Bo one a ee ee eee

ay

Hibrary of the Museum

OF

COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY,

AT HARVARD COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, MASS.

Founded by private subscription, in 1861.

Beupht

No. / 2, OW

$a 10. 1893

at Bie

NAWdtLUS

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF

CONCHOLOGISTS.

VOL. VI.

MAY 1892 to APRIL 1893.

“wv PHILADELPHIA:

Published by H. A. PILSBRY and C. W. JOHNSON.

EN eX

TO

ae NAU TES, VOL. Vin

INDEX TO TITLES AND SPECIES DESCRIBED.

Acanthopleura and its subgenera : : : : 104

Acmeea saccharina, note on : : ; 89

Additional shells from the coast of Bruker Brann ; : 109

American Association of Conchologists —. : : a. Oa AO

Amnicoloid genus eke with the description of a new

species : : ‘ : : : : 61

Amphitomura (s. g. nae , : ; : 105

Annotated list of Alabama land Millusta : ; : 76

Anodonta Mearnsiana Simpson, n. sp. ; : : 134

Appearance of an Asiatic Anodonta in the Ghinese mark-

ets of San Francisco . : ; : : : ; 51

Bifidaria, a new subgenus of Pupa_. ; ; og

Bulimulus EPlcucope ais) Habeli Stearns & =) 3 : 86

Bulimus, description of a new species : 116

Calliostoma Crumpii (a. sp.). ce II, ee » : : 105, 188

Campolemus (n. g.) ; : : : 96

Cantharidus iris (young) . : 3 : 132

Chlorostoma gallina Forbes var. eee Stearns, n. var. 86

Clementia subdiaphana Cpr. in San Pedro Bay, ; : 116

Collecting notes . : : : : : : : : 37

Conulus Sterkii, note on . : ‘ : : , 106, 118

Crepidula, of Atlantic coast : ; : : 40

Crepidula, additional notes on . : : : : 52

Cypreea, a new fossil : ; : : : : 50

Cypreea Squyerii, n.sp. . : : : ; : ‘ 51

Cypreea chrysalis Kiener_ . : ; 3 ‘ 119

Cyprzea amphithales Melv. ; : abe ; ‘ 119

il

iv . THE NAUTILUS.

Cytherea convexa, note on . ; ; 52

Cyprxa cruenta Gmel. var. Gress Ge Vv ar): Perit

figs. 4and5) : ‘ : 112, 138

Exchanges, : : : 12, 24, 36, 60, 84, 96, 108, 120, 132

Extracts from a letter of Dr. Wm. H. Rush ; ‘ 81

Goniobasis virginica in Connecticut . : : ; F 36 -

Gould’s types and mss. ‘ : : ‘ ; 95

Gould’s types of Nassa and Colnnabella : : ; : 47

Gould’s types North Pacific Exploring Expedition . ‘ 84

Helix Sargenti, n. sp. (see page 48) . : : : : 8

Helix Sargentiana J. & P. i : : ; ; é 48

Helix alauda var. weeksiana, n. var. . : : : 94

Helix nemoralis in Wisconsin. : : : : 151

Helices of the Biologia Centrali Appericanc: notes on, 117, 128

Helices of New Zealand, Observations on the. ‘ . 04, 121

Helices colonized in Herkimer Co., N. Y. ; : 126

Helicoid Group Charopa and allied forms ‘ : : 67

Helicina occulta in Western Pennsylvania : : : 24

Hyalina leviuscula, n. sp. . : : : : : ‘ 53

Japanese Limpets : ‘ ; : : ; 69

Lichtenthaler, G. W. : . : s 131, 141

Littoral land shells of New Jersey .. : ‘ 19

Littorina (Tectarius) galapagiensis Sienna Tes ps ues 5 87

Littorina (Tectarius) atyphus Stearns, n. sp... , : 88

Lyogyrus Dalli Pilsbry & Beecher, n. sp. . i ; ‘ 62

Lyogyrus, noteson_. : : : : : 83

Maugeria Gray f . : ; ; d : 104

Mesodon andrewsi in Missouri. : é i : : 90

Mesotomura (n. nov.) : : ; 105

Nanina (Ariophanta) moheres, nea: ee IB Ae 1, 2), 905135

Nitidella incerta Stearns, n. sp. . 3 é : 88

Notes on “ New Mollusks of St. Helena” . : : : 96

Notes on Dr. von Ihering’s Observations. ; ‘ : 127

Onchidium Lesliei Stearns, n. sp. : : 87

Origin of the Land Fauna of Quemeland: ‘Australia : : 124

Panda, note on the group . ‘ : : : ; : 9

Partula, catalogue of the genus . . i : Rare fo Fer’ ||

Patula strigosa Gould in Arizona : ; : ; : L

Physa heterostropha Say. : : : 4 ‘ : 20

Placostylus alienus, n. sp. . ‘ 3 : ; : ; 116

THE NAUTILUS. Vv

Planorbis multivolvis 3 ; : ‘ : : . 36, 136

Post-pliocene shells. ‘ : ; : : : 103, 119

Provancher, Abbé (obituary). : : 9

Preliminary list of N. American gies ; : : : 2

Preliminary descriptions of new Molluscan forms, etc. : 85

Shell bearing mollusea of Michigan, . : 18, 31, 42, 63,.135

Shell collecting at Eastport , : ; : : : 49

Shell of William’s cafion, Colorado . : ; : : 102

Slugs injuring coffee : : : : 127

Some remarks on New Jersey coal shells ; : ; : 25

Spirula fragilis found at Gay Head, Mass. : : 119

Succinea, notes on the North American species . : rai

Subulina octona in Philadelphia : : : : : 107

Unionide, On a revision of the American . : . 8,80

Unionidee of Florida and the Southeastern States, Aten on 118

Unio coruscus Gould, notes on . : : f ; i 126

Unio muddle. 3 . : ; : : : : 113

Unio subluridus Simpson. ; : : : ; 148

Uvanilla regina Stearns, n. sp. . : . ; : : 85

Veronicella Sloanii var. coffese, n. var. ; : : : 128

Ward’s, a visit to ; : : : 5 : : ci

Zonites Sterkii Dall in Tetouan . ‘ ? : 118

INDEX TO CONTRIBUTORS.

ariel. Fe ai

Binney, W.G. .

Campbell, John H.

Cockerell, T. D. A.

Crandall, O. A. .

Dall, Wm. H.

Elrod, Morton J.

Farrer, W. J.

Ford, John

Hartman, W. D.

Hedley, Chas.

Ihering, H. von

Johnson, C. W.

Marshall, Wm. B.

Pilsbry, HAs:

Raymond, Wm. J.

Roper, Edward W.

Rush, Wm. H.

Sampson, F. A.

Sargent, H. E.

Simpson, Chas. T.

Stearns, Robt. E. C.

Sterki, V. .

Stone, Witmer,

Taylor, Rev. Geo. W.

Walker, Bryant .

