THE

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF

CONCHOLOGISTS.

VOL. XI.

MAY, 1897, to APRIL, 1898.

PHILADELPHIA :

Published by H. A. PILSBKY and C. V,r. JOHNSON.

H'

INDEX

TO

THE NAUTILUS, VOL. XI.

INDEX TO TITLES AND SPECIES DESCRIBED.

Achatina Crawford! Melv. viviparous 69

Actieon Traskii Stearns, n. sp 14

Ariolimax californicus 76

Ariolimax costaricensis 77

Agriolinmx, notes on (illustrated) '15

Amphidromus Eudeli Ancey, n. sp 63

Amphidromus Fultoni Ancey, n. sp 62

Ampullaria, sinistral 33

Auoinia navicelloides Aldrich, n. sp. (Eocene) 87

Bothriopupa Pils 119

Bolinas, California; The conchologists paradise .... 49

Breeding sinistral Helices 70

" Bulimi " from the Hebrides, on two so-called 26

Bullia buccinoides Merriam, n. sp. (M. Eocene) .... 64

Bullia Uruguayensis Pilsl)ry, n. sp 6

Callista varians in Florida 33

Cancellaria annosa Aldricb, n. sp. (Eocene) 97

Cancellaria graciloides Aldricb, n. sp. (Eocene) .... 98

Cancellaria graciloides var. bella Aldrich, n. var. (Eocene) 98

Cancellaria lanceolata Aldrich, n. sp. (Eocene) .... 27

Catalogue of American laud shells with localities, 45, 59,

7J,83, 93, 105, 117, 127

Cathaica Funki Ancey, n. sp 16

Ccelocentrum astrophorea Dall, n. sp 62

Collecting at Ballast Point 67

Collecting in Monterey Bay 23

Collection of Mollusks from Grand Tower, Illinois ... 28

Conchological notes from Louisiana 3

Coralliophaga, a new subgeuus of 135

(iii)

IV THE NAUTILUS.

Cyprteidse, Hawaiian 123

Cyptherea Newcombei Merriam, n. sp. (M. Neocene) . . 64

Cyptherea vancouverensis Merriam, n. sp. (M. Neocene) 64

Diplomorplia ruga and Bernieri 26

Editorial correspondence 66

Epiphragmophora californiensis var. contracostee .... 54

Eucalodium hippocastaneum Ball, n. sp 61

Florida shells 31

Fresh water shells in the northeast of Maine 9

Gastrodonta collisella percallosa Pilsbry, n. var 134

Gastrodonta (Taxeodonta) lamellidens Pilsbry, n. sp. . . 134

Halistylus-circumstriatus Pilsbry, n. sp 7

Haplopupa Pi Is 119

Helices, description of three new Eulotse from Central

Asia 16

Helicina Dysoni 13

Helicina Funcki Ancey 87

Heliciua Rabei Pilsbry, n. sp. . 34, 87

Helix devia var. Clappi Hemphill, n. var 74

Helix (Lysince) queretaroana Dall, n.sp 73

Helix (Lysinoe) sebastiana Dall, n. sp 73

Helix, note on a californian 54

Helix plectotropis var. uniforrais Ancey 17

Hemphillia camelus Pilsbry & Vanatta, n. sp 44

Holospira (Haplostemma) Cockerelli Dall, n. sp. . . 61

Holospira (Haplostemma) Hamilton! Dall, n. sp. . 38

Isaac Lea Chapter of the Agassiz Association, 9, 23, 30,

42, 57, 67, 80, 89, 104

Landshells from Malay Peninsula, note on ... 37

Littorina littorea, variations of, 137

Margaritana marginata var. truncata B. H. Wright, n.

var 124

Melania yokohamensis Hartman, n. sp 41

Modiola plicatula Lamarck, an extinct locality . . . 102

Mollusca contemporaneous with the Mastodon

Mollusks collected in Maldonado Bay, Uruguay by Dr.

Wm. H. Rush 6

Nanina (Macrochlamys?) diadema Dall, n. sp. 37

Nassa Newcombei Merriam, n.- sp 65

Nautilus pompilius in Southern New South Wales ... 43

THE NAUTILUS. V

New species of Tertiary Mollusca from Vancouver Island 64

Notes and news

33, 43, 69, 90

Notes on Quebec Pupidse and other shells 110

Notes on slugs 75

Odontostomia raatthewsensis Aldrich, n. sp. (Eocene) . 87

Ommastrephea Bartramii 6

Oryctoraya, a new subgenus of Coralliophaga 135

Oryctomya claibornensis Dall, n. sp. (Eocene) .... 135

Oxychona unmasked 87

Paravitrea Pils 130

Partula, notes and corrections 44

Patella geometrica Merriam, n. sp. (M. Miocene) ... 65

Pecteu Davidson Dall, n. sp. . 86

Pecten Palmeri Dall, n. sp 85

Pecten Randolph! Dall, n. sp 86

Pinnidre of the United States and West Indies, Synopsis

of 25

Pisidium abyssorum (Stimpson) Sterki, n. sp 124

Pisidium pauperculum var. Nylanderi Sterki, n. var. . . 125

Pisidium Singleyi Sterki, n. sp 112

Pisidium splendidtilum Sterki, n. sp 113, 124

Pleas, Elwood (Obituary) 114

Polygyra Ferrissi Pilsbry, n. sp 92

Polygyra Mearnsii Dall in New Mexico 69

Polygyra Nelsoni Dall, n. sp 74

Polygyra rhyssa Dall, n. sp 2

Prophysaon Andersoni 79

Prophysaon fasciatum

Prophysaon foliolatum 78

Prophysaon Hemphilli • • • . 78

Prophysaon huinile 79

Proposed census of Michigan Mollusca 98

Pseudiberus anisopleurus Ancey, n. sp 17

Pseudiberus uniformis Ancey, n. sp 17

Publications received 34, 44, 69, 115, 126

Punctum californicum Pilsbry, n. sp 134

Punctum Clappi Pilsbry, n. sp

Pupa ingersolli Anc 136

Pupa montanella Ckll 136

VI THE NAUTILUS.

Pupa sublnbrica Anc 136

Purpura lapillus 57

Quarter-decks and jingles [Crepidula and Anomia] ... 38

Schazicheila Hidalgoana Dall, n. sp 62

Sigaretus Oldroydii Dall, n. sp 85

Sterkia Pils 119

Taxeodonta Pils 132

Teletremata Pils 144

Turritella diversilineata Merriam, n. sp. (Miocene) . . 65

Unio Buxtoni B. H. Wright, n. sp 40

Unio Diazensis S. H. Wright, n. sp 5

Uuio gibbosa var. armathwaitensis B. H. Wright, n. var. 123

Unio (Larapsilis) amphichreuus Frierson, n. sp 109

Unio Pinei B. H. Wright, n. sp 40

Unio reclusus B. H. Wright, n. sp Ill

Unio Suttoni B. H. Wright, n. sp 58

Unio Swordianus S. H. Wright, u. sp 4

Unio triuraphans B. H. Wright, n. sp 101

Unio Walkeri B. H. Wright, u. sp 91

Unios, notes on the classification of 18

Uvanilla regina, a new locality 1

Vallonia parvula and Pupa Holzingeri at Put-in-Bay,

Lake Erie '. 82

Vitrea Raderi Dall, n. sp 100

INDEX TO CONTRIBUTORS.

Aldricb, T. H • . . 27, 97

Ancey, C.F 16,26,62,66,87

Baker, Frank C 28

Baldwin, D. D 123

Beck, Mrs. M. L 89

Clapp.Geo. H 69

Cockerell, T. D. A 15, 69, 75, 136

Cox, Dr. J. C 44

Dall, Wm. H 2,25,37,61,73,85,100,135

Ferriss, Jas. H 135

Frierson, Lorraine, S 3, 109

Hanham, A. W 110

Hartman, W. D 41, 44

Hemphill, Henry • • . . 74

Johnson, C. W 114

King, Mrs. E. H 23

Lawrence, Mrs. E. A 42

Letson, Jennie E 33

Lowe, H 80

Merriam, John C 64*

Nylander, Olof 0 9

Pilsbry, Henry A 6,34,45,54,87,92,133

Simpson, Charles T 13, 18

Stearns, R. E. C 1,14,38,102

Sterki, Dr. V 112,124

Vanatta, E. G 44

Walker, Bryant 82, 98, 121

Wentworth, Mrs. D. J 17

White. J. J 31

Williamson, Mrs. M. Burton 31,89

Wood, Williard M 49

Wright, Berlin H 40, 55, 91, 101, 111, 123

Wright, S. Hart 4

(vii)

THE NAUTILUS.

VOL. XI. MAY, 1897. No. 1.

TJVANILLA REGINA, A NEW LOCALITY.

BY EOBT. E. C. STEARNS.

A few days since, Mr. Charles H. Lawrence, who resides on Boyle

Heights in this city, submitted to me for identification a specimen

of this fine species which he collected about Christmas, 1895, on

San Clemente Island, latitude 32° 55' N., longitude 118° 30' W.

This find of Mr. Lawrence's carries the species so far to the north as

to include it in the faunal list of California proper. The prelimi-

nary description of U. regina was published in the THE NAUTILUS

for December, 1892, and was subsequently described more fully in

theProc. U. S. Nat. Museum, Vol. XVI, 1893, pp. 350-51, from a

specimen collected by Capt. 3. D. Porter, of San Diego, Cal., on

Guadaloupe Island off the coast of Lower California in latitude 29°

N., longitude 118° W.

As this easily recognizable species is exceedingly rare at this date,

it may be well to note that examples are contained in the collec-

tions of the National Museum (No. 125314), of Henry Hemphill

and Miss Cooke, San Diego, and of Mr. Lawrence, above-named.

The Hemphill and Cooke sp'ecimens are part of the lot collected by

Capt. Porter.

In my paper on " The Shells of the Tres Marias and Other Lo-

calities along the Shores of Lower California and the Gulf of Cali-

fornia," this form is listed, as the island of Guadaloupe belongs to

Mexico.

In Dr. J. G. Cooper's " Catalogue of Marine Shells collected

chiefly on the eastern shore of Lower California," etc., published in

2 THE NAUTILUS.

the Proc. Cal. Acad. Sciences (Series 2, Vol. V, p. 36), he makes the

following remarks concerning my " Tres Marias, etc.," list : " Out

of 294 in the catalogue, about 200 occur in the Gulf and several

others on the west coast. It is not, therefore, as complete a list of

Gulf shells as we might expect from collections made by the U. S.

Fish Commission Steamer 'Albatross,' with its facilities for dredg-

ing and collecting otherwise." As my paper does not purport to be

a list of the "Albatross " collections in the regions under considera-

tion, but only includes incidentally such species as were collected by

the "Albatross " naturalists at a few points only, viz., " Baelenas

and Pichelinque Bays, etc., so far as the same have been worked up

at this date," as is distinctly stated, further comment is unnecessary.

Los Angeles, Cal., April 5, 1897.

ON A NEW FORM OF POLYGYRA FROM NEW MEXICO.

BY W. H. BALL.

Polygyra rhyssa Dall, n. sp.

Shell of six rounded whorls, dark yellowish-brown, the suture

rather deep and the spire low but not flattened ; nuclear whorls

nearly smooth, the rest of the shell rather coarsely obliquely stri-

ated, the last fourth of the last whorl with rather sharp elevated

riblets with wider interspaces and a marked constriction behind the

reflected peristome ; umbilicus small, deep ; periphery above the

middle of the whorl rounded, the entire surface more or less dis-

tinctly finely spirally striate; aperture subcircular, oblique, with a

reflected and rather solid peristome with a small obscure thicken-

ing on its basal part, a light wash of callus over the body, and

slightly within the aperture a small oblique elongated parietal den-

ticle. Major diameter 17, minor diameter 14; height 9 mm.

White Mountains of New Mexico, Ashmun.

This species is about the size of P. chiricahuana Dall, from which

it differs by its strong sculpture, somewhat larger umbilicus, more

distinct suture and oral armature. The form of the mouth resem-

bles that of P. pseudodonta Dall, but the basal thickening of the lip

is not notched and the shell is decidedly larger, more coarsely sculp-

tured and somewhat darker in color. It forms another illustration

of the effect of insulation on the mountain peaks by arid lowlands

THE NAUTILUS.

in producing differentiation in a single type of shell. P. levettei,

chiricahuana, ashmuni, pseudodonta and rhyssa are obviously off-

shoots of a common stock.

CONCHOLOGICAL NOTES FROM LOUISIANA.

BY LORRAINE S. FRIERSON.

Being, so far as I know, the only student of conchology in Louis-

iana, perhaps a few notes may be of interest.

My station consists of an arm of Red River (Bayou Pierre), a

lake and numerous creeks.

In these waters occur about 50 species of Mollusca, of which 30

are Unionidae. An interesting fact, and one which I have never

seen mentioned, is the sharp line of separation between the forms

found in the creeks and those growing in the Red River waters.

In the creeks are found 5 Unios and 2 Anodontas. While in the

Red River waters are found 25 Unionidse. No creek shell grows in

Red River waters (with but two exceptions noted below) and no

species living in Red River waters are ever found in the creeks.

At the junction of a creek with the river occurs a zone where no

mollusca can be found. The exceptions noted are U. texasensis Lea,

which, while pre-eminently a creek shell, is found sparingly in Red

River waters. Another possible exception is in the case of U. de-

dims Say. This shell is found abundantly in the creeks, and grows

to a large size. A rather rare shell is found in the Red River waters

which is said by our authorities to be a form of U. declivis Say

known as tetralasmus Say or geometricus Lea.

Declivis proper never occurs in the Red River waters, nor does

tetralasmus ever grow in creek waters. Perhaps this fact will help

show that these shells are really distinct species and not synonyms.

The most variable and, perhaps, the most abundant Unio is U.

multiplicatus Lea. West of the Mississippi drainage this shell

merges into U. eightsii Lea, and here, at the middle ground, a mix-

ture of types is seen. An interesting shell is sparingly found here,

close to its extreme southern limit, probably. It is a dwarfed,

almost " run out " form of U. donaciformis Lea. Another " Yankee

down south " is a very small but brilliantly colored Anodonta sub-

orbiculata Say. It is found in the soft, deep mud of Edwards' Lake,

and disputes its territory with Anodonta virens Lea. A. imbecilis

THE NAUTILUS.

also grows with these, but does not live in the mud, but escapes this

by growing in the fissures of the cypress trees, a prisoner for life, by

choice.

Thus far my researches have been productive of one new species,

U.friersoni Wright, and the extending of habitat of three shells.

But I hope to accomplish much more in the future, which, if suc-

cessful, will be given to the readers of THE NAUTILUS.

Frierson Mill, DeSoto Parrish, Louisiana.

CONTRIBUTION TO A KNOWLEDGE OF UNITED STATES UNIONIDJE.

BY S. HART WRIGHT.

( Concluded.*)

Unio Swordianus sp. nov.

Shell oval, massive, very inequilateral, rounded before, highly

arched above and rounded at base, very bluntly pointed behind.

Sides flattish, constricted slightly or not at all, and the umbonal

ridge usually obsolete. Epidermis brownish or somewhat horn-

colored, rayless, and the surface roughened with close growth-lines.

Ligament darkened, heavy, short and much elevated. Beaks

pointed, small and very low. Beak cavity shallow, extending

slightly under both cardinal and lateral teeth, thus making it very

broad and with obtusely rounded sides. Cardinal teeth double in

the left valve, single in the right and smoothish, or crested and

short. Lateral teeth heavy, slightly curved, wide apart, arising

from a thick dorsal plate. The cardinal of right valve with an ob-

long groove at its base. Cicatrices distinct ; dorsal cicatrices con-

fluent into an oblong groove under the dorsum. Pallial impression

deep and denticulate. Nacre usually pure white, often more or less

with waxy discolorations or mottlings or even dirty white. Width

4 inches, length 2, diameter 1|.

Habitat : Powell's Creek, Lee Co., Va.

Remarks : Affinity, U. bursapastoris B. H. Wright and U. abacus

Hald. Our shell differs from the first in having a lighter epider-

mis, an arched dorsum, shell cavity greater, beak cavity very much

less, being nearly extinct, and the posterior dorsal area narrower

and very abrupt in its descent. From U. abacus it differs in the

beak cavity, and is much more inequilateral. Ten specimens were

obtained from the collector, Mr. T. F. Sword, for whom it is named.

THE NAUTILUS. 0

TJnio Diazensis sp. nov.

Shell small, oval, thin, bluutly or truncately pointed behind, and

biangulated there; rounded obliquely in front, the curve meeting

the dorsal line with a distinct angle. Epidermis reddish-brown,

lighter above on the first growth, finely and obscurely striate with

minute scales, more apparent near the base. Lines of growth dis-

tant, about two. Rays nearly obsolete, or, if present, seen faintly on

the anterior end, or on the first growth. Umbonal ridge well-de-

fined, rather narrow. Posterior slope rather broad and raised into

a keel. Dorsal line nearly straight. Umbos small, broad and not

raised. Beaks with a double series of granular undulations. Dor-

sal plate thin. Shell cavity rather deep and broad. Beak cavities

slight. Cardinal teeth very small and light, more or less com-

pressed. Lateral teeth very narrow, slim and nearly straight.

Anterior cicatrices distinct ; posterior confluent. Cardinal of right

valve single. Dorsal scars under the plate. Nacre salmon or cop-

pery. Width H inches, length ^, diameter ?.

Habitat : Lake Diaz, Volusia Co., Florida.

Remarks: In 1887 we gathered about 2,000 of these little thin

shells in Lake Diaz, no other Unio being found in that lake, except

U. amygdalum Lea. They were always in white sand, with clear

and rather shallow water, and nearly all of one size. Affinity, U.

fuscatus Lea, from which our shell differs in being smaller, less trans-

verse, more inflated, having a much higher umbonal ridge well

marked, while in U- fuscatus the ridge is nearly or quite obsolete.

From U. coruscus Gould the Diaz shell differs in having always thin

lateral teeth, a thin dorsum and smaller cardinals and a high keel,

and is always a thinner shell. It differs from U. fryanus B. H.

Wright in being much less polished, lighter, less solid, fewer rayed,

greater umbonal ridge and more attenuated in front. In a "Check

List of N. A. Uniouid?e," published in 1888, a species of Unio was

listed as " U. diasensis," but was never published, and therefore does

not preoccupy the similar name now given above.

Note. — Types of all the above species will be sent to the National

Museum and duplicates of the types to the Academy of Natural

Sciences of Philadelphia.

ERRATA. — In THE NAUTILUS, X, No. 12, page 136, first line, for

" triangular, clavate," read " triangular-clavate." Eighth line, for

" narrower," read "narrow." Page 137, ninth line above the bot- .

torn, for " groove in the," read " groove under the."

6 THE NAUTILUS.

LIST OF MOLLUSKS COLLECTED IN MALDONADO BAY, URUGUAY, BY

DR. WM. H. RUSH, U. S. N.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

In the NAUTILUS for September, 1896, a list maybe found of the

non-marine mollusca collected in Uruguay and Argentine Republic

by Dr. Rush. Descriptions of the new species mentioned in that

paper have been published in subsequent numbers, and in the Pro-

ceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for

1896, pp. 360-365, and plates 26, 27, and Manual of Conchology,

2d ser., Vol. XI.

The marine shells obtained by him while with the South Atlantic

Squadron were nearly all taken in MaldonadoBay, dredged in from

three to six fathoms of water, the limpets, etc., from the shore ex-

cepted. The few forms collected elsewhere than at Maldouado and

vicinity have the localities indicated below. In this connection it

may be mentioned that the squids which jumped aboard the Yantic,

as described by Dr. Rush in NAUTILUS, VI, p. 82, turn out to be

Ommastrephes Bartramii. Among the forms enumerated below and

in the several published lists of shells from this general region, it is

somewhat remarkable that some groups usually rather numerous,

such as Rissoidce, are not represented. The occurrence of a number

of northern species is also noteworthy. There are also in the series

collected about a dozen forms found only in poor condition and not

yet identified. The descriptions of new species will shortly appear,

with figures, in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.

GASTROPODA.

Acmcea onycliina Gould. Gorritti Island, Maldonado Bay. This

bay was the type locality of Patella mulleri Dkr., a synonym of

Gould's species.

Bittiwm sp.

Ballia cochlidium Kien.

Bidlia globulosa Kien. Maldonado Bay. Very heavily cal-

loused fossil specimens occurred in the wall of fort at the Mus. La

Plata, Argentine Republic.

Bullia Uruguayensis n. sp. Shell somewhat like B. globulosa

Kn., but more slender, the spire much longer. Surface smooth ex-

cept for two to four spiral impressed lines separated by convex low

cords, just below the impressed suture, and fine spiral stride on the

THE NAUTILUS. 7

base ; growth-lines fine and slight. Light flesh colored. Whorls

about 6£, the first globose, the second and third with rather coarse

longitudinal folds, which persist longer at the upper part of the whorl ;

remaining whorls convex, foldless ; the last whorl oval, regularly con •

vex, contracted below, with a wide arcuately striate siphonal fas-

ciole bounded above by a strong narrow spiral rib. Aperture a lit-

tle over half the alt. of shell. Columella broadly concave above,

having a strongly twisted fold below, which projects at the junction

of the short basal canal with the cavity of the aperture, sloping

strongly to the left below the projecting fold ; anterior notch wide.

Parietal callus rather thin, spreading far forward.

Length 22'5, diarn. 12 mm.

Maldonado Bay. This species is certainly not the young of B.

cochlidium, although in my opinion d'Orbigny's fig. 25 of plate 61

of the Voy. Am. Merid. was drawn from a specimen of the form here

described. The characters of columella and sculpture also incline

me to consider the present species distinct from B. Lamarckii

Kieuer (Iconogr., pi. 3, figs. 6, 6).

Chlorostoma (Omphalius') corrugatum Koch. Irochus patagoni-

cus Orb. is a synonym.

Columbella avara Say.

Columbella obesa var. decipiens C. B. Ad.

Columbella sertulariarum d'Orb.

Crepidula aculeata Gmel.

Cylichnella bidentata Orb.

Fissuridea patagonica d'Orb.

Halistylus columna Dall.

Halistyluscircumslriatus n. sp. Similar to H. columna in size and

contour, but the whorls are encircled by numerous impressed brown

lines. H.pupoideus (Cpr.) Dall, of California, (Proc. U. S. Nat.

Mus., xv, 1892, pi. 19, f. 2) is a third species of this interesting

group. It is spirally sculptured like circumstriatus, but has very

convex whorls, and there are other differences.

Natlca Isabelleana d'Orb.

Natica maroccana Dillw. (?). Worn young shells.

Ocinebra cala n. sp.

Olivancillaria anricularia Lam. Maldouado Bay ; also fossil

specimens in the Fort wall at La Plata Museum.

Olwella Puelchana d'Orb.

Scala elegans d'Orb. (probably).

THE NAUTILUS.

Scala tenuistriata d'Orb.

Siphonaria Lessoni Blainv. Gorritti Island, Maldonado Bay.

Triforis sp.

Turbonilla interrupta Totten.

Turbonilla sp. Specimens worn.

Turbonilla dispar n. sp.

Turbonilla uruguayensis n. sp.

Urosalpinx Rushii n. sp.

POLYPLACOPHORA.

Chcetopleura Isabellei d'Orb. Maldonado Bay, with the follow-

ing.

Chcetoplenra Tehuelcha d'Orb. Maldonado Bay. Carpenter's Ch.

armillata (Man. Conch., xiv, p. 39) described from Gorritti Island,

is a synonym.

PELECYPODA.

Azara1 labiata Maton. Poud near Maldonado.

Azara labiata var. nimbosa Sowb. Pond near Maldonado ; brack-

ish or nearly fresh water.

Corbula caribcea d'Orb.

Corbula Iheringiana n. sp.

Corbula Lyoni n. sp.

Corbula patagonica d'Orb.

Crassatella (Eriphyla) lunulata Con.

Crassatella (Eriphyla^) maldonadoensis n. sp.

Cytherea rostrata Koch.

Diplodonta semiaspera Phil. (Lucina semireticulata Orb.).

Donax hanleyanus Phil.

Lyonsia hyalina Conrad.

Lyonsia sp. A nearly equilateral species, new to me.

Lucina squamosa Lam.

Mactra isabelleana d'Orb.

Mulinia near lateralis Say.

1 Carlos Maria de Pena has called attention to the fact that padre Damaso

A. Larraiiaga, a naturalist of Montevideo, in his " Memoria Geologica sobre

la formacion del Rio de La Plata, deducida de sus conchas fosiles," written in

1819 (? published in 1821), created the genus Matonia for Mya labiata of

Maton, thus antedating d'Orbigny's name Azara. I have not seen the work,

and would decline to tuake a change until the proper publication and date of

Matonia is made positive. See Anales del Mus. Nac. de Montevideo, 1,1894,

pil.

THE NAUTILUS.

There were also worn valves of several other Mactridce collected.

Mesodesma arechavalettoi (Ihering MS.) Pilsbry. Maldonado

Bay, Uruguay (young) ; Mar del Plata, Argentina.

Mytilus darwinianus Orb.

Mytilus edulis L. (? platens is Orb.).

Mytilus canaliculus Hani.

Nucuht puelcha d'Orb. N. Uruguay ensis E. A. Smith does not

seem to differ materially from this species.

Ostrcea puelchana d'Orb.

Pecten nucleus Born, var. ?

Pecten sp. undet.

Peeturiculus longior Sowb.

Petricola like pholadiformis, but less strongly sculptered. One

valve.

Plicatula ramosa Lam.

Semele (Abrafy urugiiayensis n. sp.

Tagelus yibbus Sperigl. (platensis Orb.).

Tellina urugiiayensis E. A. Smith.

Thracia Rushii n. sp.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa-

tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson.]

The name of Miss Zeola Downing, Long Beach, California, is

added to the membership roll of our Chapter.

When last heard from Miss Anna Goodsell of San Diego, Califor-

nia, was in Cairo, Egypt, after having visited many countries in the

Orient.

FRESH WATER SHELLS IN THE NORTHEAST OF MAINE.

[From the report of Mr. Olof O. Nylander. From the Transactions of the Isaac

Lea Conchological Chapter for 1896] .

This article is devoted to the fresh water shells found in the Fish

River Lakes and Aroostook River, northeast of Maine. After se-

curing a good supply of provisions, tent, boat and apparatus needed

for a long collecting trip in the forest region, a man was employed

to accompany us through the journey, and a man with a team to

haul rae the distance of 25 miles to Cross Lake on the Fish River.

10 THE NAUTILUS.

Arriving at Cross Lake my work was immediately to collect

and my companion's duty throughout the journey to prepare

the tent, cut wood and cook, and other duties connected with camp

life in the woods.

At the Cross Lake inlet the following were collected : Unio com-

planaius, Margaritana undulata, Anodontafragilis, Sphcerium sulca-

tum, Pisidium compressum, P. variabile, P. n. sp., Planorbis campan-

ulatus P. bicarinatus, P. deflect us, Limncea emarginata, L. desidiosa,

Pomatiopsis cincinnatiensis, etc.

The second place visited was on the west side about 2 miles south

from the inlet. Planorbis trivolvis was obtained in a place that ap-

peared to be covered with water only in the Spring. Ancylus

parallelus was found in large numbers, and a lot of good large spec-

imens of Limncea emarginata in two feet of water. They seemed to

feed on vegetation on the rocks. A little further down on the west

side was a small stream in which a lot of Sphceria and Pisidia were

obtained. Unio complanatus Sol., Margaritana undulata Say and

Anodonta frag His Lam., are found all over the Fish River Lake, and

need not be referred to as of especial interest to any locality.

On the east side where some large hills rise from the lake a small

lot was obtained by dredging ; nearest the shore Pomatiopsis cincin-

natiensis were plentiful in 15 feet of water ; Campeloma decisum, of

small size, Pisidium variabile and P. compressum were found from

the shore to 25 feet, showing some variation in forms. On the

shore Succinea ovalis, and, near by, in the woods under rocks, S.

avara were found. Also Conulus fulvus, Strobila labyrinth-lea, Zon-

ites exiguus, Carychium exiguum and fragments of Pupa or Vertigo.

The south end of Cross Lake afforded the best dredging ground,

and some time was spent here. Pomatiopsis cincinnatiensis Lea, was

very plentiful, and Valvata tricarinata Say, V. sincera Say, were col-

lected from 5 to 20 feet. Planorbis trivolvis, P. companulatus, P. bi-

carinatus, P. deflectus and P. hirsutus were not plentiful.

One of the most interesting collecting grounds is Square Lake,

which is the largest and handsomest lake in Aroostook Co. At

the inlet from Cross Lake the bottom is covered with large and fine

specimens of Limncea emarginata and the var. Mighelsi. Planorbis

parvus (?) Say, Planorbis sp. ?, a peculiar specimen, P. campanulatus,

a form of small size, P. bicarinatus, Physa ancillaria Say, are plenti-

ful in this place, but nowhere else in this region to my knowledge.

The shore is covered with dead shells of the above named species.

THE NAUTILUS. 11

From the inlet at the northeast of Square Lake, the east side was

followed to the south, a distance of about 8 miles. The wind blow-

ing prevented us from doing any dredging, and the bottom is gener-

ally stone.

In the south end of the lake the bottom is covered with fine sand

and afforded very fine dredging ground for 2 or 3 square miles.

From the shore to 10 feet deep Pomatiopsis cincinnatiensis was very

common, and a few specimens of Pisidium were found from 10 to

25 feet. Valvata tricarinata and V. sincera were found, but beyond

the depth of 25 feet all the shells seemed to disappear, and the

dredge was filled with nothing to collect. The western shore of the

lake is rocky and the only place visited is Limekiln Point, where I

have spent a good deal of time in past years. This very interesting

locality of the Upper Silurian limestone of the Lower Helderberg

group, contains many fine specimens of fossils, many of them pecu-

liar to this locality. A very fine collection has been found at this

place. * * * From Limekiln Point to Eagle Lake every part

was carefully surveyed, yet nothing of special interest appeared.

Eagle Lake is the longest of Aroostook Lakes, being about 18 miles

long and 1 wide. In one place I could not reach bottom with a

100 foot line.

Along the north shore I obtained the same species as I found in

Cross and Square Lakes, and from the deep water I obtained only

rocks and gravel, and not a fragment of a shell. Where the south

branch of Fish River enters Eagle Lake, in a sand bar, a lot of fine

living specimens of Sphcerium striatinum Lamk., and Margaritana

undulata were collected. Throughout the thoroughfare to Portage

Lake Sphcerium striatinum is plentiful. * * * * 'Nothing new

was added. A good deal of hard work was done dragging the boat

through the rapids and over rocks and ledges to Portage Lake.

Portage Lake is in parts surrounded by high hills and a very at-

tractive place for tourists. The western part is a good finding

place for mollusks. Pomatiopsis cincinnatiensis Lea, is obtained

somewhat larger in size as it approaches deep water ; Planorbis

companulatus and P. bicarinatus are also of large size, and the

angles of the whorls in bicarinatus are very sharp. Planorbis de-

flectus is found at the bend of the lake, very large, from 8 to 9 mm. ;

Valvata tricarinata and V. sincera are also of good size.

Near the south and east corner of the lake a colony of good, large

specimens of Campeloma decisum in 6 inches of water were found. This

12 THE NAUTILUS.

was the first place I had any opportunity to see them in any num-

ber in the north of Maine. From this place I had intended to go

to Big Fish Lake, about 20 miles west from Portage Lake, but some

of my provisions were spoiled by hot and rainy weather and I was

not able to obtain any from the farmers, therefore at the south of

the lake I engaged a team to transport us to Aroostook River, a

distance of 10 miles, over a good road.

Aroostook River is rapid and rocky the whole distance from Ash-

laud to Caribou, and shells are seldom found. Margaritana mar-

garitifera Lin., are found among the rocks in from 5 to 6 feet of

water ; a dozen living specimens were obtained in the distance of 40

miles. Anodonta fragilis lives in the small streams which empty

into the river. Planorbis bicarinatus and Physa heterostropha are

sometimes plentiful. Sphcerium truncatum and a few Pisidia have

been found. Campeloma decisum were collected in two places, and

Ancylus tardus Say, was found on rocks in a place near Caribou in

the summer of 1895.

After three weeks have been spent in the woods it is pleasant to

arrive at home again. The specimens collected during this trip

have not all been identified.

In past years I have received valuable assistance from Professor

H. A. Pilsbry. Mr. Bryant Walker, of Mich., sent me a dredge

which has been of great value, and Dr. V. Sterki has kindly deter-

mined Pupidce, Vertigos and Pisidia. My thanks are due to these

gentlemen.

TO SUBSCRIBERS.

We wish to impress upon our readers that subscriptions to THE

NAUTILUS are payable in advance, and that we do not discontinue

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becomes in the aggregate a large one to us. Our deficit in publish-

ing Vol. X has been somewhat less than in the previous year, but

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All who are in arrears are requested to " pay up " this month.

H. A. P. & C. W. J.

THE NAUTILUS.

VOL. XI. JUNE, 1897. No. 2.

HELICINA DYSONI

BY CHARLES T. SIMPSON.

While collecting shells in the Island of Utilla, on the north coast

of Honduras, I frequently visited a Brickly Thatch palm grove1

which lay on the south shore. The Brickly Thatch is a curious,

small palm, with straight, slender stems, a little larger than one's

wrist, and about twenty feet in height, surmounted by a crown of

shining, fan-shaped leaves. The bases of these trees are slightly en-

larged, and they stand on a cone of stilted roots, which, with the

soil and rubbish among them, fill the conical space almost solid.

They grow thickly to the exclusion of all other vegetation, and the

curious bunches of roots completely fill the space on the ground and

make it quite difficult and awkward to get around. Under the al-

most twilight of this dense copse I found excellent collecting, and I

there discovered Colobostylus andreivsce, Cylindrella bourguignatiana

and several other new species. Among other shells I kept finding

specimens of the pretty little Helidna dysoni, but always dead and

generally faded. An enterprising collector is never satisfied with

dead shells, and I searched everywhere to find this rnollusk alive—

under the dead, fallen palm leaves, in what rubbish lay around, on

the stems of the palms, and among their tough, matted roots — but

in vain, and I finally concluded that the colony, of which these were

remnants, had either died out or migrated.

One day I visited a part of the grove that I had not seen before*

a spot at its edge, and here I found a single living tree which had

1 Thrinax radiala.

14 THE NAUTILUS.

fallen over. I was interested in the crown of it from a botanical

standpoint, and on examining the flowers and leaves I found a half

a dozen or more of the snails I so much wanted on the under side

of the latter. Then I looked up over head and saw, to my astonish-

ment, that there were thousands of them. I had been walking day

by da}' under a firmament of palms that was literally star-spangled

with the pretty Helicina dysoni. It was like the story of the navi-

gators who were perishing with thirst while sailing in the fresh

water off the mouth of the Amazon.

But finding the Helicinas was one thing and getting them was

quite another. I tried to shake the trees, but so thickly did they

stand that their tops touched each other everywhere, and I might as

well have tried to shake the post of a piazza. Then I started to

climb one of them, but the hard, sharp fibres of the wood filled my

hands and tore my clothes, and I gave that up. I looked for a pole

but there was none to be had. The mangrove scrub between me

and the sea was all short and crooked, and I found nothing suitable

in the heavy tropical forest north of me, so I went home to the ship

that night with the dozen or so I had captured, and a few dead

shells. The next day I came by way of some clumps of a curious

little palm, with slender stems an inch or more in diameter, growing

in low ground and crowned with feathery leaves. I found a straight

one among these, some 15 or 16 feet long, cut it and trimmed it with

my pocket-knife, and when I reached the palm grove I soon had a

shower of Helicinas falling around me. One soon tires of collecting

anything that is very abundant, and in a little while I had all I

cared for.

The moral of this little sketch, if it has any, is that in collecting

it is necessary to look everywhere, even in the most unlikely places,

and my experience has been that the collector who never allows

anything to escape his eyes is, as a rule, the most successful.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ACTAEON FROM THE QUATER-

NARY BLUFFS OF SPANISH BIGHT, SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA.

BY ROBERT E. C. STEARNS.

Actaeon Traskii.

Shell small, conical above, rounded below, rather solid, glossy ;

sculptured by numerous fine impressed lines or grooves which be-

THE NAUTILUS. 15

come wider toward the base of the body whorl, making the sculpture

of this part of the shell lirate ; the lirse sometimes slightly grooved ;

otherwise sculptured by sharp, close set incremental threads, these

are subordinate to the spiral sculpture. Color dull cream-white

with two obscure rufous bands on the body whorl. Spire short,

obtusely conical ; whorls six ; sutures distinct, narrowly channelled ;

aperture about two-thirds the length of the shell, sharply angulated

above, rounded and effuse below, finely lirate and glossy within,

with a thin glazing on the body whorl. Outer lip simple. Colu-

mella short, with a fold curving around to and thickening the edge

of the lip below, which is moderately produced.

Length of shell 11 millimetres.

Length of body whorl 9 millimetres.

Breadth 6 millimetres.

The foregoing description is based on a single example in the col-

lection of Mr. Homer Hamlin, of Los Angeles, Cal. The above

form was collected by me in the same locality in the fall of 1887

the specimens are now in the U. S. National Museum.

It is a more robust and solid shell than the related species punc-

toccelatus Cpr., which occurs in the same locality, and which is

found living in many localities along the shore from Monterey,

southerly. [ have named the above for the late Dr. John B. Trask,

one of the founders of the California Academy of Science, and a

pioneer in natural history investigations on the West Coast.

Los Angeles, Cal., March 15, 1897.

NOTES ON AGRIOLIMAX.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL.

The accompanying figures were drawn by the writer several years

ago, and sent to Mr. W. G. Binney, who kindly had them engraved

along with others which were published in the Supplements to Terr.

Moll., vol. V. These three, however, were not published, and it is

thought well to present them at this time.

Fig. 1 represents the head and anterior part of the man-

tle of a specimen of Agriolimax agrestis (L.) collected by

Mr. Pilsbry in Philadelphia in 1889. The mantle is

FIG. ]. bilobed in front, and the specimen represents the mon-

strosity bilobatus Ferussac.

16 THE NAUTILUS.

Fig 2 represents the jaw of a specimen of Agriolimax

campestris var. hyperboreus (Westerlund), collected by

Prof. H. F. Wickham at Soda Spring, Yakima Co.,

FlG- : Wash., in 1889.

Fig. 3 represents a parasitic worm, believed

to be a Leptodera, from A. campestris var., col-

lected by Prof. H. F. Wickham at Quincy,

Calif., 1889.

DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW ETJLOTJE (HELICES) FROM

CENTRAL ASIA.

BY C. F. ANCEY.

I. Cathaica Funki n. sp.

Shell much depressed, openly and rather widely umbilicated, of a

somewhat solid substance, opaque, bluish-white, paler beneath and

also above the periphery, more or less spotted with a few puuctiform

and pellucid dots beneath, a little shining, but not much so above.

Spire greatly flattened, generally scarcely raised, barely convex,.

apex obtuse, corneous or dark colored. Whorls 5, convex, regularly

increasing, furnished with oblique smooth lines of growth, somewhat

irregular ; the last whorl barely and gently deflected in front, sub-

depressed above, more or less roundly angled above the middle, the

angle being very obtuse and obsolete towards the aperture ; more

convex around the umbilicus. Aperture oblique, well rounded,

scarcely lunate, ample, margins not remote. Peristome simple,

widened, briefly expanded, chiefly at the columellar edge, moder-

ately thickened at the base and columella, not reflected.

Greater diam. 16-17 ; lesser 13 A-U ; height 7 J-8; of aperture 6|-

7J mill.

Karghalik, Central Asia (teste E. Funk).

Some years ago, I received this new species under the unpublished

name of Helix Funki " Bottg.", and do not think it was ever de-

scribed since. In form it is like Helix obvia Hartm., but the shell

is of the same type and has the same characters of aperture as

Helix stoliczkana Nevill, of Yarkand ; it, however, lacks the two

straight brown bands of that species, in which they are a constant

feature, and is more shining and less rugose. The style of color is

quite similar to that of Helix rubens, although paler, at least as

regards the three specimens now before me.

THE NAUTILUS. 17

From the same source and locality (Karghalik), I also obtained

the form I have described as Bid. kmckalceivitzi, var. Funki.

II. Pseudiberus uniformis n. sp.=Helix plectotropsis (in parte) von Mart, et al=//.

plectotropsis var. uniformis, Anc. olim.

This is the so-called variety that I had formerly looked upon (Le

Naturaliste, 1887, p. 167) as a variety of Martens' Helix pledotropis.

At that time I had a single specimen of the latter, but I now have

more of the typical form (from Lake Tssyk-Kul and Karghalik) for

comparison, so that I consider uniformis a very distinct, although

allied form. Altogether it comes from a different district (Arassau

Culak) and appears to be very constant. The characteristic features

having already been described by myself in the paper I alluded to,

I shall simply say that uniformis is a paler and more depressed shell

than plectotropis, with a wider umbilicus and much more acute keel.

III. Pseudiberus anisopleurus n. sp.

Shell rather thin, of a greenish-horn color, coarsely sculptured,

somewhat shining, closely related in form, size and shell characters

to Nevill's mataianensis, found in the Dras Valley, region of Ladak,

but of different and uniform color. Spire convex, not much elev-

ated, obtuse. Whorls 5, convex, furnished with broad, distant and

irregular ribs, closer and more regular on the under side, but never

obsolete. Suture furnished with an appressed keel, canaliculate

above. Body whorl briefly, but not abruptly falling in front, con-

vex above the inserted keel, more so below, the keel somewhat irreg-

ular, margined on both sides, especially above where the impressed

line is very conspicuous. Umbilicus medium-sized. Aperture

oblique, transversely oval, livid within, scarcely angular internally,

barely lunate. Peristome white, moderately thickened, expanded,

reflected below, chiefly towards the umbilicus. Margins not remote,

connected by a thin shining callosity.

Great, diarn. 14?, less. 12-1 ; height 8, of aperture 6>!> mill.

Locality unknown, but judging from its very well marked affini-

ties, this fine new species for which I am indebted to my friend Dr.

A. Vayssiere, is undoubtedly from Central Asia. At a glance, I

had mistaken it for mataianensis, which is known to me from the

description and figure only, but am now satisfied it is very distinct.

The color, sculpture and characters of the suture are not the same.

In the latter respect the present Pseudiberus is more like the true

/'. plectotropis, but the color is equally different, the size smaller

and the ribs larger and much less numerous and regular.

18 THE NAUTILUS.

NOTES ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE UNIOS.

BY CHAS. T. SIMPSON.

In 1834, Dr. Jared P. Kirtland published the statement that the

sexes of the North American Unios were distinct, and that the shell

of the female was characterized by a swelling in the post-basal re-

gion, which was wanting in that of the male.1 He seems to have

thought at that time that all the American species were thus dis-

tinguished, but in a later publication he stated that he believed that

about two-thirds of the American species have differentiated shells.2

This was corroborated by Dr. Isaac Lea,3 who showed that this

enlargement of the shell of the female was for the purpose of hold-

ing the charged oviducts, which, in such forms, were found in the

posterior part of the outer branchiae. Lea, at various times, de-

scribed the soft parts of some 250 species of Naiades, mostly North

American Unios, and in a considerable number of these he found

that the embryos occupied the entire outer branchise, while in four

species — Unio multiplicatus Lea, U. rubiginosus Lea, U. subrotundus

Lea and U. kleinianus Lea — they filled all four leaves of the

branchiae.

In a statement made before the Boston Society of Natural His-

tory,4 Agassiz proposed to divide up the Naiades into genera founded

on the differences of structure of the animal as well as the characters

of the shell, and to include under one genus a number of species of

Unios, some of which (including U. alattis Say, the first one in the

list) have the post-basal inflation of the female shell, and others in

which it is lacking. Subsequently he used the name Lampsilis, of

Rafinesque, with L. cardium Raf. as a type, and he gives in his list

under this genus a number of species, all of which have the differ-

entiated shells, and carry the young in the posterior part of the

outer branchiae.5

In THE NAUTILUS, for December, 1895, Dr. V. Sterki published

the results of his observations on American Unios, and gives some

1 Observations on the Sexual Characters of the Animals belonging to Lam-

arck's family of Naiades. Am. Jl. Sci. and Arts, XXVI, 1834, p. 117-120.

2 Remarks on the vSexes and Habits of some of the Acephalous Bivalve

Mollusca. Proc. Am. Assn. Adv. Sci., 1851, p. 85.

3 Description of New Freshwater and Land Shells. Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.

4 Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Ill, 1848-51, p. 356.

5 Ueber die Gattungen unter den Nordamericanischen Najaden. Arch,

fiir Naturg., 1852, pp. 41-52.

THE NAUTILUS. 19

very interesting statements regarding their anatomy. He places

those species in which the young are carried in the posterior part of

the outer branchiae, and the female shell is inflated in the post-basal

region, in a group designated as A, which he states, as a rule, have

bright shells, and are gravid from late summer to winter. In group

B all four branchiae are charged throughout their length ; the shells

are generally dull colored, and do not show marked differences be-

tween male and female.

In my earlier attempts at classifying the Naiades, I based my ar-

rangement almost wholly on shell characters. I did this because in

the splendid collections of the National Museum we had either the

types or authentic specimens of a very large proportion of the

known, valid species, and because I was anxious to see whether a

classification could be based on the shells alone that would be sup-

ported by the evidence of the anatomy. I have since then ex-

amined the soft parts of a large number of species, and carefully

tabulated the results of the work of Lea and others, and I am ex-

ceedingly gratified in being able to say that in almost every case the

characters of the animal and shell seem to essentially agree. In a

few instances, the evidence of the former has thrown important light

on relationships which could not be determined with certainty from

shell characters alone, and vice versa. In some cases, where there at

first seemed to be a contradiction, more careful study has shown es-

sential agreement.

There are certainly two great groups of North American Unios.

In the first the shell is generally, though not always, covered with a

hard, smooth, bright epidermis, which is often rayed or marked

with patterns of attractive color. It is rarely sculptured with any-

thing beyond slight concentric ridges, and in only a few instances

has it any ridge on the posterior slope, and, with possibly one or two

exceptions, the outline is never arcuate, even in old age. The fe-

male shell is usually decidedly swollen in the posterior basal region

to accommodate that part of the outer branchia? which contains the

embryos. The beak sculpture is generally delicate, consisting, for

the most part, of close, fine, paralled ridges, which have a tendency

to fall into an anterior and posterior loop, the latter sharp pointed

below.

The embryos are contained in the posterior part of the outer

branchiaB. The ovisacks are distinct, being separated by a suture,

and the whole marsupium is rounded below, projecting generall

-

-jJiLllRARI

20 THE NAUTILUS.

especially when tilled with young, below the inner gill. A slight

fold commonly runs around it near the base, and parallel with it,

which is often seen even when the whole is distended with young.

