goodyeroides, Lindl.,

of which it may subsequently prove to be a malformation.

‘

GOODYERA, R. Brown.

GoopyERA ANDERSONH, n. spec. Entire plant 6to9 im, high. Stem

glabrous, leafy. Leaves ‘8 to 1:15 in. long and *4 to °5 in. broad, ovate-

lanceolate, with very short petioles and large wide membranous sheaths ;

petioles about °2 in., the sheaths ‘5 in. Spike 1 to 2 in long, peduncled,

glandular-pubescent. Flowers ‘5 in. long, floral bracts lanceolate, glan-

dular-pubescent externally like the sepals petals and ovary, longer than

the ovary. Dorsal sepal elliptic, the laterals obliquely elliptic, all blunt.

Petals as long as the sepals, linear, slightly falcate, sub-acute. Lip

eymbiform, ventricose in its basal half and setose within; the anterior

half ovate, acuminate, concave, entire.

128 G. King & R. Pantling— New Orchids from Sikkim. [No. 2,

Sikkim: at Bucheem, elevation 8,000 feet, in flower in November.

Dr. T. Anderson No. 1228.

A little-known species allied to G. cordata, Benth.

APHYLLORCHIS, Blume.

APHYLLORCHIS PARVIFLORA, n. spec. Height of entire plant about

10 inches, glabrous. Rhizome short with fibrous fascicled rootlets.

Stem erect, about °1 in. thick, leafless, but with 4 or 5 sheathing bracts

dO to 2°5 in. long. aceme about 2 in. long, many-flowered, the rachis

stout. Flowers ‘15 in. across, the labellum superior; flower bracts

lanceolate, shorter than the straight untwisted tumid ovary. Sepals

and petals sub-equal, linear, acuminate, spreading, their apices recurved,

all keeled externally. Lip ovate with a broad obscurely-lobed base,

sub-acute, concave. Column very short, rostellum prominent, anther

with reflexed margins. Pollinia 2, the grains loosely cohering.

Sikkim: In the Lachoong Valley; at an elevation of 10,000 feet;

flowering time July. Pantling No. 383.

This has smaller flowers than any Indian species of Aphyllorchis

hitherto described. The ovary not having the usual half-twist, the

labellum becomes superior.

CORYSANTHES, R. Brown.

CoRYSANTHES HIMALAICA, n. spec. Height of the entire plant 2 or

3 inches; the tuber ‘25 to °35 in. in diam., depressed-globose, hairy.

Stem glabrous, with a single convolute sheath near its base. Leaf

solitary, ‘3 to ‘5 in. long, sessile just under the flower, concave cordate,

acute, sometimes apiculate, green in colour, the midrib and nerves

white. Flower solitary, ‘6 in. long, the bract linear-lanceolate, slightly

longer than the thick sessile ovary. Dorsal sepal oblanceolate, blunt,

concave, arching over the column and the basal half of the lp;

laterals short, filiform, bifurcate, lying between the two spurs of the

lip. Petals none. Lip oblong, longer than the dorsal sepal, deflexed

from about the middle; the basal portion convolute, with 2 short cylin-

dric straight spurs; the anterior half with unequally denticulate margins,

its apex blunt. Colwmn short, stout; stigma orbicular; anther erect.

Srxxim: At Lamteng in the Lachen Valley, at an elevation of

9,000 feet, on a moist vertical rock, in flower in July. Pantling No. 389.

The dorsal sepal and lip are transparent and have rich dark purple

markings. Its nearest ally is Corysanthes fornicata, Blume, a native of

high mountains in Java.

This is a most interesting addition to the British Indian Flora, no

species of Oorysanthes having hitherto been known to grow farther

1896.] G. King & R. Pantling—New Orchids from Sikkim. 129

north than the mountains of Perak. The genus is mainly Australasian ;

thirteen species being natives of Australia, New Zealand and Samoa,

while five are Malayan. The flower is remarkable for the great deve-

lopment of the dorsal sepal, the lateral sepals being filiform; the petals

also are either very small or, as in the present instance, altogether

absent.

POGONIA, Griff.

Poconta Prainiana, nu. spec. Tubers globular, warted, 5 to ‘6 in.

in diam. produced at the ends of runners 2 in. long. Scape 3 to 6 in.

high, 1-flowered, bearing 5 or 6 bracts, the lower 4 or 5 being unequal,

sheathing, blunt, the uppermost acuminate and about 1 in. long. deaf

from a separate tuber, orbicular, reniform and plicate, 2°5 in. broad, its

petiole lin. long. Floral bract triangular, minute, very much shorter

than the ovary. Flower 1 in. in diam., nodding. Sepals narrowly

oblong, blunt, 75 in. long. Petals linear-lanceolate, blunt. Lip longer

than the sepals, convolute on the column; the side lobes short, triangu-

' Jar; the terminal lobe shortly suborbicular, its margins fimbriate and

its disc with about 7 densely glandular-pubescent vertical lines.

Column clavate.

Sitxxim: Lachoong Valley at an elevation of about 6,500 feet,

flowering in June. Pantling No. 372.

PocontaA Hooxertana, un. spec. Stem 2 in. long, glabrous, with one

or two sheathing bracts near the base. Leaf 2 in. broad, appearing with

the flowers, reniform-orbicular, the margins undulate, the nerves sub-

scaberulous near the base; petiole nearly as long as the stem, sub-

seaberulous-striate. Flowers two, about 1 in. long; the flower bract

linear-lanceolate, half as long as the pedicellate ovary. Sepals and petals

sub-equal, linear-lanceolate. Lip oblong, with 2 short blunt sub-trian-

gular side-lobes, and an ovate sub-acute terminal lobe, the upper surface

with 3 parallel ridges extending from its base to the end of the side

lobes.

Sikkim: At an elevation of 3,000 feet; in flower in August.

G. King No. 2153.

Collected only once, and the exact locality unknown. The leaf and

flower are contemporaneous, and in this respect unique amongst the

Indian species of the genus.

PoGONIA FALCATA, nu. spec. Tubers globular, warted, -25 to -35 in

in diam. Scape from the apex of the tuber, 1 ‘75 to 2 °5 in. high, glab-

rous, l-flowered, bearing several oblong sheathing thin membranous

bracts at intervals. Flower -4 to °6 in. long including the ovary; the

floral bract lanceolate, longer than the ovary. Sepals and petals sub-

J; Ue 14

130 G. King & R. Pantling —New Orchids from Sikkim. [No. 2,

equal, linear, acute, 3 to ‘4 in. long. Lip oblong, convolute and em-

bracing the column, the upper surface with a single broad thickened

glandular-pubescent line from the non-saccate base to nearly the apex,

the disc pubescent, the lateral lobes falcate acute, the terminal lobe

obovate, very blunt. Column clavate, its anterior surface puberulous ;

the anther large and fleshy ; the pollinia narrowly clavate-ellipsoid.

Western Dooar or Buoran, Hast of the Jaldacca River; flowering

in April. Pantling No. 439.

A species near P. velutina, Par. and Reichb. fil. and P. macroglossa,

Hook fil. Only three plants of it have as yet been collected, and the leaf

is still unknown.

Ophrydee.

HERMINIUM, Linn.

HERMINIUM QUINQUELOBUM, n. spec. Entire height of the plant 10

to 12 in. of which about two-thirds are stem; tubers oblong, undivided,

about 1 in. long. Lower part of stem enveloped in two long con-

volute sheaths. Leaves two, 6 or 7 in. long by 5 to ‘6 in. broad, rising

from about the middle of the stem, linear-oblong, sub-acute, sheathing

at the base; peduncle of the spike with a single linear bract 1°56 in.

long. Spike 3 or 4 in. long, rather laxly-flowered. Flowers °25 in. long,

green, the floral bract as long as the ovary. Sepals sub-equal, free

ovate-oblong, sub-acute, spreading. Petals linear, acute, spreading, and

like the the sepals, l-nerved. Lip longer than the sepals, oblong with

small triangular basal and lateral lobes, and a contracted triangular

acuminate terminal lobe. ollinia globular-oblong, on short caudicles.

Sikkim: At Tendong, elevation 7,000 feet: in flower in August.

Pantling No. 339.

A species like H. angustifolium, Benth. in general appearance, but

the flowers have a totally different lip and the sepals are spreading and

free, those of H. angustifolivm being connivent. This has been named

from its 5-lobed lip.

Herminium JAFFREYANOM, nu. spec. Entire plant 6 to 8 in. high; the

tuber ellipsoidal. Stem with one or two short convolute sheaths near

the base. Leaves two, about an inch apart, from near the middle of the

stem, narrowly oblong, acute, sheathing at the base, 4 to 4°5 in. long

and °3 to ‘5 in broad, the peduncle of the spike with a linear acuminate

bract 15 in. long. Spike 3 in. long, densely flowered; the floral bracts

lanceolate, about as long as the ovaries. Flowers‘16 in. long, green.

Sepals ovate-elliptic, blunt, concave, spreading slightly. Petals narrowly

oblong, obtuse, longer than the sepals, l-nerved. Lp flat, triangular

from a broad base ; basal lobes very small, short, rounded ; the terminal

1896.] G. Kine & R. Pantling— New Orchids from Sikkim. 131

lobe elongate, sub-acute, its edges entire. Pollinia wedge-shaped, with-

out caudicles. Stigma transversely oblong, column very short.

Sixkiw: Near the top of Sinchal, elevation 8,600 feet: Pantling

Wo. 237.

In externals this resembles H. angustifolium, Benth., with which

indeed it has been confounded. It has, however, very different sepals

and lip. This also resembles H. graminiwm, Lindl. which, however,

has only a single leaf; the lip of H. graminiwm moreover is ovate-acumin-

ate and concave, and its flowers have longer more subulate bracts.

HERMINIUM GRACILE, n. spec. Height of entire plaut 4 to 7 inches.

Stem angled, with one or two sheaths near its base. Leaf solitary,

from the lower part of the stem, ovate, obovate, oblanceolate or elliptic

with a short sheathing petiole; length ‘5 to 1°5 in., breadth ‘5 to ‘65

in., petiole ‘lin. Spike about 1°5 in. long, sparsely flowered. Flowers

‘1 in. long: their bracts lanceolate, as long as the pedicel of the tumid

ovary. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, obtuse, concave; the lateral pair

concave at the apex, oblong, blunt, deflected. Petals broadly oblong,

very concave, as large as’ the dorsal sepal and with it forming a hood

over the column. Lip narrowly triangular, its base continuous with

the column, not lobed, the apex sub-acute; bent about the middle, the

basal half directed downwards and the apical half forwards. Column

cucullate, the transversely oblong stigma situated above the anther

cells; the arms of the rostellum incurved, each arm having a small

transversely oblong staminode on its lower margin. Cells of anther

separated, each with an oblong depression on its inner side. Pollinia

broadly ovoid, the caudicles bent at a right angle and attached to a

small brown gland.

Sikkim: in the Lachen Valley, at an elevation of about 11,000 feet,

in flower in July. Pantling No. 397.

This species has a superficia! resemblance to H. orbiculare, Hook.

fil. The flower in that species has, however, a lip with a short spur,

and the column is very simple; whereas in this plant there is no trace

of spur, and the structure of the column is very complicated.

HERMINIUM ANGUSTILABRE, n. spec. Height of the whole plant 3 or

4 inches. Stem angled. Leaf solitary near the base of the stem, sessile,

elliptic, obtuse, “65 in. long and ‘35 to ‘45 in. broad, the part of the

stem above the leaf with two linear acuminate bracts °5 in. long. Spike

75 to'1 in. long, scarcely °1 in. thick; the bracts acuminate, longer than

the sessile beaked ovaries. Dorsal sepal ovate, acute, concave, curved

forwards; lateral sepals and petals sub-equal, narrowly oblong. Lip

slightly exceeding the lateral sepals, linear, deflexed, sub-acute, entire,

Column broad; anther cells distant.

132 G. King & R. Pantling—New Orchids from Sikkim. [No. 2,

Sikkim: at Lingtu; elevation, 11,000 feet, flowering in June.

Pantling No. 375.

A curious little species, with a linear undivided entire lip and very

small flowers.

HABENARIA, Linn.

HABENARIA JUNCEA, n. spec. A slender plant about 12 in. high.

Leaf solitary from near the base of the stem, from 1°5 to 25 in. long and

‘65 in. broad, narrowly oblong, acute, tapering from below the midd!e to

the narrowed sheathing base, the stem above the leaf (peduncle of the

spike) with two distant lanceolate bracts about °75 in. long. Spike 2 to

4 in. long, few-flowered. lowers ‘iin. long; the floral bract equalling

or exceeding the slender shortly stalked and slightly beaked ovary.

Sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, the dorsal broader than the lateral pair.

Petals narrowly oblong, tapering to the rather blunt and slightly incurved

apex. Limb of lip as long as the sepals, ovate-lanceolate, sub-acute, quite

entire; the spur shorter than the limb, vertically compressed, slightly

incurved and sub-clavate. Column with its summit beaked and over-

hanging the stigma: anther-cells on each side of tle stigma, and imme-

diately above the mouth of the spur; staminodes large, situated near

the mouth of the spur,

Sikkim: Lachen Valley at an elevation of 11,000 feet; in flower

in August. Pantling No. 406. .

This belongs to the section Hologlossa and is near H. nematocaulon,

Hook fil., but that species has the lip superior, the ovary being twisted

to the extent of one complete spiral.

HasenariA Bakertana, n. spec. Height of the whole plant 9 to 18

inches. Stem about °25 in thick at the base, and with one or more

sub-acute convolute sheaths. Leaves several, scattered, sessile; the

lower one oblong, sub-acute, with the base broad and sheathing, 3 to 5

in. long; the upper three or four linear-lanceolate, diminishing in size

upwards. Spike 4 to 7 in. long, laxly-flowered; floral bracts entire,

linear-lanceolate, much Icnger than the slender sessile ovaries. Flowers

‘8 or ‘9 in. long to the tip of the spur. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, the

dorsal conniving with the petals and forming a hood over the column,

the laterals reflexed. Petals about as long as the sepals, broadly ovate,

oblique, sub-acute, the bases broad. Lip fleshy, oblong, blunt, slightly

broader towards the base, entire, equalling the lateral sepals im length :

spur long, slender, twice as long as the ovary and curved forwards.

Column stout; the cohering stigmas narrowly reniform and situated

immediately below the opening into the spur. Anther cells parallel ;

staminodes transversely sub-obovate, lying above the stigmas and eutside

1896.] G. King & R. Pantling—New Orchids from Sikkim. 133

the mouth of the spur. Pollinia narrowly obovate, tapering much to

the base and without caudicles ; gland narrow, oblong.

Srxxim: in the Lachen Valley, at an elevation of 9,000 feet: in

flower in July. Pantling No. 401.

This species resembles H. leptocaulon, Hook. fil., but has a broader

lip, a longer more curved spur, and coherent stigmas. It has also larger

floral bracts and broader leaves. We have dedicated the species to Mr.

J. G. Baker, F. R. S., Conservator of the Herbarium of the Royal

Gardens, Kew.

Hapenarta Dyeriana,n. spec. A slender plant not exceeding 12

inches in height. Stem at its base with a’sheathing blunt oblanceolate

bract 1 in. long. Leaves 3 or 4, sessile, 1 to 1°75 in. long, scattered

along the stem at distant intervals and becoming smaller upwards, the

uppermost bract-like, all more or less oblong-lanceolate with sub-acute

apices and broad sheathing bases. Spike 3 to 4 in. long, laxly flowered.

Flower (including the spur), ‘5 to ‘6 in. long; bract ovate-lanceolate,

as long as or exceeding the sessile scabrid slenderly-beaked ovary.

Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate ; the laterals narrowly oblong, blunt, reflex-

ed. Petals erect; lanceolate, with very oblique bases, slightly undulate

on their inner margins. Ip rather fleshy, straight, deflexed, a little

longer than the lateral sepals, narrowly triangular, with two small

rounded lobes near its base, the margins in its lower half obscurely

waved and with a short abrupt bend quite at the apex. Spur slender,

incurved, equal to or slightly longer than the ovary, slightly compressed

laterally. Column short and very broad. Stigma large, transversely

elongated, lying above the opening of the spur between the distant

anther cells, the arms of the rostelluam incurved. Pollinia ovoid, their

caudicles long, slender; the glands small, discoid. Staminodes large,

cylindric, half as long as the caudicles and situated vertically on the

sides of the anther cells.

Sikkim: In the Lachen Valley, elevation 12,000 feet; in flower in

August, Pantliny No. 407.

A very distinct species belonging to the Section Hologlossa. The

floral bracts are leaf-like and gradually decrease in size upwards. The

size and position of the very large stigma stretching across the wide

column almost to its edges, and situated above the opening of the

spur, are good distinguishing marks of this species.

HABENARIA PSEUDOPHRYS, n. spec. Height of entire plant 18 to 28

inches. Tubers irregularly oblong, hairy. Stem with 3 or 4 long con-

volute acuminate sheaths in its lower part, each from 1] to 1°5 in. long,

Leaves about 4 in number, scattered, distant, the lower from 1 to 2 in.

long, the upper 3 in. long; all ovate-oblong, acute, with broad sheathing

134 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

bases; the upper part of the stem with 3 or 4 scattered lanceolate

acuminate bracts ‘5 or 6 in. long. Spike 3 or 4 in. long, the bracts

lanceolate, equalling or longer than the sessile shortly beaked ovaries.

Sepals, petals and lip connivent. Dorsal sepal broadly elliptic, oblong ;

the laterals oblong; all sub-acute. Petals shorter than the sepals,

broadly elliptic, sub-acute, the bases oblique. Lip equalling the sepals

in length, oblong, concave, 3-lobed, the margins entire ; side lobes nar-

rowly triangular, pointed forwards, very near the small triangular blunt

terminal lobe. Spur small, globular, slightly compressed vertically.

Column broad, with 2 unequal triangular incurved wings along its

outer edges. Anther-cells close together, parallel; the pollinia broadly

ovoid, each with a short caudicle and a discoid gland lodged in a

pouch. Stigma large, extending on each side of the pouches and con-

cealed by the incurved wings of the column.

Sikkm™ : at Chong-thang, elevation 5,500 feet, in flower during July.

Pantling No. 424.

In externals this species resembles H. Prainit, Hook. fil. with

which it was at first confused. It is, however, perfectly distinct from

that species. This plant has the facies of a Habenaria, but the glands

and the bases of the caudicles of the pollinia rest in twin pouches,

after the manner of Ophrys. In fact it forms a connecting link

between Habenaria and Ophrys—hence the specific name which we

have proposed for it.

Materials for a Carcinological Fauna of India. No.2. The Brachyura

Oxystoma.—By A. Aucock, M.B., C.M.Z.S., Superintendent of the

Indian Museum.

Plates VI— VIII.

Received 7th May. Read 8rd June.

The limits of the Tribe of Oxystoma here adopted are those

originally established by De Haan in the Fauna Japonica, and since

recognized by Ortmann in his account of the Decapod Crustacea of the

Strasburg Museum.

I can hardly, however, go as far as Ortmann in uniting the

Leucostide and Raninide in one section, Leucosiinea, co-ordinate in value

with the Dorippinea and Calappinea. Rather, it seems to me, the

affinities of the Runinidx are, through Cyclodorippe, with the Dorippide.

But on the whole it seems enough to recognize the Raninide as true

Oxystomes of equal rank with the Calappidee, Leucosiide and Dorippide,

just as De Haan practically does.

1896. ] A, Alcock— Carcinological Fauna of India, 135

No one who has examined any of the deep-sea Dorippoids can, I

think, find any difficulty in accepting De Haan’s comprehensive views

of the relations of the Oxystoma.

For instance, in the Indian genus Cymonomops* (which differs but

little from Cyclodorippe), although the general external form is as

plainly as possible that of Dorippe, yet a detailed examination shows a

number of Raninoid characters:—The chelipeds are Raninoid, so are

the external maxillipeds (especially in their long narrow merus and

short narrow exognath), so are the antennules: the fact also that the

afferent branchial openings are not in front of the bases of the cheli-

peds is suggestive. In Cyclodorippe, moreover, the oviducts open, as in

the Raninidx, on the bases of the third pair of legs.

We have, in fact, in some of these deep-sea forms the clearest

evidence of the close relation of the Runina type to the Dorippe type,

and quite sufficient justification for accepting De Haan’s scheme of the

Oxystoma almost without modification.

The following is a list of the known Indian genera of Oxystomes :—

Calappide Calappine :—Calappa, Mursia, Cryptosoma.

Calappide Matutinee —-Matuta.

Leuacosiide Leucosiine :—Actxomorpha, Oreophorus, Tlos, Hetero-

nucia (nov.), Hbalia, Nursia, Nucia, Parilia, Randallia, Myra, Leucosia,

Onychomorpha, Philyra, Pseudophilyra.

Leucosiidee Iliinze :—Myrodes, Iphiculus, Pariphiculus (nov.), Nurs-

tlia, Heterolithadia, Arcania, Tua.

Dorippidz Dorippinee :—Dorippe, Hthusa.

Dorippide Tymoline :—Cymonomops.

Raninidee :—Notopus, Raninoides, Lyreidus.

Tribe OXYSTOMA or LEUCOSOIDEA.

Ozystomes, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 96 (partim), and Raniniens

Milne-Edwards op. cit. II. 190.

OxystomATa, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. pp. 111-119. ,

Leucosoidea vel Ozxystomata, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp. Crust. I. 389, and Raninidea

vel Anomura Leucosidica, Dana, op. cit. pp. 400, 403.

Ozystomata or Leucosiidea, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 337, and Raninidea,

Henderson, Challenger Anomura, p. 26.

Ozxystomata, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrbuch., Syst., VI. 1892, pp. 550, 551.

Hpistome reduced or absent, The efferent branchial channels term-

inate in the middle of the buccal area, the buccal cavern is therefore

produced forwards and is generally of an elongate triangular shape ;

and the efferent channels themselves, whether covered by the external

maxillipeds or not, are immediately closed in by an elongate lamellar

process of the exopodites of the first maxillipeds.

* Tilustrations of the Zoology of the ‘Investigator,’ Crustacea pl. xiv. fig. 9.

136 A. Alcock— Carcinologicil Fauna of India. [No. 2,

The afferent branchial openings are found either in the usual place

in front of the bases of the chelipeds, or at the sides of the endostome.

Branchie from six to nine on either side.

The antennules fold either longitudinally or obliquely, very rarely

transversely.

In the male the genital ducts protrude either through the bases of

the fifth pair of legs or through the fifth thoracic sternum close by.

The Oxystoma may be divided into four families as follows :—

Family I. Culappide. Carapace of the ordinary brachyurous

shape. The afferent branchial openings are found in front of the bases

of the chelipeds. The antenne are small. The legs are normal in

position. The vasa deferentia perforate the bases of the fifth pair of

legs. The branchiz are nine in number on either side. The external

maxillipeds either completely cover the buccal cavern and have their

palp hidden in repose (Matutine), or do not close the buccal cavern and

have their palp always exposed (Calappine).

Family II. Lewcosiide. The carapace is of the ordinary brachy-

urous shape. The afferent branchial channels are found on either side

of the endostome. The vasa deferentia perforate the sternum near tle

bases of the fifth pair of legs. The legs are normal in position. The

antenne are small, sometimes obsolete. The external maxillipeds com-

pletely close the buccal cavern and have the palp completely hidden in

repose. The branchiz are less than nine (six in many forms) in number

on either side.

Family III. Dorippide. The carapace is short, so that the first

two or three abdominal terga, instead of being tucked up beneath it,

are completely exposed in the dorsal plane of the body. The last two

pairs of legs are much reduced in size and have a peculiar position in

the dorsal plane of the body. The antenna are large. The antennules

are usually too large to fold into their fossettes. The vasa deferentia

emerge through the sternum near the bases of the fifth pair of legs.

The afferent branchial openings are found either in front of the bases

of the chelipeds or not. The external maxillineds either do cover the

buccal frame (T'ymolinz), or do not -(Dorippine). The branchiz are

less than nine in number on either side.

Family IV. Raninide. Carapace remarkably elongate, but not

covering the abdominal terga, the first 4 or 5 of which lie exposed in the

dorsal plane of the body. The last pair of legs also is raised in the

dorsal plane of the body. The antenne are large. The antennules also

are large, and do not fold into fossettes. The vasa deferentia protrude

through the bases of the fifth pair of legs: the oviducts pierce the bases

1896.] A. Alcock—Carcinological Fauna of India. 137

of the third pair of legs. The sternum is broad anteriorly, very narrow

or linear posteriorly. The afferent branchial openings are not found in

front of the bases of the chelipeds, and afferent currents probably reach

the branchial chamber between the posterior border of the carapace and

the bases of the last pair of legs. The external maxillipeds completely

cover the buccal cavern, and their palp is concealed in repose: their

exopodite is but little longer than the ischium. The branchiz are less

than nine in number on either side.

Family CALAPPIDA.

Calappiens, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 100.

Calappidea and Matutoidea, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. pp. 124, 126.

Calappide and Matutide, Dana, U. 8S. Expl. Exp., Crust. I. pp. 390, 391.

Calappide and Matutidz, Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, pp. 282, 293:

Carapace more or less oval or subcircular, commonly with either

(1) a single denticle or a heavy spine at the junction of the antero-

lateral and postero-lateral borders, or (2) a postero-lateral vault-like

expansion over the ambulatory legs (Calappa). Front generally about

as wide as the orbit. The antennules generally fold obliquely. The

antenne are generally small.

The external maxillipeds may (Matutine) or may not (Calappine)

completely close the buccal cavern, and their palp may (Matutine) or

may not (Calappine) be concealed in repose.

The efferent branchial channels together form a deep channel in the

endostome the channel being covered in below by a long lamellar process

of the internal (first) maxillipeds. The afferent branchial openings

have the normal position in front of the bases of the chelipeds.

The chelipeds are ponderous and greatly enlarged, and are practi-

cally symmetrical (except sometimes as to the fingers)*: the hands

especially are of great size—forming often the most conspicuous part

of the chelipeds, and are so curved as to shut closely against the ptery-

gostomian regions of the carapace, thus acting as a sort of buckler.

The abdomen usually (always in Indian forms) consists in the

adult male of 5 segments, the 3rd—5th terga being fused together, and

of 7 separate segments in the female (and young male). The branchiz

in all Indian forms are nine in number on either side.

In the male the vasa deferentia perforate the bases of the fifth pair

of legs.

In the following list of genera belonging to the family Calappide

* In the exotic genus Platymera one cheliped is larger than the other.

WLS

138 A. Aleock— Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

those belonging to the Indian fauna are printed in Roman type, and

those known to me by autopsy are marked with an asterisk.

Family Calappide.

Subfamily I. Calappine.

Alliance I. Catapporpa.

* Calappa.

Paracyclois, Miers, ‘ Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 288, pl. xxiv. figs. 1,

la-le.

* Platymera, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 107 ; and Milne-

Edwards and Lucas, Voy. Amer. Merid. Crust. pl. xii.

* Mursia.

Acanthocarpus, Stimpson, Bull. Mus, Comp. Zool. H. 1870-71, p.

152; and A. Milne-Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. VIII. 1880-81,

pl. i.

* Cryptosoma.

f Alliance IT. Orituyiorpa.

Orithyia, Fabr., Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 110, and in

Cuvier, Régne Animal, Crust., pl. vii. figs. 1, la—Ie.

Subfamily II. Matutine.

Alliance I. Maturtoipa.

* Matuta.

Allianee II. Hepatorpa.

Osachila, Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., II. 1870-71, p. 154;

and Faxon, ‘ Albatross’ Stalk-eyed Crustacea, pl. v. figs. 2, 2a, 2b.

* Hepatus, Latr., Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. Il. 116, and in

Cuvier Régne Animal, Crust. pl. xiii. figs. 2, 2a-z.

Subfamily CALAPPIN At.

Calappide, Dana loc. cit., and Miers loc. cit.

Merus of external maxillipeds not elongate and acute (except in

the exotic and somewhat aberrant genus Orithyia), and never concealing

the palp inrepose, Legs gressorial (except in the exotic genus Orithyia.)

1896.] A. Alcock— Carcinological Fauna of India. 139

Subfamily MATUTINA.

Matutidz, Dana, loc. cit., and Miers, loc. cit.

Merus of external maxillipeds elongate and acute, entirely conceal-

ing the palp in repose. Legs nataterial.

Key to the Indian genera of Calappide.

I. Calappine :—Merus of external maxillipeds not elongate or

acute, and never concealing the flagellum in repose: ambu-

latory legs gressorial :—

1. Carapace with a postero-lateral shield-like

expansion or series of broad serrations,

forming a vault beneath which the four

ambulatory legs can be completely or large-

ly concealed in flexion: basal joint of an-

tenne much dilated sok .». CALAPPA,

2. Carapace without any trace of a postero-

lateral shield-like expansion: basal joint

of antenne slender :—

i. Carapace transversely oval, with a large

spine at the junction of the antero-

lateral and postere-lateral borders ... Muorsia.

ii. Carapace sub-circular or longitudinally

suboval, with a small denticle at the

junction of the antero-lateral and

postero-lateral borders ... ... CRYPTOSOMA,

Il. Matutine :—Merus of external maxillipeds elong-

ate and acute, and completely concealing the

flagellum in repose: ambulatory legs in the

form of swimming paddles. (Carapace sub-

circular, with a large spine at the junction of

the antero-lateral and postero-lateral borders:

antenne rudimentary) 600 ... Martura.

Caappa, Fabricius, Edw.

Calappa, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., Suppl. p. 345.

Calappa, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 102.

Calappa, Lophos, Camara, Gallus, De Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust. pp. 69,

70, 125.

Calappa, Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 283.

Carapace strongly convex, rounded in front, much broadened behind

by a pair of clypeiform expansions, or wings, beneath which the four

pairs of ambulatory legs are concealed in flexion.

140 A. Aleock— Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

Front small, somewhat triangular, projecting little or not at all

beyond the level of the orbits, bilobed. |

Orbits small, circular: eyestalks short and thick.

The antennules fold nearly vertically beneath the front.

The basal joint of the antenne is very broad, and fills a wide hiatus

at the inner angle of the orbit: the flagellum is short usually.

There is no distinct epistome; but the endostome is prolonged,

as far as the antennulary fosse, in the form of a canal, which is divided

longitudinally by a deep vertical septum into two channels, each

channel being completed below by a lamellar process from the first pair

of maxillipeds,

The external maxillipeds do not meet across the mouth, but leave

exposed between them the mandibles, and, in front of them, the afore-

mentioned plate-like prolongations from the first pair.of maxillipeds.

The chelipeds are very large, and in flexion are closely apposed to

the front half of the carapace, so as to form a sort of buckler: the

“arm,” has near its distal end, externally, a transverse

wing-like expansion, complementary to the wing-like expansions of

the carapace: the propodite, or “hand,” is strongly compressed, its

upper border forming a high, sharply dentate or crenulate, crest.

Except for the fingers, the chelipeds are equal and symmetrical; both

the fingers, namely, of one hand have on their outer aspect, near the

base, a stout projecting lobule.

The abdomen in the adult male* consists of only five separate

pieces, owing to the fusion of the 3rd, 4th and 5th somites. In the

young male, as in the adult female, it consists of seven separate

somites.

meropodite, or

Key to the Indian species of Calappa.

I. Extreme length of the carapace either quite

or nearly equal to its extreme breadth :—

1. Carapace as long as broad: clypeiform

expansions ill developed :—

i. Carapace sub-circular, with 7 longi-

tudinal parallel lines of bullous

tubercles ... CO. pustulosa.

uu. Carapace sub- quadean alan without

regular lines of tubercles ... C. wood-masoni.

2. Carapace a little broader than long: elyp-

eiform expansions well-developed ... C. gallus.

# ? ©. gallus, of which species I have not seen adult males.

1896. ] A. Aleock—Carcinological Fauna of India. 141

II. Extreme length of the carapace about two-

thirds of its extreme breadth: free mar-

gin of clypeiform expansions strongly

laciniate :—

1. Carapace, in the adult, nearly smooth:

clypeiform expansions well-developed.

[Inhabitants of shallow water | :—

i. Anterior border of endostomial sep-

tum deeply concave: no spine in

the middle line, on the posterior

border be 66

u. Anterior border of endostomial sep-

tum strongly convex: a spine in

the middle line, on the posterior

border

2. Carapace, in the adult, more or less

covered with pustular tubercles: clyp-

eiform expansions little developed.

| Habitat deep water |

III. Extreme length of the carapace very much

less than two-thirds of its extreme

breadth: free margin of clypeiform ex-

pansions either smooth throughout, or

broadly dentate :—

1. Extreme length of carapace rather more

than half its extreme breadth : surface

of carapace with numerous sharpish

tubercles: antero-lateral border of clyp-

eiform expansions with broad teeth

the points of which are either acute

or have the form of up-curved spines :—

i. Antero-lateral border of carapace

. C. lophos.

. CO. philargius.

. C. exanthematosa.

coarsely serrate 308 ... C. hepatica.

ii, Antero-lateral border of carapace,

and of clypeiform expansions, with

strongly up-curved spines

2. Extreme length of cavapace rather less

than half its extreme breadth: surface

of carapace with wavy beaded lines

only: free edge of clypeiform expan-

. C. spinosissima.

sions smoothly moulded and entire .,. OC. fornicata.

142 A. Aleock—Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

1. Calappa fornicata, Fabr.

Cancer calappoides, Rumph, Amboinsche Rariteitkamer I. 21, pl. xi. figs. 2, 3.

Cancer heracleoticus, Seba, Thesaurus IIT. 51, pl. xx. figs. 7, 8.

Cancer calappa, Linn., Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 449, and Syst. Nat., 12th ed. I. ii. 1048:

Herbst, Krabben I. ii. 196, pl. xii. figs. 73, 74: Fabricius, Ent. Syst. I1. 454.

Calappa fornicata, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 345: Bosc, Hist. Nat. Crust.

I. 183 (nec pl. iii. fig. 3): Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et. Ins. V. 394: Desmarest,

Consid. Gen. Crust. p. 109: Minnu-Epwarps, Hist. Nav. Crust., II. 106:

Dana, U.S. Expl. Exped., Crust. pt. I. p. 394, pl. xxv. fig. 1: A. Milne-Edwards,

Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. IV. 1868, p. 72, and KX. 1874, p. 56: Hilgendorf in Von

Der Decken’s Reisen in Ost.-Afr. III. i. p. 92: Brito Capello, Jorn. Sci. Lisboa,

III. 1870-71, p. 183, pl. ii. fig. 5: H. Nauck, Zeits. Wiss. Zool. xxxiv. 1880, p. 46

(gastric teeth) : A. Ortmann, Zool. Jahrbucher, Syst. etc. VI. 1892, p. 569.

Carapace in length less than half the extreme breadth; its surface

nearly smooth anteriorly, marked with transverse wavy beaded lines

posteriorly ; its antero-lateral borders crenulated.

Clypeiform expansions very large, their breadth (transverse

measurement) equal to their length (oblique antero-posterior measure-

ment); their edge smoothly moulded, and in unbroken continuity with

the smoothly moulded posterior border of the carapace. Outer part of

the pterygostomian regions densely hairy.

Front slightly projecting beyond the level of the orbits, bilobed,

its breadth at the tip rather less than the breadth of the orbit.

Endostomial septum extending vertically from the level of the front

to the level of the mouth ; its anterior border strongly convex and pro-

jecting.

Transverse wing-like expansion near the distal end of the arm

with its edge smooth and entire.

Outer surface of palm with squamiform tubercles and transverse

wavy beaded ridges: upper margin, or crest, of palm bluntly dentate.

Three specimens, including a male and ovigerous female of remark-

able size, are in the Museum collection, from the Andamans.

The eggs are singularly minute.

2. Calappa hepatica (Linn.)

Cancer hepaticus, Linn., Mus. Lud. Ulr., p. 448, and Syst. Nat. ed. xii. I. ii. 1048.

Calappa hepatica, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust., p. 70: Miers, Cat. Crust. New

Zealand, p. 55, and Phil. Trans. Roy Soc. Vol. 16s, 1879, p. 491, and Zoology

H. M. 8. ‘Alert’ pp. 185, 257, 518, 550, and ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 285:

Haswell, Cat. Austral. Crust., p. 136: Filhol, Crust. Nouvelle Zélande, p. 406:

[Cano, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, III. 1889, p. 249]: A. Ortmann, Zool. Jahrbuch., Syst.

etc., VI. 1892, p. 568: J. R. Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool. (2) V. 1893, p. 395.

Cancer tuberculatus, Herbst, Krabben, I. ii. 204, pl. xiii. fig. 78: Fabricius, Ent.

Syst. II. 454.

1896. ] A. Aleock—Carcinological Fauna of India. 143

Calappa tuberculata, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., Suppl., p. 345 : Bosc, Hist. Nat. Crust.

I. 183: Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et. Ins., V. 398: Desmarest, Consid. Gen.

Crust., p. 109, pl. 10, fig. 1: Mi~ne-Kpwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., II. 106: Owen,

Zool. Beechey’s Voy. “ Blossom,” Crust. p. 80: Krauss, Stidafr. Crust., p. 52: Dana,

U.S. Expl. Exp., Crust. pt.I. p. 393: Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858,

p- 162: Heller, Crust. Roth. Meer. in SB. Ak. Wien, 1861, XLIII. p. 372, and

* Novara’ Crust. p. 69: Hess, Archiv. fur Naturges. XXXI. 1865, pp. 157 and 172:

E. Martens, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XVI. 1866, p. 381: A. Milne-Edwards,

Nony. Archiv. du Mus. LY. 1868, p. 72, and X. 1874, p. 55: Hilgendorf in Von Der

Decken’s Reisen in Ost.-Afr. III. i. 92: Brito Capello, Jorn. Sci. Nat. Lisboa, III.

1870-71, p. 133, pl. ii. fig. 8: Hoffmanin Pollen and Van Dam, Faun. Madagasc.

VY. 2. 1874, Crustacea, p. 25 (part), pl. vi. figs. 39, 41, 42: Brocchi, Ann. Sci. Nat.

(6) II. 1875, Art. 2, p. 101, pl. xviii. figs. 160, 161, (male appendages): Kossmann,

Reise Roth. Meer., Crust., p. 63: Streets, Bull. U. 8S. Nat. Mus. VII. 1877, p.

116: Hilgendorf, MB. Ak. Berl. 1878, p. 809: Richters, in Mébius, Meeresf.

Maurit. p. 157: de Man, Notes Leyden Mus. II. 1880, p. 184, and Archiv. fur

Naturges. LIII. i. 1887, p. 388: EH. Nauck, Zeits. Wiss. Zool. XXXIV. 1880, p. 46

(gastric teeth): Lenz and Richters, Abh. Senck. Ges. XII. 1881, p. 425: Muller,

Verh. Ges. Basel VIII. 1886, p. 473.

Calappa tuberculosa, Guérin Méneville, Icon. R. A., Crust. pl. 12, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.

Calappa sandwichien (Calappa tuberculata var.) Eydoux and Souleyet Voy.

* Bonite,’ Vol. I., Zool., p. 245, pl. iii., figs. 9, 10.

Length of carapace a little more than half the extreme breadth.

In the anterior two-thirds the surface of the carapace is tuberculate

and granular, in the posterior third it is marked with squamiform

tubercles and beaded ridges: the antero-lateral borders are coarsely

dentate or serrate.

Clypeiform expansions greatly developed, their breadth being equal

to their length: their anterior border shows the points cf four teeth,

but the postero-lateral border forms a continuous curve, broken only

on the under surface by three or four faint sutures.

Posterior border of the carapace beaded, unarmed.

Outer part of the pterygostomian regions densely hairy.

Front emarginate, not projecting beyond the level of the orbits, its

breadth at the tip markedly less than the breadth of the orbit.

The endostomial septum extends vertically from the level of the

front to the level of the mouth; its anterior border strongly convex

and projecting.

Transverse wing-like expansion of the distal end of the arm with

its edge four-lobed. Outer surface of palm with numerous sharp tuber-

cles: upper surface of wrist tuberculate: anterior end of arm with

some sharp granules: crest of palm crenulate, not sharply dentate.

Andamans, Nicobars, Maldives, Laccadives, Persian Gulf.

In the very young, the extreme length of the carapace is not much

144 A. Aleock —Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

less than three-fourths of the extreme breadth, owing not only to less

development of the clypeiform expansions, but to the relative less

breadth of the body.

3. Calappa spinosissima, Edw.

Calappa spinosissima, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 106: A. Milne

Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. X. 1874, p. 55: Richters, in Mébius Meeresf.

Manrit., p. 157.

Calappa tuberculata (part) Hoffmann in Pollen and Van Dam, Faun. Madagase.

V. ii. Crustacea, p. 25, pl. vi. figs. 40, 43, 44,

Differs from C. hepatica only in the following characters :—

(1) the serrations on the antero-lateral border of the carapace, as

also the teeth on the antero-lateral border of the clypeiform expansions,

are in the form of sharp up-curved spines :

(2) the postero-lateral border of either clypeiform expansion has

three spines where, in CU. hepatica, there are only sutures on the under

surface :

(3) some of the tubercles on the outer surface of the palm have

sharp spinous points.

From a single small specimen, which is all that the Indian Museum

at present possesses, it is impossible to express any opinion as to

whether this species is, as Hoffmann appears to have regarded it, a

variety of C. hepatica, or not.

4. Calappa lophos, (Herbst).

Cancer lophos, Herbst, Krabben, I. ii. 201, pl. xiii. fig. 77.

Calappa lophos, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl., p. 346: Bosc, Hist. Nat. Crust.

T. 184: Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins. V. 394: Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat.

Crust. II. 104: De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 72, pl. xx. fig. 1: Heller, ‘ Novara’

Crust. p.69: Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) V. 1880, p. 315, and ‘ Challenger’

Brachyura, p. 286: H. Nauck, Zeits. Wiss. Zool. XXXIV. 1880, p. 46, (gastric

teeth): de Man, Archiv. fur Naturges. LIII. 1887, i. p. 389: J. R. Henderson, Trans.

Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 395.

? Calappa guerini, Brito-Capello, Jorn. Sci. Nat. Lisb. IIL. 1870-71, pp. 128, 138

pl. i. fig. 2.

The length of the carapace is not quite two-thirds the extreme

breadth.

Carapace smooth, except for a few lumps anteriorly and a few

scattered granules posteriorly: its antero-lateral borders beaded and

finely festooned: its posterior border beaded, and bounded on either

side by a tooth.

Clypeiform expansions nearly as broad (transverse measurement)

as long (oblique antero-posterior measurement), and formed of about 6

large laciniated teeth.

_ Oe

1896. ] A. Alcock —Carcinological Fauna of India. 145

Outer part of the pterygostomian regions densely hairy.

Front bifid, its least breadth equal to the breadth of the orbit,

beyond the level of which it does not project.

Endostomial septum extending, posteriorly, from the level of the

front to the level of the mouth, but deeply excised anteriorly.

Margin of the transverse wing-like expansion of the distal end

of the arm four-lobed, the two anterior lobes each with a spine: upper

surface of wrist and outer surface of palm nearly smooth: crest of

palm deeply 6- or 7-toothed.

Andamans ; the whole of the east coast of India, from the Ganges

Delta to Pondicherry ; Ceylon, Persian Gulf.

In the young the carapace is traversed longitudinally in its anterior

three-fourths, by 7 or 8 lines of sharpish tubercles, and is marked in

its posterior third by a pair of large ocelli, one in each epibranchial

region.

From an examination of a very large series of these young I feel

nearly sure that Capello’s C. guerini is to be referred to this species.

5. Calappa philargius (L.)

Cancer philargius, Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 482, and Syst. Nat. ed. xii. I. ii.

1042: Herbst, Krabben, I. ii. 203.

Cancer inconspectus, Herbst, Krabben, II. ii. 162, pl. xl. fig. 3.

Calappa ~cristata, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 3846: Latreille, Hist. Nat.

Crust. et Ins. V. 393: MitNe-Hpwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 105, pl. xx. figs. 1, 2:

Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858, p.62: Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst.

etc., VI., 1892, p. 565.

Calappa inconspecta, Bosc, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 185.

Calappa philargius, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p 71, pl. xix. fig. 1: EH.

Nauck, Zeits. Wiss. Zool., XXXIV. 1880, p. 46 (gastric teeth): de Man, Archiv.

fur Naturges., LIII. 1887, i. p. 388, and Journ Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XXII. 1888, p.

196: J. R. Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 396.

The extreme length of the carapace is two-thirds the extreme

breadth. .

Differs from C. lophos only in the following characters :—

(1) there isa large tooth in the middle of the posterior border,

and the tooth bounding that border on either side is more salient:

(2) the endostomial septum, instead of being deeply excised an-

teriorly, has its anterior border strongly convex and projecting.

Mergui, Andamans, Ceylon, Persian Gulf.

In the young the teeth of the posterior and postero-lateral borders

are more prominent and less oblique; and the carapace is traversed fore

and aft by 7 or 8 rows of sharp tubercles.

Sei 1g

146 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

6. Calappa exanthematosa, Alcock and Anderson.

Calappa exanthematosa, Alcock and Anderson, Journal Asiatic Soc. Bengal, Vol.

LXIII. pt. 2, 1894, p. 177, and Illustrations of the Zoology of the R. I. M. 8, ‘ Investi-

gator,’ Crustacea, pl. xv. figs., 1, la.

Extreme length of carapace a little more than two-thirds the

extreme breadth.

The carapace is greatly inflated, especially in the branchial regions :

its surface in rather more than its anterior half is covered with large

round, or oval, smooth mamillary tubercles having a red base and a

shining yellow apex, and exactly resembling smallpox pustules; and is

covered posteriorly with smaller round, or oval, slightly elevated patches,

which exactly resemble smallpox papules. The antero-lateral bor-

ders of the carapace are quite smooth in their anterior half, and have 4

or 5 coarse serrations in their posterior half: the posterior border is

beaded, and is bounded on either side by a tooth.

The clypeiform expansions are little developed, their extreme trans-

verse dimension being less than one-third their extreme dimension in an

inwardly oblique antero-posterior direction : they consist of about seven

serrated teeth,

The pterygostomian regions have only a few scanty hairs.

The front is bifid, the breadth of its tip is half again that of the

orbit, beyond which it does not project.

The flagellum of the antenna is nearly twice the breadth of the

orbit in length.

The endostomial septum is narrow, not extending vertically to the

level of the mouth, and quite plainly shows its origin out of a fold of

the endostome: its anterior border is cut straight, and projects obliquely.

The wing-like expansion at the end of the arm has its edge finely

serrate and 4-dentate. The upper surface of the wrist and the outer

surface of the palm are more or less covered with pustules similar to

those on the carapace. ‘The palm has its crest sharply 6- or 7-dentate

and its lower surface uniformly covered with beadlike granules.

The sterna corresponding to the 2nd, 3rd and 4th pairs of legs

are much inflated.

Bay of Bengal, off the Madras coast, 91-112 fms.

In the young the tubercles on the carapace are sharper, and extend

further backwards.

7. Calappa gallus, (Herbst. )

Cancer galtus, Herbst, Krabben, III. iii. 46, pl. lviii. fie. 1.

Calappa gallus, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 105: De Haan, Faun.

1896.] A. Alcock —Carcinological Fauna of India. 147

Japon. Crust. p. 70: Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 393: A. Milne Edwards

in Maillard’s Vile Réunion, Annexe F. p.10, and Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. X. 1874,

p. 55: Brito Capello, Jorn. Sci. Nat. Lisb. III. 1870-71, p. 133, pl. ii. fig. 4: F.

Miller, Verh. Ges. Basel, VIII. 1886, p. 473: Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p.

286: Ozorio, Jorn. Sci. Nat. Lisb., XI. 1885-87, p. 227: de Man, Arch. far

Naturges., LIII. 1887, i. p. 388, and Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. XXII. 1888, p. 197:

Ortmann, Zool. Jahrbuch., Syst., &c., VI. 1892, p. 567: J. R. Henderson, Trans.

Linn. Sec., Zool., (2) V. 1898, p. 395.

The extreme length of the carapace is nearly five-sixths the

extreme breadth.

The carapace, the outer surface of the wing-like expansion of the

arm, the upper surface of the wrist, and the outer surface of the palm,

are covered with coarse tubercles, which become squamiform on the

posterior part of the carapace.

The antero-lateral border of the carapace is crenulate, and the

posterior border is finely beaded and quite unarmed.

The clypeiform expansions are well developed, their extreme transverse

dimension being about two-thirds their extreme antero-posterior dimen-

sion: the free edge of each has about six strong teeth with beaded edges

The pterygostomian regions have only a few scanty hairs.

The front is emarginate, and projects well beyond the orbits,

forming a laminar rostrum.

The endostomial septum extends vertically from the level of the front

to the level of the mouth: its anterior border is angularly convex.

The wing-like expansion of the end of the arm is conspicuously

four-lobed: the crest of the palm is 6- or 7-dentate.

‘Mergui, Andamans, Ceylon, Persian Gulf.

In the young the tubercles of the carapace and chelipeds are

sharper and crisper, and the antero-lateral borders of the carapace are

sharply serrate.

8. Calappa pustulosa, n. sp. Plate VI. fig. 1

Carapace subcircular, the clypeiform expansions consisting of five

short broad teeth, the last of which is in advance of the level of the

posterior border: its surface is covered with large bullous tubercles

arranged in seven parallel longitudinal rows: the antero-lateral borders

are smooth in their anterior half, crenulated in their posterior half: the

posterior border is bounded on either side by a faint prominence.

The pterygostomian regions have a few scanty hairs.

The front is sharply bilobed, its tip is not quite so broad as the

orbit, beyond the level of which it projects.

148 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

The endostomial septum does not extend vertically from the level

of the front to the level of the mouth, except at its posterior limit.

The crest at the distal end of the arm is four-lobed: the upper

surface of the wrist and the outer surface of the palm haye numerous

bullous tubercles like those on the carapace: the crest of the palm is

serrate.

The abdomen is as in C. lophos.

The sterna corresponding to the 2nd, 3rd and 4th legs are inflated.

Off Ganjam and Orissa Coasts, 25 fathoms.

9. Calappa wood-masoni, n. sp. Plate VI. fig. 2.

Very closely allied to C. depressa, Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 287, pl.

xxii. fig. 2.

The extreme length of the carapace is a little greater than the ex-

treme breadth.

Carapace depressed ; its surface crisply tuberculate, except between

the eyes, the tubercles becoming squamiform posteriorly: the antero-

lateral borders crisply crenulate, the posterior border entire and unarmed.

The clypeiform expansions are slightly developed, and plainly con-

sist of about 7 convex carinate teeth fused together except at the tip.

Pterygostomian region with few scanty hairs.

Rostrum sharply and deeply bilobed, each lobe being again sub-

divided at tip; projecting well beyond the level of the orbits, and

rather broader than them.

Flagellum of antenna nearly half the leneth of the carapace.

Endostomial septum extending vertically from the level of the front

to the level of the mouth ; its free edge greatly thickened, its anterior

edge sharply excised.

Crest at the distal end of the arm broadly and faintly four-partite:

upper surface of wrist and outer surface of palm crisply tuberculate :

crest of palm sharply serrate.

Penultimate segment of the male abdomen the shortest of all

except the first.

Off south coast of Ceylon, 34 fathoms.

The above description applies to the young, no adults having been

obtained.

Morsia, Desmarest, Edw.

Mursia, Desmarest, Consid. Gen. Crust., p. 108, pl. 9, fig. 3.

Mursia, | Latreille, in Cuvier, Régne Animal, ed. 2, p. 39] and Milne-Edwards

in Cuvier, Régne Animal, ed. 3, p. 54.

1896. ] A. Aleock— Carcinological Fauna of India. 149

Mursia, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 109.

Mursia, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 68 and p. 125,

Mursia, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 290, (wbi synon.).

Thealia, Lucas, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France (1) VIII. 1839, p. 577.

Carapace oval, moderately convex, rounded in front, rather sud-

denly contracted behind, the evenly-arched antero-lateral margins end-

ing in a large lateral epibranchial spine. :

Front with a small acuminate tip.

Orbits rather large, oval, with at least one closed but distinct

fissure in the upper margin, and with two wide gaps in the lower margin,

in one of which the basal joint of the antenna is lodged. Eyes large,

eyestalks short and thick.

The antennules fold obliquely. The basal joint of the antenne is

not dilated.

There is no distinct epistome, but, as in Calappa, the endostome is

prolonged into a canal, which however is but incompletely divided

longitudinally, the septum being little more than a ridge anteriorly,

though well developed posteriorly. As in Calappa the first pair of

maxillipeds give off each a lamellar process to complete this efferent

canal below.

The external maxillipeds do not meet across the mouth, but, as in

Calappa, leave exposed between them the mandibles, and, in front, the

plate like prolongations of the first maxillipeds.

The chelipeds are enlarged, much as in Calappa ; but the meropod-

ite, or ‘‘arm,”’ instead of a transverse crest near the distal end of its

outer surface, has merely a ridge with one or two spines: the palm

is compressed and its upper border forms a dentate crest, but not such

a high one as that of Calappa. As in Calappa the chelipeds are only

asymmetrical as regards the fingers, which on one hand have on their

outer aspect, near the base, a stout lobule.* The legs are large, the

first two pairs being at least as long as the chelipeds.

The abdomen in the male is as broad in the proximal half as a is

in the female: in the adult male it consists of five segments, the 3rd,

4th and 5th being -intimately fused, the sutures even being hardly

distinguishable : in both sexes the tergum of the Ist somite is almost

entirely concealed, and that of the 2nd somite strongly carinate trans-

versely.

Mursia is practically Calappa without the wings to the carapace,

and with large strong legs: the widely fissured orbital floor, the less

* In Mursia hawatiensis, Mary J. Rathbun, Proc. United States National

Museum, xvi. 1893, p, 252, the chelipeds are described as very unequal,

150 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

pronounced endostomial septum, and the slender basal-antennary joint

are the other important points of difference.

10. Mursia bicristimana, Alcock and Anderson.

Mursia bicristimana, Alcock and Anderson, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, Vol.

LXIII. 1894, pt. 2, p. 179; and Ill, Zool. ‘Investigator’ Crust. pl. xxiv. fig. 5

(in the press).

The length of the carapace is about seven-ninths of the breadth

immediately in front of the lateral epibranchial spine ; and the length

of the epibranchial spine is from one-third (in the young) to less than

one-fourth (in the adult) the length of the carapace.

The surface of the carapace is closely granular, and in addition

there are seven rows of tubercles, one in the middle line, and three on

each side radiating over the branchial regions: the antero-jateral

margins are finely beaded and evenly and sharply festooned: the

postero-lateral margins are without the angular bend inwards seen in

M. armata: the posterior margin 1s bounded on erther side by a laminar

denticle, not by a great projecting lobule as in M. armata.

The outer parts of the pterygostomian and subnepsue regions are

covered with a dense felt of long hairs.

The rostrum is trilobed, its breadth at the level of the lobes being

about one half more than the greatest breadth of the orbit.

The transverse ridge near the distal end of the arm is very hairy,

and is armed distally with two spines, the outer and larger of which is

more than half the length of the lateral epibranchial spine. This ridge

zs continued along the palm as a sharp longitudinal crest (more prominent

even than that of Platymera) which is unevenly trilobed, the proximal

lobe being spiniform, the middle lobe broad and obtuse, and the distal

lobe narrow and obtuse. The upper surface of the wrist, and the outer

surface of the palm and fingers, are closely and sharply granular: the

upper edge, or crest, of the palm is 7- serrate.

The ambulatory legs are large stout and compressed, those of the

first three pairs being a little longer than the chelipeds. In these three

pairs the meropodite is lamellar, its greatest breadth being considerably

more than a third tts length ; the carpus has its outer surface traversed

longitudinally by three beaded carinz, the middle one of which ends

in a spine ; and the propodite is lamellar with the outer (anterior) edge

subcarinate and the upper surface traversed longitudinally by two or

three raised lines of fine beading.

The second abdominal tergum in both sexes is raised into a stout

carina, the height of which is more than a third the transverse diameter

of the tergum : this carina is three lobed, the lobes being separated only

1896.] A. Alcock— Carcinological Fauna of India. 151

by fissures. In the female, as in the male, the 3rd—5th terga are fused,

although the lines of fusion are quite distinct in the former sex.

Colours in life salmon pink.

Off Ceylon, 142-400 fms., and 180-217 fms.

In the form of the legs, in the ornamentation of the chelipeds, and

in the shape of the carapace, this species bears a strong resemblance to

Platymera. Even in the articulation of the flagellum with the merus

of the external maxillipeds the appearances are somewhat those of

Platymera.

On the other hand the form of the endostomial channels, and of

the processes of the first maxillipeds which close those channels ven-

trally, as well as the practical symmetry of the chelipeds, are all as

in Mursia.

But a comparison of this species with specimens of Mursia armata

and Platymera gaudichaudit leads to the belief that all three are

congeneric.

The dimensions of an adult male are as follows :—

breadth of carapace 67 millim., excluding the lateral epibranchial spines ;

length of carapace 47 millim.

length of first pair of ambulatory legs about 90 millim.

Cryprosoma, Brullé,

Cryptosoma, Brullé in Webb and Berthelot’s Hist. Nat. des iles Canaries, Crus-

tacés, p. 16.

Cryptosoma, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., II. 110.

Cryptosoma, Miers, Challenger ‘ Brachyura,’ p. 292.

Cycloes, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust., p. 68, and p. 125.

Carapace heart-shaped or subcircular.

Front rather narrow, and often emarginate.

Orbits, as in Mursia, large, oval, with a distinct suture or a fissure

in the roof, and with two gaps in the floor, in one of which the slender

basal-antennary joint is lodged. yes large, eyestalks short and

thick. ;

The antennules fold obliquely.

The external maxillipeds meet sufficiently to conceal all the under-

lying (¢.e., really overlying) parts, and to completely close the buccal

frame as far as the front. Concealed by the external maxillipeds there

is, however, an endostomial efferent branchial channel closed by lamellar

processes from the Ist pair of maxillipeds.

The antero-internal angle of the merus of the external maxillipeds

is prolonged obliquely forwards to form a prominent lobule above the

articulation of the palp.

152 A. Alcock— Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

The chelipeds are as in Calappa and Mursia: the meropodite, or

“arm” has the same transverse ridge or crest near its distal end, ex-

ternally ; the palm is strongly compressed, with its upper border raised

into a sharp serrated crest; and the chelipeds as a whole are sym-

metrical, except that on one hand the fingers have each, at the base, on

their outer surface, a coarse tooth or lobule.

The legs are compressed and are of moderate size: none of them

approach the chelipeds in length.

The abdomen in both sexes is much as in Calappa: in the male the

3rd, 4th and 5th terga are intimately fused together, and with almost

complete obliteration of sutures; in the female all seven segments are

perfectly distinct. In the majority of species the second abdominal

tergum, in both sexes, is strongly carinate transversely, as in Mursia.

11. Cryptosoma granulosum, (De Haan).

Cycloes granulosa, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 71, pl. xix. fig. 3.

Cryptosoma granuloswm, Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 293: Alcock and

Anderson, J. A. S. B., Vol. LXIII. 1894, pt. 2, pp. 198 and 208.

Carapace conspicuously longer than broad, its surface, like the

exposed surfaces of the chelipeds, finely and very closely granular: in

its anterior half there are also some small tubercles, most of which fall

into seven nearly longitudinal rows, one row being in the middle line.

The antero-lateral borders are very finely crenulate, and end ata tiny

lateral-epibranchial denticle. The convergent postero-lateral borders,

and the posterior border, are very finely and closely beaded. The outer

parts of the pterygostomian and subhepatic regions are covered with a

felt of fine short hairs.

The front is bidentate and projects beyond the level of the orbits:

the latter occupy all the rest of the anterior border.

The antennary flagella are very short.

The transverse ridge at the distal end of the arm is granular, and

is armed with three spines gradually increasing in size from within out-

wards: the upper surface of the wrist has several small tubercles: the

outer surface of the hand has, at its base, an oblique crest, which ends

acutely and is continued obliquely upwards as a line of small tubercles ;

a second line of tubercles runs parallel with this, obliquely across the

middle of the hand: the crest of the hand is 8-dentate.

The last pair of legs has its four terminal joints distinctly lamellar.

The carina of the second abdominal tergum is in both sexes trilob-

ed, the middle lobe being much smaller than the lateral lobes.

Andamans, depth not recorded: Maldives, 20-30 fms.

1896.] A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. A.

Matuta, Fabr., Edw.

Matuta, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., Suppl. p. 369.

Matuta, Milme-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 118.

Matuta, Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. (2) I. 1875-79 (1877) p. 243, and

“Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 294.

Matuta, de Man, Notes Leyden Mus. III. 1881, p. 109.

Carapace somewhat depressed, usually subcircular, with the

postero-lateral borders sharply convergent, and usually with a great

horizontal spike at the lateral epibranchial angle, on either side.

There are usually six more or less distinct tubercles, disposed quite

symmetrically, in the middle of the carapace, and there is commonly

an eminence, or even an acute tubercle, in the front half of the postero-

lateral border.

The front is about as wide as the orbit, and consists of three nearly

equal lobes, the middle one of which projects as a laminar rostrum with

the end usually bifid or emarginate.

The orbits are large and roughly reuiform: in the middle of the

upper border are two short sutures, placed close together; at the

external angle is a wide gap communicating with a deep groove in the

pterygostomian region; while at the internal angle is a fissufe com-

municating with the antennulary fossa. The eyestalks are stout but

somewhat elongate.

The antennules fold nearly longitudinally. The antenne are

almost rudimentary, and occupy a space between the basal-antennulary

joint and the lower wall of the orbit.

The external maxillipeds completely cover the mouth and all the

mouth-parts, up to the level of the front, the patulous efferent branchial

orifice being visible only from above. In repose the palp of the exter-

nal maxillipeds lies completely concealed within a deep groove in the

dorsal face of the long subacute meropodite.

On removal of the external maxillipeds a deep undivided efferent

canal is seen in the roof of the endostome, which groove is closed below -

by an elongate lamellar process of the first pair of maxillipeds.

The chelipeds are shaped on the Calappa plan, but are quite

singular in having, on the inner face, near the crest of the palm, two

raised obliquely-striated areas—one linear, the other broadly oval—

which in two species at any rate, and probably in all, are used as strid-

ulating organs. The meropodite, or “arm,” has the transverse distal

crest low, and only well-pronounced at the outer angle, where there is

a prominent lobule. The propodite or “hand” is compressed, but not

so much so as in Calappa, and has its upper border cristate, and its

outer surface definitely sculptured. The fingers, as well as the rest of

the chelipeds, are quite symmetrical.

di .20

# A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

The four ambulatory legs have the form of swimming-paddles,

the two terminal joints being broadened and compressed —in the first

and last pairs of legs enormously so.

The abdomen in the adult male consists of 5 segments, owing to

the intimate fusion of the 3rd, 4th and 5th terga: in the female and

young male all 7 terga are distinctly separate. In both sexes the first

tergum is almost entirely concealed beneath the carapace.

In the adult male the third tergum is very strongly carinate trans-

versely, and the second moderately so. In the female and young male

both the second and third terga are strongly carinate, and if there is any

inequality it is the second that is most prominent.

Owing partly to their great similarity, and partly to the insufficient descriptions

of earlier authors, the discrimination of the species of Matuta has always been

a matter of difficulty.*

The first species described and figured is the Cancer lunaris of Rumph (Am-

boinsche Rariteitkamer p. 11, pl. vii., fig. S. 1705), a species characterized by the

possession of an entire (1.e., not bifid) rostrum and of a very sharply defined tuber-

cle near the middle of either posterior border.

This species must, I believe, be (1) the species called M. banksii by Leach,

Miers, and subsequent authors, (2) the M. picta of Hess and Miers, (3) the M. dis-

tinguenda of Hoffmann, and (4) the M. obtusifrons of Miers. ~ I think also that the M.

granulosa of Miers and de Man is only a slightly abnormal form of Rumph’s species.

Rumph’s name having unfortunately been accepted for a quite different post-

Linnean species, cannot now be used; and Rumph’s species must therefore bear the

earliest applicable post-Linnzean name—namely M. banksii, Leach.

M. banksii according to Leach can be recognized by a very strong tubercle

behind the lateral spine.

The second known species of Matuta is the Cancer americanus of Seba

(Thesaurus III. 52, pl. xx., figs. 10, 11. 1758), of which it is impossible to say more

than that it roughly represents the form of the genus Matuta.

Herbst (Krabben, etc., 1790-1799) described and figured two species of Matuta.

One (Krabben, I. ii. 140, pl. vi. fig. 44), he called C. lunaris, and this he says is

Rumph’s species, quoting Rumph’s Latin and vernacular names: the other (I. ii.

143) he called C. victor of Fabricius. Subsequently, however (III. ii. 48) he re-

- named C. victor C. lunaris, figured it on pl. xlviii. fig. 6, and stated that his @. victor

and OC. lunaris are the same species.

Herbst’s two figures—pl. vi. fig. 44 and pl. xlviii. fig. 6—are so different,

however, that doubts must still remain as to whether they both really do refer to

the same species, and it does not seem to me that Hilgendorf’s observations, to be

presently referred to, clear these doubts up. I believe myself that Herbst’s plate

vi. fig. 44 might still be regarded, as Herbst at first seems to have regarded it, as

representing Rumph’s Caneer lunaris.

Fabricius who (Entomol. Syst., Suppl. p. 369, 1798) instituted the genus Matuta,

included in it two species— M. victor and M. planipes. We know, from Hilgendorf’s

paper to be presently considered, to what species of modern authors these refer.

* Unfortunately I have not been able to see Latreille’s article on the genus

Matuta in the Encyclopédie Méthodique, Vol. X.

1896.] A. Aleock —Carcinological Fauna of India. 155

Leach (Zool. Miscellany III. pp. 12-14, 1817), gave brief diagnoses of four

species of Matuta. One of these—WM. banksii—I believe to apply to Rumph’s

Cancer lunaris.

A second—WM. lesweurii —is referred by Miers, and I think with justice, to the

M. victor of Fabricius.

A third—WM. peronii—is also, and I think rightly, referred by Miers to WM. victor,

Fabr.

The fourth— IW. lunuris—is regarded by Miers, whose paper will be considered

in the sequel, as applicable to M. picta of Hess, a species characterized by having

a simple rostrum and a tubercle in the postero-lateral border. Now Leach’s figure

shows a distinctly bilobed rostrum, and has no tubercle on the postero-lateral border,

so that I do not see how the name WM. picta can apply to it. Leach’s M. twnaris seems

to me rather to agree with the species described by Henderson as M. miersit.

To sum up, it seems to me that three species were known to Leach, namely

M. banksii, leach, (Rumph’s species), M. victor Fabr. and perhaps the species now

known as MV. miersii, Henders.

The great naturalist Milne-Edwards only admitted two species of Matuta,

namely WM. lunaris and M. victor, and it is only because I have been able to examine

over 400 specimens from all parts of the Indian coasts, that I venture to disagree

from him.

I can reconcile his description of M. lunaris with the M. lunaris of Leach and

with Guérin’s figure of M. peronii (not Leach’s); but on the strength of Hilgendorf’s

statements I do not see how it can be reconciled with Herbst’s Cancer lunaris.

Milne-Edwards italicizes the fact that the carpus of the penultimate pair of legs is

bicarinate : now the only species known to me that agrees with his description in

other respects, and has also the carpus of the penultimate legs full and indistinctly

bicarinate, is Henderson’s M. miersit.

The &. victor of Milne-Edwards seems to be Fabricius’ species, although I do

not think that the whole of the synonomy can be accepted.

Miers’ classical attempt (Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. (2) I. 1875-79 [1877] p. 243)

to simplify the confusion existing in this group, although forming a careful critical

and extremely valuable paper, yet fails for the reason that the character selected

by Miers for the primary subdivision of the genus—namely the sculpture of the

hands and fingers—varies not only according to sex (as Miers indeed fully recog-

nized), but also according to age.

In Miers’ system the adult males of I. victor, Fabr. and of M. lunaris Hbst.

Hilgendorf, belong to one section of the genus, and the young males to the other

section.

One has, of course, to be very careful in deciding that any given small speci-

men of Matuta corresponds with the young of any given large specimen; but when

one finds, for example, that a small male individual, taken on the same spot with a

large male and female, exactly resembles the adults in all important characters, and

differs from the adult male, and agrees with the adult female, just in those very

characters where the adult female differs from the adult male; when, therefore,

such a young one can be confused with no other known species; and when moreover

these agreements and differences are found to have a general correspondence

throughout the whole genus; then one can with some confidence assign that young

individual to its place.

One of the most constant aibrersees, throughout the genus, between the adult

156 A. Alcock —Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

male on the one hand, and the female and young male on the other hand, is found

in the second and third abdominal terga: in all adult males the third abdominal

tergum is very strongly carinated transversely, and the second is carinated also,

but not nearly so strongly: in all adult females both the second and the third terga

are either equally strongly carinate, or, if one is more prominent than the ee it

is the second.

The other differences between the sexes are those (emphasized by Miers) that

occur in the sculpture of the hand and fingers; and these differences also apply

between the adult male and the young male, which Miers does not appear to have

taken into consideration.

The nine species separated by Miers can, in my opinion, be reduced to three,

namely, MW. banksit Leach (Rumph’s species), WM. victor, Fabr., and WM. lunaris Hbst.

Hilgendorf.

Tlie next paper to be referred to is that by Hilgendorf (Monatsber. Ak. Berl.

1878 [1879] p. 810), which is a most authoritative contribution, since the writer had

been able to examine Fabricius’ types of M. victor and M. planipes, and apparently

also Herbst’s specimens. Dr. Hilgendorf states definitely (1) that M. victor Fabr.

is the species carefully described and figured as WM. victriz by Miers (loc. cit.) ; (2)

that the species figured by Herbst. on pl. xlviir. fig. 6 is the unequivocally recogniz-

able M. rwbro-lineata of Miers (loc. cit.); and (3) that the M. planipes of Fabricius

is M. lunaris of Herbst. Itis most unfortunate that Dr. Hilgendorf does not tell us

whether both of Herbst’s figures refer to the same species, or not. We now know,

without any ambiguity, what Herbst’s pl. xlviii. fig. 6 is; but we are still in doubt

as to the meaning of pl. vi. fig. 44.

The last reference necessary is to de Man’s paper (Notes Leyden Mus. III. 1881,

p. 109), on the species of Matuta in the Leyden Museum, a paper that embodies the

results of an examination of no less than 270 specimens. With most of Dr. de Man’s

synonomy I entirely agree, although I am unable to follow him in the acceptance of

M. granulosa, MW. maculata and M. picta as distinct species.

Dr. de Man rightly recognizes the value of the sculpture of the hand and

fingers in the descrimination of the species; but, equally with Mr. Miers; he takes

no due notice of the fact that this character varies with age, at any rate in the male

sex. He considers that the development of the tubercles on the surface and lateral

margins of the carapace furnishes a character of only secondary importance, in

which opinion I cannot quite agree with himif he includes the tubercle_on the

postero-lateral border.

It remains only to refer to the opinions of those who, like M. A. Milne-Edwards

and Dr. Ortmann, regard all the forms of Matuta as varieties of a single species.

This view would seem to imply that the characters by which the species are usually

recognized are variable,—either indefinitely so, or in response to some local

peculiarities of the environment. Of this I can find no evidence.

Certain of the characters that I have used in separating the species in the

Indian Museum Collection are, as far as an examination of over 400 specimens goes,

perfectly well defined, whether in the young or in the adult, and whether from the

same locality or not.

The characters of the first importance in the separation of the

species are those emphasized by Milne Edwards, namely (1) the form

of the carpus of the penultimate pair of legs—whether full and

1896. ] A. Aleock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 157

*bicarinate,” or compressed and unicarinate, and (2) the extent of the

raised postero-lateral border—whether stopping short of the great

lateral spine, or prolonged into the border of that spine. With regard

to the first of these characters, it may be remarked that the distinction

drawn is between a distinctly compressed carpus, and a distinctly in-

flated carpus. With regard to the second, the distinction drawn is

between a sharply-raised border that (in any position of the carapace

and in any light) can be plainly seen to form a considerable part of the

hinder border of the great lateral spine, and a border that stops at the

base of the spine or even further. behind. The sculpture of the lower

part of the outer surface of the hand is also very definite in all the

species, and—if age and sex be taken into due consideration —the

sculpture of the median ridge of the hand and of the dactylus. The

presence or absence of a tubercle on the postero-lateral border is also

of importance.

Key to the species of Matuta.

[1. Carapace pentagonal, lateral epibranchial spine

rudimentary co me ... MM. inermis.* |

II. Carapace more subcircular than pentagonal,

lateral epibranchial spine greatly developed

(Indian species) :—

1. Front just equal to the orbit in width,

rostrum simple or faintly emarginate :

a sharply defined acute tubercle near

the middle of the posterolateral border WM. banks?i.

2. Front distinctly wider than the orbit,

rostrum distinctly bilobed: postero-

lateral border with or without an

obscurely defined eminence near its

middle :—

i. Postero-lateral borderelevated

throughout, forming a con-

siderable part of the hinder

border of the great lateral

spine, and without any trace

of a tubercle or eminence:

lower surface of hand very

rough in the adults of both

Sexes nce we MM. miersii.

* M. inermis, Miers, Zoology H. M.S. ‘ Alert,’ p. 256, pl. xxvi. fig.C. Known:

only from the Melanesian part of the Indo-Pacific area.

158 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

ul. Postero-lateral border ele-

vated posteriorly, gradually

subsiding at or behind the

great lateral spine, and with

an obscurely defined emi-

nence: lower surface of hand

quite smooth in the adult

male, a little rough in the

female and young :—

a. A distinct spine at the

angle of the hand

where it comes in

contact with the ex-

ternal angle of the

arm: carapace coy-

ered with minute red

IOUS. “Gos ose . M. victor.

b. Only a tubercle at the

angle of the hand

where it touches the

external angle of

the arm: carapace

covered with spots,

rings, and vermi-

cular lines.... ... ... M. lunaris.

(I. planipes.)

12. Matuta banksii, Leach.

Cancer lunaris, Rumph, Amboinsche Rariteitkamer, I. p. 11, pl. vii. fig. S. (1705).

?? Cancer lunaris, Herbst, Krabben I. ii. 140, pl. vi. fig. 4 (mec III. i. 48,

pl. xlviii. fig. 6).

?? Matuta victor, Bosc, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 225, pl. iv. fig. 3, (nec Fabr.)

Matuta banksii, Leach, Zool. Miscell III. p. 14. (1817).

Matuta victor, Desmarest, Consid. Crust. p. 101, pl. vii. fig. 2 (nec Fabr.)

Matuta victor var. quinta et sexta, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 128.

Matuta banksit, Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. (2) 1. 1875-79 (1876) p. 245,

pl. xl. figs. 1, 2, and Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) V. 1880, p. 315, and ‘Challenger’

Brachyura, p. 295: de Man, Notes Leyden Mus. III. 1881, p. 115, and Archiy.

fur Naturgesch. LILI. 1887, i. p. 389, and in Weber’s Zool. Ergeb. Niederl. Ost.-Ind.

II. 1892, p. 351: A. O. Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. XX. 1890, p. 111: Zehntner.

Rev. Suisse de Zool. IT. 1894, p. 183, pl. viii. fig. 15.

Matuta picta, Hess, Arch. fiir Naturges. XXXI. i. 1865, pp. 158, 172, pl. vi.

fig. 18: Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. (2) I. 1875-79, (1876) p. 246, pl. xl. figs.

5-7, and ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 295: H. Nauck, Zeits. Wiss. Zool. XXXIV.

1880, p. 46 (gastric teeth): de Man, Notes Leyden Mus. III. 1881, p, 118, and

Zool. Jahrbucher, Il. 1887, p. 703: Haswell, Cat. Austr. Crust. p. 135.

1896.] A. Aleock— Carcinological Fauna of India. 159

Matuta distinguenda, Hoffmann in Pollen and Van Dam’s Fauna Madagasc.,

Crust. p. 27, pl. vi. figs. 49-52, pl. vii. figs. 53-57 (1874): Lenz and Richters, Abh.

Senk. Ges. XII. 1881, p. 425.

Matuta obtusifrons, Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. (2) I. 1875-79 (1876), p. 247,

pl. xl. figs. 8 and 9, and Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) V. 1880, p. 316.

? Matuta granulosa, Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. (2) I. 1875-79 (1876) p. 245,

pl. xxxix. figs.8,9, and ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 295: de Man, Notes Leyden

Mus. III. 1881, p. 114: Haswell, Cat. Austral. Crust. p. 134.

Matuta victor, varr. 5 and 6, and ? 4, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrbucher, Syst., &., VL.,

1891-92, pp. 572, 573.

Carapace coarsely granular in the epibranchial, post-gastric and

cardiac regions. All six tubercles are almost always very distinct, both

in the young and adult.

The antero-lateral borders are crenulate, the last three crenulations

forming three large blunt teeth. The posterior and postero-lateral bor-

ders form a continuous granular slightly-elevated ridge, which stops at

a sharply-defined tubercle, or tooth, situated considerably in rear of the

lateral epibranchial spine. The length of this lateral spine (measured

along its front border) is always less than one-fourth the breadth of

the carapace.

Front just equal in width to the orbit: rostrum either entire, or

faintly emarginate.

Hand with the upper border, or crest, trilobed, and the lower

border dentate as far as the base of the immobile finger. Below the

crest are two obliquely-longitudinal rows of tubercles, the lower some-

what broken and irregular. Below these, the hand is traversed longi-

tudinally, as far as the finger-cleft, by a row of 5 teeth, of which the

2nd (counting from the proximal end) is enlarged and acute, and the

4th is also somewhat enlarged and acute, but less so in the adult male

than in the female and young male. The surface of the hand, below

the ridge, is roughened, and is traversed—from the angle where the

hand touches the arm, to the immobile finger —by a row of molariform

tubercles, which is continued to the tip of the immobile finger as a ridge

and furrow: the first of these tubercles, at ‘the angle where the hand

touches the arm, is enlarged and acute. The dactylus in the female and

young male is convex and smooth: in the adult male it is longitudinally

traversed by a sharp ridge, which becomes milled at the distal end.

The carpus of the penultimate pair of legs is full and even inflated,

and shows more or less distinct traces of a second dorsal longitudinal

carina.

Colour in spirit bright yellow, with a fine close discontinuous

reticulum of red markings, which give to the whole, when viewed from

_a distance, a rich chestnut-brown appearance. The legs are also of the

160 A. Aleock— Carcinological Fauna of India. . [No. 2,

same bright yellow colour, with copious chestnut-brown markings.

Under surface light yellow.

In the Indian Seas only at the Andamans and Nicobars.

The branchial cavity in this species is often occupied by a Bopyrid.

I have examined 63 specimens in the Indian Museum collection,

comprising 19 adult males, 28 females, and 16 young males.

13. * Matuta victor, Fabr., Hilgendorf.+

Cancer victor, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Il. 449 (fide Hilgendorf). 1793.

' Matuta victor, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl., p. 369 (fide Hilgendorf).

Matuta victor, Milne Edwards in Cuvier, Régne Animal, Crust. pl. vii. and Hist,

Nat. Crust. Il. 115.

Matuta victor, var. prima et secunda, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 127.

Matuta victor, Hilgendorf in Von der Decken’s Reisen in Ost.-Afr. III. i. Crust.

p. 98, pl. iii. fig. 2: Hoffmann in Pollen and Van Dam’s Faun. Madagasc., Crust.,

p- 27, pl. vi. figs. 45-48: HinGEenporF, MB. ak. Ber, 1878, p. 810.

Matuta victriz, Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc.. Zool. (2) I. 1875-79 (1876) p. 243,

pl. xxxix. figs. 1-3, and Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) V. 1880, p. 815, and Zool. H. M.S.

‘Alert’ pp. 185, 256, and ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 295: de Man, Notes

Leyden Mus. 1IJ. 1881, p. 110, and Archiv fur Naturges. LILI. 1887, i. p. 389:

Haswell, Cat. Austral. Crust. p. 183: J.R. Henderson, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci.

1886-87, p. 65, and Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. (2) .V. 1893, p. 396: Ortmann, Zool.

Jahrbucher, Syst. etc. VI. 1891-92, varr. 1 and 2 pp. 571-572.

Matuta victrix var. crebrepunctata, Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. (2) I. 1875-79

(1876), p. 244, pl. xxxix. fig. 4, and ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 295: de Man

in Weber’s Zool. Ergeb. Nieder]. Ost.-Ind. II.‘p. 351.

Maututa peronii, Leach (nec Guérin), Zool. Miscell. III. p. 18, pl. 127, figs. 1, 2.

Matuta lesweurti, Leach, Zoo]. Miscell. III. p. 14.

Matuta maculata, Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. (2) I. 1875-79 (1876) p. 246,

pl. xl. figs. 3, 4, and ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 295: de Man, Notes Leyden

Mus. III. 1881, p. 116.

Carapace finely granular in the epibranchial, post-gastric and

cardiac regions, The two anterior tubercles are obsolescent; the

other four are visible, but are not conspicuous in the adult.

The antero-lateral borders are crenulate, two —sometimes three— of

the crenulations being somewhat enlarged, but never forming stout teeth.

The posterior and postero-lateral borders form a continuous finely-beaded

slightly-elevated ridge, which ends on a faintly-marked elevation,

situated considerably in rear of the lateral spine. The length of the

* The specific name victor is here regarded as a noun substantive in apposition to

Matuta, just as in the name Felis leo, the masculine noun /eo is in apposition to the

feminine noun felis. It seems unnecessary to change the old established name

M. victor for a name based on the personal claims of the goddess Mututa.

+ No references are given, except such as appear to be unequivocally applicable

to M. victor as re-defined by Miers and confirmed by Hilgendorf.

1896. ] A. Aleock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 161

lateral spine is always very much more than one-fourth—often more

than one-third —the breadth of the carapace.

The front is wider than the orbit: the rostrum is sharply bilobed.

Hand with the crest trilobed—the proximal lobe broad, the others

acute, and with the lower border dentate (female and young male) or

bluntly crenulate (adult male) as far as the base of the immobile finger.

Below the crest, on the upper aspect of the hand, are two obliquely-

longitudinal rows of tubercles, the lower of which is somewhat broken

and irregular. Below these the hand is traversed longitudinally by a

ridge, which varies according to age and sex: in the adult male it is

strongly salient and is continued nearly to the tip of the immobile

finger, and has at its proximal end a tubercle followed by a spine: in

the female and younger male it becomes nearly obsolete at the base of

the immobile finger, and is broken up into five lobes, of which the

second (counting from the proximal end) and the fourth are spines—the

second being very large. The surface of the hand below this ridge is

smooth in the adult male, except for a strongish spine at the angle

where the hand touches the arm; but in tle female and younger male

it is traversed just above the lower border by a raised but broken ridge,

which is most distinct on the immobile finger. The. dactylus varies

also according to sex and age: in the adult male its external surface

is traversed from base to tip by a strongly-milled ridge: in the adult

female and youngest males there is little trace of ridge, and none of

milling: and the ridge and milling gradually appear in the male with

growth, often showing on one hand before the other.

The carpus of the penultimate pair of legs is compressed, and is

surmounted dorsally by a single carina.

Colours of carapace, in spirit, dull yellowish-brown to dull olive-

green, with a multitude of speckles.

Indian coasts— Penang, Tavoy, Arakan; Andamans, Ganges Delta,

M4hanaddi Delta, Madras, Ceylon, Malabar coast, Karachi.

I have examined 41 adult males, 120 females, and 49 young males

in the Indian Museum collection.

This grows to a larger size than any other species of Matuta.

14. Matuta lunaris (Herbst) Hilgendorf.!

2 Cancer lunaris, Herbst, Krabben I, ii. 140, pl. vi. fig. 44, (1790).

Matuta planipes, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 369 (fide Hilgendorf), 1798.

Matuta lwmaris, Herbst (nec Rumph) Krabben, III. i. 43, pl. xlviii. fig. 6 (jide

Hilgendorf), 1799.

1 No references are given except such as appear to be unequivocally applicable

te the M. lwnaris of Hilgendori.

J. u. 21

162 A. Alcock — Careinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

Matuta appendiculata, Bosc, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 225.

Matuta victor, var. tertia et quarta, DeHaan, Faun. Japon. Crust. pp. 127

and 128.

Matuta lunaris, Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. (2) I. 1875-79 (1876) p. 247,

pl. xl. figs. 10-11 (2 and young 2), and ‘Challenger’ Braclryura, p. 295: HineeNDORF

MB. Ax. Buri. 1878, p. 810: de Man, Notes Leyden Museum, III. 1881,

p. 112: Henderson, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci. 1886-87, p. 66, fig. 6, and Trans. Linn.

Soc. Zool. (2) V. 18938, p. 396.

Matuta rubrolineata, Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. (2) I. 1875-79 (1876), p. 244,

pl. xxxix. figs. 5, 6.

Matuta lineifera, Miers, op. cit., p. 245, pl. xxxix. fig. 7: Haswell Cat.

Austral. Crust. p. 134.

Matuta circulifera, Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) V. 1880, p. 315, pl. xiv.

fig. 5, and Challenger Brachyura, p. 295.

Matuta laevidactyla, Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) V. 1880, p. 316 (footnote),

and ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 296 (¢ and young 4).

Matuta victor, var. 3, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrbucher, Syst. &c. VI. 1891-92,

p. 572.

Except in colour this species resembles Matuta victor very closely,

differing only in the following characters :—

(1) the carapace is almost smooth, and the tubercles in the adult,

e, are all indistinct : ;

(2) instead of a spine at the angle where the hand comes in con-

tact with the distal lobule of the arm, there is only a tubercle, or a pair

of tubercles:

(3) the fourth lobe of the median longitudinal ridge on the outer

surface of the hand is not enlarged or acute: so that, in both sexes,

and at all ages, there is only one large spine on the outer surface of the

hand. Apart from this, exactly the same sexual and growth-differ-

ences occur in the hand as in WM. victor:

(4) the colour of the carapace, in spirit, is bright yellow with ver-

micular red lines, which usually form spots or incomplete rings ou the

but not in the youn

anterior half of the carapace and narrow longitudinal loops posteriorly.

I have heard this species stridulate.

Indian coasts — Mergui, Andamans, Burma, Sunderbunds and Gan-

getic Delta, Mahanaddi Delta, Madras, Bombay, Karachi.

In the Indian Museum collection are 5 adult males, 55 females

(many ovigerous), and fifteen young males.

The question of uniting this species with WM. victor, as a variety,

has to be carefully considered. After examining 210 specimens of

M. victor and 75 of M. lunaris I find that the differences between them

hold good irrespective of age or sex, and I would therefore regard the

two species as perfectly distinct. I acquiesce in the name WM. lunaris

only on the supposition that Hilgendorf’s remarks apply to both of

Herbst’s figures. If they do not apply to Herbst’s pl. vi. fig. 44,

then the Fabrician name M. planipes would have the priority.

1896. ] A. Aleock —Carcinological Fauna of India. 163

15. Matuta miersii, Henderson.

2? Matuta peronii, Guérin Méneville, Icon. Régne Animal, pl. i. fig. 1 (nec Leach).

2? Matuta lunaris, Leach, Zool. Miscell. IIT. p. 13, pl. 127, figs. 8-5.

2? Matuta lunaris, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. IT. 114 (nee Rumph, nec

Herbst).

Matuta miersii, Henderson, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci. 1886-87, p. 66, figs. 1-4, and

Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. (2) V. 1893, p. 396.

Carapace granular upon the eminences that support the tubercles,

and towards the lateral epibranchial spines. All six tubercles of the

carapace almost always distinct, both in the young and adult.

The antero-lateral borders are crenulate, the last three crenula-

tions forming three large blunt teeth. The posterior and postero-lateral

borders form a continuous, beaded, strongly-elevated ridge, which runs

about half way along the edge of the lateral epibranchial spine and has

in ‘its course no trace of a tubercle or eminence. The length of the

lateral spine is always, even in the yoang, less — often much less—than

one-fourth the breadth of the carapace.

The front is wider than the orbit : the rostrum is distinctly bilobed.

Hand with the upper-border trilobed,—the lobes being almost

always equal and acute, and with the lower border dentate, in both

sexes and at all ages, as far as the base of the immobile finger. Below

the crest, on the upper aspect of the hand, are two obliquely longitud-

inal, regular, unbroken rows of close-set teeth. Below these the hand

is traversed longitudinally, as far as the firger-cleft, by a row of 5 teeth,

the second of which (counting from the proximal end) is enlarged and

acute. The surface of the hand below this ridge, as well as the surface

of the immobile finger, is roughened, and is traversed longitudinally,

at least as far as the middle of the finger, by a row of molariform

tubercles, which row is sometimes incompletely double; but none of

the tubercles are acute.

The characteristic sculpture of the hand is the same in the young

and adult, in both sexes.

The carpus of the penultimate pair of legs is full, not compressed,

and shows more or less distinct traces of a second dorsal carina.

Colour of carapace in spirit: olive yellow with red dots which are

arranged in broadish vermicular lines and rings.

This is the smallest of all the species of Matuta: the largest male

in the collection of the Indian Museum has a carapace-breadth of only

29 millim., and the largest ovigerous female a carapace-breadth of only

20 millim., although there is a single female — non-ovigerous

as the largest male.

It can be at once distineuished from M. banksii — which it most

nearly resembles — by the complete absence of a tubercle on the postero-

as large

164 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

lateral border; and by this border being elegantly beaded, raised in

very strong relief, and continued far along the edge of the lateral spine.

In the Indian Seas this species has only been found on the Madras

coast.

Although I have frequently dredged it, I have never done so in less

than nine fathoms. I have on more than one occasion heard it make a

musical noise audible at several yards distance.

As Henderson has remarked, a Sacculina is often found parasitic

on the male.

In the Museum collection are 14 adult males, 40 females, and 15

young males.

Family LEUCOSIIDA.

Leucosiens, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crnst. II. 118. ‘

Leucosidea, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 129.

Leucostvide, Dana, U. 8. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 390.

Leucosiadez, Bell, Trans. Linn. Sos. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 277.

Leucosiidx, Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 297.

Carapace circular or oval or polygonal. Eyes and orbits very small:

front narrow but many times wider than the orbit. The antennules

fold more or less obliquely. The antennz are sma!i, sometimes obsolete.

The external maxillipeds completely close the bueeal cavern, except

that very commonly there is a crevice in front: their palp or flagellum

springs from a groove in their dorsad surfaee near the inner edge,

and is completely concealed when the maxillipeds are im repose: the

exognath is broad, sometimés remarkably broad.

The afferent branchial channels oceupy the sides of the endostome

on either side of the deep median endostomia! groove which, as in the

Calappide, serves as an efferent branelial channel. The afferent

channels are covered in by the exognaths of the external maxillipeds;

the efferent channel is covered in immediately, as in the Calappide, by

a pair of lamellar processes from the first maxillipeds.

Vhe chelipeds are symmetrical and have no remarkable peculiarity

of form.

‘he abdominal terga are very rarely distinctly separate: commonly

im both sexes the 3rd—6th are intimately fused with obliteration of

sutures, sometimes however the 6th also is independent, and in a few

forms the sutures are not obliterated.

The vasa deferentia emerge through the 5th thoracic sternum on

either side, near the bases of the 5th legs.

The Leucosiidse are such a natural group, and the various forms of

which it is composed show so many intergradations, that any attempt

to spit it up into “sub-families ’ must be received with caution.

1896. ] A. Aleock— Carcinological Fauna of India. 165

Among the genera known to me by autopsy, however, two extremes”

of form are plainly recognizable, and I propose to use these two ex-

tremes as the bases of two natural alliances or sub-families.

The first alliance is typified by Leucosia and Philyra, the second by

Ilia and Iphiculus.

In Leucosia and Philyra the merus of the external maxillipeds is

as long as the ischium measured along the inner border ; the fingers are

stout and compressed, taper gradually from a broad base, and are

usually shorter than the hand; the hand is stout, compressed, and if

anything a little broader at its distal end than at its base; and when

the specimen is laid face downwards on the table, with the chelipeds

resting on the table in a semi-flexed position, the fingers open and close

in a horizontal plane.

In Ilia and Iphiculus, on the other hand, the merus of the external

maxillipeds is only half the length of the ischinm measured along the

inner border ; the fingers are slender and of almost the same diameter

from the base to near the hook-hke tip, ana are very much longer than

the hand ; the hand is either subglobular, or tapering-cylindrical with

a swollen base; and when the specimen is placed in the position above

described, the fingers open and close in either a vertical or oblique plane,

and in Iphiculus the dactylus can, without any breakage or unnatural

dislocation of parts, be moved through an arc of about 120°.

Speaking only of the genera known to me by autopsy, the following,

though they differ a good deal from Leucosia in the characters under

consideration, do not differ nearly so much as they do from Ilia :—Pseu-

dophilyra, Myra, Parilia, Randallia, Hbalhia, Nursia, Merocryptus, Onycho-

morpha. Tlos and Oreophorus also, although their fingers move ina

nearly vertical plane, yet in other respects show no close affinities with

the Ilia type, but rather, through Nursia, with the Leucosia type; and

Actzomorpha goes with Oreophorus.

On the other hand, the following Indian genera belong to the Ilia

alliance :—Myrodes, Iphiculus, Nursilia, Arcana. Ixa also, although its

fingers are much shorter than the hand, clearly in other respects

belongs to this alliance.

T would define these two subfamilies as follows :—

1. Subfamily Lewcosiinw. Merus of external maxillipeds more,

often much more, than half the length of the ischium measured along

the inner border : fingers stout, gradually narrowing from base to tip,

seldom much longer, commonly shorter, and often very much shorter

than the hand, either opening in a horizontal plane or if in a vertical

_plane then the immobile finger is markedly more massive than the

dactylus, the tip of the dactylus hardly ever movable through an are

166 A. Aleock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

of over 60°: hands stout, generally longer than broad, and compressed,

hardly ever broader at the base than at the distal end —when short

broad and swollen (as often occurs in the Oreophoroid alliance) then the

immobile finger is markedly more massive than the dactylus.

2. Subfamily Iliinz. Merus of external maxillipeds half or less

than half the length of the ischium measured along the inner border:

fingers slender, almost of the same diameter from base to near tip,

either very much longer thau the hand, or if shorter thau the hand

then of filiform slenderness; either opening and closing in a vertical

plaue, or if in a nearly horizontal plane then the tip of the dactylus is

movable through an arc of about 120°: hands either short swollen and

subglobular, or tapering-cylindrical with a swollen base, always much

broader at the base than at the point of origin of the fingers.

The following is a list of the genera of Leucosoid Crabs, so far as

known to me, arranged in accordance with the classification here

proposed. Indian genera are printed in Roman type, and all genera

known to me by autopsy are marked with an asterisk :—

Family Leucosiide.

Sub-family I. Lewcosiine.

Autiance I. ORreopHororpa.

* Acteomorpha.

? Carcinaspis, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1858, p. 161.

Cryptocnemus, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1858, p. 161.

* Heteronucia, n. gen.

* Merocryptus, A. Milne-Hdwards, Journ. Mus. Godeff. I. iv. p. 84

(260). 1873. [Transition towards Nursia].

* Oreophorus.

Speleophorus, A. Milne. Edwards, Ann. Soc. Ent. France. (4) V.

1865, p. 148.

* Tlos.

Uhlias, Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., New York, X. 1874, p. 117.

Auuiance IJ. Nourstorpa.

* Kbalia.

Lithadia, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. X XT. 1855, p. 305.

* Nursia.

Phlyxia, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. XXT. 1855, p. 303.

[ Bellidilia, Kinahan, Journ. Roy. Dub. Soe. I. 1858, p. 128: re-

garded by Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, as synouomous with (Phlyxia

and) Hbalia. |

1896. ] A. Aleock— Carcinological Fauna of India. 167

Autiance III. Nocroipa.

* Nucia.

* Parilia.

* Randallia.

Auiance IV. Myrorpa.

Leucosilia, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. XXI. 1855, p. 295.

* Myra (= Myropsis, Stimpson).

Persephona, Leach, Zool. Miscell. III. 22 (1817) [=Guaia, Milne-

Edwards, vide Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. XXI. 1855, p. 292.

Awuuiance V. Levucosioipa.

* Leucosia.

* Onychomorpha (perhaps the only known representative of a

distinct alliance).

* Philyra.

* Pseudophilyra.

Sub-family II. Ihine.

Auuiance I. Myroporpa.

Callidactylus, Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. II. 1870-71, p. 157.

* Myrodes.

AxuuiANce II. IJruicunorpa.

Iphiculus.

Pariphiculus, n. gen.

Auuiance III. Norsruioipa.

* Heterolithadia.

* Nursilia.

Auurance LV. Ixiorpa.

* Arcania (=Iphis, Leach).

* Ilia, Leach, Zool. Miscell. III. 19: Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat,

Crust. II. 123.

TIliacantha, Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. II. 1870-71, p. 155:

Miers ‘ Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 301.

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A. Alcock —Carcinological Fauna of India.

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186

A. Aleock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 169

1896.]

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A. Aleock — Carcinological Fauna of India.

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1896. ]

A. Aleock—Carcinological Fauna of India.

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172 A. Alcock — Careinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

Actzomorpha, Miers.

Actxomorpha, Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., Vol. XIII. 1878, p. 184.

Carapace Cancroid, convex, granular. Kront broad, not projecting

much. Orbits quite complete. <Antennary flagella absent, basal joint

present and fused with the orbit to form its inner wall. The antennules

fold obliquely.

The external maxillipeds close the buccal cavern completely: their

exopodite is narrow, with the outer edge almost straight : the triangular

merus is about two-thirds the length of the ischium measured along the

inner border.

Chelipeds massive, not, or hardly, longer than the carapace: hand

short and broad, and about the same length as the stout compressed

fingers.

True legs short and stout: the meropodites, in flexion, are some-

what hidden beneath the carapace.

The abdomen in both sexes has all seven terga distinctly separate,

and in the male is narrow-ovate.

In general appearance Actzomorpha, as Miers states, much resembles the Can-

croid Actea granulata: it is, however, a true Leucosid, and closely related to

Oreophorus, as Miers has stated. :

Key to the Indian species of Acteeomorpha.

1. Regions of carapace separated by deep clean

cut channels Age sg .. A. morum.

2. Regions of carapace separated by shallow

shelving grooves ... aa .. A. lapillulus.

16. Actxomorpha morum, nu. sp. Plate VIII. fig. 3.

Carapace broader than long, somewhat oval, strongly convex, closely

covered — like the whole body — with large smooth crowded vesiculous

granules. The regions of the carapace as a whole are completely isola-

ted from a broad marginal ring by a broad sculptured circumferential

groove, a very narrow bridge alone connecting the front with the gastric

region: and the regions are again most elegantly isolated from each

other (1) by two obliquely-longitudinal channels that cut off the acutely-

triangular gastro-cardiac region from the somewhat reniform branchial

regions, and (2) by a transverse channel that cuts off the semi-oval

intestinal region —the channels being all in communication with the mar-

ginal channel. The isolated marginal ring consists of the front, which

is thickened, broad, and slightly prominent; of the posterior margin,

which is thickened, slightly curved, and slightly prominent; and of

four sharp-cut lateral lobes on either side.

1896. ] A. Aleock—Carcinological Fauna of India, 173

The eyes and orbits are visible in a dorsal view.

The chelipeds and legs are closely crowded with large granules,

which on the under surface are smooth and vesiculous, and on the

upper surface are spiniform. The chelipeds in the female are about as

long as the carapace: the hands are about as long as the fingers: the

fingers are traversed by close rows of tiny granules nearly to the tip.

The legs are stout and short, with very slender hairy dactyli: in flexion

they are somewhat hidden by the carapace.

Orange colour in spirit.

Two females from a bottom of sand and shells, off the Ganjam

Coast, 28 to 30 fathoms. They do not seem to be quite adult, and the

carapace is 10 millim. long and 12 millim, broad.

17. <Actaeomorpha lapillulus, u. sp.

Carapace broader than long, strongly convex, crowdedly pustulous :

its regions are all well-defined by shallow grooves, and the branchial

and intestinal regions are also separated from the margin by shallow

grooves. The front is somewhat prominent, and is obscurely bilobed ;

the hepatic regions though dorsally sunken are angularly convex in the

antero-lateral margin, the lateral margins are coarsely and bluntly

three-lobed, and the posterior margin is thickened and somewhat

prominent. The eyes are hardly visible in a dorsal view. The under

surface of the body is closely granular.

The chelipeds are everywhere nodular and pustulous, and the legs

are more or less granular on the under surface, and are covered on the

dorsal surface with crowded spiniform granules. The chelipeds in

the female are about as long as the carapace, and the hands are about

as long as broad and not much longer than the fingers. The legs

are stout and short, and are somewhat hidden by the carapace in

flexion,—that surface of the carapace being somewhat grooved by the

pressure of the meropodites.

Colours in spirit: yellowish white, mottled with orange.

Two males and a female from off Ceylon, 34 fms., and a female

from off Ceylon 32 fms., the bottom in both cases consisting of broken

coral and shells.

The largest specimen—a female not quite adult — has a carapace

9 millim. long and 11 millim. broad.

Oreophorus, Rippell.

Oreophorus, Riippell, Beschreibung, etc., Kuraschwinzigen Krabben des rothen

Meeres, p. 18 (1830).

Oreophorus, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 130.

‘

174 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

Oreophorus, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 366, and Cat. Lencos.

Brit. Mus. p. 18.

Carapace broadly semi-elliptical or subpentagonal, so that its

postero-lateral margins overhang and completely conceal the legs in

flexion (much as in Calappa) ; strongly convex, nodose, and often sym-

metrically eroded or honey-combed. The front forms a distinct, slightly

upturned, triangular projection, with the orbits almost on its under

surface.

Eyes small; orbits quite complete, the inner canthus being com-

pletely closed by the tight-fitting basal antennal joint. No antennary

flagella. Antennules folding obliquely.

The external maxillipeds close the buccal cavern completely : their

exopodite is narrow, with the outer edge almost straight: the triangu-

lar merus is nearly two-thirds the length of the ischium, measured

along the inner border.

Chelipeds massive, not very much longer than the carapace: hand

short and broad: fingers about twice as long as the hand, their inner

surface hollowed like a spoon: the immobile finger enormously

massive.

True legs small, and hidden, when flexed, by the lateral expansions

of the carapace.

The abdomen of the male consists of three pieces, and is acutely

triangular; that of the female consists of four pieces.

In India these little crabs are found only on bottoms of dead coral shingle, to

the eroded fragments of which the crabs themselves have a most extraordinary

likeness, the likeness being increased by an encrusting growth of Foraminifera,

Polyzoa, etc., to which the crabs like the shingle, are subject.

18. Oreophorus reticulatus, Adams & White.

Oreophorus reticulatus, Adams and White, ‘Samarang’ Crustacea, p. 54, pl. vi.

fig. 1 (1850): Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 307, and Cat. Leucos. Brit.

Mus. p. 19: A. Milne-Edwards; Ann. Soc. Ent. Franc. (4) V. 1865, p. 151: Miers,

Zool. H. M.S. ‘ Alert,’ pp. 185, 254: A.O. Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., XX.

1890, p. 111.

Carapace with three caverns, diminishing in size from before back-

wards, excavated just inside the front and lateral margins on either

side. The caverns have undermined edges, and the first communicates

with the second by a tunnel, while the second may sometimes (young)

have an open communication with the third, and sometimes (adults)

only the remains of a communication.

The intestinal region and the true posterior margin are insolated

from the rest of the carapace by an undermined channel, which sends

forwards a short branch on either side of the cardiac region. The

1896. ] A. Alcock —Carcinological Fauna of India. 175

branchial regions are remarkably tumid, and their surface, like that of

the non-excavated parts of the carapace, is reticulate-punctate: the

floors of the caverns are either smooth or granular; the floor of the

channel has bead-like granules scattered over it.

The whole under surface of the body is rough and granular.

The chelipeds are not quite 1} times the length of the carapace,

and are nodular and granular: the hand is rather broader than long,

and not much more than half the length of the fingers : along the outer

surface of both fingers is a row of pits. The legs are slender, and are

covered up to the tips of the dactyli with crisp, clavate, spiniform, or

arborescent granules.

An adult (ovigerous) female has the carapace nearly 11 millim.

long, and 14 millim. broad.

In the Indian Museum are 12 females and a young male from off

Ceylon, 34 fms., off the Malabar coast, 28 fms., and from the Persian

Gulf.

The abdomen of the young male is sunk below the level of the

sternum.

18a. Oreophorus reticulatus, var. alcicornis, nov.

Differs from the common form in the following particulars :—

(1) The caverns are much larger, the two just behind the front

being separated by a very narrow bridge.

(2) On either branchial region are three coarse spines—one on

the summit and two on the lateral border: the spine on the summit is

vertical and has a bifid tip.

(3) The eyes are not at all visible in a dorsal view.

A single adult female from off the Ganjam Coast, 28 fms.

Carapace 14 millim. long, 19 millim. broad.

Tlos, Adams and White.

Tlos, Adams and White, ‘Samarang’ Crustacea, p. 57.

Tlos, A. Milne-Edwards, Nouy. Archiv. du Mus. X. 1874, p. 51.

Tlos differs from Oreophorus chiefly in having the anterior and

lateral parts of the carapace flat and the margin of the carapace turned

up, so that although the cardiac and parts of the branchial regions are

convex, the carapace as a whole is cupped. This is in marked contrast

with the inflated form of Oreophorus, and constitutes the only difference

between the two forms.

176 A. Alcock —Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

19. Tlos petreeus, A. Milne-HKdwards.

Tlos petreeus, A. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. X. 1874, p. 51, pl. ii.

fig. 1.

Carapace broadly pentagonal; with the front somewhat produced,

bluntly triangular, and slightly emarginate. The margins of the cara-

pace are thickened, roughened, and somewhat upturned. Hach wing

of the carapace shows a division into three broad lobes, but the divisions

are only sutures, not gaps. Except for a ridge running from the front

to the cardiac region, and except for a granular node just external to

the cardiac region on either side and for a little thickening between

each node and the postero-lateral angle, the surface of the carapace is

smooth and concave. The under surface of the body is granular. The

orbits are almost ventral in position, and the eyes are not visible in a

dorsal view.

The chelipeds in the female are not quite as long as the

carapace: the arm is trigonal with enlarged granules along all its

borders, the wrist and hand are rough, and the dactylus is fluted. The

hand is as broad as long, and is continued without any sort of constric-

tion into the great shovel-shaped immobile finger, which is about as

long as the hand and vastly more massive than the dactylus. The legs

are compressed, and have their dorsal and ventral surfaces granular:

in flexion they are hidden beneath the wings of the carapace.

In the abdomen of the male the terga although a good deal

fused are all separately recognizable, and there isa denticle in the

middle line onthe 4th and 6th.

An adult (ovigerous) female has the carapace 7 millim. long, and

10 millim. broad.

Andamans, Off Ceylon 34 fms., Pedro Shoal 20 fms. Hight speci-

mens.

20. Tlos patella, n. sp. Plate VIII. fig. 4.

Carapace transversely oval, and closely covered with granules

which under the lens are fungiform: the carapace is traversed by a

longitudinal ridge, and the branchial regions are convex in their poste-

rior part ; but the wings of the carapace are cupped dorsally, much as

in 7’. petreeus, and are divided by closed sutures into three broad lobes.

The front hardly breaks beyond the general outline of the carapace,

and has its edge thickened. The eyes can just be seen in a dorsal view.

The intestinal region is convex backwards, and the bilobed (true)

posterior margin still more so.

The under surface of the body is granular, much like the upper

surface.

1896. ] A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 177

The chelipeds in the female are about one-fourth longer than the

carapace, and are closely covered with small flat smooth granules: the

arm is trigonal, with larger granules along the edges: the hand is

somewhat inflated, a little longer than broad, and not much more than

half the lencth of the fingers: the fingers are curved and are hollowed

on the inner face: the immobile finger is distinctly constricted off from

the hand, and is not vastly more massive than the mobile finger.

The legs are as in T’. petreeus.

The largest adult (ovigerous) female has the carapace 9 millim.

long and 11 millim. broad.

ZIooc. Andamans. Seven females.

Heteronucia, n. gen.

Carapace strongly convex, broader than long, its surface both gran-

ular and tubercular (or coarsely spinous): the regions distinct.

Front bidentate, sunk behind the edge of the mouth-parts and of

the puffed out pterygostomian regions.

Orbits complete but shallow, not concealing the rather large eyes

in flexion. The basal antennal joint is fused with the orbit and with

the front, and the extremely minute antennary flagellum is entirely

inside the orbital wall. The antennules fold obliquely.

The epistome is exceptionally broad.

The external maxillipeds completely close the buccal cavern; the

exopodite is narrow, with the outer edge straight; the merus is about

two-thirds the length of the ischium measured along the inner border.

The chelipeds are massive and are about half again as long as the

carapace: the hand is short, broad and swollen: fingers a good deal

longer than the hand, stout, closely meeting throughout their extent,

curved and concave on their inner face, opening vertically : the immobile

finger is a good deal more massive than the dactylus.

Legs stout, the meropodites slightly hidden in flexion.

This species has, at first sight, a general resemblance to Nucia speciosa, but is

at once distinguished by the form of the orbits, antennz and chelipeds.

21. Heteronucia vesiculosa, n. sp. Plate VIII. fig. 1.

The whole surface of the body and of the appendages (except the

fingers and dactyli) is covered with crowded vesiculous granules

without any space between them.

Carapace a good deal broader than long, strongly convex: on either

lateral margin are eight coarse spines or acute tubercles, the first of

which is at the antero-external angle of the buccal cavern, the last of

which is at the junction with the posterior border: in addition the

J. 1. 23

178 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

whole dorsum of the carapace js occupied by a “pyramid” (as on the

billiard table) of 8 or 9 similar coarse spines or acute tubercles—the

apex of the pyramid being on the intestinal region—and there is,

further, a coarse denticle on either hepatic region: the surface of all

these is densely vesiculous.

The front is broadly bidentate, and the whole of the front edge

of the buccal cavern and of the tips of the external maxillipeds can be

seen beyond it in a dorsal view. ‘There is a tubercle near the base of the

distal piece of the exognath.

The chelipeds are stout, and are rather more than half again as

long as the carapace: the hand is subglobular: the fingers are some-

what longer than the hand, are elegantly grooved, meet in all their

extent, open nearly vertically, and are hollowed and curved inwards ;

the dactylus is less massive than the immobile finger: at the base of

the dactylus, on the upper surface of the hand is a small tubercle.

The abdomen of the female consists of 4 pieces—the 3rd to 5th

terga being fused.

Colours in spirit light orange yellow.

An ovigerous female has the carapace 5 millim. long and 6 millim.

broad.

Toc. Off Ceylon, 34 fms.

Nursia, Leach.

Nursia, Leach, Zool. Miscell. III. p. 18.

Nursia, Milne-Hdwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 187.

Nursia, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 307, and Cat. Leucos. Brit.

Mus. p. 19.

Carapace with a broad, usually depressed, symmetrically-wrinkled

surface, and with expanded, foliaceous, sinuous, scallopped, or jagged

lateral and posterior margins,—the lateral margins somewhat con-

cealing the true legs in flexion. Front projecting beyond the epistome

and usually well beyond the eyes.

Orbits with two sutures in the roof, and a gap at the inner can-

thus, and with the upper-outer wall so emarginate as to leave the

fully-retracted eye exposed to dorsal view.

Antennules folding obliquely. Antenne, minute, situated in the

inner canthus of the orbit.

Buccal cavern about as long as it is broad at base, and somewhat

narrowed anteriorly ; the exognath not dilated, its outer edge a little

curved: the triangular merus is a little over half the length of the

ischium, measured along the inner edge.

The chelipeds relatively to the legs are very massive: in the male

they vary from 13 times to over twice the length of the carapace :

1896. ] A. Aleock —Carcinological Fauna of India.

179

arms sharply trigonal; hands a good :deal compressed; fingers stout

and compressed, about half or two-thirds the length of the hand.

The abdomen of the male consists, usually, of 3 pieces, that of the

female of 4.

Key to the Indian species of Nursia.

I. An oblique ridge crossing either hepatic region,

in addition to the longitudinal, transverse, and

epibranchial ridges: upper surface of hand

convex, but without a conspicuous median

ridge :—

1. The posterior margin of the carapace

has the form of two blunt semicircular

lobes: the lateral margins are sinuous,

or only bluntly jagged: chelipeds in

the adult male less than twice the

length of the carapace :—

i, Lateral margins jagged: front

with a coarse thickened granu-

lar edge, and not projecting

much beyond the eyes: carapace

much broader than long...

u. Lateral margins sinuous: front

in the form of a large ovate

snout, projecting far beyond the

eyes: carapace nearly as long

as broad :—

a. Outer surface of wrist and

hand bluntly and incon-

spicuously carinate : rid-

ges of carapace coarse

and granular: snout semi-

circularly rounded

b. Outer surface of wrist

and hand sharply and

conspicuously __cristate :

ridges of carapace clean-

cut: snout ovate-pointed

2. The posterior margin of the carapace

has the form of two sharp laminar

teeth : the lateral margins are sharply

jagged: front sharply 4-denticulate :

N. plicata.

N. blanfordi.

N. nasuta.

180" = A. Alcock —Careinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

chelipeds, in the adult male, more

than twice the length of the carapace WN. hardwickiz.

II. No trace of an oblique ridge on the hepatic

regions or of a transverse ridge behind the

branchial regions, the longitudinal and epi-

branchial ridges alone present: posterior

margin not manifestly bilobed : upper surface

of hand traversed from base to finger-cleft by

a distinct ridge :—

1. Carapace convex: front broadly bi-

Genbatey 202 eet vous fiche eeicel ean ces BOE Care eae

2. Carapace almost laminar: front broadly

POUT ted Ae Ay ices, Ay ioe ees le aan) age NC Ee prnige reee

Ill. No ridges at all on the carapace: margins not

manitestly sinuous. | len Mll. sh eases scien ee eL eee

22. Nursia plicata, (Herbst) nec auctorum.

Cancer plicatus, Herbst, Krabben III. iv. 2, pl. lix. fig. 2.

Carapace about three-quarters as long as broad, with the posterior

margin in the form of two semi-circular dorsally-concave lobes. The folia-

ceous lateral margins are scallopped, each into four blunt teeth : in front

of the first of these (which is rounded off), on either side, is a thickened

marginal nodule; and the last, on either side, are united by a coarse

granular ridge running across the carapace parallel with the posterior

margin, which it cuts off from the rest of the carapace. This ridge

culminates, in the middle line, in a coarse granular tubercle.

The middle of the carapace forms a coarsely-granular eminence

surmounted by 3 tubercles ina triangle. From it six blunt coarsely-

granular ridges radiate, as follows :—one forwards, in the middle line,

to the front ; one backwards, in the middle line, to the transverse ridge;

one obliquely forwards, across the hepatic region on either side, to the

nodule on the hepatic margin; and one obliquely backwards to the

penultimate lateral tooth on either side. The spaces between the ridges

are markedly concave, and are usually smooth.

The front hardly projects beyond the eyes, and has a coarse thick-

ened granular edge: 7 is usually obscurely bilobed, and never

quadridentate.

The surfaces of the external maxillipeds, of the pterygostomian

regions, of the thoracic sterna, and of the proximal part of the male

abdomen are distinctly granular.

The chelipeds in the adult male are 1% times, in the adult female about

1{ times the length of the carapace: the arm has only its outer border

1896. ] A. Aleock— Carcinological Fauna of India. 181

carinate,—the carina being coarse and granular ; the base of its upper

surface, the inner border, and the base of the under surface and the

under border are also granular to the naked eye: the outer edges of the

wrist and hand are coarsely and inconspicuously carinate: the fingers

are stout, are rather strongly bent inwards, and have the opposed edges

almost edentulous: the dactylus 1s more than three-quarters the length of

the outer border of the hand, in both sexes.

The true legs are not much longer than the arm, and are com-

pressed: in all the merus and propodite are sharply carinate dorsally

and ventrally, the carpus has two sharp dorsal crests, and the dactylus

is closely pubescent.

The abdomen of the male consists of two linear basal pieces and a

small triangular apical piece, and between the two a long triangular

plate with a median sub-terminal tooth.

Length of carapace of the largest male, 15 millim., breadth 20 mil-

lim.: length of carapace of largest female 16 millim., breadth 22 millim.

Old spirit specimens are uniform flesh-colour: but fresh spirit

specimens are a bright brick red, with the wings of the carapace, and

a medium longitudinal band including the front, yellowish white.

In the Indian Museum are 8 adult males, 6 adult and ege-laden

females, and one young, from the Orissa Coast, Tinnevelly coast, Palk

Straits, Bombay, Karachi, and the Persian Gulf. [Besides these there

are 4 adult females and a male from Hongkong]. ©

23. Nursia hardwickit, Leach.

Nursia hardwickii, Leach, Zool. Miscell. III], p. 20: Desmarest, Consid.

Crust. p. 165: Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 137.

Nursia plicata, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855. p. 307, pl. xxxiv. fig. 4,

and Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus., p. 19 (nec Herbst): Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad.

1858. p. 161(?): Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc.. Zool., (2) 1. p 240, pl. xxxviii. fig. 28:

Haswell, Cat. Austral. Crust. p. 127(?): de Man, Notes Leyden Mus. III. 1881,

p. 129: A. O. Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XX. p. 111 (?): J. R. Henderson,

Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 404.

The general form is that of N. plicata Herbst, but much finer and

cleaner cut; and with the anterior part of the carapace narrower and

the front projecting.

The posterior margin of the carapace has the form of two sharp-cut

laminar teeth ; and the three last teeth on either lateral margin are thin

and sharp.

The crests on the carapace are thin and sharp, and very finely

granular; and the elevation from which they radiate is defined by three

sharp denticles: the transverse ridge that unites the two last marginal

teeth across the carapace culminates, in the middle line, in a denticle.

182 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

The front distinctly projects beyond the eyes; tts margin is thin

and sharp and is cut into four teeth: the antero-lateral margins do not

run up to the level of the tip of the front, involving the orbits, as they

do in N. plicata. ji

The granulation on the ventral surfaces, unlike that of N. plicata,

is hardly. visible to the naked eye.

The chelipeds in the adult male are 2% times, in not-quite-half-grown

males 1% times, and in adult females 15 times the length of the carapace :

to the naked eye they are perfectly smooth: the outer edges of the arm,

wrist and hand are sharply carinate: the dactylus in the male 1s little

more than half the length of the outer edge of the hand.

Uniform flesh-coiour in spirit.

Length of carapace in the adult male 14 to 15 millim., breadth

about 19 millim.; in the adult female length 12 to 13 millim., breadth

about 16 millim.

In the Indian Museum collection are 18 adult males, 8 adult

females, and 2 young males taken at various places along the Coro-

mandel coast, from Ganjam to Pondicherry.

24. Nursia blanfordi, n. sp. Plate VIL. fig. 5.

Carapace, except that itis nearly as long as broad, of the same

general appearance as in N., plicata, Herbst, with the same two semi-

circular lobes on the posterior margin, and the same number of blunt

teeth on the lateral margin,—the teeth, however, being blunter, and

the first two on either side nearly confluent.

The ridges that radiate from the centre of the carapace, though of

the same coarse and coarsely-granular form as in N. plicata, differ some-

what in arrangement: the median longitudinal ridge, the ridges that

run obliquely outwards to the hepatic margin on either side, and the

transverse ridge that unites. the last lateral teeth across the carapace,

are the same; but the epibranchial ridges that run to the penultimate

lateral tooth on either side are so little oblique in the greater part of

their extent as to form an almost transverse crest across the carapace,

parallel with the first-mentioned transverse ridge and with the post-

erior margin. The triangle of denticles on the mid-gastric region, and

the denticle on the second transverse crest are as distinct and sharp,

especially in the male, as they are in N. hardwicki.

The front has the form of a semi-circular foliaceous snout, project-

ing far beyond the eyes, and somewhat recurved upwards.

Both the exopodite and the endopodite of the external maxillipeds

are traversed longitudinally by a raised line of enlarged granules.

The chelipeds in the male are about 1} times, in the female about

1896. | A. Aleock—Carcinological Fauna of India. 183

13 times, the length of the carapace, and their surface is everywhere

finely granular, except on the fingers, which are of the same form and

proportions as in N. plicata: the arm is trigonal, with all the edges

sharp, and the outer edges of the wrist and hand are coarsely, but dis-

tinctly, carinate.

The legs have the merus, carpus and propodite faintly carinate

dorsally.

The abdomen of the male consists of 3 pieces, the large middle

piece having a subterminal denticle.

Colours in spirit, uniform light brownish.

The ovigerous female has the carapace 8 millim. long and 85

millim. broad: the male is slightly smaller.

Persian Gulf, 52 fathoms, dredged by Mr. W. T. Blanford, F. R.S.,

to whom the Indian Museum collections owe so many valuable

additions. Also from the Mekran coast. Six specimens are in the

Indian Museum.

25. Nursia nasuta, n. sp. Plate VII. fig. 6.

Resembles N. blanfordi in almost all its characters, especially in

having the carapace nearly as long as broad, and the front in the form

of a large curved foliaceous snout; but differs in the following parti-

culars :—

(1) the front is sharper and even longer, and in shape is pointed-

ovate :

(2) the ridges of the carapace are little granular, and the oblique

ridges that cross the hepatic regions are obsolescent :

(3) the outer edge of the wrist and of the hand are raised each

into a thin sharp high crest:

(4) the size is even more minute, the largest specimens (ovigerous

females) having the carapace from 5 to 6 millim. long and from 5:25

to 6°25 millim. broad.

Toc. Off the Malabar coast, 28 fathoms. Two adult males and

6 adult females.

26. Nursia persica, n. sp. Plate VII. fig. 7.

Carapace about nine-tenths as long as broad, its lateral margins

expanded and cristiform, but not scallopped, only sinuous (much as in

N. abbreviata), forming three shallow lobules on either side: posterior

margin laminar, perfectly straight, with a spot of dark red (in spirit)

pigment in the middle line.

The carapace, which is rather strongly convex, is traversed longi-

tudinally, in the middle line, by a broad sharp-edged ridge that ends

184 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

at a tubercle in the intestinal region, and is again crossed transversely

by a similar ridge, which is strongly convex forwards: these are the

only ridges on the carapace.

The front has the form of two broad sharp-cut teeth which are

prominent beyond the eyes.

The outer margins both of the endopodite and of the exopodite

of the external maxillipeds are granular and somewhat raised.

The exposed surfaces of the thoracic sterna, and of the carapace

round the bases of the chelipeds, are covered with large granules (in

the female— male unknown).

The chelipeds in the female are very little longer than the cara-

pace: the arm is sharply trigonal, with the edges coarsely granular:

the wrist and hand have the upper surface rough: the edges of the

hand are sharp, and the upper surface of the hand is traversed, from

its base to the finger-cleft, by a sharp finely-beaded ridge, as in

N. abbreviata: the fingers (in the female) are about two-thirds as long

as the hand, and are finely denticulate.

The legs are slender and compressed, with the merus, carpus and

propodite sharply carinate dorsally.

Colours in spirit: mottled like Castile soap.

Length of carapace 9 millim., breadth 10°5 millim.

A single ovigerous female from the Persian Gulf.

This species well illustrates the close relation between Nursia

and T'los.

27. Nursia abbreviata, Bell.

Nursia abbreviata, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 308, pl. xxxiv.

fig. 5, and Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus. p. 20: Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2)

V. 1893, p. 404.

Carapace about eight-ninths as long as broad, abnormally de-

pressed—almost laminar—except in the mid-gastric region, which is

somewhat angularly elevated: its borders, behind the front, are thin,

foliaceously expanded and sinuous, forming 7 shallow lobules, the least

distinct of which is the posterior border, which again is very incon-

spicuously subdivided by a faint emargination in the middle line: the

whole of the free edge of the carapace is finely beaded, and slightly

upturned, so as to emphasize the depressed appearance of the carapace.

An anteriorly-convex milled carina crosses the carapace from one

lateral margin to the other, and is met in the middle line by a milled

ridge running from the front: these are the only ridges on the carapace.

There is granular elevation in the cardiac region, otherwise the

carapace is smooth. The front is broad and prominent with the edge

a little convex.

1896. ] A. Aleock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 185

The pterygostomian region is traversed by a sharp ridge that runs

parallel with the antero-lateral border.

The external maxillipeds, the edge of the sternum, and the entire

edge of the fossa that receives the abdomen, are ornamented with

beadlike granules, in the male.

The chelipeds in the male are a little more than half again as long

as the carapace and in the female are not one-fourth longer than the

carapace: the arm is sharply trigonal, with all the edges granular and

the sarfaces smooth: the upper surface of the wrist and hand are

traversed, up to the finger cleft, by a sharply-raised beaded ridge: the

fingers are about two-thirds the length of the hand, and meet only at tip.

The abdomen of the male consists of three pieces, the long middle

piece having a sub-terminal denticle.

Colours in spirit: yellowish-brown mottled with greenish-brown,

which on the arm, on the base of the hand, on the base of the fingers,

and on the legs, forms cross-bands.

Hight males and five adult females, from Karachi, the carapace of

the largest male and female being 9 millim. long, and 10 millim. broad.

Three very young specimens from the Coromandel coast are almost

certainly this species.

28. Nursia rubifera, Miller.

Nursia rubifera, Miller, Verhandl. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel, VIII. 1886, p. 480,

pl. iv. figs. 4, 4a, 4b.

Carapace broader than long, outline oval,—very inconspicuously

polyhedral, edge cockled and finely granular. Front prominent, bilobed.

Two isolated granular tubercles in the middle line—one in the gastric,

one (smaller) in the cardiac region; but no ridges. Outer border of

exognath strongly curved. Chelipeds in the male about half again as

long as the carapace: arm sharply trigonal, with all three edges gra-

nular: a sharp longitudinal ridge on upper surface of hand: fingers

meeting throughout their extent.

Trrecular lilac stripes on the carapace and cross-bands on legs.

Loc. Trincomalee.

Not in the Indian Museum collection. Known here only from

Miiller’s description and figures.

The species, as Miller says, is nearest allied to N. abbreviata, and

is also closely related to N. persica. —

Kbalia, Leach.

Ebalia, Leach, Malac. Pod. Brit. text of pl. xxv. and Zool. Miscell. III. p. 18.

Ebalia, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. Il. 128.

J. u. 24

186 A. Aleock — Carcinological Fauna of India, [No. 2,

Ebalia, Bell, Brit. Stalk-eyed Crust. p. 139, and Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI.

1855, p. 303, and Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus. p. 16.

Ebalia, Miers ‘ Challenger’ Brachyura p. 303 (part).

Carapace rhomboidal or pentagonal or hexagonal; commonly, but

not always, a little broader than long; its regions generally well

defined and tumid, the tumid portions nodular or granular: its posterior

margin is generally a little prominent and either bilobed, or with its

extreme ends dentiform.

The front is not much produced in Indian species, except in Hbalia

(Phlyzxia) erosa.

In the orbital wall, as usual, there are three sutures, and a gap at

the inner canthus: the edge of the roof of the orbit is ccnsiderably

emarginate. The antennules fold obliquely or nearly transversely. The

antennee are minute but distinct.

The buccal cavern is moderately elongate: the exopodite of the

external maxillipeds is not dilated, its outer edge is a little curved:

the triangular merus of the external maxillipeds is about ¢ the length

of the ischium measured along the inner border.

The chelipeds are variable: they are usually massive. In the

typical Hbalia forms they are short—not much more than half again

as long as the carapace—and stout, with short broad hands not much

differing in length from the stout compressed fingers.

The abdomen of the male consists of 3 or 4 pieces.

Key to the Indian species of Bhbalia.

I. Front much produced: carapace markedly

Wonmleexehe WlaveWa) LeSOEXSY 2.50.600000 600.000.486.000000000000000 00

II. Front not produced: carapace either a little

broader than Jong or a very little longer

than broad :—

LE. erosa.

1. Hdge of buccal cavern projecting a

little beyond the front: posterior

border of the carapace with three

rounded teeth in the male and

two (much less distinct) in the

female: a large granular “ broad

arrow” on the carapace the ends

of the wings of which project

beyond the postero-lateral margin... Hl. sagittifera.

2. Hdge of front projecting beyond the

epistome: ends of posterior margin

thickened and obscurely dentiform.

1896. | A. Aleock—Carcinological Fauna of India. 187

i. Dorsum of carapace deeply

and very elegantly trilob-

ed longitudiually............... ]. diadumena.

uu. Carapace hexagonal, dor-

sum with 4 granular swell-

ings arranged ina“cross”... HH. wood-masont.

I have not included the species referred to by Dr. Henderson as

Ebalia pfefert and Hbalia fallax in this key, because the first appears

to belong to Dana’s genus Nucia, which in my opinion has no close

affinity with Leach’s genus, while the second is quite clearly a form

belonging to the Ilia alliance, as it has the Ilia fingers hands and

external maxillipeds.

29. Hbalia diadumena, un. sp. Plate VII. fig. 4.

Carapace rhomboidal, a little broader than long, its dorsal surface

divided into three tnmid crisply granular and most elegantly shaped

lobes (a gastro-cardiaco-intestinal and two branchial—forming a sort

of fleur de lys) by two extremely deep smooth longitudinal furrows.

On the middle lobe the gastric and cardiac regions are separated by

a shallow groove, and the cardiac and intestinal by a deep furrow.

The hepatic regions are also distinctly circumscribed, but are altogether

on a much lower plane than the rest of the carapace, and like the front

are only indistinctly granular.

The front is divided, from its hardly emarginate edge down to the

gastric region, by a narrow deepish longitudinal groove. Behind the

front the angular pterygostomian ridge is somewhat prominent. The

lateral margins are finely crenulate: the posterior margin is almost

straight, with the ends somewhat dentiform.

The surfaces of both branches of the external maxillipeds are

tumid and granular.

The chelipeds in the female (male unknown) are not very much

longer than the carapace: the arm is trigonal and the greater part of

all its surfaces is crisply granular, as also are large parts of the sur-

faces of the wrists and hands: the fingers are not much shorter than

the hand and are elegantly striate-granular: the hand is not very much

longer than broad.

The carapace of the adult female is 4 millim. long and 4°5 millim,.

broad.

A single ovigerous female from Palk Straits.

Colours in spirit lilac brown, the furrows on the carapace dark

violet brown.

188 A. Alcock —Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

30. LHbalia woodmasoni, n. sp. Plate VII. fig. 3.

Carapace sharply hexagonal, its length just exceeds its breadth in

the male, its breadth is equal to its length in the female.

Four large well-defined (especially in the male) granule-capped

swellings or tubercles mark, respectively, the cardiac, intestinal, and

branchial regions, and two small indistinct swellings mark the hepatic

regions: the hollows between the larger swellings are elegantly punc-

tulate.

Antero-lateral borders finely and inconspicuously, postero-lateral

and posterior borders finely and distinctly beaded; the posterior border

prominent and straight, with its ends more prominent—giying it a

bilobed appearance.

Front angularly emarginate or broadly bidentate. Eyes rather large

and not well concealed by the orbits.

Exposed parts of sternum granular, the first segment, in the male,

with a strong longitudinal ridge or boss near the base of either cheliped.

Chelipeds in both sexes half again as long as the carapace: arm

trigonal, its upper surface with some rows of enlarged beadlike granules

along both borders, its under surface with a broad tapering band of

similar granules: hand nearly twice as long as broad, and from } to

longer than the fingers.

Abdomen of male with a very strong terminal tooth on its penul-

timate segment.

In the male the carapace is 5 millim. long and 4°8 millim. broad,

in the adult female it is 5 millim. in both dimensions.

foc. Andamans. .

This species appears to be near Hbalia quadrata, A. M.-H., from

Bass’ Straits, and to Miers’ Hbalia rhomboidalis, minor and bituberculata,

from Japan.

31. Hbalia sagittifera, n. sp.

Carapace hexagonal, although hardly longer than broad yet of an

elongate appearance, owing to the unusual length and very gradual

convergence of the postero-lateral borders: the whole antero-lateral

margin is sharp, slightly curled and elegantly striated or milled: the

edge of the subhepatic regions, or pterygostomian ridges, are extremely

prominent, standing out on either side like a pair of little wings. In

the male the posterior margin bears a petaloid tubercle at either end

and a denticle in the middle line: in the adult female the lateral tuber-

cles are indistinct and the median tubercle absent.

The front is emarginate, and part of the edge of the buccal cavern

can be seen beyond it in a dorsal view.

1896. ] A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 189

On the carapace are three broad granular ribs which unite to form

a “ broad-arrow,” point forwards: the middle ridge begins about the

middle of the gastric and ends in the middle of the intestinal region, |

the lateral ribs run obliquely backwards and outwards, parallel with the

antero-lateral margins, across the branchial regions, their ends projecting

well beyond the postero-lateral borders in the male, but not so much in

the female.

The chelipeds are about half again as long as the carapace: the

arm is trigonal with the edges raised and granular: the wrist and hand

have a raised row of granules along the inner edge of their upper

surface: the hand is about two-thirds as broad as long, and the fingers

are about two-thirds the length of the hand.

The abdomen of the male consists of only two pieces, and is with-

out a denticle.

Colours in spirit: mottled dark green and greenish brown, legs’

and chelipeds with black-speckled cross-bands.

Length of carapace of male 5 millim. long, 45 millim. broad; of

ovigerous female 6 millim. long, 5°75 millim. broad.

Loc, Karachi.

As in Ebalia erosa the space between the lower edge of the orbit

and the edge of the buccal frame is much reduced. This species appears

to be closely related to Hbalia hypsilon, Ortmann, in Semon’s Zool.

Forschungreisen Austral. u. Malay. Arch., Crust. p. 36, pl. ii. fig. 7.

32. EHbalia erosa, (A. Milne Edwards).

Phlyzia erosa, A. Milne Edwards, Journ. Mus. Godeff. I. iv. 1873, p. 262, and

Nouv, Archiv. du Mus. X. p. 47, pl. iil. fig. 2: Haswell, P. L. S. N. S. Wales, IV.

1879, p. 54, and Cat. Austral. Crust. p. 125: Miers, P. Z. S. 1884, pp. 10, 13.

Ebalia erosa, Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura p. 305: Ortmann, Zool. Jahrbuch.

Syst., etc., VI. 1892, p. 580. :

Carapace longer than broad, somewhat piriform, with a produced

narrow bidentate front from which a prominent ridge runs straight

back to the cardiac region, with the hepatic and subhepatic regions

angularly prominent, and with three dentiform projections—one of

which is the acuminate tip of the tumid intestinal region—on the

prominent posterior margin. On the posterior half of the carapace

there are some large symmetrically disposed tubercles, usually about

9 in number (3 on either branchial region and 3 on the cardiac region)

and sometimes more or less confluent: the three on the cardiac region

are always very distinct and are so connected as to form an elegant V,

or with the ridge from the front an “anchor,” and however much the

branchial tubercles may be confluent one on either side of the V is

190 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

always enlarged and acuminate. The tubercles, the tumid intestinal

region, and sometimes also the intervening hollows, are crisply

granular.

The buccal cavern is elongate. ‘

The chelipeds in both sexes are little longer than the carapace, and

are rather slender: they are finely granular, especially the arms. The

hand is a little broader at its proximal than at its distal end, where it

is about half as long as broad: the fingers are little more than half the

length of the hand.

Colours in spirit ivory white.

The carapace of the male is about 6 millim. long and 5 millim.

broad: that of the adult female is 9 millim. long and 7 millim. broad.

Numerous specimens are in the Indian Museum, from the Maldives

and Andamans.

Nucia, Dana.

Nucia, Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust. pt. I. p. 397.

Nucia, Bell, Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus. p. 24.

Carapace strongly convex, broad, transversely somewhat ovoidal

in shape, its surface uneven and densely covered with vesiculous or

pustulous granules, and with the regions usually well demarcated.

The front is narrow, broadly bidentate, and somewhat sunk behind

the level of the front edge of the buccal cavern. The pterygostomian

regions are puffed out so as to increase the squat and sunken appear-

ance of the front. There isa remarkably broad interval between the

orbits and the edge of the buccal cavern.

The eyes are large, and the orbits have the upper edge deeply

emarginate so that the retracted eye is hardly at all concealed. The

antenuules fold obliquely, and the antennee have the basal joint rather

closely filling the gap at the inner canthus of the orbit and the flagel-

lum small but distinct.

The buccal cavern is moderately elongate: the exognath is not

dilated and has the outer border almost straight: the triangular merus

of the endognath is not much shorter than the ischium measured along

its inner edge.

The chelipeds are very short and stout: the legs also are remark-

ably stout.

In the Indian Museum Collection, the only representative of this genus is a

male specimen of Nucia speciosa, Dana, from Upolu. This is, quite clearly, closely

allied to the species named Randallia pustulosa and Randallia lamellidentata by

Wood-Mason. [Whether these are really Randallia as defined by Stimpson it is

difficult to say; but they are certainly congeneric with Miers’ Randallia granulata

(‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 317, pl. xxvi. fig. 1)].

1896. ] A. Alcock —Carcinological Fauna of India. 191

33. Nucta pfefferi, (de Man).

Ebalia pfefferi, de Man, Archiv. fiir Naturges. LIII. 1887, i. p. 390, pl. xvii.

fig. 4: Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 402.

As there seems to be some doubt whether this species is really

distinct from Nucia speciosa, Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 397,

pl. xxv. fig. 5a I must here be content to give only the references. It

is included in the Indian fauna on the authority of Dr. J. R. Henderson.

Randallia, Stimpson.

Randallia, Stimpson, Journal Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. Vol. VI. 1857, p. 471.

Randallia, Miers, ‘ Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 316.

Carapace circular and convex, almost globular; with the front

narrow, usually broadly bidentate, and somewhat sunk behind the level

of the front edge of the buccal cavern. The subhepatic or pterygo-

stomian regions are convex and puffed out, so as to increase the squat

and sunken appearance of the front. There is a remarkably broad

vertical interval between the orbits and the edge of the buccal cavern.

The surface of the carapace is, typically, covered with vesicular

or pustulous granules, but these are sometimes visible only with a lens:

the regions are usually, but not always, distinctly demarcated by

grooves.

The posterior margin is generally, but not always, armed with

spines or petaloid lobules or tubercles.

The orbits are almost as imperfect as they are in Parilia: their

upper edge is deeply emarginate, there is a wide gap at the inner

canthus, and there are three very distinct sutures, or sometimes actual

fissures, in the upper-outer wall.

The antennules fold obliquely : in one Indian species their basal

joint forms a close-fitting operculum to the antennulary fossa. The

antennz are very distinct, and are loosely lodged in the inner canthus

of the orbits.

The buccal cavern is triangular and somewhat elongate: the exo-

enath is not dilated and its outer margin is almost straight: the tri-

angular merus of the endognath is about = the length of the ischium

measured along its inner edge.

Chelipeds either massive or moderately stont, of moderate length ;

fingers stout, about as long as the hand, which is not more—but is

usually much less—than half the length of the carapace.

Although there is, as usual, some fusion among the abdominal

terga, yet the sutures are never wholly obliterated as they are in most

other Leucosines.

192

A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. _[No. 2,

Key to the Indian species of Randallia.

I. The basal joint of the antennules forms a close-

fitting operculum to the antennulary fossa :

the whole body and appendages are covered

with a dense velvety pubescence: front very

indistinctly emarginate ............ cc

The antennules fold loosely in ven Pec: boar

and appendages devoid of pubescence: front

distinctly bidentate :—

1. Carapace granulous or pustulous, the

regions defined by grooves :—

Front separated from the carapace by

a conspicuous transverse groove: in-

testinal region tumid but not culmin-

ating in @ spine: tip of exognaths

(and often of oe points)

blister-lke

No deep groove at the ‘hast a ing

front: intestinal region culminating

in a spine, the tip of which overhangs

the posterior margin of the carapace:

end of exognaths sharp :—

(a) Chelipeds rather elongate and

slender, twice the length of

the carapace: hand subcylin-

drical and rather elongate:

antero-later margins of cara-

pace with simple tubercles or

OMNES oaocoose

(b) Chelipeds stort and stout: Tee

than twice the length of the

carapace: hand short and

stout, its outer border, like

that of the fingers, very

sharply cristiform: antero-

lateral margins of carapace

with laminiform teeth .........

2. Carapace smooth and polished to the

naked eye, the regions not or hardly

defined :—

i. Chelipeds rather elongate and slender,

more than twice the length of the

R. lanata.

R. pustulilabris.

. R. pustulosa.

R. lamellidentata.

1896. ] A. Aleock— Carcinological Fauna of India. 193

carapace: three round laminiform

lobes on the ae pees of the

Carapace ......... . &. eburnea.

uu. Chelipeds Bore and boat, less fn

twice the length of the carapace:

posterior margin of carapace differ-

ing from that of all the other species

in being quite smooth .................. 2. glans,

34. Randallia lanata, n. sp.

The whole of the body and its appendages covered with a close,

short, light-coloured, velvety pubescence.

Carapace circular, globular, with all the regions well defined by

grooves; its surface covered, beneath the pubescence, with rather dis-

tant pustulous granules. Behind the front all the margins of the

denuded carapace are armed with blunt dentiform tubercles or granules.

There is a not very distinct notch between the hepatic and branchial

regions.

The front has an almost straight edge, and although it is for

the genus rather prominent, the ends of the external mazxillipeds

can be seen beyond it in a dorsal view.

The orbits are so emarginate above as to afford little concealment

to the retracted eye, which is rather large.

The antennules fold obliquely, their basal joint forming a close-

fitting operculum to the antennulary fosse.

The chelipeds are similar in both sexes, being stout and about half

again as long as the carapace: the hand is very stout, is not much longer

than broad, and is about one-third the length of the carapace: the

fingers are stout and are about three-fourths the length of the hand.

The legs are stoutish.

In both sexes all seven abdominal terga are plainly and indepen-

dently recognizable though not all independently movable: in the

female (even in the ovigerous adult) the abdomen is somewhat narrow.

In the adult male the carapace is 7 millim. long and 6°5 millim.

broad, in the adult female it is 8°5 millim. in both diameters.

Andaman Sea usually at over 30 fathoms.

39. Randallia pustulilabris, n. sp.

Leucosilia granulosa, Alcock and Anderson, J. A. S. B. Vol. LXIII. pt. 2, 1894,

p- 207, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Crustacea, pl. xxiv. fig. 3 (in the press).

Carapace ae broader than long, globular: truncated anterior aig

Hee

194 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

so that the external maxillipeds are visible beyond the front: very

densely covered, as are also the chelipeds, with bead-like granulations :

the regions delimited by shallow yet distinct furrows. The rostrum con-

sists of two divergent hollow lobes, the tips of which are curved slightly

outwards, beneath which the antennules are lodged, as in the other

species of this genus: wmmediately behind the rostrum the carapace is

traversed from side to side by a deep groove. The antero-lateral margin

is interrupted by a deep notch, in front of which is a coarse blunt

hepatic tooth, while behind it is a stronger epibranchial tooth. The

lateral angle is also marked by a prominent granule. The posterior

margin is almost straight and bears three dentiform tubercles, of which

the median is hardly conspicuous. The hepatic regions are inflated,

as are also the sides of the gastric region. The intestinal region forms

a tumid boss, on the summit of which the granulations are obsolescent.

The tips of both rami of the densely granular external maxillipeds

are strongly bent upwards, as in all the other species of this genus,

that of the exognath ending in a large blister-like tubercle. [Some-

times also the outer angles of the buccal cavern, the tips of the frontal

teeth, and the edges of the orbit end in similar, but smaller, blister-like

swellings ].

The chelipeds in the male are a little less than twice the length of

the carapace, and are stout: the fingers are stout, and are about as long

as the hand, which is rather more than two-fifths the length of the

carapace. Legs smooth: dactyli with a few hairs.

The 8rd to the 5th abdominal terga are fused in the male, bnt are

independently recognizable, and the 6th has a terminal denticle — not

very conspicuous: in the female the 3rd to the 6th are fused.

Male. Female.

Length of carapace..........00003s02--. 65 millim. 75 millim.

Breadithtomeanapacerrriacdeeedeeeter 70 millim. 9:0 millim.

Greatest span (of chelipeds)......... 24-0 millim. 26°5 millim.

Besides being smaller, and having the chelipeds of shghtly greater

relative length, the male differs from the female in being much more

sharply granular.

Numerous males and egg-laden females, from different parts of

the Malabar Coast in 26-30 fathoms, from the North Maldive Atoll in

15-30 fms., and from Mergui in 40 fms.

I have thought it justifiable to change the name of this species from

granulosa to pustulilabris, as Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura (1886) p. 317

has already used the very similar name granulata for a species belonging

to this genus as here defined.

1896.] A. Aleock— Carecinological Fauna of India. 195

36. Randallia glans, n. sp.

Carapace globular, usually in the male smooth and polished to the

naked eye though closely punctate-granular under the lens, in the

female densely covered with vesicular granules that are often visible

without any magnification: all its borders.smooth and full, and except

for a broad and shallow notch in the antero-lateral border, between the

branchial and hepatic regions, its regions are not in any way defined.