Williamson, Mrs. M. Bunun:

Wile ley Rew Henry W.

Wood, Williard M.

Woodworth, J. B.

Wright, S. Hart

Wright, Berlin H.

1, 29, 127

. 20, 108

52, 84, 109

141

36

20, 412

73, 97

124

121

8

19, 47, 126

Be 9, 54, 61, 67, 104, 105, 116, ‘111, 128, 129

131

49

24, 81

90, 102

: 76

37, 78, 184, 143

s . ass

2, 58, 99, 106

40.

; : . 69,69

: 13, 31, 42, 63, 94, 185

116

"80, 113, 126

v1

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) l0cts. a copy.

ae Tee

MAY

eNAUTILUS

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

= : EDITOR:

H. A. Pirspry, Conservator Conehological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR:

C. W. Jounson, Acting Curator Wagner Institute of Science.

Vol. VI. MAY, 1892. No. 1.

CONTENTS:

PAGE.

PATULA STRIGOSA GOULD, IN ARIZONA. Robert E. C. Stearns. 1

PRELIMINARY List OF NorTH AMERICAN Pupipé&. Dr. V. Sterki. 2

A NEw AMERICAN HELIx. C, W. Johnson and H. A. Pilsbry. 8

NOTE ON THE Group PANDA. H. A. Pilsbry. 9:

OBITUARY. 9:

NEws AND NOTES. . : 2 ; ; ; ‘ ‘ ; : yO)

EXCHANGES. : : , ‘ : j : : : : : 5, ek2i

= ee — ——— = ——— —————

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

ae oN BeTILUS:

VOL. VI. MAY, 1892. Nas ts

PATULA STRIGOSA GOULD, IN ARIZONA.

BY ROBERT E. C. STEARNS, WASHINGTON, D. C.

The National Museum has recently received from Mr. Marcus

Baker, of the U.S. Geological Survey, numerous specimens (Mus.

no. 123,576) of the above snail shell collected by him at Coon

Mountain, in Arizona. From Mr. Baker I have learned the fol-

lowing: ‘Coon Mountain, from which these shells came, is a name

locally applied to a possible voleanie crater, situated some ten miles

south of Canyon Diablo, Arizona. It is near lat. 835° N., long. 111°

W. The crater is some 500 or 600 feet deep, ranging from 5200

feet above sea level at the bottom, to 5700 feet at the crest of the

rim. Within the crater is bedded sandstone, limestone (Aubrey)

and talus slope. The region is excessively arid. The dead shells

are found scattered along the interior slopes of the crater, more

especially on the south side. Almost allare dead. I think J found

a single living one, in the course of a week’s working about, in this

vicinity. I do not remember finding any outside of the rim. Many

of the specimens were fresh, most of them dead and bleached.”

Compared with examples from more northerly regions where this

form abounds, and exhibits, as is well-known, extraordinary vari-

ability, these Coon Mountain specimens are rather under size or

dwarfed. They are also rather flat than elevated, and some of them

are more or less angulated at the periphery. The fresher examples

are slightly rufous, with two narrow revolving bands on the body

whorl.

bo

THE NAUTILUS.

This species has heretofore been found, I believe, in New Mexico.

Mr. Baker’s collection carries it farther to the south than before

reported.

PRELIMINARY LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN PUPIDE.

(NORTH OF MEXICO.)

BY DR. V. STERKI, NEW PHILADELPHIA, OHIO.

It will take several years more before we can attempt a revision

and approximately complete a list of this most interesting group of

our land mollusca. The past few years have brought us a good

number of new forms, and yet we have to expect, not only more

such but also a more extensive knowledge of their geographic

distribution and local variations. Strange as it may appear, the

specimens extant in the many museums and private collections I have

examined, represent only a very limited parc of our country. There

are areas of 100,000 square miles from which none of these miuute

denizens are known, or only a few from single spots. Very little, in

some places nothing, has been collected in the South Atlantic and ©

Gulf States, excepting Florida and Texas; in Kentucky, Wisconsin,

Minnesota, the Dakotas, Wyoming, Idaho, Oregon; some more, but

still very insufficiently, in a part of the New England States, Pennsyl-

vania, except the southeastern region, Michigan, Maryland, Ten-

nessee, Arkansas up to Iowa and Nebraska, Montana, Washington,

Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, not to speak of British

North America, a part of whose regions are, however, better known

in this regard than some of the oldest states of the Union. Com-

paratively, most has been done in Maine, Massachusetts, New York,

Ohio, Florida, parts of Texas, and California; sufficient to give us

a fair knowledge of the distribution of not even a majority of the

species, in any one State! .

It appears, therefore, advisable to give a preliminary list of the

species and forms described and cited as from our continent. In

many instances it is impossible, as yet, to‘say whether a certain

form is to be considered a species or a variety, for want of

sufficient material; and future critics will have to decide. In all

such cases I prefer, here, leaving the question open, and simply filing

the names, and giving localities representing areas of distribution.

»

THE NAUTILUS. 2)

There are two groups whose members deserve our special attention

and study; that of P. muscorum L. and that of Vertigo decora Gld.

and their allies, and especially of these, any specimens from known

localities will be of much value.

A number of forms must be added here, not yet published, as

known only from one or few specimens each, most of them, in all

probability, being good species. But it must be borne in mind that

varieties and local forms very often are of a higher interest than

new species for systematic zoology and zoogeography.

The present article has, consequently, two aims: first, to show what

is known, at present, of species and varieties and their distribution ;

second, to point out those parts of the continent where collecting

and as far as possible strenuous and careful search is most needed.

Any conchologist who has a chance of visiting parts of those “blanks”

will be sure to do good work, especially by using expedient methods

of collecting: sifting from dead leaves, moss, grass; brushing off

rocks, stones, logs, stumps, pieces of bark, old chips, ete. Fine

sifted drift on rivers, brooks, ete., should be carefully gathered

wherever possible, and the results will, almost everywhere, be richer

than expected, not only in Pupidz but also in Hyalina and other

small and minute land shells.

I am‘indebted to Messrs. H. A. Pilsbry, Edw. 8. Morse, Theo. D.

A. Cockerell, Henry Hemphill and many other fellow-malacologists

all over the country for kindly sending me specimens and valuable

notes ; to all of them my hearty thanks,

A few notes will be found at the end of the list.

STROBILA Mse,!

Str. hubbardi Brown. Gulf States.

Str. labyrinthica Say. Eastern Prov,

Pupa Drap.

Subg. Pupilla Leach.

P. muscorum L. (type). Northeastern U. &,

var. ? Nevada,

P. blandi Mse. Rocky Mountains.

P. signata Mouss. Rocky Mountains.

hebes Ane, Rocky Mountains.

sublubrica Ane. Rocky Mountains.

iil THE NAUTILUS.

sterri Voith. (?) Rocky Mountains.

sp. Rocky Mountains.

sterkiana Pilsb. South (and Lower) California.

syngenes Pilsh.? Arizona.