The specialized marsupium of this group may be easily detected,

even when it is empty, and when full it is a most beautiful object,

the bases of the ovisacks being often rounded and colored. There

are three or four, perhaps more, groups of this great division ; one

typified by such oblong, smooth forms as Uniu anodontoides, luteolus,

car i os us and Icevissimus ; another in which the inflated part of the

shell is of different texture from the rest, is often distinctly marked

out, and sculptured with radiating ridges ending in teeth at the

edge, including Unio per -plexus, sulcatus, brevidens and the like ; a

third containing short forms with a distinct posterior ridge and re-

markably painted epidermis, such as Unio securis, donaciformis and,

perhaps, caperatus and dromus.

This great group is certainly entitled to generic rank, and the

divisions I have indicated may perhaps be made into subgenera. I

believe that the name Lampsilis, proposed by Rafinesque, and after-

wards used by Agassiz, may be applied to this genus.

The second great group contains forms in which there does not

appear to be any special differentiation in shells due to sexual char-

acters, and which are true Unios. In fact I consider the question

as to the distinction or separation of the sexes in the true Unios

and Anodontas far from being settled, although it is one which has

been fought over since the time of Leuwenhock until the present.

A number of excellent authorities have declared, after making many

careful dissections, that the sexes of these forms were separate ;

others equally capable have concluded that they were united, others

that the earlier stage was that of a male and later on a female,

while still others claim to have found the sexes united in some in-

dividuals and separated in others.

The shells of this great group are usually rather dull in color ex-

ternally, they often have a decided posterior ridge, and generally

become arcuate in outline in old age. The beak sculpture, as a

rule, is rather coarse and irregular, in most cases consisting of a few

nearly straight bars, which are thickened where they pass over the

posterior slope. At the extreme anterior and posterior dorsal por-

tions of the young shell there are often found fine, radiating ridges,

which sometimes pass below into the heavy, horizontal undulations.

The embryos are distributed throughout the whole length of the

THE NAUTILUS. 21

gills, the branchiae when distended with them being perfectly smooth

outside, and looking like pads. There seem to be two great groups

of these forms, one characterized by simple, oval or oblong shells

destitute of any strong sculpture, and probably carrying the young,

as a rule, only in the outer branchiae, and this includes in the

United States such forms as Unio gibbosus Bar., U. tetralasmus Say,

U. buckleyi Lea, U. crassidens Lam. and U. complanatus Sol., and

these are probably closely related to the European species. The

other group has short, rather solid, often inflated shells, with a wide,

heavy hinge plate, and it includes nearly all the pustulous, and all

the plicate sculptured forms. Lea found the inner and outer gills

filled with embryos in four of these species: U. multiplicatus Lea,

subrotundus Lea, kleinlanus Lea, and rubiginosus Lea, and it is

probable that, under favorable conditions, all or most of these spe-

cies carry young to some extent, in the inner as well as the outer

gill, though so far as I have observed the inner gill is never so com-

pactly filled as the outer, and it is quite probable that with unfav-

orable conditions the former may not be used as a marsupium.

Besides these there are a few aberrant forms which may be, as

Wetherby has suggested, " geological remnants," such as Unio

phnseolus Hild., U. irroratus Lea, and U. cornutus Bar., having

remarkable modifications of the branchial uterus or marsupium.

These three species will probably have to stand as the types of as

many genera.

But little is known concerning the anatomy of the foreign Unios.1

The soft parts of all the European species have been examined, I

believe, and descriptions which go into the minutiae, so far as color

and trifling peculiarities of form are concerned, have been pub-

lished, but which give no idea of vital characters or structure.

From all that I can learn the anatomy of the European forms is

very much like that of thecircumboreal Unio margaritiferus, which

is much like that of Unio gibbosus, crassidens, tetralasmus and the

like. Of the Oriental and African forms I know almost nothing.

I have examined the soft parts of gravid specimens of Unio gabo-

nensis Kuster from Tropical West Africa, and found that in them

the embryos filled the inner branchiae alone.

It has been surmised that there was a close relationship between

the Australasian Unios and those of South America. The shells of

the species of the two faunas agree very closely in all characters ;

in being destitute of rays, and having a uniform olive-green epider-

22 THE NAUTILUS.

mis and a slightly concentrically sculptured surface, simple out-

lines, rather dull, bluish- white nacre, compressed cardinals and im-

perfectly radial beak sculpture. Lea examined gravid specimens

of Unio peculiaris Lea, and firmus Lea from South America, and

found that only the inner gill was filled with embryos. Suter

reported the same thing from an examination of Unio menziezi

Gray from New Zealand. I recently received some fine alcoholic

specimens of that species from him, and on examining them found,

to my astonishment, that they agreed with Lea's descriptions of the

soft parts of the South American forms as exactly as if they were

the very animals that he had described. In all three species the

outer gill is greatly produced below in the middle, the anal opening

is destitute of papillae, and there is no super anal opening at all,

characters which are conspicuous in the South American species. I

had previously placed these Australasian and South American

Unios in a subgenus by themselves, for which I used the name

Diplodon, applied by Spix to some Brazilian forms,6 but I am satis-

fied that they are entitled to generic rank, and Spix's name may be

used for the group. I do not believe that they belong to the same

phylum with the Unio gabonensis which, from conchological charac-

ters, seems much more closely related to the forms of Southern

India. This seems to add another link to the chain of evidence

which goes to prove a relationship between the faunas of Australa-

sia and South America, and it is a question whether this relation

came about on account of migration, by way of an Antarctic laud

way from one continent to another, or whether the two faunas are

remnants of an earlier and generally distributed northern fauna that

was driven south and superceded by more modern forms. The

Unios of South America and Australasia are simple forms, both

anatomically and conchologically. Long ago Ihering predicted

that the earliest Unios would be found to have radial beak sculp-

ture; and two of the fossil species recently described by the

writer7 from what are supposed to be the Triassic freshwater beds

of Texas have that which is strictly radial. In the Australasian

and South American forms the beak sculpture is imperfectly radial,

the central rays curve together and generally coalesce, and in some

6 The Classification and Geographical Distribution of the Pearly Fresh-

water Mussels. Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XVIII, 1896, p. 302.

7 Description of Four New Triassic Unios from the Staked Plains of Texas.

Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XVIII, 1896, pp. 381-385.

THE NAUTILUS. 23

cases they are slightly broken. In some of the Indian and African

forms this sculpture becomes irregularly rayed and zig-zagged ; in

the European forms it becomes somewhat concentric and often

broken, while in Lampsilis we have the farthest departure from the

simply radial, that is, the rays are all looped and joined in the cen-

ter, where they are drawn up towards the beak. This genus has

without doubt the most highly developed animal of any of the

Unios, and is, in all probability, the most modern. I have seen no

extinct forms which certainly belong to it, and it was probably

developed in North American waters, to which it is still confined.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa-

tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson.]

COLLECTING IN MONTEREY BAY.

(Extract from the report of Mrs. E. H. King. From the Transactions of the Isaac

Lea Chapter for 1896.)

In the month of September I spent two weeks at Monterey Bay,

and collected shells on about three miles of shore-line, rocky head-

lands and sandy beaches. Along the shore I found many patches of

soil literally packed with fossil shells. In the black soil they are

soft and crumple easily, but in the sand hills near the light house

they are quite firm. Haliotls rttfescens Swains, is the most abundant,

but there are also great numbers of H. cracherodii Leach, and a

variety of limpets; also Chlorostoma fimebrale A. Ad. I found in

the sand hills a large perfect shell of Purpura canaliculata Duclos,

much larger than any of the live shells I have seen.

We go down on the rocks as the tide goes out, take our lunch with

us, and work until the tide rises and compels us to return. The

first shells we find are the Littorinas, so very plentiful that large

spaces and crevices are full of them. Two species abound L. plan-

axis and L. scutulata. There also the limpet appears, Acmcea spec-

trum is the highest, but is also found low down, and larger near low

water. Next were Acmcea patina Esch., and A. scabra Nutt., then

appears A. persona and A. pelta Esch. Lottia gigantea Gray, is very

near low water mark, and a few large specimens of nearly all the

others, the lower on the rocks they were the larger were their thin

shells. Here also I found a few shells of Gadinia reticulata Sby.

24 THE NAUTILUS.

Acmcea asmi was numerous on Chlorostomas. A. mitra Esch. and

A. rosacea Cpr. were found on the sandy beaches.

Monoceros lapilloides Conr., are quite abundant in the crevices of

rocks constantly washed by the tide, and in the same localities a few

M. engonatum Conr. Here also in the roaming breakers were large

quantities of Purpura saxicola Val. There seem to be three well

defined varieties, white with many large varices, almost black with

small varices, and smooth with bands of brown. Among the rocks

and in little pools of water were large quantities of Chlorostoma fune-

brale A. Ad. They seem to be of two varieties, one plain and smooth

and the other with a crinkled band around the body-whorl. The

latter most abundant and largest in size. Chlorostoma brunneum

Phil., is in the same locality but not nearly so numerous. Many of

the C. brunneum are dead shells inhabited by the hermit crabs. In

the same pools were Calliostoma costatum Mart, but numbers of them

dead and the hermit crab in possession of the premises. A few C.

canalicnlatum Mart, and C. annulatum, were also found but they

were not such fine shells, as those washed upon the shore by the

storms of winter. Low down on the rocks in the roaring waves were

found some Haliotis cracherodii and some fine sea urchins. With the

Haliotis we found a large beautiful Rupellaria lamellifera Conr.

The mussels are very abundant in some places, literally darkening

the rock. I think I found four species ; Modiola modiolus L., M.

recta, Mytilus edulis and M. californianus Conr. Crepidula adunca

Sby., was very abundant on the shells of Chlorostoma and C. navi-

celloides Nutt. in the apertures of dead shells. I found a number of

Chitons but have not yet been able to classify them.

On the beaches I found many species of shells that I have never

found alive, Olivella biplicata Sby., Conus calij 'ornianw Hds., Nassa

mendica Old., Amphissa corrugata Rve., Astyris gausapata Gld.,

Marginellajewettii Cpr., Lacuna unifasciata Cpr., Bittium quadrifila-

tum Gld., and many others.

On the large beach at Monterey I found many rocks containing

dead shells of borers, Parapholas californica and Pholadidea penita.

In deep quiet pools at Point Pinas I found beautiful starfish. Some

of a deep orange color, others dark red, some dark purple, others

pale yellow. I saw some beautiful Anemones differing from any I

had seen, they were eight or ten inches in diameter, and beautifully

iridescent, the play of colors resembling a great opal with greenish

lights. The holidays ended, and reluctantly I said good-bye to the

beautiful bay.

THE NAUTILUS.

VOL. XI. JULY, 1897. No. 3.

SYNOPSIS OF THE PINNID.E OF THE UNITED STATES AND WEST

INDIES.

BY WM. H. DALL.

In revising the Tertiary Pinnidce it became necessary to examine

the recent species and their synonymy. As certain changes in the

accepted nomenclature appear necessary, the following synopsis

may be useful.

Family PINNIDCE.

Genus PINNA Linne, 1758.

Valves medially sulcate.

Pinna rudis (Linne) Chemn., (-f pernula Reeve non Chemn.) ;

Bermuda, Bahamas.

Pinna carnea Gmelin, (-{-pernula Chemn. non Reeve; -\- degen-

era Link, 1807; -f flabelhnn (Lam.) Reeve, 1858; -\-varicosa

(Lam.) Orb., 1853 ; -f ? bullata (Swains.) Reeve, 1858).

Florida Keys, north to near Hatteras and south to Trinidad ; also

in the Red Sea.

Genus ATRINA Gray, 1847.

Valves entire.

Atrina riyida Dillwyn apud Solander, 1817, (-f- pectinata Born

non Linne ; + seminuda Lam., 1819, non Reeve ; -f- alia Sby.,

1835; -\-subviridis Reeve, 1858; -\-dorbicjnyi Hanley, 1858; -f-

carolinensis Hanley, 1858; -\-ramulosa Reeve, 1858; -\-seminuda

Holmes, 1859 ; -(- muricata of American authors, but not of Linue

or Reeve).

26 THE NAUTILUS.

Cape Fear, North Carolina, to the northern shores of South

America.

Atrina serrata Sowerby, 1825, (-J- squamosissima Phil., 1849; -f-

seminuda Reeve, non Lam. ; -j- muricata Holmes, non Linne or

Reeve ; -f seminuda of American authors, not Lam.).

Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Guadeloupe, West Indies.

The type of serrata was a very young shell with finely developed

sculpture. The true Pinna muricata (L.) Reeve, is probably an

Oriental species, it is not at present known from America.

ON TWO SO-CALLED " BULIMI " FROM THE NEW HEBRIDES.

BY C. F. ANCEY.

Several years ago, Dr. Wm. D. Hartman described and figured

two very interesting land shells from Segon Island, New Hebrides

Archipelago, under the names of " Bnlimus " ruga and " Bulimus "

JBernieri. The English diagnoses and illustrations of these appeared

in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel-

phia, 1890, page 284, plate III, figs. 1 and 2. These shells were

until quite recently known to me from the figures and descriptions

quoted above, but I succeeded when in Paris in December, 1896, in

procuring specimens. My opinion was they were not at all

" Bulimi " as suggested by Dr. Hartman, but modified forms of the

Diplomorpha type. I now think there can be but little doubt they

belong to the latter genus. The texture of shell, outline and exter-

nal characters are not dissimilar, and in the best preserved speci-

mens of Diplomorpha ruga and bernieriboth have the throat tinged

with blood-red color as in the typical D. iayardi, although the de-

scriber mentioned the fact in one of them only. No epidermis re-

mains on the shells, not very numerous indeed, observed by me, but

it may be very deciduous, and its absence gives the shells a rough

and uneven appearance. I am indebted to Mr. Ph. Dautzenberg

for a nice example of bernieri, and the shell is somewhat straw-

colored like ruga. Of the latter, I procured two specimens, one

much larger than the type, the other, on the contrary, considerably

smaller. The parietal denticle is wanting in the species under con-

sideration, as well as in Diplomorpha delatouri.

Segon Island, the locality where ntga and Bernieri were found,

is, I believe, in the Espiritu Santo group, that is, in the northern

THE NAUTILUS. 27

portion of the Archipelago, but is not on the maps accessible to me.

Mr. Crosse, in his recent paper on the New Caledonia laud and

freshwater shells published in the "Journal de Conchyliologie,"

said that " Helix " singularis and its allies, represent in that fauna

the New Hebrides Diplomorpha, but I fail to detect so great an

analogy. It is right to observe, by the by, that singularis is really

found on Aneitum, one of the New Hebrides ; Mr. E. L. Layard

sent me two specimens from there, much smaller than any one I

ever saw from New Caledonia, but otherwise quite the same. I

must add that the true Pseudopartula (type Helixgalericulum^'Lous-

son), has nothing to do with this Melanesiau group, and are

evidently related to Amphidromus. Montrouzier's name Drapar-

naudia should be applied to singularis and sinistrorsa. The affini-

ties of the genus are difficult to state until the soft parts are ex-

amined.

I avail myself of the opportunity of adding three species to the

list of New Caledonian species of Mr. Crosse who certainly over-

looked them, viz., Helicina nehoueensis, bourailensis and saxoniana,

all of Hartman.

A NEW CANCELLARIA FROM THE ALABAMA EOCENE.

BY T. H. ALDRICH.

Cancellaria lanceolata n. sp.

Shell elongated, whorls seven, first three nuclear and smooth, the

others cancellated and having three strong revolving lines, the mid-

dle one much the larger, the costse numerous and fine.

Whorls are shouldered, suture deeply marked; body

whorl with seven or eight revolving raised lines. Aper-

ture oblong, outer lip serrated by the raised lines, nearly

smooth within. Columella lip without callus, bearing

two or more folds, part of the raised lines passing into

the aperture to form them ; canal short, oblique, slightly

twisted, no umbilicus. Length 7J, diam. 3f mm.

Locality. — Choctaw Corner, Ala. Woods Bluff horizon.

This little shell has some resemblance to C. pulcherima H. C.

Lea, but Mr. C. W. Johnson, of the Wagner Free Institute of

Science, has compared the two and finds the above distinct. The

28 THE NAUTILUS.

specimens are not fully matured. One of the two specimens has

been presented to the " Lea Collection," in the Academy of Natural

Sciences of Philadelphia.

ON A COLLECTION OF MOLLUSKS FROM GRAND TOWER, ILLINOIS.

BY FRANK C. BAKER.

During the latter part of April and first part of May, Mr. Frank

M. Woodruff spent two weeks collecting birds in Jackson and Union

Counties, Illinois, and incidentally picked up a number of mollusks,

and the general conditions of the locality, and the small number of

shells collected seem to warrant a few notes. This locality is situa-

ted on the Mississippi River, north of Big Muddy River, in the

southwestern part of the State.

Of the localites visited Mr. Woodruff says : " The shells were

found in a rocky glen or cleft in the center of the chain of high

precipices known by the names of Fountain Bluff, Devil's Bake

Oven and Backbone. This cleft or ravine begins about three-quar-

ters of a mile from the face of the cliff and gradually descends in a

northwesterly direction until the bottom is reached, and one may

stand upon a broad shelf of rock ten feet from the ground, with

high overhanging cliffs of bare rock on both sides. A stream of

clear spring water flows down this ravine and falling over the high

shelves of rock has formed numerous round pools or basins. I was

surprised to find no shells in the stream, and could only collect a few

specimens of Limncea humilis, which I found clinging to the wet

moss under the falls. The balance of the shells were found under

the moss and old logs at the base of the cliff. Fountain Bluff is five

miles from the town of Grand Tower, and is three miles long from

north to south and about one and a half miles wide. According to

Worthen's Geology of Illinois, the Backbone or ridge is formed by

an uplift of Devonian strata which is tilted to an angle of about 25°,

and dips to the northeast. The bluffs consist of Chester limestone

and sandstone overlaid by conglomerate. The top of the bluff is

covered with a rich growth of timber, among which are Willow,

Sweet Gum, Qupelo tree, Sycamore, Cottonwood, Honey Locust,

Hock Berry, Box Alder, Red Birch, White Ash, Black Ash, Red

Oak, Mulberry, Persimmon, White and Black Oak, etc., are the

most common."

THE NAUTILUS. 29

Thirteen species were obtained, and may be noted as follows:

1. 'CIRCINARIA CONCAVA Say. A number of large and typical

specimens of this species were collected and kept alive for a long

time on the writer's desk. On May 18th two individuals were noted

in coitu, the coitus lasting from 8 o'clock A. M. to 6 o'clock P. M.

During this time both animals were perfectly quiet, the eye pedun-

cles and tentacles drawn into the head and the foot contracted to

form a rounded oval. During the coitus the heart, which normally

beats about 75 times per minute, was reduced to 19 very slow and

long beats. The foot of the snail taking the active part was partly

covered by the passive snail, and the former's head was slightly

lifted. The specimens measured about 15 mill, in greatest diameter.

2. VITREA ARBOREA Say. A few specimens of this species were

obtained under and in rotting logs. All were perfectly typical.

3. OMPHALINA FULIGINOSA Griffith. The specimens obtained

were rather dark in color and about half grown, the umbilicus wide

and deep.

4. POLYGYRA (MESODON) ALBOLABRIS Say. But a single speci-

men of this species was obtained alive, and that was very large,

measuring 34 mill, in greatest diameter. The animal was kept in

captivity for several weeks, and was more active than any of the

other species of Mesodon that the writer has studied. It wasstarted

at the bottom of a book case door four feet long and reached the top

in about half an hour. The examination of the lingual membrane

gave 45-1-44 teeth with ten perfect laterals. In this membrane the

38th tooth was abnormal in having three well formed cusps of equal

size, instead of a bifid inner cusp.

5. POLYGYRA (MESODON) EXOLETA Binney. Several typical

specimens of this species were collected, among which there was one

without the parietal tooth. The lingual membrane of one specimen

gave 47-1-47 teeth with eight perfect laterals. The marginals

were very variable, some being with and some without side cusps.

It is probable that several teeth were torn away from this mem-

brane, although there could not have been the normal number given

by Binney, 60-1-60.

6. POLYGYRA (MESODON) THYROIDES Say. All specimens were

of the normal form.

J For the change in names of several of the genera and species here listed,

see Pilsbry, Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894--97, where adequate reasons are given.

30 THE NAUTILUS.

7. POLYGYRA (TniOUOPSIs) TRIDENTATA FRAUDULENTA Pilsbry.

A single specimen of this subspecies was collected by Mr. Woodruff.

Its radula differed considerably from that given in Birmey's Manual

of American Land Shells (p. 292), where 40-1-40 teeth with 12

perfect laterals is given. The present specimen had 27-1-27 teeth

with 11 perfect laterals. The 17th tooth had a bifid inner cutting

point, but all before it were simple. The 13th tooth showed a

decided modification. The jaw was as usual, with 12 rather stout

ribs.

8. POLYGYRA (TRIODOPSIS) INFLECTA Say. The specimens col-

lected were of the usual form.

9. POLYGYRA (STENOTREMA) MONODON FRATERNA Say. The

specimens examined had 31-1-31 teeth on the lingual membrane

with 10 perfect laterals, and the 13th tooth had a bifid inner cutting

point.

10. POLYGYRA (STENOTREMA) HIRSUTUM Say. The specimens

obtained were of the normal form. One specimen measured 8£ mill,

in greatest diameter. The radula was as given by Binney, 22-1-22

teeth with 10 perfect laterals, and the jaw had eight ribs.

11. PYRAMIDULA ALTERNATA Say. The specimens collected are

rather coarsely striated (or ribbed) and approach var. mordax

Shuttl., but the ribbing is not quite as strong as in that variety.

12. PYRAMIDULA PERSPEOTIVA Say. Among the specimens ob-

tained was one measuring 10 mill, in greatest diameter.

13. LIMN^A HUMILIS Say. A number of specimens were col-

lected in the moss under a waterfall. Mr. Woodruff reports finding

all the specimens out of the water.

It was remarkable that so few species of mollusks were found, and

also that the species were so few in individuals. Mr. Woodruff' says

that a part of the region is made up of sandstone and conglomerate,

and this may account for the great paucity of molluscan life. Mr.

Woodruff' searched diligently many times, particularly for the

smaller forms, and states that at no time did he find more than one

shell at one time, all seeming to live solitary lives.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa-

tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson.]

Through the courtesy of Mr. Herbert Lowe, the writer had the

pleasure of meeting our former member, Mr. Edward W. Roper of

THE NAUTILUS. 31

Revere, Mass. Mr. Roper is now in Pasadena, Cal. He was one of

the founders of our chapter. One of his contributions to the Trans-

actions of the chapter in its early days was an interesting paper on

" Studies in the Genera Sphserium and Pisidium," in 1889.

Mr. J. J. White, of Rockledge, Florida, has gone to Frankfort,

Mich, for the summer months. The Vol. of Transactions should be

sent to him at the latter address.

One of our valued members, in a letter, tells of a unique way in

which devil-fish are caught by some foreigners. The following is an

extract from the letter, written from San Diego County, Cal. ; " We

met two men and a woman, apparently Portuguese and from La

Playa, who were making a collection of devil-fish. One of the men

carried a pail of lime water, and when they came to a devil-fish

residence, he would pour half a pint or so of the lime water into the

hole, and await developments. And they would come every time,

too. It would be a very short time till the devil-fish would come

squirming out of his hole, to get away from the lime, and be picked

up by the men, thrown down on the rocks two or three times, until

he was partially stunned, and then put with his fellows in a pail

carried for the purpose. We watched the proceedings two or three

times, and G. asked what they were going to do with them ; ' eat

them, they are fine,' was the astounding answer. It sounded like

the biggest kind of a joke, but the people did not look or act so."

As the Chinese are said to eat these mollusks there is no doubt they

were in earnest. How they could locate the Octopus in each hole,

is, to the writer, a mystery.

FLORIDA SHELLS.

[Extract from the report of Mr. J. J. White. From the Transactions of the Isaac

Lea Conchological Chapter for 1896.]

«

Business calling me to Miami and Palm Beach in July, I deter-

mined not to let so fine an opportunity for collecting pass without

improving it. After concluding my business at Miami and Cocoa-

nut Grove, I started out to hunt for the beautiful Orthalicus undid us

Brug. and Liguus fasciatus Mull., but much to my regret was

soon compelled to stop my search on account of the myriads of

mosquitoes which infested the dense hummocks in which I was

searching. I only succeeded in finding three live Orthalicus and

one dead Liguus and some live Helix varians. Hoping for

32 THE NAUTILUS.

better success I started out on the waters of Bay Biscayne, and was

well repaid for doing so by discovering a colony of seventeen Pyrula

papyratia. They were all moving along, a compact body, to the

northward, and it was one of the finest sights I have ever seen while

collecting. The animals were beautifully marked with crimson and

brown spots. Their eyes were large and black, and their long, flat

heads and necks were light gray. It seemed hard to have to take

them from their native element and kill them for their shells.

Four very fine Cyprce-a exanthema were found clinging to some

mangrove roots, while close by on some rocks, several feet above

the water, was a colony of hundreds of Tedarius muricatus and

among them a handful of small Nerita versicolor. Already having

a good supply of Tectarius at home, I only collected a few of the

largest, and the Neritas. Littorina lineata covered the rocks every-

where, but I did not molest them. One very fine Area noae was

soon added to those already in the basket. Some fine Area pouder-

osa were also found. Fulgur perversum, F. carica, F. pyrum were

quite plentiful, but they were only small ones, so only a few of each

were taken.

My time being limited, I had to get back to Miami to take the

train for Palm Beach, on Lake Worth — Lake Worth being my old

and favorite collecting place. It would be difficult to find a better

collecting place, for its size, than the flats around Lake Worth In-

let. Lake Worth is a fine body of salt water lying parallel with the

Atlantic Ocean, and separated from it by a narrow strip of land

which, in some places, is only a very few rods in width. It is

twenty-two miles long and averages from one-half to three-quarters

of a mile in width. The sands washing in from the ocean have

formed a large flat inside the lake at the inlet, and it is there we do

our collecting. I have spent many days there very profitably. In the

two days.spent therein July I collected about three hundred Strom-

bus pug His in all stages of growth ; Strombus accipitrinus, S. biiuber-

culatus and S. yigas to he had for the taking. I also found, in lim-.

ited numbers, Lucina tigrina, L. pennsylvanica and L. divaricata,

Dosinia elegans, Dolium galea, Cassis ccmaliculatus, C. testiculus,

Cardium magnum and C. isocardia, while on every hand N«s«a

vibex, Cerithium minimum, C. muscarum, C. literatum, C. floridanum,

Neritina virginea and Iphigenia brasiliana were found by the thou-

sands.

On the rocks on the north side of the inlet were found numbers

of Purpura hcemastoma and P. hcemastoma var. undata. The rocks

THE NAUTILUS. 33

there are literally covered with Siphonaria lineolata and Littorina

lineata. One thing was very noticeable to me while collecting there,

and that was the great numbers of Strombus pugilis. While living

on the lake for seven years, I only found six living ones in the lake,

and now there are thousands. The largest, S. giyas, are fast disap-

pearing.

While on the flats at the old inlet, one mile below the present in-

let, I discovered a colony of Cerithium minimum which attracted

my attention by their distorted growth, and I at once collected half

a pint of them. The spot where they were located was somewhat

higher than the main flat, and at low tide would be exposed for

several hours at a time. Whether this exposure caused this strange

growth, or some other condition of immediate surroundings, I am

at a loss to determine. I took especial pains to examine those at

the present inlet, and I failed to find the distorted ones there, al-

though they, at times, are exposed to the suu at low tides.

I found some Calistas on the mud flats east of Pitt's Island, a

mile north of the inlet, which were new to me. On sending them

to Professor Pilsbry they proved to be Calista varians, and are said

to be the first reported from Florida. Suites of these have been

sent to the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia and to the

Smithsonian Institution and to some members of the Chapter, and

so the list was soon disposed of. I also found a nice suit of Venus

cribraria, which was also given to the Smithsonian Institution. I

came away from Lake Worth well pleased with the results of two

days' collecting.

During the past year I have made thirty-seven exchanges with

persons in all sections of the country, and have added four hundred

and twenty different varieties to my collection. My correspondence

with the members of the Chapter has been pleasant, and all the ex-

changes very satisfactory. (Mr. White's generous offer to send

shells to the members of our Chapter was published in THE NAU-

TILUS for February. By this time the stock would be exhausted).

NOTES AND NEWS.

SINISTRAL AMPULLARIA. — It may be of interest to readers of the

NAUTILUS to know that in the collection of Ampullaria of the Acad-

emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, numbering about an lam-

34 THE NAUTILUS.

dred species, hut one sinistral individual was found, of the species

A. cornea Wood. It is a clearly defined Ampullaria, and could not

be confounded with the genus Lanistes. — Jennie E. Letson.

HELICINA RABEI, n. sp. Shell lenticular, acutely carinated low-

conic above ; yellowish- or fleshy-white or red variously banded and

figured ; surface finely sulcate spirally. Whorls 85, flat above, the

last convex below the acute peripheral keel. Aperture subtriangu-

lar, oblique, dark red within, at least in part; peristome well ex-

panded, white ; axial callous heavy, rugose, varying from dark

reddish-brown to translucent white in color. Alt. 6'3, greatest diarn.

11, lesser 8-7 mm. Another specimen measures, alt. 5'2, diameters

9 and 7'5 mm. Pelew Is. (Dr. Rabe). This acutely keeled and

spirally lirate species is remarkably variable in coloration. Types,

no. 68,854 coll. A. N. S. P., presented by Mr. John Ford.— H. A.

Pilsbry.

RECENT PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

Professor Wm. H. Ball's Report on the Mollusks collected by the

International Boundary Commission of the United States and Mex-

ico, 1892-1894 (Proc. U. S. Nat.Mus., 1896, issued in 1897), is one

of the most important documents yet published upon the inland

mollusk fauna of the southwest. It treats of a region rarely visited

by snail collectors, and consequently but little known, and places

the conchology of the region on a solid basis. The region north of

Mexico, between the Rio Grande and the Colorado, seems to be a

prolongation northward of the fauna of the mountains of northern

Mexico, rather than a southern extension of that of the Great Basin

west of the Rocky Mountains. It presents features due to contri-

butions from the Californian and Mexican regions, the latter pre-

dominating, with a few stragglers from the north. The plains are

almost uniformly arid and frequently alkaline, and nearly all the

Pulmonates were collected at the upper levels of the various mount-

ain ranges near the boundary. Epiphragmophora extends into the

region, being represented in Arizona and New Mexico by four spe-

cies, of which two, arizonensis and hachitana are new. The Poly-

gyra levettei groups proves to be prolific in species, five, of which

four are described by Dall, being found. The classification of Holo-

-spira proposed in the last volume of THE NAUTILUS is fully set forth

THE NAUTILUS. 35

and new species figured. Cionella lubrica and Pyramidula striyosn

are among the northern species occurring in the Boundary region.

The discussion of the Boundary fauna is followed by an extended

treatment of the Lower Califbrnian Bulimuli,ii\ which a number of

obscure matters are righted. In conclusion is given a list of marine

mollusks from the termination of the international boundary and

from San.Clemente Island.

Evidence is adduced indicating that within comparatively recent

geologic time, probably Post-Pliocene, Mexico has been almost in-

sulated from the Continent north of it.

The Journal de Conchyliologie for April, 1896 (issued about

April 7, 1897), contains an important article on Pleurobranclms and

related genera, by Prof. A. Vayssiere, of Marseilles.

Dr. R. Ellsworth Call has added a valuable paper to the scant

literature of American cave faunas in his Notes on the Flora and

Fauna of Mammoth Cave, Ky. (American Naturalist, May, 1897).

The only mollusk found by him in the cave is a Carychium, consid-

erably like C. exiguum, which he describes as C. stygium. About

150 examples were collected in " Mammoth Dome," on the wet sur-

faces of old bridge timbers, which have been lying undisturbed for

forty or fifty years.

Dr. Heiurich Sim roth gives a preliminary communication upon

Russian slugs,1 based upon the study of materials in the Zoological

Museum of the Imperial Academy and the Senckenberg Museum

at Frankfurt. The Caucasus Mountain region is the district of

greatest peculiarity, having a number of special types. Simroth

truly says that for the satisfactory working out of the species and

their inter-relationships, the investigation of the genitalia and intes-

tinal tract suffice ; but for the understanding of the genera and

their phylogeny, the other organs, especially the heart, pallial re-

gion, kidney and lung must be examined, a condition very rarely

fulfilled. The Testacellidce and Arionidce are briefly commented on,

and the following genera of Limacidce noted : Agriolimax, Para-

Umax, Lytopelta, Gigantolimax, Metalimax, Monochroma, Parma-

cella. Metalimax and Monochroma are new, the former near Para-

Umax, but differing in the male genitalia; the latter is near Limax,

but the eye-retractor does not pass between branches of geuitalia,

^•Vnnuaire du Mus. Zool. de 1'Acad. Imp. des Sci. de St. Petersburg, 1896.

36 THE NAUTILUS.

etc. It is hoped that nothing will hinder the timely comple-

tion of this important work.

Another thorough anatomical paper, "Beitrage zur Kenntniss der

Coniden," by Dr. R. Bergh, has appeared (Nova Acta der K.

Leop.-Carol. Deutchen Akad. der Naturforscher, LXV, No. 2). It

is a well illustrated work on the soft anatomy of one of the most

prominent families of marine Gastropods, the Conidce, which, like

many other groups, has long been well known conchologically, but

only slightly anatomically. C. Pealii is the only United States

species investigated.

In their " Diagnoses d'Esp. Nouv. de Pelecypodes et de Gastero-

podes " (Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1897), by Ph. Dautzenberg and H.

Fischer, a good many species from the eastern Atlantic dredged by

the "Hirondelle" and " Princesse Alice," are described but not

figured1.! Amphirissoa, Basifissopsis and Aliceia are new genera.

Species of Turcicula, Cocculina, Cetoconcha and other interesting

genera are included. Mons. H. Fischer seems to be following in

the footsteps of his distinguished father. In M. Dautzenberg he has

an experienced and able collaborator.

Mr. Charles Hedley has recently described and figured a second

fine species of Thersites from New Guinea, T. septentrionalis. It is

more elevated than T. broadbenti, more like the Queensland T.

etheridgei (Rec. Austr. Museum, III, No. 1). In conjunction with

Dr. Arthur Willey, the same author describes a new Astrafium of

the subgenus Guildfordia, from New Britain. It is some 45 mm.

in diarn., and resembles the well-known A. triumphant from Japan.

Messrs. Melvill and Ponsonby have contributed to the Annals and

Magazine of Natural History for June, 1897, another article upon

Laud and Fresh Water Mollusca from South Africa. New species

of Achatina, Ennea, Papa and other genera are described, and also

a species of Hapalus, a Bulimoid group not hitherto found so far

south.

An interesting paper by Mr. Harold Heath (Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phila.) demonstrates the possession of small but Avell developed

tegmenta upon the valves of young Californian Oryptochiton Stelleri.

There are also small "sutural tufts," homologous with those of

Acanthocliites. A good plate illustrates these and other features.

^^

ilLIBRARY

THE NAUTILUS.

VOL. XI. AUGUST, 1897. No. 4.

NOTE ON LANDSHELLS FROM THE MALAY PENINSULA.

BY W. H. BALL.

The National Museum has received an interesting small lot of

landshells from Dr. W. L. Abbott, collected in the vicinity of

Prang, on the Malay Peninsula. One of them appears to be new,

and particularly elegant. The others have been identified by the

aid of Mr. Charles T. Simpson and Professor H. A. Pilsbry. The

list is as follows :

Ariophanta retrorsa Gould.

Planispira hardouini De Morgan.

Hemipleeta Leechi De Morgan.

Macrochlamys resplendens Phil.

Macrochlamys diadema Dall, n. sp.

Helicarion lineolatus von Martens.

Amphidromus sinensis Benson, small var. ?

Amphidromus xiengensis L. Morelet.

Amphidromus sp. indet. (immature).

Cydophorus Nevillei von Martens.

Cydophorus Pfeifferi Sowerby.

Cydophorus Cantor i Benson.

Leptopoma vitreum Lesson.

Vivipara quadrata Benson.

Nanina (Macrochlamys ?) diadema n. sp.

Shell translucent yellow-brown, polished, depressed, with six

and a half whorls, of which the apical two and a half are pale and

smooth, the remainder show a deeply channeled suture outside of

THE NAUTILUS.

which the whorl rises abruptly, its rounded crest cut into rounded

nodules like the joints of a millipede by deeply incised lines in har-

mony with the lines of growth ; there are about 38 of these divisions

on the last whorl ; the incisions override the crest and extend nearly

to the periphery, becoming gradually fainter ; periphery and base

marked only by incremental lines, rounded, with a minute perforate

umbilicus, over which a small portion of the inner lip is bent ; peri-

stouie thin, sharp, the body showing hardly any callus ; max. diam.

16, min. diam. 13, alt. 10 mm.

This elegantly sculptured species seems to differ much from any

yet described. Its nearest relatives are M. compluvialis Blanf., and

M. conval/ata Benson, which have a channelled suture, but do not

have the transverse sculpture cutting the crest of the enclosing

whorls. The types are in the National Museum.

ON A NEW HOLOSPIRA FROM TEXAS.

BY W. H. BALL.

Holospira (Haplostemma) Hamilton! n. sp.

Shell slender, polished, spindle-shaped, pinkish-white, with a

darker livid apex, and about 13 whorls ; nucleus blunt, smooth,

later three whorls delicately obliquely striated, central whorls

smooth, last whorl with delicate oblique riblets with wider inter-

spaces; aperture projected, rounded, subangular at the right poste-

rior corner, the lip entire, reflected, the pillar rather wide; the last

whorl flattened and attenuated. Lon. 19, max. diam. 5 mm.

Collected in the Rio Grande Mts., Brewster Co., Texas, at a

height of 3,500 feet, living on Selaginella lepidophylla Spring, by

Mr. James M. Hamilton, and presented to the National Museum

through Dr. R. W. Shufeldt.

This species is very much like H. (Metastoma) semistriata Stearns,

externally, differing in its smaller and more slender shell and finer

and more delicate sculpture of the later whorls near the aperture.

QUARTER-DECKS AND JINGLES.

BY ROBERT E. C. STEARNS.

Several years ago, in the course of a conversation with Captain

J. W. Collins, of the U. S. Fish Commission, relating to the various

THE NAUTILUS. 39

materials used by the oyster planters for collecting the spat or form-

ing spawning-beds, certain shells were mentioned by him that were

systematically collected and sold to the oystermen. These shells

were locally known by the names given in the above title. On

looking into the matter, the " Quarter-decks " proved to be Crepi-

dula fornicata Linne, and the " Jingles " a species of Anomia, pre-

sumably A. simplex Orbigny. As popular names go, these are not

so bad, for there is a peculiar jingle produced by Auomia valves

when many are shaken together, and the septum in Crepidula con-

sidered in connection with the boat-like shape of the species, C.

fornicata, suggests a partially decked vessel.

The abundance of these forms in the region referred to, is indica-

ted by the following data kindly furnished (July, 1889) by Dr. H.

M. Smith, of the Fish Commission, on " The Fertilization of Certain

Shell-fish at Greenport, N. Y., locally known as Mingles' and

' Quarter-decks.' "

Since 1880, these shells have been extensively used for the pur-

pose of forming spawning-beds for oysters, the idea of so employing

them having originated with Captain James Monsell, of Greenport.

The shells are taken with dredges between the first of October and

the first of July, and are sold by the fishermen to dealers at the rate

of four cents a bushel. At times they bring more, according to the

demand. A law prohibiting the taking of them between the first

of July and the first of October went into effect in 1888. The shells

lie on the docks until July, when they are taken to the planting

grounds and sold -to the oystermen. Unlike the scallops used for

the same purpose, the jingles and quarter-decks are not opened when

caught.

The Crepidulas or quarter-decks being gastropods (univalves), no

opening is possible, and the two pieces or parts of the bivalve

Anomias or jingles, readily separate when dead and dry. The scal-

lop or Pecten shells (P. irradians Lam.) are opened in order to ex-

tract the meats, the sales of which yielded the men engaged in the

scallop-fishery of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut,

principally the two first States, in the year 1892, $114,695, the pro-

duct of 137,284 bushels of this species of Pecten. The emptied

shells, a residual product, are utilized as before indicated.

" Investigations by an agent of the U. S. Fish Commission show

that in 1887 there were taken 130,000 bushels of 'quarter-decks'

and 'jingles ' valued at $5,200. In 1888 the output of the fishery

40 THE NAUTILUS.

was 110,000 bushels, valued at $4,400, while the catch in 1889, up

to and including the 19th of June, was 75,000 bushels, valued at

$3,000."

The marvellous abundance in certain localities of the various spe-

cies above named, is, aside from the economic value of the fishery,

of exceeding interest to the naturalist. What proportion of the

total quantity, 315,000 bushels of jingles and quarter-decks, belong

to the latter species, Crepidula, is not stated ; probably much less

than half, and quite likely not more than a quarter; presumably

the quarter-decks are attached to, or are adherent upon, the jingle

or Anomia shells, domiciliares upon the valves of the latter species,

the same as the West American species.

Crepidula rugosa is a domiciliare on the shells of Pecten cequisul-

catus Cpr., the Californian analogue of P. irradians. It is not at

all infrequent to find from three to six individuals of the West

Coast Crepidula on a single specimen of the Pecten.

Beside the use of oyster, clam, scallop, quarter-deck and jingle

shells for forming spawning-beds, the oystermen in some instances

and in some places, are utilizing old tin cans as catchment objects

for the spat to fasten upon. AVhat with the packing of adult oysters

at the canneries and the entrapping of the innocent unsophisticated

fry on old tin pots and cans, the situation may be said to look to an

old man in a balloon, or a young man " up a tall tree," like can-

ning the oysters at both ends.

Los Angeles, Cal., June, 1897.

NEW UNIOS.

BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT.

Unio Pinei sp. nov.

Shell wide or oblong, moderately and uniformly thin, dorsal and

ventral margins usually parallel, subtruncate or obliquely rounded

before, biangular and truncated behind. Epidermis reddish-brown ;

olive above, polished and thickly covered with unequal rays. Beaks

scarely elevated above the dorsum, and surrounded by four or five

fine concentric, undulating ridges. Ligament thin, reddish, long

and depressed. Greatest diameter in the centre of the shell. Beak

cavities slight. Cavity of the valves ample and tray-shaped. Nacre

THE NAUTILUS. 41

brilliant arid copper-colored, very iridescent and remarkably corus-

cated ; the upper third being stained darker. Lateral teeth equal,

long, slender, slightly curved and extending fully to the cardinals.

Cardinal teeth inclined to be double in both valves, compressed, ob-

lique and serrulate. Cicatrices well impressed, showing the pris-

matic layers, the anterior ones being roughened in the posterior

portion and widely distinct, and the posterior ones confluent. Pal-

lial lines obscure. Dorsal notch long and shallow. Width 3 inches,

length 1.5 inches, diameter 1 inch.

Habitat. — An unnamed lake in Witthacoochee River region of

Hernando Co., Florida.

Type in National Museum.

Remarks. — It is difficult to assign a place to this shell, partaking

as it does of the features of several members of the Buckleyi group.

It has the subtruncate anterior of U. coruscus Gould, and approaches

that species in nacre, which in our shell is of a deeper and richer

tint, and is not so pointed behind, is more inflated, straighter dor-

sum, lighter teeth, more rayed and has a red instead of a blacki>h

epidermis, and attains a much greater size. From U. Hinkleyi B.

H. W., it differs in the abrupt anterior, sides more rounded, darker

nacre, and in the reddish, instead of black epidermis. It is in every

way more gracile than U. Buckleyi Lea, and is not so pointed be-

hind. Nor has it the ponderous umbos, arched dorsum and rounded

base of that species.

Sixty specimens of all ages have been observed, showing a re-

markably perfect uniformity of characters. It is named for the

discoverer, Mr. George Pine, of Aripeka, Hernando Co., Florida.

(To be Continued.)

MELANIA YOKOHAMENSIS, N. SP.

BY W. D. HARTMAN.

Shell elongate, conic, gradually tapering to an acute apex.

Whorls 7, suture lightly impressed ; surface smooth, with obscure

spiral lines, color yellowish-green ; aperture white, opercle brown,

oval and corneous. Length 35 mill., width 13 mill. ; width of

aperture 6 mill., length of aperture 10 mill.

Locality. — Yokohama, Japan, B. Schmacker collector.

42 THE NAUTILUS.

This shell was given me by Mr. Schinacker several years ago.

Some sent Dr. Brot, of Geneva, were pronounced new at the time.

ISAAC LEA DEPAETMENT.

[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa-

ion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson.]

May 28th, the volume of Transactions was forwarded from San

Diego east. Since that date the General Secretary has received no

word regarding it.

SEEING EYES.

[From the report of Mrs. E. A. Lawrence. From the Transactions of the Isaac Lea

Chapter for 1896].

Lowell says, " Eyes are not so common as people think, or poets

would be plentier," and, what he has said of poets, could be said

with equal truth of naturalists. Nature, to ninety-nine per cent, of

the human family, is a closed book, not because she is not willing to

have her pages opened, but because people have no eyes to see with.

Thoreau could find in his back-door yard, or, on the shore of Wai-

don Pond, the material for printed volumes. It was not because

these places had more of interest in them than similar places else-

where, but it was because Thoreau had trained his eyes to see. How

many people, of all those who yearly visit our sea-shore, have seeing

eyes ? They will tell us of the beauty of the foam-capped waves, or

the brilliant tints of the water at sunset ; but they will pass with

unseeing eyes on careless feet over myriads of living creatures,

creatures so wonderful in their mechanism, so beautiful in their

form and coloring, and so cunning in their instincts, that they show

to the observer the perfect workmanship of the great master,

Nature.

About two years ago, I began to view the sea-side world through

open eyes, and in that time I have collected over two hundred spe-

cies of mollusca in the vicinity of San Pedro Bay. This past year

I found beneath shelving rocks the little Megetabennm bimaculatus

Dall, and nestling in hollows in the rough rocks I found a number

of Gadinia reticulata Cpr. ; the latter are so nearly the color of the

THE NAUTILUS. 43

rocks that it takes sharp eyes to discern them. Upon goose barna-

cles I found a small Acmcea which I hoped might be a new species,

but I found my eyes were not very wide open even after a year's

experience in the opening process, for I sent the Acnuea to Dr. Dall

and he said they were only a small variety of the A. pelta. But

in classifying my shells I have made two varieties of them, as I

think there is enough difference in them to warrant such division.

Going down on the sand one day at low tide, I saw a small up-

heaval of the sand, and since I have been travelling the world with

seeing eyes, I always investigate these tiny mounds, and, this time,

I was rewarded by finding a Tornatina culcitella, and a diligent

search soon revealed several of these cunning little creatures. With

these are T. inculta and T. carinata. While out in a boat among

the kelp I found a number of Lacuna wiifasciata and some L. por-

recta, these latter were three-eighths of an inch long. Among the

tiny shells, seeing eyes are called into requisition, and I find the aid

of a strong lens often necessary to bring out their distinctive feat-

ures. The tiny Marginella ( Volvarina) varia is more beautiful than

a Cyprcea spadicea, and yet the blind world never finds them hidden

away under stones, and covered with their thin tents, which are

quite a protection for them, as it hides their shining surface and

makes them much less conspicuous. The Turbonillas, the Odosto-

mias, the Mitromorphas and many others have enriched my cabinet,

and opened my eyes to the wonders and beauty of small things this

past year.