Front narrow, broadly bidentate, the tips of the teeth somewhat

produced and bent outwards: its base is separated from the rest of the

carapace by an indistinct groove.

External maxillipeds smooth and polished to the naked eye in the

male, somewhat more granular in the female —just like the carapace.

Chelipeds stout : in the male a little less than twice the length of the

carapace, everywhere very densely granular, the granules being vesicular

and being plainly visible without a lens on the arm at any rate: fingers

stout, as long as the hand, which is between 3 and 2 the length of the

carapace. Legs smooth: dactyli with a few hairs.

In the male the 5rd-5th abdominal terga are fused but are inde-

pendently recognizable, and the 6th has a strong terminal denticle; in

the female the 3rd-6th are fused.

The carapace of the adult male is 6 millim. in either diameter, that

of the ovigerous female is 7°5 millim. long and 8 millim. broad.

Andaman Sea, about 50 fms.

This species is closely related to R. pustulilabris.

37. Randallia lamellidentata, Wood-Mason.

Randallia lamellidentata, Wood-Mason, Illustrations of the Zoology of the ‘ In-

vestigator’ Crustacea, pl. v. figs. 5, 5a, 5b: Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. May, 1894,

p. 404.

Carapace rhomboidal with the angles rounded off—subcircular ;

its surface behind the front covered with unequal-sized rather scattered

pustulous tubercles; its regions well defined by grooves of some depth.

Front bluntly bidentate. On the antero-lateral margin are three

broad lamelliform teeth, the front one of which is on the pterygosto-

mian ridge (which as usual forms the front part of the antero-lateral

margin), and there is a fourth similar tooth at the junction of the

antero-lateral and postero-lateral margins. The postero-lateral margius

are full and the pustulous tubercles extend on to them.

The short posterior margin is elegantly bilobed, with a few pearly

granules round the lobes, and is overhung by the tip of the horizontal

spine in which the intestinal region culminates.

The ventral surface of the carapace, the thoracic sterna, abdominal

196 A. Aleock— Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

terga (in the male) and external maxillipeds are all granular, the gra-

nules above the base of the chelipeds being enlarged and pearly.

The chelipeds in the male are about two-thirds as long again as the

carapace, and are massive and granular: at the distal end of the outer

edge of the somewhat trigonal arm the granules are enlarged and

almost spiniform, as are also one or two at the distal end of the outer

surface of the wrist. The hand is not much longer than broad and

hardly one-third the length of the carapace ; its outer edge is in the form

of a remarkably thin and deep crest: the fingers are stout and rather

longer than the hand, their outer (non-opposed) edges are cristiform.

The legs are granular, the granules on the dorsum of the pro-

podites carpopodites and distal end of the meropodites being spini-

form, as also on the outer surface of the ischium and merus of the last

pair: the dactyl are hairy.

The 3rd—6th abdominal terga of the male are fused but are all

very distinctly and independently recognizable, the 6th has a termi-

nal denticle.

The largest male, dredged in the Andaman Sea at 350 fms., has

the carapace between 16 and 17 millim. long and 18 millim. broad

(without spines).

38. LRandallia pustulosa, Wood-Mason.

Randallia pustulosa, Wood-Mason, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. March, 1891, pp. 266

and 267, and Illustrations of the Zoology of the ‘Investigator’ Crustacea, pl. vy.

fig. 4.

Carapace subcircular, subspherical; covered with unequally large

pustulous tubercles the surface of which, like the surface between them,

is finely and closely granular under the lens; all the regions are well

defined by broad grooves.

The front is narrow and broadly bidentate. The lateral margins

are full and inflated, and carry in the adult a series of tubercles, in the

young a series of blunt spines: in the antero-lateral margin, between the

hepatic and branchial regions, is a conspicuous notch, which corresponds

with a groove or depression in the pterygostomian face of the carapace.

The short posterior border has a spine or dentiform lobe at either

end, and is overhung by the long spine in which the tumid intestinal

region culminates.

The whole under surface is densely granular in the young male,

but in the female the fused 4th-6th abdominal terga and the inner half

of the ischium of the external maxillipeds are smooth.

The chelipeds in the adult female and young male (adult male

unknown) are twice the length of the carapace and are everywhere

1896. ] A. Aleock— Carcinological Fauna of India. 197

finely granular. The hand is subcylindrical and elongate, being half

as long as the carapace; the fingers are stout and about as long as the

hand, they are finely denticulate, with enlarged denticles at regular

distant intervals.

The legs are stoutish and, to the naked eye, smooth: the dactyli

are fringed with hairs.

In the (young) male the 3rd—6th abdominal terga are fused but

without any obliteration of sutures: in the adult female the 4th—6th

are fused and the sutures obliterated.

Carapace of an adult female about 3] millim. in either diameter.

Toc. Andaman Sea, 240-220 fms., and 250 fms., Laccadive Sea,

406 fms.

In the young the carapace is quite spherical, with its edges spiny

and its surface closely and crisply granular—the young, in short, has

a very strong general resemblance to the adult of R. pustulilabris.

In the adult female the brood-pouch communicates with the

branchial chambers on either side by means of a foramen, as in Parilia.

39. Randallia eburnea, un. sp.

Carapace subcircular, convex, subspherical, perfectly smooth to

the naked eye though closely covered with vesicular granules under the

lens; its regions, except the intestinal, hardly defined.

The front is narrow, and is broadly bidentate; the edge of the

buccal cavern is more prominent beyond it than in any of the other

species. Between the convex subhepatic border and the branchial

border is a broad notch: near the middle of the branchial border is a

rounded deflexed tooth: the antero-lateral margin from the front to

this tooth is finely denticulate.

The fissures in the outer wall of the orbit are very distinct.

The posterior margin is elegantly three lobed, the lateral lobes

being broad and semicircular, the middle lobe being narrower: all

three are laminar.

The external maxillipeds are granular and pubescent distally.

The chelipeds are longer and more slender than in any of the other

species, being a little more than 23 times the length of the carapace:

they are perfectly smooth to the naked eye though closely granular

under the lens, the granules on the arms being vesicular. The hands

are subcylindrical and about two-thirds the length of the carapace: the

fingers are stout and between 3 and { the length of the hand, their

opposed edges are finely denticulate, with enlarged denticles at distant

regular intervals. Legs smooth, the dactyli with a few fine hairs at

tip only.

198 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

Although the 5rd—5th abdominal terga are fused they are all three

independently recognizable.

Carapace of (apparently adult) male 14 millim. in either diameter.

Loc. Off Laccadive Islands, 30 fms.

Parilia, Wood-Mason.

Parilia, Wood-Mason, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., March 1891, p. 264.

Carapace strongly convex, especially posteriorly, somewhat oval

transversely, with three spines on the posterior margin; the surface

finely granular, the regions fairly well-defined.

The front is narrow and bidentate, and the epistome projects well

beyond it,—the epistome being, for an Oxystome, deep—as in Randallia

and Nucia.

The eyes are small, and the orbits imperfect, for not only have they

two fissures (not mere sutures) in the roof, and a broad fissure in the

Outer wall, and a broad gap communicating with the antennary and

antennulary fosse, but their upper-outer wall is deeply emarginate.

The antennules fold a little obliquely. The antennz are distinct,

and stand in the gap at the inner canthus of the orbit, which they do

not nearly fill.

The buccal cavern is considerably broader than long, owing to

the enormous width of the afferent branchial channels and of the

foliaceous expansion of the exopodite that covers them: the outer

edge of the latter is strongly curved: the triangular merus of the

endognath is very nearly as long as the ischium, measured along the

inner edge.

The chelipeds in the adult male are several times the length of the

carapace, and are slender, though more massive than the legs: the

hands are several times the length of the stoutish fingers.

The abdomen in the male consists of five distinct pieces: in the

female it consists of seven, but the 4th, 5th and 6th are not separately

movable.

Branchial chambers greatly inflated, especially posteriorly : bran-

chie large, and six in number on either side. [Brood-pouch of the

female very large and communicating with the branchial chamber on

either side, at base, by a foramen. |

40. Parilia alcockii, Wood-Mason.

Parilia alcockii, Wood-Mason, Ann. Mag, Nat. Hist., March 1891, p. 264, and

Ill. Zool. ‘ Investigator,’ Crust. pl. v. figs. 3, 8a : Alcock and Anderson, J. A. S. B.

Vol. LXIITI. pt. 2, 1894, p. 177.

Carapace about seven-eights as long as broad, transversely oval,

1896. ] A. Aleock—Carcinological Fauna of India. 193

but with the anterior margin—between the outer angles of the afferent

branchial channels—perfectly straight.

The antero-lateral margin is broadly indented at’ the junction of

the hepatic and branchial regions, and bears four denticles; and there

are three denticles on the posterior margin, the middle one of which is

the smallest: just above the posterior margin is another transverse row

of three denticles,—one in the middle of the intestinal region and one on

the posterior wall of the branchial region on either side.

The carapace is strongly convex, the convexity gradually increasing

from before backwards and then suddenly dropping, like a simian cra-

nium, which in profile it much resembles: the surface is everywhere

finely granular.

The regions of the carapace are well delimited by broad shallow

grooves and lines of dimples, the branchial regions each forming an

enormous tumid expanse. A slightly raised ridge traverses the cara-

pace, in the middle line, from the base of the front to the intestinal

denticle.

The front is broadly bilobed, each lobe being convex dorsally and

acuminate: beyond it in a dorsal view is seen the epistome and the

whole length of the edge of the buccal cavern.

The surface of the external maxillipeds and the ventral surface of

the carapace are finely granular, but the sternum and the greater part

of the abdomen are smooth. In the middle of the sternum of the female,

between the genital openings, is an erect spine.

The external maxillipeds have a narrow triangular endopodite, the

merus of which is strongly curved upwards towards the front; and a

foliaceous exopodite, which is much shorter than the endopodite, and

which is semicircular in shape and two-thirds as broad as long—

broader even than in Philyra globosa, Fabr.

The chelipeds as in Myra fugaz, vary according to age and sex: in

the adult male they are 45 times, in the female and young male 23 times,

the length of the carapace, and are only about twice as massive as the

legs: their surface up to nearly the end of the hand is finely scabrous.

The arm is cylindrical: the hand in the female is cylindrical, but in the

male somewhat clavate. The hand in the male is more than 3 times, in

the female only twice the length of the fingers: the fingers are stout,

gently curved in the female, somewhat sinuous in the adult male, and

their opposed edges are almost edentulous.

The legs in the male are shorter than the arm; in the female they

are a little longer than the arm: they are cylindrical, and finely scab-

rous on the dorsal surface: the dactyli are obtusely pointed, and have

both their edges closely fringed with longish stiff hairs.

200 A, Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

Colours in spirit rusty reddish.

The carapace of the average adult male is 50 millim. long and 56

millim. broad, of the adult female 40 millim. long and 48 millim.

broad.

Fairly common on soft muddy bottoms along the east coast of India

between 70 and 250 fathoms.

In the Indian Museum collection are 96 specimens of both sexes and

all ages.

Myra, Leach.

Myra, Leach, Zool. Miscell. III. p. 238.

Myra, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 125.

Myra, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI, 1855, p. 296, and Cat. Leucos, Brit. Mus.

p. 12.

Myra, Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 312.

2 Myropsis, Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Vol. II. p. 156.

Carapace ovoid (or globular in Myropsis and in the young of most

Indian species of Myra), terminating posteriorly in three spines.—two

on, and one in the middle line immediately above, the posterior border.

(But in Myropsis and in the young of several species of Myra there is a

pair of additional spines,—one on either postero-lateral border just above

the last pair of legs). The surface of the carapace is either smooth or

evanular, never nodular or eroded, and resembles that of Leucosia in not

having all the regions demarcated, at any rate in the adult.

The front is well delimited from the carapace, and although the

dentiform prolongations of the septa of the branchial channels may

sometimes project beyond it, yet the whole of the edge of the buccal

cavern is never in the adult seen beyond it in a dorsal view.

The hepatic region—the side-wall of which commonly forms a

distinct facet —is generally separated from the branchial region by a

broad notch in the antero-lateral margin, this being continuous with a

depression in the pterygostomian face of the carapace and with a longi-

tudinal groove in the side-wall of the carapace,— the whole foreshadow-

ing the thoracic sinus of Leucosia (? in Myropsis).

The orbits are deep, and although the upper edge is a little emar-

ginate, the retracted eye is completely concealed: the three sutures in

the roof and outer wall are very distinct: as in Leucosia the floor prac-

tically coincides with the roof of the buccal cavern, as regards its edge

at any rate.

The antenne are loosely lodged in a gap at the inner canthus of the

orbit. The antennules fold obliquely.

The buccal cavern is elongate: the acutely-triangular merus of

1896. ] A. Aleock— Carcinological Fauna of India. 201

the external maxillipeds is not much more than half the length of the

ischium measured along the inner edge: the 2nd segment of the exo-

gnath generally has the outer edge elegantly curved, but is not dilated

except a little at the base.

The chelipeds though much more massive than the legs, and rather

more massive than those of Ilia, Arcania and their immediate allies,

are not nearly so massive as those of Leucosia, Philyra, etc. In some

species at any rate they vary much in length according to age and sex,

but they are seldom less, and are often more, than twice the length of the

carapace. The fingers are stout and vary in length, being sometimes

a little longer than, but in the adult males of one species only half

the length of, the hand.

The abdomen of the male usually consists of 4 pieces, that of the

female of 5.

The species of this genus are often difficult to discriminate owing to

the changes that they undergo in growth. The following key will, it

is believed, serve for the determination of adult forms.

Key to the Indian species of Myra.

I. Carapace broadly oval (longitudinally), with a

broad notch in the antero-lateral margin be-

tween the hepatic and branchial regions :—

1. Side-wall of hepatic region forming a

distinct facet, behind which the lateral

margins of the carapace are defined

by a beaded line: spines of the post-

erior margin more or less acute:

fingers either shorter or hardly longer

than the hand :—

i. Spines of the posterior margin

long and acute: carapace fine-

ly granular—the granules

hardly visible to the naked

eye: chelipeds slender (in the

adult male nearly thrice the

length of the carapace): hand

lone (in the adult male often

nearly twice the length of the

fingers, and about two-thirds

the length of the carapace) ... M. fugaz.

ii. Spines of the posterior margin

short, the middle one acute,

J. 1. 26

A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

those on either side dentiform:

carapace crisply granular, the

granules of good size: cheli-

peds stoutish, not quite twice

the length of the carapace even

in the adult male: hand short :—

Front not projecting be-

yond the dentiform

ends of the walls of

the branchial channels:

hand about haif length

of carapace: fingers

about two-thirds length

Of handy yt eaaieace see ceeere

Front shaped much as

in Leucosia, projecting

well beyond the free

edge of the branchial

channels: hand hardly

two-fifths the length of

the carapace: fingers

aslongas the hand .....,

2. Side wall of hepatic regions convex, not

distinctly facetted in the adult: later-

al margins of the carapace full, and

not defined by any beaded line: arma-

ture of the posterior margin consist-

ing of three petaloid lobules: fingers

longer than’ the hand (ooo ee ee seers cone

202

[ II. Carapace subcircular, with five marginal spines

and spinules at its posterior end ..................

III.

Carapace narrowly and acutely oval (longitu-

dinally ) its shape recalling that of Raninoides,

without any marked notch between the hepatic

andeprane hia reciOns edecdeseecen eee eee eeneee

4).

Myra fugazx, (Fabr.)

M. affinis.

M. brevimana.

M. darnleyensis.

M. pentacantha.

(probably the

young of WM.

fugaz) |.

M. elegans.

Cancellus anatum tertius, Ramph, Amboin. Rariteitk. I. 27, pl. x. fig. C.

Cancer punctatus, Herbst, Krabben, I. ii. 89, pl. ii. figs. 15, 16.

1896. ] A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 203

Leucosia fugaz, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 351: Bosc, Hist. Nat. Crust. I.

236: Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins. VI. 119, pl. JU. figs. 1, 2.

Myra fugaz, Leach, Zool. Miscell. III. p. 24: Desmarest, Consid. Crust. p. 169,

pl. xxviii. fig. 2: Milne Edwards, in Cuvier, Régne Animal, Crust. pl. xxv. fig. 3,

and Hist. Nat. Crust. IJ. 126: De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 134, pl. xxxiii.

fig. 1: Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 296, and Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus.

p- 12: Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1858, p. 160: A. Milne Edwards,

Nouy. Archiv. du Mus. X. 1874, p. 45: Hilgendorf, MB. Ak. Berl. 1878, p. 811:

H. Nauck, Zeits. Wiss. Zool. XXXIV. 1880, p. 48 (gastric teeth): Richters, in Mébius

Meeresf. Maurit. p. 157: Miers, P. Z. 8S. 1884, pp. 10, 13, and ‘Challenger’ Brachy-

ura p. 313: (Cano, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, III. 1889, p. 253]: Miller, Verh.

Ges. Basel, VIII. 1886, p 472: Ortmann, Zool. Jahrbuch., Syst., &c., VI. 1892,

p- 581: J. R. Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 402. (Adult).

Myra carinata, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 297, pl. xxxii. fig. 3,

and Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus. p. 13: Haswell, P. L.S., N.S. Wales, IV. 1879, p. 50,

and Cat. Austral. Crust. p.121: Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) V. 1880, p. 316,

and Zoology H. M.S. ‘ Alert’ pp. 184, 250: Sluiter, Tijds. Nederl. Ind. XL. 1881,

p. 160: Miller, Verh. Ges. Basel, VIII. 1886, p. 472: A. O. Walker, Journ. Linn.

Soe., Zool., XX: p. 111. (Non-adult).

Myra coalita, Hilgendorf, MB. Ak. Berl. 1878, p. 812, pl.i. figs.6 and 7: [Cano,

Boll. Soc. Nat. Napol. III. 1889, p. 253]. (Non-adult).

Myra dubia, Miers, P. Z. S. 1879, pp. 20, 42.

Myra fugaz, var. coalita, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrbuch., Syst., &c., VI. 1892, p. 582.

Carapace, in the adult, ovoidal, with 3 sharp, usually recurved,

spines—one at either extremity of the posterior margin, and one very

long one in the middle line just above the posterior margin. On the !

surface of the carapace are (1) some scattered punctiform granules,

almost invisible to the naked eye in the adult (except on the basal half

of the median posterior spine where they are always large and numer-

ous), and (2) a longitudinal median carina, almost or quite obsolete in

the adult. The regions of the carapace are not well defined.

The front is broadly bidentate, and is prominently convex dor-

sally, but projects so little beyond the edge of the buccal cavern that

the spiniform angles of the branchial channels and the tips of the

external maxillipeds can be seen beyond it in a dorsal view: it and the

neighbouring parts are usually somewhat pubescent.

Behind the tip of the front the antero-lateral boundary of the cara-

pace is formed by the obliquely-facetted side-wall of the sub-hepatic

region, the facet being bounded above and below by beaded lines on

both of which, near their posterior end, is a tubercle or tooth: the sur-

face of the facet is quite smooth.

Behind the hepatic facet, between it and the branchial region, is

a very well defined notch corresponding with a depression on the pteryg-

ostomian face, this again being in continuity with a well-cut longi-

tudinal groove (quite independent of the epimeral suture) that traverses

204. A. Alcock —Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

the side-wall of the carapace just above the somewhat thickened epi-

meral edge,—the whole foreshadowing the thoracic sinus of Leucosia.

Behind this notch the lateral border of the carapace is defined by

a finely beaded line, the first few beads being sometimes, in non-adults,

somewhat dentiform.

The external maxillipeds are granular and hairy distally, and in

the female are hairy all along their apposed edges.

The chelipeds vary a good deal according to age and sex, but are

always rather slender. In the adult male they are from 2% to 3; times

the length of the carapace (without spine), in the adult female a little

over twice. The cylindrical arm has the proximal half to three-quarters

closely covered on all but its under surface with enlarged vesicular

granules. The hand though slightly broadened at base, is of an

elongate rather slender form: in the adult male it is about 3 the length

of the carapace (without spine), in the adult female half or a little

more than half. The fingers in the adult male are from 3 to 3, in the

adult female about 3, the length of the hand: they are gently curved,

a little bent inwards, and somewhat slender, and their opposed edges

meet throughout and are finely denticulate, with larger denticles at

regular rather distant intervals. -

The legs are slender and not, or hardly, longer than the arm; their

dactylus is narrowly lanceolate and fringed with longish stiffish hairs,

as is also the dorsal edge of the propodite.

On the long penultimate piece of the male abdomen is a terminal

granule.

Colours in spirit: pinkish flesh-colour, the chelipeds and legs cop-

pery, the front and branchial regions often with a bluish tinge.

The largest adult male in the Indian Museum collection has the

carapace 28 millim. long (without spine) and 23 millim. broad.

Found on both coasts of the Peninsula, at the Andamans, and in

the Persian Gulf.

In the Indian Museum there are 57 specimens, including numerous

adults of both sexes.

[ Myra pentacantha, n. sp. ?

Most probably the young of M. fugax.

Differs from Myra fugax Fabr. in the following characters :—

(1) the carapace is almost circular, and is somewhat depressed,

except in the middle line where it is strongly carinated :

(2) the front is thickly pubescent, and the whole of the free edge

of the buccal cavern is visible beyond it in a dorsal view:

(3) the intestinal region is well defined and rather tumid, and is

1896. ] A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 205

surmounted in the middle line by a raised cluster of granules, terminat-

ing, but discontinuous with, the carina of the carapace:

(4) in addition to the 3 spines on the posterior margin of the

carapace there is a spine or spinule on either postero-lateral margin

above the last pair of legs:

(5) on the antero-lateral margin, immediately behind the branchio-

hepatic notch, are several denticles.

The chelipeds are not quite twice the length of the carapace: they

are slender, and their constituent pieces have the same proportions as in

the adult female of M. fugaz.

The carapace of an average specimen is 8°5 millim. long and 8

millim. broad.

In the Indian Museum are 29 specimens from both coasts of the

peninsula. Commonest at about 25 fathoms.

I regard these as the very young of M. fugaw first because among

57 specimens of that species in the Indian Museum there is not a single

very young one, and secondly because a fine large adult male of that

species in our collection has the additional spine well developed on one

side. Again it is suggestive that although M. pentacantha appears to

to}

be a common enough form, it is never found as an adult. ]

42. Myra affinis, Bell.

Myra afinis, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 296, pl. xxxii. fig. 2, and

Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus., p. 12: Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1858, p. 160:

Haswell, P. L. S. N. S. Wales, IV. 1879, p. 50, and Cat. Austral. Crust., p. 121:

Miers, Zool. H. M.S. ‘Alert’ pp. 184, 150, and ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 315:

A. O. Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., XX. 1890, p. 111.

Myra mamillaris, Miers (nec Bell), Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) I. 1875-79

(1877) p. 239, pl. xxxviii. figs. 25-27, and ‘ Challenger’ Brachyara, p. 315.

Myra subgranulata, Kossmann, Reise roth. Meer. Crust., p. 65, pl. i. fig. 7, and

Archiv. fiir Nature. XLIV. 1878, p. 256.

? Myra australis, Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. Wales, IV. 1879, pp. 50 and

404, pl. v. fig. 3, and Cat. Austral. Crust., p. 122: Miers, Zool. H. M. S. ‘Alert’

pp. 184, 251, and ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 315: A. O. Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc.

Zool., XX. 1890, p. 111: J. R. Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zcol., (2) V. 1893,

p- 402.

Myra punctata, de Man, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., XXII. 1878, p. 205 (nec synon).

Differs from Myra fugax, adult males being compared, in the

following characters :—

(1) the carapace, including the surface of the sub-hepatic facet, is

covered with crisp granules, all very plainly visible to the naked eye;

its longitudinal median carina is persistent and granular ; its posterior

marginal spines are shorter and blunter, the middle one being sharp

and recurved, the lateral oues dentiform :

206 A. Aleock— Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

(2) the chelipeds are stouter and shorter, being a little less than

twice the length of the carapace (without spine); the hand especially

is stouter and shorter, being hardly half the length of the carapace ;

the fingers are about § the length of the hand:

(3) the long penultimate piece of the male abdomen carries a strong

terminal tooth.

Colours in spirit: some reddish or orange markings on the cara-

pace, and some broad orange-reddish cross-bands on the chelipeds.

The largest adult male in the Indian Museum collection has the

carapace 17 millim. long and 15 millim. broad.

In the young the intestinal region is distinctly delimited, rather

tumid, and is surmounted by a raised cluster of granules terminating,

but discontinuous with, the median carina of the carapace.

In the Indian Museum collection are 16 specimens from Arakan,

Mergui, Andamans, Ganjam coast, and the Persian Gulf.

The specimens here included comprise (1) adult forms that answer

to Bell’s descriptions and figures of M. affinis and are readily distin-

euishable from MM. fugax (a) by the relative stoutness and shortness of

the chelipeds and hands and (0) by the shortness and coarseness of the

spines, and (2) half-grown forms that correspond with Haswell’s figure

of M. australis, and Miers’ figures of M. mamillaris (loc. cit.) which

Miers in his work on the ‘ Challenger’ Brachyura refers to M. australis.

Although Haswell’s figure and description hardly correspond—e.g., the

fingers are described as being about half the length of the hand, but

are figured as nearly equal to the hand in length—I cannot but think

that his species represents the immature form of M. affnis.

In very young specimens there is a denticle or enlarged granule on

either postero-lateral margin above the last pair of legs.

453. Myra brevimana, n. sp.

Differs from M. fugar, a large series of fully adult males and

ovigerous females being compared, in the following characters :—

(1) the carapace is much more convex, being ovoid in the male,

subglobular in the female ; its surface, including the surface of the sub-

hepatic facet, is crisply granular and its longitudinal median carina is

persistent and granular, as in M. affinis ; the posterior marginal spines

are as in M. affinis, the middle one being short stout acute and recurved,

the lateral ones being dentiform :

(2) the front is much more deeply and acutely bidentate, and

otherwise is shaped much as in Leucosia, being strongly convex, being

delimited from the hepatic regions on either side by a hollow, being

well recurved upwards, and projecting so far that no part whatever of

1896. ] A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 207

the buccal frame or of the external maxillipeds can be seen in a dorsal

view even in the deep incision between the frontal teeth :

(3) the tooth on the posterior part of the upper of the two lines

that defines the hepatic facet is almost as large and prominent as that

on the lower:

(4) the chelipeds are quite similar in both sexes, and are stout,

especially the hand ; they are just under twice the length of the carapace

(without spine). The hand is hardly two-fifths the length of the cara-

pace (without spine), is more than half as broad as long, and is some-

what inflated; the fingers are as long as the hand, the dactylus being

plainly longer than the outer border of the hand :

(5) on the long penultimate piece of the male abdomen is a strong

terminal tooth.

Colours in spirit: regions of carapace defined by broad orange-red

markings, some broad orange-red cross-bands on chelipeds, one of which

occupies the basal half or three-fourths of the fingers.

Carapace in the adult male 16 millim. long and 14 millim. broad,

in the adult female 20 millim. long and 18 millim. broad.

In the Indian Museum are 34 specimens from Arakan, Mergui,

Ganjam, and Ceylon, usually at depths of about 30 fathoms.

In the young the intestinal region is well defined and tumid, and is

surmounted by a raised cluster of granules in a line with the median

longitudinal carina.

The prominent front, the stout chelipeds, and the short inflated

hands are characters by which this species is easily recognized.

44. Myra darnleyensis, Haswell.

Myra darnleyensis, Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soc., N. S. Wales, IV. 1879, p. 52, pl. v.

fig. 4, and Cat. Austral. Crust. p. 122: Miers, ‘ Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 316.

Carapace sub-piriform, globous dorsally, the lateral margins full

- and inflated and not defined by any beaded line; the surface very finely

and closely granular (under the lens) ; the intestinal region fairly well

defined, as are also the branchial regions posteriorly.

The three processes on the posterior margin are not spines, but

broadly-laminar petaloid lobes.

The front is prominent, but the dentiform ends of the walls of the

branchial canals can be seen beyond it in a dorsal view: it is deeply

channelled in the middle line, dorsally, and has a fluted appearance: the

outer wall of the orbit has the same elegantly fluted appearance, owing

to the depth of the sutures and the convexity of the surfaces between

the sutures.

Behind the front the side-wall of the hepatic regions is full and

208 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

convex, not flattened and distinctly facetted as it is in other species : it

bears, however, a strong mammillary tubercle. As in the other species,

there is a well-defined uotch in the antero-lateral margin between the

hepatic and branchial regions—the notch as usual being in continuity

with a crease in the pterygostomian face, and this with a groove in the

lateral wall of the carapace.

The external maxillipeds are granular and hairy distally, being alike

in both sexes.

The chelipeds are alike in both sexes and are about twice the length

of the carapace: all the surfaces of the arm in the greater part of its

extent are vesicular-granular, but the granules are only just visible to

the naked eye. The hand is short, about one-third the length of the

carapace (without spine), and is somewhat inflated. The fingers are

markedly longer than the hand, the dactylus being about half again as

long as the outer border of the hand.

The long penultimate piece of the abdomen of the male carrizs a

stout terminal denticle.

Colours in spirit much as in M. brevimana, the regions of the cara-

pace being defined by broadish orange-red markings, and the chelipeds

having some broad cross-bands of the same colour, but these never in-

volve the fingers, which are white.

In the male the carapace is 13 millim. long (without spine) and

11 millim. broad, in the female 15 millim. long and 13 millim. broad.

In the Indian Museum are 52 specimens, including adult males

and ovigerous females, from the Andamans, Maldives, Palk Straits,

and from off Ceylon 34 fms.

In many adult females, as in most young, there is in the middle

of the carapace a cruciform constellation of 5 enlarged bead-like gra-

nules or denticles. In the young also the side wall of the hepatic

region is not so much inflated and even shows traces of flattening,

while the tumid intestinal region is surmounted by an enlarged granule,

and on either postero-lateral margin (in the very young), just above

the last pair of legs, is a denticle or enlarged granule.

45. Myra elegans, Bell.

Myra elegans, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 297, pl. xxxii. fig. 4,

and Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus. p. 13.

Carapace elongate-oval tapering to a long acute spine at the

posterior margin, half again as long as broad without the spine, nearly

twice as long as broad with the spine. On either side of the spine is a

spinule situated at either extreme of the short posterior margin, and a

little in advance of these, on either postero-lateral margin, just above

the last pair of legs, is sometimes a sharp denticle.

1896.] A. Aleock—Careinological Fauna of India. 209

The carapace is traversed longitudinally, from the middle of the

gastric region, by a broadish granular carina, and there is an elongate

patch of granules along the middle of either branchial region and a

patch round and on the big posterior spine; otherwise the carapace is

smooth.

The front is broadly bilobulate, each semi-circular lobule having

a knife-edge, and although it projects beyond the margin of all parts

of the buccal cavern, yet the hairy tips of the external maxillipeds can

be seen beyond it in a dorsal view.

Behind the front the side wall of either sub-hepatic region forms

a not very well marked hairy facet, behind which there is no well

marked marginal notch as there is in the other species. The lateral

margins of the carapace are well defined and beaded throughout.

The chelipeds are nearly similar in both sexes, being slender and

short—only about 14 times the length of the carapace (without spine) :

the upper surfaces of the cylindrical arm are covered with enlarged

vesicular granules in the greater part of their extent, and the under

surface at base only: the hand is short, hardly a quarter the length of

the carapace (without spine): the fingers are almost one-fourth longer

than the hand.

The lezs are compressed, especially the carpopodites and propod-

ites, the latter and the dactyli having hairy edges.

The long penultimate piece of the abdomen of the male has a

terminal denticle.

The largest male in the Indian Museum has the carapace 12 millim.

long and 8 millim. broad: in an apparently adult female the carapace is

15°5 millim. long and 10°5 millim. broad.

A young and two apparently adult males and an adult female from

a muddy bottom, in 12 fms., off the Madras coast, and a young male

from off the Arakan coast 13 fms., are in the Indian Museum. In the

last mentioned the wrist and hand are elegantly fluted with lines of

raised granules.

Although our female is not laden with eggs, I conclude that it is

adult because it has the wide deep brood-chamber with the broad con-

vex abdominal lid so familiarly found in the adult females of the

Leucoside. Moreover the carapace is stained and worn as if it had not

been renewed for a long time. Myra elegans is certainly not the young

of any other Indian species.

Levucosta, Fabr.

Leucosia, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl., p. 349.

Leucosia, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. IL. 121.

oe i, 24

210 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

Leucosia, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 281, and Cat. Lencos. Brit.

Mus., p. 5.

Leucosia, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. X. 1874, p. 39.

Leucosia, Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 322.

The whole exo-skeleton is of the consistence and appearance of

glazed porcelain.

Carapace extremely convex, sub-circular or subrhomboidal to hexa-

gonal in outline, perfectly smooth, with none of the regions—except

sometimes the hepatic—defined: in front of the hepatic regions it

is produced to form a sort of upturned snout, underneath the tip of

which are found the minute eyes sunk in deep round complete orbits,

the obliquely-folding antennules, and the minute antenne lying below

the antennules. :

The lateral epibranchial angles of the carapace form on either side

a distinct lobe, which is bent downwards towards the base of the

chelipeds to form the eave of a deep sinuous depression in the side-

wall of the carapace, known as the thoracic sinus.

The true postero-lateral margin of the- carapace is ill-defined

posteriorly, and the epimeral edge of the carapace—which practically

takes the place of most of the postero-lateral margin—is greatly

thickened and elegantly milled. These epimeral edges on either side

are continuous with a finely-beaded crest that forms the posterior

margin of the dorsum of the carapace ; and below this posterior margin

the carapace ends in a deflexed posterior wall.

The buccal cavern is elongate-triangular, 4nd the front part of its

side walls are coincident with the sides of the snout-like front of the

carapace: the acutely-triangular merus of the external maxillipeds is

about as long as the ischium, and the outer margin of the exognath is ~

almost straight.

The chelipeds are symmetrical and, relatively to the legs, very

massive; they are a little longer in the male than in the female, but are

very rarely more than half again as long as the carapace: the margins

and certain parts of the surfaces of the arms are ornamented with large

polished pearly tubercles: the hands are usually short and broad and

little longer than the fingers. The true legs are small.

The abdomen of the male consists usually of 4 pieces, but the two

large middle pieces (which are formed of 5 terga) are sometimes fused,

into one: the abdomen of the female also consists of 4 pieces usually,

but the large oval third piece (which is formed of 4 terga) is sometimes

fused with the second piece.

The so-called thoracic sinus of Leucosia is simply an invagination of the after

part of the pterygostomian region and of the side-wall of the carapace, as may be

seen by comparing cleaned carapaces with those of other Leucosines.

1896. ] A. Aleock—- Carcinological Fauna of India. — 211

The invagination seems to be chiefly due to the pushing up of the epimeral

margin against the resistance of the vault of the carapace — a pushing up which

may be inferred from the position of what remains of the ‘‘ epimeral snture.”

The origin of the thoracic sinus from such a simple invagination is very appar-

ent in the isolated carapace of Leucosia unidentata. Here, viewed from the inside

of the carapace, the thoracic sinus is seen as the convexity of a pocket; and, viewed

from the outside, the month of the sinus shows as a ring of large granules or

puckers resulting from invagination.

Key to the Indian species of Leucosia.

A. NogMAL GENERA: free edge of front projecting beyond the

epistome: hands not foliaceous :—

I. Carapace conspicuously longer than broad, bluntly

rhomboidal, quite devoid of definite pubescence, the

thickened epimeral edge never visible in all its extent,

dorsally, when the carapace is held, without any inclin-

ation, straight in front of the observer’s eyes: front

never ending in three sharp horizontal prongs: the

thoracic sinus always defined in some part of its extent

by large granules visible to the naked eye: no extensive

growth of hair, or definite patches of spongy pubes-

cence at the base of the upper surface of the arm:

meropodites of legs subcylindrical: abdomen in both

sexes consisting of 4 pieces :—

1. Outer edge of hand never carinate: front dorsally

convex in all its extent: posterior margin of carapace,

in the adult, usually gently convex, with its external

angles not defined :— :

i. True postero-lateral margin of carapace beaded

as far as the level of the base of the last pair of legs:

ventral surface of ischium of external maxillipeds of

female almost flat—never broadly carinate :—

a. A loop of large granules between the base of the

chelipeds and the margin of the carapace: two

small red and white ocelli on either side of the

PASTEIC TESIOM sss ic/cesFeseisdeske, giysdeieibeditass. diatecss | Le, unidentata:

6. A single row of large granules between the base

of the chelipeds and the margin of the carapace,

and above it a second row of very small granules

running into the puckered edge of an almost cir-

cular bight in the pterygostomian region: no ocelli JZ. obtusifrons.

ii. True postero-lateral margin of carapace beaded

only up to the level of the base of the first pair of true

legs: a single row of large granules between the base

-of the chelipeds and the margin of the carapace :—

a. Carapace, excluding the whole front, broader

than long, its posterior margin gently convex :—

aa. Thoracic sinus deep, the convex edge of the

pterygostomian region, which defines the sinus

212

A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India.

anteriorly, being finely granular: front ending in

a triangular projecting beak: ventral surface of

ischium of external mazillipeds of female broad-

ly carinate up to # stout terminal tooth :—

a. Hepatic regions each forming a strong

mammary bulge, dorsally, quite independent

of the general convexity of the carapace:

meropodites of true ambulatory ee perfectly

smooth . G00 coconbod .

B. Conwerities of Hepatie!t regions a hava fies

tinguishable, dorsally, from the general con-

vexity of the carapace: meropodites of true

ambulatory legs with some longitudinal granu-

lation :—

al. Meropodites of fegs with 3 rows of

granules: inner edge of hand with several

rows of granules: size under 25 millim.......

a2. Meropodites of legs with a single row

of granules: inner edge of hand with a

single row of granules: size Over 35 millim.

6b. Thoracic sinus shallow, the convex edge of

the pterygostonrian region, which defines the

sinus anteriorly, smooth and entire: edge of front

sharply transverse, and sinuous: ventral surface

of ischium of external maxillipeds of female

non-carinate . 906000 000000 dod osc000dOn6cbOG0 sveecee

6. Carapace, ceoaiee the oe as iene, as y teen

its posterior margin almost straight............--. ses.

2. Outer edge of hand raised into a sharp carina : pos-

terior margin of carapace, in the adult, straight, with

its external angles pronounced :—

i. Front dorsally concave in the middle line an-

teriorly :—

a. Size medium (carapace over 20 millim. long):

thoracic sinus defined ventrally by a row of granules

of which 3 or 4 are pearl-like ...............00

b. Size small (carapace under 15 aan easy

thoracic sinus with at most three granules, two of

which are very large and reniform or fungiform ...

ii. Front convex dorsally in all its extent, produced

beyond the orbits into a broadly triangular point as in

Thy UCTAGGREME be00000e000%000000000 200000 caODOLOQRODIECE0005 pa0C

II. Carapace conspicuously longer than broad, sharply

hexagonal, devoid of definite pubescence outside of the

thoracic sinus, the thickened epimeral edge visible, dorsally,

in all its extent when the carapace is held without any

inclination straight in front of the observer’s eyes: front

ending in three sharp horizontal prongs: the thoracic

sinus is filled with hair, and is not defined in any part of

[No. 2,

L. longifrons,

L. neocaledonica.

L. urania.

L. haswelli.

LL. marmoree.

L. pallida.

L. whitmeet-

L. corallicola.

1896. ] A, Aleock— Carcinological Fauna of India. 213

its extent by granules visible to the naked eye: a definite

patch of encrusting spongy pubescence at the basal end

of the upper surface of the arm: meropodites of legs

compressed : abdomen of the male consisting of 3 pieces,

of the female of 4 pieces :—

1. Front much broader than long, distinctly trigonal,

its sides merging in the antero-lateral borders of the

carapace without any very abrupt transition: thoracic

sinus deep, the edge of the pterygostomian region,

which forms the anterior boundary of the sinus, convex

and granular or milled: surface below the posterior

margin of the dorsum of the carapace sharply granu-

lar :—

i. Outer limb of the thoracic sinus not invading the

antero-lateral margin of the carapace............ ...... L. craniolaris.

ii. Outer limb of the thoracic sinus eating. ani

causing a marked emargination of, the antero-lateral

borderiotsbbeicarapace:s seqecs-cncs sess ee seeseececoe eeaeea Uae vittatas

2. Front about as long as broad, with the ides saps

parallel or, at any rate, forming an abrupt junction with

the antero-lateral borders of the carapace: thoracic

sinus shallow, the edge of the pterygostomian region,

which forms the anterior boundary of the sinus, not

strongly convex and not granular or milled :—

i. The edge of the pterygostomian region that bounds

the thoracic sinus almost straight: surface of cara-

pace below the posterior margin of dorsum granular :

inner surface of hand with two prominent Hee

rows of granules: size about 14 millim. ................... Z. rhomboidalis,

ii. Edge of the pterygostomian region a little convex :

surface of carapace below posterior margin smooth:

inner surface of hand smooth, or witha single row

of obsolescent granules: size about 18 millim.......... L. pubescens.

Ii. Carapace as broad as long, urn-shaped or broadly

hexagonal, often with a strip of thick fur along the

postero-lateral border, the thickened epimeral edge visi-

ble, dorsally, in all its extent when the carapace is held

without any inclination straight in front of the observer’s

eyes: front obtuse: the thoracic sinus with or without

granules: either a definite patch of spongy pubescence

or a good deal of coarse hair at the basal end of the

upper surface of the arm: meropodites of legs com-

pressed: [abdomen of male consisting of 4 pieces, that

of the female of 3, or if of 4, then the 3rd piece is again

incompletely subdivided]: size very small, rarely 14

millim, :—

1. Lateral epibranchial angle and true postero-lateral

border of the carapace with a sharply defined edging

of thick fur :—

214 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

i. Outer edge of hand, if sharp, never distinctly

carinate: front with the dorsal surface uniformly

convex :—

a. Thoracic sinus defined ventrally by relatively

large granules: hepatic region culminating, dor-

sally, in a granular eminence: arms covered with

tubercles: hands subglobular: abdomen of female

of 4 pieces, the large third piece incompletely

subdivided into three .. aie panna cocsocen 1h, Wilirhte7-

b. Thoracic sinus not feared ny eoatnrales Hepatic

regions smooth and ill-defined: surfaces of arms

not everywhere invested with tubercles, a definite

patch of spongy pubescence at the basal end of

the upper surface: hands of the ordinary form:

abdomen of female formed of 3 pieces:— __

aa. Four rows of tubercles—including those on

the inner and outer margins —along the upper

surface of the arm: fur and pubescence on cara-

pace and chelipeds black (in spirit): carapace

(in spirit) reticulated with bright brown ......... DL. margaritata.

bb. Upper surface,of arm with only a few tuber-

cles besides those on the margins: fur and

pubescence yellowish white: carapace covered

with crimson spots ......... ie Bstere hee foaee L. hematosticta.

ii. Outer edge of hand strongly aavindtee front aan

the dorsal surface concave in the middle line giving

a bilobed appearance ............ L, elata.

2. Lateral epibranchial angle and “tens easter: Sie

border of the carapace devoid of fur :—

i. Front prominent beyond the hepatic regions : pos-

terior border of the carapace not equal in length to

half the greatest breadth of the carapace : thoracic

sinus deep and sharply defined in front: hand hardly

longer than the fingers...............eseseersee 6000800 na0q00000 L. cumingit.

ii. Front hardly prominent beyond the unusually

strong convexity of the hepatic borders: length of

the posterior border of the carapace more than half

the greatest breadth of the carapace: hand about

twice as long as the fingers ..........02.-.-sccoeve ecve aveee -L. SIMA.

B. PECULIAR GENERA :—

I. Free edge of front not projecting beyond the level of

the epistome. Otherwise belonging to the craniolaris

group . Pa SnocoooancceooccsoeG | Bis RATE

Il. Handa feliaedous) choad aerton mon the carapace :

thoracic sinus ill defined. Otherwise belonging to the

longifrons and MarMOred BLOUP...05 ccrevcevesecces tescstssccoeces Ly phyllochana.

1896.] - A, Aleock —Carcinological Fauna of India. 215

46. Leucosia unidentata, De Haan.

Leucosia wnidentata, DeHaan, Faun. Japon., Crust., p. 135, pl. xxxiii, fig. 3: Bell,

Trans. Linn, Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 284, and Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus. p. 6: Haswell,

P. L. S., N. S. Wales, Vol. LV. 1879, p. 44, and Cat. Austral. Crust. p. 118.

Leucosia obtusifrons var. wnidentata, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrbucher, Syst. etc., VI.

1892, p. 585. ;

Carapace bluntly hexagonal or subcircular, about nine-tenths as

long as broad : its surface perfectly smooth and devoid of hair : its antero-

lateral borders sinuous, convex, faintly beaded anteriorly, strongly

beaded posteriorly: its trwe postero-lateral border distinctly beaded or

crenulate up to the level of the base of the last pair of legs: its thick-

ened milled epimeral edge, which is continuous with the posterior

margin and ends at a sharp tooth just behind the base of the chelipeds,

is not visible, dorsally, when the carapace is held, without any colina

tion, straight in front of the observer’s eyes: its posterior margin short,

gently curved, finely beaded, with the deflexed surface below it quite

smooth.

The puckered mouth of the pterygostomian invagination—the

thoracic sinus of Bell and subsequent authors—shows as a roughly

9-shaped loop of equal-sized large pearly granules situated between

the base of the chelipeds and the strongly-pronounced lateral angle, or

eave, of the carapace: the pterygostomian plate is deeply indented,

transversely, in front of this loop of granules.

The convexities of the hepatic regions are an almost indistinguish-

able part of the general convexity of the carapace.

The front is prominent, dorsally convex, and truncate-triangular ;

its length is less than its breadth; its front edge is strongly deflexed

and very faintly trilobed, the middle lobe being mucronate.

The ventral surface of the ischium of the external maxillipeds in

the female, as in the male, is flat and smooth.

The chelipeds in the adult male are considerably more than half

again as long as the carapace. The upper surface of the arm has two

divergent longitudinal rows of pearly tubercles in addition to those

that bound its inner and outer borders: these two rows start from a

basal eminence formed of 7 or 8 smaller coalescent tubercles, and end

near the distal quarter of the arm. The inner surface of the arm is

completely covered with pearly tubercles of unequal size: the under

surface is smooth except in its basal third, or half. The wrist is smooth

except for two lines of bead-like granules bounding its inner surface,—

one line dorsal in position, the other ventral. The hand and fingers

together are as long as the arm. ‘The hand is half again as long as

broad, its narrow inner surface bears several rows of small bead-like

eranules the upper and lower of which are sharply defined and converge

216 A. Alcock —Carcinological Fauna of India. [ No. 2,

elegantly to the immobile finger, along which they are usually continued

for some distance. The fingers are as long as the hand, and have their

opposed edges crenulate throughout their extent.

The legs have stout subcylindrical meropodites (the trigonal origin

of which, however, is shown by three longitudinal rows of fine granula-

tion), inflated carpopodites, stout dorsally-sharp-edged propodites, and

broadly lanceolate, or palmulate, dactyli.

The abdomen in both sexes consists of 4 distinct pieces, the third

piece in the male bearing a strong tooth in the middle line.

Colours in spirit: carapace slate-grey with four small ocelli—two

on either side of the gastric region: the ocelli have broad red circum-

ferences and small white centres: the pearly tubercles of the up-

per surface of the arm have the base orange-red and the apex white:

the fingers have a yellowish red base, and the legs are indefinitely

banded with yellowish red.

The carapace of an adult of average size, of either sex, is about

30 millim. long and 27 millim. broad.

In India this species has been found only off the Malabar Coast

at 45 fathoms. In the Museum collection are an adult male and female,

and three half-grown females from the Malabar Coast, (and four adult

females from Hongkong.)

A7. Leucosia obtusifrons, De Haan.

Leucosia obtusifrons, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 133, pl. xxxiii. fig. 2: Bell,

Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 284, and Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus. p. 6:

A. Ortmann, Zool. Jahrbucher, Syst. etc. VI. 1892, p. 585.

Differs from L. unidentata, De Haan, only in the following charac-

ters, adults of both sexes being compared :—

1. The puckered mouth of the pterygostomian invagination—or

thoracic sinus—is still visible in all its extent as a long loop of granules

lying between the base of the chelipeds and the eave of the carapace ;

but the granules of the dorsal limb of the loop are so small as to be

only visible with a lens; those of the front convexity of the loop haye—

by a further infolding of the pterygostomian region—become partly

welded together and cut off to form an almost isolated ring; while only

those that form the ventral limb of the loop remain as large separate

granules.

2. The two rows of tubercles on the upper surface of the arm are

shorter, ending within the proximal half of the arm.

3. The chelipeds, in the adult male, are less than half again as

long as the carapace. .

4. The dactyli of the legs are narrowly lanceolate, not palmulate.

1896. ] A. Aleock— Carcinological Fuuna of India. 217

5. On either side of the gastric region are two white spots, instead

of two red and white ocelli.

6. The body is somewhat smaller, the carapace in the average

adult male measuring 25 by 23 millim., and in the average adult female

26 by 24 millim.

In the Museum Collection are 2 adult males, 4 egg-laden females,

2 young males, and a young female, from the Coromandel Coast.

The structural and colour differences hold good irrespective of age

or sex, and I therefore think that De Haan’s separation of this species

from the preceding is justified.

48. Leucosia longifrons, De Haan.

? Cancellus anatwm secundus, Rumph, Amboin. Rariteitkamer, I. 27, pl. x. fig. B.

? Araneus marinus, Seba, Thesaurus, III. 46, pl. xix. figs. 4, 5.

Leucosia longifrons, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 152, pl. xxxiii, fig. 4:

Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 284, and Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus. p. 6:

A. Ortmann, Zool. Jahrbiich., Syst. etc., VI. 1892, p. 585.

? Leucosia urania,, Guérin, Icon. R. A. Crust., pl. vi. fig. 4 (nec Herbst).

Leueosia polita, Hess, Archiv fiir Naturges. XXXI. i. 1865, pp. 155 and 172, pl.

vi. fig. 14; (and ? Haswell, Cat. Austral Crust. p. 120); jide de Man, Zool. Jahrbiich.

Syst. etc., II. 1892, p. 585.

Leucosia ornata, Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) I. 1875-79, p. 236, pl. xxxviii.

figs. 7-9.

Leucosia wrania, de Man, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XXII. 1888, p. 197 (nec

Herbst).

Carapace bluntly rhomboidal, about nine-tenths as long as broad:

its surface perfectly smooth and devoid of hair: its antero-lateral bord-

ers finely beaded, and strongly sinuous, owing to the prominence of the

edge of the well-defined hepatic region: its true postero-lateral border

beaded only as far as the level of the first pair of legs (2nd pereiopods) :

its thickened milled epimeral border is visible, dorsally, only in its post-

erior third when the carapace is held, without any inclination, straight

in front of the observer’s eyes: its posterior margin short, gently

curved, and finely beaded, with the deflexed surface below it quite

smooth.

The thoracic sinus is no longer recognizable as the puckered mouth

of a simple pterygostomian invagination: ‘it is now a roughly Y-shaped

cavity, the tail of the Y being defined by a line of 6 or 7 large pearly

granules continuous with the milled epimeral edge of the carapace, the

concavity of the fork of the Y being defined by the convex crenulated

edge of the pterygostomian region, and the outer limb of the Y being

a good deal longer than the inner.

The hepatic regions are strongly convex dorsally, their convexities

being quite independent of the general convexity of the carapace.

AN jue AS,

218 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. | [No. 2,

The front is prominent, triangular, and dorsally convex; its length

is at least equal to its breadth, and it ends in a projecting laminar

triangular tip.

The ventral surface of the ischium of the external maxillipeds

of the female is strongly convex up to a stout terminal tooth.

The chelipeds, in the adult male, are less than one-third longer

than the carapace. The upper surface of the arm has both its anterior

and posterior borders defined by a distally-incomplete row of tubercles,

and, besides the basal eminence formed of 6 to 8 coalescent granules,

has four—rarely five or more— large tubercles disposed in an irregular

Square just beyond the basal eminence: the inner surface of the arm

has a few tubercles in its proximal half, as has also the under surface in

its proximal fourth. The wrist is quite smooth. The hand is very

little longer than broad, its inner edge bears a single row of granules

which are often indistinct. The fingers are not much shorter than the

hand, and their opposed edges are crenulate—and that but indistinctly —

only in their distal two-thirds.

The legs have stout, subcylindrical, perfectly smooth meropodites,

inflated carpopodites, propodites with a sharpish dorsal edge, and, in

the case of the last pair, with the ventral edge sharp also, and narrow-

ly lanceolate dactyli which are more than half again as long as their

propodites.

The abdomen in both sexes consists of 4 distinct pieces, the third

piece, in the male, having a denticle in the middle line.

Colours in spirit: carapace light yellowish-brown, with a horseshoe

of six impressed white spots in the gastric region, and with a narrowly

defined red ring in either branchial region posteriorly; legs broadly

banded with yellowish red; fingers with reddish base and white tip;

tubercles on upper surface of arm with red base, sharply defined, and

white apex. bea

The carapace of an average adult male is 22 millim. long and

18 millim. broad, of an adult female 25 millim. long and 22 millim.

broad.

Over 80 specimens of all ages, from the Andamans, Mergui, Ceylon,

and the Persian Gulf.

48a. Leucosia longifrons, var. neocaledonica, A. Milne Edwards.

Leucosia neocaledonica, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. X. 1874, p. 40,

pl. ii. fig. 1; and? Haswell, P. L. S., N.S. Wales, Vol. IV. 1879, p. 46; and? de

Man, Notes Leyden Mus. IIT. 1881, p. 123.

¢ Leucosia wrania, de Man, Notes Leyden Mus. III. 1881, p. 256.

This is certainly a well-marked variety, and perhaps a distinct

1896. ] A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 219

species. It differs from L. longifrons, De Haan, only in the following

characters, adults of both sexes being compared : —

1. The carapace is closely punctate.

2. The antero-lateral border is sharply crenulate.

3. The hepatic regions although equally convex in the antero-

lateral margins, have their dorsal convexity hardly distinguishable

from the general convexity of the carapace.

4, The terminal tooth on the ventral surface of the ischium of the

external maxillipeds of the female is extremely acute and prominent.

5. Along the inner edge of the hand, below the upper row of

granules, which are very distinct, are several indefinite rows of granules.

6. Along the inner edge of the upper surface of the wrist is a

line of 3 or 4 granules.

7. The meropodites of the ambulatory legs have three distinct

longitudinal lines of granules,—one dorsal, two ventral.

8. The propodites of the ambulatory legs have their dorsal edges

not merely sharp, but highly carinate, and have also their ventral edges

carinate.

9. The colours, when good fresh spirit specimens are compared,

are very different. On the gastric region is a pair of large ocelli with

small white centres and very broad red outer rings. In faded speci-

mens the colours are much those of L. longifrons, but even then, instead

of two round spots or rings in the posterior half of the carapace, there

are from 4 to 6 large spots round the posterior half of the circumference

of the carapace.

Its average size is a little less than-that of L. longifrons.

In the Museum collection are 35 adult males and females from

Palk Straits, from Karachi, and from the Persian Gulf.

48b. Leucosia longifrons, var. pulcherrima, Miers.

? Cancellus anatum primus, Rumph, Amboin. Rariteitkamer, I. 27, pl. x. fic. A.

Leucosia pulcherrima, Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) I. 1875-79, (1877)

p- 236, pl. xxxviii. figs. 4-6: Haswell, P. L. S., N. S. Wales, Vol. IV. 1879, p. 46, and

Cat. Austral. Crust. p. 119.

Leucosia splendida, Haswell, P. L. S., N.S. Wales, Vol. IV. 1879, p. 47, pl. v.

fic. 1, and Cat. Austral. Crust. p. 119.

This is certainly only a variety of L, longifrons, De Haan, from

which it differs chiefly in the colouration, which is altogether richer

and more brilliant. Adult females compared, the only apparent differ-

ences from L. longifrons are as follows :—

1, The surface of the carapace is slightly punctate.

2. The propodites of the ambulatory legs are highly carinate

dorsally, and have also their ventral edges carinate, as in var. neocaledonica.

220 ‘A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

3. The two red rings on the posterior half of the carapace are

often, but not always, much larger, and the six white spots on the

anterior part of the carapace are enclosed in six red circles, which

often partly coalesce to form a double trefoil pattern.

In the Museum collection are an adult female, two half-grown

females, and a half-grown male, all from the Persian Gulf; and the

characteristic trefoil pattern occurs only in the adult female.

49, Leucosia wrania, Herbst.

Leucosia urania, Herbst, Krabben, III. ii. 17, pl. lili. fig. 3: Leach, Zool.

Miscell. Ill. p. 21: Desmarest, Consid. Gen. Crust., p. 167: Milne Edwards, Cuy.

Réene An., Crust. pl. xxv. fig. 1, and ? Hist. Nat. Crust II. 122: Bell, Trans Linn.

Soc. XXI. 1855, p. 283, and Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus. p. 6: Hilgendorf, MB. Ak.

Ber]. 1878, p. 811.

This species, although closely resembling L. longifrons, and especi-

ally the variety (or species) neocaledonica, is at once distinguished from

these, and from all other species, by its comparatively great size. Itisa

giant in the genus Leucosia, the carapace of an adult female in the Indian

Museum collection being 38 millim. long and 34 millim. broad, dimen-

sions almost equalled by Herbst’s figure.

It differs from L. longifrons only in the following particulars, adult

females being compared :—

1. Itis very much larger.

2. The antero-lateral border is but slightly sinuous, owing to the

slight prominence of the hepatic regions, of which also the dorsal con-

vexities are an almost indistinguishable part of the general convexity of

the carapace.

3. The hand is as broad as long, and the fingers haye their

opposed edges crenulate throughout.

4, The meropodites of the legs are traversed ventrally by @ line

of granules.

5. The propodites of the legs are foliaceous.

6. The dactyli are broadly lanceolate, and are ony equal in length

to their propodites.

7. Colours (of a thoroughly well-preserved specimen that has been

eight years in spirit) olive green, with a broad white median band,

forked posteriorly, extending from the tip of the front to the after end

of the gastric region ; four dusky red blotches round the posterior half

of the circumference of the carapace: legs yellow, banded with red ;

basal half of fingers red.

Loc. Andamans.

The single female specimen in the Indian Museum collection is the

exact counterpart of Herbst’s figure.

1896. | A. Aleock — Carecinological Fauna of India. 221

50. Leucosia marmorea, Bell.

Leucosia marmorea, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 286, pl. xxx.

fig. 4: H. Nauck, Zeits. Wiss. Zool. XXXIV. 1880, p. 49 (gastric teeth): A. O.

Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XX. 1890, p. 111.

Carapace highly polished, piriform, longer than broad by the whole

extent of the front: its antero-lateral borders finely beaded, slightly

sinuous, and gradually convergent: its true postero-lateral border bead-

ed only as far as the level of the first pair of legs (2nd pereiopods) :

its epimeral edge not visible in a dorsal view: its finely-beaded

posterior margin almost straight, with the surface below it quite smooth.

The thoracic sinus is a roughly Y-shaped cavity, the tail of the Y

being defined by a line of 5 or 6 small pearly granules continuous with

the milled. epimeral edge, the concavity of the Y being defined by the

convex, very finely crenulated edge of the pterygostomian region, and

both limbs of the Y being very short.

The hepatic regions are hardly defined posteriorly by a faint crease.

The front is prominent, dorsally convex, and truncate-triangular,

ending in three minute teeth, of which the middle one is the largest.

The ventral surface of the ischium of the external maxillipeds of

the female is smooth, and not strongly convex.

Chelipeds little longer than the carapace. The arm has its three

borders tuberculate; its upper surface with 5 to 7 pearly tubercles, in

two short rows, in its basal half, just beyond a basal eminence formed

of 6 to 8 coalescent granules; its inner surface granular or tubercular

in rather more than its basal half, and its under surface in rather more

than its basal third. The wrist and hand both have a row of sharp-

cut granules along their inner edge. Ths fingers, which meet only at

their tips, have the opposed edges distantly crenulate.

The legs are slender: their meropodites are subcylindrical with

longitudinal rows of microscopic granulation, dorsally and ventrally :

their propodites have sharpish edges, but are not dilated: their dactyli,

which are somewhat longer than the propodites, are very narrowly

lanceolate.

Colours in spirit: rich warm yellowish-brown with two pale round

spots on either side of the gastric region.

Length of carapace of an adult female 23 millim., breadth 18°5

millim.

A young and four adult females from the Andamans.

Among Indian species of the UL. longifrons group, this is at once

recognized by its elongate piriform carapace, by its truncate front, by

its nearly straight posterior margin, by its slender legs, and by its

warm cinnamon brown colour. —

222 A. Alcock —Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

51. Leucosia haswelli, Miers.

Leucosia haswelli, Miers, ‘ Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 324, pl. xxvii. fig. 2.

Carapace with the antero-lateral margins slightly sinuous, owing

to the slight convexity of the hepatic regions, which also are defined

posteriorly, on the dorsum of the carapace, only by a faint crease, In

other respects the carapace almost exactly resembles that of L. longi-

frons, but is a little more convex.

The front ends abruptly in a projecting, sharply transverse, sinuous

edge, the edge under a lens being seen to be faintly bilobed with each

lobule again faintly emarginate.

The thoracic sinus is a roughly Y-shaped cavity of no great depth,

the tail of the Y being defined by four large pearl-like granules situated

above the base of the chelipeds, the concavity of the fork of the Y being

defined by the convex perfectly smooth edge of the pterygostomian

region, and the limbs of the Y being both equally short.

The ventral surface of the ischium of the external maxillipeds of

the female is moderately convex without a terminal tooth.

The chelipeds are almostly exactly like those of L. longifrons ; but

on the upper surface of the arm there are always at least six pearly

tubercles, in two short lines, running forwards from -the basal eminence

formed of coalescent granules, and these tubercles, like some of those

on the inner edge of the arm, are of an uniform transparent blood-red

colour ; the wrist has a row of tiny blood-red granules along its inner

edge; and the hand has not only a row of granules along its inner

edge, but also, below this, a row of punctuations which become granules

on the immobile finger: finally, the fingers are crenulate along the

whole extent of their opposed edges.

Except that their propodites are sharply carinate, the legs exactly

resemble those of L. longifrons. ;

Colours in spirit: light greenish yellow, mottled with darker, and

with a dark greenish brown blotch on the posterior part of either

branchial region and two white spots on either side of the gastric region.

Size of carapace of an adult male 21 millim. long and 18 millim.

broad, of an adult female 22°5 by 20 millim.

37 specimens, young and adult, of both sexes, from the Andamans,

are in the Indian Museum collection. Inthe smallest young the carapace

is more elongate and its posterior border is almost straight, its whole

shape being very much like that of L. marmorea, Bell.

52. Leucosia pallida, Bell.

Leucosia pallida, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1885, p. 285. pl. xxx. fig. 2,

and Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus. p. 7: E. Nauck, Zeits. Wiss. Zool. XXXIV. 1880,

p. 48. (gastric teeth).

1896. ] A. Aleock— Carcinological Fauna of India. 223

Leucosia obscura, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 285, pl. xxx. fig. 3,

and Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus. p. 7.

Leucosia pallida, var. obscura, Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) V. 1880, p. 316.

? Leucosia parvimana, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1858, p. 159.

? Leucosia moresbiensis, Haswell, P. L. S., N. S. Wales, Vol. IV. 1879, p. 49.

? Leucosia perlata, de Man, Notes Leyden Mus. III. 1881, p. 124: Ortmann, Zool.

Jahrbiich Syst. etc., VI. 1892, p. 584.

Carapace more nearly circular than in any other species of the

genus, owing to the convexity of the antero-lateral margins ; its surface

perfectly smooth ; its antero-lateral margins crenulate : its true postero-

lateral margins beaded almost up to the level of the 2nd pair of legs

(3rd pereiopods) ; its epimeral edge not visible in a dorsal view; its

posterior margin in the adult, as well as in the young, nearly straight,

salient, and having the outer angles dentiform, the deflexed surface below

being quite smooth.

The thoracic sinus is a Y-shaped cavity of no great depth; the tail

of the Y being defined by a row of 6 or 7 granules, three or four of which

are large and pearl-like ; the concavity of the fork of the Y being defined

by the convex smooth edge of the pterygostomian region; and both

limbs of the Y being equally short.

The front is much broader than long and is distinctly concave in the

mid-dorsal line, anteriorly : it ends in three denticles, the middle one of

which is the most prominent.

The ventral surface of the ischium of the external maxillipeds of

the female is strongly convex up to a stout terminal tooth.

The upper surface of the arm is traversed, in its proximal half, by

7 to 9 pearly tubercles arranged in two rows running forwards from the

basal eminence formed by the usual mass of coalescent granules: the

inner edge of the upper surface of the wrist bears a few tiny tubercles :

the hand, which is more than three-fourths as broad as long, has its outer

edge strongly carinate, and its inner edge granular: the fingers meet

only at their tips, where alone they are faintly denticulate, their length

is four-fifths that of the hand.

Except that they are more slender, and have sharply carinated

propodites, and slender very narrow dactyli, the legs are as in

L. longifrons.

Colonrs in spirit: delicate lavender grey marbled with darker; a

pair of brown spots in the posterior part of the carapace, and two pairs

of pale spots in the gastric region.

The carapace of an adult female is 21 millim. long and 18 millim.

broad.

In the Indian Museum collection are 3 adult females (one with eggs)

from the Andamans, and a young male from the Persian Gulf.

224 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

53. Leucosia corallicola, n. sp. Plate VI. fig. 4.

Carapace somewhat piriform, longer than broad almost by the

whole length of the front: the antero-lateral borders gradually conver-

ging, and coarsely crenulate up to the smooth sharp lateral borders of

the front: the true postero-lateral border, which is also crenulate,

ceases abruptly at the level of the first pair of true legs: the posterior

margin is quite straight with the outer angles pronounced: the epimeral

edge is only visible dorsally in its posterior part.

The thoracic sinus is deep and distinct, but short and in places ill

defined: its longitudinal limb is bounded by 3 or 4 small (small because

the species is small) granules above the base of the chelipeds: the

edge of the pterygostomian region, which defines it in front, is convex

and irregularly wrinkled but not granular.

The front is almost as in L. longifrons: it is long, strongly conyex

dorsally, and ends ina broad triangular somewhat deflexed tip which

projects beyond the orbits.

The ventral surface of the ischium of the external maxillipeds is

not abnormally convex.

The chelipeds are as in L. pallida, as are the legs.

Colours in spirit: light yellow marbled with brownish. The

carapace of not quite adult females, and of the males, is 10 millim.

long and 8 millim. broad.

Loc. Off Malabar Coast, 29 fathoms on a bottom of “ hard flat

coral slabs” (Alfred Carpenter).

This species may possibly be Bell’s L. affinis (Trans. Linn. Soe. Vol.

XXI. 1855, p. 287, pl. xxx. fig, 6), but the front and the thoracic sinus

are quite different from the figures of that species. It is certainly not

the immature form of JL. longifrons, L. haswelli, L. pallida, or L.

whitmeet, to which group it belongs, Among Indian forms its closest

relative is L. pallida Bell.

54. Leucosia whitmeet, Miers.

Leucosia whitmeei, Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) XVI. 1875, p. 342, and

Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) I. 1875-79, p. 238, pl. xxxviii. figs. 16-18: J. R.

Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool., (2) V. 1898, p. 397.

Carapace piriform, longer than broad by the whole length of the

front ; the antero-lateral borders hardly sinuous, gradually converging,

and finely milled; the true postero-lateral border, which is also finely

milled, ceases abruptly at the level of the interval between the chelipeds

and the first pair of legs; the posterior margin, in the adult, no less

than in the young, almost straight, with the external angles somewhat

pronounced, the deflexed surface below being quite smooth; the epi-

meral edge visible to dorsal view only in its posterior part.

1896. ] A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 225

The thoracic sinus is a deep hardly Y-shaped cavity, since the outer

limb of the Y is greatly produced and the inner limb is very short : the

tail of the Y is defined by two singularly large fungiform or reniform

tubercles with sometimes a third smaller oue behind, and the strongly

convex edge of the pterygostomian region, which defines the thoracic

Sinus in front, is finely milled.

The front is prominent, almost quadrangular, with a sharply trans-

verse sinuous edge and with tts dorsal surface, anteriorly, murkedly concave.

The ventral surface of the ischium of the external maxillipeds of

the female is broadly carinate up to a strong terminal tooth.

The chelipeds, in the adult male, are very little longer than the.

carapace. The arm is slender and is ornamented as in L. pallida: the

wrist is quite smooth: the hand, which is nearly twice as long as broad

and nearly twice the length of the fingers, has its outer edge carinate and

its inner edge sharp: the short fingers meet only at the tip, where

alone they are faintly denticulate. The legs are asin LL. pallida.

Colours in spirit: fawn colour, the front of the carapace sometimes

light olive-green; four large round brown spots round the circumference

of the carapace behind; two pale spots on either side of the gastric

region.

The carapace of the adult male is 14 millim. long and 11 millim.

broad ; that of the adult female is 13 millim. long and 11 millim. broad.

A young male and 26 adults of both sexes (many of the females

with eggs) from the Andamans, are in the Indian Museum collection.

55. Leucosia whitet, Bell.

. Leucosia whitei, Bell, Trans, Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 289, pl. xxxi. fie. 2,

and Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus. p. 9: Hess, Archiv fiir Naturges. XXXI. i. 1865,

pp. 155, 172: Haswell, P. L. S., N. S. Wales, Vol. IV. 1879, p. 45, and Cat.

Austral. Crust. p. 118: Miers, Zool. H. M. 8. ‘ Alert,’ pp. 184, 289, and ‘ Challen-

ger’ Brachyura, pp. 322 (footnote), 325: A. O. Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool.,

Wor eexe S90) p. Ei:

2 Leucosia chevertii, Haswell, P. L.S., N. S. Wales, Vol. IV. 1879, p. 47, pl. v.

fig. 2, and Cat. Austral. Crust. p. 120.

Carapace not appreciably longer than broad, elegantly urn-shaped ;

its surface smooth, except for (1) a narrow strip of thick short fur cloth-

ing its postero-lateral border, (2) a sharp angular granule-tipped emin-

ence springing from the vault of either hepatic region, and (3) a patch

of granules just dorsad of the lateral epibranchial angle; its antero-

lateral border smooth as far as the front end of the thoracie sinus, and

then beaded; its true postero-lateral border beaded as far as the level

of the base of the 2nd pair of legs (3rd pereiopods) ; its epimeral edge

visible in all its extent, dorsally ; its: nose margin gently curved,

J. 1, 29

226 A. Aleock— Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

the inflexed surface below it having numerous punctuations and squa-

mous granules.

The thoracic sinus is a simple cavity defined ventrally by a loop of

small somewhat irregular granules, and not very well defined in front.

The front is broader than long, dorsally convex, and its tip, which

is truncated pitted and deflexed, ends in 3 broad denticles.

The ventral surface of the ischium of the external maxillipeds of

the female is smooth (non-carinate).

The sub-cylindrical arm is closely nodular everywhere except in

the middle of the ventral surface ; the sub-globular wrist has about half

of its upper surface, and a band on the inner edge of its under surface,

granular: the hand is inflated, or sub-globular, with its base granular,

and its inner edge sharply crenulate: the fingers, which are not much

shorter than the hand, meet only at their tips, where alone they are

denticulate.

The legs are compressed : the meropodites, which are much com-

pressed, are finely granular along the edges; the carpopodites and

propodites are sharply carinate, dorsally ; the dactyli, which are nearly

as long as their propodites and carpopodites together, are narrowly

lanceolate.

The abdomen of the female consists of 4 pieces, and the large third

piece is again subdivided into 3 pieces by two deep furrows which,

however, are broadly interrupted in the middle line.

A single egg-laden female from the Andamans has the carapace 14

millim. long and 13°5 millim. broad.

The colours, according to Bell, are light brown with small angular

red spots on the carapace, and a large red spot on the upper surface of

the hand.

Our single specimen, which has been in strongly carbolized spirit

for over 20 years, is now an uniform stone grey.

56. Leucosia cwmingii, Bell.

Leucosia cwmingit, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 290, pl. xxsi. fig.

3, and Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus. p. 9.

Carapace quite devoid of marginal fur, a little broader than long,

the inequality being hardly appreciable in the adult female, elegantly

hexagonal as in the preceding species. The antero-lateral border, the

main curve of which would be slightly concave, is convex by reason of

the strongly marked angular projection of the hepatic region. The

antero-lateral margin may be obscurely milled just in front of its janec-

tion with the ¢rwe postero-lateral border, but the latter, as well as the

posterior margin, 1s quite smooth: the posterior margin is gently curyed,

and in the male prominent.

1896.] A. Aleock—Carcinological Fauna of India. 227

The thoracic sinus is a deep obscurely Y-shaped cavity full of hair,

the tail of the Y being defined by a row of 5 flat pearly granules situated.

above the chelipeds, the inner limb of the Y being very short, and the

outer limb of the Y being produced up to the antero-lateral border to

accent the boundary between the hepatic and branchial regions, the

concavity of the fork of the Y being sharply defined by the smooth con-

vex edge of the pterygostomian region.

The front is broader than long, deflexed and obscurely bilobed at

tip, and a@ little concave im the mid-dorsal line anteriorly.

The ventral surface of the ischium of the external maxillipeds of the

female is perfectly flat.

The edges of the trigonal arm are tuberculate : on the upper sur-

face of the arm two short rows of tubercles arise from a mass of

granules and short hairs at the base of the arm, and run, one towards

the inner, one to the outer, edge of the arm: the wrist and the hand

are quite devoid of granules: the fingers are nearly as long as the hand,

and meet only at the tips.

The legs have all the joints compressed but not dilated.

The abdomen of the male consists of 4 pieces, that of the female

of 3 pieces only.

Colours in spirit: yellowish white with yellowish brown markings,

the hand and the fingers each with a brownish cross-band, the abdomen

of the female with brownish yellow markings in its anterior (true

posterior) third.

A male and an egg-laden female from the Nicobars: the carapace

of the male is 11 millim. long and 10 millim. broad, that of the female

is 12 x11°5 millim.

57. Leucosia sima, n. sp. Plate VI. fig. 5.

Very closely related to L. cwmingii, but differs from it, and from

all other species of the genus, in the’length of the posterior margin of

the carapace, which is considerably more than half the greatest breadth

of the carapace. Its form therefore would be broadly hexagonal, but

owing to the shortness of the front and to the great convexity of the

hepatic regions, it almost forms a pentagon.

Besides in the form of the carapace, which is unique in the genus,

it differs from DL. cumingii, Bell, only in the following characters, adult

females being compared :—

1. The front hardly breaks beyond the general convexity of the

anterior half of the carapace owing to the still greater angular promi-

nence of the hepatic regions.

2. The antero-lateral margin of the carapace behind the angular

228 A. Alcock — Careinological Vawna of India. [ No. 2,

prominence of the hepatic region, and the postero-lateral margin up

to the level of the base of the Ist pair of legs, are distinctly beaded.

3. The thoracic sinus has no definite boundary in front, althongh

it is deep and defined ventrally by large pearly granules as in L. cumingt.

4. The inner edge of the upper surface of the wrist bears a row

of granules, which is continued on to the base of the hand.

o. The fingers are only half the length of the hand.

An adult ege-laden female from Bombay has the carapace 13 millim.

long and 13 millim. broad.

08. Leucosia elata, A. Milne Edwards.

Leucosia elata, A. Mime Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. Vol. X. 1874, p. 41,

pl. i. fig. 2.

Carapace as broad as long, hexagonal, with the antero-lateral

borders strongly convex and smooth: the true postero-lateral border

is clothed with a strip of dense dark-coloured fur: there are also a few

scattered stiff hairs on the posterior part of the epibranchial regions.

The thoracic sinus is a simple cavity, deep, sharply defined an-

teriorly, containing a good many hairs and a line of tiny granules,

besides the row of 2 or 3 Jarger pearly granules (situated above the

base of the chelipeds) which define it ventrally.

The front is prominent, broader than long, concave in the mid-

dorsal line and distinctly bilobed.

The arm is markedly trigonal with the antero-external angle expanded,

its upper surface is bounded internally by a row of pearly tubercles,

externally by a row of pearly granules, and is otherwise smooth, except

for a few granules almost hidden in hair and a single larger tubercle

at its base. ‘The wrist is smooth and subglobular, with obscure traces

of carination along its outer surface. The hand is a little longer

than broad and has its outer edge strongly carinate, the carina being

continued on the mobile finger, where, however, it is less marked: the

little lobule at the base of the inner margin of the hand is beaded all

roundits edge. The fingers, which are not much shorter than the hand,

meet only at the tip, and have their opposed edges smooth throughout.

The legs are much compressed, and have the carpopodites strongly

carinate dotsally, the propodites strongly carinate dorsally and ventrally,

and the dactyli extremely slender and hardly as long as their propodites :

the meropodites also of the last pair are carinate dorsally.

Colours in spirit: porcelain white or pale yellow. M. A. Milne

Edwards describes the colours.as bright greenish grey with numerous

specks of orange red.

Besides a specimen from Upolu purchased from the Museum

1896.] A. Aleock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 229

Godeffroy, there are, in the Indian Museum collection two apparently

adult males dredged, one off the south coast of Ceylon in 34 fathoms, and

the other from the Persian Gulf.

The carapace of the latter is 85 millim. long and 8:5 millim. broad.

59. Leucosia hematosticta, Adams and White.

LTeucosia hematosticta, Adams and White, Zool. ‘Samarang,’ Crust. p. 54,

pl. xii. fig. 2: Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXTI. 1855, p. 289, and Cat. Leucos. Brit.

Mus. p. 8: Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1858, p. 160: Miers, P. Z. S.

1879, pp. 20 and 40: A, O. Walker. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XX. 1890, p. 111.

Carapace sharply hexagonal, elegantly urn-shaped, its breadth

equal to its length; its surface smooth except for a strip of thick short

harsh white fur, which extends from the lateral epibranchial angle along

the whole length of the true posterior border; its antero-lateval borders

slightly concave and smooth, or very faintly milled ; its trwe postero-

lateral border ending abruptly at the level of the base of the second

pair of legs (3rd pereiopods) ; its thickened milled epimeral edge, which

is continuous with the posterior margin and ends at a sharp tooth just

behind the base of the chelipeds, is visible, dorsally, in all its extent,

when the carapace is held, without any inclination, straight in front of

the observer’s eyes; its posterior margin perfectly straight, with the

outer angles well defined, and with the deflexed surface below it perfect-

ly smooth.

The thoracic sinus is a simple cavity, defined in front by the smooth,

very oblique, slightly convex edge of the pterygostomian plate: it is

more or less filled with hair and is devoid of granules large enough to

be seen with the naked eye.

The front is prominent, dorsally convex, much broader than long,

and has its sinuous front margin strongly deflexed.

The chelipeds in the adult male are about one half as long again

as the carapace. The upper surface of the trigonal arm has a single

line of tubercles along its inner border, and a partly-fused double row

along its outer border; at its base are some small tubercles hidden in

a well-defined patch of encrusting spongy pubescence, of a whitish

colour, from which two or three tubercles run forward to the inner

border. The ventral border of the arm is tubercular, the tubercles

arising somewhat profusely in a dense patch of spongy pubescence ; the

inner and under surfaces are quite smooth. The wrist is smooth, except

for one or two tiny granules along its inner edge. The hand is a little

longer than broad, its inner surface has a single row of granules, which

is continued some way along the immobile finger. ‘he fingers are

about as long as the hand, and are somewhat hairy: their opposed edges

230 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

are crenulate along the distal two-thirds, the crenulation being most

marked on the immobile finger. F

The legs have the meropodites compressed, and concave on the

ventral surface, the concavity being defined by two prominent longitudi-

nal lines of granulation ; the carpopodites dorsally subcarinate, but not

dilated ; the propodites carinate both dorsally and ventrally, but not

dilated ; and the dactyli narrowly lanceolate, and nearly as long as their

carpopodites and propodites combined.

The abdomen of the male consists of 4 pieces, the third piece haying

a strong tooth in the middle line: that of the female consists of only

3 pieces.

Colours in life and in spirit: front pinkish-grey ; the rest of the

carapace ivory white covered with roundish crimson spots, which may

be scattered, or may form a definite network: thoracic sterna, abdomi-

nal terga and external maxillipeds with similar spots ; and a few similar

but larger spots on the upper surface of all the joints of the chelipeds :

legs banded with crimson.

In the Museum collection are two adult males and a half-grown

female from the Madras side of Palk Straits, in 12 fms. and upwards.

The carapace of the largest male is 12°5 millim. long and 12°5

millim. broad.

60. Leucosia margaritata, A Milne Edwards.

Leucosia margaritata, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. X. 1874, p. 42,

pl. i. fig. 3. .

Differs from L. hematosticta, Ad. and Wh., only in the following

particulars :—

1. Its size is even smaller, the carapace in the adult of either sex

measuring only 8°5 millim. in length and 8°5 millim. in breadth.

2. The spongy pubescence on the base of the chelipeds, and the

fur along the postero-lateral edge of the carapace are coal-black.

3. The hepatic regions are indicated by faint bulgings above the

antero-lateral border.

4. The thoracic sinus is much shallower, being, in fact, almost

obsolete.

5. The upper surface of the arm is bounded both in front and

behind by two rows of pearly tubercles.

6. On the ventral surface of the basal joint of the external max-

illipeds there is a sharp stout tooth, and another on the ventral surface

of the ischium joint of the female,

7. Colours in spirit: old ivory white, the carapace and chelipeds

elegantly reticulated with bright reddish brown.

1896. ] A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 231

In the Indian Museum collection are two adult males and an adult

female laden with eggs. All came from an encrusted bottom of shells

and shingle; one from the Andamans, one from the Malabar coast at

26-31 fms., and one from the Coromandel coast at 18 fms.

61. Leucosia craniolaris, (Herbst.)

2? Cancer craniolaris, Linnzus, Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 431, and Syst. Nat., 12th ed.,

p- 1041.

Cancer craniolaris, Herbst, Krabben, I. ii. 90, pl. ii. fig. 17 ? and (?) Fabr. Ent.

Syst. If. 441.

Leucosia craniolaris, Fabr. Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 350: Leach, Zool. Misc, III.

p- 21: Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. IJ. 122: Bell, Trans. Linn. Soe.

1855, p. 283, and Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus. p.6: Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura,

p. 325, pl. xxvii. fig. 3: A. O. Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool, Vol. XX. 1890,

p. 111: J. R. Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. (2) V. 1893, p. 397.

Leucosia craniolaris, var. levimana, Miers, Zool. H. M.S. Alert, pp. 184 and 250,

pl. xxvi. fig. A.

Carapace rather sharply hexagonal, about six-sevenths as long as

broad: its surface perfectly smooth and devoid of hair: its antero-

lateral borders finely beaded, almost straight, and gradually converging

to join the sides of the truncate-triangular front without any abrupt

break: its true postero-lateral border beaded, the beading ending rather

abruptly at the level of the base of the first pair of legs (2nd pereio-

pods): its thickened milled epimeral edge, which is continuous with

the posterior margin and ends at a sharp tooth just behind the base of

the chelipeds, is visible, dorsally, in all its extent when the carapace

is held, without any inclination, straight in front of the observer’s eyes:

its posterior margin is almost straight and finely beaded, and the de-

flexed surface below it is covered with rows of sharp granules.

The thoracic sinus is a deep cavity full of hair, and—when denuded—

is devoid of any tubercles or granules visible to the naked eye: it is

bounded in front by the finely beaded, or milled, convex edge of the

pterygostomian plate, so as to end in two broad notches of nearly equal

size. The convexities of the hepatic regions are an indistinguishable

part of the general convexity of the carapace.

The front is prominent, dorsally convex, and truncate triangular ;

its length is less than its breadth ; and it ends in five prongs, the outer

of which on either side are the sharp external orbital angles, and the

middle one of which is by far the most prominent.

The ventral surface of the ischium of the external maxillipeds, in

the female, is strongly convex up to a strong terminal tooth.

The chelipeds, in the adult male, are two-thirds longer than the

carapace: the trigonal arm has beaded edges, the beading failing at the

distal end of the outer border, and being spread out and profuse at the

232 A. Aleock — Carcinoloyical Fauna of India. [No. 2,

proximal end of the ventral border: all the surfaces of the arm, how- .

ever, are practically smooth, for although there are a few small tubercles

at their proximal ends, these are covered and almost concealed by a

dense adherent encrusting spougy pubescence, which is specially well

marked on the upper surface. ‘lhe surface of the wrist is quite smooth,

except for two or three tiny granules along the inner edge of the upper

surface. The hand is nearly as broad as long, and its inner surface

is bounded by two prominent longitudinal rows of. sharp-cut bead-like

granules, which are continued some way along the immobile finger.

The fingers are nearly as long as the hand, and are stoutly denticulate

along the whole extent of their opposed edges.

The legs have the meropodites much compressed, those of the first

three pairs being sharply squared, with four sharp longitudinal lines

of granules, and those of the last pair being broadened aud carinated

ventrally as well as dorsally ; the carpopodites, in all, are compressed

and strongly carinate dorsally ; the propodites are compressed aud

strongly carinate both dorsally and ventrally; and the dactyli are

broadly lanceolate.

The abdomen, in the male, to external view, consists of only 3 dis-

tinct pieces, the second piece bearing a tiny denticle in the middle line.

Colours in spirit :.stone blue with indefinite longitudinal stripes of

darker hue ; chelipeds, above, livid purplish-blue ; legs yellowish.

The carapace of an adult male is 23 millim. long and 20 millim.

broad ; of an adult female, 21°5 millim. long and 19 millim. broad.

In the Museum collection are 2 adult males and 3 adult females

from the mouth of the R. Hooghly.

62. Leucosia vittata, Stimpson.

Leucosia vittata, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858, p. 159.

Differs from ZL. craniolaris, adults of both sexes being compared,

only in the following particulars :—

1. The antero-lateral borders are distinctly emarginate behind

the hepatic regions, the emargination being caused by the encroachment

of the outer limb of the thoracic sinus, and being plainly visible,

dorsally, when the carapace is held, without any inclination, straight

in front of the observer’s eyes.

2. The hand is very appreciably longer than broad, and the fingers

are every bit as long as the hand.

3. The colours in spirit are: carapace blackish blue, or nearly

black, with flame-coloured stripes; chelipeds from the distal fourth of

the arm to near the tips of the fingers, smoky flame-coloured on both

surfaces, as are also the legs; under surface of body ruddy brown.

1896. ] A. Aleock— Carecinological Fauna of India. 233

In size similar to L. craniolaris.

_ Two adult males, an adult female, and a young female from the

Andamans are in the Indian Museum collection.

In the young one the posterior margin of the carapace is perfectly

straight, with the outer angles dentiform.

63. Leucosia pubescens, Miers.

Leucosia pubescens, Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) I. 1875-79 (1877), p. 238,

pl. xxxviii. figs. 22-24: Haswell, P. L.8., N. S. Wales, Vol. 1V. 1879, p. 46, and

Cat. Austral. Crust. p. 119: de Man, Archiv. fiir Naturges. LIII.i. 1887, p. 390.

? Pseudophilyra hoedtii, de Man, Notes Leyden Mus. III. 1881, p. 125.

Pseudophilyra hoedtii, de Man, Journ, Linn. Soc. Zool. Vol. XXII. 1888, p. 198.

Differs from LZ. craniolaris Herbst, only in the following particu-

lars :—

1. The front is as long as broad, and its sides meet the antero-

lateral borders of the carapace at an angle.

2. The inflexed surface below the posterior margin of the dorsum

of the carapace is quite smooth.

3. The thoracic sinus, when denuded of its hair, is a shallow

cavity, and the edge of the pterygostomian region which bounds the

sinus anteriorly is thickened, smooth, and little convex.

4. The inner edge of the hand is almost devoid of granules.

5. The meropodites of the first three pairs of legs are rounded,

not sharply squared, and usually have only a single longitudinal row —

ventral in position-—of minute granules: those of the last pair, though

compressed, are not carinate, except that ventrally, about the middle,

they bear a serrated lobule.

6. The carpopodites of the legs are inflated and non-carinate, and

the propodites are but slightly carinate.

7. In fresh spirit specimens the carapace is light slate blue,

traversed longitudinally by four broken longitudinal stripes of greenish

brown which are so far continuous as to form a treble loop something

like an incomplete pair of spectacles or a rather fantastic U: the

chelipeds and legs with bands of yellowish brown, and the base of the

fingers yellowish brown. In old spirit specimens the markings are not

found on the carapace.

The carapace of an adult male is 18 millim. long and 15 millim.

broad, that of an adult female is 18°5 millim. by 15 millim.

In the Indian Museum collection are 3 adult males and 2 adult

females from the Madras Coast, two adult females and a young male

from the Persian Gulf, an adult and a half-crown male from the

Je 1/30

234 A. Alcock — Careinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

Andamans, and young males from Palk Straits, Mergui (and Hong-

kong).

The young male from Mergui has been named Pseudophilyra hoedtii

by Dr. de Man.

64. Leucosia truncata, nu. sp. Plate VI. fig, 6.

Differs from L. pubescens, ovigerous females compared, only in the

following characters :—

1. The front is broad and so extremely short that its free edge

does not project beyond, indeed barely projects as far as, the epistome.

2. The thoracic sinus is extremely shallow, but yet is a distiuct

sinus, with a row of minute granules above the base of the chelipeds.

3. The dactyli are palmulate.

4. A distinct line of sharp cut beads bounds the inner edge of the

wrist and of the hand.

Two adult (ovigerous) females from the Orissa coast. The coloura-

tion is exactly similar to that of L. pubescens, but darker.

The first specimen that I saw I regarded, after careful exami-

nation, as either a malformation of L. pubescens, or a specimen of L.

pubescens that had had its front broken and imperfectly repaired.

But a second ovigerous female of exactly similar form, from another

dredging station, now leads to the conclusion that, instead of being

malformations, these two specimens must represent either a new species

of the L. craniolaris and rhomboidalis type, or possibly may belong to

the L. porcellana of Fabricius, which de Man states definitely is a true

Leucosia.

At any rate the species here under consideration is a genuine Lew-

cosia, and not a Pseudophilyra or Philyra.

65. Leucosia rhomboidalis, De Haan.

Leucosia rhomboidalis, DeHaan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 134, pl. xxxiii. fig. 5:

Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 284, and Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus. p.

6: F. Muller, Verh. Ges. Basel, VIII. p. 472: A. Ortmann, Zool. Jahrbiich. Syst.

etc., VI. 1892, p. 586.

? Leucosia craniolaris, Desmarest, Consid. Gen. Crust., p. 167, pl. xxvii. fig. 2.

Leucosia maculata, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1858, p. 159.

Differs from DL. craniolaris Herbst, only in the following particulars,

adults of both sexes being compared :—

1. Its size is very much smaller: the carapace of the adult, in our

series of 23 specimens, is never more than 16 millim., and is usually

about 14 millim. long.

2. The front, which is as long as broad, has its sides subparallel

1896.] A. Aleock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 3 235

and hence forming a very abrupt angle with the antero-lateral borders of

the carapace: it ends in 3 teeth, of which the two outer are small and

deflexed and only the middle one islarge and prominent. As, also, the

external orbital angles are inconspicuous, the front, when examined

without a lens, seems to end ina single sharp point, as shown in De

Haan’s figure. .

3. The thoracic sinus, when denuded of its hair, is a shallow cavity,

and the edge of the pterygostomian region that forms its anterior

boundary is thickened, smooth, and almost straight.

4, The chelipeds of the adult male are less than half again as long

as the carapace.

5. The inner surface of the wrist is bounded both above and below

by a line of granules.

6. Colours in spirit: carapace and dorsal surface of chelipeds

blue-black; the carapace with two divergent crescents of dark red spots

in its anterior half, following the anterior boundary of the epibranchial

regions ; tips of arms hands and fingers sometimes nearly white, bases

of fingers sometimes yellow.

17 adults of both sexes (including females with eggs) from the

Coromandel coast in 13 to 28 fathoms, and an adult male and female

from the Andamans (besides 4 adults from Hongkong) are in the Indian

Museum collection.

66. Leucosia phyllochira, Bell.

, Leucosia phyllocheira, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 291, pl. xxxi. fig.

5, and Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus. p. 9.

This species has a piriform carapace, and is distinguished from all

its congeners by the following characters :—

1. The chelipeds are shorter than the carapace.

2. The arms have their upper surface much expanded.

3. The hands are broader than long, are foliaceous, and have both

their inner and outer edges strongly carinate.

A single small specimen from Palk Straits is in the Indian Museum

collection.

Onychomorpha, Stimpson.

Onychomorpha, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 1858, p. 162.

Carapace shaped much like a human nail, depressed, with all its

margins, behind the front, forming a continuous laminar brim, increasing

in breadth from before backwards and beneath which the true legs are

almost entirely concealed in flexion: the expansion of the posterior

236 oN Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

margin is particularly broad: the regions of the carapace are not

delimited. Front short, hardly projecting beyond the general outline of

the carapace, but projecting well beyond the edge of the buccal cavern.

Eyes minute: orbits with a long suture in the roof, and a small gap—

at the inner canthus, but complete and affording complete concealment

to the eyes: the floor of the orbit is closely appressed to tlie roof of the

buccal cavern. Antennules folding a little obliquely. Antenne ob-

solete.

Buccal cavern longer than broad: the exopodite of the external

maxillipeds is elongate, and not much broader than the endognath,

and has its outer edge a little curved: the acutely triangular merus of

the endognath projects beyond the exognath, and is much longer than

the ischium, measured along the inner edge,

The chelipeds, compared with the legs, are very massive: they

are depressed and laminar, and are about the same length as the cara-

pace: the fingers are stout, compressed, and very short.

The legs are slender and compressed, and when flexed are almost

entirely concealed beneath the expanded edge of the carapace.

67. Onychomorpha lamelligera, Stimpson.

Onychomorpha lamelligera, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858. p.

162: A. O. Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. XX. 1890 (1887), p. 111, pl. viii. fig. 3.

Carapace triangular with the sides slightly curved, a little longer

than broad ; depressed, laminar, and unguiform owing to the preponder-

ance of the broad laminar brim, to which the true carapace (the part

lodging the viscera) forms a low convex circular crown.

The surface of the carapace is smooth, without any indication of

regions: the edge of the brim is elegantly striated. The under surface

of the body is also quite smooth, except for the striations all round the

edge of the carapace.

The front is a little recurved upwards.

The chelipeds, in the female, are a very little longer than the

carapace: the arm is sharply trigonal, with the outer edge cristiform,

the edge of the crest being finely striated like the edge of the carapace:

the outer edge of the wrist is carinate, and a ridge traverses the upper

surface of the wrist: the hand is laminar with the edges sharp and

striated beneath a copious spongy pubescence; itis rather more than

half again as long as broad, and more than twice as long as the com-

pressed fingers.

The legs are short and slender, with the merus, carpus and propod-

ite carinated, and the dactylus almost filiform.

1896.] A. Aleock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 237

In the female all the segments of the abdomen except the last

appear to be fused together, although the first and second can be

recognized.

The carapace of an apparently adult female is 7 millim. long, and

6°5 millim. in greatest breadth.

A siugle female occurs in the collection of the Indian Museum, —

from Palk Straits.

Philyra, Leach.

Philyra, Leach, Zool. Miscell. III. p. 18.

Philyra, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 131.

Philyra, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc., Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 299, and Cat. Leucos. Brit.

Mas. p. 18.

Philyra, Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 320.

Philyra can be at once distinguished from Leucosia by the absence of a thoracic

sinus, and from Pseudophilyra by the fact that the front is broad and either not all

produced to form a Leucosia-like snout, or if so produced (as it is, to some extent,

in Philyra platychira) then the side-wall of either hepatic region forms an indepen-

dent marginal facet.

Carapace usually circular and somewhat depressed, with the epis-

tome projecting beyond the broad front; the dorsal surface of the

carapace is generally bounded by a continuous beaded line; the hepatic

and branchial regions usually fairly well defined by grooves or creases.

Buccal orifice transversely oblong, with the anterior angles broadly

rounded: the exognath broadly dilated, usually foliaceous, the outer

and anterior borders forming parts of one wide curve: the merus of

the endognath narrowly and acutely triangular, the length of its inner

border being not less, or not much less, than that of the inner border

of the broad ischium.

Orbits small and sunken, with two sutures in the upper and outer

wall,and a hiatus at the inner angle, where the minute antennal

flagellum stands. The antennules fold transversely.

Chelipeds symmetrical and, relatively to the legs, very massive ;

longer in the male—about twice the length of the carapace—than in

the female: true legs small.

The abdomen of the male consists of 3 or 4 pieces, that of the female

of 4.

[No. 2

A. Alcock —Carcinological Fauna of India.

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1896. } A. Aleock— Careinological Fauna of India. 239

68. Philyra scabriuscula, (Fabr.)

Seba, III. pl. xix. figs. 10, 11.

? Cancer cancellus, Herbst, Krabben, I. ii. 94, pl. ii. fie. 20.

Leucosia scabriuscula, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 349: Latreille, Hist,

Nat. Crust. et Ins. VI. 116.

Philyra scabriwscula, Leach, Zool. Miscell. Ill. p. 22: Meeniandar Consid.

Crust. p. 167: Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 132, pl. xx. figs. 9,10: Bell,

Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 299, and Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus. p. 14:

Heller, ‘Novara’ Crust. p. 70: de Man, Notes Leyden Mus. III. 1881, p. 126:

Lenz and Richters, Abh. Senck. Ges. XII. 1881, p. 425: Muller, Verh. Ges. Basel,

VIII. 1886. p. 473: de Man, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. KXII., 1888, p- 201:

J. R. Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 399.

The epistome and the subhepatic regions form a dorsally-flattened,

marginally-crenulate, rounded lobe, which is separated from the anterior

curve of the carapace by a groove and projects far beyond the front,

like the lower jaw of a bulldog.

The carapace is discoidal, with the margin beaded and the dorsal

surface very variably ornamented with vesicular granules visible to the

naked eye: these, however, never completely cover the carapace, and are

rarely altogether absent, but are generally confined to the outer part of

the branchial regions and to the branchio-cardiac grooves, which are

broadly defined. The hepatic regions also are defined, by a slight

marginal indentation and by a dorsal wrinkle.

The front is divided into two lobes by a deep broad groove, and the

roof of the orbit is deeply fissured, so that the external Sule angle is

acutely emphasized.

The edges of the thoracic sterna and the basal edge of the abdomen,

as well as the greater part of the pterygostomian regions, are ornament-

ed with polished granules; but the surface of the external maxillipeds

is perfectly smooth, except in the female, where there are traces of

granulation on the endopodite.

The chelipeds in the adult male are about 23, in the adult female

about 14, times the length of the carapace: the arms bear rows of

beadlike granules running along the upper and inner surfaces but

fading away distally ; the under surface of the arm is almost smooth:

the inner edge of the wrist has a single row, and the inner edge of the

hand several rows, of minute vesicular granules, which are hardly

visible to the naked eye even in the male, and are obsolescent in the

female. The hands are twice as long as broad: the fingers, although

they meet only at their extreme tip, are denticulate all along the

opposed edges; the mobile finger is nearly as long as the hand.

The legs are slender and smooth, except for a line of microscopic

granulation along the under surface of the meropodites.

240 A. Alcock— Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

The abdomen of the adult male consists of two linear and hidden

basal pieces, a triangular apical piece, and a long triangular middle

piece in which the division of the 6th tergum is marked by a faint

transverse groove.

The diameter of the carapace of the adult male is 12 to14 millim.,

of the adult female about 10 millim.

Colours in spirit: carapace mottled with dull brown and greenish

shades; chelipeds distinctly and legs indistinctly banded with dull

brown.

In the Indian Museum collection are 110 specimens from Tavyoy,

Mereui, Madras coast, Travancore coast, Karachi, Mekran coast, and

Persian Gulf.

1. A variety from Madras—represented by a single male—has the greater

part of the carapace covered with granules, four of which—one in the mid-gasiric,

one in the mid-cardiac, and one on either branchial region—are much enlarged ; and

has chelipeds a good deal less than twice the carapace in length.

2. A variety from the Nicobars—also represented by a single male—has the

whole carapace, except the front and the anterior limit of the gastric region, very

closely covered with large granules much as in the next species.

69. Philyra verrucosa, Henderson.

Philyra verrucosa, Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 399,

pl. xxxvil. figs. 10-12.

Differs from P. scabriuscula, (Fabr.), adults of both sexes being com-

pared, only in‘the following characters :—

1. The carapace is irregularly oval rather than discoidal, espe-

cially in the female, owing to the greater lateral bulging of the branchial

regions.

2. The whole dorsal surface of the carapace, except sometimes

the front, is closely covered with beadlike granules, which are larger

posteriorly, and one of which—somewhere near the middle—is usually

enlarged.

3. A slight transverse dorsal indentation separates the hepatic

from the branchial region on either side, but there is no independeat

dorsal bulging.of the latter.

4, The branchio-cardiac grooves are narrow and deep.

5, The front is divided into two lobes by a broad shallow groove:

the fissure in the roof of the orbit is indistinct, so that the external

orbital angle is not sharply pronounced.

6. The whole surface of all the thoracic sterna is closely beaded,

and the surface of the exopodite as well as of the outer half of the

endopodite of the external maxillipeds is granular.

1896. ] A. Aleock— Carcinological Fauna of India. 241

7. The chelipeds, in the adult male, are less than twice the’length

of the carapace: the distal end of the upper surface of the arm is

covered with granules, and the greater part of the under surface of the

arm is granular: the wrist and hand of the male have, along their inner

edge, a row of granules quite visible to the naked eye: the hand is only

half again as long as broad.

8. The size is a good deal smaller—the carapace of the adult male

being about 9 millim. long and 10 millim. broad, that of the adult

female being about 8 millim. long and 9 millim. broad.

9. Colours in spirit : dorsum blue-black, with a coppery tinge which

is most marked on the chelipeds.

12 adults (maie andfemale) from off Puri, 10 fathoms, from Mad-

ras, and from Karachi, are in the Indian Museum.

70. Philyra sexangula, n. sp. Plate VII. fig. 2.

The whole exoskeleton, excluding the tips of the fingers and

dactyli, is closely covered with a short close microscopic velvet-like

pubescence—both dorsally and ventrally.

Carapace as long as broad, sharply hexagonal, traversed fore and

aft byan interrupted median carina: the branchial regions are also

traversed obliquely backwards each by a carina which terminates on

either postero-lateral margin at a sharpeminence. The straight pos-

terior margin has its outer angles strongly dentiform. ©

The side wall of either hepatic region forms an independent facet,

which also involves the front and thus presents a condition intermediate

between that of P. platychira and P. scabriuscula.

The edge of the front is straight and bilobed, and the straight

edge of the epistome projects beyond it. There is a slight notch in the

edge of the epistome beneath the eye on either side.

The chelipeds in the adult male are nearly 23 times as long as

the carapace; their upper surface, from the base of the arm to the

finger cleft, is traversed by a sharp ridge; they are devoid of any

granules visible through the general velvet: the hand is twice as long

as broad, and the fingers are rather over two-thirds the length of the

hand and have their opposed edges finely denticulate and hairy: the

inner edge of the upper surface of the hand is traversed by a second

sharp ridge.

The legs are slender and compressed, the under edge of their pro-

podites and dactyli being fringed with long hairs.

The abdomen of the male appears to consist of only two pieces,

namely a small apical piece, and a long triangular plate in which the

6th tergum is marked off by a groove and bears a strong median tooth.

J. mu. 31

242 A. Aleock —Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

The diameter of the carapace of the male is 8 millim.

Colours uniform blackish brown everywhere above and below.

Loc. Godavari coast, Sacramento shoal, 6 fms., a single male: and

Persian Gulf, a male.

In the specimen from the Persian Gulf the surface of the carapace

beneath the velvet-like pubescence is uniformly punctulate in honey-

comb fashion ; and the edges of the carapace, the epibranchial carinz,

and the edges of the chelipeds and of their longitudinal ridge, as

also of the second ridge along the inner edge of the hand, are all evenly

granular. A near ally of this little species appears to be P. punctata,

Bell.

71. Philyra platychira, De Haan.

Philyra platychira De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 132, pl. xxxiii. fig. 6:

Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 300, and Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus. p. 15:

Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1858, p. 160: H. Nauck, Zeits. Wiss.

Zool. XXXIV. 1880, p. 49 (gastric teeth): Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 321:

de Man, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., XXII. 1888, p. 201: J. R. Henderson, Trans. Linn.

Soc. Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 400. ;

Philyra longimana, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. X. 1874, p. 43,

pl. il. fig. 4: Miers, ‘ Challenger ’ Brachyura, p. 321.

Carapace convex, subcircular, but pinched in to form an indepen-

dent marginal facet in either hepatic region : the circumference is beaded,

as also—but less distinctly —are the margins of the lateral hepatic

facets: the surface of the carapace, to the naked eye, is almost always

quite smooth: the branchio-cardiac grooves are distinct.

The edge of the front is almost straight and is broadly bilobed, the

whole of the epistome projects beyond it. The edge of the epistome is

deeply cleft just below the eye, on either side.

The thoracic sterna have the edges, and the first sternum the sur-

face also, beaded or granular.

The external maxillipeds have the surface smooth, and the edges

of certain of their segments finely and inconspicuously fringed as in

P. globosa (Fabr.), only the hairs on the inner edge of the endognath

of the female being conspicuous: the distal segment of the exognath

is less dilated than in any other Indian species.

The chelipeds in the adult male are 25 times, in the adult female

14 times, the length of the carapace: the arms have a few rather distant

small vesicular granules on the basal third of, and also along the inner

border of, the upper surface, and on the base and along the lower border

of the inner surface, besides other tiny granules only visible with a lens:

the surfaces of the wrist and hand are smooth. The hand is thin—

1896. ] A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 243

almost lamellar—with sharp edges, the inner of which is finely crenu-

jate ; in the adult male its length is nearly three times its breadth. The

fingers, which are not as long as the hand, are also very thin and lamel-

lar, and are elegantly curved: their opposed edges are sharp and entire,

the cutting edge of the immobile finger being rather thickly fringed

with hair.

The legs are slender and smooth, except for a line of tiny granules

along the under surface of the meropodites.

The abdomen of the male consists of a single linear and concealed

basal piece and a small triangular terminal piece, and, between the two,

a long smooth triangular piece, whichis bilobed and granular at base

and has the sixth tergum demarcated by a deep groove.

The colour in spirit is uniform coppery.

The carapace ef the adult male is 13 or 14 millims. in either

diameter, that of the female 12 or 13.

In the Indian Museum collection are 40 specimens, adults and

young of both sexes, from the Andamans, Mergui, Karachi, and the

Persian Gulf,

The Persian Gulf specimens, which are quite adult, have the dorsal surface

much mottled with green and brown, and the immobile finger denticulate beyond

the line ef hair.

72. Philyra globosa, Fabr., de Man.

Philyra globosa, de Man, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XXII. 1888, p. 202: only

that part referring to Fabricius’ female type and to the Mergui specimens. This re-

ference is placed first because Dr. de Man has examined Fabricius’ types, male and

female, of P. globosa, and the species here under consideration corresponds with

Fabricius’ female type as re-described by de Man.

?? Ramph, Amboin. Rariteitk. pl. x. fig. D.

Cancer globosus, Fabr., Sp. Insect. I. 497 and Ent. Syst. II. 441.

? Cancer globus, Herbst, Krabken, I. ii. 90.

Leucosia globosa, Fabr. Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 349: Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et

anew LV.

? Philyra globosa, Leach, Zool. Miscell. ILI. 22 (reference to male); and (? )

Desmarest, Censid. Crust. p. 168.

? Cancer porcellanus, Herbst, Krabben I. ui. 92 (nec syn.}, pl. ii. fig. 18.

Philyra porcellana, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 1383: Bell, Trans.

Linn. Soc. Vol. XXL. 1855, p. 300, and Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus. p. 14 (nec syn.)

Philyra polita, Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 401,

pl. xxxviii. figs, 1-3.

The whole exoskeleton (when not incrusted with Hydrozoa, &c.,

as 1t commonly is) has, to the naked eye, the appearance of glazed porce-

lain, although when examined with a lens it is minutely punctulate and

granular.

24.4, A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

The carapace 1s subcircular, the anterior portion being an are of a

smaller circle than the posterior ; its dorsum is defined all round, behind

the hardly at all pubescent front, by a line of fine beads all of equal size.

The epistome projects well beyond the edge of the front, which is

deflexed, the deflexed portion being slightly acuminate downwards in the

middle line.

None of the regions of the carapace are in any way defined.

The thoracic sterna and the base of the abdomen are bordered by

granules, which are flattened and depressed.

The surface of the external maxillipeds is quite devoid of hair,

though the edges of the exopodite have a fringe of exceedingly short

hair, and the inner edge of the endopodite is, in the female, fringed

with hair that is somewhat longer. The expanded exopodite is very

broad anteriorly and has the inner edge quite straight (not curved).

The chelipeds in the adult male are a little more than twice the

length, in the adult female about 1} times the length, of the carapace.

The arms are covered with close-set flattened pearly granules on the

upper surface except near the tip, on the whole of the inner surface,

and on the basal half or third of the under surface. The wrist and

hand are quite smooth, and only very occasionally in old males the

inner surface of the hand is, under the lens, but not to the naked eye,

roughened. The hand in both sexes is a little more than half again as

long as broad, and is not inflated.

The fingers have much the same form in both sexes: they are

almost in the same straight line with the hand ; they meet closely only

at tip, although they are faintly denticulate along the greater part of

their extent; they do not, in the male, bear any enlarged dentiform

tubercle ; and the length of the dactylus is hardly greater than that

of the outer border of the hand.

The true legs are not much longer than the male arm ; their mero-

podites have every surface quite smooth, their propodites are bluntly

carinate, and their dactyli lanceolate.

The abdomen of the male consists of two linear basal pieces and a

triangular apical piece, and, between the two, a long narrow triangular

plate which has no median denticle and is divided by a transverse

groove of no great depth.

Colours in spirit: smoky bluish brown above, the blue deepest on

the carapace.

The diameter of the carapace of the adult male does not exceed 20

millim., that of the adult female does not exceed 17 to 18 millim.

In the Indian Museum collection are 110 specimens, both young -

and adult, of both sexes, from the Hast coast, from the mouth of the

Hooghly to Madras —and also from Karachi.

1896. ] A. Aleock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 245

Besides these there are 4 specimens (two males more than half-grown, a

younger male, and one very young specimen) from Mereui. These have been com-

pared by Dr. de Man with Fabricius’ ty pes of P. glohosa from the Kiel Museum, and

are stated by him to agree with Fabricius’ female type.

They do not however, as Dr. de Man appears to suspect, agree with Fabricius’

male type, and this involves a delicate question of synonymy.

From Dr. de Man’s description it is evident that Fabricius’ male is a species

quite distinct from his female: asa matter of fact it appears to be the species

named by Milne Hdwards—and named probably with foresight—P. globulosa.

It seems therefore preferable to apply Milne Edwards name, P. globulosa, to

Fabricius’ male type, and to leave the name P. globosa in possession of Fabricias’

female type.

The only other alternative is to make use of Dr. Henderson’s name P. polita for

Fabricius’ female, and to let P. globosa stand for Fabricius’ male. But this, I think,

would be a little unjust to Dr. de Man, upon whose prior work the present attempt

to clear up the confusion between the two species is based, and a little wanting in

respect to the memory of the founder of modern carcinology.

73. Philyra globulosa, Edw.

2? Cancer anatwm, Herbst, Krabben, I. ii. 98, pl. ii. fig. 19.

Philyra globulosa, Milne Edwards, Cuvier Régne An. Crust. pl. xxiv. fig. 4,

and Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 132 (nec syn.): Bell, Trang. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI.

1855, p. 300, and Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus. p. 14 (nec syn.)

? Philyra globosa, Leach, Zool. Miscell. III. p. 22 (female only): ? Desmarest,

Consid. Crust. p. 168 (part).

Philyra globosa, de Man, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XXII. 1888, p. 203:

only that part relating to Fabricius’ male type, and not the part relating to Fabricius’

female type and to the Mergui specimens.

? Philyra heterograna, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrbuch. Syst. etc. VI. 1892, p.582,

pl. xxvi. fig. 17, (half-grown male).

The whole exoskeleton (when not incrusted with Hydrozoa &c.,

as it rarely is) has the somewhat greasy look and feel of unglazed

porcelain, except the legs and-abdomen, which are polished.

The carapace is circular, its dorsum is defined all round, behind the

hairy front, by a line of granules, some of which, at fairly regular in-

tervals, are much enlarged and may even, in young specimens, form

distinct denticles.

The epistome can be scarcely said to project beyond the front,

since only the inner angles of the afferent branchial canals do so.

The edge of the front is emarginate in the middle line, so as to

make the front, when denuded of hair, broadly bilobed.

An indentation of the margin of the carapace separates the hepatic

from the branchial regions, and a broad groove separates the branchial

regions from the cardiac and intestinal regions, on either side.

A band of granules visible to the naked eye is always found

246 A. Aleock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

on either pterygostomian region, bounding the buccal cavern; and

almost always in females and young males, and often but by no means

always in adult males, the hepatic regions and the outer and post-

erlor parts of the epibranchial regions are distinctly granular to the

naked eye.

The exposed parts of the thoracic sterna are more or less covered

with granules, and there are granules on the base of the abdomen.

But the greater part of the abdomen, in contrast with the sternum, is

polished.

The edges of the maxillipeds are hairy in the same manner as, but

much more coarsely than, those of P. globosa Fabr., and the surface

also is in large part covered with hair: the foliaceous exopodite has

an elegantly oval shape, owing to the fact that its inner edge is curved

and enters the common curve of the outer and anterior edges without

any abrupt transition. —

The chelipeds in the adult male are a little more than twice the

length, in the female only about J} times the length, of the carapace.

The arms bear numerous sharpish granules (speaking of those visible

to the unaided eye alone) on the basal third (male) or basal half

(female) of the upper surface, all along both the inner and outer borders

of the upper surface, and on the basal third and inner border of the

lower surface. The wrist has a row of granules along the upper border

of its upper surface, and commonly also along the under border of the

same surface; and the inner surface of the hand is defined above by a

row of prominent granules, and below by several lines of smaller

granules —all continued on to the base of the immobile finger, and all

‘being very much less distinct in the female than in the male.

The fingers are fluted, with the outer borders granular at base.

The hand in the female is hardly longer, and in the male is only

about one-fifth longer, than broad, and is considerably inflated. The

fingers differ considerably according to sex, but both sexes agree in

having the dactylus very markedly longer than the outer border

of the hand, in the male they are bent inwards at an angle of about

145° with the hand, and the edge of the basal half of the dactylus

is a good deal hollowed to make room for a strong dentiform tubercle

on the opposed edge of the immobile finger ; and it is only beyond this

tubercle and its corresponding hollow that the fingers are denticulate:

in the female the fingers are not bent inwards strongly, and their

opposed edges are unbroken, and are denticulate in the greater part of

their extent.

The true legs resemble those of P. globosa, except that (1) the

under surface of the meropodites is granular—a line of granules on

1896. ] A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 247

the first pair, in the male only, being much enlarged, and (2) that the

dactyli are distinctly palmulate.

The abdomen of the male consists of a single linear basal piece

and a triangular apical piece, and, between the two, a long triangular

plate which is divided in its distal fourth by a deep transverse groove,

the piece so cut off bearing a median denticle in its distal half.

Colours in spirit: light yellowish-pinkish-brown to coppery, with

a bluish tinge over a large part of the dorsum of the carapace.

The diameter of the carapace of the adult male is 29 to 30 millim.,

that of the adult female 22 to 24 millim.

In the Indian Museum collection there are 160 specimens collected

allalong the Hast coast, from the mouth of the Hooghly to Point

Calimere, and on the coasts of Travancore, the Andamans, and the

Persian Gulf.

74. Philyra corallicola, u. sp. Plate VII. fig. 1.

Carapace perfectly circular, convex: the hepatic regions form a

pair of distinct dorsal swellings, and the branchial regions are separated.

from the median regions by deepish grooves : the summits of the hepatic

regions, the posterior part of the gastric region, and the convexities of

all the other regions are closely covered with vesiculous granules like

those of P. verrucosa, but the grooves and hollows of the carapace are

quite smooth. The front is divided longitudinally, from edge to base,

into two tumid lobes by a deepish groove: its edge is straight and the

tips of the mouth-parts can only just be seen beyond it in a dorsal view.

The entire margin of the carapace is finely evenly and sharply crenulate.

The sternum and convexities of the pterygostomian regions ave finely

granular, as are also the outer and distal parts of the external maxil-

lipeds.

The external maxillipeds are shaped as in P. globulosa, Edw.

The chelipeds in the male are about 1{ times the length of the

carapace: the arm is closely covered, everywhere except on a dis-

tal patch of the inner surface, with vesiculous granules, which are

largest on the upper surface: the wrist and hand are finely granular;

there is a raised row of granules on the outer edge of the wrist,

which becomes a granular crest on the outer edge of the hand;

and there are two raised rows of granules along the inner surface of the

hand: the fingers are about as long as the hand. The abdomen of the

male consists of 3 pieces, the broad base of the long triangular second

piece being granular: at the distal end of the second piece is a stout

denticle.

248 A. Aleock— Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

Diameter of the carapace of an apparently adult male, 6 millim.

Loc. off Malabar Coast, 29 fms. on a bottom of “hard flat coral

slabs ” (Alfred Carpenter ).

At first sight this species resembles P. verrucosa, Henderson, from

which it is easily distinguished on close examination.

Pseudophilyra, Miers,

Pseudophilyra, Miers, P. Z. 8., 1879, p. 40.

Of the small forms grouped together in the genus Pseudophilyra some present

the greatest resemblance to the smaller species of Leucosia, and others to the

smaller species of Philyra. All, however, may be distinguished from Leucosia

by the absence of any trace of a “thoracic sinus”; and all may be distinguished

from any Indian species of Philyra by the following characters:—(1) either the

whole free edge of the front, or at least the tip of its median tooth, projects beyond

the level of the epistome; (2) the buccal cavity is either longer than broad and

shaped as in Leucosia, or only a very little broader than long; (3) the exognath

of the external maxillipeds is never broadened, and never has the onter and

anterior borders forming one unbroken sweep ; (4) the front has always the

form of a distinct snout, convex, and pinched off, at base, from the hepatic regions.

Now in the only Inaian species of Philyrain which this to some extent occurs,

the side wall of either hepatic region forms an independent marginal facet to

the carapace—a thing never seen in Pseudophilyra.

The whole exoskeleton porcellanous.

Carapace subcircular or subpiriform, convex, with the regions

usually not defined ; produced in front to form a short upturned snout,

similar in all its relations except length to that of Leucosia. The

carapace is defined all round behind the front by a continuous raised

and usually beaded line: its epimeral edge is not appreciably thickened,

and is not approximated to the true lateral margin, so that there is

no infolding of the lateral wall of the carapace or “ thoracic sinus ”

nor is the epimeral edge of the carapace continuous with the line that

defines the dorsum of the carapace posteriorly, as it is in Leucosia.

The buccal cavern is truncate-triangular: its length is usually

greater than, but sometimes slightly less than its greatest breadth :

the outer margin of the exognath meets the anterior margin abruptly,

the exognath not being dilated.

The chelipeds are symmetrical and, relatively to the legs, very

massive: in the male they are nearly twice the length of the carapace:

a large part of the surface of the arms is ornamented with beadlike

and vesicular granules: the hands are broad, but usually not so broad

as long: the fingers are usually somewhere about the same length as

the hand.

The abdomen of the male usually consists of 4 pieces, but the two

1896.]

basal pieces are usually linear and hidden.

A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 249

consists of 3 or 4 pieces.

RE.

Ill.

The abdomen of the female

Key to the Indian species of Pseudophilyra.

Front tridentate, the whole of its free edge

projecting well beyond the epistome:

carapace strongly convex: buccal cavern

elongate, truncate-triangular, quite as in

Leucosia :—

1. Carapace closely and coarsely punc-

tulate: hepatic regions defined:

thoracic sterna of male normal ......

2. Carapace smooth and polished: third

thoracic sternum of male with two

processes or teeth,—one on either

side of the abdomen :—

i. Hepatic regions defined: hands

longer than broad: processes

of third thoracic sternum stout,

and projecting only on to the

second sternum Spdooneud

ui. Hepatic regions not defined :

hands as broad as long: pro-

cesses of third thoracic ster-

num laminar, and projecting

well on to the first sternum ...

Front divided almost from the base by a

deep longitudinal groove, its free edge

straight and projecting just beyond the

epistome: carapace strongly convex,

with most of the regions well defined and

tumid ; the branchial, cardiac, post-gastric,

and to a less extent the hepatic regions

are, at any rate in the male, conspicuously

granular in their tumid portion: buccal

cavern a little broader than long ............

Front with a single median tooth, the tip

of which alone projects beyond the epis-

tome: carapace moderately convex, with

the hepatic regions defined: buccal cavern

A MIGUCTAS DLOAM cs saonetaraneensudecssinatecerieds

J. u. 32

P. tridentata.

P. pusilla.

P. wood-masont.

P. blanfordi.

P. melita.

250 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

75. Pseudophilyra tridentata, Miers.

Pseudophilyra tridentata, Miers, P. Z. S. 1879. pp. 20, 41, pl. ii. fig. 4.

Carapace subpiriform, its dorsum coarsely closely and uniformly

punctulate everywhere except near the tip of the front, and defined all

round behind the antero-lateral margins by a minutely-beaded line.

The front projects well beyond the margin of the buccal cavern

and ends in three laminar teeth, the middle one of which is much the

largest. The external orbital angles are acute, but do not reach the

level of the frontal teeth. Posteriorly the frontal region extends

straight backwards, between the hepatic regions, as a ridge, which is

particularly conspicuous in the male. On either side of this ridge the

hepatic regions are much depressed, but behind the depressions they

form distinct mamillary elevations.

In the male the anterior and lateral margins of the sternum are

indistinctly punctate, and the edges of the fossa in the first segment

that lodges the tip of the abdomen are very finely beaded: in the female

only the front border of the sternum is punctulate.

The chelipeds in the adult male are about 13 times the length of

the carapace: the upper surface of the arm is irregularly granular in

its basal half, punctulate in its distal half; the imner surface is covered

with tiny vesicular granules in its basal half, the under surface is

smooth : the wrist and hand are smooth, the hand about half as long

again as broad: the fingers, which are as long as the hand is broad,

meet only at tip and have the opposed edges almost smooth.

The first pair of true legs exceed the arms in length by almost the

last two joints.

The male abdomen is narrow and triangular and consists of 4

pieces, but the two proximal pieces are linear and concealed: the long

third piece has a median tooth near the distal end.

The carapace of the male measures 10 by 8 millim., that of the

female 11:5 by 10 millim.

Colours in spirit: pinkish grey mottled with reddish and yellowish

brown; spotted cross-bands of brown on arms and hands, and a cross-

band of reddish brown on the fingers.

In the Indian Museum collection are two adult males and four

adult females from the Persian Gulf.

76. Pseudophilyra wood-masoni, n. sp. Plate VI. fig. 3.

Carapace subpiriform, perfectly smooth and polished, its dorsum

defined all round behind the hepatic regions by a faintly raised, smooth

(microscopically granular) line.

1896. ] A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 251

The front projects beyond the margin of the buccal cavern and —

ends in three teeth of nearly equal size, but it is not prolonged back-

wards as a ridge between the hepatic regions. The external orbital

azgles are not acute.

The hepatic regions have no convexity distinct from the general

convexity of the carapace.

In the male the third thoracic sternal seement is produced, on

either side of the abdomen, to form a laminar tooth which projects

forwards, across the second segment, well on to the first. And the

margins of the fossa in which the tip of the abdomen is lodged are

finely beaded.

The chelipeds in the adult male are twice the length of the cara-

pace, and are exceptionally massive—the arm being between a half

and a third as broad as long: the arm has its inner border and proxim-

al half of upper surface beaded, its inner surface completely covered

with vesicular granules, and its under surface smooth: the wrist and

“hand are quite smooth, the hand of the adult male being as broad as

long: the fingers are stout, as long as the hand, and meet only at tip:

the dactylus in the male has one of its teeth—situated near the

middle—of very conspicuous size; the fingers in the female are without

teeth.

The true legs exceed the arm in length almost by their last two

joints.

The male abdomen resembles that of the last species, and its long

second piece has a stout tooth at its extreme distal end.

The carapace of the male measures 7°5 by 6°5 millim., that of the

female 8 by 7 millim.

Colours in spirit: uniform yellowish pinkish brown.

In the Indian Museum collection are 2 males (one adult) and 6

females (four ovigerous) from the Andamans, and an adult male from

off Cape Comorin, 39 fathoms.

77. Pseudophilyra pusilla, Henderson.

Pseudophilyra pusilla, Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. (2) V. 1893, p. 398,

pl. xxxvii. figs. 13-15.

Differs from Pseudophilyra wood-masont in the following particulars

only :— .

1. Its size is even more diminutive, the carapace of the largest

malein the Indian Museum—an undoubted adult—measuring 6 by 5

millim.

2, The edge of the front is straight, slightly deflexed and concave

in the middle line, this deflexed portion being again produced horizon-

252 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

tally forwards as a median tooth. Posteriorly a faint carina runs

straight backwards from the front, separating the hepatic regions, much

as in P. tridentata.

8. The tooth on the third thoracic sternum, on either side of

the abdomen, though more outstanding, is much shorter, projecting

forwards only about halfway across the second sternum.

4. The chelipeds of the adult male are not more massive than

usual, the arms being only about a quarter as broad as long, and

the hands being more than half again as long as broad.

5. The fingers in the adult male, as in the female, are almost

smooth, and there is no big tooth near the middle of the mobile finger.

6. There is but the faintest trace of a denticle on the male abdomen,

in the middle line.

7. The colours are altogether different, even in a specimen that

has been over 20 years in spirit in the same bottle with specimens of

P. wood-masoni.

In good spirit specimens the dorsal surface is light grey with

elegantly speckled markings of various shades of greenish and yellowish

brown, as follows:—a band across the tip of the front: a V-shaped

collar at base of front: a crescent on either branchial region, joining a

stripe down the middle of the postgastric and cardiac regions, the whole

looking like a scorpion with extended chele: a broad band across

middie of arm and anarrow band across distal end of arm: a broad

band across middle of hand, and a narrow stripe along both fingers.

The ventral surface of the external maxillipeds and the tip of the

abdomen closely speckled and mottled with dark brown.

Locality — Andamans, whence the Indian Museum collection has 3

adult males.

The foregoing three species have more the general facies of

Leucosia than of Philyra.

78. Pseudophilyra blanfordi, n. sp. Plate VI. fig. 7.

Carapace circular, its dorsal surface defined all round behind the

eyes by a finely beaded line; its regions are tumid and well demarcated,

the tumid surfaces being very distinctly granular (excepting the front

part of the gastric region) in the male, but in the female more punctate

than granular. The front is distinctly pinched off at base from the

hepatic regions, as in all the species of Leucosia except L. truncata, and

as in all other species of Pseudophilyra: it is divided into two rather

tumid lobes by a longitudinal groove that extends almost to its base: its

anterior edge is straight, and projects just beyond the edge of the

epistome.

1896. | A. Aleock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 253

In the male the whole surface of the sternum, except the seg-

ment belonging to the external maxillipeds, as also the ptery-

gostomian region and extreme base of abdomen, is finely beaded, and

the surface of the exognath is granular: in the female the outer border

of the endognath also is granular, and the basal abdominal terga.

The exognath is not dilated in any part, and the buccal cavern is

narrowed in front and is at least as long as broad.

The chelipeds in the male are less than twice, though more than

15 times, the length of the carapace; in the adult female they

are not much longer than the carapace. The arms are cylin-

drical and are roughly granular everywhere except a very small part

of the under and of the inner surface. The upper surfaces of the

wrist and hand are slightly granular along the inner half. The

hand is not greatly longer than broad. The fingers are as long

as the hand, and are strongly bent inwards, much as in Philyra

globulosa, Edw. On the immobile finger in the male there is a strong

tooth, and on the opposed edge of the mobile finger a notch, beyond

which the opposed edges are denticulate.

The abdomen of the male consists of 3 pieces, including a linear

basal piece and a small apical piece : on the large middle piece the 6th

tergum is marked by a shallow groove, and bears a stout median tooth

at its distal border.

Diameter of carapace< of male between 7 and 8 millim., of female

the same.

Two males and four ovigerous females from the Mekran Coast,

25 fathoms.

This little species bears a considerable resemblance to Philyra

adamsit, Bell; but may be distinguished by its perfectly circular and

strongly convex carapace, by its short chelipeds, and by the stout tooth

on the abdomen of the male.

79. Pseudophilyra melita, de Man.

Pseudophilyra melita, de Man, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., Vol. XXII. 1888, p. 199:

J. R. Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 397.

Carapace in the adult almost circular, moderately convex; its

dorsal surface defined all round, behind the front, by an elegantly

beaded line; its surface, to the naked eye, smooth and polished.

The ee natic regions are defined by a slight dorsal acuminate

bulge, or wrinkle.

The anterior margin of the front, which does not reach the level of

the anterior margin of the buccal cavern, is concave and deflexed in

the middle line, so as to appear somewhat bilobed, but the deflexed

254 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

concave portion is horizontally produced to form an acute tooth, the tip

of which projects beyond the margin of the buccal cavern.

In the male the sternum is elegantly beaded along the anterior

and lateral borders, and round the line of contact with the tip of the

abdomen : in the female only the anterior border is beaded.

The chelipeds in the adult male are nearly twice the length of the

carapace: the arms are cylindrical, and have the upper surface in its

proximal half or two-thirds beaded in longitudinal lines; the under

surface is granular, except at the distal end and along the outer border:

wrist smooth: hand half again as long as broad in the adult male, about

twice as long as broad in the female; its inner surface, in old males only,

with numerous vesicular granules : fingers in both sexes as long as the

hand is broad, meeting only at tips, and having the opposed edges dis-

tantly and inconspicuously dentate.

The first pair of true legs exceed the arm in length by their

dactylus.

The abdomen of the male is narrowly triangalar, and is devoid of

any median denticle: it consists of 5 pieces, but the joint between the

srd and 4th pieces is rigid.

The carapace of the male is 11 millim. long and 10 millim. broad ;

that of the female is slightly larger.

Colours in spirit: pearly grey with numerous darker mottled

markings. The confluent gastric and cardiac regions are defined by a

brown line, which forms with an ill defined ring of the same colour on

either branchial region a pair of spectacles ; the hepatic regions edged

with brown: broad cross-bands of brown across middle of arm, base of

hand, and middle of fingers; wrist brown: legs with yellowish brown

cross-bands.

Common along Coromandel coast. Also from Mergui.

This species has more the facies of Philyra than otf Leucosia.

iMoradles, Bell.

Myrodes, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855 p. 298, and Cat. Leucos. Brit.

Mus. p. 13.

Myrodes, Miers, ‘ Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 297.

Closely resembles Myra in all details of form, but differs conspicu-

ously in the following characters :—

(1) the chelipeds are much shorter, their length being hardly 13

times that of the carapace :

(2) the hands are not ; longer than broad and are inflated and

subglobular :

(3) the fingers are much longer than the hand, are extremely

slender and not much compressed, and are of about the same diameter

1896. | A. Aleock — Carcinological Fauna of India. - 255

from their base to near their hook-like tip: the tip of the dactylus:

moves through an arc of over 120°.

(4) the merus of the external maxillipeds is hardly more than

half the length of the ischium measured along its inner border.

80. Myrodes eudactylus, Bell.

Myrodes eudactylus, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 299, pl. xxxii.

fic. 6, and Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus. p. 18.

Myra eudactyla, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. X. 1874, p. 46, pl. iii.

fig. 3: Haswell, Cat. Austral. Crust. p. 128.

Myrodes gigas, Haswell, P. L. S., N. S. Wales, Vol. IV. 1880, p. 52, pl. v. fig. 5.

Myrodes eudactylus, Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura p. 298: A. Ortmann, Zool.

Jahrbuch., Syst. etc., VI. 1892, p. 576.

Carapace convex, longitudinally-ovoidal, with a carina—indistinct

or obsolete in large adults—down the middle line; its surface generally

smooth to the naked eye in large adults, but with numerous scattered

bead-like granules in the young; its short posterior margin with a

petaloid tooth at either end, and overhung in the middle line by a

horizontal recurved spine; its lateral margins defined by a finely-

beaded line.

The front is truncated and broadly bidentate, and the subhepatic

region forms an independent facet, the raised pterygostomian edge of

which ends posteriorly at a sharp tooth. Between the hepatic and

branchial regions, on either side, is a shallow notch which is in con-

tinuity with a longitudinal groove in the side wall of the carapace.

The external maxillipeds are closely scabrous, especially distally.

The chelipeds are hardly 13 times the length of the carapace (with-

out spine), and though generally smooth to the naked eye in the adult,

have, in the young, the base of the arm, the outer edge of the wrist,

hand and dactylus, and the inner two-thirds of the upper surface of the

hand finely but distinctly granular: the arm is subtrigonal, and the

hand subglobular but much smaller at the distal end than at the base:

the fingers are slender and hook-like, much longer than the hand, finely

granular, of almost the same diameter from the base to the hook-like

tip, and are armed on the opposed edges with fine teeth with larger

lancet-like teeth at distant intervals: the movable finger opens in a

horizontal plane, but it moves through an arc of between 120° and 130°.

The legs are slender, and have both edges of the dactylus, and the

dorsad edge of the propodite, fringed with close shortish stiffish

hairs.

The abdomen of the male is four-jointed, the penultimate piece

carrying a subterminal denticle: that of the female consists of 5 separate

pieces.

256 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

Numerous specimens—adults and young of both sexes—from the

Andamans.

Iphiculus, Adams and White.

Iphiculus, Adams and White, ‘Samarang’ Crustacea p. 57.

The whole body and its appendages, except only the fingers, covered

with a dense spongy or woolly tomentum, beneath which, when dennu-

ded, the surface is rough granulous or pustulous, and beneath which the

regions of the carapace—especially the cardiac and intestinal—are de-

marcated by grooves.

Carapace transversely somewhat oval, its lateral margins spinate.

The front is narrow and is sunk behind the level of the edge of the

buccal cavern, and appears still more sunken because the hepatic and

sub-hepatic regions are puffed out beyond it at the sides and in front.

The orbits are obliquely elongate and completely conceal the eyes,

in the denuded carapace three sutures can be made out in the emargin-

ate roof. There is a gap at the inner canthus in which stands the basal

joint of the antenna, the largish flagellum of which appears to be inside

the orbit. The antennules fold very obliquely. There is a broad

vertical space between the lower edge of the orbit and the edge of the

buccal cavern.

The buccal cavern is triangular: the merus of the external max-

illipeds is half the length of the ischium measured along the inner

border.

The chelipeds are about 13 the length of the carapace: the hand

is short and globular: the fingers are slender and hook-like, much

longer than the hand, and open in a somewhat oblique plane, the tip of

the mobile finger moving easily through an arc of 120°. Legs rather

large.

Abdomen of male with the 3rd and 4th segments fused: that of

the female with all the segments distinct. :

81. Iphiculus spongiosus, Adams and White.

Iphiculus spongiosus, Adams and White, ‘Samarang’ Crustacea, p. 57, pl. xiii.

fig. 5: Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1858, p. 161: Miers, Zool. H. M.S.

‘ Alert’ pp. 185, 253.

Carapace convex, transversely ovoidal, much broader than long,

the surface when denuded of its woolly covering granulous with numer-

ous larger pustulous tubercles, and showing the cardiac and intestinal

regions tumid and very well demarcated by grooves. On the antero-

lateral margins are four large coarse close spines, increasing in size from

before backwards ; on the postero-lateral margins are two coarse denti-

form tubercles separated by a wide interval.

—— ~

1896. ] A. Aleock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 257

The broad front is coarsely bilobed: there is a strong tooth at the

outer angle of the orbit against which the retracted eye impinges, and.

another at the outer angle of the buccal cavern, on either side—only

visible on the denuded carapace.

Except that they are densely tomentose up to the base of the

fingers, and that the fingers are even more slender, the chelipeds are

a repetition of those of Myrodes.

In the Indian Museum are numerous specimens, from the Anda-

mans, the Mekran Coast, and from the Bay of Bengal up to 65 fms.

Pariphiculus, n. gen.

Closely allied to Iphiculus, but differing in several important char-

acters and in the whole form of the carapace. The appendages are

as densely tomentose as in Iphiculus, but the carapace is covered with

a finer and sparser tomentum which does not quite conceal the texture

of the surface.

The carapace is circular and globular, with its margins coarsely

spinate, and its surface vesiculous: the intestinal region is very dis-

tinctly isolated, but the other regions are almost lost in the general

convexity of the carapace.

The front is narrow: in one species it projects as a distinct snout,

in the other the angle of the afferent branchial canal can be seen

beyond it in a dorsal view, but the whole mouth can never be seen

beyond it as it can in Iphiculus.

The orbits are obliquely elongate and completely conceal the eyes :

two distinct fissures are plainly visible in the emarginate roof besides

a fissure in the lower part, and there is a gap at the inner canthus

where the basal joint of the antenna—the flagellum of which is large—

stands. The antennules fold very obliquely. There is a space of

varying width between the edge of the orbit and the edge of the

buccal cavern.

The buccal cavern is rather elongate triangular, and the merus

of the external maxillipeds is half the length of the ischium measured

along the inner border.

The chelipeds are from 1; to 13 times the length of the carapace :

the hand is short, cylindrical with the base inflated, or is subglobular,

but not nearly so swollen as in Iphiculus or Myrodes: the fingers are

slender, much longer than the hand and somewhat hooked; they open

in an obliquely vertical plane, and the tip of the mobile finger moves

through the usual are of about 75°. The legs are moderately stout.

The abdomen of the male has the 3rd, 4th and 5th segments fused :

that of the female has all the segments distinct.

J. u. 33

258 A. Aleock —Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

Key to the Indian species of Pariphiculus.

I. Carapace a little broader than long: front

not at all prominent: a spiniform tubercle

on the cardiac region between one on either

branchial region: chelipeds about 13% the

length of the carapace .......... . PP. coronatus.

II. Carapace longer than broad : fr nt marked:

ly prominent: cardiac region and branchial

regions immediately on either side of it

unarmed: chelipeds about 1{ the length of

thercarapacel jo.cave wae ee cseesstace-celacemects nel meh as OST panes

82. Pariphiculus coronatus, Alcock & Anderson.

Randallia corunata, Alcock & Anderson, J. A. S. B., Vol. LXIII. He 2, 1894,

177.

: _ Pariphiculus coronatus, Alcock & Anderson, II]. Zool. <Tavatieaeee Crust.

pl. xxiv. fig. 2 (in the press).

Carapace globular, just broader than long, its surface closely

covered with large vesiculous granules beneath a dense fine-textured

pubescence: the intestinal region forms an independent circular swell-

ing, bounded by a deepish groove, and surmounted by two spiniform

tubercles, one behind the other: the gastric region is partly defined

anteriorly by two creases, and the cardiac region is partly defined

posteriorly by two grooves, and a narrow and indistinct groove separates

the hepatic from the branchial region on either side: on either lateral

margin are 5 spiniform tubercles, not including the dentiform prolonga-

tion of the outer angle of the buccal cavern, and at either end of the

short posterior margin is a dentiform tubercle: 3 similar tubercles

occur, one in the middle of the cardiac region and‘ one on either side

of it on the after part of the branchial regions—these three, along _

with the last on the lateral borders and the two on the posterior margin,

forming a ring round the tumid intestinal region: the side-wall of

the carapace is grooved longitudinally just above the epimeral edge.

The front is bidentate, its tips just projecting beyond the level of

the buccal cavern.

The chelipeds in the female (male unknown) are 1$ times the

length of the carapace: the hand is inflated, cylindrical, and about = the

length of the fingers: the fingers are very slender, almost hassles

hooked at tip, finely denticulate with a few slightly larger denticles at

distant intervals, and they open in an obliquely vertical plane.

Length of carapace of female (apparently adult) 16 millim., breadth

17 millim.

Loc. Bay of Bengal, off Coromandel coast, 112 fms,.

1896.] A. Aleock —Carcinological Fauna of India. 259

83. Pariphiculus rostratus, n. sp. Plate VIII. fig. 2.

Carapace globular, a little longer than broad, with the front promi-

nent and projecting in the form of a snout; its surface covered with

very small, distant vesicles, beneath a dense fine pubescence : the intes-

tinal region exactly resembles that of P. coronatus, and the gastric and

cardiac regions are incompletely defined in the same way: on either

lateral border are six sharpish tubercles, the first of which—situated

about the middle of the pterygostomian ridge —and the third — situated

near the anterior limit of the branchial region—are enlarged and

spiniform: at either end of the short posterior margin is a dentiform

tubercle: the side-wall of the carapace is traversed longitudinally by

two grooves, one just above the epimeral edge, the other just below the

lateral margin, and the surface between the grooves is tumid.

The very prominent front is sharply bidentate, the tips of the teeth

being somewhat sharpened and thickened: the space between the edge

of the orbit and the edge of the buccal cavern is much reduced.

The chelipeds are similar in both sexes and are about lz times the

length of the carapace, sometimes less than this: the hand is subglo-

bular but not so swollen as in Iphiculus and is only about half the

length of the fingers: the fingers are slender, hooked at tip, and finely

denticulate, the denticulations, however, being obscured by a thick

growth of short colourless hairs; they open in an obliquely vertical

plane.

The largest specimen —an apparently adult female — has the cara-

pace 32 millim. long and 27 millim. broad.

Loc. Off Malabar coast 28 to 45 fms., off Coromandel coast 25 to

30 fms., on soft muddy bottoms.

Nursilia, Bell.

Nursilia, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 308, and Cat. Leucos. Brit.

Mus. p. 20.

Carapace broader than long, bluntly polygonal, with the lateral

borders sharp, thin, laminar, somewhat turned up, and with the sur-

face broken by some definitely-placed ridges and distant spines. Front

prominent, bidentate: orbits with two distinct sutures, their lower

edge not distinct from the edge of the buccal cavern. Antenne with

longish flagella, their basal joint occupying the very much restricted

space between the eye and the obliquely folding antennules.

Buccal cavern elongate-oval, the hairy tips of the external maxil-

lipeds projecting beyond the edge of the buccal cavern: the merus

much hidden in hair (more so than in Iva) and SoS REe Ly less than

half the length of the ischium.

260 A, Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

Chelipeds somewhat slender, about half again as long as the cara-

pace: hands swollen, especially towards the inner side and the base:

fingers much longer than the hand, slender, hook-like; the tip of the

dactylus moves through an arc of more than 130°.

In the abdomen of both sexes all but the first and last segments

are intimately fused.

As the name indicates, this form has the carapace and front

shaped very much as in Nursia, though approaching Ilia—or rather

Myrodes—in the form of the chelipeds and mouth-parts.

84. Nursilia dentata, Bell.

Nursilia dentata, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 309, pl. xxxiv. fig. 6,

and Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus. p. 20: Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1858,

p. 161: Haswell, P. L.S., N.S. Wales, IV. 1879, pp. 56, 404, and Cat. Austral.

Crust. p. 128: Miers, Zool. H. M. S. ‘ Alert,’ pp. 158, 258, 518, 548: R.1I. Pocock,

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) V. 1890, p. 73. &

Carapace broader than long, distinctly polygonal in the male,

but with the angles more rounded off in the female. The lateral

margins are thin, sharp, slightly turned up, and sinuous (laciniate in the

young) : the ends of the short posterior margin are dentiform in the

male, but indistinctly so in the female.

The carapace is traversed by a longitudinal carina, on the posterior

half of which are 3 large vertical spines with the tips often curved

forwards: an oblique ridge ending in a sharpish tooth separates the

gastric from the hepatic region on either side: another oblique ridge,

with a sharpish tooth at each end, runs across the after part of the

branchial region to the postero-lateral margin on either side: there are

always one or two teeth on either side of the longitudinal carina in the

- gastro-cardiac region. In the young the oblique gastro-hepatic ridge is

connected by a longitudinal ridge with the oblique branchial ridge,

the branchial ridges more or less meet across the carapace, and the

spines are more numerous and more distinct.

The chelipeds have the arm very sharply trigonal: the fingers are

slender and hook-like and are twice the length of the much swollen

hand: they are finely denticulate with enlarged teeth at distant inter-

vals, and as in Myrodes, the dactylus is remarkable for the great range

of its mobility. .

Adult females have the carapace about 9 millim. long and about

10°5 millim. broad: adult males are a good deal smailer.

A large number of specimens are in the Indian Museum Collection,

from the Andamans, from off Ceylon at 32 to 34 fms., from the Madras

coast in the neighbourhood of Palk Straits, from off the Malabar coast

at 26 to 31 fms., and from off the Maldives at 20 to 30 fms.