Subg. Leucochila Alb. & Mart.

fallax Say. All east and S. W. to Arizona.

modica Gld. Ga., Fla.

we ose

Subg. Columella Mart. (Edentulina Cless.).

P. edentula Drp.’ (simplex Gld.). All N. A. except southwest.

v. alticola Ing. Rocky Mts.

Wash., Alaska.

var.

Subg. Bifidaria Sterki.*

Sect.

P. arizonensis (Gabb) W. G. B. Colo., N. M., Ariz.

y. saxicola Ckll. Colo.

P. corticaria Say. E. of Rockies, except extreme south.

Sect. Albinula Sterki.

P. armifera Say. All N. A.

P. contracta Say. All N. A. East of Rockies.

P. holzingeri Sterki. Ohio to Manitoba, N. M., Kas.

v. fordiana Sterki. Kas.

Sect. Bifidaria s. str.

hordeacea Gabb. Tex. to Ariz.

procera Gld. R. I. to Minn., S. C. to Tex.

. hordeacella Pilsb. Fla. to Ariz.

rupicola\Say. S.C. and Fla to La.

servilis Gld. La. ?

(riograndensis Sterki mss.). Hidalgo, Tex.

ig dh

Sect. Vertigopsis Ckll. mss.

P. pilsbryana Sterki. N. M., Ariz.

P. curvidens Gld. All N. A. east of Rockies.

v. gracilis Sterki. R. I., Ohio, Tenn.

y. floridana Dall. Fla.

P. pentodon Say. All N. A. east of Rockies.

THE NAUTILUS. 5

Subg. Isthmia Gray.°

P. calamitosa Pilsb. South (and Lower) Cal.

P. hemphilli Sterki. South (and Lower) Cal.

P. clementina Sterki. San Clemente Id., Cal.

Subg. Angustula Sterki.'

P. milium Gld. All eastern N. A.

Subg.

P. dalliana Sterki. Lake Co., Cal.

Vertico Mull*

Subg.

V. variolosa Gld. Fla.

V.sp. San Diego, Cal.

Subg. Nearctula Sterki.

V. californica Row., type. Cal. (near San Francisco).

var. elongata Sterki. San Clemente Id.

var. catalinaria Sterki. San Clem. and Catalina Ids.

var, diegoensis Sterki. San Diego.

var. trinotata Sterki. Monterey.

var. cyclops Sterki. Placer Co.

. rowelli Newe. Cal.

. decora Gld. North.

. corpulenta Mse. Rocky Mountains.

castanea Sterki. Lake Co., Cal.

. borealis Mor. Alaska.

. ingersolli Anc. (californica Ing.). Colo.

var. haydeni Anc. Cunningham Gulch.

var. accedens Anc.

V. coloradensis Ckl]. Colo.

V. hoppei Moell. Greenland, Anticosti.

V. columbiana Sterki mss. Wash., different places.

var. utahensis Sterki mss. Utah.

a4aadd<

Subg. Vertigo s. str.

V. binneyana Sterki. Manitoba to N. M.

V. pygmea Drp. Northeast.

var. callosa Sterki. Ohio.

6 THE NAUTILUS.

V. rugosula Sterki. South Atlantic and Gulf coasts, Cal.

var. ovulum Sterki.” Fla.

V. ovata Say. All N. A.

V. ventricosa Mse. Northeast to Ohio.

V. gouldii Binn. Northeasc to Mont.

approximans Sterki. Ill.

V. bollesiana Mse. Maine to Ind., Va. and Tenn. (also West

Indies. .

var. arthuri v. Mart. ?

Wesp, “dex:

Viesp. IN tilex.

V. tridentata Wolf. Me. to Ohio and Minn.

parvula Sterki. Ohio.

V. oscariana Sterki. Fla., Tex., Tenn.

Horosprra Alb. & Mart.

H. roemeri Pfr. Tex. (Mex.).

var. minor Ckll. mss.

H. goldfussi Mke. Tex. (Mex.).

H. arizonensis Stearns. Ariz.

Srropura Alb.

Str. incana Binn. S. Fla.

Pupa krausseana Reinh. ?

Vert. arctica Wall. ?

1. The proposition to place Strobila under Pupide will hardly

meet with much opposition ; it seems to be its nearest natural posi-

tion. The soft parts agree with those of Pupide, and so does the

shell, except its more depressed form which, however, can be no

objection if we compare it with Hypselostoma, ete. Acanthinula,

too, we might range here, as also Morse did,* for the American

species.

2. This species is evidently related to P. australis Ad. & Ang.

3. There are, among the common low form, high specimens with

narrower penultimate and wider last whorl, found everywhere

occasionally in this country as well as in Europe; and thus P. alti-

* Pulmonifera of Maine, p. 32.

VHE NAUTILUS. 7

cola Ingersoll is not even a true var. here, just as var. gredleri

Clessin on the old continent. The most beautiful specimens of

this formation I have seen are from Maine, in the collection of Mr. ©

Edw. S. Morse.

4, This subgenus—in mss. for nearly two years—will be charac-

terized in another article in the NauriILus.

5. P. curvidens is very variable. The two extreme forms, gracilis

and floridana, would unhesitatingly be regarded as widely distinct

species, if not connected by intermediate forms; the latter comes

nearest P. pentodon, the former resembles some forms of P. hordea-

cella Pilsb.

6. These species resemble the European forms so much in out-

line and general aspect that it seems best to range them in this

group or subgenus, although the apertural folds are much more

developed.

7. The subgenus has been criticised by my esteemed friend, Mr.

Pilsbry* as being identical with Vertilla Moq.-Tand. If this were

the case, it would of course, be worse than useless. Verti/la was

established for the European Vert. pusilla Mill. and Venetzii Charp.

(angustior Jeffr.), on account of their being sinistral. But the two

are quite different in structure, for while the former is simply a

Vertigo reversed, the latter, together with one similarly built, P.

(Vert). milium Gld., constitute a peculiar group, which I have

called Angustula, mainly characterized by the long and high gular

lamella and some other peculiarities.

8. It is difficult to draw a limit between Pupa and Vertigo and

may prove to be impossible; if so we will have to regard and

treat the latter as a subgenus of Pupa, as many prominent Euro-

pean conchologists do. And it appears more natural standing in a

line with Torquilla, Pupilla, Bifidaria, and its groups co-ordinate as

sections with those of the subgenera named.

9. This interesting form has been detected in eastern Florida,

Volusia Co., by Messrs. Geo. W. and his son Oscar B. Webster, of

Lake Helen. These gentlemen spent several weeks in collecting

this and other small mollusca, making a trip of over a hundred

miles, and they first called my attention to this Vertigo. It is

decidedly different from rugosu/a in several points, and, as I have

seen no intermediate forms so far, it may prove to be distinct.

* NauTILws ITT, p. 84.

8 THE NAUTILUS.

Although in shape and apertural parts much like V. ovata Say,

ovulum is quite distinct, but it should be compared carefully with V.

antivertigo Drap., of Europe.