When I began to classify, I had many a struggle with the differ-

ent authorities, and many a dispairing appeal I sent to our General

Secretary, who never failed to come to my relief, and I have much

to thank her for, inasmuch as she has given me light where before

I dwelt in darkness. * * * * To sum up the year's work, no

greater gain has come to me than has come by the opening of my

eyes, and the knowledge I have gained by seeing. The earth has

taken on new beauty and the sea has opened some of its wonderful

storehouse and bidden me enter, and all nature beckons me with

kindly finger to further discoveries by the aid of seeing eyes.

NOTES AND NEWS.

NAUTILUS POMPILIUS IN SOUTHERN NEW SOUTH WALES. — What

surprised me most was to find large numbers of rather broken speci-

44 THE NAUTILUS.

mens of Nautilus pompilius thrown up in Edeu Bay. It is difficult

to conceive how they get there ; it is an enormous expanse to be

drifted away from any of the Pacific Isles. Can it be possible that

they are eaten by whales and that the shells is extruded as excre-

ment ? I make this suggestion because great schools of whales

come in there, it is said, to rub themselves on the coarse gravel

bottom of the bay. — Dr. J. C. Cox, in letter to Editor.

PARTULA : NOTES AND CORRECTIONS. — Partula eximia Hartm.

—P. macgillivrayi.

P. Brazieri Pse. is a good species.

The type example of Partula neweeaitiarum was lost with the ves-

sel on its return to Mr. Garritt at Tahiti. — W. D. Hartman.

A NEW SPECIES OF HEMPHILLIA. — In examining the slugs

referred to Hemphillia glandulosa in the collection of the Academy

of Natural Sciences, we found that two species have hitherto borne

this name. The true H. (jlandulosa is a small slug, with distinctly

papillose mantle ; the pedal line hardly rises at the tail, and the

caudal gland is surmounted by a conspicuous horn. The other

form, which we call H. camelus, is much larger, the mantle is not

papillose, and the pedal groove rises abruptly and conspicuously

at the tail, and there is no noticeable horn there. Types from

Old Mission, Idaho, collected by Hemphill. The species are easily

separated by external characters, but the internal anatomy shows

even more important differences, which will be described and figured

in the second installment of our " Revision of American Slugs," now

in preparation. — H. A. Pilsbry & E. G. Vanatta.

RECENT PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

An apparently very thorough monograph of the Cephalopoda of

the Gulf of Naples, by Guiseppe Jatta, has appeared in the " Fauna

and Flora des Golfes von Neapel " (23d monograph). The illus-

trations are incomparably magnificent.

Mr. Felix Bernard1 has detected a stage of shell-growth in bi-

valves earlier than the prodissoconch, which be proposes to call pro-

tostmcum. He finds the protostracum on the summit of the prodis-

soconch. The Glochidium stage in Uuionidre is its equivalent.

1 Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, Vol. 124, p. 1165 ; Natural Science, July,

1897, p. 10.

THE NAUTILUS. 45

A CLASSIFIED CATALOGUE OF AMERICAN LAND SHELLS, WITH

LOCALITIES.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

Almost a decade has elapsed since the publication of the " Check

List of American Land Shells " (Proc. Acad. N. S. Phila., 1889),

and the frequent calls for copies of that list since the reprint edition

was exhausted, as well as the progress of the science during that

period, have induced the editors of THE NAUTILUS to offer a new

list covering the same ground.

In the nomenclature of this list we have admitted changes shown

to be necessary ; and in the classification have frequently forsaken

the old roads for paths lately " blazed out," and as yet not much

travelled.

Additions and corrections of any kind ivill be gratefully received.

Class GASTROPODA.

Subclass STREPTONEURA.

Order PROSOBRANCHIATA.

Suborder Tecnioglossa.

Family CYCLOSTOMATIDJE.

Genus CHOANOPOMA Pfeiffer, 1847.

Subgenus Ctenopoma Shuttleworth, Pfr., 1856.

1. CHOANOPOMA BAHAMENSE Shuttl. Key West, Fla. (Dr. W.

H. Rush). Also Bahamas.

Genus CHONDROPOMA Pfeiffer, 1847.

2. CHONDROPOMA DENTATUM (Say). Key West and Naples,

near Gordon's Pass, Fla. Also Cuba.

Family TRTJNCATELKnXS!.

Genus TRUNCATELLA Risso, 1826.

3. TRUNCATELLA CARIBJEENSIS ' Sowb.' Rve. Key Largo and

Anclote Key, Fla. Also West Indies.

4. TRUNCATELLA CARIB^EENSIS PULCHELLA Pfr. Marco and

Cedar Keys, Fla. Also Bermuda, Cuba, Yucatan, etc.

46 THE NAUTILUS.

5. TRUNCATELLA BILABIATA Pt'r. Key West, Key Largo, Bis-

cayne Bay, Micco, Indian River, Furguson's Pass, Marco, Cedar

Keys, Fla. Also Bermuda, Cuba, etc.

6. TRUNCATELLA STIMPSONI Stearns. False Bay, near San

Diego, California.

7. TRUNCATELLA CALIFORNICA Pfr. San Diego, California.

[Note. — T. subcylindrica " Gray " has been reported from Flor-

ida. The identity of the species is doubtful, and the occurrence in

Florida of the form so-called by Pfeiifer, equally so].

Suborder Rhipidoglossa.

Family HELICINIDJE.

Genus HELICINA Lamarck, 1801.

8. HELICINA CHRYSOCHEILA Binney. Texas, near mouth of the

Rio Grande. Also State of Tamaulipas, Mexico.

9. HELICINA ORBICULATA Say. St. Simon's I., Ga., Chattanooga,

Tenii., Eureka Springs, Ark., Stone Co., Mo., southward to southern

Florida, and southwest to the Rio Grande ; type locality near mouth

of the St. John's River, Florida. [H. Hanleyana Pfr. is a syno-

nym].

9a. HELICINA ORBICULATA TROPICA ' Jan ' Pfr. Texas, mainly

south and southwest. An ill defined race.

10. HELICINA OCCULTA Say. Western Pa. to Minn., south to Teiin.

Distribution markedly discontinuous and local. Allegheny Co.,

Pa. ; Athens, 111. ; near Iowa City and Eldora, Iowa ; "NVinona,

Minn. ; Sheboygan, TVhitefish Bay near Milwaukee, and near Du

Pere, Wis. ; Lexington and at Natural Bridge. Va. ; Harriman and

South Pittsburg, Tenn. An abundant fossil of the Post-Pliocene

Loess formation in eastern and central Iowa, the adjacent parts of

111., western la. and E. Neb. ; also fossil at New Harmony, Ind.,

the type locality.

[Note. — H. subglobulosa Poey, a Cuban species introduced into

United States works on the evidence of specimens found at Key

Biscayne and Fort Dallas, Fla., many years ago, has not yet been

shown to be actually living in Florida].

Subclass EUTHYNEURA.

Order PULMONATA.

Suborder Siylommatophora.

THE NAUTILUS. 47

(Superfamily HOLOPODA).

Family HELICIDJE.

Subfamily Helicinse (rel Bclogona}.

(Belogona Siphonadenia).

Genus HELIX Linne, 1758.

Section Helicogena Ferussac.

11. HELIX ASPERSA Mull. Charleston, S. C. ; New Orleans;

Santa Barbara, Santa Clara and San Jose, Cal. Imported from

Europe.

Section Tachea ' Leach,' Turton, 1831.

12. HELIX NEMORALIS Linn. Burlington, N. J. ; Lexington,

Va. ; ? Baraboo, Sank Co., Wis. Imported from northern Europe.

13. HELIX HORTENSIS Mull. Labrador; Anticosti I. ; Bara-

chois, Gaspe region ; Nova Scotia ; Casco Bay, Me. : Eagle, House,

Kettle, and Nantucket Is., Mass. ; also New Bedford, Marblehead,

Manchester and Magnolia, Mass.

Genus HYGROMIA Risso, 1826.

Section Fruticicola Held, 1837.

14. HYGROMIA HISPIDA (L.). Halifax, N. S. ; Montreal. A

species of northern Europe, imported.

15. HYGROMIA RUFESCENS (Penn.). Quebec and Levis, Quebec,

Canada. A species of northern Europe, imported.

Genus HELICELLA Ferussac.

Section Trochula Schluter, 1838.

16. HELICELLA TERRESTRIS (Penn.). Charleston, S. C. A

native of southern Europe.

Subgenus Cochlicella Risso, 1826.

17. HELICELLA VENTRICOSA (Drap.). Sullivan's I., S. C. Im-

ported from Europe.

Subgeuus Theba Risso, 1826.

18. HELICELLA CANTIANA (Montagu). Quebec. A native of

northern and central Europe.

48 THE NAUTILUS.

(Belogona Euadenia).

Genus GLYPTOSTOMA Bland & Binney, 1873.

19. GLYPTOSTOMA NEWBERRYANUM (W. G. Binn.). Los Ange-

les, Cal., to Todos Santos Bay, Lower Cal., and about 40 miles in-

land.

Genus LYSINOE H. & A. Adams, 1855.

20. LYSINOE HUMBOLDTIANA (Val.). Altuda, Texas. Also

Mexico.

Genus EPIPHRAGMOPHORA Boring, 1875.

Subgenus Monadenia Pilsl)ry, 1895.

21. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA FIDELIS (Gray). Humboldt and Shasta

Co., Cal., to Vancouver I.

21a. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA FIDELIS, /. flava Hemph.

21b. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA FIDELIS/. minor.

21c. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA FIDELIS SUBCARINATA Hemph. Hum-

boldt Co., Cal. This is directly intermediate between fidelis and

infumata.

21d. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA FIDELIS INFUMATA (Gld.). Coast

counties of Cal. from Siskiyou to Alameda.

22. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA MORMONUM (Pfr.) Shasta Co. to Tulare

and Santa Barbara Co., Cal.

23. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA HILLEBRANDI (Ne\vc.) Calaveras,

Tuolumne and Mariposa Cos., Cal.

24. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA CIRCUMCARINATA (Stearns). Near

Turloch, Stanilaus Co., Cal.

Subgenus Helminthoglypta Aucey.

25. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA DUPETITHOUARSI (Desh.). Monterey,

Cal.

26. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA SEQUOICOLA (Coop.). Santa Cruz Co.,

Cal.

27. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA AYRESIANA (Newc.). Santa Cruz, San

Miguel, San Clemente and Santa Rosa Islands.

28. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA TRASKI (Newc.). Los Angeles to Ft.

Tejou and to San Luis Obispo, Cal.

28a. EPIPHRAUMOPHORA TRASKI PROLES Hemphill. Eraser's

Mills, Tulare Co., Cal.

(To be Continued.)

THE NAUTILUS.

VOL. XI. SEPTEMBER, 1897. No. 5.

BOLINAS, CALIFORNIA; THE CONCHOLOGISTS PARADISE.

BY WILLIARD M. WOOD.

A(jni estoy otravezl

Once more I have reached the rocky shores of dear old historic

Bolinas. I could never tear myself from this antique Spanish town

by the Ocean. How I love to hear the mighty waves beat wildly

against the solid rocks, and see the lofty yellow bluffs which rise so

majestically from Neptune's enchanting home.

Annually, during the summer months, I find that I am — like the

proverbial Snail, wending my way, through exquisite redwood forests

and inhaling the salubrious mountain air. The point of destination

is alway Bolinas. Bolinas, thou art and ever shall be my Mecca.

This year, Mr. George E. Townsend and the writer concluded to

pitch tent and camp upon one of the smaller bluffs, by the side of

a delightful rippling creek, within a stone's throw of the beach which

is used for bathing purposes, in lieu of making the hotel our head-

quarters during our stay. We also decided to " tramp it," and as

each possessed a good pair of strong limbs, the start was made from

San Anselmo Station, Marin County. The distance from the station

to Bolinas is estimated at about twenty miles. Ten miles of this

number is entirely devoted to up hill climbing, and so steep, that in

portions where there is no shelter from the sun as it sends forth

its penetrating rays, one becomes quite exhausted, especially when

one is principally confined in a down town office, pondering over

innumerable books and papers, and not used to mountain climbing.

50

THE NAUTILUS.

While going toward the "Summit," how truly beautiful were the

rustic wooden bridges over which we passed, and the cool-looking,

shaded, rainbow-tinted and trout ladened streams. How the saucy

big blue jays scolded when we ventured too close to their nesting

places! Then there were numerous tiny golden-breasted wild

canaries; how beautifully they did sing! The peacock-green

throated humming-birds were busy flying hither and thither, ab-

stracting the honey from the delicately scented flowers. Cotton-tails

would occasionally be seen running frantically across the broad road

and hiding among the heavy brush, so that they would not fall vic-

tims to the many hawks and red-necked buzzards which appear at

all times to hover overhead.

The beach, bluffs and Diixbury Reef.

Several times we came across a flock of mountain quail. The

minute we were observed by them, they would take to the wing.

The noise caused by their flyiug resembled greatly an immense buzz

saw revolving with great rapidity and cutting through heavy timber.

When we reached " the ridge," we were rewarded by a superb

view of the surrounding country. Not a particle of fog was within

sight. The atmosphere was as clear as crystal. The view covered

an expanse of scenery which could not be emulated for picturesque

variety. Mountains, forests, lakes, valleys, rocks, straits and capes^

cities, towns and villages spread themselves in a magnificent panor-

ama.

THE NAUTILUS. 51

The ten mile descent of the mountain on its western side was com-

paratively easy as the road was in excellent condition. The weather

has been delightful since we have been here and trust that it will

continue so throughout our stay.

Although the ground on the mountain's side was quite dry, care-

ful searching with the aid of a short limb of a tree, raking deeply

among the fallen leaves, revealed to us, quantities of the following

Helicies, all with the living animal within.

Helix arrosa, nickliniana, Polygyra armigera and Selenites van-

couverensis. No fresh-water shells were found in the streams and

pools on the way over. In fact, I do not believe there are any in the

vicinity of this place, for I have been unable to secure a single speci-

men during the past six years.

The tides so far, have been very good and several species have

been added to my collection, which are entirely new to me.

The beach from the bluffs near the channel (entrance to the Bay

of Bolinas) out to the dangerous reef — Duxbury reef — is at inter-

vals composed of billions of particles of shells, ground so fine that

the casual observer would naturally suppose they were grains of

sand. Certain spots I have seen on the beach are almost wholly

composed of these diminutive bits to a depth of about five or six

inches.

The reef upon which I had formerly seen attached thousands of

immense Cldoroatoma funebrale and fairly good sized Chrysodomus

dims are now almost destitute of the above named species. The

reason of their disappearance is unknown to me. The species ob-

served attached to the rocks and the blue clay at the present date

are Monoceros engonatum and Litoritta scutulata. M. encjonatum

predominating. Of Chlorostoma brunneum, I have gathered hundreds

at previous visits, from a point just a short distance from the reef in

a north-westerly direction. Not one in a living state have I found

since arriving.

Strolling up the sandy beach in the early morning, (4.30) until

we reached the stretch of mossy rocks which had been left bare by

the retreating tide, we secured dozens of the common edible clam,

Tapes staminea, which is sold by the sackful in the markets of San

Francisco. These were brought back to our camp and served at

breakfast.

The Bay of Bolinas, which at one time was quite commodious, is

now almost completely filled with sand and mud. The channel, no

52 THE NAUTILUS.

doubt will soon be closed and not even the smallest boat will be able

to enter this once beautifully situated bay.

When low tide occurs in the bay, the " necks " of thousands of

Schizothcerus Nuttalli may be seen projecting an inch or so out of the

gray mud. Although the shells themselves are buried quite deeply

under the surface, it is with difficulty that these hugh specimens

may be obtained. Think of gathering clams almost the size of

dinner plates. We managed to secure several splendid specimens.

The " necks " when fully extended are about three feet long. It

requires several persons with rubber boots, shovels and pails to

" catch " one, as they will withdraw their " necks " quickly and bury

themselves out of view and reach, if disturbed. The strength of one

person is required to hold the neck on the surface while another per-

son digs around it and bails out the fast in-coming mud and water.

It is indeed hard work to capture one of them, but well worth the

trouble and time spent over them.

The Bay also produces thousands of dead, yet fresh-looking spec-

imens of Macoma secta. These are found either upon the surface or

an inch or two below, imbedded in the soft mud. Hundreds were

secured and after having given them a thorough washing, they were

packed away carefully in cotton batting.

Living Cryptomya californica in considerable numbers seem to be

washed upon the mud flats. They range in size from a pin head to

a quarter of a dollar.

When low tide occurs at the reef, one may dig in the clay for

borers and be rewarded with several species. The clay is fairly alive

with them.

Occasionally I have found cast up on the beach by the waters,

fine examples of that immense "rock oyster" Hinnites yiganteus.

Several contained the living animal. One specimen picked up

measures almost ten inches in diameter. Who says we do not have

large oysters! The beach is covered with great numbers of worn

valves. The young shells are easily mistaken for Pecten hastatus

and I have often been fooled in this respect. Fresh, full grown spec-

imens are very hard to obtain.

What do you suppose to-day— the glorious fourth of July-

brought forth ? Two most interesting species that I have found up

to date. I had not searched for these and they were entirely a

surprise to me. Doubly welcome are my new friends on this day.

We were sitting lazily upon the pebbly beach watching the waves as

THE NAUTILUS. 53

they washed upon the shore. Suddenly a larger wave than those

which I had been accustomed to see, rushed forward and with a

mighty splash, broke within a few feet of us. The water and foam

crept so quickly in our direction that my shoes were soon rilled with

the cold sea-water. With a quick spring, I was upon my feet and

hurrying from the scene of the unfortunate event. When returning

to the spot where we had left a stick half buried in the sand, I came

across unexpectedly two valves of Semele rubrolineata and a most

delicate and perfect fresh-looking specimen of Mytilimeria Nuttalli

Conr.

How truly patriotic were the little shells to come and cast them-

selves at my very feet, upon this eventful day. The rose colored

radiations on the Semele were beautiful and looked like many sky-

rockets going heavenward.

Among the species collected which are not mentioned above, are as

follows :

Acmcca asmi, mitra, patina, pelta, persona, spectrum, incessa,

instabilis, Adula falcata, stylina, Amphissa corrugata, Amycla

carinata,Bittiumfilosum, Calliostomacostatum, Cardiumcorbis, Ceros-

toina fo Hat urn, Chama pellndda, (valves only) CMorostomamontereyi,

Pfeifferl, ? Crepidula adunca, navicelloidcs, Entodesma saxicola, Litho-

phagus plumula, Fissuridea aspera, Haliotis fulgens, (large but poor

specimens, washed ashore) Bipponyx turn ens, Kellia Laperousii, var.

Chironii, Lacuna unifasciata, Lazaria subqnadrata, (valves), Litor-

ina planaxis. Lunatia Lewisii, (half a foot in length) Lyonsia Cali-

fornica, Macoma nasuta, inquinata, Siliqna patula, Mytihis Cali/orn-

ianus, Nassa fossata, Cooper i, Margarita pupilla, Ocinebra lurida,in-

terfossa,' Olivella biplicata, Petricola carditoides, Pecten hastatus,

(valves) Pholadidea penita, parva, Platyodon cancella1vs,Parapholas

calif or nica, Placunanomia macroschisma, (valves) Purpura crispata,

lima, saxicola, ostrina, Saxicava arctica, Saxidomus aratus, Tapes

staminea, tenerrima, ruderata, Tellina Bodegensis, (valves) Zirphcea

crispata, Cryptochiton Stelleri, (seven inches long) Ischnochiton

Cooperi, Mopalia Hindsii and muscosa.

I have not gone carefully over the species collected — doubtless

many others might be included in this list — but the above will serve

to show the rich molluscan fauna of this certainly delightful penin-

sula. The territory worked over by me cannot be more than four

miles square. The specimens collected already number many thou-

sands and the rate at which they are being gathered, who knows but

54 THE NAUTILUS.

it shall require the chartering of the small schooner now lying in

the channel, to carry them down to the City !

Deseo que el lugar que ha sicto tan atractivo y productive en lo

pasado para ei que se suscribe para siempre permanetea inimitable.

Bolinas, Cal., July 4th.

NOTE ON A CALIFORNIAN HELIX.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

In the " Manual of American Land Shells " Mr. Binuey figured

a shell from San Pablo as a form of " Arionta calif orniensis var.

ramentosa Old." It would seem that the same form has been sub-

sequently described by both Dall and myself, although until recently

collating materials for the new catalogue of U. S. land shells, I had

entirely forgotten that I had ever noticed the form in question.

The published references are as follows:

1885. — " A smaller form of this variety \_i. e. ramentosa] from San

Pablo," W. G. Binney, Man. Arner. L. Sh., Bull. 28 U.S. Nat.

Mus., p. 133, f. 108 (no description).

1895, Feb. 2. — Epiphragmophora californiensisv. contracostce Pilsbry,

Guide to the Study of Helices, Man. Conch. (2), IX, p. 199 (a

nude name).

1895, Oct. 1. — Epiphraf/mophora calif or niensis var. contracostce Pils-

bry, Nautilus IX, p. 72 (description).

1896, Apr. 23. — Epiphragmophora Arnheimi Dall, Proc. U. S. Nat.

Nat. Mus. XVIII, p. 6 (no description ; refers to Binney's

figures).

1897, Jan. — Epiphragmophora Arnheimi Dall, Proc. U. S. N. M.

XIX, p. 375 (full description).

As will be seen from the above, the form was recognized by my-

self in 1894 when reviewing the Helices for the "Guide" but the

number in which the name appears although printed in 1894, was

not issued until February, 1895, and it was in no way defined at

that time ; the brief diagnosis then prepared being overlooked for

some months, finally appearing in October, 1895. I do not know

when the form was first recognized by my friend in Washington,

but from the notorious tardiness of the Proceedings of the Nat. Mus.,

and the fact that a partial abstract 01 DalPs article appeared in

NAUTILUS for Sept., 1895, and was furnished by him a month or two

THE NAUTILUS. •">•"'

earlier, it is likely that Prof. Dall recognized the form after the

publication of the nude name in Man. Conch., but before it was

scantily clothed with a description in the October NAUTILUS.

Call's first notice of the form referred merely to Binney's figures ;

but lately he has given an account of it which leaves nothing to be

desired save an equally good notice of the soft anatomy.

NEW UNIOS.

BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT.

Unio Buxtoni sp. m>v.

Shell very transverse or wide, subcylindrical, moderately and

uniformly inflated, subsolid, bluntly pointed and attenuated behind,

obliquely rounded in front and straight on the dorsura. Epidermis

olive-black and obscurely rayed throughout. Growth lines obscure.

Umbos depressed. Beaks pointed and very small, with two or three

distant, nodose undulations. Umbonal ridge rounded or subangular.

Beak cavities slight ; cavity of valves ample. Lateral teeth

straight, slender, thin and long, the inner one thicker and higher,

and both extending to the cardinals, which are erect, short, with

many curved ridgelets on the upper faces, double in the left and

single in the right valves. Cicatrices slightly impressed but well

defined, the anterior ones distinct, the smaller ones being crescent-

shaped, which divides occasionally into two separate pits; posterior

ones confluent and much elongated ; dorsal ones well impressed and

in the beak cavity. Pallial line distinct, at which the coruscations

end. Nacre uniform and of a brilliant copper tint. Width 2J

inches, length f inch, diameter v inch.

Habitat. — Lakelets of Marion Co., Florida.

Type in National Museum.

Remarks. — Affinity, U. Waltoni B. H. Wright, and U. na.sntn/iix

Lea. From the former it differs in being smaller, more solid, cylin-

drical, darker colored, more prominent umbonal ridge, not sub-

emarginate at base, and in having a more prolonged dorsal line be-

hind. Behind, and in size and structure, it reminds one of U. nasu-

tiilus, which never has an upturned keel in front as in our shell, and

has a livid nacre.

We have great pleasure in naming this species for our good friend

and naturalist, Mr. William W. Buxton, of Milo Centre, N. Y.,

•whose company has so often enlivened our collecting excursions.

56 THE NAUTILUS.

TJnio Suttoni sp. nov.

Shell oblong, roughened by growth lines and solid, sides dilated

almost to the extremities, and slightly constricted near the middle

of the base. Base slightly convex or subemarginate, bluntly pointed

behind and very abruptly rounded or subtruncate before and

slightly arched above. Epidermis reddish or pale olive, with very

obscure rays or rayless, slightly wrinkled on the posterior dorsal

area or smooth. Beaks depressed and umbos flattened or slightly

rounded. Umbonal ridge obtusely rounded and elevated from beak

to base. Cavity of the shell ample and quite uniform; cavity of

beaks slight. Nacre heavy, and varying from satin white to dark

copper color, and slightly thinner behind. Cardinal teeth erect,

somewhat compressed and bluntly notched. Lateral teeth long and

slightly curved, rather slender and compressed. Width 2i inches,

length Is inches, diameter f inch.

Habitat. — Lake near Candler, Marion Co., Florida.

Type and forms in National Museum.

Remarks. — This is an exceedingly variable species like the type

of the group to which it belongs, U. Buckleyi Lea, It may always

be distinguished from that species by the greater fullness in the pos-

terior portion, and has a slight constriction where that is usually

enlarged. It may be distinguished from U. Ferrissii Marsh, by its

greater and more uniform inflation, straighter base, more obtuse

umbonal angle, and is in every way a more massive shell. Fifty

specimens have been received from Mr. B. Sutton, of Candler,

Marion Co., Florida, for whom we name the species.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa-

tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson.]

After the General Secretary had forwarded the MS. for THE

NAUTILUS for August, she received a letter from Mr. A. H.Gardner

notifying her in re the vol. of Transactions. Mr. J. J. White, and

Mr. M. Leon Walker have also reported. At this writing Aug. 10

the vol. is in Mass. The Secretary appreciates the notification when

the book has been forwarded.

It is not too early to canvass for our next General Secretary. The

present one would nominate Dr. W. S. Strode, Lewiston, 111. for

General Secretary for 1898. Dr. Strode has been a valued mem-

ber for years.

THE NAUTILUS. 57

PURPURA LAPILLUS L.

(Extract from the report of Mrs. D. J. Wentworth. From the Transactions of the

Isaac Lea Chapter for 1896.)

No shell is more common on our New England shores than Pur-

pura lapillus Linne, and yet, no shell of this region has to me, at

least, so much of interest connected with it.

Purpura lapillu* is an humble but most worthy descendant of the

aristocratic Muricidse, and surely the Murex is an aristocrat among

shells, with its beautiful forms, dainty sculpturing, delicate coloring,

and its long traditions of usefulness and importance.

Plain in its general aspect, as it certainly is, Purpura lapillus has

nevertheless, much in common with its more highly favored rela-

tions. It is an old member of an ancient race, fossil remains of

Purpura lapillus are found in the Red Crag deposits of Europe.

This species is remarkable for its variation in solidity of shell,

form, sculpture size, coloring and habitat. It varies in thickness

from three-sixteenths of an inch to a shell so thin one could easily

perforate the outer lip with a pin. In form they vary from a short

broad shell with obtuse spire and flattened whorls to a long shell

with acute spire and convex whorls,

In some the coarse revolving ridges are barely discernable, while

in others they are very prominent. The faint lines of growth which

intersect the revolving ridges of this shell are, in some specimens,

brought into marked prominence by rows of ruffles or scallops, and

this sculpturing undoubtedly gave Lamarck reason for naming this

variety Purpura umbilicata. Many of the solid shells have rows of

nodules or teeth within the aperture on the outer lip,

These solid shells are usually grayish-white or white outside, with

reddish-purple, yellow or white apertures ; but the thinner shells are

often brown, orange or lavender, and these colors are frequently

banded with white. I have never seen two specimens banded just

alike. The orange and white combinations are especially pretty.

The variety called by Lamarck P. umbilicata, so far as I have ob-

served, are always a greyish-white on the outside, with a reddish-

purple aperture. This variety I have found only in a brackish

river where they are often seen crawling about in the mud, and their

color is so nearly the color of the mud on which they are found that

it undoubtedly serves to protect them from the ravages of their

enemy. Associated in this river with Purpura lapillus, and much

resembling it in size, color and general shape, is the Urosalpin.c

cinerea. The usual habitat of the Purpura is in the nooks and

crevices of rocks. Why do these river shells choose the mud?

58 THE NAUTILUS.

Purpura lapillus is an arctic species and ranges from Norway to

New York. It is found on the coast of Europe, where, according to

Sowerby, it grows much larger than on our own coast.

This species confines his daily rambles to that part of the shores

left bare, by the tides, seldom venturing below low water mark.

There on the rocks or other hard substances he finds his favorite

food, the succulent barnacle, sometimes varying his diet with a choice

bit of Mytilu* edulis, to obtain which he will bore through the

shell. Finally the mussel becomes so weakened that its valves fly

open, when the Purpura promptly accepts the more favorable open-

ing and proceeds to gorge himself with the delicious morsel, after

which he will lie inactive waiting for a return of appetite. Limpets,

Littorinas. clams, mussels, etc., are said to find a place on his menu.

From time to time throughout the year the Purpura deposits its

eggs enclosed in little vase like capsules. These capsules may be

found in clusters attached to the undersides of rocks. In confine-

ment it takes about four months for these eggs to mature and then

the young do not immediately leave the capsule, seemingly prefer-

ring to try their strength a little before venturing on the broad

ocean. The young hatched in captivity instinctively leave the

water every day, remaining out about the time it takes for the tide

to ebb and flow.

A few years ago while fishing I had occasion to crack some Pnr-

pura for bait. After cracking their shells I placed the snails in my

handkerchief to keep them safely until needed. I soon found that

the snails had stained my handkerchief with bright purple spots

which repeated washings only served to render more brilliant. Thus

I was reminded of the Tyrian purple of the ancients, and led to fancy

that perhaps in a somewhat similar manner, the dye was discovered.

In later years this dye was manufactured in Ireland but so little was

obtained from each animal, and other cheaper dyes being discovered,

our humble shell-fish were left to die a natural death, and are now

useful only to amateur fishermen and so-called " queer people," or

"cranks " who go around collecting shells and studying them.

Purpura lapillus commonly called "dog winkle "by the English,

has many scientific names, among which are Buccininn lapillus,

Tritonium lapillus, etc. But Avhat is a name ? The Purpura lapil-

lus under whatever name he has crawled or sailed has a long, inter-

esting honorable history ; has during his day and generation been

useful and ornamental in the world, doing his duty faithfully accord-

ing to the light given him and making nopretentions to superiority,

and who of us can do better than that ?

THE NAUTILUS. 59

»

28b. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA TRASKI CUYAMACENSIS Hemp. Cuya-

nmca Mt., San Diego Co.

28c. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA TRASKI TULARENSIS Pilsbry. Eraser's

Mills, Tulare Co.

29. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA CARPENTERI (Newc.). Coronado Is.,

and vicinity of San Diego, Cal. Probably a subspecies of E. traski.

Original locality, "Tulare Valley," perhaps erroneous.

30. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA INDIOENSIS (Yates). Indio, Riverside

Co, Cal.

31. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA ROWELLII (Newc.). Fort Grant, Ari-

zona.

32. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA ARIZONENSIS Dall. Banks of Santa

Cruz River, Tucson, Arizona.

33. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA MAGDALENENSIS (Stearns). Johnson

Canyon, near the Panamint Valley, and near Resting Springs,

Southern California. Also State of Souora, Mexico.

34. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA HACHITANA Dall. Fort Huachuca,

Huachuca Mts. and Tucson, Arizona; below San Quentin, Lower

( 'alifornia ; Peloncello Mts., top of Hachita Grande Mt., Grant Co.,

near Carrizollilo Springs, New Mexico; and at some adjacent local-

ities south of the international boundary.

35. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA COLORADOENSIS (Stearns). Grand Can-

yon of the Colorado River, Arizona, opposite the Kaibab plateau,

elevation 3,500 feet ; also Inyo and San Diego Cos., Cal.

36. EPIPARAGMOPHORA ARROSA (Gld.). Coast counties from

Humboldt to Santa Cruz.

36a. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA ARROSA j. holderiana Cooper. E. side

San Francisco Bay.

36b. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA ARROSA /. stiversiana Cooper. Marin

Co.

36c. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA ARROSA/. marinensis Pils. Marin Co.

36d. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA ARROSA EXPANSILABRIS Pils. Hum-

boldt Co., near Eureka.

37. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA EXARATA (Pfr.). Santa Cruz Co. to

Marin Co., Cal. Probably iutergrades completely with the preced-

ing.

38. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA CONTRACOST^G Pilsbry. Byron Hot

Springs, San Pablo, and Pt. Isabel, Contra Costa Co. ; Nachoguero

Valley. (Epiphragmophora Arnheimi Dall is the same).

39. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA CALIFORNIENSIS (Lea). Monterey, Cal.

39a. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA CALIFORNIENSIS NICKLINIANA (Lea).

Santa Cruz Co., north (? to Mendociuo Co.).

60 THE NAUTILUS.

39b. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA OALIFORNIENSIS ANACHORETA (W. G.

B.).

39c. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA CALIFORNIENSIS RAMENTOSA (Gld.).

Napa Co. to Santa Clara Co. .

39d. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA CALIFORNIENSIS BRIDGESI (Newc.).

San Pablo.

39e. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA CALIFORNIENSIS DIABLOENSIS (J. G.

Coop.). San Francisco to Yolo Co.

40. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA TUDICULATA (Binn.). Tulare Co., (ty-

pical form).

40a. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA TUDICULATA CYPREOPHILA (Newc.).

Calaveras, Tuolumne, Merced, Tulare and Los Angeles Cos.

40b. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA TUDICULATA SUBDOLUS Hemph. San

Jaciuto Valley, San Diego Co.

40c. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA TUDICULATA UMBILICATA Pils. San

Luis Obispo Co.

40d. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA TUDICULATA TULARENSIS Hemph.

Eraser's Mills, Tulare Co.

Subgenus Micrarionta Ancey, 1880.

41. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA GABBI (Newc.). San Clemen te Island.

41a. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA GABBI FACTA (Newc.). Santa Barbara

and San Nicholas Is.

42. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA RUFICINCTA (Newc.). Santa Catalina

Island.

43. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA INTERCISA (W. G. B.). San Cletnente

and Santa Cruz Is. Forms minor, elegans, nepos and albhhi Hemph.

and callqjunctisYils. have been named.

43a. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA INTERCISA REDIMITA (W. G. B.). San

Clemen te Is. Color varieties castanea and hybrida Hemph. have

been named.

44. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA KELLETTII (Forbes). Santa Cataliua

Island. Color forms castanea, nitida, multllineata, frater, califor-

nica, forbesi, bicolor, tricolor, albida Hemph. have been named.

44a. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA KELLETTII STEARNSIANA (Gabb.).

San Diego, southward, on the mainland.

45. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA TRYONI (Newc.). Santa Barbara and

San Nicholas Is. Color varieties varius, nebnlosa, fasciata, califor-

nica and albida Hemphill.

45a. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA TRYONI SUBCARINATA Hemphill. Santa

Barbara I. ; fossil.

(To be Continued^)

THE NAUTILUS.

VOL. XI. OCTOBER, 1897. No. 6.

NEW LAND SHELLS FROM MEXICO AND NEW MEXICO.

BY W. H. DALL.

Holospira (Haplostemma) Cockerelli n. sp.

Shell small, pupiform, blunt-tipped, with two smooth nuclear and

about a dozen subsequent whorls ; those following the nucleus are

rather strongly obliquely ribbed with close set fine riblets which be-

come fainter over the main body of the spire and reappear again on

the last whorl ; aperture entire, simple, rounded, but a little angular

at the posterior outer corner ; the umbilicus closed, the spire grad-

ually enlarging to the eleventh whorl, then slightly attenuated. Alt.

12'5, max. diam. 3'2 mm.

Found in the debris of the Rio Grande at Mesilla, New Mexico,

by Prof. Cockerell.

This is the second species of Haplostemma, and one of the small-

est, if not the smallest, Holospira yet recorded. It forms an addi-

tion to the fauna of the United States.

Eucalodium hippocastaueum n. sp.

Shell of moderate size, with 8 (decollate) whorls, the penultimate

the largest, thence gently tapering to the decollate apex ; surface

very dark chestnut brown covered with fine, slightly wavy, close

set riblets accompanied by fine axial wrinkles near the sutures, a

few irregular spiral threads occasionally appear, suture distinct,

umbilicus closed, a faint keel below the periphery of the last whorl,

aperture simple, rounded, the peristome slightly thickened, not re-

flected. Alt. 32, max. diam. 9*2, aperture 8 mm.

62 THE NAUTILUS.

The species is near E. Boucardii Salle from Cordova, but differs

by smaller size, darker color, less sharp sculpture and the presence

of spiral lines.

From San Sebastian, Jalisco, Mex., E. W. Nelson.

Coelocentrum astrophorea n. sp.

Shell pale yellow brown, decollate, with 15 remaining whorls, the

first six of which taper, while the rest are subequal ; suture distinct

minutely channelled, or with a sharp edged thread on each side of

it, surface polished with concavely flexuous small ribs with wider

interspaces, on which is visible obscure spiral striation ; last whorl

keeled below, projecting, aperture rounded triangular, slightly re-

flected, simple ; axis large, pervious except at the base ; within the

whorl with a medial keel on each side of which it is excavated and

vertically ribbed, while from the junction of keel and ribs small

spines like the rays of a star project into the lumen of the whorl.

Alt. 30, max. diam. 7, aperture 4'7 mm.

From Encarnacion, Hidalgo, Mex., E. W. Nelson.

Though the spines are obviously merely an evolution from the

usual nodes, they are remarkable and hitherto unrecorded in any

species.

Schazicheila hidalgoana n. sp.

Shell trochoid depressed with a rather pointed spire and nearly

five whorls ; white with extremely fine close-set rounded riblets in

harmony with the lines of growth ; nucleus rounded, smooth ; suture

very distinct, slope of the spire flattened a little, periphery obscurely

keeled ; aperture rounded-triangular, outer lip reflected with a

shallow sinus at its posterior extremity, rounded below with a thick

body callus (on which is a keel for the edge of the operculum)

uniting the lips ; umbilicus covered by a thin callus, base moder-

ately rounded; operculum (lost)? Alt. 8*5, mag. diam. 12, ruin,

diam. 9 '5, aperture 6mm.

Found at Encarnacion, Hidalgo, Mex., by Nelson.

This species is obviously distinct from any of those heretofore

described in this very limited genus.

ON TWO NEW SPECIES OF AMPHIDROMTJS.

BY C. F. ANCEY.

Amphidromus Fultoni Anc.

Shell sinistral, short, ovate-conic, minutely perforate, thin, ob-

liquely striate, subangulate at the periphery, chiefly at the begin-

THE NAUTILUS. 63

ning of the last whorl. Spire rather briefly conic, apex dark brown ;

whorls 6, the first ones distinctly, the last barely, convex ; apical

whorls white, lower of a pale lemon color; the third ornamented

with two faint series of pale brownish and very small spots ; the

last with a narrow yellow zone below the suture, circumscribed by an

indistinct, broad, white band, and furnished with two fine brown

revolving lines more or less evanescent towards the aperture, the

upper one at the periphery, the other around the yellow umbilical

area. Aperture oblique ; colurnella straight, thin, expanded, white.

Lip thin, white, slightly expanded.

Length 23j, diam. 14, length of aperture 11 mill.

Locality : Cochinchina.

This, as well as the following, are members of the group of A.

flavus Pfeiffer, according to Mr. Hugh Fulton, who kindly ex-

amined the specimens and declared them to be new species. From

the former it differs in being shorter, in having 6 whorls only, a

dark colored apex, two narrow revolving bands on the last whorl,

and other particulars. Named in honor of Mr. Fulton, who has

very thoroughly and carefully monographed this difficult genus.

Amphidromus Eudeli Anc.

Shell sinistral, rather solid, oblong-conic, obliquely striate, nar-

rowly rimate ; spire conic, apex dark brown ; whorls 7, convex, the

first ones dull white, the fourth and lower ones cream, with oblique

bluish-gray stripes, interrupted at the middle on the penultimate

and preceding whorls, and evanescent at the suture ; last half

whorl bluish-gray, with a cream-yellow band and umbilical area of

the same tinge ; a narrow infra-sutural line of a reddish-brown color

on the last and penultimate whorls. Aperture small, oblique, ex-

panded, interior grayish. Columella thick, reflected, paler at the

upper part. Lip thickened, dark brown externally, purple inside,

particularly so near the umbilicus.

Length 28, diam. 14, length of aperture 11 mill.

Locality : near Binh-Dinh, Annam, in forests (E. Eudel).

This is allied to A. zebrinus Pfeiffer, from Siam, but is appar-

ently larger and more solid, and differs in having a purple peristome ;

externally black-brown, and several striking characters.

64 THE NAUTILUS.

NEW SPECIES OF TERTIARY MOLLUSCA FROM VANCOUVER ISLAND.

BY JOHN C. MERRIAM.

The species here described have already been mentioned by the

author as being new forms in a short paper1 on the age and general

character of two Tertiary faunas from the southern coast of Van-

couver Island.

These faunas were referred to two horizons occurring at different

localities, one at Carmanah Point at the entrance to the Strait of

Fuca, the other near Muir and Coal Creeks in the Sooke district.

The horizon at the first-named locality was temporarily designated

as the Carmanah Point beds, and is correlated with Conrad's

Astoria Miocene, excluding the lower portion of his series which

has been supposed to be Eocene. The second horizon was named

the Sooke beds, and is, as nearly as can be determined from the study

of the known fauna, of Middle Neocene age.

The material on which the descriptions are based was collected

by Dr. C. F. Newcombe, of Victoria, B. C., who has kindly per-

mitted the author to study the extensive collections which he has

made at both of the above-mentioned localities.

Cytherea Newcombei n. sp.

Shell subquadrate to oval, high, moderately thick, truncated an-

teriorly. Beaks not prominent. Lunule faintly marked. Surface

ornamented with numerous, irregularly placed growth lines and

ridges. On some well-preserved specimens a large number of very

faint radial lines are visible. Length of large specimen 70 mm.,

breadth 55 mm. Hinge of right valve with three cardinal teeth

and a short pit for the anterior lateral tooth of the opposite valve.

This pit for the reception of the anterior lateral tooth is shallower

and much shorter than in the following species.

Locality: Sooke beds, Vancouver Island.

Cytherea vancouverensis n. sp.

Shell oval, narrowly rounded anteriorly. Beaks prominent.

Lunule well marked. The somewhat weathered surface of the

shells ornamented by numerous, irregularly placed growth ridges.

Length of type specimen 62? mm., breadth 48 mm. Hinge of right

1 Note on Two Tertiary Faunas from the Kocks of the Southern Coast of

Vancouver Island. Bull. Geol. Dept. Univ. of Calif., Vol. 2, No. 3.

THE NAUTILUS. 65

valve with three cardinal teeth and a long, deep tooth pit for the

reception of the anterior lateral tooth of the left valve. Pit

between the two anterior cardinal teeth of right valve ordinarily

narrower and deeper than in C. Neivcombei.

Locality : Sooke beds, Vancouver Island.

Patella geometrica n. sp.

Shell large and heavy, up to 50 mm. or more in length, suborbi-

cular. Apex elevated, well forward. Surface ornamented by about

twenty broad, strong, radial ribs, which are much wider than the

interspaces. Radial ribs crossed by numerous, prominent, narrow,

sometimes leafy, transverse ridges.

Locality : Sooke beds, Vancouver Island.

Turritella diversilineata n. sp.

Shell medium size. The imperfect type specimen shows seven

flattened whorls, which are strongly bevelled below. Flattened

sides ornamented by five revolving ribs of which the lowest, stand-

ing on the angle of the whorl, is much stronger than the others. On

some of the whorls there are indications of revolving sculpture on

the bevelled surface between the lowest rib and the suture.

Locality : Carmanah Point, Vancouver Island.

Nassa Newcombei n. sp.

Shell between 25 and 30 mm. in length. Whorls five, with a

well marked shoulder, ornamented by numerous longitudinal and

transverse ribs which give the middle portion of the whorls a tessel-

ated appearance. The upper revolving rib, which forms the angle

of the shoulder, is stronger than the others and is usually separated

from them by a distinct groove. On the last whorl the transverse

ribs (about 25) are dominant on the upper portion, excepting the

shoulder, and are latticed by the less conspicuous revolving sculpt-

ure. On the lower portion of the whorl the transverse ribs dis-

appear, leaving the well-defined revolving ribs uninterrupted.

Bullia buccinoides n. sp.

Shell ovate, whorls five. Spire short. Suture partially or en-

tirely covered. Aperture with strong anterior notch. Outer lip

thin, sharp ; inner lip with broad callus. Length 25-30 mm.

Locality: Sooke beds, Vancouver Island.

University of California, August, 1897.

'^/LIBRARY

66 THE NAUTILUS.

EDITOKIAL CORRESPONDENCE.

MARSHFIELD, OREGON (Coos BAY), Aug. 23, 1897.

My Dear Pilsbry : — Though I have had good success as far as

fossils are concerned, it has been the wrong season for land shells in

southern Oregon. Everything is three inches deep in impalpable

dry dust, and even the trees are dusty. Barring a few Helix fidelis

and vancouverensis in aestivation and an occasional Ariolimax, I

have seen nothing in the woods, and the rare brooks here are curi-

ously bare of insect or molluscan life.

Since coming to the sea coast I have been too busy to do more

than note the commoner species on the beaches, and observe a few

items of distribution. The eastern clam, Mya arenaria, has become

acclimated, and is one of the best and most abundant bivalves. It

was introduced unintentionally with seed oysters from the East.

The Pacific oyster, 0. lurida, is not now found living in the bay,

but specimens (which may have been brought here from other

places) occur sparingly in the Indian shell heaps. Unexpected was

the presence of Nassa fossata in numbers, I think not before re-

ported so far north. A rarity of the rocks at Cape Arago is the

black abalone, Haliotis cracherodii, of which this must be nearly, if

not quite, the northern limit. Among rubbish on the beach were a

dead specimen of Mitra maura, and a valve, also dead and worn, of

Tivela crassatelloides. These I suspect to be ballast specimens.

The beaches offer a poor collecting ground, even Littorinas are

scarce. I noted the following species of shells near the entrance of

the bay, though winter collecting would doubtless afford a longer

list: —

Acmaea patina, pelta, persona and mitra ; Olivella biplicata and

bcetica ; Purpura crispata, decemcostata and ostrina ; Litorina scutn-

lata, Priene oregonensis, Nassa fossata, Fissuridea aspera, Crypto-

chiton stelleri, Katherina tunicata and Mopalia muscosa; Mya aren-

aria, Entodesma saxicola, Cardiwn nuttalli, Saxidomus squalidus,

Tresus nuttallii, Tapes rigida, Petricola carditoides, Saxicava arctica,

Macoma nasuta and ineonspieua (pink and white varieties), Siliqua

patula, Hinnites giganteus ; a fragment of Pecten caurinus, and in

holes in the sandstones Pholadidea penita, Parapholas californica,

Zirphcea crispata, Adula stylina and Kellia laperousei.