1896. ] A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 261

85. Nursilia tonsor, n. sp.

This species is distinguished (1) by its smaller size,—ovigerous

females having the carapace only 7 millim. long and 7:25 millim. broad,

and adult males being a good deal smaller: (2) the gastro-cardiac region

is defined posteriorly on either side by an oblique dentigerous ridge,

which meets the oblique ridge that traverses either branchial region at

an obtuse angle—the whole forming a sharply defined W reversed:

(3) the hand is less swollen and the outer edge of the fingers is cristi-

form—the cristiform lamina being of extreme thinness and delicacy :

(4) the serrations of the lateral margins and the ridges and spines of

the carapace are all much sharper-cut.

Loc. Andaman Sea up to 40 fms., off Ceylon 34 fms.

Heterolithadia, Wood-Mason, (name only).

Carapace broader than long, transversely somewhat oval, its surface

nodular, coarsely granular, convex except the hepatic regions which

are hollowed ; all the regions well delimited by grooves.

Front distinct, moderately prominent, broadly bidentate. Orbits

with very indistinct sutures in the outer wall, and with very little

space between their lower edge and the edge of the buccal cavern.

The antennules fold obliquely. The antennez have a short flagellum

and occupy the much restricted space between the antennules and the

eye.

Buccal cavern triangular with the sides curved somewhat as in

Nursilia : merus of external maxillipeds half the length of the ischium

measured along the inner border.

Chelipeds stout, about half again as long as the carapace: hand

very short, swollen, half the length of the fingers: fingers slender, of

nearly the same diameter from base to near the hook-like tip, opening

in a nearly vertical plane, the tip of the dactylus being movable

through an arc of about 75°.

The abdomen of the male has the 3rd—6th segments fused.

Heterolithadia has a strong external resemblance to Lithadia, but

has the Ila fingers and external maxillipeds. Its nearest ally is

Nursilia.

86. Heterolithadia fallax, (Henderson).

Ebalia fallax, J. R. Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 402,

pl. xxxviii. figs. 4-6.

The posterior half of the carapace is a segment of a broad ellipse,

the anterior half is broadly triangulav.

262 A. Alcock— Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

The carapace is broader than long, and its surface, like the whole

under surface of the body and the whole surface of the arms, is closely

covered with large flat-topped pearly granules, except in the deeply-

excavated hepatic areas where the granules are small and rather

distant.

The regions are well demarcated by grooves, and (except the

hepatic regions, which are markedly excavated inside of the rather

prominent antero-lateral borders) are tumid. A broadish median

ridge extends from the front to near the middle of the cardiac region,

where it ends in a stout tubercle, and in continuation of the same line,

on the intestinal region, are two similar tubercles: there are also four

similar tubercles on the gastric region,—two on either side of the

median ridge.

The front is broadly bidentate: behind it the pterygostomian

ridge, which ends at a coarse denticle, can be seen in front of the

antero-lateral margin in a dorsal view: the hepatic portion of the

antero-lateral margin is thickened and ends abruptly at a very promi-

nent granular swelling; behind this the lateral margin is most elegantly

curved. The posterior margin is rather prominent and is bilobed, the

apex of one of the intestinal tubercles being seen between the lobes in

a dorsal view.

The chelipeds are rather more than half again as long as the

carapace: the arm is coarsely granular like the carapace, the wrist and

hand are granular under the lens: the hand has the outer edge some-

what thickened and raised and the inner side swollen: the fingers are

hooked, are twice the length of the hand, and open ina nearly vertical

plane; their opposed edges are finely denticulate with larger denticles

at distant intervals and with a good many hairs.

The abdomen of the male has a tooth at the penultimate segment.

In the Indian Museum is a specimen from the Andamans and one

from the Orissa Coast.

Arcania, Leach.

Arcania and Iphis, Leach, Zool. Miscell. III. p. 19.

Arcania and Iphis, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 133, 188.

Arcania and Iphis, Bell, 'rans. Linn. Soc., Vol. XXI. 1859, pp. 309, 311, 312.

Arcania, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. X. 1874, p. 48.

Arcania, Miers, ‘ Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 299.

Carapace globular, ovoid, or rhomboidal, with the lateral and

posterior margins armed with definitely-situated large spines (except

in Arcania gracilipes Bell, in which large tubercles take the place: of

spines, and A. orientalis Miers, in which spines are absent), and with

1896. | A. Aleock — Carecinological Fauna of India. 263

the surface, usually, crisply granular, spiny, or tubercular, but some-

times almost smooth to the naked eye.

Front bilobed and prominent, or if not prominent then CASEY

pinched off from the gastric and hepatic regions.

Orbits with three sutures in the upper and outer wall, with a cleft

in the inner wall, and usually with the inner canthus prolonged into a

Spine: eyes small.

The antennules fold very obliquely. The antenne are small, and

their basal joint loosely fills the cleft in the inner wall of the orbit.

The buccal cavern is elongate-triangular: the external maxillipeds

have the ischium from 23 to 3 times the length of the bluntly-triangular

merus: their exognath is narrow, with the outer border nearly straight.

The chelipeds are very slender and are usually about twice the

length of the carapace—either a little more or a little less; their joints

are cylindrical, the palm alone being a little swollen at base: the fingers

are long and very slender, their opposed edges being finely ctenoid,

with larger denticles at long intervals; they open ina nearly vertical plane.

The legs are slender.

The abdomen of the male usually consists of 5 pieces, that of the

female of 4 or 5.

Key to the Indian species of Arcania.

I. Margins of the carapace with spines,

hepatic regions dorsally convex : abdomen

of adult male consisting of 5 pieces :—

1. Fingers longer than the hand:

surface of carapace either smooth

(microscopically granular), or with

small granules all of one size :—

i, Lateral median epibranchial

spines nearly straight, far

longer than any of the other

spines, their length often be-

ing equal to the breadth of

the carapace :—

a. Seven spines on margins

of carapace,—3 very

large, 4: smaller............ A. septemspinosa,

(Fabr.)

b. Five spines on margins |

of carapace,—3 very

large, 2 smaller ......... A. quinguespinosa.

264

II.

A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. _ [No. 2.

ii. Median lateral epibranchial

spines claw-like, not longer

than the spines on the poster-

ior part of the carapace, their

length being not a quarter the

breadth of the carapace :—

a. Nine spines on margins

of carapace,—3 large

and 6 smaller: regions of

carapace very ill-defined

b. Eleven spines on mar-

gins of carapace,— none

of them very large: re-

gions of carapace well

defined .

2. Fingers shorter Thorn ane bande sur-

face of carapace covered with spines,

or with granules and larger

tubercles :—

i. Carapace longer than broad :

chelipeds less than twice the

length of the carapace :—

a. Carapace densely spiny :

eleven large marginal

spines..

b. Canes Sah etnies

and claviform tubercles :

eleven marginal promi-

nences, of which only 4

or 5 can be called spines

ii. Carapace broader than long:

chelipeds a little over twice

the length of the carapace:

carapace with granules and

large tubercles .esmesaeeecoe-t

Margins of carapace with large tubercles

in place of spines, hepatic regions dorsally

sunken and flat: abdomen of adult male

consisting of 4 pieces, and the second piece

sunk almost out of sight .......seceesersceeee

A. novemspinosa.

A. undecimspinosa.

A. erinaceus.

A. tuberculata.

A. pulcherrima.

(=A. septemspinosa,

Bell.)

A. gracilipes,

1896. ] A. Aleock— Carcinological Fauna of India. 265

87. Arcania septemspinosa, (Fabr.), Leach, Edw.

- Cancer septemspinosus, Fabr., Mant. Ins. I. 325, and Ent. Syst., II. 463: Herkst,

Krabben, I. ii. 259, pl. xx. fig. 112.

Leucosia septemspinosa, Fabr., Ent. Syst. Suppl., p. 351: Bosc, Hist. Nat. Crust.

I. 237: Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins. VI. 119.

Iphis septemspinosa, Leach, Zool. Miscell. III. p. 25: Desmarest, Consid. Gen.

Crust., p. 170: Milne Edwards in Cuvier Régne Animal, Crust., pl. xxv. fig. 4, and

Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 139: Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. X XI. 1855, p. 311, and Cat.

Leucos. Brit. Mus. p. 22: Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1858, p. 161: Miers,

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) V. 1880, p. 317: Sluiter, Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. XL.

1881, p. 159, fig. 1.

Arcania septemspinosa, Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 300: Henderson,

Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. (2) V. 1893, p. 403.

Carapace bluntly rhomboidal, the anterior blunt angle of the rhomb

forming the elegantly bilobular, slightly projecting, front, and the lateral

and posterior angles being all produced to form huge slightly-curved

spines—the lateral ones being the longest. Besides these, there are

four other smaller spines in the posterior part of the carapace, namely

one on either side at the level of, and one on either side below, the large

posterior spine. The surface of the carapace is finely granular in irrec-

ular patches, the granules being most distinct on the large spines.

The hepatic regions are separated from the branchial regions on either

side by a transverse crease or pucker, but otherwise the regions of the

carapace are not clearly demarcated. The summit of the (antero-

lateral) convexity of the hepatic region is, usually, faintly acuminate.

The chelipeds are symmetrical and slender, and are more than twice the

length of the carapace (posterior spine excluded) in both sexes: the

long cylindrical arms are very finely and uniformly granular: the

almost filiform fingers are a little longer than the slender tapering hand.

The true legs are slender and smooth, and the dactyli are thickly fringed

with rather long hair: the first pair exceed the arm in length by their

dactylus and rather more than half their propodite.

Colours streaky and patchy red.

The carapace of an average adult of either sex is about 20 millim.

long, and about 20 millim. broad.

Localities: Andamans, Arakan, Gangetic and Mahdnaddi Deltas,

Madras coast, Persian Gulf. It is commonest on muddy bottoms at

about 25 fathoms.

Of 92 specimens in the Indian Museum the lateral spines are found

to vary a good deal in length: they are usually, in adults, about as

long as the arm, and sometimes a good deal longer; but in the young

they are usually much shorter than the arm.

J. u. 34

266 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

88. Arcania quinquespinosa, Wood-Mason MS. name,

Alcock and Anderson.

Arcania quinquespinosa, Alcock and Anderson, J. A. S. B., Vol. LKIII. pt. 2,

1894, p. 206, and Il). Zool. R. I. M. 8. “‘ Investigator,” Crust., pl. xxiv. fig. 6 (im the

ress).

; : Arcania septemspinosa, var. gracilis, Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. (2) V.

1893, pp. 403, 404.

Differs from A. septemspinosa (Fabr.) only in the following parti-

culars :—

1. it is a much smaller species, the carapace of the adult being

less than 12 millim. long, and less than 14 millim. broad.

2. The outline of the carapace is broadly conical, owing to the

bulging, obliquely backwards, of the branchial regions.

3. The front is sharply bidentate, instead of bilobular.

‘4, The large spines of the margins of the carapace are relatively

smaller, and the spine on the postero-lateral border, on either side, is

either altogether wanting or is represented only by a granule.

5. The regions of the carapace, with the single exception of the

boundary between the gastric and cardiac regions, are distinctly delim-

ited by fine grooves.

6. The fingers are nearly twice the length of the hand.

7. The cardiac region in life, and even in fresh spirit specimens,

-Shows as a large bright red milk-white-edged ocellus. The rest of the

carapace is delicate pink in life.

In the Indian Museum collection are 27 specimens— chiefly adult

males and egg-laden females—from the coasts of Arakan, Ganjam,

Vizagapatam, Ceylon, and the Persian Gulf.

89. Arcania undecimspinosa, De Haan.

Arcania undecimspinosa, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust., p. 135, pl. xxxiii. fig. 8:

Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 809, and Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus. p. 21:

Miers, Zool. H. M.S. ‘ Alert’ pp. 518, 548: (?) A. O. Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc.,

Zool., Vol. XX. 1890, p. 111: Ortmann, Zool. Jahrbtich., Syst. etc., VI. 1892, p. 577:

J. R. Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool. (2) V. 1893, p. 404.

Arcania granulosa, Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) I. 1875-79, p. 240, pl. xxxviii.

fig. 29 (fide Miers, P. Z.S. 1879, p. 44): Haswell, P. L.S., N.S. Wales, LV. 1879,

p. 58, and Cat. Austral. Crust. p. 131.

?? Arcania novemspinosa var. aspera, Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) V. 1880,

p. 317.

Carapace longitudinally ovoid in the male, nearly globular in the

adult female, uniformly covered either with rather distant miliary gra-

nules or with close-set short prickles, amid which the fine smooth

grooves that define the regions of the carapace are very distinct, —the

1896. ] A. Aleock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 267

only one wanting being that between the gastric and cardiac regions.

The margins of the carapace are armed with eleven spines of moderate

size, situated as follows:—one, pointing obliquely forwards, in either

antero-lateral border, at the culmination of the sub-hepatic region; one

on either side just behind the groove that separates the hepatic from

the branchial region ; one, claw-like, at either (median) lateral epibran-

chial angle; one, pointing obliquely backwards, just abaft the middle

of either postero-lateral border ; one at either end of the posterior bor-

der ; and one, pointing straight backwards, in the middle of the intesti-

nal region. The front ends in two sharp-cut laminar teeth.

The slender chelipeds, in the adult male, are just over twice the

length of the carapace (spine excluded); the arm is usually, but not

always, covered in all or the greater part of its extent with miliary

granules similar to those on the carapace ; the almost filiform fingers are

as long as the hand and rather more than half the wrist combined. The

true legs are slender and smooth; their dactyli are scantily fringed with

hair in their distal half: the first pair exceed the arm in length by

their last two joints.

The length of the carapace of the adult male is about 16 millim.,

and the breadth about 14 millim.; of an adult female the dimensions

are 18 millim. by 16 millim.

In the Indian Museum collection are young and adults of both

sexes, from the Andamans and from the Madras side of Palk Straits.

90. Arcania novemspinosa, Adams & White.

Iphis novemspinosa, Adams & White, ‘ Samarang’ Crust. p. 56, pl. xiii. fig. 1.

Arcania novemspinosa, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc.,. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 309, and Cat.

Leucos. Brit. Mus. p. 21: Haswell, P. L.S., N. 8S. Wales, IV. 1879, p. 58, and Cat.

Austral. Crust. p. 131: de Man, Archiv fiir Naturges. LIII. 1887, i. 392.

Differs from A. undecimspinosa, De Haan, only in the following

characters :-—

1. The surface of the carapace, in the adult, is almost smooth —

at any rate is without isolated miliary granules or prickles.

2. The marginal spines are very much larger, with the single

exception of the spine on either side situated at the junction of the

sub-hepatic and branchial regions, which is a mere denticle or granule.

3. With the exception of a faint groove between the hepatic and

' branchial regions, and of a still more indistinct break of level between

the branchial and intestinal regions on either side, the regions of the

carapace are not defined.

4. The front is more prominent.

5. The chelipeds in the adult male are 25 times the length of

the carapace, and the arm is only very finely granular, and at the base only.

268 A. Aleock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

6. The carapace in the adult male is a little more elongate.

Two adult males and a half-grown female from the Andamans are

in the Indian Museum collection.

The differences above noted are plain enough in extreme forms, but their swm

is not constant, as it is in the case of the differences between A T7-spinosa and

A. 5-spinosa, so that it seems doubtful whether A. 9-spinosa is really distinct from

A. 11-spinosa.

91. Arcania erinaceus, (Fabr.)

Cancer erinaceus, Fabricius, Mantiss. Insect. I. 325, and Ent. Syst. Il. 460:

Herbst, Krabben, I. ii. 258, pl. xx. fig. 111.

Leucosia erinaceus, Fabr., Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 352: Latr., Hist. Nat. Crust.

et Ins. VI. 119.

Arcania erinaceus, Leach. Zool. Miscell. JII. p. 24: Desmarest, Consid. Gen.

Crust., p. 170, pl. xxviii. fig. 1: Milne Edwards in Cuvier Régne An., Crust., pl.

xxiv. fig. 2, and Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 134: Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855,

p- 309, and Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus. p. 20.

Carapace globular, everywhere thickly covered with thorns and

spine-like granules, amid which the smooth shallow sulci that define

the branchial and hepatic regions are visible. Round the margin of

the carapace are eleven large spines, similar in position to but larger

in size than those of A. undecimspinosa, and covered with secondary

spinelets. The ventral surface of the external maxillipeds, the thoracic

sterna, and the abdominal terga are all also sharply granular. The

front ends in two prominent sharp teeth.

The chelipeds and the true legs have their meropodites covered

with thorns, and the other joints—except the dactyli, the distal half of

the hand, and the fingers—sharply granular. The chelipeds, even in

the adult male, are only about 13 times the length of the carapace

(spine excluded), and the fingers area little shorter than the palm.

The first pair of true legs exceed the arms in length by their last 2s

joints.

The carapace of the adult male is 16 millim. long and 14 millim.

broad; that of the adult female is 21 millim. long and 19 millim.

broad.

Loc. ast coast, from the Hooghly to Pondicherry. In the Indian

Museum collection are an adult male and a young and three adult

females.

92. Arcania tuberculata, Bell.

Arcania tuberculata, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 310, pl. xxxiv.

fig. 8, and Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus. p. 21.

? Arcania levimana, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 310, pl. xxxiy.

1896. ] A. Aleock —Carcinological Fauna of India. 269

fic. 10, and Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus. p. 22: A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. X.

1874, p. 48, pl. iii. fig. 4.

Carapace snbglobular with an abruptly prominent bidentate front ;

closely covered everywhere, except in the anterior half of the front,

with elongate granules some of which are large and claviform. The

regions of the carapace are fairly well defined. In the position of the

marginal spines of A. undecimspinosa there are 11 marginal prominences,

of which only 4 or 5 in the posterior part of the carapace deserve the

name of spines, the others being denticles not vastly larger than the

enlarged claviform tubercles of the dorsal surface. These spines and

denticles are covered with secondary granules in all or part of their

extent.

The chelipeds, even in the adult male, are not 12 times the length

of the carapace: the arms are elegantly granular; the wrists have

a few granules and, on their outer surface, a tooth; the hands are

nearly smooth: the fingers are little shorter than the hand.

The legs are slender and perfectly smooth.

The carapace of the\adult male is 8 millim. long and 6 millim.

broad, that of the adult female is 10 millim. long and 9 millim. broad.

ZIooc. Andamans and Maldives. In the Indian Museum colléction

are 11 specimens—young and adults of both sexes, including ovigerous

females.

93. Arcania pulcherrima, Haswell.

Arcania septemspinosa, Bell nec Fabricius, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc., Vol. XXI.

1855, p. 310, pl. xxxiv. fig. 7, and Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus. p. 21.

Arcania pulcherrima, Haswell, P. L.S., N. S. Wales, IV. 1879, p. 58, and Cat.

Austral. Crust. p. 131: Miers, Zool. H. M.S. ‘Alert’ p. 253 (wbi synon.), and

‘ Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 299 (footnote).

Carapace transversely ovoid, the front not breaking beyond the

general outline: its surface everywhere covered with miliary granules,

amid which stand out 13 or 14 grauule-covered tubercles arranged in

five incomplete longitudinal rows. Round the margin of the carapace

are 10 granule-covered prominences, the first two of which on either

side are mere denticles, while the remaining six are broad spines,—

those at the lateral epibranchial angle on either side being much the ©

longest. The regions of the carapace are ill defined. The inner

canthus of the orbit is not prolonged into a spine as it is in all the

preceding species.

The chelipeds are slender even for the genus, and in the adult

male are just over twice the length of the carapace: the arm alone

is elegantly granular: the fingers are a little shorter than the hand.

The true legs are slender and perfectly smooth.

270 A. Aleock—Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

The carapace of the adult male is about 9 millim. long and 10

broad ; that of the adult female is about 10 millim. long and 12 broad.

In the Indian Museum collection are 3 adult males and 2 adult

females (one egg-laden) from off Ceylon, 34 fms.

94. Arcania gracilipes, Bell.

Arcania gracilipes, Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XX1I.1855, p. 310, and Cat, Lencos.

Brit. Mus. p. 22: (Haswell. P. L. S., N. 8S. Wales, Vol. LV. 1879, p. 58 ?)

Carapace globular, just as broad as long, with the hepatic regions

dorsally sunken and flat, so as to throw the front—which does not

otherwise project much—into strong relief. The circumference, like

the dorsum of the carapace, is armed not with spines, but with numer-

ous large tubercles, which, like the general surface between them, are

closely covered with flat discoidal granules: there are altogether about

24 of these large tubercles. The regions of the carapace are fairly

well defined. The front ends in two blunt teeth: the inner canthus of

the orbit is not prolonged into a spine.

The chelipeds, in the adult male, are slightly over twize the length

of the carapace: the arm wrist and hand are elegantly granular like

the carapace, the granulation in the case of the wrist and hand being

microscopic: the fingers are just equal in length to the hand. The true

legs are slender, and are microscopically granular like the hand: the

first pair exceed the arm by less than the length of their dactylus.

The abdomen of the male consists of only four pieces, but the

second piece is hidden almost out of sight. The carapace of the adult

male is 7 millim. long and broad, that of the female 10 millim.

An adult male and 5 females—three ovigerous—from the Anda-

mans.

Iza, Leach.

Iva, Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XI. 1815, p. 334.

Iza, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. IT. 134.

Iza Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 311, and Cat. Leucos. Brit.

Mus. p. 23.

Iza, Miers, ‘ Challenger’ Brachyura, p.:300.

Carapace broadly rhomboidal, produced on either side, at the junc-

tion of the antero-lateral and postero-lateral borders, into a great

sausage-shaped spine of enormous size often with an abruptly acumi-

nate point. The median regions of the carapace are separated on either

side from the branchial, either by a broad trench which bifureates

anteriorly to isolate the hepatic regions from the branchial regions and

from the front, or by a shallow groove which has similar relations. The

1896. ] A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 271°

front is broadish and broadly bilobed, and does not project as far as

the salient edges of the afferent branchial canal.

The orbits are deep and completely conceal the eyes, their outer

wall is marked by 3 closed sutures, the surfaces between which are very

convex ; there is a widish gap at the inner canthus where the antennz

with their small flagellum are found. The antennules fold obliquely.

The external maxillipeds are sunk altogether or in part a good deal

below the level of the sharp edges of the buccal cavern: they are

longitudinally hollowed or grooved along their inner border, the merus

more deeply than the ischium: the last-named joint is about twice the

length of the narrowly-triangular merus.

The chelipeds are hardly stouter than the slender legs: and are

markedly less than twice the length of the carapace: the distal half of

the hand is almost filiform: the fingers are hardly half the length of

the hand, are filiform, and open in a vertical plane.

The abdomen of the male has the 3rd 4th and 5th segments coales-

cent, that of the female has the 3rd—6th coalescent.

Key to the Indian species of Ixa.

I. Channels of carapace with very definite under-

mined edges : lateral processes with very abruptly

acuminate tip: buccal trame~ distinctly trian-

gular: exognaths with the surface concave and

almost devoid of granules..........:.......000-0.00--. L, cylindrus.

II. Channels of carapace Sesty eo grooves of no very

remarkable appearance : lateral processes gradu-

ally tapering: buccal frame quadrangular: exo-

enaths with thesurface, in the basal three-fourths,

»tumid and covered with a mosaic of large

Seamus atemosseas seers cette accesses edness VET NLS.

95. Iva cylindrus, (Fabr). Leach.

Cancer cylindrus, Fabricius, Mantiss. Ins. I. 323, and Ent. Syst. IL. 456.

Cancer cylindricus, Herbst, Krabben, I. ii. 109, pl. ii. fies. 29-81.

Leucosia cylindrus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 352: Bosc, Hist. Nat. Crust.

I. 237: Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust et. Ins. VI. 119.

Iva cylindrus, Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XI. 1815, p. 334: Bell, Trans.

Linn. Soc. Vol. XXI. 1855, p. 311 (part): Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 301

and footnote.

Iza canaliculata, Leach, Zool. Miscell. III. p. 26, pl. 129, fig.1: Desmarest,

Consid. Crust. p. 171, pl. xxviii. fig. 3: Milne Edwards, Cuvier, Régne An., Crust.

pl. xxiv. fig. 1, and Hist. Nat. Crust. II, 185: A. Milne Edwards, in Maillard’s

V’Tle Réunion, Annexe F, p. 10.

272 A, Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

Iza megaspis, Adams and White, ‘Samarang’ Crust. p. 55, pl. xii. fig. 1: Miers,

‘Challenger’ Brachyura p. 301 (var. of cylindrus).

Carapace covered with vesiculous granules between which it is

smooth and polished, and there are some largish smooth patches on the

branchial regions: the channels of the carapace are deep and very well

defined, with undermining edges, and have the floor more or less coated

with pubescence: the huge cylindrical lateral processes are of almost

the same diameter at their distal end as at their base, and their rounded

end is abruptly surmounted by a spine: the distance between the edge

of the raised plane of the gastric region and the free edge of the front

is nearly equal to the anterior breadth of the front: the ends of the

posterior margin are a little thickened and prominent, but are hardly

dentiform even in the young.

The buccal cavern, though truncated, has a distinctly triangular

shape: the exognath, when denuded of its distal pubescence, is found

to have a smooth and longitudinally concave surface, the concavity

falling along the inner border; and is seen to fall short of the raised

anterior edge of the afferent branchial channel by a mean distance

equal to nearly half the length of the merus: the raised outer border

of the ischium has a narrow band of vesiculous granules, wanting at

the basal end.

Four males and four females (three adult) are in the Indian

Museum collection from the Andamans, and from the Madras coast in

the neighbourhood of Palk Straits.

The largest female has the carapace 20 millim. long by 60 millim.

in extreme breadth.

96. ? Iva inermis, Leach.

Iva inermis, Leach, Zool. Miscell. III. p. 26, pl. 129, fig. 2: Desmarest Consid.

Crust. p. 171: Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. IJ. 185: Haswell, P. L.S., N.S.

Wales, IV. 1879, p. 59, and Cat. Austral. Crust. p. 132. :

Carapace covered with vesiculous granules between which it is dis-

tinctly rough: the channels of the carapace are merely grooves, and are

devoid of pubescence: the lateral processes are curved forwards, and

taper gradually to a point: the distance between the gastric region

(no part of which region has the form of a definitely raised plane) and

the free edge of the sharply bidentate front is much less than the

anterior breadth of the front: there is a large granular petaloid tuber-

cle at either end of the posterior margin.

The buccal cavern is distinctly quadrangular, owing to the eversion

of the outer lip of the afferent branchial channel: the exognath in its

basal three-fourths is very strongly convex, the surface of the convexity

1896. ] A. Aleock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 273

being covered with large polished pearly granules polygonal by mutual

appression; its hairy distal end is suddenly depressed and does not

fall much short of the front edge of the afferent branchial canal: the

ischium is grooved along its inner border, but the rest of its surface is

tumid and granular just like the exognath.

In the Indian Museum collection is a single female with the cara-

pace 17 millim. long by 42 millim. in extreme breadth, from 23 fathoms

off the Orissa Coast.

I believe that this species must be Leach’s Iva inermis, as it cor-

responds with Leach’s figure. Unfortunately the mouth-parts are

not figured or described. They are most characteristic in this species,

which cannot be mistaken for I. cylindrus.

Family DORIPPID A.

Dorippiens, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 151 (partim).

Dorippidea, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 120.

Dorippidz, Dana, U. 8. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 390.

Dorippidz, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 326.

Carapace flat, generally broadest behind near the plane of the

posterior border, hiding not much more than half of the abdominal

terga, the first three of which are commonly visible in a dorsal view

quite uncovered. The orbits are somewhat incomplete. The antennules

are commonly too large to fold inside their fossettes. The antenne are

large. The mouth-parts somewhat resemble those of the Calappide :

the buccal cavern is prolonged forwards to form an efferent branchial

canal which is covered in below by a long lamellar process of the first

maxillipeds. The first two pairs of true legs are remarkably long and

stout: the last two pairs on the contrary are remarkably short and

slender, and occupy a singular position in the dorsal plane of the body.

The position of the afferent branchial canal varies. The vasa deferentia

perforate the 5th thoracic sternum on either side. The branchie are

less than nine in number on either side.

The Dorippide may be divided into two sections or subfamilies as

follows :—

1. Dorippine, in which the external maxillipeds leave a consider-

able part of the buccal cavern uncovered, and in which the afferent

branchial openings are situated either immediately or shortly i in atlvance

of the bases of the chelipeds.

2. Tymolinze, in which the external maxillipeds almost completely

cover the buccal cavern, and in which the afferent branchial openings

may or may not be situated near the bases of the chelipeds,

J. I. 35

274 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. Z,

The following is a list of known genera, Indian genera being printed

in Roman type and genera known to me by autopsy being marked with

an asterisk,

Family Dorippide.

Sub-family I. Dorippine.

*Dorippe.

*Ethusa (*Ethusina)._

? Cymopolus, A. Milne Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. VIII. 1880,

p. 27.

Sub-family II. Tymoline.

Tymolus, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858, p. 163.

Cyclodorippe, A. Milne Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. VIiI.

1880, p. 24.

Cymonomus, A. Milne Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. VIII.

1880, p. 26.

*Cymonomops.

Uncertain in position.

Corycodus, A. Milne Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. VIII. 1880,

p. 23.

It appears to me to be quite possible that further investiga-

tion may discover Cyclodorippe to belong to Stimpson’s genus

Tymolus. Ortmann, (Zool. Jahrbucher, Syst. VI. 1892, p. 559)

has already suspected the identity of these two genera.

Caphyra, Guérin, which was included with the Dorippidxe by Milne Edwards,

has by other authors been shown to belong to quite another section of the Brachyura ;

and I cannot think that Cymopolia either has any right to be classed with the

Oxystoma. Previous authors also, such as Dana (U. S. Expl. Exped. Crust. pt. I.

p. 403) and Miers (‘‘Challenger’ Brachyura p. 384) have suggested the advisability

of remoying Cymopolia from this group.

Key to the Indian Genera of Dorippide.

I. The external maxillipeds leave all the anterior

. part of the buccal cavern uncovered :—

1. The anterior extremity of the biecal

cavern passes between the antennules

to or even beyond the tip of the front :

the afferent branchial apertures are

1896. ] A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 275

situated in front of the bases of the

chelipeds, a bridge of the carapace in-

GERVOMIM OMe, fre saab. ibis sliwtheeceoneacwervoedia > ORIRRR:

2. The anterior extremity of the buccal

cavern either stops at, or does not reach

as far as, the basal joint of the anten-

nules: the afferent branchial openings

are situated immediately in front of the

bases ob the Ghelapeds, (p's. sesicaslesajs« snes ErHusa.

II. The external maxillipeds are greatly elongate

and do not leave any appreciable portion of

the buccal cavern uncovered : the afferent

branchial openings are not situated in front

of the bases of the chelipeds ..............+..008 CYMONOMOPS.

Dorippe, Fabricius.

Dorippe, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 361.

Dorippe, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 154.

Dorippe, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 327.

Carapace very flat, truncate-triangular and broadest behind, cover-

ing little more than the first two thoracic sterna, its regions well

defined, the hepatic region small.

The front consists of two flat triangular teeth: on either side of it,

in the same plane, are (1) a hood-like fold covering the base of the long

completely exposed geniculate eyestalks, and separated by a deep

narrow fissure from (2) a long flat triangular tooth, formed by the

prolongation of the antero-external angle of the carapace, and forming

the outer angle of the orbit. The floor of the orbit is even more incom-

plete than the roof, and is formed almost entirely by the base of a great

projecting spine at the inner canthus, but even this spine may be rudi-

mentary. The antennules fold longitudinally, they are too large to fold

into the fossettes. The antenne also are rather large: the basal joint

is wedged in between the front and the spine at the inner canthus of

the orbit.

The buccal cavern is abruptly narrowed anteriorly and prolonged

as a deep well defined canal to, or even slightly beyond, the front: the

canal is closed in below by long stout foliaceous processes of the first

maxillipeds. The external maxillipeds do not cover this canal: their

flagellum or palp arises at the outer angle of the long narrow merus

and is completely exposed in flexion. The afferent branchial orifices

are oblique pocket-like slits in the pterygostomian region. |

276 A. Aleock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

The chelipeds in the adult male are commonly unequal, having the

hand of one side much enlarged and swollen.

The first and second: pairs of true legs are long stout and com-

_ pressed : the last two pairs on the other hand are short and rather slight ;

they arise much dorsad of the other legs, and are subchelate,—the four

subchelee being so disposed as to enable the animal to hold over its back —

as in a loose frame —some sort of defensive or protective object, such

as a lamellibranch shell or an inhabited worm-tube.

The abdomen of both sexes consists of seven distinct segments, the

first two and most of the third terga being visible in a dorsal view.

Key to the Indian species of Dorippe.

I. The tips of the foliaceous processes that close

the endostomial canal, but never the canal

itself, may sometimes be seen between the

frontal teeth in a dorsal view :—

1. The greatest length of the carapace is

slightly, but distinctly, more than the

greatest breadth :—

i. Carapace nodular and wrinkled:

spine at the inner canthus of the orbit

ponderous, curved, serrated along the

under surface: fourth (last) pair of

true legs less than half the length of

the second (longest) pair ...............D. dorsipes.

ii. Carapace smooth: spine at inner

canthus of orbit rudimentary: fourth

pair of true legs more than half the

length of the second.. bs .. D. astuta.

2. The greatest length Be ttieve carapace is

less than the greatest breadth: spine at

the inner canthus of the orbit long,

slender, acute, straight: carapace

smooth : fourth pair of legs from a little

less than half to one-third ne length of

the second :—

i. Carapace and last two pairs of

legs densely pubescent: both edges of

merus and posterior edge of carpus

and propodite of Ist and 2nd legs

densely pubescent in the male ......... D. facchino.

1896. ] A. Alceock— Careinological Fauna of India. 277

ii. Carapace hardly pubescent: last

two pairs of legs very slightly: hairy :

Ist and 2nd legs perfectly devoid of

LIDHIE cee ghee: iccatodeccUbig ic uMnonse e eC Reeaerame Oba fits {i100

Il. The roof of the endostomial canal projects

considerably between the bases of the frontal

teeth in a dorsal view: the greatest length of

the carapace is hardly less than the greatest

breadth : carapace smooth, it and all the ap-

pendages perfectly devoid of pubescence:

spine at inner canthus of orbit rudimentary :

last pair of legs much more than half the

length of the second (longest) pair................. D. polita.

97. Dorippe dorsipes, (Linn,) Miers.

Cancer dorsipes, Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 452, and Syst. Nat. ed. xii. I. ii. 1053

(nec syn.)

Cancer frascone, Herbst, Krabben, I. ii. 192, pl. xi. fig. 70.

Cancer quadridens. Fabricius, Ent. Syst. I]. 464.

Dorippe quadridens, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 361: Bosc, Hist. Nat.

Crust. I. 207: Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins. VI. 125, [and Encycl. pl. 306, fig.

1]: Desmarest, Consid. Crust. p. 135: De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 121, pl. xxxi.

fig. 3: Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1858, p. 163: de Man, Journ. Linn.

Soc., Zool., XXII. 1888, p. 206.

Dorippe quadridentata, Milne Kdwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II, 156: Hilgendorf,

MB. AK. Berl. 1878, p. 812: H. Nauck, Zeits. Wiss. Zool. XXXIV. 1880, p. 49

(gastric teeth) : Haswell, Cat. Austral. Crust. p. 137.

Dorippe dorsipes, Miers, Zool. H. M.S. ‘ Alert,’ pp. 185, 257: de Man, Archiv.

fir Naturges. LIII. 1887, i. 393: [Cano, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napol. III, 1889, p. 254] :

Ortmann, Zool. Jahrbuch., Syst., VI. 1892, p. 562: Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc.

Zool. (2) V. 1893, p. 404.

Dorippe atropos, Lamarck, Syst. Anim. sans. vert. p. 245 (1818).

Dorippe nodulosa, Lamarck, Syst. Anim. sans. vert. p. 245 (1818): Bosc, Hist.

Nat. Crust. I. 208, pl. iv. fig. 2; Guérin, Icon. Régne Animal, pl. xiii. fig. 2.

Body and appendages (except the hands and fingers, and the pro-

podites and dactyli of the Ist and 2nd true legs) rather thickly covered

with hair.

Hxtreme length of carapace greater than, extreme breadth. Sur-

face of carapace wrinkled and uneven, with about a dozen nodules

which are often granular; the regions well defined by grooves and

puckers.

The spine at the outer angle of the onbit is long and acute, and

usually projects well beyond the level of the frontal teeth : the spine

at the inner canthus is huge, curved, serrated along the lower border,

278 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

and projects far beyond the frontal teeth: the hood-like fold, on

either side of the front, that covers the base of the eyestalks, has its

angles not pronounced. .

The lateral margins of the carapace are denticulated up to a stoutish

tooth near the middle of the branchial border.

The abdomen of the male has both on the second and on the third

terga a transverse row of 3 tubercles, the middle one large rounded and

polished, the lateral ones smaller and acute, and one stout tubercle in the

middle line on the fourth tergum: in the female the third fourth and fifth

terga are transversely carinate, the carins being denticulate, and one

tooth on the third and 4th terga, in the middle line, being much en-

larged; the second tergum is also transversely carinate, but bluntly and

indistinctly.

The chelipeds of the adult male are asymmetrical, the hand of one

side being greatly swollen and being a good deal broader than long: in

both chelipeds the ischium merus and carpus have the outer surface

covered with spinules and acute granules.

The second true leg is more than twice the length of the fourth, and

nearly three times the length of the carapace: its carpus like that of the

first is traversed longitudinally by two granular crests..

Large males have the carapace 36 millim. long, and 34 millim. in

extreme breadth: ovigerous females have the carapace 25 millim. long

by 24 millim. broad.

In the Indian Museum collection are very numerous specimens

from Mergui, Andamans, Hast coast of India from Ganjam to Palk

Straits, and Persian Gulf.

As Miers states, there can be little doubt that Linnzeus’ diagnosis

(Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 452) refers to this species. But De Haan long

before (Faun. Japon. Crust. pp. 121, 139) had bespoken the identity of

D. dorsipes and D. quadridens and had noticed the confusion by earlier

authors of Cancer dorsipes of Linneeus with Cancer dorsipes of Fabri-

clus.

98. Dorippe facchino (Herbst), De Haan.

Dorippe facchino, Herbst, Krabben, f. ii. 190, pl. xi. fig. 68: De Haan, Faun.

Japon. Crust. p. 123: Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1858, p. 163: Miers,

‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 8328: Ortmann, Zool. Jahrbuch., Syst. VI. 1892, p. 561:

J. R. Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1898, p. 405.

Dorippe sima, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 157, pl. xx. figs. 11-14:

Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 398: Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) V.

1880, p. 317: A. O. Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., XX. 1886-90, p. 111.

1896. ] A. Alcock —Carcinological Fauna of India. 279

The body and appendages though on the whole very hairy, are not

quite so hairy as in D. dorsipes; the chelipeds. have the hair confined

almost entirely to their borders, especially the upper border; the 1st

and 2nd pairs of legs are almost hairless in the female, and in the

male have the hair confined to the anterior border of the merus and

the posterior border of the merus carpus and propodite; and hair is

absent from the convexities of the thoracic sterna:

Extreme length of carapace considerably less than extreme breadth.

The surface of the carapace, when denuded, is either perfectly

smooth, or smooth in the middle and finely granular at the sides and

in front: the regions are well defined by grooves.

The hood-like fold covering the base of the eyestalks, on either side

of the front, has its inner or anterior angle dentiform: the spine at the

external orbital angle is broad and suddenly acuminate, and projects to

but not beyond the level of the frontal teeth: the spine at the inner

canthus is slender, straight, and acute, and projects well beyond the

frontal teeth.

The lateral borders of the carapace are sometimes granular, but

never denticulate.

The abdomen of the male is unarmed: in the female the 3rd—5th

terga are coarsely and bluntly carinate, the carinz of the 4th and 5th

being finely granular. The chelipeds when denuded have all their

joints quite smooth: those of the adult male are asymmetrical just as

in D. dorsipes.

The second true leg is much more than twice, often three times,

the length of the fourth, and 24 to 22 times the length of the carapace :

its carpus, like that of the first is bicarinate, the carine being granular

under the lens but not to the naked eye.

Large males have the carapace 29 millim. long and 34 millim. in

extreme breadth: ovigerous females have the carapace 20 millim. long

by 24 millim. broad.

In the Indian Museum are very numerous specimens from the East

coast from the mouth of the Hooghly to Madras, and a few from the

- Andamans. Itis common on soft muddy bottoms, and I have rarely

found it without a protective bivalve shell and sea-anemone.

99. ? Dorippe granulata, De Haan.

Dorippe granulata, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 122, pl. xxxi. fig. 2:

Stimpson Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858, p. 163: [Targioni-Tozzetti, Zool.

Record, 1877, Crust. p. 19]: Ortmann Zool. Jahrbuch., Syst., VI. 1892, p. 561,

Almost exactly resembles D. facchino (Herbst), but has the cara-

pace a little more granular and with scanty or obsolete pubescence.

280 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No, 2,

There is almost no hair on the carapace,—none sufficient to con-

ceal its grooving and texture: on the chelipeds there is, on the upper

edge, extending along basal part of finger, a narrow fringe of hair, and

on the lower edge a narrow fringe extending as far as the end of the

merus: on the first two. pairs of true legs there is no hair at all in

either sex; and on the last two pairs of legs there is not very much hair.

The chelipeds of males that are as big as the largest ovigerous

females are hardly asymmetrical.

Ovigerous females have the carapace 14 millim. long and 16 millim.

in extreme breadth.

In the Indian Museum collection are 21 specimens from various

stations along the shores of the Bay of Bengal from Mergui to Madras,

one of these—the smallest and most immature of all— belongs to Dr.

Anderson’s Mergui collection and is referred to in Dr. de Man’s report

(J. L. S., Zool., Vol. XXII) as allied to D. granulata.

If they are not De Haan’s species, they are a mere variety of D.

facchino.

100. Dorippe astuta, Fabr.

Dorippe astuta, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 361.

Cancer astutus, Herbst, Krabben, III. iii. 45, pl. lv. fig. 6.

Dorippe astuta, Bosc, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 208: Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat.

Crust. II. 157: Haswell, Cat. Austral.. Crust. p. 136: A. O. Walker, Journ. Linn.

Soc., Zool., Vol. XX. 1886-90, p. 111: Ortmann, Zool. Jahrbuch., Syst., VI. 1892,

p. 562: Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 405.

Body and appendages not pubescent as in D. dorsipes and facchino,

but covered with short distant hairs that are not very plainly visible

to the naked eye: the hairs on the edges of the propodites and dactyli

of the first two pairs of true legs, however, form a long thick fringe.

The carapace is extremely flat, almost laminar ; its surface is smooth,

and the regions are defined by grooves.

Extreme length of carapace a little greater than extreme breadth.

The spine at the outer angle of the orbit does not nearly reach

to the level of the tip of the frontal teeth: the part of the carapace

that covers the base of the eyestalk is not hood-like, and has not its

angles pronounced : the spine at the inner canthus of the orbit is quite

rudimentary. :

The lateral margins of the carapace are smooth. The abdomen

of the male is unarmed, that of the female has the 3rd and 4th terga

bluntly and very inconspicuously carinate transversely.

The chelipeds are smooth when denuded ; in the adult male they

are asymmetrical just as in D. dorsipes and facchino.

1896.] A. Aleock— Carcinological Fauna of India. 281

The second true leg is three times as long as the carapace, and very

much less than twice the length of the fourth leg.

The adult male has the carapace 12 millim. long and 11:5 millim.

broad, as has also the apparently adult female.

In the Indian Museum collection are eight specimens from the

Andamans, Mergui, Orissa coast, and Karachi.

Several of them are encrusted with a small species of Scalpellum,

and one carries across its back a large (inhabited) worm-tube, which is

said by Dr. Giles to be a habit with this species.

101. Dorippe polita, Alcock and Anderson.

Dorippe polita, Alcock and Anderson, J. A. 8. B., Vol. LXIII. 1894, pt. 2, p. 208,

and Ill. Zool. ‘ Investigator,’ Crustacea, pl. xxiv. fig. 4 (in the press).

General surface of the body and appendages smooth hard polished

and free of hairs: there are a few scanty hairs on the edges only of some

of the joints of the chelipeds and external maxillipeds.

The extreme length of the carapace is a very little less than the

extreme breadth: the grooves that define the regions are shallow and

not very conspicuous. The end of the endostomial channel projects

between, and a little beyond the tips of the frontal teeth ; and has its

free edge emarginate, so that the front appears to consist of four sharp

lobes, the median two of which are on a lower level than the other two.

The spine at the outer angle of the orbit is broadly triangular, its

tip scarcely surpasses the level of the tips of the frontal teeth: the

spine at the inner canthus is blunt and very small and inconspicuous :

the portion of the carapace that covers the base of the eyestalk is, as in

D. astuta, in simple continuity with the side of the front.

The abdominal terga of the female are smooth and polished.

The second pair of true legs are about 23 times the length of the

carapace and are very much less than twice the length of the fourth

pair; their carpopodites, like those of the first pair, are faintly bicari-

nate. The pleura covering the bases of the last two pairs of legs are

singularly large.

The larger of two ovigerous females in the Indian Museum col-

lection has the carapace 11°56 millim. long and 12 millim. in extreme

breadth.

Hthusa, Roux.

Ethusa, Roux, Crust. de la Méditerranée, pl. xviii. and text relating thereto.

Eihusa, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 161.

Ethusina, 8.1. Smith, ‘ Albatross’ Crustacea, 1883, in Ann, Rep, U. 8. Comm.

Fish, &c., 1882 (1884).

Ethusa, Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, pp. 328, 331,

J; 1, 36

282 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

Carapace shaped much as in Dorippe. The front consists of two

laminar teeth each of which again is bifid at tip: on either side of the

front, and separated from it by a deep cleft, is a long flat tooth or spine

formed by the prolongation of the antero-external angle of the cara-

pace, and forming the outer angle of the orbit. There is practically no

orbital floor. The antennules fold obliquely: they are large, but fold

fairly well into their fosse. The antenne have a long flagellum: their

basal joint is inserted between the eyestalk and the basal antennulary

joint, but on a slightly lower level.

The buccal cavern is elongate-triangular and does not extend to

the front: the external maxillipeds cover only its basal three-fourths, or

thereabout, somewhat as in Dorippe, but the distal part is closed in by

stout foliaceous processes of the first maxillipeds. The flagellum or

palp of the external maxillipeds arises near the antero-external angle

of the rather broad merus, and is completely exposed in flexion.

The afferent branchial orifices are wide openings immediately in

front of the bases of the chelipeds.

The chelipeds in the adult male are often unequal: the legs have

the same form and relations as in Dorippe, but the last two small and

dorsally placed pairs are not subchelate, although their little hook-like

dactylus folds backwards. The dactyli of the 1st and 2nd pairs are

palmulate and are very long and stout. The abdomen of the male usually

consists of 5 pieces, the 3rd—5th terga being fused, that of the female

consists of 7 separate terga. As in Dorippe the first three terga are

visible in a dorsal view.

There is very little hair about the carapace and larger appendages.

In the Indian seas the species of this genus are, so far as is known,

found only at depths of between 200 and 1,300 fathoms.

Key to the Indian species of Ethusa.

I. Carapace barely longer than broad: basal

antennulary joint not abnormally enlarged

and swollen: eyestalks freely movable :—

1. Branchial regions much swollen, and

causing a strong bulge of the lateral

' borders of the carapace posteriorly: ex-

ternal orbital spines long slender acute,

and projecting obliquely :—

i. External orbital spmes projecting be-

youd! the trontaluspimesiserssseseeseaeeeeee Ei. indica.

ji. External orbital spines not project-

ing to the level of the frontal spines ... EH. pyginza.

1896.] A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 283

2. Lateral borders of the carapace gradu-

ally convergent without any strong bulge

in their posterior (branchial) part: ex-

ternal orbital spines short broad flat trian-

gular, with a mucronate tip ......... .. H. andamanica.

II. Carapace manifestly longer Peta ered:

basal antennulary joint enormously enlarged

and swollen, globular in shape, pushing the

eyes permanently outwards :—

1. Eyes practically immobile: chelipeds

in the male symmetrical........................ H. investigatoris.

2. Eyes preserving good power of move-

ment: one cheliped in the male very

markedly larger than the other................ EH. desciscens.

102. Hthusa indica, Alcock.

Ethusa indica, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., May, 1894, p. 405, and Ill. Zool.

‘Investigator,’ Crust. pl. xiv. fig. 2, 2.

Carapace convex; its extreme length, including the frontal teeth,

in the male only just exceeds, and in the female equals, its extreme

breadth ; its surface is finely and closely granular almost everywhere,

except sometimes on the cardiac-intestinal region.

The branchial regions are much swollen, both dorsally and_ later-

ally, the lateral swelling making the carapace more than one-third

broader across the middle of the branchial regions than across the bases

of the external orbital spines. The cardiac-intestinal region is sinall

and well defined, and although it is tumid it is commonly sunk below

the level of the branchial convexities. The anterior regions of the

carapace are undefined.

The spine at the external orbital angle is broad-based, but long

slender and acute: it projects obliquely outwards well beyond the tips of

the frontal teeth. The two pairs of frontal teeth are longish and acute—

the outer pair being somewhat the longer: they as well as the external

orbital spine are a good deal concealed in a fringe of long hairs.

The eyestalks are short slender and freely movable: the eyes are

often a little deficient in pigment.

The basal antennulary joint is not abnormally enlarged.

The chelipeds in the adult male only are asymmetrical, all the

joints of one side being enlarged in all dimensions: the smaller cheliped

is hardly as stout as the first two pairs of legs.

The second pair of true legs are not very much longer than the

first: in the adult male they are a little more than three times the

284 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

length of the carapace, and slightly more than three times the length

of the 4th (last) pair; in the female they are not quite three times

the length of the carapace, and about 27 times the length of the 4th

pair.

‘The abdomen of the male consists of 5 pieces, the 3rd—5th terga

being fused together.

The extreme length of the carapace is in the fully adult male 16°5

millim., in the fully adult female 15 millim.; the breadth 16 millim.

in the male, 15 millim. in the female.

Has been dredged in the Andaman Sea at 240 fms., in the

““ Swatch” of the Gangetic Delta at 409 and at 405 to 285 fms., in the

Laceadive Sea at 696 fms., off the Maldives at 719 fms., and off both

coasts of Ceylon at 406 to 296 fms.

103. Hthusa pygmexa, Alcock.

Ethusa pygmexa, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., May 1894, p. 406, and Ill. Zool.

‘Investigator,’ Crust. pl. xiv. fig. 5, 2.

Distinguished from ZH. indica only in the following particulars :—

(1) its size is much smaller, the largest known specimen—an oyi-

gerous female—having the carapace slightly over 6 millim. long and

nearly 7 millim. broad : :

(2) the external orbital spines, though of the same slender acute

shape, are not so prominent, not reaching as far as the tips of the

frontal teeth :

(3) the anterior regions of the carapace are plainly defined by

grooves.

Andaman Sea 188 to 220 fathoms, and 240 to 220 fms.

104. Hthusa andamanica, Alcock.

Ethusa andamanica, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., May 1894, p. 405, and Ill.

Zool. ‘Investigator,’ Crust. pl. xiv. fig. 8, young ¢.

Carapace flat, its extreme length only just exceeds its extreme

breadth, its surface finely granular under the lens, but smooth to the

naked eye.

The branchial regions are a little tumid dorsally, but do not bulge

laterally, so that the convergent lateral borders are nearly straight.

The external orbital spine is broadly triangular, with a mucronate

tip which does not quite reach to the tips of the frontal spines ; these

also are acutely triangular, and all are a good deal hidden by a

fringe of long hairs.

The eyestalks are short and rather stout, movable, but not very

freely so: the eyes are not deficient in pigment. The basal antennulary

joint is not enlarged.

1896. ] A. Aleock— Carcinological Fauna of India. 285

The chelipeds of the adult male are unknown: in the female they

are not so stout as the first two pairs of legs.

The second pair of legs in the female (adult male unknown) exceed

the first almost by the length of the dactylus, they are three times

the length of the carapace and about 25 times the length of the 4th pair.

The extreme length of the carapace of the largest specimen, which

is not adult, is 9°5 millim., the extreme breadth 9 millim.

Andaman Sea 188 to 220 fms., and 238 to 290 fms.

This species may possibly be only a variety of Hthusa orientalis,

Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 330, pl. xxvii. fig. 4.

105. Hthusa (Hthusina) investigatoris, n. sp.

Carapace manifestly longer than broad, somewhat convex, smooth

to the naked eye though finely granular under the lens.

The branchial regions are a good deal swollen both dorsally and

laterally, bulging out the lateral margins and making the carapace

a third broader across the middle of the branchial regions than across

the bases of the external orbital spines.

The cardiac-intestinal region is well-defined and tumid, but not

sunk below the level of the branchial convexities: the anterior regions

of the carapace are fairly well defined.

The frontal portion of the carapace is separated frora the rest of the

carapace by a transverse groove or crease. The external orbital spine

is long and needle-like, but its tip falls considerably short of the tips of

the rather long acute frontal spines.

The basal antennal joint is huge and swollen, almost globular in

shape. Owing to its size the eyes are pushed outwards until the eye-

stalks have come to liealmost in the transverse axis of the carapace,

with the tips of the eyes just visible, dorsally, beyond the lateral edge

of the external orbital spine; and in this position they are almost

immovably fixed.

The chelipeds in the apparently adult male are symmetrical and

are not much stouter, except as to the hands, than the first two pairs

of legs ; the hands, however, are somewhat enlarged.

The second pair of true legs exceeds the first by about a third of

the length of the dactylus; they are more than three times the length

of the carapace, and about 2¢ times the length of the 4th pair.

The abdomen of the male consists of 5 pieces, the 3rd-5th terga

being fused together.

Length of carapace of an adult male 12°3 millim., extreme breadth

11°3 millim.

Colours in life milk-white with the tip of the legs faint pink.

286 A. Alcock—Carcinological Fuuna of India. [No. 2,

Bay of Bengal 1300 fathoms, Laccadive Sea 1200 fms.

This species may possibly be only a variety of Hthusa ( Lthusina)

gracilipes, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 332, pl. xxix. fig, 1.

106. Hithusa (Hthusina) desciscens, n. sp.

Only differs from H. investigatoris (1) in its smaller size, (2) in

having the eyestalks somewhat more mobile, and (3) in having the hand

of one cheliped (in the male) much larger than the other.

I should have regarded it as a variety of H. investigatoris but that

two specimens coming from very different localities and depths present

the same peculiarities.

Length of carapace of largest specimen 9 millim., extreme breadth

8 millim.

Andaman Sea 265 fathoms, Laccadive Sea 912 to 931 fms.

Cymonomops, Alcock.

Cymonomops, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., May 1894, p. 406.

Allied to Cyclodorippe, Cymonomus, etc.

Carapace of the Dorippe type (that is to say having its greatest

breadth at its extreme posterior limit and leaving about half of the

abdominal terga exposed to dorsal view), but arched anteriorly almost in

a semicircle; its regions well defined in much the same way as Dorippe.

The front is narrow and the whole fronto-orbital region lies well inside

the semicircular curve of the antero-lateral margins: the narrow front

ends in two little teeth between and beyond which can be seen the roof

of the greatly prolonged buccal cavern, as in Dorippe polita. On either

side of the front is a spine that forms the roof of the orbit, and outside

of this spine, and separated from it by a deep notch, is a spine that

forms the outer wall of the orbit.

The eyestalks are slender, moderately long, and freely movable:

the eyes are almost without pigment.

The antennules have their basal joint lodged in a deep crevice

between the edge of the anterior prolongation of the buccal cavern and

the antenne: their long flagellum cannot be concealed in flexion. The

antenne are large, but are much smaller than the antennules.

The buccal cavern is of great size,—not much less than half the

length of the body, and is gradually narrowed anteriorly, and prolonged

beyond the tip of the front: it is closed, except at its extreme frontal

tip, by the long narrow external maxillipeds, the merus of which is not

very much shorter than the ischium measured along the inner border

and the flagellum of which is expossed in flexion: the long narrow

pointed exognath is not much longer than the ischium: beneath the

1896. } A. Aleock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 287

external maxillipeds the anterior prolongation of the buccal cavern is

closed in below by a lamellar process of the first maxillipeds.

The chelipeds in both sexes are short, massive, and equal and

symmetrical: the hands are of the chopper-shaped, almost subcheli-

form, Raninoid type, the stout fingers being almost at right angles

to the long axis of the hand.

The first and second pairs of true legs are stout and are of great

length, their merus being of relatively enormous length: the third

and fourth pairs on the other hand, which are dorsal in position as in

Dorippe, are extremely short and of filiform tenuity.

The abdomen in both sexes consists of six segments: in the male

two or three of them are fused and the whole abdomen is very small,

in the female the last segment is of great size.

[? The afferent branchial opening appears to lie in the deep crevice

between the base of the antenne and the edge of the buccal frame

in which the basal joint of the antennules is lodged. |

107. Cymonomops glaucomma, Alcock.

Cymonomops glaucomma, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., May 1894, p. 406, and Ill.

Zool. ‘ Investigator,’ Crustacea pl. xiv. fig. 9.

Carapace subcircular; it and the appendages are very closely and

finely granular beneath a dense pubescence. The front consists of three

deeply cut lobes, the middle one of which is the true front and is the

largest and most prominent. The middle lobe again is slightly cleft at

the tip, and in the cleft is to be seen projecting the roof of the remark-

ably prolonged buccal cavity.

The external orbital angle, which is somewhat ventrad in position,

also forms a projecting tooth, so that the orbito-frontal region, which is

sharply delimited from the rest of the inflated carapace, has the form of

a five-pronged crest or crown. The regions of ‘the carapace are plainly

delimited, excepting only in the case of the boundary between the

gastric and cardiac regions. The pterygostomian regions are most

remarkably puffed ont.

The abdomen (in the female) is large, and the terminal segment

has the form of a broad semicircular plate, broader than any of the

other segments and nearly as long as all of them put together: in the

male the abdomen is very small.

The orbits are capacious, but the eyestalks are slender and the

eyes are unpigmented and semi-opaque.

The antennules, which are much larger and longer than the an-

tenn, are incapable of flexion beneath the front.

The external maxillipeds are of great length, in correspondence with

288 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. . [No. 2,

the remarkable trough-like prolongation of the buccal cavity, which they

completely close in below ; their meropodite, which is prolonged far be-

yond the insertion of the palp, covers the bases of the antennules and an-

tenne, their tips in fact being visible from above ; the slender exopodite

does not much surpass the ischium.

The chelipeds are short but massive, and are equal, the merus is

curved, the carpus is very small, the palm is large and tumid, and the

fingers which are set almost at right angles to the hand, are broad,

compressed, pointed, very closely apposable, and have their cutting-edge

very finely denticulated.

The second and third legs are of great length, being more than

four times the length of the body, the merus forming more than half

their extent; their dactylus is filiform and is not much longer than

their protopodite. The fourth and fifth legs have the family position,

but are mere rudiments, being of hair-like tenuity and only about three-

fourths of the carapace in length; the fifth ends in a hook-like dactyl-

us.

A female from the Andaman Sea, 405 fathoms, has the following

dimensions :— Length of carapace 65 millim., breadth 65 millim.,

length of cheliped 9 millim., length of second leg 28°5 millim., of fourth

leg 4°5 millim. A male from the Andaman Sea, 265 fathoms, is

smaller.

Colour in the fresh state chalky pink.

Family RANINIDA.

Raniniens, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II, 190.

Raninoidea, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 136.

Raninidea, Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. pp. 400, 403.

Raninidea, Henderson, ‘ Challenger’ Anomura, p. 26.

Carapace much longer than broad, remarkably elongate and convex

from side to side, commonly obconical or obovate in outline, the oreatest

breadth being at or close behind the level of the front. Abdomen nar-

row in both sexes, the greater number of the terga fully exposed in a

dorsal view. ‘The sternum is elongate, broad between the first pair or

first two pairs of legs, and then becoming narrow and finally linear.

The true front is narrow: in the same plane with it the antero-

external angle of the orbit is usually produced, somewhat as in Dorippe,

to form a spine; and between the two is the orbit.

Except in the deep-sea forms the eyestalks are long. The orbits

are very complete, except sometimes on the ventral aspect, where the

large basal joints of the antennules and antenne serve in large part as

an orbital floor.

1896.] A. Aleock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 289

The antennules are large, but do not fold into fossettes. The an-

tenn also are large, and arise on a plane more or less ventrad of the

antennules.

The buecal cavern is remarkably elongate, and is completely closed.

by the external maxillipeds. As in all other Ozystoma the efferent

branchial channels form a canal in the middle of the endostome, which

canal is covered by a lamellar prolongation of the exopodites of the first

maxillipeds: as in Dorippe the canal is prolonged forwards between the

bases of the antennules.

As in the Leucosiidx the afferent branchial channels are not found

in front of the bases of the chelipeds.

Somewhat in the same way as in the Leucosiide the palp of the

external maxillipeds is small and arises at the far end of a groove along

the inner edge of the merus, so as to be completely concealed in repose :

the exognath is very narrow, and, as in the Tymoline, does not reach

very far beyond the end of the ischium of the endognath.

Hxcept in Zanclifer the chelipeds have the hand broad flat and

somewhat chopper-shaped, the fingers (which form the head of the

chopper) being at right angles, or nearly so, with the long axis of the

hand; and as the immobile finger springs from a very broad base, the

chelz rather resemble subchele.

The legs commonly have the propodite broad or foliaceous, and the

dactylus foliaceous or very broadly palmulate, somewhat as in Matuta :

the last pair of legs is in, and the penultimate pair approaches, the

dorsal plane of the body.

The genital ducts of the male perforate, and protrude far beyond,

the bases of the fifth pair of legs: those of the female perforate the

bases of the third pair of legs.

The following genera belong to this family. Indian genera are

printed in Roman type and those represented in the Indian Museum

collection are marked with an asterisk :—

Family Raninide.

* Cosmonotus.

* Lyreidus.

-* Notopus. |

Notopoides, Henderson, ‘ Challenger ’ Anomura, p. 29.

Ranilia, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 195.

* Ranina, Lamarck, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. IT. 191.

* Raninoides.

Raninops, A. Milne Hdwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. VIII. 1880, p. 34.

Zanclifer, Henderson, ‘ Challenger’ Anomura, p, 34.

Ale aims Yh

290 A. Aleock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

Key to the Indian genera of Raninide.

I. Last pair of legs of normal size: antenne with

avery stout peduncle that hides the antennules:

antennary flagellum long and stiff :—

1. A well-developed rostral spine..................... Notopus.

2. A V-shaped excision in the carapace in place

of a rostrum.. soon ee °° .. Cosmonotus.

Il. Last pair of lees abdrmnally sat a leaden

—almost filiform: antennary peduncle not com-

pletely hiding the antennules: antennary flagellum

small :—

1. Fronto-orbital border more than half the width

of the carapace: sternum broad as far as the

third pereiopods: merus of the external maxilli-

peds shorter than the ischium .....,.. . Raninoides.

2. Fronto-orbital border less than half the Pan

of the carapace: sternum broad only as far as

the second pereiopods: merus of the external

maxillipeds a little longer than the ischium ...... Lyreidus.

Notopus, De Haan.

Notopus, DeHaan, Faun. Japon. Crust. pp. 137, 138.

Notopus, Henderson, ‘ Challenger’ Anomura, p. 31.

Carapace obovate or obconical in outline, strongly convex from

side to side, nearly smooth: regions undefined. Fronto-orbital border

more than half the breadth of the carapace. LHyes distinct, eyestalks

long slender and cylindrical, orbits oblique.

Antennules much smaller than the antenne, Antenne with a long

very stout peduncle and long stout flagellum, the peduncle concealing

the antennulary peduncle. Merus of the external maxillipeds a little

shorter than the ischium, and having its inner border thickened and

raised. Sternum broad between the chelipeds and then suddenly be-

coming very narrow. Last pair of legs of normal size, arising a little

in advance of the penultimate pair.

The abdomen in both sexes has all 7 terga separate.

108. Notopus dorsipes, (Fabr.) De Haan.

Pedieulus marinus, Rumph, Amboin. Rariteitk. I, 29, pl. x. fig. 3

Hippa dorsipes, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Il. 475.

Albunea dorsipes, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 397.

Ranina dorsipes, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins. VI. 133, [and Encyel.

Method. X. 268, pl. 287, fig. 2]: Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 19a.

1896. ] A. Aleock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 291

Notopus dorsipes, DeHaan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 139, pl. xxxv. fig. 5: Studer,

Abh. Ak. Berl. 1882 (1883) p. 17, pl. i. figs. 6 a—b and pil. ii. figs. 7 a-d.

The greatest breadth of the carapace—at the fronto-orbital border

—1is about two-thirds the greatest length.

On the fronto-orbital border are 5 spines of about equal size,

separated by deep bights, the middle spine being the true front or

rostrum: the outermost spines on either side form the antero-external

angles of the carapace, are on a different plane from the others, and

are joined across the carapace by a serrated ridge.

The carapace is a good deal pitted in the centre: the lateral borders

in their anterior half have, like the surface of the merus of the external

maxillipeds and of the greater part of the pterygostomian region,

numerous squamiform granules; in their posterior half the lateral

borders are finely raised, and milled. A raised ridge traverses the

carapace in the middle line from tle tip of the front nearly to the

posterior border. The trigonal ischium of the chelipeds is somewhat

swollen and has its outer surface tattooed with linear dents with hairy

edges ; the carpus has its dorsal surface serrated; the hand has hairy

linear dents and squamiform rows of serrations on both its surfaces,

but especially on the outer; and the dactylus has a smooth cutting

edge and closes against a single distinctly large tooth at the tip of the

immobile finger.

The true legs have one or both edges of many of their joints

scantily fringed with long stiff hairs: except in the case of the last

pair—in which the carpopodites and propodites are foliaceously ex-

panded—these joints are only moderately expanded ; and exceps in the

case of the penultimate pair—in which the dactylus is foliaceous—this

joint is broadly palmulate.

In the Indian Museum collection are specimens from the Anda-

mans, and from off the Malabar coast 45 fathoms.

Cosmonotus, Adams & White.

Cosmonotus, Adams & White, ‘ Samarane’ Crust. p. 60, 1848.

Cosmonotus, Dana, U. 8S. Expl. Exp., Crust. pt. I. p. 404.

Cosmonotus, Henderson, ‘ Challenger’ Anomura, p. 32.

Carapace elongate-heptagonal in outline, strongly convex, the

summit of the convexity forming a sharp mid-dorsal ridge. Instead of

a “front” there is a V-shaped excision, filled by the basal joints of the

eyestalks. The eyes are distinct, the eyestalks are slender and are

of remarkable length: each orbit forms a narrow trench just beneath

and along almost the whole length of either anterior border of the

carapace, the two orbits together forming a very perfect and obyious Y.

292 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

The antennules are almost hidden by the much larger and stonter

antenne, as in Notopus.

The maxillipeds, legs, sternum and abdomen are as in Nolopus.

109. Cosmonotus grayii, Ad. & Wh.

Cosmonotus grayit, ‘Adams and White, ‘Samarang’ Crust. p. 60, pl. xiii. fig. 3

(P. Z. 8. 1847, p. 227, fig., and Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) Il. 1848, p. 287): Stimpson,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1858, p. 241: Henderson, ‘ Challenger’ Anomura, p.

33: [Cano, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napol. III. 1889, p. 256].

The carapace is unevenly covered with pits and dents which give

it, when examined with a lens, a somewhat squamiform appearance.

There is a small denticle on either side of the froutal notch and a claw-

hike spinule at either antero-external angle of the carapace—this is all

the armature. The pterygostomian region is granular. The outer edge

of the exognath is thickly fringed with hair, the merus and the outer

margin of the ischium of the endognath are granular.

The chelipeds are hairy along the dorsal edge, and the edges of

the legs—of the last pair especially—are hairy. The chelipeds are

also a good deal pitted and dented, like the dorsum of the carapace.

The movable finger is rather strongly curved, and owing to the

prominence of a single tooth just beyond the middle of the cutting

edge, is curiously sickle-shaped.

In the Indian Museum collection is a single male from the

Persian Gulf.

Raninoides, Milne Edwards.

Raninoides, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 196.

Raninoides, Henderson, ‘Challenger’ Anomnra, p. 27.

Carapace remarkably elongate-obovate, strongly convex from side

to side, about twice as long as broad, its surface for tne most part smooth,

the regions undefined. Fronto-orbital border slightly less than the

greatest width of the carapace. Hyes small but distinct, eyestalks

broadly dilated at base, orbits slightly oblique.

Antennules about equal in size to the antenne: antenns with a

stout peduncle and a rather short slender flagellum, the peduncle not

concealing the antennulary peduncle. Merus of the external maxil-

lipeds shorter than the ischium ; its edges slightly thickened and raised.

Sternum broad between the chelipeds and as far as the bases of the

second pair of true legs, then becoming extremely narrow.

Last pair of legs abnormally short and slender, arising much in

advance of the penultimate pair. The abdomen in both sexes consists of

7 separate segments.

1896. ] A. Aleoeck—- Carcinological Fauna of India. ~~ 293

110. Raninoides personatus, White, Henderson.

Raninoides personatus, White MS., Henderson ‘ Challenger’ Anomura p. 27 pl. ii.

fig. 5.

Carapace twice as long as broad. The lateral border in its posterior

half is defined by a fine raised and milled line, and at either external

orbital angle is prolonged into a spine, at a distance behind which

equal to the distance between it and the rostrum is a second smaller,

but still large, spine. The carapace between the two latter spines is

finely punctate and in places granular, elsewhere it is smooth and

polished.

The front consists of three teeth, the middle one of which alone

is large and prominent forming the true rostrum, the lateral teeth

being small: between each of these small lateral teeth and the external

orbital spine, and separated from both by a fissure, is an angular lobe

that completes the roof of the orbit. The whole fronto-orbital border

is hairy. The pterygostomian regions are densely grauular in a well

defined band that occupies much more than their outer half.

The chelipeds have the ischium armed distally, on its inner border

with a sharp slender spine: two similar spines occur towards the distal

end of the carpus—the larger one being on the outer border, the

smaller on the dorsal surface: a similar spine is found towards the

far end of the outer border of the hand, and three occur along the

inner border of the hand: the dactylus has a smooth cutting edge,

but the opposed edge of the immobile finger is very sharply laciniate

up to a sharp terminal spine. There is no spine on the outer edge of

the dactylus. The third pair of true legs has its merus on both edges

and the other joints on the posterior edge fringed with long stiff hairs,

the second pair has similar hairs on the posterior edge of merus carpus

aud propodite, the first pair on lower edge of propodite.

Excluding the filiform last pair, the other legs have the carpus

dorsally carinate, and the propodite and dactylus foliaceous.

In the Indian Museum collection are numerous specimens from the

coasts of the Bay of Bengal, from 12 to 70 fathoms.

@ . . .

111. Raiwinoides serratifrons, Henderson.

Raninoides serratifrons, Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893, p-

408, pl. xxxviii. figs. 10-12.

Differs from It. personatus Henderson in the following particulars: —

(1) the rostrum is carinated, and it, as well as the dentiform lobe

at either side of its base, has the edge sharply clearly and uniformly

serrated :

(2) between the dentiform lobe at the base of the rostrum and the

294 A. Aleock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 2,

external orbital spine is, not an angular lobe, but a sharp spine :

(3) the spine on the lateral border behind the external orbital

spine isa mere spinule, and the carapace in front of a well defined

transverse line that connects these spines is covered with small squami-

form granules :

(4) there is no spine on the ischium of the chelipeds ; the wrist

has its dorsal surface closely covered with somewhat scale-like granules;

the hand has its inner surface covered, but not nearly so closely, with

rather larger granules and has its outer edge sharply bicarinate :

(5) the dactylus of the second and third pairs of true legs is

sickle-shaped :

(6) the small last pair of legs are stouter.

In the Indian Museum collection are two specimens—a small

female from off Ceylon 28 fms., and a large female from off the Malabar

coast 45 fms.

Lyreidus, De Haan.

Lyreidus, DeHaan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 138.

Lyreidus, Henderson, ‘ Challenger’ Anomura, p. 33.

Carapace elongate-obovate, the antero-lateral margins independent

and gradually convergent; strongly convex from side to side and

slightly convex from before backwards; smooth and polished, with the

regions undefined. Fronto-orbital border less than half the breadth of

the carapace. Hyes small; eyestalks short, broad at base, orbits hardly

oblique.

Antennules about equal in size to the antenne: antenne with a

stoutish peduncle and rather short slender flagellum, the peduncle not

concealing the antennulary peduncle.

Merus of the external maxillipeds a little longer than the ischium.

Sternum broad as far as the bases of the first pair of true legs,

then becoming narrow. Last pair of legs abnormally short and slender,

arising well in advance of the posterior pair. The abdomen in both

sexes consists of 7 distinct segments.

112. Lyreidus channeri, Wood-Mason.

Lyreidus channeri, Wood-Mason, P. A. 8. B., August, 1885, p. 104, and J. A.

S. B., Vol. LVI. 1887, pt. 2, p. 206, pl. i.

Lyreidus gracilis, Wood-Mason, J. A. 8. B., Vol. LVI. 1887, pt. 2, p. 376.

The greatest breadth of the carapace—considerably in rear of the

front—is a good deal more than half its greatest length, and is about

24 times the width of the fronto-orbital border.

1896.] A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 295

The rostrum consists of a simple flat acutely-triangular spine ; on

either side of it, projecting beyond it, separated from it by a deep bight,

and parallel with its tip, is a long acicular spine forming the external

orbital angle. The fronto-orbital region is hairy.

The gradually convergent antero-lateral borders are about two-

fifths the length of the postero-lateral borders, the junction of the two

borders being occupied by a long oblique acicular spine; and nearly

midway between this spine and the spine at the external angle of the

orbit on either side, is another similar but rather shorter spine. The

postero-lateral borders are defined in more than their posterior half by

a very fine raised line.

The surface of the carapace is finely and closely punctulate in all

its anterior half, as are also the pterygostomian regions.

The eyestalks are broad and flat, and taper to the cornea, which

has a somewhat lateral position and is a little deficient in pigment. The

arms have a spine or two little spines near the middle of their dorsal

surface: the wrist hasa large spine in the distal half of its upper

border: the hand has its outer (upper) edge carinate up to a subterm-

inal denticle, and has its lower edge cut into two or three sharp

teeth: the dactylus has its cutting edge faintly and irregularly sinuous,

but by no means denticulate, and the opposed edge of the immobile

finger is irregularly and rather bluntly jagged. The legs are almost

free from hair, a few hairs occurring on the posterior edge of the pro-

podite and dactylus of the third pair and on the last two joints of the

rudimentary fourth pair only: in the first and third pairs the carpus is

dorsally carinate and the propodite foliaceously expanded, in the first

and second pairs the dactylus is little more than broadly palmulate, and

in the third pair the dactylus is foliaceous. The third and fourth ab-

dominal terga are armed each with a median recurved spine, in both

Sexes.

The largest female in the Indian Museum collection has the cara-

pace 28°5 millim. long, a smaller ovigerous female has the carapace

26°5 millim. long.

Wood-Mason established his two species on two specimens, one of

which—L. channeri—had suffered a good deal from breakage and

imperfect re-growth about the frontal region.

A considerable series of the specimens since obtained shows that

the two supposed species are really one.

In the Indian Museum collection are numerous specimens, from

the Andaman Sea 220 to 271 fms., from the Bay of Bengal 200 to 405

fathoms, and from both sides of Ceylon 296 to 406 fms.

Uniform salmon-colour in life, white in spirit.

296

A. Aleock— Carcinological Fauna of India.

[ No. 2,

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

SID OR 0 Po

ED One be) Oe

Ea I)

IDAs) WAL

Calappa pustulosa.

Calappa woodmasoni.

Pseudophilyra woodmasoni.

Leucosia corallicola.

Leucosia sima.

Leucosia truncata.

Pseudophilyra blanfordi.

Pirate VII.

Philyra corallicola.

Philyra sexangula.

Ebalia woodmasoni.

Ebalia diadumena.

Nursia blanfordi.

Nursia nasuta.

Nursia persica.

Prate VIII.

Heteronucia vesiculosa.

Pariphiculus rostratus.

Actzomorpha morum.

Tlos patella.

el EEET—EEEeETEOOEEOOeeOeeese i Nee

pueceek, 2. A. S. B. Vol. LXV. Pt.2. PLATE VI:

SG: Mondul del. et. lith:

1 Calappa pustulosa,é 2. Calappa wood-masoni,é 3. Pseudophilyra wood-masoni, &.

4. Leucosia corallicola,d. 5, Leucosia sima, 2. 6. Leucosia truncata, &.

& Pseudophilyra blanfordi, ¢

micocks J.A.S. B. Vol. LXV. Pt. 2. PLATE VIL.

A.C. Chowdhary & S.C. Mondul del. A.C.Chowdhary lith:

1.Philyra corallicola,d#. 2. Philyra sexangula,o 3.Ebalia wood-masoni, &

4. Ebala diadumena, o. 5. Nursia blanfordi, 9.

6. Nursla nasuta, o& 7. Nursia persica, Q.

pag eat Suh dew, Th

Ryoy i

ee he

Aleock J. A. S. B, Vol. LXV. Pt. 2. PLATE Vill

S.C.Mondul & A.C. Chowdhary de} S.C. Mondul ith

1. Heteronucia vesicuk 8. Pariphiculus

3. Actacomorphs, morum, 9

4. Tlos patella, 9.

1896. ] G. King & D. Prain— On Croftia. 297

On Croftia, a new Indo-Chinese genus of Scitamineae.—

By G. Kine and D, Pray.

[Recd. 3lst May, Read 3rd June. |

With Plate IX.

While engaged in sorting into the Calcutta Herbarium the material

of the natural order Scitamineae received since 1892 (the date when the

account of the family published in vol. vi. of the Flora of British India

was completed) the writers met with a form that appears to differ

generically from any hitherto described.

A member of the tribe Zingibereae, this plant by the form and ar-

rangement of its flowers recalls the genus Globba, by its habit and its

fruit the genus Cautleya. In reality, however, it is equally remote from

both ; its 3-locular ovary forbids more than a passing comparison with

Globba; the absence of a lip makes its association with Cautleya

impossible.

Its nearest natural ally appears to be the genus Rhynchanthus, along-

side of which it must be placed. This genus* is remarkable among

Huzingibereae in possessing small erect corolla-lobes, a lip that is

reduced to a mere tooth, and a most curious petaloid filament bearing

an anther with no appendage; it is at the same time devoid—though

this is a less unusual character—of any trace of lateral staminodes.

Rhynchanthus has been compared by its author with the genus Burbid-

gea+ which differs in having broad corolla lobes, a distinct lip, a

stamen with short filament and an anther with a long appendage;

here again there is no trace of lateral staminodes. |

The present plant resembles Khynchanthus in possessing small

erect corolla-lobes and an inappendiculate anther ; it agrees further in

having no lip—that organ not being represented even by a tooth. But

its filament is not petaloid and there are present two distinct petaloid

lateral staminodes resembling a good deal those of a Globba or of a

Mantisia ; the corolla tube, moreover, which in Rhynchanthus is funnel-

shaped above the middle, is in the present plant very narrowly tubular

from base to limb, as in Globba; the stylodes also are elongated and

* RHyYNCHANTHUS Hook. fil. Bot. Mag. t. 6861 (1886); Engler, Natiirlich.

Pflanzenfam. ii. part 6. p. 23 (1889) ; Baker in Hook. fil. Flor. Brit. Ind. vi. 257

(1892). One species; R. longiflorus Hook. f, loc. cit., obtained in Upper Burma by

Dr. J. Anderson, and by the Collectors of Hort. Low.

+ Bursiweza Hook. fil. Bot. Mag. t. 6403 (1879); Engler, Nattirlich. Pflanzen-

fam. ii. part 6. p. 22 (1889). One species; B. nitida Hook. f. loc. cit., obtained by

Mr. F. W. Burbidge in North-West Borneo.

J. 11. 38

298 G. King & D, Prain— On Croftia. [No. 2,

filiform in place of being short and oblong. While then Burbidgea

deviates from Rhynchanthus in having a lip, the present plant differs

equally in having lateral staminodes. And though it comes nearer to

Rhynchanthus both as regards structure and as regards habitat than

Burbidgea does, it seems to the writers to differ sufficiently in essentials

to deserve generic rank apart from Rhynchanthus.

The necessary diagnosis and description are appended. The genus

has been named in honour of Sir Alfred Croft, k.c.Lu., lately Pre-

sident of the Society, whose warm sympathy with every branch of

Natural Science and of Literature is so well known to us all,

Nar. Orv. SCITAMINEAE.

Trib. Zingiberes.

Crortia King & Prain; gen. nov. Calyx spathaceo-tubulosus,

antice parum fissus, postice oblique breviter 3-dentatus. Corollae tubus

elongatus prorsus angustatus, lobi breves 3, ovato-lanceolati acuti,

erecti, postico ceteris paullo majore. Staminodia lateralia falcata

subpetaloidea prope basin filamenti opposita erecta dimidiumque

filamenti inferius arcte imbricatim amplectentia ; labellum plane obso-

letum. Filamentum elongatum ad styli receptionem canaliculatum ;

antherae loculi 2, parum distantes, connectivo ultra loculos hand

producto. Ovarium 3-loculare, placentis axilibus; stylus filiformis in

eanali filamenti receptus ; stigma ultra loculos parvum apice fimbriatum;

stylodia filiformia. Fructus ovatus pericarpio demum membranaceo ;

semina subglobosa arillo cupulari parvo tenui margine dentato basin

tantum seminis amplectente; embryone centrali, lineari, recto.

Rhizoma e fibris carnosis fasciculatis. olia ovato-lanceolata vel

lanceolata basi cordata, vaginis longis laxis. Inflorescentia terminalis,

spicata, subsecunda. lores singuli bracteéd spathaced, bracteolis 2

inaequalibns, sessiles, lutei.

CROFTIA SPECTABILIS King & Prain, A herb with thickly fas-

cicled root-fibres, rhizome very small. Stem 8-10 in. high, leafy.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, base cordate, apex acute or

acuminate, with lax sheaths 5-6 in. long; blades 3-5 in. long, 1°5 in.

wide, thin glabrous green on both surfaces, rather paler beneath.

Spikes 3 in. long, subsecund, 8-12-fld. Bracts thin *75—9 in. long, ovate-

lanceolate ; bracteoles ‘3in. long linear. Calyx °25 in. pale yellow

with red spots. Corolla with yellow tube ‘65 in. long, very slender

throughout, hirsute externally; lobes ‘3 in. long 15 in. wide ovyate-

lanceolate acute, glabrous on both surfaces. Filament *75 in. long;

lateral staminodes ‘4 in. long, glabrous on both surfaces, falcate, erect,

closely overlapping each other and the somewhat produced margins of the

1896. ] G. King & D. Prain— On Croftia. 299

lower half of the filament so as to form a subgibbous tube ; the channel

along the filament slightly pubescent with scattered hairs. Ovary pubes-

cent externally, crowned with a style 2in. long and with 2 filiform

stylodes *35 in. long. Fruit hirsute, ‘35 in. long, °25 in. across. Seeds

"12 in. long with a cupular hyaline basal arillus.

Urrer Burma: Shan Hills, at Taungyi. Dr. King’s Collectors !.

Flowers most resembling those of a Globba both in appearance and in arrange-

ment; there is here, however, no labellum, while the lateral staminodes and the

petals, in place of being patent, are erect; the lateral staminodes moreover are

here closely imbricately opposed to the lower half of the slender filament which

they embrace anteriorly, and towhich consequently they impart some degree of

support. In habit andin fruit this plant most resembles a Cautleya, but its floral

structure removes it as far from the Hedychieae as its ovarian structure removes

it from the Mantisieae. Its nearest ally is Rhynchanthus, one of the Euzingibereae,

of which it has much the bracts and calyx and quite the corolla. Rhynchanthus,

however, differs in having a petaloid filament without lateral staminodes; a stigma

with truncate entire, not fimbriate margin, and short oblong, not elongated filiform

stylodia.

Ee eee ees

SSNS AE NS i eicsbdeppsiwnnneonno

Tae inns aa le aac Od me orem

NEETU ire

dines es

ite ANSANY ON ANA orate paca aopega

Siac. Bere

coon

OUT NAT.

OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.

~—=2 2 oe

Vol. LXV. Part-IIl.—-NATURAL SCIENCE.

No. III.—1896.

Natural History Notes from H. M. Indian Marine Survey Steamer ‘ Investi-

gator, Commander C. F. Oldham, R. N., commanding. Series IT.

No. 23. A Supplementary List of the Marine Fishes of India, with

Descriptions of 2 New Genera and 8 New Species.—By A. Aucock,

M.B., C.M.Z.S., Superintendent of the Indian Museum.

[Recd. 5th June:—Read 1st July. ]

In Day’s Fishes, in the Fauna of British India, which was published

in 1889, 1,418 Indian fishes are described.

Of these about 1,010 are true marine species, most of them being

inhabitants of shallow water. During the last eleven years, however,

the deeper waters of India have been to a certain extent explored, with

“the result that 201 (? 202) species of marine fishes have been added

to the Fauna known to Dr. Day.

These 201 (? 202) species belong to 118 (119) genera, of which

86 (? 87) are not recorded in the Fauna of British India, and to 32

families, of which 8 are not recorded in the Fauna of British India.

In describing the latest collection of fishes made by the officers of

the “Investigator” I have thought it advisable to bring together in

one list all these additions to the Indian Fauna, preliminary to the

preparation of a complete and succinct account of the whole.

In this list the Families and Genera new to the Indian Fauna are

marked with an asterisk and are numbered serially.

J. 1. 39

mse!

502 A. Alcock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. (No. 3,.

§ 1. Descriptions of new species.

Family Scorpenide.

1. Scorpzena bucephalus, nu. sp.

1 -

10), 2b ae A. III. 5. Li. lat. cire. 40.

Lixtreme length of head, in the adult, half the total without the

caudal: height of body rather more than one-third of the same measure.

Length of snout equal to that of eye, and one-fourth that of head.

Interorbital space not quite half an eye-length in breadth, traversed

by two diverging ridges that do not end in spines. Spines of head and

cheek prominent and acute, supra-orbital margin with one in front

and two behind, a fimbriated tentacle about half as long as the eye

intervening.

No occipital groove.

The maxilla does not quite reach the level of the posterior border

of the orbit. Teeth in the palatine bones.

Scales large, about 40 rows from occiput to base of caudal: vertex,

occiput, cheeks, and opercles scaly.

The 3rd, 4th and 5th dorsal spines are the longest—nearly one-

third the length of the head: the 2nd anal spine much the longest and

strongest—nearly half the length of the head. Pectorals hardly longer

than the ventrals, not reaching to the anal.

An air-bladder.

Colours in spirit: light reddish yellow, with numerous purplish

blotches on the head and on and above the lateral line; fins unspotted

hyaline.

A female with gravid ovaries measures rather over 43 inches.

Off Malabar coast 36 fms., off Coromandel coast 33 fms.

2. Scorpeena erostris, n. sp.

D. XI. = NUMER The TR poeae 0

Very near Sebastes bougainvillit, C. V.

Extreme length of head nearly half the total without the caudal.

Profile of snout almost in the same vertical line with the front border of the

orbit. Diameter of eye about one-third the length of the head: interor-

bital space over half an eye-length in breadth, traversed by two ridges

‘that do not end in spines, Spines of head and cheek small but acute:

supra-orbital margin with a tooth and small tentacle in front, and with

two spines and a large fimbriated tentacle behind. No occipital groove.

The maxilla reaches to the posterior border of the orbit. Palatines

1896. ] A. Alcock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. 303

either toothless or with a few teeth anteriorly. About 40 rows of

scales from occiput to base of caudal: opercles and cheeks densely,

occiput and vertex sparsely, scaly: lateral line with a few long

tentacles.

The 2nd, 3rd and 4th dorsal spines much the longest—gonsiderably

more than half the length of the head: the 2nd anal spine the longest—

not quite half the length of the head. The pectorals reach to the anal

fin, only a few of the rays are branched.

No air-bladder.

Colours in spirit: ventral half of body and all the fins light reddish

yellow, dorsal half of head and body mottled purple; a dark purple

blot between the 7th and 10th dorsal spines, and a fainter streak of

the same colour between the 2nd and 6th dorsal rays.

Length not quite 3 inches.

Off Ceylon in 34 fms.

3. Pterows macrura, n. sp.

De Xa 95 AC 7) is latercrre:, 45:

Caudal pointed, one at least of its wpper rays produced as a slender

filament which 1s as long as the body behind the eye.

Length of the head about two-fifths, height of the body about

one-third of the total without the caudal. Snout as long as the eye,

or rather more than one-fourth the length of the head: interorbital

space deeply concave, its width half the length of the eye. Pre-orbital

with spines and finely serrated crests, with a few scales, and with a

large tentacle overhanging the angle of the mouth. Spines and crests

of the head and cheek well developed and finely serrated,

About 45 rows of scales between the occiput and the base of the

caudal: head scaly everywhere except jaws, tip of snout, and middle

line of interorbital space. .

The pectorals reach to the base of the caudal.

Colours in spirit: sepia with black cross-bars; vertical fins with

dark spots which are only distinct along the upper edge of the caudal ;

pectorals and ventrals nearly black, with white spots.

Three large pyloric ceca.

Off Malabar coast in 45 fms.

Fam. Squamipinnes.

Holacanthus alternans, C. V., var. meleagris, nov.

This variety differs from the descriptions of the type only in

colouration. ;

The colours in spirit are: head body and all the fins dark indigo-

304 A. Alcock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. [No. 3,

blue, fading to lavender near the middle of the body, where, however,

every alternate scale has a large indigo blotch: edges of dorsal caudal

and anal fins, ventral spine and filament of outer ventral ray, light blue,

the interradial membranes of all these fins with numerous light blue

spots: head and body with numerous narrow light blue stripes not

involving the fins, namely one from the nape, in the middle hne, to the

snout and chin, one from the angle of the mouth to the isthmus, one

from the temple in front of the eye to the interoperculum, one (the

plainest of all) from the occiput to the preopercular angle and thence

to the ventral spine, five or six (all more or less faint) in concentric

_ series across the body, and three straight across the caudal pedunele.

Length about 73 inches.

Palk Straits.

Family Ophidiide.

4. + Neobythites (Monomitopus) conjugator, n. sp.

B. 8. D. circ. 90. A. circ. 72. P. circ. 28. V. 2 (fused

10-12

25-30.

Length of head just under length of distance between gill-opening

and vent, and about 47 in the total; greatest height of body one-sixth

total. Snout hardly overhanging the upper jaw, very nearly as long

as the eye—which is two-ninths the length of the head—and equal to

the width of the flattened interocular space. Mouth wide, the maxilla

half as long as the head: villiform teeth in the jaws vomer and pala-

tines, the outer row in the premaxilla slightly but very distinctly en-

larged: mucous membrane of mouth and gill-chamber black. Oper-

eulum with a strong spine above: angle of preoperculum excised, the

angles of the excision strongly spiniform.

Gill-openings wide, gill-membranes free, four gills, about 12 gill-

rakers on the outer side of the first arch are elongate, adie

reduced to two small filaments.

The whole body and head, including parts of the gill-membranes,

covered with small adherent scales which also cover the basal half of the

dorsal and anal fins. Lateral line very distinct anteriorly, becoming

indistinct in the posterior fourth of the body.

The dorsal fin begins about an eye-length behind the gill-opening :

it and the anal are corfluent with the caudal. The pectoral fin broad,

short, pointed, about half the length of the head, springing from a

fleshy scaly base. The ventrals arise at the pectoral symphysis: each

consists of two rays intimately fused throughout.

to form a single filament). lL. lat. 100-110. L. tr.

+ Ill. Zool, Investigator, Fishes pl. xvii. fig. 4 (in preparation).

1896. ] A. Alcock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. 305

Nine very short pyloric ceca and two or three papilla: a stout-

walled air-bladder.

Colours sepia; caudal, distal two-thirds of pectoral, and outer

part of dorsal and anal fins black.

Off Ceylon 296-320 fms., and off Travancore coast, 406 fms. This

species is very closely related to Neobythites (Monomitopus) mgripinms.

5. +Dermatorus melampeplus, n. sp.

At once distinguished from Dermatorus trichiwrus and melanocephalus

(1) by the complete absence of teeth on the vomer, and (2) by its

uniform purple-black colour.

In the other two species there are a few scattered teeth on the

vyomer, and the head alone is black.

The single specimen has been too much damaged for description,

but it is undoubtedly a good species.

Laccadive Sea, 931 fms.

Family Pleuronectide.

Boopsetta, n, gen.

Cleft of the mouth narrow: teeth in the jaws only, in broadish

villiform bands on the blind side, gradually becoming obsolescent on

the coloured side. Hyes on the right side, very large, almost in contact,

the upper bulging beyond the dorsal profile, the lower in advance of the

upper. The dorsal fin begins above the after part of the upper eye. Both

pectcrals and both ventrals well developed. Scales of moderate size,

stout ctenoid and adherent on the coloured side, thin cycloid and deciduous

on the blind side. Lateral line with a strong curve above the pectoral.

Gill-openings somewhat contracted, the membranes very broadly

united below the isthmus: gill-rakers styliform.

Closely allied to Pleuronectes.

6. § Boopsetta wmbrarum, n. sp.

Poe DOU) CA ol. C18. Pd. 8, 6.6. V5 6, Wi laticize. 110,

Height of the body one-third, length of the head one-fourth the

total, without the caudal.

The mouth is short and broad, the cleft approaching the vertical,

the maxilla being a little over three-fourths the length of the eye,

which is slightly over one-third the length of the head. The teeth

are in broad villiform bands in the jaws on the blind side, the bands

gradually becoming narrow and disappearing on the coloured side.

The upper eye bulges very strongly beyond the general dorsal profile.

+ Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes pl. xvii. fig. 3 (in preparation).

§ Ill, Zool. Investigator, Fishes pl. xvii. fig. 5 (in preparation).

306 A. Alcock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. [No. 3,

The length of the snout—z.e., of the space between the front wall of the

lower orbit and the tip of the knob of the mandibular symphysis—is

less than one-third the length of the eye.

The body, and the head excepting only the snout and gill-mem-

branes, are covered with scales.

The rays of the vertical fins are stout, the longest are more than

two-fifths the greatest body-height. The caudal is large, with a distinct

though broad peduncle.

The coloured pectoral is rather longer than its fellow, the latter

being half the length of the head. The coloured ventral is rather

longer than its fellow, the Jatter being as long as the eye.

Colours in spirit: right side blackish-brown, with traces of six

opalescent cross-bands: irides and coloured pectoral fin blue-black, the

pectoral with a narrow white cross-stripe. Vertical fins (on coloured

side), and right ventral, almost black, tipped with milk white. Left

side rather dusky.

Length 6°25 inches.

Off Colombo, 180-217 fms.

Fam. Scopelide.

7. + Bathypterois atricolor, n. sp.

Belo nD alos At 1077 32/10 aVEG9 Galielabs ose alent

Length of head a little more than one-fifth, height of body about

one-eighth, of total (without candal).

Length of snout a little more than one-third that of head, and a

little more than 5 times that of eye, equal to width of interorbital space.

Few or no teeth on the vomer.

The dorsal fin arises just behind the vertical through the base

of the ventrals, and nearly half its extent is in the anterior half of the

body (measured without caudal): the anal arises just behind the level

of the last dorsal ray: the adipose fin is halfway between the end of

the dorsal and the base of the caudal: the lower caudal lobe is very

slightly prolonged. Upper two pectoral rays prolonged, coherent in

basal part but not fused: outer two ventral rays thickened, unbranched,

prolonged as far as 7th or 8th anal ray.

Colours, uniform black, except the pectoral filaments.

Laccadive Sea, 891 fms.

Group Scopelarchina.

ScOPELARCHUS, n. gen.

Body elongate compressed, covered with deciduous scales, the

scales, however, on the greater part of the lateral line being stout and

+ Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes pl. xvii. fig. 6 (in preparation).

1896. ] A. Alcock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. 307

strongly adherent. Cleft of mouth very wide: premaxilla very long,

tapering, firmly attached to the long thin maxille. A single row of

small teeth in the premaxilla: a double row of teeth in the mandible,

the inner row being large depressible and barbed at tip; an incompletely

double series of similarly enlarged teeth on either palatine, and a long

narrow row of almost similar teeth on the tongue and hyoid. Hye

large. Gill-openings very wide, gill-membranes not attached to the

isthmus, branchiostegals not very numerous (about 6?); pseudo-

branchie large.

The dorsal fin is short, it arises well in the anterior third of the

body (measured with the caudal) and all its extent lies between the

pectorals and ventrals: the anal is long, occupying the greater part of

the tail. Pectorals large. Ventrals with 8 rays. An adipose dorsal

fin. Caudal forked. No luminous spots.

This is a remarkable generalized form of Scopeloid, showing affini-

ties with Sawrus, Chlorophthalmus, Scopelus, Odontostomus, and Paralepis.

To casual view it looks just like a Scopelus devoid of luminous organs.

8. +Scopelarchus Guenthert, n. sp.

D.9. A.26. P19. \V.8. LL. lat. (of enlarged adherent scales)

circ. 50.

Head and body compressed: shape as of Scopelus.

Length of head (with gill-cover) not quite one-fourth, height of

body about two-elevenths of the total (without caudal). Snout about

three-fourths the length of the eye: the lower jaw in repose fitting

within the upper. The eyes are large—between one-third and one-

fourth the length of the head—they are separated from one another

by a mere linear space, and their visual axis is rather more superior

than horizontal.

The mouth-cleft forms a slightly oblique sweep, and the maxilla

extends a considerable distance behind the posterior border of the

orbit.

The scales of the lateral line are much enlarged, and their vertical

diameter is much greater than their antero-posterior diameter, each is

chambered, the chamber opening dorsally and ventrally.

The first dorsal ray arises about an eye-length behind the base of

the pectorals, the last stands a little in advance of the base of the

ventrals. The first anal ray arises near the middle of the body

(measured with the caudal), the last is less than an eye-length distant

from the rudimentary rays at the base of the caudal. The adipose

fin stands in the posterior third of the distance between the dorsal and

+ Ill. Zool, Investigator, Fishes pl. xvii. fig. 7 (in preparation).

308 A. Alcock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. [No. 3,

caudal. Pectorals broad and falciform, several times larger than the

ventrals.

Colours in spirit hyaline, occiput and caudal peduncle black.

A single specimen about 5 inches long, and apparently mature,

from off the Indus Delta, 947 fms.

It is so fragile that I am afraid to dissect it.

§ 2. Notes on some of the previously described new forms.

Family Spinacide.

Centroscyllium ornatum, Alcock.

Paracentroscyllium ornatum, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV.

1889, p. 379: Ill. Zool. ‘ Investigator,’ Fishes, pl. viii. fig, 2.

This species, the supposed type of a new genus, was described from

three very young and not very well preserved specimens from the

Bay of Bengal.

Four much larger specimens—the largest nearly a foot long—have

lately been dredged in the Arabian Sea, and these while quite clearly

identical with the Bay of Bengal species, also quite clearly belong to

Miiller and Henle’s genus Centroscylliwm, of which Paracentroscyllium

now becomes asynonym, The following is the amended diagnosis of

the species :—

All the tissues extremely fragile. Head very large, very flat and

depressed, branchial regions laterally expanded. Snout much depressed,

polygonal: nostrils very large, situated on ventral surface of edge of

snout. Under surface of snout with numerous rather large pores, two

rows of which form an elegant Y- or V-shaped figure that extends

between the nostrils. Eyes very large, their major diameter nearly as

long as the snout and nearly a fifth the length of the head (branchial

region included). Spiracles rather small, situated on the upper surface

of the head, behind the eye. Mouth crescentic, large: minute tricuspid

teeth in both jaws. Body covered with minute deciduous placoid —

the spine of each scale with a stelliform base.

Dorsal spines very strong and acute, the 2nd nearly twice the

size of the Ist. The Ist dorsal fin arises in advance of a point midway

between the pectorals and ventrals, the 2nd arises immediately behind

the level of the base of the ventrals,

Colours uniform jet-black, but the integument is very deciduous.

Family Ophidiide.

Neobythites, Goode and Bean.

In the definition of this genus the ventral fins should, I think, be

stated to consist of either one or two rays, so as to include Monxomitopus,

1896. }. A. Alcock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. 309

mihi. Monomitopus agrees with Neobythites in every particular, except

that each ventral fin consists either of a single ventral ray (M.

nigripinnis) or of two rays firmly fused throughout their extent (M.

conjugator).

Dicrolene, Goode and Bean.

In the definition of this genus the branchiostegals should be stated.

as eight. Paradicrolene, mihi, then becomes a synonym of Dicrolene.

It seems to me almost doubtful whether Dicrolene (and Pteroidonus)

should be kept separate from Neobythites. For there is an undoubted

Neobythites (N. pterotus) in which the pectoral rays, in the male at any

rate, are much produced, although none of them are strengthened and

entirely independent.

Dicrolene intronigra, G. and B.

I have compared Indian specimens with one from the North Atlan-

tic, and the only difference is that, in the former, the inside of the mouth

and the fins are much blacker,

There are 8 branchiostegals in both.

Glyptophidium, Alcock.

In the definition of this genus the ventral fins should be stated as

consisting of either one or two rays each: the lateral line should be

stated to be absent.

Lamprogrammus, Alcock.

To the definition of this genus it should be added that an air-

bladder is present.

Family Macruride.

Macrurus (Mystaconurus) heterolepis, Alcock.

This species is very probably identical with Macrurus (Mystaconurus)

_ cavernosus (= Bathygadus cavernosus) Goode and Bean, from the Gulf of

Mexico, 227 fms., a specimen of which I have examined.

Family Stomiatide.

Thaumastomias, Alcock.

Prof. Chr. Liitken (K. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 6 Rekke, Nat.

Math. Afd. VIT. 6, 1892, p. 281) considers Thawmastomias to be identical

with Photostomias (Collett, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, XIV. 1889, p. 291),

notwithstanding that the dentition and the whole structure of the

J. u. 40

310 A. Aleock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. [ No. 3,

mouth are entirely different. He appears to think that Thaumastomias

atrox is specifically identical with Photostomias quernet Collet (loc. cit.)

but a comparison of the descriptions of the two species will hardly be

held to justify this opinion.

§ 3. Supplementary List of the Fishes of India.

Orpen CHONDROPTERYGII.

Family Scyllide.

ScyLutum.

1. Scyllium hispidum, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VIII

1891, p. 21: Ill. Zool. ‘ Investigator,’ Fishes, pl. viii. figs. 3, 3a.

Andaman Sea in 188-220 fms.

2. Scyllium ?canescens, Gthr.

Scyllium canescens, Giinther, ‘Challenger,’ Deep Sea Fishes, p. 1,

plea cos pAG

A smali specimen, from the Arabian Sea 690-620 fms., answers to Dr.

Giinther’s description and figure, except only that the body is almost black.

I. * Family Spinacide.

i. * Centroscytiium, M. & H.

Centroscyllium, Miller and Henle, Plagiostomen, p. 191: Gunther,

Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. VIII. p. 425.

Paracentroscyllium, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV. 1§89,

p. 379 (immature form).

3. Centroscyllium ornatum, Alcock.

Paracentroscyllium ornatum, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV.

1889, p. 379: Ill. Zool, ‘Investigator,’ Fishes, pl. viii. fig, 2: and ante

p. 308.

“Swatch,” Bay of Bengal in 405-285 fms., and Arabian Sea, 690-620 fms.

Family Rajide.

ii, * Rasa, Cuv.

A, Raja mammillidens, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV.

1889, p. 380: Ill. Zool. ‘Investigator,’ Fishes, pl. viii. fig. 1.

Gulf of Manaar at 597 fms.

1896.] A. Alcock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. 311

II. * Family Chimeride.

ii. * CHIM@RA.

5. * Chimaera monstrosa, Linn.? An empty egg-capsule from off

Coromandel coast in 410 fms. (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) X. 1892,

p. 347).

iv. * CALLORHYNCHUS. -

6. Anempty egg-capsule from off the west coast of the Anda-

mans in 561 fms. (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VIII. 1891, p. 21, p. 22

fig. 1.)

Order TELEOSTEI.

Sub-Order ACANTHOPTERYGII.

Family Serranide.

v. * CHELIDOPERCA, Boulenger.

7. Chelidoperca investigatoris (Alcock). Centropristis investigatoris,

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI. 1890, p. 199: Ill. Zool. ‘ Investi-

gator, Fishes, pl. x. fig. 1. Chelidoperca investigatoris, Boulenger, Brit.

Mus. Cat. Fishes, (2) I. p. 305.

Off Madras coast in 98-102 fms.

PRIACANTHUS.

8. Proacanthus fax, C. V.

Cuvier and Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss. VII. 473: Sauvage, in Grandi-

dier, Hist. Madagascar, Vol. XVI. p. 126, pl. xvi. fig. 1.

Off Ceylon in 32 fathoms.

Mr. Boulenger (Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. (2) I. p. 354) considers this to be the

young of P. macracanthus, C. V.

vi. *Synacroprs, Gthr.

Synagrops, Giinther, ‘Challenger’ Deep Sea Fishes, p. 16. 1887.

Melanostoma, Déderlein, Denk. Ak. Wien, XLVIII. 1884, p. 5.

Parascombrops, Alcock, J. A. 8. B. Vol. LVIII. pt. 2, 1889, p. 296.

9. Synagrops philippinense ( Gthr.)

Acropoma philippinense, Giinther, ‘ Challenger’ Shore Fishes, p. 51:

Parascombrops pellucidus, Alcock, J. A. S. B. Vol. LVIII. pt. -2, 1889,

p. 296, pl. xxii. fig. 1: Acropoma philippinense, Alcock, J. A. 8. B. Vol.

LXII. pt. 2, 1894, p. 116.

Common all along the east coast in 60 to 100 fathoms.

312 A. Aleock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. [No. 3,

vil. *BREPHOSTOMA.

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV. 1889, p. 383, and (6) VI.

1890, p. 201 (diagnosis of genus).

10. Brephostoma carpenteri, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI.

1889, p. 383, and (6) VI. 1890, p. 201, pl. ix. fig. 4.

Bay of Bengal in 1370—1520 fathoms.

Family Squamipinnes.

11. Chetodon triangulum (K. v. H.), C. V.

Chetodon triangulum, Klunzinger, Fisch. Roth. Meer. Theil I.

1884, p. 57 (ubi synon.)

[ Tetragonopterus triangulum, Bleeker, Atlas Ichthyologique, IX.

p. 53, Chet. Tab. XII. fig. 1.]

Andamans.

12. Holacanthus alternans, C. Y.

Cuv. and Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss. VII. 193: Gimther, Cat. Fish.

Brit. Mus. II. 53: Playfair and Giinther, Fishes of Zanzibar, p. 38 :

Sauvage in Grandidier, Hist. Madagascar, Vol. XVI. p. 269.

Palk Straits.

Family Scorpenide.

SEBASTES.

13. Sebastes serrulatus, Richardson.

Richardson, Ichthyology of the Seas of China and Japan, p. 215:

Ginther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. II. p. 106: Alcock, Journ. A. S. B.

Vol. LVIII. pt. 2, 1889, p. 298, pl. xxii. fig. 2.

Off Ganjam (Madras coast) in 23 fathoms.

14. Sebastes heranema, Gthr.

Ginther, ‘Challenger’ Shore Fishes, p. 40, pl. xvii. fig. B, and Chal-

lenger Deep Sea Fishes, p. 18: Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VIII.

EON pence:

Andaman Sea in 188—220 fms.

15. Sebastes muciparus, Alcock, Journ. A. S. B. Vol. LVIII. pt. 2,

1889, p. 298, pl. xxii. fig. 3.

Off Ganjam coast in 45 fms.

viii. *Lioscorpius, Gthr.

16. Lnoscorpius longiceps, Gthr.

Giinther, ‘Challenger’ Shore Fishes, p. 40, pl. xvii. fig. C: Aleock

1896. ] A. Alcock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. 313

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VIII. 1891, p. 23, and Ill. Zool. ‘ Investigator,’

Fishes, pl. x. fig. 3.

Andaman Sea in 188-220 fms.

ScorPazna.

17. Scorpsena bucephalus, ante p. 302.

18. Scorpzna erostris, ante p. 302.

PTEROIS.

19. Pierois macrura, ante p. 303.

PROSOPODASYS.

20. Prosopodasys trachinoides, (C. V.)

Apistus trachinoides, Cuy. and Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss IV. 401, pl. 92,

fig. 1: Prosopodasys trachinoides, Giinther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. II.

139 (ubi synon.): Bleeker, Atlas Ichthyologique IX. Scorp. Tab. IIT.

fig. 3: Sauvage, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. (2) I. 1878, p. 131.

Mergui Archipelago.

21. Prosopodasys leucogaster, (Richardson).

Apistus leucogaster, Richardson, ‘Samarang’ Fishes, pl. v. figs. 1-2:

Prosopodasys leucogaster, Ginther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus, II. p. 141:

Gymnapistus leucogaster, Bleeker, Atlas Ichthyologique, IX. Scorp. Tab.

I. fig. 6.

Off Makrén (Baluchistan) coast.

Micropvs.

22. Micropus unipinna, Gray.

Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 20: Ginther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. II. 147

and Fische der Sudsee, p. 86.

? Amphiprionichthys apistus, Blkr., Ginther, op. cit. II. 144:

? Caracanthus apistus, Bleeker Atl. Ichth. 1X. Scorp. Tab. VI. fig. 5:

Amphiprionichthys apistus, Kner, SB. Ak. Wien, LVIII. 1868, p. 309,

pl. iii. fig. 8.

Reefs of Andaman Islands.

MInovs.

23. Muinous trachycephalus, Blkr.

Giinther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. II. p. 149: Bleeker, Atlas Ichthyo-

logique IX. Scorp. Tab. V. fig. 4.

Off Malabar coast in 45 fms.

314 A. Alcock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. [No. 3,

24, Minous coccineus, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI. 1890,

p. 428.

Off Ganjam coast in 28-30 fms.

25. Minous inermis, Alcock, J. A.S. B, Vol. LVILII. pt. 2, 1889,

p. 299, pl. xxii. fig. 4; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) X. 1892, pp. 207-214 ;

J. A. 8. B. Vol. LXII. pt. 2, 1894, p. 116.

Off Coromandel and Malabar coasts in 45-133 fms.

Family Berycide.

ix. *Hopiostetaus, C. V.

26. Hoplostethus mediterranewm, Gthr.

Ginther, ‘Challenger’ Deep Sea Fishes, p. 21 (ubi synon.) : Alcock,

J.A. 8. B. Vol. LXII. pt. 2, 1894, p. 116, and Ill. Zool. ‘ Investigator,’

Fishes, pl. xiv. fig. 3.

Bay of Bengal in 145-250 fms., and off Ceylon in 320-296 fms.

x. *TracHicuTuys, Shaw.

27. Trachichthys intermedius, Hector.

Hector, Trans. New Zealand Inst. VII. p. 245, pl. xi. fig. 18a:

Giinther, ‘Challenger’ Deep Sea Fishes, p. 24, pl. v. fig. D: Alcock,

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV. 1889 p. 380.

Bay of Bengal, off Gangetic Delta in 272 fms.

28. Trachichthys darwintt, Johns.

Trachichthys darwinit, Johnson, P. Z.8., 1866, p. 311, pl. xxxii:

Trachichthys japonicus, Steindachner and Déderlein, Denk. Ak, Wien,

XLVII. 1883, p. 218, pl. 11: Trachichthys darwinii, Giimther, ‘ Chal-

lenger’ Deep Sea Fishes, p. 24 (wbi synon.)

Off Ceylon in 3820-296 fms.

xi.* Meampnazs, Gthr.

29. Melamphaés mizolepis, Gthr.

Giinther, ‘Challenger’ Deep Sea Fishes, p. 28: Alcock, Ann. Mag.

Nat. Hist. (6) VI. 1890, p. 201.

-Bay of Bengal in 1310 fms.

30. Melamphaés sp., Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VIII. 1891, .

p. 23.

Bay of Bengal in 1644 and 1803 fms.

1896. ] A. Aleock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes, 315

xii, * Ponymixta, Lowe.

31. Polymixia nobilis, Lowe.

Polymixia nobilis, Ginther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. I, p. 17, and

‘Challenger’ Deep Sea Fishes, p. 34, pl.i. fig. B (ub synon.) : Alcock,

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV. 1889, p. 381, and (6) VIII. 1891 p. 23.

Andaman Sea in 188-271 fms.

HOoLocentTRUM.

32. Holocentrum punctatissimum, C. V.

Giinther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. I. p. 38: Bleeker, Atl. Ichth.

VIII. Trachichth. Tab. V. fig. 2.

Palk Straits.

Family Scilenide.

33. Scizena ‘ophiceps, Alcock, J. A. S. B. Vol. LVIII. pt. 2, 1889,

p. 300,

Orissa coast.

Family Trichiuride.

Si * AVRSITES, Os 0V).

34, Thyrsites bengalensis, Alcock, J. A.S.B. Vol. LXII. pt. 2,

1894, p. 117, pl. vi. fig. 1, and Ill. - Zool. ‘ Investigator,’ Fishes, pl. xv.

fig. 10.

Bay of Bengal in 145-250 fms.

May prove to be identical with Thyrsites prometheoides Bleeker.

Family Acronuride.

30. Naseus vlamingii, C. V.

Giinther, Fische der Sudsee, p. 123 pl. Ixxxi. (ubi synon.)

Off Minnikoy I., Laccadives. .

Family Carangide.

xiv. ™ BATHYSERIOLA.

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI. 1890, p. 202,

36. Bathyseriola cyanea, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI.

1890, p. 202, and (6) VIII. 1891, p. 23.

Off Coromandel coast in 98-276 fms.

316 A. Alcock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. [No. 3,

Family Cyttide.

xv. * Anticonia, Lowe.

37. <Antigonia capros, Lowe.

Ginther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. II. p. 497: Steindachner and

Doderlein, Denk. Ak. Wien, XLIX. 1885, p. 187, pl. v. (ubt synon.):

Giinther Challenger Deep Sea Fishes, p. 44 (ubz synon.)

Off Ceylon in 320-296 fms.

Family Trachinide.

URANOSCOPUS.

38. Uranoscopus cognatus, Cantor.

Cantor, Cat. Malayan Fishes (J. A. S. B. Oct. 1849, p. 1003) p. 21:

Giinther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. II. p. 227: Alcock, J. A. S. B. Vol.

LVIII. pt. 2, 1889, p. 301.

Off Orissa and Ganjam coasts at 10-25 fms.

39. Uranoscopus crassiceps, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI.

1890, p. 205, and Ill. Zool. ‘ Investigator,’ Fishes, pl. x. fig. 4.

Off Madras coast at 98-102 fms.

xvi. *Cuampsovon, Gthr.

40. Champsodon vorax, Gthr.

Ginther, P. Z. 8S. 1867, p. 102, and Challenger Shore Fishes, pp.

43, 52, 56, pl. xxiii. fig. A, and Challenger Deep Sea Fishes, p. 49:

Alcock, J. A. S, B. Vol. LVIII. pt. 2, 1889, p. 302, and Ann. Mag. Nat.

Hist. (6) IV. 1889, p. 381.

Common all round the coasts of India at about 30 to about 60 fms.

PERCIS.

41. Percis tetracanthus, Blkr.

Giinther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. II. p. 241, and Fische der Sudsee,

p- 158, pl. xciii. fig. B: Kner and Steindachner, SB. Ak. Wien, LIV.

1866, i. p. 362, pl. iii. fig. 18.

Bay of Bengal and Andamans.

xvii. *Brmsroprs, Stdr.

Bembrops, Steindachner, SB. Ak. Wien, LXXTV. 1877, i. p. 211:

Hypsicometes, Goode, Proc. U, S. Nat. Mus. Vol. III. 188], p. 347, and

1896. ] A, Alcock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. 317

Giinther, Challenger Deep Sea Fishes, p. 85: Bathypercis, Alcock, J. A.

S. B. Vol. LXII. pt. 2, 1893, p. 177: Bembrops, Alcock, J. A. S. B.

Vol. LXIII. pt. 2, 1894, p. 118.

42. Bembrops platyrhynchus, Alcock.

Bathypercis, platyrhynchus, Alcock, J. A. S. B. Vol. LXII. pt. 2,

1893, p. 178, pl. ix. fig. 1: Bembrops platyrhynchus, Alcock, J. A. S. B.

Vol. LXIII. pt. 2, 1894, p. 118.

Off Madras coast in 128 fms.

43. Bembrops caudimacula, Stdr.

Steindachner, SB. Ak. Wien, 1877, Vol. LX XIV, i. p. 212: Alcock,

J. A.S. B. Vol. LXIII. pt. 2, 1894, p. 118.

Off Madras coast in 107 fms.

xvili. *CHraAsmopus, Johnson.

Chiasmodon, Johnson, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 408, and Ann. Mag. Nat.

Hist. (3) XIV. 1864, p. 76: Chiasmodus, Giinther, Cat. Fishes Brit.

Mus. V. p. 485: Ponerodon, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI. 1890,

p. 203, and (6) VII. 1891, pp. 9, 10. ? Pseudoscopelus, Liitken, Vid.

Selsk. Skr., 6 Rek. nat. math. Afd. VII. 6, p. 285, (pl. i.)

44. Chiasmodus niger, Johns.

Johnson, P. Z. 8. 1863, p. 408, and Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) XIV.

1864, p. 76: Gunther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. V. p. 435, and Challenger

Deep Sea Fishes, p. 99: Carter, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 35, pl. ii: Jordan and

Gilbert, Cat. Fish. N. Amer. p. 119: A. Agassiz, Bull. Mus. Comp.

Zool. XV. 1888, p. 29, fig. 208.

Ponersdon vastator, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI. 1890,

p. 203, pl. ix. fig. 5.

Off Madras coast in 920-690 fms.

Family Pediculati.

xix. * Lopurus, Art.

45. Lophius indicus, Aleock, J. A. S. B. Vol. LVIII. pt. 2, 1889,

p. 302.

Off Ganjam coast, 25 fms. and off Malabar coast at 28 fms.

46. Lophius mutilus, Alcock, J. A. S. B. Vol. LXITI. pt. 2, 1893,

p. 179, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. x. fig. 2.

Off Madras coast at 128 fms.

en bs Ack

318 A. Aleock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. [No. 3,

47. Lophius lugubris, Alcock, J. A. S. B. Vol. LXIII. pt. 2, 1894,

p. 118, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. xiv. fig. 1.

Off Colombo at 142-400 fms.

xx. * CrratiaAs, Kroyer.

48. Ceratias bispinosus, Gthr.

Giinther, Challenger Deep Sea Fishes, p. 53, pl. xi. fig. B.

Laccadive Sea at 636 fms.

xxi. * PARONEIRODES,

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI. 1890, p. 206.

49, Paroneirodes glomerosus, Alcock, Ann, Ss Nat. Hist. (6) VI.

1890, p. 206, pl. ix. fig. 6.

Off Madras coast at 1260 fms.

xxii. * CHaunax, Lowe.

50. Chaunaz pictus, Lowe.

Lowe, Trans. Zool. Soc. III. 1849, p. 340, pl. li: Giinther, Cat.

Fishes Brit. Mus. III. p. 200, and Challenger Deep Sea Fishes, p. 58

pl. x. fig. A: Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV. 1889, p- 381.

Bay of Bengal at 272 fms.

HALIEUTHA.

51. Halieutza coccinea, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV. 1889,

p. 382, and J. A. S. B. Vol. LXIIE. pt. 2, 1894, p. 120.

Andaman Sea at 265 fathoms.

52. Halieutzea nigra, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VIII. 1891,

p. 24, and J. A. S. B. Vol. LXIII. pt. 2, 1894, p. 120.

Andaman Sea at 188-220 fms,

53. Halieutxxa fumosa, Alcock, J. A. S. B. Vol. LXIII. pt. 2, 1894,

pp. 119, 120, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. xiv. fig. 2.

Bay of Bengal at 145-250 fms.

xxiii, *Diprancuus, Peters.

54, Dibranchus micropus, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VIII.

1891, p. 25, pl. viii, figs. 2, 2a, 2b, and (6) X. 1892, p. 348.

Bay of Bengal at 240-276 fms., off C. Comorin at 902 fms., and off coast of

Travancore at 406 fms.

1896.] A. Aleock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. 319

50. Dibranchus nasutus, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VIII.

1891, p. 24, pl. vii. fig. 1.

Andaman Sea at 188-220 fms., and off coast of Trayancore at 406 fms.

xxiv. *MALTHOPSIS.

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VIII. 1891, p. 26.

56. Malthopsis luteus, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VIII.

1891, p. 26, pl. viii. figs. 2, 2a.

Andaman Sea at 188-220 fms.

xxv. *HALICMETUS.

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VIII. 1891, p. 27.

57. Halicmetus ruber Alcock, Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VIII. 1891,

p- 27, pl. viii. figs. 1, la, 10.

Andaman Sea at 188-220 fms., and off Travancore coast at 406 fms.

Family Cottide.

58. Trigla hemisticta, Schlegel.

Temm, and Schleg. Faun. Japon. Poiss. p. 36, pl. xiv. figs. 3, 4,

pl. xiv. B: Giinther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. II. p. 201: Day, Fauna

Brit. Ind., Fishes, II. p. 241: Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI.

1890, p. 207.

Mentioned by Day as from Muscat, not from India.

Off Madras coast in 98-102 fms.

[? Prionotus alepis, Alcock, J. A. S. B. Vol. LVIII. pt. 2, 1889, p.

303, pl. xxii. fig. 5.

This species may possibly be the young of Trigla hemisticta, but it

undoubtedly has a band of teeth on the palatine bones and vomer.

Off Orissa coast in 68 fms. ]

xxvi. *LepipoTricia, Gthr.

09. Lepidotrigla spiloptera, Gthr.

Giinther, Challenger Shore Fishes, p. 42, pl. xviii. fig. C: Alcock,

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI. 1890, p. 429 (var. longipinnis).

Of Ganjam coast in 18 fms., and off Gangetic Delta in about 60 fms.

320 A. Aleock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. [No. 3;

Family Cataphracti.

60. Peristethus murrayi, Gthr.

Ginther, Challenger Shore Fishes, p. 52, pl. xxxil. fig. A: Alcock,

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VIII. 1891, p. 28.

Andaman Sea, in 188-220 fms.

61. Peristethus rivers-andersoni, Alcock, J. A. S. B. Vol. LXILI. pt.

2, 1894, p. 12], pl. vi. figs. 2, 2a, 2b.

Off Colombo, in 142-400 fms.

62. Dactylopterus macracanthus, Bleeker.

Ginther, Cat. Fishes Brit, Mus. II. p. 228.

Off Malabar coast, in 28-45 fms., and off Orissa coast in 60 fms.

63. Dactylopterus chirophthalmus, Bleeker.

Giinther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. II. p. 223. _

Off Madras.

Family Pegaside.

64. Pegasus natans, L.

Gunther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. VIII. p. 148 (ubi synon.)

Off Makran (eninchiersa) coast.

Family Gobiide.

65. Gobius cometes, Alcock, Aun. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI. 1890,

p. 208, pl. viii. fig. 2.

Off Madras coast in 98-102 fms. ©

66. Amblyopus arctocephalus, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI.

1890, p. 432. |

Off Méhanaddi Delta at 50 fms., and off Vizagapatam coast at 20-25 fms.

67. Callionymus carebares, Alcock, Aun. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI.

1890, p. 209, pl. vii. fig. 8.

Off Madras coast at 98-102 fms.

Family Trichonotide.

xxvi. *Tseniolabrus, Stdr.

Steindachner. SB. Ak. Wien, LV. 1867, i. p. 713.

68. Teniolabrus cyclograptus, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI.

1890, pp. 430, 431, fig. 1.

Off Ganjam coast in 10-13 fms,

1896. ] A. Alcock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. 321

Suborder ANACANTHINI.

Family Gadide.

XXvill. * PuysicuLus, Kaup.

69. Physiculus roseus, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VIII.

1891, p. 28,and J. A. S. B., Vol. LXIII. pt. 2, 1894, p. 122, and DL

Zool. Investigator, Fishes pl. x1. fig. 2.

Andaman Sea in 188—220 fms.

70. Physiculus argyropastus, Alcock, J. A. S. B. Vol. LXII. pt. 2,

1893, p. 180, pl. ix. fig. 2, and Vol. LXIII. pt. 2, 1894, pp. 121, 122.

Off Madras and Ceylon coasts in 128-217 fms.

Family Ophidiide.

xxix. ™NuosyrHiTEs, Goode and Bean.

Neobythites, Goode and Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1886,

p. 600, and Giinther, Challenger Deep Sea Fishes, p. 100. And ante

p. 308.

Pycnocraspedum, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV. 1889, p. 386.

Monomitopus, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI. 1890, p. 297.

71. Neobythites macrops, Gthr.

Ginther, Challenger Deep Sea Fishes, p. 102, pl. xx. fig. A: Alcock,

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV. 1889, p. 385, and VIII. 1891, p. 30.

Andaman Sea in 188-271 fms.

72. Neobythites steatiticus, Alcock, J. A.S. B. Vol. LXII. pt. 2,

1893, p. 181, pl. ix. fig. 3.

Off Madras coast in 107-250 fms.

73. Neobythites pterotus, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI.

1890, pp. 210, 297, and VIII. 1891, p. 30, and Ill. Zool. Investigator,

Fishes, pl. xi. fig. 4.

Bay of Bengalin 1310 and 1748 fms. Laccadive Sea, 1000 fms.

74. Neobythites squamipinnis, Alcock.

Pycnocraspedum squamipinne, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6)

1V..1889, p. 386: Neobythites squamipinnis, Alcock, J. A. S. B. Vol.

LXIII. pt. 2, 1894, p. 123.

Bay of Bengal in 193-250 fms.

322 A. Alcock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. [No. 3,

75. Neobythites nigripinnis, Alcock.

Sirembo nigripinnis, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV. 1889,

p. 384: Monomitopus nigripinnis, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI.

1890, p. 297, and VIII. 1891, p. 29, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes,

pl. x1. fig. 3.

Andaman Sea in 490 fms., Bay of Bengal in 561-753 fms., Laccadive Sea in

740-891 fms.

76. Neobythites conjugator, ante p. 304.

xxx. *DicroLenz, Goode and Bean.

Dicrolene, Goode and Bean, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. X. 1883 p. 202,

and Ginther, Challenger Deep Sea Fishes, p. 107. And ante p. 309.

Paradicrolene, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) ITV. 1889, p. 387.

77. Dicrolene intronigra, Goode and Bean.

Goode and Bean, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. X. 1883, p. 202: Giinther,

Challenger Deep Sea Fishes, p. 107: Vaillant, Exp. Sci. Travailleur

et Talisman, Poiss. p. 258, pl. xxii. fig 2. And ante p. 309.

Paradicrolene vaillanti, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI. 1890,

p. 297.

Laccadive Sea in 740 fms., off Ceylon in 406 fms.

78. Dicrolene multifilis, Alcock.

Paradicrolene multifilis, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV, 1889,

p- 387, and VIII. 1891, p. 32, and X. 1892, p. 348, and Ill. Zool. Inves-

tigator pl. xi. fig. I.

Bay of Bengal in 193-281 fms.

79. Dicrolene nigricaudis, Alcock.

Paradicrolene nigricaudis, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VIII.

1891, p. 30, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. ii. fig. 4.

Andaman Sea in 188-220 fms.

The “Explanation of the plate” was prepared in my absence, and in it this

species, though correctly designated on the plate itself, is wrongly referred to

D. multifilis.

xxxi, * Dinematicutuys, Blkr.

80. Dinematichthys piger, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI.

1890, p. 432.

Great Coco I., Andamans.

1896.] A. Aleock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. 323

xxxii. * DrpLacantHopoma, Gthr.

81. Diplacanthopoma brachysoma, Gthr.

Giinther, Challenger Deep Sea Fishes, p. 115, pl. xxiii. fig. C:

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV. 1889, p. 385.

Andaman Sea in 490 fms.

82. +Diplacanthopoma rivers-andersoni, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat.

Hist. (6) XVI. 1895, p. 144.

Off Indus Delta in 947 fms.

Xxx. * SACCOGASTER.

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV. 1889, p. 389.

83. Saccogaster maculata, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV.

1889, p. 389; VIII. 1891, p. 30, pl. vii. fig. 3; P. ZS. 1891, pp. 226,

227, fig.

Bay of Bengal in 145-250 fms.

xxxiy. * Batnyonus, Gthr.

84. Bathyonus glutinosus, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI.

1890, p. 211, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. i. fig. 3.

Off Madras coast in 1310 fms.

xxxv. *DERMATORUS.

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI. 1890, p. 298.

85. Dermatorus trichwurus, Aicock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI.

1890, p. 298, and II]. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. i. fig. 1.

Laccadive Sea in 1000 fms., and off Makran (Baluchistan) coast in 890 fms.

86. Dermatorus melanocephalus, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6)

VII. 1891, p. 32.

Bay of Bengal in 1644-1748 fms.

87. Dermatorus melampeplus, ante p. 305.

Xxxvl. * TAUREDOPHIDIUM.

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI. 1890, p. 212.

88. Tauredophidium hextii, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI.

1890, p. 213, pl. viii. fig. 1.

Off Madras coast at 1310 fms.

+ Ill, Zool, Investigator, Fishes pl. xvii. fig. 1 (in preparation).

324 A. Alcock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. [No. 3,

xxxvul. *™ GLYPTOPHIDIUM.

Alcock, Anu. Mag. Nat, Hist. (6) IV. 1889, p. 390. And ante

p- 309.

89. Glyptophidium argentewm, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6)

IV. 1889, p. 390, and Ill. Zool. ‘Investigator,’ Fishes, pl. u. fig. 3.

Andaman Sea in 271 fms., off Travancore coast in 406 fms.

90. Glyptophidium macropus, Alcock, J. A. 8. B. Vol. LXIIL. pt. 2,

1894, p. 122, pl. vi. fig. 38, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. xv.

fig. 6.

Bay of Bengal in 145-250 fms.

XXXVl. ™ LAMPROGRAMMUS.

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VIII. 1891, p. 32. And ante

p- 309.

91. Lamprogrammus niger, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VIII.

1891, p. 33, fig. 2, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. i. fig. 2.

Bay of Bengal, off west coast of Andamans in 561 fms., Andaman Sea in 405 fms.

92. Lamprogrammus fragilis, Aleock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) X.

1892, p. 348.

Bay of Bengal in 678 fms., off Travancore coast in 406 fms.

Xxxix. ™ HEPHTHOCARA.

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) X. 1892, p. 349.

93. Hephthocara simum, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) X.

1892, p. 349, pl. xviii. fig. 1.

Gulf of Manaar in 902 fms.

Ill. * Family Macruride.

xl. *Macrourvs, Bl. .

94. Macrurus (Celorhynchus) parallelus, Gthr.

Giinther, Challenger Deep Sea Fishes, p: 125, pl. xxx fieseAse

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV. 1889, p. 391, and J. A.S. B.

Vol. LXIII. pt. 2, 1894, p. 126.

Gulf of Manaar in 597 fms.

95. Macrurus (Celorhynchus) flabellispinis,t Alcock, J. A. S. B.

Vol. LXIII. pt. 2, 1894, pp. 123, 126, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes,

pl. xvi. figs. 2, 2a.

Off N. Maldive Atoll in 719 fms.

+ Erroneously “flabellispinnis”’ on p. 123.

1896. ] A. Alcock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. 325

96. Macrurus (Celorhynchus) quadricristatus, Alcock, Aun. Mag.

Nat. Hist. (6) VIII. 1891, p. 119, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes,

pl. i. fig. 1, and J. A. S. B., Vol. LXIII. pt. 2, 1894, p. 126.

Andaman Sea in 188-405 fms.

97. Macrurus (Mucrurus) investigatoris, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat.

Hist. (6) IV. 1889, p. 391; WIII. 1891, p. 121; X. 1892, p. 351, and

Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. iil. fig. 4, and J. A. S. B., Vol. LXIII.

pt. 2, 1894, p. 127.

Andaman Sea in 188-490 fms., Bay of Bengal in 193-410 fms.

98. Macrurus (Macrurus) petersoniit, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.

(6) VIII. 1891, p. 121, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. iti. fig. 5.

and J. A. S. B. Vol. LXIII. pt. 2, 1894, p. 127.

Andaman Sea in 188-220 fms.

99. Macrurus (Macrurus) semiquincunciatus, Alcock, Ann. Mag.

Nat. Hist, (6) IV. 1889, p. 392; VIII. 1891, p. 121; X. 1892, p. 351,

and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. xii. fig. 2, and J. A. 8. B. Vol.

LXIII. pt. 2, 1894, p. 127.

Bay of Bengal in 130-410 fms.

100. Maerurus (Macrurus) brevirostris, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat.

Hist. (6) IV. 1889, p. 393, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. xiii.

fig. 3, and J. A. S. B. Vol. LXIIT. pt. 2, 1894, p. 127.

Andaman Sea in 490 fms.

101. Macrurus (Macrurus) (macrolophus, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat.

iste (Go) Eve iseg, p. o945 VILL. 1891p. 121; X. 1892, p. 351, fie: 1,

p- 352, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. xii. fig. 1, and J. A. S. B.

Vol. LXIII. pt. 2, 1894, p. 126.

Bay of Bengal in 240-410 fms., off Travancore coast in 406 fms.

102. Macrurus (Macrurus) lophotes, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.

(6) IV. 1889, p. 395, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. iii. fig. 2,

and J. A. S. B., Vol. LXIII. pt. 2, 1894, p. 126.

Bay of Bengal, “Swatch”, in 285-405 fms.

103. Macrurus (Macrurus) polylepis, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.

(6) IV. 1889, p. 395, and J. A. 8. B., Vol. UXITI. pt. 2, 1894, p. 127.

Bay of Bengal in 193-272 fms.

104. Macrurus (Macrurus) pumiliceps, Alcock, J. A. S. B., Vol.

LXIII. pt. 2, 1894, pp. 125, 127, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl.

xvi. fig. 3.

Off N. Maldive Atoll in 719 fms. |

J. ut. 42

326 A. Aleock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. [No. 3,

105. Macrurus (Macrurus) hoskynii, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.

(6) VI. 1890, p. 214, and JI]. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. ix. fig. 4,

and J. A. S. B., Vol. LXIII. pt. 2, 1894, p. 126.

Off Madras coast in 1310 fms.

106. Macrurus (Macrurus) heatii, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.

(6) VI. 1890, p. 299; X. 1892, p. 351, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes,

pl. xii. fig. 83, and J. A. S. B., Vol. LXITT. pt. 2, 1894, p. 126.

Laccadive Sea in 865-1000 fms.

107. Macrurus (Macrurus) wood-masoni, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat.

Hist. (6) VI. 1890, p. 301; VIIL. 1891, p. 121; X. 1892, p. 353, and

Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. xiii. fig. 1, and J. A. S. B. Vol. LXIII.

pt. 2, 1894, p. 126.

Laccadive Sea, G. of Manaar, and off Konkan coast, in 559-1000 fms.

108. Macrurus (Mystaconurus) hetzrolepis, Alcock, Ann, Mag. Nat.

Hist, (6) IV. 1889, p. 396; VIII. 1891, p. 122, and Ill. Zool. Investi-

gator, Fishes, pl. ii. fig. 3. And ante p. 309.

Neighbourhood of Andaman Is. in 188-271 fms., Gulf of Manaar in 180-217 fms.

109. Macrurus (Chalinurus) hispidus, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.

(6) IV. 1889, p. 397, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. xiii. fig. 2.

Off west coast of Andamans in 220—240 fms.

110. Macrurus (Malacocephalus) levis, Lowe.

Lowe, P. Z. 8. 1843, p. 92: Giinther. Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. IV.

p. 397, and Challenger Deep Sea Fishes p. 148, pl. xxxix. fig. B: Alcock,

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV. 1889, p. 398, and VIII. 1891, p. 123.

Andaman Sea in 188-265 fms.

xli. *Batruycapvus, Gthr.

111. Bathygadus longifilis, Goode and Bean.

Goode and Bean, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, p. 599: Ginther,

Challenger Deep Sea Fishes, p. 157: Vaillant, Exp. Sci. Travailleur et

Talisman, Poiss. p. 218, pl. xxii. fig. 1: Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.

(6) VI. 1890, p. 302, and VIIT. 1891, p. 128.

Laccadive Sea in 740 fms., Andaman Sea in 683 fms,

112. Bathygadus cottoides, Gthr.

Gimther, Challenger Deep Sea Fishes, p. 154, pl. xli. fig. A: Alcock,

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) X. 1392, p. 3538.

Bay of Bengal in 410 fms.

1896.] A. Aleock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. 327

113. Bathygadus furvescens, Alcock, J. A. S. B. Vol. UXIII. pt. 2,

1894, p. 128, and Il. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. xvi. fig. 1.

Off N. Maldive Atoll in 719 fms.

IV. *Family Ateleopodide.

xlii, *AreLzopus, Schleg.

114. Afeleopus indicus, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VIII.

1891, pp. 123, 124, fig. 3, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. 11. fig. 2.

Andaman Sea in 188-220 fms.

Family Pleuronectide.

xlii. *Arnocuossus, Blkr.

115. Arnoglossus macrolephus, Alcock, J. A.S.B. Vol. LYIII. pt. 2,

1889, p. 280, pl. xvii. fig, 2, and Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI. 1890,

p. 433.

Off Ganjam coast at 25-35 fms.

116. Arnoglossus brevirictis, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI.

1890, p. 433.

Off Ganjam coast at 30 fms.

xliv. * Bracnypievra, Gthr.

117. Brachypleura zxanthosticta, Alcock, J. A. S. B. Vol. LVIIL.

pt. 2, 1889, p. 281, pl. xvii. fig. 3.

Off Orissa and Ganjam coasts at 25-35 fms.

xlv. * Samaris, Gray.

118. Samaris cristatus, Gray.

Gray, Zool. Miscell., p. 4: Giinther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. IV. p.

420: Alcock, J. A. S. B., Vol. LVIII. pt. 2, 1889, p. 291, pl. xvii. fig. 4.

Off south and east coast of Ceylon at 26-34 fms.

xlvi. *™ CHASCANOPSETTA.

Alcock, J. A. S. B., Vol. LXIII. pt. 2, 1894, p. 128.

119. Chascanopsetta lugubris, Alcock, J. A. S. B., Vol. LXTII. pt. 2,

1894, p. 129, pl. vi. fig. 4, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. xy.

fig. 3.

Bay of Bengal at 145-250 fms,

328 A. Alcock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes, [No. 3,

RHOMBOIDICHTHYS.

120. Rhomboidichthys angustifrons, Gthr.

Gtinther, Challenger Shore Fishes, p. 46, pl. xxi. fig. B: Alcock,

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI. 1890, p. 435.

Off south-east coast of Ceylon at 32 fms.

121. Rhomboidichthys azureus, Alcock, J. A. 8. B., Vol. LVIIL. pt.

2, 1889, p. 283, pl. xvi. fig. 3, and Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI. 1890,

p. 435.

Off Ganjam coast at 7-33 fms., off south-east coast of Ceylon at 32 fms.

122. Rhomboidichthys valde-rostratus, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.

(6) VI. 1890, p..435.

Off south-east coast of Ceylon at 32 fms.

123. Rhomboidichthys polylepis, Alcock, J. A. S. B., Vol. LVIIL.

pt. 2, 1889, p. 290, pl. xvi. fig. 1, and Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI. 1890,

p. 434.

Off east and south-east cost of Ceylon at 32-34 fms.

xlvii. *PseTryt.tis.

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI. 1890, p. 436.

‘124, Psettyllis pellucida, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI.

1890, p. 437, fig. 2 p. 438.

All along Coromandel coast at 7-20 fms.

125. Psettyllis ocellata, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI. 1890,

p: 437, fig. 3 p. 48.

Off coast of Ganjam and Vizagapatam at 73-13 fms.

xlyni. *Pactnopserta, Gthr.

126. Pecilopsetta maculosa, Alcock, J. A. S. B., Vol. LXIII. pt. 2,

1894, p. 130, pl. vii. fig. 1, and IJ. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. xv. fig. 1.

Bay of Bengal at 145-250 fms.

127. Pecilopsetta preelonga, Alcock, J. A. 8S. B., Vol. LXIII. pt. 2,

1894, p. 130, pl. vii. fig. 2, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. xv.

fig. 2.

Off Colombo at 142-400 fms.

xlix. *Lzors, Gthr.

128. Lops guenthert, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI. 1890,

p. 438.

1896.] A. Aleock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. 329

G. of Martaban at 20 fms., off coasts of Vizagapatam, Ganjam and Orissa at

15-60 fms.

1. *ScIANECTES.

Alcock, [J. A. S.B., Vol. LVIII. pt. 2, 1889, p. 284] Ann. Mag.

Nat. Hist. (6) VI. 1890, p. 216.

129. Scianectes macrophthalmus [ Alcock, J. A.S. B., Vol. LVIIE.

pt. 2, 1889, p. 292, pl. xvi. fig. 4] Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI. 1890,

p- 216.

Off Arakan coast at 100 fms., off Madras coast at 98-102 fms.

130. Scianectes lophoptera, Alcock, J. A. S. B., Vol. LVIII. pt. 2,

1889, p. 284, pl. xvi. fig. 2.

Off Orissa coast at 68 fms.

li, * Boopserta, ante p. 305.

131. Boopsetta umbrarum, ante p. 305.

Souza.

132. Solea (Achirus) oculus, Alcock, J. A. S. B. Vol. LVIIL.

pt. 2, 1889, p. 285, pl. xviii. fig. 3.

Off Orissa and Ganjam coasts at 7-10 fms.

Possibly only a variety of S. harzfeldii, Blkr.

133. Solea (Achirus) cyanea, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6)

VI. 1890, p. 439.

Off Ganjam and Vizagapatam coasts at 20-33 fms.

134. Solea (Achirus) uwmbratilis, Alcock, J. A. S. B., Vol. LXIII.

pt. 2, 1894, p. 131, pl. vii. fig. 3, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes,

pl. xv. fig. 4.

Off Coromandel coast at 91-107 fms., off Kattiawar coast, 82 fms.

SYNAPTURA.

155. Synaptura quagga (Kaup).

Aesopia quagga, Kaup, Wiegm. Archiv, 1858, p. 98: Synaptura

quagga, Ginther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus, IV. p. 85: Alcock, Ann. Mag.

Nat. Hist. (6) VI. 1890, p. 440 (nec J. A. S. B., Vol. LVIII. pt. 2,

1889, p. 286).

Off Coromandel coast at 26-33 fms.

136. Synaptura altipinnis, Alcock, Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI.

1890, p. 441.

Off Vizagapatam coast at 25 fms,

330 A. Alcock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. [No. 3,

li. * ApnHoristia, Kaup.

137. Aphoristia wood-masont, Alcock, J. A. S. B., Vol. LYVIIL. pt.

2, 1889, p. 294, pl. xvii. fig. 1; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) X. 1892,

p. 354; J. A.S. B., Vol. LXIIT. pt. 2, 1894, p. 132; Ill. Zool. Investi-

gator, Fishes, pl. xvi. fig. 4.

Andaman Sea at 490 fms., Bay of Bengal at 475 fms.

138. Aphoristia gilesii, Alcock, J. A. S. B., Vol. LVIII. pt. 2, 1889,

p. 293, pl. xvii. fig. 2, and LXIII. pt. 2, 1894, p. 1382; Ill. Zool. Inves-

tigator, Fishes, pl. xiv. fig. 4.

Bay of Bengal, “ Swatch ” at 193 fms., and off Madras coast at 210 fms.

139. Aphoristia septemstriata, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6)

VIII. 1891, p. 125; Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. ii. fig. 1; J. A.

S. B. Vol. LXIII. pt. 2, 1894, p. 133.

Andaman Sea at 188-220 fms., off Colombo at 142-400 fms.

140. Aphoristia trifasciata, Alcock, J. A.S.B., Vol. LXIIL. pt. 2,

1894, p. 132, pl. vii. fig. 4, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. xy.

fig. 5.

Bay of Bengal at 145-250 fms.

CYNOGLOSSUS.

141. Cynoglossus monopus, Blkr.

Cynoglossus melanopterus, Gunther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. IV. p.

502: Cynoglossus monopus, Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. VI. p. 38, pl. cexly. fig.

4: Cynoglossus melanopterus, Alcock, J. A. S. B., Vol. LVIII. pt. 2,

1889, p. 289.

Off Ganjam coast at 7 fms.

142. Cynoglossus versicolor, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI.

1890, p. 442.

Off Orissa coast at 11 fms.; off Makrén (Baluchistan) coast.

143. Cynoglossus preecisus, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI.

1890, p. 442.

Off Coromandel coast at 20-33 fms,

144. Cynoglossus carpenteri, Alcock, J. A. S. B., Vol. LVIII. pt. 2.

1889, p. 287, pl. xviii. fig. 1; and Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI. 1890,

p. 217.

Off Coromandel coast at 68-107 fms.

1896. | A. Aleock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. 331

Sub Order PHYSOSTOMI.