A NEW AMERICAN HELIX.

BY (1C] W. JOHNSON@AN DEH. VA, PILS BIR Ys.

A collection of shells made during the past winter at Woodville,

Jackson Co., Alabama, by Mr. H. E. Sargent, and submitted to us for

determination, contains numerous specimens of a large Helix, which

proves to be undescribed. The species is a member of the section

Triodopsis but it does not exhibit the characters typical of that

group, t. é., a three-toothed aperture, but rather belongs in the

neighborhood of the Helix appressa of Say, a species which lacks

the upper lip tooth of Triodopsis. The new species may be

described as follows:

H. Sargenti n. sp.

Shell depressed, imperforate, lens-shaped, carinated. Surface

strongly rib-striate, the striation disappearing toward the center of

the base; under a lens the surface between the rib-like strisze is seen

to be finely granulated. The aperture is wide, oblique; lip broadly

reflexed, flattened, the basal lip bearing a long lamella, as in H.

appressa. Upon the parietal wall there is a strong, high curved

tooth, like that of H. elevata but longer. There are 6 whorls. The

color is light russet above, paler or whitish below.

Alt. 11, diam. 24 mm.

Alt. 12, diam. 24 mm.

Alt. 9, diam. 22 mm.

This species differs from H. appressa in its larger size, stronger

striation, the granulated instead of spirally striate microscopic

sculpture, the strong carination, ete. It is allied in shape and

sculpture to H. carolinensis Lea, but differs in totally lacking the

upper lip tooth, in. being flatter, more concave below, ete. The

young shells differ markedly from young H. appressa, being flatter

above, acutely carinated, and broadly umbilicated.

Figures will be published later, illustrating this unusually large

and strongly characterized species.

THE NAUTILUS. 9

Among other species Mr. Sargent found at Woodville the follow-

ing interesting forms: Patula cumberlandiana, Helix exoleta, H.

stenotremo, H. spinosa, H. major, Zonites levigatus, Z. gularis, Z.

intertextus, Z. internus, ete.

NOTE ON THE GROUP PANDA.

BY H. A. PILSBRY.

During the course of some studies upon certain Australian land

shells, sent by the well-known conchologist Dr. J. C. Cox of Sydney,

N.S. W., my attention was drawn to specimens of Bulimus atomatus

Gray. Upon examining these shells under a lens, [ at once noticed

the minute sculpture and peculiar color-pattern characteristic of the

two species hitherto included in the section Panpa,—H. falconerr

Rve. and H. maconelli Rve. A consideration and comparison of the

shells impresses me with the belief that Panda has heretofore been

misunderstood and wrongly grouped. Iam disposed to regard it

now as a development from the Bulimoid branch of the Helicide,

instead of from the Helicoid stem. The diagnosis of Panda must

be enlarged to include elongated forms, (Bul. atomatus and perhaps

some other Australian species), but it will not require much change

otherwise. The prominent features of the group, as far as the shell

goes, are (1) the entirely simple, non-thickened, non-expanded lip,

reflexed at the columella, (2) the sculpture of minute, close incised

lines, and (3) the painting of fine close wavy brown lines ona

yellowish ground. This last character is not invariable, for clear

yellow examples of most if not all of the species occur.

The character of the lip and embryonic whorls separate Panda

from Helicophanta and the other sections formerly grouped by me

under the generic name Macroén. It will be noted that I formerly

included it in that place with doubt, on account of these peculiarities.

OBITUARY.

Tur ABBE PROVANCHER.

It is our painful duty to record the death, in his 72nd year, of

the Abbé Léon Provancher, who for many years, despite great dis-

10 THE NAUTILUS.

couragements and disadvantages, labored zealously and assiduously

to develop and disseminate a knowledge of the natural history of

Canada, and especially of his native province. He was born in

1820, at Becancour, Quebec, and for some years was Curé of Port-

neuf, and one of his earliest entomological writings was a list of the

Coleoptera of that district. Compelled by enfeebled health to

relinquish the regular and more active duties of the ministry, he

removed to Cap Rouge, near Quebec, and devoted his remaining

time and strength almost entirely to the study of the natural

sciences. In 1869 he commenced the publication of the Naturaliste

Canadien, and notwithstanding many discouragements, completed

in 1891 the 20th volume, when its issue was reluctantly abandoned,

through the Quebee government refusing to continue the scanty

annual grant it had received. In 1858 Provancher published an

elementary treatise on botany and in 1862 his Flore du Canada.

Subsequently he devoted his attention chiefly to entomology, and in

1874 commenced his Faune Entomologique du Canada, of which he

completed three volumes.* Provancher was also, especially latterly,

an enthusiastic conchologist, and as such became known by corre-

spondence to many of the principal conchologists of the States.

His last publication was a monographic illustrated treatise, Les

Mollusques de la Province de Quebec, embodying the results of the

author’s researches in Canadian conchology.

The occasional inaccuracies of Provancher’s conchological work

will be excused when we consider the great disadvantages under

which he labored. His death is a loss that will be felt long by the

small band of Canadian Naturalists.

NEWS AND NOTES.

Epiror or Nautritus, Dear Sir: Thinking that the following

extracts from a letter sent me a short time ago by a Western friend,

would prove of interest to your readers, I take the liberty of offer-

ing them for publication.

The writer says: “I notice that much has been said in the NAv-

TrLus lately about the recent discovery of Unios having a byssus.

In reference to this matter it would not be irrevelant for me to state

“*See article by W. H. H. in the Canadian Entomologist, May, 1892, from

which the preceding is taken.

THE NAUTILUS. Tel

that I found, nearly fifty years ago, Unio lapillus, Say, fabalis Lea,

attached by a white, silk-like byssus to a fragment of an old shell.

This fact I mentioned afterwards to John Bartlett, an old collector,

whereupon he related to me the following story:

“A., a collector of shells, residing im Cincinnati, Ohio, and K.

also a collector, residing in Cleveland, Ohio, were quite intimate.

K. found the above mentioned species attached (as I did) by a bys-

sus, whereupon he, K., wrote to A. at Cincinnati, stating the fact,

and inviting him up to Cleveland, promising if he came, to go out

with him and show him the wonder. A. was not long in respond-

ing to the invitation, and the two went out together and saw the

shell attached by a byssus, sure enough.

“A. returned to Cincinnati soon afterwards and at once wrote to

his London correspondent that he, A., had discovered a Unio

attached by a byssus, and that he had invited his friend K., of

Cleveland, to come down, and had taken him out to see the wonder.

“Soon after this K., being in correspondence, as it happened,

with the same London party, wrote to him that he, K., had made

this wonderful discovery in Cleveland, and had taken his Cincin-

nati friend out to seeit. A., it seems, was ignorant of the fact that

K. was in correspondence with the same London party, and so got

himself inextricably trapped.

“My friend informed me that A. went by the name of ‘Old

Byssus’ for a long time afterwards.