Yours very truly,

W. H. BALL.

THE NAUTILUS. 67

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa-

tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson.]

The annual reports will be due in December. Promptness in

sending reports will be appreciated by the General Secretary. The

annual dues are due in December. The election of President and

General Secretary is held in the same month.

Our President, Prof. Josiah Keep, conducted a class in conchol-

ogy at Pacific Grove this last summer.

COLLECTING AT BALLAST POINT.

(Extract from the report of Mrs. L T. From the Transactions of the Isaac Lea

Chapter for 1896.)

On Thursday, Dec. 31, 1896, at 8 A. M., our family started out to

finish up the year by collecting shells on that day. We went to

San Diego — a ten minutes' trip by rail — and then took a naptha

launch for somewhere, we were not sure where, until we could take

our bearings, and see what places were possible to us.

Out past the ships from England and Australia we made our

way, and could soon see the row of little settlements, if such they

may be called, along the north end of the bay. Farthest to the

east is Roseville, then La Playa, Quarantine, Ballast Point, and

farthest to the west, Pt. Loma, a promontory, five hundred feet

high, surmounted by its lighthouse.

As we studied our geography lesson, it was decided that our boat

should drop us at Quarantine and call for us at 3.30 P.M., at Bal-

last Point, a distance one and one-half miles if you ride, and two

miles or more if you walk.

About 10.30 we set our foot on the beach at Quarantine, and, a

few minutes later, having eaten our lunch to get it out of the way,

we began to work. At high tide the walk we contemplated would

have been impossible, as the water comes quite up to the bank,

which, much of the way, is a high and precipitous cliff. But the

tide was going out rapidly, and not only making a pathway, but

uncovering for us what we had come to see. Mr. T., with his Zool-

ogy class in mind, walked along at the water's edge, watching

closely for all kinds of animal life.

I walked up on the just uncovered beach, seeing what I might

capture. My first prize proved to be a "giant key-hole," Lucapina

68 THE NAUTILUS.

crenulata, animal and shell still in partnership. As this was the

first one I had seen alive, I was more delighted than if I should

have been over the discovery of a continent. I have all the conti-

nents I want, but am always ready for another giant key-hole.

Having all paid our respects to our new acquaintance, and re-

covered somewhat from the shock of finding something we really

wanted, we gently put him to rest in the pail of sea water carried

by the " zoologist," and we proceeded on our way to other " finds."

Not many minutes later another Lucapina met my delighted gaze,

and with fewer demonstrations than before, he was seized and sent

at once to join his brother.

By this time we had come to the bed of mussels, clams and oysters

which had begun to be exposed to view. We had reason to look

for rock oysters, Hinnites giganteus, in that section of the country,

but as collecting them had never been much in our line before, it

took us some time to learn how to find them. They were so muddy

and looked so much like other things for which we had no use, that

we could'nt always be sure of what we were getting, till afterward.

While Mr. T. wrestled with that problem, I amused myself by

springing pleasant surprises on cup and saucer limpets, Criicibulum

spinosum, and transferring them to my basket irom their happy

homes on stones, old shells, broken glass, etc. As this was a new

kind of limpet for me to collect alive in any quantity, and of good

size, I laid in a good supply. Occasionally specimens of Lutricola

alta, Semele decisa,Sanguinolaria Nutiallii, Psammobia rubro-radiata,

Bulla nebulosa and Haminea virescens were found along here.

A little further on we began to find quantities of Heterodonax

bimaculatm, of a larger size than we had found in San Pedro Bay,

of various colors, purple, salmon, white and striped, every one too

beautiful to leave !

A few minutes before time for our return boat, our most exciting

capture was made, that of a devil fish, presumably 18 inches or

more from tip to tip (he would'nt lie still to have his measure taken).

He was ruthlessly torn from the hole under a stone where he was

domiciled, and, in spite of his writhes and wriggles, was consigned

to the sea water pail, which by this time was filled to overflowing

with star-fish, sea-cucumbers and the not to be overlooked giant

key-holes. Now the star-fish were respectfully invited to take a

back seat in some of the numerous bags, etc., which we have learned

to carry for just such emergencies, that his majesty, the devil fish,

THE NAUTILUS. 69

might have their room. Ashamed of himself, as he well might be

(or was it only a becoming modesty which impelled him ?) he im-

mediately began to squirm his way to the very bottom of the pail,

and there he remained for the home trip.

Then with heavy loads but light hearts, we found our way to the

light house on Ballast Point, where our launch soon called for us.

As we went down to the water to step on board, Mr. T., who led the

way, saw directly in his path, as if waiting for hifn, our third Luca-

pina. Back to San Diego, six miles, we went, and by six o'clock

were at home, and preparing to put in formalin "pickle" for

future use, the finds of the day.

GENERAL NOTES.

A few months ago I received from H. Rolle, Berlin, two speci-

mens of Achatina crawfordi Melv. One of the shells was broken

when received, and noticing that there appeared to be something

loose inside, I investigated, and got out three embryonic shells

about 8 mm. in diameter. As the Achatinidce are said to be ovipa-

rous, this was quite a surprise to me, and I thought a note of it

might be of interest to you. As there was no sign of a " calcareous

shell," it would appear that this species, at least, is viviparous.

— Geo. H. Clapj).

POLYGYRA MEARNSII Ball, has been found by Prof. J. D. Tinsley

in the Organ Mts., New Mexico, high up in Filmore Cafion, one

dead shell. I am responsible for the identification.

T. D. A. Cockerell.

Dr. Lorenzo Yates, of Santa Barbara, Cal., has a short article on

the shells of Santa Barbara Channel in the August number of the

" Overland Monthly."

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

Messrs Ph. Dautzenberg and H. Fischer have issued their final

report on mollusks obtained by the dredgings made by the " Hiron-

delle" and the " Princesse Alice," 1888-1896.1 A useful table of

the stations precedes the report on species. The operations were

nearly all conducted around the Azores Is. New species are de-

de la Soc. Zool. de France, X, 1897.

70 THE NAUTILUS.

scribed of the genera Pleurotoma (sensu latissirao), Cerithiella,

Amphirissoa (a new Rissoid genus with continuous, reflexed peri-

stome), Basilissopis (a new genus resembling Basilissa, but not

pearly, etc.), Enlima, Niso, Turbonilla, Turcicula, Cyclostrema, Coc-

ciilina, Puncturella, Acmcea, Aliceia (name preoccupied), Isomonia

(new group of Anomiidce), Chlamys, Amussium, Myrina,Arca, Leda,

Malletia, Cardium, Axinus, Diplodonta, Cusjndaria, Verticordia,

Thracia and Poromya. All the new forms are figured, but the pho-

totypes are not so clear in detail as we could desire, being decidedly

inferior to those illustrating " Les Mollusques Marins du Roussil-

lon," for example. Otherwise the work seems well done in every

respect.

In treating the Scalidce and the genus Mathilda obtained by the

same expedition,2 Mr. Dautzenberg has the able assistance of Mr.

E. de Boury, well known for his studies on Scalidce. Thirteen spe-

cies are recorded, of which seven are new.

BREEDING SINISTRAL HELICES. — Arnold Lang, in Vierteljahr-

schr. Naturf. Ges. Zurich, XLI, 1896, Jubelband, p. 448, gives the

results of two experiments to ascertain whether as a rule sinistral

individuals of normally dextral snails produced sinistral or dextral

young. The experiments were conducted two consecutive years,

once with seven, another time with nine individuals of Helix poma-

tia. They were completely isolated ; and the result was only dex-

tral young. No less than 241 young were obtained from the lot of

seven.

Edwin Grant Conklin, Professor of Comparative Embryology in

the University of Pennsylvania, has published in the Journal of

Morphology for April, 1897, an elaborate work on the Embryology

of Crepidula, with especial reference to the " cleavage of the ovum,

the formation of the germinal layers and definitive organs, and the

axial relations of the ovum to the larval and adult axes." The

work is too extensive for abstract here, being, in fact, one of the

most thoroughly worked out studies in "cell lineage" yet produced

in America, and especially valuable for the attention given to the

later stages with the object of tracing the individual blastomeres of

the cleaving egg onward to the germ layers. The interesting obser-

vations upon the natural history of Crepidula forming part of the

prefatory portion of Prof. Couklin's memoir, we hope to reprint

later.

2 Same volume.

THE NAUTILUS. 71

Genus CEPOLIS Montfort, 1810.

Section Hemitrochus Swainson, 1840.

46. CEPOLIS VAEIANS (Menke). Key West ; Lower and Upper

Matacumba Keys ; Biscayne Bay. Also New Providence, Inagua,

etc., Bahamas.

Genus ACANTHINULA Beck, 1846.

The systematic position of this genus and of Vallonia is unknown.

Section Zoogenites Morse, 1864.

47. ACANTHINULA HARPA (Say). Northern tier of States from

Maine to Minnesota ; Canada ; Bering Island (Vega) ; also Sweden,

Kamchatka, etc.

Genus VALLONIA Risso, 1826.

48. VALLONIA PULCHELLA (Miill.). Montana eastward, from

Canada to, or nearly to, the Gulf of Mexico. Europe.

49. VALLONIA EXCENTRICA Sterki. Quebec and Maine to Mary-

land, west of Ohio ; also Europe.

50. VALLONIA COSTATA (Miill.). Quebec to Washington, west

to Colorado, Europe.

50a. VALLONIA COSTATA MONTANA Sterki. Rocky Mts.

51. VALLONIA ALBULA Sterki. Quebec, Manitoba, British

Columbia.

52. VALLONIA PARYULA Sterki. Illinois to Nebraska, south to

Indian Territory (F. americana Ancey is the same).

53. VALLONIA GRACILICOSTA Reinh. Mingusville, Mont. ; Fort

Berthold, Dakota.

54. VALLONIA CYCLOPHORELLA Ancey. Washington to Montana,

south to New Mexico.

55. VALLONIA PERSPECTIVA Sterki. Northern Alabama and

Tennesee to Iowa ; Mingusville, Montana.

Subfamily POLYGYRINJE (vel Protogona).

Genus PKATICOLELLA v. Martens, 1892.

56. PRATICOLELLA BERLANDIERIANA (Moricand). Texas,

Anderson and Bosque Counties southward : also Mexico.

57. PRATICOLELLA GRISEOLA (Pfr.). Southern-central Texas;

also and mainly Mexico, as far south as Vera Cruz.

72 THE NAUTILUS.

Genus POLYGYRA Say, 1818.

(Typical Section).

58. POLYGYRA CEREOLUS (Miihlf.). Florida Keys and the

adjacent mainland.

58a. POLYGYRA CEREOLUS CARPENTERIANA (Bid.). Florida,

mainly on the west coast.

59. POLYGYRA SEPTEMVOLVA Say. Central and northeastern

Florida.

59a. POLYGYRA SEPTEMVOLVA SANCTIJOHANNIS Pils. Valley

of the St. John's River.

59b. POLYGYRA SEPTEMVOLVA VOLVOXIS (Pfr.). St. Simon's I.,

Georgia, to Florida and west to New Orleans, La., and Galvestou,

Texas. (Poly.febigeri Bid. is a synonym).

59c. POLYGYRA SEPTEMVOLVA FLORIDANA Hemphill. Oyster

Bay, Florida.

* * *

60. POLYGYRA AURICULATA Say. Indian River region and St.

John's valley to Cedar Keys.

60a. POLYGYRA AURICULATA MICROFORIS Dall. Johnson's

Sink, Alachua Co.,Fla.

61. POLYGYRA UVULIFERA (Shuttl.). Florida, Key West and

Cape Sable north to Tampa Bay ; Lake Apopka.

62. POLYGYRA AURIFORMIS (Bid.). Cornal, Bexar and Burleson

Counties, Texas, east to Unioutown, Ala. and Georgia.

63. POLYGYRA ESPILOCA (" Rav." Bid.). Sullivan's I., S. C.and

St. Simon I., Ga., west to New Orleans, La. and Indianola, Texas.

64. POLYGYRA POSTELLIANA (Bid.). Coast counties of Georgia

to Baldwin, Florida.

65. POLYGYRA AVARA Say. Valley of the St. John's River,

Florida.

66. POLYGYRA PUSTULA (Fer.). South Carolina and Lee Co.,

Ga., south to St. Augustine and Cedar Keys, Florida.

67. POLYGYRA PUSTULOIDES (Bid.). St. Simon I., Ga., west to

eastern Tennessee and Jackson Co., Ala.

68. POLYGYRA LEPORINA (Gld.). Henry Co., Indiana, through

Ky. and Tenn. to Ga. ; Cape Girardeau and Barry Counties, Mo.,

south and southwest to Ft. Gibson, Ind. Terr., and Anderson, Lee,

Washington, and Ft. Bend Counties, Texas. The only typical

Polygyra extending north of the Ohio River.

(To be Continued.^

THE NAUTILUS.

VOL. XI. NOVEMBER, 1897. No. 7.

NEW SPECIES OF MEXICAN LAND SHELLS.

BY W. H. DALL.

Helix (Lysinoe) Queretaroana n. sp.

Shell large, rugose, with a pale yellow-brown periostracum over a

livid whitish, finely granular surface ; whorls five, sloping above,

with a well marked suture, to a rather elevated narrow apex ; below

rounded ; nuclear whorl and a half smooth, perhaps with micro-

scopic punctuations when unworn ; the rest of the surface rugose

from irregular incremental lines and densely covered with minute

rounded pustules; apex with a few darker flecks on the whitish

ground, but otherwise the shell is destitute of color pattern and

entirely without banding; aperture ample, oblique, outer lip simple,

not reflected, internally somewhat thickened by a livid rose-colored

callus; inner lip rose color, reflected, nearly covering a small

perforate umbilicus ; throat brownish, deeper just below the suture

on the body whorl, a thin callus connecting the somewhat incurved

outer lip with the pillar; base turgid, rounded. Alt. 37, max.

diam. 39, min. diam. 32 mm.

Final de Amoles, Queretaro, Mexico, E. W. Nelson.

This fine species is related to H. Humboldtiana, from which it is

easily distinguished by its color, more pointed spire and less de-

pressed apex. The rose color of the interior becomes less bright

with time.

Helix (Lysinoe) sebastiana n. sp.

Shell large, moderately depressed, of four and a half whorls, with

a well marked suture; nepionic whorls two, smooth, plum colored;

74 THE NAUTILUS.

subsequent whorls obliquely flattened above, full and rounded

below ; surface marked only witb incremental lines and irregular

minute vermiculations in general harmony therewith ; color a dark

plum hue, which where covered by the brownish epidermis

appears nearly black ; at the periphery a narrow white or yellowish

band, above it two narrower, nearly equidistant smaller ones, that

nearer the suture more or less obscure on the last whorl ; the

whitish bands are visible inside the aperture, the rest of the shell is

dark ; aperture ample, produced above, the lip slightly thickened,

the pillar broadly reflected over a moderate umbilicus. Alt. 30,

max. diam. 40, min. diam. 32 mm.

This species is more depressed than H. eximia, and has one less

whorl, a darker base and less reflection of the peristome. The

granulation is rather sparse and very irregular.

Near San Sebastian, Jalisco, Mexico, Nelson.

Polygyra Nelsoni n. sp.

Shell dark brown, of five and a half rather depressed whorls ;

suture distinct, surface with well-marked even riblets, separated by

wider interspaces, except on the nepionic shell which is smooth,

and of two whorls ; periphery above the middle of the whorl, base

rounded with a deep subcylindrical umbilicus; aperture depressed

above, with a wide, reflected, white peristome; basal lip with two

well developed teeth and wide callus on the inner edge of the peri-

stome outside of the outer tooth ; body with a long sigmoid or

nearly V-shaped tooth nearly parallel with the basal lip. Alt. 7'2,

maj. diam. 14'5, min. diam. 12'0 mm.

With the last. This species differs from P. matermontana Pils.

(from Colima) by its coarser ribbing, larger size and smaller

umbilicus, the peristome is also more oblong. P. plagioglossa Pfr. is

smaller with a rounder aperture. A smaller relatively more

elevated variety, collisella, alt. 7, maj. diam. 11, min. diam. 95

mm., was found at San Sebastian and La Laguna, Jalisco, by Nelson-

The latter is on the Sierra de Guanocatlan.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW VARIETY OF LAND SHELL FROM IDAHO.

BY HENRY HEMPHILL.

Helix devia variety Clappi llcuqiliill.

Shell very much depressed; light horn-color; strise of growth

very fine with occasional coarser ones at irregular intervals on some

THE NAUTILUS. 75

of the specimens ; epidermis thin, a little brownish in color, and

appearing very minutely hirsute in some shades of light under a

strong pocket lens ; whorls about five, the last flatly convex not

descending at its termination, or very little in the largest specimens ;

spire depressed, very little elevated above the plane of the shell ;

suture distinct and well defined; aperture transversely lunar, a

little flattened beneath ; peristome reflected, moderately thickened,

with a faint, long lamellar basal deposit on its inner edge, sometimes

absent; parietal wall bearing a small white rather sharp-pointed

denticle just within the aperture and near the termination of the

upper lip, rarely absent; lower surface of the shell flatly convex,

with a deep broad umbilicus showing a portion of the penultimate

whorl.

Greater diam. of the largest specimen, 15, lesser 12 mm.

Greater diam. of the smallest specimen, 11, lesser 9 mm.

Height of the largest specimen, 5 mm.

Height of the smallest specimen, 3 mm.

Habitat, Salmon River Mts., Idaho.

This interesting form belongs to a large and very variable, but

closely related group of shells that has a wide geographical range,

some of its members inhabiting every state and territory of the

United States, and even passing beyond its limits. The west coast

forms of this group revolve around Helix devius Gld., as a common

centre, and radiate from it in every darection, greatly but gradually

diminishing in size, increasing, decreasing, diminishing and varying

in the number, size and form of the apertural denticles, and with

all the imtermediate stages of a brotid open, to a closely sealed

umbilicus. Our new variety differs from all the other known forms

of this group of shells, by the combination of its very depressed

spire, basal lamellar deposit, and its large umbilicus. Its nearest

ally is variety Blandi, from which it is separated by the basal

deposit and larger umbilicus.

I take much pleasure in dedicating this form to my young friend,

Mr. Geo. H. Clapp, of Pittsburg, Pa., an intelligent student and

enthusiastic collector of American land shells.

NOTES ON SLUGS.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL.

My esteemed friend, Mr. Pilsbry, in conjunction with Mr. Van-

atta, has favored us with the first part of a " Revision of North

76 THE NAUTILUS.

American Slugs," which is, in all respects, a most valuable and

timely production.

As might be supposed, the authors find it necessary to criticise

their predecessors in the study — just as, no doubt, their successors

will criticise them. But whatever criticism may be offered, it will

always be recognized that they put our slugs on a sounder basis than

before, supposing that they finish the work so well begun.

Nevertheless, if they are not careful, they are liable to be trou-

bled by the the shades of the departed ; and they have, in fact,

woke out of his malacological grave the present writer, who has a

few posthumous observations to make herewith.

Ariolimax californicus.

In Nov., 1889, Mr. H. F. Wickham sent me two examples of this

species, which he found at Los Gatos, California. I have before me

the drawings I then made of their internal anatomy, which agree

with those of Messrs. Pilsbry and Vanatta, except that the epiphal-

lus is less swollen and the retractor penis is not so broad. The epi-

phallus is clearly shown running to the end of the so-called "flagel-

lum " of the penis ; so that this point in the anatomy, which our

authors seem to think they were the first to observe, was known to

me long ago. Of course they could not be supposed to know any-

thing about an unpublished observation, but had they carefully

examined the literature, they would have read Simroth's statement :

" Herr Cockerell fand, nach brieflicher Mittheilung, dass em echtes

Flagellum nicht vorhanden ist, sondern dass das vas deferens sich

bis su dessen bliuden Ende verfolgen lasst." (Malak. Bl., N. F.,

XI, p. 114). They might also have observed fig. H, pi. V, of W.

G. Binney's 3d Suppt., which, though rather rough, is practically

correct. Binney himself says the vas deferens " enters the penis at

the end of the flagellum below the bulb," (Man. Amer. Land Shells,

p. 100), which cannot be considered far wrong. Simroth's figure in

Mai. Bl. is, however, unquestionably wrong as to this matter, sup-

posing that he had real californicus before him.

Our authors assume that californicus f. maculatus is really colum-

bianus, on the wholly insufficient grounds that they have never seen

spotted californicus. Yet they may be correct, as I never had a

spotted californicus I could dissect. My notes on the British Mu-

seum specimens are as follows :—

" Ariolimax californicus, from W. G. Binney. Big spot on mantle.

45 mm. long.

THE NAUTILUS. 77

"Ariolirnax coiumbian.u#, from W. G. Binney, 45 mm. long.

"Really, there is no external difference between these slugs! — at

least, nothing specific. Californicus is more keeled, and has a nar-

rower sole (sole lat. of cal. 11, of columb. 13 mm.). Sole of cofumb.

is unicolor grayish ochre, that of calif, has lateral tracts grayer ; both

are transversely wrinkled. Reticulations on body appear to me to

be the same. In color both are ocbreous, columb. has black mot-

tling on body (v. maculatus Ckll.) ; calif, has similar black marbling

on body, but mantle, instead of being unicolor, has a large black

spot, diam. 6 mm., over place of shell (v. maculatus, nov.). This

spot on mantle is in fig. of columb. mac. in Binney, PI. vi, f. A."

(Ckll. MSS.).

Ario Umax costaricensis.

Here again our authors must be convicted of hasty judgment.

They complain that there is nothing in the description to identify

the slug, except the locality ; but they overlook the peculiar oliva-

ceous color. British Museum slugs are not permitted to be dis-

sected, and I gave the best account of the creature I could under

the circumstances. It is to californicus much what Parmacella var.

olivacea is to P. inaculata, or Anademis schlagintweitito A.altivagus.

Whether it is a good species or only a color variety cannot at pres-

ent be determined, but at least it will be easily recognizable.

Prophysaon.

In their introductory remarks, our authors allude to the difficulty

of identifying West Coast slugs. I believe this difficulty is by no

means a serious one, if one is familiar with the literature, and will

exclude certain forms which are probably not distinct. The follow-

ing table may help to separate the recognized species of Prop hy-

saon : —

(1.) Epiphallus stout, sausage-shaped. A pale dorsal stripe.

a. Ochreous species, P. padficum (mcl./ai>w?/<).

b. Grayish species, .... P. andersoni (incl. hemphilli).

(2). Epiphallus banana-shaped, but tapering at the end. No pale

dorsal stripe, . . P. cceruleiim (Epiphallus rather slender,

flattish, tapering, somewhat curved. Shell 2 mm. long,

narrow, white, shiny).

(3). Epiphallus slender, gradually tapering to a point. Body with

a blackish dorsal band.

78 THE NAUTILUS.

a. Jaw ribbed, P. fasciatum.

b. Jaw only striate, ... P. humile. (Until more material

of humile is seen, it cannot be made sure that the jaw-character is a

specific one.)

My present opinion is that Pkenacarion must be merged in Pro-

physaon s. str.

In order to further elucidate some of the forms of Prophysaon, I

give below some of my notes, made years ago, but not published at

the time.

Prophysaon hemphilli W. G. Binney (as Phenacarion~).

This must not be confounded with P. hemphilli B. and B., which

I consider specifically identical with andersoni. I know little more

about it than may be gathered from Mr. Biuney's account. Mr.

Binney sent me one from near the mouth of the Chehalis River, and

I noted at the time: looks like type foli.olatus in alcohol. Sole pale

yellowish white. Edge of foot dark, with darker transverse lines.

Body bluish-gray, tapering ; mantle more brownish.

Prophysaon foliolatum (Arion foliolatus Old.).

Comparing this with P. hemphilli B. & B., I noted : — Sole white,

oblique transverse grooves visible. Transverse dark streaks on

edge of sole more strongly marked, alternating strong and weak

Body exactly the same color (in alcohol) as hemphilli B. & B. Pale

dorsal line very slightly indicated. Reticulations practically as in

hemphilli, but foliations more distinct. Mantle not so dark and

brownish-tinged ; bands represented by subcoalesced black marks ;

black spots scattered about. As I wrote in An. Mag. N. Hist., 1890,

" it is most difficult to separate P. foliolatum and Proph. hemphilli

(i. e. andersoni) specifically." An alcoholic example of hemphilli

differed from foliolatum as under—

Prophysaon hemphilli B. & B.

Sole slightly yellowish, only wrinkled transversely. Marks on

edge of sole quite similar, but not so well marked. Body purplish

mouse-color, i. e., gray with a lilac tinge. Mantle dark, with indis-

tinct " smoke colored band." Body tapering. No mucus pore. A

pale dorsal line is barely indicated just behind mantle to half length

of back. Slug 42 mm. long.

THE NAUTILUS. 79

Prophysaon andersoni (Cooper).

An alcoholic from Olympia was described thus: — Twenty four

mm. long. Sole yellowish-white. Oblique grooves as in foliolatus.

Markings on edge of sole as in hemphilli B. & B., but not so dark.

Body same color as hemphilli, but paler at sides ; in fact, white

above sole at sides. Reticulations as in hemphilli, showing out

lilac-gray on the whitish sides. Pale (rather brownish) dorsal line.

No indication of any keel. Body much less tapering than in

hemphilli. No mucus pore. Mantle smaller and more rounded at

ends than in hemphilli, decidedly brownish, its edges pale. There

are indistinct subdorsal bands on mantle. Ovotestis imbedded in

liver ; in fasciatum it is visible without moving liver.

A living P. andersoni from Haywards, California, sent by Dr.

Cooper, agreed with the above, but differed in its mantle, which was

not brown but grayish, heavily marbled with dark gray dorsally, so

as to appear almost uniform blackish, and at sides with dark gray

or blackish marbling showing out plain on the pale ground. The

surface of the mantle is beautifully beaded-granular. The pale dor-

sal line is brownish tinged, thus differing from the rest of the body.

The epiphallus of P. andersoni v. suffusa, from Chehalis, Wash.,

is very stout, shorter than that of typical andersoni.

Prophysaon humile.

A Coeur d'Alene example, compared with fasciatum, differs thus :—

Sole gray instead of yellowish. Transverse wrinkles not oblique.

Grooves on edge not dark. Reticulation practically the same.

Dorsal band on body much reduced. Ground color grayish.

Prophysaon fasciatum.

Specimens in alcohol were sometimes tinged with scarlet, but I

could not be sure whether this was natural or due to some acci-

dental staining.

In conclusion, I hope it will not be supposed that all the charac-

ters above given are believed by the writer to be specific. The pur-

pose is, simply to point out differences between the specimens which

have been differently named, without deciding how far those differ-

ences are specific. In my Check-List of Slugs, and elsewhere, I

have indicated my opinion about the species as such.

Mesilla, New Mexico, Sept. 15, 1896.

80 THE NAUTILUS.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa-

tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson.]

For the benefit of our new members I will say that while the

Popular Science A/ews is the official organ of the Agassiz Associa-

tion, THE NAUTILUS is the official organ of our Conchological

Chapter.

Please bear in mind the annual reports and dues are to be sent

in next month. This department is made up from the reports of

our members. Let us make this year's volume of Transactions the

best we have ever had.

The volume when last heard from had just been forwarded by

Mr. Hilles Smith to Mr. James H. Lemon, Toronto, Ontario. The

book has " gone the rounds " rather slowly this year.

COLLECTING DURING THE SUMMER OF '96.

[Extract from the report of Mr. H. Howe. From the Transactions of the Isaac Lea

Chapter for 1896].

During the summer months I collected around San Pedro and

Long Beech. A very pretty and rather rare shell is the Aetceon

pniictoccelatus Cpr., commonly called the "barrel shell." It may

be found alive during June, July and August, at the roots of the

eel-grass where it comes to breed. The eggs are almost microscopic

and are laid in coiled masses about one inch in length, which is

twice the size of the entire Mollusk shell and all. The Actceon

(also called Eidaxis) lives in deep water and can only be collected

during the breeding season.

In August I made a trip to Anaheim Landing in company with

a friend, also a collector. As the low tide occured at four o'clock

in the morning (and we live about ten miles away) we had to start

at two o'clock in the morning. On arriving at our collecting

ground we set to work and soon had excavated several fine

Glycimeris generosa and Sehizothcerus Nuttalli. These are about

the hardest shells to collect that I know of, for they live from two

to three feet down in the mud. In the soft clay we dug out some

fine Pholas pacifica and Zirphcea crispata, Bidla nebnlosa and Pecten

(iijidsulcatus, were very large and plentiful. At this place I found

my first live Nassa perpinguis. When hunting for the burrows of

THE NAUTILUS. 81

the Glycimeris, unless an expert, one is apt at the end of his search,

to be very much disgusted at finding instead of the desired rnollusks,

nothing but a "sea cucumber."

At San Pedro I secured a dozen or more living specimens of

Chrysodomus Kellettii, brought in from deep water by a fisherman,

and, collected on the mud-flats a few Trophon Belcheri and a large

Mactra Hemphillii.

In the pholas bed at San Pedro I found some large specimens of

Adula sty Una and Lithophagus plumula, three young Parapholas

Californica and a few specimens of Nettastomella Darwinii, a little

borer about three-fourths of an inch long and gaping widely at the

posterior end.

After a heavy tide at Long Beach one may collect occasional

specimens of Periploma planiuscula Sby., Clidiophora punctata and

odd valves of Raeta undulata and Yoldia Cooperi.

While on a camping trip this summer to Maliban Ranch, a

rocky strip of sea coast about twenty miles north of Santa Monica

I collected my first specimens of Lasea rubra. It is a tiny bivalve

about the size of a pin-head, and the smallest Pelecypod on this

coast. I found them on the byssus of Mytilus Californicus. On

the same rocks with, and feeding on the Mytilus I found a fine

series of Purpura saxicola the largest and most beautiful I have

seen. In color they varied from white and orange to jet black,

some striped, some plain, others smooth, and still often slightly

roughened. I think this is about the only place in Los Angeles

County where Purpuras are to be found. (Two or three collectors

have found Purpuras at Portuguese Bend, in Los Angeles County.

Purpura saxicola and Purpura lima var. emarginata, are syno-

nymous terms used for one of our Californica purpuras. The

shell figured in " West Coast Shells " as P. lima refers to another

shell— M. B. W.).

NOTES AND NEWS.

In L'Echange for June, 1897, p. 46, Mr. Locard establishes anew

genus Assiminopsis for the new A. abyssorum, from the Atlantic

south of Portugal in 1,205 metres depth. It is probably Rissoid.

M.Jules Mabille's "Observations sur le genre Bulla" in Bull.

Soc. Philomathique de Paris, 1895-96 (published in 1897), is prac-

82 THE NAUTILUS.

tically a monograph of the group, although there are numerous

omissions. B. ampulla is split into several species formerly (and

justly) regarded as varieties. B. vernicosa Gould is described as

new under the name "B. secunda." B. adamsi Mke., which has

already had several synonyms, figures as "B. subaitstralis sp. nov."

B. ditbiosa, habitat unknown, and B. delorti, Japan, are also de-

scribed as new. The first is certainly well named. In all 23 spe-

cies are mentioned, this number including several not entitled to

that rank. In the monograph published in Manual of Conchology,

1894, there are 32, not counting " bad " species.

In his "Contributions a la Connaissance des Mollusques Terrestres

el d'Eau Douce de Kameroun"1 Mr. Adolf d'Ailly has made a sub-

stantial addition to the rather meagre literature of west African

land shells. The shells described were collected by three Swedish

naturalists, Mr. P. Duzen and Drs. Y. Sjostedt and J. R. Jungner

The Cameroon fauna is rich in species of Ennea, 17 being enumer-

ated, 8 of them new. The Zonitoid genera Helicarion, Zonitarion,

Thapsia and Trochozonites are represented by numerous species

with many new forms. In the Achatinidce a new genus, Ganomi-

dos, is proposed for Achatina Shidtleicorthi Pfr. and A. Barriana

Sowb. The genus Petitia Jousseaume (of tautologic fame) is recog-

nized for Achatina pulchel'a Martens, of which Petitia Petitia Jouss.

and Ach. Smithi Sowb. are reckoned synonyms. Pseudachatina,

Perideris and Limicolaria are well represented. M. d'Ailly has in-

dependently arrived at the conclusion that the sculpture of the em-

bryonic shell is frequently a character of high value in the Pulmon-

ate snails. Five well-drawn lithographic plates illustrate the new

species described.

VALLONIA PARVULA AND PUPA HOLZINGERI. — In the October

NAUTILUS just received to-day I notice that Vallonia parvula

Sterki, is not given as occurring east of Illinois. In the summer

of 1891 I discovered this species on Put-in Bay Island, Lake Erie.

The specimens were submitted to Dr. Sterki, and determined by

him. Associated with it was Pupa Holzingeri Sterki, which is also

a Mississippi Valley form. The occurrence of these two species so

far east may be of interest to you. — BRYANT WALKER.

1 In Bihang till K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. Bd. 22.

THE NAUTILUS. 83

POLYGYRA PLICATA Say. Kentucky, Tennessee and the adja-

cent parts of Georgia and Alabama. Helix hazardi Bid. is syno-

nymous. The name plicata was not preoccupied in Polygyra, to

which genus Say originally referred this species.

POLYGYRA DORFEUILLIANA Lea. Washington to Cooke Coun-

ties, Texas, through Indian Territory, Ark., La. to the Coosa River,

Ala., north to Arkansas City, Kansas, Benton County, Mo., and

Kentucky opposite Cincinnati.

POLYGYRA DORFEUILLIANA SAMPSONI Wetherby. Texas, Indian

Terr., Mo., Ark.

POLYGYRA FASTIGIATA Say. Henry Co., Ky. to Montgomery

and Franklin Counties, Tenn. Helix fastigans Lucy Say in Bid., is

a synonym.

POLYGYRA JACKSONI (Bid.). Indian Territory, Ark., and Mo.

north to Camdeu Co.

POLYGYRA JACKSONI DELTOIDEA Simpson. Fort Gibson, Indian

Territory.

POLYGYRA TROOSTIANA Lea. Tennessee, Kentucky.

*f* *P *t-

POLYGYRA OPPILATA (Moric). Cedar Keys (Binney). A south-

ern Mexican and Yucatan species, the occurrence of which in Flor-

ida requires confirmation.

POLYGYRA MOOREANA (W. G. Binney). Central and southern

Texas.

POLYGYRA MOOREANA THOLUS (W. G. B.). Washington County,

Texas.

POLYGYRA BICRURIS (Pfr.). Brownsville and mouth of Rio

Grande River, Texas. A Mexican species.

POLYGYRA VENTROSULA (Pfr.). A species of northwestern Mex-

ico, reported from Texas by Binney.

POLYGYRA VENTROSULA HINDSI (Pfr.). Texas, according to

Binney.

POLYGYRA MATERMONTANA Pils. Texas; also Sierra Madre,

Mexico.

POLYGYRA TEXASIANA (Moric.). Indian Territory and through-

out Texas.

POLYGYRA TRIODONTOIDES (Bid.). Barry Co., Mo., Indian Ter-

ritory, southwestern Louisiana, south to Corpus Christi, Texas.

POLYGYRA LATISPIRA Pils. Western Texas.

POLYGYRA ARIADN^E (Pfr.). Texas, on the Rio Grande, accord-

ing to Biuney.

84 THE NAUTILUS.

POLYGYRA HIPPOCREPIS (Pfr.)- Near New Braunfels, Comal

Co., Texas.

POLYGYRA LEVETTEI (Bid.). New Mexico, Santa Fe Canyon,

near Santa Fe ; Arizona, near Tucson ; Fort Huachuca, Huachuca

Mts.

POLYGYRA LEVETTEI THOMSONIANA Ancey (var. orobcena Anc. is

probably not distinct).

POLYGYRA CHIRICAHUANA Dall. Arizona near Tucson, Fly

Park, Chiricaliua Mts.,Cochise Co., at 10,000 ft. alt.; New Mexico,

Jeniez Mts. near Bland, and at Jemez Sulphur Spring, 8-10,000 ft.

above the sea.

POLYGYRA ASHMUNI Dall. Bland, New Mexico.

POLYGYRA PSEUDODOJNTA Dall. White Oaks, New Mexico.

POLYGYRA RHYSSA DALL. White Mountains of New Mexico.

POLYGYRA MEARNSII Dall. Huachuca Mts., Arizona, and Ha-

chita Grande Mt., Grant Co., New Mexico, at 8,000 to 9,400 ft. alti-

tude. Also Filmore Canyon, Organ Mts.

Section Triodopsis Rafinesque.

POLYGYRA TRIDENTATA (Say). Canada to Michigan, south to

northern Alabama.

POLYGYRA TRIDENTATA JUXTIDENS Pils. Southern New York

to North Carolina and West Virginia.

POLYGYRA TRIDKNTATA EDENTILABRIS Pils. Cumberland Mts.

POLYGYRA TRIDENTATA COMPLANATA Pils. Burnside, Ky.

POLYGYRA FRAUDULENTA Pils. (Helix fallax of authors, not Say).

Ontario, Canada, to Michigan and Illinois, south to Georgia.

POLYGYRA FALLAX (Say). (Helix introferens Bid.). Eastern

Pennsylvania and New Jersey from Philadelphia southward to Fan-

ning Co., Ga. ; Holston Valley, Tenn.; W. Va.

POLYGYRA FALLAX OBSOLETA Pils. Newbern, N. C.

POLYGYRA HOPETONENSIS (Shuttl.). Newbern, N. C. to Georgia

Sea Is. and Mayport, Fla., west to Cedar Keys, Fla.

POLYGYRA VANNOSTRANDI (Bid.). Aiken, S. C.; Augusta, Ga. ;

Jacksonville, Fla.

POLYGYRA VULTUOSA (Gld.). Eastern Texas and Indian Terr.,

north to Pettis Co., Mo.

POLYGYRA, VULTUOSA HENRIETTA (Mazyck). Angelina, Lee

and Robertson Counties, Texas.

POLYGYKA VULTUOSA coPEi Weth. Hardiu Co., eastern Texas,

Calcasieu Parish, La.

POLYGYRA VULTUOSA CRAGINI (Call). Neosha and Bourbon

Counties, Kansas ; Eureka Springs, Ark. ; Wood Co., Texas.

(To be Continued.}

THE NAUTILUS.

iVoi.. XL

DECEMBER, 1897.

No. 8.

NEW WEST AMERICAN SHELLS.

BY W. H. BALL.

Sigaretus Oldroydii Ball, n. *i>.

Shell large, thin, naticoid, with a short spire and 3-4 inflated

whorls ; color pale brown, livid on the spire, fading to waxen on

the base ; surface sculptured with extremely fine wavy spiral strise ;

aperture ample, oblique, the outer lip thin, a little patulous, the

body covered with a thin callus, the pillar lip obliquely cut away,

wide near the junction with the body, the basal part of the margin

receding ; umbilicus large, pervious, its walls covered with a thin,

silky, brown wrinkled epidermis. Alt. 35, diam. 37 mm.

A single specimen in deep water off Catalina Id., Gala., collected

by Mr. and Mrs. T. S. Oldroyd.

This species is easily distinguished from any other recorded, by

its very thin shell, naticoid form and wide pervious umbilicus.

Pecten Palmeri Dall, n. sp.

Shell thin, orbicular, compressed, equilateral, white to yellowish-

brown, with concentric or zig-zag narrow bauds or flecks of dark

rose color; 15 strong ribs rounded in the young, mesially keeled

'and longitudinally threaded in the adult, separated by narrower

channelled interspaces, each with a mesial thread ; all crossed by

lamellose, concentric, rather sparsely distributed elevated lines; sub-

margins and ears closely radially threaded with imbricated threads.

Both valves similarly sculptured ; alt. 47.5, lat. 53, diameter about

20 mm.

86 THE NAUTILUS.

A number of valves collected near the head of the Gulf of Cala.

by Dr. E. Palmer some years ago.

Pecten Randolph! Dall, n. sp.

Shell small, thin, glassy, unsculptured, except by minute "camp-

tonectes " striation which covers both valves, and more or less ob-

scure concentric undulations which are most distinct on the right

valve near the umbo, and in some specimens altogether absent;

hinge straight and short, anterior ears distinct, posterior ears not

defined by any fold or sinus, outline suborbicular, valves com-

pressed, especially the right one; right anterior ear with six small

imbricated radii above, below a wide, transversely striated fasciole

derived from a well marked byssal sinus ; ctenolium with four or five

functional spines. Alt. 27'5, lat. 26, diam. 5 mm.

Off Destruction Island, State of Washington, in 516 fathoms,

bottom temperature, 38° Fahr., U. S. Fish Commission.

This species was obtained at a number of stations, from Bering

Sea to West Mexico, in 225 to 1005 fathoms. It is named in honor

of Mr. P. B. Randolph, of Seattle, who has done excellent work on

the Puget Sound fauna.

Pecten Davidson! Ball, n. sp.

Shell small, suborbicular, compressed, waxen white, the left valve

with 21 rounded ribs, surmounted by (when not worn off) continu-

ous rows of minute subglobular scales, the interspaces wider, flat and

perfectly smooth, ears very small, the anterior with five or six im-

bricated radii; sculpture obsolete near the umbones ; right valve

sculptured with faint concentric impressed lines over the whole sur-

face, and distally with numerous minute, obsolete, fine, scaly riblets;

posterior ear transversely striated, very small, anterior one with four

or five scaly radii, a well marked sinus leaving an imbricated fas-

ciole and no ctenolium. Interior polished, the left valve fluted

internally in harmony with the external ribs. Alt. 14, lat. 14,

diam. 3'5 mm.

On the Davidson Bank, Alaska, in 280 fathoms, green mud, and

north of Unalashka, in Bering Sea, in 351 fathoms, sand ; U. S.

Fish Commission.

This little shell resembles somewhat P. (Propeamusiuni) alasken-

sis Dall, externally, but wants the radiating lirse internally, is

smaller, and has faint radiating sculpture on the right valve, which

is wanting in P. alaskensis.

THE NAUTILUS. 87

NOTE ON TWO SPECIES OF HELICINA.

BY C. F. ANCEY.

1. Helicina Rabei Pils., recently described in the NAUTILUS from

specimens collected by Dr. Rabe, must be the same as the previously

described H. rufocallosa Anc., based on the examples long ago dis-

tributed by Dr. J. D. E. Schmeltz, of the Museum Godeffroy, under

the erroneous name of H. Fischeriana1 Montr, (which may be iden-

tical with " H. Picheriana " of Paetel's Catalogue). The species is

from Peleliu, Pelew Islands, and the color is very variable. The

type specimen is grayish with a red basal callosity, but I have, since

I published H. rufocallosa, procured other specimens having differ-

ent shades of coloring.

2. Helicina Funcki Pfeiffer, originally described from New

Granada (Fuuck), is also found at Greytown, Nicaragua. It has

also been detected on Monkey Hill, near Colon, Isthmus of Pan-

ama, by Mr. Aillaud. The size of the two specimens collected in

the latter spot is different, one of them being considerably smaller

and tinged with pink-red on the last whorl.

OXYCHONA UNMASKED.

BY H. A. PILSBRY.

Those who have interested themselves in South American land

shells will recall the group Oxychona of Morch, containing a few

acutely keeled, trochus-shaped Brazilian species, the best known of

which is Helix bifasciata Burrow.

In Costa Rica and southern and eastern Mexico there are some

similar Helices which had been placed in Geotrochus, Corasia, etc.,

but which the present writer in 18892 transferred to Oxychona.

This disposition also commended itself to von Martens, who in

1893,2 adopts the same view. In my " Guide to the Study of Heli-

ces," 1894, no doubt was expressed regarding the alliance of the

1 The true Fischeriana is a larger shell, allied to rufocallosa ( = JRabei) and

is probably confined to the islands near eastern New Guinea.

2 Man. Conch. (2), v, p. 128.

8 Biol. Centr. Americana, Moll., p. 152.

'LI*«ARY>(

00 THE NAUTILUS.

Brazilian and Mexican species, and by the kindness of Professor

Gwatkin, of Cambridge, England, who supplied a mounted prepa-

ration, I was enabled to figure the jaw and teeth of Helix bifasci-

ata, the type of Oxychona, and up to this time, the only species of

the group to be dissected. At that time I called attention to the

resemblance in dentition between Oxychona, Papuina, Polymita and

other arboreal Helices, ending with an allusion to the teeth of

Otostomus (now known as Drymceus aurisleporis). Recently while

studying the aurisleporis group of Bulimi, I was again struck with

the extreme resemblance of their radulse to that of Oxychona. Now,

since my former examination of Oxychona, the study of Bulimulid

groups has been revolutionized by the discovery of extremely char-

acteristic generic and subgeneric characters in the sculpture of the

nepionic shell, as the part formed within the egg is called ; so that

1 at once examined the apex of the Oxychona. The lens revealed in

H. bifasciata and the other Brazilian species, the minutely " grated "

sculpture of Drymceus ! This combination of the very characteristic

and peculiar nepionic sculpture of Drymceus* with the equally char-

acteristic dentition, conclusively show that Oxychona is a Drymceus

masquerading as a Helix. The Central American and Mexican

species referred to Oxychona have smooth apices, very different from

the Brazilian group. There can be little doubt that these are true

Helicidre ; and as they must now be cut adrift from Oxychona, I

propose to reinstate for their reception the group name Leptarionta

Crosse & Fischer, based upon Helix bicincta Pfr. This will stand as

a genus, and may still be left in my group Belogona euadenia (dart

bearers with true glands), next to Lysinoe, until more is known of

the soft parts. At least one of the species, L. trigonostoma, is known

to have a serrate keel on the tail like Lysinoe.

Figures of the apices of Oxychona and its Bulimulid allies may

be found in the current volume of the Manual of Conchology. The

evidence supplied by Semper, Hedley and myself that true Helices

often appear disguised as Bulimi, now finds its counterpart in the

Bulimulidce, in such Helicoid species as Bulimulus eremothauma

Pils., and that worst cheat of all, Drymceus (Oxychona) bifasciatns

Burrow.

4 Drymxus includes not only the Aurisleporis group and the flaring lipped

Bulimuli like serperastus, but also "Bulimulus" dormani and multilineatus

among Floridian species, either of which, if unworn, will show the apical

sculpture alluded to under a sufficiently strong lens. See NAUTILUS, IX p. 114.

THE NAUTILUS. 89

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa-

tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson.]

A number of good reports have been promised. The volume of

Transactions has been forwarded by Mrs. Mary P. Olney to Mrs.

Drake, who will forward it to Mrs. King at Napa, Gala. By that

time all our members will have received it.

In the November NAUTILUS Mr. Herbert Lowe's name appeared

as "Howe" in the article on "Collecting During the Summer of

'96."