V. *Family Sternoptychide.

lii. *ARGYROPELECUS, Cocco.

145. <Argyropelecus hemigymnus, Cocco.

Ginther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. V. p. 385, and Challenger Deep

Sea Fishes, p. 167: Goode and Bean, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Vol. X.

1883, p. 220: Facciola, Nat. Sicil. II. 206: Vinciguerra, Ann. Mus.

Genoy. (2) II. 469: Carus, Prod. Faun. Medit. II. 568: Alcock, Ann.

Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VIII. 1891, p. 126.

Bay of Bengal in 1803 fms.

liv. *STeRNOPTYx, Herm.

146. Sternoptyx diaphana, Herm.

Ginther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. V. p. 387, and Challenger Deep

Sea Fishes, p. 169, pl. xlv. figs. D. D’: Goode and Bean, Bull. Mus.

Comp. Zool. Vol, X. 1883 p. 220: A. Agassiz, Bull, Mus. Comp. Zool.

Vol. XV. p. 22, fig. 195.

Off Malabar coast in 912-931 fms.

ly. *Ponyrpnus, Gthr.

147. Polyipnus spinosus, Gthr,

Ginther, Challenger Deep Sea Fishes, p. 170, pl. li. fig. B: Alcock,

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV. 1889, p. 398, and VIII. 1891, p. 126.

Off coasts of Andaman Is. in 188-240 fms.

lvi. *Gonostoma, Raf.

148. Gonostoma microdon, Gthr.

Giinther, Challenger Deep Sea Fishes, p. 175 (ubi synon.): Alcock,

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) IV. 1889, p. 399.

Off coasts of Andamans in 485-265 fms.

149. Gonostoma elongatum, Gthr.

Ginther, Challenger Deep Sea Fishes, p. 173, pl. xlv. fig. B:

. Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VIII. 1891, p. 127; and X. 1892,

p- 004,

Laccadive Sea in 738-1200 fms.

332 A. Alcock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. [No. 3,

lvii. *CHaAuLiopus, Bl. Schn.

150. Chauliodus sloanii, Bl. Schn.

Giinther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. V. p. 392 (ubi synon.), and Chal-

lenger Deep Sea Fishes, p. 179: Goode and Bean, Bull. Ess. Inst. XI.

1879, p. 22: Goode, P. U.S. N. M., III. 1880, p. 483: Facciola, Nat.

Sicil. II. 206: Vinciguerra, Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) II. 469: A. Agassiz,

Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. XV. p. 32, fig. 214: Carus, Prod. Faun. Medit.

II. 570: Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV. 1889, p. 399; VIII.

1891, p. 127; X. 1892, p. 355.

Bay of Bengal in 1590 fms., G. of Manaar in 597 fms., Laccadive Sea.

151. Chauliodus pammelas, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) X.

1892, p. 355.

Laccadive Sea in 1870 fms.

Family Scopelide.

HaArPopon.

152. Harpodon squamosus, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VIII.

1891, p. 127, and X. 1892, p. 356.

Bay of Bengal, off east coast of India in 200-300 fms,

lviii. *ScoPeLARCHUS, ante, p. 306.

153. Scopelarchus guentheri, ante, p. 307.

lix. * Baruyprerois, Gthr.

154. Bathypterois guentheri, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV.

1889, p. 450; VIII. 1891, p. 129; and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes,

pl. vii. fig. 6.

Off coasts of Andaman Is., 490-561 fms.

155. Bathypterois insularum, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) X.

1892, p. 356.

Laccadive Sea, 1140 fms.

156. Bathypterots atricolor, ante, p. 306.

lx. * CHLOROPHTHALMUS, Bonap.

157. Chlorophthalmus corniger, Alcock, J. A. 8. B. Vol. LXIII. pt.

2, 1894, p. 133, pl. vi. fig. 5, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. xv.

fig. 8.

Bay of Bengal in 145-250 fms.

1896. ] A. Alcock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. 333

ScoPgELvs.

158. Scopelus pyrsobolus, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI.

1890, p. 218, pl. viii. fig. 3.

Off Madras coast in 920-690 fms.

159. Scopelus (Myctophum) pterotus, Aleock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.

(6) VI. 1890, p. 217, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. ix. fig. 3.

Off Madras coast in 98-102 fms.

160. Scopelus engraulis, Gthr.

Giinther, Challenger Deep Sea Fishes, p. 197, pl. li. fig. C: Alcock,

Ann. Mage. Nat. Hist. (6) VIII. 1891, p. 129.

Andaman Sea in 188-220 fms.

lxi. *Nzwoscopretus, Johns.

161. Neoscopelus macrolepidotus, Johns.

Johnson, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 44, pl. vii: Ginther Cat. Fishes Brit.

Mas. p. 414, and Challenger Deep Sea Fishes, p. 196 (Scopelus macro-

lepidotus) : Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VIII. 1891, p. 129.

Andaman Sea in 188-220 fms.

lxii. *ScopEeLEeNnGcys.

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI. 1890, p. 302.

162. Scopelengys tristis, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI.

1890, p. 303, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. vil. fig. 7.

Laccadive Sea in 1000 fms.

lxiii. *OponTOosToMUS, Cocco.

163. Odontostomus atratus, Alcock, J. A. S. B., Vol. LXII. pt. 2,

1893, p. 182, pl. ix. fig. 4.

Bay of Bengal in 573 fms.

VI. *Family Stomiatide.

lxiv. *Stomias, Cuv.

164, Stomias nebulosus, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV.

1889, p. 451, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. vu. fig. 1.

Gulf of Manaar in 597 fms.

165. Stomias elongatus, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VIII.

rg) p. 129;

Laccadive Sea in 738 fms.

Jo 45

304 A. Aleock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. [No. 3.

Ixv. * Matacostgeus, Ayres.

166. Malacosteus indicus, Gthr.

Giinther, Challenger Deep Sea Fishes, p. 214, pl. liv. fig. B:

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV. 1889, p. 452.

Andaman Sea in 650 fms.

Ixvi. ™ THAUMASTOMIAS.

_ Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI. 1890, p. 220, and ante, p. 309.

167. Thaumastomias atrox, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI.

1890, p. 220, pl. viii. fig. 7.

Off Madras coast in 1310 fms.

Family Clupeide.

Ixvii. *BATHYCLUPEA.

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VIII. 1891, p. 130.

168. Bathyclupea hoskynii, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VIII.

1891, p. 131, fig. 4, p. 132.

Andaman Sea in 188-220 fms., off Madras coast in 145-250 fms.

VII. *Family Alepocephalide.

Ixvili. *ALEPOCEPHALUS, Risso.

169. Alepocephalus bicolor, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VIII.

1891, p. 133, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. iv. fig. 2.

Off Madras coast in 240-276 fms,

170. Alepocephalus blanfordi, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) X.

1892, p. 357, and Il]. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. ix. fig. 1.

Gulf of Manaar in 902 fms.

171. Alepocephalus edentulus, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6)

X. 1892, p. 358, pl. xviii. fig. 2.

Off Madras coast in 475 fms.

Ixix. *Batuytrocres, Gthr.

172. ? Bathytroctes microlepis Gthr.

Giinther, Challenger Deep Sea Fishes, p. 226, pl. lvii. fig. A:

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) TV. 1889, p. 452.

Andaman Sea in 500 fms.

173. Bathytroctes squamosus, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6)

VI. 1890, p. 803, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. v. fig, 1.

Off Goa coast in 740 fms.

-1896.} A. Alcock—~-Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. 339

Ixx. *WNarceres.

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) V1. 1890, p. 305.

174. Narcetes erimelas, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI. 1890

p. 305 ; Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. iv. fig. 1.

Off Goa coast in 740 fms.

Ixxi. *Pxiatyrrocrzs, Gthr.

175. Platytroctes apus, Gthr.

Ginther, Challenger Deep Sea Fishes, p. 229, pl. Iviii. fig. A:

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI. 1890, p. 307.

Off Goa coast in 740 fms.

lxxii. * XenopeRMicHtTHyYs, Gthr.

176. Xenodermichthys guentheri, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) X.

1892, p. 359, pl. xviii. fig. 3.

Off Madras coast in 678 fms.

lxxili. * AULASTOMOMORPHA.

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat, Hist. (6) VI. 1890, p. 307.

' 177. Aulastomomorpha phosphorops, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.

(6) VI. 1890, p. 307, and VII. 1891. fig. 1, p. 10; 111. Zool. Investigator,

Fishes, pl. v. fig. 2.

Laccadive Sea in 1000 fms.

lxxiv. * LeptoperMa, Vaillant.

178. Leptoderma macrops, Vaill.

Vaillant, Exp. Sci. Travailleur et Talisman, Poiss. p. 166, pl. xiii.

fig. 2: Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) X. 1892, p. 361.

Off Madras coast in 753 fms.

VIII. * Family Halosauride.

xxv. * Hazosaurvs, Johns.

Halosaurus, Johnson, P.Z.S. 1863, p. 406: Giinther, Cat. Fishes

Brit. Mus, VII. p. 482, and Challenger Deep. Sea Fishes, p. 232.

Halosaurichthys, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV. 1889, p. 454.

179. Halosaurus afinis, Gthr,

Giinther, Challenger Deep Sea Fishes, p. 241, pl. lix. fig. B;

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI. p. 309.

Laccadive Sea in 1000 fms.

336 A. Alcock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. [No. 3,

180. Halosaurus hoskynit, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI.

1890, p. 309, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl, vil. fig. 3.

Laccadive Sea in 1000 fms.

181. Halosaurus mediorostris, Gthr.

Ginther, Challenger Deep Sea Fishes, p. 239, pl. lix. fig. C:

Alcock, J. A. S. B. Vol. LXIII. pt. 2, 1894, p. 136.

Off N. Maldive Atoll in 719 fms.

182. Halosaurus anguilliformis, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist (6)

IV. 1889, p. 453.

Gulf of Manaar in 675 fms.

183. Halosawrus parvipennis, Alcock, Aun. Mag. Nat. Hist (6) X:

1892, p. 362.

Laccadive Sea in 865-880 fms.

184. Halosaurus carinicauda, Alcock, Ann..Mag. Nat. Hist. (6)

IX. 1889, p. 454, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. vu. figs. 2, 2a.

Andaman Sea in 490 fms.

Family Murenide.

Ixxvi. *NemicutrHys, Richdsn.

185. Nemichthys acanthonotus, Alcock, J. A. S. B., Vol. LXIII.

pt. 2, 1894, p. 136, and Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. xiv. fig. 5.

Bay of Bengal in 475 fms.

Ixxvil. *GaviaLicEps, Wood-Mason.

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV. 1889, p. 460.

186. Gavialiceps microps, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV.

1889, p. 461; X. 1892, p. 364.

Bay of Bengal, off Andamans and Nicobars, 1045 fms., Laccadive Sea in 1370

fms., G. of Manaar in 902 fms.

Ixxvill. *™DysommMa.

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, (6) IV. 1889, p. 459.

187. Dysomma bucephalus, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV.

1889, p. 459; VIII. 1891, p. 1387, fig 5: Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes,

pl. vi. fig. 1: J. A. S. B. Vol. LXIT. pt. 2, 1898, p. 184.

Bay of Bengal, off east coast of Peninsula in 128-276 fms.

lxxix. *DyYSOMMOPSIS.

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VIII. 1891, p. 137.

1896. ] A. Alcock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. 337

188. Dysommopsis muciparus, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6)

VIII. 1891, p. 137.

Off Madras coast in 240-270 fms.

lxxx. *COLOCONGER.

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV. 1889, p. 456.

189. Coloconger raniceps, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV.

1889, p. 456; X. 1892, p. 364: Ill. Zool. Investigator, 1ishes, pl. vii. fig. 4.

Andaman Sea in 265-271 fms., Bay of Bengal in 200-400 fms.

Ixxxi. ™ BaTHymyRUS.

Alcock, J. A. S. B., Vol. LVIII. pt. 2, 1889, p. 305.

190. Bathymyrus echinorhynchus, Alcock, J. A. 8. B., Vol. LVIIL

pt. 2, 1889, p. 305, pl. xxii. fig. 6.

Bay of Bengal in 68-95 fms.

This form connects Coloconger and Congromurena.

CoNGROMURANA.

191. Congromureena macrocercus, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.

(6) VI. 1889, p. 455; VIII. 1891, p. 135; X. 1892, p. 362: Ill. Zool. In-

vestigator, Fishes, pl. vil. fig. 5: J. A. S. B. Vol. LXIII. pt. 2, 1894, p. 134.

Andaman Sea in 265 fms., Bay of Bengal in 200-300 fms.

= C. longicauda, Alcock nec Ramsay ana Ogilby.

192. Congromurzena squaliceps, Alcock, J. A.S.B., Vol. UXII.

pt. 2, 1893, p. 183, and Vol. LXIII. pt. 2, 1894, p. 184.

Off Madras coast in 128-210 fms.

193. Congromurena nasica, Alcock, J. A. 8. B., Vol. LXII. pt. 2,

1893, p. 183, and Vol. LXIII. pt. 2, 1894, p. 134; Ill. Zool. Investi-

gator, Fishes, pl. ix, fig. 2.

Off Madras coast in 128-210 fms.

194. Congromureena musteliceps, Alcock, J. A. S. B., Vol. LXIII.

pt. 2, 1894, pp. 153, 134, pl. vii. fig. 5: Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes,

pl. xv. fig. 7.

Off Madras coast in 165-250 fms.

Ixxxil, *PROMYLLANTOR.

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) VI. 1890, p. 310.

195. Promyllantor purpwreus, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6)

VI. 1890, p. 310: Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. vi, fig. 2.

Laccadive Sea in 1000 fms,

338 A. Aleock—Supplementary List of Indian Fishes. [No. 3,

UROCONGER,

196. Uroconger vicinus, Vaillant,

Vaillant, Exp. Sci. Travailleur et Talisman, Poissons, p. 86, pl. vi.

fig. 1: Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. X. 1892, p. 363.

Off Madras coast in 475 fms., Laccadive Sea in 636 fms,

Ixxxiii. *SAUROMURZNESOX.

Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IV. 1889, p. 457.

197. Sauromuraenesox vorax, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6)

IV. 1889, p. 458: Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. vi. fig. 3.

Bay of Bengal in 193-250 fms.

Very closely allied to Murznesoz.

Ixxxivy. * Xenomystax, Gilbert.

198. Xenomystax trucidans, Alcock, J. A. 8S. B., Vol. LXIII. pt. 2,

1894, p. 184: Ill. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. xvi. fig. 5.

Off N. Maldive atoll in 719 fms., off Travancore coast in 406 fms.

Ixxxv. * Nerrastoma, Raf,

199. Nettastoma tewniola, Wood-Mason, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat.

Hist. (6) 1V. 1889, p. 460 (Gavialiceps teniola) ; VIII. 1891, p. 135;

X. 1892, p. 364.

Andaman Sea in 265 fms., Bay of Bengal in 240-280 fms.

Sub-Order PLECTOGNATHI.

Family Sclerodermi.

Ixxxvi. * TrracantHopss, Blkr.

200. Triacanthodes ethiops, Alcock, J. A. S. B., Vol. LXIII. pt. 2,

1894, p. 137, pl. vii. fig. 6: I]. Zool. Investigator, Fishes, pl. xv. fig. 9.

Off Madras coast in 145-250 fms.

OSTRACION.

201. Ostracion fornasini, Bianc.

Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. V. 34, Ostrac. Tab. IIT. fig. 4: Giinther, Cat.

Fishes Brit. Mus. VIII. p. 264.

Off Ceylon in 34 fms.

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 339

Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.—By Gerorae Kine,

M.B., LL.D., F.R.S., C.LE., Superintendent of the Royal Botanic

Garden, Calcutta.

No. 8.

[Recd. 18th May, Read 38rd June. ]

Orper XXXI. Cenasrrines.

Erect or climbing trees or shrubs. Branches sometimes spinescent.

Leaves opposite or alternate, more or less coriaceous, simple, petioled,

rarely subsessile, entire or serrate; stipules caducous or 0. Flowers

hermaphrodite or polygamous, usually cymose. Calyx small, with 4 or

5 imbricate lobes, persistent. Petals 4-5, rarely 0, inserted below the

disc or continuous with its margin, imbricate. Stamens 3-5, rarely 2,

filaments subulate or flattened, anthers 2-celled. Disc usually conspi-

cuous, pulvinate or flattened, lobed or entire, rarely 0. Ovary sessile,

the disc free at the base or confluent with it, 3—5-celled; style short or 0 ;

stigma triangular, rarely 3-partite. Ovules 2 or 4 in each cell, anatro-

pous, erect, rarely 1 and pendulous; or many, ascending and attached

to the axis. Fruit capsular, baccate, drupaceous or samaroid. Seed

arillate or exarillate, sometimes winged, albumen fleshy or 0; embryo

usually large ; cotyledons foliaceous, flat.—Distris. Species about 500,

scattered over the tropical and temperate regions of the whole world.

Tribe I. CELASTRINEZ, Stamens 4 or 5; the filaments slender,

often recurved, inserted on or beneath the margin of the disc. Seeds

(except in Kokoona) albuminous.

Fruit dehiscent, leaves opposite (sometimes alternate in Lophopetalum).

Ovules 2 in the axis of each cell, petals

efoveolate.

Petals connate, seeds not arillate .«» 2. MIcROTROPIS.

Petals free, seeds arillate ... 2. Huonymus.

Ovules 1 in each cell, pendulous; petals

bifoveolate, seeds arillate das ..» o GLYPTOPETALUM.

Ovules 4 or more in each cell; seeds Weeds

Petals inappendiculate; disc cupular,

the stamens inserted on its edge or on

the inner vertical surface of its up-

turned edge; ovary not buried in the

disc — . 4 Koxoona.

Petals tralian or Hastenle on the upper

surface; disc broadly orbicular, flat, the

stamens inserted half way between the

340 G. King—Waterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

centre and circumference; ovary buried

in the disc ee pt ... ©. LOPHOPETALUM. .

Fruit dehiscent; leaves alternate; ovules 2 in

each cell, erect; seeds arillate.

Disc free from the ovary, the stamens insert-

ed on its margin, capsule 3-celled ... 6. CELASTRUS.

Disc confluent with the ovary, stamens insert-

ed underneath it, capsule 3-celled ... 7% GYMNOSPORIA.

Ovary free from the disc, and crowned by a

tuft of hairs; styles 2, capsule entire or 2-

elgsl con ... 8. KURRIMIA.

Fruit a dry or pulpy vadeliccent cane 9. ELAEODENDRON.

Tribe II, Huiprpocrarsz. Stamens 3, yore 2, 4or 5; the filaments

broad, flattened, recurved so that the anthers dehisce ontwayaiee inserted

on the disc; seeds exalbuminous; leaves usually opposite.

Fruit flattened, dehiscent, seeds winged ... 10. Huppocrarza.

Fruit globular or ovoid, pulpy and indehis-

cent, seeds not winged 500 veog ul Le MO AUACIS

1. Microtropis, Wall.

Glabrous trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, petioled or subsessile,

exstipulate, entire. Flowers in sessile clusters or in peduncled cymes,

axillary or supra-axillary, sometimes unisexual. Sepals 4 or 5, imbri-

cate. Petals 4 or 5, rarely 0, connate at the base, erect. Stamens 5,

inserted on the disc or on the tube of the corolla. Disc 0, or small.

Ovary free, ovoid, perfectly or imperfectly 2-3-celled; style very short

or absent; stigma minutely 2—4-lobed ; ovules 2 in each cell, collateral

at the inner angle. Capsule ovoid, coriaceous, 1-celled, 2-valved, 1-

seeded, surrounded at the base by the persistent calyx. Seed erect,

stipitate; aril 0.—Duisrris. Species about 12; mountains of India,

Ceylon, the Malayan Peninsula and Java.

Cymes sessile, very condensed, about as long as the

petioles, axillary, under ‘5 in. long 4 .. Ll. W. elliptica

Cymes and their peduncles °5 to °75 in. long ». 2. WM. discolor

Cymes extra-axillary, on long thin peduncles.

Cymes 3- to 5-flowered, their peduncles ‘5 to

°75 in. long; petals ovate-rotund ... .. 3 WM. bivalvis.

Cymes many-flowered, their peduncles 1:25 to

3 in. long; petals oblong as .. 4 M. fileformis.

1. Microrropis ELLIPTICA, n. sp. King. A shrub or small tree;

young branches terete, pale when dry. Leaves thinly coriaceous, broadly

1896.] G. King—Waterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 341

elliptic, rather suddenly and sharply acuminate, the base more or less

cuneate; lower surface pale brown when dry, the upper olivaceous ;

main nerves about 6 pairs, curved, ascending, faint; length 4°5 to 5

in., breadth 1°85 to 2°5 in., petiole ‘3 in. Cymes axillary, condensed,

sessile, not much longer than the petioles, 6- to 8-flowered. Flowers °25

in. in diam., sessile. Sepals 4 or 5, narrowly reniform, with dark coarse

teeth. Petals 4 or 5, larger than the sepals, sub-rotund, fleshy, with

sub-entire membranous edges. Stamens 4 or 5, slightly shorter than

the ovary, much shorter than the petals; anther-cells divaricate at

the base ; the filaments flattened, broad and united into a tube in their

lower half. Ovary 2-celled, produced into the long cylindro-conic

glabrous style; stigma capitate, faintly 2-lobed. Fruit glabrous, ovoid,

tapering to apex and base, the style and calyx persistent, leugth ‘6 to

°7 in., its peduncle ‘2 in.

Malacca: Maingay (Kew Distrib.), No. 945/2. Penang: Curtis

Nos. 345, 968. Perak: King’s Collector, Nos. 1333, 1582, 4193.

2. Microrropris pisconor, Wall. Cat. 4337. An erect shrub or

small tree; young branches thin, terete, smooth, dark-coloured when

dry. Leaves thinly coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, much acuminate,

entire, the base acute; both surfaces dull when dry, the lower pale:

main nerves 4 or 5 pairs, curved, ascending, faint ; length 3°5 to 4:5 in.,

breadth 1 to 3°75 in., petiole ‘25 to‘3in. Cymes ‘5 to ‘75 in. long or

less, slightly extra-axillary, spreading, divaricate, 8- to 10-flowered,

bracteolate. Flowers ‘1 in. in length, subsessile. Sepals narrowly reni-

form, unequal, the edges minutely ciliolate. Petals much larger than

the sepals, broadly oblong-ovate, rather concave, with a slight central

ridge, glabrous. Anthers 5, ovoid, with short filaments inserted on a

thin hypogynous disc. Ovary longer than the stamens, 2-celled, tapering

into the thick conical style: stigma truncate, 2-lobed. Fruit sub-

globular, glabrous, 3 in. long. Kurz For. Flora Burma, I, 251; Lawson

in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 614; Arn. in Ann. Nat. Hist. 111. 152. Cassine

discolor, Wall. ix. Roxb. FI. Ind., ed. Carey, ii, 378. Celastrinea? Wall.

Cat. 9014. Huonymus garcinifolius, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 628,

Penang, in damp ravines on West Hill, elevat. 2,000 feet, Curtis

No. 1727; also on Government Hill.—Distris. Sub-tropical Himalaya,

Khasia Hills, Burma.

A species very common along the base of the Himalaya and the

Khasia Hills and in Burma; but found in these provinces only in

Penang. Mr. Curtis’s specimens differ from those from British India

in having rather smaller flowers and fruit, and much shorter filaments ;

otherwise they agree perfectly.

3. Microrropis pivatvis, Wall. Cat. 4340. A bush or small tree ;

J. 1. 44

342 G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (No. 3,

young branches terete, dark-coloured when dry. Leaves thinly coriaceous,

oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, entire, the base narrowed ; both surfaces

pale and rather dull when dry: main nerves 5 or 6 pairs, faint, not more

prominent than the intermediates: length 2°5 to 3°5 in., breadth 1 to 1°75

m., petiole -25 to 35 m. Cymes extra-axillary, from 1 to 1-5 in. long; the

pedunele filiform, *5 to'75 in. long. Flowers about 3 to 5, *25 in. in diam.,

on thin divaricating pedicels -2 to ‘3 in. long (longer in fruit). Sepals

narrowly reniform, imbricate in two rows, sub-glabrous, pale, the edges

dark-coloured and minutely crenulate. Pefals larger than the sepals,

spreading, rather coriaceous, ovate-rotund, narrowed to the base,

glabrous. Stamens 5; tlhe anthers broadly ovate, the filaments dilated

and conjoined in their lower half into a tube. Disc none. Ovary short,

2-celled ; style about as long as the stamens, cylindric, striate, expanded

at the apex, the stigma truncate and 2-lobed. Fruit ovoid, glabrous,

crowned by the persistent style and with the calyx persistent at the

base, ‘5 in. long, usually 1-celled and 1-seeded, but sometimes 2-celled and

2-seeded. Lawson in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I..614 (in part).

Penang: Wallich’s Collector; Curtis, No. 1025. Malacca: Maingay

(Kew Distrib.) No. 392/2.

The plant here described is that issued by Wallich doubtfully as a

Microtropis ander the name M ? bivulvis. It is not, as Wallich appa-

rently supposed, the plant published by Jack in 1820 (Malayan Mis-

cellanies No. V) as Celastrus ? bivalvis; for Jack describes his plant

as apetalous. I have seen no authentic specimen of Jack’s plant; but

I have little doubt that it is, as Miquel believed, the same as the species

to receive which that Botanist founded in 1859 the genus Paracelastrus

(Mig. Flora Ind. Bat. I, pt. 2, p. 590). Wallich issued under his Cata-

logue number 7270, and the name Huwonymus capillaceus,a Penang plant

with solitary capillary extra-axillary pedicels; but his specimens have

neither flowers nor fruit. {It is possible that this may be the lost

Celastrus ? bivalvis of Jack. The issue of Wallich’s Catalogue was not .

begun until 1828, eight years later than the issue of the number of the

Malayan Miscellanies where Jack’s C. ? bivalvis was published. But,

as Wallich correctly suggested the genus Microtropis for his No. 4540,

that author’s name must stand for this plant, and another must be

found for the true apetalous Celastrus ? bivalvis of Jack, should Miquel’s

genus Paracelastrus not be maintained.

4, Muicrorroris ritirormis, King. A small tree; 10 to 15 feet high ;

young branches slender, terete, dark-coloured when dry. Leaves thinly

coriaceous, more or less broadly elliptic, shortly acuminate, the edges

sub-undulate, slightly recurved when dry, the base cuneate; the upper

surface shining, the lower dull, pale; main nerves 5 to S pairs,

1896.] G. King—Waterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 343

spreading, indistinct, not more prominent than the intermediate and

secondary ; length 4°5 to 7 in., breadth 1°5 to 2:75 in., petioles °3 to ‘4 in.

Cymes axillary or extra-axillary, on filiform peduncles 1°25 to 3 in.

long, divaricate, bracteolate, 1-many-flowered. Flowers ‘3 in. in diam.,

en pedicels ‘1 to *2 in. long. Sepals narrowly reniform, sparsely-puberu-

lous. Petals much longer than the sepals, oblong, obtuse, with a central

longitudinal ridge on the upper surface, puberulous, united into a short

tube at the very base. Stwmens 5, longer than the pistil but much

shorter than the petals; anthers broadly ovoid, the filaments dilated

especially at the base and attached to the corolla tube. Ovary short, disc

none ; style cylindric, ridged ; sti7qgmu broad, flat. Pruet ovoid, pointed, gla-

brous, smooth ; ‘5 in. long, the calyx persistent at its base, the style sub-

persistent on the apex. WM. bivalvis, Lawson in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. L

614 (in part) not of Wall. Microtropis bivalvis, Kurz (not of Wall.) For.

Flora Burma,I, 251. Huonymus? laeta. Wall. Cat. No. 4294. Luony-

mus filiformis, No. 4295.

Penang: Porter, Stolickza. Perak: Wray No. 435, King’s Col-

lector, No. 2025. Disrris, Tenasserim. Helfer, No. 1980 (Kew

Distrib. )

This has been included by Mr. Lawson in Fl. Br. Ind. under M.

bivalvis, Wall., but it isa perfectly distinct plant; differing from that

in the great. length of the peduncles of its cymes, in the larger size of

its leaves, and in its fewer larger flowers.

2. Evonymus, Linn.

Trees or shrubs, erect, rarely scandent, glabrous. leaves oppo-

site, petioled, rarely subsessile; stipules caducous. Calyx 4—5-fid,

spreading or recurved. Petals MES: free, efoveolate. Stamens 4-5,

inserted on the disc; anthers broad, 2-celled. Disc large, fleshy, 4—-5-

lobed. Ovary sunk in the disc, 3-5-celled ; style short or 0, stigma 3-5-

lobed ; ovules 2 in each cell, attached to the inner angle, ascending and

suspended. Capsule 3-9-celled, 3—-5-lobed, angled or winged, coriaceous,

rarely echinate ; cells 1-2-seeded, leculicidal. Seeds covered by the aril,

albuminous.—Disrris. About 80 species chiefly tropical Asiatic and

Malayan ; a few European and Nerth American.

Flowers usually in fascicles of 2 or 3, rarely in 2-

to 3-flowered cymes; petals fimbriate ... .. LL H. Javanicus.

Flowers in very lax divaricate slender spreading

10- to 20-flowered cymes; petals not fimbriate ... 2. E. Wrayi.

1. Euvonyuus Javanicus, Blume Bijdr. 1146. A shrub or small

tree; young branches slender, sub-terete. Leaves sub-coriaceeus, ob-

344 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

long-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, acuminate, remotely and obscurely

serrate, or entire, the base cuneate ; main nerves 5 or 6 pairs, impressed

on the upper surface when dry; length 4 to 6 in., breadth 1°35 to 2°5

in., petioles -3 to °5 in. Flowers in fascicles of 2 or 3 from the axils

of leaves or of fallen leaves, sometimes from a common peduncle 1 to

2 in. long: peduncles slender, *5 in. long, (much longer in fruit).

Sepals 5, small, rotund. Petals 5, broadly oblong, much larger than the

sepals, fimbriate. Stamens 5, the anther cells divaricate, the connective

thick. Ovary conical. Frwt obovate or pyriform, deeply 5-lobed, °75

in. long. Benn. in Horsf. Pl. Jav. Rar. 13, t. 28; Hassk. in Nat.

Tijdschr. Gesch. x. 149; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I. pt. 2. p. 588; Hook. fil.

Fl. Br, Ind. I. 607; Kurz For, Flora Burma, I. 249. H. swmatranus, Mig.

Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 512. #. sphaerocarpus, Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor.

229. HE. timorensis, Zipp. ex Spanoghe in Linnea XV, (1841) 186.

In all the Provinces except the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Distris. Burma, the Malayan Archipelago.

A widely distributed species, varying very little. The form dis-

tinguished as H. swmatranus by Miquel has rather longer fruit than

usual, and its leaves are more distinctly serrate.

2. Huonymus Wrayl,n. sp. King. A small tree; young branches

terete, smooth, dark-coloured when dry. Leaves as in H. javanicus, but

the main nerves less prominent. Cymes axillary or terminal, long-

pedunculate, very lax, 3 to 4 in. across ; the branches filiform, divaricate,

12- to 20-flowered, bracteolate at the base ; the peduncles slender, 1:5 to

2in. long. Flowers nearly 25 in. in diam. on slender minutely bracteo-

late pedicels *25 to *35 in. long. Sepals 5, large, rotund, spreading,

concave, glabrescent, the edges membranous. Petals 5, not much

larger than the sepals, rotund, clawed ; the edges incurved, undulate

but not fimbriate, minutely puberulous, green with dull crimson veins.

Anthers 5, short, with globular cells opening upwards, the connective

orbicular. Disc thick, fleshy, obtusely 5-lobed. Ovary sunk in the

disc, broad with a conical apex: stigma capitate, small. Fruit shortly

and broadly pyriform, deeply 5-lobed ; calyx persistent at its much-con-

tracted base, °75 in. long and nearly as broad at the apex.

Perak : on Gunong Batu Pateh, elevat. 4,500 feet; Wray No. 403.

Pahang: Kota Glanggi, Ridley No. 2652.

3. GuyproperaLum, Thwaites.

Erect shrubs or small trees, glabrous. Leaves opposite, petioled,

ex-stipulate. Cymes 3- or more-flowered. Calya with 4 short spreading

lobes. Petals 4, each with 2 pit-like depressions on the upper surface.

Stamens 4, inserted above the disc; the connective dilated ; anther-cells

1896.] G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 345

diverging. Disc 4-lobed. Ovary immersed in the disc, 4-lobed, 4-

celled ; style short, stigma capitate; ovules solitary and pendulous from

the top of each cell. Capsule subglobose, coriaceous, 1-4-celled, 1-4-

seeded. Seeds asin Huonymus.—DistRis. Species 7; in Ceylon, Southern

India, and Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves 2°5 to 3°5 in. long ... wv. L. G. Scortechinit.

~)oito 12am. longs) *... . 2. G. quadrangulare,

1. GutypropeTaLuM ScorTECHINIIT, n. sp. King. Young branches

terete, striate. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic, often slightly obovate, very

shortly and obtusely cuspidate, the edges with a few remote obscure

serratures in the upper third, the base cuneate; main nerves 8 to 10

pairs, spreading, much curved, very faint and not more prominent than

the intermediate and secondary nerves; length 2°5 to 3°5 in., breadth

1:35 to 1°75 in., petioles °25 in. Flowering peduncles rather stout, supra-

axillary, 1-5 to nearly 2 in. long; pedicels 2 or 3, under an inch in

length. Fruit broadly obovate, deeply 5-lobed, glabrous, -45 in. long,

the 5 sub-rotund reflexed sepals persistent at its base.

Perak: Scortechini, No. 1617.

A species collected only by the late Rev. Father Scortechini, whose

specimens are not in flower. He referred the plant to Huonymus, but

the solitary ovules in the cells of the immature fruit show that its

place is in Glyptopetalum.

2. GLYPTOPETALUM QUADRANGULARE, Prain MSS. in. Herb. Cale. A

shrub 8 to 15 feet high; young branches boldly 4-angled, narrowly

winged. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, shortly acumi-

nate, obscurely and remotely serrate in the upper half, the base rounded

or cuneate; both surfaces bullate, the upper shining, the lower dull;

main nerves 10 to 12 pairs, when dry much depressed on the upper and

very prominent on the lower surface, the reticulations wide and dis-

tinct; length 6 to 12 in., breadth 2°5 to 5 in., petiole ‘3 to ‘6 in.

Cymes much shorter than the leaves, dichotomous, minutely 2-bracteolate

at the bifurcations, axillary, few-flowered, on slender peduncles

15 to 2 in. long (nearly twice as long in fruit). Flowers °3 in. in

diam., their pedicels 2°5 in. long (longer in fruit). Sepals 4, nar-

rowly reniform, entire. Petals 4, attached to the edges of the thick

fleshy 4-lobed disc, much longer than the sepals, broadly rotund-reni-

form, clawed, the edges incurved, smooth. Anthers reniform; the cells

on short thin filaments, sub-orbicular. Ovary sunk in the disc, the

capitate stigma alone projecting, 4-celled: ovules solitary. Fruit de-

pressed, obtusely 4-angled, capsular, ‘4: to ‘6 in. in diam.

Perak: Scortechini No. 524. Wray No. 3229: King’s Collector

Nos. 7106, 8222.

346 G. King—Matertals for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

4. Koxoons, Thwaites.

Trees with opposite petioled coriaceous leaves. Calyx small,

5-lobed. Petals 5, free, coriaceous, without crests. Stamens 5, inserted

on the margin of the disc; anthers oblong. Dise thick, glandular,

sub-entire. Ovary immersed in the disc, 3-celled ; style short, stigma

3-lobed ; ovules 4 in each cell, in 2.series, adnate to the axis, ascending.

Capsule woody, oblong, -3-gonous, 3-celled, 3-valved; cells 4-seeded.

Seeds broadly winged above, imbricate, exalbuminous.—Disteie. Species

©; Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula and Borneo.

The only tangible distinctions between this genus and Lophopetalum appear

to be that (1) in this there are no appendages of any kind on the petals, whereas

in Lophopetalum they are lamellate or crested (or both) on the anterior surface ;

(2) the disc in this is cupular and the stamens are inserted either on its edge or on

the inner vertical surface of its up-turned edge ; (3) the ovary is not buried in the

disc, whereas in Lophopetalum the disc is broadly orbicular and flat and the stamens

are inserted (often in pits) half way between its centre and circumference, the

ovary being buried in the disc. The seeds, which used to be relied upon for distinctive

marks, are found, now that the ripe fruit of Lophopetalum is better known, to be

winged in both, and the fruit in both to be an elongated triquetrous or 3-winged

capsule. It seems doubtful whether this genus should be maintained as distinct

from Lophopetalum.

Panicles much longer than the leaves, 4 to 6 ©

in. long; flowers 1 in. in diam. 0 cL. KK -hitvorais:

Panicles shorter or only a little longer than

the leaves; flowers -25 or °3 in. in diam.

Leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 2°75 to

BD) way Ones Gas ee .. 2. K. Scortechinit.

Leaves broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, 4°5

tokopimay lomcae.e 56 «se o-- KK. Coniacem

1. Koxoona Litroratis, Laws. in Hook. fil. FJ. Br. Ind. I, 617.

A tree; leaves thinly coriaceous, broadly ovate, acute or sub-cuspidate,

entire, subundulate, the base rounded ; main nerves 8 to 10 pairs,

spreading, faint; length 3 to 4in., breadth 2 to 2°5 in., petiole *8 to 1

in. Panicles axillary or terminal, large, 4 to 6 in. long and about as

much across, many-flowered, bracteolate, the branches divergent, the

branchlets cymose. lowers ‘1 in. in diam., the pedicels about as long.

Calyx lobes sub-acute. Petals not crested or fimbriate ; filaments inserted

on the edge of the disc. Disc orbicular and without appendages. Fruit

capsular, broadly 3-winged, 4°5 in. long and 1°5 in. broad, the pericarp

coriaceous; Seeds 1°5 to 2 in. long, oblong, compressed, winged all

round. Lophopetalum littoralis, Kurz For. Flora Burma, I, 255. Trigono-

carpus littoralis, Wall. Cat. No. 6520.

Malacca: Maingay. Singapore; Lobb.—Disrris. Burma.

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 347

2. Koxoona Scortecuinn, King n. sp. A large tree 70 to 80

feet high; young branches smooth, dark-coloured when dry. Leaves

coriaceous, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acute or sub-acute, entire, the base

euneate, lower surface cinereous when dry ; main nerves about 6 or 7

pairs, spreading, faint; length 2°75 to 3:15 in., breadth 1:35 to 2 in.,

petioles 25 to 35 in. Panicles axillary, peduncled, pyramidal, some-

times longer than the leaves; the branches divaricate, the ultimate

branchlets racemose. Flowers not crowded, about 25 in., in diam., on

bracteolate pedicels about as long as themselves. Calyx cupular, fleshy,

glabrous, with 5 (rarely 4) shallow broad teeth. Petals 5, (rarely 4),

inserted below the disc, longer than the calyx, fleshy, broadly ovate,

with a slight vertical central ridge on the anterior surface. Disc

fleshy, shortly cylindric, with 10 shallow quadrate teeth. Stamens 5;

the filaments fleshy below, slender above, inserted on the inner sur-

face of the disc. Anthers large, ovate, sub-cordate at the base, the apex

with a short stout incurved appendage. Ovary conical, short, thick,

free from the disc, 3-celled. Stigma sessile, large, capitate-cylindric.

Fruit unknown.

Perak: Scortechini, No. 2042. Penang, Ourtis, No. 1576.

This has been gathered in Penang by Mr. Curtis, who describes

it as a tree about 40 feet high. The late Father Scortechini, who

gathered it once in Perak, and who referred it doubtfully to Lophopeta-

lum reflecum Laws., describes it as a tree 70 to 80 feet high. Its fruit ig

still unknown.

3. Koxoona coriacea, Kingn. sp. A tree 30 to 50 feet high;

young branches cinereous when dry. Leaves coriaceous, broadly

ovate to ovate-oblong, sub-acute, the base cuneate, the edge when dry

slightly recurved ; upper surface dark when dry, the lower cinereous;

main nerves 6 or 7 pairs, curved, erecto-patent, rather faint on both

surfaces ; length 4:5 to 5 in., breadth 2 to 3 in., petiole ‘5 to °6 in,

Panicles axillary, pedunculate, from half as long to as long as the leaves,

the branches divaricate, racemose, few-flowered. Flowers ‘3 in. in diam.,

on bracteolate pedicels shorter than themselves. Calyx cupular, thick,

with 5 short shallow broad teeth. Petals 5, attached outside the short

dise, longer than the calyx, thick, broadly ovate, with a vertical ridge

in the middle. Stamens 5; the filaments subulate, inserted on the inner

vertical surface of the cupular fleshy obscurely 5-lobed corrugated disc ;

anthers large, cordate, with a long apical appendage. Ovary ovoid,

glabrous, inserted in the fundus of the flower and separate from the disc,

3-celled : stigma sessile, cylindric-capitate. Fruit unknown.

Perak: King’s Collector, No. 4226.

348 G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

5. Lopyoretatum, Wight.

Trees or shrubs, usually glabrous. Leaves opposite or alternate,

petioled, exstipulate. Sepals 5, rounded, short, spreading. Petals 5, con-

tinuous with the disc, persistent, the upper surface cristate or lamellate,

or covered with fleshy villi, ornaked. Stamens 5, inserted on the dise far

from its edge; anthers oblong. Disc large, flat, entire or lobed.

Ovary small, immersed in the disc and continuous with it, trigonal or

pyramidal, 3-4-celled, contracted into a short style, stigma capitate ;

ovules 4 or more in each cell, in 2 series. Capsule coriaceous, 3-4-

angled, 3-4-celled, loculicidal. Seeds winged, albumen fleshy.—Disreis.

Species 15; Indian and Malayan.

Leaves very thickly coriaceous; flowers ‘75 in.

in diam., cymes longer than the leaves ow» Ll. DL. pachyphyllum.

Leaves thinly coriaceous.

Flowers ‘5 in. in diam. cee .. 2. L. fimbriatum.

Flowers °25 to ‘3 in. in diam.

Leaves more or less obovate w. oO L. subobovatum.

Leaves not obovate.

Disc without fleshy hair-like processes .

Sepals bluntly ovate ... we 4 DL. Scortechinit.

Sepals deltoid-rotund .. L. oblongum.

Disc with numerous loci hair- Te

processes over its whole surface.

Leaves 2°5 to 3 in. long; petals

rotund-deltoid, the upper surface

with numerous fleshy processes ... 6. L. pallidum.

Leaves 4:5 to 6 in. long; petals

ovate-elliptic, with a broad-based

acuminate fleshy process on the

upper surface 7. LL. oblongifolium.

Disc with fleshy asa only a

the edges of the pits in which the

filaments are inserted 8. I. Curtisti.

Flowers only about ‘1 in. in diam. » 9&< LL. reflecum.

Imperfectly known species 500 Sd LL. fuscescens.

1. LoPHOPETALUM PACHYPHYLLUM, n.sp. Kine. A tree 80 to 100

feet high; young branches slender, terete, dark-coloured when dry.

Leaves thickly coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, sub-acute, entire, the base

narrowed ; upper surface pale when dry ; the lower cinereous, thickly

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 349

covered with very minute papillae ; main nerves 7 or 8 pairs, ascending,

curved; length 4 to 5°5 in., breadth 1°6 to 2°75 in., petiole °5 to °75 in.

Cymes paniculate, axillary or terminal, bracteolate, 3 or 4 in, in diam.,

on peduncles 2 to 3 in. long. Flowers ‘7#in. in diam.; their pedicels

slender, bracteolate, about 5 in. long. Calya and disc rotund, scarcely

lobed. Petals attached*to the edge of the disc, rotund with truncate

bases, thick, not fimbriate. Disc fleshy, slightly convex, the slender

filaments rising far from its edge; anthers ovate. Ovary expanded

below, 3-angled above, glabrous. Fruit unknown.

Malacca: Maingay (Kew Distrib.) No. 403. Perak: King’s

Collector No. 7325.

Fruit of this is unknown. The species is a very distinct one, at

once recognisable by its large flowers and very thick leaves. The

petals, according to Kunstler, are pale yellow with a dark patch at

the base.

2. LopxHopreTaLum FimpriatoM, Wight Ill. I. 178. A small tree:

young branches terete, dark-coloured when dry. Leaves thinly coria-

ceous, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, shortly cuspidate, entire, the base

rounded or slightly narrowed; upper surface olivaceous when dry, the

lower brown; main nerves 7 to 9 pairs, spreading, curving, slightly

prominent beneath; length 3 to 4°5 in., breadth 2 to 2°25 in., petiole

65 in. Cymes axillary or terminal, peduncled, paniculate; the

branches divaricate, many-flowered. Flowers ‘5 in. in diam., on pedicels

°25 in. long. Calyx-lobes very short. Petals rotund-obovate, much

larger than the sepals, with transverse fimbriate crests about the middle.

Stamens with long slender filaments, inserted on the middle of the

broad 5-lobed disc. Ovary depressed, tapering into the conical style.

Fruit 3-angled (ripe unknown). Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I. 615;

Kurz For. Flor. Burma, I. 255. DZ, ovatum, Presl. Botan. Bemerk. 32.

L. javanum. Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 1863, pt. i. 545. Huonymus

ovata, Wall. Cat. 4300.

Malacca: Griffith —Duisrris. Burma, Chittagong, Sylhet.

3. LopHOPETALUM SUB-OBOVATUM, n. sp., King. A tree; young bran-

ches cinereous when dry. Leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse, slightly cuspi-

date, entire, much narrowed to the base, the lower surface pale brown

when dry; main nerves about 6 pairs, spreading, faint ; length 2°5 to

A in., breadth 1:4 to 2in., petiole 85 to‘45in. Panicles axillary, pe-

dunculate, 2 to 3°5 in. file, and i to 2°5 in. in diam., branching from

near the base, the branches divaricating ; the Beanelilets cymose, few-

flowered. Flowers ‘3 in. in diam. eine spreading ; the teeth deltoid,

sub-acute. Petals 5, larger than the calyx, broadly-oblong, sub-

obtuse, corrugated on the upper two-thirds of the anterior surface and

J. um. 45

390 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. {No. 3,

crested. Disc thick, fleshy, entire, pitted. Stamens 5; the filaments

subulate, their bases in small inappendiculate pits ; anthers small, ovate.

Ovary sunk in the disc, conical; stigma minute. Fruit unknown.

Penang: on Government Hill, Curtis, No. 1501.

4. LOoPHOPETALUM ScorTecHINu, n. sp. King. A tree 60 to 80 feet

high: young branches slender, terete, dark-coloured when dry. Leaves

coriaceous, broadly elliptic or ovate, sometimes obovate; the apex obtuse

sub-acute or very shortly cuspidate, the base narrowed; main nerves

about 5 pairs, spreading or ascending, faint; length 3°5 to 45 in.,

breadth 1°75 to 2°25 in., petioles ‘4 to 5in. Panicles cymose, axillary,

shorter than the leaves, the flowers rather crowded towards the end

of the short divaricating compressed branches. Flowers ‘25 in. in diam.

Sepals 5, bluntly ovate, spreading. Petals 5, deltoid-rotund, spreading,

flat with undulate edges, attached to the edges of the broad thin 5-

angled fleshy disc. Anthers 5, sub-sessile, ovate-orbicular; ovary much

depressed, sunk in the disc with only the capitate stigma protruding,

4. or 5-celled. Fruit (mature not seen) elongate, glabrous, 3-wiuged,

3-celled, the calyx persistent at its base; seeds flat, winged at both ends.

Euonymus mammillaris, Scortechini MSS.

Perak: Scortechini, No. 1941; King’s Collector, No. 6676.

5. LOPHOPETALUM OBLONGUM, n. sp. King. A tree 50 feet high:

young branches striate, dark-coloured when dry. Leaves coriaceous,

oblong or elliptic-oblong, acute, entire, the base cuneate; main nerves

7 or 8 pairs, curved, spreading; length 3:5 to 45 in., breadth 1°5 to

18 in., petiole -4 to 5 in. Panicles axillary, rather shorter than the

leaves, 2°5 to 3°5 in. in diam., the branches divaricate ; the branchlets

cymose, many-flowered. Flowers -3 in. in diam.; their pedicels “1 in

length, Sepals 5, deltoid-rotund, thick, spreading. Petals 5, thinner and

longer than the sepals, each with an elongate sub-fimbriate crest on the

anterior surface. Stamens 5, inserted far from the edge of the thick

fleshy slightly 5-angled disc: anthers ovate, filaments short. Ovary

sunk in the disc, tapering into the rather thin style, stigma minute.

Fruit woody, 3-winged, 5 in. long and nearly 1:5 in. broad. Seeds flat,

2°5 in. long (including the wings.)

Penang: near the waterfall, Curtis, No. 2736.

6. LOPHOPETALUM PALLIDUM, Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I. 615.

A glabrous tree; young shoots slender, dark-coloured when dry.

Leaves thinly coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, sub-acute, entire, the base

rounded, both surfaces pale when dry; main nerves 8 to 10 pairs,

spreading, faint ; length 2°5 to 3 in., breadth 1:1 to 1:3 in., petiole -3

to ‘4in. Cymes ‘5 to ‘75 in. long, axillary, 6- to 8-flowered, the peduncle

and branches 4-angled. Flowers ‘25 in. in diam. ; calyx and disc rotund,

not lobed. Petals rotund-deltoid, fleshy, attached to the edge of the

1896.] G. Kinge—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 351

disc, incurved, with a number of fleshy lobular processes on their

upper surface. Isc fleshy, almost flat, with many thick fleshy hair-

like processes shorter than the filaments. Avnthers 5, ovate ; the filaments

longer than the anthers, inserted in pits on the disc. Ovary broadly

conical. Fruit unknown.

Malacca: (Kew Distrib.) No. 398.

Known only by Maingay’s scanty specimens, not one of which is

in fruit.

7. LOPHOPETALUM OBLONGIFOLIUM, King n.sp. A tree 80 to 100 feet

high : young branches glabrous, terete, dark-coloured when dry. Leaves

opposite, coriaceous, oblong or elliptic-oblong, shortly and rather bluntly

acuminate, entire, the base cuneate, both surfaces glabrous ; main nerves

8 or 9 pairs, spreading, slightly curved; length 45 to 6 in., breadth

175 to 2:25 in., petiole ‘5 to ‘65 in. Panzcles axillary and terminal,

about half as long as the leaves, minutely bracteolate, glabrous; the

branches spreading, the ultimate branchlets cymose. Flowers °25 in. in

diam., their pedicels about as long as themselves. Calyz flat, corrugated

externally, the edge with 5 broad sub-reniform short teeth closely

applied to the corolla. Petals 5, continuous with the margin of the

disc, much larger than the calyx-lobes, ovate-elliptic, the edges slightly

laciniate or entire, the upper surface with a broad-based pointed fleshy

appendage and some hairs. Disc flat, broad, obscurely 5-angled, covered

with very short coarse bristle-like hairs. Stamens 5, inserted on the disc,

filaments short : anthers ovate, 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary

conical, sunk in the disc, 3-celled; style short, thick; stigma small.

Fruit unknown. LHuonymus adenophorus, Scort. MSS. in Herb. Calc.

Perak: Scortechini, No. 1943.

8. LopHopetatum Curtisi, n. sp. King. A mediumesized tree:

young branches very slender, dark-coloured when dry. Leaves coriaceous,

broadly ovate, cuspidate, entire, the base cuneate; upper surface when

dry at first glaucous, afterwards dark-coloured, the lower always pale

and very minutely dotted, both glabrous; main nerves about 6 pairs,

curving, faint; length 2 to 2:5 in., breadth 1 to 1°5 in.; petiole °5 or ‘6 in.,

slender. Cymes axillary or terminal, about 1 to 1°35 in. long; the

branches divaricating, 10- to 20-flowered. Flowers *3 in. in diam., as in

L. pallidum but the hair-like processes on the disc confined to the

edges of the pits in which the bases of the filaments are inserted.

Penang on Government Hill; Curtis No. 1577.

A species with flowers like L. pallidum, but with leaves of thicker

texture, broader, and with longer petioles. The cymes also are larger

and the disc is devoid of processes, except round the edges of the pits

from which the filaments spring.

352 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (No. 3,

9. LOPHOPETALUM REFLEXUM, Laws. in Hook. fil. FJ, Br. Ind. L

616. A tree 40 to 50 feet high, young branches darkly: cinereous when

dry. Leaves coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, the edges un-

dulate; the base slightly cuneate, rarely rounded ; main nerves 4 or 5

pairs, very faint; length 2:25 to 3°25 in., breadth 1 to 12 in., petiole

°25 to 3in, Panicles longer than the leaves, pedunculate; the branches

divaricate, cymose, many-flowered, bracteolate, sparsely and minutely

rufous-pubescent. Flowers ‘1 in. in diam., their pedicels twice as long

or more., Sepals 5, thick, fleshy, rotund-deltoid, spreading. Petals 5,

thinner and larger than the sepals, rotund-ovate, inserted on the edge

of the orbicular entire fleshy disc. Anthers 5, almost sessile on the

disc far from its edge, broadly ovate. Ovary broadly conical, sunk

in the dise, 3-celled, tapering into the short style, stigma minute. Fruit

unknown.

Malacca: Maingay (Kew Distrib.) No. 393/2. Penang: Curtis,

No. 1502.

Imperfectly known species.

LOPHOPETALUM FUSCESCENS, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. for 1875,

pt. 2, p. 202. A glabrous tree. Leaves coriaceous, oblong, shortly acu-

minate, entire, rounded at the base, the lower surfaces of the leaves

ferrugineous when dry: main nerves 16 to 18 pairs, prominent on the

lower surface; length 4 to 8 in., breadth 2°5 to 3 in., petiole ‘8 to 1:25

in. Panicles axillary and terminal, shorter than the leaves, pedun-

culate; the branches spreading, cymose, puberulous, minutely bracteo-

late. Flowers probably about ‘2 in. in diam., their pedicels stout and

longer than themselves. Calyzx-lobes short, broad, rounded. Petals ovate,

rather obtuse, coriaceous with broad membranous margins, induplicate

in bud, glabrous, each with an elongated trigonous corrugated process

on its upper surface, Disc indistinctly 5-lobed, rugulose when dry.

Stamens 5, with rather long filaments. Fruit unknown.

Singapore; T’. Anderson.

The description of the flowers of this species is taken from Kurz

(J. c.). The only specimens which I have seen are two collected by the

late Dr. T. Anderson at Singapore and named by Kurz himself, and the

flowers on these are too imperfect for examination. These specimens

have quite the facies of a Lophopetalum allied to L. oblongifolium.

6. Crxastrus, Linn.

Scandent shrubs. Leaves alternate, petioled ; stipules minute and

deciduous, or 0. Flowers polygamous or hermaphrodite, in terminal or

axillary panicles or racemes. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, spreading. Disc

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 353

broad, concave. Stamens 5, inserted on the margin of the disc. Ovary

not immersed in the disc, 2—4-celled ; style short; stigma 3-lobed, rarely

3-fid with the segments recurved ; ovules 2 in each cell, erect. Capsule

globose or obovoid, 1-3-celled, 1-6-seeded. Seeds enveloped in a fleshy

aril, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons foliaceous.—Disrris. Species about

20 ; natives of tropical Asia, China, Japan, Australia and North America.

Cexastrus Cuampioni, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. for 1851, p. 334.

A climber 40 to 50 feet long: branches slender, smooth, black when dry.

Leaves coriaceous, elliptic, elliptic-oblong or ovate, acute -or shortly

acuminate, the base rounded or sub-cuneate, the edges minutely serrate

or sub-entire, both surfaces glabrous; main nerves 5 or 6 pairs, slightly

prominent on the lower surface ; length 3°5 to 4°5 in., breadth 1°8 to 2°5

in., petiole *5 in. Racemes several from one axil, usually shorter than the

leaves. Fruits on pedicels as long as themselves, dehiscing, 3-valved :

the dehisced valves broadly ovoid, black externally, pale within, about

‘5 in. long, one-seeded. Benth. Flora Hongkongensis, 64. Catha Ben-

thamt, Gardn. and Champ. in Hook. Journ. Bot. for 1851, 310.

Perak: Wray Nos. 175, 1031, L096: King’s Collector No. 6928 and

6982 ; Scortechini No. 1428; Ridley No. 5237.

7. Gymnosporia, W. & A.

Shrubs or small trees, branches often spinescent. Leaves alternate,

exstipulate. Flowers in small dichotomous cymes. Calyx 4-5-cleft.

Petals 4-5, spreading. Stamens 4-5, inserted underneath the disc.

Disc broad, sinuate or lobed. Ovary attached by a broad base, or im-

mersed in the disc, 2—3-celled ; style short, 2-3-lobed ; ovules 2 in each

cell. Capsule obovoid or nearly globose. Seeds 1-2 in each cell; aril

completely or partially covering the seed, or 0, albumen fleshy ; cotyle-

dons foliaceous.—Distris. Species 60; natives of the hotter parts of the

whole world.

Gymnosporia Courtisu, King n. sp. A scandent shrub; young

branches rather stout, cinereous, glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, ovate-

elliptic, sub-acute, the edges with distant shallow crenations, the base

rather suddenly narrowed to the petiole; both surfaces glabrous, the

lower slightly paler when dry ; main nerves about 10 to 15 pairs, often

forking below the middle, faint; length 4 to 6 in., breadth 2:25 to 3

in., petiole -4 to ‘5 in. Cymes about ’5 to ‘7 in. long, few-flowered,

fasciculate, often collected at the apex of extra-axillary naked branches

15 to 2 in. long. Flowers ‘15 in. in diam.; their pedicels two or three

times as long, glabrous. Sepals 5, semi-orbicular, the edges with a few

short thick cilia. Petals 5, oblong, obtuse, much longer than the sepals.

Stamens 5, shorter than the petals, the filaments inserted below the

354 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

disc, flat, incurved ; anthers small, sub-orbicular. Disc a wide fleshy

cup with thick entire edge. Ovary ovoid, obscurely 3-angled, seated

on and confluent with but not immersed in the disc, 3-celled. Style

short, clavate. Fruit broadly ovoid, almost globular, 3-angled; the

pericarp coriaceous, dark-coloured ‘externally, 3-valved, the dehisced

valves almost square. Seeds 1 or often 2 in each cell.

Kedah: Curtis No. 2500.

Known only by Curtis’s specimens. Inasmuch as (1) the stamens

are inserted below and not on the margin of the disc, (2) the ovary

is inserted on and confluent at its base with the disc, and (3) the in-

florescence is cymose and not racemose or paniculate, this is a Gymno-

sporia rather than a Celastrus. The scandent habit, however, is that of

Celastrus. It appears to me a little doubtful whether these two genera

_ ought to be kept distinct. The species of both are in want of careful

revision.

8. Kourrimta, Wall.

Trees, usually glabrous, young branches tipped with the deciduous

stipules. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate, towards the ends of the

branches, coriaceous, entire, shining, penninerved, petiole slender.

Flowers in panicles or racemes. Calyx 5-fid, spreading. Petals 5, in-

serted under the margin of the disc, spreading or reeurved. Stamens

5, inserted with the petals. Disc fleshy, sub-entire or 5-lobed. Ovary

free, glabrous or puberulous at the base, crowned at the top with a tuft

of hairs; styles 2, filiform; stigmas small, capitate; ovules 2 in

each cell, erect. Capsule entire or 2-lobed, 1-2-celled, dehiscing by

2 valves, 1-2-seeded. Seeds erect, completely or partially covered by a

fleshy aril; albumen abundant, fleshy, cotyledons linear-oblong.—

Distris. India, Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula and Archipelago: species

3 or 4.

Flowers in racemes, glabrous, disc sub-entire,

fruit not bifid 366 ae .. 1. K. pulcherrima.

Flowers in panicles, puberulous, disc deeply

5-lobed, fruit bifid ne ae .. 2. K. paniculata.

1. Kurrimra putcHerrimA, Wall. Cat. 4334. <A tree 40 to 70 feet

high ; young branches glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, oblong or elliptic-

oblong, acuminate, entire, the base rounded; both surfaces glabrous,

the upper shining, the lower dull and pale when dry; main nerves

about 12 pairs, curved, ascending, prominent on the lower surface;

length 6 to 8 in., breadth 1°75 to 3°25 in., petiole 8 to 1 in., narrow and

spike-like. Racemes several from an axil, shorter than the leaves,

glabrous. Flowers on pedicels shorter than themselves, ‘15 in. in diam.,

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 355

glabrous. Sepals 5, free, elliptic, obtuse. Petals 5, elliptic-rotund,

obtuse, larger than the sepals. Stamens 5; anthers broadly ovate,

cordate, filaments flattened. Disc cupular, glabrous or nearly so, the

edges obscurely lobed. Capsule narrowly ellipsoid, with 2 vertical

grooves, much tapered to the apex, glabrous, 1 to 1°5 in. long, 1-celled, 1-

seeded. Seed °6 to ‘8 in. long, ellipsoid, brown, shining. Lawson in

Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I. 622. K. Maingayi, Laws. 1. c. K. robusta,

Kurz For. Flora Burma, I. 253. K. calophylla, Wall. Cat. 4335.

K. robusta, Kurz MSS. Rhesa Moja, Ham. MSS. ex Arn. in Ed. Phil.

Journ. xvi. 315; Walp. Rep. 1. 538. Celastrus robustus, Roxb. FI, Ind. i.

626. Nothocnestis sumatrana, Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. Suppl. i. 531.

Malacca: Griffith, No. 1994 (Kew Distrib.). Singapore; Maingay,

Kew Distrib. No. 394. Andamans, King’s Collectors. Distrrin. Burma,

Chittagong, Khasia Hills, Assam and Sikhim, Sumatra.

I cannot discover any mark to separate K, Maingayi, Laws. from

typical K. pulcherrima, Wall, and I have therefore reduced that species

here. This is a much rarer tree in the Malayan Peninsula than the

next which is very common.

2. Kurriia panicuLatTa, Wall. Cat. 4336. <A tree 30 to 60 feet

high ; young shoots glabrous. Leaves coriaceous; leaves as in the last

but often slightly narrowed to the base, and sometimes with as many as

24 pairs of nerves; petioles varying from 1 to 2°25 in. and occasionally

even 3 in. in length. Panicles shorter than the leaves, the branches sparse

and spike-like, puberulous. Flowers ‘15 in. in diam., on pedicels about

as long as themselves. Sepals 5, spreading, ovate, obtuse, puberulous.

Petals 5, much larger than the sepals, broadly ovate, sub-acute, puberu-

lous, especially on the inner surface. Stamens 5, rather shorter than

the petals, inserted between the deep quadrate lobes of the disc; the

filaments flattened, puberulous; the anthers short, broadly ovate. Ovary

sub-rotund, pubescent towards the narrowed apex. Fruit ‘65 in. long,

more or less deeply bifid, each half 1- or sometimes 2-seeded; the

pericarp leathery, nearly black externally and glabrous. Seeds oblong,

often plano-convex, with dark shiny testa, ‘3 in. long. Lawson in Hook.

fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I. 622. Rhesa paniculata, Arn. in Ed. Phil. Journ. xvi.

315; Walp. Rep. i. 538. Trochisandra indica, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 120;

Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. lxvii. Pyrospermum calophyllum, Miq. Fl. Ind.

Bat. Suppl. 1. 402,

Tn all the provinces except the Nicobar and Andaman islands. A

much commoner tree than the last. Disrris. Sumatra,

There is considerable variety in the length of the petiole in this

species, but I cannot discover that differences in its length are associated

with differences in any other organ.

356 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

9. Etmopenpron, Jacq. f.

Small trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite or subopposite, crenate or

entire. Flowers in axillary branching cymes, often polygamous. Calyx

4- or 5-cleft. Petals 4 or 5, spreading. Disc cupular. Stamens 4 or 5;

anthers nearly globose. Ovary continuous with the disc, conical, rarely

2-4. or 5-celled, style very short, ovules 2 in each cell. Hrwit succu-

lent or dry, 1-2-celled, indehiscent; cells 1- rarely 2-seeded. Seed

without an aril, albuminous.—Distris. About 40 species, natives of

South Africa, Tropical Asia, America and Australia.

ELZODENDRON SUB-ROTUNDUM, King n. sp. A tree 20 feet high:

young branches sub-compressed, glabrous, dark-coloured when dry.

Leaves broadly ovate or sub-rotund, obtuse or sub-cuspidate, the edges

entire and slightly revolute, the base slightly narrowed or rounded; both

surfaces glabrous, dull, the upper pale, the lower brown when dry:

main nerves 6 or 7 pairs, spreading obliquely, little curved: length 2 to

25 in., breadth 1:2 tol-8in.; petiole ‘3 to°5 in., slender. Cymes axillary

and terminal, umbellate on a common peduncle, 1°5 to 2°5 in. long,

15 to Zin. in diam., much-branched, many-flowered. Flowers numerous,

nearly ‘2 in. in diam., their pedicels longer than themselves. Calyz

short, cupular, deeply divided into 4 or 5 rotund concave lobes. Petals

4 or 5, broadly oblong, blunt, spreading, glabrous, sparsely scaly outside.

Disc short, cupular, thin, wavy, not lobed. Stamens 4 or 5, inserted on the

outer surface of the disc; the filaments nearly as long as the pistil,

slender ; anthers ovate, basifixed. Ovary ovoid, tapering, surrounded at

the base, but not confluent with, the thin disc, 2-celled; style short,

stigma small. Frwt (immature) °5 in. long, oblong-clavate, dark-

coloured, glabrous, crowned by the persistent style, 1-celled (by abortion)

and 1-seeded.

Perak: King’s Collector No. 1166. Andamans; Kings’s Collector.

Johore; King, Pahang; Ridley No. 1001 a.

This differs from F. glaucum, Pers, in having smaller flowers which

are always 4-merous; in having a smooth (not lobed or corrugated)

disc; a much less tapering ovary; and entire leaves with fewer nerves.

10. Hrprocratsa, Linn.

Small trees or scandent shrubs. Leaves opposite, petioled ; stipules

small, caducous. Flowers small, white or greenish, disposed in axillary

cymes, more rarely in terminal cymose panicles. Calyx small, 5-parted

or of 5 free sepals. Petals 5, spreading, much larger than the calyx,

imbricate or valvate. Stamens 3, the filaments recurved and lying in

the grooves of the ovary ; anthers short, broad, often 1-celled and with

transverse dehiscence. Disc flat or cupular. Ovary surrounded by the

_—

1896.] G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 367

dise, 3-celled; style very-short or 0, stigmas 1-3; ovules 2-10 in each

cell, in 2 series, inserted on the inner angle. Frwit of 3 flattened carpels

connate at the base, usually dehiscent. Seeds compressed, usually

winged below, exalbuminous.— Distris. Species about 90, natives of the

tropics of both hemispheres.

Panicles and flowers ferrugineous-tomentose.

Flowers ‘2 in. long ... Be ... Ll. H. ferruginea.

Panicles and flowers glabrous, or at most

puberulous, never ferrugineous.

Flowers ‘3 in. or more in diam.

Petals glabrous on the upper surface ... 2. H. macrantha.

Petals densely glandular-villous on the

upper surface... Sa - 9 HH. Cumingi.

Flowers ‘15 in. in diam.

Leaves entire; petals broadly uP aie

obovate ie . 4 EH. Andamanica.

Leaves remotely ana rather tantly ser-

rate; petals orbicular 5. H. Nicobarica.

Flowers ‘05 in. in diam. alate cose ROSELL ana ticus

Doubtful species... 200 600 H., Maingayi.

1. HrppocRATEA FERRUGINEA, King n. sp. Aclimber; young shoots

slender, glabrous, the older cinereous. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic-oblong,

sub-acute or shortly cuspidate, entire, the base rounded or sub-cuneate ;

‘both surfaces glabrous, shining, the reticulations rather distinct ; main

nerves about 5 pairs, curved, ascending; length 3:25 to 5:5 in., breadth

2 to 2°5 in., petiole °3 to ‘4 in. Panicles axillary, nearly as long as

the leaves, with large divaricating ferrugineous-pubescent pyramidal

branches. Flowers ‘2 in. long, on pedicels rather shorter than them-

selves. Sepals 5, rotund, concave, densely rusty-tomentose outside,

glabrous inside, Petals 5, several times longer than the sepals, oblong-

obovate, with long slender claws, conduplicate, rusty-tomentose outside,

glabrous inside, falcately curved so that the tips connive. vse large,

its lower edge thickened and wavy. Stamens 3, the filaments flattened,

broad, reflexed; the anthers sub-globular, 1-celled, with transverse

dehiscence. Ovary inserted on the disc, sub-globular, deeply 3-lobed.

Style cylindric, stigma minute. Fruit unknown.

Penang: Curtis, No. 175.

Known only by Mr. Curtis’s specimens.

2. Hippocratea MACRANTHA, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. 187, t. 39.

A climber; young branches slender, minutely lenticellate, glabrous.

Leaves coriaceous, elliptic, sometimes rotund-elliptic, rarely slightly

obovate, shortly and obtusely cuspidate, the edges with shallow cre-

J. 1, 46

358 G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

nations, the base cuneate or rounded, both surfaces glabrous; main

nerves 5 or 6 pairs, spreading, curving, prominent on the lower surface;

length 4 to 7 in., breadth 1°75 to 3:25 in., petiole ‘2 to ‘4 in. Panicles

axillary, cymose, pedunculate, much shorter than the leaves, puberulous,

minutely bracteolate. Flowers °3 in. in diam., on thin pedicels longer

than themselves. Calyz cupular, puberulous, with 5 broad shallow

obtuse teeth. Petals 5, much longer than the calyx, lanceolate, puber-

ulous on the lower, glabrous on the upper surface. Disc deep, fleshy, with

a broad ring of minute hairs on its upper half, deeply scooped out on

the upper surface to receive the small 3-celled ovary ; the 3 stamens

attached to the margin of the disc, their filaments flat and much re-

curved ; anthers small, rounded. Carpels usually 2, flat, oblong, obtuse,

sometimes obovate-oblong and emarginate at the apex, striate, 2°5 to 4

in. long. Seeds 2 to 3 in. long, the wing large and thinly membranous.

Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, pt. 2 p. 599: Kurz For. Flora Burma, I, 257. 4H.

lanceolata, Ham. Wall. Cat. 4214. H. grandiflora, Wall. Cat. 4215. H.

obtusifolia, Laws. (in part but not of Roxb.) in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I,

624.

South Andaman: King’s Collector. Perak: King’s Collector.

Wray: common. Distris. Burma, Chittagong, Assam, Sikhim, Terai.

Flowers of Chittagong and Assam specimens of this which I have

dissected agree perfectly with Korthal’s figure. Most of the specimens

from the other localities cited are in fruit oniy; but their leaves agree

so absolutely with the flowering specimens from Assam as to leave no

doubt that they are conspecific. Helfer’s No. 905 (Kew Distrib.), and

perhaps Griffith’s No. 911 from the Eastern Himalaya, belong to this.

H. Cumingii, Laws. resembles this both in flowers and leaves; but the

petals in that are glandular-hairy on the upper surface, while in this

the upper surface of the petals is quite glabrous.

3. Hippocratea Cumincil, Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 624.

Scandent ; young branches slender, brown when dry, glabrous. Leaves

coriaceous, broadly elliptic, acute or shortly and obtusely cuspidate, the

base rounded; both surfaces glabrous, the lower reticulate. Panicles

axillary, shorter than the leaves, dichotomously cymose, few-flowered.

Flowers ‘45 in. in diam., their pedicels longer than themselves. Calyx

cupular, covered with minute deciduous tomentum, the mouth with 5

shallow broad rather blunt lobes. Petals much longer than the calyx,

linear-oblong, sub-acute, densely glandular-villous on the upper surface,

minutely tomentose on the lower. Dvsc broad, with a belt of hairs. about

the middle. Frwt unknown.

Malacca: Griffith. Distrrs.— Philippines.

An imperfectly known species.

1896.] G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 359

4, HippocRaAThA ANDAMANICA, n. sp. King. A climber; young

branches slender, glabrous, pale-brown when dry. Leaves thinly coria-

ceous, oblong to elliptic, sub-acute or shortly and obtusely cuspidate,

entire, the base cuneate; both surfaces glabrous ; main nerves 5 to 7

pairs, ascending, curved, slightly prominent beneath ; length 4 to 5°5 in.,

breadth 1°8 to 2°75 in., petiole ‘4 to 6 in. Panicles often several

together, axillary or terminal, as long as or slightly longer than the

leaves, many-flowered, much-branched. Flowers *15 in. in diam., on

pedicels longer than themselves, buds globular. Oalyx of 5 broad

rotund spreading sepals, united at the base and irregularly dentate on the

edges. Petals 5, larger than the sepals, broadly oblong-obovate, obtuse,

glabrous, spreading. Disc broad, fleshy, hollowed out to accommodate

the small 3-partite ovary. Stamens 3, inserted on the inverted edge

of the disc; filaments short, broad, recurved ; anthers broad, 1-celled by

abortion, dehiscing transversely. Style short, stigma sub-capitate. Fruit

unknown.

South Andaman Island; King’s Collectors.

5. Hrprocratea Nicoparica, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. for

1875, pt. 2, p. 203. Scandent; young branches slender, dark-coloured,

with sparse minute pale warts. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic, shortly and

obtusely cuspidate, remotely and rather minutely serrate, the base

rounded; both surfaces glabrous, the upper shining, the lower dull and

paler; main nerves 7 to 10 pairs, spreading, faint; length 4°25 to 65

in., breadth 2°25 to 3:25 in., petiole °35 in. Panicles dichotomously

cymose, axillary, shorter than the leaves, about 2 in. in diam., minutely

bracteolate, many-flowered. Flowers nearly ‘15 in. in diam. Calyx

cupular, glabrous ; the lobes short, broad, blunt. Petals larger than the

calyx, orbicular, glabrous. Disc convex, its edge up-turned, glabrous,

obscurely 5-angled, almost concealing the ovary. Anthers small, sub-

sessile. Fruit unknown.

Nicobar Islands ; Kurz.

6. Hippocratea inpica, Willd. Sp. Pl. I, 193. A small glabrous

shrub or tree usually with climbing branches; young branches slender,

dark-coloured. Leaves thinly coriaceous, elliptic or elliptic-ovate,

sub-acute or bluntly cuspidate, the edges finely serrate; the base

more or less narrowed, rarely rounded; main nerves about 5 pairs,

inconspicuous; length 2°5 to 3°5 in., breadth 1:4 to 18 in., petiole “3 in.

Punicles umbellately cymose, much-branched, peduncled, spreading,

axillary or terminal, usually shorter than the leaves but sometimes much

longer, l to 3in. in diam. Flowers ‘05 in. in diam. Calyz-lobes broadly

triangular, the edges hairy. Petals longer than the calyx, sub-erect,

oblong, obtuse, concave. Anthers small, sub-orbicular. Ovary broadly

360 G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

ovoid, glabrous, 3-grooved ; stigma sub-sessile, capitate. Carpels usu-

ally 2, oblong, blunt, flat, vertically striate, 2 in. long, each with two long

winged seeds. DC. Prodr.i. 568; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 165; Cor. Pl. ii.

t. 130; W. & A. Prodr. 104: Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 32; Thwaites

Enum. 52; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 368; Brand. For. Fl. 83; Mig. Fl.

Ind. Bat. Vol. I, pt. 2, 599; Lawson in Hook fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 624:

Kurz For. Flora Burma, I, 256. 4H. barbata, Mull. Phil. Trans. Inst.

Vict. III, 23. H. disperma, Vahl. Enum. II, 28: Wall. Cat. 4210 (in

part.). H. euonymoides, Vahl, Enum. II, 98. H. obtusifolia, Wall.

(not of Roxb.) Cat. 4211 A and B. 4. tortuosa, Wall. Cat. 4126 (in

part). Tonsella disperma, Poir. Celastrinea ? Wall. Cat. 9013.

Malacca: Griffith, Maingay (Kew Distrib.) No. 396. Singapore;

Hullett. Distris.—Sumatra, Java, British India, Ceylon.

There has been considerable confusion about the Indian species of

the genus Hippocratea. The confusion originated to some extent with

Wallich who issued, under the name H. obtusifolia, Roxb. and the

number 4211, a plant which is really H. indica, Willd. In Mr.

Lawson’s account of H. obtusifolia Roxb. in Hooker’s Flora of British

India (1, 623) the following six are reduced to that species, viz.,

H. barbata, Mull.; H. rigida, Spanoghe; Salacia laevigata, Wight:

Hippocratia ? grandiflora, Wall. Cat. 4213; H. volubilis, Heyne in Wall.

Cat. 4215, and A. tortwosa, Wall. Cat. 4216. Besides Roxburgh’s

description of H. obtusifolia, in FI. Ind. I, 166, there is hisoriginal

coloured figure in the Calcutta Herbarium to guide us as to what plant

the author really meant to describe under this name. Moreover,

so recently as 1883, there have been collected by Mr. J. 8. Gamble at

Chengalapalam (in the Nellore district of the Madras Presidency) spe-

cimens (Herb. Gamb. No. 12216) of a plant which agree absolutely

with Roxburgh’s description and figure. These specimens have the

short panicles and obtuse emarginate fruits of Roxburgh’s figure. Of the

six species mentioned by Mr. Lawson, H. barbata, Mull. alone should in

my opinion be reduced here, Muller’s specimen of it exactly resembling

Roxburgh’s figure in Herb. Calcutta. Salacia laevigata, Wight (of

which there is a coloured figure in Hooker’s Bot. Misc. III, 295, Suppl.

t. XXXVI) in my opinion more nearly resembles H. Grahamii Wight

(ul. I, 184 and Ic. 380) than H. obtus:fola, Roxb. I have seen no

specimen of H. rigida, Spanoghe, but Miquel’s description of it (Fl. Ind.

Bat. I, pt. 2, 600) does not agree either with Roxburgh’s description

or with his figure of H. obtusifolia. Of the three Wallichian species,

H. grandiflora (Cat. No. 4213) is a perfectly distinct good species which

has been described and figured by Korthals (Verh. Nat. Gesch.

p. 187 t. 39) as H. macrantha. H. volubilis (Cat. No. 4215) consists of two

1896.] G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 361-

things, viz., H. obtusifolia Roxb. and H. Grahamiu, Wight; while H. tor-

tuosa, Cat. No. 4216, is a mixture of H. obtusifolia, Roxb. and of

H. indica, Willd. To H. Grahamii, Wight, Mr. Lawson (1. c. p. 624)

has reduced the plant issued by Wallich as his No. 4214, under the name

H. lanceolata, Ham. But in my opinion this reduction is wrong. Under

H. Arnottiana, Wight, Mr. Lawson proposes to include Salacia terminalis,

Thwaites, which is a tree with cymose panicles on long peduncles much

longer than the leaves.

Doubtful Species.

Hirrocratea Marncayi, Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 625.

Branches terete. Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate, glabrous, 3 in. long by

°75 in. broad. Cymes 3-flowered, racemose. Carpels triquetrous, woody,

4 to 5in. long. Seeds oblong, 3°5 to 4°5 in. long.

Malacca: Maingay, (Kew Distrib.) No. 397. Disrris. ? Borneo.

Known only by Maingay’s imperfect descriptions. (The above des-

cription is copied from Lawson I. c.)

11. Sacacta, Linn.

Scandent or sarmentose shrubs or small trees. Leaves opposite,

rarely alternate, petiolate, exstipulate. Flowers few or many, clustered

in the axils of the leaves or extra-axillary, more rarely in cymes. Calyx

small, 5-parted. Petals 5,imbricate. Stamens 3, rarely 2 or 4, continuous

with the disc, recurved. Ovary conical, immersed in the disc, 3-celled ;

style very short, stigma simple or 3-lobed; ovules 2-8 in each cell,

in 1-2 series, inserted on the inner angle. Fruit baccate, 1-3-celled,

sub-woody or fleshy. Seeds large, angular.—DistTR1B, Species about

130; natives of the tropics of both hemispheres,

Leaves alternate oon se ou0 o» IL. &. viminea.

Leaves opposite.

Flowers solitary or in pairs from the leaf-axils, not on

tubercles ... nC coc ocd .. 24 8S. Maingayi.

Flowers in pedunculate axillary cymes.

Flowers campanuloid; the petals erect in their

lower half, spreading in the upper oo . o XS. campanuloidea.

Petals spreading from the base.

Leaves serrate-crenate .. 900 .. 4 8S. Grifthis.

Leaves entire we «. O. S. Perakensis.

Flowers from short axillary tubercles.

Flowers °35 to °45 in. in diam.

Leaves 6 to 12 in. long.

axillary tubercles each bearing 10 or 12

flowers... SP aa se .. 6. 8. Scortechinii.

axillary tubercles bearing only 3 to 6

flowers... one 600 «» 7. 8S. grandiflora

var. longifolia,

362 G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

Leaves not more than 6 in. long.

Main nerves of leaves 7 to 9 pairs 7. 8. grandiflora,

Main herves of leaves 4 to 6 pairs 8. S. latifolia.

Flowers °25 in. in diam.

Petals broadly cordate, obtuse, often clawed at the

base ; flower pedicels ‘25 to °35 in. long . 9. 8S. prinoides.

Petals broadly ee flower pedicels °5 to 65 i in.

long .. ie i .- 10. 8. polyantha.

Flowers ‘1 Ape 15 in. in diam.

Leaves broadly elliptic, cuspidate; petals sub-erect,

oblong 006 ae . ll. 8. Wrayt.

Leaves oblong- Tanceolate: 3 petals orbicular, pirend

ing . . 12. 8. Kunstleri.

eaten Bhionent or fe ila, Yebiond: aneh reHeHte

and yellowish when dry.

Leaves sub-acute; flowers ‘15 in. in diam., the

disc convex.. Con - 13. 8S. flavescens.

Leaves anne ; flowers ‘1 in. in Ween ae

saucer-like . oon 600 .. 14, 8. Lawsont.

Imperfectly known sieciee

S. Lobbii.

S. rubra.

1. Satacta viminea, Wall. Cat.. 7267. .A glabrous scandent

shrub. Leaves membranous, usually alternate, lanceolate, shortly and

bluntly acuminate, entire, the base cuneate ; main nerves 5 to 7 pairs,

oblique, faint; length 2°5 to 4in., breadth -8 to 1°5 in., petiole -2 to

°3 in. Flowers ‘15 in. in diam., on thin pedicels ‘3 in. long, usually

solitary or in groups of 2 or 3 (rarely in cymes), from minute bracteo-

late tubercles, axillary or extra-axillary. Calyx cupular, flat, with 5

triangular concave lobes. Petals 5, rotund or ovate, thin, larger than

the calyx-lobes. Disc very convex, fleshy, glabrous, with a pale zone

at the base. Stamens 3; the filaments very broad, flat, triangular,

erect ; anthers transversely oblong, dehiscing by 2 transverse 2-celled

apical slits. Ovary sunk in the disc, 3-angled, conical; stigma small.

Fruit (young) sub-globular, glabrous. Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. Iv

627. 8. alternifolia Scort. MSS. in Herb. Cale.

Penang; Wallich. Perak; King’s Collector No. 874; Scortechini,

No. 1811.

The alternate leaves are the best mark of the plants thus named.

I think it however possible that two species are included under these

alternate-leaved specimens. Those with flowers in short cymes may

belong to a different plant from those with flowers solitary or on tuber-

cles. The material is not good; and, in the absence of complete flower-

ing and fruiting specimens, it is difficult .to differentiate species of

Salacia when the leaves present no good head marks, as the structure

of the flowers is very much alike in many species.

1896.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 363

2. Satacta Matneayi, Laws. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 626. A

_ Seandent shrub 6 to I5 feet long; branches rather slender, terete, pale-

brown when dry and with minute warts, Leaves coriaceous, ovate, ellip-

tic or oblong-elliptic, shortly cuspidate, entire, the base rounded; both

surfaces glabrous, shining; main nerves 5 to 7 pairs, slightly prominent

on the lower ; length 2°5 to 4°5 in., breadth 1:25 to 2°25 in., petiole -25 to

' *3in. Flowers solitary or in pairs, axillary, not on tubercles, °45 in. in

diam., their pedicels stout, about ‘3 in. long. Calyx fleshy, cupular, with

5 short reniform spreading lobes. Petals 5, much larger than the calyx,

oblong or oblong-obovate, sub-rotund, obtuse, rather fleshy, concave,

glabrous, spreading. Disc very deep, fleshy, glabrous. Stamens 3, at-

tached to the upper part of the disc; the filaments short, flattened,

triangular, recurved and closely applied to the disc ; anthers transversely

oblong, dehiscing transversely. Ovary conical, 3-angled, sunk in the

disc at the base and confluent with it, 3-celled. Style none, stigma

with 3 radiating lobes. Fruit unknown.

Malacca; Maingay. Perak; King’s Collector Nos. 6639 and

7471.

This resembles S. grandiflora, Kurz, but the flowers are solitary or

in pairs from the axils of the leaves, and they are not inserted on tuber-

cles; the petals are also oblong or oblong-obovate. Moreover this is

scandent, while S. grandiflora is an erect shrub.

3. SALACIA CAMPANULOIDEA, King, n. sp. A glabrous creeper

50 feet long; young branches 4-angled, slender, pale when dry. Leaves

thinly coriaceous, ovate or elliptic-oblong, widest above the middle, the

apex obtuse and shortly cuspidate; the edges pale thickened and wavy,

erenulate in the lower, remotely serrulate in the upper half, slightly

narrowed in the lower third to the base; both surfaces (but especially

the lower) pale and often purplish when dry ; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs,

spreading, faint; length 3 to 4°5 in., breadth 1°35 to 2 in., petiole °3 to

‘4in. Cymes short, axillary, few-flowered. lowers campanulate, *15 to

-2 in. in diam. at the mouth, their pedicels about as long as themselves

or longer, slender. OCymes solitary, axillary, not longer than the

petioles, pedicelled, with numerous bracteoles at the apex where the

pedicels are inserted. Calyx fleshy, spreading, deeply divided into 5

transversely oblong obtuse suberect lobes. Petals 5, fleshy, broadly

obovate-elliptic with broad bases, glaucous (especially externally) erect,

_ spreading at the apex so as to form a campanulate corolla. Disc

conical with truncate apex, fleshy, pale. Stamens 3, inserted near the

upper edge of the disc; the filaments flattened, as long as the ovary,

at first erect then recurved horizontally across the disc ; anthers large,

transversely oblong, 2-celled. Ovary conical, buried in the disc, style

364 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

rather long,’ stigma small. Fruit when ripe sub-globular or pyriform,

glabrous, 1:5 to 2 in. in diam., sometimes nearly 3 in. long, and of a

dark yellowish red colour.

Perak: King’s Collector, No. 2708, 3198, 4410, 5953, 6488 and

10747. Scortechini.

4, Satacta GrirritHi, Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl., Br. Ind. I, 628.

Leaves coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, shortly and bluntly acuminate, the

edges serrate-crenate, the base sub-cuneate ; both surfaces glabrous,

minutely reticulate; main nerves 5 to 7 pairs, ascending, curving;

length 4°5 to 5 in., breadth 2 in., petiole ‘°3 in. Cymes solitary,

axillary, on peduncles ‘6 to ‘75 in. long, divaricating, about 1 in.

in diam. Flowers less than 20, ‘1 in. long, on pedicels shorter than

themselves. Calyx puberulous, a shallow cup deeply divided into

5 rotund-ovate concave lobes. Petals 5, erect, much longer than

the calyx-lobes, thick, oblong, puberulous, the point slightly inflexed,

the apex apiculate. Disc very convex, fleshy, glabrous; stamens 3,

inserted on its upper edge; filaments erect, broad; anthers reniform.

Ovary buried in the disc. Fruit unknown.

Penang: Curtis No. 692.

. 6. Saracia Perakensis, King, n. sp. Scandent; young branches

dark-eoloured when dry, lenticellate. Leaves elliptic, shortly and blunt-

ly acuminate, entire, the base minutely cordate; both surfaces shining,

minutely reticulate ; main nerves 4 or 5 pairs, ascending, curving, faint,

length 2 to 2°75 in., breadth 1 to 1°35 in., petiole "2 in. Cymes axillary;

3 to ‘45 in. in diam., on peduncles °3 to °75 in. long, 5- to 8-flowered.

Flowers ‘15 in. long, on pedicels shorter than themselves. Calyx eupular,

shallow, fleshy, deeply divided into 5 rotund concave lobes. Petals 5,

erect, fleshy, oblong, concave, apiculate, puberulous, much longer than

the calyx. Disc thick, cylindric. Anthers 3, sessile on the convex apex

of the disc, large, transversely oblong, 2-celled. Ovary buried in the

dise, conical, stigma minute. Fruit unknown.

Perak: Scortechini, No. 1042.

6. Satacia ScorTecHinu, King, n. sp. <A tall robust elimber;

young branches rather stout, pale-brown when dry, lenticellate.

Leaves coriaceous, opposite, oblong or oblong-elliptic, sometimes slightly

‘obovate, sub-acute, the edges entire, the base usually narrowed but

sometimes rounded; both surfaces glabrous, the upper shining, the

lower dull, not reticulate; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, slightly prominent

beneath ; length 6 to 10 in., breadth 2°25 to 3°5 in.; petioles ‘6 to *75 in.,

stout. Flowers ‘35 in. in diam., glabrous, rather numerous (10 to 12)

on very short woody axillary tubercles, their pedicels °35 or ‘4 in. long.

Calyx cupular, divided to the base into 5 shallow broad sub-reniform

1896.] G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 365

lobes. Petals 5, much longer than the calyx, thick, spreading, orbicular.

Disc broad, convex, fleshy. Stamens 3, inserted near the apex of the

disc; the filaments’ broadly triangular, compressed; anthers small,

Ovary flat, buried in the disc, the short conical thick style protruding ;

ovules 3in each cell. Fruit unknown.

Perak : Scortechini, No. 1848.

This is known only by the late F. Scortechini’s scanty specimens.

it is a very distinct species.

7. SALACIA GRANDIFLORA, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng., 1872,

pt. 2, p. 300. A shrub or small tree; young branches rather slender,

their bark pale when dry. Leaves coriaceous, oblong-elliptic or elliptic,

shortly cuspidate, the edges entire, the base slightly narrowed or

rounded ; both surfaces glabrous, the upper very shining and reticulate ;

main nerves 7 to 9 pairs, ascending, curved, slightly prominent ; length

‘45 in. in diam., in groups of 3 to 6 from very short axillary or extra-

axillary bracteolate tubercles ; their pedicels ‘2 in. long. Calyx cupular,

deeply divided into 5 sub-orbicular fleshy segments. Petals 5, orbicu-

lar or obovate-orbicular, concave, spreading. Disc very convex, fleshy,

glabrous. Stamens 3, inserted towards the apex of the disc; the filaments

broad, triangular, recurved. Ovary buried in the disc, the 3-angled

style alone protruding, stigma small. Fruit globular or ovoid, glabrous,

1 to 1-25 in. diam., the calyx and corolla persistent at the base while young,

about 1-5 in. long when ripe. Kurz For. Flora Burma, I, 259; Laws. in

Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 626. .

Malacca: Griffith. Perak: King’s Collector, Nos. 5924 and 7579.

Disrris.—Tenasserim (Kew Distrib.), No. 891.

Kurz describes his S. grandiflora (Journ. As. Soc. Beng., pt. 2, p.

300), as scandent, and as having its flowers on minutely bracteolate

axillary or extra-axillary tubercles. He has with his own hand written

the name S. grandiflora on various specimens in the Calcutta Herbarium

which, although they have all axillary tubercles, shew no evidence of

being scandent. These sheets are as follows :— Helfer, Tenasserim or

Andamans (Kew Distrib.), Nos. 898 and 891; Griffith, Malacca (with-

out number); and Wall. Cat. No. 2812 from Penang. These in turn

agree with various specimens from Penang, Perak, Singapore and

Malacca which are described by their collectors as small erect shrubs,

and not scandent. The character of being scandent must therefore

be eliminated from Kurz’s diagnosis of S. grandiflora. In this view

Mr. Lawson appears to agree, for he describes both S. grandiflora and

S. longifolia Hook. fil. (which I reduce to a variety of S. grandiflora)

as erect shrubs. There is however a scandent species very closely re-

J. i, 47

366 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

sembling the foregoing in leaves, the flowers of which are not on tuber-

cles but arise singly or in pairs from the leaf-axils, and this I have

named S. macrantha. .

As in the case of S. flavescens there is a considerable range in the

size of the flowers of S. grandiflora, some measuring only -25 in. diam.,

while others are ‘45 in. There is also some difference in the shape

of the leaves. The specimens with very long, comparatively narrow,

leaves have been accepted as a species by Mr. Lawson. But I cannot

find that these differ in their flowers from Helfer’s No. 89& (Kew Dis-

trib.) which Kurz, the author of this species, has named S. grandiflora

with his own hand. I therefore treat these as a variety only.

Var. longifolia. Leaves oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, the base

much narrowed, 9 to 12 in. long. SS. longifolia, Hook. fil. in Fl. Br. Ind.

I, 626; Kurz For. Flora Burma, I, 258.

Malacca: Maingay (Kew Distrib.) No. 400%. Perak: Wray.

Distris.— Tenasserim, Helfer (Kew Distrib.) No. 898. Penang: Curtis,

Nos. 134, 1146, 1266, 2939.

8. SALActa LATIFOLIA, Wall. Cat. 4222. A scandent glabrous shrub

many feet in length; young branches slender, terete, dark-coloured

when dry. Leaves thinly coriaceous, elliptic to elliptic-rotund, obtuse

or shortly cuspidate, entire, the base rounded; upper surface pale-

ereenish when dry, the lower pale-brown ; main nerves 4 to 6 pairs,

spreading, forking far from the margin, slightly prominent beneath ;

length 3 to 6 in., breadth 2 to 3°5 in., petiole ‘5 in. Flowers -4 in. m

diam., in fascicles of 6 to 8 from short axillary tubercles, pedicels

about *5 in. long. Calyx cupular, with 5 broad reniform blunt lobes.

Petals 5, much longer than the calyx-lobes, obovate, blunt, spreading

or recurved. Disc large, thick, glabrous. Stamens 3, inserted near the

upper edge of the disc: the filaments long, flat, recurved ; the anthers

transverscly oblong, 2-celled. SH ruit globose, smooth, 1 in. in diam. ;

seeds °75 in. long, semi-convex, slightly rugose. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind.

1, 629. §. platyphylla, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. for 1875, pt. 2,

p. 203.

Singapore; Wallich. Pangkore: Scorteshini, Nos. 39,951. Anda-

man and Nicobar Islands.

This is allied to S. prinoides DC., but differs in being a large climber,

also in having larger more rotund leaves and larger flowers and fruit.

9. Sanacia pPRinompES, DC. Prod. I, 571. A large straggling

shrub; young branches divaricating, slender, somewhat four-angled,

glabrous. Leaves thinly coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, shortly and obtusely

cuspidate, coarsely serrate or entire, the base cuneate; both surfaces

glabrous, the lower pale; main nerves 5 or 6 pairs, ascending, curved ;

1896.] G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 367

length 1°75 to 3°5 in., breadth 1 to 15 in, petiole 15 to ‘25 in. Flowers

-25 in. in diam., 3 to 6 from small tubercles in the axils of the leaves

or from the smaller branches below the leaves; their pedicels slender,

about 25 to °35 in. lone. Calyx cupular, with 5 rounded concave lobes.

Petals much larger than the calyx-lobes, broadly cordate, obtuse, often

clawed at the base, the edges membranous. Disc broad, fleshy, convex.

Stamens 3, from the upper edge of the disc; the filaments flat but not

broad, erect: anthers small, transversely oblong, 2-celled. Ovary small,

conical, 3-angled, buried in the disc. Fruit ovoid-globular, °5 in. in

diam., l-celled, 1-seeded. Blume Bijdr. 221; Wall. Cat. 4219: W. and

A. Prod. 105: Dalz. and Gibs. Fl. Bomb. 33; Kurz For. Flora Burma,

ied: Mig. Pind "Bat. 1, pt.2, p.597 3° Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. 1)

626. §. podopetala, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 1863,1, 581. S.

Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 4221. Johnia coromandeliana, Roxb. Fl. Ind.

I, 169; DC. Prod. 1, 571. Tonsella prinoides, Willd. in Act. Acad. Cur.

Ber. IV, 184.

In all the provinces.—Distris: British India, Ceylon, the Malay

Archipelago, Philippines.

Var. macrophylla, leaves broadly elliptic, acuminate, much narrowed

at the base, 4 to 5 in. long, and 1:75 02°75 in. broad. 8S. macrophylla,

Bl. Bijdr. 221.

Perak: King’s Collector, 7552; Wray, No. 2133. Disrris.—Java.

10. Sanacia potyantHa, Korth. in Flora XXXI for 1848, p. 379.

Scandent, glabrous; young branches dark-coloured when dry, minute-

ly warted. eaves coriaceous, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, the apex

shortly and obtusely acuminate, the base cuneate, the edges with

remote shallow serrations; the upper surface shining when dry and

sub-olivaceous, the lower dull brown; length 3°5 to 4°5 in., breadth 1:25

to 2 in., petiole -35 in. Flowers about ‘25 in. in diam., on slender

pedicels ‘5 to “65 in. long, crowded on very short bracteolate axillary

tubercles. Calyx flat, fleshy, with 5 rotund slightly imbricate lobes.

Petals 5, much larger than the calyx-lobes, broadly elliptic, obtuse, con-

cave, spreading. Disc very convex, fleshy, glabrous. Stamens 3, insert-

ed near the upper edge of the disc: filaments flat but not very broad,

short, sub-recurved; anthers small, transversely oblong. Fruit un-

known.

Tongkah : Curtis, No. 2917. Kedah: Curtis, No. 2574. Disrrin.—

Borneo.

Mr. Curtis describes his Tongkah plant as a climbing shrub and

his Kedah plant as a tree; but I cannot find any difference in their

flowers or leaves.

11. Sanacta Wray, King, n. sp. <A stout climber: young

368 G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (No. 3,

branches slender, glabrous, dark-coloured when dry. Leaves mem-

branous, broadly elliptic, shortly cuspidate, entire, rounded or very

slightly narrowed at the base; upper surface shining, darkly

cinereous when dry; the lower pale, cinereous, dull: main nerves 6 or

7 pairs, obsolete on the upper, faint on the lower surface when dry ;

length 1°75 to 2'5 in., breadth 1 to 1°35 im.; petiole °3 to ‘4 in., slender.

Flowers ‘15 in. in diam., their pedicels about ‘2 in., in fascicles,

of 3 to 6 on very short axillary tubercles shorter than the

petioles. Calyx fleshy, sub-campanulate, deeply divided into 5 broad

reniform-ovate spreading teeth. Petals sub-erect, twice as long as the

calyx-lobes, fleshy, very broadly oblong; the apex obtuse, the base broad

and truncate. Disc cupular, fleshy, entire. Ovary broad, depressed, 3-

angled, surrounded by the disc, stigma small. Stamens 3, spreading ;

the filaments stout, slightly flattened, recurved over the edge of the dise=

anthers small, rounded, 2-celled. Fruit globular, nearly 2 in. in diam., and

bright orange when ripe, glabrous, the surface much corrugated when

dry especially towards the apex ; pedicel very stout, ‘5 in. long.

Perak: Wray, No. 2542.

12. Satacta Kunsrnert, King, n. sp. A scandent shrub; young

branches cinereous, glabrous, lenticellate, the bark striate when dry.

Leaves membranous, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate, shortly

cuspidate, much narrowed to the base, both surfaces glabrous, the lower

brown when dry, the transverse reticulations very distinct; main nerves

about 7 pairs, spreading and curving upwards; length 3°5 to 95°) in.,

breadth 1°75 to 2:3 in., petiole 15 in. Flowers 15 in. in diam., on thin

pedicels ‘5 in. long, in fascicles of 3 to 6 from very small bracteolate

axillary tubercles. Calyx small, cupular, spreading, deeply divided into

5 concave ovate-orbicular teeth with coarsely ciliate edges. Petals 5,

orbicular, spreading, much larger than the calyx-teeth. Disc flat, thin,

annular, not toothed. Stamens 3, attached to the mner edge of the disc;

the filaments very broad, triangular, recurved, anthers small. Ovary

buried in the dise. Fruit unknown. :

Perak: King’s Collector, No. 683, (collected only once and probably

a rare plant).

13. Sanacia FPLAVESCENS, Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, for 1872,

pt. 2, p. 300. A scandent shrub 40 to 60 feet long: young branches

slender, black when dry and with numerous minute split warts. Leaves

opposite, coriaceous, oblong, sub-acute, the edges entire and slightly

revolute when dry, the base rounded, almost sessile: both surfaces, but

especially the lower, yellowish when dry; main nerves 6 to 9 pairs,

spreading, interarching far from the edge: length 4 to 7 in., breadth

1:25 to 2°5 in.; petiole about -2 in., stout. Flewers about ‘15 in. in

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 369

diam., in axillary clusters of 2 or 3 or on very short woody tubercles ;

pedicels rather longer than the flowers. Calyx of 5 broadly ovate acute

concave sepals sometimes with coarsely ciliate edges, otherwise glabrous.

Petals twice as long as the sepals, broadly elliptic, glabrous, the inner

two sometimes with two imperfect transverse thickened bands on the

upper surface. Disc with saucer-like wavy lower rim, the upper part

fleshy and confluent with the ovary. Stamens 3, inserted on the disc ;

the filaments broadly triangular, embracing the ovary: anthers small,

transversely elongated, 2-celled. Ovary immersed in the disc, conical,

3-angled, glabrous, the style protruding, the stigma small. Fruit

globular, glabrous, 1°5 to 2 in. in diam. Seeds several. Kurz For. Flora

Burma. I, 260: Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 627. Microtropis

eoriacea, Wall. Cat. 4338. M. longifolia, Wall. Cat. 4339 (in part).

Xanthochymus ovalifolius, Wall. (not of Roxb.) Cat. 4839 B.

Malacca: Maingay (Kew Distrib.), No. 404/2. Perak: King’s

Collector, Scortechini, Curtis. Penang: Wallich, Curtis, No. 12.

Kedah : Curtis, No. 2653. Distk1n.— Tenasserim, Helfer (Kew Distrib.)

No. 897.

Var. dumosa: a small erect shrub; flowers brick-red.

Perak: Scortechini, No. 505, 1734: King’s Collector, No. 10948.

Kedah: Curtis, No. 2654.

I think it probable that better acquaintance with this shrubby

non-scandent variety will prove it to be quite as well entitled to specific

rank as many members of this genus.

14. Sanacta Lawsont, King. A scandent shrub with smooth prui-

nose branches, becoming black when dry. Leaves sub-coriaceous, elliptic,

obtuse, entire, the base rounded ; both surfaces glabrous, pale yellow-

ish-brown when dry, reticulate, shining: main nerves 6 or 7 pairs,

faint ; length 2°5 to 5 in., breadth 1°5 to 3 in., petiole ‘2 to 35 in,

Flowers *] in. in diam., 3 to 6 from small axillary bracteolate tubercles :

their pedicels slender, -25 to °3 in. long. Calyx of 5 ovoid-deltoid

thick sepals. Petals 5, larger than the sepals, broadly ovoid, obtuse.

Disc convex, fleshy. Stamens 3, inserted on the upper edge of the disc :

filaments flat, broadly triangular; anthers small, broader than lone.

Fruit unknown. S. ovalis, Lawson (not of Korth.) in Hook. fil. Fl. Br.

Ind. I, 627.

Malacca: Maingay (Kew Distrib.), No. 400.

A species with leaves like those of S, flavescens Kurz, but with

much smaller flowers: collected only by Maingay. I have been obliged

to change the name of this, as there is an earlier §. ovalis published by

Korthals in 1848 (Flora, XXXI, 579); whereas Mr. Lawson’s name

dates from 1875.

370 G. King—Waterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

Imperfectly known species.

SanactA Lopei, Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 626. An erect

shrub; branches terete, covered with minute warts. Leaves elliptic-

oblong with a short obtuse point, entire, not drying black, 3 to 3°5 in.

long and 1 to 1°75 in. broad. Flowers 1 to 3 in each axil, thick and

fleshy ; pedicels stout, 1 to 15in. long. Petals roundly ovate, sub-cordate

at the base, ‘25 in. long. Fruit unknown.

Singapore, Lobb.

This is known only by Lobb’s imperfect specimen said to have been

collected at Singapore. The description above given is copied from

Lawson (J. c.).

Sabacta RUBRA, Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 627. A scandent ?

shrub with coarse pale-coloured branches. Leaves sub-coriaceous, ellip-

tic-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire, the base cuneate,

both surfaces glabrous, the lower paler; main nerves 5 pairs. Flowers

unknown. Fruit globose, bright red when ripe, rugose, 1°5 in. in diam.,

2-seeded.

Malacca: Maingay (Kew Distrib.), Nos. 398/2 and 1525.

The above description is taken from Lawson (J. c.)

OrpeR XXXII. Rueaunez.

Shrubs or trees, erect or scandent (cirrhose in Gowania). Branches

unarmed spinous or aculeate. Leaves simple, alternate, or rarely opposite,

usually coriaceous, often 3—-5-nerved; stipules small, deciduous or

changed into prickles. lowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, small,

greenish, in cymes which are solitary or disposed in spikes or panicles.

Calyx 4-5-fid; lobes triangular, erect or recurved, usually carinate

within, valvate. Petals 4-5, rarely 0, inserted on the throat of the

calyx-tube, usually shorter than its lobes, cucullate or involute. Stamens

4-5, inserted with the petals and opposite to them, often enclosed within

their folds; anthers versatile, 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally. Dise

fleshy and filling the calyx-tube, or thin and lining it, entire or lobed,

glabrous, rarely tomentose. Ovary sessile, free or immersed in the dise,

wholly free from the calyx-tube or more or less adherent to it, 3- rarely

2-4-celled ; style short, simple, or 2-4-cleft; ovules 1 in each cell,

erect, anatropous, raphe dorsal. Fruit free or girt at the base or middle

by the adhering calyx-tube, 3- more rarely 1—4-celled, capsular and often

winged, or drupaceous. Seed with fleshy albumen, rarely exalbuminous;

embryo large, erect.—DIsTRIB. tropical and temperate regions; species

about 420.

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 371

Fruit superior.

Armed trees or shrubs ; fruit drupaceous sone Ext (ZAPU Se

Fruit half inferior.

Unarmed erect shrubs; fruit dry, 3-celled,

d-seeded ... oc see tb 2. COLUBRINA.

Scandent unarmed shrubs; fruit i ]- enlladi

l-seeded (by abortion), epicarp prolonged into a

long apical wing.

Fruit indehiscent, apical wing not splitting 3. VernrTInaco.

Fruit dehiscent, apical wing splitting at

least at the base i .. 4. SMYTHBA.

Fruit inferior, crowned by ‘jhe persistant wale

3-winged or triquetrous a de ... O. GOUANIA.

1. Zizypuus, Juss.

Trees or shrubs, often decumbent or sarmentose and usually armed

with sharp, straight or hooked prickles (transformed stipules). Leaves

alternate, 3-nerved, usually coriaceous. Flowers fascicled, or in sessile

or pedunculated cymes. Calyx 5-fid; lobes spreading, keeled within ;

tube broadly obconical. Petals 5, rarely 0, cucullate, deflexed. Disc

5=10-lobed, flat or pitted, with a free margin. Stamens 5. Ovary sunk

in the dise and confluent with it at the base, 2-4-celled; styles 2-4,

free, or more or less united. rwit fleshy or dry, with a woody or bony

1-4-seeded 1—4-celled stone. Seed plano-convex, albumen 0, or very

scanty.—Distris. Species about 60, found in tropical Asia and America,

and in the temperate regions of both hemispheres.

Leaves pubescent underneath.

Leaves uniformly tomentose beneath, broadly

ovate or sub-orbicular, blunt; drupe glabrous,

with much pulp and bony ealect pie = LL. GZ. Juguba-

Leaves rusty-pubescent beneath, arate lunceolts:

oblique, acute ; drupe glabrous, with scanty pulp

and leathery endocarp ... di .. 2. Z. Oenoplia.

Leaves rusty-pubescent beneath, elliptic-oblong,

acute or shortly acuminate, cordate; drupe

rufous-tomentose, with thin pulp and _ bony

endocarp ae ae . 3. Z Kunstleri.

Leaves sparsely Pribeauent Bavieath’ ovate- ise

eolate, oblique, bluntly acuminate; drupe gla-

brous, with thin pulp and leathery endocarp ... 4. Z. elegans.

| 372 «4G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (No. 3,

Leaves glabrous on both surfaces.

Cymes in thyrsoid terminal panicles, fruit

tomentose

. Z. calophylla.

Cymes axillary.

Sepals connivent, disc pitted, drupe glabrous 6. Z. affinis.

Sepals spreading, disc not pitted.

Lateral nerves of leaves either un-

branched, or very faintly so, drupe gla-

brous Nag bas we! OZ ohare

One at least of the lateral nerves strong-

ly branched, drupe tomentose. .. 8. Z. Horsfieldiz.

1. Zrzyeuus Jususa, Lamk. Dict. III, 318. A small tree: young

branches, flowers and under surfaces of leaves more or less pale or

tawny-tomentose. Leaves ovate-elliptic, ovate or sub-orbicular, blunt,

sub-entire, somewhat narrowed at the base, upper surface glabrous ;

length 1 to 2 in., breadth °5 to 1:15 in.; prickes solitary or in pairs:

petiole ‘25 to 5 in. Cymes short, lax or dense, axillary. Calyz floceulent

outside, glabrous inside. Petals sub-spathulate, concave. Disc with 10

grooved lobes. Ovary glabrous, 2-celled ; styles united to the middle.

Fruit globose or ovoid, glabrous, fleshy, ‘5 to °75 in. in diam., yellow or

orange-yellow, stone l- or 2-celled. DC. Prodr. ii. 21; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i.

608; Wall. Cat. 4244; W. & A. Prodr. 162; Wight Ic. t. 99; Hook.

Journ. Bot. i. 320, t. exl. (1834) ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 49; Thwaites

Enum. 74; Bedd. Fl. Sylvat. t. exlix.; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 632:

Kurz For. Flora Burma, I, 266; Boiss. Fl. Orient. ii. 13; Brandis For.

Flor. 86, t. 17; Trimen FI. Ceyl. I. 280. Z. mauritiana, Herb. Ham. in

Wall. Cat. 4245; DC. Prodr. 11. 21. Z. Sororia, Schult. Syst. v. 337;

DC. Prodr. i. 21. Z. trinervius, Roth Nov. Sp. 168, excl. var. B.

Rhamnus Jujuba, Linn. Fl. Zeyl. 36; Rheede Hort. Mal. iv. t. 40.

Malacca and Province Wellesley, but probably introduced. Distris.

India, Affghanistan, Ceylon, China, Australia, Africa.

A widely distributed species, and therefore presenting considerable

variety. The description above given refers to the plant as found in

the Malay Peninsula. As a rule there are two stipular prickles, of

which one is straight and the other curved. The fruit is eaten and

several garden forms are found.

2. Zizyeuus Onnopuia, Mill. Gard. Dict. No. 3. A scandent or

straggling shrub; young branches rusty-tomentose; prickles solitary,

tomentose at the base, glabrous at the apex, short, recurved. Leaves

ovate-lanceolate, often very oblique, acute, entire or obscurely crenate-

serrate, with 3 bold vertical nerves and numerous connecting ascending

1896.) G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 373

branches ; upper surfaces sparsely strigose, the lower densely rufescent>

villous : length 1:25 to 2:25 in., breadth °7 to 1:2 in.; petiole -2 to ‘3 in.,

tomentose. Cymes slightly longer than the petioles, subsessile, 12-to 15-

flowered, pubescent. Calyx sparsely pubescent outside, glabrous inside.

Disc glabrous, with 10 short deeply pitted lobes, Styles united to the

apex. Drupe globular, slightly compressed, black, glabrous, shining, with

scanty pulp, ‘25 in. in diam., endocarp leathery. DC. Prodr. ii. 21; Roxb,

Fl. Ind. i. 611; Wall. Cat. 4246; Don Prodr. 190; W. & A. Prodr. 163;

Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 49; Thwaites Hnum. 74; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind,

I, 634; Kurz For. Flora Burma, I, 266; Bedd. Fl. Sylv, Anal, Gen. lxix. ;

Brandis For. Fl. 86. Z. albens, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 607. Z. celtidifolia,

DC, Prodr. ii. 20; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, pt. 2, p. 641). Z. ferruginea,

Heyne in Wall. Cat. 4246, B, in part. Z. Napeca, Roxb. FI. Ind. i. 612,

not Willd,; Roth Noy. Sp. 159. 4. pallens, Wall. Cat. 4247 ? Z. pedi.

cellata, Wall. Cat. 4243. Z. rufula, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 643. Z. sean-

dens, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 17; Wall. Cat. 7269. ERhamnus Gnoplia, Linn.

Sp. Pl. 282. .

In all the Provinces; common.—Distr1B., British India, Ceylon:

tropical Asia and Australia.

In Perak there is a form of this (King’s Oollector Nos. 5106 and

5276) with leaves rather larger than the measurements ahove given,

and nearly glabrous. ‘

3. Zizypaus Kunstueri, King un. sp. A scandent or straggling

_shrub; young shoots rusty-pubescent ; spines stout, solitary, decurved.

Leaves coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, acute or shortly acuminate, very finely

serrate, narrowed togthe minutely cordate base ; upper surface shining,

glabrous except the impressed rusty-pubescent nerves; the lower dull,

rusty-pubescent especially on the 3 main vertical nerves and their

lateral branches; length 4 to 6 in., breadth 2 to 3 in., petiole ‘15 to ‘2

in. Cymes 5- to 8-flowered, sub-sessile and crowded on branches 4 to

10 in. long, many ef them in the axils of leaves much smaller than

those of the stem. Calyz rusty-tomentase outside, glabrous inside ; its

teeth broadly triangular, acute, spreading. Disc with 5 broad truncate

emarginate teeth, glabrous exeept a villous elevated ring surrounding

the base of the sunk tomentose ovary. Styles united for half their

length. Drupe ovoid, slightly compressed, rufous-tamentose, the per-

sistent calyx reflexed; 1 to 1:25 in. long, and from ‘5 to ‘75 in. diam, ;

pulp seanty, endoecarp woody ; seed single, compressed.

Proyince Wellesley, King’s Collector No. 1607. Perak: Wray,

Nos. 1911, 3281 and 3285; King’s Collector Nos. 3772 and 6853.

A very distinct species, the flowering branches of which have much

smaller leayes than those of the barren branches. Named in memory

J. u. 48

374 G. King—Materials for a Vlora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

of its first collector, H. H. Kuzstler, who sent it from Province Wellesley

in 1881.

4, ZazyPHUS ELEGANS, Wall. Cat. 4233. <A straggling or scandent

shrub: young branches slender, softly pubescent. Leaves ovate-lan-

ceolate, bluntly acuminate, oblique, the edges obscurely glandular-

serrate-crenate, the base slightly narrowed; upper surface glabrous

except the pubescent nerves; the lower sparsely pubescent especially

on the nerves; the middle of the 3 main bold vertical nerves unbranched,

one, and sometimes both, of the lateral sending a few faint brauches

from one side; length 2 to 3 m., breadth ‘75 to 1°25 in. . petiole -25 to

'35., tomentose. OCymes with stalks as long as the leaves, dichotomous,

20- 30-flowered, tomentose. Culyx adpressed-pubescent outside, glab-

rous inside. Disc glabrous, fleshy, with 5 broad emarginate lobes, each

lobe with 3 deep pits; styles short, slightly united. Drwpe sub-globular,

compressed, glabrous, ‘3 in. in diam., pulp very thin, endocarp leathery.

M. subquinquenervius, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat., Suppl. 330.

Singapore ; Wallich, King’s Collector. Malacca; Ridley No. 1504.

Maingay (Kew Dist.) No. 412. Perak: King’s Collector, No. 4260

avd 4770—Distris.; Sumatra, Forbes 3137; Diepenhorst.

This species was first described by Miquel from specimens collected

at Prianam in Sumatra, one of which is in Herb: Calcutta. Miquel does

not describe the fruit, which differs from that of Z. Horsfieldii of the

same author in being smaller and glabrous. This is no doubt very

closely allied to. Z. Horsfieldii, and it would have been better had

Miquel transposed the names of the two; for there is much more dis-

position to an increase in the number of the nemves of the leaves in

Z. Horsfieldii than in Z. subquinquenervis. Wallich had however, long

prior to the publication of Miquel’s name for this, issued leafless twigs

of it as No. 4233 of his Catalogue, under the name Z. elegans; and

this name must therefore, as the earliest, be adopted.

5. ZizypHus caLopHynia, Wall. in Roxb. FI. Ind., ed. Carey, TI,

366. A powerful climber; young branches dark-coloured, rusty-

puberulous or glabrous, sparsely lenticellate; prickles short, recurved,

usually solitary, rarely in pairs. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic or e!liptic-

oblong, shortly and obtusely acuminate, the edges minutely crenate-

dentate or sub-entire; the base usually narrowed, not oblique; both

surfaces glabrous, shining, the upper pale, olivaceous ; main nerves 3,

bold, unbranched, vertical; length 3 to5 in., breadth 1°5 to 2°5 in,

petiole ‘25 to 35 in. Cymes rusty-pubescent, disposed in axillary or

terminal thyrsoid panicles. Calyx rusty-tomentose outside, glabrous

inside; its teeth broadly triangular, acute, spreading. Disc entire.

Styles united to near the apex. Drupe minutely rufous-tomentose,

Slog

_ een eae al

1896.] G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 375

ovoid or ovoid-globose, the pulp scanty andthe endocarp leathery,

seed solitary. Wall. Cat. 4230; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 636. Z. ornata,

Mig. Fl. Ind.. Bat., Vol. I, pt. I, 642. Berchemia calophylla, G. Don

Gen. Syst. IT, 28.

Penang; Wallich. Malacca; Griffith, No. 2046. Maingay (Kew

Distrib.), No. 411. Perak, common.. Singapore; Ridley, Nos. 1915,

4939. Pahang, Ridley, No. 5021. Selangor, Ridley’s Collector.

A handsome and very distinct species. Ridley’s Singapore. No. 3646

seems to be a form of this with smaller leaves and more globular smaller

fruit than usual. Z%. ornata, Miq., of which there is a type specimen

in Herb. Calcutta, differs in no respect from this.

6. ZizypHus ArFinis, Hemsley in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1544. Scan-

dent: young branches dark-coloured, glabrous, the older often with

many prominent lenticels, prickles and leaves as in Z. calophylla.

Cymes solitary, axillary, on pedicels longer than the petioles, spreading,

many-flowered, puberulous.. Flowers sub-globular, opening only slightly ;

the calyx coriaceous, rugulose and sub-glabrous externally ; its lobes

broadly ovate, very concave, erect, with incurved apices lined internally

with a pale glabrous membrane. Disc minutely 10-crenate, pitted, glab-

rous. Styles united*to theapex. Frwit ovoid, glabrous, °75 in. lone and

‘6 in. in diam., the pulp scanty and the endocarp bony.

Perak: Wray Nos. 1885, 1886 and 1995. King’s Collector Nos.

3568, 3747, 5238, 5528, 6720. Scortechini No. 192.

The leaves of this species so much resemble those of Z, calephylla

Waill., that its author, who had very scanty material to work with,

expressed some doubt whether it should not be considered as a variety

of that species, rather than as a distinct one. An examination of

numerous specimens with good flowers and ripe fruit, shows however

that it is perfectly distinct from Z. calophylla. Its calyx differs in

fact very much from that-of any-other Asiatic species of this genus

‘known to me, inasmuch as the lobes are coriaceous, cucullate, conni-

vent and linea by a pale membrane.

7. ZizyeHus GuaBRa, Roxb. FI. Ind. I, 614. A scandent shrub;

young branches puberulous; spines short, curved, solitary. Leaves ovate-

obiong, rarely ovate-lanceolate, shortly and obtusely caudate-acuminate,

the edges serrulate or sub-entire, the base slightly narrowed, oblique, and

sometimes emarginate on one side, boldly 3-nerved, nerves unbranched,

‘both surfaces shining, glabrous except the midrib on the upper which

is pubescent; length 2°5 to 35 in., breadth 1:25 to 16 in., petiole 2 to

‘4in. Cymes slightly longer than the petioles, on short stalks, axillary,

“spreading, 10- to 20-flowered, pubescent like the outer-surface of the

‘ealyx. Dise with a circular hairy centre and glabrous edge with 10

376 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (No. 3,

obscure broad teeth. Drupe round or ovoid, at first puberulous, when

quite ripe yellow and usually nearly glabrous, ‘5 or “6 in. in diam.,

stone usually l-celled. Kurz For. Flora Burma, I, 267. Z. venulosa,

Wall. Cat. 4.235.

Andaman and Nicobar Islands.—Distris. Burma, Chittagong.

This is a perfectly good and distinct species. Mr. Lawson however,

misled no doubt by Wallich’s wrong identification of No. 4242 of his

catalogue as Z. glabra, Roxb., and in the absence of an authentic speci-

men of the species, reduced this (in Hooker’s Flora of Brit. India I, 636,)

to a glabrous form of Z. rugosa Lamk., which is a plant with a totally

different inflorescence. The nearest ally of this is undoubtedly the

Indian Peniusular spécies Z. trinervia Roxb., which was published by

Roxburgh in his Hortus Bengalensis in 1813 as Z. trinervius, and of

which a full and excellent description was given as Z. trinervia in his

Flora Indica J, 606. The synonymy of this species is rather curious,

and I therefore make a note of it here. Roth described what is

undoubtedly a different plant in his Nove Plantarwm Species (pub-

lished in 1821) asaspecies of his own under the name Z. trinervius,

and of that plant he describes, as var. glubratus, a form to which he

reduces Z. glabratws Heyne, which is unmistakably the Z. trinervius of

Roxburgh; I can find no other publication of Heyne’s Z. glabratus than

this one of Roth’s. Unfortunately Mr. Lawson has taken Heyne’s

name as that of the species, although Roxburgh’s dates from 1813.

8. Zizyeuus Horsrieupiu, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat., Vol. I, pt. 1, p. 643.

Young branches sparsely puberulous; spines short, curved, usually

solitary or with a second abortive. Leaves ovate-elliptic or ovate-lanceo-

late, acuminate, minutely serrate, the base slightly narrowed, some-

times oblique or sub-cordate, glabrous on both surfaces, the latter with

a few scattered hairs on the nerves; vertical nerves 3, bold, impressed

on the upper and prominent on the- lower surface, the middle one un-

branched, the two lateral sending bold curved aseending branches

towards the margin; length 2°5 to 3 in., breadth 1 to 1:75 in., petiole

‘3 to ‘5 in. Cymes longer than the petioles, branched, few-flowered.

Flowers on pedicels longer than themselves ; calyx puberulous outside,

glabrous inside: disc tomentose with a glabrous 10-crenate wavy

edge, not pitted; styles united to the apex. Fruit globular, slightly

compressed, ‘5 to 6 in. in diam., densely’but minutely tawny-tonrentose.

Nicobar Islands: Kurz Singapore, Ridley, Ne. 6379,—Distris.

Java. :

This species much resembles Z. glabra, Roxb., but the outer nerves

of the leaves are boldly branched outwards, and the fruit is minutely

tomentose. The specimens of this are scanty. When more materials

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 377

of this and of Z. glabra, Roxb. are obtained, it may be found impossible

to keep this up as more than a variety of the older species. Ridley’s

Singapore specimens (No. 6379) have longer-stalked cymes than those

from the Nicobar Islands or from Java, In the latter the cymes do not

much exceed the petiole in length, while in the former they are, even

when in flower, half as long as the leaf.

2. Convsrina, Rich.

Erect shrubs. Leaves alternate. Flowers in very short axillary

eymes. Calyx 5-fid; tube hemispherical. Petals 5, clawed, springing

from the margin of the disc, hooded. Stamens 5. Disc fleshy, filling the

calyx-tube. Ovary sunkin the disc and confluent with it, 3-celled ;

style 3-cleft ; stigmas reflexed. Fruit the size of a pea, subglobose,

surrounded below the middle by the remains of the calyx-tube, 3-celled,

cells l-seeded, tardily dehiscent.—Distris. Species 18, chiefly tropical

American.

Leaves broadly ovate, crenate-serrate er LAO astaricar

» oblong-oblanceolate, entire ... 2. ©. anomatla.

1. Couperin astatica, Brongn. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. I, x, 369.

A glabrous unarmed shrub. Leaves broadly ovate, acute, crenate-serrate,

(sometimes obscurely), rounded at the base; main nerves about 3 pairs,

curved, ascending; length 1:5 to 3in., breadth 1 to 2°25 in. ; petiole 4

to 6 in., slender. Cymes shorter than the petioles, flowers yellowish.

W.&A. Prodr. 166; Wight Ill.i.t, 74; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 50;

Thwaites Enum. 75; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 642; Kurz For. Flora

Burma, I, 268; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. Ixix. O. javanica, Mig. FT.

Ind. Bat, vol. I, pt. 1, 649. Ceanothws asiaticus, Lamk. Ill. t. 129, £. 2; DC.

Prodr. ii. 30; Roxb. FI. Ind. i. 615; Wall. Cat. 4262. ©. capsularis,

Forst. Prodr. 18; DC. Prodr. ii..32. Pomaderris cupsularis, G. Don

Gen. Syst. ii. 39; Burm. Zeylan. t. 48. Rhamnus acuminata, Colebr.

in Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 615.

Pahang, Perak, Nicobar and ee eid —Disrzis. ; Malay

Archipelago, British India.

2. COLUBRINA ANOMALA, King n. sp. A tree 30 to 40 feet high

with spreading pendent branches; young shoots softly rusty-puberu-

lous. Leaves oblong-oblanceolate, caudate-acuminate, entire, much nar-

rewed to the base: upper surface glabrous, shining ; the lower puberu-

Jous, liver-coloured .when dry ; main nerves 4 pairs, slightly curved,

ascending, the lowest pair springing from the very base: length 4 to

65 in., breadth 11 to 225 in., petiole 4 to‘5 im. Oymes axillary

or crowded on the branches bulsveait the leaves, branching, many-

flowered, rusty-tomentose, minutely: bracteolate. Flowers *15 in. in

378 «G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, [No. 3,

diam., on pedicels longer than themselves. Calyx sparsely puberulous

outside, its lobes triangular, glabrous and keeled inside. Disc glabrous,

thick, filling the calyx tube; ovary glabrous, 3-celled, the styles short,

distinct, sometimes slightly reflexed. ruit on a thin glabrous pedicel

elongated to nearly 1 inch, depressed-globular, glabrous, ‘25 in. in diam.,

black when dry, the withered calyx teeth forming a ring above its base.

Perak: King’s Collector, Nos. 6561 and 7476.

This plant differs from the other species of the genus in the

character of its foliage, and in the fact that the styles are quite short,

and not united. The flowers, however, in other respects, and the fruit,

are exactly those of the genus.

3. VENTILAGO. Gaertn.

Scandent shrubs with alternate leaves. Flowers small, panicled,

minutely bracteolate. Calys obconic, 5-fid ; the teeth spreading, keeled

internally. Petals 5, deltoid or obcordate, deflexed, cucullate. Stamens 5,

adnate to the petals at the base. Disc 5-angled, its margin free. Ovary

immersed in the disc, 2-celled, the style very short. Ripe fruit sub-

globose, i-celled, l-seeded, surrounded at its base or middle by the

adherent calyx-tube, the fruit prolonged upward above the seed-chamber

into a linear or linear-oblong coriaceous apical wing. Seed sub-globose,

exalbuminous.—DistRiz. Species about 16; tropical.

Fruit pubescent ee Py Pen bee Madraspatana,

Fruit glabrous.

Leaves sub-acute, with 8 to 11 pairs of

main nerves, fruit *25 to 35 in. in diam.... 2. V. Maingayi.

Leaves more or less shortly caudate-acu-

minate, with 6 or 7 pairs of main nerves.z. 3. V. leiocarpa.

1. VeENTILAGO MADRASPATANA, Gaertn. Fruct. I, 223, t. 49, p. 2.

Young branches and panicles pubescent. Leaves oblong-ovate to ovate,

sub-acute, the edges entire or obscurely sinuate in the upper half, the

base rounded ; main nerves 4 to 6 pairs, alternate, ascending ; upper

surface glabrous, the lower glabrous or puberulous; length 2°25 to 4 in.,

breadth 1°25 to 2:25 in.; petiole -25 to ‘6 in. Panicles terminal and

axillary, longer than the leaves, narrow, with distant short many-

flowered cymose branches. Flowers about *1o in. in diam., shorter than

their pedicels, densely crowded. Calyx pubescent or puberulous out-

side, glabrescent inside; disc velvetty. Ovary tomentose, styles more

or less divergent. Fruat yellowish, densely pubescent, often becoming

sub-glabrous with age ; the nut about ‘2 in. in diam.; the wing l-nerved,

plunt, 1°75 to 2°25 in. long and °3 to ‘4in. broad. V. calyculata, Tulasne

in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4, VIII. 124; Brandis For. Flora 96; Lawson in

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 379

Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 631; Kurz For. Flora Burma. I, 262. V. denti-

culata, Willd. Noy. Act. Ber. iii. 417; DC. Prodr. ii. 38. V. macrantha,

Tulasue in Aun. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4, viii. 123. V. madraspatana, Roxb. FI.

Ind. i. 629 ; Cor. Pl. i. 55, t. 706; Wall. Cat. 4268, in part. W.& A. Prodr.

164. V. silhetiana, Sinithiana, and sulphurea, Tulasne in Ann. Sc. Nat.

Ser. iv—viii. 125.

South Andaman.—Disrris. Throughout the hotter parts of India

and Java.

Tulasne was the first to establish V. calyculuta as a species, and he

founded it upon three Indian specimens, viz., Herb. Strachey and Win-

-terbottam No. 349, Wall. Cat, 4263G. (both from Kamaon) and Wall.

Cat. 4268H. (from Sylhet). The characters used by him to distin-

guish V. calyculata as a species distinct from the older V. madraspatana,

Gaertn. are that the latter has more slender and more glabrous panicles ;

that the ovary is less hairy and the styles less divergent; the wing

being attached to the base of the fruitin V. madraspatana, while it springs

trom about the middle of it in V. calyculata. The last character is the

one most relied upon; but, as regards it, I find no degree of constancy.

I do not think the form named calyculata deserves rank as more than a

variety of typical V. madraspatana Gaertn., the synonymy of which

(as distinct from this variety) is as follows: Brongn. Mem. sur la Fam:

des Rhamnées, Ann. Sc. Nat. for 1827, Ser. I (Vol. X) p. 358, t. 12, fig.

IV; W. & A. Prodr. 164; Wight Ic. 163 ; Wall. Cat. 4268, in part; Dalz.

& Gibs. Bomb. FI. 48; Thwaites Enum. 74: Brandis For. Fl. 96; Laws.

in Fl. Br. Ind. I, 631. V. bracteata, Wall. Cat. 4269.

The typical form seems to occur only in Southern India and Ceylon:

2. Ventitaco Maineayi, Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 631,

Young branches and panicles puberulous. Leaves thinly coriaceous,

glabrous, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, sub-acute, entire, the bases nar-

rowed; main nerves 8 to 11 pairs, spreading; length 2°5 to 4°5 in.,

breadth 1:25 to 1:75 in., petiole ‘1 to°2in. Panicles narrow and spike-

like, shorter than the leaves when in flower, longer when in fruit; the

branches very short, distant, cymose. lowers crowded ; 1 in. in diam.,

about as long as their pedicels. Calyx puberulous outside, glabrous

_ inside, the keels of its lobes very bold. Disc pubescent. Ovary glab-

rous. Fruit greenish-yellow, glabrous; the nut ‘25 to ‘35 in. in diam. ;

the wing blunt, l-nerved, mottled with red, 3 to 3°5 in. long and about

‘6 in. broad. Kurz For. Flora Burma, I, 263.

Malacca : Maingay (Kew Dist.) No. 407 ; King’s Collector, No. 7721.

Distris. Tenasserim? Cambodia !

A species easily recognised by its elongated entire thinly coriaceous

leaves, and long-winged glabrous fruit. Tenasserim is given as a local-

380 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. {No. 3,

ity for this species by its author; but if this distribution be given on

the strength of Helfer’s Tenasserim specimen No. 2022 (Kew Distrib.),

I think it is erroneous: for that specimen does not agree with Maingay’s

(from Malacca) No. 407 which is the type of the species.

3. VeENTILAGO LEIOCARPA, Benth. Fl. Hongkong 67; Journ. Linn.

Soe. V, 77.- Young shoots angled and, like the inflorescence, puberulous.

Leaves thinly coriaceous, glabrous, ovate-oblong, more or less shortly

caudate-acuminate; the edges more or less minutely crenate-serrate, some-

times entire, except at the rounded or slightly narrowed base: main

nerves 6 or7 pairs, curved, ascending ; length 2°25 to 3'5 in., breadth 1 to

l'lin., petiole *2in. Panicles very narrow and spike-like, much longer

than the leaves even when only in flower ; their lateral branches distant,

very short, cymose. Flowers shorter than their pedicels, 1 in. to*125 in,

in diam. Oalyz and disc glabrescent. Fruit golden yellow, glabrous :

nut about ‘2 in. in diam. ; the wing with several vertical nerves, blunt,

from 2 to 2’5 in. long and “4 (rarely ‘75 in.) broad. Lawson in Hook fil.

FI. Br. Ind. I, 681; Kurz For. Flora Burma, I, 263. V. madras-

patana, Benth. (not of Gaertn.) in Hook. Kew Journ. IV, 42.

Singapore: Ridley, No. 3607. Malacca; Maingay (Kew Distrib.)

406; Griffith (Kew Distrib.), Nos. 2022 and 2026. Perak; King’s

Collector, Nos. 6573, 7758; Wray, Nos. 2276, 2335. Scortechini, No.

2110.—Disrris. Sumatra, Java, Hongkong. A common plant.

In a few specimens the flowers are arranged in small axillary cymes;

but, by the fall of the leaves, the inflorescence would be converted

into narrow spikes of cymes as above described. Some of the speci-

mens from Perak have entire leaves as much as 8 in. long and 2*5 in.

broad; and these may belong to a distinct species. The species is

readily distinguished by its crenate-serrate shining glabrous leaves, and

by its glabrous several-nerved fruit-wings. A species from Sumatra

described by Miquel (Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 330) under the name of

V. lucens must be very near to, if not identical with this. If it be identi-

eal, the name V. lucens (published in 1860) must take precedence of

Bentham’s name which was not published until 1861.

4. Smytuea, Seem.

Scandent or sub-scandent unarmed woody shrubs. Leaves alter-

nate, petiolate. Flowers in axillary fascicles, or on leafless terminal

branches which form lax panicles. Calyx-twbe obconic; the lobes 5,

spreading. Petals 5, cucullate, broadly emarginate or 2-lobed. Sta-

mens 5, not covered by the petals; the anthers incurved, didymous.

Disc 5-angled. Ovary half-inferior, 2-celled : styles 2,recurved. Capsule

with the calyx adherent to its base, ovate-lanceolate, compressed,

1896.) G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 381

produced above the seed-cavity into a much elongate leathery wing,

l-celled, 1 seeded, dehiscing vertically into 2 valves. Seed solitary,

large, compressed, exalbuminous.—Dtstris. Four species, Malayan and

Polynesian.

The differences between the genéra Ymrythea and Ventilago lie entirely in the

fruit. Both have 2-celled ovaries with two styles, and in both only one oyule

becomes a seed. In both the epicarp of the fruit is prolonged above the apex of

the seed-chamber into a long coriaceous wing with a vertical midrib. In Ventilago

the fruit mever dehisces, and the wing never divides. In Smythea the seed-cham-

ber dehisces vertically along its dissepiment, and the wing separates to some

extent, from below upwards and along the mesial line, into two pieces. In Venti-

lago the mesial line has the appearance of the midrib of a leaf, being quite single :

in Smythea the mesial line consists, in its lower part at least, of two parallel sets

of fibro-vascular bundles.

Leaves entire, much and conspicuously reti-

culate Pc ees vw. 1. &. reticulata.

Leaves serrate, widest above the dnidaiee ; disc

and ovary glabrous... a . 2, &. macrocarpa.

Leaves remotely crenate-serrate, widest below

the middle ; disc and ovary minutely tomentose 3. S. calpicarpa.

1. SmyrHea RETICULATA, King n. sp. Young branches puberu-

lous. Leaves ovate-elliptic or lanceolate, shortly acuminate, entire, with

minutely cordate or rounded bases, glabrous, shining and minutely

reticulate on both sides ; main nerves 4 or 5 pairs, faint; length 2 to,3

in., breadth ‘8 to 15 in.; petiole ‘1 in., glabrous. Fascicles 12-to 15-

flowered ; flowers ‘15 in. in diam. Calyx sparsely pubescent outside,

glabrous inside, its lobes erect, neither lobed nor pitted. Ovary tomentose.

Fruit lanceolate, acuminate, minutely cinereous-tomentose, 2 in. long and

8 in. broad.

Singapore: Ridley, No. 3592. Johore: Ridley, 1917. Perak:

Scortechini, No. 1008.

Distinguished by its entire perfectly glabrous very reticulate

leaves, glabrous petiole, hairy ovary, and lanceolate acuminate fruit.

2. SmyTHEA MAcROocARPA, Hemsley in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1558. Young

branches slender, rufous-puberulous. Leaves oblong-oblanceolate to

obovate-elliptic, acuminate, serrate, narrowed to the slightly oblique

base; both surfaces glabrous; main nerves 6 to 9 pairs, slightly

curved, ascending; length 2°5 to 5 or even 7 in., breadth 1 to 1°5 or

even 2 in.; petiole ‘1 to'2in.or none. Fascicles about 10-flowered ;

the flowers ‘15 in. in diam., pedicellate. Calyx sparsely pubescent

outside, glabrous inside; its 5 lobes triangular, thick. Disc glabrous,

neither lobed nor pitted. Ovary glabrous. Jruit leathery, oblong,

obtuse, with one stout vertical double line along which dehiscence takes

J. mu. 49

882 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (No. 3,

place and several faint lateral lines, about 3 in. long and ‘5 to °76 in.

broad. Ventilago macrocarpa, King MSS.

Perak: common. Penang: Curtis, No. 1751.

Var. pubescens, young branches tomentose; leaves pubescent on

the under surface.

Perak: Scortechini, No. 2110; King’s Collector, No. 7726.

3. SMYTHEA CALPICARPA, ane Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, Vol. XLE,

(for 1872) pt. 2, p. 301; For. Flora Burma I, 264. Young branches

sparsely tawny-pubescent. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, remotely

erenate-serrate; both surfaces glabrous but for a few scanty hairs on the

5 or 6 pairs of ascending slightly curving lateral nerves; length 2°25

to 2°75 in., breadth ‘6 to 1 in.; petiole "15 in., tomentose. Fascicles 3-

to 10-flowered ; the flowers 5B in. in diam., pedicellate. Calyx hirsute

outside; disc and ovary minutely tomentose. Frwit (unripe) coriaceous,

oblong, obliquely truncate at the apex, minutely tawny-tomentose.

Andaman Islands: Helfer (Kew. Distrib.), No. 2026/1; King’s

Collectors.

5. Govanta, Linn.

Unarmed climbing shrubs. Leaves alternate, petiolate. Flowers

polygamous, in axillary or terminal spikes of cymes; rachis often cirrhose-

Calyx superior, 5-fid ; tube short, obconic. Petals 5, inserted below the

margin of the disk, hooded! Stamens 5, enfolded by the petals. Dise-

filling the calyx-tube, 5-angled or stellate.. Ovary sunk in the disc,

3-celled; style 3-cleft. Fruit inferior, coriaceous, crowned by the

peensteut limb of the calyx, 3-winged or boldly 3-angled, dehiscent..

Distris. About 50 species all tropical and mostly American.

Leaves entire; fruit triquetrous . we LL. G. Andamaniea. -

Leaves crenate or serrate ; fruit winged.

Young branches glabrous; disc-lobes ob-

long, truncate-emarginate atthe apex ... 2. G. leptostachya.

Young branches rufous-tomentose ; disc-

lobes near, acuminate ies .. oo G. Javanica.

1. Gouants Anpamanica, King n. sp. Young branches ferru-

gineous-pubescent, the older almost glabrous and striate. Leaves oblong-

ovate, sub-acute, entire, narrowed to the base; both surfaces, but

especially the lower, sparsely adpressed-pubescent; length 1°5 to 3°5 in,

breadth °75 to 2 in., petiole -4 to ‘6 in. Spikes 8 to 9 in. long, some-

times cirrhiferous near the base, slender, rufous-pubescent. Flowers

in distant 3-4-flowered cymes, sessile; bracteoles numerous, linear-

lanceolate, rufous-pubescent. Disc glabrous, with 5 linear lobes. Styles

upited near the base, ovary densely tomentose. _ Fruit oblong, boldly

a la

1896.) G. King—WMazterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 383

triquetrous but not winged, rusty-tomentose, ‘4 to "5 in, long and ‘25 to

‘35 in. in diam., the withered calyx very prominent at its apex.

Middle Andaman Island: common.

The nearest ally of this species is undoubtedly G. Brandisii, Hassk.

from which however, this is easily distinguished by its more glabrous

flowers, and oblong wingless fruit. This also (in its entire leaves) resem-

bles G. microcarpa DC. and the S. American species Gt. discolor, Spruce.

2. GovaniA Leprostacuya, DC. Prod. Il, 4. Young branches glab-

rous. Leaves broadly ovate, acute or shortly and bluntly caudate-

acuminate, serrate or crenate in the upper three-fourths, the base

rounded sub-truncate or slightly cordate; upper surface glaberulous,

minutely sub-scaberulous when dry; the lower minutely areolate when

dry, glabrous except the nerves which are sometimes puberulous;

Jength 1:75 to 3in. Racemes 6 to 12 in. long, slender, pubescent.

Flowers in distant 3—4-flowered cymes, shortly pedicelled, almost glab-

rous. Disc glabrous, with 5 oblong truncate-emarginate lobes. Styles

united for half their length. Fruit broader than long, emarginate at

base and apex, glabrous ; length ‘25 to 3 in., breadth ‘4 to °5 in. Roxb.

Corom. Pl: TJ, 67, t.:98 (not Lamk.); Wall Cat. 4270: W. and A. Prod.

166: Dalz. and Gibs. Fl. Bomb. 50; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 643;

Kurz For. Flora Burma, I, 269; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Vol. I, pt. 1, 650

(in part.) G. Nepulensis, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey, II, 417;

Wall. Cat. 4272... ~ ‘

Perak and Andamans :—Duisrris. Brit. India. oe

3. Govania Javanica, Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. I, pt. 1, p. 649. Young

branches and racemes rufous-tomentose. Leaves ovate, acute, crenate

an the upper three-fourths, the base rounded or slightly cordate ; upper

surface shortly pubescent especially on the nerves; under surface areolate,

sparsely pubescent, the nerves rufous-tomentose ; main nerves 6 or 7

pairs, very little curved, ascending; length 15 to 25 in, breadth 1:1 to

2 in., petiole 5in. Spikes ‘3 to 6 in. long, sometimes cirrhiferous near

the base. Flowers in. very short 2-4-flowered cymes, subsessile, each

eyme with several sub-persistent ultimately reflexed lanceolate brac-

teoles. Calyx woolly, more or less rufescent. Disc glabrous, with 5

subulate marginal lobes. Styles united nearly to the apex. Fruit as

in G. leptostachya, but one-third smaller. M. Javanica, Mig. Fl. Ind.

Bat. Vol. I, Pt. 2,.p..649.

Malacca: Griffith ; Sungei Ujong, Cantley 1855. Perak; King’s

Collector, Nos. 1009, 1046; Ridley, No. 3014; Wray, Nos. 3324, 4260.

Distris. Sumatra, Forbes, 1263, 2593, 29338a. Java.

This species has been often confounded with G. microcarpa DC.,

which it certainly resemblesin some respects. I have examined a

384 G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

large number of specimens of Indo-Malayan Gouania, and I have

never seen one of true G. microcarpa from anywhere except Southern

Peninsular British India or Ceylon. That species is characterised

by sessile flowers covered externally by dense woolly white tomentum,

and by glabrous usually entire or sub-entire leaves; while the flowers

of G. Javunica, although sometimes woolly, are more or less rufescent,

and the leaves are never quite glabrous or entire. The species of

Gouania run, however, very close together, and I am not sure that

it would not be better to reduce this and both G. microcarpa and

leptostachya to G. tilizfolia Lamk. which dates from 1791. The

obscure Malayan species G. denticulata (Smith in Ree’s Cyclop.

XVI); the West Indian G. pubescens ‘Lamk. Ill. 845 t. 1, ex. Poir. I,

819); G. dasyantha, (Mig. Analecta Bot. Ind. III, 6) and G. Retinaria,

DC. (Retinaria scandens, Gaertn. Fruct. I, p. 187 t. 120 fig. 4) appear

to me, from their descriptions, to be probably all reducible also to G.

tiliefelta, Lamk.