“So much for a Jack of truth and candor. When the byssus was

first discovered by myself, I, in my innocence of the facts just related,

wrote to A. about it. He at once replied that it was not a new

thing. It had been found before. JTexchanged with A. quite a

number of years after this and received some good things from him.

Peace to his ashes! He is gone now, as are also most of the old

collectors of Cincinnati.”

These are the extracts and my only regret, in sending them is the

fact that I do not feel at liberty to give the name of the writer.

Very truly,

Jak.

Dr. R. E. C. Srearns, adjunct curator of the Department of

Mollusks at the National Museum, has left Washington for the

West Coast, for a season’s rest.

Mr. Henry Hemputvy will spend the sumn.er in Idaho.

12 THE NAUTILUS.

A. B. Kennpia, D. D. has changed his residence from 11 Hanson

Place, Brooklyn, to 287 Williams St., East Orange, N. Jersey.

Gro. T. Marsron has removed from Dupere, Wis., to Quincy,

Illinois.

Me. FrepeRIcK STeaRNS of Detroit, Michigan, who has been

spending the winter in the Sandwich Islands, has sailed for Japan,

where he will travel during the summer.

Frrenp Prispry: Will you not suggest in the Naurrius that

any conchologist travelling about the country should make it a point

to call upon his brother collectors, if he goes near their homes? I

hope no member if the A. A. C. who comes to Boston, will fail to

visit me at Revere, only six miles away. Surely introductions are

unnecessary in our little circle—Edward W. Roper.

We heartily endorse this suggestion, friend Roper!

EXCHANGES.

Exchange notices of moderate length will be inserted free for subscribers.

I HAVE SEVERAL hundred unusually fine specimens of Limnea

megasoma Say, to exchange for specimens of Spheriwm and

Pisidium.— George T. Marston, care of State Savings Loan and Trust

Co., Quincy, Ill.

W anvrEeD.—Marine univalves, especially of Mexico, Central and

South America. Offered—many specimens, Marine, Land, and

Fresh-Water, both U.S. and Foreign.—C. Browne, Framingham,

Mass.

Wantep.—To Exchange Northern Alabama Land and Fresh-

water Shells for shells from any other locality. Send lists and

receive mine—H. E. Sargent, Woodville, Jackson Co., Ala.

Marine, Land and Fresh-water shells to exchange for a pair of

vood singing Canary birds. I will send my exchange list to any

one that has such to exchange, or for shells that are not in my collec-

tion— Thomas Morgan, P. O. Box 164, Somerville, N. J.

Wanrep.—Arca and Zonites, from any locality, in exchange for

British land and fresh-water shells—-Robert Walton, Charles St.,

Lower Roxborough, Philadelphia, Pa. ‘-

x

nN)

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) l0cts. a copy.

/ ed, 2) T Se

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. Pitspry, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadciphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR:

C. W. Jounson, Acting Curator Wagner Institute of Science.

Vol. VI. JUNE, 1892. No. 2.

CONTENTS:

PAGE.

TuHE SHELL BEARING MOLLUSCA OF MICHIGAN. Bryant Walker. . Oe Pang

LITTORAL LAND SHELLS OF NEW JERSEY. Wm. B. Marshall... . . . . 19

BENG Mie REROSTROPEACH) O.eAm Crandall ammmemce ne er wel.) cl Ncaien ie pn 20

NoTeEs ON THE NoRTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF SuCCINEA. T. D.A.Cockerell. 21

QTINTE RIA ENOTES rae Geter as apc Mat), MMMM od teres los arctan MSU ce taa alee ie

EXCHANGES. CRS Se a Rs 62 kT SA MY i grec DORIC Pen en mB, SO

Published by

_ H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

il THE NAUTILUS.

JAMES W. QUEEN & CO., _

1010 CHESTNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA.

Microscopes and Supplies, Magnifying Glasses,

Insect Pins, Sheet Cork, Plant Presses,

Collecting Cases, Ete.

‘Send for Complete CATALOGUE B., also Sample Copy of

= the MICEOSCOPICAT BULLETIN.

For disposal at very moderate prices a fine lot of rare foreign shells. All are

British specimens exchanged for American.

No Posrau CArps.

correctly named and localized.

Address : Dr. J. T. T. REED,

__RYHOPE, SUNDERLAND, ENGLAND.

FOR SALE.

Tryon’s American Journal of Conchology, 7 vols. complete,

bound in half-morocco. Price, $25.00.

Address: LEARY’S OLD BOOK STORE,

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

THE OBSERVER,

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Address, E. F. BIGELOW, Publisher, PORTLAND, CONN.

fee: Nees:

VOL. VI. JUNE, 1892. No. 2.

THE SHELL BEARING MOLLUSCA OF MICHIGAN.

BY BRYANT WALKER, DETROIT, MICH.

In the ten years which have elapsed since the last catalogue of

Michigan shells was published, many species have been added to

the fauna of the State and our knowledge of the distribution of

others has been very largely increased. While it is not probable

that in the future the number of species will be largely added to,

there yet is abundant opportunity for our local collectors to add to

what must be admitted to be, on the whole, a meagre knowledge of

the exact range of the different species within our borders. Every

local list, carefully compiled, has its value; and if the publication of

this paper shall, by its incompleteness, serve to provoke the publica-

tion of the information already in the possession of the different

collectors scattered over the state, it will have accomplished not the

least of the purposes of its compilation.

The first catalogue of Michigan shells was published by Dr.

Abram Sagar, Zoologist of the Geological Survey, in 1839, and

enumerated seventy-six species.

The second, by Dr. Manly Miles, State Zoologist, was published

in the “ Report of the Geological Survey for 1860.”

The third was compiled in 1868 by Mr. A. O. Currier, of Grand

Rapids, and was published as one of the “ Miscellaneous Publica-

tions of the Kent Scientific Institute.”

In 1879 the writer published a fourth list in the Journal of

Conchology, Vol. 2, p. 325.

(13)

14 THE NAUTILUS.

The fifth and last general catalogue was published in 1881 as

“ Miscellaneous Publication No. 5 of the Kent Scientific Institute,”

and was compiled by Dr. W. H. De Camp, of Grand Rapids. Dr.

De Camp has very kindly furnished me with a manuscript continu-

ation of his catalogue to December, 1891, and I have made frequent

use of it for this paper. Species cited upon his authority and not

included in his original paper as published, will be understood to

be quoted from this supplement.

In 1859 Mr. Currier published a “ List of the shells collected in

the Grand River Valley,” and in 1865, “A Catalogue of the Mol-

lusca of Grand Rapids, Michigan,” (Am. Jour. of Conch. I, p. 292.)

As Mr. Currier’s catalogue of 1868 undoubtedly embodied all his

researches up to that time, the few particulars in which these earlier

lists differ from it do not require special mention, and references

hereafter made are to that publication.