The following nominations have been made for the officers of the

Chapter for 1898: for President, Prof. Josiah Keep; for General

Secretary, Dr. Wm. S. Strode.

Dr. William Healey Dall has named a new shell collected in

Alaskan waters Crenella Leuna, in honor of Dr. Isaac Lea, for

whom our Chapter was named. The shell, a little bivalve, is de-

scribed in a Bulletin issued by the Natural History Society of

British Columbia, entitled "Notice of Some New or Interesting Spe-

cies of Shells from British Columbia and the Adjacent Region," by

William Healey Dall, Hon. Curator Dept, of Mollusks, U. S.

National Museum. The Bulletin contains 18 pages, 2 plates, with

38 figures, and an index to all species mentioned in the text. Of

the 30 species figured in this pamphlet, 27 are Dr. DalPs species,

23 are new species and 4 have been described by him but not fig-

ured in THE NAUTILUS. Leda taphria Dall, known on the West

Coast as L. ccelata Hinds (non Conrad) is figured. — The October

NAUTILUS for 1896, contains a note on this species. — The genus

Malletia is for " the first time recorded from the northwest coast of

America."

MORNING TIDES.

[From the report of Mrs. M. L- Beck. From the Transactions of the Isaac Chapter

for 1896].

One bright day in June I was told we were to go collecting the

next day at San Pedro, and as the tide would be low at half past

three in the morning, we would have to go to the beach the evening

before and stay all night at the cabin on the island. * AVe

ate supper, and while two of us got things ready for the night, the

90 THE NAUTILUS.

rest went out on the breakwater to admire the scene. The high tide

O

by moonlight was exquisitely beautiful.

At three o'clock, after having breakfasted, we started out to col-

lect while the moon was still shining brightly on the water. The

tide was so low it seemed to me we could have walked over to San

Pedro. Mrs. O. and I lingered back of the other collectors, and

soon she picked up a Ranella californica Hds., a fine specimen which

now has a corner in my cabinet. How I did wish I could find one.

I poked around with my trowel and suddenly I struck a lump ; pick-

ing it up, it proved to be a perfect specimen of Pleurotoma carpen-

teriana Gabb, four and a quarter inches long. As I was afterward

told, the only live one found in the bay. After returning to the

cabin we put it in water, and when disturbed it exuded a purple

fluid.

We walked to Dead Man's Island and found a number of Actceon

punctoccelatus Cpr. in the pools, Marginella Jewettii Cpr., Phasia-

nella compta Gld. clinging to the sea grass on the rocks ; plenty of

Fissurella volcano, Chlorostoma aureotinctum and Littorina planaxis

all along the breakwater. On our way back to the cabin we col-

lected Haminea virescens Sby., Sulla nebulosa Gld., Comis califor-

nicus Hds. and Nassa tegula Rve. We also brought home a good

many Chione, from which we made delicious soup.

In July we went to Alamitos Bay, five miles from Long Beach ;

it was another fine low tide. This time seven of us went in a wagon

at four o'clock in the morning. We found Crudbulum spinosum

Sby. on oyster shells, Cerithidia californica and Melampus olivaceus

crawling up the grass stalks near the edge of the water, CEdalia

subdiaphana, Angulus variegatus, Liocardium substriatum and Donax

flexuoms living as it seemed in harmony together, also Amiantis cal-

losa Conr., Tapes staminea Conr., Olivella bcctica Cpr., and many

other shells.

NOTES AND NEWS.

MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF FRESHWATER LAKES IN CENTRAL

CELEBES. — Herru P. and F. Sarasin direct attention to the re-

markable molluscs which live in the large and deep inland lakes of

Celebes. The forms they were able to capture point to the existence

of a fauna perhaps as interesting as that of the Lake of Baikal.

THE NAUTILUS. 91

The authors begin with the new Gasteropod Miratesta celebensis,

for the reception of which it seems necessary to establish not only a

new genus, but a new family (Miratestidse). The structure, which

is briefly described, shows a combination of characters distinctive of

various families. The animal is nearest the freshwater Pulmonates,

especially the Limnceidae, as is suggested by the Planorbis-l\ke

structure of the radula, the nervous system without chiastoneury,

the hermaphroditism, and the absence of an operculum. But any

very close affinity is impossible, as is shown by the large gills, the

very peculiar pouched feelers, and the structure of the shell. Dis-

tant relations may, perhaps, be found in the so-called Tbalassophilse

(Amphibola and 8iphonaria). In any case, the family is phylo-

genetically old, near the base of the freshwater Pulmonates.

Bulletin 142 U. S. Geol. Survey, 1896, contains a valuable paper

upon the geology and paleontology of northwestern Louisiana by

T. Wayland Vaughan. A number of new mollusks from Lower

Claiborne and Jackson stages of the Eocene are described and fig-

ured.

Mr. Charles Schuchert has given a very useful " Synopsis of

American Fossil Brachiopoda, including Bibliography and Syn-

onymy " in Bull. No. 87, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1897. The geological

distribution, terminology, biological development and classification

are discussed, and a valuable chapter contributed by Prof. Charles

E. Beecher treats of the morphology of the brachia, a subject which

in Beecher's hands has assumed great importance as an index of

phylogeny and rank.

Mr. Felix Bernard has given a very thorough account of the

anatomy of Chlamydoconcha Orcutti Ball, in Annales Sciences

Naturelles (zool.), iv, 1896, pp. 221-252, with 2 plates.

A NEW PLICATE UNIO.

BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT.

Unio Walkeri sp. nov.

Shell solid, ovate, inflated at the umbos, rough, plicate-nodulose

on posterior slope and indistinctly so anterior to the umbonal ridge ;

gradually fading out near the centre of the disk. Umbonal ridge

uniformly rounded below and sharply angulate above. Epidermis

nearly black ; transmitted light showing a light-colored texture.

Very faintly marked anterior to the umbonal angle with broad,

widely separated, interrupted rays. Posterior margin bluntly

rounded or somewhat disposed to biangulation, uniformly rounded

before, dorsum arcuate, base nearly straight or emarginate, cavity

uniform, moderate and scarcely extending under the dorsal plate.

Teeth solid, single in the right and double in the left valve. Ante-

rior cicatrices barely distinct. Thinner behind, showing the plica-

92 THE NAUTILUS.

tions through. Nacre livid or bright pink. Width 2 in. length 1

in. diam. | in.

Habitat: Suwannee River, Madison Co., Florida.

Remarks : A large series of this peculiar shell shows considerable

variation in strength of, and area covered by the plications, sharp-

ness of the umbonal ridge and color of nacre. It cannot, however,

be mistaken for any other species. Its natural place is between

Unio subtentus Say and Unio penicillatm Lea. We name it in

honor of our esteemed conchologist Mr. Bryant Walker of Detroit,

Mich.

POLYGYRA FERRISSI n. sp.

BY H. A. PILSBRY.

Shell resembling Polygyra dentifera Binn. in size and general

form. Imperforate, thin, glossy, last two whorls of a very bright

chestnut color, becoming light green on the earlier whorls. Spire

very low, convex. Whorls 41, all rather convex, the first, minutely

rugose, granulate, following whorls of the spire slowly widening

arcuately striate and sparsely granulate, the granules oblong,

generally upon the strise ; last whorls rapidly widening, a trifle

constricted behind the peristome, very little descending in front,

sculptured with fine, rather low strise of growth and very fine, sub-

obsolete close spiral impressed lines; base very little impressed at

the center. Sutures well impressed throughout. Aperture oblique,

wide-orescentic ; peristome white, shading through pink to a broad

purple band at the margin, very broad and flatly reflexed, appressed

over and closing the umbilicus; parietal wall with a transparent

film between the lips, and bearing a small oblique tooth nearer to

the termination of the outer than to that of the basal lip.

Alt. 13, greatest diam. 21-5, least 18 mm.

Alt. 11, greatest diam. 20, least 16'5 mm.

Klingman's Dome and Mirey Ridge, Great Smoky Mountains

(between Tenn. and N. C.).

Mr. Jas. H. Ferris found this very beautiful Helix during his

summer journey in the Great Smoky range this year, with the

banded form of Polygyra Andrewsce, a very dark, unicolored form

of the same, P. Clarkii of extraordinary size, and other interesting

snails.

P. Ferrissi is intermediate between several very distinct Helices.

It has the convex green and granulate inner whorls of P. sub-

palliata Pils., the fragile substance and flat, wide lip of P. dentifera

Binn., and the sculpture of the last whorl somewhat like P. appressa

perigrapta Pils.

The combination of these characters, together with the deep, rich

reddish chestnut color of the body-whorl, emphatically negative a

reference of the specimens to any of these species. The half-grown

shell, 14 mm. diam., has an umbilicus 1 mm. wide and is very

obsoletely angular at the periphery.

THE NAUTILUS. 93

96. POLYGYRA RUGELI (Shuttl.). Wythe Co., Va., south to

Columbus, Ga., and west to Clinton, Ark.

97. POLYGYRA INFLECTA (Say). Pennsylvania west of the Al-

legheny Mts., west to Illinois, south to Sea Islands of Georgia, Ala-

bama, Mississippi and Indian Territory.

98. POLYGYRA EDENTATA (Sampson). Boston Mts., Washington

and Crawford Counties, Arkansas (Triodopsis edentula W. G. Bin-

ney is the same).

*i^ 'T' *t*

99. POLYGYRA DEVIA (Gld.). Vancouver Is. and Puget Sound

region south to 46° N". Lat.

99a. POLYGYRA DEVIA HEMPHILLI (W. G. B.). Kingston and

Old Mission, Idaho ; Spokane, Wash, (synonyms are Helix binomi-

nata Try on, H. mullani var. olneyce Pilsbry).

99b. POLYGYRA DEVIA MULLANI (Bid. & Coop.). Near Coeur

d'Alene Mission, Coeur d'Alene Mts., Idaho ; west side of Bitter

Root Mts., Wash.

99c. POLYGYRA DEVIA HARFORDIANA (W. G. B.). Salmon

River, Idaho (H. salmonensisTryon and H. eommutanda Ancey are

synonyms).

99d. POLYGYRA DEVIA CLAPPI (Hemph.). Salmon River, Idaho.

99e. POLYGYRA DEVIA BLANDI (Hemph.). Salmon River, and

Post Falls, Idaho.

99f. POLYGYRA DEVIA OREGONENSIS (Hemph.). Eastern Ore-

gon.

100. POLYGYRA SANBURNI (W. G. B.). Kingston and Old Mis-

sion, Idaho.

101. POLYGYRA COLUMBIANA (Lea). Sitka to Santa Cruz, Cal.

lOla. POLYGYRA COLUMBIANA LABIOSA (Gld.). Coeur d'AlSne

Mts., Idaho ; Deer Lodge Valley, Montana.

102. POLYGYRA ARMIGERA (Ancey). San Francisco, Cal., to

Vernon, B. C.

103. POLYGYRA ROPERI Pilsbry. Redding, Shasta Co., Califor-

nia.

104. POLYGYRA LORICATA (Gld.). Eldorado to Fresno Co. west

to Sonoma Co.

* * *

105. POLYGYRA PROFUNDA (Say). Western New York to Min-

nesota and Wyandotte Co., Kansas, south to Lee Co., Va., and

Vicksburg, Miss. ; not east of the Allegheny Mts. in Pennsylvania

and Maryland.

94 THE NAUTILUS.

106. POLYGYRA SAYII (Binn.) Quebec, Ont., northern Maine

and Mich., south to Great Smoky Mts., N. C.

106a. POLYGYRA SAYII CHILHOWEENSIS (Lewis). Mountains of

east Tennessee and western North Carolina.

107. POLYGYRA KIOWAENSIS (Simpson). Kiowa Station, Lime-

stone Gap and near Eufaula, Indian Territory.

107a. POLYGYRA KIOWAENSIS ARKANSAENSIS Pils., near Hot

Springs, Ark.

108. POLYGYRA TOWNSENDIANA (Lea). Del Norte Co., Cal., to

Seattle, Wash.

108a. POLYGYRA TOWNSENDIANA PTYCHOPHORA (Brown). Deer

Lodge, Montana, west through northern Idaho to Spokane, Wash.,

and in northern Oregon west to the Dalles. There is a color form,

castanea Hernph.

* * *

109. POLYGYRA ALBOLABRIS (Say). Canada to Kansas, Arkan-

sas and Georgia. The form dentata Walker occurs in Michigan,

etc.

109a. POLYGYRA ALBOLABRIS ALLENI Wetherby. Arkansas.

109b. POLYGYRA ALBOLABRIS MARITIMA Pils. New Jersey

shore. Var. traversensis Leach ms. from Michigan is scarcely dis-

tinguishable.

109c. POLYGYRA ALBOLABRIS MAJOR (Binn.) Northern Ala-

bama and eastern Tennessee to North Carolina and Macon, Ga.

110. POLYGYRA EXOLETA (Binn.). Western New York and

Pennsylvania to Illinois and Missouri, south to Virginia, Georgia

and Alabama.

111. POLYGYRA MULTILINEATA (Say). Western New York to

Minnesota and Iowa ; Wyandotte, Ks.

112. POLYGYRA DIVESTA (Gld.). Vernon Co., Miss., to Indian

Terr. ; Louisiana, Arkansas and Barry, Jasper and Dade Counties,

Mo.

113. POLYGYRA ROEMERI (Pfr.). Central Texas, Fort Worth to

Bexar Co.

114. POLYGYRA WETHERBYI (Bid.) Whitly and Pulaski Co.,

Ky., and Roane County, Tenn.

115. POLYGYRA DENTIFERA (Binn.). Province of Quebec, Can-

ada, southwest to Swaim Co.,N.C.

116. POLYGYRA FERRISSII Pilsbry. Mirey Ridge and Klingman's

Dome, Great Smoky Mts.

THE NAUTILUS. 95

117. POLYGYRA SUBPALLIATA Pils. Roan Mt. region to Cran-

berry, N. C.

118. POLYGYRA PALLIATA (Say). Ontario to Michigan, south to

Georgia and Louisiana.

119. POLYGYRA OBSTRICTA (Say). Ohio and Indiana south to

northwestern Georgia and Batesville, Ark.

119a. POLYGYRA OBSTRICTA CAROLINENSIS (Lea). South Caro-

lina ; northern Alabama, and adjacent parts of Tennessee and

Georgia.

119b. POLYGYRA SARGENTIANA (Johnson & Pilsbry). Near

Woodville, Alabama. Helix sargenti J. & P., not Bid., is a syno-

nym.

119c. POLYGYRA APPRESSA (Say). Western Pennsylvania and

Scott Co., Virginia, west through Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Mis-

souri, south to Arkansas and Kentucky.

119d. POLYGYRA APPRESSA PERIGRAPTA Pils. Tennessee and

adjacent parts of bounding States N., E. and S.

* * *

120. POLYGYRA ELEVATA (Say). Western New York to Wis-

consin, south to northwestern Georgia and Missouri ; Wyandotte,

Kansas. The form with a brown band has been called /. cinda

Taylor. Chattanooga and Knoxville, Tennessee.

121. POLYGYRA CLARKII (Lea). Cherokee and Clay Counties,

N. C., E. Tennessee, N. W. Georgia.

122. POLYGYRA PENNSYLVANIA (Green). Western Pennsylva-

nia to Illinois, S. to Monroe Co., Virginia, and Tennessee.

>i< * *

123. POLYGYRA ANDREWS^: (W. G. Binn.). Roan and Great

Smoky Mts., Tenn., Habersham Co.. N.-E. Ga., and Bibb Co.,

Central Ga.

124. POLYGYRA THYROIDES (Say). Canada to Minnesota, south

to St. Simons I., Ga., and Texas.

124a. POLYGYRA THYROIDES PULCHELLA Ckll. Toronto, Can-

ada.

124b. POLYGYRA THYROIDES BUCCULENTA (Gld.). Louisiana

and Texas. Hardly recognizable as a variety.

125. POLYGYRA CLAUSA (Say). Western Pennsylvania to

Minnesota, south to Wyandotte, Kansas, Jackson Co., Ala., and

Sea Islands of Georgia.

126. POLYGYRA WHEATLEYI (Bid.). Mountains of western N.

C. ; Habersham Co., Ga.

96 THE NAUTILUS.

127. POLYGYRA CHRISTYI (Bid.). Mountains of Cherokee, Swain

and Rutherford Counties, N. C.

128. POLYGYRA MITCHELLIANA (Lea). Western Pennsylvania,

Ohio and Kentucky, Monroe Co., Va., and Cherokee Co., N. C.

129. POLYGYRA DOWNIEANA (Bid.). Whitley Co., Ky. ; eastern

half of Tennessee.

130. POLYGYRA LAW.E (Lewis). Hayesville, Clay Co., N. C. ;

Monroe Co., Tenn.; Houston, Hall and Habersham Counties, Ga.

130a, POLYGYRA LAW^E TALLULAHENSIS Pils. Tallulah Falls,

Georgia.

131. POLYGYRA MOBILIANA (Lea). Mississippi to Baldwin,

Florida, along the Gulf.

132. POLYGYRA JEJUNA (Say). Savannah, Ga., S. to Indian

River and No Name Key ; west to Pensacola, Florida.

Section Stenotrema Rafinesque.

133. POLYGYRA SPINOSA (Lea). Eastern Tennessee, N. Ala-

bama, and northwest Georgia.

134. POLYGYRA LABROSA (Bid.). Northern Alabama, Arkan-

sas, southern Missouri.

135. POLYGYRA EDGARIANA (Lea). Mountains of Tennessee

and Alabama.

136. POLYGYRA EDWARDSI (Bid.). Fayette or Greenbrier

County, W. Va., Laurel, Whitley and Pulaski Counties, Ky.

137. POLYGYRA BARBIGERA (Redf.). Habersham and Hall

Counties, Ga. ; Cherokee Co., N. C., also Alabama.

138. POLYGYRA STENOTREMA (Fer.). Henry Co., 111. to Vir-

ginia, south to Georgia, southwest to Indian Territory.

138a. POLYGYRA STENOTREMA SUBGLOBOSA PiJs. Woodville,

Alabama.

138b. POLYGYRA STENOTREMA DEPILATA Pils. Thunderhead

Mt. ; near Nashville, Bellevue and Johnson City, Tenn.

139. POLYGYRA HIRSUTA (Say). Canada to Minnesota, south to

Wyandotte, Kansas, and Jackson Co., Ala. (also reported from near

Guaymas, northwestern Mexico).

139a. POLYGYRA HIRSUTA ALTISPIRA Pils. Magnetic City,

Roan Mountain, and Black Mountains, N. C.

140. POLYGYRA MAXILLATA (Gld.). Mountains of Tennessee,

Alabama and Georgia (near Columbus).

141. POLYGYRA MONODON (Rack). Canada to Minnesota, south

to North Carolina and San Antonio, Texas.

( To be continued.)

THE NAUTILUS.

VOL. XI. JANUARY, 1898. No. 9.

SOME NEW EOCENE FOSSILS FROM ALABAMA.

BY T. H. ALDRICH.

Anomia navicelloides n. sp.

Shell thin, pearly, with lines of growth on the outer surface ot

the superior valve, very nacreous and shining within, the upper

valve having a distinct heak, not marginal. Surface bearing traces

of broad radial color bands; interior showing three cicatrices, the

larger one with semicircular lines and fine striatious crossing them.

Breadth of superior valve 13 mm., width 23 mm.

Locality. — Near Choctaw Corner, Ala., Wood's Bluff horizon.

Has very much the appearance of a Navicella, which has suggested

the name. Only the upper valve so far discovered.

Odontostomia matthewsensis n. sp.

Shell small, medium thickness, smooth, whorl six, spire rather

blunt, suture impressed ; aperture rather narrow, with one strong

fold on the columella, also partly reflected and rather pointed at

base.

Length 3* mm., width 1 mm.

Locality. — Matthews Lauding, Alabama.

Cancellaria annosa n. sp.

Shell small, spire obtuse, whorls four, shouldered, strongly can-

cellated, nodular at junction of lines, the revolving line below the

suture more strongly nodular than the others ; outer lip expanded,

nodular within ; columella with two folds.

Height 2J mm., breadth 1J mm.

98 THE NAUTILUS.

Locality. — Matthews Lauding, Alabama Rv.. Alabama. While

the type specimen is a young shell, yet the characters are very dis-

tinct from any other species known.

Cancellaria graciloides n. sp.

Shell broadly fusiform, spire elevated, whorls 6-7, rounded,

slightly shouldered, cancellated, first three smooth, on the others

the revolving lines are numerous, strongly defined ; lines of growth

smaller and much finer than the revolving lines, suture deeply im-

pressed, outer lip expanded, strongly nodular within, columella with

three folds, aperture pointed and canaliculate at base.

Height 12 mm., width 7 mm.

Locality. — Gregg's Landing, Alabama Rv., Alabama.

Cancellaria graciloides var. bella n. var.

Characterized by strong, rounded varices, as many as three on

the body whorl. Shell is smaller than the type.

Height 10 mm., width 6 mm.

Locality. — Gregg's Landing, Alabama Rv., Ala.

A PROPOSED CENSUS OF MICHIGAN MOLLUSCA.

BY BRYANT WALKER.

At the Annual Meeting of the Michigan Academy of Science in

December, 1895, a suggestion was made that the conchologists of

the State should form a " Section of Couchology " for the purpose

of united work in that department.

A circular of inquiry elicited such favorable responses, that in the

spring of the following year a temporary organization was effected

with a membership of fourteen as noticed in the NAUTILUS for

April, 1896. At the present time the membership includes every

active collector in the State so far as known. Practical work being

the object of the Section, it was decided, as a preliminary step to the

complete knowledge of the fauna of the State, to undertake the com-

pilation of all the known localities for every species known, or sup-

posed to belong to it. A form of blank was prepared for distribu-

tion upon which the individual reports should be made, and another

upon which these reports should be tabulated. A special map of

the State has also been printed showing the principal river and

lake systems upon which it is proposed to spread these tabulated

THE NAUTILUS. 99

results, and thus form a permanent record, which should show at a

glance all that was known of the distribution of every species belong-

ing to the State. These maps it was believed would be of value in

studying the various questions which might arise in regard to (he

present distribution of the fauna and the means by which it has

been brought about. Up to the present time there have been filed

twelve reports, which include all the private collections of the State

and nearly all the public museums. The collection of the Univer-

sity of Michigan is now being worked over and arranged by Mr. H.

E. Sargent, and the report from the Kent Scientific Institute of

Grand Rapids is expected during the coming winter. As soon as

these are received, the Section will be in possession of all existing

data to be obtained from State sources in regard to the extent and

distribution of the molluscan fauna.

These reports aggregate more than 4,500 entries, and include

nearly every species that has ever been quoted from Michigan.

It is proposed also that every member of the Section shall

annually file a supplemental report containing such additional in-

formation as he can supply. In this way it is expected that the

records of the Section will be continually kept up to date, and at all

times afford the collectors of the State and others interested in the

subject, not only a correct statement of what is actually known of

the State fauna, but also indicate in what sections of the State field

work should be done and what species require further investigation.

The value of this work has already been demonstrated by a series

of charts which have recently been completed showing the distribu-

tion of the Unionidce. Some of the results deduced from them were

quite unexpected, and are believed to be of great value in deter-

mining the manner in which geological and geographical factors

have influenced the present range of many of the species. This will

be made the subject of a special report to the Academy at its An-

nual Meeting.

It has been suggested that there are undoubtedly in the cabinets

of many of the readers of the NAUTILUS interesting material from

Michigan, a record of which would be a valuable addition to the

data now in the possession of the Section. In all probability a large

amount of collecting has been done in the State at one time or

another by those who were not residents, and whose collections are

not represented in any of the reports thus far received. It is very

desirable that every possible source of information should be made

100 THE NAUTILUS.

available for the work in progress, and the members of the Section

will be very grateful for any assistance they may receive from their

brethren of other States.

In behalf of the Section of Conchology, I would therefore earn-

estly request that all collectors, who have any Michigan shells in

their collections, would furnish a list of the species and localities,

which may be filed for permanent record. Blanks will be gladly

furnished for that purpose to any one who will address the writer

at 18 Moffat Building, Detroit, Michigan.

ON A NEW SPECIES OF VITREA FROM MARYLAND.

BY WM. H. BALL.

The land shell fauna of the north-eastern U. S. has been so-

thoroughly searched, and by so many collectors, that we do not ex-

pect the addition to it of good and valid new species, unless among

the minuter forms like Vallonia. However, as if to prove that

hope may spring eternal in the conchological breast, a new species

with undoubtedly distinct characteristics has come to hand from

Maryland.

Vitrea Raderi n. sp.

Shell depressed, four-whorled, smooth except for faint rather reg-

ularly spaced incremental lines above, of a pale waxen whitish

color ; spire hardly raised above the last whorl, which is much the

largest; periphery evenly rounded, suture appressed, base moder-

ately rounded, the umbilical slope of the last whorl somewhat flat-

tish ; umbilicus very wide, exhibiting all the volutions; aperture

wider than high, the upper margin slightly in advance of the lower

lip, the two connected by a thin wash of callus over the body. Alt.

1'5, max. diam. 41), min. diam. 3'0 mm.

Received from Prof. Howard Shriver, as collected at Cumber-

land, Md., in the summer of 1897 ; a single specimen.

The nearest relative of this species is Zonites wheatleyi Bland,

which is a larger shell with higher spire, more rounded whorls and

a much smaller and more steep sided umbilicus. It may be men-

tioned that the figure of Vitrea wheatleyi in Binney, Bull. 28, U. S.

Nat. Mus., is inaccurate in representing the umbilicus as wider than

it really is in that species. The large form of Z. wheatleyi referred

THE NAUTILUS. 101

to by Binney (p. 222) as collected by Hemphill at Clingmaii's

Peak, North Carolina, is doubtfully identical with Eland's type,

and should take the varietal name of V. clmgmani, which may

eventually prove of specific rank.

The present species is named in honor of Mr. Rader, an interested

student of the land shells of Cumberland, at the request of Prof.

Shriver. The type is in the National Museum.

A NEW UNDULATE UNIO FROM ALABAMA.

BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT.

Unio triumphans sp. nov.

Shell sub-triangular, with an elevated wing which is connate at

its point, coarsely and interruptedly undulate over the entire disk,

except on the extreme anterior and superior parts where pustula-

tions and Iterations replace them. Disk gradually and uniformly

flattened out to the margins from the highest point near its centre :

the indistinct umbonal ridge dividing the disk area into two nearly

equal parts. Substance of the shell moderately thick ; thicker be-

fore. Epidermis dead black. Greatest diameter in the center of

the shell. Dorsal notch very long and deep. Cavity of the beaks

deep. Posterior cicatrices confluent ; anterior ones distinct. Lat-

eral teeth short and distant from the cardinals which are depressed.

Nacre dull white in front and a bright coppery tinge behind, and

very iridescent. Width 4 inches, length 5 inches, diameter 2

inches.

Habitat, Coosa River, St. Clair Co., Alabama.

Type in National Museum.

Remarks : For several years we have had old specimens of this

shell and could not place them satisfactorily with any known form.

In a recent collection of one thousand shells from this vicinity we

found twenty specimens of all ages which at once made its novelty

appparent.

The natural place we assign the species is between U. boykmianiis

Lea and U. multiplicatus Lea, and it also possesses characters of U.

undulatus Barnes. Compared with the first, our shell is more

winged and therefore more triangular in outline ; the ridges are

fewer, not so prominent and more broken, like Unio widulatus

102 THE NAUTILUS.

Barnes, and the umbonal ridge is not as well defined ; the laterals

are shorter and the shell is more transverse; the undulations cross

the umbonal elevation instead of running parallel with it and the

beaks are less prominent. Compared with U. multiplicatus Lea our

shell is subtriangular in outline instead of trapezoidal, always more

winged and shorter, and the laterals are also shorter ; the pos-

terior slope is more gradual and the umboues are not flattened, and

are more depressed than in that species, the highest point being

nearly in the centre of the disk where there is quite a prominence;

the cardinals are more depressed and the pustulations extend more

generally over the anterior portion.

In old specimens the sculpture diminishes almost to smoothness

except in the superior parts, the umbonal elevation becomes obsolete

and the shell is more elongated. Twenty specimens of all ages

have been compared with specimens of corresponding ages of all the

allied species, and comparisons with the type forms in the National

Museum have been made through the kindness of Mr. Charles T.

Simpson.

MODIOLA PLICATULA LAMARCK— AN EXTINCT LOCALITY.

BY R. E. C. S.

Fifty years ago, more or less, that part of the city of Boston

which includes the Public Garden aud the grand array of fine

avenues and streets that reach out east and west, north and south,

and form what is locally known as the Back-Bay Section, was a

portion of a larger territory, some six hundred acres, of wet and dry

marsh and mud flats, that extended from Charles Street at the foot

of " Boston Common," to Roxbury. A considerable portion of

this region was inhabited by a peacefully disposed and quiet com-

munity. In numbers this community, certainly if counted, would

have made a bigger showing than the census of human bipeds that

constituted the population of Boston at that time. Though numer-

ous, they were not influential and had no social status among the

best people of " Modern Athens."

This may have been owing to the fact that their ancestors did not

come over in the Mayflower, or later with Winthrop and Salton-

stall. No, they were here, or their forefathers were, long before the

advent of the " Pilgrim Fathers ; " they had an older claim, prior-

THE NAUTILUS. 103

ity of settlement and occupancy, than any white man. Their title

was aboriginal, and they were and had been, from time immemorial,

permanent residents " to the manner born." Whether their lack of

social position was due to the fact that they did not recognize the

merits of "baked beans and brown bread," " cod-fish balls " and

" pumpkin pie," etc., as gastronomic delicacies, or were unable to sing

" pennyroyal hymns" through their noses — having no noses to sing

through — can only be surmised, as they were not given to gossip or

backbiting, but always maintained a discreet and dignified silence.

While they were the only permanent residents, they often had tran-

sient visitors. Various salt-water birds frequented the region at

certain times in the year. Yellow-legs, doe birds, curlew, teal duck

and other species were pretty certain to make a short visit when-

ever a " northeaster" was brewing.

The locality now known as Copley Square, with its impressive

buildings, Trinity Church, the Art Museum and the new " Old

South," was good hunting ground in those days. Most people, in-

cluding many credulous or unsophisticated Bostoniaus, honestly

regard these church edifices as erected for religious purposes, and

think, too, that the " Museum of Fine Arts," of which they are very

proud, is intended to foster and encourage the work of painters and

sculptors. No one will deny such persons the right of opinion, even

if it does rest upon a hallucination ; on the other hand a fellow may

be pardoned who sees in these " places of worship " simply funeral

monuments sacred to the memory of the thousands of harmless

mollusks, 'Modiola plicatula, that were buried alive in a so-called

Christian city in the nineteenth century, with no one to say a word

in their behalf. And the Art Building ! What of that? It may

be regarded as commemorative of the fact that the spot whereon it

stands was good hunting ground in days long since gone by, and

that hereabout my father (of blessed memory) and myself often-

times successfully pursued ornithology for gastronomic purposes.

In course of time, it is highly probable, suitable tablets will be

placed in front of the principal buildings bearing the following in-

scription :—

" The region hereabout was formerly inhabited by a branch of

the great aboriginal family MODIOLA. The members of the local

tribe, PLICATULA, were peaceful in their lives, simple in their

habits, never told lies, never talked back to old people, and

their fate without a murmur.

"Keep their memory green."

104 THE NAUTILUS.

ISAAC LEA DEPAKTMENT.

[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa-

tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson.]

As the annual election of officers for 1898 is not held until the

last Wednesday in December, the results of the election will not be

published this mouth. Next month the newly-elected General

Secretary will have charge of this department.

RECORD OF A LOST YEAR.

[Extract from the report of Mrs. M. T. B. From the Transactions of the Isaac Lea

Chapter for 1896].

This year I have found no shells new to my collection, but have

learned more about some of the old ones. Comts calif ornicus, which

I found at Newport, Cal., last year in the mud bottom of the bay, I

find among the rocks, clinging to the sea weeds. These last are

bright and shining, while those from the bay have an epidermis.

A learned friend, to whom I refer all my difficulties, thinks the

epidermis is worn off by the action of the water and rocks. But I

found them in a deep cut in the rocks, where the high tide covered

and the low tide left them — a very sheltered place. We are not

credited with two species on our California coast, yet I find two

which differ in color and size — one is brown, mottled with lighter

spots, the other is plain, paler in color, and reaches double the size

of the spotted one. The operculum of Con us is the merest excuse,

just a thread, and not half the length of the aperture.

Under the same rocks I found Leptothyra, with rough, limy sur-

face, but with such exquisite opercirli, shelly white, with a spiral

line in brown. And then there were the pretty little Corbula lute-

ola and Carditamera subquadrata, the last place I should have

looked for bivalves.

I have become interested somewhat in sea-slugs, and have tried

to make water-color drawings of some of them, as I know of no

way to preserve them without destroying their color.

Two rare shells have come under my observation during the year,

both from Newport, and both were Trophons. Pet-ten hastatus,

which is called a northern species, is occasionally found here also,

and, though I have seen but few of the northern shells, those 1 have

seen are not nearly so brilliant as those from Newport Beach.

THE NAUTILUS. 105

141 a. POLYGYRA MONODON FRATERNA (Say). Pennsylvania to

Texas.

141b. POLYGYRA MONODON ALICL/E Pils. Calcasieu Parish, S.-

W. Louisiana.

141c. POLYGYRA MONODON CINCTA Lewis. Hayesville, N. C.

142. POLYGYRA LEAI (Ward). Ohio and Michigan to Minne-

sota, south to Nashville, Tennessee, and Neosho Co., Kansas.

143. POLYGYRA GERMANA (Gld.). Astoria, Oregon, to Van-

couver Island.

Genus POLYGYRELLA Binney, 1863.

144. POLYGYRELLA POLYGYRELLA (Bid. & Coop.). Coeur

d'Alene Mts., Idaho. A variety montanensls Ancey is described

from Deer Lodge Valley, Montana.

145. POLYGYRELLA HARFORDIANA (Coop.V Fresno Co., Cali-

fornia, in the " Big Tree " District, 6500 feet above the sea.

Subgenus Ammonitella Cooper, 1869.

146. POLYGYRELLA YATESI (Coop.). Calaveras Co., California,

at Murphy's and Cave City.

Subfamily Sagdinse (vel Teleophallogona).1

Genus THYSANOPHORA Strebcl & Pfeffer, 1880.

147. THYSANOPHORA INCRUSTATA (Poey). Corpus Christi, Gal-

veston and Hidalgo, Texas. Also Cuba.

148. THYSANOPHORA HORNII (Gabb). Fort Grant, Arizona;

summit of Hachita Grande Mt., Grant Co., New Mexico ; also

Yaqui River, Mexico.

149. THYSANOPHORA VORTEX (Pfr.). Marco, near Cape Sable,

and Key West, Florida. Also Bermuda and West Indies.

150. THYSANOPHORA INGERSOLLI (Bid.). Colorado, at high

altitudes: San Juan, Custer and Mesa Counties ; Fly Park, Arizona.

150a. THYSANOPHORA INGERSOLLI CONVEXIOR (Aucey). Logan

Canyon, Utah ; Weston, eastern Oregon.

151. THYSANOPHORA PLAGIOPTYCHA GRANUM (Streb.). Archer,

Alachua Co., Evans' plantation, Rogers River, and vicinity of

Lake Worth, Florida. Also eastern Mexico and Yucatan, and

typical plagioptycha from Porto Rico.

1 This subfamily should have preceded the Polygyrinss.

106 THE NAUTILUS.

152. THYSANOPHORA DIOSCORICOLA C^CA (Guppy). Lake

Worth to St. Augustine in eastern, and near Hillsborough River in

western Florida; Hidalgo, Texas. Also Trinidad, and typical

dioscoricola from Jamaica.

Family BULIMULID^J.

Genus BULIMULTJS Leach, 1815.

Subgenus Orthotomium Crosse & Fischer.

153. BULIMULUS DEALBATUS (Say). Southern North Carolina,

west to Kentucky, Central Missouri and Kansas; south to Ala-

bama and the Rio Grande.

153a. BULIMULUS DEALBATUS RAGSDALEI Pils. Texas: Cook

and Montague Co. on the Red River, and at Comstock, etc., on the

Rio Grande.

153b. BULIMULUS DEALBATUS MOOREANUS (Pfr.). Texas; mainly

from Fort Worth to De Witt and Uvalde Counties. [This is the

shell generally known as " B. schiedeanus " in American collections].

153c. BULIMULUS DEALBATUS SCHIEDEANUS (Pfr.). Western

Texas ; mainly Mexican, Texas specimens being still rare in col-

lections.

154. BULIMULUS ALTERNATUS MARINE (Alb.). Texas: two or

three tiers of counties north of the Rio Grande, from Corpus Christi

to Frio and Valverde Counties. The typical altematus has not yet

been found north of the Rio Grande.

Genus DRYM^US Albers, 1850.

155. DRYM^EUS SERPERASTRUM (Say). A Mexican species, said

to occur also north of the Rio Grande in Texas.

156. DRYM,EUS DORMANT (W. G. Binn.). St. Johns River Val-

ley and east coast ; also West Florida, south to Caloosahatchee

River.

156a. DRYM^US DORMANI ALBIDA Wright. Eastern Fla.

157. DRYMJCUS MARIELINUS (Poey). S. Florida; Upper Mata-

cumba Key, N. to Micco on the east coast.

158. DRYM^EUS FLORID ANUS (Pfr.). Florida.

159. DRYM.EUS HEMPHILLI (Wright). East Florida, between

Mosquito Lagoon and the Atlantic ; Lake Helen, Volusia Co.

THE NAUTILUS. 107

Section Mesembrinus Albers.

160. DRYM^EUS MULTILINEATUS (Say). Key West, Bahia Hon-

da Key and Lower Matacuraba Key, and north to Marco on the

west coast of Florida ; also Venezuela.

Genus ORTHALICUS Beck, 1837.

161. ORTHALICUS UNDATUS (Brug.). Key West to the neigh-

borhood of Bay Biscayne, Florida ; also West Indies, Jamaica, etc.

162. ORTHALICUS MELANOCHEILUS FLORIDENSIS Pils. Florida,

near Cape Sable ; Pavilion Key.

Genus LIGUTJS Montfort, 1810.

163. LIGUUS FASCIATUS (Muller). Southern Florida ; Key

West, Lignum Vitfe and Grassy Keys, to Key Biscayne ; on the

Gulf Coast from Cape Sable to Goodland Point, near Marco. There

are numerous color varieties.

Family UROCOPTID^ Pilsbry.

Genus UROCOPTIS Beck, 1837.

Section Cochlodinella Pils. & Van., J898.

164. UROCOPTIS POEYANA (Orb.). Key West and adjacent keys;

Miami Country, Florida.

165. UROCOPTIS JEJUNA (Gld.). Near mouth of Miami River,

Florida.

Genus MACROCERAMUS Guilding, 1828.

Section Microceramus Pils. & Van., 1898.

166. MACROCERAMUS PONTIFICUS (Gld.). Key West to Key

Biscayue, and northward to Tampa, Florida.

167. MACROCERAMUS FLORIDANUS Pilsbry. Sarasota Bay and

Goodland Pt., Florida (= M. Gossei of authors part, not of Pfr.).

168. MACROCERAMUS TEXANUS Pilsbry. New Braunfels, Texas

(— M. gossei auct. part, not of Pfr.).

Genus HOLOSPIRA Von Martens, 1860.

Section Holospira s. s.

169. HOLOSPIRA GOLDFUSSI (Mke.). Texas, on the Blanco and

at New Braunfels, Comal Co.

108 THE NAUTILUS.

Section Haplostemma Dall.

170. HOLOSPIRA MEARNSII Dall. Top of Hachita Grande Mt.,

Grant Co., New Mexico.

171. HOLOSPIRA HAMILTONI Dall. Rio Grande Mts., Brewster

Co., Texas, 3,500 ft. elevation.

172. HOLOSPIRA COCKERELLI Dall. Debris of Rio Grande

River a,t Mesilla, New Mexico.

Section Eudistemma Dall.

173. HOLOSPIRA ARIZONENSIS Stearns. Dos Cabezas, Arizona.

Section Distomospira Dall.

174. HOLOSPIRA BILAMELLATA Dall. Hachita Grande Mt.,

New Mexico.

Subgenus Metastoma Strebel & Pfeffer.

175. HOLOSPIRA ROEMERI (Pfr.). New Braunfels, Comal Co.,

Texas.

176. HOLOSPIRA CROSSEI Dall. Top of Hachita Grande Mt.,

Grant Co., New Mexico.

177. HOLOSPIRA PASONIS Dall. Mule Canyon, El Paso Co.,

Texas, 4,000 ft. alt.

178. HOLOSPIRA PILSBRYI Dall. Arizona or New Mexico, ex-

act locality unknown. State of Puebla, Mexico.

Genus CERION (Bolt.) Moreh, 1852.

179. CERION INCANUM (Binn.). Florida Keys and mainland at

Cape Florida. (A specimen of the Cuban C. mumiola has been

found at Tortugas, but probably it was accidentally imported in

some manner. No indigenous land shells are known from the

Tortugas.)

Family PTJPIDJE.

Genus STROBILOPS Pilsbry, 1892.

(==Strobila Morse, 1864, not of Sars, 1835, Acalepha, nor of

Sod., 1837, Lepidoptera, nor Strobilus Anton, 1839, Mollusca).

180. STROBILOPS LABYRINTHICA (Say). Most of the eastern

U. S., southwest to Texas.

180a. STROBILOPS LABYRINTHICA STREBELI (Pfr.). Jackson

Co., Ala. ; Northern Florida ; Eastern Mexico.

(To be continued.)

THE NAUTILUS.

VOL. XI. FEBRUARY, 1898. No. 10.

UNIO (LAMPSILIS) AMPHICHJENUS, N. Sp.

BY LORRAINE S. FRIER8ON.

Shell large, oblong oval, thin, slightly inflated, gaping for one-

Lalf its length at the anterior and basal part, and at the upper part

of the posterior end, and covered with a shining, black or brownish

epidermis which is decidedly wrinkled in places ; growth lines

strong and irregular ; beaks but slightly prominent ; hinge line

evenly curved ; hinge teeth but feebly developed, there being a

single, compressed, rather sharp cardinal in the left valve of the

young shell which becomes blurred and shows a tendency to split

up in the older shells, and two rather short, faint laterals, the inner

of which is the stronger ; these being placed at the extreme poste-

rior end of the hinge plate, with one cardinal, and sometimes a

faint one above it, and a single, compressed, short lateral in the

right valve ; laterals ending abruptly at the posterior end, with the

inner edges slightly curved upwards ; area between the teeth nar-

row and rounded ; muscle scars distinct, and quite deep for so thin

a shell ; posterior retractor scar completely united with the adduc-

tor, dorsal scars to the number of five or six extending in a row from

the cavity of the beaks just behind their greatest projection towards

the anterior base; pallial line showing a tendency to break up into

several lines, and distinct traces of a posterior sinus ; nacre clouded,

varying from deep violet to bluish and white.

Length 106, height 63, diam. 36 ram.

Habitat, Sabine River at Logansport, Louisiana.

110 THE NAUTILUS.

This is one of the most distinct and remarkable Unios in the

United States. In its general structure, the hinge characters, the

row of dorsal cicatrices, the incipient pallial sinus, and the gaping

shell it shows relationship with Unio temiissimus, and its nacre is

something like that of this species, but the female shell is consider-

ably swollen in the post-basal region, and it reminds one a little of

a short, compressed, female Unio rectus. The posterior opening,

however, is its most remarkable character, commencing about mid-

way up the end of the shell, and extending nearly to the ends of the

laterals. This gap ends abruptly above, and less so below ; the

edges of the shell are reflected outwards, and considerably larnel-

lated, and in old shells the remains of former reflected apertures

may be seen. The opening in a fully adult shell is about one-tourth

of an inch wide and one and one-fourth inch in length, and is as

distinct as that of Schizothcerus nuttalli of the west coast of the

United States, and occupies about the same relative position that it

does in this marine bivalve. It may possibly group with Unio ten-

uissimus, but it is quite likely that it will have to be made the type

of a new group, related to that species, to the alatus and tampicoen-

sis groups.

I desire to thank Mr. Chas. T. Simpson for the valuable aid given

in the preparation of the above description and remarks.

NOTES ON QUEBEC PUPID.ZE AND OTHER SHELLS.

BY A. W. HANHAM, WINNIPEG, MAN.

My Quebec Pupidce have just been looked over and separated for

me by Dr. V. Sterki, to whom I am under many obligations for

this labor of love. As a result my list of species, as far as these

small things are concerned, requires some corrections and additions.

The following are the species taken, instead of as recorded on

page 101, of the last volume of THE NAUTILUS :—

Pupa armifera Say. As already recorded.

Pupa pentodon Say. As already recorded.

Sphijradium edentulum Drap. Not uncommon ; Isle d'Orleans

and St. Joseph's de Levis.

Vertigo ovata Say. As already recorded.

VOL. XI.

PLATE I.

UNIO AMPHICH/ENUS FRIERSON.

THE NAUTILUS. Ill

Vertigo gonldii Biun. The most abundant species taken. Com-

mon on mossy rocks at St. Joseph's and St. Romauld's (this species

was confounded with bollesiana).

Vertigo ventricosa Morse. Nearly as common as gouldii, and

taken at St. Joseph's and St. Romauld's, as well as on the Island.

Vertigo curvidens Gould. As already recorded.

Vertigo mi Hum Gould. Very rare.

Vertigo pygmcva Drap. Single example.

Vertigo tridentata Wolf. Single example.

A noticeable absentee from the above list is Pupa contraeta, which

however no doubt occurs in the Province.

Carycliium exiguum Say. As already recorded.

Carychium exile Ad. One example.

Polygyra leai Ward. Referring to the valuable catalogue of

North American land shells now appearing in THE NAUTILUS, I am

glad to see that this shell has been recognized as a distinct species,

for such I have always considered it. The species extends into Can-

ada. In the spring of 1891, at Brantford, Ontario, in drift along the

Grand River, I noticed plenty of dead shells, but never came across

any living ones until October. On the 9th and 10th of that mouth,

shortly before leaving for Quebec, I got over 200 specimens from a

small corner of swampy land — overgrown with reeds and bushes —

adjoining a sluggish stream. Zonites ligerus was in even greater

abundance. Besides these species (rare in Canada) were taken :

Selenites concava, Vitrina limpida, several small species of Zonites,

Papa contraeta, Succinea avara and ovalis, and a very handsome

small form of S. obliqua, Pomatiopsis lapidaria, etc. A richer spot

could hardly have been found. From a steep bank not far back from

the stream, I got a number of pairs of Polygyra monodon, but no

P. leai, and I did not find the former species with P. leai down be-

low. The chief object of this note is to show the Canadian record.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW UNIO.

BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT.

TJ. reclusus sp. nov.