Order XX XIII. AMPpELIDEAE.

Shrubs, usually climbing by tendrils, sometimes erect (Leea) or

small trees; juice copious, watery. Stems angled, compressed or eyln-

dric. Leaves alternate, usually petioled, simple or digitately or pedately

3-9-foliolate, rarely pinnate or decompound. Flowers in umbellate

paniculate or spicate cymes, or spicate. Peduncles often transformed

into simple or compound tendrils, or adhering to rocks or trees by viscid

pads terminating the ultimate segments, or expanded into a broad

floriferous membrane (Pterisanthes). Flowers regular, hermaphrodite,

rarely unisexual. Calyx small, entire or 4—5-toothed or- lobed. Petals

4-5, distinct or cohering, valvate, usually eaducous. Stamens 4-5,

opposite the petals, inserted at the base of the disc or between its

lobes; filaments short, subulate; anthers free or connate, 2-celled,

introrse. Disc free, or connate with the petals stamens or ovary,

annular or variously expanded. Ovary 2-6-celled ; style short, slender,

conical, or 0; stigma minute, or large flat and lobed; ovules 1-2 in

each cell, ascending, anatropal, raphe ventral. Berry 1-6 celled, cells

1-2-seeded. Sced erect, often rugulose, albumen cartilaginous; embryo

short, basal, cotyledons ovate.— Duistris. Species about 375, inhabiting

the tropical and temperate regions of the whole world.

Scandent shrubs, usually bearing tendrils.

Flowers spicate or cymose. Ovary 3-celled,

cells 2-ovuled ... sine sent af Vines:

Flowers sessile on the dilated membranous

peduncle oie a6 .. 2. PYERISANTHES.

iis ot ala

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 385

Erect shrubs destitute of tendrils. Petals

and stamens connate with the disc. Ovary

3-6-celled, cells l-ovuled ue 30a 2 Ove PARE Ae

Lo Vitis, Linn:

Sarmentose shrubs, usually climbing by means of leaf-opposed

tendrils. eaves simple or 3-9-foliolate, digitate or pedate, rarely pin-

nate or bipinnate. Flowers in umbellate paniculate racemose or spicate

cymes, usually ebracteate, sometimes polygamous. Calyx short, entire,

or 4—5-toothed. Petals 4-5, free or cohering at the apex. Stamens

4-5, inserted below the margins of the disk; anthers free. Ovary

2- very rarely 3—4-celled ; style 0 or short; stigma minute and entire, or

large and 4-lobed, ovules 2 in each cell. Berry ovoid or globose, 1-2-

celled ; cells 1—-2-seeded.— Disrris. About 375 species growing mostly

in the tropics and subtropics of Asia Africa and Polynesia, more rarely

in America.

Note.— The genus Vitis as understood by Messrs. Bentham and Hooker in their

Genera Plantarum and by Mr. Lawson in his account of the Indian species in

Hooker’s Flora of British India, comprises various plants which many botanical

writers (and among others M. Planchon) distribute into genera which, as it

appears to me, are founded on characters rather insufficient to warrant generic rank,

although sufficient to form the bases of sections of one large broadly-marked genus.

As the species treated of here are numerous and not very easy of identification,

I have made two keys for them; the first drawn up under four sections which are

considered genera by M. Planchon in his monograph of the Ampelidee in M. De

Candolle’s Suites du Prodromus ; the second on the principle followed by Mr. Lawson

in Sir Joseph Hooker's Flora of British India.

Sect. I. Aupztoctssvs. Flowers 4- to 5-merous; disc annular, ad-

herent to the base of the ovary ; style conical, striate, stigma minute ;

inflorescence thyrsoid corymbiform or cymose, the peduncle often

tendril-bearing.

Inflorescence thyrsoid; leaves simple .. lL. V. barbata.

Inflorescence spicate or paniculate-spicate, the

flowers in fascicles or solitary ace .. 2. V. macrostachya.

Inflorescence an elongated pendulous raceme

of short spikes.

Leaves simple.

Sparsely strigose on both surfaces . & Ve gracilis.

-Densely cinnamoneous-tomentose on the

lower surface... oa we 4. V. cinnamonea.

386. G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

Leaves digitate.

Both surfaces of leaflets glabrous -.. 5. V. polystachya.

Upper surfaces of leaflets glabrous except

the midrib and main nerves.

Lower surface with pale cobwebby

pubescence ee 6. V. polythyrsa.

Lower surface re Hy pibescent

Main nerves of leaflets 5 to 8 pairs,

flowers oblong; fruit obovoid-oblong,

slightly angled oe . %. V. thyrsiflora.

Main nerves of leaflets 8 to 10 pairs,

-flowers sub-globular; fruit oblong,

boldly 3- to4-angled ... ' 44. 8. V. compositifolia.

Upper surfaces of Jeaflets minutely rugu-

lose- papillose, each papilla ending in a

short hair si So woe Deh Winelem mans

Sect. LI. iraaricmeaie. Weavers 4-merous, expanding; disc ad-

herent to base of ovary; style very short; stigma large, dilated, 4-lobed ;

eynves axillary, corymbiform and not tendril-bearing.

Leaves simple abo .. 10. V. Scortechiniz.

Leaves digitately 3- roneinee! ;

Leaflets glabrous on the upper surface,

glaucous on the lower .. ll. V. peduncularis,

Leaflets glabrous on both entices: not

_ glaucous.

Flowers only ‘05 in. long; seeds convex

on one surface, 3-ridged on the other ... 12. V. andamanica.

Flowers ‘1 in. long.

Fruit dry; seeds 3-sided, excavated

on.one side ... 13. V. Wray.

Fruit pulpy ; seeds Spenprenseds grooved

in front s . 14. V. Lawsont.

Leaves 3- to 5- foliolates leaflets pinbrous.

Fruit pulpy ; seeds compressed, concave on

one surface, convex and rugulose on the other 15. V. lanceolaria.

Fruit dry; seeds obovoid, slightly com-

pressed, shortly beaked, not rugulose, verti-

cally grooved on both surfaces ... .. 16. V. Kunstleri.

Sect. III]. Ampxrzopsis. Flowers 5-merous; disc cupular;. style

subulate, stigma entire; cymes leaf-opposed, usually dichotomous, not

tendril-bearing.

Leaves digitately 3-foliolate Son w. 17. V. semicordata.

Leaves pinnate or bipinnate sot ww. 18. V. cantoniensis.

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 387

Sect. IV. Czssvs. Flowers 4-merous, petals more or less calyp-

triform; disc 4-lobed; style subulate; stigma minute; «nflorescence

eymose or corymbiform, leaf-opposed, not tendril-bearing.

Leaves simple; flowers in umbellate cymes.

Stems thick, succuleut, 4-winged ... ue 195.1, quadrangularis.

Stems herbaceous or woody.

Leaves pubescent underneath, ovate-rotund,

with rusty or rufescent pubescence BAUS

Leaves quite glabrous.

Flowers not more than °1 in. long.

Leaves coriaceous ; their bases rounded

or cuneate, not cordate ; fruit obovoid,

black ve eg oils

Leaves membranous, Senay colonel

on the upper surface, ovate-lanceolate

‘or lanceolate, their bases usually

cordate rarely cuneate or rounded ;

fruit red Ses nae Bon, PEP

~ Leaves membranous, broadly ovate,

green, their bases deeply and widely

cordate ; fruit globose or obovoid ... 23.

Flowers more than ‘1 in. long; leaves

rounded, sub-truncate or slightly sub-

cordate at the base: fruit nearly 1 in.

in diam. ata noo Oe

Flowers ‘2 in. or more in lente leaves

sagittate, sub-hastate or sub-truncate at

the base; fruit °15 in. in diam, eae Oe

__ Leaves trifoliolate.

_~ Leaflets more or less softly tomentose seen os

Leaflets slightly pubescent on both surfaces 27.

Leaves 3- to 5-foliolate ; leaflets glabrous or

_ pubescent; seeds triangular with one side

convex and very rugose yey

Leaves pedately 7- to Giesiolute, Sanaa:

seeds globular with one side truncate nao) Aas

V, adnata.

V. furcata.

V. discolor.

V. repens.

V. cerasiformis.

V. glaberrima.

V. mollissima.

V. trifolia.

V. guponica.

V. novemfolia.

1. Viris BARBaTA, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey, II, 478.

“Stems woody; the branches terete, sparsely covered with long dark

subulate bristles and also some pale soft cobwebby hairs. Leaves

ovate-reniform, with shortly acuminate apex and deeply cordate base,

the edges unequally sinuate-dentate; upper surface when young with

some scattered flexuose pale hairs especially on the nerves, when adult

388 G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

glabrous or nearly so; the lower surface woolly on the nerves and with

scattered hairs between, often glabrescent when old; main nerves 6 or

7 pairs, spreading, the lower one or two pairs much curved and branch-

ing outwards; length 6 to 10 in., breadth 4:5 to 9 in.; petiole 2°5 to 6

in., with pubescence like the young branches, becoming glabrous with

age. Inflorescence thyrsoid, sericeous-tomentose, 4 to 6 in. long, on an

equally long peduncle bearing a long once or twice dichotomous tendril

clothed with wool and bristles. Flowers 4-merous, on short pedicels.

Calyx cupular, glabrous like the separating petals. Berry pedicelled,

globular, *3 in. in diam., smooth, with scanty pulp and 3 or 4 com-

pressed plano-convex shining seeds grooved on the plane surface and

slightly rugulose on the convex. Wall. Cat. 5997, 5995 C,and D;

Lawson in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 651 in part; Kurz For. Flora Bur-

ma, I, 276. Ampelocissus barbata, Planch. in DC. Mon. Phan. V, 372.

V. lanata Laws. (not of Roxb.) Fl. Br. Ind. I, 651, in part.

Andamans: King’s Collectors. Distris. Burma, Sylhet, Assam,

and the base of the Hastern Himalaya.

Var. trilobata, leaves 3-lobed, pubescence rufous.

Perak: King’s Collector, No. 1768. Disrriz. Siam, Timor,

This species is distinguished by the mixture of soft pale hairs and

dark subulate bristles with which the young stems petioles and ten-

drils are covered. The species is really an excellent one; but it has

been misunderstood owing I believe mainly to a mistake of Wallich

its author who issued, under the name V. barbata, specimens which

bore the same number (5994) as his species V. rugosa, and which really

belong to V. rugosa. As a rule. the pubescence of V. barbata is pale

brown, and not rufescent. But in the Perak specimens the pubescence

is pale ferrugineous, and the leaves moreover are slightly three-lobed,

In other respects the Perak plant agrees with specimens from Burma,

the Andamans and Sylhet. V. rugosa, to which this species is un-

doubtedly allied, appears however to be quite different. It has not the

characteristic bristles of V. barbata, and its pubescence is always ru-

fescent. V. rugosa has really little affinity with V. lanata, Roxb. to

which it has been reduced by Lawson and others.

2. Vitis MacrostacHya, Miq.in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. I, 94. All

parts quite glabrous; branches slender, sub-compressed, angled, not

winged. Leaves coriaceous, shining, broadly ovate or oblong, shortly and

abruptly acuminate, the edges with a few distant short exserted spinous

teeth, the base rounded, the reticulations minute and distinct on both

surfaces when dry; main nerves 5 or 6 pairs, spreading; length 3-to

6 in., breadth 2 to 3:25 in., petioles 1:2 to 1°8 in. Spikes very narrow,

much longer than the leaves, often in lax panicles, pendulous. Flowers

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 389

sessile or sub-sessile, solitary or in fascicles of 2 or 3, 4-merous; buds

sub-globose, under *] in. long. Calyx cup-shaped. Erwit oblong, succulent:

seeds two, large, plano-convex, rugese. Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind.

I, 650. Cissus spicifera, Griff. Notulae 1V, 963. Wall. Cat. 7468 indeterm.

Nothocissus spicigera, Planch. in DC. Mon. Phan. V, 406.

Malacca, Griffith (No. 1500 K. D.); Derry No. 387; Maingay, No. 426

(K. D.), Harvey. Singapore: Wallich ; Ridley, No. 5585. Penang,

Porter. Perak: King’s Collector, Nos. 2078, 3201, 6238, 10309: Wray,

No. 2164; Scortechini, No. 482. Disrris. Sumatra.

Strictly speaking the name of this should perhaps be Vitis speci-

fera. It is quite unlike any other Malayan Vitis and can be recognised

at once.

3. Vriris Graciiis, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey, Il, 477.

Stems slender, terete, not jointed, covered with sparse long rusty

fiexuose deciduous hair. Leaves broadly ovate-rotund, shortly acumi-

nate; the base usually cordate, rarely sub-truncate, the edges with

exserted bristle-teeth: upper surface sparsely strigose, the nerves

pubescent: under surfaces very sparsely strigose, the nerves bristly-

pubescent: main nerves 4 or 5 pairs, curving upwards, the lower pair

. branching outward; length 2°5 to 35 in., breadth 1:5 to 2-75 in.;

petiole 1 to 1°5 in,, rusty-sericeous. Inflorescence a slender pendulous

raceme of short sub-horizontal spikes borne on a long slender tendril,

the rachises rusty-sericeous. Flowers small, 4-merous, quite glabrous.

Fruit elliptic, smooth, glabrous, red, somewhat 3-angled, about ‘5 in.

long, with scanty pulp, and 4 large compressed seeds boldly ridged on

the inner surface. Wall. Cat. No. 6007; Lawson in Hook. fil. Fl. Br.

Ind. J, 653. Anpelocissus gracilis, Planch. in DC. Mon. Phan. V, 407.

Singapore: Wallich; Ridley, No. 1922. Selangor, Ridley, No, 328.

Malacca; Derry. Perak: King’s Collector, No. 10274; Wray, No. 1343.

4, Viris cinnamMonea, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey, II, 483.

. Stems woody, channelled on one side, not jointed, yellowish or rusty-

tomentose. Leuves cortaceous, ovate-reniform, sometimes 3-lobed, occa-

sionally 3-partite, the apex or the lobes if present shortly acuminate,

the edges sinuate-dentate with bristle points, or entire with exserted

bristle-teeth ; upper surface glabrous, dark olivaceous when dry, the

lower uniformly cevered with a thin closely adherent layer of dense

cinnamoneous tomentum ; main nerves 5 or 6 pairs, curving, spreading,

prominent, the lower pair much branched outwards; length 5 to 7 in.,

breadth 4 to 5 in.; petioles 2°5 to 3 in., tomentose. Inflorescence a slender

pendulous raceme of short sub-horizontal spikes borne on a long

peduncle from the slender tendril, much longer than the leaves, rufous

tomentose. #lowers sessile, glabrous, 4-merous, the buds sub-glebular,

J. u. 50

390 G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

Calyx eupular. Berry sub-globular, 3 angled, -4 in. in diam., with very

scanty pulp and a single obcordate seed with muricate margius. Wall.

Oat. 5989 A; Lawson in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. E, 659: Ampelocissua

cinnamonea, Planch. in DC. Mon. Phan. V, 403.

Penang: Wallich. Singapore: Ridley. Johore; King. Perak:

Scortechini, Wray, King’s Collector,—a common plant.

5. WVITIS POLYSTACHYA, Wall. Cat. No. 6028 in part. Stems glabrous,

the older with thick corky lenticellate bark. Leaves 5- to 9-foliolate, oftem

pedate; eommon petiole 3 in. or more in length: leaflets coriaceous,

elliptie-oblong with euneate bases, the apices cuspidate, the edges dis-

tantly serrate; both surfaces pale when dry, the upper shining, the

lower dull and with a few scattered dark pustules: main lateral nerves

7 to 10 pairs, ascending; length 4 to 12in., breadth 1:5 to 4 in., petio-

Iules °5 to -°75 in. Inflorescence as in V. thyrsiflora, but much longer,

(1 to 2 feet) with only a few flexuose pale hairs. Fruit globose, succulent,

‘75 in. in diam. Lawson in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 662. Ampelocissus

polystachya, Planch. in DC. Mon. Phan, V, 411.

Malacca: Griffith, No, 182]; Maingay, No. 420.

A species of which I have seen no good specimen, It is closely

allied to V. thyrstflora from which the longer inflorescence and general

absence of Bebescence distinguish it. It is also allied to V. poly-

thyrsa, Migq.

6. Vuiris poLyTHyrsa, Mig. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. I, 89. Young.

stems much warted and (like the petioles, petiolules, tendrils, inflores-

cence and under surfaces of the leaves) with pale, rarely rusty, rather

scanty, cobwebby pubescence. Leaves 5- or often pedately 7-foliolate,

the common petiole 3 to 5 in. long: leaflets coriaceous, elliptic or

elliptic-oblong, usually with rounded (sometimes slightly oblique)

bases, the middle one or two often with cuneate bases, the apices of alk

suddenly and shortly acuminate; the margins, except at the base,

remotely and unequally crenate and with exserted teeth ; upper surfaces

glabrous except the Babescans midrib and nerves; length 3 to 7 in.,

breadth 1°5 to 3 in.; petiolules “5 to 1 in., the outer the shorter.

Inflorescence as in V. thyrsiflora, but with cobneboe usually pale,

Bap essen as Flowers asin V. thyrsiflora. Fruit sub-globular, glabrous,

5 in. in diam., when ripe green with a red flush. Seeds 4, compressed,

concave on one side, ridged on the other.

Perak: Wray, Scortechini, Ridley, No. 2999, King’s Collector,

Nos. 2169, 6403. Johore: Ridley, No, 4178. Disrris. Sumatra, Korthals.

This species comes very near to, V. thyrsiflora, Miq., but differs

notably in the character of its pubescence. There is in the Caleutta

Herbarium an original specimen of V. polystachya, Miq., named by the

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 391

author himself, and there is no doubt that the Perak plant is quite the

same, _{ believe also that the Bornean species V. Mottleyi described

by Sir Josepk Hooker in 1862 (linn. Trans. XXIII, 165) is also the

same: and, if this is so, Sir Joseph’s name being the earlier must stand.

V. nitidi, Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 662 should also, I believe, be

reduced here.

7. Vitis THYRSIFLORA, Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lued. Bat. 1, 88 (excl.

var. B.) Young stems, petioles, petiolules, tendrils ahd inflorescence

densely rusty-tomentose. eaves 5- to 7-foliolate, the common petiole

3 to 6 in. long; leaflets coriaceous, obovate-oblonge or oblong, with

euneate bases, the otter two oblique, the apices of all shortly and

abruptly caudate-acuminate ; the edges in the upper half with hard

eylindric exserted teeth, im the lower half entire: upper surface glab-

rous except the tomentose midrib and nerves ; the lower rusty-pubescent ;

main nerves 5 to § pairs, ascending, prominent beneath and ending in

the bristle teeth on the edge; transverse veins distinct; length 3-7 to 7

in., breadth 1°75 to 2°75 in.; petiolules °5 to l in., those of the middle

leaflets longest. Inflorescence a slender pendulous raceme of short

horizontal spikes borne on a peduncle shorter than itself and proceeding

from a leaf-opposed tendril: Flowers sessile, oblong, 4-merous, glab-

rous. Calyx truncate, petals expanding: Fruit obovoid-oblong, slightly

angled, glabrous, with little pulp, about °75 in. long; seeds 4. Cissus

thyrsiflora, Blume Bijd. 187; Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. 453; Miq. FL Ind.

Bat. Vol. I, Pt. 2; 604. Armpelocissus thyrsiflora, Planch. in Mon. Phan.

V, 409 (excl. syn. Vitis cinnamonea, Wall. and V. elegans, Kurz).

Perak: Scortechini, Nos. 121, 266; Wray, Nos. 1925, 1937, 2551;

King’s Collector, Nos. 509, 2033, 6366. Selangor: Ridley, No. 319.

8. Virts compositirotiA, Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 659.

Young stems and petioles covered with soft felted semi-deciduous

rufous or rusty tomentum. Leaves quinate, the common petiole 6 to 15

in. long; leaflets oblanceolate or obovate-elliptic, the two outer often

oblique, the apices of all abruptly and shortly cuspidate, the edges

with remote exserted bristle-teeth in their upper half, entire in the

lower; the basés of the inner leaflets cuneate, those of the outer two

unequal, the outer side rounded; upper surface finely reticulate,

glabrous, but with a few scattered hairs on the nerves, the midrib

pubescent; lower surface uniformly and densély rufous-tomentose: main

nerves 8 to 10 pairs, spreading, curved ; length 6 to 10 in., breadth 2°75

to 4 in., petiolules 5 to "75 in. Inflorescence a slender pendulous raceme

of short sub-herizontal spikes borne on a long peduncle and proceeding

from a leaf-opposed tendril longer than the leaves, rufous-tomentose

like the stems : flowers sub-globular, sessile, immersed in the tomentum of

392 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (No. 3,

the rachis but themselves perfectly glabrous, 4-merous: calyx truncate,

petals expanding. Fruit oblong, 3-4-angled, glabrous, 5 to °75 in. long ;

when ripe red, with scanty pulp and 3 or 4 plano-convex seeds, the

convex surface angular. V. cinnunionea, var. compositifolia, Wall. Cat.

5989 B. <Ampelopsis compositifolia, Planch. in DC. Mon. Phan. V, 412.

Penang: Wallich. Malacca: Maingay (Kew Distrib.), No, 418;

Perak : King’s Collector, Nos. 826 and 5230; Scortechini.

9. Vitis ELEGANS, Kurz in Nat. Tijdsch. Ned. Ind. XXVIII, 166.

Young stems, petioles, tendrils and inflorescence covered with dense

reddish-brown tomentum. Leaves 3-foliolate, often pedately or digi-

tately 5-foliolate, the common petiole 3 or 4 in. long; leaflets coriaceous,

trapezoid-oblong or broadly oblong-lanceolate, much narrowed to tlie

base, the outer two often very unequal-sided with broad sub-truncate

or sub-cordate bases, the apices of all acute or sub-acute, and the

edges with remote shallow crenations and exserted bristle-teeth ; upper

surface covered with minute conical rugae each ending in a short white

hair, the midrib and nerves rusty-tomentose: lower surface uniformly

covered with dense short rusty tomentum; main nerves 6 or 7 pairs,

the outer lower nerve in the lower pair of leaflets branching outwards ;

length 3 to 6 in., breadth 1°75 to 3 in.; petiolules °5 in., subequal. Jn-

florescence as in V. compositifolia, but rather shorter and stouter; the

flower buds oblong. Fruit unknown. Kurz Journ. As. Soc. Bengal,

1870 pt. 2, 74; Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 659.

Singapore: Walker, Ridley, Hullettand others. Johore: Hullettand

King. Malacca: Maingay (Kew Distrib.), No. 417. Disrris.—Bangka.

This resembles V. compositifolia Laws., but has more coriaceous

leaves, rugulose-pubescent on the upper surface, and with shorter petioles.

The inflorescence of this is also shorter and stouter, and the flower-buds

are oblong rather than globular. The tomentum of this is shorter and

less cobwebby and is of a darker colour. Planchon identifies this with

Cissus thyrsiflora Bl. and it forms part of his Ampelocissus thyrsiflora,

(DC. Mon. Phan. V, 409)—a reduction which he could hardly have pro-

posed had he seen specimens of C. elegans. For although the two have

many points of resemblance, their leaves are very different, those of

C. elegans having their upper surfaces minutely rugulose-papillate,

each papilla ending in a short white hair; while in C. thyrsijlora,

Blume the upper surface is smooth and glabrous except the nerves.

10. Viris Scorrecuini, King n. sp. Branches woody, terete,

glabrous, scaberulous, not jointed. Leaves coriaceous, oblong-ovate,

sometimes oblique and rarely broad at the base and with two unequal

lobes about the middle, the apex shortly acuminate, the base minutely

cordate; the edges sub-entire, waved and slightly recurved, sometimes

—

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 393

obscurely serrate ; upper surfaces glabrous, the lower softly and shortly

cimereous-pubescent especially on the nerves; main nerves about 8

pairs, curved, spreading, prominent on the lower surface; length 5 to

7 in., breadth 2°5 to 35 in., petiole °75 to 1:25 in. Cymes compact,

many-flowered, umbellate, about 1 in. in diam., on a peduncle °5 to 1 in.

long, minutely rusty-tomentose. Flowers small, pedicellate, 4-merous ;

petals minutely tomentose externally. Fruit globular, smooth, °25 in. in

diam., with scanty pulp and usually only one perfect seed, waxy-white

when ripe.

Perak: Scortechini; King’s Collector, Nos. 2897, 4644, 5942.

Var. pubescens, young stems pubescent, lower surface of leaves

tomentose. ;

Perak: King’s Collector, No. 5998.

11. Vitis pepunconaris, Wall. Cat. 6024. Stems stout, woody, with

lenticellate brown bark, the youngest rusty-pubescent. Leaves 3-foliolate,

the common petiole 3 to 6in. long; leaflets petiolulate, coriaceous,

broadly ovate or elliptic, the lateral pair oblique, all shortly cuspidate,

the edges crenate-serrate; the base of the lateral pair unequal-sided,

that of the lateral cuneate; upper surface glabrous, shining; the

lower sub-glaucous, reticulate; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, prominent

on the lower surface, bearing a few scattered hairs; length 3:5 to 5°5

in., breadth 2 to 3 in.; petiolules of the lateral leaves °5 in. long, of

the terminal about °75 in., all stout; tendrils simple. Cymes from the

old wood, when in flower much shorter than the leaves, when in fruit

almost as long, on long peduncles, umbellate, much branched in the

upper part, covered with coarse short rusty pubescence. Flowers small,

numerous, 4-merous. Calyx very short, flat. Petals pubescent, conjoined

at first, their apices forming small divergent pointed processes, afterwards

separating. Stigma 4-lobed. Fruit globular, somewhat depressed, °25 in.

in diam., red when ripe, 2- to 3-seeded ; seeds triangular-obovoid. Laws.

in Hook. fil. Fl. Brit. Ind. I, 655. V. pubiflora, Mig. in Ann. Mus.

Lugd. Bat. I, 74. Cissus pubiflora, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 516.

Tetrastigma ? pedunculare, Planch. in DC. Mon. Phan. V, 438.

Penang :«Wallich. Malacca: Maingay (Kew Distrib.), No. 423.

Perak: Scortechini, No. 207; Wray, No, 366; King’s Collector, Nos.

3521, 3970, 5087, 5364. Distrip.—Sumatra.

A species readily distinguished at a glance by its many-flowered

much-branched cymes emerging from the old stems, and by its coriaceous

leaves glaucous and boldly reticulate beneath. The petals are at first

conjoined, except their apices which diverge: afterwards they separate

and spread slightly from the base.

12. Viris AnpamANnicAa, King, n. spec. All parts, except the

394 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

inflorescence, glabrous ; young branches striate, lenticellate, black when

dry. Leaves thinly coriaceous, oblong to elliptic, 3-foliolate or pedately

4. to 5-foliolate, shortly cuspidate, the edges with remote shallow teeth ;

main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, spreading, thin, slightly prominent on the

upper surface ; length 4°65 to 6 in., breadth 2 to 3°5 in., petiolules ‘4 to

‘85 in. Cymes axillary, many-flowered, much branched, spreading,

about 1°5 in. in diam., puberulous, on peduncles shorter than themselves.

Flowers small, buds oblong and about °05 in. long, 4-merous, the ealyx

truncate, the petals rusty-puberulous outside. Iruit globular-ovoid,

glabrous, *3 in. in diam., with very scanty pulp and a single large sub-

compressed seed grooved on one face and 3-ridged on the other.

Andaman Islands: King’s Collectors.

A species allied to V. peduncularis Wall. and of which very few

specimens have as yet been obtained.

15. Vitis Wrayi, n. sp. King. Stems slender, terete, puberulous

when young. Leaves 3-foliolate; common petiole 1 to 2 im. long;

leaflets membranous, oblong-lanceolate, the middle one the largest ;

the laterals oblique, expanding towards the outer side, all shortly

acuminate and coarsely and remotely serrate except at the cuneate

base: main nerves 5 or 6 pairs, not prominent, spreading, eurved;

length 2°5 to 6 in.; breadth | to 2 in.; petiolules of the lateral leaflets

2 to ‘4 in., of the central ‘5 to 1°25 in. : tendrils slender, forked. Cymes

slender, axillary, umbellate, spreading, 1 to 2 in. in diam., on slender

pedicels shorter than themselves. Flowers ‘lin. long. Caly# flat, with

4 obscure teeth, pubescent. Petals 4, oblong; pubescent. Fruit dépressed-

globular, glabrous, red when ripe, -45 in. in diam., with soft fleshy

epicarp. Seeds 2 or 3, oblong, compressed, smooth, 3-sided, slightly

convex on one side and with an oblong mark, flattened on the other two

sides, one of them excavated and the concavity closed by a membrane,

the other side plane.

Perak: Scortechini, No. 426. King’s Collector, Nos. 2847; 4050,

5120, 6426: Wray, Nos. 2749, 3945.

This in some respects resembles V. novemfolia, but its leaves are

only 3-foliolate, and its seeds are different. :

14, WVWrrrs Lawson, King. Young stems rather slender, tubercled

as are usually the older stems. Leaves 3-foliolate : common petiole 1:25 to

4 in. long, glabrous: leaflets oblong, tapering to each end; acuminate,

the margins (except at the entire bases) remotely crenate-serrate, often

very obscurely so; both surfaces glabrous; main nerves € to 8 pairs,

obseure ; length 2°5 to 4:in., breadth 1 to 1‘5 in., petiolules -25 to *5 m.

Oymes smalJ, 1 in. in diam., or less, dense, subsessile or on peduncles

‘25 to 1 in. long’: tendrils free from thé cymés, slender, often absent.

1896.] G. King—Materials for w Flora of the Mulayan Peninsula. 395

Flowers rather more than ‘1 in. long, calyx truncate or obscurely

4-toothed. Petals 4, white. Fruit sub-globular, smooth, pulpy; seeds

3 or 4, compressed, grooved in fruit. Vitis tubereulata, Lawson (not of

Wall.) in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 656. Cissus tuberculata, Bi. Bijdr.

189; Mig. F). Ind. Bat. Vol. J, pt. 2, 604. sub Tetrastigma lanceolarium,

Planch. DC. Mon. Phan. V, 424. . :

Penang: Curtis, Nos. 1580. Perak: Scortechini, No, 269. Wray,

No. 1926, 2017, 2247. King’s Collector, Nos. 1852, 3047, 3081, 6287,

61354. ; ;

This is no doubt closely allied to Vitis lanceolaria, Wall. to which

Planchon reduces it. But the smaller and globular fruits, smaller

leaves with fewer nerves, and the general absence of tendrils distinguish

it well. This is the plant which Blume called Cissus tuberculata ; but

it is not the Vitis twberculata of Wallich which becomes Vitis rumicisper-

ma, Lawson. For this species Mr. Lawson keeps Blume’s specific name,

but he changes its generic name to Vitis—a course which I regret

to be unable to follow, first because there is an earlier Cissus tuber-

culata than Blume’s, (viz., that of Jacquin dating from the years 1797 to

1804 during which that author’s Hortus Schoenbrunnensis was published,

and which is therefore the plant to which any author who reduces

Cissus to. Vitis ought to give the name V. /uberculata) ; second, because

Blume did not call his plant Vitis tuberculata but Cissus twberculata.

15, Vuiris Lanceonazta, Wall. Cat. 6013 (most of the letters).

Whole plant except the inflorescence glabrous: stems sometimes boldly

tuberculate. Leaves usually 3-foliolate, sometimes pedately 5-foliolate :

common petiole 2 to 5 inches long; leaflets softly coriaceous, oblong

or elliptic-oblong, tapering to each end, sometimes obovate-oblong,.

always shortly caudate-acuminate and the edges with remote shallow

teeth; main nerves 6 to 10 pairs, spreading, slightly winged on the

lower surface: length 45 to 6in., breadth 1°75 to 2°75 in., petiolules

‘4 to 75 in. Cymes.axillary, puberulous, spreading, about 1°5 in. across,

on peduncles shorter than themselves. Yendrils rather short, forked.

Flowers 4-merous, the stigma 4-lobed. Pruit globose-ovoid, as large as a

cherry, white when ripe, pulpy, 1- or 2-seeded; the seeds compressed,

concave on one surface, rugulose. W.and A. Prod. 128; Wight Ic. 177;

Brand. For. Flora 101; Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 660: (ix

part); Kurz For. Flora. Burma, I, 272: Trimen Flora Ceylon, I,

296. Tetrastigma lanceolarium, Planch. in DC. Mon. Phan. V, 424,

Vitis muricata, Wall. Cat. 6015; W. and A. Prod. 128; Wight Ic. 740.

Cissus lanceolaria, Roxb. Fl. Ind. I, 412: DC. Prod. I, 632; Graham

Cat. Bomb. Pl. 33; Thwaites Enum, Pl. Ceyl. 63, Cissus muricata,

var. minor. Thwaites Enum. 63.

396 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

Penang: Curtis, No. 685, King. Singapore: Ridley, No. 5711.

Perak : Scortechini, No. 102; Wray, No. 1889. Andamans: bait King’s

Collectors. Disrris. Java, Suniatte, British India.

Very good sreynetors to distinguish this from its allies are that

the main nerves of the leaves are in dried specimens winged on the

lower surface, and that the fruit is white when ripe.

16. Wiris Kunstirert, King n. sp. Whole plant except the in-

florescence glabrous. Stems slender, the younger not lenticellate and

the older sparsely so. Leaves pedately 5-foliolate, common petiole 2

to 3 in. long, slender; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, shortly and abruptly

acuminate, narrowed to the base, the outer two rounded at the base on

the outer side; main nerves 7 to 9 pairs, prominent and slightly pale

on the lower surface; midrib stout, pale and prominent beneath : length

2°5 to 45 in., breadth 1'1 in. to 1°75 in. ; petiolules of the lateral leaflets

‘25 in., of the othersabout 1 in. Cymes axillary, many-flowered, branch-

ing, condensed, about 1°5 in. across, on peduncles shorter than them-

selves, puberulous. Flowers ‘1 in. long, oblong in bud, 4-merous; the

calyx flat, obscurely toothed, petals puberulous outside; stigma broad,

4-lobed. Fruit globular, glabrous, -35 in. in diam., without pulp: seeds

2, obovoid, slightly compressed, transversely rugulose, with a short beak

and a vertical groove on each side, that in front being the deepest and

having two narrow ridges on it, ‘20 in. long.

Perak: King’s Collector, Nos. 2790, 8027: Scortechini. Pahang:

Ridley, No. 2835.

A species allied to V. andamanica, King; also closely allied to V.

pycnantha, Coll, and Hemsl., from which however it differs in its larger

size and very different seeds; the seed of that species being longer

(35 in. long), more compressed, less prominently grooved, and less

rugulose.

17, Vitis semi-corpara, Wall. var. Scortechinii. Whole plant

glabrous; stems dark-coloured when dry, lenticellate, without tendrils.

Leaves 3-foliolate ; common petiole 3°5 to 5 in. long: leaflets coriaceous,

the middle obovate rarely ovate, the two outer elliptic, oblique; the

apices of all shortly cuspidate; the edges coarsely crenate-serrate

except in the lower third, the middle leaflet cuneate at the base, the

other two more or less rounded outside and oblique inside at the base ;

both surfaces minutely reticulate, the lower paler: main nerves 6 or 7

pairs, rather prominent beneath, arching upwards; length 4 to 5 in,

breadth 2°5 to 3°5 in. ; petiolules of the lateral leaflets -1 to -2 in., that

of the middle one twice as much. Cymes leaf-opposed, umbellately

panicled, glabrous, 2 to 2°5 in. in diam. (much wider in fruit), on pedun-

cles 15 to 2 in. long. Flowers dicecious, numerous; buds oblong, *15

1896.] G. King—Muterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 397

in. in length, pentamerous; the calyx flat, obscurely toothed ; petals

pale outside, glabrous, oblong. Ripe fruit ovoid, glabrous, smooth,

black, -25 in. long; seeds 2 or 3, if 2 plano-convex, if 3 triangular-

convex.

Perak: Scortechini, 313, 317.—Duisteis. Java. Forbes, Nos. 823, 983.

Scortechini’s specimens are in fruit only, and Forbes’s are in flower

and have no fruits. But the two sets are so absolutely identical in

other respects, that I have ventured (quite contrary to my usual

practice) to describe the flowers from one set and fruit from another

set of specimens. The species of which this is a variety was first

issued by Wallich as No. 6020 of his catalogue, and was described by

him in his own and Carey’s edition of Roxburgh’s Flora Indica J, 481,

(1824). In his Illustrations of Himalaya Botany (1839), Royle pub-

lished what is really only a glabrous form of it under the name Cissus

himalayana, which Sir D. Brandis in his Forest Flora of the North-

West Provinces of India reproduces as Vitis Himalayana. Lawson in

Hooker’s Flora of British India accepts Brandis’s name as that of the

species, and uses Wallich’s trivial name semi-cordata to designate, as a

variety, the form which Wallich published as a species. ‘his state of

matters I therefore propose to amend as follows :—

Vitis semi.cordata, Wall. Cat. 6020; in Roxb. FI. Ind., ed. Carey

and Wall. 7, 481. V. Himalayana, Brandis, var. semi-cordata, Laws. in

Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 656. Parthenocissus. semi-corduta, Planch. in

DC. Mon. Phan. V, 451. ;

Var. 1 Roylet. Vitis Himalayana, Brandis For. Flora 100; Laws.

l. c. 655. Ampelopsis Himalayana, Royle Ill. Him. Bot. 149. A. neil-

gheirensis, Wight Ic. 965. Cissus Himalayana, Walp. Rep. I, 441. All

parts glabrous, Jeaves membranous ; flowers less than 15 in. long.

Var. 2., Scortechinit. All parts glabrous; leaves obscurely ser-

rate-crenate, sometimes almost entire, coriaceous; flowers ‘15 in. long.

18. Vitis canronrensis, Seem. Bot. Herald 370. Whole plant

glabrous. Stem slender, cylindric. Leaves unequally pinnate, or the

lower pair of pinnae ternately compound ; common petiole from ‘5 to

1 in. long; leaflets small, membranous, glaucous beneath, lanceolate

or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, remotely serrate in the upper two-thirds,

entire and cuneate in the lower third; main nerves 3 or 4 pairs, faint ;

length °75 to 15 in., rarely 2 in.; breadth °5 to °75 in., petiolules -] to

‘2in. Cymes umbellately-corymbose, dichotomous, about *75 in. across,

their peduncles about 1°5 to 2 in. long. Flowers sub-globular, ‘1 in. long,

5-merous. Calyx cupular, obscurely toothed. Petals thick, oblong ;

disc fleshy, 5-lobed. Fruit obovoid, glabrous, ‘25 in. long, without pulp.

Seeds 3 or 4, the back rounded, the face wedge-shaped. Laws. in Hook.

J At, ol

398 G. King—-Melerials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (No. 3,

fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 663. Cissus cantoniensis, Hook. et Arn. Bot. of

Beechey’s Voyage 175; @. diversifolia, Walp. in Noy. Act. Acad. Leop.

Car. Nat. Cur. XIX, Suppl. I.; Repert. Bot. Syst. V, 377; Pi. Meyen.

314. Ampelopsis Cantoniensis, Plauch. in DC. Mon. Phar V, 460.

Hedera hypogluuca, Hance in Walp. Ann. I, 724.

Malacca: Griffith. Perak: Scortechini, No. 234; King’s Collector,

No. 2285.—Distris. China, Cochin-China,

19. Vitis guapRanaunaris, Wall. Cat. 5992. Stems fleshy, much

contracted at the nodes, 4-winged, glabrous, leafless except when young.

Leaves broadly cordate or reniform, sometimes 2-3-lobed, creuate-serrate,

glabrous. Cymes on short peduncles, with spreading umbellate branclies ;

flowers in umbels, glabrous, 4-merous. Berry globose, suceulent,

veddish-black when ripe, acrid. W. & A. Prodr. 125; Wight Ie. t. 51;

Brand. For. Fl. 100; Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 645. Cissus

edulis, Dalz. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ix. 248; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb.

Fl. 40; Thwaites Enum. 62. Cissus quadrangularis, Linn. Mant. 39;

Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 407; DC. Prodr. i. 628; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 33 ;

Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 39; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Vol. I, pt. 2, 606;

Planch. in DC. Mon. Phan. V, 509. Seelanthus quadragonous, Forsk,

Deser. 33, t. 2.—Rheede Hort. Mal. vii. t. 41.

Malacca, Andaman Islands,—Distr1s. British India, Ceylon, Jaya,

Hast Africa.

20. Vitis apnata, Wall. Cat. 0998. Stems woody below; the young

shoots more or less minutely rusty-tomentose, sub-terete "whew fresh

but slightly furrowed. Leaves ovate-rotund, shortly and sharply acu-

minate, the edges bristle-serrate, the base deeply and widely cordate ;

upper surface sub-glabrous except the pubescent nerves; the lower

rusty-pubescent especially on the midrib and nerves; main nerves

A or 5 pairs, sub-ascending, prominent beneath, the lower pair branching

outward ; length 2°25 to 5in., breadth 1°75 to 4 in., petiole *75 to 2:25

in. Cymes numerous, corymbose, in umbels on peduncles 1 to 2 in. Jong,

about *5 in. across, few-flowered. Flowers ‘1 in. long, 4-merous; calyx

tomentose outside. Berry obovoid-pisiform, glabrous, black when ripe,

succulent, generally one-seeded. W. and A. Prod, 126; Brandis Forest

Flora N. W. Ind. 100; Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Ind. I, 649: Trimen FI.

Ceyl. 290. V. repens, Wall. (not of W. and A.) 5999B. Cissus adnata,

Roxb. Hort. Beng. Fl. Ind. I, 405: DC. Prod. I, 627: Wight. Ie. t.

144: Thwaites Enum. Pl. Ceyl. 62; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 39.

Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. Vol. I, Pt. 2, 606; Planch. in DC. Mon Phan. V, 494.

C. cordata, Wall. Cat. 6001A. ©. pyrrhodasys, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

Suppl. 517. ? C. aristata, Bl. Bijdr. 183.

Malacea: Ridley, No. 1165. Perak: Scortechini, Nos. 129, 1146 ;

1896.] G. Kine—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 399

Kine’s Collector, Nos. 2934; Wray, Nos. 496, 1929.—Disrris. Java,

Sumatra, British India, New Guinea, Cochin China, Madagascar.

21. Vitis rurcara, Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br, Ind. I, 646. Stems:

woody, terete, slightly swollen at the nodes but not jointed, glabrous

as are allthe other parts except the inflorescence. Leaves coriaceous,

broadly ovate, rarely ovate-oblong, shortly and bluntly acuminate, the

edges faintly and remotely serrate, the base broad and reunded or

narrowed and sub-cuneate; both surfaces glabrous, the lower paler ;

main nerves 4 or 5 pairs, spreading, ascending, the lower paix. branch-

ing eutwards; length 2 to 4 in., breadth 1:1 to 25 in. Cymes in

‘spreading panicles shorter than the leaves, puberulous. Flowers 4-

merous, pointed, the buds about ‘Lin. long. Calya truncate, glabrous.

Petals minutely pubescent externally. DPruit obovate, glabrous, black

when ripe with scanty pulp and a single seed, about “35 or *4 in. long

when dry.

Malacca: Maingay (Kew Distrib.), 424; Grifith, No. 1314 ;. Derry,

382. Singapore: G. Thomson; Ridley, No. 4748, Perak : Wray, Nos.

1235, 1430 ; King’s Collector, Nos. 2716, 6315, 6858.—Disrris. Sumatra :

Forbes, No. 2534.

Var. pubescens, branches of the ee 1ufous-pubescent; petals al-

most glabrous externally.

Province Wellesley: King’s Gaieees No. 1606. Perak: King’s

Collector, Nos. 794, 6429, 8402; Scortechini, No. 299.

22. Vuris prscoxor, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. Vol. IJ,

(1850), 39. Stems woody at the base only, glabrous, not glaucous, red

when young, sub-angular. eaves ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, acu-

minate, the edges remotely bristle-serrate, the base usually more or

less deeply cordate, sometimes rounded er cuneate; both surfaces glab-

rous, tlle upper in mest cases variegated with red and white, the lower

purple: main nerves 5 to 7 pairs, the lower pair branching outwards;

length 2°5 to 4 in., breadth -85 to 2 in., petiole *2 to 145 in, Cymes

umbellate on slender peduncles, few-flowered, sparsely rufous-pubescent.

Flowers ‘lin. long, oblong in bud, 4-merous. Calyx truncate, petals

glabrous. Fruit globular, pyriform, glabrous, red when ripe and about

‘2 in. in diam., pulp scanty, seed solitary. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 40;

Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. I, 86; Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. inal

Ee647, °¥. ineequalis, Wall. Cat. 6010; W.& A. Prodr. 125. 275

diversifolia, Wall. Cat. 5996. P YV. costata, Wall. Cat. 6011. Crssus

discelor, Blume Bijd. 181; Bot. Mag. 80, t. 4763; Maiq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Vol. I,

Pt. 2, 606; Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. 453; Planch. in DC. Mon. Phan. V, 496.

Perak: Scortechini. Andamans: King’s Collector.—Disrris. Java,

Sumatra, Cochin-China, British India.

400 G. King—Meaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (No. 8,

There is one form of this in whick the leaves are very nearly

sessile: and in many specimens the upper leaves have short petioles

and rounded bases, while the lower have long petioles aud cordate

bases. As a rule the leaves of this plant are beantifully variegated

on the wpper surface, but individuals are ‘not uncommon in which the

leaves are green.

23. Viris repens, W. and Arn. Prod. FI. Pens. Ind. 124. Stems

sub-terete when fresh, 4-angled when dry, glabrous, the young shoots

glaucous. Leaves pale green, more or less broadly ovate, shortly acu-

minate, the margins wavy and with a few distant setose teeth, the base

deeply and widely cordate; main’ nerves about 4 pairs, the lower

branching outwards; length 25 to 35 im, breadth 1°75 to 3°25 m.,

petiole -75 to 15 mm. COymes few-flowered in shortly pedunculate

eompound umbels or thyrses, pubescent toward the upper part. Flowers

pointed in bud, -1 in. long, 4-merous. Fruit globose or obovoid, *15 in.

in diam. when dry, usualty 1l-seeded with little pulp, its pedicels re-_

curved when ripe. Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. 1, 646; Kurz For.

Flora Burma I, 275. V. glauca, Wall. (not of Roxb.) Cat. 6999 ( for

the most part). Cissus repens, Lamk. Encye. I, 31; DC. Prod. I, 628;

Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. Vol. J, pt. 2,605 ; Planch. in DC. Mon. Phan. V, 504.

? QO. corduta, Roxb. Fl. {nd. I, 407. :

Perak: Wray, Nos. 1215, 1858, 2142. Andamans: King’s Col-

lector.—Disrris. British India, Java.

As was pointed out by Wallich, this differs from V. glaberrima,

Wall. by its more deeply cordate leaves and smaller flowers” Closely.

allied to this must be the species named Cissus pentugona by Roxburgh

(Fl. Ind. I. 408) ; but Roxburgh’s description is too brief to identity a

species by in such a difficult genus as Vitis; and he has unfortunately

left no figure of V. pentagona at Calcutta.

24, ViTIS CeRASIFoRMIS, Teysm. and Binn. in Nat. Tijdsch. Ned.

Ind. XXIX, 251, var. Wallichii, King. Branches with pale shining

bark, obtusely 4-angled, not winged. Leuves oblong to ovate or ovate-

oblong, rounded sub-truncate or shghtly syb-cordate at the base, the apex

shortly and bluntly acuminate; the edges remotely crenate-serrate, the

teeth setose; main nerves 5or 6 pairs, curved, spreading: length 2 to 4

m., breadth 1-2 to 2-4 in., petiole 5 to -75 in. Cymes few-flowered, lax,

ander ‘5 in. in diam., in pedicelled umbels from a common peduncle “5 to

lin. long, sometimes in small thyrses. Flowers large for the genus, 4-mer-

ous; their buds °2 in. long, pointed. Calya cup-shaped, truneate ; petals

coriaceous. Jrwit when ripe as large as a cherry and similarly coloured.

Vitis glaberrima, Wall. 5991 (an part) ; Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind.

1, 646, (in part). Cissus cerasiformis, Planch. in DC. Mon. Phan. V, 621.

ean Ry,

* 4

1896.| G. Kinge—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 401

Siigapore: Ridley, Nos. 1924, 6380, King. Perak: Scortechini.

No. 262; Wray, No. 2858: King’s Collector, Nos. 6212, 10470.—Di1s-

"RIB. Java, Forbes 480; Sumatra Forbes, Nos. 2583, 2861a.

The various specimens to which J have given the varietal name

Wallichit vary somewhat as to the form of their leaves, some having

them oblong with nearly truncate bases, while others have them breadly

ovate with slightly cordate bases. In all, however, the leaves are

broader than these in the typical form found in Java and originally

described by Teysmann and Binnindyk, the bases of which are moreover

cuneate. The large flowers and fruit, both of the typical form and of

the variety Wallichii, however, at once distinguish this from the hastate

or sagittate-leaved species which Wallich confused with it under one

common name as V. glaberrima.

25. Viris GLABERRIMA, Wall. in Roxb. FI. Ind. ed. Carey, II, 476 ;

Cat. 599, (in part). A weal: climber, with herbaceous sub-compressed

4-nngled slightly winged glaucous stems, the bark dark when dry.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, with broadly sagittate-cordate sub-hastate or

sub-truncate bases, always attenuated upwards to the acute apex, the

edges minutely and remotely bristle-serrate-crenulate ; main nerves 4 or

5 pairs, faint, spreading, the lower branching outward; length 2 to

4 in., breadth 1-2 to 1°75 in.; petiole ‘6 to ‘8 or even 1‘5 in. in the

lower leaves. Cymes small, °3 to “6 in. in diam., umbellate on short

pedicels from the apex of a common peduncle ‘4 to 8 in. long. Flowers

4-merous. erry obovoid, 2-seeded, *15 iu. in diam. when dry. W.

and A. Prod. Fl. Pen. Ind. 125; Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 646

(in part). Vitis hustata, Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. I, 85. Vitis sagit-

tifolia, Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind..I, 645. Cissus glaberrima,

Planeh. in DC. Mon. Phan. V, 498. Cissus hastata, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

Suppl. 517. Vitis diffusa, Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 646.

Singapore: Anderson, No. 78; Hullett, No. 230, King. Malacca ;

King. Perak: Scortechini, Wray. Penang; Wallich, King. Kedah ;

Curtis No. 2606. Province Wellesley; King. Andamans and Nicobars ;

King’s Collectors. Drsrris. Sumatra, Bangka.

Under the name V. glaberrima and the number 5991, Wallich

distributed two species of Vitis gathered partly in Penang and partly

in Singapore. These two gatherings are not, as is usual with Wallich

in similar cases, distinguished by letters. On two of the four sheets of

No. 5991 which are now present in the Calcutta Herbarium, ‘‘ Penang”’

is given as the locality; and these agree with the description of the

species Vitis glaberrima from Penang which was published by Wallich in

Carey’s edition of Roxburgh’s Flora Indica. ‘his Penang plant agrees

absolutely with type specimens of Vitis hastata, Miq. and V. sagittifolia,

402 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

Laws. On the third sheet of No. 5991 no locality is noted. On this

sheet is glued down a specimen of a different species which I have

identified as a variety of the one named V. cerasiformis by Teysmann

and. Binnindyk many years after the issue of Wallich’s plants. Tlie

fourth sheet of No. 5991 at Calcutta is occupied by stems of the latter

and a collection of leaves of both the former and latter. The V. glaber-

rima of Wall. Cat. is thus a mixed species ; and as such the name would

have had to be dropped had not Wallich published a description of his

Penang No. 5991 under that name in Carey’s edition of Roxburgh’s Flora.

26. Vitis mouuissima, Wall. in Roxb. FI. Ind. ed. Carey, II, 482.

Stems rather slender, woody, when young softly pubescent, when adult

glabrous and shining. Leaves 3-foliolate; the common petiole 2 to 2°5 in.

long, tomentose; leaflets petiolulate, the lateral pair obliquely elliptic, the

terminal obovate-elliptic, all with shortly acuminate apices, and coarsely

but sparsely serrate or sub-entire edges ; the lateral pair with rounded

or sub-cordate the terminal one with a cuneate base; upper surface

sparsely adpressed-pubescent, the midrib and nerves rusty-tomentose ;

the lower uniformly and softly-tomentose: main nerves 5 or 6 pairs,

ascending, the lower branching outwards; length 3°25 to 5 in., breadth

1:75 to 2°75 in., petiolules of the lateral leaflets :25 to -4 in., those of

the terminal twice as long; tendrils slender. Cymes half as long as the

leaves; their peduncles 1°5 to 3 in. long, umbellate, spreading, many-

branched, many-flowered, 1:5 to 2°5 in. across, minutely tomentose.

Flowers ‘1 in. long, oblong, 4-merous ; calyx short, truncate; petals

puberulous outside. Fruit oblong, °75 to 1 in. long, when ripe dirty

white, with scanty pulp and two large plano-convex seeds. Wall. Cat.

6012 ; Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. 1, 656. Cissus mollissima, Planch.

in DC. Mon. Phan. V, 575.

Penang; Wallich, Curtis No. 1435. Malacca; Griffith, No. 1332,

Maingay (Kew Distrib.), No. 422. Pahang: Ridley, No. 1134. Perak:

King’s Collector, Nos. 2744, 4223, 5843 and 10485.

27. Viris TRirotia, Linn. Sp. Pl. 203. Stems compressed, herba-

ceous, or woody near the base only, when young shortly and densely

pubescent, becoming sub-glabrous with age. Jeaves 3-foliolate, common

petiole 1:25 to 2°25 in. long; leaflets shortly petiolnlate, ovate, obovate

or sub-rhomboid, shortly cuspidate, coarsely serrate or dentate, the

bases rounded, more or less pubescent on both surfaces; main neryes

5 or 6 pairs, slightly curved and ascending; length 1°5 to 2°5 in.,

breadth °8 to 1:25 in., petiolules of the lateral leaflets ‘1 to -25, of the

terminal twice as much ; tendrils short, slender, usually branched. Cymes

2 or 3 in. in diam., pubescent, on long peduncles rather exceeding the

leaves, about 3-branched, the umbellules cymose. Flowers 4-merous,

1896.] G. King-—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 403

white, about ‘1 in. long; the calyx truncate, short; the petals pubescent

outside. Berry turbinate, fleshy, 2- to 4-seeded, seeds triangular.

Vitis carnos1, Wall. Cat. 6018; W. and A. Prodr. 127; Wight Ic. 171;

Brand. For. Fl. 101; Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 654; Trimen

Fl. Ceyl. I, 294; Planch. in DC. Mon. Phan. V, 570. V. crenata, Wall.

Cat. 6021. Céssus trifoliata, Linn. Sp. Pl. 203. C. auriculata, Roxb.

Wall. Cat. 60316. ©. carnosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. J, 409; DC. Prodr. I, 630;

Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 33; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 40. C. crenata,

Wahl, DG. Prode. 7, 631. C. cinerea, LWiamk.:; DC. Prody. I, 631. C-.

obtusifolia, Lamk. Dict. I, 31 P—Rheede Hort. Mal. vii. t. 9.

Malacea ; Harvey. Singapore; Hullett, No. 95. Perak: Scorte-

chini. Andamans; King’s Collector. Nicobars; Kurz.—Drsreis. British

India, Java.

28. Vuiris japonica, Thunbe. Fl. Japan, 104. Glabrous or pubescent.

Stems slender. Leaves 3-foliolate or pedately 5-foliolate; common

petiole 15 to 2°5 in. lone; leaflets membranous, ovate to oblanceo-

late, the outer oblique, all shortly acuminate and coarsely and un-

equally serrate-dentate in the upper part, entire towards the narrowed:

base: main nerves slightly prominent on the under surface, 7 to 9

pairs, straight, ascending; length 1°5 to 4 in., breadth ‘85 to 1:75 in. ;

petiolules -2 to °5 in., that of the middle leaflet sometimes even 1 in.;

tendrils slender, forked. Cymes spreading, branched, open, 2 to 3 in.

across, always more or less puberulous. lowers ovoid-globose, ‘15 in.

long, 4-merous. Calyx cupular, petals broad. #ruit sub-globular, some-

what depressed, glabrous, -25 to°3 in. indiam. Seeds 3 or 4, triangu-

lar, one side convex and very rugose, the other two flat and pitted, one

of the pits closed by amembrane. Cissus japonica, Willd. Sp. Pl. I, 659;

DC. Prod. I, 632; Planch. in DC. Mon. Phan. V, 561 (in part). Vitis

mollis, Wall. Cat., No. 6025; Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 660.

Singapore, Malacca, Perak, Penang, Nicobar, Andaman Islands:

common.—Distris. Java, New Caledonia, Australia, Japan, China.

The larger forms of this resemble V. novemfolia, Wall., but have

not so many leaflets. The two species are however closely allied, as

also are the less pubescent forms of V. pedata, Vahl. The seeds of this

are remarkable in shape, approaching these of V. novemfolia but with

two plane sides instead of one. This is also even more closely allied to

V. tenwifolia W. and A., from which it is indeed very often difficult to

distinguish it, in the Herbarium at least.

29. Viris novemrouia, Wall. Cat. 6030. Whole plant except the

inflorescence glabrous. Stems slender, striate. Leaves membranous,

usually pedately 7- to 9-foliolate; common petiole 2°5 to 3 in. long;

leaflets oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, entire or with a few exserted

404 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (No. 3,

bristle teeth near the apex, the base narrowed ; lower surface minutely

reticulate; length 2 to 3°5 in. breadth ‘85 to 1:35 in.; petiolules of the

middle leaflets sometimes as much as 3 in. long, those of the lateral

leaflets from -28 to 1:25 in.; tendrils long, sleuder, forked. Cymes

axillary, puberulous, much-branched, spreading, 3 to 6 in. across, on

peduncles as long as the leaves. lowers broadly ovoid in bud, -15 in.

long, 4-merous ; the calyx cupular, truncate; the petals broad, minutely

puberulous externally; disc large, cupular, thin. Frit ovoid or sub-

globular, with two deep grooves, glabrous, *3 in. in diam., without pulp;

seeds 2, globular, truncate and with a deep pit on one side, the opening

occluded by a membrane. Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 662.

Cissus novemfolia, Planch. in DC. Mon. Phan. V, 559.

Perak : Scortechini, No. 1728; King’s Collector, Nos. 1245, 2736.

Andamans: King’s Collectors.

The plant above described agrees with Wallich’s imperfect speci-

mens from Singapore. It is readily recognised by the great inequality

of the petiolules of its leaflets. The middle leaflet is usually quite free

from the others and has a much longer petiolule than they have.

Species imperfectly known.

Virts cortacbA, DC. Prod. I, 632. A species from Timor too briefly

described by De Candolle for accurate identification. There are in

the Calcutta Herbarium specimens from the Andamans (King’s Col-

lectors, No. 3000) and from Sumatra (Forbes, Neo. 1344), both of

which agree with a specimen in the Kew Herbarium named V. coria-

cea, DC. The Sumatra specimens have pedately 5- to 7-foliolate leaves ;

the leaflets are coriaceous, glabrous, obliquely oblong or obovate-oblong,

- bluntly cuspidate, remotely serrate-crenate, with rounded or tapering

bases; they are 2°5 to 4. in. long and 1°35 to 1°75 in. broad; the cymes

are widely branching, nearly 3 in. across when in fruit, and on short war-

ted peduncles 1 in. long: the fruit is ovoid-globose, 2 in. in diam., with

a thick pericarp and no pulp. The seeds are large, solitary, ovoid,

smooth, with shallow transverse markings and a very shallow vertical

groove down each face. In the Andaman specimens the leaflets are

larger and less coriaceous, the cymes are larger (6 in. wide), and the

fruit and seeds are slightly longer. But the appearance and structure

of the seeds is exactly the same in both; and I believe bath may be

V. coriacea, DC.

—_S

1896.] G. King

Leaves simple, flowers 4-merous.

Flowers in umbellate cymes, not borne on

tendrils.

Stems thick, succulent, 4-winged st

Stems herbaceous or woody.

Leaves pubescent underneath.

Leaves oblong-ovate, with cinereous

pubescence ... ue E

iueaves ovate-rotund, with rusty or

rufescent pubescence... ie

Leaves everywhere glabrous.

Flowers not more than ‘1 in. Jong.

Leaves coriaceous, their bases round-

ed or cuneate, not cordate; fruit

obovoid, black na es

Lieaves membranous, coloured

(usually) on the upper surface,

ovate-Janceolate or lanceolate, their

bases usually cordate, rarely cuneate

or rounded ; fruit red... are

Leaves membranous, broadly ovate,

green, their bases deeply and widely

cordate; fruit globose or obovoid...

Flowers more than ‘1 in, long; leaves

rounded, sub-truncate or slightly sub-

cordate at the base; fruit nearly 1 in,

in diam. ive see Ee

Flowers ‘2 in. or more in length; leaves

sagittate, sub-hastate er sub-truncate

at the base; fruit °15 in. in diam.

Flowers in much elongated simple, or some-

times branching, spikes

Flowers in tendril-bearing thyrses bch

Flowers in elongated racemes of sub-hori-

zontal spikes proceeding from tendrils.

Jieaves sparsely strigose and slightly

pubescent, not rufescent :

The under surface of leaves and the

young branches and tendrils covered

with dense adherent cinnamoneons to-

mentum sai 50t ane

19.

10.

20.

21.

22.

Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 405

V. quadrangularis.

V. Scortechinit.

V. adnata.

V. furcata.

YV. discelor.

V. repens.

V. cerasiformis.

V. giaberrima.

V. macrostachya.

V. barbata.

V. gracilis.

V. cinnamonea,

406 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (Ne. 2,

Leaves compound, digitate.

Inflorescence of corymbose or umbellate

leaf-opposed or axillary eymes.

Leaves trifoliolate.

Flowers usually 5-merous, tendrils absent 17.

Flowers 4-merous, tendrils usually pre-

sent.

Leaflets more or less softly tomentose

Leaflets slightly etapa on both

surfaces

Leaflets glabrous on then upper, sac

cous on the lower, surface :

Leaflets glabrous on both surfaces, not

glaucous.

26.

sara:

seek.

Flowers only -05 in. long; seeds .

convex on one surface, 3-ridged on

the other ... . 550

Flowers ‘1 in. long. ©

Fruit dry, seeds3-sided, excavated

on one side ee

Fruit pulpy; seeds Corprcened

grooved in front

Leaves 3- te 5-foliolate ; flowers 4-merous.

Leaflets quite glabrous.

Fruit pulpy ; seeds compressed, con-

eave on one surface, convex and

_ rugulose on the other ..

Fruit dry; seeds obov a Tike

compressed, shortly beaked, not

rugulose, vertically grooved on both

surfaces et

Leaflets glabrous or puleccout: seeds

triangular with one side convex and

very rugose, the other two sides flat .

and one of them with a membrane-

closed pit oe

Leaves pedately 7- to Oolaliter seeds

globular with one side plane and a Fe)

membrane-elosed pit re

Infloreseence a slender pendulous much

elongate raceme of short horizontal spikes

borne on a leaf-opposed tendril.

Both surfaces of leaflets glabrous

Bees,

ealey

bob ae

. Ld.

oe Sy

oi 28:

. 29.

V. semicordata.

V. mollissima.

V. trifolia.

V. peduncularés,

V. andamaxica-

V. Wrayi.

V. Lawsont.

V. lanceolaréa.

V. Kunstleré.

V. japonica.

V. novemfolia.

V. polystachye.

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 407

Upper surfaces of leaflets glabrous except

the midrib and main nerves.

Lower surface with pale cobwebby pubes-

cence . “6 ... 6. V. polythyrsa.

Lower saitaee Hasty. Ppescene

Main nerves of leaflets 5 to 8 pairs ;

flowers oblong, fruit obovoid-oblong,

slightly angled of . ¢. V. thyrsiflora.

Main nerves 8 to 10 pairs; flowers

sub-globular, fruit oblong boldly 3- to

4-angled ae .. 8. V. compositifolia.

Upper surfaces of leaflets snitiately tiprilloget

papillose, each papilla ending in short hair... 9. V. elegans.

Leaves pinnate or bi-pinnate ; flowers 5-merous... 18. V. cantoniensis,

2. PrerisanrHes, Blume.

Scandent tendril-bearing slender shrubs. Leaves simple or tri-

foliolate, digitate or pedate. lowers shall, 4—5-merous, inserted ona flat-

tened membranous rachis, a few pedicellate on the margin, the others

sessile and sunk in the tissue of the rachis. Calyx cupular or obscurely

toothed. Petals deciduous. Disc cushion-like, 4- or 5-angled. Style

short; stigma capitate. Perry obovoid or globose, 1 to 4-seeded.—Dts-

Tris. 4 species, all Malayan.

Leaves simple bce “oe oo Me ee, COnIacea.

Leaves 3-foliolate. ;

Adult leaves glabrous : ... 2. P. cissoides.

Adult leaves rusty-tomentose petehtl .. 3d. P. heterantha

Leaves 5-foliolate ... 4. P. pedata.

1. PreRISANTHES CORIACEA, Keone ex. Mia. Adan Mus. Lued. Bat.

1,95. Stems slender, glabrous. Leaves broadly ovate, acute or acumi-

nate, the edges distantly and sometimes obscurely glandular-dentate,

slightly revolute when dry, the base minutely cordate; main nerves

about 4 or 5 pairs, rather faint, spreading, the reticulations distinct,

both surfaces glabrous and shining; length 3 to 5 in., breadth 1°75 to

3°35 in., petiole -75 to 1°25 in. Inflorescence on a slender (often tendril-

bearing) peduncle, membranous, narrowly oblong, 4 or 5 in. long and

about 1 in. broad; the edges wavy, reddish when fresh. Male jlowers

4-merous, few, distant, (15 in. in diam., their pedicels ‘5 in. long.

Female flowers numerous. Fruit sessile, globular, glabrous, 3 in. in

diam. P. polita, Lawson in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 663. Vitis polita,

Mig. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. I, 85.

In all the provinces except the Andamans and Nicobars: common.

408 G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Matayan Peninsula. | No. 3,

The first author to put this plant into the genus Pterisanthes was

Korthals who (fide Miquel Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. J, 85), thus named

it in the Herbarium (at Leiden’). Miquel regarded Pterisanthes as only

a section of Vitis. He had therefore to find a name for this plant in

that genus; and, finding the name JV. coriacea pre-occupied by @ species

of Cissus (DC. Prod. I, 632), he called this V. polita, Miq.

Var. araneosa; Leaves often ovate-oblong, always more or less

rufescent cobwebby beneath. Vitis araneosa, Mig. Ann. Mus. Lugd.

Bat. I, 94. Cissus araneosa, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 517.

Perak: King’s Collector, No. 646; Wray, Nos. 2556, 3015, 4621.

Mr. Wray in his field note on this says “leaves with a shining

black line round the edge on the outer margin of which is a line of

warm brown hair, midrib beneath reddish.”

2. PTERISANTHES CISSOIDES, Blume Bijdr. 193. Stems glabrous,

striate. Leaves 3-foliolate; the middle leaflet narrowly wedge-shaped,

the two lateral more or less oblong, rounded on the onter side, straight

on the inner, all with afew obscure distant teeth in the upper half or

third, entire in the lower; both surfaces with deciduous arachnoid

hairs, glabrous when adult; main nerves about + pairs, spreading;

length 3 to 6 in., breadth 1:25 to 3in., petioles 15 to 3°5 in.; petiolules

of the middle leaflets twice as long as those of the lateral. Flattened

floriferous rachis of the inflorescence variously lobed, from 2 to 6 in. Jong

and less than half as broad, borne on tendril-bearing branches longer

than the leaves. Male flowers on slender pedicels °75 in. long, 4-merous.

Female flowers numerous. Fruit globose, °35 in. in diam., with coriaceous

epicarp and about 4 seeds. Miquel in Linnaea, XVIII, 385, t. VIII;

Fl. Ind. Bat. I, pt. 2, 608; Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 664. Vitis

Pterisanthes, Mig. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. I, 94. Hmbamma cordigera,

Griff. Notulae IV, 694: Ic. Pl. Asiat.t. 646. Cissus involucrata, Spreng.

Syst. IV, pt. 2, 44. Pterisanthes involucrata, G. Don. Syst. I, 694.

Malacca: Griffith (Kew Dist.), No. 1299; Maingay. Perak: Scor-

techini ; King’s Collector, Nos. 727, 7914.—Disrris. Java.

3. PTERISANTHES HETERANTHA, Laws. in Hook. fil. FJ. Br. Ind. I,

664. Stems cobwebby when young, ultimately glabrous. Leaves 3-

foliolate, rarely 5-foliolate, the middle leaflet more or less wedge-shaped

and usually broader than the obliquely ovate-oblong laterals, (sometimes

all three more or less oblanceolate), acute or shortly acuminate,

remotely glandular-dentate in the upper part; upper surface glabrous

except the pubescent nerves; the lower rusty-tomentose ; main nerves

of leaflets about 5 pairs, spreading, rather straight; length 2 to 4°5 in.,

breadth 8 to 2°5 in., petioles ‘8 to 15 in. Flattened rachis narrowly-

oblong, sinuate, acuminate, 3 to 5 in. long and ‘3 to ‘75 in. broad, borne

2 US

Lae

1896.| G, King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 409

on a tendril-bearing peduncle shorter than the leaves. Flowers 4-6-

merous {fide Lawson). Fruit globular,*25in.indiam. Wmbamma heter-

antha, Griff. Notulae IV, 694. Vitis rufula, Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat.

I, 94, Cissus involucrata, Miq. (not of Spreng.) FJ. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 517.

Malacca: Griffith, Maingay. Perak: Scortechini; King’s Collector,

Nos. 678, 1084.

There are in Herb, Calcutta two specimens from Perak (Wray,

No. 1178 and Scortechini without. number) which apparently belong to

this species, but which have pedate leaves with 5 leaflets.

4. PTERISANTHES PEDATA, Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 664.

Sfems sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old. Leaves

pedate, 5-foliolate, oblanceolate ; the lower two smaller, the apex with

a short stout bristle, the edges remotely glandular-dentate in the upper

part; both surfaces, but especially the lower, sparsely arachnoid-hairy,

the edge on the lower surface densely so: main nerves of leaflets about

4. pairs, Jes ; length 2 to & in., breadth ‘6 to 1:25 in.; petiole

about 1 in.; petiolules about -35 im.; those of the lower Jeaflets rather

shorter. Iaflinrorctnte glabrous, bat ne on a _ short tendril-bearing

peduncle. Flowers 4-merous. Fruit unknown.

Malacca: Griffith, Maingay (Kew Distrib.), No. 432.

This is known only from Griffith’s and Maingay’s very scanty speci-

mens. It may be only a pedate form of P. heterantha.

3. Lnea, Linn.

Small trees, shrubs or herbs. Branches striate or sulcate, often

herbaceous. Jeaves alternate, usually very large, simple, or 1]-2-3-

pinnate; petiole often dilated at the base, stipules sheathing. Peduncles

opposite the leaves or sub-terminal, Tendrils 0. Inflorescence corym-

bosely-cymose. J lowers red yellow or green. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals

5, connate at the base and adhering to the staminal tube, revolute.

Stamens united at the base into a 5-lobed tube, the filaments inserted

between the lobes of the tube, inflexed; anthers exserted. Ovary

inserted on the disc, 3- to 8-celled; style short, stigma swollen; ovules

1 or 2 in each cell, erect. Fruit 3- to 8-celled, berry-like, usually

succulent, depressed-globular and lobed, pulp often scanty. Pyrenes

wedge-shaped, seeds compressed.—Disrris. Species about 50, mostly

tropical Asiatic and African, a few Australian. :

Leaves simple, or with 3 to 5 large pinnules.

Leaves pubescent beneath, cymes on long

peduncles .. L. DL, latifolia.

Leaves quite Biabeons on hotk surfaces ;

cymes on short peduncles.

A tree; leaflets 5... as ww 2. DL. grandifolia.

440 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. {No. 3,

A shrub 12 to 18 in. high; leaves simple

or at most 3-partite, teeth of staminal tube

deeply bifid ; flowers numerous paen Neve

A shrub 12 to 18 in. high: leaves never

simple, leaflets 3 to 5, teeth of staminal

tube faintly emarginate but not bifid;

flowers few Aas : 4A,

Leaves pinnate or bi- or tri- Sntiaite, leafiets nu-

merous.

Leaflets glabrous on both surfaces.

Buds oblong, cymes 9 to 24 in. across :

flowers red 500 bi bc OE

Buds globular.

Stem and branches thorny ean OF

Unarmed.

Cymes not more than 8 or 9 in.

across, spreading, lax, on long pe-

duncles, flowers white.. Up

Cymes only 1°25 to 2° 25 i In. across,

compact, flowers red ... eS:

Buds obovoid and on long paaieolee

cymes large, lax, divaricating ; flowers

°25 in. long Lae 5 sepa al)

Leaflets glabrous on both eee main

nerves winged and crisped and with lines

of minute black hairs along them when

young... 660 500 soe lUh

Leaflets hairy underneath but without

glands.

Cymes on long peduncles, lobes of

staminal tube not emarginate woe Ls

Cymes on short peduncles, lobes of

staminal tube emarginate ... scence

Leaflets hairy underneath and with numer-

ous flat discoid glands As Palos

L. simplicifolia.

DL. paucifiora.

L. gigantea.

DL. angulata.

DL. Sambucina.

LL. acuminata.

DL. Curtisti.

LL. rubra.

L. robusta.

LL. javanica,

Di. aequata.

1. Lesa tariroua, Wall. Cat. 6821. A shrub, young branches

rusty furfuraceous-puberulous. Leaves simply pinnate, leaflets 3 to 5,

oblong to sub-orbicular, sub-acute or obtuse, remotely serrate, the base

sub-cordate; upper surface glabrous; the lower paler with some

scattered pale hairs on the midrib and 10 to 12 pairs of spreading

nerves, the reticulations transverse and very distinct; length 9 to 12 in.,

breadth 6 to 11 in. Cymes on long peduncles, umbellate, with branches

1896.] G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 411

8 to 5 in. long, shortly pubescent. Lobes of the staminal tube notched.

Kurz For. Flora Burma, I, 278: in Journ, As. Soc. Beng., Vol. 44,

pt. Il, p.178; Clarke in Trimen’s Journ. Bot. for 1881, p. 138. ZL.

macrophylla, Laws. (not of Hornem.) in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 664, LD.

cinerea and DL. coriacea, Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 665.

Andaman Islands: King’s Collectors.—Disrris. Burma.

2. LeEa GRanpiroLiA, Kurz in Trimen’s Journ. Bot. 1875, p. 325.

A small tree 10 to 20 feet high: young branches lenticellate, glabrous,

sparsely verrucose. Leaves glabrous, simply pinnate; leaflets 5, broadly

ovate to oblong-ovate, shortly acuminate, the edges with large shallow

crenations or sub-entire; the base broad, rounded: main nerves 8 to 10

pairs, spreading, much curved at the tips; both surfaces glabrous, the

reticulations not prominent: length 9 to 12 in., breadth 4 te 5 in.;

petiolules of the terminal leaflet 2in., of the laterals *5 to °75 in.

Cymes about 4 in. across, on peduncles only about 1 in. long, trichoto-

mously umbellate, the branches about 1 in. long, almost glabrous.

Flowers greenish white; lobes of staminal tube emarginate. Fruit sub-

globular, depressed, lead-coloured when ripe.

Nicobar Islands : Jelinek ; Katchal, Kurz: Bati Maly, Prain.

This differs from JL. latifolia in having verruculose branches, per-

fectly glabrous obscurely reticulate leaves, and small very shortly

We riiictlate cymes.

3, LeEa SIMPLICIFOLIA, Zoll. in Natur en Geneesk. Arch. II, 577.

An unbranched shrub 12 to 18 in. high; stem glabrous, sparsely lenti-

cellate. Leaves simple or ternate: the simple broadly elliptic, somewhat

obovate, shortly and abruptly acuminate, the edges sinuate-serrate or

sub-entire, the base narrowed and sometimes minutely cordate; both

surtaces glabrous, the lower bright brown when dry and with the

reticulations very -distinct; main nerves 9 to 12 pairs, spreading,

rather straight; length of the simple leaves 4°5 to 9 or 12 in., breadth

2°5 to 6°5 in., petiole ‘75 to 2in.: the pinnate leaves with the lateral

leaflets narrowly elliptic and sub-oblique, 8 to 10 in. long, and about

3 in. wide, the terminal larger, petiolules about ‘3 in. long ; the terminal

leaflet like the simple and with a petiolule 1°5 in. long. Cymes capitate,

dense, about °75 in. in diam., on peduncles ‘5 in. or less in Jength.

Flowers numerous, crowded, white : the lobes of the staminal tube with

2 broad deep teeth. Fruit sub-globular, ‘3 or ‘4 in. in diam., glabrous,

dark-coloured and pulpy when ripe. Migq. FI. Ind, Bat. Vol. I, pt. 2, p.

612; Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. I, 101; C. B. Clarke in Trim. Journ. Bot.

for 1881, p. 166.

Perak: Scortechini, No. 1206; King’s Collector, No. 2195.—Drsrrir.

Sumatra.

412 G. Kine—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. {No. 3,

4, Lwpa pavcrrtora, King n. sp. A shrub 12 to 15 in. high; the

stems slender, glabrous, sparsely lenticellate. Leaves piunate, the rachises

and petioles sub-terete ; leafle's 3 to 5, oblong to elliptic-oblong, the ter-

minal one larger and broader than the lateral, all with short rather

blunt acuminate apex, the edges with a few remote shallow serrations

or sometimes almost eutire, the laterals slightly oblique towards tlie

rounded or cuneate base: both surfaces glabrous and shining, the reticu-

lations very distinct on the lower when dry: main nerves 6 to 8 pairs,

faint, spreading: length of the lateral leaflets 2°5 to 45 m., breadth 1 to

2-5 in., the terminal one from 4°5 to 6 in. long, and from 2 to 3°5 in.

broad : petiolules of the laterals -2 to ‘3.1n. long, of the terminal about

‘75 in. Cymes terminal, capitulate, densely few-flowered, about °35 in.

in diam., on pedicels *35 in. long. Colour of flowers unknown; lobes of

staminal column broad, very slightly emarginate, covered with pale dots.

Fruit depressed-globular, deeply lobulate, glabrous, about *4 in. in diam.,

white when ripe and with little pulp.

Perak: Scortechini, King’s Collector, No. 1113. °

This is allied to £. simplicifolia Zoll., but differs in its leaves which

are never simple and which have 3 to 5 leaflets smailer than in the

pinnate forms of LZ. simplicifolia. The cymes of this are moreover

few-flowered and much smaller than in that species, and the lobes of

the staminal column in this are broad and very slightly emarginate or

sub-entire, whereas in L. simplicifoliu they are more deeply bifid than

in any species here described. The ripe fruit of this is moreover stated

by Kunstler to be white.

5. Lesa ciganrea, Griff. Notul. IV, 627: Ic. PJ. Asiat. t. 645,

fic. 3. A tall shrub or small tree; young branches puberulous, Jenti-

cellate. Leaves often several feet in length, 3-pinnate, the rachis and

petiole sub-terete, not winged: leaflets oblong or elliptic-oblong, shortly

and abruptly acuminate, coarsely and sharply serrate, the base cuneate ;

both surfaces glabrous, shining; main uerves 8 to 13 pairs, spreading ;

the connecting veins numerous, wavy, sub-horizontal, and very pro-

minent on the lower surface; length 5 to 10 in.; breadth 2-25 to 4in.;

petiolules of lateral leaflets *3 to‘75 in., the terminal two or three

times as long. Cymes in ajlax many-branched spreading panicle from

9 in. to 2 feet across, minutely puberulous or glabrescent. Flowers

purplish red, the buds oblong; staminal tube with acute bifid teeth.

Fruit depressed-globular, smooth, black when ripe, with scanty pulp,

‘25to°3 in. in diam. Seeds flattened, with dorsal ridge, the sides

irregularly ribbed. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, Vol. 42, pt. 2, p.

65; Vol. 44, Pt. 2, p. 178; For. Flora Burma, J, 280; C. B. Clarke in

Trimen’s Journ, Bot. for 1881, p. 140. ZL. Sambucina, Wall. Cat. 6823 B

Gn part). ZL. Staphylea, Wall. Cat. 6823 K.

1896.] G. King—Waterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 413

Penang: Wallich, Stoliczka, Curtis, King. Johore; King. Perak ;

King’s Collector, Nos: 505, 2494.

The specific name given to this is unfortunate, as it implies that

the plant isa large one. As a matter of fact it is a much smaller

plant than D. angulata, Korth. which often forms a tree 30 feet in height;

while this is usually a shrub about 10 feet high. This species has

however very much larger leaves and panicles than any other Leea

known tome. The flowers of this are bluish red: the teeth of the

staminal tube I find, contrary to the observations of the late Mr.

Kurz and Mr. C. B. Clarke, to be bifid at the apex. My colleague

Dr. Prain, to whom I have shown dissections of flowers taken from Wall.

Cat. 6823B, (as well as from other specimens) quite agrees with me

in this. As Mr. Clarke has remarked in his excellent Revision of the

Indian Species of Leea (Trimen’s Journ. Bot. for 1881, p. 100 et seq.),

the characters of the seeds of this plant have given rise to some dis-

cussion. I find them to be as above described. The late Mr. Kurz (in

Journ. As. Soc. Beng., Vol. 42, p.65) described them thus: “ semina

obtuse carinata, lateribus tuberculato-costatis,” which isa fairly accurate

account of them. In a later number of the same Journal, (Vol. 44,

p- 178) however, he described them in these words “seeds tubercled-

keeled, the edges tubercled-ribbed,” which is inaccurate. Mr. Clarke,

disregarding Kurz’s earlier description, and not finding the seeds of

this species to agree with his later description, assumed that Kurz must

have had another plant before him, and for this plant Mr. Clarke has

proposed the name (Trimen’s Journ. J. c.)L. twberculo-semen. The very

specimens described by Kurz as L. gigantea, Griff. are however, in the

Calcutta Herbarium, and they bear that name in his own handwriting.

These specimens undoubtedly agree with all the sheets of Wall. Cat.

6823B. in the same Herbarium, which Mr. Clarke regards as true DL. gigan-

tea. The truth probably is that the markings on the sides of the seeds

which Kurz described in two ways in the Journal of the Asiatic

Society are post mortem appearances—an explanation which is supported

by the facts that, in his Flora of Burma, Kurz describes them in still

another way as “bluntish-keeled and tubercled-ribbed;”’ and thatnobody’s

description agrees with Griffith’s figure (Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 645, fig. 3)

which was probably drawn from fresh seeds! Dry seeds taken from

Herbarium specimens moreover vary in appearance according as they

are examined immediately after having been boiled, or after some delay :

and this is no doubt the explanation of Kurz’s three differing descrip-

tions. The nearest ally of this species is undoubtedly ZL, sambucina,

Willd; but that species has much smaller leaves, leaflets and panicles,

and it has green not red flowers.

ras

414. G. King—Muaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (No. 3,

6. Lega ancunara, Korth. ex Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. I, 97.

A bushy tree 20 to 30 feet high, the stem with many sharp thorns, the

branches and lower part of the petioles and peduncles with a few scat-

tered short thorns. Leaves about | foot loug,.2- rarely 3-pinnate: the

rachis angled, channelled ou the upper surface, and the common petiole

dilated at the base: leajlets 5, rarely 7, glabrous, narrowly oblong-

lanceolate, shortly acuminate, distantly serrate-crenate, the terminal

oue equal-sided at the base, the laterals oblique, all crenate; main

nerves 5 or 6 pairs in the’ lateral, and 9 to 12 pairs in the terminal

leaflet, spreading, slightly prominent on the lower surface but not

winged or crisped; length of the laterals 1°5 to 2°5 in., of the terminal

3 to 45 in.; breadth ‘85 to 1°25 in.; petiolules *1 to-25in. Cymes

on glabrous slightly prickly peduncles 2 to 3°5 in. long, open, branching,

measuring 3 in. across, almost glabrous; bracteoles minute, lanceolate,

in pairs. Flowers dull white. Staminal tube 5-toothed. Berries depress-

ed-globose, black and juicy when ripe, °35 in. in diam. UL. horrida,

Teysm. and Binn. (name only) Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. ed. 1866,

p- 169. £. Malayana, Scortechini MSS. JL. aculeata, C. B. Clarke

(not of Blume) in Trimen’s Journ. Bot. for 1881, p. 105.

Perak: Wray, Nos, 3325, 3803; Scortechini, No, 1829; King’s

Collector, Nos. 1145, 7066. Pahang: Ridley, No. 2583. Nicobar Is-

lands: Kurz, King’s Collector.—Disrris. Java.

This differs from LD. aculeata, Bl. in being a larger plant and in

having white, not red, flowers. L. aculeata has moreover simply pinnate

leaves with about seven leaflets of larger size than in this; the rachis

in the leaves of that moreover is not winged, nor is the base of the

petiole dilated.

7. Lea sampucina, Willd. Sp. Pl. I, 1177. A shrub 4 to 10 feet

high; young branches deciduously adpressed-rusty-puberulous, Leaves

15 to 20 in. long, 2- rarely 3-pinnate, the rachis and petiole not winged :

leaflets oblong or elliptic, shortly and sharply acuminate, coarsely and

sometimes rather unequally serrate, the base slightly cuneate; both

surfaces quite glabrous; main nerves 7 to 12 pairs, rather prominent

beneath, spreading ; veins not prominent, transverse; length 3 to 6 or

even 9 in., breadth 1°5 to3 in.; petiolules of the lateral leaflets -2 to

‘4,in., the terminal one two or three times as long. Cymes on stout

peduncles several inches long, (sometimes 6 in.), spreading, rather lax,

almost glabrous, not usually more than 8 or 9 in. across. Flowers

greenish-white, the buds sub-globular: stamznal tube yellowish-white,

its lobes notched. F'rwit depressed-globular, smooth, black, pulp scanty,

‘38 in. in diam. Roxb. Hort. Beng. 18; Fl Ind. ed. Carey II, 470;

DC. Prodr. I, 683; Wall. Cat. 6823, A, C, and part of B; Blume Bijd.

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Mlora of the Malayan Peninsula. 415

196; Griff. Notul. IV, 698; Ic: Pl. Asiat. t. 644, fig. 1, t. 645, figs. 6, 8;

Decne in Ann. Mus. d@’ Hist. Nat. IIT, 445; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat, I, pt. 2,

611; in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. [, 98, (only in part, and perhaps not at

ali); Laws. in Fl. Brit. Ind, I, 666, (partly); Brand. For. Fl. 102;

Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 44, IJ, 179; For. Fl. Burma I, 279; (not of

Benth. nor of Baker.) ; C. B. Clarke in Trimen’s Journ, Bot. for 1881,

p- 189. LZ. Staphylea, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 18; Fl. Ind. ed. Carey I,

‘471; Wall. Cat. 6824, F.I.; W.and A. Prodr. 132; Wight Ic. t. 78;

Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb, Fl. 41; Thwaites Enum. PI. Zeyl, 64. DL. Ottilis,

DC., Prodr. I, 636. Leea viridiflora, Planch. Hort. Donat. 6. <Aquilicia

Sambucina, Linn. Mant. 211; Cav. Dissert. VII, +. 218. Staphylea

indica, Burm. FI. Ind. 75, t. 24, fig. 2. Aquilicia Ottis, Gaertn, Fruct.

J, 275. Ottilis zeylanica, Gaertn. Fruct. t. 57. Gastonia Naluga, Lamk.

Dict. II, t. 611. Gilibertia Naluga, DC. Prodr. IV, 256. Rumph. Herb.

Amb. IV, t. 45. -Rheede Hort. Mal. IT, t. 26.

Penang: Wallich, Curtis..Singapore: Hullett. Malacca: Maingay

(Kew Distrib.), No. 483. Andaman Islands: very common.— Distrip.

British India. 3

This species is rare in the Malayan Peninsula, but very common

in the Andamans. It formsa bush of about the same size as L. gigantea,

Griff., from which it is readily distinguished by its smaller leaves and

panicles and by its green flowers. Ihave followed Mr. C. B. Clarke

implicitly as to the synonymy of this species as given in his excellent

paper in Trimen’s Journal of Botany.

Var. biserrata, Mig. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. J, 99. Serrations of

the leaves very unequal, sometimes alternately large and small. D.

biserrata Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 518.

Perak: King’s Collector, No. 3282. Singapore: Ridley, No. 4746.

Distris. Bangka.

8. Lena acuminata, Wall. Cat. 6830. An under-shrub 2 to 3 feet

high; young branches glabrous. Leaves usually pinnate, but one of the

lower pinnae often pinnulate; the rachis not winged, the petiole very

slightly dilated at the base ; leaflets oblong, rarely ovate-oblong, sharply

acuminate, slightly and unequally serrate, the base rounded or slightly

cuneate: both surfaces glabrous, sometimes dotted ; main nerves 10 to

12 pairs, rather prominent beneath, the veins sub-horizontal: length

2°5 to 8 in., breadth °75 to 2 in. Cymes compact, 1°25 to 2°25 in. across,

many-flowered, the branches short, minutely rusty-pubescent, on pedun-

cles varying from 1 to 3 in. long. Flowers coral-red, sub-globular,

bracts and bracteoles usually absent; lobes of the staminal tube broad,

emarginate. Fruit depressed-globular, red when ripe, °*25 in, in diam.

C. B. Clarke in Trimen’s Journ. Bot. for 1881, 102. ZL. sambucina, Laws.

416 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, {No. 3,

(not of Willd.) in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 666 (in part). L. laeta, Wall.

Cat. 6831 A and B; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng., Vol. 42, pt. 2, p. 65 ;

Vol, 44, pt. 2, p. 179: For. Flora Burma, I, 278; C. B. Clarkel. c.,

p. 103. ZL. sanguinea, Wall. Cat. 6824.

Andaman Islands: common.—Distris. Along the base of the

Eastern Himalaya, the Assam Range and Burma.

I cannot see how Wallich’s two sets of specimens named L. aewimi-

nata and L. laeta are to be distinguished as species—the solitary differ-

ence which I can find between them being that, in L. laeta the cymes

are more condensed and have shorter peduncles than in ZL. acuminata.

I have therefore, in spite of the high authority of Mr. C. B. Clarke

who keeps them distinct, ventured to unite them. The species, as

I understand it,, is allied to LD. sambucina, Willd., but is a much smaller

plant and has coral-red, not green, flowers in rusty-pubescent con-

densed cymes, and red fruit.

9. Leesa Curtis, King n. sp. An erect shrub 4 to 5 feet high :

young shoots deciduously puberulous. Leaves 2°5 to 3 feet long, bi-

pinnate, the rachises channelled, the petiole terete ; leaflets elliptie or

oblong-elliptic, shortly caudate-acuminate, remotely crenate, the bases

cuneate; both surfaces glabrous, the lower transversely reticulate ;

main nerves 5 or 6 pairs, curved, sub-ascending, prominent on the lower

surface; length 3°5 to4°5 in., breadth 1:5 to 2 in.: wpetiolules of the

lateral leaflets about ‘3 in., of the terminal 1°5 in. Cymes on a long

stout peduncle, umbellate, branched ; the branches lax, spreading, few-

flowered. Flowers large, obovoid, in pairs with deciduous bracteoles

at the base. Calyx glandular-hairy, pure white, its lobes spreading.

Petals rveflexed, whitish-yellow, teeth of staminal tube entire. Fruit

unknown.

Perak: on Waterloo Peak, alt. 1500 feet ; Curtis, No. 2872.

Collected only by Mr. Curtis who describes the young leaflets as

beautifully marked with silvery-grey variegations along both sides of

their midribs. This appears in its foliage to resemble the imperfectly

known Bornean species L. amabilis the leaflets of which, however, have

more nerves and more serrations.

10, Lerea rusra, Blume Bijdr. 197. A shrub 1 to 6 feet high ;

young branches minutely scaly-pubescent, ultimately glabrous. Leaves

2- to 3-pinnate, the main rachis angled and sometimes slightly winged :

leaflets 3 to 5, ovate to ovate-oblong, shortly acuminate, coarsely serrate,

rounded or sub-cuneate at the base, sub-sessile; main nerves 6 to

10 pairs, winged and crisped and, in young leaves, with miuute black

hair along their sides, otherwise glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes on

peduncles ‘5 to 2°5 in. long, furfuraceous rusty-puberulous, condensed

1896.]| G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 417

but much branched, 2 to 3 in. in diam,, bracts and bracteoles absent:

Flowers red. Lobes of the staminal tube notched. Berries ‘25 in, in

diam. Dene. in Ann. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. III, 445; Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar.

453; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, pt. 11, 610; Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. I, 96;

Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng., Vol. 44, IT, 180; For. Flora Burma, J,

279; C. B. Clarke Journ. Bot. for 1881, p. 104. LD. sanguinea, Kurz in

Journ. As. Soc., Vol. 42, II, 66? DL. coccinea, Kurz (not of Planch.)

2 L. polyphylla, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Vol. I, pt. 2, p. 610.

Singapore: Ridley, No. 1928. Pahang: Ridley, No. 2433. Penang :

Curtis, No. 1107. Quedah: King’s Collector, No. 1716; Curtis,

Nos. 2601 and 2645.— Distriz. Burma, Hastern Bengal.

This, as his. specimen in Herb. Calcutta shows, is what Kurz

referred to L. coccinea, Planch. (For. Flora Burmah, I, 278.)

11. Leesa rosusta, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 18; Fl. Ind. ed. Carey II,

468; ed. 1832 II, 655. A shrub 5 or 6 feet high: young branches

with coarse rusty deciduous pubescence. Leaves from pinnate to tri-

_ pinnate, the rachis and petioles angled, minutely lepidote, not winged

or dilated; leaflets oblong to elliptic-oblong, acuminate, remotely and

unequally serrate {sometimes obsoletely serrate) ; the lower broad and

rounded at the base, the terminal one cuneate: main nerves 8 to 12

pairs, ascending, the connecting veins faint; upper surface sparsely

strigose; the lower shortly pubescent, eglandular, the nerves sparsely

strigose. Cymes on long peduncles, sparsely umbellate, minutely tomen-

tose ; bracteoles linear, deciduous. Flowers greenish, lobes of staminal

tube grooved outside but not bifid at the apex. Fruit depressed-globose,

°25 in. in diam., black when ripe, the pulp very scanty. Wall. Cat.

6826; W. and A. Prod. 132; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng., Vol. 44,

pt. 2, pp. 178, 180; For. Flora Burma, I, 279; C. B. Clarke in Trimen’s

Journ. Bot. for 1881, p. 164. LZ. aspera, Wall. Cat. (not of Edgew.)

6825. L. diffusa, Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 667.

Singapore: Ridley, No. 3788. Andaman Islands: King’s Col-

lectors.—Distris. British India.

Roxburgh founded this species on specimens collected in the

Northern Circars, but none of his original material is now extant.

Specimens collected within recent years by Mr. J. S. Gamble in Ganjam

(which is practically Roxburgh’s Northern Circars) dry of a very pale

colour, and have narrowly oblong leaflets with a few short hairs on the

nerves beneath. In shape and colour they are distinguished from

Wallich’s own specimens of his 4. parallela from Burma by a single

character, which is that the adult leaves of L. parallela are quite glabrous

beneath. But specimens recently obtained from Wallich’s collecting

ground in Upper Burma show that the leaflets of LZ. parallela are, when

418 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

young, pubescent beneath. As the only distinguishing character thus

breaks down, I cannot see how L. parallela is to be kept up as a species.

After examining with great care a very large suite of Indian Leeas,

IT cannot see how ZL. aspera, Hdgew. and L. herbacea, Ham., are to he

kept up as more than varieties of ZL. robusta. Mr. Curtis collected in

Selangor (Herb. Curtis, No. 2329) specimens without flowers which may

belong to this species. The fruit is however larger than in typical

DL. robusta and. has the appearance of having been also more pulpy.

-12.: bena javanica, Blume Bijd. 197. A large shrub: young bran-

‘ches. slightly scaberulous. Leaves pinnate, the lower bi-pinnate; the

rachises channelled above, not winged ; petiole not dilated at the base,

all deciduously and minutely tomentose: leaflets oblong or elliptic-

oblong, shortly acuminate, shortly serrate-dentate, the bases rounded :

upper surface glabrous, the midrib and nerves puberulous: lower sur-

face rusty-pubescent especially on the nerves, dark-red when dry : mam

nerves 10 to 12 pairs, spreading, curving, prominent beneath ; connecting

veins distinct, sub-horizontal; length 3°5 to 10 in., breadth 1°75 to _

3 in.; petiolules of the lateral leaflets -15 to °25 in., of the terminal

lin. or more. Cymes on rather short peduncles, umbellate, spreading,

many-flowered, 3 or 4 in. across, minutely rusty-tomentose ; bracteoles

minute, deciduous. Flowers greenish-white; lobes of staminal tube

broad, emarginate. Fruit depressed-globular, bluish-black when ripe,

3 in. in diam. Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. Vol. I, pt. 2, p. 610: Ann. Mus. Lugd.

Bat. I, 100; C. B. Clarke in Trimen’s Journ. Bot. for 1881. p. 165.

Perak : King’s Collector, Nos. 552 and 8368. Singapore: Schom-

burgh.— Distris; Java, Celebes. Sumatra, Forbes, No. 1395.

This is closely allied to DL. sundiaca, Miq. which however has red

flowers. It is also allied to L. aequata Linn. and to L. robusta, Roxb.

13. Leea azquata, Linn. Mant. 124. <A shrub 4 to 10 feet high:

young shoots deciduously pubescent, scaberulous. Leaves bi-pinnate,

the rachises angled and pubescent, not winged, and the base of the

petiole not dilated; leaflets narrowly oblong, rarely ovate-oblong,

sharply acuminate, distantly and rather unequally serrate, the base

usually rounded, rarely cuneate but sometimes oblique; upper surface

with scattered setae especially on the midrib and nerves, otherwise

glabrous ; the lower surface setose-pubescent especially on the nerves,

and with numerous circular discs; main nerves 7 to 12 pairs, spreading,

ascending, curved; connecting veins horizontal, distinct; length 53 to

7 in., breadth 1 to 1°75 in. ; petiolules of the lateral leaflets -15 to “3 in.,

of the terminal about 1 in, . Cymes sessile or on peduncles up to 15

in. long, tomentose; bracts broad, caducous. Jlowers white, teeth of

staminal tube bifid. Fruit depressed-globular, black when ripe, pulp

1896.| G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 419

seanty, ‘25 in. in diam. Miq. in Aun. Mus. Lugd. Bat. I, 98: Kurz in

Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Vol. 44, pt. 2, pp. 178, 180; Flora Burma I, 281;

C. B. Clarke in Trimen’s Journ. Bot. for 1881, 163. LZ. hirta, Hornem.

Hort. Hafn. I, 237: Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey II, 469: ed. 1832 IT,

656; Blume Bijdr. 197; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Vol. I, pt. 2, p. 612 ; Wall.

Cat. 6822; Dene in Ann. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. III, 446; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.

I, pt. 2, p.612; Lawson in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind, I, 668. ZL. hirsuta,

Bl. Bijdr.; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, pt. 2, p. 612.

Perak: Scortechini, King’s Collector, No. 4387. Quedah: King’s

Collector, No. 1725. Andaman Islands: Kurz, King’s Collector.—

Distriz. Java, Sumatra.

This species is, as Mr. C. B, Clarke has well pointed out, at once

recognisable by the curious glandular discs on the under surface of the

leaf —a character found in no other species of the genus,

Order XXXIV. Saprnpacna.

Trees, shrubs, or rarely climbing herbs. Leaves alternate, rarely

opposite, exstipulate or occasionally stipulate, pinuate, palmate-trifolio-

late or simple; leaflets opposite or alternate, entire or dentate, rarely

lobed. Flowers mostly polygamo-dicecious and small, usually either

irregular or unsymmetrical. Calyx mostly 4—-5-lobed, or with 4-5 sepals,

sepals or lobes often unequal, imbricate or valvate in the bud. Pétals free,

equal or unequal, usually 4-5 or 0, often bearded or squamate at the base

within. Disc annular or unilateral, rarely (in C fiowers) deficient.

Stamens 5-10, inserted inside the disc at the base of the ovary or out-

side or on the disc, sometimes unilateral; anthers 2-celled, basifixed or

versatile ; filaments often pubescent, almost always free. Ovary centric

or excentric, entire or lobed, or sometimes divided nearly to the base,

1-3-celled. Style simple or divided, usually terminal; séi7gma usually

simple. Ovules usually 1 rarely 2 or more in each cell, affixed

to the axis of the ovary, ascending. Jrwit capsular or indehiscent,

entire or lobed, sometimes winged. Seeds globose or compressed, arillate

or naked, exalbuminous, rarely albuminous. Hmbryo usually thick,

sometimes plicate or spirally convolute.—Dusrris. About 550 to 800

species scattered over the whole world.

420 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (No. 3,

Ovules solitary in each loculus of the ovary.

Leaves trifoliolate; inner cotyledon transversely hi-pli-

cate ; disc unsymmetrical.

Scandent tendril-bearing herbs or shrubs with 3-foliolate

leaves; petals with cucullate crested scales; fruit a

membranous 3-celled capsule ... Pe :

Erect shrubs or trees without tendrils; leaves 1- to 3-

foliolate ; scales of petals emarginate ; fruit (by abor-

tion) with 2 or 1 globose indehiscent baceate cocci

Leaves (except in Paranephelium) equally pinnate (simple

in one Aphania) ; cotyledons curved or sub-circinate, rarely

sub-diplicolobate; disc symmetrical or unsymmetrical.

Fruit indehiscent.

Seeds without arillus.

Fruit 1- to 3-coccous, two of the segments small

and imperfect or obsolete, the developed one sub-

globose and fleshy, testa of seed bony; sepals and

petals oblong, the basal scales of the petals entire

Fruit 1- to 3-lobed to the base, the lobes diverging,

oblong ; the testa of the seed membranous; sepals

orbicular ; petals obovate, their basal scale lobed...

Fruit deeply divided into 2 rarely 3 ellipsoid or

sub-3-gonous divergent lobes united only at their

bases; sepals more or less orbicular ; petals smaller

with 2 infolded basal auricles or with 2 basal scales

Fruit suleate, never lobed : inflorescence often from

the branches.

Fruit sub-ligneous, 3-celled, 3-angled ; flowers

symmetrical, scales of petals crested: lower

pinnules of leaves not stipule-like Bs

Fruit baccate, fleshy, incompletely ace. 3

scales of petals not crested ; lower pinnules of

leaves stipule-like 200 550

Seeds arillate.

Fruit coccate or deeply sulcate, arillus adnate to

the testa with a free edge round the micropyle.

Micropyle near the hilum; calyx-lobes 4 to 5,

petaloid, concave, broadly imbricate ; fruit muri-

cated 200 600

Micropyle remote from Pe nite ‘bala lobes

small, valvate, petals sometimes 0; fruit muri-

cated or tubercled or obsoletely so ..

Micropyle intermediate between the base an

apex of the seed; lower leaflets eek -like ;

fruit quite smooth

Fruit dehiscent, often produced into Paige wings ; sabe

usually arillate.

Calyx polysepalous,:imbricate in two series, buds

sub-globose ; petals with 2 crested basal scales; fruit

3-winged or 3-lobed, arillus caudate

. 10.

veld

CARDIOSPERMUM.

ALLOPHYLUS,

DITTELASMA,

ERIGOLOSSUM.

APHANIA,

LEPISANTHES,.

OTOPHORA.

XEROSPERMUM.

NEPHELIUM.

POMETIA,.

Guioa.

-1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 421

Calyx gamosepalous, dentate or lobed; petals with

two crested basal scales ; fruit large, pyriform, with

thick pericarp, obtusely 3-angled, not lobed ... 12, TrigoNACHRAS,

Petals with 2 crestless basal scales, or Sometimes

absent; fruit with the cocci quite distinct and divari-

cate; disc sub-entire, annular.

‘Arillus enclosing the whole or nearly the whole of

the seed, not appendiculate at the base «. 13, ARYTHRA.

‘Arillus with 2 spur-like processes at its base ;

fruit pyriform or globose, 3-lobed 300 . 14, MiscHocarzus

Petals peltate-infundibuliform, the single large aval

scale being connate with each petal by its edges.

Ovary 2-celled ; fruit obovate, the pericarp coria-

ceous, the arillus fleshy, basal; the leaves equally

pinnate, flower buds oval, pointed ont . 15. LerrpoprraLum.

Ovary 3-celled; frnit with the pericarp woody,

tubercular or echinate; flower-buds sub-globese ... 16. ParaANEPHELIUM.,

Ovuiles 2 or more in each lJoculus of the ovary.

Leaves simple, exstipulate : stamens inserted outside the

disc ; the capsule much compressed, membranous, winged,

seeds ex-arillate His oon . 17. Doponaza.

Leaves pinnate, exstipulate; stamens invented inside the

disc ; capsule coriaceous, inflated, sub-compressed, reni-

form, 2-celled, not winged; seeds arillate ... .. 18. Harpuuwta,

Leaves pinnate, stipulate; stamens inserted outside rien

lobed disc ; fruit more or less fleshy, sub-globose, 3-celled,

indehiscent ; seeds without arillus aes ... 19, Tueprinta.

41. CarpiosPpeRMuUM, inn.

Climbing tendril-bearing herbs with alternate exstipulate leaves,

biternate coarsely dentate leaflets, axillary racemes, and irregular

polygamo-dicecious flowers. Sepals 4, imbricate, concave, the 2 outer

small. Petals 4, in pairs, the larger two with a scale above the base; the

two smaller inferior, remote from the stamens, each furnished with a

small crested scale. Disc unilateral, undulate, almost reduced to 2

round or linear glands opposite the lewer petals. Stamens 8, excentric ;

filaments free or connate at base; the 4 nearest to the glands shorter

than the rest. Ovary sessile or sub-sessile, 3-celled ; style short, trifid ;

ovules solitary, ascending. Capsule membranous, 3-celled, 3-valved,

inflated, loculicidal. Seeds globose, usually arillate at the base, exalbu-

minous, testa crustaceous ; cotyledons large, transversely conduplicate.—

Distris. About 30 species, mostly Tropical American and Tropical

African.

Carpiospermum Haticacapum, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. I, 366. Annual

or perennial ; the branches slender, striate, sparsely pubescent or sub-

glabrous. Leaflets deltoid, acuminate, deeply and sharply lobed,

J. u 54

422 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (No. 3,

glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Flowers white, ‘15 in. long. Capsule

globose or pyriform, much inflated, veined, ‘75 to 1°25 in. broad.

W. & A. Prodr. I, 109; Wall. Cat. 8030; Griff. Notul. TY, 546; Ic. Pl.

Asiat. IV, t. 599, £. 3; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 34; Wight Ic. t. 508;

Thwaites Enum. 54; Roxb. Fl. Ind. II, 292; Bot. Mag. t. 1049; Grah.

Cat. Bomb. Pl. 28; Boiss. Fl. Orient. I, 945; Benth. Yl. Austral. I, 453;

Hiern in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 670. C. microcarpum, H. B: K. Noy. :

Gen. & Sp. Pl. V, 104; Baker U.¢. 418, with syn.—Rheede Hort. Mal.

VIII, V, 28; Rumph. Herb. Amboin. VI, t. 24, f. 2.

in all the provinces, but usually only near settlements. Disrer.

British India, Ceylon, and most tropical countries.

A form of this with rather small and ob-deltoid capsules has been

kept up as a species by some authors under the name C. micr ocarpum,

H. B. K.; but, as there are innumerable gradations from the globular

capsule besides much difference in size, I do not consider that it deserves

even varietal rank. The allied species C. canescens, Wall. grows in the

south of India and in Burmah alJong with this, but is always dis-

tinguishable by its more bluntly lobed leaflets canescent beneath.

2. ALLOPHYLUS, Linn.

Erect shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, 1- to 3-foliolate.

Rucemes simple or branched, axillary. lowers irregular, small, poly-

gamo-dicecious, globose, sub-sessile. Sepals 4, in pairs, much imbricate,

concave, unequal, Petals 4, small, glabrous, with a villous emarginate

scale above the claw. Disc one-sided, with a gland opposite each

petal. Stamens 8, inserted inside the dise. Ovary 2-lobed, with 2 cells

and a solitary ovule in each. Style stout, stigma 2-3-lobed. Fruit

bi-coccous (usually one suppressed), ovoid, epicarp dry and coriaceous.

Seed with a small fleshy arillus, embryo curved, cotyledons plicate.

Distrip :—about twenty-five species all tropical aud mostly American.

AuLopHyLus Copps, Blume Rumphia III, 131. A small tree

or shrub; young branches glabrous to tomentose. Leaves 3-foliolate;

leaflets ovate-lanceolate to elliptic-ovate, acute or acuminate, remotely

serrate or almost entire, rarely crenate, the base cuneate often

oblique and always entire: upper surface glabrous to sparsely pubes-

cent, the lower glaberulous to tomentose; length 1 to 10 in., breadth

‘5 to 4 in.; lateral petiolules -2 to -8 in., the central twice as lone

or longer. Inflorescence 3 to 9 in. long; the flowers small, yellow-

ish or whitish, on short pedicels. Fruit globose, -25 in. in diam., .

red, shining. Hiern in Hook. fil. FJ. Br. Ind. JI, 673: Kurz For.

Flora, Burma. I, 299. FRhus Cobbe, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. I, 267. Orni-

trophe Cobbe, Willd. Sp. Pl. II, 322; Roxb. Fl. Ind. I, 268. Usubis

1896.) G. King—Waterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 423

triphylla, Burm. FI. Ind. 89, t. 32, f.1. O. Schmidelia, Pers. Syn. I,

412. Schmidelia Kobbe, Lamk. Ill. II, 448, t. 312, £2. S. Cobbe, DC.

Prodr. I, 610; W. and A. Prodr. 109; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 29; Wight

Il), I, 141; Wight Ic. t. 964; Thwaites Enum. 55. Tosxicodendrun

Cobbe, Geertn. Fruct. I, 207, t. 44, f. 5. O. serrata, Roxb. Cor. PI. I,

meen ind. li 266). (0. ‘serrata! DWC. Ue.; Wight Wl. 1, 141;

W. and A. Prodr. 110; Benth. Fl. Austral. I, 455; Wall. Cat. 8061

(O. Malabarica, Hb. Madr.). 8S. racemosa, Linn. Mant. 67; Wall. Cat,

8059. O. Aporetica, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 28; Fl. Ind. II, 264. Aporetica

ternata, J. R. and G. Forst. Charact. Gen. PI. 132, t. 66. O. villosa,

Roxb. Hort. Beng. 28; Fl. Ind. Llc. 265. 8. villosa, Wight Ic. t. 401;

Thwaites, I.c.; Wall. Cat. 8060. S&. Rheedii, Wight Ic. t. 964; Spic.

Neilgh. Bot. 33. O. glabra, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 28; FI. Ind. lc. 267.

Allophyllus lanatus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 88; Fl. Ind. II, 263. 8. dista-

chya, DO. 1.c. 610. 8S. Aporetica, Wall. Cat. 8058; Kurz in Journ. As.

Soc, Beng, 1870, II, 74. 8S. glabra, Wall. Cat. 8057; Steud. Nom. ed,

2, 11, 531. Pometia ternata, G. Forst. Fl. Ins. Austr. Prodr. 74 (1786). ?

S. dentata, Wall. ex Voigt Hort. Sub. Cale. 93. Schmidelia (Allophylius)

ornitrophioides, Herb. Roxb.; Wall. Cat. 8055. 8. adenophylla, Wall.

Cat. 8063. 8S. vestita, Wall, Cat. 8066. 8. temourensis, DC. Prodr. I,

611. S. orientalis, Sw. FI. Ind. Occ. IT, 666. 8S. ternata, Cambess. in

Mém. Mus. Par. XVIII, 24. O. asiatica, Hort. ex Steud. Nom. ed. 2, IT,

230.—Rheede, Hort. Mal. V, t. 25.

In all the Provinces.—Disrris. British India, the Malayan Archi-

pelago.

A widely distributed and, within certain limits, a variable species

to which a variety of names have been given. The synonymy has been

most carefully gone into by Mr. Hiern, whose summary of it I have

copied bodily from the Flora of British India.

Mr. Hiern has prepared the following table of varieties, which I

also copy :—

“ Leaflets oval or ovate.

Glabrescent or somewhat hairy.

Leaflets crenate-dentate. Bracts short ... . Facemosa.

Leaflets serrate-denticulate. Bracts subulate «. serrata.

Shoots and leaves very hairy ... abe ... villosa.

Leaflets oval-oblong or lanceolate-acuminate.

Leaflets subentire or serrulate. Bracts short .. glabra.

Leaflets acutely serrate. Bracts long, linear “eg

Racemes simple, 2 together. Petals not declinate,

but the place of the fifth petal vacant .» @istachya.

Racemes branched, solitary as sits Rheedigy

Aporetica,

424 G,. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (No. 3,

3. DitreLasmA, Hook. fil.

A tree. Leaves alternate, pinnate, exstipulate ; leaflets subopposite

or alternate, entire. Panicles terminal, bracteate. Flowers polygamo-

moneecious. Sepals 5, oblong, rounded at the apex, unequal. Petals 4,

erect, oblong, concave, tomentose outside, the place of the fifth vacant;

scale large obovate-oblong, densely shaggy-crested, incurved at the apex.

Disc semilunate-annular, much wider at one side, glabrous. Stamens

8, inserted around the base of the ovary, unequal ; filaments villous,

slender at the tip; anthers small, shortly exserted. Ovary sub-globose,

glabrous, 3-lobed, 3-celled, contracted at the apex into a short erect style,

stigma shortly 3-lobed; ovwle solitary in each cell. Fruit 1-3-coccons,

2-seoments usually smaller or obsolete, rather fleshy, indehiscent. Seed

globose, exarillate, exalbuminous; testa thick, bony; embryo curved;

cotyledons large, unequal, incurved ; radicle short, incumbent. — DistkrB.

A single species. :

DirrenasmMA Rarak, Hook. fil. in Benth. and Hook. fil. Gen.

Plantar. 1, 396. <A tree 50 or 60 feet high; young branches stout, with

pale puberulous bark. Leaves 10 to 18 in. long; leaflets 6 to 12 pairs,

usually oblong-lanceolate, rarely oblong-oblanceolate, often slightly ob-

lique, the apex acute, the base cuneate, quite glabrous ; main nerves

numerous, faint; length 3 to 4 in., breadth °75 to 1°5 in., petiolule °1 in.

or less. Panicles terminal, erect, many-branched, puberulous, usually

shorter than the leaves. Flowers *2 in. long, pale yellow or white.

Hiern in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 672; Kurz For. Flora Burma, I, 297.’

Sapindus Rarak, DC. Prodr. I, 608; Blume Rumph. III. 93, t. 197.

2S. pinnatus, Mill. Gard. Dict. No. 3. S&. saponaria, Lour. FI.

Cochinch. 238 (not of Linn.)—Rumph. Herb. Amboin. II, 134.

Malacca: Griffith, Maingay.—Disrris. Burma, Cochin-China, Java.

4, ERriogLossum, Blume.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves unequally-pinnate, exstipulate, alternate.

Leaflets opposite or subopposite, entire. Panicles terminal, erect, with

elongated racemose branches. Flowers polygamo-diccious, irregular,

white. Sepals 5, unequal, orbicular, concave, imbricated, the two outer

ones smaller. Petals 4, unequal, obovate, clawed, the place of the 5th

vacant; scale hairy, hooded, with an apical lobed appendage. Disc one-

sided, lobed. Stamens 8, turned to one side; filaments unequal, hairy,

anthers sub-exserted. Ovary stipitate, obcordate, 3-lobed, 3-celled ; style

slender, stigma obscurely 3-lobed; ovules solitary in the cells of the

ovary, ascending. Fruit 1-3-lobed to the base; the lobes oblong, inde-

hiscent, diverging. Seeds oblong, exarillate, exalbuminous, testa mem-

- ts J

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 425

branous ; embryo straight; cotyledons thick.—Distr1s. Species 4, three

tropical Asiatic and one African.

ERIOGLOSSUM EDULE, Blume Bijdr. 229. <A large shrub or tree;

young shoots petioles and rachises of leaves and inflorescence more or

less rusty-pubescent. Leaves 8 to 20 in, long; leaflets 4 to 13, oblong-

lanceolate to elliptic, acute or acuminate, slightly oblique especially: at

the cuneate base, upper surface sparsely puberulous to glabrescent, the

midrib tomentose ; the lower softly tomentose to glaberulous and usually

dark-coloured ; main nerves 6 to 10 pairs, length 2°5 to 7 in., breadth

"75 to 2°25 in. Panicles sometimes longer than the leaves. Flowers on

short pedicels, clustered, sub-globular, 1 to ‘15 in. in diam. Fruit glab-

rous, the lobes oblong, *4.in. long. Benth. Fl. Austral. 1, 454; Hiern

in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 672. EH. rubiginosum, Brand. For. Fl. 108.

Pancovia rubiginosa, Baill. Kurz For. Flora Burma, I, 296. Moulinsia

cupanioides, Cambess. in Mém. Mus. Par. XVIII. 27, 40, t. 2. Sapindus

rubiginosa, Roxb. Cor. Pl. I, 44, t. 62; Fl. Ind. II, 282; W.and A.

Prodr. I, 112; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 29; Wall. Cat. 8041; Griff. Notul.

iV, 548; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. FJ. Suppl. 14; Wall. Cat. 8041D.

S. fraxinifolius, DC. Prodr. I, 608. M. rubiginosa, G. Don. Gen. Syst.

1, 667. SS. longifolius, Wall. Cat. 8046.

In all the Provinces: rather common.

5. APHANIA, Blume.

Trees or shrubs with pinnate (usually equally) exstipulate rarely

with simple leaves; leaflets 1 to 6 pairs. Flowers in panicles or

racemes. Sepals 4 or 5, widely imbricate. Petals 4 to 6, small, with

infolded basal auricles or with a basal scale. Disc regular, slightly

lobed. Stamens 5, rarely 3. Fruit deeply divided into 2 (rarely into 3)

ellipsoid or sub-3-gonous divergent lobes united only at the base; the

endocarp thin cartilaginous or crustaceous.—Distris. about 12 species,

tropical Asiatic and African, one in New Guinea.

Leaves pinnate.

Inflorescence racemose 600 ow» Ll. A. paucyuga.

‘Inflorescence paniculate ... .. 2 A. montana.

Leaves simple 7. ‘on own As Danura.

1. ApHAntIA PAuctsuGA, Radlk. in Sitzb. Bayer. Akad. Math. Phys.

TX, (1878), 239. <A tree 60 feet high; young branches cinereous-

puberulous or glabrous. Leaves 5 to 8 in. long, their rachises with 3

faint ridges on the upper surface: leaflets 2 to 4, opposite, oblong-

lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, bluntly acuminate, much narrowed at

the base ; both surfaces quite glabrous, the upper shining, the lower

paler and dull; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, spreading, not conspicuous :

426 G. King—Waterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (No. 3,

length 3°5 to 8:5 in., breadth 1:2 to 3 in., petiolules "2in. Racemes

solitary or in pairs, axillary, usually longer than the leaves, slender,

adpressed-puberulous, sparsely flowered: pedicels slender, bracteoles

minute. Flowers globular before expansion, *15 in. in diam. Sepals 5,

red, orbicular, slightly concave, much imbricate. Petals smaller than

the sepals, the edges infolded at the base so as to simulate 2 scales, some-

times absent. Stamens 8, inserted inside the pentagonous disc; jila-

ments hairy at the base; anthers short, ovate, obtuse. Ovary stalled,

compressed, broadly ovate, with short glabrous sub-connate styles, 2-

celled. Fruit deeply 2-lobed; the lobes divergent, obovate, each “25 in.

long, style persistent between the bases of the lobes. Otophora paucijuga,

Hiern in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 680.

Malacca: Maingay, No. 462. Perak: Scortechini, No. 1674,

The leaflets in Scortechini’s specimens are rather larger than in

Maingay’s; in other respects they agree.

2. APHANIA MONTANA, Blume Bijdr. 236. A shrub; young branches

glabrous, minutely lenticellate, Leaves 6 to 12 in. long, unequally pin-

nate: leaflets 3 to 5, elliptic to oblong, sub-acute, the base cuneate, both

surfaces glabrous and minutely reticulate; main nerves 8 to 10 pairs;

length 4°5 to 6 in., breadth 1°75 to 3 in., petiolules ‘25 in. Panieles

axillary, 4 to 9 in. long, solitary. or in fascicles of 2 or 3, each with a

few lax raceme-like branches, rusty-puberulous. Flowers about *25 in.

in diam. Sepals 4, in decussate pairs, ovate-rotund. Pefals 4, ovate,

glabrous, the edges fimbriate like those of the sepals; each with a short

fimbriate basal scale. Dizsc fleshy, lobed, sub-pubescent. Stamens 8, with

short thick pubescent filaments inserted inside the dise: anthers ovate,

slightly sagittate. Ovary 2-celled; style short, glabrous. Fruit 1- usu-

ally 2-coccous, fleshy, glabrous: the cocci divaricate, ellipsoid, about

‘Sin. long. Sapindus montanus, Blume Rumphia, 197: Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

I, pt. 2. p. 552.

Nicobar and Andaman Islands: King’s Collectors. Nicobars:

Jelinek.

3. ApPHANIA DanurA, Radlk. tiber die Sapind. Holland-Indiens, 69.

A shrub, all parts except the inflorescence glabrous. Leaves simple,

sub-verticellate or alternate, sub-coriaceous, oblong, elliptic, oblanceo-

late or obovate, acute or acuminate, narrowed to the sometimes cordate

base : both surfaces reticulate and shining; main nerves 10 to 16 pairs,

faint, spreading ; length 8 to 12 in., breadth 1°5 to 3°5 in.; petiole “3 in.”

to ‘lin., stout. Panicle terminal, on a long peduncle, puberulous; the

branches spreading, divergent. lowers numerous, pink, bracts minute.

Sepals 5, unequal, sub-rotund, concave. Petals 5, equal, ovate, emargi-

nate, each with a bifid woolly scale at its base. Disc annular. Stamens

1896.] G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 427

6 to 8. Ovary 2-celled, stigma bifid. Fruit 2-coccous; each coecus

ellipsoid, pulpy, ‘35 to °5 in. long. Sapindus Danura, Voigt Hort.

Bot. Suburb. Calc. 94: Hiera in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 684; Kurz For.

Flora, Burma, I, 298. Scytalia Danura, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 29; Fl. Ind.

I, 274. Sc. verticillata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 29; Fl. Ind. II, 273.

Euphoria verticillata, Lindl, Bot. Reg. t. 1059; Wall. Cat. 8052 A, B, C.

Dimocarpus verticillata, Hb. Roxb. ex Wall. lc. A. Nephelium verticil-

latum, G. Don Gen. Syst. I, 670. H. Danura, Wall. Cat. 8051. Didy-

mococcus Danura, Blume Rumph. III, 105. D. verticillatus, Blume I.c.

Nicobar Islands ; Kurz,— Distris. British India.

6. LepisantHes, Blume.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves pinnate, exstipulate, alternate; leaflets

entire, subopposite. Injlorescence axillary or lateral, in paniculate

spikes. Flowers regular or irregular, polygamo-dicecious. Sepals 5-4,

widely imbricated in two rows. Petals 5-4, equal, each having at the

base one or two short wide inflected scales. Disc annular, regular or

irregular (one-sided), Stamens 8 or 10, erect, inserted within the disc.

Ovary sessile, 3-sided, 3-celled ; ovules solitary ; style simple; stigma blunt

or trigonous. Fruit 3-celled, 2S aided: not lobed. Seeds solitary, erect,

exalbuminous; cotyledons very thick, unequal. Distriz. about 16

species, tropical Asiatic.

Panicles 9 to 12 in. long.

* Pruit 1:5 in. in diam. ne .. Ll. LL. Kunstleri.

Fruit °8 in. in diam. mei . 2 Lb. andamanica.

Panicles 1 to 3 in. lone.

Leaflets 4 to 9 in. long dee fee ou i Neameata.

Leaflets 12 to 18 in. long,

Fruit tomentose but not echinate we A DL. Scortechinit.

Fruit tomentose and echinate » oO, LL. longifolia.

1. Lepisanraes Kounstiuri, King n. sp. A tree 30 to 60 feet

high ; young branches stout. Leaves 30 to 40 inches long, their rachises

glabrous: leaflets about 12, . subopposite, oblong or elliptic-oblong,

shortly cuspidate, the base rounded, both surfaces glabrous and reti-

culate; main nerves 9 to 13 pairs, spreading slightly, ascending ; length

6 to 12 in., breadth 2°5 to 3°5 in.; petiolules 3 to*4in., stout. Panicles

slightly supra-axillary, erect, few-branched, shortly pedunculate, 9 to

12 in. long: ultimate branchlets cymose, 3- to 5-flowered, minutely

tomentose. Flowers ‘4 in. long, globular in bud. Sepals 5, concave,

minutely tomentose outside. Petals 5, sericeous in the lower half exter-

nally, glabrous in the upper, each with an inflected glabrous bifid basal

scale, Stamens 8, the filaments sericeous. Disc semi-lunar, glabrous.

428 G. King—NMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

Ovary (in male flower) rudimentary. Fruit sub-globular, with or 3

broad rounded angles, densely rusty-tomentose, 1°5 in. in diam., the

pericarp crustaceous : seeds 3, large.

Perak: King’s Collector, Nos. 4634, 7359.

This resembles L. montana to some extent; but has much larger

leaves, a more robust and longer inflorescence and larger flowers and

fruit. I have not seen female flowers and therefore cannot describe the

ovary.

2. LEPISANTHES ANDAMANICA, King n.sp. A tree? young branches

pale when dry, glabrous like all the other parts except the inflorescence.

Leaves 7 to 12 in. long, equally pinnate: leaflets 2 to 4, coriaceous, pale

when dry, elliptic-oblanceolate, subacute, slightly oblique aud much

narrowed to the base, both surfaces minutely reticulate ; main nerves

5 to 8 pairs, spreading, slightly prominent beneath: length 4 to 7 in.,

breadth 1°35 to 2°75 in.; petiolules ‘2 to ‘5in,, stout. Panicles 8 to 10 in.

long, with 3 or 5 narrow raceme-like puberulous branches, the ultimate

branchlets being few-flowered cymelets. Flowers *25 in. in diam., pedi-

cellate. Sepals 5, unequal, obovate, blunt, tomentose outside. Petals 5,

narrowly obovate-oblong, glabrous with a villous claw and a large oblong

basal scale. Stamens 8, the anthers glabrous and short, the filaments long

and villous. Fruit sub-globular, with 3 deep vertical ridges, minutely

tomentose, slightly apiculate and with a short thick pseudo-stalk, 3-

celled, 3-seeded ; the pericarp crustaceous, °8 in. long, and about as

broad.

Andaman Islands: King’s Collector.

3. LEPISANTHES CUNEATA, Hiern in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 680.

A shrub ; young branches tawny-puberulous. Leaves 15 to 30 in. long,

the rachises puberulous or minutely tomentose ; leaflets 10 to 14, sub-

opposite or alternate, oblong or elliptic-oblong, the apex bluntly and

shortly cuspidate, the base much narrowed ; both surfaces reticulate, the

lower slightly puberulous towards the base ; main nerves 8 to 14 pairs,

spreading, curving upwards, rather prominent beneath ; length 4 to 9

in., breadth 1°5 to 2°75 in., petiolules *25 to -35 in. Panicles narrow

and spike-like, in fascicles of 3 to 5, axillary or slightly above the

leaves, 1 to 3 in. long. Flowers ‘1 in. in diam. ; bracteoles subulate,

minute. Sepals sub-rotund, puberulcus. Petals 5, glabrous, each with

a single inflected scale at its base. Fruit broadly ovoid, compressed,

with a vertical groove, densely and minutely cinereous-tomentose,

crowned by the persistent style and obscurely 2-lobed stigma, two-celled

and with a single seed in each cell, ‘25 in. broad and about the same in

length.

Penang: Porter, Curtis, No. 3009. Perak: Wray, Nos. 1400,

1990, 3563 : King’s Collector, Nos. 3059, 7072.

. wie es

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 429

4, LePISANTHES Scortecninit, King n. sp. <A tree? Leaves 2 to

3 feet long, abruptly pinnate: leaflets usually 8, sub-opposite, elliptic-

oblong, the apex shortly acuminate, the base slightly cuneate ; both

surfaces glabrous except the midrib and nerves on the lower; main

nerves 12 to 14 pairs, spreading, bold beneath and puberulous; length

12 to 18 in., breadth 5 to 7 in.; petiolules -75 to 1 in. long, stout.

Panicles narrow, raceme-like, axillary, only 2 in. long, pubescent ; bracts

and bracteoles narrow, ‘25 in. long; pedicels hairy, °25 in. long : flower-

buds sub-compressed, ‘3 in. in diam. Sepals 5, concave, widely imbri-

eate. Petals 5, each with a recurved scale at its base. Disc glabrous.

Stamens 8, the filaments hairy, the anthers oblong. Rudimentary ovary

(in male flower) hairy. Fruit sharply 3-angled, with three deep vertical

grooves, densely but minutely rusty-tomentose, 1 in. long and about as

broad.

Perak: Scortechini, No. 2090. |

Fr. Scortechini’s specimens are in fruit only. The above descrip-

tion of the flower has been compiled from his field notes on his speci-

mens. The species is notable for its large leaflets.

5. LEPISANTHES LONGIFOLIA, Radlkofer tiber die Sapindaceen Hol-

landisch-Indiens, p. 35. A shrub 8 to.20 feet high: young parts and

inflorescence minutely rusty-tomentose. Leaves 2 to 2°5 feet long;

leaflets about 6, opposite or sub-opposite, narrowly oblong, shortly acumi-

nate or acute, the base narrowed, glabrous on both surfaces; main

nerves 14 to 18 pairs, spreading ; length 12 to 15 in., breadth 2 to 4 in. ;’

petiolules “4 to °8 in., puberulous like the rachis. Racemes solitary or

crowded, sometimes branched, axillary or supra-axillary, 2 to 3 in. long.

Flowers °5 in. long, tomentose ; bracteoles subulate, about ‘15 in. long.

Petals 5, obovate-oblong ; the basal scale single, short, hairy, flat, entire

or bifid. Frat depressed-globular, trigonous and with 3 broad vertical

furrows, softly echinate and densely rusty-tomentose, length 1 in., breadth

about °8 in. Hemigyrosa longifolia, Hiern in Hook. fil, Fl, Br. Ind,

Pore.

Malacca: Griffith, Maingay, No. 446. Perak: King’s Collector,

Nos. 5539, 8465, 10220.

An uncommon tree of which only a few specimens exist in collec-

tions.

7. OropHora, Blume.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, pinnate, stipulate; leaflets en-

tire. Inflorescence axillary and terminal. Flowers regular, polygamous.

Sepals 4 or 5, concave, widely imbricated. Petals 5, rarely 4, smaller

‘than the sepals, somewhat squamate by inflexion of the subauriculate

J. Ul. 55

430 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

base. Disc complete, annular, crenulate or entire. Stamens 8-9 rarely

5, inserted within the disc; filaments very short; anthers oblong, in-

cluded. Ovary ovate or elliptic, 2- to 3-celled ; ovules solitary, ascending;

stigma subsessile, obtuse, obsoletely 3-4-rayed. Fruit baccate, not

lobed, indehiscent, 3—4- or by abortion 2-1-celled ; seeds arillate ; embryo

straight ; cotyledons thick.— Distris. Species about 12, confined to the

Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.

Leaflets sessile 306 500 Breed ne OB ect dic

Leaflets petiolulate ... 00 .. 2, O. erythrocalyz.

1. OvTopHoRA sESsILIs, King n. sp. A shrub or small tree.

Leaves 30 or 40 in. long, the base of the petioles slightly swollen: leaflets

about 10 or 12, sessile, alternate or sub-opposite, coriaceous, broadly

oblong or elliptic-oblong, shortly cuspidate, the base slightly narrowed

and often minutely cordate: both surfaces glabrous and reticulate, the

upper olivaceous when dry, the lower pale brown: main nerves 9 to

15 pairs, spreading, slightly prominent on both surfaces; length 8 to

12 in., breadth 2°75 to 4 in.; stipules at the very base of the petiole,

ovate-rotund, 2 to 2°5 in. long. Panicles axillary, 8 to 10 in. long,

consisting of 2 or 3 narrow raceme-like branches. Flowers ‘25 in. in

diam., polygamous. Sepals 4, obovate or sub-rotund. Pefais 4, elliptic,

with inflexed scale-like sericeous bases. Stamens 6, with short glabrous

filaments. Fruit ellipsoid, compressed, glabrous, not lobed, nearly 1 in.

long and about half an inch broad.

Perak ; King’s Collector, Nos. 2460, 5043.

_ This resembles O. erythrocalyx, Hiern, but has sessile leaflets which,

as well as the stipules, are moreover larger than those of O. erythro-

calyx.

_ 2. OTOPHORA ERYTHROCALYX, Hiern in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 680.

A small glabrous tree. Leaves 30 to 45 in. long, the petioles thickened

at the base: leaflets 14 to 19, coriaceous, opposite or alternate, elliptic-

oblong to elliptic, shortly cuspidate, the base cuneate, both surfaces

glabrous and reticulate, the upper olivaceous, the lower brown when

dry ; main nerves 10 to 13 pairs, spreading, prominent beneath : length

5 to 8in., breadth 15 to 3 in.; petiolules *4 in., stout: stipules ovate,

6 in. long. Panicles large, many-branched, 20 to 30 in. long (or even

longer), pedicels slender. Flowers *15 to 2 in. long, on slender pedicels.

Sepals 5, red. Petals 5, pale-rose-coloured, each with short inflexed

basal scales. Stamens 8, filaments thick and hairy; anthers pointed,

hairy. Disc glabrous. Ovary 3-gonous, glabrous, the stigma sessile,

3-grooved. Fruit ovoid, 3-gonous, glabrous, 1:5 in. in diam., 3-celled :

seeds arillate.

Malacca: Maingay, No, 447.

1896.] G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 434

8. XeROSPeERMUM, Blume.

Trees. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, abruptly pinnate ; leaflets op-

posite, entire. Racemes axillary and terminal. Flowers regular, poly-

gamo-dicecious. Sepals 4-5, imbricated in 2 rows. Petals 4-5, equal,

spathulate, shorter or but little longer than the sepals, without basat

scales. Stamens 8-7, included, inserted within the annular glabrous

disc. Ovary sessile, didymous, muricated, 2-celled ; ovules solitary in

each cell, ascending. Style short, thick; stigma thick, hairy. Fruit

1-2-lobed ; the lobes ellipsoidal, diverging, muricated with pyramidal

tubercles, indehiscent, glabrous inside. Seeds exarillate; testa coria-

ceous outside, fleshy, pilose, simulating an aril; embryo curved; cotyle-

dons very large, thickly fleshy, superposed.— Disrris. 3 or 4 species all

Malayan.

Sepals and petals 5; leaflets only a single

pair oe onc w- Ll. XX. laevigatum.

Sepals and petals 4; leaflets 1 or 2 pairs.

Leaflets 3 to 6 in. long, minutely reticulate ;

fruit ellipsoid, muricate, not compressed 2. X. muricatum.

Leaflets 4°5 to 8 in. long, transversely reti-

culate ; fruit obliquely elliptic, compressed 3. X. Wallichii.

1. XEROSPERMUM LAEVIGATUM, Radlk. in Sitzb. Bayer. Akad.

Math. Phys. 1878, p. 305. A perfectly glabrous tree. Leaves about

4 in. long, with only a single pair of coriaceous elliptic-oblong

minutely reticulate shortly acuminate leaflets, 2°25 to 3 in. long and 1

to 1:25 in. broad; their petiolules about ‘2 or ‘25 in. long, slender.

Racemes terminal and axillary, usually in fascicles of 2 or 3, often with

a few branchlets. Flowers about ‘15 in. in diam., or slender pedicels.

Sepals 5, rotund, glabrous. Petals 5, spathulate, the limb densely

woolly, the claw slender. Stamens 5; the filaments long and woolly,

the anthers small and glabrous. Disc annular, fleshy, glabrous, waved.

Ovary tomentose, 2-celled. Fruit with 2 or usually only with 1 sharply

muricate obovate-ellipsoid compressed coccus, 1°35 in. long and °85 in.

broad.

Malacca: Griffith (Kew Distrib.), No. 1006/1. Penang: Curtis,

No. 846. Perak: Scortechini, No. 1019. Pahang: Ridley, No. 2641.

2. XEROSPERMUM MURicATUM, Radlk. tiber die Sapind. Hollind.-

Indiens, 37, 70. A tree 50 to 80 feet high: branches glabrous, dark-

coloured when dry. Leaves 4to 9 in. long, equally pinnate: leaflets 2 or

4, elliptic-oblong to elliptic, shortly acuminate, the base cuneate; both

surfaces glabrous and minutely reticulate: main nerves 7 to 9 pairs,

ascending, depressed on the upper, prominent on the lower surface:

432 G,; King—Muterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

length 3 to 6 in., breadth 1°35 to 2 in., petiolules °35 in. Rees

axillary, usually with a few short branchlets, bracteoles small, pedicels

as long as the flower-buds. Flowers ‘2 in.in diam. Sepals 4, rotund,

nearly glabrous but with ciliate edges. Petals 4, shorter than the

sepals, the limb rusty-villous. Disc fleshy, waved. Stamens 8, the

filaments pubescent towards the apex, the anthers glabrous. Fruit

usually reduced by abortion to only one lobe, sharply muricate, 1°25 in.

long and °75 in. in diam. -Xerospermum Norhonianum, Hiern (not of

Blume) in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 686 (Gn part); Kurz For. Flora

Burma, I, 295. Nephelium muricatum, Griffith MSS.

Malacca: Griffith, No. 1004; Maingay, Nos. 444 and 458 also 443

in part; Derry. Perak: very common, King’s Collector, Scortechini.

Singapore: Ridley.—Disrris. Burma,

Though closely allied to X. Norhonianum Radlk. this has more

sharply muricated fruit.

9, XerosperMuM WALLIcHII, King, n. sp. A tree 30 to 40 feet

high ; young branches glabrous, dark-coloured when dry. Leaves 12

to 18 in. long, equally pinnate; leaflets two pairs, coriaceous, elliptic

or obovate-elliptic, shortly and bluntly cuspidate, much narrowed below

the middle to the base, both surfaces glabrous and transversely reti-

culate: main nerves 5 to 7 pairs, depressed on the upper prominent

on the lower surface, ascending ; length 4°5 to 8 in., breadth 2:25 to

4, in.; petiolules ‘25 to “45 in., stout. Racemes axillary, 2 to 4 together,

1 to 2in. long. lowers ‘15 in. in diam. when open, pedicellate. Sepals

4, rotund, concave, glabrous but with minutely ciliate edges. Petals

4, smaller than the sepals, sub-rotund, with very short claws, densely

lanate. Stamens 8; filaments short and lanate, anthers short and elab-

rous. Disc annular, glabrous, fleshy. Ovary broad, compressed, 2-

lobed and 2-celled, pubescent. Fruit usually with 2 cocci but often with

only one, obliquely elliptic, slightly compressed, rarely sub-globular,

minutely rugulose, not muricate, when ripe 1°25 in, long and -75 in.

broad. Wall. Cat. Nos. 8083, 8084.

Singapore and Penang: Wallich. Perak: Wray, Nos. 3419, 3580:

King’s Collector, Nos. 8725, 10611, and 10945. Pahang: Ridley,

No. 2570,

Ridley’s Pahang specimen has nearly globular fruit. But im other

respects it exactly resembles those from the other provinces,

9. NepHenium, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, pinnate, the leaflets

entire. Inflorescence terminal and axillary, paniculate or paniculate-

racemose or racemose. T’lowers regular, polygamous. Calyx 4- to 6-

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Penmsula, 433

lobed, usually cupular, sub-valvate in bud. Petals small, villous, rarely

with 2 scales, often absent. Stamens 6 to 8, inserted within the fleshy

glabrous or pubescent disc ; filaments usually pubescent. Ovary pubes-

cent, often verrucose or setose, 1-2- or rarely 3-lobed, the lobes with 1

cell and 1 ovule. Fruit 1- rarely 2-coccous, indehiscent, oblong or glo-

bose, echinate, tubercled or smooth. Seed ellipsoid or globose, covered

by a pulpy arillus; cotyledons fleshy, not folded.—Distrip. About

twenty species eh Malayan.

Besides the ten species described below, there are in the Calcutta Herbarium

specimens of six other species which I am unable to identify with any published

species but which, for want either of flowers or of fruit, I am unable to describe.

Leaflets quite glabrous on both surfaces.

Fruit rugulose but not at all spiny.

Leaflets elliptic, fruit gibbous at the base 1. WN. glabrum.

Leaflets oblong or ovate-lanceolate, fruit

not gibbous at the base 350 .» 2. N. Longana.

Fruit with short glabrous spines 3. N. rubescens,

Fruit with long sub-compressed pabotalona

flexuose stout setae ’ 4. N. lappaceum.

Leaflets glabrous on the upper “#orface stb:

glaucous and minutely puberulous on the lower

surface, never rusty ; fruit covered with stout

woody spines,

Petals 5.., bee ok wo. oO N, costatum.

Petals 0.

Leaflets with 9 to 13 pairs of main nerves 6. WN. chryseum.

Leaflets with 16 to 24 pairs of main nerves 7. WN, hamulatum.

Leaflets glabrous on the upper surface, the

lower surface more or less rusty-puberulous or

pubescent.

Petals 0; fruit densely covered with flexuose

compressed soft spines ait .. 8. WN. ophiodes.

Petals 5.

Leaflets oblong, rarely obovate-oblong ;

fruit densely covered with flexuose com-

pressed soft spines . 9. WN. eriopetalum.

Leaflets elliptic, fruit sete iaterclod or

almost smooth ... sae . 10. N. malaiense.

Doubtful species ae ae we LL. Ni sufferugineum.

1. NeEPHELIUM GLABRUM, Noronha in Batayv. Genootsch. Nerh. V,

80. A tree 60 to 80 feet high ; young branches glabrous. Leaves 7 to

11 in. long: leaflets 4 to 6, coriaceous, elliptic, acute or very shortly and

434 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

bluntly acuminate, eutire, the base cuneate: both surfaces glabrous and

reticulate ; main nerves 8 to 1U pairs, spreading and curving upwards ;

length 3 to 4°5 in, breadth 1:5 to 2°25 in., petiolules ‘4 to ‘6 in. Panicles

shorter than the leaves, formed of several slender puberulous raceme-like

branches bearing the flowers in few-flowered cymules. Flowers less than

‘lin. in diam, dicecious. Maze FroweER: sepals 5, rotund, pubescent ;

petals 0; stamens 6 or 7, the filaments pubescent, exserted ; the ovary

rudimentary, FrvatE rrowEr: calyx 5-toothed, pubescent ; stamens not

exserted, the filaments very short; ovary obovate-oblong, 1-celled (the

other cell aborted) rugulose, pubescent; the style from the base of one

side of it, recurved at the apex, not bifid. Fruit narrowly oblong or

clavate, slightly gibbous at the base, sub-glabrous, rugulose but not

echinate, 1 in. or more in length, and ‘6 or ‘7 in. broad. Reinw. in

Blume’s Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor.; Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. 290; Hiern in Hook.

fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 687. Huphoria glabra, Bl. Bijdr. 233. Nepheliwm

Maingayi, Hiern in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 688. N. lappacewm, Linn.

var. glabrum, Bl. Radlk. tiber die Sapindac. Hollandisch-Indiens, 73, 74.

Malacca: Griffith, Maingay, Derry, Nos. 60, 1171. Singapore :

Ridley, Nos. 6210, 6212, 6531, 6070. Perak: Scortechini; King’s Col-

lector, Nos. 1058, 3789, 5346, 10621. ;

This species differs from N. lappacewm in so many respects that

I cannot at all agree in the view, even although it be held by so great

a master of the order as Professor Radlkofer, that it is a mere variety

of that species. The one-celled ovary, single style and stigma appear

to me to distinguish it at once, not to mention the absence of setae on

the ripe fruit and the more slender inflorescence and smaller flowers.

2. Nepuetium Loncana, Camb. in Mém. Mus. Par. XVIII, 30. A

tree 30 to 40 feet high: young shoots rusty puberulous. Leaves 4 to 18

in. long, equally or unequally pinnate, the rachis rusty-puberulous when

young afterwards glabrous: leaflets coriaceous, oblong or ovate-lanceo-

late sometimes slightly oblique, shortly acuminate, the base cuneate :

both surfaces glabrous and reticulate, the lower glaucous ; main nerves

10 to 14 pairs, spreading, rather prominent beneath; length 2°5 to 7 in.,

breadth 1 to 2 in., petiolules °3 tod in. Panicles terminal and axil-

lary, many-branched, puberulous; branches raceme-like, with ultimate

lateral condensed cymules. Flowers pedicelled, about ‘15 in. in diam.