In the “Report of the United States Fish Commission for

1872-3,” Mr. Sidney I. Smith, in a “Sketch of the Invertebrate

Fauna of Lake Superior,” gives a list of the mollusks of that region

which, while it is largely a compilation from the publications of

Binney and Gould, includes the result of a series of dredgings made

under the direction of the United States Lake Survey, and is espe-

cially valuable in showing the depths at which the various spécies

were found.

Preliminary reports of the same dredgings are to be found in

Vol. 2 of the “ Report of the Secretary of War for 1871,” and in

the “ Am. Jour. of Sci. and Arts” for December, 1871.

A local list of the species found near Ann Arbor, Washtenaw

county, was published by Mr. C. E. Beecher and myself in the

“Proceedings of the Ann Arbor Scientific Association for 1875-6.”

In addition to these lists many scattered references to Michigan

species occur in the American Journal of Conchology and in the

various writings of Binney, Gould, Lea, Tryon, Prime, Conrad and

Call.

In compiling the present catalogue I have endeavored to include

every species which has at any time been cited as an inhabitant of

the State. Where any such species is not represented in my own

collection I have given the authority for the citation.

In addition to my own collections, which have been mostly made

in the southeastern and northern portions of the state, I am indebted

to Dr. W. H. De Camp and Mr. L. H. Streng, of Grand Rapids,

THE NAUTILUS. 115:

for many specimens from the western part of the state; to Dr. M.

L. Leach, of Wexford, for a great deal of valuable material from

the central and northern portions; and to Mr. Jerome Trombly, of

Petersburg, for the local species of Monroe County.

Dr. V. Sterki has very kindly examined all the Pupide in my

possession, so that there can be no question as to the species of this

family so far as they are cited from my own collection.

It is greatly to be regretted that so littie is known of the shells

of the upper peninsula. It is practically a terra incognita to the

conchologist. With the exception of Gould’s citations in Agassiz’s

“ Lake Superior” and S. I. Smith’s paper above referred to, I have

not been able to find any published information in regard to the

fauna of that very important portion of the State. Some very

inconsiderable collections from a few points along the St. Mary’s

river comprise all my personal knowledge in this particular.

As no localities are given as a rule in the earlier catalogues, it is

impossible to say what information, if any, their compilers had on

this subject.

In view of this condition of affairs it might have been better to

have limited the title of this paper to the lower peninsula. As it is,

however, it will be understood that unless otherwise specified, all

remarks as to distribution are confined in that portion of the state

south of the Straits of Mackinac.

Selenites concavus Say. Throughout the lower peninsula and

probably further north, as it occurs at Lime Island in the St. Mary’s

river.

Vitrina limpida Gld. Traverse City and Lime Island in the St.

Mary’s river are the only localities yet recorded for this species.

Zonites fuliginosus Griff. Southern part of the State.

Z. ligerus Say. Not uncommon in the southern part of the

State.

[Z. inornatus Say. Cited by Sagar and Miles, but does not appear

to have been found by more recent collectors. |

Z. cellarius Mull. A few specimens were found several years ago

in a green-house in Detroit.

Z. nitidus Mull. Abundant everywhere.

Z. arboreus Say. Abundant everywhere.

Z. radiatulus Alder. Common but not as abundant as crdoreus.

Z. indentatus Say. Common everywhere.

16 THE NAUTILUS.

Z. limatulus Wd. Cited by De Camp from Traverse City ; also

by Miles and Currier.

Z. minusculus Binn. Generally distributed through the state.

Z. milium Mse. Islands in the St. Mary’s river.

Z. binneyanus Mse. Cited by Binney from Tawas City. I have

found it from Traverse City north to Lime Island. It is probably

confined to the northern part of the state.

Z. ferreus Mse. ‘Traverse City and Petoskey.

Z. exiguus Stimp. Generally distributed through the northern

part of the State.

Z. fuluus Dr. Common everywhere.

Z. suppressus Say. Rare. Cited by Binney but hoe: not appear

in any of the catalogues. Dr. M. L. Leach sent me specimens from

Fenton, Genessee County, a few years ago.

Z. multidentatus Say. Rare. Petoskey is the only locality

known to me. Cited also by Currier and De Camp.

Patula alternata Say. Abundant everywhere.

P. alternata alba. This form occurred quite commonly with the

type at Lime Island and Mackinac Island. Specimens from both

localities exhibit all gradations from the typical coloring to the

pure albino.

P. solitaria Say. An inhabitant of the southern portion of the

state; very rare in the southeastern part, where in some localities it

is extinct ; more common in the western part.

P. perspectiva Say. Throughout the State.

P. striatella Anth. Common everywhere.

P. striatella alba. Mackinac Island is the only locality where I

have found this form.

[ P. asteriscus Mse. This species was cited in my catalogue of

1879 by mistake. J am not aware that it has yet been found in

the state. ]

P. lineata Say. Common everywhere.

P. harpa Say. Petoskey is the only locality thus far recorded.

Punctum pygmeum minutissimum Lea. Appears to be generally

distributed through the state, but is easily overlooked on account of

its small size.

H. clausa Say. Cited by Sagar ia Miles but not by any recent

collector.

HT, multilineata Sa Common in the southern part of the state.

H. multilineata alba. Associated with type but not common.

THE NAUTILUS. il f/

H. multilineata unicolor. Cited by Currier and De Camp.

H. thyroides Say. Common throughout the state.

H. thyroides bucculenta Gld. Cited by De Camp.

H. albolabris Say. Common everywhere.

H. albolabris dentata. Occurs occasionally with the type.

H. albolabris martima Pils. Traverse City. Specimens of this

well marked form were sent to me by Dr. M. L. Leach, which

appear to be identical with examples from New Jersey. It has

been persistent in its present form for ages, as it is found unchanged

in the marl-beds upon which the living specimens were found. Dr,

Leach thus describes the habitat of the species: ‘“ The locality is

limited, containing only a few acres on and around the marl-bed

where their remains in connection with fluviatile shells are found in

a fossil condition. I find only now and then one of the same

variety anywhere else and that always not far away.”

A single specimen collected by Dr. Leach at Black Lake, Presque

Isle county, is probably referable to the same variety. This would

indicate a range across the entire northern part of the lower

peninsula.

H. exoleta Binn. Common in the southern part of the state.

Hi. elevata Say. Rare, if found at all in the state. The Grand

Rapids collectors have not found it, nor have I. Cited by Sagar

and Miles whose citations are followed in later catalogues. It

occurs in recent deposits near Ann Arbor, but is now extinct there.

H. profunda Say. Occurs commonly through the southern part

of the state.

H. profunda alba. Occasionally associated with the type.

H. sayii Binn. Cited in most of the catalogues but appears to

be rare and confined to the northern part of the state. Black Lake,

Presque Isle County, where it was collected by Dr. Leach, is the

only locality I know of.

H. hirsuta Say. Common everywhere.

H. monodon Rack. Common everywhere.

H. monodon fraterna Say. Not as common as the type.

H. leaii Ward. Southern part of the state, common.

H. tridentata Say. Appears to be generally distributed through

the state as it is cited in all catalogues.