Shell ovate-triangular, smooth, polished above, nearly equilateral,

somewhat inflated. Substance of the shell moderate and quite uni-

form in thickness. Epidermis finely striate, rayless, brownish, with

112 THE NAUTILUS.

two or three distant growth lines. Beaks prominent and surrounded

by four or five coarse, sharp, widely separated irregular undulations.

Ligament reddish, short, thin and scarcely elevated above the dor-

sum. Dorsal margin slightly elevated ; anterior margin gracefully

rounded, base uniformly and slightly curved ; posterior margin

pointed. Posterior area abrupt with two slightly raised lines formed

of irregular elevations from beak to margin. Umbos gracefully and

uniformly rounded ; greatest diameter in the centre of the disk.

Nacre sky-blue throughout, sometimes darker within the pallial

line. Beak cavities slight and abrupt. Cicatrices well impressed,

smooth and distinct. Cardinals solid, prominent, double in the left

valve and single in the right valve, laterals double in the left valve

and disposed to be double or tripartite in the right valve and joined

to the posterior cardinal by a distinct elevation of the dorsal plate.

Width If in., length 1 in., diam. I in.

Habitat : Ocklocknee River, Leon County, Florida.

Type in National Museum.

Remarks: — This anomalous little shell was taken with U.klein-

ianus Lea, lienosus Con., kirklandianus Wright and floridensis Lea.

It does not seem to group well with any known species, though the

the beak sculpture indicates a relationship with U. forbesianus Lea.

In some respects it reminds one of U. macrodon Lea, but it is more

inflated, not as solid usually, darker in epidermis, rayless, with deeper

beak and shell cavities. The lateral teeth are longer, higher and

end more abruptly, besides being double or tripartite in the right

valve. The very young show slight traces of broad, distant rays.

It certainly groups with U. forbesianus Lea, but is easily distin-

guished from the young of that species by its want of rays, lighter

epidermis, rounded base, rounded umbonal angle, flattened umbos

and it is smoother on the posterior area.

NEW PISIDIA.

BY DR. V. STERKI.

Pis. singleyi n. sp.

Mussel small, rather high, somewhat oblique, ventricose, beaks

prominent, also in the young, rounded but narrow on top, slightly

posterior, vertical section broadly heart-shaped ; superior margin

moderately curved, rather short, scutellum slightly, scutum well

THE NAUTILUS. 113

marked; anterior part somewhat angular with the end rounded;

posterior end rounded or slightly truncate, inferior margin regu-

larly curved ; shell thin, translucent, colorless to pale horn ; sur-

face very finely, almost regularly striated, somewhat shining; inte-

rior surface with fine but well marked, crowded pit?, visible from

the outside; hinge rather fine, plate narrow, cardinal teeth rather

short but high, lamellar, the right one almost straight and longitu-

dinal in its anterior part, thickened in the posterior and curved

downward beyond the level of the plate ; those of the left valve

little curved, the inferior somewhat the larger and projecting down-

ward over the edge of the hinge plate ; lateral teeth rather small

and thin, pointed in the middle and rathor abrupt, in the right valve

the anterior much the largest, slightly-projecting inward.

Long. 2-5, alt. 2-3, diam. T7 mill. (Texas).

Long. 3-3, alt. 2'8, diam. 2'4 mill. (Mexico).

Habitat : Texas, Mexico.

In shape, color and striation, it has some resemblance with P.

punctatum, but the latter is much smaller, its surface is microscopi-

cally rugulose, dull, and the hinge comparatively stouter.

It was first seen in drift materials from the Guadaloupe River,

Comal Co., Texas, collected and kindly sent by Mr. J. A. Singley

in 1892, represented by a fair number of specimens in all stages of

growth. Then in drift from the same river, sent by Mr. Wm. A.

Marsh, a few young specimens. Another lot from the Guadaloupe

River is in the U. S. National Museum (No. 134,010, Gurley), and

under the same head must be ranged one from Itzlan Creek, Gua-

daljara, Mexico, (No. 102,215). Of the largest specimen of them

the dimensions are given above. The species is named in honor of

Mr. J. A. Singley.

Pis. splendidulum n. sp.

Mussel small, well inflated, rather ovoid in outline, scutum and

scutellum rather well marked, the former often prominent ; beaks

slightly posterior, somewhat prominent, moderately large, rounded ;

color pale to deep horn, surface polished, with very fine, somewhat

irregular stria?; shell thin, transparent; hinge rather fine but well

formed, plate narrow ; cardinal teeth longitudinal, lamellar, the

right one rather long, slightly curved, most so at both ends, more

or less thickened at the posterior end, and often with a groove ; the

two in the valve nearly equal, parallel, little curved, the superior is

anterior for about one-third of its length ; lateral teeth compara-

114 THE NAUTILUS.

tively strong, all projecting into the interior of the mussel, pointed ;

ligament rather long.

Long. 2-8, alt. 2'4, diam. 17 mill.

Hab. : Maine, Virginia, Michigan.

At Caribou, Aroostook Co., Me., mainly in the Barren Brook,

Mr. Ol. O. Nylander collected, and sent me for examination in dif-

ferent lots, more than three thousand specimens. Mr. H. W.

Wiukley collected some near Saco, Me., and in Mr. J. B. Hender-

son's collection are a few lots from Old Orchard, Me. Mr. L. H.

Streng sent in different lots aboutl200 specimens collected nearGrand

Rapids, Michigan ; and the writer has found it rather common in

the Potomac River at Washington, D. C., as well as in different

runs and ditches in Virginia near the National Capital.

Our species cannot be mistaken for any other Pisidium. In shape

it has some resemblance with P. abditum and politum ; but its small

size, the color and transparency of the shell, the shape of the cardi-

nal teeth, will readily distinguish it. In size, color and transpar-

ency of the shell, and the polished surface, it resembles P. ventrico-

sum and vesicalare ; but both the latter are much more inflated,

their beaks are quite posterior and larger. It is, however, rather

variable in size and coloration, and the striatiou of the surface.

(To be concluded^).

ELWOOD PLEAS.

It is with sincere regret that we record the death of our old friend

and correspondent, Mr. Elwood Pleas, of Dunreith, Henry Co.,

Indiana, which occurred on December 31, 1897. He was born May

4, 1831, and the greater portion of his life was spent in Henry

County. For a number of years he was Editor of "The Newcas-

tle Courier" and the old files of this and other papers bear ample

evidence of his earnest ability as an editor. His most interesting

articles were those pertaining to his favorite study, Natural His-

tory. Mr. Pleas was well known to many readers of THE NAUTI-

LUS, his principal contribution being " Shells of Henry Co., Indi-

ana," (Vol. VII, page 65). In this article he recorded 123 species

and varieties of land and fresh water shells found by him within a

radius of five miles from his home.

THE NAUTILUS. 115

Iii »THE NAUTILUS (Vol. V, page 2), Mr. Wm. A. Marsh de-

scribed two new Unios collected by him, of one of which, U. Pleasii

Mr. Marsh says : " I name this shell after my friend, Mr. Elwood

Pleas, of Indiana, who collected this species with many other rare

shells in the interior of Arkansas."

Mr. Pleas also collected extensively through Alabama and west-

ern Florida. Being interested in geology he availed himself of the

opportunity while in Alabama of securing a large collection of

Eocene fossils. Mineralogy, botany and entomology also received

-a share of his attention, and in his death nature has lost a sincere

lover, and science an earnest supporter. — C. W. J.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA : GENERA Iphidea AND Yorkia, WITH

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES of each, and of the Genus Acro-

thele, by Charles D. Walcott, (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIX, 1897).

Iphidea is a genus of small brachiopods belonging to the Neotre-

mata of Beecher, possibly with characters that nearly place it in the

Protremata. The species, of which 14 are known, range from the

lowest known Lower Cambrian horizon to the upper portion of the

Middle Cambrian. Five new species are described. Yorkia is a

new genus of inarticulate brachiopods based upon a new species, Y.

Wanneri, from the Lower Cambrian near York, Penna. Two new

forms of Acrothele are also described.

DIE GEHAUSESCHNECKEN DBS GALBERGES UND KRAHNBERGES

BEI GOTHA, von L. Schmidt, (Gratis-Beiblatt, zu den " Gothaer

Neuesten Nachrichten," Oct. 1, 1897). A list of 38 species of land

snails making substantial additions to the Thiiringian mollusk fauna,

the literature of which has been scant. The slugs have been omit-

ted. Among the rarer species Azeca menkeana may be mentioned.

There 24 Helices, including the Zouitidse, all of them widely dis-

tributed species.

A STUDY OF THE FAMILY Pedinidce, with a revision of the gen-

era and subgenera, by A. E. Verrill, (Trans. Conn. Acad., X, 1897).

The most elaborate study yet made upon the system of this family is

the subject of Professor Yen-ill's paper. The earlier fossil groups

are not fully considered. In the Cretaceous nearly all existing

generic and sectional groups had appeared, and probably none has

116 THE NAUTILUS.

been evolved since the Eocene. All of the larger forms have very

numerous marginal tentacles on the mantle, corresponding somewhat

to the external sculpture of the shell in position, and there is also a

second inner row of "guard tentacles" on a raised inner pallial

fold. The marginal tentacles are accompanied by a series of well

formed pallial eyes, very lustrous when living, arid having a crys-

talline lens. These are also arranged according to the ribs of the

shell. In some of the deep sea forms there are but few eyes, and in

some cases they are not pigmented. Pectens, as is well known, are

good swimmers, although the very inequivalve typical forms are

rather sedentary. This probably enables them to escape the attacks

of crabs, fishes, etc., as well as boring gastropods, for it is certainly

true that bored Pectens are rarely seen.

The nomenclature is thoroughly sifted, and the genera and sub-

genera characterized, 27 being recognized, of which 8 are new.

The subdivision seems rather minute to one accustomed to the old

order of things, but has doubtless been well considered. Of the

genera, PECTEN restricted, scarcely occurs on our coasts. AMU-

SIUM is represented by a couple of deep sea form?, but the Oriental

species is a well known shell. The subgenus Propeamusium contains

small species such as Dall's alaskensis. CHLAMYS, type islandicus,

is well represented, C. irradians, disloeatus, etc., belonging here to

the subgenus sEquipecten. Lis#opecten is a new subgenus proposed

for C. hyalinus Poli, and Leptopecten another for C. monotimeris of

California. Placopecten is proposed for P. cl'mtonins Say, also as a

subgenus of Chlamys. LYROPECTEN contains L. nodosus, subnodo-

sus, etc. PECTINELLA is a new genus for P. sigsbei Dall of the

West Indies in deep water. CYCLOPECTEN is a new genus for P.

pustulosus Ver. and many other small species, mostly of deep water.

Hyalopecten, n. gen., type P. undatus Ver., contains small forms pos-

sibly related to the fossil genus Syncyclonema. PARAMUSIUM, type

P. Dalli Smith, is another new genus.

Several new forms are described, with useful notes on others,

among which we may mention with approval the rejection of Gme-

lin's misleading name magellanicus for the well known New Eng-

land species. Verrill calls it Chlamys (Placopecten) clintonius Say.

A very useful analytical key to the genera is given, and six well

drawn plates illustrate important structural features and unfigured

species.

THE NAUTILUS. 117

181. STROBILOPS VIRGO (Pils.). Canada to Northern Alabama

and west to Minnesota and Kansas.

182. STROBILOPS AFFINIS Pils. New York, Ohio, etc.

183. STROBILOPS HUBBARDI (Brown). Calhouu Co., Texas;

Savannah, Ga. ; Eastern and Northern Florida. Also Jamaica.

Genus LEUCOCHEILA Martens.

184. LEUCOCHEILA FALLAX (Say). Prov. Ontario, Canada, to

Florida, and west to Minnesota, Texas and Arizona.

185. LEUCOCHEILA MODICA (Old.). St. Simon's Island, Ga. to

Florida ; west to Cedar Keys and Ala.

Genus BIFIDARIA Sterki, 1891.

Section Albinula Sterki.

186. BIFIDARIA ARMIFERA Say. Ontario and Quebec, Canada,

and nearly the whole U. S. east of the Rocky Mts.

187. BIFIDARIA CONTRACTA Say. Ontario, Canada, and the

whole U. S. east of the Rocky Mts. ; eastern Mexico.

188. BIFIDARIA HOLZINGERI Sterki. St. Cloud, Minn., Iowa,

S. to AVichita, Kansas and Juliet, Will Co., 111.

188a. BIFIDARIA HOLZINGERI FORDIANA Sterki. Wichita,

Kansas.

Section Bifidaria s. str.

189. BIFIDARIA HORDEACEA Gabb. Arizona, New Mexico.

190. BIFIDARIA PROCERA Gld. Minnesota to New Mexico, and

eastward.

191. BIFIDARIA HORDEACELLA Pils. Comal and Lee Counties,

Texas ; New Mexico.

192. BIFIDARIA RUPICOLA Say. Kansas and New York south-

ward to Texas and Key West, Florida.

193. BIFIDARIA SERVILIS Gld. Florida ; Cuba.

(An undescribed form of this group has been called P. riogrand-

ensis Sterki. Hidalgo, Texas).

194. BIFIDARIA CORTICARIA (Say). Ontario and Maine to

Minnesota, south to South Carolina and Mississippi.

195. BIFIDARIA HEBES Ancey. New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada

and Utah ; type locality White Pine, Nevada. This is P. arizonensis

W. G. B., not Gabb, and P. gabbi Dall. A form saxicola1 Ckll. has

1Not Pupa saxicola Lowe nor P. saxicola Moq.-Tand.

118 THE NAUTILUS.

been described from Round Mountain near Silver Cliff, Colorado.

195a. BIFIDARIA HEBES MEXiCANORUM Ckll. Mesilla, New

Mexico.

Section Vertiyopsis ' Ckll.' Sterki.

196. BIFIDARIA PILSBRYANA Sterki. New Mexico, Arizona.

197. BIFIDARIA CINCINNATIENSIS Judge. Cincinnati, Ohio.

198. BIFIDARIA CURVIDENS Gld. Mass, to Minn.; Ontario

and Quebec.

198a. BIFIDARIA CURVIDENS GRACILIS Sterki. Rhode Island,

Ohio, Tennessee.

198b. BIFIDARIA CURVIDENS FLORIDANA Dall. Archer, Alachua

Co., Florida.

199. BIFIDARIA PENTODON (Say). Ontario and Quebec, Canada,

to Minnesota, south to Ga. and Texas; Lincoln Co., Nevada;

Laggan, B. C. A form curta Sterki, occurs in Ohio.

Genus PUPA Draparnaud.

Subgenus Pupilla Leach, (=typical Pupa.)

200. PUPA MUSCORUM (L.). Prov. Q.uebec, Canada, New Eng-

land, and the Northern tier of States from Maine to Montana;

Colorado, Utah and Nevada. Also Europe. Pupa sublubrica Auc.

is considered a synonym by Binney.

201. PUPA BLANDI (Morse). New Mexico, Utah, Colorado and

western S. and N. Dakota. (Referred to P. muscorum var. bi-

granata Rossm. by von Martens ; cf. also P. signata Mouss.). A form

obtusa Ckll. is recorded from Custer Co., Colo.

202. PUPA SYNGENES Pils. New Mexico ; Arizona ; Montana.

203. PUPA STERKIANA Pils. San Diego Co., Cal. ; Lower Cali-

fornia.

Subgenus Nearctula Sterki.

204. PUPA CALIFORNICA (Rowell). San Francisco, etc., Califor-

nia.

204a. PUPA CALIFORNICA ELONGATA Sterki. San Clemente Is-

land.

204b. PUPA CALIFORNICA CATALINARIA Sterki. San Clemente

and Santa Catalina Is.

204c. PUPA CALIFORNICA DIEGOENSIS Sterki. San Diego, Cal.

204d. PUPA CALIFORNICA TRINOTATA Sterki. Monterey, Cal.

THE NAUTILUS. 119

204e. PUPA CALIFORNICA CYCLOPS Sterki. Placer Co., Cal.

205. PUPA ROWELLI (Newc.). Middle portion of California, Oak-

land, Monterey, etc.

206. PUPA CORPULENTA (Morse). Vancouver Id. ; WashoeCo.,

Nevada ; North Park, Colorado.

207. PUPA CASTANEA Sterki. Lake Co., California.

208. PUPA DECORA (Old.). Berkshire Hills, W. Mass, to Great

Slave Lake. Rare and local.

208a. PUPA DECORA BOREALIS (Morel.). Bering Island.

209. PUPA CONCINNULA Ckll. Colorado at high elevations. ( V.

ingersolli Ancey, unpublished, with varieties haydeni and perhaps

accedens Anc., are identical. Perhaps P. montanella Ckll. undes-

cribed, belongs here).

210. PUPA COLORADOENSIS Ckll. Colorado, " mid-alpine."

211. PUPA HOPPII Moll. Greenland ; (? Anticosti Island ; Laggan,

near summit of Rocky Mts.).

212. PUPA COLUMBIANA Sterki. Washington. Undescribed.

An undescribed var. utahensis is mentioned by Dr. Sterki.

Subgenus Sterkia Pilsbry, 1898.

213. PUPA CALAMITOSA Pils. San Diego Co., Cal., and south-

ward.

214. PUPA HEMPHILLI Sterki. San Diego Co., Cal., and south-

ward.

215. PUPA CLEMENTINA Sterki. San Clemente Island, Cal.

Genus VERTIGO I>rap;miaud.

Subgenus Angustula Sterki.

216. VERTIGO M ILIUM Gld. Hamilton, Ont., Quebec, and

Maine to Minnesota, south to Florida and Texas.

Subgenus Vertigo Drap.

Section Haplopupa Pilsbry, 1898.

217. VERTIGO DALLIANA (Sterki). Lake Co., California.

Section JBothriopupa Pilsbry, 1898.

2 1 8. VERTIGO VARIOLOSA (Gld). Southern extremity of Florida.

Section Vertigo s. str.

219. VERTIGO BINNEYANA Sterki. Manitoba to Seattle, Wash.,

south to New Mexico.

120 THE NAUTILUS.

220. VERTIGO PYGM.EA Drap. Quebec, New England and N.

Y., south to Va., west to Columbus, Ohio. (=V. callosa Sterki,

not of Reuss, Palseontographica, II, p. 30, 1849).

221. VERTIGO RUGOSULA Sterki. South Carolina, Gulf coast to

Texas.

22 la. VERTIGO RUGOSULA ORALIS Sterki (n. n. for ovulurn Sterki

preoc.).

222. VERTIGO OVATA Say. Eastern North America, Out. and

Quebec to Florida ; Arizona, New Mexico.

223. VERTIGO MORSEI Sterki. Kent Co., Michigan ; Northwest-

ern Ohio.

224. VERTIGO VENTRICOSA (Morse). Quebec aud Maine to

Ohio.

224a. VERTIGO VENTRICOSA ELATIOR Sterki. New Philadelphia,

Ohio ; East Saginaw, Mich., Clearvvater, Minn.

225. VERTIGO GOULDII Binn. Ontario, Quebec and Maine to

Montana, south to N. J. and Md.

225. VERTIGO APPROXIMANS Sterki. Illinois.

226. VERTIGO BOLLESIANA (Morse). Maine to Indiana, south to

Virginia and Teun. ; mainly in the N. E.

226a. VERTIGO BOLLESIANA ARTHURI Martens. Little Missouri,

Dakota.

227. VERTIGO TRIDENTATA Wolf. Quebec and Maine to Minn-

esota, south to Illinois and Ohio.

228. VERTIGO PARVULA Sterki. Summit and Lake Counties,

Ohio.

229. VERTIGO OSCARIANA Sterki. Florida to Texas ; Tenn.

Family ACHATINIDJE.

Genus OPEAS Alber.s 1850.

230. OPEAS MICRA (Orb.). Fort Dallas, Florida; Charleston,

S. C. West Indies and South America. Stenogyra octonoidcs is a

synonym.

231. OPEAS SUBULA (Pfr.). Mobile, Ala. West Indies. (Intro-

duced in some greenhouses North).

[Opeas goodalli (Mill.) and an undetermined Opeas have been

found in Phipp's conservatory, Pittsburgh (Clapp) ; and the latter

occurs also in Washington, D. C. (Lehnert). Subulina octona lives in

Horticultural Hall, Philadelphia. Until naturalized out of doors,

these can hardly be regarded as belonging to our fauna, any more

than the animals of zoological gardens.]

THE NAUTILUS.

VOL. XI. MARCH, 1898. No. 11.

MOLLUSCA CONTEMPORANEOUS WITH THE MASTODON.

BY BRYANT WALKER.

In THE NAUTILUS for March, 1891, (Vol. VI, p. 131) there is

given a list of half a dozen species of fresh-water shells which were

found associated with the remains of a mastodon discovered in

Randolph County, Indiana. Through the courtesy of Mr. W. Hilles

Smith of Niles, Michigan, I have recently had an opportunity of

examining a quantity of material taken from the muck beneath the

remains of a mastodon found near that city.

As the list of species is a considerable one it is of interest not only

because of the circumstances, under which they were found, but also

as a basis for comparison with similar finds from other localities.

As has been stated by others in reference to the mollusca formed

fossil in the loess there is here, in most instances, little, if any, varia-

tion from the usual form of the species as they are found living at

the present time.

The Planorbis companulatus Say and bicarinatus Say are both

larger than the average size of the species as usually found. In the

latter species there is a decided tendency towards a whorl narrow in

proportion to its height, with a strong carina on both sides, result-

ing in a long narrow aperture in mature examples.

One of the most abundant species in the collection was Valvata tri-

carinata Say, which afforded some unusual forms. As is well known,

this species is extremely variable in its sculpture, ranging though

the bicarinate and unicarinate forms to that which is ecarinate. In

this, however, all the specimens are strongly tricarinate and the

variation is in the other direction and in the form of additional car-

inoe. This, in one instance, appears as a fourth cariua on the body

whorl about half way between the superior and peripheral carinse

in the normal shell. In another specimen, a fourth carina is sud-

122

THE NAUTILUS.

denly developed upon the shoulder of the last whorl parallel with

superior carina and at about one-third of the distance between it

and the suture. The interval between the two being a groove, rather

than a continuation of the flat surface of the shoulder. In a some-

what similar specimen there is no distinct carina developed, but

simply a sharp edge, where the flattened surface of the shoulder is

cut by the groove which encircles it just inside the superior carina.

In two other examples, the suture of the last half of the body whorl

is decidedly channelled, increasingly so as it approaches the aper-

ture, with an indistinct elevation hardiv sufficient to be termed a

•/

carina, bordering its outer edge.

Although these variations were found in only half a dozen spec-

imens out of a considerable number, it is nevertheless worthy of

notice, that in each instance the growth of the shell had been entirely

normal until about the beginning of the last whorl. Then suddenly

and apparently after a period of rest, such as hibernation, with a

renewal of growth the change of sculpture begins. This would

naturally seem to be the result of some change in the environment.

But, whatever was its source, it was not sufficient, evidently, to affect

the whole colony. However, as some of the examples are not fully

grown, it may be possibly attributed to the same cause, which very

shortly exterminated them all. Unfortunately, what that was, is

purely a matter of conjecture.

The complete list of the species found is as follows:

Zonites radiatulus Aid.

Strobilops labyrinthica Say.

Succinea ovalis Gld.

Carychium exiguum Say.

Limnsea stagnalis L.

Limnsea desidosa Say.

Limnsea humilis Say.

Physa ancillaria Say.

Physa heterostropha Say.

Physa integra Hald.

Planorbis deflectus Say.

Planorbis parvus Say.

Planorbis bicarinatus Say.

Planorbis trivolvis Say.

Planorbis campanulatus Say.

Ancylus rivularis Say.

Valvata tricarinata Say.

Amnicola limosa Say.

Amnicola lustrica Pils.

Campeloma integra Say.

Carcpeloma obesa Lewis.

Campeloma subsolidum Anth.

Pleurocera elevatum Say.

Goniobasis livescens Mke.

Unio ventricosus Bar.

Unio spatulatus Lea.

Unio uovi-eboraci Lea.

Unio pressus Lea.

Margaritina rugosa Bar.

Margaritina deltoidea Lea.

Auodonta subcylindracea Lea.

Anodonta Footiana Lea.

Spbreriuru simile Say.

Sphrerium striatinum Lam.

Pisidium compressum Prime.

Pisidium sp.

THE NAUTILUS.

HAWAIIAN CYPRJEIDJE.

123

BY D. D. BALDWIN, HAIKU, MAUI, H. I.

In the following list of species

not known to me personally as

asterisk :

Cyprsea annse Roberts.*

Cyprsea annulus Linn.

Cyprsea arabica Linn.

Cyprsea argus Linn.

Cyprsea carneola Linn.

Cyprtea caput-auguis Phil.

Cyprsea caput-serpentis Linn.

Cyprsea childreni Gray.

Cyprsea cicercula Linn.

Cyprsea erosa Linn.

Cyprsea errones Linn.

Cyprsea firabriata Gmel.

Cyprsea helvola Linn.

Cyprsea isabella Linn.

Cyprsea intermedia Gray.

Cyprsea limacina Lam.*

Cyprsea lynx Linn.

Cyprsea madagascariensis Gmel.

Cyprsea mauritiana Linn.

Cyprsea moneta Linn.

Cyprsea microdon Gray.

reported from these Islands, those

Hawaiian are marked with an

Cyprasa nucleus Linn.

Cyprsea polita Roberts.

Cyprsea poraria Linn.

Cyprsea reticulata Mart.

Cyprsea spadix Migh.*

Cyprsea scurra Chem.

Cyprsea semiplota Migh.*

Cyyrsea staphylea Linn.*

Cyprsea sulcidentata Gray.

Cyprsea talpa Linn.

Cyprsea tessellata Sow.

Cyprsea tigris Linn.

Cyprsea unifasciata Migh.*

Cyprsea ventriculus Lam.

Cyprsea vitellus Linn.

Trivia exigua Gray.*

Trivia gran do Gask.

Trivia globulus Linn.*

Trivia iusecta Migh.

Trivia oryzaLam.*

Trivia sphserula Migh.*

NEW VARIETIES OF TJNIONID.E.

BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT.

TJ. gibbosus Barnes, var. armathwaitensis m>v.

The chief distinguishing characters of this variety are : Broader

behind, lateral teeth shorter, darker epidermis, beak cavity more

pronounced and angular, longer, posterior cavity greater, nacre

usually a brighter purple and it is never as large or as massive as

the typical form.

Habitat. — A branch of the South Fork of the Cumberland River

at Armathwaite, Fentress Co., Ten n. Type in National Museum.

Remarks. — Mr. E. F. Hassler collected a quantity of these shells

124 THE NAUTILUS.

along with Margaritana ravenelliana Lea and they seemed to differ

from U. gibbosus Bar. sufficiently to warrant making a variety of

them, in which opinion Mr. Simpson of the National Museum con-

curred. Its place is between U. subgibbosus Lea and U. gibbosus

Barnes and while it occasionally has the white nacre of the former

species it is always larger but less massive, wider and has a darker

epidermis.

It is also related to U. stonensis Lea and closely resembles that

species except in epidermis and nacre. Only three specimens out

of fifty had a pure white nacre, and those would be taken for ston-

ensis but for the darker epidermis.

Margaritana marginata Say, vnr. truncata nov.

Shell abruptly truncated behind, and more produced in front,

causing it to be nearly equilateral. More inflated and usually

larger than the typical form.

Remarks. — This well marked variety was noted by Mr. Say and

specimens were by him labelled in this name, but no description was

ever published, so far as known. It occurs in eastern as well as

western waters and into Virginia and Tennessee.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW PISIDIA.

BY DR. V. STERKI.

Pis. splendidulum Sterki.

Additional localities are: Upper Red Hook, N. Y., and New

Philadelphia, Ohio.

Pis. abyssorum Stimpsnn, n. sp.

Mussel small, moderately inflated, somewhat elongate and oblique

(most specimens somewhat rhombic), superior and inferior margins

moderately curved ; scutellum slightly, scutum rather well marked ;

posterior end rounded or slightly truncated above obliquely in pos-

tero-anterior direction, merging into the inferior margin with one

continuous curve ; anterior end a rounded angle situated rather in-

feriorly ; beaks slightly posterior, rather low, comparatively broad ;

color whitish to pale horn; surface polished, with fine, irregular

stria? ; shell very thin, translucent; hinge very fine, plate very nar-

row; cardinal teeth short, lamellar, thin, longitudinal, scarcely

curved, the superior of the left valve little anterior, quite small or

abortive; lateral teeth very thin, not high, the outer ones of the

right valve scarcely perceptible or absent; ligament small.

THE NAUTILUS. 125

Long. 2'4, alt. 2-0, diam. T4 mill., (long. 2-3 mill.) ; young, as

contained in parent, 0'8 mill. long.

Habitat: Region of the Great Lakes, in deep water. — Lake

Michigan : Racine, Wis., dredged (Mr. Geo. T. Marston) ; different

places on the Michigan side, partly from a depth of 24 meters ; Pine

Lake, Mich., dredged ; Green Lake, Wis., dredged ; from stomachs

of White Fish, Lake Michigan, all sent by Mr. Bryant Walker, in

1894, and partly since. They \vere believed be a new form, but

publication was deferred.

In March, 1895, Mr. Geo. T. Marston sent me two lots from

dredgings, writing: "No. .A. 208, Pis. abyssorum Stimpsou, were

from Dr. P. R. Hoy, Racine, Wis. He wrote me that they were

first found in the stomachs of White Fish taken in Lake Michigan,

near Racine, Wis., in 1870, by a party of gentlemen including Wm.

Stimpson and himself. The party were investigating the food of

White Fish, then unknown. I quote from Hoy's letter : ' In 1870

we drugged in Lake Michigan — Wm. Stimpson assisted — we got

several of the Pisidium and three species of Crustaceans, all of which

were new. Stimpson described the several new species — the names

were published — I do not recollect where published — but the descrip-

tion was written out with the greatest care and were to be published

in the Proc. of the Chicago Acad. Sc , of which Stimpson was

secretary at the time. All were burnt at the time of the great

fire.' ' Mr. Marston subsequently had correspondence with several

conchologists, but the matter remained unsettled. The two lots

contained different forms of small Pisidia mixed up; but the most

numerous and most conspicuous specimens represented the form now

described under Stirnpson's name. There is no absolute certainty

that this is the same Pisidium the author had described, but it is

the nearest in probability, and so to-day by the efforts of Mr. Mars-

ton, we can do justice to the deceased scientist. For the above de-

scription the writer is wholly responsible. The name (only) Pis.

abyssorum has been published by Smith in his "Sketch of the In-

vertebrate Fauna of Lake Superior," according to a kind communi-

cation of Mr. Bryant Walker.

The form comes nearest Pis. splendidulum, in size and shape; but

it is less inflated, the beaks are less prominent, the color is much

paler (whitish), the shell thinner, and the hinge much finer and, as

mentioned, partly defective.

Pis. pauperculum var. Nylanderi n.

Different from the type in the following points ; it is comparatively

126 THE NAUTILUS.

higher (as high as long, or nearly so), quite oblique ; the beaks are

very large; upper margin and hinge very strongly curved; color

pale greenish horn ; surface highly polished, with distinct, irregular

lines of growth.

Known from Maine and New Jersey. It has been collected in

Partridge Lake, in the thoroughfare between Partridge and Long

Lakes, in Long Lake, Square Lake, all in Maine, with the dredge,

in various depths down to 25 feet, by Mr. Olof O. Nylander. Also

dredged in White Pond, N. J., by Messrs. Pilsbry and Rhoads, to-

gether with rather typical specimens of pauperculum and inter-

mediate forms. The upper margin and hinge are as strongly curved

as in Pis wquilaterale Pr. and some forms of P. compresmm Pr. The

beaks are so large as to make out almost the whole upper part of

the mussel.

This Pisidium has been named after Mr. Ol. O. Nylander, who

has so assiduously collected both recent and fossil mollusca of north-

ern Maine.

New Philadelphia, Ohio., Jan., 1898.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

CATALOGUE OF THE HATFIELD COLLECTION OF SHELLS FROM

THE LOYALTY ISLANDS, by James Cosmo Melvill and Robert

Standen. Originally published in the Journal of Conchology, this

paper has been reprinted as one of the Manchester Museum Hand-

books. The Loyalty Islands belong to the New Caledonian group,

and like that island are remarkably prolific in mollusk life. About

600 species, of which a score are new, are catalogued by Messrs.

Melvill and Standen. Some idea of the wealth of the fauna may be

obtained from the fact that there are 42 species of Conus, 53 rnitras,

46 Cypnea and Trivia (among them C. exanthema L.1 Rashleigli-

ana Melv., sulcidentata Gray, aurora (aiirantiuiri) , clandestma v.

Artuffeli Jouss., poraria var. albinella (new), Trivia childreni, etc.).

Other interesting species are Turbo moluccensis and the Pleurotom-

idce, of which a large number of small species, including numerous

new ones, occurred. Twoexce >t plates illustrate new forms. The

work is very creditable to Mr. auu "Trs. Hatfield, who collected the

shells, as well as to the authors.

Mr. G. B. Sowerby announces the issue of a supplement to his

"Marine Shells of South Africa."

1 Probably not indigenous.

THE NAUTILUS. 127

Subgenus Melaniella Pfr., 1859.

232. OPEAS GRACILLIMA (Pfr.). Key West, and near Miami

River, Florida. Cuba, etc.

Genus RUMINA Risso, 1826.

233. RUMINA DECOLLATA (Linn.)- Charleston, S. C. Introduced

from southern Europe.

Genus CJECILIOIDES (F.'-r.) Hermannsen, 1846.

234. CJECILIOIDES ACICULA (Miill.). Florida (Bartlett, many

years ago) ; Princeton, N. J. (A. D. Brown). Introduced from

Europe.

Genus COCHLICOPA (Fer.) Risso, 1826.

235. COCHLICOPA LUBRICA (Miill.). Canada to D. C. and Alab-

ama, west to Oregon. Also Palsearctic. Commonly known in

America as " Ferussacia subcylindrica L."

235a. COCHLICOPA LUBRICA MORSEANA (Doherty). Hamilton

Co., Ohio ; Kenton Co., Ky. ; Roan Mt., N. C.

(Superfamily A GNA TEA Morch.)

Family GLANDINID.E.

Genus GLANDINA Schum.

233. GLANDINA TRUNCATA (Brug.). Georgia Sea Islands to

Florida, west to Louisiana and Mississippi. Forms macer Dall ;

parallela W. G. Binn., Florida. Form bullata Gld., Louisiana and

Mississippi. Var. ovata Dall, Florida, is the same.

234. GLANDINA TEXASIANA (Pfr.). Brownsville, Texas. Prob-

ably a mere form of truncata.

235. GLANDINA SINGLEYANA W. G. B. South central and

southern Texas. ((?. decussata Desh. is a Guatemalan species).

236. GLANDINA VANUXEMENSIS Lea. Texas? ; Mexico. A doubt-

ful member of our fauna.

Family TESTACELLIDJE.

237. TESTACELLAHALIOTIDEA Drap. Roxborough, Philadelphia,

Pa. Introduced from Europe.

Family CIRQ} ,-^.tlIIDJE Pilsbry.

Genus CIRCINARIA (Heck, 1837) Pilsbry.

(Macrocyclis auct. not Beck ; Selenites Fischer not Hope ; Hap-

lotrema Anc.).

128 THE NAUTILUS.

238. CIRCINARIA HEMPHILLI (W. G. Biun.). Olympia, Walla-

walla and Freeport, Wash. ; also Oregon.

239. CIRCINARIA CONGA VA (Say). Ontario and Quebec, Canada,

west to Minnesota, south to Kansas, Mississippi and Georgia.

240. CIRCINARIA VANCOUVERENSIS (Lea). Bolinas Bay, Cal., to

Sitka, Alaska.

240a. CIRCINARIA VANCOUVERENSIS OCCIDENTALIS (Hempb.).

Sonoma to Santa Cruz Co., Cal. ; Ivalama, Wash.

S. concavus var. tennis Hemph., from Napa Co., is practically

the same. Mr. Hemphill has described a var. keepi from near

Oakland, Cal. I have not seen specimens.

241. CIRCINARIA SPORTELLA (Gld.). Klamath and Humboldt

Co., Cal., to Vancouver I.

241a. CIRCINARIA SPORTELLA HYBRIDA (Ancey). Portland,

Astoria. The Dalles and Douglas Co., Ore. ; Olympia, Freeport,

and Seattle, Wash.; Vernon, B. C.

(This is M. vancouverensis var. lit/brida Anc., 1888, and S. Van-

couver ensis var. hybridus Hempli., 181)0).

242. CIRCIJXARIA VOYANA (Nevvc.). Shasta Co., Cal. to Puget

Sound.

242a. CIRCINARIA VOYANA SIMPLICILABRIS Ancey. California.

243. CIRCINARIA DURANTI (Newc.). Santa Barbara Is. and

coast range of southern California.

243a. CIRCINARIA DURANTI CJELATA (Mazyck). San Diego,

Cal. to San Tomas River, Lower California. (Ccelatura W. G. B.,

Terr. Moll. V, 3d Suppl.).

243b. CIRCINARIA DURANTI CATALINENSIS (Hemph.). Santa

Catalina Island.

244. CIRCINARIA TRANSFUGA (Hemph.). San Diego, Cal. to

Todos Santos Bay, Lower California.

(Superfamily AULACOPODA Pilsbry.)

Family ZONITIDJE.

Subfamily Zonitinse Pilsbry.

Genus OMPHALINA Rafinesque.

245. OMPHALINA KOPNODES (W. G. Binn.). West Virginia to

Ga. and Alabama.

246. OMPHALINA FULIGINOSA (Griff.). Ontario, west to south-

ern Michigan, Indiana and Arkansas, south to Volusia Co., Fla.

THE NAUTILUS. 129

246a. OMPHALINA FULIGINOSA POLITA Pilsbry. Mountain region

of Eastern Tennessee and western North Carolina. Great Smokies ;

Monroe Co., Tenn.

247. OMPHALINA FRIABILIS (W. G. B.). Southern Illinois to

Washington Co., Texas; northern Kentucky ; Franklin Co., Tenn.

248. OMPHALINA L^EVIGATA (Pfr.). North Carolina to St.

John's Valley, Fla., west to Arkansas and western Louisiana.

249. OMPHALINA RUGELI (W. G. B.). North Carolina, Roan

Mt. to Cranberry.

250. OMPHALINA SUBPLANA (Binu.). Mts. between Tennessee

and North Carolina.

251. OMPHALINA INORNATA (Say). Ottawa and Hull, Canada,

to Georgia and Ohio.

252. OMPHALINA ANDRKWS.E Pilsbry. Great Smoky Mts., be-

tween Tennessee and North Carolina ; Macon Co., Ga.

252a. OMPHALINA ANDREWS.E MONTIVAGA Pilsbry. Thunder-

head Mt.

Genus VITRINIZONITES W. G. Binney.

253. VITRINIZONITES LATISSIMUS (Lewis). Mountains between

Tennessee and North Carolina.

Genus VITRINA Drap., 1801.

254. VITRINA LIMPIDA Gld. Canada and New England, west

to Manitoba, south to Pittsburgh, Pa.

255. VITRINA PFEIFFERI Newc. California to B. C. ; New Mex-

ico, Utah, Colorado.

256. VITRINA ANGELICA Beck. Godhavn, Greenland.

257. VITRINA EXILIS Morel. Unalaska ; Bering Id. A Kam-

chatkan species.

Genus VITREA Fit/ln.^er.

258. VITREA CELLARIA (Mull). Seaports of Atlantic and Pacific

coasts, Quebec, Portland, Me., Phila., Charleston, S. C., occasional

in greenhouses inland, Allegheny City, Pa., Detroit, Mich., etc.

259. VITREA DRAPARNALDI (Beck.). Greenhouses, etc., Seattle,

Wash., Oakland, Cal.

260. VITREA HAMMONIS (Strom). North Carolina to Colorado,

northward throughout the northern states and British America ;

also PalaBarctic. (Hyalina pellucida Lehnert, H. viridula Mke.,

H. rudiatula Aid., H. electrina Gld. are synonyms).

130 THE NAUTILUS.

261. VITREA WHEATLEYI (Bland). Knoxville, Tenn., northern

Alabama. (Indiana and Michigan, Sterki).

261a. VITREA WHEATLEYI CLINGMANI Dall. Clingman's Dome,

Great Smoky Mts., N. C.

262. VITREA RADERI Dull. Cumberland, Md.

263. VITREA PETROPHILA (Bid.). Knoxville, Tenn.; Habers-

ham Co., Ga. ; Clarkesville, N. C. ; Great Smoky Mts.

264. VITREA BINNEYANA (Morse). Quebec and Maine to north-

ern Mich. ; also reported from Vancouver Id.

265. VITREA JOHNSONI Dall. Seattle, Washington.

266. VITREA WHITNEYI (Newc.). Near Lake Tahoe, Cal.

267. VITREA DIEGOENSIS (Hemph.). Near Julian City, Cuya-

maca Mts., San Diego Co., California.

Section Striatura Morse, 1864.

268. VITREA FERREA (Morse). Quebec, Ontario and Maine to

Northern Mich., south to Ohio and North Carolina.

Section GlyphyaMna Martens, 1892.

270. VITREA INDENTATA (Say). Dakota to New Mexico, Lower

California and states of Jalisco and Morelos, Mexico, east to the

Atlantic, Ontario to Florida.

271. VITREA SCULPTILIS (Bid.). Mountain region near the

Tennessee and North Carolina boundary.

272. VITREA CAROLINENSIS (Ckll.). Mountain region along the

North Carolina and Tennessee boundary ; Monroe Co., Tenu.

273. VITREA SUBRUPICOLA (Dall). Clinton's Cave, Utah.

273a. VITREA SUBRUPICOLA SPELJEA (Dall). Cave City, Cala-

veras Co., Cal.

Section Paravitrea Pilsbry, 1898.

274. VITREA CAPSELLA (Gld.). Virginia and Kentucky to Ala-

bama.

275. VITREA SIMPSONI (Pile.). Limestone Gap, Indian Terr. ;

Mablevale, Ark.

276. VITREA PLACENTULA (Shuttl.). Great Smoky Mts., etc.,

Eastern Tennessee; Lexington, Va. ; Hot Springs, Ark.

277. VITREA LAW.E (W. G. B.). Eastern Tennessee.

Genus CONULUS Fit/inger, 1833.

(Not Conulus Klein, pre Linnrean, nor of Raf, 1815, a nude name).

THE NAUTILUS. 131

278. CONULUS FULVUS (Mull.). All the States ; British Amer-

ica, Paleearctic.

278a. CONULUS FULVUS DENTATUS Sterki. Jackson Co., Ala. ;

Cincinnati, Ohio.

279. CONULUS STERKII Dall. New Philadelphia and Summit

Co., Ohio ; Mt. Lebanon, La. ; Jackson Co., Ala.

280. CONULUS CHERSINELLUS ( Dall). CalaverasCo.,Cal. ; Fres-

no Co.

Genus GUPPYA Morch, 1867.

281. GUPPYA GUNDLACHI (Pfr.). Florida ; Hidalgo, Texas ;

also West Indies and Central America.

Subfamily Ariophantinse Pilsbry.

Genus ZONITOIDES Lehmann, 1862.

282. ZONITOIDES NITIDUS (Mu'll.). British America and North-

ern States from New England to Washington ; Pa. ; Ohio ; Ala.

Also Europe.

283. ZONITOIDES ARBOREUS (Say). All the States; British

America north to Great Slave Lake.

284. ZONITOIDES DALLIANUS (Simp.). Manatee Co. and Little

Sarasota Bay, W. Florida.

Section Pseudohyalina Morse, 1864.

285. ZONITOIDES LIMATULUS (Ward). New York, Ohio, Mich-

igan, Indiana, local and rather rare. (San Mateo, Cal., Binney).

286. ZONITOIDES LATEUMBILICATUS (Pils.). Near Woodville,

Jackson Co., Ala.

287. ZONITOIDES PATULOIDES (Pilsbry). Thunderhead, Great

Smoky Mts.

288. ZONITOIDES SHIMEKII (Pils.). Loess of Iowa (Extinct).

289. ZONITOIDES SELENITOIDES (Pils.). Mariposa Big Trees,

Cal.

290. ZONITOIDES MINUSCULUS (Binn.). Ontario to Florida, west

to Mont., Arizona and New Mexico.

290a. ZONITOIDES MINUSCULUS ALACHUANUS (Dall). Alachua

Co., Fla.

291. ZONITOIDES L.EVIUSCULUS (Sterki). Comal Co. and Hid-

algo, Texas ; Henry Co., Ind. ; N.-W. Ohio ; New Mexico.

292. ZONITOIDES SINGLEYANUS (Pils.). Comal Co., Central Texas;

Woodville, Ala.

132 THE NAUTILUS.

293. ZONITOIDES EXIGUUS (Stimps.). Quebec and Ontario, New

England, N. Y., Mich.

294. ZONITOIDES MTLIUM (Morse). Ontario to Florida, west to

Indiana.

294a. ZONITOIDES MILIUM PUGETENSIS (Dall). Seattle, Wash. ;

Ballena, San Diego Co., Cal.

Genus GASTRODONTA Albers, 1850.

295. GASTRODONTA INTERTEXTA (Binn.). Ontario to Florida,

west to southwestern Louisiana and Indiana. A carinated form

%

occurs.

296. GASTRODONTA ACERRA (Lewis). Roan Mt., North Caro-

lina, to Montgomery, Ala. ; Indian Terr.

297. GASTRODONTA DEMISSA (Binn.). Western Pa. to Georgia

west to Arkansas and eastern Texas.

297a. GASTRODONTA DEMISSA BRITTSII (Pils.). Hot Springs, Ark.

298. GASTRODONTA CERINOIDEA (Anth.). Virginia to northern

Florida.

299. GASTRODONTA LIGERA (Say). Ontario to Michigan, Indian

Terr, and Louisiana, south to Virginia and Tennessee.

300. GASTRODONTA COLLISELLA Pils. Lookout Mt., Roane,

Knox, Monroe and Washington counties, Tennessee ; Lexington,

Va.

300a. GASTRODONTA COLLISELLA PERCALLOSA Pils. Near Chat-

tanooga and Nashville, Tenu.

301. GASTRODONTA GULARIS (Say). Mountain region of eastern

Tennessee, western North Carolina, northern Alabama and Georgia.

301a. GASTRODONTA GULARIS CUSPIDATA (Lewis). Monroe Co.,

etc., eastern Tennessee ; Roan Mt.

302. GASTRODONTA SUPPRESSA (Say). Ontario and Michigan

to Maryland.

303. GASTRODONTA MACiLENTA^Shuttl.). Mountains near the

Tennessee and North Carolina boundary.

304. GASTRODONTA LASMODON (Phillips). Eastern Tennessee,

western North Carolina and northern Alabama.

305. GASTRODONTA ELLIOTTI (Redf.). Same distribution.

306. GASTRODONTA INTERNA (Say). Ohio to northern Florida,

chiefly in Tennessee; West Virginia ; northern Alabama.

Subgcnus Taxeodonta Pilsbi-y, 1898.