Culyz tomentose, deeply 5- to 6-lobed. Petals 5 or 6, linear-spathulate,

pubescent, nearly as long. as the calyx-lobes. .Stamens 6 to 10, included

in the female exserted in.the male flowers, the filaments pilose towards

the base ; anthers short and glabrous. Ovary 2-3-lobed, tubercled. Fruit-

lobe usually solitary by abortion, globular or (in var. hypoleuca) ovoid,

the epicarp yellowish-red and muricate-areolate, when globose *5 to “75

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 435

in. in diam. Seed solitary, enveloped in a fleshy pale sub-acid arillus.

Bot. Mag. t. 4096; W. and A. Prodr. 113; Grah. Bomb. Pl. 29; Blume

Rumph. III, 108; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 35; Thwaites Enum, 58;

Mig. Fi. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 2,556; Hiernin Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 688, (in

part) ; Trimen Flora Ceylon, I, 309. N. Mora, Gardn. ex Thwaites 2. ¢.

N. Bengalense, G. Don Gen. Syst. I, 570. Scytalia bengalensis, Roxb.

ex G. Donl.c. Sc. Longan, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 29; FJ. Ind. II, 270.

Dimocarpus Longan, Lour. Fl. Cochinch, 233 ; Trans. Hort. Soe. II, t. 28.

Euphoria Longana, Lamk. Dict. III, 574; Bot. Reg. t. 1729; Bedd. FI,

Syly. t. 156; Wall. Cat. 8049. Sapindus bengalensis, Roxb. ex W. and

A., l.c. Dimocarpus undulatus, Wight ex W.and A.,l.c. E. undulata,

Hb. Heyne ex Wall. 1.c. S. monogyna, Hb. Heyne l.c. D. pupilla, Moon

Cat. 31. N. pupillum, Wight Ill. 1,141. Huphoria pupillum, Steud.

Nom. ed. 2, IT, 192. :

In most of the Provinces, but probably cultivated.—Disrriz. The

Tropics generally.

Var. hypoleuca, King. Fruit ovoid, 1 to 1°5 in long. N. hypoleucum,

Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Bengal for 1871, II, 50: for 1874, II, p. 183:

and for 1875, II, p. 187; For. Flora Burma, I, 293: Radlk. Sapind.

Holl.-Ind. 28.

Malacca: Maingay, No. 440.—Distris. Burma.

Hiern reduces N. hypoleucum without recognising it as even a

variety. Radlkofer, on the other hand regards it as a distinct species.

But beyond its oval fruit, I do not see how it differs from typical N.

Longana, L., and I therefore treat it as a variety of the latter.

3. NeEpHELIUM RUFESCENS, Hiern in Hook. fil. Fl.-Br. Ind. J, 688.

A tree 50 to 60 feet high: young branches cinereous-puberulous, soon

becoming glabrous. Leaves 6 to 12 in. long: leaflets 6 to.10, coriaceous,

narrowly oblong or lanceolate-oblong, shortly and bluntly acuminate,

entire, the base cuneate or rounded; both surfaces quite glabrous and

finely reticulate; main nerves 8 to 14 pairs, faint, spreading; length

2 to 5°5 in., breadth °75 to 1°65 in., petiolules -15 to ‘25 in. Panicles

axillary or terminal; the branches racemose, puberulous. Flowers

rather crowded, pedicellate, °2 in. in diam. Calyx with 5 deep ovate

segments with broad bases and acute apices, pubescent. Petals 5, nar-

rowly lanceolate, hairy. Disc small, glabrous. Stamens about 8, exserted,

the anthers short and broad, the filaments pubescent. Ovary with 2

ovate lobes, villous, 2-celled ; style stout, shortly divaricate at the apex.

Fruit with usually only one narrowly-ellipsoid stoutly-echinate glabrous

lobe 1:25 in. long and °5 in. in diam.: the spines short and _ hollow,

compressed and glabrous. Radlk. Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 76. Euphoria

Titchi, Wall. Cat. 8048 G. and H.

436 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

Malacca: Griffith, No. 996 ; Maingay, No. 452. Singapore: Wallich,

Ridley, Nos. 5095, 6211, Perak: King’s Collector, Nos. 6523, 6750,

4, NEPHELIUM LAPPACEUM, Linn. Mant. I, 125. <A tree 30 to 60

feet. high ; young branches rusty-pubescent. Leaves 4 to 10 in. long:

leaflets 4 to 6, elliptic, sub-obovate-elliptic or elliptic-oblong, sub-acute,

entire, the base cuneate: both surfaces glabrous and minutely reticulate ;

main nerves 7 to 9 pairs, ascending, prominent beneath ; length 2°5 to

6 in., breadth 1:25 to 3 in., petiolules*2 to ‘25 in. Panicles shorter than

the leaves, tomentose, terminal and axillary, with numerous racemose

branches. Flowers ‘1 in. in diam., in cymose fascicles on the branches.

Sepals 4 to 6, sub-valvate. Petals 0. Stamens 5 to 8, exserted, the

filaments pubescent. Ovary 2-3-lobed and 2-3-celled, pubescent and

echinate. Style stout, deeply 2-3-lobed ; the lobes divergent, recurved.

Fruit usually with 1 or 2 lobes, each elliptic and densely covered with

long sub-compressed recurved soft puberulous setae with broad bases,

yellowish-orange to dark purple when ripe, 1 in. long, and °75 in. in diam.

(excluding the setae) ;.aril of the seed pale, fleshy, edible. Geertn. Fruct.

II, 272, t. 140, f. 1; Blume Rumph. III, 103: Lamk. Tl. t. 764; Hassk.

Pl. Jav. Rar. 287; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, pt. 2, p. 554; Hiern in Hook. fil.

Fl. Br. Ind, I, 687. Huphoria Nephelium, DC. Prodr. I, 612: Bl. Bijdr.

235; Wall. Cat. 8053 (excl. part of B). Scytalia Ramboutan, Roxb. Hort.

Beng. 29; Fl. Ind, II,271. Dimocarpus crinita, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 234.

N. echinatum, Noronh. in Batayv. Genootsh. Verh. V, 80.

In all the Provinces except the Nicobars and Andamans: often

cultivated for its fruit which is known as the Ram Boutan.

5. Nepwenium costatum, Hiern in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 688.

A tree 50 to 60 feet high: young branches puberulous, slightly lenti-

cellate. Leaves 6 to 12 in. long, equally pinnate: leaflets 4 to 10,

coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate to elliptic, the apex sub-acute or shortly

and bluntly acuminate, the base slightly narrowed but rounded, upper

surface glabrous, the lower minutely puberulous near the nerves but

becoming glabrescent, sub-glaucous; main nerves 10 to 18 pairs,

spreading, prominent beneath: length 2°75 to 5°5 in., breadth 1-25 to

1°75 in., petiolules ‘25 in. Paunicles usually 3 or 4 together, mostly

axillary, 4 to 6 in. long, puberulous, the branches short, racemose.

Flowers *2 in. in diam., pedicelled, in short cymules. Sepals 5, sub-

rotund, thick, minutely tomentose outside and pubescent inside. Petals

5, much smaller than the sepals, spathulate, villous. Dise large, flat,

glabrous. Stamens 8 to 12, exserted, the filaments hairy at the base,

the anthers glabrous. Ovary broadly ovate, 2-lobed, covered with

course villi; style short, stout, simple. Pruit of two or usually of only

one sub-globular lobe densely covered with long stout curved puberu-

1896.] G. King—Muterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 437

lous blunt setae, diam. (when not quite ripe and to the ends of the setae)

°75 in. Radlkofer Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 76. ;

Malacca, Maingay, No. 454. Perak: Scortechini, Nos. 30, 1992.

6. NepPHELIUM cHRYsEUM, Blume Rumphia, III, 105. A tree 30 to

50 feet high: young branches puberulous or glabrescent. Leaves 6 to

12 in. long; their rachises slender, cinereous-puberulous: leaflets 4 to

8, sub-coriaceous, oblong to elliptic-oblong, shortly and often rather

bluntly acuminate; the base much nheeowed and sometimes oblique;

upper surface glabrous and shining, the lower sub-glaucous and sparsely

oo ; main nerves 9 to 13 pairs, spreading and curving: length

2°5 to 5 in., breadth 1-25 to 1°75 in., petiolules 15 in. Panicles axillary,

solitary or several together, 3 to 4 in. long, with few raceme-like

brauches; the flowers shortly pedicelled and in small clusters, -15 in.

in diam. Calyx deeply cut into 5 or 6 broadly-oblong blunt teeth,

minutely tomentose. Petals 0. Stamens 7 or 8, exserted or not; the

anthers broadly ovate, sparsely pubescent; the filaments short, pubes-

cent. Disc sub-glabrous, suleate. Ovary compressed, reniform, bilobed,

rusty-pubescent ; the style stout, pubescent, longer than the ovary, bifid

at the apex, the lobes recurved. Fruit usually 1-lobed, sub-globose,

densely covered with conical compressed striate woody spines, diam.

to the tips of the spines about 2 in.: seed with «a large succulent avril,

Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. Vol. I, pt. 2, p. 554. Huphoria chrysea Korth. MSS.

Perak: King’s Collector, Scortechini. Selangor; Ridley No. 407.

Singapore: Ridley, Nos. 6358, 6374.— Disrris. Borneo.

7. NeEPHELIUM HAMULATUM, Radlk. iib. Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 78. A

tree; young branches rusty-puberulous. Leaves 10 to 15 in. long, their

rachises. rusty-puberulous: leaflets 6 to 10, oblong, shortly acuminate,

rarely acute, the base cuneate; upper surface minutely reticulate aud

glabrous except the puberulous midrib ; the lower sub-glaucous, covered

with very minute pale pubescence, the 16 to 24 pairs of spreading nerves

rusty-pubescent and very prominent ; length 2°5 to 4°5 in., breadth 1 to

1°75 in., petiolules ‘15 in. Panicles terminal or axillary, 4 to 6 in. long;

the branches few, slender and raceme-like, densely tomentose. Flowers

‘1 in. in diam., numerous, in small cymules, on pedicels a little longer

than themselves. Calyx tomentose outside, deeply divided into 4 broad

rather unequal blunt segments. Petals 0. Stamens 6 or 7, exserted,

the anthers broadly-ovate and sub-glabrous, the filaments long and

pubescent, Ovary 2-lobed, rusty-villous. Fruzé with only a single

lobe developed, ovoid, densely covered with stout rusty-puberulous

woody spines with broad slightly compressed sub-glabrous bulbous bases,

nearly 1°5 in. long to the tips of the spines, and 1 in. or more in diam,

Malacca: Maingay, No. 450; Derry, Nos. 1094, 1304,1882,

J. u. 56

438 G.King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. %,

8. NurpHetium opHiopes, Radlk. Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 78. <A tree 50

to 80 feet high: young branches rusty -puberulous. Leaves 12 to 18 in.

long, their rachises 3-angled ; leaflets 6 to 10, very coriaceous, oblong,

rarely elliptic-oblong, very shortly and bluntly acuminate, the base

slightly narrowed and oblique; upper surface glabrous, the lower

minutely scaly and rusty-puberulous; main nerves 15 to 18 pairs,

spreading and curving upwards, slightly depressed on the upper bold and

prominent on the lower surface ; Jenvtl 6 to 8 in., breadth 2 to 2°5 in.,

petiolules *2 to 25 in. Pamicles axillary or terminal, sometimes peduu-

culate, 8 to 16 in. long, much branched, rusty-tomentose. lowers ‘15 in.

in diam., shortly pedicelled. Culya« tomentose, deeply divided into 5 or

6 broadly triangular acute lobes. Petuls 0. Disc glabrous. Stamens 6

to 8, slightly if at all exserted: filaments subulate, pubescent; unthers

short and puberulous. Ovary abortive on one side, broadly ovoid, densely

setose-pubescent, I-celled, Fruit with only one lobe developed,

oblong-ovoid, densely covered with long flexuose puberulons setae,

1:5 in. long and lin. in diam. N. ertopetalum, Hiern in Hook. fil. Fi.

Br. Ind. I, 689 (in part).

Malacca: Maingay, No. 453. Perak: King’s Collector, Nos. 548),

7140. i)

9. NEPHELIUM ERIOPETALUM, Mig. in FI. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 508. A

large tree: the young parts, the rachises of the leaves, the under surfaces

of the leaflets and the inflorescence minutely rusty- or fulvous-tomentose

or pubescent. Leaves 12 to24in. long : leaflets 6 to 10, thickly coriaceous,

oblong, rarely obovate-oblong, sub-acute, slightly narrowed to the

rounded or cuneate base: upper surface glabrous and shining except

the tomentose midrib; the lower brown, tomentose or pubescent, with

the 16 to 24 pairs of spreading main nerves and the transverse reti-

culations prominent ; length 4 to 12 in., breadth 1:65 to 4 im., petiolules

-25 to °35 in., tomentose, stout. Aucemes in small clusters in the leat-

axils, pendent, 4 to 10 in. long (longer in fruit) ; the flowers in glome-

ruli, shortly pedicelled, °25 im. in diam. Calyx with 5 deep triangular

sub-acute spreading teeth, pubescent externally, glabrescent internally,

Petuls 5 or fewer, oblong and blunt, or subspathulate, much narrower

than the calyx-teeth, pubescent. Disc lobulate, pubescent. Stumens

about 10, not exserted, anther oblong, filament short, both sparsely

pubescent. Ovary slightly compressed, 2-lobed, rusty-setose: styles 2,

longer than the ovary, pubescent, divaricating, recurved. Fruit ovoid,

densely covered with flexuose compressed puberulous soft spines, about

2 in. long (measured to the ends of the spines) and about 15 in. in

diam, Hiern in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 689.

Malacca: Maingay, No. 448. Singapore: Ridley, Nos. 4584, 6022.

Perak : Scortechini, No. 143: Wray, No. 1300.--Disrris. Sumatra.

1896.] G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 439

10. Nepnecium MAAtense, Griff. Notul. IV, 549, A tree; young

branches with much scurfy tawny minute pubescence and elongated

lenticels in rows. Leaves 10 to 14 in. long, their rachises angled and

covered with minute tawny scurfy tomentum; leaflets 6 to 8, sub-

opposite, thinly coriaceous, usually elliptic, sometimes elliptic-oblong,

shortly cuspidate, very slightly narrowed to the rounded slightly

oblique base; upper surface glabrous, the lower with small hairs on the

neryes and prominent reticulations ; main nerves 15 to 18 pairs, spread.

ing; length 3°5 to 5 in., breadth 2 to 2°5 in.; petiolules °15 in., tomentose.

Panicle terminal, inifWinealy daktyleliidular-tomentose. 6 to 9 in. long,

branches rather numerous. J lowers in fascicles on the raceme-like

branches, shortly pedicelled, *25 in. in diam. Calyx pubescent, with 5

deep ovate-rotund obtuse lobes. Petals 5, about as long as the calyx-

iobes but narrower, obovate, villous inside. Stamens 8, short, scarcely

exserted ; anthers glabrous, shorter than the filaments. Ovary 2-lebed,

rusty-setose, the style about as long as the ovary; the stigma capitate,

2-lobed. Fruit (fide Hiern) slightly tubercled or almost smooth,

globose, 65 to °75 in.in diam. Seed globular, its arillus fleshy.

Malacca: Griffith, No. 999; Maingay, No, 455,

I have not seen the fruit of ‘Ae and the description above given is

eopied from Hiern.

Doubtful species.

1]. NepuHeLiumM surFeRuGINeuM, Radlk. tb. Sapind. Holland.-Ind,

77. A.tree: young branches minutely rusty-tomentose. Leaves 6 to 8

in. long, the rachises puberulous: leaflets 2 pairs, thinly coriaceous,

elliptic or obovate-elliptic, sub-acute, the base cuneate; upper surface

glabrous and minutely reticulate, the lower minutely densely adpressed-

puberulous ; main nerves 9 to 11 pairs, ascending, rather straight, pro-

minent on the lower surface ; length 2°75 to 4 in., breadth 1°75 to 2°25

in., petiolules *2 in. Panicles about as long as or shorter than the leayes,

crowded, axillary, rusty-pubescent, their branches racemose, Flowers -2

in, in diam., shortly pedicelled. Calyx rusty-tomentose, deeply cui

into 5 broadly ovate sub-acute lobes. Petals 0,° Disc glabrous, Sta-

mens about 8, the anthers glabrous, the filaments subulate and hairy,

Ovary not lobed, sub-globular, rusty- se ere much shorter than the

simple sub-glabrous style,

Malacca: Griffith, No, 1000,

I have not seen fruit of this; but Radlkofer describes it as follows:

—“fructus aculeis brevioribus e basi obconica filiformibus hamato-

_curvatis glabris Jaxius muricatis.” The fruit thus attributed to the

species is however not attached te the branches in-Griffith’s specimens,

440 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

which are the only ones known. It is therefore doubtful whether they

really belong to the former which, but for the pubescence on the under

surface of the leaves, might belong to N. glabram, Noronha.

10. Pomerta, J. R. & G, Forst.

Tall trees. Leaves alternate, pinnate ; leaflets subopposite, entire

or serrate (the lowest pair usually stipuliform). acemes simple or

panicled, elongated, slender. Flowers regular, polygamous, fascicled,

small, shorter than their pedicels. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-4-fid, valvate

in bud. Petals 5-4, small, usually without scales. Disc complete,

annular, lobed. Stamens 4-8, usually 6-4, inserted witliin the dise, at

length much exserted; anthers small. Ovary 2-3-coccous and -celled ;

ovules solitary. Style elongated; stigma obtuse, emarginate. Hrwit

1—2-coccous ; lobes subglobose or ellipsoidal, indehiscent, smooth.

Seeds exalbuminous, covered witha mucilaginous aril.—Distris. Species

about 4, in Malaya Ceylon and Australasia.

Calyx and leaflets quite glabrous, panicles sub-

glabrous... 500 3H .« Ll. P. macrocarpa.

Calyx always pubescent, leafiets glabrous or

pubescent ; inflorescence puberulous or pubes- -

cent.

Leaves 12 to 24 in. long BGC «. 2. LP. pinnate.

Leaves 3 to 8 in. long

Leaflets. oblanceolate, caudate-acuminate ;

petals oblong, much longer than the calyx ;

panicles much longer than the leaves ... 3. P. gracilis.

Leaflets oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, not

caudate-acuminate ; petals often absent, if

present rotund and not much exceeding the

calyx ; panicles not longer than the leaves 4. P. alnifolia.

1. POoOMETIA MACROCARPA, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, Vol. XLIV,

pt. Il, (1875), p. 205. A glabrous tree; leaves 9 to 12 in. long, the

rachises glabrous and the petioles thickened at the base: leajlets coria-

ceous, oblong or elliptic-oblong, slightly unequal-sided, shortly acumi-

nate, the edges with remote glandular teeth, the base rounded ; both sur-

faces quite glabrous, the lower paler and with the reticulations distinct,

the midrib prominent on both ; main nerves 15 to 18 pairs, spreading,

depressed on the upper, prominent on the lower surface; length 4°5 to

6 in., breadth 1°75 to 2 in; petiolules *2 in., stout. Pawicles axillary,

about as long as the leaves, with several sub-glabrous racemoid bran-

ches bearing the flowers in cymules. lowers *] in. in diam., on glabrous

pedicels twice as long as themselves, Calyx glabrous, 5-lebed. Petal

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 441

0. Stamens 5; anthers broadly ovate, glabrous ; filaments pubescent and

thickened towards the base. Ovary sparsely pubescent, 2-lobed. Hrwit

ovoid, glabrous, 1°5 to Zin. long; the pericarp thick, spongy inside.

Seed single with a short arillus. Radlk. tib. Sapind. Holl.-Ind. No. 82.

Malacca: Maingay, No. 463.

A species known only by Maingay’s scanty and imperfect speci-

mens.

2. PoMmeETIA PINNATA, Forst. Char. Gen. 110. A tree 30 to 50

feet high; young branches puberulous or glabrescent. Leaves 12 to 36

in. long, equally pinnate, the rachises angled, the petioles swollen

at the base, glabrous or glabrescent ; leaflets 4 to 12 pairs, sub-opposite,

thinly coriaceous, oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, acute or shortly acu-

minate, the edges coarsely and remotely serrate, the base rounded

sub-cordate or cuneate; the lower leaflets smaller than the upper:

the lowest very small, sub-rotund, and sometimes less than 1 in. long:

the upper varying in length from 4 to 12 in. and in breadth from 1°75

to 4 in.; petiolules *15 in., stout: both surfaces glabrous or puberulous,

often pubescent on the midrib and nerves, the reticulations minute;

main nerves numerous, parallel, prominent beneath. Panicles axillary

or terminal, spreading, puberulous, shorter than the leaves, their

branches spreading and often with auricled bracts at their bases.

Flowers numerous, pedicellate, ‘1 in. in diam., polygamous. Calyx

pubescent, deeply divided into 4 or 5 triangular teeth. Petals 4 or 5,

small, glabrous or slightly pubescent, without a basal scale. Disc

fleshy, lobed, glabrous. Stamens 5 or 6, the anthers glabrous, the

filaments subulate and puberulous. Ovary obcordate, . bilobed : style

longer than the ovary, bifid at the apex. Fruit usually reduced to

a single lobe, ellipsoid, blunt, glabrous, l-seeded, variable in size;

length from *75 to 1°25 in.; diam. from *5 to ‘8 in. P, tomentosa, Kurz

Andaman Report, ed. 2, p. 34; For. Flora Burma, I, 295; Hiern in

Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 691.. Irina glabra, Blume Bijdr. 230; Rum-

phia, III, 113; Hassk. Pl. Jav, Rar. 284; Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. I, pt, 2,

558, Irina diplocardia, Blume Rumphia, III, 115. Pometia eximia,

Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t, 157. Hccremanthus eaimius, Thwaites in Hook. Kew

Journ. VII, 272, t. 9. Nephelium eximium, Thwaites Enum. 57.—

Rumph. Herb. Amboin. III, 31, t. 17.

Malacca: Maingay, No. 459. Perak: very common; King’s Col-

lector.—Distris. Ceylon.

3. Pometia GRAcinis, King n.sp. A tree 40 to 50 feet high; the

branches slender, drooping, the youngest cinereous-puberulous, minutely

lenticellate. Leaves 5 to 8 in. long, their rachises minutely rusty-

pubescent ; leaflets 5 to 8, opposite, membranous, the upper ones the

442° G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. {No. 3,

largest and oblanccolate, the lower often oblong, all candate-acuminate,

the edges with small remote glandular teeth ; the base much narrowed

in the upper leaflets oblique and rather rounded in the lower: upper

surface reticulate, shining, glabrous except the pubescent midrib, the

lower reticulate and glabrous but pubescent on the midrib and nerves;

length 3 to 6 in., breadth 1 to 1°6 in.; petiolules ‘1 in. or less, pubes-

cent. Panicles much longer than the leaves, axillary or terminal,

slender, with a few raceme-like branches bearing the flowers in small

uniparous lateral cymules. Flowers *05 in. in diam. Calyx campanu-

late, deeply divided into 5 ovate sub-acute pubescent teeth. Petals

5, longer than the calyx, oblong, truncate, pubescent inside. Stamens

5, exserted, the anthers broadly ovate, glabrous: filaments long, pubes-

cent and thickened at the base. Disc cupular, fleshy, glabrous. Ovary

bilobed, rusty-pubescent; style short, glabrous. Fruit with 2 or more

often with 1 ellipsoid glabrous shining lobe, °75 in. long and °5 in. in

diam.

Perak : King’s Collectors, Nos. 3479, 3607, 3781, 4514, 7255 ; Wray,

No. 2912. Singapore: Ridley, No. 6373.

This differs from P. alnifolia in having its leaflets caudate-acu-

minate at the apex and much more narrowed at the base, and in the

midribs and nerves on the lower surface being pubescent as well as the

midrib on the upper. The panicles are besides very much longer, and

the flowers have longer pedicels than in P. alnifolia ; while the petals,

which seem to be always present, much exceed the calyx-lobes.

4, Pomeria ALNIFOLIA, Radlk. tber Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 30. <A: tree

50 to 70 feet’ high: young branches pubescent, reddish when young.

Leaves 3 to 8 in. long, equally or unequally pinnate, the rachises slender

and pubescent, the petiole not swollen at the base but often with a

minute stipule-like leaflet, Leaflets 6 to 9, opposite or alternate, oblong

or oblanceolate-oblong, sub-coriaceous, shortly acuminate, the edges

with remote minute glandular teeth, slightly narrowed to the rounded

or cunéate base; upper surface glabrous, shining; the lower pale and

with a few scattered hairs ; main nerves spreading, uumerous, parallel,

prominent below, length of the upper leaflets 3 or 4 im,, breadth

‘9 to 1:25 in., the lower leaflets smaller and the lowest of all

minute. Panicles terminal, axillary, minutely tomentose, about as

Tong as the leaves, with a few racemoid branches bearing the flowers

in lateral cymules. Flowers less than ‘1 in. in diam. ; bracts linear,

pubescent, pedicels short. Calyx with 5 deep valvate puberulous tri-

angular segments. Petals 5, usually shorter than the calyx, sub-rotund,

villous at the apex inside, or absent. Stwmens 5, shghtly exserted, the

anthers short, the filaments glabrous. D¢sc cupular, fleshy, glabrous,

1896.| G. King—MWMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 448

Ovary obeordate, 2-lobed, pubescent, style glabrous. Fruit usually with

only one properly developed lobe (the other sub-aborted) oval and

blunt, or sub-globose, glabrous, 1 in. long and ‘5 in. in diam. ; when

globular *5 to 6 in. in diam. Iriva aliifolia, Blume Rumphia III, 117.

Perak: King’s Collector, Nos. 3790, 6949, 7774, 7983, 8212; Scorte-

chini, No. 113; Wray, No. 1336. Singapore: Ridley, 6372. Penang :

Curtis, No. 1600.

A species with much smaller leaves leaflets and inflorescence than

P, pinnala, Forst. Miquel (FI. Ind. Bat. Vol. I, pt. 2, 558) reduces it to

T. tomentosa, Bl. which is in my opinion doubtfully distinct from 7.

giabra, Blume. But P. alnijulia appears to me a perfectly good distinct

species recognisable at a glance from every form of P. jrinnata, Forst.

Besides the preceding there are in the Herbarium Caleutta two species

of Pometia which, for want of complete material, Ido not deseribe. One

of these is from Penang (Curtis, No. 1668). It has entire leaflets some-

what like those of P. alnifolia and globular fruit. Flowers are quite

wanting. For it I propose the name P. Curtisii, The other is from

Neeri Sembilan, communicated by Mr. H. N. Ridley. It also has leaflets

somewhat like those of P. alnifolia, but broader and with entire undu-

late edges, The inflorescence and flowers. are quite glabrous. Fruit

is wanting. To this I have given the MSS. name P. Ridleyi.

11. Gutoa, Cay.

Erect shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, exstipulate ; - leaflets 1 to 6

(varely 10) pairs; more or less lanceolate, oblique, entire, often . coria-

ceous. Flowers in simple or branched racemes, axillary or from the axils

of fallen leaves, sub-globose in bud. Sepals 5, ovate-rotund, thick, con-

cave, imbricate in 2 rows, pubescent at the edges. Petals 5, each with 2

‘pectinate scales. Disc entire, annular, or semilunar, or crescentic.

Stamens 8. Ovary 3-angled, with a single curved style and 3-lobed

stigma. Fruit sessile or pedicelled, obliquely obcordate, boldly 3-winged,

glabrous, the ivterior of the pericarp cartilaginous. Seeds wholly or

partly enveloped in a thin arillus with 2 flexuose appendages. Coty-

ledons fleshy and oily, the inner obliquely conduplicate; the radicle

inferior.—Distris. About 33 species Malayan and Australian.

Rachises of the Jeaves narrowly winged .. 1, G. pleuropteris.

Rachises of the leaves terete |

Leaflets glabrous on both surfaces _ 2. G. squamosa.

Leaflets sparsely pubescent on the sae

pubescent on the lower surface., . 3B. G. fusctdula,

Leaflets densely tomentose on ths lower sur-

face He oe he we 4A OG. pubescens.

444. G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. {No. 3,

J. Guroa PLevRoprerts, Radlk. in Sitzb. Bayer. Akad. Math.

Phys. 1X (1839), p. 61]. A shrub or sometimes a tree: young brauches

minutely rusty-pubescent. Leaves 4 to 7 in. long, their rachises war-

rowly winged and puberulous, usually unequally pinnate: Laflets 3

to 7, ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblanceolate, acute or broadly and shortly

cuspidate, the base cuueite: upper surface with short scattered hairs ;

the lower pale, minutely punctate and more pubescent than the upper:

main nerves about 5 pairs, rather distinct beneath: length 2°5 to 45

in., breadth 1 to 1°75 in., petiolules ‘lin. Racemes branched, 2 to 4 in.

long. Fruit °75 in. broad, the wings narrow, contracted below into

a short pseudostalk, pedicel “3 in. long. Cupania pleuropteris, Blame

Rumphia ITI, 158; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Vol. 1, pt. 2, 564; UC. pleuropteris var.

apiculata, Hiern in Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. I, 677. Cupania Griffithiaua,

Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Vol. XLLV, pt. 2, (1875), p. 188, in part ;

For. Flora Burma, I, 284.

Malacca: Maingay, No. 442. Johore: Ridley, No. 4064. Pahang:

Ridley. Perak: King’s Collector, Nos. 311, 1136.—Disrris. Sumatra

Rieu, Borneo.

Var. bijuga. Leaflets 2 pairs, the rachis slightly dilated towards the

apex. G. byuga, Radlk. 1. c. 611. Cupunia pleuropteris, var. bijuga,

Hiern in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 677. CO. (indeterminata) Wall. Cat.

8094. C. Griffithiana, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLIV, pt. 2,

(1875), p. 188.

Malacca: Griffith, No. 984. Maingay, No. 437.

2. Guioa squamosa, Radlk. in Sitzb. Bayer. Akad. Math. Phys. 1X

(1879), p. 609. A slender tree from 20 to 30 feet high; youug branches

rusty-puberulous, dark-coloured when dry. Leaves 6 to 10 in. long,

sometimes foveolate or punctate beneath ; leaflets 4 to 8 pairs, lanceo-

late to ovate-lanceolate, shortly and bluntly acuminate, sub-falcate, the

base narrowed and oblique; both surfaces glabrous; main nerves 8

to 10 pairs, rather distinct beneath, curving, the secondary nerves and

reticulations distinct. Panicles raceme-like, 2 or 3 in. long, almost

glabrous. rwit 1 in. across, the wings broad, subundulate, suddenly

narrowed to a short stout pseudo-stalk; the style persistent, broad at

the base; pedicel -25 in. long. Cupuania regularis, Kurz (not of Blume)

Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, Vol. XLIV, pt. 11 (1875), 188. Cupania glu-

brata, Hiern (not of Kurz), Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 676, Sapindus

squumosus, Wall. (not of Roxb.) and Cat. No. 8097; ‘* Connaracea?”

Wall. Cat. 8550.

Penang: Wallich, King’s Collector, No. 1516. Singapore: Ridley,

No. 6209a, Malacca: Griffith.—D:srris. Java; Burma, Helfer, No.

983. '

1896.] G. King—Maierials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 4406

3. Gutoa FuscipULA, Radlk, in Sitzb. Bayer. Akad. Math. Phys.

1X (1879), p. 609. A tree 30 to 40 feet high: young branches puberu-

Jeus, dark-coloured. Leaves 4 to 12 in. long; leaflets usually equally

pinnate (3 to 4 pairs), elliptic, oblique, sub-acute, slightly narrowed

at the base: the upper surface sparsely puberulous, the midrib pubes-

cent; the lower pubescent, becoming glabrescent when old: main

nerves 6 or 7 pairs, distinct beneath as are the reticulations ; length

2 to 3 in., breadth 1 to 1:5 in., petiolules 2 in. MRacemes about 2 in,

long, pubescent. Scales of petals woolly. Fruit about ‘5 in. broad,

narrowed to a long pseudo-stalk, pedicel ‘25 in. long. Cupania fus-

cidula, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, for 1872, p. 302; For. Flora

Burma, I, 284; Hiern in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I. 677.

Perak: King’s Collector, Nos. 2452, 3818. Burmah (Tenasserim) :

Helfer, No. 993. .

Var. glabrescens, Leaflets, except the midrib, almost glabrous.

Perak: Scortechini, No. 1714.

4. Gutoa PuBescens, Radlk. in Sitzb. Bayer. Akad. Math. Phys. IX

(1879), p. 612. A small tree; young shoots tawny-puberulous. Leaves

6 to 9 in. long, usually equally pinnate, their rachises terete and puberu-

dous; leajlets 4 to 5 pairs, alternate, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, falcate,

acuminate, the bases much narrowed and oblique; upper surface with

a few minute adpressed scattered hairs, the lower densely covered with

minute tawny tomentum; main nerves 5 to 7 pairs, faint, curving;

length 2 to 3 in., breadth °65 to 11 in., petiolules -15in. Panicles race-

mose, about 3 in, long, puberulous. Fruit °6 in. broad, the wings narrow,

pseudo-stalk shorter than the pedicel, pedicel ‘25 in. Cupania pallidula,

Hiern in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 676. OC. Griffithiana, Kurz in Journ.

As. Soc. Beng. XLIV, pt. 2 (1875), p. 188; For. Flora Burma, I, 284

(in part).

Malacca: Griffith, No. 982; Maingay, No. 436. Singapore : Hullett,

Ridley, No. 1912.—Disrris. Java, Sumatra, Bangka.

12. TriconacHras, Radlk.

Trees with pinnate 5- to 10-jugate narrowly lanceolate somewhat

falcate entire eglandular leaflets. Pamnicles racemose, terminal or axillary.

Calye small, cupular, with 5 spreading imbricate segments. Petals

5, each with 2 pectinate scales. Disc entire, swollen, annular. Stamens

8. Fruit large, clavate-pyriform, the” pericarp thick, crustaceous,

bluntly 3-angled, minutely tomentose, 3-celled, usually (by abortion)

only l-seeded. Seed pyriform-ovoid, exarillate.

TRIGONACHRAS AcUTA, Radlk. in Sitzb, Bayer. Akad. Math. Phys. IX

(1879), p. 672. A tree; young shoots rusty-puberulons. Leaves 8 to i2

Sea Tien 0

446 G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

in, long; their rachises terete, glabrous ; leaflets 11 to 15, narrowly

oblong-lanceolate, shining on both surfaces: main nerves 8 to 10 pairs,

faint, spreading ; length 2 to 3°5 in., breadth ‘6 to ‘8 in., petiolules

‘2in. ‘Racemes paniculate, erect, terminal or axillary, tawny-tomentose,

the flowers on long tomentose bracteolate pedicels. Calyz tomentose

externally. Stamens long-exserted, the filaments hairy. Fruit-apiculate,

nearly 2 in. long and 1°2 in. in diam. Cupania acula, Hiern in Hook.

fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 676. Sapindacea, Wall. Cat. 9036.

Singapore: Wallich, Hullett; Ridley, No. 4648. Pahang: Ridley.

Malacca: Maingay, No. 445.

13. AnytTrrRA, Blume.

Shrubs or trees with pinnate L-5-jugate leaves: the leaflets elliptic

or lanceolate, entire, sometimes foveolate in the nerve-axils underneath.

Panicles axillary or terminal. Calyx small, cupular; the sepals 5,

imbricate. Petals 5, each with 2 pectinate basal scales. Disc entire,

annular. Stamens 8. Fruit 2- to 3-celled, shortly stipitate, lobed; the

tobes elliptic, obcordate or obovate, always divaricate: the pericarp

fleshy outside, sclerenchymatous inside. Seed entirely or almost entirely

enveloped in an inappendiculate arillus ; cotyledons. thick, fleshy, super-*

posed, radicle short.—Distris. Malayan Archipelago and Peninsula,

S. China and Australasia; about twenty species.

ARYTERA LITTORALIS, Blume Rumphia, III, 170. A tree 25 to 30 feet

high : young branches rusty-puberulous. Leaves abruptly pinnate, 6 to13

in. long, their rachisesrusty-puberulous becoming glabrescent, not winged ;

leaflets 2 or 3 pairs, elliptic to elliptic-oblong, sub-acuminate, the base

cuneate, both surfaces glabrous; main nerves 8 to 10 pairs, slightly

prominent beneath, ascending, curved; length 3 to 6 in., breadth 1°5

to 3 in.; petiolules °25 in., stout. Panicles axillary, short, many-

branched, rusty-puberulous. Flowers minute. Calyx with 5 short teeth,

pubescent outside. Petals 5, slightly longer than the calyx, broadly

cuneate, obliquely emarginate or bifid at the apex, pubescent on the

upper surface. Anthers puberulous, filaments hairy. Fruit coriaceous,

glabrous, 2-lobed; the lobes usually compressed, oblong, blunt, one of

them often smaller than the other. MRadlkofer in Sitzb. Bayer,

Akad. Math. Phys. IX, (1875), p. 552. Cupania adenophylla, Planch. ex

Hiern in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 677; Kurz For. Flora Burma, I, 285.

Sapindus adenophyllus, Wall. Cat. 8044.

Malacca: Griffith, Maingay, No, 489. Andamans: King’s Col-

lectors. Nicobars: Jelinek. Pahang: Ridley, No. 2162.—Dusrrrs.

Burma: Helfer, 989; Griffith, 988. Sumatra: Forbes, No. 2624.

Var. major. A tree 30 to 70 feet high; leaflets with 12 to 14

pairs of nerves: lobes of fruit oblong, only slightly compressed.

ee ea

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 447 _

Perak: King’s Collector, Nos. 695, 885, 4456 ; Scortechini, No, 20;

Wray, No. 316. Singapore: Ridley, No. 5995. Selangor: Ridley,

No. 1609. .

i4. Muiscnocarpus, Bl.

Trees with alternate exstipulate unequally pinnate leaves : leaflets

i to 5 pairs, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, entire, usually glabrous,

Racemes axillary, simple or branched. Calyx small, cup-shaped,

5-partite, the segments imbricate. Petals 5, each with 2 large pecti-

nate scales, or absent. Disc entire, annular. Stamens 8 or fewer.

Fruit pyriform, blunt, 3-angled or 3-grooved, or smooth, pedicelled, rarely

sessile, 3-celled; the pericarp thin, fleshy, sclerenchymatous inside.

Seeds more or less completely enveloped in a thin arillus with 2 spur-

like processes near its base. Cotyledons lying above each other, radicle

short.—Disrris. About a dozen species, Malayan and Australasian.

Petals 5, minute, caducous ae aw. Ll. WM. fuscescens.

Petals 0.

Fruit truncately pyriform, boldly 3-angled «=. 2. M. sundiacus.

Fruit pyriform, not truncate, not angled ... 3. M. sumatranus.

1, MuiscHocarpus FuscescENS, Blume Rumphia III, 166. A tree

50 to 70 feet high: all parts except the inflorescence glabrous. Leaves

9 to 12 in. long, equally or unequally pinnate ; leaflets 4 to 6, elliptic-

oblong or obleng-lanceolate, sub-acuminate, cuneate at the base, both

surfaces shining and finely reticulate, foveolate in the axils beneath ;

main nerves 12 to 15 pairs, slightly conspicuous beneath, curving: length

4 to 8 in., breadth 1°5 to 2 in.; petiolules °25 in., stout. Panicles

axillary or terminal, erect, puberulous; the branches few, racemose

with the flowers in small cymes. Culyxz sub-valvate, Petals 5, minute.

Stamens 8. Disc hairy. Ovary pyriform, entire, stipitate. Fruit obovoid,

with a faint vertical ridge, glabrous, “4 in. long, its pseudo-stalk °25 in.

long. Radlk. 1. c. 646. Cupania fuscescens, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Vol. I, pt.

2, 567 ; C. Helferi, Hiern in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 679.

Selangor: Ridley, No. 1916. Perak: King’s Collector, No. 2689 ;

Scortechini.—Disrris. British India: Sylhet, Wall. Cat. 8018, 9035.

Burma: Griffith, 987 ; Helfer, 982/1.

2. MiscaocarPpus sunpiAcus, Blume Bijdr. 238; Rumphia III, 167.

A tree 25 to 50 feet high; young branches slightly puberulous or glabrous,

Leaves 6 to 10 im. long, equally er unequally pinnate ; leaflets 8 to 6,

elliptic-oblong or eblong-lanceolate, sub-acuminate, cuneate and some-

times slightly oblique, at the base: both surfaces glabrous, shining

and very minutely reticulate; the lower paler, foveolate in the axils of

the 8 to 10 pairs of faint ascending curying main nerves: length 2°5 te

448 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

6 in., breadth 1°5 to 2 in., petiolules 15. Panicles of a few racemose

branches on which the flowers are arranged as shortly stalked cymes,

slightly puberulous. Fruit ‘25 in. in diam. truncately pyriform, boldly

d-angled, crowned by the short style and narrowed at the base into a

thin pseudo-stalk longer than itself, pedicel ‘15 in. long. Oupania

Lessertiana, Camb. Mém. Mus. XVIII, 46 t. 3; Hasskarl Pl. Jav. Rar.

285; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat, Vol. I, pt. 2, 566; Hiern in Hook. fil. Fl. Br.

Ind. I, 678; Radlk 1. c. 646. Molinaea ? Wall. Cat. 8092.

Singapore: Wallich. Malacca: Maingay, No. 438; Ridley, No. 1908.

Perak: King’s Collector, Nos. 4186, 7265 ; Scortechini, Nos. 953, 1458.

Andamans: King’s Collector. Penang: Curtis, No. 2433.—Disrris.

Burma (Helfer, No. 991); Assam, Khasia, Chittagong.

This species differs very little from M. fuscescens. It has, how-

ever, a less pubescent inflorescence, three petals are often present in the

flowers and the fruit is sharply 3-angled. The young branches in this

are puberulous whereas those of M. fuscescens are quite glabrous.

The fruit of this while young is sharply 3-angled; but as it

ripens the angles become obliterated and it closely resembles that of

M. Sumatranus and M. fuscescens. This species may, however, be dis-

tinguished from these by its smaller leaflets with fewer nerves.

3. MiscnHocarPus sUMATRANUS, Blume, Rumphia IJ, 168. A tree

30 to 50 feet high: all parts except the inflorescence glabrous. Leaves

5 to 12 in. long, with angled rachises : leaflets 4 to 8, elliptic-oblong,

sub-acuminate, the base cuneate, both surfaces minutely reticulate and

shining; main nerves 9 to 12 pairs, curved, the secondary almost as

prominent; length 4 to 8 in., breadth 1°15 to 2-25 in., petiolules -2

to ‘25 in. Panicles as in M. fuscescens. Petals O. Frwit pyriform, °3 in.

in diam., not angled, pseudo-stalk shorter than the fruit and also than

the pedicel, pedicel -2 in. Radlk. J. c. 646. Cupania sumatrana, Miq.

Fl. Ind. Bat. Vol. 1, pt. IJ, 566; Hiern in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 678.

Perak: Scortechini, Nos. 97, 484; King’s Collector, Nos. 3933,

5278, 5391, 5397, 5727, 8307, 8329, 8374, 8403.

This is very closely allied to M. fuscescens which differs in having 5

minute caducous. petals. In all other respects the two agree; and, in

my own opinion they ought not both to rank as species. I keep both

up however out of deference to Radlkofer whose monograph is a signal

example of careful work.

15. Lerprpoppratum, Blume.

Small trees with 2- to 4-jugate pinnate leaves, the leaflets ovate-

lanceolate, entire. Racemes axillary, a few inches long, or thyrsiform.

Sepals 4, united at the base, valvate. Petals 4, smaller than the sepals,

1896.] G. King—Waterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 449

each with one large scale connate to its margins. Stamens 8, the

filaments glabrous. Ovary 2-celled, with a solitary ovule in each cell.

Fruit capsular, coriaceous, obovate, compressed, 2-celled, reddish-brown

when ripe, pericarp fleshy, the endocarp bright scarlet. Seed black

with a mucilaginous coating and a basilar pink fleshy cupular arillus.—

Distris. 6 species from the Nicobars, Sumatra, Philippines and New

Guinea.

LeripoPeTatum Jacktanum, Radlk. in Sitzb. Bayer. Acad. IX, 623.

A small tree: young branches puberulous, soon becoming glabrous.

Leaves 6 to 12 in. long; leaflets 2 to 10, sub-alternate, oblong or ovate-

oblong, sub-acuminate, the base rounded or cuneate, both surfaces quite

glabrous and finely reticulate ; main nerves 7 or 8 pairs, bold beneath,

spreading: length 3 to 5 in., breadth 1:15 to 2 in., petiolules ‘15 in.

Racemes under 2 in. long. lower-buds oval, pointed ; sepals lanceolate.

Petals less than a third of the size of the sepals and alternate with

them. Stamens short, inserted at the base of the ovary, filaments

glabrous; anthers hirsute, oblong. Capsule not loved, coriaceous, com-

pressed, obovate, glabrous outside, hairy inside, minutely apiculate,

1-25 in. long and about ‘8 in. broad, pedicel -25 in. long. Seed solitary,

black ; arillus pale pink or white, viscous. Cupania Jackiana, Hiern in

Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 678. Connarus ? Jackianus, Wall. Cat. 8552.

Prain in Proceed. As. Soc. Beng. 1891, p. 167.

Nicobar Islands ; Jack, Kurz, Prain. Batti Malv, Prain.

Dr. Prain has given in the Journal above quoted an excellent ac-

count from the living plant of this previously little known species, and

from his description mine is largely taken.

16. ParAnepHetium, Miquel.

Trees with alternate exstipulate unequally pinnate leaves: leaflets

opposite or sub-opposite. Flowers panicled, regular, hermaphrodite (or

polygamous?) 4-6-merous. Calyx deeply lobed, the lobes slightly im-

bricate. Petals usually 5, small, each bearing a single scutiform scale

larger than itself (the two forming a pouch). Disc deeply excavated,

entire. Stamens 6 to 10, the filaments subulate, glabrous; the anthers

short, 2-celled, basifixed. Ovary 3-celled, obtusely 3-angled. Fruita

ligneous 3-valved capsule, externally tubercled, lobulate or spinose,

imperfectly 3-celled, 1- to 3-seeded. Seed large, angled, partly covered

by a thin arillus. Cotyledons fleshy, oily, conduplicate.—Disrris.

Malaya and Burma, 3 or 4 species.

Leaflets entire, fruit lobulate ... we iL. P. nitidum.

Leaflets serrate, fruit echinate ... w. 2. P.macrophyllum.

Hiern’s genus Scyphopetalum (1875) is exactly the same as Para-

450 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

nephelium which dates from 1860. Miquel’s genus Mildea (published

in 1867), appears also to be reducible to this. The still older genus of

Compositae bearing the name Paranephelius, Poepp. et. Endl. dates from

1842: but it has been found to be reducible to Liabwm, Adans.

1. PaRANEPHELIUM NiTIDUM, King n. sp. A tree 40 to 60 feet

high: young branches slender, terete, glabrous, lenticellate. Leaves

15 to 18 in. long, their rachises grooved: leaflets 5 to 9, coriaceous,

oblong-lanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate, bluntly acuminate, entire,

much narrowed to the base; both surfaces glabrous and shining; main

nerves 14: to 16 pairs, curving, slightly prominent beneath; length 4°5

to 6°5 in., breadth 1°5 to 1°75 in., petiolules ‘25 in. Pamicles axillary,

3 or 4 in. long, few-branched, very lax; the ultimate branchlets few-

flowered, cymulose. Flowers °2 in. in diam., the style long-projecting,

ovary rusty-pilose ; stigmas 3, short, recurved. Fruit woody, depressed-

globular, the surface deeply and irregularly lobulate, shortly apiculate,

covered with brown scurf, .3-seeded; depth *75 in., breadth 1 in,

(unripe).

Perak: Kine’s Collector, Nos. 7410, 7416.

2. PARANEPHELIUM MACROPHYLLUM, King n. sp. <A tree 20 to 40

feet high: all parts except the inflorescence glabrous. Leaves 18 to 30

in. long, the rachises terete; leaflets 5 to 9, sub-opposite, coriaceous,

oblong, shortly and abruptly cuspidate, the edges with few remote

serrations, cuneate at the base; main nerves 18 to 28 pairs, spreading,

depressed on the upper and prominent on the lower surface ; length 6 to

15 in., breadth 2°5 to 4:5 in.; petiolules *35 in., stout, Panicles pubes-

cent, axillary, erect, few-branched, about 12 in. long, the ultimate

branchlets cymose. lowers *2 in. in diam. Stamens 8, inserted on the

edge of the cupular glabrous lobulate dise. Ovary sub-globular, rusty-

pilose. Fruit globular, woody, the whole surface covered with thick

spines, 3-celled, 1-3-seeded; diam. to end of spines 1 to 1°5 im. (uuripe),

Perak: Scortechini; King’s Collector, Nos. 3157, 3204, 6456, 7027 ;

Wray, No. 2675.

17. Dopona#a, Linn.

Shrubs rarely trees. Leaves simple (im the only Malayan

species) alternate, exstipulate. Inflorescence lateral and terminal.

Flowers polygamous, inconspicuous, Sepals 5-2, imbricated or valyate.

Petals 0. Stamens 10-5, usually 8, inserted on the outer side of the disc;

filaments short ; anthers linear oblong. Disc obsolete in the male flower,

smallin the female. Ovary 3-6-sided and -celled; style 3—6-sided, its apex

3-6-cleft. Ovules 2 together, collateral or superposed. Capsule com-

pressed, membranous, septicidally 2-valved; valves winged at the

—1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 451

back; cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds lenticular or subglobose, compressed,

exalbuminons, exarillate, funicle thickened ; embryo spirally involute.—

Distris. A genus of about 65 species mostly endemic in Australia.

Doponza viscosa, Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 19. A shrub or small tree:

the leaves simple, oblanceolate, sub-acute or very shortly apiculate, with

sub-entire revolute margins, much narrowed to the base, both surfaces

shining and sub-viscid; main nerves faint, numerous; Jength 1°75. to

4in., breadth -5 to 1°25 in., petiole "lin. Flowers ‘25 in. in diam., in

short few-flowered axillary spreading cymes. Sepals oblong, about °1

in. long as are the stamens. Capsule membranous, compressed, with a

broad marginal wing notched at base and apex, about °75 in. long and

slightly broader. Linn. Mant. 228; Hiern in Fl. Br. Ind. I, 697; Kurz

For. Flora Burma I, 287; Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. I, 433; Benth.

Fl. Austral. J, 475; Brand. For. Fl. 113: Boiss. Fl. Orient. I, 953. D.

angustifolia, Linn. f. Suppl. Pl. 218; Roxb. Fl. Ind. II, 256. D. dioica,

Roxb. Hort. Beng. 28; Fl. Ind. Il, 256; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Vol. I.

pt. 2, p. 580. D. Burmanniana, DC. Prodr. I, 616; Wight Ill. I, t. 52;

W. & A. Prodr. 114; Grah, Cat. Bomb. Pl. 30; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb.

Fl. 36; Thwaites Enum. 59; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Vol. I, pt. 2, p. 580.

D. microcarpa, DC. Prodr. I, 617. D. Wightiana, Blume Rumpb. IIT,

189. D, pentandra, Griff. Notul. IV, 548. D. heterophylla, Hortul. ex

G. Don. Gen. Syst. I, 674; Wall. Cat. 8081. Ptelea viscosa, Linn. Sp.

Pl. ed. I, 118; Burm. Fl. Ind. 36. D. spathulata, Sm. in Rees Cycl.

XII, n.2. D. arabica, Hochst. & Steud. in Herb. Arab. Schimp. n. 766.

—Burw. FI. Zeyl. t, 23. Rumph. Herb. Amboin. 1V, t. 50.

In all the provinces; but usually planted.—Distris. Warm coun-

tries generally.

18. Harpusrta, Roxb.

Hrect trees. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, pinnate ; leaflets alter-

nate, entire, acuminate, sub-glabrous. Flowers dicecious or polygamous,

im racemes or panicles, regular. Sepals 4-5, erect, equal, imbricated.

Petals 4-5, narrowly obovate, exceeding the calyx, sometimes clawed,

without either glands or scales, but sometimes with inflected lobes at

the base of the lamina. Stamens 5-8, inserted within the obscure disc.

Cvary pubescent, ellipsoidal or oblong, 2-celled; ovules usually 2 to-

gether, superposed. Style elongated ; stigma linear, usually more or less

twisted. Capsule coriaceous, inflated, 2-lobed, 2-celled, loculicidally

Q-valved ; cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds sub-globose, exalbuminous, usually

arillate.— Distris. About 6 species, tropical Asiatic, Australian and

Madagascarian.

HARPULLIA COPANIOIDES, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 86; Fl. Ind. ed.

452 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. {No. 3,

Wall. IJ, 442: ed. 1832 I, 645, A tall tree: young parts mi-

nutely tawny, puberulous. Leaves 12 to 18 in. long, the rachises

slightly puberulous ; leaflets 6 to 12, opposite or alternate, oblong to

elliptic-lanceolate, acute or shortly acuminate, the base obliquely

cuneate, both surfaces glabrous; main nerves 8 to 12 pairs, curving

upwards, puberulous or glabrous: length 2°5 to 8 in., breadth 1°35 to

2°75 in., petiolule *15 in. Panicles with few short branches, terminal

or axillary, puberulous. Flowers large, “3 in. in diam. Sepals 5, free,

unequal, broadly oblong or sub-rotund, minutely pubescent outside.

Petals 5, narrower than the sepals but longer. Stamens 5, shorter than

the petals, the anthers oblong. Dzse small, puberulous. Ovary broadly

ovoid, compressed, grooved, pubescent; style short, reflexed; stigma small,

2-lobed. Fruit capsular, broadly reniform, compressed, 2-lobed, glabrous.

Seed semioval, the aril orange-coloured and covering the whole seed.

Hiern in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 692; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Vol. I, pt. 2,

570: Kurz For. Flora Burma, J, 287: Wall. Cat. 8078. Harpullia rupestris,

Bl. Rumphia, III, 175. H. fruticosa, Bl. l. c. 179. H. fraxinifolia,

Bl. 1. c. 176. H. thanatophora, Bl. l.c. 178. Streptostigma viridiflorum,

Thwaites in Hook. Kew Journ., VI, 298, t. 9.

Perak: King’s Collector, Nos. 1015, 7074;-Scortechini. Anda-

mans: King’s Collector.

19.. Turpinta, Vent.

Trees or shrubs with glabrous and shining leaves, and smooth terete

branches. Leaves opposite, stipulate, usually odd-pinnate; leaflets opposite,

stipellate, serrulate, sub-coriaceous. Panicles terminal and axillary ; flowers

small, regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-partite, imbricated. Petals 5,

imbricated. Stamens 5, inserted outside the lobed or crenulate raised

disc; filaments flattened; anthers short. Ovary sessile, 3-lobed and

-celled ; styles 3, combined or distinct ; stzgmas sub-capitate ; ovules 2 to-

gether or more and then in two rows. Fruit sub-globose, indehiscent,

3-celled. Seeds angular; testa hard, shining; hilum large; albumen

fleshy ; aril 0. Embryo straight.— Distris. About ten species in sub-

tropical Asia and America.

TurRPINIA POMIFEREA, DC. Prod. II, 3. A tree 30 to 40 feet high, all

parts glabrous. Leaves stipulate, 8 to 15 in. long, mostly unequally

pinnate ; leaflets 5 to 10, thinly coriaceous, oblong or oblong-lanceolate,

shortly acuminate, the edges serrate, the base cuneate ; main nerves

5 or 6 pairs, remote, ascending ; length 2°5 to 8 in., breadth 1 to 3 in.,

petiolules of the lateral leaflets -25 to ‘35 in., of the terminal one vary-

ing from 1 to 2 in.; stipules interpetiolar or triangular, cadticuous. Pani-

cles spreading, shorter than the leaves; the branches diverging, brac-

1896.] G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 453

teolate at the base, puberulous. lowers numerous near the ends of

the branches, ‘15 in. in diam., greenish-white. Calyx with 5:deep

oblong obtuse lobes, puberulous or glabrescent. Petals oblong, longer

than the calyx, puberulous. Stamens about as long as the petals, the

filaments glabrous. Ovary broadly ovoid, furrowed, almost separable

into 3 loculi, glabrous, tapering into the stout stylar column. Fruit

globose, with fleshy smooth pericarp, slightly trigonous, 3-celled, 3-

seeded. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Vol. I, pt. 2,593; Hiern in Hook. fil. Fl.

Br. Ind. I, 698: Kurz For. Flora Burma I, 292; Wall. Cat. 4276.

Dalrymplea pomifera, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 17; Cor. Pl. t. 299; FI. Ind. I,

633. T. nepalensis, Wall. Cat. 4277; W. and A. Prodr. 156; Wight Ic.

t. 972; Bedd. Fl. Syly. t. 159; Thwaites Enum. 71. T. microcarpa,

W. and A. Prodr. 156. TT. martabanica, Wall. Cat. 4278. T. latifolia,

Wall. Cat. 4939. Canarium Sajiga, Ham. ex W. and A. Prodr. 175.—

Wall. Cat. 8104.

Perak: King’s Collector, No. 4243.—Distris. Java, Sumatra,

British India.

Var. sphaerocarpa, King. Leaflets broadly ovate or ovate-rotund,

only slightly and shortly acuminate. Panicles often longer than the

leaves. Fruit not more than about ‘5 or ‘6 in. in diam., depressed.

Turpinia sphaerocarpa, Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bat. Bogor. 228; Flora Vol.

XXV (1842), Bibl. Il, p. 42; Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. Vol. I, pt. IL, 593.

Turpinia latifolia, Wall. Cat. No. 4939. Dalrympiea javanica, Hassk.

Pl. Jay. Rar. 439.

In all the provinces except the Andamans and Nicobars.

This is the common form in the Malayan Provinces.

Order XX XV.—SABIACEA.

Climbing or erect shrubs or erect trees, glabrous or with simple

hairs. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, simple or compound. Flowers

small or minute, hermaphrodite or polygamous, usually panicled. Calyz

4_5-partite, imbricate. Petals 4-5, equal or unequal, opposite or alter-

nate with the sepals, imbricate. Disc usually small, annular. Stamens

4—5, opposite the petals, inserted at the base of or on the disc, all

perfect or two only perfect and three without anthers ; filaments clavate,

flattened or subulate ; anthers didymous, cells distant bursting trans-

versely or by adeciduouscap. Ovary 2-3-celled, compressed or 2-3-

lobed; styles 2-3, free or connate, or 0, stigmas punctiform; ovules 1-2

in each cell. Ripe carpels 1-2, dry or fleshy, indehiscent. Seeds com-

pressed or globose, basilar, hilum broad, testa membranous or coriaceous,

albumen 0; embryo various, cotyledons often contorted, radicle deflexed.

Distris. A small chiefly Indian order, with 4 genera and about 35 species.

J, 11. 58

454 G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

Stamens 4-5, all perfect and equal

1. Sapta.

Stamens 5, very unequal ...

aa .. 2 Meriosma.

1. Sars, Coleb.

Climbing or sarmentose shrubs ; branches with the bud-scales per-

sistent at their bases. Leaves quite entire. Flowers axillary, solitary,

cymose or panicled, usually hermaphrodite, 2-bracteate ; bracts, calyx,

corolla, stamens and carpels all opposite. Calyx 4-5-partite. Petals

4-5, with transparent lines, green, purplish or yellow. Disc annular,

4-5-lobed. Stamens 4-5, inserted at the base of the disc; anthers

extrorse or introrse. Carpels 2, rarely 3, cohering slightly ; styles 2,

erect, terminal, cohering slightly ; ovules 2 in each carpel, collateral or

superposed, horizontal. Ripe-carpels 1 or 2, gibbous, with a sub-basal

style, dry or drupaceous. Seed reniform, testa coriaceous, dotted ;

embryo curved, cotyledons straight or incurved, flat, rngose or undulate,

radicle eylindric.— Distris. About 16 species, natives of tropical and

temperate India.

Flowers solitary, axillary sos .. L. &. sumatrana.

Flowers in racemes or panicles 2. SS. limonacea,

1. Sapra sumATRANA, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I, 370. A

woody climber: young shoots with cinereous bark, sub-glabrous.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate to elliptic, acuminate, entire, the base cuneate ;

upper surface glabrous, the lower minutely puberulous and sub-

lepidote; main nerves about 5 pairs, much curved, the reticulations

wide; length 3°5 to 7 in., breadth 1°25 to 3°5 in., petiole “35 to *75 in.

Pedunele solitary, axillary, °35 in. long (longer in fruit). Sepals broadly

triangular, pubescent at the edges. Petals much longer than the sepals,

lanceolate, glabrous. Stamens nearly as long as the petals, but shorter

than the cylindric glabrous style. Fruit compressed, obliquely ovoid,

glabrous, when ripe bright blue with dark spots. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.

Vol. I, pt. 2, 619.

Perak: Scortechini ; King’s Collector, Nos. Nos. 2117, 5053, 8205.

Distris. Sumatra,

2. Sapra Limonacea, Wall. Cat. 1000. A lofty climber: young

branches slender, glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, oblong or lanceolate,

acute or acuminate, entire; the base cuneate, rarely rounded; both

surfaces glabrous, the upper shining and reticulate, the lower paler and

tesselate-reticulate ; main nerves 5 or 6 pairs, curved, faint; length

2°5 to 6 in., breadth 1 to 1:75 in.; petiole "6 in. Flowers 15 in. in diam.,

in axillary or slightly supra-axillary racemes or racemoid panicles

usually shorter than the leaves, glabrous; pedicels longer than the

flowers. Sepals 5, green, oblong, blunt. Petals 5, larger than the sepals,

1896.] G. King—Waterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 455

obovate. Stamens included, the filaments clavate, the anthers short

with broad connective. Fruit solitary or paired, compressed, obliquely

orbicular or elliptic, °5 in. long. Hook. fil. and Thoms. Fl. Ind. I, 210;

Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 3. Celastrina, Wall. Cat. 9015; Sabsa sp.

Griff. Notul. IV, 428; Ic. Pl. As. t. 568. p. 2.

Penang: Curtis, Nos. 1221, 2158. Perak: Scortechini, No. 628.—

Distris. British India at the base of the Eastern Himalayan and

Assam Range, Chittagong.

Sabia viridissima, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, Vol. XLI, Pt. 2, (1872),

p. 304, is, as Kurz’s type specimens in the Calcutta Herbarium clearly prove, a

mixture of Hrythropalwm scandens, Blume, and an undescribed species of Blachia

which I propose to name B. viridissima.

2. Metrosma, Blume.

Trees or shrubs, pubescent or glabrous. Leaves simple or unequally

pinnate ; leaflets sub-opposite, the terminal one rarely wanting. Flowers

in branched terminal or terminal and-axillary panicles, small or minute,

hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual ; bracts caducous. Bracteoles and sepals

5-9, persistent, forming an uninterrupted whorl round the petals. Petals

5; 3 large, nearly orbicular, valvate ; 2 smaller, interior, placed behind

the fertile stamens, either membranous and nearly free or reduced to a

bifid scale adnate to the filament. Stamens 5; 2 fertile, opposite the

smaller petals ; filament short, flattened, incurved, expanded at the top

into a cup which bears two globose cells that burst transversely, spring-

ing back elastically ; 3 deformed, broad, opposite the larger petals,

2-fid with 2 empty cells, together forming a cup over the pistil.

Dise cupular or annular, with 2-5 simple or dentate teeth. Ovary

sessile, 2- rarely 3-celled, contracted into a simple or 2-partible style,

stigma simple ; ovules 2 in each cell. Drupe small, oblique, sub-globose ;

stone crustaceous, l-celled, with usually a basilar rounded projection

over which the seed is curved. Seed globose, testa membranous ;

cotyledons conduplicate, radicle incurved.— Distris. Species about 32 ;

natives of Tropical Asia and Malay Archipelago, with a few in S.

America.

Leaves simple.

Petals 5; flowers ‘05 in. in diam. .., ww. Ll. M. elliptica.

Petals 0; flowers*lin.indiam. ... ww. 2 MM. lancifolia.

Leaves pinnate.

Leaflets quite glabrous.

A shrub ; leaves 12 to 18 in. long; leaflets 7 to

13; main nerves 7 to 10 pairs... ww. oo DM. nitida.

A tree ; leaves 30 to 40 in. long; leaflets 21 to

25; main nerves 14 to 16 pairs... awe 4. M. levis.

456 G. King—Waterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

Leaflets hairy, especially on the under surface.

Flowers in clusters, sessile, buds globose ... 5. WM. lanceolata.

Flowers solitary, shortly pedicelled, buds ob- ;

long S03 os .. 6. M. Eidleyr.

1, Meniosma Exiterica, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 5. A tree 20

to 40 feet high; young branches, petioles, the midribs of the leaves on

both surfaces, and the lower surface especially on the nerves densely

rusty-pubescent or tomentose. Leaves elliptic or oblanceolate, shortly

caudate-acuminate, the edges entire or remotely serrate, gradually

narrowed from above the middle to the petiole: upper surface glab-

rous except the midrib and puberulous nerves ; main nerves about 10

pairs, curving upwards, the transverse veins distinct; length 4 to 9 in.,

breadth 1°25 to 3in.; petiole’5 to 15 in. Panicle terminal, usually on

rather along peduncle, longer than the leaves, the branches rather

few and short. Flowers crowded, sessile, ‘05 in.in diam. Bracteoles

pubescent. Sepals 4, sub-coriaceous, orbicular, very concave, shining,

sub-ciliolate. Petals 5, darkerin colour than the sepals but of similar

shape, thick, opaque and dotted, glabrous. Fertile stamens 2 to 4. Fruit

sub-globular, ridged, sub-gibbous at the base, glabrous, ‘2 to “25 in.

in diam. Sabia floribunda, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 521.

Malacca: Griffith, No. 1025; Maingay, Derry. Perak: King’s

Collector, Nos. 4051, 5468, 5469, 6150, 8103, and 10659.—Singapore.

Distris. Sumatra. .

This is closely allied to M. simplicifolia which has however its

flowers in ultimate cymlets of 3, whereas in this the flowers are single.

The sepals moreover in M. simplicifolia are thinner and more pubescent

than in this. As a rule the leaves in this species are quite entire; but

in several of the Perak specimens they are coarsely serrate, without in

any other respect departing from the typical form.

- 2. Metiosma tanctrotia, Hook fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 5. A tree:

young branches petioles and inflorescence rusty-villous. Leaves thinly

coriaceous, oblanceolate-acuminate, entire, gradually narrowed from

above the middle to the petiole; both surfaces distinctly reticulate,

the upper shining, glabrous except the tomentose midrib and nerves;

lower villous on the midrib and nerves, otherwise with scattered hairs;

main nerves 20 to, 24 pairs, spreading, curved, interarching freely ;

length 12 to 18 in., breadth 3°5 to 4in., petiole ‘75 in. Panicle shorter

than the leaves, pedunculate, the branches few and short and the

flowers sessile and crowded. Flowers about ‘1 in. in diam.; bracteole

oblong, pubescent, shorter than the 4 ovate glabrous sepals: petals 0,

fertile ; stamens 2 or 3, shorter than the sepals. Ovary elliptic; style

short, terminal. Fruit transversely ovoid-globose, keeled, glabrous,

-3 in. in diam.

1896.] G. King—Waterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 457

Malacca: Maingay, No. 463/2. Perak: Scortechini.

3. Mextosma nitipa, Blume Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. 32; Rumphia,

TII, 202, t.169. A-shrub or small tree: young branches glabrous,

lenticellate. Leaves 12 to 18 in. long, unequally pinnate, quite glabrous,

the rachises deeply channelled on the upper surface ; leaflets coriaceous,

7 to 13, opposite or alternate, elliptic-ovate or obovate-lanceolate, acute

or shortly acuminate, entire, the base more or less cuneate, rarely

rounded ; both surfaces quite glabrous, the lower paler and prominently

reticulate; main nerves 7 to 10 pairs, spreading, curving upwards,

interarching at some distance from the margin; length 4 to 12 in,

breadth 1°75 to 4°25 in.; petiolules °85t0°75 in. Pamicles terminal or

axillary, rather shorter than the leaves, scurfy-puberulous, the branches

short and the flowers densely crowded. Flowers :1 in. in diam., shortly

pedicelled ; the buds pointed, the bracteole single aud coriaceous. Sepals

4, sub-rotund, concave, spreading. Petals 5; the 3 outer rotund, valvate,

the sutures of their edges prominent; the two inner completely enclosed,

small, each with a stamen opposite it. Stamens 2; the hooded anther

broad, expanded and with two rotund diverging lobes separated by a wide

connective, the filament tapering to a narrow base. Ovary ovoid. Fruit

obliquely elliptic when young, slightly flattened on one side and keeled

on the other; when ripe ovoid-rotund, about 1 in. long and ‘8 in. in

diam. Blume Rumphia III, 202. t. 169; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, pt. 2. 617.

Meliosma swmatrana; Hook fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 6. Millingtoma suma-

trana, Jack in Mal. Mise. II, 39; Nees in Flora for 1825, 106; Miq. Fl.

Ind. Bat. l.c. Irina integerrima, Blume Bijdr. 231.

Malacca: Griffith, Maingay, No. 461. Penang: Curtis, No. 2836.

Perak: (very common) King’s Collector.—Distris. Sumatra.

4, Metiosma Levis, King n. sp. A tree 40 to 50 feet high:

leaves 30 to 40 in. long; the rachises and petioles puberulous and

terete, the latter swollen at the base; leaflets 10 to 12 pairs, coria-

ceous, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, caudate-acuminate ; the edge entire,

recurved when dry, the base rather abruptly cuneate: both surfaces

glabrous; the upper dull, opaque, olivaceous when dry, the lower

pale brown, tesselate-areolate; main nerves 14 to 16 pairs, spread-

ing, curving, interarching far from the edge: length 5 to 7 in,

breadth 1 to 1°25 in.; petiole ‘35 in. Panicles about as long as the

leaves with lax raceme-like branches, sparsely covered with very short

coarse rusty hairs. Flowers less than ‘1 in. in diam., sessile on very

short woody lateral branchlets ; bracteoles two, unequal, broadly oblong,

pubescent. Sepals 2, sub-orbicular, concave, erect, thick, puberulous

outside. Petals 5; the three outer larger than the sepals, very concave,

glabrous, the two inner small and irregular. Stamens 2, or sometimes 3,

the anther with wide hooded connective. Fruit unknown.

458 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

Perak: King’s Collector, No. 7893.

This is allied to M. lanceolata, Bl., but it appears to me to differ from

that and from every other described species. From M. lanceolata it is

readily distinguished by its more numerous perfectly smooth leaflets

tesselate-reticulate beneath ; by its flowers on short ultimate branchlets ;

by its double bracteole and concave petals.

5. Meniosma LANceoLATA, Blume Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. 32;

Rumphia ITI, 200, t. 168. A tree: young branches stout, more or less

covered with short deciduous rusty tomentum. Leaves 12 to 24 in.

long; the petiole stout, terete, swollen at the base, the rachis glabrescent

or puberulous; leaflets 6 to 8 pairs with one odd, very coriaceous,

oblong, shortly acuminate; the edges entire, recurved when dry: the

base rounded or slightly cuneate, sometimes oblique; upper surface

smooth and shining, usually very rugulose from the depression of the

nerves and reticulations: lower surface dull, the midrib nerves and

reticulations very prominent and with numerous flexuose sub-adpressed _

hairs: length 3 to 6 in., breadth 1:25 to 2 in.; petiolules °2 to ‘35 in.

long, stout, pubescent. Panicles very large, with long raceme-like

branches, rusty-pubescent. Flowers in rather close clusters, sessile,

‘L in., in diam.; bracteole single. Sepals 3, orbicular-triangular, blunt,

sub-glabrous. Petals5; the three outer orbicular, flat and much larger

than the sepals; the two inner small, irregular, shorter than the stamens.

Stamens 2, shorter than the outer petals, the anthers very broad. Fruit

sub-globular, compressed, boldly keeled, glabrous, ‘3 in, in diam, Hook.

fil. Fl. Br. Ind. If, 7.

Malaeca: Griffith, No. 1022; Maingay, No. 361; Derry, Nos. 21

and 1122. Singapore: Ridley, Nos, 347, 1892, 3876.

Var. pubescens, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. HI, 7. Under surfaces of the

leaves and inflorescence densely and softly rusty-tomentose : frnit ‘4 in.

in diam.

Singapore: Ridley, No, 6341,

6. Meziosma Ripizyi, King n. sp. A medium tree: leaves 15 in.

or more in length, their rachises densely and minutely rufous-tomentose :

leaflets 11 to 15, opposite or alternate, thinly coriaceous, oblong or

oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, the base abruptly and obliquely eu-

neate ; upper surface not rugulose, sparsely adpressed-pubescent, the

midrib and nerves tomentose : under surface minutely rufous-pubescent,

the midrib and nerves with dense long shining hairs: main nerves 7 or 8

pairs, ascending, curving, the reticulations distinct: length 2°5 to 5 in,

breadth °9 to 1:2 in.; petiolules -1 to ‘2 in., tomentose. Panicle longer

than the leaves, densely rufous-tomentose, with short branches bearing

the ultimate spikes of flowers. Flowers solitary, oblong, not globular

_ 1896.) G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 459

even in bud, under °1 in. long. Bracteoles two, unequal, ovate, acute,

pubescent ; pedicel of flower very short. Sepals 5, ovate, blunt, concave,

erect, shortly ciliolate at the edges. Petals and stamens absent. Ovary

broadly ovoid, tomentose; style thick, conical, glabrescent. Frwit unknown.

Singapore: Ridley, No. 6342.

The only specimens of this are in flower; and, the ovaries having

been fertilised, the petals and stamens (as is the case in other species of

Meliosma) have fallen off. The only specimens known are Mr. Ridley’s.

They were collected in the little patch of forest which forms an adjunct

to the Botanic Garden of Singapore, which is one of the few pieces

of the original vegetation of the island which have escaped the ravages

of axe and spade. In leaf this plant is not unlike M. lanceolata, Bl., but

the nervation and pubescence of the leaflets are different.

Note.—Besides the foregoing, there are in the Calcutta Herbarium specimens

from Singapore (Herb. Ridley, without a number) of a pinnate-leaved Meliosma.

None of these are in fruit, but there are plenty of flowers, and these closely resemble

the flowers of M. lanceolata, Bl. The leaflets of this plant are narrowly oblong, of

rather thinner texture than those of M. lanceolata, and their upper surfaces are not

glabrous (except the pubescent midrib), and they are not at all rugulose; the under

surfaces are densely covered with unequally long shining hairs.

Nat. Ord. XXXVI, ANACARDIACEAE.

Trees or shrubs usually with oleo-resinous often acrid juice. Leaves

alternate (opposite in Bowea), simple or compound. Flowers small, regu-

lar, unisexual, polygamous, sometimes hermaphrodite, usually in panicles,

the ultimate branchlets being cymose. Calyx 3-5-partite, sometimes

accrescent (spathaceous in Gluta, calyptrate in Melanorrhoea). Petals

3 to 5, alternate with the segments of the calyx, free, imbricate or

valyate in bud, sometimes accrescent, rarely absent. Disc flat, cupular

or annular, entire or lobed, rarely obsolete. Stamens equal in number

to the petals, or fewer, or more numerous, often abortive, inserted beneath

the disc, rarely on it: filaments often subulate ; the anthers 2-celled,

basi- or dorsi-fixed. Pistil in the male flower usually absent, in the

female solitary, or pistils 4 or 6 and apocarpous, or 2 to 5 and syncar-

pous: ovary mostly superior (half-inferior in Holigarna) the loculi with

a single ovule pendulous from the top of the cell or from its side, or

from an ascending funicle rising from the base: styles 1 to 5 and free, or

the stigma sub-sessile, or simple or lobed. Fruit superior (except in Holi-

garna and Drimycarpus) and drupaceous, with one cell and one seed, and

sometimes ‘with accrescent sepals or petals ; or a false drupe witha 2- to 5-

celled stone covered by pulp. Seed exalbuminous: the embryo straight

or curved: cotyledons plano-convex, radicle short.— Disrars, chiefly

tropical: about 430 species in 55 genera.

460 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

Sub-Order IJ. AwnacarpiAz. Ovary 1-celled (in all

the Asiatic species).

Tribe I.— Mangiferae. Carpels solitary, or 5

with only one fertile; style usually lateral or

gynobasic, ovules pendulous, or semi-pendu-

lous (in Anacardium) from a basal funicle ;

ovary often with a gynophore ; stamens in one

or more whorl], sometimes reduced to a single

individual ; leaves simple.

Neither sepals nor petals accrescent.

Carpels 5, rarely 4or6; stamens 10 ... 1. BucHananta.

Carpel solitary.

Leaves opposite ae ... 2. Bougka.

Leaves alternate.

Calyx 4-5-partite, stamens 1 to 5;

drupe with succulent mesocarp, the

endocarp hard and fibrous, the

peduncle not enlarged . 3. MANGIFERA.

Calyx 4-5-partite, ere 8 to 10

all or only a few perfect; drupe reni-

form, compressed, the peduncle much

enlarged... 4, ANACARDIUM.

Calyx spathaceous, Petals 4 to 6:

torus stipitate, drupe sub-ligneous,

tubercled or ridged, the endocarp

leathery ... 500 acct | Op SUN's

Petals accrescent.

Calyx calyptriform; stamens 5 or numer-

ous ... Bie ees ... 6. MELANORRHOEA.

Calyx 5-partite; stamens 5, drupe

stalked aun 7. SwWINTONIA.

Tribe II.— Rhoideae. Carpels lies yors ana

united ; styles terminal or lateral, free or con-

nate below; ovary l-celled; ovule solitary,

rising by a short funicle from the base or

from near the base of the cell, or suspended

from the wall near the apex; stamens in 1 or 2

whorls ; fruit drupaceous, l-celled, 1-seeded,

sometimes with the accrescent calyx-segments

at its base (obscurely 2-celled in Drepano-

spermum) ; embryo usually curved, rarely

straight : leaves simple, trifoliolate or pinnate.

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 461

Leaves simple.

Sepals accrescent, fruit sessile ; flowers

4-merous, embryo straight ... pi. Sal ARISHYM:

Sepals not accrescent ; flowers 5-merous ;

stamens 6 to 10, style 1, embryo curved.. 9. CampnospERMa.

Leaves pinnate ; petals imbricate.

Stamens 5, alternating with 5 staminodes.

Stigma erect, 3-lobed ..._ ... 10. Muicrostemon.

Stigma flat, much bent, not 3-lobed .,. 11. Prntaspapon.

Stamens 4 to 10; staminodes none.

Stamens 4 to 10; styles 3; drupe

solitary, small, compressed, 1-celled,

' ]-seeded, not crowned by the styles ... 12. Ruavs.

Stamens 8 to 10; styles 3 or 4; drupe

reniform, compressed, 1-celled, 1-seeded, °

crowned by the distant styles ie lor OOD ENA.

Tribe 1II.—-Semecarpeae. Ovary consisting

of three united carpels, unilocular, free or

immersed in and adnate to the cupular or

tubular disc; ovule solitary, suspended by a

funicle from the side of the loculus above its

middle or just below the apex, stamens in a

single row; styles 3; drupe large, usually con-:

nate with the enlarged more or less fleshy

peduncle, inferior in Drimycarpus.

Drupe superior,

Petals valvate, stamens 5, style 1; calyx-

tube persistent, much enlarged in the

fruit and adnate to the base of the drupe 14. MbrLANocHyLa.

Petals imbricate, stamens 5, styles 3,

drupe on a much enlarged fleshy recep-

tacle... aes 00 .. 15. SEMECARPUS.

Drupe inferior.

Petals imbricate, stamens 5, style 1, ovary

inferior, drupe transversely ovoid ... 16. Drimycarrus.

Sub-Order Il. Spronpiaszr. Ovary and drupe 2- to

5-celled, ovules pendulous.

Flowers bisexual, 5-merous, stamens 10; styles

5, thick, connate by their apices; drupe 5-

celled, sometimes fewer-celled by abortion .,, 17. DracontomEnun,

J. u. 59

462 G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [{No. 3,

1. Bucuananis, Roxb.

Trees. Leaves alternate, petioled, simple, quite entire. Panicles

terminal and axillary, crowded, Flowers small, white, hermaphrodite.

Calyx short, 3-5-toothed or -Jobed, persistent, imbricate. Petals 4-5,

oblong, recurved, imbricate. Disc orbicular, 5-lobed. Stamens 8-10,

free, inserted at the base of the disc. Carpets 5-6, free, seated in the

cavity of the disc, one fertile, the rest imperfect; style short, stigma

truncate ; ovwle 1, pendulous from a basal funicle. Drupe small, flesh

scanty; stone crustaceous or bony, 2-valved. Seed gibbous, acute at

one end; cofyledons thick; radicle superior.—Distris. A tropical

Asiatic, Australian and Polynesian genus ; species about 25.

Anthers not sagittate at the base... .- 1. B. platynenra.

Anthers sagittate at the base.

Leaves always sharply acuminate at the apex,

the Jower surface of the midrib pubescent;

panicles pubescent 200 . .. 2. 2B. sessilifolia.

Leaves rounded or obtuse at het apex, some-

times shortly and bluntly acuminate, every-

where glabrous : panicle glabrous ... .. 3. B., florida.

¥. BucHANANIA PLATYNEURA, Kurz in Journ, he Soc. Bengal XLV

(1876), pt. 2, p. 125. A tree 40 to 60 feet high, the young shoots

deciduously puberulous. Leaves coriaceous, narrowly elliptic to elliptie-

Tanceolate, shortly and bluntly acuminate, the base cuneate and sometimes

slightly unequal; both surfaces glabrous and shining, the reticulations

when dry distinct or not, the midrib broad on both surfaces; main nerves

31 to 13 pairs, spreading, curving; length 4 to 9 in. or even Il in.,

breadth 1°75 to 2°5 in., petiole °5.to lin. Panicles crowded at the ends

of the branches, axillary, erect, shorter or longer than the leaves, shortly

pedunculate, puberulous; their branches short, slender, horizontal,

eymosely few-flowered. Flowers ‘1 in. in diam., on minutely bracteolate

pedicels longer than themselves. Sepals 4, thick, ovate or elliptic,

obtuse, much shorter than the petals, Petals 4, oblong, very blunt,

spreading and reflexed. Stamens 8; the anthers narrow, elongate, the

bases not sagittate, the apices recurved; filaments longer than the

anthers, flat. Pzstils several, one only ripening. Drupe sub-globular,

with 4 vertical ridges, two prominent and two obscure, glabrous,

purplish-black when ripe; the stone hard, -4 in. in diam. Engler m DC.

Mon. Phan. IV, 193.

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands : very common.

This is put. by Engler amongst doubtful species—no doubt as the

result of his not having seen good specimens ; for the species isa very

well-marked one. Its nearest ally is the Sumatran species B. splendens,

Maiq.

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Maluyan Peninsula. 463

2. BUcHANANIA SESSI£(FOLIA, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I, 184. A

shrub or small tree, the young branches puberulous and not swollen, ulti-

mately glabrous. Leaves thinly coriaceous, oblanceolate, always abruptly

acuminate at the apex and much narrowed to the base, either with a short

petiole or sessile; the upper surface glabrous and rather dull, the

lower pale-brown when dry and glabrous except often the sparsely

adpressed-pubescent midrib; main nerves 13 to 15 pairs, spreading,

shghtly prominent on the lower surface; length 3°5 to 7 in., breadth

1-5 to 2° in.; petiole none or from *lto‘6in. long. Panicles pedunculate,

exceeding the leaves, slender; the branches divaricate, and with the

flowers crowded towards their apices, sparsely pubescent. Flowers -15

in. in diam., on short pedicels. Sepals 5, sub-rotund, puberulous. Petals

5or 6, much larger than the sepals, oblong, blunt with the apices

recurved, glabrous. Sfameus 8 or 10: the anthers sagittate, the basal

lobes rounded and swollen; thefilaments short, thick, compressed.

Pistils several. Druwpe sub-cordate, rotund, compressed, glabrous, about

35 in. long. Mig. FI. Ind. Bat., Vol. I, pt. 2, 637; Suppl, 523; Engler in

DC. Mon. Phan. IV, 191. B. acuminata, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. (1858),

J, 472; Hook. fil. Fl]. Br. Ind. II, 24; Kurz For. Flora Burma, I, 308.

Hypericinea lucida, Wall. Cat. 4827. Terebinthacea, Wall. Cat. 8505,

(fide Hook. fil.)

In all the Provinces except the Andamans and Nicobars: very

common.— Distr1B, the Malayan Archipelago.

This differs from all the forms of B. florida, Schauer, in having

more acuminate leaves of thinner texture, with the midrib pubescent

on the lower surface, and with rather more numerous nerves: and also

in having a pubescent panicle and larger fruit. There is considerable

variation as to the petiole. In some specimens there is no petiole at all,

and itis to these which Blume gave the name B. sessilifolia, Turc-

zaninoff’s name B. acuminata, being applicable to all the forms, is a

far more appropriate one; and Sir Joseph Hooker adopts it although

the procedure is, as he admits, “against the laws of priority ;” for Turc-

zaninoff’s species was not published until 1858, whereas Blume dates

from 1851.

3. Bucuanania FLORIDA, Schauer in Nov. Act. Caes. Leop. Carol.

XTX, Suppl. I, 481. A small glabrous tree, young branches close to

the leaves, thick and with many cicatrices. Leaves thinly coriaceous,

oblong-lanceolate to obovate-oblong, the apex rounded or obtuse; nar-

rowed from below the middle to the broad channelled somewhat winged

petiole; both surfaces shining, reticulate ; main nerves about 12 pairs,

the intermediate veins very distinct; length 4 to 5°5 in., breadth 1-25

to 1:75 in. ; petiole 5 to °75 in. Panzcles crowded about the ends of the

464 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (No. 3,

branches, axillary, longer than the leaves, narrow, lax, the branches

short, bracteoles minute. Flowers on pedicels longer than themselves,

25 in.in diam. Sepals 4or 5, orbicular, slightly unequal. Petals 4 or

5, larger than the sepals, elliptic, obtuse. Stamens 8, the anthers elongate,

cordate at the base; the filaments shorter, subulate. Pistils 3 or 4,

but one only fertile. Druwpe broadly ovoid or sub-globular, slightly

compressed, about ‘25 in. long. Engl. in DO. Mon. Phan. IV, 188.

Var. lucida, Engler 1. c. 189: Leaves oblong-lanceolate, sometimes

shortly and obtusely acuminate, the nerves and veins very prominent.

B. lucida, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I, 184; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind.

II, 24; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, pt. 2, p. 637. B. palembanica, Blame

l. c. 186; B. subobovata, Griff. Not. IV, 413. B. polybotrya, Mig. FI.

Ind. Bat, I, pt. 2, p. 638. Hypericinea angustatg, Wall. Cat., No. 4830.

B. arborescens, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I, 183; Kurz For. Flora

Burma, I, 308.

Penang, Kedah, Singapore, Malacca, Perak:—Distriz. Sumatra,

Burma.

This, although widely distributed in the Malayan Peninsula, does

not appear to be any thing like so abundant a tree as B. acuminata, but

it is more common than the following variety.

Var. petiolaris, Engl. 1. c. 189: Leaves obovate-oblong, contracted

at the base into the long cuneate petiole. B. petiolarfs, Mig. Fl. Ind.

Bat. Vol. I, pt. 2, p. 637. B. bancana, Miq. FI]. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 523.

Penang: Wallich (Cat. No. 4831). Singapore: Ridley, Nos. 438,

1882.

2. Bovuea, Meissn.

Trees. Leaves opposite, petioled, coriaceous, glabrous, quite entire.

Flowers small, in axillary and terminal panicles, polygamous. Sepals

3-5, deciduous, valvate. Petals 3-5, vertically keeled on the inner face,

imbricate. Disc very small. Stamens 3-5, inserted within the disc, all

fertile. Ovary sessile ; style short, terminal, stigma obscurely and un-

equally 3-lobed; ovule ascending from the wall of the cavity. Drupe

fleshy ; stone thin, fibrous, l-celled, l-seeded. Seed suberect; cotyledons

fleshy ; radicle very short, inferior.—Disrris. Species 5, natives of

Tropical Asia and the Malay Archipelago.

Leaves 3 to 5 in. long; panicles laxly flow-

ered; sepals puberulous; petals oblong, erect ;

fruit °6 to ‘75 in. long AF

Leaves 5 to 8 in. long; apr iallns farts

flowered ; sepals tomentose ; petals oblanceo-

late-oblong, spreading ; fruit more than 2 in.

long ove pee

B. burmanica.

aye ww» 2. B. macrophylla.

1896.] G. King —Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 465

1. Bovea surmanica, Griff. Plant. Cantor. 14. A glabrous tree

50 to 60 or even 90 feet high; young branches slender. Leaves

thinly coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, shortly and obtusely acuminate,

the base cuneate; main nerves 10 to 15 pairs, spreading, slightly

depressed on the upper and slightly projecting on the lower surface ;

length 3 to 5 in., breadth 1 to 2 in.; petiole °25to°5 in. Panicles much

shorter than the leaves, terminal or axillary, slender, with a few spread-

ing laxly-flowered puberulous branches, bracteoles absent. Flowers

oblong, less than *1 in. in diam., glabrous, on pedicels longer than them-

selves. Sepals 4, unequal, leathery, broadly ovate, puberulous. Petals 4,

very thick, erect, oblong, obtuse, longer than the sepals, quite glabrous.

Stamens 3 to 5, shorter than the petals, the anthers linear, the filaments

short. Ovary obliquely ovoid. Drupe obliquely ovoid, slightly apiculate,

‘6 to Lin. lone. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 21; Kurz For. Flora Burma,

I, 306; Engler in DC. Mon. Phan. IV, 240. JB. oppositifolia, Meissn. in

Walp. Rep. I. 556; Kurz For. Flora Burma, 1. c. 306. B, Brandisiana,

‘Kurzin Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, II, 50: 1873, II, 66. Mangifera

oppositifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. I, 640; Hort. Beng. 18; Wall. Cat. 8490.

Cambessedea, W. and A. Prodr. I, 170.

In all the Provinces.— Distris. Burma.

Var. microphylla, Engl. in DC. Mon. Phan. IV, 240. All the

parts smaller than inthe type. Bouea microphylla, Griff. Plant. Cantor.

15; Notul. 1V, 423; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 21. B. diversifolia, Miq.

Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 522. B. myrsinoides, Blume Mus. Bot. t. I, 204;

Miguel J. c. I, pt. 2, 635.

Malacca: Griffith, 1106; Maingay, 479. Singapore: Ridley;

Hullett, No. 660.

2. Bovrea macropuyiua, Griff. Plant. Cantor. 15: Notulae, IV,

420. A tree, all parts glabrous except the inflorescence. Leaves coria-

ceous, oblong-lanceolate, the apex very shortly and bluntly acuminate,

the base cuneate or rounded; both surfaces shining; main nerves

18 to 20 pairs, spreading, slightly depressed on the upper and promi-

nent on the lower surface; length 5 to 8 in., breadth 1°65 to 2°65 in. ;

petiole 75 to lin. Panicles axillary and from the axils of old leaves,

2 to 4 in. long, puberulous; their branches spreading, short, and densely

flowered. Flowers °1 in. in diam., on tomentose pedicels shorter than

themselves. Sepals 3 or 4, ovate, unequal, blunt, spreading, tomentose

externally. Petals 3 or 4, oblanceolate-oblong, rather thick, glabrous.

Stamens 3 or 4, about as long as the sepals: anthers ovate, slightly

longer than the filaments. Ovary narrowly ovoid, pubescent. Drupe

“ ovoid-oblong, as large as a hen’s egg” (Griff.), pulp abundant ; stone

leathery, fibrous. Hook. fil. Fl. Br, Ind. NW, 21; Engler in DC. Mon.

466 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

Phan. IV, 239. B. Gandaria, Blume Mus. Bot, Lugd. Bat. I, 204, (sub

B. oppositifolia. )

Malacca: Griffith, No. 1105; Maingay, No. 478. Perak: Scorte-

ehini, No. 1938; King’s Collector, No. 679.

This species has larger leaves and fruit than B. hurmanica, and

the panicles are much more densely flowered than in that species.

The calyx moreover in this is very tomentose, and the petals are

narrow oblanceolate and spreading.

3. Manoirera, Linn.

Trees. Leaves alternate, petioled, quite entire, coriaceous. Flowers

small, polygamous, in terminal panicles, pedicel articulate ; bracts deci-

duous. Sepals 4 or 5, imbricate, deciduous. Petals 4-5, free or adnate

to the disc, imbricate ; nerves thickened, sometimes ending in excrescen-

ces. Stamens 1-5, rarely 8, inserted just within the disc, or on it, 1

usually more perfect and much larger than the others ; the others with

imperfect or smaller anthers, or reduced to teeth or quite absent. Ovary

sessile, 1-celled, oblique ; style lateral; ovwle pendulous, funicle basal, or

inserted on the side of the cell above its base, rarely horizontal. Drupe

large, fleshy ; stone compressed, fibrous. Seed large, compressed, testa

papery; cotyledons plano-convex, often unequal and lobed.— Disrnre.

tropical Asiatic, chiefly Malayan ; about 30 species.

Disc fleshy, tumid, more or less deeply 4- or 5-lobed,

the petals inserted at its base.

Sepals and petals 4, stamen 1.

Panicles puberulous.

Leaves narrowly elliptic or elliptic-ob-

long, tapering much to each end, thinly

coriaceous ; petioles 1 to 1:25in. long ... 1. M. Griffithii.

Leaves elliptic, sub-coriaceous, petioles

°25 to ‘4 in. long 2. M. microphylla.

Leaves broadly elliptic, Slietieley abe :

vate, thickly coriaceous; petioles ‘25 to

‘75 in. long Me. AGE «. 3. M. sclerophylla.

Panicles quite glabrous.

Leaves not reticulate, or very indis-

tinctly so on the lower surface only ... 4. M. Maingayi.

Leaves distinctly reticulate.

Leaves broadly oblanceolate or obo-

vate-elliptic .. 358 «. O. M. andamanica.

Leaves offinti# oblong or oblong-lan-

ceolate.

—s

1896.] G. King--Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 467

Petioles of leaves 2 to 4°5 in. long,

thickened and dilated near the

base; flowers 8 to 12 on the

ultimate branchlets, racemose ... 6. WM. longipetioluta.

Petioles of leaves ‘75 to 12 in.

long, only slightly thickened at

the base ; flowers on the ultimate _

branchlets in cymules of 3. wae 4. M. quadrifida.

Sepals and petals 5.

Stamens 5 all fertile; panicle as in

M. indica 8. M. pentandra.

Stamen 1 perfect, with or Without abor-

tive ones (staminodes).

Panicle minutely tomentose or pubescent 9. WM. indica.

Panicle quite glabrous.

Leaves very coriaceous ... .» 10. WM. oblongifolia.

Leaves thinly coriaceous.

Leaves oblong, or elliptic-oblong, 5 to

8 in. long., with 16 to 20 pairs of

prominent main nerves; stamen

longer than the petals... --. ll. M. longipes.

Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, 3 or 4in.

long, with 10 or 12 pairs of indistinct

main nerves; the petals shorter

than the stamen 200 ov» 12. M. gracilipes.

Dise minute or absent.

- Panicles glabrous (black when dry) stamens

attached to the minute disc.

Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acumi-

nate, reticulate, main nerves about 20

pairs; flowers °25 in. long, drupe oblong... 13. WM. odorata.

Leaves elliptic-oblong, obtuse or sub-acute,

the reticulations indistinct or obsolete,

main nerves 15 to 18 pairs; flowers °35

in. in diam., disc cylindric ; drupe pete

to globose ae . 14. M. foetida.

Leaves narrowly lnencoblong or linear-

lanceolate, with 25 to 35 pairs of main

nerves, both surfaces conspicuously reti-

culate ; flowers nearly ‘3 in. long; drupe

obliquely and broadly oblong-globose .,, 15. M. fragrans.

468 G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

Panicles puberulous, flowers ‘35 in. long;

leaves with obtuse or rounded apices;

stamens 5 or 6, all perfect oa ... 16, M. lagenifera.

Panicles tomentose or pubescent; petals

adnate to the cylindric torus.

Flowers not more than ‘3 in. long.

Leaves sessile or sub-sessile, oblanceo-

late or obovate-oblong, 9 to 15 in. long,

panicle 20 to 30 in. long .., .» 17. M. kemanga.

Leaves broadly lanceolate or elliptic-

oblong, shortly acuminate, 6 to 12 in.

long; panicle 12 to 15 in. long. ... 18. M. caesia.

Flowers ‘75 in. long, with large concave

bracts.. .» 19, M. superba.

1, Mina tee Grr nnene Hok. fil. in Trans. Linn. Soe. XXII,

168. <A tree with stout glabrous branches. Leaves thinly coriaceous,

narrowly elliptic or elliptic-oblong, tapering from about the middle to

each end,. the apex sub-acute or very shortly and bluntly acuminate,

the base cuneate, both surfaces glabrous and reticulate ; main nerves

about 14 to 16 pairs, spreading, stig raised on both surfaces ;

length 5 to 7 in., breadth 2 to 2°5 in.; petiole 1 to25in. Panicles

coarsely puberulous, axillary, slightly ee than the leaves, raceme-

like, with very short few-flowered branches. Flowers less than ‘1 in.

long, on short pubescent pedicels. Sepals 4, broadly ovate, obtuse,

concave, unequal, pubescent outside. Petals 4, a little longer than the

sepals, broadly obovate, with 1 or 2 short thickened ridges near the

base, glabrous. Stamen 1, inserted on the 4-lobed glabrous disc.

Ovary unknown. Fruit oblong, slightly obovoid, obtuse, glabrons,

about 1°5 in. long and greenish yellow when ripe, the pulp frm: stone

less than 1] in. long. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 14; Engler in DC. Mon.

Phan. IV, 203.

Malacca: Griffith, No. 1100/1. Perak: King’s Collector, No. 7539

This species is imperfectly known as yet. The faakenaal which I

have used in describing it consists of Griffith’s specimens on which the

species was founded, and they have only male flowers; and of some

sent from Perak by the Calcutta Collector which are in fruit and have

no flowers. In leaves these two sets agree absolutely, and I have no

hesitation in bringing them together as belonging to the same species.

2. MANGIFERA MICROPHYLLA, Griff. MSS. ex Hook, fil. Fl. Br. Ind.

II, 17. A small tree, Leaves sub-coriaceous, elliptic, shortly acumi-

nate, the base narrowed but rounded, both surfaces shining and faintly

reticulate ; main nerves 10 to 12 pairs, spreading but curving upwards,

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 469

slightly prominent ; length 2 to 4in., breadth 1 to 2 in.; petiole ‘25 to

“4 in. Panicles in fascicles from the apices of the branches, shorter

than the leaves, raceme-like with short few-flowered branches, puberu-

lous. Flowers 2 in. in diam., on short stout pedicels. Sepals 4, broadly

ovate, pubescent. Pelals 4, twice as long as the sepals, oblong, with 3

distinct vertical ridges. Stamen J, staminodes absent. Ovary sub-

globose, puberulous, the style terminal. Drupe “oviform,” green,

Engler in DC. Mon. Phan. TV, 209.

Malacca: Griffith, Nos. 1102, 1103, (in orchards only.)

Another imperfectly known cultivated spécies of which only scraps

exist in collections.

3. MANGIFFRA SCLEROPHYLLA, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 15. A

tree ; young branches stout, angled, glabrous. Leaves very coriaceous,

broadly elliptic, slightly obovate, the apex usually sub-acute but some-

times acute, slightly narrowed to the rounded or sub-cuneate base

both surfaces glabrous, the reticulations obscure, the midrib thick ; main

nerves about 12 pairs, thick, spreading, much curved upwards at the

ends, slightly prominent on both surfaces when dry ; length 2°5 to 5 in.,

breadth 1-5 to 2°75 in.; petioles of the upper leaves '25 in., of the lower

“7d in., all stout. Inflorescence consisting of a terminal fascicle of many

spikes, some of them with Il or 2 branches, longer than the leaves, covered

with short coarse tawny pubescence. Flowers ‘1 in. in diam., each ses-

sile in the axil of a reflexed ovate concave pubescent bracteole longer

than itself. Sepals 4, broadly ovate, sub-acute, concave, pubescent

outside. Petals 4, about the same size and shape as the sepals, glab-

rous. Stamen1; disc fleshy, ovary ovoid. Drupe ovoid, glabrous, about

15 im. long when ripe. Engler in DC. Mon. Phan, IV, 205.

Malacca: Maingay, No. 494. Singapore: Ridley, No, 4772.

This is another species that is poorly represented in collections.

The leaves are, as Sir Joseph Hooker justly remarks, unlike those of any

other Mangifera; for they are comparatively broad in proportion to their

length. They vary considerably in size and in the length of their

petioles. .

4, MANGIFERA MAINGAYI, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IJ, 17. A tree,

glabrous in all its parts. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, acute

or acuminate, the base rounded or cuneate; reticulations on the upper

surface not visible and on the lower very slightly so; main nerves 15

to 20 pairs, faint, spreading, curving very little; length 4 to 9 in.,

breadth 1°5 to 3°5 in.; petiole ‘8 to 2 in. Panicle quite glabrous,

pale green (when dry), pyramidal, equal to or rather exceeding the

leaves ; the branches spreading, rather slender. lowers *2 in. in diam.

their pedicels slender. Sepals 4, ovate, obtuse. Petals 4, twice as

J. 11. 60

470 ~G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 4,

long as the sepals, oblong, with 3 to 5 confluent vertical ridges. Stamen

1, short; the staminodes minute, tooth-like. Ovary globose; the style

short, subulate, sub-terminal. Hrwt unknown. Engler in DC. Mon.

Phan. IV, 208.

Malacca: Maingay, No. 472.

I have never seen this, and the foregoing description of it is com-

piled from Sir Joseph Hooker who makes the following note:—-

“There appear to be two varieties of this in Maingay’s Herbariom ;

one (called Sapoong or Sampong), with larger leaves not narrowed into the petiole,

opaque above, with sunk nerves, tumid between the nerves; the other (marked as

truly wild) with brown (when dry) more shining leaves, narrowed into the petiole,

more reticulated beneath, and the nerves not sunk; its leayes are like those of

M. indica from which its glabrous pedicelled flowers and warted petals at once

distinguish it; both differ from M. quadrifida in the inflorescence. The first variety

has, according to Maingay, globose green fruit 3-4 by 23-3 in.”

5. MANGIFERA ANDAMANICA, King n. sp. <A perfectly glabrous

tree ; young branches slender and with pale bark. Leaves drying very

pale, broadly oblanceolate or obovate-elliptic, the apex rounded or

obtuse, gradually narrowed from above the middle to the broad

channelled petiole; both surfaces finely reticulate, shining, the lower

paler: main nerves 10 or ]2 pairs, curving upwards, slightly promi-

nent on the lower surface; length 3°25 to 4°5 in, breadth 1°25 to 2 in. ;

petiole *5 to °75 in., thickened in its lower half, Panicles terminal,

twice as long as the leaves or even three times as long, branching from

the base, the branches spreading, lax, the flowers borne at the extrem-

ities of the slender ultimate branchlets. Flowers °3 in. in diam., quite

glabrous, on pedicels about as long as themselves; bracteoles if any

deciduous. Sepals 4, lanceolate, slightly unequal, sub-concave. Petals

4, twice as long as the sepals, ovate-elliptic, with 5 sub-confluent ridges

on the lower half of the inner surface. Staumen1, shorter than the

petals, inserted on the inner edge of the fleshy deeply 4-lobed dise.

Ovary sub-globose: style sub-terminal, nearly as long as the petals.

Drupe elliptic, glabrous, nearly 1:5 in. long when ripe, the pa thin.

Andaman Islands: King’s Collectors.

A very distinct species allied to M. Maingayi, Hook. fil., but with

smaller more obtuse leaves and larger flowers than that species.

6. MANGIFERA LONGIPETIOLATA, King n. sp. A glabrous tree 40

to 60 feet high; young branches rather stout, with pale brown bark,

Leaves coriaceous, oblong to elliptic-oblong, tapering to both ends, the

apex shortly acuminate, gradually narrowed in the lower third to the

long petiole, both surfaces pale when dry and distinctly reticulate ;

main nerves 16 to 20 pairs, slender, slightly prominent on both surfaces,

spreading, curving, the midrib very prominent and strong on the lower

Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 471.

1896.] . G. King

surface; length 7:5 to 10 in., breadth 2°25 to 3-75 in.; petiole 2 to 4°5

in., thickened and dilated near the base. Panicles quite glabrous,

axillary and terminal, branching from the very base; the branches few,

ascending, and with short lateral racemoid branchlets bearing 8 to 12

pedicellate flowers near their ends. Flowers ‘15 in. in diam., their

pedicels rather longer than themselves, with 1 or 2 minute bracteoles

at their bases. Sepals 4, ovate-lanceolate, rather unequal. Petals 4,

larger than the sepals, elliptic, thickened near the base by 3 broad

vertical tubereulate ridges. Stamen 1, a little shorter than the petals,

inserted on the obscurely lobed cupular fleshy disc, the anther elliptic.

Ovary sub-globular with slightly lateral slender style. Drupe unknown.

Perak: at an elevation of about 2,500 feet; King’s Collector, No.

7266.

This resembles MW. quadrifida, Jack, but the ultimate branchlets of

the panicle are longer, the flowers are more numerous and are racemose

instead of being cymose as in M quadrifida. The petioles moreover are

longer in this, and are dilated near the base; the main nerves of the

leaves are more prominent and the reticulations are larger and more

distinct, while the midrib is much stouter and more prominent on the

lower surface. This grows at higher elevations than M. quadrifida.

In the great length of its petioles this resembles M. longipes, Griff. ; but

that has 5-merous flowers, whereas flowers of this are 4-merous.

7. Mawneirera Qquapriripa, Jack in Roxb. FI. Ind. ed. Carey, IT,

440. A tree 40 to 60 feet high, all parts quite glabrous. Leaves coria-

ceous, elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, tapering from about the

middle to the sub-acute apex and much attenuate base; reticulations

faint on both surfaces, but specially on the upper: main nerves 16 to 18

pairs, spreading, curved, slightly prominent ; length 5 to 7 in., breadth

1-75 to 2°5 in. ; petiole ‘75 to 2'5in.; petiole “75 to 1:2in. Panicles from

the uppermost axils, often crowded or terminal, exceeding the leaves, not

pedunculate, branching from near the base, the branches semi-erect, with.

very short lax 3-flowered cymose branchlets. FJowers ‘16 in. in diam., on

pedicels about their own length. Sepals 4, broadly ovate, obtuse, mi-

nutely puberulous, spreading. Petals 4, twice as long as the sepals,

elliptic, sub-acute, glabrous, with 3 confluent vertical ridges in the lower

half, the middle one thickened at the apex. Stamen 1, from the inner side

of one of the four deep lobes of the fleshy disc, shorter than the petals,

the anther small. Ovary broadly ovoid, glabrous; the style terminal,

as long as the stamen, thickened at the base. Staminodes none. Drupe

roundish (becoming very dark-coloured, Jack), Wall. Cat. 8489; Hook,

fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 16; Engler in DC. Mon. Phan. IV, 206.

Penang: Jack. Malacca: Maingay, No. 468. Perak: King’s Col-

lector, Nos, 2693, 8444.

472 G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

I have not seen fruit of this, and nothing has been recorded about

it except Jack’s statement that is roundish and becomes very dark-

coloured. The long, laxly-branched, quite glabrous panicles make the

species easy of recognition.

8. MANGIFERA PeNTANDRA, Hook. fil. FJ. Br. Ind. If, 14. A tree.

Leaves coriaceous, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, sub-acute, the edges

sub-undulate, the base slightly cuneate or almost rounded, the nerves

as in M. indica, but the reticulations between them finer and more

distinct on both surfaces ; length 4 to 6 in., breadth 1-5 to 2 in.; petioles

‘4 to Gin. Panicles as in M, indica, but more densely hairy. Sepals 4,

broadly ovate, obtuse, coarsely pubescent outside. Petals slightly longer

than the sepals and similar in shape, 3-nerved in front to the middle,

glabrous. Stamens 5, much shorter than the petals, unequal, seated

upon the thick lobed disc, all fertile. Ovary smooth, style sub-terminal.

Fruit unknown. Engler in DC. Mon. Phan. IV, 198.

Malacca: Griffith, No. 1095: Maingay (Kew Distrib.), No. 471.

This species is very imperfectly known. Both in its leaves and

inflorescence it much resembles M. indica, L.; but the flowers have five

stamens, the sepals are broader and more coarsely pubescent, the petals

are shorter and are situated nearer the edge of the disc. The bases

of the leaves are also less cuneate than in WV, indica. According to

Maingay, the petals of this are yellowish-white with yellow-brown

edges. The Malay name of it is, he states, “‘ Man ploni.”

9. Manoirera inpica, Linn. Spec. Pl, 290. A spreading tree 20

to 30 feet high, all parts except the inflorescence glabrous. Leaves

coriaceous, narrowly oblong, elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, usually

acute or acuminate, rarely sub-acute, the margins sometimes undulate,

the base cuneate; main nerves 12 to 20 pairs, spreading, curving,

slightly prominent on both surfaces when dry; length 5 to 10 in,

breadth 15 to 3in.; petiole *5 to lin. oreven2in. Panicles longer

than the leaves, axillary or terminal, with many spreading branches,

many-flowered, minutely tomentose or pubescent, rarely glabrescent ;

bracteoles ovate, small. Flowers *2 in. in diam., moneecious, on short

thick pedicels, yellowish. Sepals ovate, concave, pubescent outside,

shorter than the petals. Petals oblong, sub-acute, glabrous, the inner face

with 3 stout nerves. Stamen 1, rising from between two of the 5 lobes of

the fleshy disc, filament subulate. Ovary obliquely ovoid, glabrous.

Drupelarge, fleshy, obliquely pyriform or sub-ovoid, sub-compressed, vary-

ing in length from 3 or 4 in. and in some of the cultivated forms as much

as 12 inches; stone with a fibrous coat, very hard. DC. Prod. I, 63:

Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I, 193: Roxb. Fl. Ind. I, 641; W.and A.

Prod. 170; Beeldome Fl. Sylv. t. 162; Wall. Cat. 8487 (excl. D, G. and

;

es a

1896.]_ G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 473

I.) ; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 51; Bot. Mag. t. 4510; Brandis For-

Flor. 125; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 13: Kurz For. Flora Burma, I,

304; Engler in DC. Mon. Phan. 1V, 199. M. domestica, Gaertn. Fruct.

t. 100.— Rheede Hort. Mal. IV, t. 1, 2.

In all the Provinces, but planted; truly wild only in hot valleys

in the mountain ranges of British India: known as the “ Mango” to

Europeans in the British India, the commonest vernacular Indian name

being Am. An immense number of varieties are in cultivation.

10. Maneirera opnoneirouia, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 16. A

very large and perfectly glabrous tree; young branches stout. Leaves

very coriaceous, oblong-elliptic, or linear-oblong, obtuse or sub-acute,

the margins sub-undulate, the base sub-cuneate; main nerves 18 to

25 pairs, spreading, curved, reticulations faint on the upper and obsolete

on the lower surface ; length 8 to 12 in., breadth 1°5 to 2°5 in.; petiole

1-25 to 2 in. Panicle large, the branches widely spreading, bi- or tri-

chotomously laxly-branched. Flowers °25 in. in diam., on pedicels ‘15

to -25 in. long, stout. Sepals 5, ovate, obtuse, veined. Petals 5, twice

as long as the sepals, elliptic-oblong, with 3 to 5 short vertical ridges

confluent at the base into a tubercle. Stamens 5, all bearing anthers, but

only one fertile longer than the others. Ovary sub-globose, style sub-ter-

minal. Fruit ovoid, dull green, 4 in. long. Engler in DC. Mon. Phan.

IV, 16.

Malacca: Griffith, No. 1101; Maingay, No. 470. Cultivated.

A species, according to Maingay, cultivated under the name of the

“* Quenee Mango.”

11. Maneirera toncrpes, Griff. Notul. IV, 419. A tree: young

branches slender, glabrous. Leaves thinly coriaceous, oblong or elliptic-

oblong, shortly acuminate, the edges minutely sub-undulaie, the base

narrowly cuneate, both surfaces shining; main nerves 16 to 20 pairs,

sub-horizontal, thin but distinct on both surfaces (some of the inter-

mediate towards the apex almost as distinct): length 5 to 8 in., breadth

15 to 2 in.; petiole ‘75 to 1°75 in., slender. Panicles terminal, longer

than the leaves, slender, with lax> spreading branches, quite glabrous.

Flowers nearly *2 in. in diam., in ultimate cymules, on pedicels longer than

themselves. Sepals 5, ovate, acute, with mémbranous edges and a few

hairs near the midrib on the back. Petals 5, longer than the sepals,

linear-oblong, blunt, the apices reflexed, the base with a single ridge

branching upwards. Stamen 1, longer than the petals, staminodes

several. Ovary broadly ovoid, sub-compressed: style sub-lateral, as

long as the petals. Fruit unknown. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 15;

Engler in DC. Mon. Phan. IV, 201.

Malacca: Griffith, No. 1096; Maingay, No. 467.

474 G, King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

12. Maneirera cracinipes, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. TI, 16. A large

perfectly glabrous tree, young branches slender. Leaves sub-coriaceons,

small, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, shining, the edges undulate, the

base narrowly cuneate ; main nerves 10 or 12 pairs, slightly prominent,

the veins and reticulations obscure; length 3 or 4 in., breadth 1 to 15

in,; petiole ‘75 to 1 in., very slender. Panicles quite glabrous, slender,

longer than thé leaves, terminal, with numerous long very slender

raceme-like branches bearing numerous short lateral branchlets.

Flowers about ‘2 in. in diam., their pedicels slender and about as Jong

as themselves. Sepals 5, ovate, sub-acute, puberulous. Petals 5, lanceo-

late, much longer than the sepals, with 3 to 5 prominent vertical ridges.

Stamen 1, shorter than the petals; rudimentary stamens 4, subulate.

Ovary sub-globose: style long, lateral. Mngler in DC. Mon. Phan. LV,

203.

Malacca: Maingay, No. 475.

As yet this is known only by Maingay’s specimens, not one of which

bears fruit.

13. Manatrera oporata, Griff, Notul. IV, 417. A tree, all parts

glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, acute or

acuminate, both surfaces reticulate but especially the lower; main

nerves about 20 pairs, spreading, very prominent beneath: length 6 to

12 in., breadth 2 to 4in.; petiole 1:25 to 1:75 in., much thickened in

the lower half. Panicle longer than the leaves, stout, glabrous.

Flowers about °25 in. in diam., flesh-coloured. Sepals 5, ovate-oblong.

Petals 5, three times as long as the sepals, oblong, greenish suffused

with red, with 3 confluent ridges, the apices reflexed. Perfect stamens

sometimes 2, nearly as long as the petals; the imperfect ones shorter,

subulate and capitate. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, tapering into the long

filiform sub-lateral style. Drupe oblong.

Malacca: Griffith, No. 1098-—Disrris. Java; Zollinger, No. 430.

The few specimens of this that I have seen are very poor. Griffith

(quoted by Sir J. D. Hooker in F. B. Ind. l. c.) gives the following

account of the fruit. ‘‘ Drupe oblong, stinking, yellow-green, with

yellow spots, filled with a sticky gum; flesh yellow, fibrous, sweet, not

turpentiny ; stone compressed, fibrous ; cotyledons rugose, equal at the

base, one overlapping at the top.” Sir Joseph adds the following note.

“Malay name ‘‘ Koeene” or “ Kohini,” according to Griffith, which is

the name Maingay gives to M. oblongifolia (a totally different plant).

This much resembles M. Parih, Miq., of Java, which has a more effuse

panicle with long tertiary branchlets and very long pedicels.”’

14, ManeirprA FoETIDA, Lour. FJ. Cochinch., 160. A tree 60 to 80

feet high ; young branches stout, the bark pale when dry. Leaves very

1896.] G. Kine—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 475

coriaceous, elliptic-oblong to broadly-elliptic, sometimes slightly obovate,

obtuse or sub-acute, the base slightly cuneate, both surfaces pale when

dry and with the reticulations indistinct or obsolete: main nerves 16

to 18 pairs, bold, sub-horizontal ; length 8 to 12 in., breadth 3°5 to 6 in. ;

petiole -75 to 2:25 in., stout especially in its lower half. Panicles

terminal or axillary, peduncujate, as long as or longer than the leaves,

puberulous or glabrous, blood-red when fresh, black when dry ; the

branches stout, sub-erect and bearing scattered cymose branchlets,

bracteoles minute. Flowers *35 in. in diam., pinkish ; pedicels very short,

minutely bracteolate at the base. Sepals 5, thick, ovate-lanceolate,

sub-acute, glabrous. Pefals 5, linear-oblong, acute, twice as long as the

sepals, reflexed from about the middle, with an elongated 2- or 3-fid

thickening near the base and a short filiform basal claw. Stamens 5,

but only 1 perfect and nearly as long as the petals, the others shorter,

unequal and imperfect. Dise cylindric. Ovary sub-ovoid, glabrous ;

style slender, lateral. Drupe elliptic to globose, varying in form,

oblique, green, 3 or 4 in. long. Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey, II, AAO ;

Griff. Notul. IV, 419; DC. Prod. IJ, 63; Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat.

I, 198; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Vol. I, pt. 2, 632; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II,

19; Kurz For. Flora Burma, I, 305; Engler in DC. Mon. Phan. IV,

212. M. Horsfieldi, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Vol I, pt. 2, 632.

Malacca, Penang, Singapore, and probably in all the other Pro-

vinces except the Andamans and Nicobars.—Disrris. Java, Sumatra. .

I extract the following note from Sir Joseph Hooker’s Flora of

British India. “ Drupe variable in form, not compressed, oblique, green,

smooth, very fetid; flesh yellow, thick; stone almost 2-edged, charta-

ceous, fibrous;. cotyledons equal, auricled at the base; radicle short.

(Grifith.)—Maingay describes the fruit as coarse-flavoured, and not

unlike Lanjoot (M. lagenifera), stringy. Malay name Bachang or

Bachong. Rumph and Loureiro describe the drupe as hairy, but no

one else does so; possibly the fibres of the stone are alluded to by these

authors.”

15. Mancirers FRAGRANS, Maingay MSS. ex Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind.

I, 18. A tree everywhere glabrous ; young branches thick, black when

dry. eaves coriaceous, narrowly linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate,

acute, acuminate or rounded at the apex, the edges undulate, the base

acute, abruptly contracted into the very slender petiole, both surfaces

conspicuously reticulate ; main nerves 25 to 35 pairs, slender, almost

horizontal; length 6 to 10 in., breadth 1:25 to 1°5 in. ; petiole 1 to 2 in,

Panicle longer than the leaves, on a long peduncle, spreading ; its

branches thick, glabrous, black when dry. Flowers nearly ‘3 in. long,

erect, their pedicels thickened at their apices. Sepals 5? unequal,

476 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

ovate-lanceolate. Petals 5? narrowly linear-oblong, erect below but

sharply reflexed about the middle, with 1 to 3 vertical ridges.

Stamens 5, one much longer than the others whose anthers are imper-

fect (Hooker) ; filaments very slender, shorter than the lateral capillary

style. (‘‘ Drupe obliquely broadly cbianee/dipieoner the flesh yellow, acid

and terebinthine: stove thin, fibrous, the testa coriaceous.” Maingay.)

Malacca: Maingay, No. 473.

Concerning the species, Sir Joseph Hooker remarks in a note (J. ¢.

18) as follows:—This in foliage approaches very closely Blume’s

M. macrocarpa of Java, which has still narrower leaves with crimped

edges, 40 pairs of nerves, and a bitter-sweet fruit as large as a child’s

head. Dr. Engler believes that this is M. macrocarpa Blame and (Mon.

Phan. IV, 211) reduces it to that species. The very long narrow crisped-

edged leaves and large fruit distinguish it. .

16. MANGIFERA LAGENIFERA, Griff. Notul. IV, 414, t. 567, fig. 3.

A tree 50 to 8U feet high; the young branches stout, pale when dry.

Leaves very coriaceous, oblanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or

rounded, gradually narrowed below the middle to the stout petiole; both

surfaces dull when dry, not reticulate, the 16 to 20 pairs of straight

spreading main nerves very faint ; length 3 to 6 in., breadth 1 to 1°75

1.; petiole ‘5 to “9 in., flattened. Panicle puberulous, (purple in colour

when fresh) much exceeding the leaves, on a stout pedancle; the

branches lax, ascending, and bearing pedunculate cymose branchlets,

Flowers °35 in. in diam., on pedicels shorter than themselves ; bracteole

large, broad, hooded. Sepals 5, (often 6) spreading, broadly ovate,

pubescent outside. Petals 5, (often 6) two or three times as long

as the sepals, erect, oblanceolate or sub-spathulate, obtuse, puberulous

outside, slightly concave and thickened in the middle, purple. Stamens

5 or 6, all perfect, nearly as long as the petals; anthers ovate, short;

filaments long, slender. Dise slender, cylirdric. Ovary obliquely

obovoid, glabrous; the style as long as the stamens, sub-terminal.

(Drupe pyriform, pale green with a pink blush; pulp livid or of a

purplish flesh-colour : stone fibro-coriaceous, adherent to the membra-

nous texta; radicle basal, very large,” ee length 4°5 in., breadth

2°5 in.

Malacca: Griffith, No. 1104; Maingay, No 469.

The description of the fruit above given was taken by Sir Joseph

Hooker from Maingay’s notes, and has been by me copied from the

Flora of British India. Concerning the fruit Sir Joseph has the follow-

ing note on Griffith’s account of it which I quote verbatim from FI.

Br. Ind. IT, 18.“ Called Lanjoot by the Malays, according to Maingay

and Griffith. The latter describes the drupe as smooth, glaucescent,

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 477

fleshy, fetid, exuding a black varnish, traversed by innumerable fibres ;

stone ovate-lanceolate, fibro-coriaceous. Seed erect, adhering to the

black tegument on the one side, on the other smooth; cotyledons with

one half the surface smooth, the other wrinkled. Maingay describes

the dise as hemispherical, but I do not find it so.”

17. Mancirera Kemanca, Blume Mus, Bot. Lugd. Bat. I, 202.

A large tree with very stout young branches. Leaves crowded at the

apices of the branches, coriaceous, sub-sessile, oblanceolate or obovate-

oblong or cuneate-oblong, sub-acute or shortly and obtusely acuminate,

the edges sub-undulate, gradually narrowed from below the middle

to the base, glabrous and the reticulations obsolete on both surfaces:

main uerves 20 to 22 pairs, slender but distinct on both surfaces, the

midrib also broad and distinct; length 9 to 15 in., breadth 2°5 to 4 in. ;

petiole sometimes ‘1 to ‘3 in. but usually absent. Panicle large, termi-

nal, much longer than the leaves, 20 to 30 in. long, on a stout angled

peduncle covered by minute white hairs with a few longer brown ones

intermixed: branches of the panicle angled, spreading and dividing,

the flowers borne in cymules at the ends of the branchlets; bracteoles

broadly ovate, concave, pubescent, deciduous. WMlowers +25 in. long, of a

rich pinkish purple, their pedicels short. Sepals 5, erect, linear-lan-

ceolate, thick, concave, pubescent outside, glabrous inside. Petals 5, less

than twice as long as the sepals, erect, linear-lanceolate, concave, thick,

the edges thickened and undulate, glabrous, with a single mesial ridge

in front. Stamen 1, shorter than the petals: the anther ovate, short. Disc

narrow, embracing the base of the sub-globose ovary ; style sublateral,

filiform : stigma small, terminal. Drupe (fide Griffith) oblong, a little

gibbous at the base, obliquely.emarginate near the apex, of a brown

colour and with the smell of a dorian or mango: jlesh and juice copious,

fibres very abundant. Stone in outline lanceolate, rather compressed,

not woody bunt fibro-coriaceous, seed erect. MM. policarpa, Griff. Notul.

TV, 416, t. 557, fig. 2; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 20; Engler Mon. Phan.

IV, 218.

Malacca: Griffith. Sumatra: Forbes, No. 3198.

This is a species closely allied to M. caesia, Jack, but the leaves of

this are usually quite sessile and the panicle is greatly larger. Griffith’s

Malacca specimens consist of leaves only, his description extends,rto

the fruit, but not to the flowers. Ihave described the flowers from

Forbes’s Sumatra plant, the leaves of which appear to me to resemble

perfectly those of Griffith’s Malacca specimens; and they agree to the

minutest detail with Blume’s full description. The vernacular name in

Malacca is, according to Griffith, Camang which according to Blume

changes on the Archipelago to Kemang, Kamang and Kamanga.

J.) 1K 6}

478 G. King--Materials for a Vlora of the Malayan Peninsula. {[No. 3,

18. Mancirera causiA, Jack in Roxb. FJ. Ind. ed. Carey, I, 441. A

large tree; young branches stout, rather rough from the cicatrices of

fallen leaves. Leaves thickly coriaceous, broadly lanecolate or elliptie-

oblong, shortly and bluntly acuminate, narrowed from about the middle

to the short broad petiole; main nerves 20 to 25 pairs, thin, spreading,

curving, the midrib stout aud the reticulations obscure on both surfaces ;

length 6 to 12 in., breadth 2 to 3:5; petiole °35 to ‘5 in. long. Pani-

cle large, erect, terminal, longer than the leaves, on a stout pedun-

cle, minutely tawny-tomentose and of a glaucous reddish-colour: its

branches numerous, spreading, dividing and bearing the flowers near

their extremities in densely crowded cymules. Flowers “3 in. long, on

stout pedicels shorter than themselves with a broad elliptic bracteole

at the base of each, Sepals 5, lanceolate, sub-acute, erect, pubescent,

Petals 5, twice as long as the sepals, adnate to tlie dise, linear, erect,

glabrous, with one central ridge, concave. Stamen 1, shorter than the

petals, the anther short, staminodes very minute. Disc small, sub-

d-lobed. Ovary obliquely ovoid; style sub-terminal. Drupe oboyate-

oblong, reddish-white. Griff. Notul. IV, 415; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II,

19; Engler Mon. Phan. V, 213.

Malacca: Griffith, No. 1100; Maingay, No. 465.

19. MANGIFERA SUPERBA, Gore fil. F]. Br. Ind. IJ, 19. A very large

tree: the young branches three- quarters of an inch thick. Leaves large,

very coriaceous, cuneate-oblanceolate, sub-acute, the margins slightly

undulate, gradually narrowed from the upper third to the short flattened

stout petiole ; both surfaces hard and quite glabrous, not reticulate; the

midrib very stout, flattened on the upper but prominent on the lower sur-

face; main nerves 30 to 35 pairs, spreading, not very prominent: length

10 to 16 in., breadth 3 to 5; petiole very stout, from ‘5 to 1 in. long.

Panicle terminal, much longer than the leaves, tawny-pubescent, on a

very stout peduncle with many woody lanceolate bracts at its base;

its primary branches few, sub-erect, with short branchlets crowded near

the apex, the flowers densely crowded near the apices of the branchlets ;

bracts numerous, large, broadly lanceolate, concave, pubescent. Flowers

‘75 in. long, lilac, their pedicels very short. Sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate,

pubescent, concave, ‘35 in. long. Petals 5, twice as long as the sepals,

adnate to the cylindric disc, lanceolate, acuminate, recurved, veined, with

a thickened central ridge on the lower half. Stamen 1, bearing a perfect

anther, the others with imperfect small anthers, the filaments of all

subequal. Ovary obliquely ovoid, tapering into a slender sub-terminal

elongate style; ovule horizontal, laterally attached. Engler in DC. Mon.

Phan. IT, 214.

Malacca: Maingay, No 476.

1896.] G. King—Muterials for w Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 479

_ This is at once distinguished in the genus by its large flowers and

prominently bracteolate peduncles. It has hitherto been collected only

in Malacca, and only by Maingay. The great massing of semi-ligneous

bracts at the base ef the peduncle is quife unique in the genus.

Besides the foregoing there are in the Calcutta Herbarium flowering

Specimens of a Mangifera collected by Mr. L. Wray at an elevation of

3,400 feet on Gunong Batu Pateh in Perak, (Herb. Wray, No. 982).

These have good flewers, but not one of them is in fruit, The species is

5-merous, and is evidently allied to M. Griffithii, Hook. fil. and to M.

longipes, Griff. From the former of these it is distinguished by its

glabrous— not puberulous—- panicles, aud more laxly reticulate leaves

with shorter petioles. From M. lonyipes it differs in having shorter and

more condensed panicles and smaller flowers. There are also fruiting

specimens of a species gathered by the Calcutta Garden Collector, the

late Mr. H. Kunstler, in Perak: at an elevation of 500 to 800 feet

(King’s Collector, No. 7744) ; but none of them has a single flower on

it. The finit when ripe is described by Mr. Kunstler as yellowish-

grey in colour, measuring from four to five inches in length, and about

half as much in diameter. The leaves are oblong, tapering to each end,

finely reticulate aud with 13 to 15 pairs of faint ascending nerves.

It is described as a tree 50 to 70 feet in height.

4, Awnacarpium, Rottb.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, petioled, simple, quite entire.

Panicles terminal, bracteate. Flowers polygamous. Calyx deeply 5-

partite; the segments narrow, erect, imbricate, deciduous. Petals 5,

linear-lanceolate, recurved, imbricate. Disc filling the base of the calyx,

erect. Sfamens 8-10, all or some fertile ; filaments connate and adnate

to the disc. Ovary obliquely obovoid or obcordate; style filiform, ex-

centric, stigma minute; ovwle 1, semi-pendulous by a funicle, frem the

side of the base of the ovary. Nut kidney-shaped, seated on a large

pyriform fleshy bedy formed of the enlarged disc and top of the peduncle ;

pericarp cellular and full of oil. Seed kidney-shaped, ascending ; testa

membranous, adherent; cotyledons semi-lunar ; radicle short, hooked.—

Distris. A small tropical American genus, of which one species is

naturalised in Asia.

ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE, Linn. Sp. Pl. 548. A small tree. Leaves

‘coriaceous, glabrous, obovate, obovate-oblong or elliptic ; the apex obtuse,

rounded or retuse, the edges entire; the base cuneate or sub-cuneate,

rarely rounded ; main nerves 10 to 12 pairs, spreading, rather promi-

nent beneath; length 4 to 9 in., breadth 3 to 5 in.; petiole *5 to °7d in.

Panicles terminal, longer than the leaves, on peduncles which lengthen

480 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (No. 3,

with age, puberulous toward the apex, the branches cymose; the

flowers at the apices, ‘5 in. long, the pedicel shorter; bract ovate-

lanceolate, nerved, puberulous. Sepals lanceolate. Petals longer than

the sepals, linear-lanceolate, deflexed from the middle. Stamens about

9, one longer than the others. Fruit 1 in. long; its peduncle large,

fleshy, dark-coloured. Jacq. Ann. I, 121, t 35; DC. Prod. IJ, 62;

Roxb. Fl. Ind. II, 312; Wall. Cat. 990; Wight and Arn. Prodr. I,

168; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 40: Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. Flor. Suppl.

18; Griff. Notul. IV, 408, t. 565, f. 3 ¢. f.; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. TI,

20; Bedd, Fl. Sylv. t. 163; Kurz For. Flora Burma, I, 310; Engler

in DC. Mon. Phan. IV, 219.—Rheede Hort. Mal. IIT, t. 54.

In all the Provinces, but always near villages and probably plauted.

A native of tropical America.

5. Guora, Linn.

Trees with caustic juice. Leaves crowded at the ends of the

branchlets, short-petioled, simple, oblong, coriaceous. Panieles axil-

lary and terminal. Flowers small, hermaphrodite. Calyx spathaceous,

bursting irregularly, ecaducous. Petals 4-6, adnate to the disc, imbri-

cate. Disc elongate, rarely short. Stumens 4-6, inserted on the disc,

filaments capillary. Ovary sessile on the disc or stipitate, oblique, I-

celled ; style lateral, filiform, stigma simple; ovule solitary, pendulous

from a basal funicle. Drupe sub-ligneous, stalked, dry, more or less

irregularly globose, irregularly tubercled or ridged; the endocarp coria-

ceous, connate with the testa, juicy : cotyledons fleshy, large, connate: the

radicle short and incurved.—Distris. About six species all either

Malayan or Burmese.

Calyx only about one-fourth of the length of the

petals, glabrous; petioles short (3 tev °6 in.

long) wi a ww. Ll. G. Benghas.

Calyx half as long as the foetal

Calyx glabrous; petioles slender, *6 to 1 in.,

long, ovary obliquely ovoid as w. 2. G. elegans.

Calyx tomentose; ovary obliquely sub-reni-

form-orbicular, tubercled, glabrous; petioles

very short (“1 to ‘35 in.) . 38. G&. eoarctata.

Calyx pubescent ; ovary afrarahianee. ae

tose; petioles ‘6 or ‘7 in. broad, channelled ... 4 G. Wray.

if Chan Beneuas, Linn. Mant. 293. A tree. Leaves oblanceolate-

oblong, the apex broad and rounded, rarely with a blunt apiculus ;

gradually narrowed in the lower half to the short narrow channelled

petiole; both surfaces shining and reticulate; main nerves 18 to 20

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 481

pairs, spreading, not very prominent; length 4 to 7 in., breadth 16 to

2°25 in.; petiole °3 to ‘Gin. Panicles axillary, when in flower shorter

than the leaves, when in fruit often longer, puberulous, the branches

divaricate and corymbose, pedicels shorter than the buds. Calyx

glabrous, only about one-fourth as long as the petals. Petals elliptic-

lanceolate. Stamens 5, about half as long as the petals, the gynophore

shorter than the stamens. Ovary obliquely globosely sub-reniform, the

style sub-lateral, 2 imperfect ovaries sometimes present. Drupe irregu-

larly globose or sub-reniform, much tuberculate, furrowed on one side,

about 1*5 in. in diam. Willd. Sp. Pl. I, 1120; DC. Prod. I, 501; Blume

Bijdr. 1159; Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I, 182, t. 39. GL Renghas, Engler

in DC. Mon. Phan. IV, 226, t. 6. Stagmaria verniciflua, Jack in

Malay Mise. ex Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. I, 267.

Pahang: Ridley, No. 1228. -

Distributed over the whole Malayan Archipelago and known to the

Malayas as Renghas, which was no doubt the name that Linneus

intended to use as the specific name, although it appears in his Mantissa

as G. Benghas. The copious resin of this tree is acrid, but it forms the

basis of an excellent varnish which is exported to China and Japan.

2, Guvura ELEGANS, Kurz For. Flora Burma, T, 310. A small tree,

every part except the inflorescence glabrous: young branches slender,

with cinereous bark. Leaves coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-

lanceolate, shortly and obtusely acuminate, the base cuneate; upper surface

shining, the lower faintly reticulate and sub-glaucous ; main nerves 10 to

14 pairs, spreading, faint or slightly prominent on the lower surface;

length 3 to6 in, breadth 1 to 2 in.; petiole °6 to 1 in., slender, thickened

at the base. Panicles much shorter than the leaves, mostly terminal,

with alternate suh-corymbose branches each with 5 to 9 pedicellate

flowers, bracteole linear, Flowers nearly ‘5 in, long. Calyx tubular,

split on one side, 4-nerved, glabrous, scarlet, the apex with 2 teeth.

Petals 4 or 5, twice as long as the calyx, linear-lanceolate, blunt, spread-

ing. Stamens 4 or 5, as long as the petals or longer. Gynophore half

as long as the corolla. Ovary obliquely ovoid. Drupe oblong, gibbous,

glabrous, ‘75 in. long when dry, the scar of the style nearer the base

than the apex. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IJ, 22; Engler in DC. Mon,

Phan. IV, 225. Syndesmis elegans, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey,

II, 315; Cat. No. 1003.

Penang: Porter, (Wall. Cat. 1003 and 9049). King: King’s

Collector, No. 1366. Malacca: Maingay, No. 481. Perak: King’s

Collector, No. 4913.

Var. Helferi, Hook. fil. 1. c. leaves linear-oblong, obtuse, nerves

oblique.

482 G. King—Materials for a Vlora of the Malayan Peninsula. (No. 3,

Tenasserim and Andamans: Helfer, Nos. 1117 and 1118.

3. GuLura coarcrata, Hook. fil. Fl. Br, Ind. II, 22. <A small tree,

all parts except the puberulous inflorescence glabrous. Leaves thinly

coriaceous, often recurved and conduplicate, obovate-oblong, oblan-

ceolate-oblong or oblong, obtuse or sub-acute, narrowed in the lower

third to the short stout petiole, occasionally minutely cordate; the

edges often undulate: both surfaces shining and reticulate; main

nerves 13 to 20 pairs, spreading, faint on both surfaces; length 5 to

9 in., breadth 1°75 to 3 in. ; petiole ‘1 to °35 in., stout. Panicles axillary,

shorter than the leaves, pedunculate, tawny-puberulous, with a few

corymbose branches, each with 3 to 5 shortly pedicelled flowers nearly

‘4.in. long when fresh. Oulyx half as long as the petals, shortly bilobed,

cinereous-tomentose. Petals 5, broadly oblanceolate, veined, puberu-

lous outside. Stamens 5, shorter than the petals, the gynophore much

shorter. Ovary obliquely sub-reniform, orbicular, rugulose, glabrous, the

style lateral. Drupe sub-globose, apiculate, with an irregularly tuber-

culate ridge round the base, the sides also irregularly tubercle-ridged ;

the epicarp leathery; the mesocarp white, fibrous and spongy; the

eudocarp coriaceous, adnate to the erect seed. Cotyledons unequally

sub-hemispheric, fleshy, about 1°56 in. long when fresh. Engler in

DC. Mon. Phan, IV, 227, (excl. syn. G. velutina Bl.)

Malacca: Griffith, No. 1120. Perak: Scortechiui, No. 1375. Johore :

King and Hullett.— Disrris. Sumatra.

The Bornean species which Blume (Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I, 183)

names G. velutina is known only by his description which consists of

the following six words “ paniculae ramis patentibus calycibusque sericeo

velutinis.”” It is considered by Dr. Engler to be identical with this:

but Blume’s description, short as it is, appears to me to negative the

suggestion.

4, Guuta Wrayt, King n. sp. A tree, all parts except the in-

florescence glabrous. eaves thickly coriaceous, elliptic, sub-acute, the

edges sub-undulate, narrowed from about the middle to the broadly

channelled petiole, both surfaces faintly reticulate when dry; the main

nerves 12 to 14 pairs, spreading, quite obsolete on the upper surface,

faint on the lower; length 4 to 65 in., breadth 1°6 to 45 in.; petiole

‘6 or 7 in. Panicles in the upper leaf-axils only, much shorter than the

leaves, shortly pedunculate, densely and minutely pubescent, the branches

spreading; the flowers numerous, ‘4 in. long, crowded towards the apices ;

pedicels shorter than the buds. Calyx pubescent outside, about half as

long as the petals. Petals 5, narrowly obloug-lanceolate, rather blunt

at the apex, the base clawed, puberulous outside, glabrescent inside.

Stamens 5, longer than the petals, authers short, filaments thickened

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 483

towards the base: ovary obovoid-rotund, tomentose; the style lateral,

elongate. Fruit unknown.

Perak: Wray, No. 2290.

This differs from G. coarctata, Griff. in its longer leaf-petioles,

shorter panicles, broader petals and sub-obovate-rotund, tomentose, ovary.

Tt has been hitherto collected only once by Mr. Wray: fruit is as yet

unknown.

Yote.—Kurz (Pegu Report 41, and in Journ. As. Soc. Bengal for 1876, pt. 2, p. 210)

refers (under the name G. petiolata) to a tree which he had seen common on the

shores of the Andamans, but of which he had collected neither flowers nor fruit,

The specimens to which he has attached this name in the Caleutta Herbarium do

not, however, appear to me to be those of a plant of this genus.

6. Merrnanorrua@a, Wall,

Trees with much oleo-resinous juice. Leaves alternate, simple, quite

entire, coriaceous. Panicles axillary or terminal. Flowers rather large,

hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, united, calyptriform or collar-like, deciduous.

Petals 5-8, linear-oblong, imbricate, much enlarged in fruit. Dise

hemispheric or columnar. Stamens 5-10, or very numerous, inserted on

the disc ; filuments slender. Ovary stalked, lenticular, oblique, 1-celled ;

style sublateral, stigma simple; ovule 1, pendulous from a basal funicle.

Fruit dry, subsessile, or on a long pedicel rising from the stellately-

spreading persistent petals, globose, coriaceous. Seed subglobose. or

oblong; testa papery ; cotyledons thick, plano-convex ; radicle ascending.

A Malayan genus of about 9 species.

Sect. I. Humelanorrhoea: petals accrescent in the fruit.

Calyx spathaceous and falling off like a calyptra.

Stamens 5. ,

Bracts if any small and deciduous.

Leaves broadly elliptic, the lower

surface with many very minute

hairs and numerous dots we Ll. M. Maingayi.

Leaves obovate-elliptic, glabrous on

both surfaces, not dotted .. 2 M. Wallichir.

Bracts large and persistent, embracing

the flower buds Sot .. & M. Woodsiana.

Stamens 10... cee we AL MM. Curtisic.:

Calyx withering and remaining as a loose

3-toothed collar round the pedicel .. OO DL. torquata.

Sect. If. Apterae: petals not accrescent.

Petals oblanceolate, leaves 6 to 15 in.long 6. M. aptera.

Petals elliptic, leaves 4 or 5in. long .,.. 7. M. inappendiculata.

484 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

The characters of the genus Melanorrhea, as defined by Wallich

its founder, were modified, as regards the number of stameus, by Sir

Joseph Hooker in the Flora of British India, in order to admit the

pentamerous species M. Muingayi and M. Wallichii. 1 have ventured

still further to modify them in two points, viz., the calyptrate nature of

the calyx, and the accrescence and persistence of petals as wings in the

fruit. In the species which I have here named M. torquata, the calyx,

instead of slipping off over the apex of the flower as a calyptra, drops

downwards and forms a loose collar hanging round the pedicel. And, in

the two species which I have named M. aptera and M. inappendiculata,

the petals are deciduous and do not persist as wings to the finit. But,

even alter these’ modifications, there remain a sufficient number of

characters by which Melanorrhea may be distinguished fromits nearest

ally Swintonia.

1. Meranorrn@a Mainecayi, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 25. <A tree

80 to 100 feet high: the young branches rather slender, their bark

when dry pale brown, at first puberulous afterwards glabrous. Leaves

coriaceous, broadly elliptic, the apices rounded or obtuse, the base very

slightly cuneate, the edges sub-undulate; both surfaces reticulate,

shining, the upper glabrous, the lower with a few very minute

hairs and many dots; main nerves 12 to 16 pairs, sub-horizontal, pro-

minent on both surfaces but especially on the lower: length 3°5 to 6

in., breadth 2 to 3 in.; petiole 1 to 1:25 in. Panicles terminal and

axillary, slender, two or three times as long as the leaves, tawny-pubes-

cent especially towards the extremities, their brauches few and sub-erect,

the ultimate branchlets few-flowered. Flowers 5 in. in diam., on slender

pedicels ; buds elliptic, acute, pubescent. Petals lanceolate, pubescent.

Stamens 5; the filaments slender, pubescent above the middle, Dise

elevated. Ovary tomentose, Fruit oblong, obtuse, about °5 in. long,

glabrescent ; the enlarged petals at its base coriaceous, veined, linear-

oblong, the gynophore very short. Engler in DC. Mon. Phan. IV, 235.

Malacea: Maingay, Nos. 482; 485; Derry. Perak: Scortechini,

No. 1719: King’s Collector, No. 7788. Singapore: Ridley, No. 4780.

2 Menanorra@a Watticuit, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 25. A

very large tree; the young branches slender, glabrous. Leaves coria-

ceons, obovate-elliptic, the apex obtuse or rounded, the base slightly

cuneate and somewhat oblique; both surfaces glabrous and shining,

the lower reticulate, the upper obscurely so: main nerves J0 or 12

pairs, sub-horizontal, not very prominent; length 3:5 to 8 in., breadth

2 to 4in.; petiole °75 to 1°5 in., slightly winged, and somewhat dilated

at the base, puberulous. Panicles numerous, axillary and terminal,

branched from the base, about 12 in. long, the branches with slender

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 485

cinereous-tonientose branchlets and numerous softly pubescent flowers ;

bracts large, obovate, concave, membranous. Flowers °25 in. long, on

pedicels shorter than the buds. Calyx narrowly ovoid, very membranous.