H. fallax Say. More abundant than tridentata, judging from my

own experience.

18 THE NAUTILUS.

H. palliata Say. Probably throughout the state although I have

seen no specimens from localities north of Gratiot County.

H. palliata alba, Cited by Currier.

H. inflecta Say- Southern part of the state.

H. pulchella Mull. Common in the southern part of the state.

The costate form does not appear to have been found in the state as

yet. It occurs on Put-in-Bay Island, Lake Erie, and no doubt

will eventually be found within our borders.

H. labyrinthica Say. Everywhere in greater or less abundance.

Pupa fallax Say. Cited by Miles. Ann Arbor is the only local-

ity from which I have it.

P. corticaria Say. Cited by De Camp from Kent County.

P. armifera Say. Southern part of the state.

P. contracta Say. Everywhere. Common.

Vertigo decora Gld. Cited by De Camp from Kent County.

V. ovata Say. Generally distributed over the state.

[V. gouldii Binn. Cited by Miles and De Camp. My own cita-

tion of 1879 was an error based on a specimen now referred to

tridentata. | .

V. bollesiana Mse. Very generally distributed through the state.

V. ventricosa Mse. Cited by De Camp from Kent County.

V. tridentata Wolf. Ann Arbor.

V. pentodon Say. Common.

V. curvidens Gld. Oakland and Macomb Counties.

V. edentula simplex Gld. Not common but ranges generally

over the state.

V. milium Gld. Southern part of the state.

Ferussacia subcylindrica L. Generally distributed over the state.

Succinea aurea Lea. Cited by De Camp from Kent county.

S. avara Say. Abundant everywhere. Also cited as S. vermeta

Say, by Miles, Currier and De Camp.

[S. campestris Say. Cited by Sagar, but evidently a mistake for

S. obliqua which does not occur in his list. Miles gives obliqua but

also gives campestris, probably quoting blindly from Sagar in this

as in other instances. |

S. obliqua Say. Common all over the state.

S. ovalis Gld. Abundant everywhere. This species is occasion-

ally infested by a species of Leucochloridium similar to the L.

paradoxum Carus, found in the S. putris L. of Europe and figured

by Baudon in Jour. de Conch. V. 27, pl. X, fig. 6. In the same

THE NAUTILUS. 19

journal (V. 28, p. 205) is published a note from the late Thomas

Bland, recording a similar occurrence in a specimen of S. obliqua

Say.

S. ovalis decampii Tryon. Described originally from Marshall in

this state.

S. ovalis peoriensis Wolf. A number of years ago, at the sug-

gestion of Dr. James Lewis, I sent examples of a Suceinea, common

in this vicinity, to Mr. John Wolf, of Canton, Illinois, who identi-

fied them as a form he had named as above. I am not aware that

a formal description has ever been published. It is a well marked

form, easily separated from ovalis, and occurs abundantly in all

parts of the state. It is closely allied to S. decampii Tryon and

may be identical, but differs in color and lacks the black margin

said to be characteristic of that species.

S. ovalis higginsiti Bld. Specimens from Alpena received from

Dr. W. A. Nason and said to have been identified by Dr. James

Lewis, are the only ones I have seen from this state. The speci-

mens referred to lack the parietal tooth supposed to be characteristic

of the form.

( To be continued.)

LITTORAL LAND SHELLS OF NEW JERSEY.

BY WM. B. MARSHALL.

H. A. Pilsbry’s list of shells, published under the above title, in

the April Naurrus, is deficient by at least one species. In

August, 1890, I collected one specimen of Succinea avara Say at

Cape May, N. J. The exact locality was on the ocean front, at 8th

Avenue, Mt. Vernon, between Cape May City and Cape May

Point, and was not more than 200 feet from the line of high tide.

Mr. Pilsbry says, ‘‘ The Atlantic shore of New Jersey is so sandy

that few land snails find suitable conditions there.” It is very true

that land snails are very uncommon along the shore, but, in my

opinion, their rarity is due to some cause other than the nature of

the soil. The chalky dead shells of mollusks and crustaceans, which

are abundant in the vicinity of the shore, furnish the snails a ready

supply of lime; and the wild pea vines which grow in tangled

masses, covering large areas of ground, afford a succulent article of

diet.

20 VHE NAUTILUS.

PHYSA HETEROSTROPHA.

BY O. A. CRANDALL, SEDALIA, MO.

Is there such a species as that described by Say? If so, what is

it? I am led to make this inquiry after a study of this genus for

several years. The first question will of course be answered unani-

mously in the affirmative, but how many will agree as to the main

characteristics of the species? I have examined during the last

year many lots labelled P. heterostropha Say, and have not found

two lots alike. They include all forms from the cylindrical P. gyrina

Say, to the shouldered P. ancillaria Say, and have any number

of whorls from three to siz. Most of them were labelled by ama-

teurs, who have no means of identifying the species except by fol-

lowing a rather meagre printed description ; and it can hardly be

expected that all should agree. Very few collectors have oppor-

tunity to see type specimens, and it is very annoying to have to

send every “find” to some noted conchologist for identification.

Besides, I find about as much diversity of opinion regarding Physze

amongst our professors as amongst amateurs, hence, I write this

article for the purpose of procuring a correct description of this

species. Say describes the shell as “subovate, having four whorls,

the first large, the others terminating rather abruptly in an acute

apex; aperture large, somewhat oval, three-fourths the length of

the shell, or rather more.” These are the only characteristics given

that are not common to many other shells. Binney, in “ Land and

Fresh Water Shells of N. A.,” part 2, page 84, gives two figures:

Fig. 144 from Say’s type and Fig. 145 from Say’s figure, which are

about as near alike as a bean and a pea. Which shall we follow?

The description is silent as to the form of the spire whorls and sut-

ures, but from the fact that Fig. 144 shows convex whorls and

impressed sutures, and from the other fact that Binney, after hay-

ing seen the type specimen, placed in its synonymy P. philippi

Kuster, P. cylindrica Newcomb, P. fontana Hald. and P. plicata

De Kay, all of which have somewhat convex whorls and impressed

sutures, it is fair to presume that these characters belong to the

shell under consideration.

Add this presumption to the description given by Say, and we

have a very fair description of what is generally considered one of

onr most common shells, and which ought to be easily identified by

THE NAUTILUS. Dit

any person who will hold strictly to the distinctive characters

mentioned. But unfortunately Mr. Binney has placed P. fontana,

having only three whorls, P. plicata, having four to five whorls, and

two other species having five whorls each, and two species having

flattened whorls, in the synonymy of this species, which has four

convex Whorls. There never can be a systematic classification of

species until we cease to mix forms in this manner. The number

and form of the whorls are the most reliable characters upon which

a species can be based. It is one of the laws of nature that every

animal, every bird and every insect, of the same species, builds its

house in the same form. So the structures of every snail shell of

the same species must be substantially the same as to texture, and

number, and form of whorls. They may vary in color, height of

spire, form of aperture and other characters that may be affected by

accident or environment, but as to the structural form of its own

skeleton it must follow its progenitors. So I conclude that every

adult member of the same species must have the same number of

whorls.