307. GASTRODONTA SIGNIFICANS (Bid.). Fort Gibson, Indian

Terr.; Union Co., Tenn.

THE NAUTILUS.

VOL. XI. APRIL, 1898. No. 12.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW AMERICAN LAND SHELLS.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

Punctum clappi n. sp.

Shell minute, openly umbilicated, yellowish-brown, with depressed,

nearly level spire, and cylindroid whorls. Whorls 3J, the earlier

H sraoothish, finely pitted, the last 1 or 11 whorls sculptured with

elevated laminte running with the increment-lines, 30 to over 40 on

the last whorl, the intervals closely striated and showing fine spiral

striation ; suture impressed, descending in front; umbilicus deep

and open, its width contained between 83 and 3i times in greatest

diameter of shell. Aperture short oval, higher than wide, somewhat

oblique, but little excised by the previous whorl.

Alt. I'l~r2, greatest diam. 2 mm.

Seattle (Randolph) and Tacoma (Hemphill), Washington ; Salem,

Oregon (Hemphill).

My attention was called to this form some years ago, but its de-

termination at this time is due to Mr. George H. Clapp, who insist-

ing that the shells were neither Punctum conspectum nor Pyramidula

astericus, induced me to review the group.

P. (Planogyra) asteriscus is even flatter above ; the umbilicus is

wider, one-third the diameter, and more open ; the cuticular lamellae

are more widely spaced and fewer, 1 9-25 on the last whorl, and the

aperture is relatively smaller.

Punctum conspectum, which also occurs at Seattle, has a much

more elevated spire, decidedly narrower umbilicus, less than one-

fourth the diameter of the shell, and the aperture is different in

shape, wider than high.

] 34 THE NAUTILUS.

On some specimens of P. clappi the elevated lamellae are in part

subobsolete.

Dentition not yet examined, so that the species may turn out to

be a Planogyra rather than a Punctum,

Punctum californicum n. sp.

Similar to P. conspectum in the small, deep umbilicus and color.

Spire somewhat more elevated ; whorls fully 4, closely revolving,

the last decidedly narrower than in conspectum (viewed from above).

Surface lusterless, with fine, even, hair-like striation, and in places

showing faint traces of spiral striae. Umbilicus narrow and deep,

its width contained 4i times in greatest diameter of the shell. Aper-

ture wider than high, shaped much as in P. conspecium.

Alt. 1*14, greatest diarn. 1'85 mm.

Fish Camp, Fresno Co., California.

Gastrodonta (Taxeodonta) lamellidens n. sp.

Shell similar to G. multidentata, but larger, with an additional

whorl, and instead of radial rows of teeth having partition-like

radial barriers, generally three in the young, one, not far within, in

the adult shell. Alt. 1'6, diam. 3*7 mm.

Thunderhead, Great Smoky Mts.

This is one of Mr. J. H. Ferriss' finds. It was only obtained in

small numbers, but probably is abundant, overlooked on account

of the small size. I have not heard of G. multidentata being found

so far south as this.

Gastrodonta collisella percallosa n. \;ir.

Shell similar to G. collisella or a small ligera with globose base ;

having an extremely heavy callus within the outer and basal walls

of the aperture, extending about one-third whorl inward ; no lamella.

Whorls 7i. Size of G. collisella.

Mr. Geo. H. Clapp, of Pittsburgh, Pa., when in Philadelphia

lately, called my attention to this form. Upon examining the col-

lection of the Academy, two trays of it were found, one set collected

by A. G. Wetherby (who also supplied Mr. Clapp's specimens), on

the Tennessee river, 3 miles above Chattanooga, Hamilton Co., the

other by G. A. Lathrop, at Nashville, Tenu. In correspondence

with Mr. Wetherby some years ago, we mutually agreed that the

shells were a small, heavily calloused variety of G. ligera; but upon

reconsideration_I am disposed to rank them rather with G. collisella.

THE NAUTILUS. 135

A NEW SUBGENUS OF COKALLIOPHAGA.

BY W. H. DALL.

Oryctomya n. .-nibg.

Shell with the form of Coralliophaga, the surface with radiating

very fine lines of minute granulations as in Eueharis; hinge with

one slender, transverse, more or less trin'd cardinal in each valve,

that in the left valve larger, and a slender almost linear tooth on

the anterior lower surface of the nymph in each valve; an obscure

projection on the cardinal margin in front of the cardinal in the left

valve; no lateral teeth; pallial sinus short, angular, the adductor

scars large and strong, the inner margins of the valves plain. Type

C. (0.) claibornensis Dall.

This subgenus differs from Coralliophaga in its surface and den-

tition, and has the pallial sinus more distinct and angular. It has

the boring habit, the valves are therefore often irregular, the younger

ones are thinner, more regular, and with the adductor scars less

evident. Coralliophaga prima Harris (Bull. Pal. IX, p. 60, pi. 13,

figs. 4, 5, 1897), from the Lignitic, may be congeneric, but I have

seen no specimens, and the dentition is different according to the

description.

C. (Oryctomya) claibornensis Dall.

Shell elongate oval with low beaks, quite anterior, moderately

inflated, somewhat mesially impressed ; surface with incremental

lines which in senile specimens sometimes become lamellose near the

posterior end ; radial sculpture of rows of small globular granules

easily worn off and almost microscopic; ends rounded, the posterior

broader ; hinge teeth delicate, somewhat pedunculate and slender in

the adult; pallial sinus uot extending in front of the posterior ad-

ductor scar ; pallial line in senile specimens radially striated.

Lou. 36, alt. 19, diam. 14 mm.

Claiborne sands, at Claiborne, Ala., Burns.

This species is readily recognized by its peculiar surface. It will

be illustrated in a publication now in press.

NOTES AND NEWS.

How CAN HE CLEAN 'EM ? — A collector asks " How can I get

the livers out of my shells? Is there an acid that will eat liver and

136 THE NAUTILUS.

let the shell alone ; or, is there some absorbent that will contract

when cool or in the process of drying that will bring it out? I have

put my snails in boiling water, guessing at the cooking necessary for

the different varieties, but often I cannot extract the whole animal,

leaving a portion to discolor the spire."

For cleaning the exterior of water shells I find fine table salt

about the correct thing. Rub it on with a piece of cloth or the hand.

It has grit enough to remove lime, algse and iron stains without be-

ing firm enough to scratch the epidermis. Often a weak solution of

muriatic acid assists in removing iron stains and lime, and brightens

the colors. Rinse thoroughly, and when dry rub over lightly with

raw linseed oil. — JAS. H. FERRISS.

NOTES ON SOME PUPID^:. — The perusal of the account of the

Pupidre in the new Catalogue suggests the following comments.

Pupa montanella (p. 119) is not concinnula, but is a weak form of

pentodon, found in Ouster Co., Colorado. The name has never been

sanctioned by a description, and should be dropped. P. pentodon,

it may be remarked, was originally the type of Vertigopsis, as I had

it in my MS.; but in NAUTILUS, January, 1893, Dr. Sterki takes

curvidens as the type, and this must now hold good. Ancey's un-

published descriptions of his two forms of P. ingersolli are as follows :

" Var. (?) haydeni Anc. Testa prsecedenti [ingersolli] statura

formaque si mil lima, sed dentibus palatalibus 3 parallelis et ?equali-

bus, elongatis, nee. 2, discrepans. Cunningham Gulch (Ingersoll)."

"Var. accedens, Anc., Testa typo similis, sed tuberculo parietali

distincto prope dentem armata." (May, 1890). Pupa sublubrica

is hardly muscorum ; a figure communicated by Mr. Ancey shows,

besides a strong parietal tooth, one on the outer wall, and also an

obtuse one on the columella. The figure appears to me to represent

a form of blandi. In May, 1890, Mr. Ancey (in I'M.} states that

hebes was near to muscorum, and criticised Biuney for putting it

under arizonensis; thus it appears probable that gabbi may stand.

At that time (1890) a new name was proposed in MS. by Ancey for

arizonensis, W. G. B., but it was not published. It may be as well

to remark here that the name Holosjyira rcemeri var. minor, published

(NAUTILUS, VI, 6) by Dr. Sterki, without description, belongs to

W. G. Binney's var. ,3, Man. Amer. Land Shells, p. 422.— T. D.

A. COCKERELL.

THE NAUTILUS. 137

RECENT PUBLICATIONS.

APPENDIX TO MARINE SHELLS OF SOUTH AFRICA, by G. B.

Sowerby (30 pp., 3 pi.). The total number of species is brought up

to 1051 in this appendix. Among numerous new forms may be

mentioned Fulgur africamnn, a form resembling young F. carica;

two fine Ancillas, a Basterotia and several new forms of Scintilla as

as of special iuterest. The rare Valuta j 'estiva Lam. is also recorded.

ARMATURE OF HELICOID LAND SHELLS. Mr. G. K. Gude still

continues his series of articles under this head in Science- Gossip.

The extensive genus Plectopylis still furnishes species for description

and illustration. In this group, as in many other genera of land

snails, the most important characters for distinguishing species, and

for their grouping, are to be seen only by cutting the shell to expose

the peculiar system of internal barriers and teeth. In some species

of Plectopylis these are wonderfully complex, forming truly a

'• crooked gateway." It must be said that in these papers Mr. Gude

supplies a large amount of information not elsewhere to be found.

THE VARIATIONS AND MUTATIONS OF THE INTRODUCED LIT-

TORINA, by Hermon C. Bumpus (Zool. Bulletin I, No. 5, p. 247,

February, 1898). "The observations recorded in this communica-

tion were made for the purpose of ascertaining additional facts rela-

tive to the variability of ' introduced species.' '

Littorina littorea is selected for study. First collected at Bathurst

on the Gulf of St. Lawrence in 1855, the southward migration of the

species is traced to New Haven (1880). 10,000 shells were collected

from ten American, and 3,000 from three English localities for

measurement and weighing, the results being summarized as follows :

" We may then conclude that the periwinkle, subjected to a new

environment, and presumably emancipated from many of the re-

straining influences of natural selection, has become in any and all

American localities :

" I and II, more variable in its stature. Ill, more variable in its

course of growth. IV, more variable in weight. V, more variable

in bulk. VI, more variable in limitations and boundaries of the

color patterns.

" While presenting these extremes of variation, the American type

of Littorina littorea, when compared with the European type, is more

elongated, lighter in weight, more bulky, and the color markings

are less pronounced."

138 THE NAUTILUS.

308. GASTRODONTA ANDREWS^ (W. G. B.). Mountains of

North Carolina along the Tennessee boundary.

309. GASTRODONTA MULTIDENTATA (Binn.). Quebec and Ont.

to Michigan, south to New York and Ohio.

310. GASTRODONTA LAMELLIDENS Pils. Clingman's Dome,

Great Smoky Mts.

Genus PRISTIDMA Ancey, 18s7.

311. PRISTILOMA LANSINGI (Bid.). Astoria, Oregon to Van-

couver Island.

312. PRISTILOMA STEARNSI (Bid.). Oregon, Washington, Brit-

ish Columbia, Pt. Barrow, Alaska. (Hyalina arctica Lehnert,

Science Record, June, 1884, is a synonym.).

Family LIMACIDJE.

Genus UMAX L.

313. LIMAX MAXIMUS L. Seaports and principal cities of east

and west coasts. New Braunfels, Texas.

314. LIMAX FLAVUH L. Seaports and principal cities of the

Atlantic seaboard, Boston to Charleston, S. C. (L. variegatus

Drap. is the same).

Genus AGRIOLIMAX Morch, 18(58.

315. AGRIOLIMAX AGRESTIS (L.). Seaports of east and west

coasts, often spreading well inland. There are many named color-

forms.

316. AGRIOLIMAX CAMPESTRIS (Binn.). Entire U.S. Varieties

occidentalis Coop., inontamis and castaneus Ing., ingersolli W. G. B.,

kyperboreus AVest., and a number of color-forms have been described.

317. AGRIOLIMAX HEMPHILLI (W. G. B.). Julian City, Cal. ;

San Tomas, Lower Cal. A color-variety pictus Ckll. is described.

Genus AMALIA Moq., 1855.

318. AMALIA HEWSTONI (Coop.). Seattle, Wash, to San Diego

Co., Cal. May be identical with the European A. gagates.

Family ARIONIDJE.

Subfamily Arioninae Pilsbry.

Genus ARION Fer.

319. ARION HORTENSIS Fer. Boston and New Bedford, Mass. ;

Poughkeepsie, N. Y. ; Seattle, Washington. Introduced from

Europe.

THE NAUTILUS. 139

Genus PROPHYSAON W. G. Binney.

320. PROPHYSAON ANDERSONI (Coop.). Middle California to

Vancouver Island.

321. PROPHYSAON FOLIOLATUM (Old.). Seattle, Olympia, and

Puget Sound region, Washington.

322. PROPHYSAON CCERULEUM Ckll. Seattle and Olympia, Wash-

ington.

323. PROPHYSAON FASCIATUM Ckll. Old Mission, Idaho: Che-

halis and Seattle, Washington.

Genus ANADENULUS Cockerel!.

324. ANADENULUS COCKERELLI (Hemph.). Cuyamanca Mts.,

San Diego Co., Cal.

Subfamily Ariolimacinse Pilsbry.

Genus HESPERARION Simroth.

325. HESPERARION NIGER (Coop.). Neighborhood of San

Francisco Bay.

326. HESPERARION HEMPHILLI (W. G. B.). Niles Station, Ala-

raeda Co., California.

Genus APHALLARION Tils. & Van.

327. APHALLARION BUTTONI Pils. & Van. Oakland to Santa

Cruz, Cal. (Ariolimax hecoxl Weth., undescribed, is said to be the

same).

Genus ARIOLIMAX Morch.

328. ARIOLIMAX COLUMBIANUS (Gld.). Middle Cal. to British

Columbia. The black-blotched form maculatus Ckll. occurs through-

out the same range.

328a. ARIOLIMAX COLUMBIANUS STRAMINEUS Hemph. Santa

Cruz Island, Cal.

329. ARIOLIMAX CALIFORNICUS Cooper. San Mateo, Santa

Clara and Santa Cruz counties, California.

Genus HEMPHILLIA Binn. & Bid.

330. HEMPHILLIA GLANDULOSA B. & B. Puget Sound region

to Astoria, Oregon.

331. HEMPHILLIA CAMELUS Pils. & Van. Old Mission, Idaho.

LIBRARY

140 THE NAUTILUS.

Genus BINNEYA Cooper.

332. BINNEYA NOTABILIS Cooper. Santa Barbara Island, Cal. ;

Guadelupe I., Lower Cal.

Family PHILOMYCrLXSl.

Genus PHILOMYCUS (Raf.) Fer.

333. PHILOMYCUS CAROLINENSIS (Bosc). Canada to Florida,

west to Iowa arid Texas.

Subgenus Pallifera Morse, 1864.

334. PHILOMYCUS DORSALisBinn. New England and New York.

335. PHILOMYCUS WETHERBYI (W. G. B.). AVhitley Co., Ky.

336. PHILOMYCUS HEMPHILLI ( W. G. B.). Mt. Mitchell, N. C. ;

Lula, Hall Co., Ga.

337. PHILOMYCUS PENNSYLVANICUS Pils. Mountains of southern

Pennsylvania.

Family ENDODONTIDJE Pilsbry.

Subfamily Endodontinse Pils.

Genus PYRAMIDULA Fitzinger, 1833.

Subgenus Patula Held, 1837.

338. PYRAMIDULA ALTERNATA (Say). Quebec and Ontario to

Minnesota, south to Comal Co., Texas.

Forms fergusoni Bid. and carinata auct. are distinguishable.

338a. PYRAMIDULA ALTERNATA MORDAX (Shuttl.). West Vir-

ginia, East Tennessee.

339. PYRAMIDULA CUMBERLANDIANA (Lea). Marion and

Franklin counties, Tenn. ; Jackson Co., Ala. ; n.-w. Georgia.

340. PYRAMIDULA SOLITARIA (Say). Ohio and central Mississ-

ippi Valleys, south to Arkansas ; Northern Idaho, Eastern Oregon.

The Western form has been called var. occidentalis v. Martens, but

it has only slight differential characters.

340a. PYRAMIDULA SOLITARIA LIMITARIS Dawson. Waterton

Lake, Rocky Mts., British America.

341. PYRAMIDULA STRIGOSA (Old.). Rocky Mt. region and

Great Basin, from State of Sonora, Mexico, north to Wyoming and

Washington.

341a. PYRAMIDULA STRIGOSA IDAHOENSIS (Newc.). Idaho, be-

tween Idaho City and Coeur d'Alene.

341b. PYRAMIDULA STRIGOSA NEWCOMBI (Hemph.). North of

Ogden, Utah. Form wasatchensis Hemph., near Ogden.

THE NAUTILUS. 141

341c. PYRAMIDULA STRIGOSA BINNEYI (Hemph.). Box Elder

Co., Utah. Forms cooperi, multicostata, castanea, albofasciata and

buttoni Hemph., same locality. Form youldi Hemph., bauks of

Bear River, north of Brigham City, Utah.

341 d. PYRAMIDULA STRIGOSA (Gld.) typical. Spokane, Wash-

ington. Var. parma Hemphill is a synonym.

341e. PYRAMIDULA STRIGOSA JUGALIS (Hemph.). Salmon

River, Idaho. Form inters urn Hemph., same locality.

341 f. PYRAMIDULA STRIGOSA SUBCARINATA (Hemph.). Rath-

drum, Idaho. Includes forms subcarinata, bicolor, lactea and picta

Hemph.

341g. PYRAMIDULA STRIGOSA COOPERI (W. G. B.). Colorado,

etc. Form globulosa Ckll., Summit Co.. trifasciata Ckll., Mesa Co.,

confluens Ckll., Custer, Garfield and Mesa Cos., elevata Ckll., Delta

Co., major Ckll., Mesa Co., minor Ckll. near Egeria, Routt Co., all

Colorado.

341h. PYRAMIDULA STRIGOSA IOWENSIS Pils. Loess at Iowa

City, Iowa (extinct).

341i. PYRAMIDULA STRIGOSA CONCENTRATA Ball. Summits of

the Hachita Grande and Huachuca Mts., New Mexico and Ari-

zona.

341j. PYRAMIDULA STRIGOSA HAYDENI (Gabb). Utah. Form

hemphilli Newc., Arizona, Nevada, Idaho, Utah and Colorado ;

form gabbiana Hemph., Near Salt Lake City ; form biuneri Ancey

(oquirrhensis Hemph.), Oquirrh Mts., Utah ; form hybrida Hemph.,

near Logan, Utah.

Subgenus Gonyodiscus Fitz.

342. PYRAMIDULA PERSPECTIVA (Say). Minnesota to Texas,

east to the Atlantic, but wanting from the Middle States east of the

Allegheuies, and from New England, Canada.

343. PYRAMIDULA BRYANTI (Harper). Mitchell Co., N. C.

344. PYRAMIDULA STRIATELLA (Anth.). Ontario to Wiunepeg,

Manitoba, Montana and Vancouver Id., south to New Mexico and

Arizona. Kern River region, Cal.

344a. PYRAMIDULA STRIATELLA CATSKILLENSIS Pils. Tanners-

ville valley, Catskill Mts.

344b. PYRAMIDULA STRIATELLA CRONKHITEI (Newc.). Klamath

valley, Oregon. Nevada and California.

142 THE NAUTILUS.

Subgenus Planogyra Morse, 1864.

345. PYRAMIDULA ASTERISCUS (Morse). Quebec, Ont. and Maine

(to Vancouver Island?).

Genus HELICODISCUS Morse, 1864.

346. HELICODISCUS LINEATUS (Say). Ontario and Quebec to

Florida, west to Rio Chama and White Oaks, New Mexico.

347. HELICODISCUS FIMBRIATUS Wetherby. Tellico Plains, Tenn.

A variety is reported from Indian Territory.

Subfamily Punctinse ( Vd Polyplacognaiha).

Genus PUNCTUM Morse.

348. PUNCTUM PYGM^UM (Drap.). Quebec, Manitoba and

northern States ; Texas; California, Vancouver Id.

349. PUNCTUM RANDOLPHII (Dal!). Seattle, Washington.

350. PUNCTUM CONSPECTUM (Bid.). Middle California to Van-

couver Id. and Sitka.

350a. PUNCTUM CONSPECTUM PASADENA Pils. Pasadena, Cali-

fornia.

351. PUNCTUM CLAPPI Pilsbry. Seattle and Tacoma, Washington ;

Salem, Oregon.

352. PUNCTUM CALIFORNICUM Pilsbry. Fish Camp, Fresno Co.

Cal.

Genus SPHYKADIUM ('harp.

353. SPHYRADIUM EDENTULUM (Drap.). Ontario to Vancouver

Id. Vertigo simplex Old. A longer cylindrical form, alticola Inger-

soll, occurs in the Rocky Mts., Colorado, etc., and Mississippi valley

Loess.

(Superfami ly EL A SMO GNA THA .)

Family SUCCINEIDJE.

Genus SUCCINEA Drap.

(Amphibince.)

(The species of this section are variable and extremely difficult to

define from the shells alone, and the soft anatomy is as yet practic-

ally unknown).

354. SUCCINEA SALLEANA Pfr. New Orleans and Alexandria,

La. ; Gloucester, N. J.

355. SUCCINEA EFFUSA "Shutt." Pfr. Florida.

THE NAUTILUS. 143

356. SUCCINEA SILLIMANI Bid. Nevada, California.

357. SUCCINEA HIGGINSI Bid. Put-in Bay, Lake Erie.

358. SUCCINEA RETUSA Lea. Canada to Montana, southward to

Georgia. Includes S. ovalis GId. not Say, S.forsheyi Lea, S.wilsoni

Lea, S. calumttensis Calkins, S. peoriensis Wolf.

358a. SUCCINEA RETUSA MAGISTER Pils. Mississippi valley from

Tennessee to Minnesota : Michigan.

358b. SUCCINEA RETUSA DECAMPI Tryon. Michigan.

359. SUCCINEA NUTTALLIANA Lea. Washington to California.

360. SUCCINEA HAYDENI W. G. Binn. Nebraska to Utah. A

form minor W. G. B. is recorded from Great Slave Lake.

361. SUCCINEA HAWKINSI Baird. Lake Osovoos, B. C.

V

(Neritostomce.~)

362. SUCCINEA OBLIQUA Say. Canada to Montana, south to

Nebraska, Arkansas and Georgia.

362a. SUCCINEA OBLIQUA TOTTENIANA Lea. Canada to Middle

States.

(Campestres.)

363. SUCCINEA CAMPESTRIS Say. Georgia and Florida. S. in-

flata Lea is a synonym.

363a. SUCCINEA CAMPESTRIS UNICOLOR Tryon. New Orleans,

La.

364. SUCCINEA LUTEOLA Gld. Texas; western Florida to the

Keys.

365. SUCCINEA CONCORDIALIS Gld. Lake Concordia, Texas.

366. SUCCINEA GROSVENORII Lea. Louisiana, Mississippi and

Texas north through Kansas and Nebraska to Great Slave Lake ;

Colorado, Montana and Utah. Synonyms are S. lineata Binn. not

DeKay, mooresiana Lea, greeri Tryon. Forms elongata (Kremml-

iug, Colo.) and rufescens Ckll. (Lee Co., Texas) are described.

(-Licence.)

367. SUCCINEA AVAR A Say. Canada to Georgia, west to Minn.,

Mont., Utah, Texas, California. Forms alba Ckll., Custer Co., Col.

wardiana Lea, vermetu Say, cnmpncta Ckll., major Binn. are de-

scribed.

368. SuccrxEA AIJREA Lea. New York, Ohio. S. haleana'Lea,

Alexandria, La., is probably synonymous.

369. SUCCINEA VERRILLI Bland. Anticosti Island.

144 THE NAUTILUS.

370. SUCCINEA OREGONENSIS Lea. San Diego to Oregon ; Utah ;

jdaho.

370a. SUCCINEA OREGONENSIS GABBI Tryon. Utah, Wyoming,

eastern Oregon.

371. SUCCINEA RUSTICANA Old. Oregon, Cal., Nevada.

372. SUCCINEA STRETCHIANA Bid. Nevada, Idaho, Cal.

373. SUCCINEA GROENLANDICA Beck. Greenland.

(Lautce.*)

374. SUCCINEA CHRYSIS Westerl. Port Clarence, St. Michaels

and Kadiak, Alaska.

374a. SUCCINEA CHRYSIS AURELIA Martens. Port Clarence,

Alaska.

374b. SUCCINEA ANNEXA Westerl. Port Clarence, Alaska.

These three are probably mere variations of one species. They be-

long to an Asiatic group of the genus. S. chrysis occurs also on the

Siberian side of the strait.

Suborder Teletremata Pilsbry.

Family VAGINULID.SJ.

Genus VAGINULUS Fer.

375. VAGINULUS FLORIDANUS Binn. Florida Keys, Charlotte

Harbor and Punta Rassa.

VAGINULUS ? Lobitos, Cal. (Stearns, as V.olivacea).

[NOTE. — The family Onchidiidce belongs to this suborder, but as

its species are not really terrestrial in habit, it is omitted from this

list of land snails. The AuriculidcB, and especially Caryehium, and

Pomatiopsis lapidaria, might with greater propriety be included ;

but it has been thought best to omit them.].

UPON THE PRINCIPLES OF NOMENCLATURE AND THEIR APPLI-

CATION TO THE GENERA OF RECENT MOLLUSCA, by J. Cosmo

Melvill; being the Presidential Address delivered before the Con-

chological Society of Great Britain, September 19, 1896. This ad-

dress embodies a very readable sketch of the history of nomenclature,

from the pre-Linnsean authors to the present time, with a list of

molluscan genera about the names of which difference of opinion

exists, observations upon the nomenclature of certain genera, and

suggestions for the betterment in the future of the existing condi-

tion of the subject.

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copj-.

THE

NAUTILU

A MONTHLY *?/f.

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

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EDITOR:

H. A. PILSERY, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR :

C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science.

Vol. XI.

MAY, 1897.

No. 1

CONTENTS :

PACK.

UVANILLA REGINA, A NEW LOCALITY. By Robt. E. C. Stearns. . . 1

ON A NEW FORM OF POLYGYRA FROM NEW MEXICO. By W. H. Dall. . 2

CONCHOLOGICAL NOTES FROM LOUISIANA. By Lorraine S. Frierson. . 3

CONTRIBUTION TO A KNOWLEDGE OF UNITED STATES UNIONID^. By S.

Hart Wright. . 4

LIST OF MOLLUSKS COLLECTED IN MALDONADO BAY, URUGUAY, BY DR.

WM. H. RUSH, U. S. N. By Henry A. Pilsbry.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

. 6

. . .9

FRESH WATER SHELLS IN THE NORTHEAST OF MAINE. By Olof O. Ny-

lander. ............ 9

To SUBSCRIBERS. 12

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad'a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

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Vol. XI.

JUNE, 1897.

No. 2

CONTENTS :

PAGE.

HELICINA DYSONI. By Charles T. Simpson. . . .13

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ACTAEON FROM THE QUARTERNARY

BLUFFS OF SPANISH BIGHT, SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA. By Robert E.

C. Stearns. ........... 14

NOTES ON AGRIOLIMAX. By T. D. A. Cockerell. ... .15

DESCRIPTION OF THREE NEW EULOT/E (HELICES) FROM CENTRAL ASIA.

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ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT. . 23

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fine crystals, minerals, fossils or marine curios.

MRS. E. C. WISWALL, Kenosha, Wis.

FOR EXCHANGE: — Land, fresh water and marine shells, (many

rare species offered) for species not in my collection. List first.

C. F. ANCEY, administrateur — adjoint, Dra-el Mizan, Algeria.

FOR EXCHANGE : — A large number of minerals, fossils and

shells. For named marine and fresh-water shells.

H. B. DERR, 6561 Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111.

FOR EXCHANGE: — About 70 species of Unios including many

rare southern varieties. W. S. STRODE, M. D., Lewiston, 111.

WANTED: — Say, Biuney, 1858 Ed. Col. pi. — Am. Journ. Conch.

OFFERED : — Lea's Obs. vol. V, Tryon's Strepomatidce, Wood's

Index Test. Lamarck's great work with hundreds of fine steel plates,

200-300 species shells, uncommonly fine minerals, Webster's unabr.

Diet. 1884 — almost new — etc., etc., etc. Write for list of other

things offered. DR. R. J. KIRKLAND, 85 Shelton St.,

Grand Rapids, Mich.

THE NAUTILUS. Ill

The Natural Science Journal

A Monthly Publication Devoted

to the Natural Sciences.

Departments in Anthropology, Botany, Conchology, Microscopy, Geology,

Mineralogy, Ornithology, Oology, Physiology, and Hygiene, also

an Exchange and Want column, with other Special Features.

Subscriptions ONE DOLLAR Per Year.

AN EXCELLENT LOW PRICED ADVERTISING

MEDIUM.

Published by <•—

The Atlantic Scientific Bureau,

1036 ACUSHNET AVENUE, New Bedford, Mass.

Bargains in Land and Marine Shells.

Rare and Choice Specimens offered at the lowest prices. Satis-

faction guaranteed or money refunded. Every specimen correctly

classified. Send list of desiderata.

JAMES A. HARKINS, Atlantic City, N. J.

Shells, Marine Curios, &c. ^^E^^S

low prices and should you wish anything from this section, let me hear

from you. All inquiries will have a prompt reply.

J. H. HOLMES, DUNEDIN, FLA.

R. FR1EDLANDER & SOHN,

CARLSTRASSE 11,

BERLIN, N. W., GERMANY.

Reduced in price from $16.00 to $10.00, postage included.

Dr. C. A. WESTERLUND'S

Fauna der in der palsearktischeu Region lebenden Binnen-Con-

chylien.

(The Palwarctic fresh water and terrestrial Mollusk Fauna.)

2 volumes (in 7 parts), with 2 supplements, 1886-90, 2,061 pages

in Royal Octavo.

The chief modern work on Conchology.

Please apply for our CONCHOLOGICAL CATALOGUE (106 pages with

3,925 titles), which will be sent free.

IV THE NAUTILUS.

THE MANUAL OF CONCHOLOQY.

Founded by the late Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., continued under the care of the Con-

chological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Henry A.

Pilsbry, Conservator.

The Manual of Conchology is a. fully illustrated monography of recent mollusks.

Issued in octavo form, in quarterly parts. Each part comprises 64 (or more )

pages of letterpress, and 15 to 20 plates.

Two series are now in progress : the FIRST SERIES, Marine Univalves, of which

sixteen volumes have appeared, finishing the series as planned by its illustrious

founder. A supplemental volume to this series will be issued this year, to contain

some families not heretofore considered. Of the SF.COND SERIES, Terrestrial

Molluscs, Ten Volumes have been published, completing Helix with index. A few

copies of Vol. IX of this series, " Guide to the Study of Helices " will be sold separ-

ately at the regular subscription price. Separate copies of the Index, suitable for

the purposes of a Catalogue or Check list can also be had at $1.00 each.

The Monography of the Bulimi has been commenced in the tenth volume.

The illustrations of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully

equal to the best figures of shells published.

Prices :— Plain (uncolored) edition $3.00 per part. Colored edition $5.00 per part.

Fine edition (both colored and India-tinted plates) $8.00 per part.

Structural and Systematic Conchology, by GEO W. TRYON, Jr.

A COMPLETE CONCHOLOGICAL TEXT BOOK of 1200 pages, 140 plates and over 3500

figures of Genera, Anatomy, etc. Three volumes bound in one. Cloth. Price $6.00.

For further information or descriptive circular, with sample plates of Manual,

address :

S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer,

P. 0. Address, GLEN RIDGE, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A.

"The American Naturalist."

MANAGING EDITORS !

PROF. E. D. COPE, Philadelphia, Pa., and Dr. F. C. KENYON, Washington, D. C.

ASSOCIATE EDITORS;

DR. C. E. BESSEY, of The University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb.

DR. H. C. MERCER, of The University of Pennsylvania.

PROF. C M. WEED, College of N. H., Hanover, N. H.

PROF. W S. BAYLEY, of Colby University, Waterville, Me.

Pi'.OF. E. A. ANDREWS, of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.

PROF. A. C. GILL. Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

PROF. H. C. WARREN, Princeton University, Princeton, N. J.

ERWIN F. SMITH, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

SAMPLE COPY, 15 CENTS.

THE EDWARDS & DOCKER CO.,

518-520 MINOR ST. PHILADELPHIA, IT. S. A.

HUGH FULTON,

DEALER IN

Rsccnt Shells.

'",*- -^ -~j" '

About 10,000 species in stock. The finest stock of land-shells of any

dealer. Only carefully authenticated and first-class specimens sent out.

Exchanges Made. Collections Purchased.

216 Kings Road, London, England.

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy.

THE

NAUTILUS*

^^Sfc

"S3 A0-^-^ V>

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR :

H. A. PILSBRY, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR :

C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science.

Vol. XI.

JULY, 1897.

No. 3

CONTENTS :

PAGE.

SYNOPSIS OF THE PINNID^E OF THE UNITED STATES AND WEST INDIES.

By Wm. H. Ball. . . . . .25

ON Two SO-CALLED " BULIMI " FROM THE NEW HEBRIDES. By C. F.

Ancey. . . 26

A NEW CANCELLARIA FROM THE ALABAMA EOCENE. By T. H. Aldrich. '27

ON A COLLECTION OF MOLLUSKS FROM GRAND TOWER, ILLINOIS. By

Frank C. Baker.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

NOTES AND NEWS.

RECENT PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. . • 34

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad'a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

11 THE NAUTILUS.

BACK VOLUMES OF THE NAUTILUS.

Vol. IV. May, 1890 to April, 1891, . $1.00

Vol. V. May, 1891 to April, 1892, . 1.00

Vol. VI. May, 1892 to April, 1893, . 1.00

Vol. VII. May, 1893 to April, 1894, . 1.00

Vol. VIII. May, 1894 to April, 1895. . 1.00

Vol. IX. May, 1895 to April, 1896. . 1.00

Vol. X. May, 1896 to April, 1897. . 1.00

Of Vols. I and II, which were known as the " Concholog ist' s Ex-

change," and Vol. Ill of THE NAUTILUS, we can furnish odd

numbers only.

Extras of August and September number, (1895) containing an

Index to the Conchologists' Exchange for binding with the latter,

will be furnished at 10 cents per copy.

Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of $1.OO per

inch for each insertion in advance. Smaller space in propor-

tion. A discount of 25 per cent, will be made on insertions of

six months or longer. In order to have the paper out promptly,

" copy " is put in the printer's hands on the 20th of each

month.

Address, C. W. JOHNSON,

WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE,

Philadelphia, Pa.

EXCHANGES,

The following space is to be given to exchanges. Notices not

exceeding three lines, will be free to subscribers as long as our

limit of space will allow.

FOR EXCHANGE : — Planorbis naidileus Lin., P. aroostookensensis

Pils. and other land and fresh water shells of Northern Maine. For

land, fresh water and marine shells.

OLOF O. NYLANDER, Caribou, Maine.

FOR EXCHANGE : — Land and fresh water shells of southern Wis.

for some from other localities. WANTED : — Unio tuberculatm opals,

fine crystals, minerals, fossils or marine curios.

MRS. E. C. WISWALL, Kenosha, Wis.

FOR EXCHANGE: — Land, fresh water and marine shells, (many

rare species offered) for species not in my collection. List first.

C. F. ANCEY, admiuistrateur — adjoint, Dra-el Mizan, Algeria.

FOR EXCHANGE : — About 70 species of Unios including many

rare southern varieties. W. S. STRODE, M. D., Lewiston, 111.

WANTED: — North American Linnceidce in sets from various local-

ities. OFFERED : — Marine shells from Florida and land and fresh

water shells from Chicago. FRANK C. BAKER,

Academy of Sciences, Lincoln Park, Chicago, 111.

WANTED: — No. 7, Vol. Ill, of THE NAUTILUS. OFFERED :—

Other Conchological papers.

M. M. SCHEPMANN, Rhoon near Rotterdam, Netherland.

THE NAUTILUS. Ill

The Natural Science Journal

A Monthly Publication Devoted

to the Natural Sciences.

.Departments in Anthropology, Botany, Conchology, Microscopy, Geology,

Mineralogy, Ornithology, Oology, Physiology, and Hygiene, also

an Exchange and Want column, with other Special Features.

Subscriptions ONE DOLLAR Per Year.

AN EXCELLENT LOW PRICED ADVERTISING

MEDIUM.

Published by •

The Atlantic Scientific Bureau,

1036 ACUSHNET AVENUE, New Bedford, Mass.

Bargains in Land and Marine Shells.

Rare and Choice Specimens offered at the lowest prices. Satis-

faction guaranteed or money refunded. Every specimen correctly

classified. Send list of desiderata.

JAMES A. HARKINS, Atlantic City, N. J.

mipll<5 Marine CliriO<? &C I am now ready to sup-

^neiife, war ic v^unufc, <xu. p]y firstclass stock at

low prices and should you wish anything from this section, let me hear

from you. All inquiries will have a prompt reply.

J. H. HOLMES, DUNEDIN, FLA.

R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN,

CARLSTRASSE 11,

BERLIN, N. W., GERMANY.

Reduced in price from $16.00 to $10.00, postage included.

Dr. C. A, WESTERLUND'S

Fauna der in der palsearktischen Region lebenden Binnen-Con-

chylien.

(The Pala?arctic fresh water and terrestrial Mollusk Fauna.)

2 volumes (in 7 parts), with 2 supplements, 1886-90, 2,061 pages

in Royal Octavo.

The chief modern work on Conchology.

Please apply for our CONCHOLOGICAL CATALOGUE (106 pages with

3925 titles), which will be sent free.

IV THE NAUTILUS.

THE MANUAL OP CONCHOLOQY.

Founded by the late Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., continued under the care of the Con-

chological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Henry A.

Pilsbry, Conservator.

The Manual of Conchology is a. fully illustrated monography of recent mollusks.

Issued in octavo form, in quarterly parts. Each part comprises 64 (or more )

pages of letterpress, and 15 to 20 plates.

Two series are now in progress : the FIRST SERIES, Marine Univalves, of which

sixteen volumes have appeared, finishing the series as planned by its illustrious

founder. A supplemental volume to this series will be issued this year, to contain

some families not heretofore considered. Of the SECOND SERIES, Terrestrial

Molluscs, Ten Volumes have been published, completing Helix with index. A few

copies of Vol. IX of this series, " Guide to the Study of Helices " will be sold separ-

ately at the regular subscription price. Separate copies of the Index, suitable for

the purposes of a Catalogue or Check list can also be had at $1.00 each.

The Monography of the Bulimi has been commenced in the tenth volume.

The illustrations of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully

equal to the best figures of shells published.

Prices :— Plain (uncolored) edition $3.00 per part. Colored edition $5.00 per part.

Fine edition (both colored and India-tinted plates) $8.00 per part.

Structural and Systematic Conchology, by GEO W. TRYON, Jr.

A COMPLETE CONCHOLOGICAL TEXT BOOK of 1200 pages, 140 plates and over 3500

figures of Genera, Anatomy, etc. Three volumes bound in one Cloth. Price $6.00.

For further information or descriptive circular, with sample plates of Manual,

address :

S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer,

P. 0. Address, GLEN RIDGE, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A.

"The American Naturalist."

MANAGING EDITORS :

PROF. E. D. COPE, Philadelphia, Pa., and Dr. F. C. KENYON, Washington, D. C.

ASSOCIATE EDITORS:

DR. C. E. BESSEY, of The University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb.

DR. H. C. MERCER, of The University of Pennsylvania.

PROF. C M. WEED, College of N. H., Hanover, N. H.

PROF. W S BAYLEY, of Colby University, Waterville, Me.

P»OF. E A. ANDREWS, of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.

PROF. A. C. GILL. Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

PROF. H. C. WARREN, Princeton University, Princeton, N. J.

ERWIN F. SMITH, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

SAMPLE COPY, 15 CENTS.

THE EDWARDS &, DOCKER CO.,

518-52O MINOR ST. l> II II V l» I I, r II I \ . U. S. A.

HUGH FULTON,

DEALER IN

Recent Shells.

About 10,000 species in stock. The finest stock of land-shells of any

* dealer. Only carefully authenticated and first-class specimens sent out.

Exchanges Made. Collections Purchased.

216 Kings Road, London, England.

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy.

THE

NAUTILUSgfe

. I \ C

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. PILSBRY, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR :

C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science.

Vol. XI.

AUGUST, 1897.

No. 4

CONTENTS :

PAGE.

NOTES ON LANDSHELLS FROM THE MALAY PENINSULA. By W. H. Dall

ON A NEW HOLOSPIRA FROM TEXAS. By W. H. Dall.

QuARTER-DtCKS AND JINGLES. By Robert E. C. Stearns.

NEW UNIOS. By Berlin A. Wright. . 40

MELANIA YOKOHAMENSIS, N. Sp. By W. D. Hartman.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

NOTES AND NEWS.

RECENT PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

A CLASSIFIED CATALOGUE OF AMERICAN LAND SHELLS, WITH LOCALITIES.

By Henry A. PiUbry. -15

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad'a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

li THE NAUTILUS.

BACK VOLUMES OF THE NAUTILUS.

Vol. IV. May, 1890 to April, 1891, . $1.00

Vol. V. May, 1891 to April, 1892, . 1.00

Vol. VI. May, 1892 to April, 1893, . 1.00

Vol. VII. May, 1893 to April, J 894, . 1.00

Vol. VIII. May, 1894 to April, 1895. . 1.00

Vol. IX. May, 1895 to April, 1896. . 1.00

Vol. X. May, 1896 to April, 1897. . 1.00

Of Vols. I arid II, which were known as the " Conchologist's Ex-

change," and Vol. Ill of THE NAUTILUS, we can furnish odd

numbers only.

Extras of August and September number, (1895) containing an

Index to the Concholo gists' Exchange for binding with the latter,

will be furnished at 10 cents per copy.

Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of $1.OO per

inch for each insertion in advance. Smaller space in propor-

tion. A discount of 25 per cent, will be made on insertions of

six months or longer. In order to have the paper out promptly,

" copy " is put in the printer's hands on the 2Oth of each

month.

Address, C. W. JOHNSON,

WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE,

Philadelphia, Pa.

EXCHANGES^

The following space is to be given to exchanges. Notices not

exceeding three lines, will be free to subscribers as long as our

limit of space will allow.

FOR EXCHANGE : — Planorbis naidileus Lin., P. aroostookensensis

Pils. and other land and fresh water shells of Northern Maine. For

land, fresh water and marine shells.

OLOF 0. NYLANDER, Caribou, Maine.

FOR EXCHANGE : — Land, fresh water and marine shells, (many

rare species offered) for species not in my collection. List first.

C. F. ANCEY, administrateur — adjoint, Dra-el Mizan, Algeria.

FOR EXCHANGE : — About 70 species of Uuios including many

rare southern varieties. W. S. STRODE, M. D., Lewiston, 111.

WANTED : — North American Limnceidce in sets from various local-

ities. OFFERED : — Marine shells from Florida and land and fresh

water shells from Chicago. FRANK C. BAKER,

Academy of Sciences, Lincoln Park, Chicago, 111.

WANTED : — No. 7, Vol. Ill, of THE NAUTILUS. OFFERED : —

Other Conchological papers.

M. M. SCHEPMANN, Rhoon near Rotterdam, Netherland.

NAUTILUS POMPILIUS, decorticated, 8 inches in diameter to ex-

change for one in natural condition.

T. VAN HYNING, Greenwood Park, Des Moines, Iowa.

THE NAUTILUS. Ill

EXCHANGES— Continued.

SLUGS WANTED. — We desire to obtain specimens of Prophysaon

from any locality. Also Ariolimax (Hesperarion) niger and Hemp-

hilli. The latter, described from Niles Station, Alameda Co., Cal.,

we have not yet seen. Also, and especially, Anadenus (Anadenu-

lus) Cockerelli Hemphill, described from Cuyamaca Mts., San Diego

Co., Cal. It is important that these forms be made known anatom-

ically, and anyone who can supply any of them, or in fact any slugs,

will receive due credit therefor in our publication, and, on applica-

tion, we will send the first paper of our " Revision of N. A. Slugs."

Slugs should be drowned in water and then preserved in alcohol

diluted by about one-third its volume of water, or in a 3% solution

of formalin. Alcohol is preferred, especially for small slugs. — H.

A. Pilsbry, Academy Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia,

Pa.

Bargains in Land and Marine Shells.

Rare and Choice Specimens offered at the lowest prices. Satis-

faction guaranteed or money refunded. Every specimen correctly

classified. Send list of desiderata.

JAMES A. HARKINS, Atlantic City, N. J.

Shells, Marine Curios, &c. ^£££?'££tt

low prices and should you wish anything from this section, let me hear

from you. All inquiries will have a prompt reply.

J. H. HOLMES, DUNEDIN, FLA.

R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN,

CARLSTRASSE: 11,

BERLIN, N. W., GERMANY.

Reduced in price from $16.00 to $10.00, postage included.

Dr. C. A. WESTERLUND'S

Fauna der in der palrearktischen Region lebenden Binnen-Con-

chylien.

(The Pala?arctic fresh water and terrestrial Mollusk Fauna.)

2 volumes (in 7 parts), with 2 supplements, 1886-90, 2,061 pages

in Royal Octavo.

The chief modern work on Conchology.

Please apply for our CONCHOLOGICAL CATALOGUE (106 pages with

3,925 titles), which will be sent free.

IV THE NAUTILUS.

THE MANUAL OF CONCHOLOQY.

Founded by the late Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., continued under the care of the Con-

chological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Henry A.

Pilsbry, Conservator.

The Manual of Conchology is a fully illustrated monography of recent mollusks.

Issued in octavo form, in quarterly parts. Each part comprises 64 (or more )

pages of letterpress, and 15 to 20 plates.

Two series are now in progress : the FIRST SERIES, Marine Univalves, of which

sixteen volumes have appeared, finishing the series as planned by its illustrious

founder. A supplemental volume to this series will be issued this year, to contain

some families not heretofore considered. Of the SECOND SERIES, Terrestrial

Molluscs, Ten Volumes have been published, completing Helix with index. A few

copies of Vol. IX of this series, " Guide to the Study of Helices" will be sold separ-

ately at the regular subscription price. Separate copies of the Index, suitable for

the purposes of a Catalogue or Check list can also be had at Si.oo each.

The Monography of the Bulijiii has been commenced in the tenth volume.

The illustrations of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully

equal to the best figures of shells published.

Prices :— Plain (uucolored) edition $3.00 per part. Colored edition $5.00 per part.

Fine edition (both colored and India-tinted plates) SS.oo per part.

Structural and Systematic Conchology, by GEO \V. TRYON, Jr.

A COMPLETE CONCHOLOGICAL TEXT BOOK of 1200 pages, 140 plates and over 3500

figures of Genera, Anatomy, etc. Three volumes bound in one. Cloth. Price J6.oo.

For further information or descriptive circular, with sample plates of Manual,

address :

S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer,

P. 0. Address, GLEN RIDGE, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A.

"The African Naturalist."

MANAGING EDITORS '.