Peials narrowly oblong, villous ov both surfaces, inserted towards the

base of the short disc: Stamens 5. Ovary shortly stalked, densely

pilose; attenuated into a style longer than itself. Drupe unknown.

Engler in DC. Mon, Phan. IV, 235. Stigmaria verniciflua, Jack? in

Wall. Cat. 980.

I have seen only Wallich’s specimen of this in the Calcutta set of his

plants. The specimen is a very poor one, and the above description is

taken mostly from Sir Joseph Hooker. Mr. Derry collected in Malacca,

(Herb. No. 1010) a plant of which there are two fruiting specimens

in the Caleutta Herbarium which, from the shape of its leaves, I would

have referred to this, were it not that remains of numerous stamens

persist at the base of one of the young fruits. Mr. Derry’s plant must

I believe belong to an as yet undescribed species.

38. Metanorrua@a Woopsiana, Scort. MSS. in Herb. Cale. A tree 60

to 100 feet high; young branches velvetty, ferrugineous. Leaves thickly

coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, elliptic or elliptic-rotund, the apex obtuse or

rounded or emarginate, the edges sub-undulate, the base rounded or sub-

cuneate; upper surface glabrous, the transverse reticulations rather

distinct ; the lower surface densely and uniformly rusty-tomentose, or

glabrescent with age: main nerves 15 to 24 pairs, sub-horizontal, very

prominent on thé lower surface slightly so on the upper; length 4 to

5°5 in., breadth 1:75 to 3:5 in. ; petiole 1 to 1:35 in.; deeply channelled,

dilated at the base, tomentose or glabrescent. Panicles from the upper

leaf-axils, longer than the leaves, on long peduncles densely and

minutely rusty-tomentose, branching more or less trichotomously towards

the apex; the ultimate branches compressed, cymulose. Flowers sub-

sessile, -25 in, long, enveloped while in bud by imbricated concave

broadly-ovate tomentose bracts ; buds narrowly elliptic ; the spathaceous

calyx membranous, veined, puberulous: Petals 5, oblong. Stamens 5,

anthers versatile, filaments hairy. Ovary obliquely ovoid, style lateral.

Drupe elliptic, smooth, without a pedicel; the enlarged petals narrowly

elliptic, obtuse, puberulous, red in colour, 15 in. long and ‘75 in. broad

(perhaps not quite fully grown).

Perak: Scortechini, No: 2086 ; King’s Collector, No. 7788.

This has as yet been collected only by the late Father Scortechini

and Mr. Kunstler, and their specimens have no ripe fruit. It approaches

M. Maingayi in its leaves, but has much more tomentose panicles. The

great distinctive mark, however, is that the flower buds of this are each

enveloped in a large concave sheathing bract. As regards the pubes-

J. u. 62

486 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

cence of the under surface of the leaves in this species there is some

diversity, many specimens having the under surface covered with a

dense and uniform layer of rusty tomentum, while in other specimens

the lower surface of the leaves and the petioles are glabrescent. The

species was named by Father Scortechini to commemorate his friend,

the Revd. Father Tennison Woods, who died of an illness contracted

during his exploration of the physiography of the central mountainous

range of the Malayan Peninsula.

4. Mectanorrua@a Corrisi, Oliver in Hook. Ic. Plantar, t. 1513.

A tree 40 to 80 feet high: young branches very slender. Leaves

coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, obtuse, or shortly and

bluntly acuminate, the base cuneate, both surfaces quite glabrous and

without scales or dots; maim nerves 12 to 16 pairs, spreading, curving,

faint; length 3 to 5 im. breadth 1:25 to 2 in.; petiole *5 to °75 in.

Panicles slender, open, axillary and terminal, pedunculate, much longer

than the leaves; the branches opposite or sub-opposite, distant, lax,

each bearing several ultimate few-flowered branchlets near the apex,

puberulous close to the flowers, otherwise quite glabrous ; bracteoles

small, ovate-lanceolate, caducous. Flowers -25 in. long, on puberulous

pedicels, the buds narrow. Calyx with dark nerves. Petals 5, linear,

puberulous outside, contorted in estivation. Stamens 10, a little

shorter than the petals, glabrous; the filaments slender ; the anthers small,

oval. Disc pubescent. Ovary obliquely ovoid, stalked, glabrous. Style

sub-terminal, Drupe depressed-globose, *5 to °75 in. in diam., its stalk

35 in. ; the enlarged petals leathery, linear-oblanceclate, 1°75 to 2°5 in.

long. M. Duthieana, Scort. MSS. in Herb. Caleutia.

Penang: Curtis, No. 242; King’s Collector, No. 1635. Perak:

King’s Collector, No. 6887. Kedah: Ridley, No. 5359.

The late Father Scortechini notes on this that the stamens are

occasionally 8 instead of 10.

5. Mebanorru@a TorquaTa, King n. sp. <A tree 80 to 100 feet

high: young branches stout, and with rough rather pale brown bark.

Leaves coriaceous, obovate, with broad rounded apices, sub-undulate

“edges, and sharply cuneate bases; both surfaces glabrous, the upper

with the reticulations almost obsolete, the midrib very broad and flat ;

the lower with the transverse veins rather distinct, the midrib sharply con-

vex; main nerves 22 to 26 pairs, rather faift on the upper surface when

dry, very distinct on the lower, spreading and rather straight; length

7 to 11 in., breadth 4 to 6:25 in.; petiole ‘25 to °35, stout. Panieles

terminal, branching from the very base, densely and minutely tawny-

tomentose; the branches spreading, naked below but with many branchlets

toward the apex, the ultimate branchlets cymulose. Flowers ‘25 in.

— TT

1896.] G: King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 487

long, on pedicels ‘2 in. long, buds ellipsoid. » Calyx tubular or narrowly

campanulate, its mouth with 3 broadly-triangular unequal teeth,

puberulous externally, withering and hanging round the pedicels like

a loose collar. Peials 5, slightly imbricate, elliptic, sub-acute, spreading

er sub-reflexed, °2 in. long, tomentose outside, pubescent inside. Stamens

5, nearly as long as the petals; anthers small, ovate; filaments subulate,

pubescent below the middle. Ovary globose or obovoid, shorter than

the gynophore, both tomentose; ovwle solitary, its podesperm from

the very base of the cell: style longer than the ovary, cylindric, pubes-

cent except near the apex. sfegma truncate. Fruit unknown. .

Perak: King’s Collector, No. 5552.

This differs in calyx from Melanorrhea as usually understood,

inasmuch as in this plant the calyx separates from the flower soon after

expansion and remains as a loose 3-toothed collar hanging round

the pedicel; whereas in Melanorrhea, as hitherto defined, the calyx is

calyptriform and is pushed off the flower by the expansion of the petals.

In both cases the calyx is deciduous; in the one case it separates

from the flower by .the apex.of the latter, in the other case by ils

base. /

_ 6. MELANORRHOEA APTERA, King .n. sp. A tree 40 to 70 feet high;

young branches stout, with rough cinereous bark, the cicatrices of the

fallen leaves very prominent. Leaves very coriaceous, oblanceolate-

oblong or obovate-elliptic; the apex broad aud rounded, rarely with

a short sub-acute point; narrowed from above the middle and decur-

rent on the short stout petiole; the edges quite entire, slightly revolute

when dry; both surfaces glabrous, the upper pale greenish-brown when

dry, the lower brown, the midrib on the upper surface broad and flat-

tened in its lower half, on the lower surface convex ; main lateral nerves

15 to 18 pairs, spreading, rather straight, somewhat prominent beneath ;

length 6 to 15-in., breadth 2. to 6 in.; petiole ‘5 to 1 in., stout. Panicles

shorter or longer than the leaves, axillary, crowded near the ends of _

the twigs; their branches short, racemose, few-flowered, glaucous. Flower-

buds narrowly ellipsoid, glabrous, ebracteate. Flowers 1 in. in diam., -

their pedicels -25 to ‘3 in. long, sparsely adpressed-pubescent. Calyzx

glabrous, about ‘5 in. long at the time of falling, Petals 5 or 6, much

imbricate, oblanceolate, densely adpressed-sericeous outside, glabrous

inside. Stamens numerous (about 50), on a conical torus which is pro-

duced upwards into a gynophore. Ovary obliquely ovoid, compressed,

ridged, glabrous, I-celled, with a singleoblong ovule pendulous from

a basal funicle. Style sub-terminal, stout, bent, glabrous, longer than

the ovary ; stigma short, cylindric. Drupe depressed-globose, glabrous,

with numerous thin yertical ridges, 1:5 in. in diam. Seed. solitary,

488 G. King—Waterials for a Flora of the Malayau Peninsula. [No. 3,

1 in. long, the testa thin: cotyledons plano-convex, very thick and

fleshy.

Perak: King’s Collectors, No. 3485, 3727, 7656. Penang: Curtis,

No. 1567.

A fine species readily distinguished by its large flowers and in-

appendiculate fruit.

7, MELANORRHOEA INAPPENDICULATA, King n, sp. A tree 50 to 60

feet high; young branches only as thick as a swan’s quill, cinereous,

rough. Leaves coriaceous, oblong-oblanceolate; the apex broad and

rounded, sometimes retuse ; the blade narrowed from above the middle to

the narrowly cuneate base and prolonged along part of the petiole, the

edges slightly revolute; both surfaces glabrous; main nerves 15 to 18

pairs, spreading, straight, slender; length 3°5 to 5 in., breadth 15 to

2in.; petiole ‘75 to 1 in., winged for half its length. Panicles about as

long as the leaves, axillary, solitary in the axils of the leaves, few-flow-

ered. Flowers ‘75 iu. in diam.; petals narrowly elliptic, blunt; ovule

oblong, pendulous, its funicle attached to the side of the base of the

wide loculus of the ovary, otherwise as in M. aptera. Drupe globular,

glabrous, 1 to 1°5 in. in diam.

Perak: King’s Collector, No. 5418. Penang: Curtis, No. 2475.

This is a second species of Melanorrhanoea with non-accrescent

petals. According to Mr, Curtis the petals are white, with a pink

flush at the base, and the filaments are pink, while the anthers are green.

The attachment of the funicle of the ovule in this species is to the side

of the base of the ovular loculus, whereas in M. aptera it is attached to

the centre of the base.

7. Swinronta, Griff.

Trees, quite glabrous. Leaves alternate, long-petioled, stmple, quite

entire. Panicles terminal and axillary, very large and broad. Flowers

_ small, hermaphrodite or unisexual. Calyx small, 5-lobed; lobes rounded,

imbricate. Petals 5, adnate to the middle of the disc, linear-oblong,

imbricate, much enlarged and reflexed in fruit. Disc short or elongate

or cylindric. Stamens 5, inserted on the top of the disc, free. Ovary

sessile, ovoid, 1-celled, narrowed into the slender style; stigma ecapitel-

late ; ovule pendulous from a basal funicle. Drupe ovoid, smooth, ses-

sile, coriaceous, subtended by the 5 reflexed enlarged petals. Seed ereet,

testa, thin, cotyledons amygdaloid. Disrrar. The following are the

only species known.

Bracts of the panicle inconspicuous or absent.

Leaves sub-coriaceous, main nerves 14 to 18

pairs ; flowers on very short pedicels we 1. Se Schwenkit.

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 489

Leaves coriaceous, main nerves 10. to 12 pairs,

inconspicuous ; pedicels longer than the flower,

slender... . 2. &. Penangiana.

- Flower-buds embraced ie large concave imbri-

cate bracts ... ec avs .. 93 &. spictfera,

Imperfectly known species ee we 4 OS. Lurida.

1. Swryronta Scuwenxur, Teysm, and Binn. Cat. Hort. Bogor.

(1866) p. 230. A tree; young branches slender, glaucous. Leaves

sub-coriaceous, Bblodeteticenlate or narrowly elliptic, shortly and ob-

tusely acuminate, the edges sub-undulate, the base slightly narrowed

but usually rounded ; both surfaces obscurely reticulate, the lower paler

when dry; main nerves 14 to 18 pairs, spreading and rather straight :

length 3 to 6 in., breadth 1:25 to 15 in.; petiole 1°25 to 1°5 in. slender,

with a slight swelling at the very base Panicles crowded at the ends

of the branches in the axils of the upper leaves, slender, usually longer

than the leaves, pedunculate; the branches short, alternate, spreading,

the ultimate branchlets cymose, Flowers polygamous, ‘1 in. diam., on

very short pedicels. Segments of the calyx united only at the base,

orbicular, concave, glabrous. Petals oblong, obtuse, pubescent on both

surfaces, rapidly enlarging in the ripe fruit and reflexed, 2°5 in. long, nar-

rowly oblong, coriaceous, veined. Drupe oblong, smooth, °75 in. long.

Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Vol. XX XIX, Pt. 2, (1870), 75; Engler

in DO. Mon. Phan. 1V, 232. <Anauwanopetulum Schwenkii, Teysm. and

Binnend. in Miquel Journ. I, 368. Astropetalum 2, Griffith, Notul. IV,

415.

Malacca: Griffith, No. 1156; Maingay, No. No. 486.— Distris

Sumatra.

I have followed Sir Joseph Hooker and Dr. Engler in identifying

this Malacca species of Swintonia with S. Schwenkii, T. B., although

the specimens in the Calcutta Herbarium hardly bear this out. In

the Calcutta Herbarium there are authentic specimens of Anaua-

anopetalum Schwenkii—the name originally given to the species by

Teysm. and Binn, These specimens were collected in the Beuitenzorg

garden and were sent out by its authors. They are therefore practi-

eally type specimens, for as the authors explain (Miq. Journ. Bot. I,

369) the species was named in the Beuitenzorg garden from specimens

taken from trees originally received from Sumatra by Major Schwenk.

Dr. Anderson in 186] also eollected in the Beuitenzorg garden specimens

of the same. These Beuitenzorg specimens all agree in having flowers

with rather long pedicels, Now, in describing S. Schwenkii in the FI.

Br. India from the Malacca specimens, Sir Joseph Hooker makes it a

diagnostic mark of the species, as understood by him, that the flowers

490 G, King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

ave subsessile. In their leaves the Malacca and Beuitenzorg specimens

closely resemble each other, but the panicles of the latter are much

larger than those of. the former. I think it possible therefore that,

when better specimens of the Malacca plant are collected, other char-

acters may be found. which will prove that it is not really the same as

S. Schwenkii, T. and .B. Ge

2. SwintontA Penanciana, King n. sp. A tall tree: young

branches slender, glaucous. Leaves coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, rarely

ovate-lanceolate, tapering from the middle to the shortly bluntly acumi-

nate apex and to the cuneate base; main nerves 10 to 12 pairs, spread-

ing, faint on both surfaces, the reticulations obsolete: length 3 te 4°5

in., breadth 1°] to 1-4 in.; petiole ‘75 to 1:25 in., slender, but slightly

thickened near the base. Panicles axillary and terminal, as long as or

longer than the leaves, pedunculate, slender, glabrous: the branches

lax, spreading, the flowers in ultimate cymules of about three. Flowers

"15 in. long; their pedicels slender, longer than themselves. Calyx

narrowly campanulate, with 5 broad subtruncate sub-ciliate lobes. Petals

5, longer than the calyx, sub-erect, oblong, obtuse, minutely tomentose

with glabrous margins. Stamens 5; the anthers elliptic, dorsifixed,

the filaments slender. Disc thin, cylindric. Ovary obliquely ovoid,

pubescent, tapering into the sbort sub-terminal style, stigma rather

large for the genus, Drupe globular, glabrous, smooth, *5 in. in diam.,

the reflexed accrescent petals narrowly oblong, sub-acute, about 1°35 in.

long and ‘3 in, wide, glabrescent.

Penang: Curtis, No. 1579.

A species allied to §. floribunda, Griff., but with shorter panicles,

and globular not oblong, fruit. The leaves of this moreover are more

coriaceous and have fewer nerves than these of 8. floribunda.

3. Swinronta spicirera, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 27. A lofty

tree: young branches smooth, reddish when fresh, Leaves coriaceous,

oblanceolate or elliptic-obovate, the apex sub-acute or obtuse, the base

attenuate-cuneate ; upper surface shining, not reticulate, the lower pale

brown when dry and glaucous: main nerves 13 to 20 pairs, obsolete on

the upper and only slightly prominent on the lower surface, spreading,

slightly curved ; length 3°25 to 4°5 in., breadth 1°5 to 1°75 in.; petiole

‘6 to 1:25 in. Panicles crowded near the ends of the branches, long-

pedunculate, exceeding the leaves ; the branchlets articulate, corymbosely

crowded and trichotomously branched, angled, puberulous. Flowers *2 in.

long, each on a pubescent pedicel embraced by a_broadly-ovate

concave puberulous bracteole. Calyx fleshy, tubular, with 5 deep

quadrate segments, puberulous outside, glabrous inside. Petals 5, twice

as long as the calyx, thick, obovate-oblong, obtuse, concave, shortly

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 491

clawed. Stamens 4 or 5, shorter than the petals, filaments slender, the

anthers short oblong; disc thin, cylindric. Ovary stalked, obliquely

ovoid, puberulous. Drupe obliquely ovoid, smooth, 75 in. long, the

accrescent petals reflexed, coriaceous, veined, 1°75 in. long, pericarp

thin. Engler in DC. Mon. Phan. V, 233.

_ Penang: Maingay, No. 486/2; Curtis, No. 371; King’s Collector,

No. 1802. Perak: Scortechini, Nos. 1891, 2083; King’s Collector,

Nos. 3534, 3677.

Var. Scortechinii, King; leaves oblong-lanceolate, shortly and

bluntly acuminate, the base rounded or sub-cuneate, main nerves 12 to

14 pairs.

Perak: Scortechini, No. 1891.

This species and its variety are both notable for the Gade which

embrace the flower-buds.

4, SwintonrA Luria, Kingn.sp. Asmall tree: all parts quite glab-

rous ; the young branches slender, striate and dark-coloured when dry:

Teaves thinly coriaceous, narrowly elliptic-oblong, the edges slightly

thickened and undulate, the apex shortly abruptly and bluntly acumi-

nate, the base cuneate, decurrent on the petiole; both surfaces glabrous

and minutely reticulate ; the upper shining, olivaceous green when dry ;

the lower dull, pale liver-coloured when dry; main nerves 22 to 24

pairs, rather faint, spreading to the edge without interarching, the

secondary nerves almost as prominent: length 6 to 8 in., breadth 15

to 2°25 in.; petiole ‘6 to °75 in., thickened near the base. Panicle ter-

minal, peaches from the base, drooping, slender; the branches long,

bearing short branchlets with the numerous ewer in small cymes.

Matz rrowers a little more than ‘1 in. long, pedicelled.. Calyx cupular,

fleshy, with 5 broadly triangular teeth, glabrous. Petals 5, twice as

long as the calyx, pale, oblong- elliptic, obtuse, with a truncate base,

glabrous. Stamens inserted outside the shallow cupular dark-coloured

slightly 5-lobed fleshy disc, shorter than the petals: anthers short,

ovate, dorsifixed ; filaments broadly subulate, with a very fine-pointed

apex. Rudimentary ovary narrowly elliptic, sunk in the disc, tapering

slightly upwards ; no distinct style, stigma small, concave. Semecarpus ?

lurida, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 34; Engler in DC. Mon. Phan. IV,

496.

Malacca: Maingay, No. 495. Perak: Wray, No. 3249. |

A species of which female flowers and fruit are still unknown.

Maingay’s specimens were originally described by Sir Joseph Hooker

as a doubtful species of Semecarpus, under the name: ? S. lurida. They

are very incomplete. Since Maingay’s time good specimens of exactly

the same plant, but still without female flowers or fruit, have been

492 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

collected by Mr. L. Wray in Perak. These have enabled Dr. Stapf,

of the Kew Herbarium, and myself to refer the plant to the genus

Swintonia, its nearest allies being S. floribunda and §. Schwenkii. In

Wray’s field note on his specimens he writes “flower pale-greenish-

yellow: leaves shining, bright green above; pale and bluish beneath.”

8. Parisura, Hook. fil.

Tall trees with alternate unequally-pinnate leaves; the leaflets

coriaceous, entire. Panicles large, nodding. Flowers dicecious. Maze

Frower. Oalyx cupular, 4-lobed; the lobes ovate, valvate. Petals 4,

oblong, imbricate. Disc short, annular, obscurely 4-lobed. Stamens

4, inserted below the margin of the disc. Rudimentary ovary cylindric.

Fruatz Frower. Calyx 4-lobed, the lobes persistent and greatly en-

larged in fruit. Petals 4. Ovary sessile, ovoid, 1-celled ; style terminal,

unequally 3-fid, stigmas capitate ; ovule pendulous from near the apex

of the cell. Fruit sub-globose, dry, pubescent, bearing the persistent

base of the style at its apex, the pericarp thin. Seed pendulous, its

testa membranous ; cotyledons amygdaloid, radicle superior.—Distrip.

5 species, all either Burmese or Malayan.

Wings of accrescent-calyx 2°5 to3in. long _... 1. P. insignis.

Wings of accrescent-calyx 4°5 in. and upwards in

length. ;

Leaflets glabrous beneath, the midrib and

nerves very slightly puberulous ... . 2. P. Maingayi.

Leaflets rusty-pubescent on the lower surface 3. P. pubescens.

1. ParisHta insignis, Hook. fil. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXIII, 170,

t. 26. A tall tree; young branches stout, lenticellate, rusty- puberulous,

Leaves 12 to 20 in. long, the rachis cylindric : leaflets 6 to 8 pairs, thinly

coriaceous, obliquely ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acute or shortly

acuminate; the base broad, rounded or sub-cordate, unequal; upper

surface shining, glabrous or glabrescent, the lower glabrescent and

reticulate, or (var. pubescens) shortly and softly pubescent; main

nerves 8 to 12 pairs, spreading, curving: length 3 to 5 in., breadth 1-2

to 2 in.; petiolule ‘1 to ‘2in. Muzz panicrzs as long as the leaves,

much branched, many-flowered, rusty-pubescent or tomentose. Flowers

‘25 in. in diam., on pedicels longer than themselves. Calyz rusty-

pubescent; its lobes unequal, triangular. Petals oblique, broadly ovate,

sub-glabrous, reflexed at the apex, longer than the calyx. Stamens about

as long as the petals; the anthers short, ovate, about one-third as long as

the filaments. Disc pubescent, 4-angled. Female flower not seen.

Fruit sub-globular, ‘5 in. in diam., the persistent remains of the style

15 in, long; accrescent calyx-wings narrowly oblong, blunt, 2°5 to 3

1896.] G. King—Muterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 4.93

in. long, veined, pubescent. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 30; Kurz For.

Flora Burma, I, 318; Engler in DC. Mon. Phan. IV, 309. Astronium

tasigne, March. Rev. Anacard., 179.

Andaman Islands. Penang: Curtis, No. 2264. Laugkani: Curtis,

No. 2806.—Distris. Burma, |

This species has not hitherto been supposed to go farther south

than Burma. But it appears to me that Mr. Curtis’s No. 2806 from

Langkani (an island off the coast a little to the southward of Burma)

is probably this species, and also that his No. 2264 from Penang like-

wise belongs to this.

Var. tomentosa, King: leaflets pubescent on the lower surface.

Panicles and calyz in all its stages densel¥ rusty-tomentose.

Andaman Islands: King’s Collectors.

2. PartsHid Marneayi, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind, IT, 30. A tree:

young branches stout, glabrous, sparsely lenticellate. Leaves 12 to 15 in.

long, the petioles slightly dilated at the base; leaflets very coriaceous,

9 to 10 pairs, narrowly oblong or elliptic-oblong, not oblique, the apex

acute, the edges sub-undulate, the base rounded or slightly cuneate ;

both surfaces shining and indistinctly reticulate, the upper quite glab-

rous, the lower slightly puberulous on the midrib and nerves; main

nerves 15 to 20 pairs, spreading, faint: length 2°5 to 3°5 in, breadth

1 to 1°25 in.; petiolules about ‘2 in, Panicles (fide Sir J. Hooker)

apparently shorter than the leaves, pubescent. Petals linear-oblong.

Dise pilose, young fruit narrowly ovoid, tapering to a long point, densely

rusty-tomentose ; the enlarged calyx-wings linear-oblong, sub-acute, pale,

puberulous, sub-coriaceous, striate, 4°5 in. long and about °5 in. broad.

Malacca: Maingay, No. 488.

Except Maingay’s, I have seen no specimens which I can refer to

this species. I have copied from the Fl. Br. Ind. Sir J. D. Hooker’s

description of the panicles and flowers, neither of these being repre-

sented in the Calcutta Herbarium. There is some doubt as to whether

the fruits and leaf specimens brought together by Maingay really

belong to the same tree; and not only so, but it is doubtful whether the

fruits of two species have not been mixed up by him. For Sir Joseph

Hooker notes that, while some of the fruits are densely covered with

hispid ferrugineous bristles and have accrescent calyx-wings 6 to 7

inches long with rounded apices, others are pubescent and have wings

only 4°5 in. long with acute tips, The species clearly requires investi-

tion in the field.

3. ParisHia pupescens, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 30. A lofty

tree: young branches stout, deciduously rusty-tomentose.° Leaves 12

to 18 in long; the petiole pubescent, terete above, dilated near the

J. u. 63

494 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (No. 3,

base ; leaflets 5 to 7 pairs, subsessile, thickly coriaceous, oblong, aente

or acuminate, the base rounded, upper surface glabrous except the

densely pubescent midrib; the lower shortly rusty-pubescent, retica-

late; main nerves 12 to 16 pairs, irregular, spreading and ascending,

curved, prominent on the lower surface when dry; length 45 to 5°5

in., breadth about 1°5 in.; petiolules very short (only *05 to ‘1 in.)

or absent. Panicle rather shorter than the leaves, divided to the base

into numerous fascicled branches, densely and softly tomentose.

Flowers ‘5 in. in diam., pedicelled. Ovary conical, pilose; styles 3 ?

Fruit broadly ovoid, apiculate, ‘5 in. long, densely tomentose, the peri-

carp cartilaginous; accrescent-calyx-wings thinly coriaceous, pale,

striate, adpressed-puberulous* or almost glabrous, narrowly oblong,

sub-acute, 4°5 to 5 in. long and about ‘5 in. broad. Engler in DC. Mon.

Phan. IV, 3 10.

Malacca: Maingay, No. 487.

A very imperfectly known species collected hitherto only by Main-

gay, and as much in want of investigation as the last.

9. CampnospeRMA, Thwaites.

Trees. Leaves alternate, very coriaceous, simple, quite entire.

Racemes axillary, simple or sparingly branched. Flowers sessile, minute,

hermaphrodite. Calyx 3-5-partite ; segments erect, persistent, imbricate.

Petals 3-6, suborbicular, erect, imbricate. Disc urceolar, Stamens 6-10,

inserted at the base of the disc. Ovary free, sessile, ovoid, l-celled ;

style very short, stigma discoid or capitate; ovule 1, pendulous from

the top of the cell. Drupe ovoid, fleshy ; stone hard, almost 2-celled by

a vertical plate from the top of the horse-shoe-shaped cell. Seed pendu-

lous, curved round the imperfect septum: cotyledons curved, rather flat ;

radicle short superior.— DISTRIB.

Male flowers sessile... Bee we 1. OQ. Grigithit.

Male flowers pedicelled.

Female flowers in short racemes; the males

in long panicles; fruit *6 in. in diam. .. 2. C. auriculata.

Male and female flowers in sub-equal panicles ;

fruit ‘2 to ‘25 in long aes .. 3. CG. Wallichit.

1. CAmpPNOSPERMA GRIFFITHII, Marchand Rey. Anacard. 174. A

tree 60 to 80 feet high; young branches very stout, rough and with

sparse minute tomentum. Leaves very coriaceous, oboyate-oblong or

elliptic, the apex very broad rounded or emarginate, the edges slightly

recurved when dry, the base much cuneate, slightly decurrent on the

broad stout channelled petiole: upper surface quite glabrous, the midrib

depressed; lower surface minutely stellate-pubescent, the midrib very

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 495

convex and strong; main nerves 24 to 36 pairs, spreading, only slightly

curved, projecting on the lower surface, depressed on the upper ; length

7 to 15 in., breadth 3°5 to 5°5 in.; petiole 1°25 to 2°5 in., tomentose,

dilated at the base. Panicles of male flowers axillary, slender, shorter

than the leaves, rusty stellate-tomentose ; the branches only a few inches

long, spreading, spicate, bearing the flowers in small crowded sessile

glomeruli. Flowers about ‘05 in. diam., sessile. Calyx thick, cupular,

eut into 4 broad sub-acute concave ovate-rotund segments, rusty-

tomentose outside. Petals 4, a little exceeding the calyx, thin, pale,

glabrous, elliptic-ovate, concave. Stamens 4 or 8 in two rows;

jilaments thickly subulate, anthers short; dise crenate, fleshy. Pamicle

of female flowers shorter and less brafched than that of the males.

Drupe ovoid, slightly oblique, glabrous, °35 in. long. C. macrophylla,

Hook. fil Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 41; Engler in DC. Mon. Phan. IV, 316;

Mig. Fi. Ind. Bat. I, pt. 2, p. 637.

Malacca: Griffith, No. 1109; Maingay, No. 484/2. Singapore:

T. Anderson, No. 71. Perak: Wray, No. 2575; King’s Collector,

No. 5327, 6528, 6541 and 7292.—Distris. Sumatra, Borneo, Bangka.

This species was first named as a Campnosperma by Marchand

in 1869, and he based his description of it on Griffith’s Malacca specimen

No. 1109. The plant had previously (1850) been named Buchanania

macrophylla by Blume in Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I, 185. Had Marchand

known this, he ought to have named it Campnosperma macrophylla

instead of C. Griffith. It is easily recognised by its sessile glomeru-

late flowers ; although its fruit closely resembles that of the plant which

is accepted as U, Griffithii both by Sir Joseph Hooker and by Dr.

Engler, but which is here named C. Wallichit.

2. CAMPNOSPERMA AURICULATA, Hook. fil. in Fl. Br, Ind. IT, 41.

A tall shrubby tree : young branches as thick as a swan’s quill, glabrous,

polished, lenticellate. Leaves thinly coriaceous, obovate-oblong or ob-

lanceolate-oblong, the apex rounded sometimes retuse or emarginate,

tapered gradually in the lower two-thirds and continued down the

petiole as a wing to its slightly auricled base ; both surfaces glabrous,

minutely reticulate; main nerves 9 to 18 pairs, oblique, not prominent on

either surface; length 4 to 9 in., breadth 1°75 to 3in.; petiole below the

auricles only ‘1 or*2in., glabrous. Pawzrcres or MALE FLOWERS lO to 14in.

long, axillary, covered with scurfy minute stellate rusty tomentum; the

branches slender and with numerous many-flowered branchlets. Flowers

pedicellate, ‘15 in. in diam. when expanded. Calyx cupular, puberulous

outside, with 4 broadly triangular segments. Petals 4, twice as long as

the calyx-teeth, elliptic, obtuse, deflexed. Stamens 8; four longer than

the others, spreading and longer than the petals, the other 4shorter. Dise

496 G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

large, fleshy, corrugated, ovary none. /'z4Le FLowERs in racemes shorter

than the panicles of the males and stouter. Flowers ‘15 in. in diam.,

on stout puberulous pedicels. Calyx thick, cupular, puberulous, with

4 broad triangular segments. Petals 4, broadly triangular, puberulons,

larger than the calyx-segments. Stamens 8, shorter than the petals,

the anthers imperfect. The disc a deep fleshy cup with crenate edges.

Ovary broadly ovoid, rusty-tomentose, crowned by the large discoid glab-

rous obscurely-lobed reflexed stigma. Drupe ovoid-rotund, compressed,

minutely tomentose, fleshy, ‘6 in. in diam, Engler in DC. Mon. Phan.

IV, 320. Buchanania auriculata, Blume in Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat, I,

185. Semecarpus ? grandifolia, Wall. Cat., No. 985 (exclude the speci-

mens mentioned in the Appendix to the Cat.).

Penang: Wallich, No. 985. Malacca: Maingay, No. 484/4, Singa-

pore; Kurz, Anderson, No, 69; Ridley, Nos. 444, 1880 and 4775 E.;

Hullett, No. 223. Penang: Curtis, No. 1037.

This is distinguished from the next species by its smaller leaves

and panicles and much larger fruit. It is the plant from Penang,

issued by Wallich as No. 985 of his Catalogue, which he doubtfully

referred to the genus Semecarpus, as S.? grandifolia. -Along with this

however Wallich issued, as noted in the Appendix to his lithographed

Catalogue, p. 286) under the same number, and not (as is usual with

Wallich’s plants in similar cases) distinguished by any letters, the

much larger (although in other respects similar) leaves of another

species. The specific name grandifolia is not applicable to the present

plant which is the true Buchanania auriculata of Blume (not however

of Miquel), although it is applicable to the supplementary sheets of

985, one of which, as issued by Wallich is 30 inches in length. I haye

followed Sir Joseph Hooker and Dr. Engler in retaining Blume’s specific

name auriculata for the present plant. But, for the supplementary

sheets, I do not propose to retain Wallich’s name of grandifolia (his

name having really been given to two things), but I propose for them the

name Campnosperma Wallichii. In this] do not follow the distingnished

Botanists just mentioned, for they call them C. Grifithii, Marchand.

But Marchand’s name, in my opinion, ought to be given to the plant on

which he founded that species, which (as he mentions in his Monograph)

was Griffith’s No. 1109. And this I do in spite of the fact that Griffith’s

No. 1109 is exactly what Blume named Buchanania macrophylla. There

is no doubt that, had Marchand known of Blume’s name, he ought to have

called his plant Campnosperma macrophylla. But as he did not, and as

he was the first to put the plant into the genus Campnosperma, his

name C. Grifithii must I think remain; and another name must be

found for what Sir Joseph Hooker and Dr. Engler name C. Grifjithii ;

1896.] G. King—Waterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 497

and that other name I propose to make C. Wallichii, in commemoration

of its earliest collector.

3. CampnospermA Watticuir, King. A tall much-branched tree :

young branches very stout, rough. Leaves coriaceous, the blade obovate-

oblong with broad rounded and sometimes emarginate apex, tapering

from about the middle downwards, forming a narrow wing to the

petiole and expanding at its base into a small auricle; both surfaces

glabrous and minutely reticulate; main nerves 20 to 30 pairs; length

10 to 30 in., breadth 4 to 7 in.; petiole 2 to 3 in. long, dilated, chan-

nelled, glabrous. P4nzcLEs OF MALE FLOWERS axillary, shorter than the

leaves, stellately rusty-tomentose, with slender much-branched sub-

erect many-flowered branchlets, Male flowers ‘1 in. in diam., pedicelled ;

calyx thick, puberulous outside, its segments 4, broadly triangular,

blant; petals 4, larger than the calyx segments, ovate-rotund, concave,

glabrous ; dise fleshy, corrugated: stamens 8 in two rows, the outer 4

slightly longer than theinner 4. PawrcLEs of FEMALE FLOWERS about the

same length as those of the male, but with shorter branches and fewer

flowers ; flowers larger than tlie males; ovary ovoid, puberulous; drupe

oyoid-globular, slightly compressed, glabrous, -2 to ‘25 in. long. O.

irifithiz, Hook. fil.in Fl Br. Ind. II, 41 (not of Marchand); Engler

DC. Mon. Phan. IV. Campnosperma auriculata, Miq. (not of Blume)

Fl. Ind. Bat. I, pt. 2, p. 637. Semecarpus ? grandifolia, Wall. Cat. 985

in part (i.e. as to the specimens mentioned on p. 286 of the Appendix

to the Catalogue.) ”

Penang: Porter, (Wall. Cat., 985). Malacca: Maingay, No. 464/3.

Singapore: Kurz, Goodenough.— Distris. Sumatra: Forbes, No. 3030.

This is in general appearance very like C. auriculata, The great

difference between the two lies in the fruit which in this is only about

‘2 in. long, while in WM. auriculata it is ‘6 in in diam. Other distinctions

are to be found in the leaves, which in this are larger than in C. auri-

culata. The texture and venation are, however, the same in both; and

both have curious small rounded auricles at the base of the petiole. The

panicles of male and female flowers in this species are sub-equal,

whereas in M. auriculata the panicles bearing male flowers are several

times longer than these bearing females.

10, Muicrostemon, Engler.

Trees, with alternate exstipulate unequally-pinnate leaves. Flowers

small, in axillary many-branched panicles, hermaphrodite. Calyx small

with 5 imbricate segments, Petals 5, much larger than the calyx,

obovate, spreading, imbricate in estivation. Disc annular, suberect,

10-toothed. Stamens 5, alternating with an equal number of capitellate

498 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

or spathiform staminodes: filaments very short, thickened towards the

base ; anthers broadly ovate, dorsifixed. Ovary ovoid-globose, its base

immersed in the disc, unilocular, with a single pendulous ovule. Style

terminal, very short, thick; the stigma broad, fleshy, with 3 broad

spreading, blunt lobes. Fruit obliquely oblong-ovoid, attenuate towards -

the apex ; the pericarp leathery, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed with mem-

branous testa, exalbuminous, the cotyledons flat, the radicle curved.—

Disrris. three species, all Malayan.

Leaflets tomentose on the lower surface .. Ll. M. velutina.

Leaflets glabrescent and minutely scurfy (when

dry) on the lower surface, the axils of the main

nerves with tufts of white hair ‘ .. 2. MM. Curtsn.

_ Ll. Microstemon vetutina, Engler in DC. Mon. Phan. IV, 294.

A tall tree: young branches, rachises and under surfaces and petioles

and rachises of leaves and the inflorescence softly pubescent-tomentose,

rusty-cinereous. Leaves 6 to 10 in. long, the petiole slender ; leaflets 7 to

11, thinly membranous, oblong-lanceolate, entire, shortly and bluntly

acuminate; the base slightly narrowed, cuneate or rounded: upper

surface glabrous except the pubescent midrib; main nerves 12 to 16

pairs, spreading, rather obscure ; length 2 to 4in., breadth ‘8 to 1°5 in;

petiolule ‘15 in., the terminal one longer. Panicles pedunculate, much

branched towards the apex, the branches very slender. Flowers numer-

ous, less than ‘1 in, in diam., sessile. Calyx glabrous, the lobes elliptic.

Petals obovate, glabrescent on the outer surface minutely tomentose on

the inner. Fruit narrowly oblong, compressed, with a rusty scurfy

leathery pericarp, l-celled, 1-seeded (young) °75 in. long and °35 or “4

in. broad. Pentaspadon ? velutinus, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 28.

Malacca: Griffith, Maingay (Kew Distrib.), No. 464. Perak:

Scortechini, No. 1924; King’s Collector, No. 7417. Pahang: Ridley,

No. 2560. é

2. Microstemon Cortisi1, King. A medium sized tree (Curtis) ;

young branches slender, deciduously puberulous, their bark pale and

lenticellate when dry. Leaves 5 to 7 in. long, the petiole and rachis

slender and puberulous; leaflets very dark when dry, abont 7, mem-

branous, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, entire, the base

rounded and slightly oblique, with scattered short hairs, the midrib and

nerves pubescent, not reticulate; lower surface glabrescent, minutely

scurfy when dry, the midrib and nerves puberulous ; main nerves 13

to 17 pairs, ascending, curved, with conspicuous tufts of white hair at

their junction with the midrib: length 1°75 to 3 in, breadth “75 to

‘9 in.; petiolules ‘1 in. the terminal one -2 in. Panicles near the

end of the branches, axillary, slender, slightly longer than the leaves,

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 499

pedunculate, puberulous ; the branches divergent, the flowers solitary

or in clusters of 2 to 4 at rather distant intervals. Flowers less than

‘1 in. in diam., on pedicels shorter than themselves. Calyx cupular,

with 5 spreading concave broadly-ovate acute segments, puberulous

outside, glabrous inside. Petals 5, broadly elliptic, very obtuse, twice

as long as the calyx, minutely pubescent on the inner surface, glabrescent

on the outer. Stamens 5, shorter than the petals, the filaments not

swollen at the base. Disc glabrous. Ovary conical, glabrous: stigma

minute. Drupe unknown.

Kedah: Curtis, No. 2620.

A species of which I have seen only Mr. Curtis’s specimen from

Kedah. It is readily distinguished from the preceding two by the tufts

of white hair in the axils of the main nerves on the under surface of the

leaflets, The stigma is very minute and it is not easy to make out the

three lobes which characterise the genus. The fowers have, however,

the staminodes and disc of the genus.

1J. Pernraspapon, Hook. f.

Trees. Leaves unequally pinnate ; leaflets opposite, sub-sessile, entire.

Panicles axillary, peduncled, much-branched, branchlets very slender.

Flowers pedicelled, minute, hermaphrodite. Calyx-lobes 5, imbricate.

Petals 5, oblong-obovate, strongly imbricate. Stamens 5, minute, inserted

at the base of the disc, alternate with 5 short subulate staminodes which

are free or adnate to the side of the disc; filaments short, broadly subulate ;

anthers didymous. Disc cupular, obscurely 10-lobed. Ovary seated on

the disc, very minute, 1-celled, contracted into a stout short style;

stigma globose or obliquely oblong, much bent to one side; ovule 1

pendulous from the upper part of the cavity.

1. PkrNTASPADON OFFICINALIS, Holmes MSS. -in Herb. Soc. Pharm.

Lond. A tree 60 to 100 feet high: young branches puberulous and

with prominent small brown warts. Leaves 4 to 7 in. long, the rachises

puberulous or glabrescent: leaflets 7 to 9, thinly coriaceous, oblong- or

elliptic-lanceolate, entire, shortly and bluntly acuminate, the base

narrowed, both surfaces glabrous: the lower with tufts of short hair in

some of the nerve axils, curving upwards; main nerves 6 to 9 pairs,

interarching far from the margin, rather prominent on the lower sur-

face when dry; length 1°75 to 2°75 in., breadth °8 to 1°25 in.; petiolules

-15 in.; those of the upper leaflets twice as long. Panicles pedunculate,

as long as or exceeding the leaves, much branched towards the apex;

the branchlets slender, minutely cinereous-tomentose, Flowers numer-

ous, about 05 in. in diam., their pedicels shorter than themselves. Calyz-

lobes rounded. Petals obovate-rotund, glabrous. Drupe narrowly ellip-

500 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

tic, compressed ; the pericarp fleshy, pale and covered with rusty seurf,

1-celled, 1-seeded, 65 to °8 in. long.

Perak: King’s Collector, Nos. 3315, 3770, 4868, 6549, 6933: Scor-

techini, No. 2043; Wray, No. 4168.

This plant is known to the Malay population of Perak as the source

of Minyak Plang, a dark brown viscid oil which is in great repute for the

cure of certain skin diseases. An interesting note upon the plant and

its oil by Mr. E. M. Holmes of the Pharnfaceutical Society of London

is to be found in the Journal and Transactions of that Society, Vol.

LII, p. 389. The stigma in this species, prior to dissection, appears to

be sub-globular with a central groove; and it is only after careful

maniputation that it is seen to be bent on itself. Some specimens of

this were by mistake issued from the Calcutta Herbarium under the

name Microstemon officinale, Holmes.

12. Ruts, Linn.

Trees or shrubs, often with an acrid juice. Leaves alternate, simple

or 1-3 foliolate or pinnate ; leaflets entire or serrate. Flowers small, in

terminal and axillary panicles, polygamous. Calyx small, 4-6-parted,

persistent ; the segments unequal or equal, imbricate. Petals 4-6, equal,

spreading, imbricate. Stamens 4, 5, 6, or 10, inserted at the base of the

disc, free; filaments subulate ; anthers short, imperfect in the 9 flower,

Ovary sessile, ovoid or globose, l-celled: styles 3, free or curved, short

or long; stigmas simple or capitate; ovule pendulous from a basal

funicle. Drupe small, dry, compressed ; stone coriaceous, crustaceous

or bony. Seed pendulous from the funicle, testa membranous, coty-

ledons flattish ; radicle hooked, short, superior.—Distris: about 114

species, mostly extra-tropical in both hemispheres, a few Malayan, many

from tropical Africa. :

Ruvus Psrakensis, Scortechini MSS. A glabrous shrub climbing

to the extent of 15 to 40 feet. Leaves 8 to 12 in. long, unequally pin-

nate ; leaflets in rather distant pairs, opposite, thinly coriaceous, oblong,

shortly and bluntly acuminate, entire; the base slightly oblique,

rounded or sub-cuneate; main nerves 16 to 20 pairs, sub-horizontal,

rather prominent on the lower surface; length 2°5 to 3°5 in., breadth

1 to 1:4 in.; petiolules -1 to 15 in., the terminal one *3 or ‘4 in.

Panicles axillary and terminal, longer than the leaves, pedunculate, the

branches rather short, bearing the flowers on small ultimate racemes.

Flowers numerous, less than ‘1 in. in diam., on short minutely bracteo-

lulate pedicels. Calyx with 5 unequal oblong blunt spreading segments.

Petals longer than the calyx, elliptic, blunt, pinnately nerved. Stamens

5; anthers broadly ovate, dorsifixed. Drupe compressed, obliquely reni-

form, orbicular, broader than long, glabrous, ‘2 in. across.

1896.| G.. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 501

Perak: Scortechini, No. 1668; Wray, Nos. 2816, 3095; King’s

Collector, Nos. 3626, 4896, 5046, 6537, and 6807.

The nearest ally of this is probably M. succedanea, ie than which

it, however, has much larger panicles and smaller more itor drupes.

It has moreover differently veined petals, and the leaflets are less nar-

rowed to the base. - It differs, however, not only from that, but from

every other Indian or Malayan species in being scandent. Of the scan-

dent habit there appears to be no doubt whatever, for the fact is noted

_ on almost every specimen in the Calcutta Herbarium.

13. Optya, Roxb.

Trees with few stout branches. Leaves few at the ends of the

branches, alternate, unequally-pinnate, deciduous ; leaflets opposite, quite

entire. Racemes simple and panicled, terminal, fascicled. Flowers

small, moncecious or dicecious, fascicled, shortly pedicelled. Calyx 4-5-

lobed, persistent; Jobes rounded, imbricate. Petals 4-5, imbricate. Dise

arnular, 4-5-lobed. Mare rrower Stamens 8-10, inserted within the

dise. Ovary 4—5-parted. Fxuatz rroweEr Ovary sessile, oblong, l-celled ;

styles 3—4, stout, stigmas simple or capitellate; ovule pendutous toon

near the top of the cell. Drupe small, compressed, oblong, sub-reniform,

crowned by the distant styles; stone hard. Seed compressed ; embryo

curved, cotyledons flat fleshy, radicle superior.— Distris. About 12

species, mostly African.

OpinA Wopier, Roxb. FI. Ind. IT, 293. A small deciduous tree 20

to 40 feet high: young branches thick, puberulous at first, soon becoming

glabrous. Leaves 12 to 18 in. long ; leaflets 3 or 4: pairs, obliquely ovate,

acuminate ; the base rounded or sub-cuneate, unequal; the edges en-

tire; length 3 to 6 in.; the petiolules ‘15 in. long. Male racemes com-

pound, the female simple, puberulous. Fluwers crowded in cymose

fascicles on the racemes or panicles, bracts ciliate. Sepals obtuse.

Petals twice as long as the sepals, oblong, spreading. Stamens in the

male equalling the petals.— Drupe about ‘5 in. long, red. W.and A.

Prodr. I, 171; Thwaites Enum. 78; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 42; Wt. Ic.

t. 60; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 123; Wall. Cat. 8475; Royle Ill. t. 31; ‘Dalz.

and Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 51; Brandis For. Flor. 123; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat.

Vol ¥, Pt. 2, p. 622; Hook. fl. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 29; Kurz For. Flora

Burm. I, 321 ; Engler in DC. Mon. Phan. IV, 267.

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Penang: (probably planted.)

_—Disreis. British India.

J. 1. 64

502 G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (No. 3,

14. MubLanocnyna, Hook. f,

Trees. Leaves simple, very coriaceous, exstipulate, quite entire.

Panicles branched, axillary and terminal. lowers small, unisexual.

Calyzx-tube persistent, slightly enlarged in frnit and adnate to the very

base of the drupe, cupular or campanulate, lobes 5, erect. Petals 5,

inserted on the edge of the disc; very coriaceous, persistent, erect or

sub-erect, villous in front, valvate. Disc lining the calyx-tube. Stamens

inserted on the edge of the disc; filaments stout, sometimes coherent at

the base with the petals, villous ; anthers oblong. Ovary globose, 1-

celled; style short, stigmas 3; ovule 1, pendulous from near the top or

from the side of the cell, Drupe globose, areolate at the base by the

enlarged calyx, flesh full of black varnish; stone thick, hard. Seed

oblong, testa thin; cotyledons amygdaloid, radicle superior.— DISTRIB.

Malayan Peninsula and Archipelago: about 12 species.

Leaves more or less hairy on the lower surface.

Leaves elliptic-oblong.

The whole of the under-surface of the leaves

rusty-tomentose, panicles condensed ... Ll. WM. densiflora.

Petioles midrib and main nerves on the

under surface of the leaves rusty-tomentose,

panicles lax ae “ee . 2. M. tomentosa.

Leaves oblong- poilemecolate or narrowly Ate

oblong.

Lower surface of the leaves glaucescent, the

midrib and main nerves with adpressed

brown hairs, leaves 2°75 to 5 in. long .. oo MM. Kumstleri.

Lower surfaces of the leaves slightly pubes-

cent, leaves 5 to 8 in. long a we 4. MM. Maingayz.

Leaves glabrous on both surfaces.

Leaves much elongate, narrowly oblong, their

bases cordate or auriculate, sessile or with very

short petioles.

Drupes vertically ridged . oh .. O. M. auriculata.

. Drupes very rugose, not ridged 6. M. rugosa.

Tienes oblong-lanceolate, oblong-elliptic or ob

long-oblanceolate, with distinct slender petioles.

Inflorescence densely crowded and with large

prominent bracts... . 7. M. bracteata.

Inflorescence more or less rear anienie ss

not bracteate.

Young branches and panicles covered with

a thin felted layer of minute tomentum,

flowers less than ‘1 in. long ,,. ow. 8. M. angustifolia.

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 503

Young branches glabrous, panicles pubes-

cent-tomentose (not felted), flowers more

than ‘lin. long ... oe 2 Day ME aide

1. Metanocayna prnsirnora, King n. sp. <A tree 60 to 100 feet

high: young branches stout, covered with short rusty deciduous tomen-

tum. Leaves very coriaceous, oblong-elliptic, sometimes slightly obovate,

subacute, somewhat narrowed to the rounded slightly unequal base ;

upper surface glabrous, not reticulate, the midrib and nerves slightly

depressed when dry ; lower surface densely and minutely rusty-tomen-

tose, the midrib very prominent as are the 20 to 25 pairs of strong sub-

horizontal main nerves ; length 6 to 86 in., breadth 2°5 to 3'5 in.; petiole

‘65 to 1 in., thickened and channelled near the base. Panicle terminal,

condensed, shorter than the leaves, branched from the base, every-

where rusty-tomentose ; branches numerous, the branchlets racemulose

and bearing the flowers in ultimate sub-sessile crowded cymules.

Mute Flowers ‘2 in, long, sessile; buds ovoid, gibbous near the base.

Calyz fleshy, campanulate, rusty-tomentose externally with 5 triangular

sub-acute sub-erect segments. Petals 5, twice as long as the calyx-teeth,

erect, thick, elliptic, obtuse, tomentose along the midrib externally, the

edges glabrous, but with a tuft of coarse hairs along the lower part of

the midrib. Stqmens 5, shorter than the petals, anthers elliptic; filaments

compressed, densely villous in front, about as long as the anthers; dise

small, slightly convex, villous in the middle ; ovary 0. FEMmazE FLOWERS

and drupe unknown.

Perak: King’s Collector, Nos. 5615 and 5626.

> A species allied to M. tomentosa, Hook. fil. ; but at once distinguished

from that by its denser panicles, larger and more numerous flowers.

This is also much more hairy on the under surface of the leaves than M.

tomentosa. Female flowers and fruit are still unknown.

2. MeLaNocHyLa ‘romentosA, Hook. fil. FJ. Br. Ind. II, 38 A

tree: young branches rather slender, densely rufous-tomentose. Leaves

coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, sometimes slightly obovate, shortly and

sharply acuminate, the base rounded but slightly narrowed ; upper

surface quite glabrous except the pubescent base of the midrib ; lower

surface reticulate, glabrescent, pale when dry, the midrib and nerves

more or less rufous-pubescent like the petiole : main nerves 20 to 30 pairs,

spreading, prominent on the lower surface ; length 6°5 to 14in,, breadth

2-75 to 4 in. ; petiole 35 in., stout, rufous-pubescent. Panicles terminal,

about as long as the leaves, the main axis rufous-tomentose ; the branches

slender, distant, sub-erect, puberulous, spike-like, bearing the flowers in

distant sub-sessile cymules. Mazz rrowers about 1] in. in diam. Calyzx

with 5 deep unequal ovate concave segments, puberulous externally.

504 G. King—Malerials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (No. 8,

Petals 5, thick, oblong, obtuse, longer than the calyx, pubescent ontside,

villous inside. Stamens nearly as long as the petals, the filaments stont,-

Fruaze rrowrr not seen. Drupe elliptic to sub-globose, ferruginous-

pubescent, orange-yellow when ripe, 1 to 1°5 in. in length. Hook. fil. Ie.

Plant. t. 1292, 1293; Engler in DC. Mon. Phan. IV, 470.

Malacca: Maingay, No. 1428.—Distriz. Jaya (fide Engler) :

Zollinger, No. 800.

3. Menanocnyta Kunstieri, King n. sp. A tree 80 to 100 feet

high : young branches as thick as a quill, lenticellate and with deciduous

sparse rusty pubescence. Leaves very coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, some-

times oblanceolate-oblong, tapering to each end, shortly acuminate; the

edges with a shining cartilaginous thickening, slightly recurved when

dry ; upper surface glabrous, shining, not reticulate, the midib promi-

nent; lower surface paler, glaucescent, the midrib and 18 to 20 pairs of

prominent spreading main nerves with adpressed brown hairs; length

2-75 to 5 in., breadth 1 to 1:5 in, ; petiole ‘35 in., slightly seurfy. Pani-

cles terminal, twice as long as the leaves, minutely rusty-tomentose,

with numerous short spreading racemose branches. Mazz rrownrs ‘le

in. long, on pedicels shorter than themselves. Calyx coriaceous, minutely

tomentose outside, cupular, deeply divided into 5 broadly-oyate acute

slightly-spreading segments. Petals 5, thrice as long as the calyx-

segments, narrowly elliptic, blunt, pubescent on the outer surface,

densely villous on the inner surface, the margins only glabrous.

Stamens 5, much shorter than the petals; the anther narrowly ovate,

the filament subulate, slightly villous. Ovary 0, Fxrwarte rLowers and

drupe unknown.

Perak: King’s Collector, No. 6810.

The nearest ally of this is M. Maingayi, from which, however, this

may be distinguished by the smaller leaves more shining on the upper

surface, and by the adpressed brown hairs on the under surface of the

midrib and nerves.

4, Menanocuyta Maineayt, Hook. fil. Fi. Br. Ind. II, 39. A tree :

young branches slender, scurfy-puberulous. Leaves very coriaceous,

oblong-oblanceolate or narrowly elliptic-oblong, abruptly and shortly

acuminate, tapering in the lower two-thirds to the short channelled

petiole ; upper surface glabrous, faintly reticulate, shining, the midrib

very prominent; lower surface slightly pubescent; main neryes 18 to

24 pairs, spreading, prominent on the lower surface, only slightly so on

the upper: length 5 to 8 in., breadth 1°75 to 2:25 in.; petiole *5 or °6 in,

Panicle terminal, longer than the leaves, rusty-tomentose ; the branches

spreading, rather short; the ultimate branchlets cymose, about 3-

flowered, Mazz rrowzrs about ‘] in, in diam., on short stout pedicels,

1896.] G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 505

Calyx with 5 ovate acute segments; rusty-tomentose. Petals several

times longer than the calyx-segments, elliptic, obtuse, externally ad-

pressed, rusty-tomentose but with broad glabrous edges. Mzm4LE FLOWERS

twice as large as the male; the calyw sub-urceolate; ovary globose,

hairy. Drupe unknown. Kingler in DC. Mon. Phan. IV, 471.

Malacca: Maingay, No. 490.

5. Menanocayta auricunatTa, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 39. A tall

tree ; young branches very stout, glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, sessile

or nearly so, oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, shortly and rather abruptly

acuminate, the edges subundulate, tapering from the middle to the

narrow auriculate base; both surfaces glabrous and shining, the upper

drying of an oiivaceous brown, very faintly reticulate, the lower liver-

coloured and with the reticulations more distinct ; main nerves about

30 pairs, thin but distinct on both surfaces, sub-horizontal; length 12

to 18 in., breadth 3°5 to 4°75 in ; petiole when present very stout, broad,

less than ‘5 in. long, often adnate to the branch. Mazz panrctes axillary,

shorter than the leaves, puberulous; the branches short, lax, cymose,

2- to 3-flowered. Flowers °3 in. long, on stout pedicels about as long as

themselves. Calyx campanulate, coriaceous, minutely tomentose outside,

deeply cut into 5 broadly-ovate sub-acute segments. Petals 5, longer

than the calyx-segments, elliptic, obtuse, externally adpressed-pubes-

cent, but with the edges glabrous, internally minutely pubescent and

with a large villous tuft in the lower half. Stamens 5, shorter than the

petals, with small anthers and pubescent filaments, FrmAze FLOWERS not

seen. Drupe oblong, obtuse or depressed-globose, rusty-tomentose,

«when ripe 1°26 to 15 in. long, vertically ribbed, stone very thick.

Engler in DC. Mon. Phan. IV, 470.

Malacca: Maingay, No. 491; Derry, No. 1189. Singapore: Ridley,

Nos. 3588, 3975.

6. MenanocuyntA ruGosa, King n. sp. <A large tree: young

branches as thick as a goose-quill, tawny-pubescent with long pale

flexuose hairs intermixed.- Leaves coriaceous, narrowly oblong, some-

times almost oblanceolate, shortly and sharply caudate-acuminate,

tapering very gradually to the cordate sub-auriculate base: upper sur-

face smooth, shining, and quite glabrous; the lower dull, pale, and dis-

tinetly reticulate, glabrous except a few scattered stiff hairs near the

base of the stout grooved midrib; main nerves 25 to 30 pairs, spread-

ing, curving upwards and iuterarching at the apices; length 7 to 15

in., breadth 1°6 to 3:25 in.; petiole ‘35 to °5 in., very stout, dilated, pu-

bescent like the young branches. Maze Panrcnes not seen. Female

panicles terminal, about half as long as the leaves, stout, rusty-pubescent,

with a few distant short branches. Hz£u4LE FLOWERS ‘3 in, In diam.,

‘

;

506 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

depressed-hemispheric, sessile. Calyx coriaceous, tomentose outside,

divided into 5 orbicular-ovate acuminate concave conniving segments.

Petals 5, not much exceeding the ‘calyx, coriaceous, broadly triangular,

minutely pubescent, with a small villous patch at the base in front,

Stamens rudimentary. Ovary broadly conical, rusty-tomentose; the

style terminal, glabrescent, shorter than the ovary ; stigma capitate, 3-

lobed. Drupe globular-ovoid, very rugulose, rufous-tomentose, *75 to 1

in. long and °65 to ’9 in. in diam. (probably not quite mature).

Perak, at Tapu: Wray, No. i301.

A species with leaves somewhat like those of M. auriculata, but

smaller: collected only once.

7. MeLanocHyLa BRacTeatA, King n. sp. <A tree 50 to 80 feet high:

ycung branches slender, glabrous, with pale lenticellate bark, Leaves

coriaceous, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, tapering to each end, the apex

caudate-acuminate, the base narrowly cuneate ; both surfaces glabrous :

the upper shining; the lower dull, paler than the upper, glaucescent ;

main neryes 10 to 12 pairs, slender, faint, curving upwards: length 4 to

6 in., breadth 1 to 1°6 in. ; petiole °5 to ‘75 in., thickened in the lower

half. Maze rrownrs °25 in, long, crowded in small sub-sessile cymules on

axillary or terminal rusty-pubescent congested racemes or few-branched

panicles as long as or longer than the leaves; bracts at the bases both

of the cymules and of the individual flowers, ovate, acuminate, concave,

rusty-pubescent like the calyx and petals, and as Jarge as the flowers.

Calyx campanulate, with 5 ovate acute segments. Pefals 5, longer than

the segments of the calyx, lanceolate, acuminate, with a dense villous

tuft on the lower half of the anterior surface Stamens 5, shorter.

than the petals; the anthers linear, glabrous ; the filaments thick, com- ~

pressed and densely villous from base to apex. Disc lining the inflated

tube of the calyx, ovary none. Fruv4aLE FLOWERS notseen. Drupe ovoid or

ovoid-globular, minutely tomentose, about *75 in. in length, the pericarp

with a thick black juice.

Perak: King’s Collector, Nos. 5549 and -7303.

A very distinct species distinguished by the small size of its leayes

and by its congested bracteate inflorescence.

8. MerLanocayLA ANGUSTIFOLIA, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind, II, 39. A

tree: young branches slender, covered with a thin close layer of very

minute tomentum, eaves coriaceous, oblong or oblanceolate-oblong,

shortly acuminate, the edges slightly undulate, the base cuneate,

sometimes unequal, both surfaces glabrous, the lower reticulate : main

nerves 12 to 16 pairs, spreading, prominent like the midrib on the

lower surface, less so on the upper, length 4°5 to 10 in., breadth 1:5 to

4 in.; petiole ‘75 to 1:5 in; dilated and channeiled near the base.

5 es ey Se:

1896.] G. Kinge—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 507

PANICLES OF MALE FLOWERS axillary or terminal, as long as or much longer

than the leaves, very slender, with many spreading branches, every-

where minutely tomentose like the young branches. Maze Flowers in

lateral cymules from the branchlets, sub-sessile, less than ‘1 in. long ;

calyx tubular-campanulate, the lobes erect, oblong-triangular, sub-acute,

rusty-tomentose externally ; petals oblong, sub-acute, much longer than

the calyx, adpressed-pubescent outside, villous in the lower half inside ;

stamens shorter than the petals, the anthers small, elliptic; the filaments

subulate, villous, ovary none. PANICLES OF FEMALE FLOWERS shorter than

the males: female flowers not seen. Drupe globose, apiculate, minutely

tomentose like the panicle, °5 to °75 in. in diam. Engler in DC, Mon.

Phan. IV, 469.

Malacca: Maingay, No. 492. Perak: King’s Collector, No. 3359.

9. MeLanocHyLa nitipA, King n. sp. A tree; young branches

rather slender, angled and dark-coloured when dry. Leaves very coria-

ceous, oblong-elliptic or oblanceolate-oblong, shortly bluntly and rather

abruptly acuminate, narrowed from the middle or below it to the long

plano-convex stout petiole; both surfaces quite glabrous; the upper

shining and not reticulate ; the lower paler, dull, with the wide reticu-

lations slightly prominent ; main nerves 12 to 16 pairs, slightly promi-

nent on both surfaces when dry, spreading and curving upwards:

length 4 to 11 in., breadth 2°25 to 3°25 in.; petiole 1 to 2 in., thickened

in the lower half or third. Panicles terminal, minutely tomentose, but not

felted, slightly longer than the leaves; the branches few, scattered, ascend-

ing, having few spicate short branchlets bearing the flowers in ultimate

sessile cymules. Mazz Frowzrs more than ‘] in. long, sessile, crowded ;

calyz coriaceous, campanulate, deeply cut into 5 broadly-triangular

acute sub-erect concave segments, tomentose outside: petals 5, triangu-

lar-oblong, thick, longer than the calyx-teeth, adpressed-pubescent ex-

ternally but with broad glabrous edges; internally glabrous but with

a large tuft of coarse hair on the middle of the lower half: stamens 5,

shorter thaa the petals, the filaments densely villous; disc small, vil-

lous in the middle ; ovary none. FEMALE FLOWERS ‘2 in. long, on short

pedicels ; stamens present but apparently without pollen; ovary filling

the whole fundus of the flower, hemispheric, densely rusty-tomentose,

tapering into a short stout conical hairy style; stigma sub-capitate.

Drupe unknown.

Perak: Scortechini, No. 2037; Wray. Penang: Curtis, No. 1496.

Perak: King’s Collectors, No. 6722.

The nearest ally of this is M. angustifolia which has, however, its

young branches and panicles covered with a thin felted layer of minute

tomentum; whereas, in this plant, the young branches are glabrous

508 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

and the panicle is pubescent-tomentose not felted. The flowers of this

moreover are larger than those of M. angustifolia, the main nerves are

more oblique, and the reticulations wider and less distinct.

15. Semecarpous, Linn. f.

Trees, Leaves alternate, simple, quite entire, coriaceous. Flowers

small, polygamous or dicecious, in terminal or axillary panicles. Calyx

5-6-fid, segments deciduous. Petals 5-6, imbricate. Disc broad, an-

nular. Stamens 5-6, inserted at the base of the disc, imperfect in the

@ flowers. Ovary 1-celled ; styles 3; ovule pendulous from a basal funi-

cle. Drupe fleshy, oblong or sub-globose, oblique, seated on a fieshy

receptacle formed of the thickened disc and calyx base ; pericarp loaded

with acrid resin. Seed pendulous, testa coriaceous, inner coat somewhat

fleshy ; embryo thick, cotyledons plano-convex, radicle superior.— Dis-

rris. About 40 species, tropical Asiatic and Australian.

Leaves densely rusty-pubescent on the lower sur-

face ae 4 ri ... 1. §. velutina.

Leaves with the lower suvpate densely clothed with

pale very minute scales... : -- 2 WS. Curtisit.

Leaves at first puberulous on the ower surface but

ultimately glabrous.

Panicles tomentose; flowers glabrous, sessile ;

leaves oblanceolate-oblong, with 20 to 26 pairs

Ol MII «oon 500 oe . oo} 8, Kure.

Panicles puberulous, flowers pedicelled; leaves

broadly elliptic, with 10 to 15 pairs of nerves ... 4. S. lucens.

Leaves quite glabrous; panicles glabrous in the :

lower part, pubescent towards the extremities;

flowers subsessile, the calyx puberulous: leaves

oblanceolate-oblong, with 18 to 24 pairs of main

nerves are ae Ae ». 5. SS, Praini.

1. SwumEcaRpus vELuTINA, King n. sp. A dicecious tree 50 to 60

feet high: young branches softly rufous-pubescent, the bark pale.

Leaves thickly coriaceous, obovate-elliptic or oblanceolate, rarely elliptic,

shortly and abruptly acuminate, the edges sub-undulate, narrowed from

the middle or above it to the stout petiole; upper surface glabrous

except the slightly-pubescent depressed midiib, shining and minntely

reticulate ; the lower surface densely and softly pubescent, the trans-

verse veins and the reticulations distinct ; main nerves 20 to 24 pairs,

slightly depressed on the upper surface, very prominent on the lower,

spreading and interarching near the edge; length 6 to 15 in., breadth

25 to 5 in.; petiole ‘5 to 1:25 in. Panicles of flowers of both sexes

ass

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 509

terminal, stoutly pedunculate, rusty-tomentose, those with female flowers

longer than the leaves, those with males shorter; the brauches of both

short, ascending, those of the male more numerous. Mure rrowers ‘1

in. in diam., much crowded in short sub-globular sessile cymose

fascicles; calyx cupular, flat, with 5 spreading broad triangular acute

teeth, pubescent outside; petals 5, longer than the sepals, broadly

elliptic, acute, glabrescent. Stamens 5, the filaments longer than the

petals; disc broad, convex, fleshy, hairy in the middle; ovary none.

Fereuare FLOWERS less numerous than the males and twice as large:

calyx rusty-tomentose and petals pubescent outside; petals acute.

Stamens with very small anthers. Ovary obliquely hemispherical,

slightly compressed, densely rusty-tomentose: styles 3, short, horizon-

tally radiating, pubescent; stigmas truncate. Drupe transversely oblong,

*35 in. from base to apex and ‘6 in. from side to side, compressed,

sparsely tomentose, the enlarged peduncle about one-third of its length,

thin, cup-shaped, sparsely pubescent.

Perak: King’s Collector, Nos. 7439, 7622 and 7655.

Allied to §. Anacardium, Linn. fil., but well distinct from that and

from any other hitherto described species.

2. Semecarpus Curtis, King n. sp, A small tree: young

branckes stout, their bark pale. Leaves coriaceous, oblanceolate-oblong,

shortly and bluntly acuminate, the edges slightly undulate, gradually

narrowed from the upper third to the stout petiole, upper surface

shining, greenish when dry, reticulate ; the lower dull, pale from very

minute scales; main nerves 18 to 20 in., spreading and interarching

within the pale cartilaginous edge, very prominent and pale on the-

lower surface, faint on the upper; length 13 to 16 in, breadth 4 to 5

in,; petiole 1°5 to 2in., very stout. Panicles much shorter than the

leaves, branching from near the base; the branches ascending, angled,

tawny-puberulons, the ultimate branchlets cymose. lowers. unisexual

and the sexes on different panicles, shortly pedicelled. Marn Flowers

"15 in. in diam.; calyx cupular, with 5 ovate sub-acute spreading

segments, minutely tomentose externally: petals 9, spreading, much

longer than the calyx, elliptic, obtuse, minutely tomentose on the

outer, glabrescent on the inner surface ; stamens 5, longer than the

petals, the anthers small, the filaments narrow, compressed ; dsc sub-

convex, pubescent ; ovary 0. FEMALE FLOWERS larger than the male ;

stamens rudimentary ; ovary obliquely globose-ovoid, compressed, densely

tomentose ; styles 3, radiating, horizontal or depressed, glabrous, bifid at

_theapex. Drupe unknown.

Tongka: Curtis, No. 2930.

A very distinct and handsome species ; readily recognised amongst

J. 11, 60

510 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

the Malayan species by its large leaves which are very pale glaueescent

beneath : collected hitherto ouly by Mr. C. Curtis, of the Forest Depart-

ment, Penang. :

3. Semucarrus Kurzu, Engl. in DC. Mon. Phan. IV, 489. A

small tree: young branches stout, rough and lenticellate, covered with

deciduous dense minute rusty tomentum. Leaves coriaceous, oblauced-

late-oblong, suddenly and very shortly acuminate, gradually narrowed im

the lower three-fourths to the short stout dilated petiole, the edges sub-

undulate: both surfaces minutely reticulate ; the upper glabrous, shining,

olivaceous when dry ; the lower pale brown when dry and not shining,

glaucescent, sparsely covered with short stiff deciduous hairs ; main

nerves 20 to 26 pairs, spreading, slightly ascending, interarching near

the edge, prominent on the lower surface rather faint on the upper;

length 12 to 24in., breadth 3 to 4°25 in.; petiole stout, dilated, chan-

nelled, ‘6 to 1 in. long. Panicle terminal, longer than the leaves, the

main rachis stout; the branches slender, ascending, lax, the ultimate

branchlets spicate, everywhere tomentose, Flowers sessile, *1 im. in

diam. Calyx cupular, thick, with 5 shallow spreading orbicular teeth,

sub-ciliate at the edges, otherwise glabrous. Petals 5, much longer than

the calyx, broadly elliptic, sub-acute, glabrous externally, puberulous

internally. Stamens 5, shorter than the petals; the filaments flattened,

puberulous. Disc convex, glabrous; rudimentary ovary pilose. Drepe

ebhquely ovoid, sub-compressed, keeled, glabrous, 1 in. long, and about

as much across the swollen peduncle, deciduously pubescent, obconiec,

about ‘5 in. long. S. heterophyllus, Kurz (not of Blume) in Journ. As.

Soc. Beng. Vol. XLV, Pt 2, (1876) p. 126; For. Flora Burma, I, 312,

Nicobar Islands: Jelinek, No. 210; Kurz; King’s Collector. Bati

Malv, Dr. Prain.

Distinguished by its long lax tomentose panicle and glabrous sessile

flowers. Dr. Praiu’s specimens from the little-known island of Bati

Malv are in ripe fruit and have no flowers, but I have no hesitation

in referring them to this species.

4. SEMECARPUS LUCENS, King n. sp. <A tree 40 to 70 feet high;

young branches rather slender, with pale glabrous bark. Leaves

coriaceous, broadly elliptic, rarely sub-ovate-elliptic, the apex obtuse

and rounded or very shortly and abruptly acuminate ; the edges with

a shining pale margin, sub-undulate, the base cuneate and slightly

oblique ; upper surface glabrous and shining, greenish when dry, reticn-

late; lower surface pale brown when dry, uot shining, conspicuously

reticulate, the nerves and reticulations broad and shining, sparsely

shortly and deciduously puberulous ; main nerves 10 to 15 pairs, stout,

shining, broad and conspicuous on the lower surface, thin and only

1896.] G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 511

slightly prominent on the upper, spreading, interarching near the edge:

length 4 to 7°5 in., breadth 2 to 3:25 in.; petiole ‘75 to 15 or even 2

in., thickened near the base. Panicles usually terminal, pedunculate,

longer than the leaves, puberulous; the branches slender, long, lax,

sub-erect; the branchlets short and bearing the flowers in rather

crowded ultimate fascicles. Flowers ‘15 in. in diam., on pedicels shorter

than themselves. Mazz rrownrs; calyx cupular, flat, with 5 ovate acute

spreading teeth, glabrous; petals 5, ovate-lanceolate, acute, several

times longer than the calyx, glabrous: stwmens 5, shorter than the

petals; the cells of the anthers divergent, the filaments flattened; dise

fleshy, flat, with a small concave pit, puberulous. FEI4LE FLOWERS on

smaller fewer-flowered panicles; the flowers themselves larger than

the males; calyx as in the male; petals broader and more fleshy.

Stamens 5, short and rudimentary, each rising from one of the angles

of the cupular fleshy 5-angled glabrous dise. Ovary tomentose, conical,

slightly oblique, its base surrounded by the dise. Styles 3, horizontal

or depressed, radiating. Drupe (young) obliquely ovoid, compressed,

the enlarged peduncle about a third of its length, rusty-puberulous.

Perak: King’s Collector, Nos, 5256, 5377, 5444, 5470, 6895.

5- SeEMECARPUS Prarnil, King n. sp, A tree 40 to 50 feet high ;

young branches rather stout, deciduously puberulous. Leaves oblong-

oblanceolate to obovate-oblong, shortly and abruptly acuminate, the

edges slightly undulate, gradually narrowed from the upper third

to the rather short petiole; both surfaces glabrous and minutely

though distinctly reticulate, the upper pale-greenish when dry, the lower

pale brown ; main nerves 18 to 24 pairs, prominent on the lower sur-

face, slightly so on the upper, the lower pairs sub-horizontal, the upper

spreading and curving upwards; length 5 to 10 in., breadth 1°5 to 3°25

in.; petiole 5 to ‘8 in. Panicle terminal, pedunculate, glabrous below,

pubescent towards the extremities, longer than the leaves; the branches

numerous, slender, with many branchlets, the ultimate branchlets

cymulose. Flowers rather crowded, almost sessile, globular in bud,

about *] in. in diam. when expanded. Calyx cupular, puberulous, rather

coriaceous, with 5 broadly-ovate obtuse ciliate spreading segments.

Petals 5, imbricate, longer than the calyx, glabrous, broadly ovate, acute,

Stamens 5, shorter than the petals. Disc fleshy, convex, dark-coloured,

with a tuft of hairs in the middle; ovary in the male flower absent.

Drupe Sbliquely obovoid, compressed, glabrous, about *5 in. long and “69

in. broad; the enlarged peduncle obconic, ‘35 in. long, glabrous. S.

heterophyllus, Hook. fil, (not of Blume) Hook, fil. FJ. Br, Ind. IT, 30.

Barren and Little Cocos Islands; Prain. Andamans: Prain, King’s

Collectors. Perak: King’s Collector, No. 7442 Andamans: Helfer,

No. 1131.

512 G. King—Materiuls for a Vlora of the Malayan Peninsula. {No. 3,

There is a large suite of specimens of this species in the Caleutta

Herbarium (twelve gatherings from the Andamans alone). I1 have

dissected flowers of every one of these which is in flower, and I find that

they all agree perfectly with each other. They also agree absolutely with

Helfer’s specimen, No. 1131. With the plant collected in Perak by the

Bot. Garden Collector (No. 7442) they also as to flowers and leaves

(fruit is absent) agree, except that the Perak plant has slightly larger

flowers and that the calyx-lobes are longer and more acute. Helfer’s

specimen above quoted has, however, been referred by Dr. Engler, in

his excellent monograph of the family of Anacardiacew, to Seme-

carpus albescens, Kurz. To that identification I must, with all res-

pect, demur. Moreover an examination of the large suite of specimens

of §. albescens in the Calcutta Herbarium proves that that plant is

not a Semecarpus, but a Holigarnu; for it has quite the fruits and

spurred petioles of the latter genus. Its name ouglit therefore to be

changed to Holigarna Kurzii; the specific name albescens being too like

albicans which has already been applied to another species. Kurz was

rather unfortunate in his treatment of this family. His Holigarna

Grahami was not, as he supposed, the Semecarpus Grahumi of W. and

A., which is a plant confined to the West of. British India and which

does not extend to Burma. For the Burmese specimens included by

Kurz under H. Graham, Sir Joseph Hooker has substituted the name

H. albicans, (Fl. Br. Ind. II, 38.) My own opinion, however, is that

these Burmese plants are nothing more or less than H. longifolia of

Roxburgh, of which species that author has left an admirable coloured

figure in the Calcutta Herbarium.

Besides the foregoing there are, in the Calcutta Herbarium, speci-

mens from Perak (King’s Collector, No. 6623) of a species of Seme-

carpus which, except in the finer reticulation of the leaves, agree excel-

lently with Beccari’s Bornean specimens, No. 2878, and 3318, which have

been named 8. glauca by Dr. Engler. (DC, Mon, Phan. IV, 478).

16. Drrivycareus, Hook. f.

Trees. Leaves alternate, petioled, simple, quite entire. Racemes

or panicles axillary, Flowers small, subglobose, polygamous. Calyzx

superior; lobes 5, rounded, imbricate. Petals 5, erect, sub-orbicular,

imbricate. Disc broad, annular. Stamens 5, imserted at the base of

the disc. Ovary in the male flowers 0, in the female inferior, Feelled ;

style 1, very short; stigma capitate ; ovule attached to the wall of the

cell. Drupe transversely obliquely ovoid, fibrous, flesh resinous; stone

coriaceous. Seed attached to the wall of the cell, testa membranous ;

embryo thick, cotyledons plano-convex ; radicle minute, opposite the

hilum; plumule hairy. A single species. ;

Sey ae

BA :

1896.) G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 513

Dxivycarpus RrAcemosus, Hook. fil. in Benth, and Hook. fil. Gen.

Plantar. I, 424. A large tree: young branches rather slender, some-

what glaucous, the bark afterwards pale and striate. Laves coriaceous,

oblanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, the edges con-

spicuously undulate, the base cuneate; upper surface glabrous, shining,

the lower dull often glaucous or glaucescent, the reticulations distinct

in both; main nerves 14 to 18 pairs, spreading, often irregular, pro-

minent beneath: length 4 to 6 in,, breadth 1:2 to 2°25 in.; petiole

‘35 to“) in., channelled. Flowers in racemes or panicles, terminal or in

the uppermost axils, shorter than the leaves, puberulous, slender, the

panicles branched from the base; male flowers sessile, fasciculate, the

females shortly pedicelled, both about *] in. in diam. Anthers shortly

ovate, filaments thick. Disc crenate, fleshy. Drupe broader than long,

red when ripe, 1 in. or more broad, and about °75 in. long. Hook. fil.

Fl. Br. Ind. I, 36; Kurz For. Flora Burma I, 314; Engler in DC.

Mon. Phan. IV, 472. Holigarna racemosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. I, 82; Wall.

Cat. 1006.

The Andaman Islands.—Distris. Burma, the Assam Range, and

the lower slopes of the Hastern Himalaya.

17. Draconrometum, Blume.

Trees. Leaves alternate, unequally-pinnate ; leaflets opposite or alter-

nate, quite entire, Panicles axillary and sub-terminal. Flowers herm-

aphrodite. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, sub-erect, sub-valvate. Disc

large, cup-shaped, crenulate. Stamens 10, inserted at the base of the disc.

Ovary sessile, 5-celled; styles 5, thick, erect, connate by their obtuse

stigmatiferous tips ; ovules solitary and pendulous in the cells. Drupe

globose, fleshy, tubercled above the middle by the style-bases; stone

hard, depressed, 2—5-celled ; cells diverging, opening by canals through

the top of the stone, Seeds compressed, pendulous, testa membranous ;

cotyledons plano-convex; radicle short, superior, centrifugal,— DIsrr1B,

5 species natives of tropical Asia and the Pacific.

DeracontoMELUM MANGIrERUM, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I, 231,

fig. 42. A tree 80 to 100 feet high; young branches stout, densely

covered with minute deciduous tawny-tomentum. Leaves 12 to 20 in.

long, their rachises minutely puberulous or glabrous, the petiole slender

and but little thickened at the base ; leaflets 5 to 8 pairs, alternate,

rarely sub-opposite, thinly coriaceous, the upper ones elliptic-oblong, the

lower oyate-oblong aud shorter, all shortly and abruptly acuminate,

unequal-sided with rounded oblique bases: both surfaces minutely

reticulate when dry, the upper quite glabrous, the lower also glabrous

but the midrib often puberulous and with small tufts of hairin the nerve

514 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 3,

axils: main nerves 9 to 12 pairs, spreading, curving, rather prominent

beneath; length 4 to 9 in., breadth 1°75 to 2:75 in.; petiolnles *15 to 2 in.

Panicles nearly as long as the leaves, from above the axils of the upper

leaves or sub-terminal ; the branches minutely tawny-pabescent, spread-

ing, only about 4 to 15 in. long, the ultimate branchlets few-flowered,

minutely bracteolate. Flowers ‘3in. long. Sepals united at the very

base, a little shorter than the petals, elliptic, obtuse, minutely pubes-

cent outside, pale. Petals obloug-lanceolate or spathulate, their apices

recurved or linear, narrower than the sepals, inserted on the edge of

the disc. Stamens about as long as the petals; the anthers narrowly

oblong, cordate at the base, the filaments subulate. Disc broad,

obsoletely crenulate. Ovary oblong-ovoid, deeply divided vertically into

five 1-celled l-ovuled lobes: styles long, slender, connate by their apices,

stigma 5-lobed. Drupe depressed-globose, an inch or more in diam.,,

mesocarp copious; the stone much depressed, very rugulose, erustaceous

and with marginal pores. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. Il, 43; Kurz For.

Flora Burma, I, 322; Engler in DC. Mon. Phan. LV, 252.

In all the Provinces: a common tree.

ADDITION 10 CHAILLETIACER.

Since writing out this Natural Order for the last number of these

papers, I have received two new species of the genus Chailletia of which

I now give descriptions. And, in order to fit these into the key to the

species given at p. 91 of the last volume of this Journal, I here repro-

duce that key, with these two new species introduced into their proper

plaves and indicated by the letter a following the number of each.

Leaves oblong or elliptic-lanceolate.

Leaves very thin, quite glabrous; cymes

globular, °25 to 4 in. in diam. ... .. Ll. C. tenutfolia.

Leaves coriaceous, glabrous except the mid-

rib, strigose at the pase cymes 1 to 2in

“in diam.. 560 . 2. (. Hookert,

Leaves membeuione with many fulvous

bristles on the edges midribs and nerves ... 3. OC. Griffithii.

Leaves-elliptic or oblong-elliptic.

Leaves coriaceous, upper surface with scat-

tered bristles with bulbous bases, lower

surface hispid especially on the midrib and

Me VES) 12.5 .. 93a. C. setosa.

Midribs of leaves Suatades ereathe cymes

°O In. in diam.: ripe drupes *65 in. "broad 4. (C. Helferiana.

Midribs of leaves quite glabrous, cymes ‘3

in, in diam.; ripe drupes 1:25 in. in diam. 5. C. Laurocerasus.

1896.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 515

Leaves everywhere quite glabrous, their

under surfaces tesselate-areolar . oa. C. tesselata.

Leaves elliptic but more or less apie colntel or

obovate, glabrous ue ‘4. 6. C. andamanica,

Leaves elliptic-obovate, retuse, aratieely tomen-

tose on the lower surface a uw. 4. OC. deflexifolia

var. tomentosa.

da. CHAILLETIA SETOSA, King, n. sp. A slender creeper; young

branches and under surfaces of leaves with long yellow bristly hairs.

Leaves coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, acuminate, the base narrowed to the

very short petiole ; upper surface shining, with scattered bulbous-based

bristles most numerous on the midrib near its base; lower surface of

a yellowish-olivaceous colour, much reticulate; main nerves 9 or 10

pairs, curving upwards, very prominent and bristly on the lower surface,

less so on the upper; length 6 to 8°5 in., breadth 2 to 3:25 in.; petiole

‘15 in. long, densely hispid.. Cymes axillary, very short, often in pairs, 4-

. to 6-flowered, almost sessile. Flowers ‘2 in. long. Sepals oblong, blunt,

very concave, much imbricate, densely pale-tomentose outside, glabres-

cent inside. Petals shorter than sepals, oblong-obovate, the apex with

2 rounded concave lobes, quite glabrous. Stamens as long as the petals,

glabrous; the anthers adnate; the connective broad and bearing the

narrow cells on its margin. Ovary densely lanate. Fruit unknown.

Perak: King’s Collector, No. 10429.

A species closely allied to 0. Griffithii, Hook. fil.; but with larger

leaves of thicker texture and very much more hispid.

5a. CHAILLETIA TESSELATA, King, n. sp. A slender woody climber,

10 to 15 feet long: young branches glabrous, shining, the bark black

when dry. Leaves coriaceous, more or less broadly elliptic or elliptic-

oblong with a short sub-acute often abrupt apical point ; narrowed in

the lower fourth to the petiole, the edge slightly recurved : both surfaces

quite glabrous, the upper shining with numerous very minute black

dots, the lower tesselate-reticulate: main nerves 6 or 7 pairs, spreading,

much curved upwards and forming wide arches far from the edge,

prominent on the lower surface; length 4-5 to 5 in., breadth 2°5 to 3

n.; petiole *4 in. long, rough when dry and with transverse ridges,

puberulous. Cymes axillary, in pairs, shortly pedunculate, much-

branched, many-flowered, minutely yellowish-tomentose, from °*5 to 1

in. in diam. Sepals oblong, obtuse, tomentose on the outer surface,

glabrous on the inner. Petals glabrous, obovate, sub-acute, deeply bifid at

the apex, tlte lobes oblanceolate. Stamens longer than the petals, ex-

serted, glabrous, the broad orbicular connective bearing the narrow anther

cell on its edge; the filaments thick. Ovary ovoid, covered with white

wool. Style longer than the ovary, stigma bifid, Fruit unkuown.

516 J. R. Henderson— Some “ Investigator” Paguride. [No. 3,

Trang: Wray, No. 3185. Perak: King’s Collector, No. 6726.

A species of which the nearest ally is C. Hookeri, King, which has

however much narrower leaves not tesselate on the lower surface. This

is also allied to the Bornean species CO. Beccariana, Stapf, which has

however much smaller leaves, not tesselate beneath.

Natural History Notes from H. M. Indian Marine Survey Steamer

‘Investigator, Commander C. F. Oldham, R. N., commanding —

Series II., No. 24. Report on the Paguride collected during the

season 1893-94.—DBy J. R. Henverson, M.B., F.L.S., Fellow of the

University of Madras, Professor of Biology in the Madras Christian

College.*

[Recd. 23rd June—Read 1st July. |

The Paguridx collected by the “Investigator” during the season

1893-94, form asmall but interesting collection of seventeen species, .

for the opportunity of examining which I am indebted to my friend

Surgeon-Captain A. R. Anderson, I. M.S., the Surgeon-Naturalist of

the “ Investigator.” The small number of species is doubtless to be

explained by the fact that no special attention could be paid to shallow-

water forms ; had time and opportunity permitted, the number of these

might have been very largely increased. Of the seventeen species taken,

‘two have been left unnamed, as the specimens by which they are

represented are either very young or are in an imperfect state of

preservation. ‘The collection also contains an undescribed Glaucothoé

which appears to be a larval form, and I have therefore not given it

a specific name. Of the fourteen named species no less than seven are

described as new, and the remaining seven—six of which are from

shallow water—belong to previously known species. The large pro-

portion of new species is not remarkable when the deep-water habitat

of the majority is taken into consideration. The fourteen species are

included in no fewer than ten genera.

The specimens were taken at six dredging stations, at five of which

the depth exceeded 100 fathoms, so that the collection may fairly be

described as a deep-water one. The greatest depth at which Pagurids

were taken during the trip was 719 fathoms, off the North Maldive

Atoll, where two new species of the characteristic deep-water genus

Parapagurus were obtained. The last dredging station on the list is

a shallow-water one off the east coast of Ceylon, where from 28 fath-

oms six species were obtained, three of which are new. There are

* Communicated by the Natural History Secretary.

1896. ] J. R. Henderson — Some “ Investigator” Paguride. * SEY

also included in the collection three shore species, from the Laccadives,

Trincomalee Harbour, and Pulicat on the Madras coast.

Four species belong to deep-water genera, wiz., two (new) to Parapa-

gurus, one to Sympagurus (which is very closely allied to if not identi-

cal with Parapagurus), and the fourth (new) apparently to Pylopagurus.

The two last named genera are new to Indian seas. The genus Pylopa-

gurus was recently established by MM. A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier,

to include several species taken by the ‘“ Blake” in the West Indian

region, and asingle species described by Studer (as an Hupagurus)

from the South African coast. The four remaining new species belong

to the following genera :—two to Paguristes (including one from deep-

water), one to Hupagurus, and one to the interesting genus Catapagurus.

Of the previously known shallow-water species four belong to well

known and for the most part widely distributed species, wiz., the two

species of Caicinus, Spiropagurus spiriger (De Haan), and Clibanarius

padavensis, de Man. The remaining two are now recorded for the first

time since their diagnoses were published by the present writer some

years ago. Pagurus dearmatus was originally taken at the Admiralty

Islands, and Hupagurus zebra on the north-west coast of Australia,

as well as on the Ceylon coast.

The majority of the species are represented each by a small

number of specimens, but two—Paguristes puniceus and Sympagurus

monstrosus—were taken in large numbers.

LisT OF DREDGING STATIONS WITH THE SPECIES TAKEN AT EACH.

Station 150, off the north Maldive Atoll. Lat. 7° 0545’ N. Long.

- 75° 04’ 0” EH. Depth 719 fathoms. Bottom fine coral sand.

Parapagurus andersoni, n. sp.

us minulus, 0. sp.

Glaucothoé.

- Station 151, Colombo Light House S. 64 H. 133 miles distant.

Depth 142 to 400 fathoms. Bottom brown mud.

Sympagurus monstrosus (Alcock).

Hupagurus, sp.

Station 162, off the Madras coast. lat. 13° 51’ 12” N. Long.

80° 28’ 12” BE. Depth 145 to 250 fathoms. Bottom brown mud.

- Paguristes puniceus, 0. sp.

Sympagurus monstrosus (Alcock).

Station 166, off the Madras coast. Lat. 13°34’ 55” N. Long.

80° 32’ 12” E. Depth 133 fathoms. Bottom brown mud.

Paguristes puniceus, 0. sp.

Pylopagurus magnimanus, N. Sp.

J. 1. 66

518 J. R. Henderson— Some “ Investigator” Paguride. (No. 3,

Station 170, off the Madras coast. Lat. 13°01’ 06” N. Long.

80° 36’ 56” E. Depth 107 fathoms. Bottom sand and soft brown mud

with cinders (steamer route).

Pylopagurus magnimanus, nu. sp.

Station 175, off the east coast of Ceylon. Lat. 8° 51'30” N. Long.

81° 11’ 52” E. Depth 28 fathoms. Bottom sand, shells, and stones.

Pagurus dearmatus, Henderson.

Hupagurus zebra, Henderson.

Spiropagurus spiriger (De Haan).

Hupagurus pergranulatus, n. sp.

Catapagurus muricatus, 0. sp.

Paguristes pusillus, n. sp.

SHORE SPECIES.

Calcinus herbsti, de Man. Laccadives. Trincomalee.

e, elegans (Milne Edwards), Laccadives.

Olibanarius padavensis, de Man, Pulicat.

3 sp. indet. Trincomalee.

REPORT ON THE SPECIES.

Genus Pagurus, Fabricius.

1. Pagurus dearmatus, Henderson.

P. dearmatus, Henderson, “‘ Challenger ” Anomura, p. 58, pl. vi. fig. 5 (1888).

Station 175, off the east coast of Ceylon, depth 28 fathoms. A

male abont 18 mm. long.

This species was founded on a single specimen—a female with ova,

measuring 24 mm. in length—taken by the “Challenger” at the Ad-

miralty Islands, from a depth of 16 to 25 fathoms. It is allied to

P. pedunculatus, Herbst (with which P. varipes, Heller, is perhaps iden-

tical) and P. deformis Milne Edwards, but is distinguished from both by

the uniform granulation of the outer surface of its larger hand as well

as by the smaller size of the species in general.

The ‘ Investigator” specimen agrees closely with the original

description, except that the propodus of the third left leg is faintly

carinated externally, a character not mentioned in the ‘ Challenger”

Report. A red band encircling each eye-stalk about its middle, is still

visible.

Genus Catcinus, Dana.

2. Calcinus herbstt, de Man.

Pagurus tibicen, Milne Edwards Ann. Sci. Nat. (2) t. VI. p. 278 (1836); Hist.

Nat, Crust. t. II, p. 229 (1837).

1896.] J. R. Henderson— Some “ Investigator” Paguridex. 519

Calcinus tibicen, Dana, Crust. U. 8. Explor. Exped. pt. i. p. 457 (1852).

Calcinus herbstit, de Man, Arch. f. Naturg. Jahrg. 53, Bd. i. p. 437 (1887)

Ortmann, Zoolog. Jahrbiicher, Bd. VI. Abth. f. Syst. p. 292 (1892) ubi synon.

Suhelipar, Laccadives: a male about 25 mm. in total length.

Great Sober Island, Trincomalee Harbour ; a female about 20 mm.

long.

The chelipeds are dark brown in colour, with the exception of the

fingers and outer surface of the palm in the left or larger chela, and the

finger-tips of the right chela, all of which are white. The second and

third pair of walking-legs are orange with white dactyli, the latter

having each a small orange band near the tip; there is also a faint red

longitudinal band on the outer or posterior surface of the meral and

carpal joints. The eye-stalks are orange with a broad white basal band.

The species is common and widely spread over the coral region

of the Indo-Pacific area, from Natal and East Africa, to the Sandwich

Islands, and the islands of the Pacific generally. It is recorded from

the Maldives by Ortmann.

3. Calcinus elegans (Milne Edwards).

Pagurus elegans, Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. (2) t. vi. p. 278 (1836) ; Hist.

Nat. Crust. t. ii, p. 229, pl. xiii. fig. 2 (1837).

Calcinus elegans, Dana, Crust. U. 8. Explor. Exped. pt. i. p. 458, pl. xxviii. fig.

10 (1852); Ortmann. Zoolog. Jahrbucher, Bd. vi. Abth. f. Syst. p. 294 (1892)

ubi synon.

Suhelipar, Laccadives ; two males.

The larger specimen which measures about 40 mm. in length, has.

the left or larger chela dark olive-green in colour. The second and

third pairs of ambulatory legs are blue, with purple-black bands on

the meral, carpal, and propodal joints, while the dactyli are similarly

spotted. The eye-stalks are blue, the antennal peduncles and flagella

orange.

The second specimen measuring about 33 mm. in length, has the

left chela orange brown. The ambulatory legs are white with crimson

bands, and similar spots on the dactyli. The eye-stalks are white with

a bluish tinge, the antennae orange. According to Dana the colouring

is as follows :—“‘ Hands bright green except white tubercles, antennae

orange, eyes blue. Second and third pairs of legs banded with velvet

black and bright blue, hairs of tarsus carmine.” The colour differences

in the two specimens may be partly due to greater fading in the second,

but not entirely so. There is evidently considerable colour variation.

This species like the last, extends from Natal and Hast Africa to

the Pacific, but is evidently less common than C. herbsti.

520 J. R. Henderson — Some “ Investigator” Paguride. (No.3,

Genus Criipanarivus, Dana.

4, Clibanarius padavensis, de Man.

C. padavensis de Man, Mergui Crust. p. 242, pl. xvi. figs. 1-5 (1858); Hender-

son, Trans. Linn. Soc. 2 ser. Zool. Vol. V. pt. 10, p. 423 (1893).

Pulicat, Madras Coast; a large series.

The largest specimen is an adult male measuring 70 mm. in length.

Young individuals are found in the shells of a Cerithium, older ones in

the shells of Ranella, Hburna, etc., and on one of the shells there is

an encrusting hydroid.

The second and third pairs of ambulatory legs exhibit a well-marked

longitudinal blue band, best seen on the posterior surface of the propodi.

This blue band is bordered both above and below, by a dark brownish

or reddish band.

The species was first recorded by de Man from Mergui, and as

I have elsewhere shown, is common in the brackish back-waters, along

the Madras Coast, as far south as Tuticorin.

Genus Evpacurus, Brandt.

5. Hupagurus zebra, Henderson.

E, zebra, Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc. 2 ser. Zool. Vol. V. pt. 10, p. 425, pl.

xxxix. figs. 12-15 (1893).

Station 175, off the east coast of Ceylon, depth 28 fathoms. Two

specimens in the shells of a Murez.

The smaller specimen is a female with ova about 15 mm. long the

other a male about 20 mm. in length.

The species was founded on two specimens, one from the Ceylon

coast, the other taken at a depth of 53 fathoms, off the north-west

coast of Australia. The latter, which was the larger of the two, measured

21 mm. in length. It is easily distinguished by its colour markings,

which take the form of dark red lines on the ambulatory legs, chelipeds,

carapace, and even on the antennal peduncles and flagella. From

evidence supplied -by one of the original specimens, there is reason to

believe that this hermit-crab like the mollusc Avicula zebra, Reeve, lives

among hydroids, and the linear colour markings by their resemblance to

the ramuli of the hydroid, serve a protective function.

6. *Hupagurus pergranulatus, n. sp.

Station 175, off the east coast of Ceylon, depth 28 fathoms. An

adult female.

The anterior portion of the carapace is membranous, with the

median frontal projection slightly marked, and exceeded by the slightly

* Till. Zool. Investigator, Crustacea, pl. xxxi. fig. 1 (in preparation).

1896. ] J. R. Henderson— Some ‘ Investigator” Paguridex. 521

better marked lateral projections. The eye-stalks are very large, and

slightly curved, with large deeply pigmented cornee ; they are about

one-fourth of their length longer than the antennal peduncles, and

about equal in length to the antennular peduncles, when the latter are

fully extended. The ophtha!micscales have narrow subacute apices,

and are separated by a wide interval. The antennal acicle has a

slight sigmoid curve, and extends almost to the end of the antennal

peduncle; the antennal flagellum appears to be about two-thirds the

length of the body.

The right or larger chelipede is massive and slightly pubescent.

‘The merus is provided with a series of short acute spines on either side

of the under surface, but is otherwise smooth. As all the joints move

in a vertical plane, the under surface of the merus is excavated ante-

riorly to receive the carpus, and the above mentioned spines are placed

on the margin of this depression. The upper surface of the carpus is

armed with short scattered spinules, which are most prominent on the

inner margin, while the lower surface is reduced to a narrow trans-

verse area. The upper surface of the hand is granulated, the granules

especially those on the immobile finger, being crescentic in outline,

and all of them are smooth and glabrous. Hach granule has an anterior

depression or concavity, which gives it the characteristic crescentic

form, but some few of the granules are circular with a central depres-

sion. On the inner margin of the hand, which terminates in a well-

marked subacute lobe, projecting over the insertion of the mobile finger,

the granules are replaced by short denticles. On the outer margin of

the hand there is a very regular row of granules, which appear square-

topped when viewed from the side. The mobile finger is massive,

with a faint median carina on its upper surface, and crescentic granules

similar to those of the hand. The apices of the fingers are calcareous.

The left or smaller chelipede has a few spinules on the lower

surface of the merus, and on the upper surface of the carpus; in the

latter situation they are arranged in two rows. The carpus is as lone

as the hand. The hand has a slight dorsal carina, and its upper sur-

face is provided with crescentic granules; the apices of the fingers are

corneous.

The ambulatory legs are faintly pubescent, with the dactyli ending

in acute horny tips.

The margin of the telson is fringed with short acute spinules.

The single specimen gives the following measurements :—

Length of body about ree Act ar Perce (oMusrhir

” », carapace ag ae Ah oA OM TS

» » right chelipede (which cannot be fully extended)

about ae 09 ven aa

522 J. R. Henderson— Some “ Investigator” Paguridsz. [No. 3,

Length of carpus of right chelipede .., AT -. 45 mm,

4 », hand of right chelipede_... AP pt >

i » eye-stalk A iy

Although there is only a single specimen, I have ventured to

describe this species on account of its well marked characters, more

especially the peculiar type of granulation met with on its chelipedes,

which distinguishes it from all other members of the genus with which

Iam acquainted.

Genus Pytopacurus, A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier.

“Blake” Paguride, Mem. Mus, Comp. Zool. (Harvard Coll.) Vol. XIV. No. 3.

p. 74 (1893).

I refer the species described below with some hesitation to this

genus, aS it does not possess the characteristic lid-like right chela,

used as a kind of operculum to close the shell, which is one of the

special features of Pylopagurus. The hand is not ovate in form, and it

can be fully extended, yet at the same time it is capable of being bent

at a right angle to the carpus, a character mentioned by Milne-Edwards

and Bouvier. It has the general appearance of an Hupagurus, and

I would have referred it to that genus but for the arrangement of the

abdominal sexual appendages, which present the very unusual char-

acters described for Pylopagurus. There is a single pair of minute

appendages in the female immediately behind the last thoracic sternum,

while corresponding paired appendages are entirely absent from the

male.

7. *Pylopagqurus magnimanus, n. sp.

Station 166, off the Madras Coast, depth 133 fathoms. A female

(damaged) ina Rostellaria shell.

Station 169, off the Madras Coast, depth 107 fathoms. A male in

perfect condition, but without a shell.

The anterior portion of the carapace is slightly calcified, and

practically eight-sided in outline ; it is separated from the surrounding

regions by deep grooves. The median frontal projection is well-marked,

with a broad base and a sub-acute apex ; the lateral frontal projections

are fairly well-marked, and some distance behind each there is a pit

on the dorsal surface of the carapace. The eye-stalks are moderately

slender, and faintly compressed from above downwards; the corner

are rather pale in colour. The ophthalmic scales are well-developed,

entire, and acute, the apical half of each scale being slightly depressed.

The antennal peduncles exceed the eye-stalks by about one-half the

length of their terminal joint; the acicle is strongly curved, with a

fringe of hairs on its inner margin. The external prolongation of the

* Til. Zool. Investigator, Crustacea, pl. Xxxi. fig. 2 (in preparation),

1896.] J. R. Henderson— Some “ Investigator” Paguridex. 523

second joint of the antennal peduncle extends slightly beyond the

middle of the penultimate peduncular joint, and its apex carries a

series of hairs. The antennal flagella are about one and a half times

the length of the body. The antennular peduncles exceed the eye-

stalks, by about three quarters of the length of their last (peduncular)

joint.

The right chelipede is massive, and its form recalls that of Eiupa-

gurus zebra, Henderson; the jomts are granulated, and the granules

exhibit a tendency to become sub-spinose. The merus has a prominent

serrated lobe on its inner and lower margin; on the under surface of

the joint there is a low regularly granulated pyramidal elevation. The

lower and inner margin of the carpus presents a similar but smaller

serrated lobe, while the upper surface of this joint is armed with sub-

spiniform granules. On the inner margin of the carpus these granules

are replaced by short conical spines, arranged in several longitudinal

rows, and along the distal margin of the joint, adjoining the carpo-pro-

podal articulation, there are about six of these spines, somewhat larger

than the others, arranged in a row, behind which a narrow smooth area

is visible. The upper surface of the propodus is rather uniformly granu-

lated, but the granules have a tendency to become spiniform along the

inner margin of the joint, near its proximal end; the outer margin is

thin and regularly curved or deflexed towards the apex of the immobile

finger, The upper surface of the dactylus is uniformly granulated ;

its inner margin is thin, and there is a longitudinal concave area on the

nuder surface.

The left chelipede when stretched, extends almost to the insertion

of the dactylus in the larger chelipede. It is moderately pubescent,

and a row of spinules is found on the lower margin of the merus, and

another on the upper margin of the carpus. The latter joint is only

‘slightly shorter than the combined hand and fingers.

The ambulatory legs are slightly pubescent, and almost unarmed,

only one or two minute spinules being visible on the carpal joints, in the

male specimen, The dactyli have yellow horny apices. The sexual

appendages on the first abdominal segment of the female are minute,

but the three biramous appendages on the left side are well developed.

The gill lamelle, which are arranged in two rows, are long and

narrow.

The male specimen gives the following measurements :—

Length of body ane be ace ast eae» HEINE

Ss 5) carapace see 50s gas scahel: Gongias

» 9) right chelipede ae oh Pats >) ere

- », carpus of same aaa ode bli Oalas

524 J. R. Henderson— Some “ Investigator” Paguride. [No. 3,

Length of propodus ate ee oe . 1 mm,

Greatest breadth of propodus a3 Dy soe | De

Length of second right leg es Ws ste AZ me

ae », propodus of same ver ni ovo 12 Dees

f », dactylus ,, —,, Sob “iF soo't LD eae

The female is slightly smaller.

There is a note by Surgeon-Captain Anderson, as to the colour of

the species during life, preserved in the bottle which contains the broken ~

specimen. ‘Legs crimson dotted with yellowish white, under surface

of the joints white. Carapace brownish pink. Lived in the accom-

panying Rostellaria.”

The species differs from all others so far allotted to its genus, in

the form of its non-operculiform hand.

Genus Sprropacurus, Stimpson.

8. Spiropagurus spiriger (De Haan).

Pagurus spiriger, De Haan, Crust. Japon. p. 206, tab. xlix. fig. 2 (1850).

Spiropagurus spiriger, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. p. 248 (1858);

Henderson, “Challenger”? Anomura, p. 72 (1888); Ortmann, Zoolog. Jahrbiicher,

Bd. VI. Abth. £. Syst. p. 297 (1892).

Station 175, off the east coast of Ceylon,-depth 28 fathoms. Two

males.

The larger specimen is about 30 mm. long and inhabited the shell

of a Harpa. Its extended or unrolled copulatory organ measures 20

mm. in length. The species is devoid of any bright colouration and a

special feature is the large size of its eyes. The dactyli and propodi

of the ambulatory (or probably swimming) legs, are closely fringed with

hairs. All the specimens I have met with at Madras—where the species

is common—occurred in light shells, such as could be easily carried by a

swimming animal. . A similar selection of the shell in order probably to

suit the habits of the inmate, is seen in the genus Olibanarius, the

members of which on the Madras coast:at least, almost invariably

select heavy shells, and are generally found in exposed and often

surfbeaten situations.

The present species has been recorded from the seas of Japan,

China, Admiralty Is., Torres Strait, Malay Archipelago, and the Bay of

Bengal (Madras and Gulf of Martaban). It is a shallow-water form.

Genus CATAPAGURUS, A. Milne- Edwards.

9. * Catapagurus muricatus, n. sp.

Station 175, off the east coast of Ceylon, depth 28 fathoms. Three

males, and two females with ova.

* Til. Zool, Investigator, Crustacea, pl. xxxi. fig. 3 (in preparation).

i896] J. R. Henderson— Some “ Investigator” Paguride. 525

The anterior portion of the carapace is smooth, with the median

or rostral projection scarcely marked. The eye-stalks extend almost te

the end of the antennal peduncle, but scarcely to the middle of the

terminal joint of the antennular peduncle; the cornes are somewhat

dilated. The imner distal end of each ophthalmic scale is produced

into a small conical projection, from the under surface of which, near its

apex, a small spinule arises. The antennal acicle is slender and strongly

eurved, reaching to about the middle of the terminal joint of the

antennal peduncle ; the antennal flagellum is naked.

The right chelipede is only slightly longer and stouter than the

-jeft; both are pubescent and strongly spinose, especially on the hands

and fingers, the arrangement being similar in the two chelipedes. The

carpus is slightly longer than the hand (7.¢., the propodus minus the

immobile finger), and it carries an inuer row of curved acute spinules on

its upper surface, and an outer row of smaller and blunter spinules.

The upper surface of the hand is armed with three longitudinal rows of

short and curved, but somewhat blunt, spines; the two marginal rows

extend to the apices of the dactylus and immobile finger respectively,

and are slightly more prominent than the median row, which extends

along the upper surface of the immobile finger. There are in addition

numerous smaller spires, scattered irregularly between those of the

longitudinal rows. The opposing edges of the fingers are rather strongly

toothed, and towards its apex the dactylus is corneous and _ slightly

excavated. The fingers of the left chelipede are about equal in length

to the palm, whereas those of the right chelipede are slightly shorter.

: The ambulatory legs are faintly pubescent, but unarmed. Their

, dactyli are slightly longer than the propodi, and terminate in acute

horny apices.

The male copulatory organ (protruded vas defenets) iS very

slender; it springs from the coxal joint of the last right leg, and in one

4 specimen is rolled into a spiral of at least two turns. It becomes

: readily uncoiled when the specimen is handled.

7 The total length of a male is about 15 mm., while females with

_ ova ave even smaller. Detached chelipedes probably from the same

specimen measure as follows :—

Length of right chelipede We oe ..» 14mm.

th », left chelipede ... snd oe

One specimen has a small Beds in its emackval chamber.

This species is distinguished at once from the only other known

Indo-Pacific species, viz., C. australis Henderson, taken by the “ Chal-

lenger,” at Fiji, and in the Arafura Sea, and OC. ensifer, Henderson,

from the Gulf of Martabau, by the armature of its subequal chelipedes.

de. ay. 67

526 J. RK. Henderson— Some “ Investigator” Paguride. [No. 3,

Moreover in the latter species the dactyli resemble sword-blades, and

are perhaps used for swimming. The American species described by

A. Milne-Edwards, and S. I. Smith, come from deep water, and have

the sexual organ shorter, stouter, and simply bent round the abdomen,

whereas in the species just described, and probably in the two other

Indo-Pacific forms, the organ is much longer, more slender, and

capable of being coiled after the fashion of Spiropagurus. These

differences are not in my opinion sufficiently important to separate the

eastern and western species generically.

Genus Pacuristes, Dana.

10. * Paguristes pusillus, n. sp.

Station 175, off the east coast of Ceylon, depth 28 fathoms.

Three males, and two females with ova.

The median frontal projection is prominent, extending well be-

tween the ophthalmic scales, and is at the same time subacute and

deflexed ; the lateral frontal projections. are also subacute. The eye-

stalks are long, exceeding the antennal peduncles by about half their

length, and even slightly exceeding the antennular peduncles. The

ophthalmic scales have their apices in some cases minutely bidentate,

er even tridentate, in other cases they are apparently entire. Tie

antennal acicle scarcely reaches the end of the ultimate peduncular

joint, and exhibits three well marked spinules on its “outer margin ;

the external prolongation of the second jomt is apparently bispinose.

The antennal flagellum is extremely short, being only slightly longer

than the eye-stalk ; it is only sparingly ciliated.

The chelipedes are subequal, or the left is very slightly larger ;

they are without prominent hairs anywhere, and the upper surface

of the carpus, propodus, and dactylus, is uniformly provided with

subspiniform granules. These granules become distinctly spimose on

the inner margin of the carpus and propodus, especially on the former

joint, which is longer than the hand. A few spinules are also met

with at the distal end of the merus, both on its upper and its lower

margin. The fingers are in contact throughout their length, and are

without prominent teeth.

The ambulatory legs are of moderate length; the first pair with

their carpal and propodal joints spinulose anteriorly, the daetylus less

distinctly so; the second pair are almost devoid of spinules. Both

pairs ave faintly pubescent. The propodi of both pairs are slightly

shorter than the dactyli.

The following colour markings are still visible. The eye-stalks,

antennal, and antennular peduncles, are purplish. The meral joints

* Til. Zool. Investigator, Crustacea, pl. xxxi. fig. 4 (in preparation) -

1896. | J. R. Henderson— Some “ Investigator” Paguridex. 527

of the chelipedes exhibit a single pale blue spot on the outer surface,

and two similar spots on the inner surface—all three near the distal

end of the joint. The ambulatory legs are faintly banded with red.

The eggs carried by the females are of large size for such a small

Species, and are concealed in the ovigerous sac. They are even larger

than in the next species—Paguristes puniceus—in which moreover,

they are freely exposed on the side of the abdomen.

An adult male gives the following measurements :-—

Length of body be 408 Bea ronlO pean

3 »» carapace he ae as padth Ak a

» eye-stalk at De git sd Aco; t 53

= », chelipede me Ar oF Ce OL ona

a », first leg a Md AY Ee EO eas

~ », second leg anh sae bee weary LO ies

» », dactylus of second leg ee sh sashes aes

33 » propodus of same Ris Rails: Fag

The species is characterised by Hin small size, the nature of its

chelipedes, colour markings, ete. In its very short antennal flagella

it agrees with P. hians, Henderson, from the Philippines, but the two

are very different in other respects,

li. *Paguristes puniceus, n. sp.

Station 162, off the Madras coast, depth 145 to 250 fathoms. A

large series chiefly inhabiting the shells of a Rostellaria, many of which

haye an investing Hpizoanthus. Several of the females are with ova.

Station 166, off the Madras coast, depth 133 fathoms. An adult

male in the shell of a Rostellaria.

The median frontal projection is less prominent than usual in the

genus, and varies considerably in length in different individuals; in

some specimens the apex is subobtuse, and scarcely reaches the base

of the ophthalmic scales, whereas in others it is acute, and extends

almost to the middle of the scales. The lateral frontal projections are

almost as prominent as the median one. The anterior surface of the

carapace is somewhat rugose, with a few scattered hairs, and there is

a marginal suleus following the contour of the anterior margin.. Ou

the posterior membranous region of the carapace, the median or car-

diac area is reduced to a linear elevation, bounded by a sulcus on

either side, and the two branchial areas thus almost meet in the middle

line. This cardiac elevation widens out slightly in front immediately

behind the cervical groove. The eye-stalks are shorter than usual in

the genus, just reaching the end of the antennal peduncle, or even in

some cases slightly falling short of this, and extending to about the

* Jl. Zool. Investigator, Crustacea, pl. xxxii. fig. 1 (in preparation),

528 J. R. Henderson — Some “ Investigator” Paguride. [No. 3,

middle of the last joint of the antennular peduncle. The ophthalmic

scales are rather small, and separated by a considerable interval, with

their apices acute and entire. The antennal acicle extends to about

the middle of the terminal joint of the antennal peduncle ; it is straight

and acute, with a few short spines on its inner margin, and sometimes

also on its outer margin, concealed by the hairs with which the acicle

is clothed. The external prolongation of the second joint of the

antennal peduncle is bispinose in some specimens at least; the third

joint is produced inferiorly into a strong spine. The antennal flagel-

lum is of. moderate length, extending to the tips of the chelipedes, and

is fringed with long hairs.

The chelipedes as well as the ambulatory legs are sisted with

long silky hairs. The chelipedes are subequal in most specimens, but

in some males the right is larger. The carpus, propodus, and dactylus

are armed with short. acute spines, some of which are horny tipped,

and the majority give rise to bunches of silky hairs. On the upper

surface of the carpus there is a median longitudinal smooth area, with

rows of spinules on either side. The spines are arranged irregularly

on the upper surface of the hand and fingers, but there are always

three or four more prominent than the others on the inner margin of

the hand. The apices of the fingers are horny.”

The ambulatery legs are long and slender, especially the second

pair; all the joints are provided with long marginal hairs. In some

specimens a few spinules are met with on the anterior margin of the

carpal and propodal joints, and in older specimens they appear to be

represented by slight tubercular elevations. The dactyliare about one

and a half times the Jength of the prapodi.

In a note accompanying the specimen from Station 166, the colour

during life, according to Surgeon-Captain Anderson, was as follows :-—

“Leos and anterior part of carapace light pink. Eye-stalks rather

darker pink,”

The following are the measurements of an ential male :—

Length of body Bi. ace “08 .. OO Mmm.

i », carapace wus ee dee i TOS

53 » eye-stalk Hi ada a 2s SPOS,

i, » Cchelipede ee fe dix cov BOL

55 », first leg we a ant 40, 7

3 ,», second lee b5 ait nie ws SO SE

» » dactylus of second leg 24 see ws 12°52

af »» propodus of same i Tae

Some of the specimens are sfeated by in different Bopyrid

parasites—one living in the branchial cavity, the other attached to the

abdomenu—but occurring in different hosts.

1896. ] J. R. Henderson— Some “ Investigator” Paguridex. 529

The species is chiefly characterised by the shortness of its eye-

stalks, and the great reduction of the cardiac area of the carapace.

It is apparently allied to P. setosus, a species from New Guinea,

insufficiently described by H. Milne-Hdwards, but if Ortmann (Zoolog.

Jahrb., Bd. vi., Abth. f. Syst., p. 281, taf. xii., fig. 9, 1892) is correct in

his identification of the latter, the two are distinct. The species

figured by Ortmann has slightly longer eye-stalks, a longer antennal

acicle, and an entirely different configuration of the cardiac area of

the carapace ; in his description there is but slight reference to the

other characters. According to Milne-Hdwards the colour of his

species was reddish yellow.

Genus Parapacurus, 8S. I. Smith.

12. *Parapagurus anderson, n. sp.

Station 150, off the north Maldive Atoll, depth 719 fathoms. An

adult male in a shell of Bathybembix woodmasont, H. A. Smith, invested

by an anemone.

The anterior portion of the carapace is moderately convex, both

from side to side, and from before backwards; the surface is slightly

uneven, with a few tufts of hair near the lateral and anterior margins.

The median frontal projection is fairly prominent, while the lateral

projections are scarcely indicated at all. The portion of the carapace

behind the cervical grooves is membranous, and even the cardiac area

is uncalcified. The eye-stalks are slightly concave on their inner

surface, and a few rather long hairs are found on the upper surface

of each ; the corneae are small, but deeply pigmented. The ophthalmic

scales are small and laterally compressed, each terminating in four

small apical denticles. The antennal peduncles are broad, and exceed

the eye-stalks by about the length of the last peduncular joint; the

acicle has a slight sigmoid curve, and extends to the end of the

peduncle, while its inner margin is provided with a row of spinules.

The external prolongation of the second joint of the antennal peduncle

is acute, but very short; the terminal joint of the peduncle is broad,

and flattened from above downwards. The antennal flagellum is more

than twice the length of the body. The antennular peduncles exceed

the eye-stalks by the whole of their terminal joint, and about two-

thirds of the length of their penultimate joint.

The chelipedes are elongated and slender, with the joints faintly

pubescent, and armed with subspiniform granules. The carpus is about

one-fourth of its length longer than the merus; 1b is practically cylin-

drical, and the whole surface is uniformly granulated, but the granules

or spinules as they might almost be termed, are most marked on the

* Tll, Zool. Investigator, Crustacea, pl. xxxii. fig. 2 (in preparation).

530 J. R. Henderson— Some “ Investigator” Paguridex. [ No. 3,

upper surface. The propodus is slightly flattened when compared with

the carpus, though both its surfaces are really somewhat convex; the

granules are practically confined to its inner and outer margins, where

they have assumed a distinct spinose character; they are strongly

marked also on the corresponding margins of the fingers. The upper

surface of the hand is pubescent, but otherwise almost smooth. ‘The

left chelipede extends to a point opposite the middle of the carpus of

the larger chelipede. It is everywhere clothed with rather long hairs,

and the upper margin of the carpus is carinated.

The ambulatory legs are very long and slender, even exceeding

the chelipedes, and they are everywhere glabrous. The anterior

margin of all the joints, but especially the meri, carries a few setose

hairs, and there is a small spinule at the anterior distal end of the

carpi. The dactyli are slightly bent, and flattened towards their

apices; their apical portions carry long setose hairs.

The single specimen measures as follows :—

Length of carapace 660 Sot oo .. J2mm.,

» » right chelipede 500 oe ote ® Saas

a », left chelipede ... 566 adie oT ee

» 9, merus of right chelipede ... 403 aoe

et 5, carpus of same be Sec Pri

» 9) Propodus of same ae 3: [oe

» », dactylus of same 5a oe 2.

3 », second right leg oe “0 a fe =

ae »» propodus of same 352 “x PPS

» » dactylus of same BOs

The gill-filaments are somewhat sfiectoted: and armaheed! as usual

in the genus, in four rows; the filaments of each outer row are about

two-thirds the length of, and at the same time somewhat narrower than,

those of the inner row.

The present species, which I have pleasure in associating with the

name of Surgeon-Captain A. R.S. Anderson, is in some respects similar to

P. pilosimanus,* S. I. Smith, but is more slender, and distinguished at

once by the different nature of its ophthalmic scales. In the latter

respect it is more like P. afinis, Henderson, but this latter is a much

stouter species, and differs from the one just described in many respects.

* According to MM. A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier, the Parapagurus abyssorum

of my Report on the “ Challenger’ Anomura, is identical with P. pilosimanus.

At the time the Report was written I had compared the “ Challenger” specimens

with those taken by the “Talisman,” to which A. Milne-Edwards had given the

name of Pagurus abyssorwm, and finding them identical, described the species under

the latter specific name. The Hupagurus jacobii, A. Milne-Edwards, is also identical

with P. pilosimanus.

77" ©

1896. | J. R. Henderson — Some “ Investigator” Paguride. 531

From the same locality— station 150—there are two small individuals

(male and female), which I-consider as undeveloped individuals of

P. andersoni; one is in a similar shell to that which holds the adult

type, with an investing anemone, while the other is in a Natica. Inthe

larger specimen the carapace measures only 7 mm. in length. Both

exhibit much less relative elongation of the chelipedes and ambulatory

legs, rendering it probable that elongation is a special character of

adult males. The jomts of the right chelipede are more definitely

subspinose, especially the under surface of the merus and the edges

of the hand and fingers, but the subspiniform granulation can of course

only be made out with alens. The hand is broader than in the adult,

and more ovate in shape. In one specimen only two denticles can be

made out at the apices of the ophthalmic scales, but in the other

specimen there are three denticles.

13. *Parapagurus minutus, n. sp.

Station 150, off the north Maldive Atoll, depth 719 fathoms.

Nine specimens—all living in Dentalium shells—including two females

with ova. The shell tenanted by the largest example is covered by a

colony of Hpizoanthus, composed of four polyps.

In this minute species, which appears to be fully adult, as shown

by the presence of egys, the largest example has the carapace, chelipedes,

and legs glabrous with a white porcellanous aspect. In the smaller

specimens there is a slight pubescence on all the above named parts,

including the eye-stalks, where the hairs may be rather long. Hairs

are met with in this last situation even in the largest specimen.

The anterior portion of the carapace is glabrous and regularly

convex, with the exception of a slight wrinkling antero-laterally. ‘lhe

median frontal projection is scarcely indicated. The eye-stalks exhibit

considerable basal dilatation, and the narrowed apex carries a reduced

but deeply pigmented cornea. The ophthalmic scales are minute, and

terminate in a subacute point. The antennal peduncles slightly exceed

the eye-stalks; the acicle is almost straight, ciliated, and faintly

spinose on its inner margin; the external prolongation of the second

joint exhibits considerable depth, and its apex can scarcely be termed

acute. The antennular peduncles exceed the eye-stalks by more than

the length of the last peduncular joint—this however is almost a

generic character. The antennal flagellum is apparently not longer

_ than the body, if as long.

The right chelipede has the joints of a white porcellanous aspect.

The hand (omitting the fingers) is slightly longer than the carpus,

but the proportion seems to vary slightly in different specimens.

* Ill. Zool. Investigator, Crustacea, pl. xxxii. fig. 3 (in preparation),

532 J. R. Henderson — Some “ Investiyator” Puguridxe [No. 3,

The length of the hand is not quite twice its breadth. In the largest

specimen the joints of the chelipede are almost smooth, there being

only a faint denticulation, or almost granulation, visible on the margins

of the hand and fingers, but in other specimens there is a regular

minute serration, and in these cuses the margins are thinner or less

rounded. In some cases minute granules are visible on the under

surface of the hand and wrist. In one or two examples the tip of

the dactylus is bent under that of the immobile finger. The smaller

or left chelipede extends to about the middle of the hand of the larger

chelipede, and in some cases even to the articulation of the dactylus.

The ambulatory legs are unarmed, though faintly pubescent,

especially the terminal portions of the dactyli. The dactyli are not

quite twice the length of the propodi.

The gills are similar to those of P. andersoni, but the lamellae

are narrower. The eggs are moderately large, and the oviducal

opening of the female is, as usual in the genus, present only on the

left side. ae"

The largest specimen is a female with ova, which measures as

follows :—

Length of boay* 500 mee sae .. 16 mm.

pods », carapace so Bele ae eepigeas 5) bye-

- » right chelipede aoe tS ove | Uncbianee

a ,», first right leo . be oes Fae

The chief feature of the species is ats Siiatite size. Although the fact

that some of the females carry ova is notin itself sufficient to indicate that

they have attained their maximum size, yet I think it may be safely

assumed that by this time they have developed all the leading specific

characters. In some Pagurids, notably the common Huropean Bupagurus

bernhardus, (Linn.) considerable differeuces may be observed in the

size of egg-bearing females.

Genus Sympacurus, 8. E. Smith.

This genus according to A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier, is distin-

guished from Parapagurus solely by the arrangement of the gills, which

are biserial and not quadriserial, and in the opinion of these oberrers

the two genera ought probably to be united. A connecting link oceurs

in the S. nudus, A. Milne-Edwards, taken by the ‘‘ Hirondelle,” in whieh

at. the base of each branchial lamella there is an external radimentary

lamella, and if the latter were somewhat larger the gili would resemble

that of a Parapagurus. The evidence furnished by this species, tends at

* Owing to the species inhabiting 2 Dentalium shell, the body—uulike that of

most Pagurids—is fully extended.

71896.] J. R. Henderson— Some “ Investigator” Pagurides. 533

least to show that characters derived from the gills are of somewhat

doubtful value in the classification of the Paguridae. On the other

hand the species of Sympagurus do not appear as a rule to reach the

great depths at which species of Parapagurus are found, and in some

of the species, including the one about to be described, the eye-stalks,

unlike those of the last named genus, exhibit a certain amount of

dilatation. Moreover the gill-branches of Parapagurus are more or

Jess filamentous, while those of Sympaqurus are lamellate. For the

* present the two genera may therefore I think be kept separate.

14. * Sympagurus monstrosus, (Alcock).

(?) Parapagurus monstrosus, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xiii. 1894, p. 243.

Station 151, off the coast of tore depth 142 to 400 fathoms.

Four specimens.

Station 162, off the Madras Coast, depth 145 to 250 fathoms. A

large number of specimens, the majority inhabiting Rostellaria shells,

some of which have an investing Hpizoanthus, others an Actinia.

The anterior portion of the carapace is slightly convex, with a

curved line on either side terminating behind the basal joint of the

antennal peduncle. The three frontal projections are slight, but the

median one exhibits a faint dorsal carina. The eye-stalks are stout,

with the upper surface slightly pubescent, and the corneae consider-

ably dilated. The ophthalmic scales are broad basally, but acute and

spinulous at the apex. The antennal peduncle only slightly exceeds

the eye-stalk ; the acicle is moderately curved, with its inner margin

dentate ; the external prolongation of the second peduncular joint is

spinulous. The antennular peduncle exceeds the eye-stalk by slightly

more than the length of the terminal peduncular joint.

The chelipedes are slightly pubescent, and yet glabrous, with the

terminal joints of the larger one regularly dentate. The right cheli-

pede has the merus provided with a serrated lobe on its lower distal

margin, while the upper margin is more faintly serrated, and the outer

surface is obscurely tuberculate. The carpus is considerably swollen

below, and all its projecting margins are dentate, the denticles being

best marked on the outer margin, and on the lower and inner margin.

The upper surface of the hand is regularly arched or convex from end

to end, the curvature showing clearly on the thin outer margin; both

inner and outer margins are regularly dentate, the thick inner margin

showing a double line of denticles. The upper surface of the hand is

smooth and glabrous, only a few minute granules being present, but it

is at the same time more or less pubescent. The fingers are strongly

* Ill. Zool. Investigator, Crustacea, pl. xxxii. fig. 4 (in preparation).

J. 1. 68

584 J. R. Henderson— Some “ Investigator” Paguridw. ([No. 3,

ineurved, and the upper margin of the dactylus is strongly dentate.

The left chelipede is slender and almost smooth, with the carpus con-

siderably longer than the hand, and the fingers about equal in length

to the palm.

The ambulatory legs are practically smooth, only afew marginal

hairs being present. The anterior margin of the meri is faintly tuber-

cular, and in some specimens there is a denticle at the anterior distal

end of the carpus. The dactyli are about one aud a half times the

length of the propodi. ’

The gills are biserial, without any trace of outer lamellae; the

inner lamellae are long and somewhat narrow, resembling those of

S. pilimanus, A. Milne-Edwards, as figured by Milne-Edwards and

Bouvier, in their Report on the ‘‘ Blake” Paguridae.

An adult male gives the following measurements :—

Length of body 500 soe ov ere

<i » right Bhelpades Bab one aos’ pe ee

» 99 left chelipede val 5x ose | agen

» » third right leg aos a oso, bp

» 9» eye-stalk Safe 54 coe eeueaaee

This species is closely allied 5 Gear apagurus gracilis, Henderson

(which is probably a Sympagurus), taken by the “ Challenger” off

Pernambuco, at a depth of 350 fathoms. It agrees with the latter in

the character of its eye-stalks, but the dilatation of the corneae is

somewhat greater in S. monstrosus. It differs, however, in the more regu-

lar denticulation of its hand, while this part is also considerably broader

in the ‘‘Challenger” species. It also bears considerable resemblance

to S. arcuatus, A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier, from the West Indies,

in which however, the larger hand is more distinctly granulated on the

upper surface, and the carpus presents a row of denticles on its upper

surface, bordering the articulation of the hand. Subsequent investiga-

tion may possibly show that all three species are identical.

UNDETERMINED SPECIES.

15. Clibanarius sp.

Great Sober Island, Trincomallee Harbour. Four small speci-

mens. "

The largest example measures only 20 mm. in total length, and all

are obviously very young. They probably belong to some common

litoral species.

16. Hupagurus sp.

Station 151, off the coast of Ceylon, depth 142 to 400 fathoms

1896. ] J. R. Henderson — Some “ Investigator” Paguride. 535

A female apparently adult, and a very young individual in shells

(Murex ?), overgrown by an Hpizoanthus.

The larger specimen has lost its abdomen, but the carapace mea-

sures 10 mm. in length.

Both the median and lateral frontal projections are prominent

and subacute, the median being somewhat better marked than the

lateral. The eye-stalks are rather short, while the narrow and acute

ophthalmic scales are separated by a somewhat narrow interval.

The external prolongation of the second joint of the antennal pedun-

cle, and the antennal acicle, are both well developed; the antennal

flagellum is not twice the length of the carapace, and is fringed with

long hairs.

The chelipedes and ambulatory legs have a dense covering of long

yellowish hairs on their upper surface. The right chelipede is stouter

but only slightly longer than the left; its fingers move in a horizontal

plane, and have horny tips. The carpal and propodal joints show a

few acute denticles scattered among the hairs on the upper surface.

The dactyli of the ambulatory legs are provided with yellow horny

apices.

I hesitate to describe this species under a new name as the singie

adult specimen is very incomplete, and it is impossible to ascertain

whether sexual appendages were present or not. If the species is an

Eupagarus, as is seems to be, it is probably new, and is chiefly charac-

terised by the form of its chelipedes, and the strongly marked

pubesceuce.

17. GutLAUCOTHOE.

Station 150, off the North Maldive Atoll, depth 719 fathoms.

A single example measuring about 20 mm. in length.

The right chelipede is granulated and considerably larger than the

left. The abdomen is slighly folded on itself perhaps accidentally,

but is not spirally twisted. The species agrees with G. peroni, Milne-

Edwards (Ann. Sci. Nat, t. XIX. p. 334, pl. VIII. 1830), in its un-

equal chelipedes, whereas in G. rostrata, Miers, and G. carinata, Hen-

derson, they are equal. It is distinguished from Milne-Edwards’ species

by the granulation of the larger chelipede, the presence of a rather

broad median frontal projection, and by the greater length of the

ambulatory (or possibly swimming) dactyli, which in Milne-Edwards’

figure are represented as about equal in length to the propodi, while in

our example they are fully one and a half times as long. Milne-

Edwards’ example was also considerably smaller. ,

Glaucothoé has been regarded both as an adult, and as an imma-

536 D. Prain— Indian Convolvulacee. [No, 3,

ture form, but the balance seems in favour of the latter view. No

trace of sexual openings cau be made out in the ‘ Investigator” speci-

men, nor do they appear to have been described in any of the previ-

ous records. It is apparently very rare, and it is difficult even to sur

mise what Pagurid it can be the normal larva of, so it may possibly

be an arrested larval form. If Miers’ theory as to the nature of

Grimothea gregaria, Leach, be correct, viz., that this Galatheid is merely

a pelagic larval form of Munida subrugosa (White), we would have a

similar parallel, but there is no evidence to show that Glaucothoé leads

a pelagic hfe.

Novicie Indice XIIf{. Further Notes on Indian Convolvulaces ; with

descriptions of three additional species.—By D. Prat.

[Recd. 24th June, Read 1st July. |

Since the presentation of the notes on Convolvulacee published as

Novicie Indice VIII, in August 1894, three more species have been

added tothe Indian Flora, Descriptions of these are now given for

the convenience of field-botanists and the present opportunity is taken

of adding notes regarding several species already dealt with.

1]. ERYCIBE Roxs.

10. ERYCIBE CORTACEA Wall.

While at work in the Prodromus Herbarium of M. Casimir de Candolle at

Geneva, the writer was able to compare examples of EH. fragrans (agreeing with

Wall. Cat. n. 1386) with the apparently unique specimen of H. coriacea Wall. (Cat.

n. 1337) which has not been lost but is safely preserved in the cover in which

M. Choisy had placed it. Its flowers are exactly identical with those of Wail. Cat.

_n. 1836 nor do its leaves differ sufficiently, in the writer’s opinion, to admit of the two

plants being treated even as distinct varieties.

15. HrycrBe Festiva Prain, Nov. Ind. viii. 76.

In the description, for ‘‘ cymes many-fid.”’ read “ cymes 7-12-fid.”

17. Hryctpe stricosa Prain; branchlets round densely covered

with a black adpressed tomentum, leaves rather long-petioled thinly

coriaceous glabrous above densely covered with a black adpressed

tomentum beneath, elliptic, base cuneate apex rather long-acuminate, -

lateral nerves visible beneath not above, cymes few-fld. in long narrow

axillary panicles with densely rusty tomentose rachis, peduncles and

pedicels.

Matay Puninsuna: Perak, at Taaipeng 500-800 feet eley., Kunstler

n, 846i ! ,

Bai

1896. ] D. Prain— Indian Convolvulacee. 537

A creeper 40-60 feet long with stems 1-2 in.in diam. Leaves 3-4 in. by 14 in.,

dark green aboye dark brownish-black beneath as are the branches; lateral nerves

5 pairs oblique, secondary veins not visible. Panicles 3-6 in. long, } in. wide, pedun-

cles of individual cymes { in. or less, pedicels short, bracteoles linear deciduous.

Sepals rusty pubescent, orbicular. Corolla-lobes apparently white, interlobular

portion brown tomentose externally, lobules ovate margins subentire. Frwit not

seen.

This species is very distinct from any of the others by reason of the black

tomentum on the leaves beneath.

29. RIVEA Cuoisy.

1. Rrvea ornata Choisy.

var. Griffith Clarke.

Further large suites of this very distinct variety (t.e., of Dr. Roxburgh’s

original Lettsomia ornata) have been brought to Calcutta fromthe Duars by Mr.

Haines. These make it more probable than ever that Koxburgh’s plant is specifically

distinct from Convolvulus candicans Roth. Mr. Haines has demonstrated that the

plant is quite common in the Sub-Himalayan region far to the Hast of the Sivoke

Sal Forest and that it extends at least as far as the Assam Frontier.

More interesting still is the fact that, since the previous paper was written,

Dr. King’s native collectors have sent large suites of specimens from, and report

the plant to be quite common in, the Southern Shan States. From no part of its

wide area, (from the Siyaliks to the Shan Hills) come any specimens showing

the. slightest tendency to connect Roxburgh’s plant with Roth’s one from Southern

India.

5. IPOM@A Linn.

21b. Ipomm@a sctinpica Stapf, Decades Kewenses ix, n. 87 in Kew

Bulletin, September 1894, 346; hairy, leaves triangular-hastate acute

or acuminate, cymes few-fid. often reduced to 1-2 flowers, axillary short-

peduncled, bracts short linear or linear-subulate, corolla small funnel-

shaped, capsule globose glabrous, seeds thinly grey-velvety.

Scinpe: Cooke!

Stems prostrate slender hispid. Leaves 2-23 in. long, glabrescent above, hirsute

but at length also glabrescent beneath; petiole 4-1 in. Pedwncles } in., sepals

2 in., in fruit tin. long. Corolla} in. long. Capsule } in. long.

Nearly related to I. eriocarpa but with glabrous in place of hairy capsules and

hairy in place of glabrous seeds; also to JI. Stocksii but with different hairs on

seeds and with very different leaves.

6. LEPISTEMON Buuvume.

2. LepisteMon LEIOCALYX Stapf, Decades Kewenses xviii, n. 172 in

Kew Bulletin, May 1895, 113; tawny-hirsute, leaves ovate-cordate

‘acuminate entire or casually obscurely 3-lobed, cymes congested umbel-

late, sepals ovate-votund quite glabrous, corolla urcevlate.

535, -” A. Alcock— New species of Branchipus. [No. 3,

TRAVANCORE : near Keni, in secondary forest, Bourdillon!

Stem scandent tawny-hirsute. Leaves 2 in. long, 14-24 in. wide, tawny-hirsute

as are the petioles 1-14 in. long. Peduncles 1-2} in., tawny-hirsute: cymes many-

fid.; pedicels 4 in. Calyx 2 in. quite glabrous. Corolla 4 in., yellow, tube urceolate

limb short; filaments glabrous ; basal processes papillose. Ovary 2-locular, locules 2-

ovuled; base surrounded by a deep disk.

_The presence of this genus in Southern India is interesting as the locality is

mid-way between its Malayan and its African habitats. The present species is

somewhat intermediate in structure as well as in locality between the wide-spread

African, and the almost equally wide-spread Indo-Chinese and Malayan species,

though it perhaps approaches more closely to the latter. Is is however abundantly

distinct by reason of its quite glabrous obtuse sepals.

9. CONVOLVULUS Liyy.

7b. CONVOLVULUS TENELLUS Stocks.

Add to localities of Novicize Indice viii. 102 :—

N.-W. Himataya: Kashmir, Bargila, Winterbottom !

It is interesting to find that this was collected in Kashmir by Winterbottom

during his 1847 journey; it is remarkable that no one has reported it from Kashmir

since.

Description of a New species of Branchipus from Calcutta.—By A. ALcocg,

M.B., C M.Z.S., Superintendent of the Indian Museum.

Plate X.

[ Received 19th August, 1896. ]

The species here described and figured was found in flooded rice-

fields near Calcutta, by Museum Hmployées Moti Ram and Seorutton.

Twelve males and six egg-laden females were taken.

It belongs to the section Streptocephalus of the genus Branchipus,

and is most closely related to Branchipus rubricaudatus, Klunziuger,

from the south coast country of Arabia, and, through the female, to

Branchipus torvicornis, Waga, from the neighbourhood of Warsaw.

Branchipus (Streptocephalus) bengalensis, n. sp.

The body in life is rather over an inch long, and is of a semi-

is bright red. Spirit specimens are a good deal shrunken, and are

uniform white.

Behind the head are twenty segments, namely, 11 thoracic, each with

a pair of swimming feet, and 9 abdominal, legless.

Kach fork of the tail is over one-eighth of an inch long, and has

beautifully plumose edges.

1896.] A. Aleock— Warning Colours. 539

The antennules are well developed, and the eyes are large globular

and stalked.

The “ rostrum” is a small fleshy foliaceous excrescence, situated in

front of the mouth, and furnished with a short median finger-like

papilla: its free edge is thus somewhat trilobed.

The antennz in the male are more than half as long as the body,

Their basal joint has on the ventral surface, at the distal end, a

curved rather rigid antenniform filament.

The doubly-curved second joint has (1) at its proximal end, dor-

sally, four curved flagella, one of which is much larger than the others

and has its concave edge serrated; and (2) along its outer and upper

surface a row of long acicular spinelets.

The third segment, which joins the second almost at a right angle,

bifurcates from its base into (1) a short upstanding (dorsad) branch,

and (2) an obliquely-directed (ventrad) branch. The outstanding

dorsad branch itself soon bifurcates into (1) a stout downcurved hooklet;

and (2) aslender slightly curved flagellum. The long ventrad branch

consists of (1) a slender basal piece; and (2) two long slender flagella :

the outer flagellum is elegantly curved and hook-like; the inner flagel-

lum, which has its dorsal edge armed with a row of short spinelets,

again bifurcates—the outer (longer) branch of this last bifurcation being

also curved and hook-like.

The antenne in the female form a pair of short broad leaf-like

lobes—usually with a thickened fleshy midrib—bending over the eyes

in repose, like curtains.

In the above description the antenne of the male are supposed to

be fairly well extended, not flexed in repose; and the animal is sup-

posed to be in morphological position, not swimming on its back as in

life. A male and an egg-laden female were liberated in the Museum

tank in the hope of establishing a supply of this large and beautiful

species.

An Instance of the Natural Repellent Effect of “‘ Warning Oolours.”’—By

A. ALCOCK, M.B., 0.M.Z.8., Superintendent of the Indian Museum.

[ Received 19th August, 1896. ]

The observation here recorded appears to be noteworthy as corro-

borative evidence in favour of the protective value of ‘“ Warning

Colours.”

I have in my possession a very docile young Himalayan bear, one of

whose most strongly marked appetites is for grasshoppers. He seizes

540 A. Aleock— Warning Oolowrs. [No. 3,

greedily, and crunches with every sign of relish, the common bright-

green and dull-brown giasshoppers found in Calcutta; and one of the

few displays of real ill-temper of which he has been guilty was occa-

sioned by my attempting to pick up a large grasshopper that had

dropped from his mouth.

Recently I offered him a specimen of the glaring-coloured and eyil-

smelling Aularches miliaris (Linn.) which, as soon as he smelt it, he re-

fused in a most comical way, but without any show of anger or violent

distrust.

(It may be re-called to memory that, in life, Avlarches miliaris has

the abdomen broadly cross-striped in alternate black and searlet, and

the forewings black with large canary-yellow spots, and also that it

secretes a most peculiarly pungent-smelling frothy fluid.)

A little after the first refusal I again forced the insect upon him,

when he stood up on his hindlegs and violently struck it out of my

hand, in exactly the same way as—after a single experience of their

nature—he is accustomed to treat the offer of a burning cigar-end or a

lighted match.

Whenever now I show him this grasshopper (Aularches miliaris), he

first endeavours to move off; but if he is compelled to face it, he rises

and strikes one’s hand such a hearty cuff that the insect is knocked

out of one’s grasp.

The bear also has certain amount of objection to a very large spiny-

legged species of Acridiwm and to a species of Huprepocnemis ur. robusta

Serv. with spiny legs, if these are offered to him alive and with their legs

intact. In these cases the dislike is not to the insect, but only to its hard

spiny legs, and it is not accompanied by any gesture of fear or appre-

hension—for it is these emotions, rather, perhaps, than blind anger, that

the bear’s cuff seems to be meant to express.

I may mention that the bear lives, as far as is possible, in a state

of nature: it is never confined, and is only chained up when nobody can

be spared to watch it.

I offer this note as a simple record of fact. So far as it goes it

appears to support the almost universally accepted though now by no

means unquestioned beliefs (1) that when an insect has been found by

experience to be unpleasant to (taste and) smell it has only to be seen

to be avoided: and (2) that any conspicuous markings that lead to the

immediate recognition of such an insect by eyesight and at a distance

are likely to be of such vital benefit to the insect as to be acted on by

Natural Selection.

— ee ~_

Cerne

a, 9 poe ‘ “ox PT - =

SISNHTIVONGE SNdlIHONV Ya

D. Prain— Some additional Solanacez. 541

Novicize Indice XIV. Some additional Solanacex.-- By D, Pratn.

[Recd. 24th June Read 1st July.]

The present paper contains descriptions similar to tliose in the

Flora of British India of a few species that have been recorded as

Indian since the account of the order contained in that work was

published,

1. SOLANUM Liv.

6b. Soranum Kurz Brace MSS. in Herb. Calcutta ; leaves irregu-

larly ovate, with subtruncate base acute apex and deeply triangularly

lobed margin, densely tomentose beneath, more sparingly above, ra-

cemes lateral 8-12-fld., calyx-teeth ovate-lanceolate, corolla violet-purple.

S. pubescens var.? lobata C. B. Clarke in Flor. Brit. Ind. ivy. 231.

S. pubescens Kurz ex C. B. Clarke loc. cit., not of Willd.

Sikxim; at 4000 feet elevation Z’. Thomson! King! Kuasta: G.

Mann!

A small tree (Thomson) quite unarmed; branches densely stellately woolly.

Leaves 3-4 in. long, 2—2°5 in. across; lobes °75—1 in. deep, ‘5 in. across, subacute or

acute, base unequally truncate stellately woolly, above sparsely beneath very densely ;

lateral nerves about 5 pairs prominent beneath ; petiole 1~1'25 in., densely stellately

woolly. Racemes densely woolly, peduncles 1 in. pedicels ‘25-6 in. Calyx shortly

campanulate, lobes “15-2 in. in flower, °25 in. in fruit. Corolla violet-purple

(Thomson) *5 in. across, closely tomentose without. Berry ‘4 in. in diam. globose

smooth.

This very distinct species appears to be rare. It was first collected by Dr.

T. Thomson in 1857 and again by Dr. G. King in 1874, both times in Sikkim ;

Mr. Gustay Mann collected it in the Khasia Hillsin 1877. No other botanist

appears to have met with it before or since in either locality.

The solitary specimen seen by Mr. Clarke had no fruit; it was therefore

referred tentatively in the Flora of British India to 8. pubescens. Mr. Brace, when

Curator of the Herbarium at the Royal Botanic Garden, having seen excellent

fruiting specimens collected by Dr. King was able to decide that the plant

is a distinct species; he has noted it as intermediate, in his opinion, ‘‘ between

8. verbascifolium and S. pubescens.”

7, SOLANUM SUBTRUNCATUM Wall.

Add to localities of F. B. I. :—

Matay Peninsuna: Perak, Kunstler n. 4709! n. 10260! Wray n.

3409! 3968! Scortechini !

16. SonANnuM BARBISETUM Nees.

var. Griffithii, var. nov.; all parts densely shortly softly stellate

woolly.

Assam: Grifith n. 5911/1 [K.D.]! Jenkins! Upper Burma: at

Poneshee, J. Anderson !

J. 11. -69

542 D. Prain-—— Some additional Solanacee. [No. 3,

In general appearance and in leaves this resembles 9. indicum just as much as

typical S. barbisetwm resembles S. feroz ; so unlike are the two plants that it is at

first sight difficult to realize that they are conspecific. The calyx, corolla and fruit

are, however, exactly alike in both.

17. Sonanum KHASIANUM Clarke.

Add to localities of F. B. I. :—

Naga Hiuuts : Kohima, etc., common ; Watt! Clarke! Prain! Urever

Burma: Maymyo, King’s Collector! Hotha; J. Anderson !

23b. SoLANUM SISYMBRIIFOLIUM Lamk Iilust. 2386 ; glandular hairy ;

leaves oblong pinnatifid or 2-pinnatifid prickly, peduncles extra-axillary

and terminal many-fid.; berry subglobose glabrous, when young oyer-

topped by the inflated 5-angled often armed calyx-tube which ultimately

becomes reflexed and exposes the edible fruit. Dwnal, Sol. 252 and

in DC. Prodr. xiii. pt. 1. 326. 8. inflatum Hornem. Hort. Hafn.i. 221.

S. Balbisii Dun. Sol. 232; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2568, t. 2828.

Lower BENGAL: occasionally, as an escape, in waste places and on

river banks. NitGHiris: at Coonoor, apparently naturalized. KHAsra

Hints: at Shillong quite naturalized and rapidly spreading.

A villous viscous undershrub with simple gland-tipped hairs; prickles long

straight slender subulate yellow or reddish-yellow. Leaves 6-12 in. long, 4-7 in.

wide, lobes acute sinuate-dentate the terminal exceeding the others, softly sub-

viscously hairy, lateral nerves 4-5 pairs prominent, like midrib beneath, beset with

long hairs and armed on both surfaces; petiole 1‘5-7 in. slightly decurrent prickly.

Calyx 5-partite tube ovate cupular, lobes lanceolate acute sparingly armed. Corolla

1 in. across slightly hirsute externally, white or violet. Berry ‘5 in. diam., red.

A rather variable species, frequently cultivated, readily escaping and, at least

in the Khasia Hills, thoroughly naturalized. The form from Coonoor has yiolet

flowers, that usually met within Lower Bengal has white flowers. Both forms

are sent from Shillong but the form that has become so completely naturalized is

the white-flowered one. The berry in Indian specimens is always red. The species

is a native of S. America, but it has of late years been so frequently sent to Cal-

entta Herbm. for identification, with the remark that it conld not be found in the

Flora of British India, that a description is now given.

256. Souanum scinpicum Prain; all parts closely white woolly,

leaves ovate or elliptic irregularly sinuate or lobed without pricktes,

cymes lateral and terminal 6-8-fid., corolla blue, berry globose much

exceeding the calyx-lobes.

Curcu: Stoliczka! Scorxpu: Stocks! Cooke! Raseurana: Jessole

King! ;

An undershrub, stems and branches beset with short stout much com-

pressed and much recurved prickles; leaves ‘5-15 in. across irregularly

obtusely sinuate or lobed, base cordate, petiole *25-5 in. Peduwncles 1 in. and

slender pedicels ‘5 in. long always unarmed. Calyz-lobes ‘15 in. wide, triangular,

hardly enlarged in fruit. Corolla ‘6 in. across externally densely woolly, lobes

triangular almost as long as tube, Berry °3 in. indiam.; seeds ‘15 in. diam. smooth.

1896. } D. Prain—Some additional Solanacez. 543

This plant has long been known in Herbaria; it has been issned ag S. giacilipes

from Herb. Caleutta and as 8. indicum var. from Herb. Poona but obviously is not

referable to either species. .

Tt stands very nearly intermediate between §S. gracilipes and S. trilobatum.

With S. gracilipes it agrees in having the leayes unarmed and cordate at the base

and in having unarmed peduncles and pedicels; it differs in having more deeply

lobed leaves, more numerous flowers, broader and shorter calyx-lobes, shorter

stouter and compressed not conical prickles. With 8S. trilobatum it agrees in

haying lobed leaves and in having compressed prickles; it differs in having the

leaf-bases cordate; in having the leaves, peduncles and pedicels unarmed and in

being densely persistently woolly in all its parts.

In tomentum and general appearance it closely resembles 9. albicaule Kotschy

with which it agrees in flower and in fruit, But the leaves of S. albicaule are less

deeply lobed, and are rather narrower and more acute ; its prickles too are conical

as in S. gracilipes not compressed as in 8. trilobatum and S. scindicum. The whole

facies of S. scindicwm is quite unlike that of S. indicum, the other species with

which it has been compared; the prickles on the branches are much less recurved

in §. indicum; the leaves are armed on the nerves beneath in that species, and

the peduncles and calyx-lobes are beset with long straight slender prickles.

8. SCOPOLIA Jaca.

1. Scoroxta turtpA Dunal.

Add to localities of F. B. I. :—

Kamaon: Kutti valley, Duthie n. 3215! n. 5834!

10. HYOSCYAMUS Liny.

2b. Hyoscyamus reticunatus Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 257; cauline

leaves sessile ovate-lanceolate acute pinnatifid lobes acute, flowers

subsessile, calyx sparsely pubescent teeth large triangular mucronate,

corolla dirty yellow purple-veined. Dunal DC. Prodr, xiii. 1. 547;

Boiss. Flor. Orient. iv. 295. H. Camerarii Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem.

Petrop. iv. 38; Dunal, DC. Prodr, xiii. i. 547, H. pinnatifidus Schlecht.

Linnea (1843). 127.

British BeLvucwistaN: Quetta, Stocks! Lace! Duthie! Kurram

Vatiey: Aitchison!

Densely pubescent with short glandular tomentum and long white hairs inter-

mixed, Leaves 5 in. long, 1-15 in. wide. Lower pediceis in fruit 3 to ‘Sin. Calyz

in fower ‘65 in. teeth iongish triangular, in fruit 1:25 by ‘5 in. subcontracted in the

‘middle, teeth °5 in. long rigid. _ Capsule ‘5 in. in diam. seeds ‘05 in. in diam.

Nearest to H. niger but easily distinguished by its much larger calyx-teeth.

OOO OOeOEaer eer

JOURNAL

OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.

Vel. LXV. Part II—NATURAL SCIENCE.

No. I[V.—1896.

Notes on the action of Nitric Oxide on Alkalies—By A. Pepisr, F.R.S.,

and JYOTIBHUSHAN Buapuri, M.A.

[Received Oct. 5th, 1896; Read 4th Nov., 1896.]

Gaylussac* found that when nitric oxide was kept for three

months in contact with a concentrated solution of potash, it was resolv-

ed into one-fourth of the original volume of nitrous oxide gas, and into

nitrous acid, which latter combined with the potash. Cooke,+ Russellt

and Lampraik and others have also come to the same conclusion. They

have moreover found that nitrogen is in addition liberated. Sabatier

and Senderens§ more recently have also studied the action of nitric

oxide on metals and metallic oxides.

The action of nitric oxide on such substances as potassic or sodic

hydrate might take place in three directions. It is possible, that

| according to the analogous case of the action of nitrogen tetroxide on

potassic hydrate, which as is well known yields a mixture of an equivalent

amount of nitrite and nitrate, nitric oxide under the same circumstances

might yield equivalent amounts of nitrite and hyponitrite, according

to the equation :—

2NO+2 KOH=NOOK+NOK+H,0.

If this occurred the gas would be wholly dissolved by the alkali,

* Gm. 2, 378. + C. N. 58, 115. ft C. J. Trans. 32, 35 and 37,

§ Comptes Rendus. 114, 1429 and 1476; 120, 1158.

J. u. 70

ys51*

546 A. Pedler — Action of Nitric Oxide on Alkalies. [No. 4,

But if the nitrite only were formed the equation would be,

4NO+2KOH =2NOOK+N,0+4+ 8,0,

or out of eight volumes of nitric oxide, two volumes of nitrous oxide

would remain, and an absorption of three-fourths of the volume of the

gas would take place.

On the other hand, a direct combination of nitric oxide and the

hydrate with the formation of a single salt might oceur as in the

supposed case,

2NO+2KOH=N,0,K,+ H,O,

and thus the potassium salt of a nitrogen acid corresponding to hypo-

vanadic acid might be produced. In this case also, the whole gas

would combine with the alkali and no residual gas would be left.

The work done in the researches alluded to previously having given

no very positive proof as to whether either of the above reactions will

occur, a series of experiments was commenced and had been brought to

partial completion when salts of the missing acid, intermediate between

nitrous and hyponitrous acid and corresponding to hypovanadie acid,

were obtained by a totally different method by Dr. A. Angeli (Gazetta

Chimica Italiana, July 31, 1896), a summary of whose researches is

given in “ Nature” for August 20, 1896.

Angeli obtained the sodium salt of the new acid H,N,O; by the

action of hydroxylamine on ethyl nitrate in presence of sodium ethylate,

according to the equation :—

C,H,ONO,+ NH,OH =C,H.0H + H,N,O,.

As the problem was being attacked by us from a different direction,

and the results we had obtained appeared to point to the second of the

three possibilities occuring, namely the formation of a nitrite and free

nitrogen monoxide, while the potassium salt of the new acid does not

appear to be formed by the direct union of nitric oxide and potassium

hydrate, it is thought of sufficient interest to put some of the experi-

ments on record.

In order to study the action of nitric oxide on alkalies two

methods have been employed. In none of these experiments has solu-

tion of alkaline hydrate been used. In order to hasten the absorp-

tion the tubes containing the solid hydrate and the nitric oxide were

invariably heated to temperatures higher than 100°C, sometimes up to

400°C. The consequence was that the same absorption, which was

observed by Gaylussac and others to occur during three months, took

place in the course of ten to twelve hours. Some tubes, however, were

also exposed to the solar rays, but under these circumstances only: slight

absorption appeared to take place. The maximum absorption of nitric

oxide by the hydrate varied from two-thirds to three-fourths of the

1896.] A. Pedler— Action of Nitric Oxide on Alkalies. DAT

original volume of the gas, and in no case was the gas absorbed as a

whole, as would be required if the salt of the new acid were being

formed. Indeed in all cases, nitrogen monoxide was left, and this hence

showed that the potassium salt of the new acid was not formed.

The following will represent two typical experiments of the kind

made :—

28th Feb. 1895. (a) A thick combustion tube containing about 11

grams of freshly prepared soda lime, and approximately 50°4

c.c. nitric oxide, containing about 3°/, of free nitrogen, was

heated for 6 hours at 100-120° C, 18 hours at 200-210° C and

one hour at about 320°C. When cold it was opened under

mercury. The residual gas amounted to 15:2 cc. of which

about 2°1 c.c. was found to be nitrogen, and the remainder

nitrogen monoxide, thus —

Original vol. of NO dee OUT 2489 Ge

But as 2:1 cc. of nitrogen was found at the end of the experiment,

therefore 2°1 c.c.—1°5 c.c. or 0'6 ¢c.c. of nitrogen must have been

formed by the further decomposition of nitrogen monoxide.

Vol. of N,O+N formed from NO=15:2 c.c.—1°5 e.c.=13°7 c.c.

_ Vol, of N,O coe LRA SONG Mee,

Fe 489-137 352 ono

Contraction Nes CN :

or 72 per cent. of the gas had been absorbed, while theory requires 75 per

cent., the remaining 25 per cent. of the volume being nitrogen monoxide.

5th March, 3895. (b) Caustic potash was used and the tube was

heated for 13 hours to 200°C. Out of 48 6c. 283 c.c. of

gas remained behind. On treating with a concentrated solution

of ferrous sulphate only 146 c.c. of what appeared to be pure

nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen remained.

48:6 x38

Original vol. of nitric oxide .. 486— 100 =47-1 c.c. pure NO.

Vol. of unacted on nitric oxide ... =28'3 c.c.—14°6 c.c.=13°7 c.c.

- Vol. of NO taking part in the

reaction des 47-1 c.c.—13°7 c.c.=33"4 cc.

Vol. of nitrous oxide and nitrogen

from nitric oxide 146— 15=13ec.

833°4—13°1 Len

Contraction ae 33-4

A contraction of 61 per cent. or nearly two-thirds of the volume.

In the second method the action was’ observed in a silver boat

within an open tube heated in a combustion furnace or tube heater.

548 N. C. Nag— Notes on New Salts of Cobalt and Nickel. [No. 4,

The fused alkali, which to begin with was white, turned faintly yellow

and became distinctly crystalline as absorption went on. After the ab-

sorption had been completed, in a solution of the substance formed, silver

nitrate gave the characteristic precipitate of silver nitrite. A quantita-

tive determination of the silver salt gave 70°4 instead 70'1 per cent. of

silver, showing that it was silver nitrite.

Experiments have already been made with the hydrates of sodium,

potassium, barium and calcium and with soda lime, and apparently the

same action occurs in each. It is interesting to observe that anhydrous

sodium carbonate when heated just to low redness in a current of

nitric oxide also gives asmall quantity of sodium nitrite. We reserve

the full details of the experiments for a future communication.

Notes from the Chemical Laboratory of the Presidency College, Calcutta.

Notes on New Salts of Cobalt and Nickel.—By NacenorRA CHANDRA

Nac, M.A. Communicated by ALEX. Papier, F.R.S.

[Received 22nd September, 1896 ; Read 4th Noyv., 1896. }

While examining some samples of bromine, last March, some

bromine, mixed. with solution of potassium bicarbonate, was added to

cobalt chloride solution, with the expectation that it would give a

precipitate with the cobalt, but contrary to experience a green solution

was formed of a colour just like that of nickel salts. A green cobalt

salt solution was naturally very striking, and an attempt was made to

isolate this compound.

While the experiments were proceeding, a paper was read before

the Chemical Society in London, on April 23rd, 1896, by R. G. Durrant,

who had noticed the same formation of a soluble green cobalt salt.

The abstract of this paper is published at page 96 of the Proceedings, of

the Chemical Society for 1896, but though several numbers of the Jowrnal

have since appeared, no full description of these experiments has been

published. In the abstract the green substance is conjectured to be a

cobaltate or cobaltic acid H,CoO,, and the probable reaction from

hydrogen peroxide, which was the process used, is given as :—

CoCO,+,H,O, = H,CoO,+ CO,+ H,0-

In the absence therefore of any fuller published information, and

as the compound obtained here was produced by a slightly different

process to that used by Mr. Durrant, a few particulars of the work

done are placed before the Society.

To get the product free from potassium chloride, it is best to take

1896.] N. C. Nag— Notes on New Salts of Cobalt and Nickel. 549

cobalt carbonate precipitated with potassium bicarbonate, and then to

add to it a solution of potassium bicarbonate in excess and afterwards

bromine; there is a rapid effervescence of earbon dioxide, while the

- pink precipitate of cobalt carbonate gradually goes imto a solution of

green colour. That the new compound is not a compound of bromine

is seen from the fact that when a concentrated solution is shaken with

alcohol and ether, the new compound, with excess of potassium bicarbo-

nate settles down immediately and adheres to the bottom of the vessel,

while the colourless solution with the whole of the bromine in the state

of bromide, &c., can be poured off, leaving the new compound with the

excess of potassium bicarbonate free from bromine compounds. But

after this extraction with alcohol, the substance is liable to decomposi-

tion even in watery solution, probably due to the presence of adhering

alcohol. Use of filter papers with the substance is also not at all sufe ;

both of which facts point to the compound being of a highly oxidising

nature, and easily decomposable by organic substances. All attempts to

isolate the substance have hitherto failed.

The compound seems to be an oxidation product corresponding,

possibly, to the ferrates. If the aqueous solution of the new compound

with the excess of potassium bicarbonate after extraction with alcohol

and ether be left for some time, the solution as it becomes reduced exhi-

bits dichroism, due probably, to the presence of a violet coloured precipi-

tate which comes down. ‘lhe green solution when treated with yellow

ammonium sulphide or sulphuretted hydrogen, first gives a dark brown

solution, probably going to a lower oxidation product, and then becomes

further reduced and precipitated. Solution of ammonia, too, reduces the

substance, discharging the green colour, and giving probably cobalt-

ammonium compounds.

Attempts were made to prepare the corresponding nickel com-

pound, but they were unsuccessful.

Tf instead of adding potassium bicarbonate and bromine to cobalt

carbonate, sodium acetate and bromine be added, a dark brown solution

is obtained. The same process for nickel gives a solution of the colour

of potassium bichromate solution; but on boiling, a part of the nickel

salt comes down as a violet precipitate, whereas in the case of cobalt no

such precipitate comes down, These would seem to be lower oxidation

products than the one mentioned above ; for when to the brown cobalt

solution containing excess of bromine, potassium bicarbonate solution

is added, again the green solution referred to above is obtained. That

nickel should give only the lower oxidation product, and that, even this

should decompose on boiling is accounted for by the more basie nature

of nickel.

590 A. Alcock & F. Finn — Afghan-Baluch leptilia. [No. 4,

It is suggested that the formation of these salts may, possibly, be

represented by the following equations :—

(1) CoCO;,+2Br,+6K HCO; =K,CoO,+ 7C0,+ 4K Br +3H,0.

(2) (a) 6NiCO,+2CH,CO.ONa + 3Br, = Na,Ni,O, + 3NiBr,+

(CH,CO.O),Ni+ 6CO,,

(b) Na,Ni,O,+ (CH,CO.0),Ni=3Ni0,+2CH,CO-ONa.

It has been said above, that the nickel solution decomposes on

boiling, a part only of the nickel coming down, leaving a neutral solu-

tion of apple-green colour.

EEE eEEOESEeEESS*

An Account of the Reptilia collected by Dr. F. P. Maynard, Captain A. H.

McMahon, C.I.E., and the Members of the Afghan-Baluch Boundary

Comivission of 1896.—By A. Aucock, M.B.,C.M.Z.S., Superintendent

of the Indian Museum, and F. Fryn, B.A., F.Z.S., Deputy Superinten-

dent of the Indian Museum.

Plates XI-XV.

[Received 10th September, 1896; Read 2nd December, 1896. ]

The Reptiles mentioned in this paper were collected by the Mem-

bers of the Afghan-Baluch Boundary Commission, in the early part of the

present year,in the course of the demarcation of the boundary-line between

Baluchistan and Afghanistan. They include several extremely rare, and

two new, species of Lizards and two new snakes—a Lytorhynchus, and

a Viper which forms the type of a new genus,

The nature of the country in which they were collected is briefiy

described in the following introductory note by Dr. F. P. Maynard, L.ALS.,

who has also contributed field notes on the habits, colouration, ete., of

the several species.

All Dr. Maynard’s notes are enclosed between square brackets.

[1. Note on the Physical Features of the country traversed by the Com-

mission.—By Dr. F. P. Maynarp, I.M.S.]

[ Spintijha, where the collecting began, is 6050 feet above sea. level,

and is situated among the Khwaja Amran mountains south of Chaman.

There is here what is stated to be an earthquake crack running north-

east to south-west. It runs at right angles to the natural drainage of

the country, and is supposed to have opened and partially closed within

the memory of man. Captain McMahon had previously traced it as far

north as Murgha Chaman, and on this mission it was traced south

nearly as far as Nushki, a total length of about 100 miles. The rocks

on its western side are igneous and on its eastern sedimentary.

ii.

1896. ] A. Alcock & F. Finn— Afghan-Baluch Reptilia. ~ 551

From Spintijha we struck the Lora River, and followed its course

south to its termination in the plains of Shorawuk and Nushki. Game

was abundant all along the river and most of the birds obtained were

shot round about Sahib Zada Kili, a village at the northern end of

Shorawuk, which isall Afghan territory. Near this village the waters of

the Lora river are diverted into irrigation channels, and used for turn-

ing wheat-grinding mills. In February, at the time of our visit, wheat

and barley crops were coming on well, and the plain appeared fertile.

This appearance was confirmed by the numerous large pukka built

villages, After leaving them we practically met with no more in-

habitants, a few nomad families being the only people we saw.

From Nushki onwards to Robat I, the country was of a more desert

character, and water was scarce. Barren rocky mountains alternated

with intervening sandy plains. We crossed the northern end of the

Lora Hamun. This is a large area of flat desert ‘pat’ which, having

been occasionally flooded with water, has become covered with a thin

saline coating, aud is now one huge white level plain about 36 miles by

10 miles in area. It is without vegetation save for an occasional low

bush. All the same some lizards were caught far from its edge, and we

had a magnificent three miles gallop after ‘gad’ (antelope) which

seemed to be fairly numerous and very wary and fleet.

Robat I is situated just south of the Koh Malik-do- iened, on the

bank of a small stream. This Koh is a remarkable granite mountain

with a double peaked top which gives it its resemblance to a double

crowned tooth,—the meaning of the nameit bears. Although there is

said to be a ziarat (shrine) on the summit of the blunter peak, its sides

are very precipitous and appear unscaleable, and rise straight up 2500

feet from the plain below, making the hill the most striking looking

object for fifty miles round. On some rocks at the foot were scratched

several rough sketches of ibex. Near the northern foot were some beds

of red and white marble. There was also a hot spring credited with

medicinal powers. The water contained chiefly sulphate of magnesium.

From Robat I to Robat II (the word robat signifying outpost and being

common all over Afghanistan), at the foot of the Koh-i-malik Siah, the

country is desert pure and simple. The route skirted along the northern

foot of successive barren mountain ranges and crossed alternate gravel

plains (dasht) and sand mountains. “Sandhill” does not describe these,

as they are not composed of sand entirely, but are really rocky hills that

have become buried insand. Vegetation was very scanty and water even

more so. Water was only met with in about seven places in the 270

miles, and was always saline and generally scanty, being found either in

springs or by digging wells.

552 ' A. Alcock & F. Finn— Afghan-Baluch Reptilia, [No. 4,

Two salt lakes were seen. The Gand-i-Zirreh, some 60 by 20 miles

in size, is formed by overflow water from the Helmund river. The last

flood was in 1884, but the lake is still very large. The water is intensely

salt from evaporation. At its western end the lake receives the Shelag

river, which is now dry, except near Godar-i-Shah, where a small salt

lake still exists in the river bed. We dug wells near its banks and

obtained very brackish drinking water. At Robat II, where Baluchistan,

Afghanistan, and Persia meet, are the remains of extensive old copper

smelting furnaces, and the hills round are said to be rich in metals.

The only inhabitants of the desert plains seemed to be wild asses

and lizards. Inthe different mountain ranges, Sultan Koh, Kacha

Koh, etc., were seen ibex, markhor and oorial, but a few ibex only were

obtained. The Sultan Koh are rich in assafcetida, sulphur and some

dyes. :

We experienced great variations in the way of climate. . In Febru-

ary, while still among the Khwaja Amran and Sarlat mountains, the

cold was intense. The thermometer was 15°5° below freezing point,

and frozen soda-water, bath water and bread were common occurrences.

Snow and hail fell frequently. Later on, in April and May, the heat

was equally intense. Shade temperatures read up to 115°, and the

solar radiation thermometer often registered 205°, the highest point to

which the instrument could rise. Violent dust and sand storms occurred

daily and “dust devils” literally swarmed. I have counted as many as

twenty-six in sight at one time. They varied in size from tiny ones 18

inches high by two or three inches in diameter up to real whirlwinds, a

hundred yards across and nearly a quarter of a mile in height, advancing

ina grand and destructive manner, whirling everything along with them.

Even comparatively small ones were much dreaded and left a line

of fallen tents and scattered contents in their track whenever they

passed through the camp. They invariably revolved the reverse way to

watch hands and behaved generally as miniature cyclones. Mirdges

were common, and some of the best were seen in the early chill

mornings before the sun had risen, or just as it rose. In the absolute

sandy desert a red haze was noticed round the moon: not a halo, but a

diffused redness, more intense near the moon, and fading away very

gradually into the surrounding sky. It was particularly well marked

after sandstorms. The dryness of the air in the desert was extreme,

the difference between the dry and wet bulb thermometers being fre-

quently 30° to 40°. Thanks to the unusual rain in February—there had

been none for two years previously—the hot weather was much delayed,

and this it was that enabled the Mission to stay as late as it did. When

leaving Robat I in the middle of May, the hot west winds were just

;

1896.] A. Aleock & F. Finn— Afghan-Baluch Reptilia. 593

beginning to blow. Usually they begin early in April, and the inhabi-

tants much dread their terrific heat, which they say shrivels everything

up, and compels them to remain shut up in their tamarisk houses all

day. Our slight experience of them before they had reached their full

strength quite bore out these statements, and made us very thankful to

_ get out of the country and back to civilisation. The 307 miles march

from Robat I back to Quetta (done in 143 days including two days’

halts) was very trying indeed.

I take this opportunity of thanking Captain McMahon, C.LE.,

British Commissioner, Captain H. F. Walters, 24th Baluchistan Regi-

ment, Mr. G. P. Tate, Survey of India, Lieutenant F. C. Webb-Ware,

7th Bombay Lancers, Mr. Nicol Cumming, Head Clerk, Mir Shamshah,

Faqir Ahmed, and others with the Mission for their enthusiastic help in

collecting. |

2. List of the Species Collected.

In this list the principal reference in every case is intended to be to

Mr. Boulenger’s Standard Volumes—the British Musewm Catalogue of

Reptiles, and the Reptilia and Amphibia of the Fauna of British India

Series. References are also given to citations of later date than the

date of publication of those volumes, and to species figured in Mr.

W. T. Blanford’s Zoology of Eastern Persia, although the latter, of course,

are to be found in Mr. Boulenger’s synonymies.

LACERTILIA.

Family Geckonide.

1. Teratoscincus scincus (Schleg.)

Teratoscincus scincus, Boulenger, Brit. Mus. Cat. Lizards, I. 12: Ann. Mag. Nat.

Hist. (vy) XIX. 1887, p. 384: Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. (ii) V. 1889, p. 94, pl. viii.

foot Er. ZS. L89L, p. 629:

Teratoscincus keyserlingii, Strauch, Mem. Ac. Sci. Petersb. XXXV. 1887, Art. 2,

p. 68: Boettger, Zool. Jahrbuch., Syst. etc., III. 1888, p. 878.

[Two specimens. One was caught by Captain McMahon, at 2:30

A.M. on a moonlight night, in the desert between Drana Koh and Zeh,

elevation 3000 feet. It ran in spurts from bush to bush and was diffi-

cult to catch. It was marked with ten broad black cross-bands on

the back and upper surface of the tail, with some reddish-brown scales

between: abdomen and throat white: head marked above with black

and dark brown. Skin very delicate and fragile —lke human skin to

the touch.

The other was caught near Robat I, on the sand by a stream.

The natives regard this species as poisonous. |

Oe, is) 71

504: A. Alcock & F'. Finn — Afghan-Baluch Reptilia. [No. 4,

2. Ceramodactylus affinis, Murray.

Ceramodactylus affinis, Boulenger, Brit. Mus. Cat. Lizards, I. 14.

Three specimens differing from the description (loc. cit.) in haying

five broken cross-bands across the dorsum, instead of four.

[Caught near Robat I. Colour in life the same as in spirit].

3. Stenodactylus orientalis, Blanford.

Stenodactylus orientalis, Boulenger, Brit. Mus. Cat. Lizards, I. 16: Fauna Brit.

Ind., Rept., p. 57, fig. 21.

Colours in spirit pale sandy ; a dark band along either side from the

snout, through the eye, to the thigh; dark brown reticulations on the

upper surface.

[Colours in life: three irregular yellow longitudinal bands, with

brownish-black stripes intervening, from top of head to tail: under

surface of body and limbs delicate pinkish. |

4, Gymnodactylus, sp.

Two small tail-less specimens, apparently near G. Kachhensis, Stol.

5. Agamura cruralis, Blanford.

Agamura cruralis, Bonlenger, Brit. Mus. Cat. Lizards, I. 50: Fauna Brit. Ind.,

Rept., p. 71, fig. 23.

[ Colours in life: five dark cross-bands with fawn-coloured bands

between : similar narrower bands on legs and tail: ventral surface white,

ehin and throat dotted with black. One caught at Kacha (elev. 3300

. ft.) was rich reddish sand-colour, with four dark cross-bands and nu-

merous round raised yellow spots on the back; tail with light and dark

bands above, yellowish white below ; belly white, throat finely speckled

with brown; head sandy-brown with fine yellow dots. Iris greyish

brown. It was noticed in this—and subsequently in several other

species—that there was no consensual reaction of the pupils to light:

each pupil contracted to light and dilated in shade independently of the

other, This species often bit fiercely at one’s finger. |

6. Agamura persica, Blanford.

Agamura persica, Boulenger, Brit. Mus. Cat. Lizards, I. 51: Trans. Linn. Soe.

Zool. (ii) V. 1889, p.95, pl. ix. fig. 2: Strauch, Mem. Ac. Sci. Petersb. XXXYV. 1887,

Art. 2, p. 58: Werner, Verh. Zool. bot. Ges. Wien, XLY. 1895, p. 14.

[Ten young specimens of all sizes caught alone whole line of

march. Nine brownish cross-bars on back; brownish cross-bars on

legs: general colour semitransparent: velvety to the touch. Iris with

1896. ] A. Alcock & F. Finn— Afghan-Baluch Reptilia. 550

a yellow inner margin. The youngest, which was caught at night, had

no definite colouration. |

Family Agamide.

7. Agama isolepis, Boulenger.

Agama tsolepis, Boulenger, Brit. Mus. Cat. Lizards I. 342: Trans, Linn. Soc.

Zool. (ii) V. 1889, p. 96, pl. x: Faun. Brit. Ind., Rept., p. 147, fig. 43.

[| A very common species all over the country after leaving Lijji

Talao.

In general the throat and the under surface of the body and thighs

were cobalt blue, fading in the dark but deepening in bright daylight ;

a round bright yellow spot, the size of a hemp-seed, on each side of the

neck behind the ear; iris brown. Brownish diamond-shaped spots on

the back gave the animal, when at rest, some resemblance to an Mchis.

Ali the specimens were caught on the ground, and though they some-

times hid under bushes, none were seen on bushes. In some specimens

egos were present. |

8. Agama nupta, De Fil.

Agama nupia, Boulenger, Brit. Mus. Cat. Lizards, I. 365: Faun. Brit. Ind.,

Rept., p. 151.

Stellio nuptus, Blanford, Zool. H. Persia, II. 317, pl. xix. fig. 1.

[Four specimens, three caught on black rock at the foot of Koh

Malik-do-khand, 5000 feet. Colour iron-black, in one alone the ventral

surface was white. The tails broke readily. ]

9. Phrynocephalus oliviert, Gray.

Phrynocephalus olivieri, Boulenger, Brit. Mus. Cat. Lizards, I. 371: Trans. Linn.

Soc. Zool. (ii) V. 1889, p. 96, pl. viii. fig. 2: Faun. Brit. Ind., Rept., p. 153, fig. 44:

F. Werner, Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, XLY. 1898, p. 16.

Not uncommon.

10. Phrynocephalus ornatus, Boulenger.

Phrynocephalus ornatus, Boulenger, Brit. Mus. Cat. Lizards, III. 496: Trans,

Linn. Soc. Zool. (ii) V. 1889, p. 97, pl. viii, figs. 83, 3a-c: Faun. Brit. Ind., Rept.,

p. 164.

[Thirty specimens. Common all along the line of march, from

Nushki onwards. |

11. Phrynocephalus maculatus, Anderson.

Phrynocephalus maculatus, Boulenger, Brit. Mus. Cat. Lizards, I. 877: Trans.

Linn. Soc. Zool. (ii) V. 1889, p. 97, pl. ix. fig. 3: Faun, Brit. Ind, Rept., p. 155,

Twenty-one specimens.

556 A. Alcock & F. Finn—Afghan-Baluch Reptilia. [No. 4,

12. Phrynocephalus euptilopus, u. sp. Plate XII.

Head much depressed, snout extremely short; a row of enlarged

projecting imbricate scales borders the supra-orbital region and extends

anteriorly nearly to the nasals; upper head-scales small, obtusely keeled,

not enlarged on occipital region ; nostril turned upwards; nasals in

contact or separated by one scale ; about three series of scales between

the orbit and the upper labials.

Dorsal scales small, homogeneous, imbricate, smooth or keeled,

not enlarged on vertebral region ; small projecting spinose scales on the

side of the head and neck; a fold along the flanks.

Gular scales pointed, smooth or very feebly keeled; pectoral and

ventral scales sharply mucronate, the former smooth or feebly keeled,

the latter smooth.

Scales on limbs smooth or keeled ; fringe at back of thigh not usually

present. Tibia longer than skull. The adpressed hind limb reaches the

eye or the snout. Toes very long, the second, third and fourth with pro-

gressively longer fringes of pointed scales on each side; on the fore-foot

the fifth also with a double fringe; remaining toes with a single fringe.

Tail depressed, tapering to a point, covered with keeled scales above

and at the tip; lower caudal scales for about the proximal half of the

tail smooth; the length of the tail about equals that of thé head and

body. :

Colours in spirit sandy, greenish on the head, spotted and vermien-

lated with blackish, more strongly on the sides aud limbs. Im all the

six specimens collected by the Mission there are some large black

roundish spots on the vertex of the head and on the anterior part of the

dorsum. Of these, five, situated one on the nape, and two on and two

just behind the shoulders, aré very large, and are constant. End of tail

black below and generally above.

A large specimen measures :—

Total length... 580 ss ss 48 in.

Head ae ‘sone

Width of head Sols

Snout to vent 245 5,

Fore limb 1-25 ee

Hind Lmb 505 2-0) oes

Tail 550 se 2°35

This species comes nearest to P. interscapularis, Lichtenst.

(Brit. Mus. Cat. Lizards, Vol. I, p. 378) but differs chiefly (actual

specimens compared) in the following points :—

1, The new species is very much larger.

1896.] A. Alcock & F. Finn — Afghan-Baluch Reptilia. 557

2. The pectoral and ventral scales are much more sharply

mucronate.

3. The digits are very much more strongly fringed.

4, The colouration is strikingly different.

| All six were caught in April, near Darband, elevation 3000 feet.

Darband is a small hollow in the sandy desert, with a couple of wells—

the only water for 80 miles.

The lizards were caught on reddish sand, into which, on being

approached, they wriggled with such rapidity that they were with

difficulty followed. Before burrowing into the sand one would some-

times sit and look at you, gently waving its tail in the air, like a cat

before making a spring. The colours have much faded in spirit. In life

the back was rich golden brown with the jet-black spots standing out

like velvet: the throat in one was lavender, in others salmon pink: the

belly was a beautiful silvery white. The upper surface of the limbs

presented a lovely golden sheen; the top of the head was metallic

green ; the distal half of the tail was black. |

13. Phrynocephalus luteo-quttatus, Boulenger.

Phrynocephalus luteo-guttatus, Boulenger, Brit. Mus. Cat. Lizards, III. 497:

Trans. Linn. Soe. Zool. (ii) V. 1889, p. 98, pl. viii. figs. 4, 4a-c: Faun. Brit. Ind

Rept., p. 155. EF. Werner, Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, XLV. 1895, p. 16.

Twenty-eight specimens.

14. Uromastix asmussvi, (Strauch).

Uromastiw asmussi, Boulenger, Brit. Mus. Cat. Lizards, I. 409.

Centrotrachelus asmussti, Blanford, Zool. HE. Peel, II. 337, pl. xxi.

Two specimens were brought down alive, but they did not thrive.

The largest measures just over twenty inches.

| Three others were caught but got away. When caught they were

very fat, and the colour of the back was buff with some of the enlarged

tubercles orange-colour. When kept in a closed box they turned to an

iron-grey colour and the orange faded entirely, but if removed into sun-

shine the original colour returned —at first rapidly, but after some weeks

captivity only after some hours’ exposure to light. The head and limbs

at all times were of a dull grey colour.

These lizards live in Jarge wide-mouthed holes in stony ground, at

the foot of the Kacha Koh. The burrows, which are altogether about

three or four feet long, run obliquely for the first foot or eighteen inches, |

and then bend sharply at a right angle. The tail of this lizardisa

formidable weapon: it is lashed out in defence, and it is probably used

to clear the ground while burrowing.

558 A. Alcock & F. Finn— Afghan-Baluch Reptilia. [No. 4,

The lizards were only to be seen either in the early morning or in

the evening: in captivity they avoided, aud appeared to dislike, the hot

sun. The natives assert that they eat snakes, which is unlikely.

Their stomachs were greatly distended with tamarisk usually. The

natives also extract from them an oil which is used for rheumatism and

as an aphrodisiac. It is said that the lizards sleep at the mouths of

their burrows, and that shikarris catch them by creeping up and break-

ing in the roof of the burrow with a large stone so as to block the

burrow from behind.

Family Varanide.

15. Varanus griseus ( Daud.)

Varanus griseus, Boulenger, Brit. Mus. Cat. Lizards II. 306: Trans. Linn. Soe.

Zool. (ii) V. 1889, p. 99: Faun. Brit. Ind., Rept., p. 163. Boettger, Zool. Jahrbuch.

Syst. etc. III. 1888, p. 904,

[ One, caught by a sepoy on the Shorawuk plain, was placed, when

brought in, near some dead snakes, which it at once attacked, biting

one of them savagely. Its colour was brick-red with dark greenish-

black cross-bands.

Another, 3 feet long, was caught under a bush near RobatI. It

made no attempt to escape, but attacked and bit my hunting-crop,

raising its head and body off the ground, pnffing itself out and hissing

loudly. It had greyish-green cross-bands on the back, with irregularly

disposed pink scales between, and a pink tinge on the throat. ]

Family Lacertide.

16. <Acanthodactylus cantoris, Gthr.

Acanthodactylus cantoris, Boulenger, Brit. Mus. Cat. Lizards, III. 61: Trans.

Linn. Soc. Zool. (ii) V. 1889, p. 99: Faun. Brit. Ind., Rept., p. 170. Blanford, Zool.

E. Pers. II. p. 381, pl. xxvi. figs. 3, 3a-b. Werner, Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, XLY-

1895, p. 16.

Nineteen specimens.

[Common west of Barabchah. In one specimen the back was

brown with a metallic sheen; in another, uniform brown, finely

grained. |

17. Hremias guttulata, (Licht.)

Eremias guttulata, Boulenger, Brit. Mus. Cat. Lizards, III. 87: Trans. Linn. Soe.

Zool. (ii) V. 1889, p. 99: Faun. Brit. Ind., Rept., p. 177: P. Z. S. 1891, p. 630:

T. Z. 8, XIII. 1891, p. 182. Werner, Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, XLIV. 1894, p. 82

and XLY. 1895, p. 16.

Nine specimens.

1896. ] A. Aleock & F. Finn— Afghan-Baluch Reptilia. 559

[ Found the whole way from Nushki to the Persian border. They

ran fast from bush to bush, and entered holes. The brownish colour

they had when fresh has faded in spirit. }

18. Hremias velox (Pall.)

Eremias veloz, Boulenger, Brit. Mus. Cat. Lizards III. 97: Trang. Linn. Soc.

Zool. (ii) V. 1889, p. 99: Faun. Brit. Ind., Rept., p. 178. Boettger, Zool. Jahrbuch.,

Syst. etc., III. 1888, p. 910. Werner, Verh, zool. bot. Ges. Wien. XLV. 1895, p. 16.

Eremias persica, Blanford, Zool. EH. Pers. Il. p. 370, pl. xxvi. figs. 1, la.

Eleven specimens.

[ The majority were caught at Panjpai, not far from Quetta. These

ran very sluggishly, and made for bushes. |

19. Scaptira scripta, (Strauch.)

Scaptira scripta, Boulenger, Brit. Mus. Cat. Lizards, III. 112. Boettger, Zool.

Jahrbuch., Syst., etc., III. 1888, p. 914.

Three specimens.

[ One, obtained by Captain McMahon on the sand hills between

Soru and Darband, 3500 feet, had a miuute black mosaic pattern over

the back: the abdomen was white: the upper surface of the limbs was

black with small round yellow spots. |

20. Scaptira aporosceles,n. sp. Plate XIII.

Snout conical, acutely pointed; loreal region nearly vertical.

Nasals slightly swollen, lower not reaching the rostral, but approaching

it closely; upper forming a long median suture. Frontal strongly

grooved throughout, the groove continued along the vertex of the snout

to the anterior end of the fronto-nasal; three large supra-oculars, form-

ing sutures with each other, the first in contact with the first supraci-

liary, the second loreal, the praefrontal, and generally the frontal; the

second aud third completely surrounded by a series of granules, separat-

ing them from the supraciliaries, the fronto-parietals, the frontal, the

first supra-ocular, and the small band-like posterior supra-ocular ; one of

these granules commonly develops into a small shield separating more

or less completely the first supra-ocular from the frontal. Interparietal .

lozenge-shaped ; no occipital; parietals forming a suture behind the

interparietal ; no enlarged scales on the outer border of the parietals;

temporal scales granular, smooth ; no auricular denticulation ; subocular

not reaching the lip, resting usually on the sixth, seventh and eighth,

or fifth, sixth, and seventh, upper labials; the first two pairs of chin-

shields and generally the third pair also, in contact.

560 A. Alcock & F. Finn— Afghan-Baluch Reptilia. [No. 4,

Collar nearly straight, the marginal scales feebly enlarged. Dorsal

scales minutely granular, smooth, equal. Ventrals equilateral or longer

than broad, forming oblique longitudinal series; about 35 transverse

series, the longest of which contain about 22 plates.

Prae-anal plate single or divided.

_ The adpressed hind-limb reaches about to the ear or the eye; foot

about as long as the distance between the arm and the nostril. Digits

flattened, smooth or keeled inferiorly, strongly fringed laterally; the

ungual lamellae much enlarged, forming a suboval disc: a series of

large sub-tibial shields. No femoral pores.

Caudal scales smooth or more or less feebly keeled. Tail about

once-and-a-half to twice length of head and body.

One specimen has the anterior loreal on each side double, or rather

two small shields are cut off laterally from the fronto-nasal. The

subocular may be in contact with two labials only.

Colour in spirits blackish, spotted with whitish; tail blackish

above, with ill-defined light median streak; head brownish grey,

speckled with black ; lower surface white.

A large specimen measures :—

Total length

Snout to vent

Head Bee

Width of head

bo 0

bd IO KF oom «1 O

Snout to fore limb tT

Fore limb if: a

Hind limb Ay Swi

Tail o25. >

__ This species is nearest to S. acutirostris, Boulenger, (Brit. Mus. Cat.

Lizards, Vol. II], p. 114) but differs (on comparison of actual speci

mens) from that species in the following characters:—In the new

species—

1. The lower nasal shield approaches the rostral more closely than

it does in S. acutirostris.

2. The vertex of snout (frontal, praefrontal, and fronto-nasal

regions) is very much more deeply grooved.

3, The prae-anal plate, which in the new species may be either

single or divided, is also relatively very much smaller than

in S. acutirostris.

4. The fringing of the digits is much more distinct than in 8.

acutirostris, and ,the ungual lamellae form much broader

disks than in that species.

av ONS

Plate XI,

—

MMISSION OF 1896.

oa —— gummi

eeetr oEN /

| 734 SX ce

3477 Wie AE

r :

A anjpai

nye cee

—

———— SR eee

Karman Dege

—SS=z SS ——————— SS rs a rs a

616"

Reg. No. 609, R. &A.—Jant

Litho., S. I. O., Calcutta.

Reg. No. 712, As. Soe.—Ja.

Map sho

bing roughly

THE ROUTE TRAVERSED BY THE BALUCH-AFGHAN BOUNDARY COMMISSION OF 1896,

Scale 1 Inch = 40 Miles.

Plate XI,

tay

Sekhoha‘o

(748s

TTS

Nyy)

°Garmushki

Sdrgu Hil

stant

ShistdSur %

Koh -i-Malik Sjahi

Koh Malik Dokhand

‘aay Robatl.

off R

Mehrab Nawar) I

Koh

Karman Desens:

jEA tateon sees Sorapy

“S ose

Galechah

8 aa dy

7 os

Desert

————S—

6/3

Bas. No. 600, Bx A—Jan. 97-340,

RakNoT19, As. Soe san, 97.— 809,

Main line of march. ——________

Places visited... .. -

Litho,, §. I 0., Calcutta.

1896. PLATE XiT

HX,

A.C.Chowdhary del. et. lith,

5 meee o OCE PAL US: | RU PT OPUS:

8 F Finn J.A.S.P. Vol. LXV; Pt. 2 1896. - PLATE XIL

= =

ZF =,

LEAS

TERE

Nia

S.C.Mondul del. et. hth:

SCAPTIRA APOROSCELES.

Plate

-Finn J.A.S.B. Vol. LXV. Pt.2. 1896.

Aleock and F

eacisieab bess tein daa

1b.

LY TORHYNCHUS MAYNARDI

A. Chowdhury de] et Jath.

PLATE XV.

Lith: by S.C.Mondul.

ERISTICOPHIS MACMAHONIL

A.Aleeck & F. Finn J. A. S. B. Vol. LXV, Pt. 2. 1896.

A.C.Chowdhary del.

ry *

its

ry yy, > y ¥

hEWY ey ORK, : :

he CEUTHAL, FARK, $ |

rj Pe

TORAT, wai

1896. ] A. Alcock & F. Finn— Afghan-Baluch Reptilia. 561

5. The femoral pores, which in §. acutirostris are remarkably dis-

tinct, are absent in the new species.

Twenty-five specimens.

- [Common west of Robat I. Colours in life: back brownish yellow,

with lighter-coloured circular spots. Tails fragile. They ran very

fast, made for bushes, and entered holes. In general colouration they

resembled Phrynocephalus luteoguttatus. |

Family Scincide.

21. Ablepharus brandtii, Strauch.

Ablepharus brandti, Boulenger, Brit. Mus. Cat. Lizards, III. 351: Trang. Linn.

Soc. Zool. (ii) V. 1889, p. 100: Faun. Brit. Ind., Rept., p. 213. Boettger, Zool.

Jahrbuch., Syst., &c., III. 1888, p. 917.

Blanford, Zool. H. Pers. II. p. 391, pl. xxvii. figs. 1, la.

A single specimen.

22. Ophiomorus tridactylus (Blyth).

Ophiomorus tridactylus, Boulenger, Brit. Mus. Cat, Lizards, III. 394, Bull. Soc.

Zool. France, XII. 1887, p. 520: Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. (ii) V. 1889, p. 101: Faun.

Brit. Ind., Rept., p. 222, fig. 59, p. 221.

Highteen specimens.

[ Very common wherever there is sand, but they are hard to catch,

as they dive below the surface at the first sign of danger, working into

the sand as a snake goes into a hole. They can only be obtained by

following up the faint tracks that they leave on the surface of the sand,

and digging where the track comes to an end. They are said to be very

numerous round Chaman. They are in great request among the natives,

who fry them alive in a closed vessel and thus obtain from them a

burnt oil of nauseous appearance which is believed to be of great value

in impotence. | :

OPHIDIA.

Family Glauconiidee.

23, Glauconia blanfordi, Boulenger.

Glaucoma blanfordi, Boulenger, Faun. Brit. Ind., Rept., p. 248, fig. 72: Brit. Mus.

Cat. Snakes, I. 66.

[Two specimens found beneath a rock which was being lifted to

build the last boundary pillar, on the highest peak of the Koh-i-malik

Siah, 5000 feet, 16th April. They were of a pink colour in life, and

wriggled very actively. |

J. u. 72

562 A. Alcock & F, Finn—Afghan-Baluch Reptilia. [ No. 4,

Family Colubride.

24. Lytorhynchus ridgewayi, Boulenger.

Lytorhynchus ridgewayi, Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (v) KX. 1887, p. 418:

Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. (ii) V. 1889, p. 102, pl. xi. fig. 1: Brit. Mus. Cat. Snakes

I. 4165.

The sub-ocular (so-called) poison-gland is well developed, and is of

different consistence, to the naked eye, from the upper-lip gland.

[One specimen caught alive at Saindak, 3000 feet, had a note-

worthy resemblance to an Hchis carinata caught at the same time and

place. |

25. Lytorhynchus maynard, n. sp. Plate XIV.

Snout pointed, moderately long. Rostral large; viewed from

above it is anchor-shaped, the narrow beam of the anchor separating

the inter-nasals in about two-thirds of their extent, and the flukes of

the anchor embracing the nasals and first upper labials; viewed from

below it is shaped like a pointed shovel, the posterior edge of the shovel

being conspicuously notched in the middle line to receive a leaf-like

process of the mental shield. Nostril a long, narrow, oblique chink

A pair of pre-frontals : frontal not quite three-fourths the length of the

distance between its anterior edge and the tip of the snont, rather more

than three-fourths the length of the parietals, anteriorly more than

twice the greatest breadth of the supra-oculars. Two loreals, the ante-

rior small. A ring of small scales surrounding the eye, of which two

are pre-ocular, two post-ocular, and three subocular. Temporals 24+2,

the posterior hardly larger than the adjacent scales. Seven upper

labials, none of them entering the eye: ten lower labials, four of which

are in contact with the anterior chin-shields: mental trilobed, the

middle lobe fitting into the notch in the posterior edge of the rostral:

two pairs of chin-shields of about equal size.

Scales smooth, in nineteen rows, not including the ventral scutes.

Ventrals rather acutely angulated on either side, about 192: anal

divided: sub-caudals about 56.

Colours in spirit : cream-colour with a faint pinkish flush on the

dorsal surface, and with a close series of large transversely-oblong

brownish-black patches or bars: along either side a series of small

lighter spots alternating with the dorsal bars: frontal and parietals

almost entirely blackish-brown, the colour being continued down the

nape, in the middle line, as a broad stripe: a narrow dark line through

the eye and temple,

The largest perfect specimen measures at least fifteen inches, of

which the tail makes about 23 inches.

1996. A. Alcock & F. Finn—Afghan-Baluch Reptilia. 563

The subocular so-called poison-gland is well developed.

One of the specimens, although only about 5, in. in diameter at the

throat, has swallowed a Scaptira of our new species more than seven

inches long and nearly half an inch in diameter.

Four specimens.

[Near Robat I, 4500 feet,in May. The colour in life was striking,

the general colour of the upper surface being bright salmon with

blackish-brown bands. |

26. Zamenis diadema, Russell.

Zamenis diadema, Boulenger, Fauna Brit. Ind., Rept., p. 328: Brit. Mus. Cat.

Snakes, I. 411: Werner, Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, XLV. 1895, p. 18.

The subocular “ poison-gland”’ is very large.

[| Nine specimens caught between Lijji Talao and Barabchah, 2400

to 4500 feet. |

27. Zamenis Karelinii, (Brandt).

Zamenis karelinii, Boulenger, Faun. Brit. Ind., Rept., p. 326: Brit. Mus. Cat.

snakes, I. 401.

The subocular “ poison-gland”’ ig more than twice the length of

the eye.

28. Zamenis rhodorachis, Jan.

Zamenis rhodorhachis, Boulenger, Brit. Mus. Cat. Snakes, I. p. 398.

Zamenis ladacensis, Boulenger, Faun. Brit. Ind., Rept., p. 326.

The subocular “ poison-gland ” is large.

[Fifteen specimens hetween Gazichah and RobatI. None had

red stripes. Scales fine brown, with green edging. They were said by

the natives to be poisonous, but they were not fierce. |

29. Taphrometopum lineclatum, Brandt.

Coluber (Taphrometopon) lineolatus, Brandt., Bull. Ac. Sci. Petersb. III. 1837,

p. 243.

Taphrometopon lineolatwm, Boulenger, Brit. Mus. Cat. Snakes, III. p. 151

Blanford, Zool. HE. Pers. II. p. 422.

The subocular “ poison-gland”’ is well developed. The stomach of

one specimen contained a small passerine bird.

[Nine specimens between Barabchah and Robat, about 4500 feet.

The colour of one specimen in life was grey-yellow with fine black dots

in two rows along the back: a black line running backwards from

each eye. |

564 A. Alcock & F. Finn— Afghan-Baluch Reptilia. [No. 4,

Family Viperidae.

ERISTICOPHIS, n. gen.

Head very distinct from neck, covered with small feebly-imbricate

scales: eye small, with vertical pupil, separated from the labials by

small scales: nostril directed upwards and outwards, forming a valvye-

like slit at the summit of an enlarged nasal, the nasal separated from

the rostral by an enlarged rostro-nasal shield. Body cylindrical, scales

in 23 to 24 rows, with simple (1.e.,. non-serrated) keels, the keels not

extending to the tip of the scales: lateral scales varying in size, not or

hardly smaller than the dorsals, and hardly oblique: ventrals with a

well-defined keel on either side. Tail short, sub-caudals in two rows.

In Mr, Boulenger’s Key (Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus. Vol. III. p. 465)

this form finds a place in Section II, with Vipera, Hchis, Cerastes, &e.

Tt does not, however, fit into any of the three sub-sections of the Key ;

since, while it has the lateral scales not, or not noticeably, smaller than

the dorsals, and the keels of the scales not serrated, and the sub-candals

in two rows, it has the ventrals angulate laterally—more sharply

angulate even than Cerastes.

We are indebted to Mr. G. A. Boulenger, F.R.S., for the opinion

that this Viper is worthy of generic rank.

We are also much indebted to Mr. Boulenger for facilities afforded

to one of the authors of this paper for comparing specimens.

30. LHristicophis Macmahonii, u. sp. Plate XV.

Snout square, even emarginate by reason of the projection of its

wing-like angles and of the slight dorsal concavity of the middle line.

The rostral region is covered by 5 scales, the surfaces of none of which

are visible from above: these scales are disposed as follows :—(1) a

true rostral bounding the mouth, concave, horse-shoe-shaped, from two

to three times as broad as high; (2) above and on either side of la

pair of pear-shaped scales with projecting edges and concave surface,

forming the wing-like angles of the snout; (3) between 1 and 2, a pair

of little scales hardly differing from those that form the general invyest-

ment of the head. The tips of these last are sometimes visible from

above.

Nostrils large, valvular, directed upwards and backwar ds, pierced

in the upper and posterior angle of a large nasal.

Scales of the head hardly imbricate, strongly carinate, none of them

enlarged except one above either nostril and one at either outer angle

of the snout; in thirteen or fourteen very irregular rows between the

eyes: four series of scales between the eye and the upper labials: at

least five rows of scales between the nostril and the eye.

1896. ] A. Alcock & F. Finn—Afghan-Baluch Reptilia. _ 565

Fourteen or fifteen upper labials slightly increasing in size from

before backwards: sixteen to eighteen lower labials, the first three or

four times as large as the second, the rest slightly decreasing in size

from before backwards: a pair of chin-shields, separated, especially

posteriorly, by a distensible scaleless space: mental acutely triangular.

Scales of the body strongly keeled, arranged in very regular

transverse rings, 23 to 24in each ring, not including the abdominal

scute. Although the scales are imbricate, yet their imbrication is

rendered obscure by the presence of a good deal of naked skin both

between the rings and between the individual scales of each ring.

Ventrals about 140 to about. 150, conspicuously angled on either

side.

Tail about half again as long as the head, with sub-caudals in two

rows, on about the distal half becoming quite similar to the rather

strongly imbricate scales on the other surfaces of the posterior half

of the tail. The tip of the tail is formed by a single conical scute.

Colours in spirit: dull dirty sandy grey, with a row of small black

and white blotches (seldom involving more than 2 or 3 scales) alone

each side, these being much more distinct in the young: some dark

peppering above and at the sides, also most marked in the young.

The length of the largest perfect specimen is about two feet.

Six specimens.

[Amirchah, 30th March, 3300 feet, Zeh, Ist April, 2500 feet,

Drana Koh, 2nd April, Robat I., May, 4300 feet. The largest, measur-

ing 25'5 in., was heard making a very loud continuous hissing, as we

left Camp Drana Koh at night; and it raised its head six or eight

inches from the ground and struck at my stick when, after searching

for it with a lantern, I advanced to kill it.

All were found on sand with which their colours harmonized well.

In confinement they fed freely on lizards, but did not live long.

In life they were of a rich reddish sandy brown colour, and the

spots along either side of the back were dark brown with a nearly-

complete white marginal ring. |

31. LEchis carinata (Schneid. )

Echis carinatus, Boulenger, Brit. Mus. Cat. Snakes, Vol. III. p. 505.

Echis carinata, Boulenger, Faun. Brit. Ind., Rept., p. 422. Matschie, Zool.

Jahrbuch., Syst., etc., V. 1890-91, p. 617. Peracca, Boll. Mus. Torino, IX. 1894,

No. 167, p. 17.

[Common along the line of march from Lijji Talao to the Persian

Frontier. |

566 ¥. Finn— Afghan-Baluch Birds. [No. 4,

We should like to mention here that Dr. Turnbull and Colonels

Holdich and Wahab, who were delimiting the Perso-Baluch Frontier

simultaneously with the operations of the Afghan-Baluch Commission,

also made a small but valuable collection of Reptiles. Among these,

besides many of the species already mentioned, were two fine specimens

of Agama megalonyx Gimther, and a large specimen of Lyforhynchus

ridgewayt Boulenger.

We may also note here that Hublepharus macularius Blyth, has

been found in a small collection from Chitral made by Assistant-

Surgeon F. J. Daly.

List of the Birds collected by the Afghan-Baluch Boundary Commission of

1896.—By F,. Finn, B.A., F.Z.8., Deputy Superintendent of the

Indian Museum.

[ Read December 2nd, 1896. |

Dr. F. P. Maynard brought home from the Afghan-Baluch Boun-

dary expedition a fine series of well-preserved bird-skins, but as they

all belong to well-known species I shall confine myself to giving a

nominal list, in which I f6éllow the nomenclature and arrangement of

the Bird volumes of the Fauna of British India series so far as these

have progressed, and elsewhere as far as possible those of the British

Museum Catalogue,

For a general account, with map, of the country traversed,

the account of the Reptiles collected by the Commission, appearing in

the present number of the Society’s Journal, (Vol. LXY. Pt. II. No. 4.

p. 550) may be consulted. Herein Dr. Maynard’states that most of the

birds were shot round about Sahib Zada Kili, a village at the

northern end of Shorawuk, in Afghan territory.

Dr. Maynard also informs me that most of the specimens were

obtained by Lieutenant F. C. Webb-Ware of the 7th Bombay Lancers,

Inst of the species collected.

1. Corvus corax. 7. Pratincola maura.

2. Corvus wmbrinus. 8. Sazicola albinigra.

3. Pica rustica. 9. Sazxicola deseriz.

4, Prinia lepida. 10. Rutictila erythronota.

5. Lanius vittatus. ll. Ruticilla rufiventris.

6. Lanius isabellinus. 12. Cyanecula suecica.

1896. ]

F. Finn—Afghan-Baluch Birds. 567

13. Rhodospiza obsoleta. 39. Pterocles arenarius.

14, Hmberiza buchanant. 36. Pterocles coronatus,

15. Ptyonoprogne obsoleta. 37, Caccabis saxatilis chukar.

16. Motacilla alba. 38. Ammoperdia bonhami.

17. Motacilla personata. 39. Houbara macqueenti.

18. Motacilla feldeggit. 40. Cursorius gallicus.

19. Motacilla citreola. 41. Sarcogrammus indicus.

20. Alaemon desertorwm. 42. Hurypterus lucurus.

21. Galerita cristata. 43. Ochthodromus geoffroyi.

22. Dendrocopus sindianus. 44, Ochthodromus mongolus.

23. Coracias garrula. 45. Aegialitis dubia.

24. Upupa epops, 46, Himantopus himantopus.

25. Caprimulgus mahrattensis. 47, Helodromas ochropus.

26, Athene bactriana. 48. Gallinago gallinago.

27. Neophron ginginianus. 49, Tachybaptes minor.

28. Milvus migrans. 50, Casarca rutila,

29. Cvrrcus macrurus, dl. Anas boschas.

30. Buteo ferozx, 52. Mareca penelope.

31. Accipiter nisus. 53. Nettion crecca.

32. Tinnunculus alaudarius. 04. Spatula clypeata.

33. Columba intermedia. 50. Nyroca africana.

34. Pteroclurus senegallus. 56. Fuligula fuligula.

In addition to these a pair of legs of:a goose were brought, appa-

rently of a Grey-lag. A sand piper (with yellow legs) was shot, but is

not apparently in the collection.

PN DE X ;

Names of New Genera and Species have an asterisk (*) prefixed.

Ablepharus brandtii, 564

Acanthephyra, 93

3 armata, var. fimbriaia, 93

eas brachytelsonis, 93

= cristata, 88, 94

= curtirostris, 94

ACANTHEPHYRID&, 93

Acanthocarpus, 188

Acanthodactylus cantoris, 558

ACANTHOPTERYGII, 311

Accipiter nisus, 567

Acer caudatum, 115

* ,, Papilio, 115

>» pectinatum, 115

Achirus cyanea, 329

» oculus, 329

» wmbratilis, 329

Acridium, 540

ACRONURIDA, 315

Acropoma philippinense, 311

Actza granulata, 172

Actecomorpha, 135, 165, 166, 170, 172

AS lapillulus, 172, 173

= S morum, 172, 296

Actinia, 533 :

Adlumia cirrhosa, 12

Aega, 88, 106

3, ventrosa, 106

Aegialitis dubia, 567

AEGID#, 106

Agama isolepis, 555

» megalonyz, 566

» nupta, 555

AGAMID®, 555

Agamura cruralis, 554

cf persica, 554

Alaemon deserterum, 567

Albunea dorsipes, 290

ALEPOCEPHALIDA, 334

Alepocephalus, 334

bicolor, 334

blanfordi, 334

edentulus, 334

Allophylus, 4.20, 422

is Cobbe, 422

a lanatus, 423

5 ornitrophioides, 423

Amblyopus arctocephalus, 320

Ammoperdiz bonhami, 567

AMPELIDEA, 113, 384

”

Ampelocissus, 385

50 Arnottiana, 112

3 barbata, 388

65 cinnamoned , 390

3 gracilis, 389

op polystachya, 390

thyrsiflora, 391, 392

Ampelopsis, 386

Cantoniensis, 398

compositifolia, 392

Himalayana, 112, 113, 897

= Neilgherrensis, 113, 397

Amphiprionichthys apistus, 313

ANACANTHINI, 321

ANACARDIACEM, 117, 459, 512

ANACARDIAE, 469

| Anacardium, 460, 479

occidentale, 439

Anas Becchass 567

Anauzxanopetalum Schwenki, 489

Anectochilus, 124

z Griffithii, 125

“5 Roaburghii, 125

58 sikkimensis, 124

ANoMOLA, 99, 102

ANOMURA, 135

Antigonia, 316

capros, 316

Aphania, 420, 425

Danura, 425, 426

montana, 425, 426

4 paucijuga, 425

Aphoristia, 330

gilesti, 330

septemstriata, 330

trifasciata, 330

wood-nvasoni, 330

Atviegllige chis, 128

parviflora, 128

bb)

| Apistus leucogaster, 313

» trachinoides, 313

Aporetica ternata, 423

APTERAE, 483

Aquilicta Ottilis, 415

. Sambucina, 415

Araneus marinus, 217

Arcania, 135, 165, 167, 171, 201, 262

erimaceus, 264, 268

is gracilipes, 262, 264, 270

3h granulosa, 266

570

Arcania levimana, 268

> novemspinosa, 264, 267, 268

a 9 var. aspera, 266

ay orientalis, 262

- pulcherrima, 264, 269

Us quinquespinosa, 263, 266, 268

ou septemspinosa, 263, 264, 265,

268, 269

99 var. gracilis, 266

ss tuberculata, 264, 268

3i undecimspinosa, 264, 266, 267,

268, 269

Aretus, 98

» rubens, 98

Argyropelecus, 331

i hemigymnus, 331

ARISTHINA, 91

Aristeus, 91

ap crassipes, 91

semidentatus, 91

Arnogtossus: 327

" brevirictis, 327

ig macrolophus, 327

Arytera, 421, 446

» littoralis, 446

6 var. major, 446

AstactEa, 96

Astroniwm insigne, 493

Astropetalum, 489

ATELEOPODIDA, 327

Ateleopus, 327

Bs indicus, 327

Athene bactriana, 567

Aularches miliaris, 540

Aulastomomorpha, 335

a5 phosphorops, 333

Avicula zebra, 520

AxtIps, 97

Bartsia, 59, 60

33 Gymnandra, 59, 64

Bathybembiz woodmasoni, 529)

Bathyclupea, 334

hoskynit, 334

Bathugadus, 326

99 cavernosus, 309

55 cottoides, 326

ny furvescens, 327

A longifilis, 326

Bathymyrus, 337

echinorhynchus, 337

Bathyonus, 323

Hn glutinosus, 328

Bathypercis, 317

a platyrhynchus, 317

EVO Naas, 332

5 atricolor, 306, 332

a guentheri a5 3382

amsularwn, 332

Bathyseniolas 315

cyanea, 315

Bathytr octes, 384

Index.

Buthytroctes microlepis, 334

squamosus, 334

Bellidilia, 166

Bembrops, 316

S caudimacula, 317

5) platyrhynchus, 347

BENTHESICYMINA, 91

Bentheuphausia, 90

amblyops, 88, 90

Berchenia calophylla, 375

Berycip#, 314

* Blachia viridissima, 455

* Boopsetta, 305, 329

* wmbrarum, 305, 329

Bouea, 459, 460, 464

» Brandisiana, 465

» burmanica, 464, 465, 466

4 var. microphylla, 463

3p diversifolia, 465

» Gandaria, 466

», macrophylla, 464, 465

>, microphylla, 465

» myrsinoides, 465

oppositifolia, 465, 466

Brachypleura, 327

53 zanthosticta, 327

Bracuyura, 102

oy anchipus, 538

. bengalensis, 538

s _ rubricaudatus, 538

mn tarvicornis, 538

* rs (Streptocephalus) bengalen-

sis, 5388

Brephostoma, 312

carpenteri, 312

Buchanania, 460, 462

35 acuminata, 463, 464

‘ arborescens, 464

- auriculata, 496

ss bancana, 464

53 florida, 462, 463

var. lucida, 464

bP 33

rs x petiolaris, 464

53 lucida, 464

- macrophylla, 495, 496

a palembanica, 464

petiolaris, 464

is platyneura, 462

35 polybotrya, 464

5 sessilifolia, 462, 463

os splendens, 462

suhobovata, 464

Bulbophyllum, 119, 120, 121

5 cylindricum, 118

* a gracilipes, 119

us leptanthum, 118

3 parvulum, 118

xylophyllwm, 120

Bur bidgen, 297, 298

as nitida, 297

Buteo jferov, 567

Index.

Caveadbis savatilis chukar, 567

Calanthe, 121

Mannii, 122

Pe Whiteana, 121

Calappa, 135, 137, 138, 139, 140, 149,

152, 153, 174

cristata, 145

depreéssa, 148

exanthematosa, 141, 146

fornicata, 141, 142

gallus, 140, 146

guerini, 144, 145

hepatica, 141 142, 144

lophos, 14.1, 144, 145, 148

philargius, 141, 145

* pustulosa, 140, 147, 296

sandwichien, 143

spinosissima, 141, 144

tuberculata, 143, 144.

tuberculosa, 143

”

* a wood-masoni, 140, 148, 296

CALAPPID#, 103, 134, 135, 1386, 137, 138,

139, 164.

JALAPPIDEA, 137

!ALAPPIENS, 137

CataPPINa, 135, 1386, 137, 138, 139

CALAPPINEA, 134

CaLappoipa, 138

Calastacus, 97

* investigatoris, 88, 97

“i stilirostris, 97

Calcinus, 517, 518

elegans, 518, 519

herbstt, 518, 519

53 tibicen, 519

CALLIANASSID, 97

Callidactylus, 167

Callionymus carebares, 320

Callorhynchus, 311

Calocaris, 97

» macandrex, 97

Calotes, 42, 45, 46, 47, 48

» versicolor, 42

Camara, 139

Cambessedea, 465

Campnosperma, 461 494

auriculata, 494, 495, 497

Griffith, 494, 496, 497

macrophylla, 495, 496

Wallichii, 494, 495, 496,

497

”

»?

Canariwm Sajiga, 453

Cancellus anatum primus, 219

secundus, 217

5 a tertius, 202

Cancer americanus, 154,

oe anatum, 245

astutus, 280

+ calappa, 142

calappoides, 142

cancellus, 239

2? 29

Cancer craniolaris, 231

Fr cylindrus, 271

» dorsipes, 277, 278

A erinaceus, 268

» frascone, 277

a, gallus, 146

on globosus, 243

oy globus, 243

hepaticus, 142

os heracleoticus, 142

33 inconspectus, 145

> lophos, 144,

“ lunaris, 154, 155, 158, 161

5 philargius, 145

AH plicatus, 180

=p porcellanus, 243

0 punctatus, 202

3 quadridens, 277

- septemspinosus, 265

An tuberculatus, 14.2

x victor, 154, 160

Caphyra, 274

Capnites, 21

Caprimulgus mahrattensis, 567

Caracanthus apistus, 313

CARANGIDA, 315

Carcinaspis, 166

Cardiospermum, 420, 4.21

9 canescens, 422

ie Halicacabum, 421

on microcarpum, 422

CaripEa, 92

Casarca rutila, 567

Cassine discolor, 341

Catapagurus, 517, 524

i australis, 525

dn ensifer, 525

oi muricatus, 518, 524

Catha Benthami, 353

Catopsilia, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47

Cautleya, 297, 299

Ceanothus a@siaticus, 377

Celastrina, 455

Celastrinea, 341, 360

CELASTRINER, 339

Celastrus, 340, 852, 354

bivalvis, 342

Championi, 353

A robustus, 355

Centropristis investigatoris, 311

Centroscylliwm, 308, 310

x ornatum, 308, 310

Centrotrachelus asmussii, 557

Ceramodactylus affinis, 554

Cerastes, 564

Cerastias, 318

is bispinosus, 318

Cerithium, 520

Chetodon triangulum, 312

Chailletia, 514

571

572 Index.

Chailletia undamaniea, 515 | Cissus pentagona, 400

5 Beccariana, 516 » pubiflora, 393

4 deflenifolia, var. tomentosa, 515 » pyrrhodasys, 398

» ._ Griffithii, 514, 515

» quadrangularis, 398

ss Helferiana, 514

» repanda, 110

55 Hookeri, 514, 516 » repens, 400

Bb Laurocerasus, 514 » 8spicifera, 389

Beam NO setosa, 514, 515 », thyrsiflora, 391, 392

a tenuifolia, 514 » trifoliata, 403

* tesselata, 515 », tuberculata, 395, 396

Cualniertaceam, 514 vitiginea, 110

Chalinurus hispidus, 326 Cleisostoma, 123

Champsodon, 316 armigera, 128

vorax, 316 Fact aMe 518, 520, 524, 534

Chaseanopsetta, 327 ” padavensis, 517, 518, 520

lugubris, 327 CLUPEIDE, 334

Chauliodus, 332 Celorhynchus flabelligpinis, 324

og pammelas, 332; 6 investigatoris, 325

sloani, 332 ” parallelus, 324

Chaunaz, 318 quadricristatus, 325

» pictus, 318 Coloconger, 337

Chelidoperca, 311 raniceps, 337

investigatoris, 31% Coluber lineolatus, 563

Chiaemodon, 317 nt Taphrometopon) lineolatus, 563

Chiasmodus, 317 CoLUBRIDz, 562

niger, 317 Gane ina, 371, 377

Cenex, 311 5 Tels. 377

sis monstrosa, d1¥ mt asiatica, 377

Chimeride, 311 3 capsularis, 377

Chlorophthalmus, 307, 332 | javanica, 377

corniger, 3d2 Columba intermedia, 567

Chondropterygii, 310° Compositz, 450

Circus macrurus, 567 Congromurzena\ 337

Cirrhopetalum Dyerianum, 118 “ longicauda, 337

Cissus, 387, 395, 408 a macrocercus, 337

» adnata, 110, 398 s musteliceps, 337

» angulata, 110 ” nasica, 337

» aristata, 398 squaliceps, 337

» auriculata, 403 Oimerne Jackianus, 449

» barbata, 112 CONVOLYVULACER, 536

» cantoniensis, 398 Convolvulus, 5388

3 earnosa, 403 3 candicans, 537

» €eerasiformis, 400 5 tenellus, 588

» €inerea, 403 Coptis, 61

» cordata, 398, 400 Coracias garrula, 567

» crenata, 403 Corallorhiza, 118, 119

5 discolor, 399 Corvus coraz, 566

» diversifolia, 398 5 wmbrinus, 566

» edulis, 398 Corycodus, 274

», elegans, 392 Corydalis, 12, 14, 19, 20, 29, 41

» glaberrima, 401

5 adiantifolia, 17, 18, 39, 40

5 hastata, 401

aS Adrieni, 37

», Himalayana, 112, 113, 397 . adunca, 17, 39

» ‘mvolucrata, 408, 409 x albicaulis, 39

3 japonica, 403 a alpestris, 14, 21

» lanceolaria, 395 een, Balansz, 25

» mollissima, 402 eas balsamiflora, 41

» muricata,' 395 > Boweri, 15, 27

», WNeilgherrensis, 113 355 cachemiriana, 14, 18, 22

» novemfolia, 404 ~ + cashmeriana, 22, 23

» obtusifolia, 403 s jE aaa 53 : var. brevicornu,

Index. 573

Corydalis cashmeriana, var. ecristata, 22

Re » typica, 22

se pdeumniriana, 15, 27, 29

5 chaerophylla, 16, 31, 32, 33

jae Clarkei, 16, 34

5 ‘celaviculata, 23

us conspersa, 34

AS cornuta, 16, 31, 32

= crassifolia, 17, 41

meth Wes crispa, 16, 18, 30, 36

= crithmifolia, 15, 26

$5 curviflora, 22

Berk, cyrtocentra, 14, 19, 20

m darwasica, 19, 20

3 Davidi, 25

5 decumbens, 31

= Delavayi, 24

F diphylla, 14, 19, 20, 21, 27, 28,

es 233 Drakeana, 31

Fall Pe dubia, 17, 34, 36

ee Duthier, 16, 33

var. sikkimensis, 33

»” » _typica, 33

i Blenunies 16, 33, 34

‘5 erecta, 31, 32

5 Falconeri, 15, 26

- Fedtschenkoana, 41

a filicina, 15, 30

- filiformis, 28, 29

» + flabellata, 17, 18, 39, 40

es flaccida, 14, 18, 25, 31, 36

A Franchetiana, 16, 34, 35, 37

5. gerantifolia, 16, 33

B Gortschakovii, 17, 26, 35

a Govaniana, 16, 33

4 gracilis, 29

cet graminea, 14, 23, 24

3 Griffithii, 19, 20

Hamiltoniana, 19

Hemsleyana, 29

# Hendersonvi, 15, 26, 27

Ss Hoffmeisteri, 38

bb) 3?

Bes pet Hookeri, 16, 34, 36

2 incisa, 29

EP juncea, 15, 24, 31

ag Kingit, 16, 30

iene Laelia, 14, 18, 25, 36

lathyroides, 14, 28

latiflora, 17, 37

Ledebouriana, 19, 20

leptocarpa, 14, 25

linearioides, 24

longipes, 15, 19, 27, 28, 30

macrocentra, 19, 20, 21

5 meifolia, 17, 18, 34, 36, 38

var. sikkimensis, 36

» ” » typica, 36

» violacea, 36

Mooreroftiana, L7, 34, 35

mucronifera, 15, 26, 27.

” 29

Corydalis nana, 17, 32, 37, 38

3 ophiocarpa, 17, 18, 25, 39 .

3 oxypetala, 22, 23

"4 pachycentra, 22

Bs paeconiaefolia, 23

cy paniculigera, 41

cf paucifiora, 21

var. latiloba, 21

i » parviflora, 21

Bs persica, 14, 19, 20

es polygalina, 14, 24

op Prattwi, 24

pulchella, 17, 37

of racemosa, 23

o ramosa, 16, 30, 31, 37, 38

3 a var, 31

glauca, 32

nand, 38

typica, 31

_ vaginans, 32

8 geet, ‘17, 19, 38

fp rutaefolia, 19, 20, 21

” 7

a scandens, 12, 13

os Schelesnowiana, 17, 39, 40

op Semenovii, 36

Sp Sewerzovii, 19, 20

Ri sibirica, 28, 29, 31, 32

Bs var. intermedia, 32

ey Sirdeheua 17, 32, 37

var. ecristata, 38

” » typica, 38

sa straminea, 35, 36

we streptocarpa, 39

sf stricta, 17, 38, 41

Ap temulifolia, 41

ys thyrsiflora, 17, 26, 35

» tibetica, 16, 18, 26, 33

th) 39

ci tongolensis, 28, 29

» btrifoliolata, 14, 22

a triternata, 14, 25

ms vaginans, 32

a verticillaris, 20

of vesicaria, 41

violacea, 36

Corysanthes, 118, 128:

Pf facaties 128

i himalaica, 128

Corystoip&, 103

Cosmonotus, 289, 290, 291

>) gray, 292

Cortipa, 319

* Croftia, 298

on spectabilis, 298

Oryptocnemus, 166

Cryptosoma, 135, 138, 1389, 151

ss ‘granulosum, 152

Cucullaria, 41

Cupania (indeterminata) 444

ay acuta, 446

ue adenophylla, 446

» fuscescens, 447° -

574

Oupania fuscidula, 445

glabrata, 444

Grifithiana, 444, 445

a Helferi, 447

Jackiana, 449

Lessertiana, 448

pallidula, 445

$0 plewropteris, 444;

var, apiculata, 444

bijuga, 444

by) 99

22 9 " 9

55 regularis, 444,

A sumatrana, 448

Cursorius gallicus, 567

Cyanecula suecica, 566

Cyclodorippe, 184, 135, 274, 286

Cycloes, 151

» granulosa, 152

CyctomEtopa, 103

Cymonomops, 135, 274, 275, 286

iloonaormann, 287

Gaanenne 274, 286

Cymopolia, 274

Cymopolus, 274

Cynoglossus, 380

carpenteri, 330

melanopterus, 330

monopus, 330

9) precisus, 330

versicolor, 330

Cysticapnos africana, 41

Cytrip#, 316

Dactylicapnos, 13

uy thalictrifolia, 12, 13

Dactylopterus chirophthalmus, 320

macracanthus, 320

Dalrymplea javanica, 453

pomifera, 453

Danais, 45, 46, 47

chr ysippus, 42, 43, 44, 45

genutia, 43, 44, 45, 46

» limniace, 43, 44, 45, 46, a

Decapopa, 90

Delias eucharis, 47

Dendrocopus sindianus, 567

Dentalium, 531, 582

Dermatorus, 323

* 6p melampeplus, 305, 323

melanocephalus, 305, 323

; trichiurus, 305, 323

Dibranchus, 318

micropus, 318

an nasutus, 318

Dicentra, 11, 12, 41

Macrocapnos, 11, 12

Roylei, 11, 12

scandens, 11, 12, 18

thalictrifolia, 13

torulosa, 11, 12

Diclytra scandens, 13

Dicrolene, 309, 322

a intronigra, 309, 322

”

be)

Index.

Dicrolene multifilis, 822

nigricaudis, 322

[ Didiceia, 118

59 Cunninghami, 119

Didymococeus Danura, 427

ri verticillatus, 427

Dimocarpus crinita, 436

9 Longan, 435

a pupilla, 485

undulatus, 435

x verticillata, 427

Dinematichthys, 322

piger, 322

Diplacanthopoma, 323

brachysoma, 323

rivers-andersont,

Dittelasma, 420, 424

- Rarak. 424

Dodonza, 421, 450

angustifolia, 451

arabica, 451

Burmanniana, 431

dioica, 451

heterophylla, 451

microcarpa, 451

pentandra, 451

spathulata, 451

viscosa, 451

. Wightiana, 451

Dorippe, 135, 274, 275, 282, 286, 287, 289

astuta, 276, 280, 281

atropos, 277

dorstpes, 276, 277, 279, 280

facchino, 276, 278, 279, 280

granulata, 277, 279

nodulosa, 277

polita, 277, 281, 286

sima, 278

quadridens, 277, 278

quadridentata, 277

Doriprip®, 102, 184, 135, 136, 273

DoRIPPIDEA, 273

DORIPPIENS, 273

DoriIpPin#, 135, 136,

DoripPingEa, 134

”

»”

323

273, 274

Dracontomelum, 461, 513

A mangiferum, 513

Drepanospermum, 460

Drimycarpus, 459, 461, 512

Be racemosus, 513

Dysomma, 336

= bucephalus, 336

Dysommopsis, 336

muciparus, 837

Dysonytum binectariforum, 115

op reticulatum, 114

ae 135, 165, 166, 170, 185

» bditwberculata, 188

* 4, diadwmena, 187, 296

erosa, 186, 189

fallax, 187, 261

”?

Index. 575

Ebalia hypsilon, 189

>» minor, 188

» pfefferi, 187, 191

» quadrata, 188

» vrhomboidalis, 188

* |, sagittifera, 186, 188

* , wood-masoni, 187, 188, 296

» (Phlyxia) erosa, 186

Eburna, 250

Eccremanthus eximius, 441

Echis, 555, 564

» carinata, 562, 565

Elzodendron, 340, 356

as glaucwm, 356

= sub-rotundum, 356

Elasmonotus, 100

cylindrophthalmus, 100

Elymnias, 43

2 cendularis, 42

53 undularis, 43

Embamma cordigera, 408

A heterantha, 409

Emberiza buchanani, 567

Ephyrina, 95

a hoskyniz, 95

EPIDENDRES, 118

EPIDENDREARUM, 118

Epizoanthus, 527, 533, 535

Eremias guttulata, 558

a persica, 589

Ee veloz, 559

Eria, 121

* ,, clausa, 121

» vittata, 121

Erigolosswm, 420, 424

fc edule, 425

a rubiginosum, 425

nee isticophis, 564

pe Macmahonii, 564

= rycibe, 536

» coriacea, 536

» Jestiva, 536

» fragrans, 536

» strigosa, 536

ERYONIDA, 97

ERYONTID#, 98

ERYONTIDEA, 98

Erythropalum scandens, 455

Hthusa, 94, 102, 135, 274, 275, 281

» andamanica, 283, 284

* ,, desciscens, 283, 286

» gracilipes, 286

» imdica, 102, 282, 283, 284

* ,, “investigatoris, 283, 285, 286

» orientalis, 285

>» pygmea, 282, 284

* ,, (Ethusina) desciscens, 283, 286

gracilupes, 286

investigatoris, 283,

285, 286

a0 ”

3” PP)

Ethusina, 103, 274, 281

*Ethusina desciscens, 283, 286

cf gracilipes, 103, 286

i investigatoris, 283, 285, 286

Hublepharus macularius, 566

Eucopia, 90

D australis, 90

r, sculpticauda, 88, 90

Kucopip2z, 90

Eumelanorrhea, 483

Euonymus, 339, 343, 345

a adenophorus, 351

He capillaceus, 342

6 filiformis, 343

so garcinifolius, 341

6 Javanicus, 343, 344

4 laeta, 343

s5 mammillaris, 350

<p ovata, 349

45 sphaerocarpus, 344,

‘ sumatranus, 344;

a timorensis, 344

* Wrayi, 343, 344

Eupagurus, 517, 520, 522, 534, 535

fe bevniandus: 532

a gacobii, 530

* 5 pergranulatus, 518, 520

iN zebra, 517, 518, 520, 523

HKuPHAvSIIDm, 90

Euphoria chrysea, 437

5 Danura, 427

5 glabra, 434

5 Litchi, 435

4 Longana, 435

4 Nephelium, 436

AY pupillum, 435

5 undulata, 435

verticillata, 42/7

Buploea, 43, 44, 45, 46

EHwprepocnemis nr. fobustay 540

Eurypterus lucurus, 567

EUZINGIBEREAE, 297, 299

Fuligula fuligula, 567

FUMARIACES, 10

GADIDA, 321

Galacantha, 100

Ae bella, 100, 101

54 investigatoris, 100

i rostrata, 100, 101

* ay trachynotus, 88, 100

GALATHEID#, 99

Galerita cristata, 567

Gallinago gallinago, 567

Gallus, 1389

Gastonia Naluga, 415

Gavialiceps, 336

te microps, 3386

as teniola, 338

GECKONID®, 553

Gennadas, 91

Ha parvus, 91

Gerberia, 61

576

Gerberia Stelleri, 64

Gilibertia Naluga, 415

Glauconia blanfordi, 561

GLAUCONIID, 561

Glaucothoé, 516, 517, 535

a carinata, 535

op peroni, 535

3 rostrata, 535

Globba, 297, 299

Gluta, 460, 480

» Benghas, 480

» coarctata, 480, 482, 483

» elegans, 480, 481

nh » var. Helferi, 481

petiolata, 483

> Renghas, 481

velutina, 482

Wray, 480, 482

Pee meek 92

as prionota, 92

3 unguiculata, 92

GLYPHOCRANGONID#, 92

Glyptopetalum, 339, 344, 345

99 quadrangulare, 345

* Scortechinit, 345

Glyptophidium, 309, 324

argentewm, 324

macropus, 324

Gnathophausia, 89

op brevispinis, 89

oo _ Sarsit, 89

zow#a, 89

Gosmpz, 320

Gobius cometes, 320

Gonostoma, 331

D elongatwm, 331

5) microdon, 331

Endy arth 127

5 Andersonti, 127

op cordata, 128

Cremer 370, 371, 382, 384

5) Andamanica, 382

99 Brandisii, 383

a3 dasyantha, 384

ue denticulata, 384

9 discolor, 383

a Javanica, 382, 383

Ap leptostachya, 382, 383, 384

3 microcarpa, 383, 384

x Nepalensis, 383

5 pubescens, 384

$5 Retinaria, 384

tilizfolia, 384

Grimothea gregaria, 536

Guaia, 167

Guioa, 420, 443

» oyuga, 444

» fuscridula, 443, 445

5 5p var. glabrescens, 445

» pleuropteris, 443, 444

var. bijuga, 444

2) ”

Index.

Guioa pubescens, 443, 445

» 8quamosa, 443, 444

Gymnandra, 59, 60, 61

59 altaica, 60, 64

oe armena, 66

as borealis, 59, 60, 64

“ cashmeriana, 63

a dentata, 60, 64

es elongata, 60, 64

- globosa, 62

zs Gmelini, 60

a gracilis, 60, 64

A integrifolia, 60, 64

op Korolkowi, 65

6 kunawarensis, 65

op longiflora, 64

ys minor, 60, 64

i ovata, 60, 64

a Pallasii, 60, 64

reniformis, 60, 64

np spectabilis, 65

Stelleri, 60, 63

stolonifera, 65

Gymnapistus leucogaster, 313

Gymnodactylus, 554

- Kachhensis, 554

PREIS, 340; 353, 354

Curtisii, 353

Habenari 132, 134

SE ae Bakeriana, 132

uh op Dyeriana, 133

ee juncea, 132

% leptocaulon, 133

+5 nematocaulon, 132

» Prainii, 134

* pseudophrys, 133

Halzenetus, 319

3 ruber, 319

Halieutea, 318

Fr coccinea, 318

55 fumosa, 318

E nigra, 318

Haliporus, 91

a zqualis, 91

Halosaurichthys, 335

HALOSAURID&, 335

Halosaurus, 333

3 afinis, 335

xe anguilliformis, 336

. carinicauda, 336

- hoskynit, 336

3 mediorostris, 336

parvipennis, 336

Harpoon, 332

45 squamosus, 332

Harpullia, 421, 451

5 cwpanioides, 451

a frazinifolia, 452

7 fruticosa, 452

5 rupestris, 452

43 thanatophora, 402

Index.

Hedera hypoglauca, 398

Hepycurear, 299

Helodromas ochropias, 567

Hemigyrosa longifolia, 429

Hemipenzus semidentatus, 91

Heparorpa, 138

Hepatus, 138

Hephthocara, 324

stmum, 324,

Herminium, 130

angustifolium, 130, 131

* a angustilabre, 131

¥ ss gracile, 131

Ls graminium, 131

= a3 Jaffreyanum, 1380

By orbiculare, 131

> quinguelobum, 130

Beterolithaldid, 135, 167, 171, 261

falas, 261

*Heteronucia, 185, 166, 170, 177

3 desiculosa:, 177, 296

a. himantopus, 567

Hippa dorsipes, 290

2 UTE 340, 356, 360

niece 357, 359

Arnottiana, 361

barbata, 360

Cumingii, 357, 358

disperma, 360

enonymoides, 3860

ferruginea, 357

Grahamii, 361

grandiflora, 358, 360

indica, 357, 359

lanceolata, 358, 361

macrantha, 357, 360

Maingayi, 357, 361

Nicobarica, 357, 359

obtusifolia, 358, 360, 361

rigida, 360

tortuosa, 360, 361

volubilis, 360

HIPpocraTEs, 340

eaaee ee alternans, 312

; var. meleagris, 303

ae 459, 512

~ albescens, 512

albicans, 512

Grahami, 512

Kurzii, 512

longifolia, 512

racemosa, 513

Holocentrum, 315

punctatissimum, 315

Hoxoerossa, 132, 133

- HoMARIDz&, 96

Homonip2, 102

‘Hoplophorus, 94

: gracilirostris, 94:

: Hoplostethus, 314

5 mediterranewm, 314

577

Horlus Schenbrunnensis, 395

Houbara macqueenti, 567

Hyprozoa, 2438, 245

Hyoscyamus, 543

> Camerarvi, 543

3 niger, 543

pinnatifidus, 543

reticulatus, 543

Hypecoum, 10

5 caucasicun, 10

fs chinense, 11

leptocarpum, 10, 11

5 parviflorum, 10

iy pendulum, 10

procumbens, 10

Hyperi jcinea angustata, "464.

Beye, lucida, 463

Hypopeltarion, 104,

Hypsicometes, 316

Hypsophr ys, 102

\ superciliosa, 102

Ilia, 165, 167, 187, 201, 260, 261

Iliacantha, 167

ILiNaz, 135, 166, 167.

Tutor, 167

Ione, 120

* ,, intermedia, 120.,

IPHICULOIDA, 167 ;

Iphiculus, 135, 165, 167, 171, 256, 257,

259

spongiosus, 256

Iphis, 167, 262

» novemspinosa, 267

» septemspinosa, 265

Ipomea, 587

» . eriocarpa, 537

» scindica, 537

» Stocksii, 537

Trina alnifolia, 443

diplocardia, 441

3» glabra, 441

» integerrima, 457

Isopopa, 106

Iza, 135, 165, 167, 171, 259, 270

» canaliculata, 271

» cylindrus, 271, 273

» mermis, 271, 272

4 megaspis, 272

Johnia coromandeliana, 367

Junonia, 42, 43, 44, 45

Kokoona, 339, 346

coriacea, 346

littoralis, 346

ca) ea Scortechinii, 346, 347

Kurrimia, 340, 354

culophylla, 355

Maingayi, 355

paniculata, 354, 355

ri puleherrima, 354

robusta, 355

LACERTIDE, 068

bP)

578

LACERTINIA, 553 -

Lzops, 328

4 guentheri, 328

Lagotis, 57, 59, 62

3 brachystachya, 62, 66

9 brevitwha, 62, 63, 45

D cashmeriana, 58, 61, 63

oy Clarkei, 58, 61, 62

Ellin crassifolia, 61, 63, 66

oa decumbens, 58, 61, 62

5 glauca, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64

95 », subspecies australis, 62,

63, 65..

a7 op of borealis, var.

Gmelini, 60,

9 ” 93 ” var.

Pailasii, 60,

m7 77 ” » Var.

Stelleri, 60

var. cashmeriana, 63

39 mp » kunawarensis, 58, 65

»» - sikkimensis, 57, 58,

63, 65

Pallasti, 60, 64

‘ Stellert,; 64

5 5 pee, 60, 64

5 globose, 58, 61, 6

ih Kor. olkowi, 62, 65

S kunawarensis, 58

Ap Pallasii, 64

a pharica, 61, 62, 66

B ramalana, 66

4 spectabilis, 57, 58, 62, 65

rH Stelleri, 58, 60, 61, 63, 64

stolonifera, 62, 65

Lamprogr ammus, 309, 324

5 fragilis, 324

niger, 324

Lanius ieabellinns 566

» vittatus, 566

Lantana, 42

Leea, 384, 385, 409, 413

» aculeata, 414

» acuminata, 410, 415

5, aequata, 410, 418

5, amabilis, 416

» angulata, 410, 413, 414

» aspera, 417, 418

» obiserrata, 415

» etnerea, 411

> coccinea, 417

» cordata, 109

3, coriacea, 411

* .. Curtisii, 410, 416

» diffusa, 417

» gigantea, 410, 412, 415

» grandifolia, 409, 411

3, herbacea, 418 _.

» hirsuta, 419

35 a3 Le

L nd CH.

| Leea hirta, 419

» horrida, 414

9» javanica, 410, 418

» lata, 416

», latifolia, 409, 410, 411

», macrophylla, 411

» Malayana, 414

» Ottilis, 415

» parallela, 417, 418

* ., paucifilora, 410, 412

», polyphylla, 417

» robusta, 410, 417, 418

» rubra, 410, 416

» Sambucina, 410, 412, 413, 414, 415,

W af var. biserrata, 415

» sanguinea, 416, 417

», stmplicifolia, 410, 411, 412

», Staphyiea, 412, 415

» sundiaca, 418

», tuberculo-semen, 413

viridiflora, 415

Lepidopetalum, 421, 448

Jackianum, 449

Tepilotragla, 319

o spiloptera, 319 [319

var. longipinnis,

Lepisanthes, 420, 427

es andamanica, 427, 428.

3 _cuneata, 427, 428

* ef Kunstler, 427

PS longifolia, 427, 429

a montana, 428

* + Scortechinii, 427, 429

Lepistemon, 537

eS leiocalyz, 5387

Leptoderma, 335

a macrops, 335

Lettsomia ornata, 537

Leucosia, 135, 165, 167, 168, 200, 201,

-209, 234. 248, 254

BS affinis, 224.

. chevertii, 225

cada corallicola, 212, 224, 296

“p craniolaris, 213, 231, 232, 233,

234

» $ var. levimana, 231

op cumingii, 214, 226, 227

e cylindrus, 271

eS elata, 214, 228

fe erinaceus, 268

” fugax, 203

oj globosa, 243

3 hematosticta, 214, 229, 230

a haswellt, 212, 222, 224

- longifrons, 212, 217, 219, 220,

A 221, 222, 223, ‘224

A var. neocledontta,

218, 219, 220

pulcherrima,

219

Eeucosia maculata, 234

margaritata, 214, 230

”

marmorea, 212, 221, 222

Index.

Lophopetalum fimbriatum, 348, 343

33 moresbiensts, 223 p

iS neocaledonica 212, 218, 220 * mY

a obscura, 223 = 9

S abtusifrons, 211, 216 “K,

op var. unidentata, 215 | * F

= ornata, 217 $6)

Ae pallida, 212, 222, 224, 225 ae

~ f var. obscwra, 223 : $6

- parvimana, 223

“s perlata, 223

< phyllochira, 214, 235

‘y) . polita, 217

3 pubescens, 213, 233, 234

» - pulcherrima, 219

a rhomboidatis, 213, 234

5S ‘scahriuscuta, 239 °

» ‘septentspinosa, 265

Es: sima, 214, 227, 297

of splendida, 219

a 5 truncata, 214, 234, 296

oa ee ‘unidentata, 211, 215, 216

33 urania, 212, 217, 218, 220

vittata, 213, 232

“f whiter, 214, 225

whitmeet, 212, 224

LEvcostaba, 164

LEUcOosIDz, 108

Leucostprca, 135

LeEUtcOSsIENs, 164

LeEucosip, 134, 135, 186, 164, 289

LeucosipeEa, 135, 164

LeEvcosin&, 135, 163, 166

LEucosiinBa, 134

Leucosilia, 167

im granulosa, 193

LEucostorDA, 167

LevucosoipEa, 135

Liabum, 450

Lrwoporex, 106, 107

Limodorum, 107

Inoscorpius, 312

longiceps, 312

Listera, 118, 126

fuscescens, 348, 352

javanum, 349

litioralis, 346

oblongifolium, 348, 351, 352

oblengum, 348, 300

ovatum, 349

pachyphyllum, 348

pallidum, 348, 350, 351

reflecum, 347, 348, 352

' Bcortechinii, 348, 350

subobovatum, 348, 349

Loph a, 1 39

Lyreidus,

”

94, 102, 135, 289, 290, 294

chanwent a, 204

gracilis, 102, 294

Heian hyrieiiu, 550

maynardt, 562

ridgewayi, 562, 566

Macrocapios, 12, 13

MACRURA,

Macruribm, 309, 324

Macrurus, 824,

Bei, alternifolia, 126

bb)

”

brevicaulis, 126

japonica, 127

longicaulis, 126

Lithadia, 166, 261

Lithodes, 99

“a agasizu, 88, 99

Lithodidz, 99

Lophius, 317

eB)

”

indicus, 317

lugubris, 318

mutilus, 317

LopHoGASTRID, 89

Lophopetalum, 339, 340, 346, 348, 352

te Curtisii, 348, 851

Macrurus

”

brevirostris, 325

-cavernosus, 809

flabellispinis, 324

heterolepis, 309, 326

hextit, 326

hispidus, 326

hoskynit, 326

levis, 326

lophotes, 325

macrolophus, 325

parallelus, 324

petersonit, 325

polylepis, 325

pumiliceps, 325

quadricristatus, 325

semiquincunciatus, 325

wood-masoni, 326

(Chalinurus) hispidus, 826

(Celorhynchus) flubellispinis,

324

9 anvestigatoris,

325

6 parallelus, 324

ee quadricrista-

tus, 325

(Macrurus) brevirostris, 325

hextis, 326

hoskynit, 326

A lophotes, 32d

macrolophus, 325

petersoniz, 325

polylepis, 325

pumiliceps, 323

Semiquincunciatus ,

82d

(Macrurus) wood-masoni, 326

(Malacocephalus) levis, 326.

(Mystaconeus) cavernosus, 309

580

Macrurus (Mystaconurus) heterolepis, 309,

326

Maip, 105

Malacocephalus levis, 326

Matlacosteus, 334

» | imdicus, 334

MALAcostRaAca, 89

Malthopsis, 319

a luteus, 319

Mangajera, 460, 466, 479

i andamanica, 466, 470

ae caesia, 468, 477, 478

5 domestica, 473 ‘

foetidu, 467, 4774

33 fragrans, 467, 475

5 gracilipes, 467, 4:74.

is Griffithii, 466, 468, 479

oA Horsfieldi, 475

3 indica, 467, 470, 472

ns kemanga, 468, 4:77 «

a3 lagenifera, 468, 476

ie longipes, 467, 471, 473, 479

Pe nae longipetiolata, 467, 470

im macrocarpa, 476

o Maingayi, 466, 469, 470

a microphylla, 466, 468 ‘

_ oblongifolia, 467, 473, 474,

AY odorata, 467, 474

ae oppositifolia, 465

ay Parih, 474

iF pentandra, 467, 472,

a policarpa, 477

i quadrifida, 467, 470, 471

ue sclerophylla, 466, 469

superba, 468, 478

MAnerr FRAE, 460

Mantisia, 297

IMENTS 299

Mareca penelope, 567

Matapa aria, 47

Matuta, 185, 1388, 1389, 153, 289

fs Gopendiculatas 162

» banksti, 154, 155, 156, 157, “158,

163 ay

» circulifera, 162

- distinguenda, 154, 159

» granulosa, 154, 156, 159

» inermis, 157

Ss laevidactyla, 162.

ue lesuewrii, 155, 160

Ks linerfer G62),

» lunaris, 155, 156, 158, 161, 163

5, maculata, 156, 160

> miersii, 155, 157, 163

i obtusifrons, 154, 159

» peronii, 165, 160,163

> picta, 154, 155) 156, 158 =;

> ‘planipes, 154, 156, 158, 161, 162

5 rubro-lineata, 156, 162

» victor, 154, 155, 156, 158, 160, 162

+ » Var, prima, 160

Index.

Matuta victor, var. quarta, 159, 162

quinta, 158, 169

secunda, 160

sexta, 158, 159

+) oA » tertia, 162

» victriz, 156, 160

var. crebrepunctata, 160

Maruripe, "187, 139

MAaAtTuTINz»E, 135, 136, 137, 188, 139

Maruroipa, 138

MaturoipeEa, 137

Melamphaés, 314

mizolepis, 314

Melanochyla, 461, 502

oP) % 3

5 angustifolia, 502, 506, 507,

508

= auriculata, 502, 505, 506

* y bracteata, 502, 506

* a densiflora, 502, 503

ae + Kunstleri, 502, 504

A Maingayi, 502, 504

* 54 nitida, 503, 507

* By rugosa, 502, 505

tomentosa, 502, 503

Melanovrheea, 459, 460, 483, 487

e aptera, 483, 484, 487, 488

3 Curtisii, 483, 486

Ae Duthieana, 486

2 a, inappendiculata, 483, 484,

, 488

‘5 Maingayi, 483, 484, 485

* io torquata, 483, 484, 486

# Wallichii, 483, ee

Woodsiana, 488,

Melenexterice 311

MELIACER, 114

Meliosma, ‘ABA, 455, 459

Pie ty Colletiana, 116

“i elliptica, 456, 456

5 ferruginea, 116

Ay lanceolata, 456, 458, 459

5 . War. pubescens, 458

Pe lancifolia, 455, 436

el iar levis, 455, 457

ws nitida, 455, 457

BS pungens, 117

Bos Ridley?, 456, 458

s} stmplicifolia, 456

i sumatrana, 457

ue Wightiz, 117

Merocryptus, 165, 166

Micropus, 313,

is unipinna, 313

Microstemon, 461, 497

s Curtisii, 498

S officinale, 500

velutina, 498

* Microstylis saprophyta, 118

Microtropis, 3389, 340

a bivalvis, 840, 341, 3435

x | cortacea, 369

Tnilex.

ane discolor, 340, 341

3 elliptica, 340

ne filiformis, 340, 342

* longifolia, 369

Mildea, 450

Millingtoma sumatrana, 457

Milvus migrans, 567

Minous, 313

Ms coccineus, 314

53 inermis, 314

a trachycephalus, 313

Mischocarpus, 421, 447

im fuscescens, 447, 448

5 sumatranus, 447, 448

” sundiacus, 4477

Molinaea, 448

Monomitopus, 308, 321

conjugator, 304, 309

nigripinnis, 305, 309, 322

Motacilla alba, 567

earcaid 567

» feldeggit, 567

i personata, 567

Moulinsia cupanioides, 425

s rubiginosa, 428

Munida, 99

» microps, 99

» subrugosa, 536

Munidopsis, 99, 100

es margarita, 100

a stylirostris, 99, 100

e trifida, 99

wardeni, 88, 99

Abiereson. 338 .

MURZNIDE, 336

Murex, 520, 5385

Mursia, 103, 135, 188, 139, 148, 151, 152

» bdicristimana, 103, 150

» hawatiensis, 149

Myctophum pterotus, 333

Myra, 135, 165, 167, 168, 200, 254.

ss Bias 202, 205, 206

> australis, 205, 206

aie yy Beeman 202, 206, 208

>» carinata, 2038

5, coalita, 203

5 darnleyensis,; 202, 207

5, dubia, 203

5 elegans, 202, 208

5, eudactyla, 255

» fugaz, 199, 201, 202, 204, 208, 206

oo Ppeeeaener eal aen 203

3» mamillaris, 205, 206

* ., pentacantha, 202, 204

> punctata, 205

subgranulata, 205

Myrodes, 135, 165,167, 171, 254, 257, 259

a eudactylus, 255

Ae gigas, 255

Myropoipa, 167

Myroipa, 167

581

( Myropsis, 167,200

Mystaconurus cavernosus, 309

oe heterolepis, 309, 326

Narcetes, 335

» erimelas, 335

Naseus vlamingii, 315

Natica, 531

NEMATOCARCINIDA, 95

Nematocarcinus, 95

SS gracilis, 95

Nemichthys, 336

s5 acanthonotus,336

ACA, 308, 309, 321

m conjugator, 304, 322

By macrops, 821

<6 ‘migripinnis, 305, 322

ae pterotus, 309, 321

5 + squamipinnis, 321

Ms steatiticus, 321

Ele uh (Monomitopus) conjugator,

304

Ms a nigripinnis,

305

Neophron ginginianus, 567

Neoscopelus, 333

Fit macrolepidotus, 333

Neortis#, 106, 107, 124

Nepheliwm, 420, 432

» Bengalense, 435

Ke chryseum, 433, 437

fe costatum, 433, 486

oe echinatwm, 436

Fr, eriopetalum, 433, 438

Fr eximiuum, 441

3 glabrum, 433, 440

a hamulatum, 438, 437

i hypolewcum, 435

i lappuceum, 433, 434, 436

6 var. glabr um, 434

on Honeane 433, 434

var. eer A434,

435

op Maingayi, 434

i Malaiense, 433, 439

a Mora, 435

> muricatum, 432

. ophiodes, 433, 438

ss pupillum, 435

Py rubescens, 438, 435

sufferuginewm, 433, 439°

” 331

PF verticillatum, 427

Nephropsis, 94, 96

s atlantica, 96, 97

4 carpenteri, 97

= Stewarti, 96, 97

. Suhmt, 88, 96

Nettastoma, 338

PR teniola, 338

Nettion crecca, 567

Nothocaris binoculus, 92

Nothocissus spicigera, 389

582

Nothocnestis sumatrana, 355

Notopoides, 289

Notopus, 135, 289, 290, 291

“3 dorsipes, 290

Nucia, 135, 167, 169, 187, 190, 198

» pfefferi, 191

» speciosa, 190, 191

Nuciorpa, 167

Nursia, 135, 165, 166, 170, 178, 184, 260

» abbreviata, 180, 183, 184, 185

* 4, dlanfordi, 179, 182, 183, 296

», hardwickii, 180, 181, 182

* |, nasuta, 179, 183, 296

* 4, persica, 180, 183. 185, 296 .

» plicata, 179, 181, 182, 183

avi Rakes nec auctorum, 180

rubifera, 180, 185

Nur Ain, 135, 165, 167, 171, 259, 261

es dentata, 260

39 tonsor, 261.

Noursitiora, 167

Norsio1Da, 166

Nyroca africana, 567

Ochthodromus geoffroyi; 567

mongolus, 567

Odina, “441, 501

3 Tadkign. 501

Odontochilus, 125

3 Elwesi1, 125

Ze 593 tortus, 125

Odontostomus, 307. 333

atratus, 333

Oncychomorpha, 135, 165, 167, 169, 2385

lamelligera, 236

Opuntia, 561

OpniD11D#, 304, 308, 321

Ophiomorus tridactylus, 561

OPuRYDES, 1380

Ophrys, 134

OrcHIDACES, 106, 107

OREOPHOROIDA, 166

Oreophorus, 185, 165, 166, 170, 172, 178,

175 if

» « reticulatus, 174

ene #3 var. alcicornis, 175

Orithyia, 138

ORITHYIOIDA, 138

Ornitrophe Aporetica, 423

9 asiatica, 423 —

4) Cobbe, 422

oh glabra, 423

2 Malabarica, 423 .

1p Schmidelia, 423

35 serrata, 423

villosa, 423

Osachila, 138

Ostracion, 338

91 fornasini, 338

Otophora, 420, 429

a erythrocalyz, 430

0 paucwuga, 426 :

Index.

* Otophora sessilis, 480

Ottilis zeylanica, 415

Ozypleurodon, 106

55 stimpsom, 106

Oxyruyncua, 105

OxystToMA, 184, 135, 274, 289

OxystToMATA, 102, 135

Paederota, 59

- borealis, 64

Pacurin#, 516

Paguristes, 547, 526

5 hians, 527

oe puniceus, 517, 527

Eig eth pusillus, 518, 526

setosus, 529

Pagurus, 518

= abyssorum, 530

» dearmatus, 517, 518

5, deformis, 518

» elegans, 519

») pedunculatus, 518

» spiriger, 524

» tibicen, 518

raripes, 518

Palsemonella, 95

a laccadivensis, 95

PALEMONIDA, 95

Pana micranthum, 113

Pancovia rubiginosa, 425

PANDALID®, 92

Pandalus, 92

a oe alcocki, 88, 92

* of PTS: 107

3 paradoza, 107

eee 10

Papilio, 44

» aristolochiz, 43, 47

» demoleus, 45, 46, 47

» eurypylus, 44, 47

Paracelastrus, 342

Paracentroscyllium, 308, 310

3 ornatum, 308, 310

Paracyclois, 138

Paradicrolene, 309, 322

es multijilis, 322

5 nigricaudis, 322

5 vaillanti, 322

Paralepis, 307

Paraneg ne stns 421, 449

eh macrophyllum, 449, 450

* nitidum, 449, 450

Parapagur us, 516, 517, 529, 532, 533

5 aig ssc 530

33 affinis, 5380

* a andersoni, 517, 529, 531, 582

5 gracilis, 584

* 0 minutus, 517, 531

. monstrosus, 533

pilosimanus, 580

PARAPENEINA, 90

Parapenzus, 90

Indew.

Parapenzus fissurus, 90

Parascombrops, 311

pellucidus, 311

Parilia, "135, 165, 167,169, 191, ia 198

aieueke 198

*Pariphiculus, 185, 167, 171, 257

x coronatus, 258, 259

* rostratus, 258, 259, 296

Parishia, 461, 492

insignis, 492

var. pubescens, 492

oe », tomentosa, 493

Muinguyi, 492,493

pubescens, 492, 493

Paromolopsis, 102

boasi, 102

Par pnetrades, 318

glomerosus, 318

Parthenocissus cuspidifera, 113

= semicordata, 118, 397

PASIPHE IDA, 95

PEDIcULATI, 317

Pediculus marinus, 290

PEGASIDE, 320

Pegasus natans, 320

PENZIDS, 90

PenzIDEA, 90

Penaeus fissurus, 90

Pentacheles, 98

“A gitba, 98

phosphorus, 98

Pentaspadon, 461, 499

as officinalis, 499

53 velutinus, 498

Percis, 316

' 4, +tetracanthus, 316

Periphaneta americana, 42

Peristethus murrayi, 320

rivers-andersoni, 320

Persephona, 167

Philyra, 135, 165, 167, 168, 201, 234, 237

248, 254

‘adamsii, 238, 253

* : corallicola, 238, 247,296

globosa, 199, 238, 242, 243, 245,

246

”

» ”

te 238, 245, 247, 253

3» heterograna, 245

longimana, 242

platychira, 237, 238, 241, 242 °

polita, 243, 245

porcellana, 243

punctata, 242

» scabriuscula, 238, 239, 240, 241

* ., sexangula, 238, 241, 296

verrucosa, 238, 240, 247, 248

Philyzia, 166 :

ss erosa, 186, 189

Phoberus, 96

czecus, var, sublevis, 95

Photostomias, 309

Photostomias guernei, 310

*Phrynocephalus ewptilopus, 556

3 interscapularis, 556

rf luteo-guttatus, 557, 561

of maculatus, 555

ep olivieri, 555

* ornatus, 555

Phye, 95

» alcocki, 95

Physacheus, 106

ctenurus, 106

Physiculus, 321

3 argyropastus, 321

1 roseus, 321

PaHyYsostomi, 331

Physurus, 124

op Blumei, 124

cts herpysmoides, 124.

Pica rustica, 566

Platymera, 137, 138, 151

3 gaudichaudii, 151

Platytroctes, 335

A apus, 335

PLECTOGNATHI, 338

Plesionika, 93

a bifurca, 93

Pleuronectes, 305

PLEURONECTIDE, 305, 327

Pecilopsetta, 328

cp maculosa, 328

prelonga, 328

Pogonia, iA) =

* faleata, 129

* \, ' Hookeriana, 129

ry) macroglossa, 130

ee, Prainiana, 129

velutina, 130

Polyipnus, 331

a spinosus, 331

Polymizxia, 315

a nobilis, 315

Pomaderris capsularis, 377

Pometia, 420, 440

. alnifolia, 440, 442

sare Curtisti, 443

op eximia, 441

ee gracilis, 440, 441

is macrocarpa, 440

Pa pinnata, 440, 441, 443

* |, ~~ Ridleyi, 443

S ternata, 423

tomentosa, 441

Poner odon, 317

x vastator, 317

Pratincola maura, 566

Priacanthus, 311

yi 9 aah Shy

macracanthus, 311

Pri inia "lepida, 566

Prionotus alepis, 319

Promyllantor, 337

584

Promyllantor purpureus, 337

Prosopodasys leucogaster, 313

# af achinoides, 313

Psettyllis, 32

Ms ee aes 328

33 pellucida, 328

Pseudophilyra, 135, 165, 167, 168, 234,

248

ws As blanfordi, 249, 252, 296

35 hoedtu, 238, 234:

_ melita, 249, 253

99 pusilla, 249, 251

5 tridentata, 249, 250, 252

» wood-masom, 249, 250,

251, 296

Pseudoscopelus, 317

Pitelea viscosa, 451

Pterisanthes, 384,407, 408

35 cissoides, 407, 408

+5 coriacea, 407

a5 var. araneosa, 408

3 Rees antha, 407, 408, 409

os involucrata, 408

is pedata, 407,409

polita, 407

Pterocles arenar ius, 567

ss coronatus, 567

Pteroclurus Roreoel tans’ 567

Péeroidonus, 309

ey ois, 313

» macrura, 303,313

ae ogne asa, 567

Pycnocraspedum, 321

squamipinne, 321

Pylopagurus, 517, 522

4 magnimanus, 517, 518, 522

Pyrospermum calophyllwm, 355

Raja, 310

» mammillidens, 310

Rasipz#, 310

Randallia, 108, 185, 165, 167, 169, 191

198

coronata, 258

* ebwrnea, 193, 197

aes glans, 193, 195

granulata, 190, 194

5 granulosa, 194

lamellidentata, 190, 192, 195

% lanata, 192, 193

pustwlilabris, 192, 193,. 195,

197

pustulosa, 103, 190, 192, 196

Ranella, 520

Ranilia, 289

Rania, 135, 289

» dorsipes, 290

RANINIDA, 102, 134, 135, 186, 288

RANINIDEA, 135, 288

RanINIENs, 135, 288

RANINOIDEA, 288

Raninoides, 135, 289, 290, 292 -

Index.

Raninoides personatus, 293

serratifr ons, 293

Raninops, 289

Retinaria scandens, 384

RHAMNEZ, 370

Rhamnus acwminata, 377

op Jujuba, 372

5 noplia, 373

Rhesa Moja, 355

» paniculata, 355

Rhodospiza obsoleta, 567

RHoWe”R, 460

Rhomboidichthys, 328

+ angustifrons, 328

<p, azureus, 328

+ polylepis, 328

53 valde-rostratus, 328

Rhus, 461, 500

» Cobbe, 422

» Perakensis, 500

Rhynchanthus, 297, 298, 299

+ longiflorus, 297

Rivea, 537

» ornata, var. os 537

Rostellaria, 522, 524, 527, 533

Ruticilla erythronota, 566

3 rujiventris, 566

Sabia, 454, 455

5 floribunda, 456

» Uimonacea, 454

5 sumatrana, 454

viridissima, 455

SABIACER, 116, 453

Saccogaster, 323

a maculata, 323

Saccolabium, 122

BS acuminatum, 122

S lancifolium, 122

Sacculini, 164

Selanthus quadragonous, 398

. Salacia, 340, 3861, 362

a alternifolia. 362

Mioick campanuloidea, 361, 363

» flavescens, 362, 366, 368, 369

of CES var. dwmosa, 369

» grandiflora, 362, 363, 365

5 PS var. longifolia, 361,366

» Grifithti, 361, 364

* ,, Kunstleri, 362, 368

5, ~— laevigata, 360

» latifolia, 362, 366

» Lawsoni, 362, 369

» Lobbit, 362, 370

» longifolia, 365, 366

» macrantha, 366

3 macrophylla, 367

» Maingayi, 361, 363

» ovalis, 369

* |, Perakensis, 361, 364

3» platyphylla, 366

» podopetala, 367

Index. 585

Salacia polyantha, 362, 367

prinoides, 362, 366

yar. macrophylla, 367

riba, 362, 370

se Scortechinit, 861, 364

terminalis, 361

viminea, 361, 362

» Wightiana, 367

* Wrayi, 362, 367

Samaris, 327

a cristatus, 327

SAPINDACEA, 446

SAPINDACES, 115, 419

Sapindus adenophyllus, 446

bengalensis, 435

Danura, 427

frazinifolius, 425

longifolius, 425

monogyna, 435

montanus, 426

pinnatus, 424

Rarak, 424

rubiginosa, 425

saponaria, 424

squamosus, 444:

Sarcanthus, 123

Ze fe bambusarum, 123

Sarcogrammus indicus, 567

Sauromurenesoz, 338

‘3 voraz, 338

Saurus, 307

Sazicola albinigra, 566

55 deserti, 566

Scalpellum, 281

Scaptira ucutirostris, 560, 561

221 aporosceles, 559, 563

x scripta, 559

Schembra Valli, 112

Scuizopopa, 89

Schmidelia adenophylla, 423

Aporetica, 423

Cebbe, 423

dentata, 423

distachya, 423

glabra, 423

Kobbe, 423

orientalis, 423

ornitrophioides, 423

racemosa, 423

Rheedii, 423

ternata, 423

timorensis, 423

vestita, 423

ditlosa, 423

(Allophyllus) ornitrophioides,

Sciena ophiceps, 315

Scianectes, 329

lophoptera, 329

ap macrophthalmus, 329

ScILENIDZ, 315

Scincrpz, 561

ScrraMINEABR, 297, 298

SCLERODERMI, 338

ScoPpELARCHINA, 306

sp conclarchiue, 306, 332

Guentheri, 307, 332

Scopelengys, 333

3 tristis, 333

ScoPrripR, 306, 332

Scopelus, 807, 333

2) engraulis, 333

9 macrolepidotus, 333

~ pterotus, 333

3 pyssobolus, 333

op (Myctophum) pteretus, 333

Scopolia, 543

e lurida, 543

SUE 313

op bucephalus, 302, 313

5 erostris, 302, 313

ScoRP=NIDA, 302, 312

SCROPHULARINE®, 61

ScyLLARIDA, 98

SCYLLARIDEA, 98

ScyLiipz, 316

Scyllwwm, 310

os canescens, 510

an hispidum, 310

Scyphopetalum, 449

Scyramathia, 105

rivers-andersoni, 105

Scytalia bengaiensis, 435

a DBanura, 427

- Longan, 438

ce Ramboutan, 436

uy verticillata, 427

Sebastes, 312

5 bougainvillit, 302

‘ heranema, 312

*s muciparus, 312

i, serrulatus, 312

SELAGINER, 57

SEMECARPEM, 461

Semecarpus, 117, 461, 491, 508, 512

30 albescens, 512

a Anacardium, 509

PEs Curtisii, 508, 509

35 glawea, 512

a Grahami, 512

as grandifolia, 496, 497

gu heterophyllws, 510, 514

% i Kurzii, 508, 510

% 55 lucens, 508, 510

re lurida, 491

23 es Prainti, 508, 511

ss subracemosa, 117

eae subspathulatus, 117

x 3 velutina, 508

Sergestes, 92

4 robustus, 92

re rubroguttatus, 92

586 Index.

SERGHESTIDH, 92

SERRANIDA, 311

Sirembo nigripinnis, 322

Smythea, 371, 380

2 calpicarpa, 381, 362

” macrocarpa, 381

BS | op reticulata, 381

SoLANACEM, 541

Solanum, 541

90 albicaule, 543

5 Balbisii, 542

4 barbisetwm, 541

sata var. Griffithii, 541

” ferow, 542

x gracilipes, 543

me indicum, 542

445 mn var. 543

af inflatum, 542

A khasianuwm, 542

” Kurzii, 541

op pubescens, 541

var. lobata, 541

33 bb)

= scindicum, 542

33 sisymbriifoliwm, 542

35 subtruncatum, 541

Bp tribolatwm, 543

59 verbascifolium, 541

Solea, 329

» cyanea, 329

» oculus, 329

> wmbratilis, 329

» (Achirus) cyanea, 329

Hy 99 oculus, 829

Biel 3 umbratilis, 329

Solenocera, 91

a heatii, 88, 91

SOLENOCERINA, 91

Spatula clypeata, 567

Speleophorus, 166

SPINACTID&, 308, 310

Spiropagurus, 524, 526

ce spiriger, 517, 518, 524

Sponpia, 461

SQUAMIPINNES, 303, 312

Stagmaria verniciflua, 481

Staphylea indica, 415

Stellio nwptws, 555

Stenodactylus orientalis, 554

STERNCPTYCHIDA, 831

Sternoptyx, 331

5 diaphana, 331

Stigmaria verniciflua, 485

Stomias, 333

oe elongatus, 333

Fe nebulosus, 383

STOMIATIDA, 309, 333

Streptocephalus, 588

bengalensis, 538

Str ratios gira viridiflorum, 462

Swintonia, 460, 488, 492

3 Horibunden 490, 492

* Swintonia luwrida, 489, 491

p Penanaiana, 489, 490

a Schwenkii, 488, 489, 492

3 spicifera, 489, 490

var. Scortechinii, 491

Sympagurus, 517, 532, 534

is arcwatus, 534

Fe monstrosus, 517, 533, 534

op nudus, 532

pilimanus, 534

Synagr ops, 311

i. philippinense, 311

Synaptura, 329

» altipinnis, 329

i quagga, 329

Syndesmis elegans, 481

Tachybaptes minor, 567

Teniolabrus, 320

5 cyclograptus, 320

Taphrometopon lineolatum, 663

Taphrometopum lineolatum, 563

Tauredophidium, 323

rY) hextii, 323

TELEOSTEI, 311

Teratoscincus keyserlingii, 553

scincus, 553

Terebinthacea, 463

Tetragonopterus triangulum, 312

Tetrastigma, 386

lanceolarium, 395

5 pedunculare, 393

haumastomias, 309, 334

atrox, 310, 334

Thealia, 149

Thyrsites, 315

5 bengalensis, 315

o prometheoides, 315

Tinnunculus alaudarius, 567

Tipularia, 118, 119

Tlos, 135, 165, 166, 170, 175, i184

* ., patella, 176, 296

» petreus, 176, 177

Tonsella disperma, 360

3 prinoides, 367

Toxicodendrum Cobbe, 428

Trachichthys darwinit, 314

Sp inter medius, ol4

japonicus, 314

TRACHINIDS, 316

Triacanthodes, 338

5 ethiops, 338

TRICHIURID®, 315

TRICHONOTIDS, 320

Trichopeltarion, 103, 104

a nobile, 104

% ovale, 88, 103.

Trigla Amaeanaer. 319

Trigonachras, 42 1, 445

“ acuta, 445

Trigonocarpus littoralis, 346

Trochisandra indica, 355

_—

Index. 587

Turpinia, 421, 452

ea latifolia, 453

us martabanica, 453

a microcarpa, 453

a nepalensis, 453

~ pomiferea, 452

var. sphaerocarpa,

453

- sphaerocarpa, 453

TYMOLINA, 135, 136, 273, 274, 289

Tymolus, 274

Uhlias, 166

Upupa epops, 567

Uranoscopus, 316

bb) 2?

5 cognatus, 316

- crassiceps, 316

Uroconger, 338

ne vicinus, 338

Uromastiz asmussit, 557

Troptychus, 94, 101

Fe nitidus, 101

Usubis triphylla, 422

VANDER, 122

VARANIDA, 558

Varanus griseus, 558

Ventilago, 371, 378, 381

3 bracteata, 379

ie calyculata, 878, 379

% denticulata, 379

=e leiocarpa, 378, 380

53 lucens, 380

es macrantha, 379

5 macrocarpa, 382

ES var. pubescens, 382

me Madraspatana, 378, 380

Maingayi, 378, 879

es silhetiana, 379

a Smithiana, 379

sulphwurea, 379

Vi BaP, 52, 60

Vipera, 564

VIPERIDE, 564

Vitis, 108, 384, 395, 400, 408

», adnata, 109, 110, 887, 398, 405

* ., andamanica, 386, 393, 396, 406

» angulata, 110

» aquosa, 110

» assamica, 109

», assimilis, 113

» barbata, 110, 385, 387, 405

“ = var. trilobata, 388

» bracteolata, 114

» campylocarpa, 113

» cantoniensis, 386, 397, 407

5, carnosa, 403

» cerasiformis, 108, 109, 3887, 400,

- 402, 405

+ ie var. Wallichii, 400,

401

be cerifera, 108

>» cimnamonea, 385, 389, 391, 405

Vitis cinnamonea, var. compositifolia,

» compositifolia, 386, 391, 392, 407

», cordifolia, 111

», coriacea, 404

» costata, 110, 112, 399

» crenata, 403

», diffusa, 108, 401

5, discolor, 112, 387, 399, 405

», diversifolia, 399

» dubia, 113

» elegans, 386, 392, 407

» erroclada, 112

», furcata, 887, 399, 405

. 0 var. pubescens, 399

» gigantea, 110

» glaberrima, 108, 109, 387, 400, 401,

405

» glauca, 109, 110, 400

» gracilis, 385, 389, 405

» hastata, 108, 401

», Heyneana, 109, 111, 114

» Himalayana, 112, 113, 397

= a var. semicordata, 112,

113, 397

», mequalis, 399

», wmndica, 112

» japonica, 387, 403, 406

» Kleiniana, 109

* , Kunstleri, 386, 396, 406

», laeta, 110

», lanata, 111, 112, 388

», lanceolaria, 113, 386, 395, 406

», latifolia, 109, 112

» Lawsoni, 386, 394, 406

», Linnaei, 110

5, macrostachya, 385, 388, 405

», mollis, 403

», mollissima, 387, 402, 406

3, montana, 112

», Mottleyr, 391

», muricata, 395

» neilgherrensis, 112

» witida, 391

» novemfolia, 387, 394, 403, 406

», oxeyphylla, 113

», pallida, 109

» parvifolia, 111, 112

», pedata, 403

5, pedicellata, 114

» penduncularis, 386, 3938, 394, 406

», pentagona, 109

» polita, 407, 408

», polystachya, 386, 389, 390, 406

», polythyrsa, 386, 390, 407

», Pterisanthes, 408

» pubsflora, 393

» pycnantha, 113, 396

» pyrrhodasys, 110

» quadrangularis, 387, 398, 405

» repanda, 110, 112

588

Vitis repens, 109, 110, 112, 387, 398, 400,

405

» ryparia, 110

» rufula, 409

» rugosa, 111, 112, 388

» rumecisperma, 395

», sagittifolia, 108, 109, 401

*® ., Scortechiniwi, 386, 392, 405

chen var. pubescens, 392

5 semicordata, 112,113, 386, 396, 406

var. Roylei, 113, 397

Scortechinti, 1138,

397

39 ed

29 9? 9)

» serrulata, 114

» specifera, 389

», tenuifolia,'403

» thyrsiflora, 386, 390, 391, 407

» trifolia, 387. 402, 406

» tuberculata, 395, 396

5, vitiginea, 110

» Wightiana, 110, 112

* ,, Wrayi, 386, 304, 406

Xanthochymus Gualfolius. 369

Xenodermichthys, 335

a guenthert, 335

Xenomystaz, 338

- trucidans, 338

. Xerospermum, 420, 431

3 laevigatum, 431

e muricatum, 431

sea Norhonianum, 432

x 3 Wallichti, 431, 432

Zamenis diadema, 568

a Karelinii, 563

Index.

Zamenis ladacensis, 563

A rhodorachis, 563

Zanclifer, 289

ZLewnine, 125

» goodyeroides, 127

igi mr pulchra, 127

ZINGIBEREH, 297, 298

Zizyphus, 371

5 affinis, 372, 373

ra albens, 373

“i cdlophylla, 372, 374, 373

» celtidifolia, 373

A elegans, 371, 374

3 ferruginea, 373

3 glabra, 372, 375, 376, 377

3 glabratus, 376

‘ Horsfieldii, 372,

- Jujuba, 371, 372

Teas Kunstleri, 371, 373

i mauritiana, 372

Fe Napeca, 373

P,. Oenoplia, 371, 37Z

Fe ornata, 375

i pallens, 373

ie pedicellata, 373

rufula, 373

- rugosa, 376

373, 376

a scandens, 373

A Sororia, 372

43 subguinquenervis, 374

- trinervia, 376

Pn trinervius, 372, 376

35 e var. glabratus, 376

45 venulosa, 376

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CONTENTS.

Novicie Indice XI. Two additional species of Lagotis—By

_ D. Prarn. (Plates I and IT) Bs ep ue

On the Transformation of Huypochlorites to Chlorates : jee the —

Blliott Prize Hssay for 1895.—By JyotisuusHan Buanpuni, M.A,

Offg. Demonstrator of Chemistry in the Presidency College,

Calcutta. (Plates III-V) Sheek er Bt

On the Decomposition of Mercwrous Chloride and Estimation of Free

Chlorine—By Jyov1wHusHan Buapuri, M.A. pe se

Natural History Notes from the R. I. M. Survey Steamer, ‘ Investi-

gator,’ Commander C. F. Oldham, R. N., commanding. Series

II, No. 21. An Account of the Deep Sea Crustacea collected

during the season, 1894-95,—By A. R. S. Anpersoy, B.A.,

M.B., Surgeon Naturalist to the Survey ee eee

Novicie Indice XII. Description of a new genus of Orchidacer. —- 3 ee

ee gee 2 By BRAIN: 35 ee a is SOBRE

Notes on the Indian species of vies Linn.—-By GrorcE tone M.B., (i

Baier nt 8 _LLD., F.R.S., C.LE., Superintendent of the Royal Botanic 7358

ae —. Garden, Calcutta e .. 1062 ae

«Description of some New Tdi Trees. By Gepace ‘Kanes M.BS eee 4

GED. TRS... Cai. Superintendent of the oe yal Botanic ae

Garden, Calcutta a ae 114-3

A secgnd series of New Orchids from Chlesin, —By G. Kine np @

R. PantLinG ... ae ee meee eS

Materials for a Carcinological Fauna of Takes No. 2. The Brachy-.

wa Oxystoma.—By A. Aucock, M.B., C.M.Z.S., Superintend-—

ent of the Indian Museum. {Plates VI-VIII) ... eas

On Croftia, a new Indo-Chinese genus of Scitamineae.—By G. Kine

anp D. Praiy. (Plate IX) unk 2 a

OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY.

foe

The Proceedings of the Asiatic Society are issued ten times a year

as soon as possible after the General Meetings which are held on the first

_ Wednesday in every month in the year except September and October ;

_ they contain an account of the meeting with some of the shorter aaa

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Anthropology, Ethnology, etc.

Each Part is issued in four or five numbers, and the whole forms

_ three complete volumes correspending to the year of publication.

The Journal of the Asiatic Society was commenced in the year J.832,

previous to which the papers read before the Society were published in

_ a quarto periodical, entitled Asiatic Researches, of which twenty volumes

- were issued between the years 1788 and 1839.

‘The Journal was published regularly, one volume corresponding to

- each year from 1832 to 1864; in that year the division into two parts

above-mentioned was made and since that date two volumes have been

issued regularly every year. From 1894 an additional volume, Part III,

is issued.

The Proceedings up to Re year 1864, were bound up with the

Journal but since that date have been separately issued every year.

- The following is a list of ‘the Asiatic Society’s publications relating

to Physical Science, still in print, which can be obtained at the Society’s

House, No. 57 Park Street, Calcutta, or from the Society’s Agents in

jondon, Messrs. Luzac & Co., 46 Great Russell Street, W. C.; and from

. Otto Harrassowitz, Leipzig, Germany.

iatic Researcues. Vols. VII, Vols. XII and XVII, and

pice Vols. XIX and XX @10/ each Rs. 80 0

BEDINGS of the Asiatic Society from 1865 to 1869 (inel.) @

1858 (5), 1861 (4), 1862 (5), 1864 Or 1866 , 367

1868 (6), 1869 (8), 1870 (8), 1871 (7), 1872 ®), Bae

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Nos. in eae Volume.

Centenary Review of the Researches of the Sodeby from =

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Theobald’s Catalogue of ie ple in the Museum of the Asintie zt

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Catalogue of Mammals and Birds of Baraat = E. Blyth

(Extra No., J: ASS. B., 1875) . ;

Catalogue of Fossil Vertebrata ..._ cates i

Catalogue of the Library of the Asiatic Society, Bengal ta

Moore and Hewitson’s Descriptions of New Indian Lepidoptera,

Parts I-III, with 8 coloured Plates, 4to. @ a each

EW SERIES. VOL. LXV. COCELIVE

- JOURNAL

OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL

Wer LXV. Part Il, No. 3,—1896,

EDITED BY

“The bounds of its investigation will be the geographical limits of Asia: and

within these limits its inquiries will be extended to whatever is performed by

man or produced by nature.”—Sir WILLIAM JONEs.

‘i ot Sas at a) i ti iviaitios wid , SN sided verdes t=

ag Lee Sas FY Fee boys 1 5 F

. ' ’

a a OI ON A AG a et} ae at

*,* Communications should be sent wnder cover to the Secretaries, Asiat. Soc.,

to whom all orders for the work are to be addressed in India; or care of

Messrs. Luzac § Co., 46, Great Russell Street, London, W. C., or Mr.

Otto Harrassowitz, Leipzig, Germany.

CALCUTTA:

PRINTED AT THE PAPTIST MISSION PRESs,

AND PUBLISHED BY THE

PASIATIC SOCIETY, 57, FARK STREET,

1896. ee

exclusive of postage) to Members, Re. 1-8.—T'o Non-Members, Rs, 2.

zs _. _ -Price in England, 3 Shillings.

Issued 1st October, 1896,

Natural History Notes from H. M. Indian Marine Survey St

‘Investigator,’ Conumander OC. F. Oldham, R. N., comma 2

Series I], No. 23. A Supplementary List of the Marine F

of India, with Descriptions & 2 New Genera and B .

lve T ast Museum i

MB., ius De Rie. 7 Css E.. winendae of the

Botanic Garden, Cacti Banas ose Ps .

Natural History Notes from H. M. Indian Marine Survey Stea

ies ‘Investigator,’ Commander C. F. Oldham, R. N., commandin

Series H, No. 24. Report on the Paguride collected during ‘the

Season 1893-94.— By J. R. Henperson, M.B., F.LS., Fellow

of the University of Mi gatas, Professor of Biology in the Madr 8

Christian College aes aes ee

Noviciee Indices XIII. Further Notes on Indian canna

with Doser iptions 7 Three Additional Species.— By BD. Prax”

Musenm Has Hoe os

ONT NN NSN SS ere

OF THE

ASTATIC SOCIETY.

=a Se

The Proceedings of the Asiatic Society are issued ten times a year

as soon as possible after the General Meetings which are held on the first

_ Wednesday in every month in the year except September and October ;

=< they contain an account.of the meeting with some of the shorter and

less important papers read at it, while only titles or short resumés of the

- longer papers, which are subsequently published in the Jowrnal, are given.

x _~——s-' The Journal consists of three entirely distinct and separate volumes :

2 Part I, containing papers relating to Philology, Antiquities, etc.; Part Il

containing papers relating to Physical Science, and Part III devoted to

Anthropology, Ethnology, etc.

Each Part is issued in four or five numbers, and the whole forms

three complete volumes corresponding to the year of publication.

The Journal of the Asiatic Society was commenced in the year J.832,

"previous to which the papers read before the Society were published in

a quarto periodical, entitled Asiatic Researches, of which twenty volumes

“were issued between the years 1788 and 1839.

The Journal was published regularly, one volume corresponding to

each year from 1832 to 1864; in that year the division into two parts

_ above-mentioned was made and since that date two volumes have been

i issued regularly every year. From 1894 an additional volume, Part ITI,

_is issued.

The Proceedings up to the year 1864, were bound up with the

Journal but since that date have been separately issued every year.

% The following is a list of the Asiatic Society’s publications relating

_ to Physical Science, still in print, which can be obtained at the Society’s

House, No. 57 Park Street, Calcutta, or from the Society’s Agents in

London, Messrs. Luzac & Co., 46 Great Russell Street, W. C.; and from

_ Mr. Otto Harrassowitz, Leipzig, Germany. ;

OU ecu: Vols) VII, Vols. XIIt and XVII, and

Vols. XIX and XX @10/ each Rs. 80 0

/ per No.; and from 1870 to date @ /8/ per No.

AL of the Asiatic Society for 1843 (12), 1844 (12), 1845

1858 (5), 1861 (4), 1862 (5), 1864 (5), 1866 o, 18 3

1868 (6), 1869 (8), 1870 (8), 1871 (7), 1872 (8), 1873

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-— Suppl.), 1891 (7), 1892 (7 and Suppl.), 1893 (11), 1894

Pas (8), 1895 (7) @ 1/8 per No. to Members and @ 2/ per

an, . No. to Non-Members. :

N. B.—The figures enclosed in brackets give the number a i

Nos. in each Volume. “S

- Centenary Review of the Researches of the rece, from 1784-—

: 6 1883 3 ave aoe eee ove Ra.

oe Theobald’s Catalogue of Replies in the Museum of the Asiatic |

Society (Extra No., J. A. 8. B., 1868) — “5 fe

: Catalogue of Mammals and Birds of Rath, by E. Blyth

5 (Hxtra No. J. A'S. B., 1875) "ia 5 | ee

‘Catalogue of Fossil Vertebrata 2 Pana rhage ers re

Catalogue of the Library of the Asiatic Society, Beneak .

: Moore and Hewitson’s Descriptions of New Indian Lepidoptera, oe:

- Parts I-III, with 8 coloured Plates, 4to. @ 6/ each ae

we wo eee

CCCLVII.

———

JOURNAL

OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,

Vol. LXV, Part II, No. 4.—1896.

EDITED BY

JHE Natura fitstory SEcRETARY.

pit

uo NT Li

“ The bounds of its investigation will be the geographical limits of Asia: and

within these limits its inquiries will be extended to whatever is performed by

man or produced by nature.’—Sir WILLiam JONES.

*,* Communications should be sent under cover to the Secretaries, Asiat. Soc.,

to whom all orders for the work are to be addressed in India; or care of

Messrs. Luzac & Co., 46, Great Russell Street, London, Ww. C., or Mr.

Otto Harrassowitz, Reman, Germany.

CALCUTTA:

PRINTED AT THE PaApTIST MISSION fRESS,

AND PUBLISHED BY THE

PSIATIC SOCIETY, 5J, PARK STREET,

1897.

Price i in England, 3 ae

Issued April 12th, 1897.

CONTENTS.

Notes on the action of Nitric Oaide on Alkalies—By A. Pepier.

E.R.S., and JYOTIBHUSHAN Buapvnr, M. A. Beg bey

cus Notes on New Salts of Cobalt and Nickel. aes * “?

NAGENDRA Cuanpra Nac, M.A. Communicated by ALEX, :

Pepuer, F.R.S. 55 see aoe oi pnems

An Account of the Reptilia collected by Dr. F. P. Maynard,

Captain A. H. McMahon, C.IE., and the Members of the — Pe

Afghan-Baluch Boundary Commission of 1896.—By A.

~ ALCOCK, M.B., C.M.Z.8., Superintendent of the Indian

Museum, and F. Finn, B.A., F.Z.S., Deputy Superin- —

ae tendent of the Indian Museum (Plates XI-XV.) 3 =

oe List of the Birds collected by the Afghan-Baluch Boundary Com-

ea —mussion of 1896.—By F. Finn, B.A., F.Z.S., Deputy

Superintendent of the Indian Musewm ee Paige

Sees

OF THR

STA riC SOCTE TY.

—=9 De

- The Proceedings of the Asiatic Society are issued ten times a year

as soon as possible after the General Meetings which are held on the first

Wednesday in every month in the year except September and October

_ they contain an account of the meeting with some of the shorter and

less important papers read at it, while only titles or short resumés of the

longer papers, which are subsequently published in the Journal, are given: Se:

The Journal consists of three entirely distinct and separate volumes :

Part I, containing papers relating to Philology, Antiquities, ete.; Part IT

containing papers relating to Physical Science, and Part III devoted to

_ Anthropology, Ethnology, ete. : oe

- Each Part is issued in four or five numbers, and the whole forms

7, three complete volumes corresponding to the year of publication,

5 ‘The Journal of the Asiatic Society was commenced in the year J.832.

previous to which the papers read before the Society were published in

a quarto,periodical, entitled Asiatic Researches, of which twenty volumes

were issued between the years 1788 and 1839.

— ——-—s*The Journal was published regularly, one volume corresponding to

each year from 1832 to 1864; is. that year the division into two parts

_ above-mentioned was made and since that date two volumes have been

issued regularly every year. From 1894 an additional volume, Part ITI,

is issued.

Vaethe Pr eee dings up to the year 1864, were bound up with the

al but pince that date have Dees ey eG every year.

Astanio Respancus. Vols. VII, Vols. XIII and XVII, and ah

Vols. XIX and XX @10/ each Rs. 80 O55

pines of the Asiatic Society from 1865 to 1869 (inel.) @ :

De er No. ; ; and from 1870 to date @ /8/ per No.

\ ee

1858 (5), 1861 (4), 1862 (5), 1864 (5), 1866 (7), 1867 (6), —

- 1868 (6), 1869 (8), 1870 (8), 1871 (7), 1872 (8), 1873 (8),

1874 (8), 1875 (7), 1876 (7), 1877 (8), 1878 (8), 1879 (7),

1880 (8), 1881 (7), 1882 (6), 1883 (5), 1884 (6), 1885 (6),

1886 (8), 1887 (7), 1888 (7), 1889 (10), 1890 (9 and 2

Suppl.), 1891 (7), 1892 (7 and Suppl.), 1893 (11), 1894

(8), 1895 (7) @ 1/8 per No. to Members and @ 2/ per

No. to Non-Members.

N. B.—The figures enclosed in brackets give the number of

Nos. in each Volume. "

- Centenary Review of the Researches of the Society from 1784-

1883 2 nee Rs.

Theobald’s Catalogue of Hepiesg in ihe Mian of the Asiatic

Society (Extra No., J. A. S. B., 1868) ...

poe icles of Meadraals and Binds of Burmah, by E. Blyth

‘(Extra No., J. A. S. B., 1875) . & ese

eae of Fossil Vertebrata ays

Catalogue of the Library of the Asiatic Baceiy. Borigal vol

‘Moore and Hewitson’s Descriptions of New Indian Lepidoptera,

Parts I-III, with 8 coloured Plates, 4to. @ 6/ each -