PROF. E. D. COPE, Philadelphia, Pa., and Dr. F. C. KENYON, Washington, D. C.

ASSOCIATE EDITORS;

DR. C. E. BESSEY, of The University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb.

DR. H. C. MERCER, of The University of Pennsylvania.

PROF. C M. WEED, College of N. H., Hanover, N. H.

PROF. W S BAYLEY, of Colby University, Waterville, Me.

PHOF. E. A. ANDREWS, of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.

PROF. A. C. GILL, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

PROF. H. C. WARREN. Princeton University, Princeton, N. J.

ERWIN F. SMITH, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

SAMPLE COPY, 15 CENTS.

THE EDWARDS &, DOCKER CO.,

518-52O MINOR ST. I' SI ! I V l> : ! I' II E t . U. S. A.

HUGH FULTON,

DEALER IN

Bscsnt Shells.

About 10,000 species in stock. The finest stock of land-shells of any

dealer. Only carefully authenticated and first-class specimens sent out.

Exchanges Made. Collections Purchased.

216 Kings Road, London, England.

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy.

THE

NAUTILU

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTEREST:

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. PILSBRY, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR :

C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science.

^LIBRARY a

Vol. XI.

SEPTEMBER, 1897.

No. 5

CONTENTS :

PAGE.

BOLINAS, CALIFORNIA ; THE CONCHOLOGISTS PARADISE.

By Williard M. Wood. 49

NOTE ON A CALIFORNIAN HELIX. By Henry A. Pilsbry. . 54

NEW UNIOS. By Berlin H. Wright. ... . .55

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT. . . . .56

A CLASSIFIED CATALOGUE OF AMERICAN LAND SHELLS, WITH LOCALITIES.

(Continued). By Henry A. Pilsbry. . . 59

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad'a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

11 THE NAUTILUS.

BACK VOLUMES OF THE NAUTILUS.

Vol. IV. May, 1890 to April, 1891, . $1.00

Vol. V. May, 1891 to April, 1892, . 1.00

Vol. VI. May, 1.S92 to April, 1893, . 1.00

Vol. VII. May, 1893 to April, 1894, . 1.00

Vol. VIII. May, 1894 to April, 1895. . 1.00

Vol. IX. May, 1895 to April, 1896. . 1.00

Vol. X. May, 1896 to April, 1897. . 1.00

Of Vols. I and II, which were known as the " Concliologisfs Ex-

chanr/e," and Vol. Ill of THE NAUTILUS, we can furnish odd

numbers only.

Extras of August and September number, (1895) containing an

Index to the Conehologists' Exchange for binding with the latter,

will be furnished at 10 cents per copy.

Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of $1.OO per

inch for each insertion in advance. Smaller space in propor-

tion. A discount of 25 per cent, will be made on insertions of

six months or longer. In order to have the paper out promptly,

" copy " is put in the printer's hands on the 2Oth of each

month.

Address, C. W. JOHNSON,

WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE,

Philadelphia, Pa.

EXCHANGES,

The following space is to be given to exchanges. Notices not

exceeding three lines, will be free to subscribers as long as our

limit of space will allow.

FOR EXCHANGE : — Planorbis nautileus Liu., P. aroostookensensis

Pils. and other land and fresh water shells of Northern Maine. For

land, fresh water and marine shells.

OLOF O. NYLANDER, Caribou, Maine.

FOR EXCHANGE: — Land, fresh water and marine shells, (many

rare species offered) for species not in my collection. List first.

C. F. ANCEY, administrateur — adjoint, Dra-el Mizan, Algeria.

FOR EXCHANGE : — About 70 species of Uuios including many

rare southern varieties. W. S. STRODE, M. D., Lewiston, 111.

WANTED : — North American Limneeidce in sets from various local-

ities. OFFERED : — Marine shells from Florida and land and fresh

water shells from Chicago. FRANK C. BAKER,

Academy of Sciences, Lincoln Park, Chicago, 111.

WANTED: — No. 7, Vol. Ill, of THE NAUTILUS. OFFERED : —

Other Conchological papers.

M. M. SCHEPMANN, Rhoon near Rotterdam, Netherland.

NAUTILUS POMPILIUS, decorticated, 8 inches in diameter to ex-

change for one in natural condition.

T. VAN HYNING, Greenwood Park, Des Moines, Iowa.

THK NAUTILUS. Ill

EXCHANGES— Continued.

SLUGS WANTED. — We desire to obtain specimens of J'rophytaon

from any locality. Also Ariolimax (Hesperarion) niger and He»ij>-

hilli. The latter, described from Niles Station, Alameda Co., Cal.,

we have not yet seen. Also, and especially, Binneya notabilis

Cooper. It is important that these forms be made known anatom-

ically, and anyone who can supply any of them, or in fact any slugs,

will receive due credit therefor in our publication, and, on applica-

tion, we will send the first paper of our " Revision of N. A. Slugs."

Slugs should be drowned in water and then preserved in alcohol

diluted by about one-third its volume of water, or in a 3% solution

of formalin. Alcohol is preferred, especially for small slug*. — H.

A. Pilxbry, Academy Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia,,

Pa.

Bargains in Land and Marine Shells.

Rare and Choice Specimens offered at the lowest prices. Satis-

faction guaranteed or money refunded. Every specimen correctly

classified. Send list of desiderata.

JAMES A. HARKINS, Atlantic City, N. J.

Shells, Marine Curios, &c.

low prices and should you wish anything from this section, let me hear

from you. All inquiries will have a prompt reply.

J. H. HOLMES, DUNEDIN, FLA.

R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN,

CARLSTRASSE 11,

BERLIN, N. W., GERMANY.

Reduced in price from $16.00 to $10.00, postage included.

Dr. C. A. WESTERLUND'S

Fauna der in der palrearktischen Region lebenden Binnen-Con-

chylieu.

(The Palfearctic fresh water and terrestrial Mollusk Fauna.)

2 volumes (in 7 parts), with 2 supplements, 1886-90, 2,061 pages

in Royal Octavo.

The chief modern work on Cotichology.

Please apply for our CONCHOLOGICAL CATALOGUE (106 pages with

3,925 titles), which will be sent free.

IV THE NAUTILUS.

THE MANUAL OF CONCHOLOQY.

Founded by the late Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., continued under the care of the Con-

chological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Henry A.

Pilsbry, Conservator.

The Manual of Conchology is z. fully illustrated monography of recent mollusks.

Issued in octavo form, in quarterly parts. Each part comprises 64 (or more)

pages of letterpress, and 15 to 20 plates. ,

Two series are now in progress : the FIRST SERIES, Marine Univalves, of which

sixteen volumes have appeared, finishing the series as planned by its illustrious

founder. A supplemental volume to this series will be issued this year, to contain

some families not heretofore considered. Of the SKCOND SERIES, Terrestrial

Molluscs, Ten Volumes have been published, completing Helix with index. A few

copies of Vol. IX of this series, "Guide to the Study of Helices" will be sold separ-

ately at the regular subscription price. Separate copies of the Index, suitable for

the purposes of a Catalogue or Check list can also be had at $1.00 each.

The Monography of the Bulimi has beeu commenced in the tenth volume.

The illustrations of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully

equal to the best figures of shells published.

Prices :— Plain (uncolored) edition $3.00 per part. Colored edition $5.00 per part.

Fine edition (both colored and India-tinted plates) $8.00 per part.

Structural and Systematic Conchology, by GEO W. TRYON, Jr.

A COMPLETE CONCHOLOGICAL TEXT BOOK of 1200 pages, 140 plates and over 3500

figures of Genera, Anatomy, etc. Three volumes bound in one. Cloth. Price $6.00.

For further information or descriptive circular, with sample plates of Manual

address :

S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer,

P. 0. Address, GLEN RIDGE, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A.

"The American Naturalist."

MANAGING EDITORS '.

PROF. E. D. COPE, Philadelphia, Pa., and Dr. F. C. KEN YON, Washington, D. C.

ASSOCIATE EDITORS:

DR. C. E. EESSEY, of The University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb.

DR. H. C. MERCER, of The University of Pennsylvania.

PROF. C M. WEED, College of N. H., Hanover, N. H.

PROF. W S. BAYLEY, of Colby University, Waterville, Me.

P»OF. E. A. ANDREWS, of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.

PROF. A. C. GILL, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

PROF. H. C. WARREN, Princeton University, Princeton, N. J.

ERWIN F. SMITH, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

SAMPLE COPY, 15 CENTS.

THE EDWARDS & DOCKER CO.,

518-520 MINOR ST. PHILADELPHIA, V. S. A.

HUGH FULTON,

DEALER IN

Recent Shells.

About 10,00i> species in stock. The finest stock of land-shells of any

dealer. Only carefully authenticated and first-class specimens sent out.

Exchanges Made. Collections Purchased.

216 Kings Road, London, England.

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy.

THE

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY

.

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. Pi LSBRY, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia

ASSOCIATE EDITOR :

C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science.

Vol. XI.

OCTOBER, 1897.

No. 6

CONTENTS :

PAGE.

NEW LAND SHELLS FROM MEXICO AND NEW MEXICO. By W. H. Ball. . 61

ON Two NEW SPECIES OF AMPHIDROMUS. By C. F. Ancey. . . .62

NEW SPECIES OF TERTIARY MOLLUSCA FROM VANCOUVER ISLAND.

By John C. Merriam. 64

EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE . . 66

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT. ... ... .67

GENERAL NOTES. ..... ..... 69

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. . 69

A CLASSIFIED CATALOGUE OF AMERICAN LAND SHELLS, WITH LOCALITIES.

(Continued). By Henry A. Pilsbry 71

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad'a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

H THE NAUTILUS.

BACK VOLUMES OF THE NAUTILUS.

Vol. IV. May, 1890 to April, 1891, . $1.00

Vol. V. May, 1891 to April, 1892, . 1.00

Vol. VI. May, 1892 to April, 1893, . 1.00

Vol. VII. May, 1893 to April, 1894, . 1.00

Vol. VIII. May, 1894 to April, 1895. . 1.00

Vol. IX. May, 1895 to April, 1896. . 1.00

Vol. X. May, 1896 to April, 1897. . 1.00

Of Vols. I and II, which were known as the " Conchologist's Ex-

change," and Vol. Ill of THE NAUTILUS, we can furnish odd

numbers only.

Extras of August and September number, (1895) containing an

Index to the Concholo gists' Exchange for binding with the latter,

will be furnished at 10 cents per copy.

Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of $1.OO per

inch for each insertion in advance. Smaller space in propor-

tion. A discount of 25 per cent, will be made on insertions of

six months or longer. In order to have the paper out promptly,

" copy " is put in the printer's hands on the 2Oth of each

month.

Address, C. W. JOHNSON,

WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE,

Philadelphia, Pa.

EXCHANGES,

The following space is to be given to exchanges. Notices not

exceeding three lines, will be free to subscribers as long as our

limit of space will allow.

FOR EXCHANGE : — Planorbis naidileus Lin., P. aroostookensis

Pils. and other land and fresh water shells of Northern Maine. For

land, fresh water and marine shells.

OLOF O. NYLANDER, Caribou, Maine.

FOR EXCHANGE: — Land, fresh water and marine shells, (many

rare species offered) for species not in my collection. List first.

C. F. ANCEY, administrateur — adjoint, Dra-el Mizan, Algeria.

FOR EXCHANGE : — About 70 species of Uuios including many

rare southern varieties. W. S. STRODE, M. D., Lewiston, 111.

WANTED : — North American Limnceidce in sets from various local-

ities. OFFERED : — Marine shells from Florida and land and fresh

water shells from Chicago. FRANK C. BAKER,

Academy of Sciences, Lincoln Park, Chicago, 111.

WANTED : — No. 7, Vol. Ill, of THE NAUTILUS. OFFERED : —

Other Conchological papers.

M. M. SCHEPMANN, Rhoon near Rotterdam, Netherlaud.

FOR EXCHANGE: — A few sets (12 to 15 variations) of Purpura

lapillus as described in September NAUTILUS, from Pemaquid, Me.

— Nowhere finer. F. C. BROWNE, Box 50, Framingham, Mass.

THE NAUTILUS. Ill

EXCHANGES— Continued.

SLUGS WANTED. — We desire to obtain specimens of Prophysaon

from any locality. Also Ariolimax (Hesperarion) niger and Hemp-

liilli. The latter, described from Niles Station, Alameda Co., Cal.,

we have not yet seen. Also, and especially, Binneya notabilis

Cooper. It is important that these forms be made known anatom-

ically, and anyone who can supply any of them, or in fact any slugs,

will receive due credit therefor in our publication, and, on applica-

tion, we will send the first paper of our " Revision of N. A. Slugs."

Slugs should be drowned in water and then preserved in alcohol

diluted by about one-third its volume of water, or in a 3% solution

of formalin. Alcohol is preferred, especially for small slugs. — H.

A. Pilsbry, Academy Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia,

Pa.

Marine Curios &c l am now ready to SUP-

>, mar ic v^ui iu^, etc. ply first.class 'stock £t

low prices and should you wish anything from this section, let me hear

from you. All inquiries will have a prompt reply.

J. H. HOLMES, DUNEDIN, FLA.

Books from the Press of The Journal

Publishing Co.

MKRIDEN, CONN.

CONNECTICUT HISTORICAL SERIES.

History of Plymouth, Conn.

450 octavo pages, profusely illustrated. A valuable Histor-

ical Work. Cloth, $3.00 post-paid. 3rd Edition.

History of Kent, Conn.

176 octavo pages, fully illustrated, of great value to gene-

ologists. Cloth, $3.00 post-paid.

Souvenir History of Bristol, Conn.

Quarto, 250 fine halftone illustrations. Paper, 50c. post-paid.

Souvenir History of Wallingford, Conn.

Quarto, finely illustrated. Paper, 35c. post-paid. 2nd

Edition.

Souvenir History of Meriden, Conn.

Quarto, nearly 300 fine illustrations. Paper, 25c. post-paid.

3rd Edition. "

Report of America's Relief Expedition to Asia Minor,

by Miss Clara Barton, President American National

Red Cross.

143 pages, fully illustrated. Paper, 30c.

THE JOURNAL PUBLISHING CO.,

MERIDEN, CONN.

IV

THE NAUTILUS.

THE MANUAL OF CONCHOLOQY.

Founded by the late Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., continued under the care of the Con-

chological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Henry A.

Pilsbry, Conservator.

The Manual of Conchology is a.fully illustrated monography of recent mollusks.

Issued in octavo form, in quarterly parts. Each part comprises 64 (or more)

pages of letterpress, and 15 to 20 plates.

Two series are now in progress : the FIRST SERIES, Marine Univalves, of which

sixteen volumes have appeared, finishing the series as planned by its illustrious

founder. A supplemental volume to this series will be issued this year, to contain

some families not heretofore considered. Of the SECOND SERIES, Terrestrial

Molluscs, Ten Volumes have been published, completing Helix with index. A few

copies of Vol. IX of this series, " Guide to the Study of Helices" will be sold separ-

ately at the regular subscription price. Separate copies of the Index, suitable for

the purposes of a Catalogue or Check list can also be had at $1.00 each.

The Monography of the Buliini has been commenced in the tenth volume.

The illustrations of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully

equal to the best figures of shells published.

Prices: — Plain (uncolored) edition $3.00 per part. Colored edition $5.00 per part.

Fine edition (both colored and India-tinted plates) $8.00 per part.

Structural and Systematic Conchology, by GEO W. TRYON, Jr.

A COMPLETE CONCHOLOGICAL TEXT BOOK of 1200 pages, 140 plates and over 3500

figures of Genera, Anatomy, etc. Three volumes bound in one. Cloth. Price $6.00.

For further information or descriptive circular, with sample plates of Manual

address :

S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer,

P. 0. Address, GLEN RIDGE, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A.

"The American Naturalist."

MANAGING EDITORS \

PROF. E. D. COPE, Philadelphia, Pa., and Dr. F. C. KENYON, Washington, D. C.

ASSOCIATE EDITORS:

DR. C. E. BESSEY, of The University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb.

DR. H. C. MERCER, of The University of Pennsylvania.

PROF. C. M. WEED, College of N. H., Hanover, N. H.

PROF. W S. BAYLEY, of Colby University, Waterville, Me.

PHOF. E. A. ANDREWS, of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.

PROF. A. C. GILL, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

PROF. H. C. WARREN, Princeton University, Princeton, N. J.

ERWIN F. SMITH, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

SAMPLE COPY, 15 CENTS.

THE EDWARDS & DOCKER CO.,

518-52O >l I vois ST. m 1 1 \ m I rn i \. u. S. A..

HUGH FULTON,

DEALER IN

Recent Shells.

About 10,000 species in stock. The finest stock of land-shells of any

dealer. Only carefully authenticated and first-class specimens sent out.

Exchanges Made. Collections Purchased.

216 Kings Road, London, England.

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy.

THE

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. PILSBRY, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR :

C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science.

Vol. XI.

NOVEMBER, 1897.

No. 7

CONTENTS :

PAGE.

NEW SPECIES OF MEXICAN LAND SHELLS. By W. H. Ball. . . 73

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW VARIETY OF LAND SHELL FROM IDAHO.

By Henry Hemphill. 74

NOTES ON SLUGS. By T. D. A. Cockerell. . . 75

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT. ... . . .80

NOTES AND NEWS 81

A CLASSIFIED CATALOGUE OF AMERICAN LAND SHELLS, WITH LOCALITIES.

(Continued). By Henry A. Pilsbry. . . .83

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad'a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

11 THE NAUTILUS.

BACK VOLUMES OF THE NAUTILUS.

Vol. IV. May, 1890 to April, 1891, . $1.00

Vol. V. May, 1891 to April, 1892, . 1.00

Vol. VI. May, 1892 to April, 1893, . 1.00

Vol. VII. May, 1893 to April, J 894, . 1.00

Vol. VIII. May, 1894 to April, 1895. . 1.00

Vol. IX. May, 1895 to April, 1896. . 1.00

Vol. X. May, 1896 to April, 1897. . 1.00

Of Vols. I and II, which were known as the " Conchologist's Ex-

change," and Vol. Ill of THE NAUTILUS, we can furnish odd

numbers only.

Extras of August and September number, (1895) containing an

Index to the Conchologists' Exchange for binding with the latter,

will be furnished at 10 cents per copy.

Advertisements -will be inserted at the rate of $1.OO per

inch for each insertion in advance. Smaller space in propor-

tion. A discount of 25 per cent, will be made on insertions of

six months or longer. In order to have the paper out promptly,

" copy " is put in the printer's hands on the 2Oth of each

month.

Address, C. W. JOHNSON,

WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE,

Philadelphia, Pa.

EXCHANGES,

The following space is to be given to exchanges. Notices not

exceeding three lines, will be free to subscribers as long as our

limit of space will allow.

FOR EXCHANGE : — Plauorbis nautlleus Liu., P. aroostookensis

Pils, and other land and fresh water shells of Northern Maine. For

land, fresh water and marine shells.

OLOF O. NYLANDER, Caribou, Maine.

FOR EXCHANGE: — Land, fresh water and marine shells, (many

rare species offered) for species not in my collection. List first.

C. F. ANCEY, administrateur — adjoint, Dra-el Mizan, Algeria.

FOR EXCHANGE : — About 70 species of Unios including many

rare southern varieties. W. S. STRODE, M. D., Lewiston, 111.

WANTED : — North American Limnceidce in sets from various local-

ities. OFFERED : — Marine shells from Florida and land and fresh

water shells from Chicago. FRANK C. BAKER,

Academy of Sciences, Lincoln Park, Chicago, 111.

WANTED: — No. 7, Vol. Ill, of THE NAUTILUS. OFFERED:—

Other Conchological papers.

M. M. SCHEPMANN, Rhoon near Rotterdam, Netherland.

FOR EXCHANGE: — A few sets (12 to 15 variations) of Purpura

lapillus as described in September NAUTILUS, from Pemaquid, Me.

—Nowhere finer. F. C. BROWNE, Box 50, Framingham, Mass.

THE NAUTILUS. Ill

EXCHANGES— Continued.

SLUGS WANTED. — We desire to obtain specimens of Prophysaon

from any locality. Also Ariolimax (Hesperariori) niger and Hemp-

hilli. The latter, described from Niles Station, Alameda Co., Cal.,

we have not yet seen. Also, and especially, Binneya notabilis

Cooper. It is important that these forms be made known anatom-

ically, and anyone who can supply any of them, or in fact any slugs,

will receive due credit therefor in our publication, and, on applica-

tion, we will send the first paper of our " Revision of N. A. Slugs."

Slugs should be drowned in water and then preserved in alcohol

diluted by about one-third its volume of water, or in a 3% solution

of formalin. Alcohol is preferred, especially for small slugs. — H.

A. Pilsbry, Academy Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia,

Pa.

I am now ready to sup-

ply first.class ^stock £t

low prices and should you wish anything from this section, let me hear

from you. All inquiries will have a prompt reply.

J. H. HOLMES, DUNEDIN, FLA.

Books from the Press of The Journal

Publishing Co.

NIERIDEN, CONN.

CONNECTICUT HISTORICAL SERIES.

History of Plymouth, Conn.

450 octavo pages, profusely illustrated. A valuable Histor-

ical Work. Cloth, $3.00 post-paid. 3rd Edition.

History of Kent, Conn.

176 octavo pages, fully illustrated, of great value to gene-

ologists. Cloth, $3.00 post-paid.

Souvenir History of Bristol, Conn.

Quarto, 250 fine halftone illustrations. Paper, 50c. post-paid.

Souvenir History of Wallingford, Conn.

Quarto, finely illustrated. Paper, 35c. post-paid. 2nd

Edition.

Souvenir History of Meriden, Conn.

Quarto, nearly 300 fine illustrations. Paper, 25c. post-paid.

3rd Edition.

Report of America's Relief Expedition to Asia Minor,

by Miss Clara Barton, President American National

Red Cross.

143 pages, fully illustrated. Paper, 30c.

THE JOURNAL PUBLISHING CO.,

MERIDEN, CONN.

IV THE NAUTILUS.

THE MANUAL OF CONCHOLOQY.

Founded by the late Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., continued under the care of the Con-

chological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Henry A.

Pilsbry, Conservator.

The Manual of Conchology is s. fully illustrated monography of recent mollusks.

Issued in octavo form, in quarterly parts. Bach part comprises 64 (or more )

pages of letterpress, and 15 to 20 plates.

Two series are now in progress : the FIRST SERIES, Marine Univalves, of which

sixteen volumes have appeared, finishing the series as planned by its illustrious

founder. A supplemental volume to this series will be issued this year, to contain

some families not heretofore considered. Of the SECOND SERIES, Terrestrial

Molluscs, Ten Volumes have been published, completing Helix with index. A few

copies of Vol. IX of this series, "Guide to the Study of Helices" will be sold separ-

ately at the regular subscription price. Separate copies of the Index, suitable for

the purposes of a Catalogue or Check list can also be had at $1.00 each.

The Monography of the Buliini has been commenced in the tenth volume.

The illustrations of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully

equal to the best figures of shells published.

Prices :— Plain (uncolored) edition $3.00 per part. Colored edition $5.00 per part.

Fine edition (both colored and India-tinted plates) $8.00 per part.

Structural and Systematic Conchology, by GEO W. TRYON, Jr.

A COMPLETE CONCHOLOGICAL TEXT BOOK of 1200 pages, 140 plates and over 3500

figures of Genera, Anatomy, etc. Three volumes bound in one. Cloth. Price $6.00.

For further information or descriptive circular, with sample plates of Manual

address :

S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer,

P. 0. Address, GLEN RIDGE, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A.

American Naturalist."

MANAGING EDITORS '.

PROF. E. D. COPE, Philadelphia, Pa., and Dr. F. C. KENYON, Washington, D. C.

ASSOCIATE EDITORS:

DR. C. E. BESSEY, of The University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb.

DR. H. C. MERCER, of The University of Pennsylvania.

PROF. C. M. WEED, College of N. H., Hanover, N. H.

PROF. W S. BAYLEY, of Colby University, Waterville, Me.

PHOF. E. A. ANDREWS, of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.

PROF. A. C. GILL, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

PROF. H. C. WARREN. Princeton University, Princeton, N. J.

ERWIN F. SMITH, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

SAMPLE COPY, 15 CENTS.

THE EDWARDS & DOCKER CO.,

518-53O M I NOK ST. PHILADELPHIA, IT. S. A.

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy.

THE

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. PILSBRV, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR :

C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science.

Vol. XI.

DECEMBER, 1897.

No. 8

CONTENTS :

NEW WEST AMERICAN SHELLS. By W. H. Dall.

NOTE ON Two SPECIES OF HELICINA. By C. F. Ancey.

OXYCHONA UNMASKED. By H. A. Pilsbry.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

NOTES AND NEWS

A NEW PLICATE UNIO. By Berlin H. Wright.

POLYGYRA FERRISSI n. sp. By H. A. Pilsbry.

PAGE.

. 85

. 87

. 87

. 89

. 90

. 91

92

A CLASSIFIED CATALOGUE OF AMERICAN LAND SHELLS, WITH LOCALITIES.

(Continued). By Henry A. Pilsbry. .

93

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad'a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

11 THE NAUTILUS.

BACK VOLUMES OF THE NAUTILUS.

Vol. IV. May, 1890 to April, 1891, . $1.00

Vol. V. May, 1891 to April, 1892, . 1.00

Vol. VI. May, 1892 to April, 1893, . 1.00

Vol. VII. May, 1893 to April, 1894, . 1.00

Vol. VIII. May, 1894 to April, 1895. . 1.00

Vol. IX. May, 1895 to April, 1896. . 1.00

Vol. X. May, 1896 to April, 1897. . 1.00

Of Vols. I and II, which were known as the " Conchologist's Ex-

change," and Vol. Ill of THE NAUTILUS, we can furnish odd

numbers only.

Extras of August and September number, (1895) containing an

Index to the Concholo gists' Exchange for binding with the latter,

will be furnished at 10 cents per copy.

Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of $1.OO per

inch for each insertion in advance. Smaller space in propor-

tion. A discount of 25 per cent, will be made on insertions of

six months or longer. In order to have the paper out promptly,

" copy " is put in the printer's hands on the 2Oth of each

month.

Address, C. W. JOHNSON,

WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE,

Philadelphia, Pa.

EXCHANGES,

The following space is to be given to exchanges. Notices not

exceeding three lines, will be free to subscribers as long as our

limit of space will allow.

FOR EXCHANGE: — Helix latiaxis, Linterce, Tayloriana; also large

collection of land and marine (many rare). Desiderata new or

rare Helices. Miss LINTKR,

Arragon Close, Twickenham Middlesex, England.

FOR EXCHANGE: — Land, fresh water and marine shells, (many

rare species offered) for species not in my collection. List first.

C. F. ANCEY, administrateur— adjoint, Dra-el Mizan, Algeria.

FOR EXCHANGE : — About 70 species of Unios including many

rare southern varieties. W. S. STRODE, M. D., Lewiston, 111.

WANTED : — North American Limnceidce in sets from various local-

ities. OFFERED : — Marine shells from Florida and land and fresh

water shells from Chicago. FRANK C. BAKER,

Academy of Sciences, Lincoln Park, Chicago, 111.

WANTED: — No. 7, Vol. Ill, of THE NAUTILUS. OFFERED:—

Other Conchological papers.

M. M. SCHEPMANN, Rhoon near Rotterdam, Netherland.

THE NAUTILUS. Ill

EXCHANGES— Continued.

FOR EXCHANGE: — A few sets (12 to 15 variations) of Purpura

lapillus as described in September NAUTILUS, from Pemaquid, Me.

-Nowhere finer. F. C. BROWNE, Box 50, Framingham, Mass.

FOR EXCHANGE : — A complete set of Random Notes on Natural

History, for two of any of the following Trivias : sulcata, vitrea

grando, maugeri, producta, pelucidula, formosa, napolina, pulla,

affinis. JOHN WALTON, 50 Scio St., Rochester, N. Y.

Shells, Marine Curios, &c.

low prices and should you wish anything from this section, let me hear

from you. All inquiries will have a prompt reply.

J. H. HOLMES, DUNEDIN, FLA.

Books from the Press of The Journal

Publishing Co.

MERIDEN, CONN.

CONNECTICUT HISTORICAL SERIES.

History of Plymouth, Conn.

450 octavo pages, profusely illustrated. A valuable Histor-

ftal Work. Cloth, ,$3.00 post-paid. 3rd Edition.

History of Kent, Conn.

176 octavo pages, fully illustrated, of great value to gene-

ologists. Cloth, $3.00 post-paid.

Souvenir History of Bristol, Conn.

Quarto, 250 fine halftone illustrations. Paper, 50c. post-paid.

Souvenir History of Wallingford, Conn.

Quarto, finely illustrated. Paper, 35c. post-paid. 2nd

Edition.

Souvenir History of Meriden, Conn.

Quarto, nearly 300 fine illustrations. Paper, 25c. post-paid.

3rd Edition. "

Report of America's Relief Expedition to Asia Minor,

by Miss Clara Barton, President American National

Red Cross.

143 pages, fully illustrated. Paper, 30c.

THE JOURNAL PUBLISHING CO.,

MERIDEN, CONN.

THE NAUTILUS.

THS MANUAL OF CONCHOLOQY.

Founded by the late Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., continued under the care of the Con-

chological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Henry A.

Pilsbry, Conservator.

The Manual of Conchology is a fully illustrated monography of recent mollusks.

Issued in octavo form, in quarterly parts. Each part comprises 64 (or more )

pages of letterpress, and 15 to 20 plates.

Two series are now in progress : the FIRST SERIES, Marine Univalves, of which

sixteen volumes have appeared, finishing the series as planned by its illustrious

founder. A supplemental volume to this series will be issued this year, to contain

some families not heretofore considered. Of the SECOND SERIES, Terrestrial

Molluscs, Ten Volumes have been published, completing Helix with index. A few

copies of Vol. IX of this series, " Guide to the Study of Helices " will be sold separ-

ately at the regular subscription price. Separate copies of the Index, suitable for

the purposes of a Catalogue or Check list can also be had at $1.00 each.

The Monography of the Bulimi has been commenced in the tenth volume.

The illustrations of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully

equal to the best figures of shells published.

Prices :— Plain (uncolored) edition $3.00 per part. Colored edition $5.00 per part.

Fine edition (both colored and India-tinted plates) $8.00 per part.

Structural and Systematic Conchology, by GEO W. TRYON, Jr.

A COMPLETE CONCHOLOGICAL TEXT BOOK of 1200 pages, 140 plates and over 3500

figures of Genera, Anatomy, etc. Three volumes bound in one. Cloth. Price $6.00.

For further information or descriptive circular, with sample plates of Manual

address :

S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer,

P. 0. Address, GLEN RIDGE, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A.

"The American Naturalist."

MANAGING EDITORS :

PROF. E. D. COPE, Philadelphia, Pa., and Dr. F. C. KENYON, Washington, D. C.

ASSOCIATE EDITORS:

DR. C. E. BESSEY, of The University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb.

DR. H. C. MERCER, of The University of Pennsylvania.

PROF. C M. WEED, College of N. H., Hanover, N. H.

PROF. W S. BAYLEY, of Colby University, Waterville, Me.

PHOF. E. A. ANDREWS, of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.

PROF. A. C. GILL, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

PROF. H. C. WARREN, Princeton University, Princeton, N. J.

ERWIN F. SMITH, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

COPY, 15 CENTS.

THE EDWARDS & DOCKER CO.,

518-520 MINOR ST. PHILADELPHIA, II. S. A.

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy.

THE

NAUTILI^

XtSwM/\

/i^^^^^^*^"**"^^^^ r ^

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. PILSBRY, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR :

C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science.

Vol. XI.

JANUARY, 1898.

No. 9

CONTENTS:

PAGE.

- 97

. 98

. 100

, 101

SOME NEW EOCENE FOSSILS FROM ALABAMA. By T. H. Aldrich.

A PROPOSED CENSUS OF MICHIGAN MOLLUSCA. By Bryant Walker. .

ON A NEW SPECIES OF VITREA FROM MARYLAND. By Wm. H. Dall.

A NEW UNDULATE UNIO FROM ALABAMA. By Berlin H. Wright.

MODIOLA PLICATULA LAMARCK — AN EXTINCT LOCALTY. By R. E. C. S. 102

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT. . . . . 104

A CLASSIFIED CATALOGUE OF AMERICAN LAND SHELLS, WITH LOCALITIES.

(Continued). By Henry A. PiKbry. . . . 105

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad'a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

11 THE NAUTILUS.

BACK VOLUMES OF THE NAUTILUS.

Vol. IV. May, 1890 to April, 1891, . $1.00

Vol. V. May, 1891 to April, 1892, . 1.00

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Of Vols. I and II, which were known as the " Conchologist's Ex-

change," and Vol. Ill of THE NAUTILUS, we can furnish odd

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FOR EXCHANGE: — Helix latiaxis, Linterce, Tayloriana; also large

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rare Helices. Miss LINTEE,

Arragou Close, Twickenham Middlesex, England.

FOR EXCHANGE : — Land, fresh water and marine shells, (many

rare species offered) for species not in my collection. List first.

C. F. ANCEY, adiniuistrateur — adjoint, Dra-el Mizan, Algeria.

FOR EXCHANGE : — About 70 species of Uuios including many

rare southern varieties. W. S. STRODE, M. D., Lewiston, 111.

WANTED : — North American Limnceidce in sets from various local-

ities. OFFERED : — Marine shells from Florida and land and fresh

water shells from Chicago. FRANK C. BAKER,

Academy of Sciences, Lincoln Park, Chicago, 111.

OFFERED : — Land, fresh-water and marine shells, many desir-

able species. Also a few Couchological books.

A. A. HINKLEY, Du Bois, 111.

THE NAUTILUS. Ill

EXCHANGES— Continued.

FOR EXCHANGE: — A few sets (12 to 15 variations) of Purpura

lapillus as described in September NAUTILUS, from Pemaquid, Me.

—Nowhere finer. F. C. BROWNE, Box 50, Framingbam, Mass.

WANTED : — American slugs, Britisb species offered in exchange.

W. E. COLLINGE, Mason College, Birmingham, England.

Shells, Marine Curios, &c.

low prices and should you wish anything from this section, let me hear

from you. All inquiries will have a prompt repty.

J. H. HOLMES, DUNEDIN, FL.A.

Books from the Press of The Journal

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CONNECTICUT HISTORICAL SERIES.

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176 octavo pages, fully illustrated, of great value to gene-

ologists. Cloth, $3.00 post-paid.

Souvenir History of Bristol, Conn.

Quarto, 250 fine halftone illustrations. Paper, 50c. post-paid.

Souvenir History of Wallingford, Conn.

Quarto, finely illustrated. Paper, 35c. post-paid. 2nd

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Quarto, nearly 300 fine illustrations. Paper, 25c. post-paid.

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by Miss Clara Barton, President American National

Red Cross.

143 pages, fully illustrated. Paper, 30c.

THE JOURNAL PUBLISHING CO.,

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IV

THE NAUTILUS.

THE MANUAL OF CONCHOLOQY.

Founded by the late Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., continued under the care of the Con-

chological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Henry A.

Pilsbry, Conservator.

The Manual of Conchology is a fully illustrated monography of recent mollusks.

Issued in octavo form, in quarterly parts. Each part comprises 64 (or more)

pages of letterpress, and 15 to 20 plates.

Two series are now in progress : the FIRST SERIES, Marine Univalves, of which

sixteen volumes have appeared, finishing the series as planned by its illustrious

founder. A supplemental volume to this series will be issued this year, to contain

some families not heretofore considered. Of the SECOND SERIES, Terrestrial

Molluscs, Ten Volumes have been published, completing Helix with index. A few

copies of Vol. IX of this series, " Guide to the Study of Helices" will be sold separ-

ately at the regular subscription price. Separate copies of the Index, suitable for

the purposes of a Catalogue or Check list can also be had at Si.oo each.

The Monography of the Biilimi has been commenced in the tenth volume.

The illustrations of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully

equal to the best figures of shells published.

Prices: — Plain (uncolored) edition $3.00 per part. Colored edition $5.00 per part.

Fine edition (both colored arid India-tinted plates) $8.00 per part.

Structural and Systematic Conchology, by GEO W. TRYON, Jr.

A COMPLETE CONCHOLOGICAL TEXT BOOK of 1200 pages, 140 plates and over 3500

figures of Genera, Anatomy, etc. Three volumes bound in one Cloth. Price $6.00.

For further information or descriptive circular, with sample plates of Manual

address :

S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer,

P. 0. Address, GLEN RIDGE, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A.

"The American Naturalist."

MANAGING EDITORS :

PROF. E. D. COPE, Philadelphia, Pa., and Dr. F. C. KENYON, Washington, D. C.

ASSOCIATE EDITORS:

DR. C. E. BESSEY, of The University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb.

PROF. C M. WEED, College of N. H., Hanover, N. H.

PROF. W S BAYLEY, of Colby University, Waterville, Me.

A. ANDREWS, of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.

PROF. A. C. GILL, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

PROF. H. C. WARREN, Princeton University, Princeton, N. J.

ERWIN F. SMITH, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

SAMPLE COPY, 15 CENTS.

THE EDWARDS & DOCKER CO.,

518-52O MIXOR ST.

»l! E I, \ l»i:i.ril I A. IT. S. A.

CONCHOLOCY.

G. B. SOWERBY and HUGH FULTON have the pleasure of inform-

ing their clients that they have joined in partnership uniting their rich

and extensive stocks of shells thereby bringing together an assortment

unique in its vastness.

Amateurs and Museums either forming collections of Mollusca or

desiring to add thereto, can by applying to the above, receive selections

on approval at moderate prices.

Collections Purchased. Exchanges made for species not in stock.

SOWERBY &, FULTON,

FULHAM KOAIK LONDON, S. W., I V4.I \ M>

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy.

THE

NAUTILUSsr.

/ ^fTx^tlB US. \

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. PILSERY, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR :

C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science.

Vol. XI.

FEBRUARY, 1898.

No. 10

CONTENTS :

UNIO (LAMPSILIS) AMPHICH/ENUS, N. Sp. By Lorraine S. Frierson.

NOTES ON QUEBEC PUPID^E AND OTHER SHELLS. By A. W. Hanham.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW UNIO. By Berlin H. Wright.

NEW PISIDIA. By Dr. V. STERKI

ELWOOD PLEAS. ... .

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. .......

A CLASSIFIED CATALOGUE OF AMERICAN LAND SHELLS, WITH LOCALITIES.

(Continued). By Henry A. Pilsbry. ...... 117

PAGK.

. 109

. 110

. Ill

. 112

. 114

. 115

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad'a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

11 THE NAUTILUS.

A Fine Collection of Shells For Sals.

We have recently secured and have displayed in our establishment,

the Huckins Collection, formerly at Wat-rtown, Mass. Any part of same

is for sale in large or small lots at very reasonable rates. Below we give

a synopsis of some of the most important Genera:

Argonauta 3, Nautilus 3. lanthina i, Murex 30, Trophon 8, Fulgur 3, Pleurotoma 6,

Triton 20, Ranella 12, Nassa 27, Eburna 2, Purpura 20, Ricinula n, Oliva 36, Olivella 5,

Ancillaria 5, Fasciolaria 4, Latirus 6, Cymbium 4, Melo 4, Voluta 13, Marginalia 15,

Mitra 37, Cylindra 3, Turricula 6, Colurabella 9, Harpa 6, Cassis 20, Oniscia 5, Malea 3,

Dolium 7, Sycotvpus 3, Natica 3, Neverita 6, Ruma 5, Scalaria 3, Terebra 20. Conus 70,

Solarium 4, Strombus 36, Pterocera 8, Rostellaria i, Aporrhais 2, Cyprsea go, Trivia 13,

Pustularia 7, Epona 4, Cerithium 24, Potamides 6, Littorina 15, Tectarius 5, Nerita 19,

Neritina 18, Ampullaria 4, Turbo 10, Astralium 5, Trochus S, Calliostoma 6, Haliotis 10,

Caiitharus g, Fissurella 9, Acmoea 7, Patella 18, Chiton 6, Bulla 9, Glaudina 2, Xesta 5,

RysSota 3, Zonites 21, Patula 7, Helix 125, Cochlostyla n, Bulimus iS, Bulimulus 7,

Achatina 10, Partula 5, Achatinella 40, Strophia 17, Clausilia 8, Cyclotus 2, Cyclopho-

rus 3, Cyclostomus 9, Helicina 7, Tellina 8, Donax 8, Chione 5, Callista 7, Crypto-

gramma 4, Tapes 6. Dosinia 3, Sphaerium 7, Cardium 20, Tridacna 2, Hippopus i,

Luciua 6, Solemya 2, Astarte" 3, Cardita 3, Uuio 104, Margaritana 10, Anodonta 7,

Avicula 4, Pinna 3, Area 12, Yoldia 2, Pecten 15, Spoudylus 4. and many others not

enumerated, in all some 1600 species and about 15000 specimens.

We will send any of the above fine things on approval to reliable

parties. The condition of the specimens are very fine, as they have been

kept in dust-proof cases. We confidently believe they will please the

most exacting collectors, and solicit your patronage, with an aim to

please. This collection, with our former large stock, will enable us to

furnish advanced collectors with many new and interesting things. We

have many thousand fine duplicates that we will exchange for desirable

Helix. Only the rarer species desired. Specially wish good lots of S.

W. U. S. and showy Foreign species, notably West Indies forms.

Soliciting your correspondence,

WEBB'S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT,

Walter P. Webb, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

EXCHANGES,

The following space is to be given to exchanges. Notices not

exceeding three lines, will be free to subscribers as long as our

limit of space will allow.

FOR EXCHANGE: — Helix latiaxis, Linterce, Tayloriana; also large

collection of land and marine (many rare). Desiderata new or

rare Helices. Miss LINTER,

Arragon Close, Twickenham Middlesex, England.

FOR EXCHANGE: — Land, fresh water and marine shells, (many

rare species offered) for species not in my collection. List first.

C. F. ANCEY, admiuistrateur — adjoint, Dra-el Mizan, Algeria.

WANTED : — American slugs, British species offered in exchange.

W. E. COLLINGE, Mason College, Birmingham, England.

WANTED : — North American Limnceidce in sets from various local-

ities. OFFERED : — Marine shells from Florida and land and fresh

water shells from Chicago. FRANK C. BAKER,

Academy of Sciences, Lincoln Park, Chicago, 111.

OFFERED : — Land, fresh-water and marine shells, many desir-

able species. Also a few Conchological books.

A. A. HINKLEY, Du Bois, 111.

THE NAUTILUS.

Ill

Ward's Natural Science Establishment,

18-28 College AveM Rochester, N. Y.

A SCIENTIFIC EMPORIUM.

Furnishes yearly to Collectors, Educational Institutions, and Museums

throughout the world, many thousand dollars' worth of

INVERTEBRATES

(Shells, Corals, Sponges, Crustaceans, etc.)

SKINS AND SKELETONS OF VERTEBRATES,

MINERALS, ROCKS, FOSSILS.

ANATOMICAL PREPARATIONS, CASTS, MODELS,

RELIEF MAPS,

ARCH.ZEOLOGICAL AND ETHNOLOGICAL MATERIAL,

HUMAN SKELETONS, Etc.

Our Australian Expedition of

1896 has augmented very consid-

erably our extensive stock of

shells, and has compelled the is-

suance of a new and enlarged

edition of our illustrated "Cat-

alogue of Mollusca," now in

press. Watch this space for no-

tice of its publication.

For information, circulars, etc., write to

HENRY A WARD,

President.

IV THE NAUTILUS.

THE MANUAL OF CONCHOLOQY.

Founded by the late Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., continued under the care of the Con-

chological Section, Academy of Natural .Sciences of Philadelphia, by Henry A.

Pilsbry, Conservator.

The Manual of Conchology is a. fully illustrated monography of recent mollusks.

Issued in octavo form, in quarterly parts. Each part comprises 64 (or more )

pages of letterpress, and 15 to 20 plates.

Two series are now in progress : the FIRST SERIES, Marine Univalves, of which

seventeen volumes have appeared, finishing the series as planned by its illustrious

founder. Of the SECOND SERIES, Terrestrial Molluscs, Ten Volumes have been

published, completing Helix with index. A few copies of Vol. IX of this series,

" Guide to the Study of Helices" will be sold separately at the regular subscription

price. Separate copies of the Index, suitable for the purposes of a Catalogue or

Check list can also be had at $1.00 each.

The Monography of the Bulimi has been commenced in the tenth and eleventh

volumes.

The illustrations of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully

equal to the best figures of shells published.

Prices :— Plain (uncolored) edition $3.00 per part. Colored edition $5.00 per part.

Fine edition (both colored and India-tinted plates) $8.00 per part.

Structural and Systematic Conchology, by GEO W. TRYON, Jr.

A COMPLETE CONCHOLOGICAL TEXT BOOK of 1200 pages, 140 plates and over 3500

figures of Genera, Anatomy, etc. Three volumes bound in one Cloth. Price £6.00.

For further information or descriptive circular, with sample plates of Manual

address :

S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer,

P. 0. Address, GLEN RIDGE, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A.

An Illustrated CATALOGUE OF JAPANESE MARINE MOLLUSKS, by F. Stearns and

H. A. Pilsbry. Cloth $3.00, paper $2.50.

WANTED:

North American species of Amnicola, Lyogyrus, Bythinella

and other fresh water Rissoid genera. Will buy or exchange.

BRYANT WALKER,

18 MOFFAT BUILDING, DETROIT, MICH.

^fi£>11c N\ftr\n(* dirinc &r I am now ready to sup-

z>nens, war ie v^ui is, <xu ply first.class stock £t

low prices and should you wish anything from this section, let me hear

from you. All inquiries will have a prompt reply.

J. H. HOLMES, DUNEDIN, FL.A.

CONCHOLOCY.

G. B. SOWERBY and HUGH FULTON have the pleasure of inform-

ing their clients that they have joined in partnership uniting their rich

and extensive stocks of shells thereby bringing together an assortment

unique in its vastness.

Amateurs and Museums either forming collections of Mollusca or

desiring to add thereto, can by applying to the above, receive selections

on approval at moderate prices.

Collections Purchased. Exchanges made for species not in stock.

SOWERBY &. FULTON,

121 FULHAM ROAD, L.ONDON, S. W., ENGLAND.

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy.

THE

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR :

H. A. PILSBRY, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR :

C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science.

Vol. XI. MARCH, 1898. No. 11

CONTENTS :

PAGE.

MOLLUSCA CONTEMPORANEOUS WITH THE MASTODON. By Bryant Walker. 121

HAWAIIAN CYPR^£ID.«. By D. D. Baldwin. ... . 123

NEW VARIETIES OF UNIONID/E. By Berlin H. Wright. .... 123

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW PISIDIA. By Dr. V. Sterki. ... . 124

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. ......... 126

A CLASSIFIED CATALOGUE OF AMERICAN LAND SHELLS, WITH LOCALITIES.

(Continued). By Henry A. Pilsbry. . . .127

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad'a.