Coming back again to the main question. What is Physa hetero-

stropha Say? It isashell subovate in form, having four whorls,

spire whorls somewhat convex, sutures impressed, spire elevated, ter-

minating in an acute apex, aperture large and oval, but not inflated.

The spire whoris are more convex than in P. gyrina Say and not so

much as in P. showalteri Lea or P. halei Lea. It holds an inter-

mediate place between the flattened and most convex whorls. It is

never cylindrical, and the type is not inflated nor ventricose.

Varieties may be slightly inflated but never so much as to resemble

P. vinosa Gld. or P. sayii Tappan, which are frequently taken for

this species.

If I am not correct, will some person who has seen the type speci-

men, revise and correct the description herein given ?

NOTES ON THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF SUCCINEA.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL.

For some time past I have been accumulating notes on the North

American Succinee, hoping to be able to classify them more pre-

22 THE NAUTILUS.

cisely than has hitherto been done. As I have no longer time or

opportunity for this work, I venture to put together the following

notes, on the chance of their proving useful to other students. The

genus is a most difficult one, and until someone will elaborately

monograph the American species as Baudon has the French ones,

we seem hardly likely to arrive at any satisfactory arrangement.

With regard to the opinions given below, it is to be understood that

they are nothing better than opinions, founded on the material

examined. Further study with more abundant material would very

likely cause some of them to be altered.

The American species of Succinea may be divided into four sec-

tions, three of which have received subgeneric names.

Sect. 1. Amphibine.

—= Amphibina (Htm.) Morch.

(1.) Sueccinea pfeifferi Rossm. Many of the American forms of

ovalis Gould are not to be separated from the European

pfeifferi, while others, also hardly distinct from ovalis, might

in the absence of intermediates be supposed to represent a

peculiarly American species. The American forms of Suc-

einea, both in this and other groups, are very closely allied,

but at the same time seem more constant in their slight

peculiarities than those of Europe. In Ann. and Mag. of

Nat. Hist., March, 1887, I referred ovalis to pfeifferi, and

nothing since has appeared to prove otherwise:

(1a.) S. pfeifferi var. brevis Pascal. This variety was originally

called brevis, but afterwards uhnecessarily changed by

Baudon to brevispirata, because there is aS. brevis in Central

America. I received a characteristic specimen, collected by

Mr. D. B. Cockerell at Toronto, Canada. In shape, this

variety is very like S. higginsi, and probably the two will be

found to intergrade.

(2.) S. higginst Bland. Probably a variety or subspecies of pfeif-

feri, but a specimen marked higginsi, which I saw in the

Binney and Bland Collection, at the American Museum of

Natural History," seemed to have affinity with S. elegans,

while another in the same collection resembled pfeifferi very

closely.

1 T was much indebted to Mr. Sanderson Smith for his kindness in showing

me this collection when I was in New York.

THE NAUTILUS. 33

(3.) S. haleana Lea. A specimen in the Binney and Bland Collec-

tion, from Alexandria, La., marked “ halei Lea, type,’ seems

to me to be specifically identical with ovalis Gould.

(4.) S. retusa Lea. Said to be a variety or subspecies of ovalis, but

so far as I was able to judge from a specimen in the Binney

and Bland Collection, it is a valid species allied to S. elegans.

(5.) S. concordialis Gould. Mr. J. A. Singley sent me this from

Lee Co., Texas. It is allied to pfeifferi, but more pellucid

and shiny; thin but rather strong; color, very pale horn. [|

have also seen a specimen in the Binney and Bland Collec-

tion.

(6.) S. forsheyi Lea. A specimen in the Binney and Bland Col-

lection is from Rutersville, Texas, the original locality. It

is shiny and very near to pfetfferv.

(7.) S. nuttalliana Lea. Mr. J. H. Thomson sent me five specimens

collected in Wyoming in 1877, which no doubt belong to

nuttalliana. They are shiny, with lines of growth well

marked; in shape, like pfeiferi, varying towards avara ;

color, like avara. A specimen in the Binney and Bland

Collection, from Portland, Oregon, is similar.

(8.) S. elegans Risso. Mr. D. B. Cockerell sent me specimens found

by rivers and streams at Toronto, which I could not distin-

guish specifically from the European elegans. At the same

time, they are equally close to S. haydeni which may, I think,

be considered a variety or subspecies of elegans. A speci-

men of haydeni in the Binney and Bland Collection tends

to confirm this opinion.

(9.) S. hawkinsi Baird. This I have not seen, but it is apparently

very close to elegans.

( Zo be continued.)

GENERAL NOTES.

In the July number of the Nauriuus it is proposed to begin a

series of articles upon the collection and preservation of shells.

Notes bearing upon these subjects will be welcome.

«* & > While at Maldonado, Uruguay, I succeeded in finding

Helix costellata D’Orb, under dead leaves in damp localities. While

in the bay I procured about twenty dredgings with very good results,

having at least three species of Corbula, and about fifty other

24 THE NAUTILUS.

species of various genera. As we are to return to that place from

time to time I will be enabled to add te them. The next few days

I shall try to hunt up the H. elevata D’Orb, and the fresh-water

species surrounding Montevideo.—Dr. William H. Rush, in letter to

Ed.

He icra occutta Say, has been re-discovered living in western

Pennsylvania at Wildwood and at Cayuga, on the Allegheny River,

Allegheny Co., by Mr. 8. H. Stupakoff of Swissvale, Pa.

THE OLD, OLD srory!—A number of fine pearls, some of them of

considerable value, were found recently in mussel shells on the

shoals in White river, near Seymour, Ind. One man realized $75

from his find in a few weeks.— Phila. Public Ledger.

EXCHANGES.

(Exchange notices of moderate length will be inserted free for subscribers.)

CRETACEOUS AND EOCENE FOSSILS, minerals, agates, marine and

fresh-water shells, to exchange for rare marine shells, cloth-bound

books or agates.—Homer Squyer, Mingusville, Mont.

Herkimer County LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS to ex-

change for desirable species from other localities. Send lists and

receive mine.—Albert Bailey, Chepachet, N. Y.

I HAVE SEVERAL hundred unusually fine specimens of Limnea

megasoma Say, to exchange for specimens of Spheriwm and

Pisidium.— George T. Marston, care of State Savings Loan and Trust

Co., Quincy, Lil.

W antep.—Marine univalves, especially of Mexico, Central and

South America. Offered—many specimens, Marine, Land, and

Fresh-Water, both U.S. and Foreign.—C. Browne, Framingham,

Mass.

Wantep.—To Exchange Northern Alabama Land and Fresh-

water Shells for shells from any other locality. Send lists and

receive mine—H. E. Sargent, Woodville, Jackson Oo., Ala.

Marine, Land and Fresh-water shells to exchange for a pair of

good singing Canary birds. I will send my exchange list to any

one that has such to exchange, or for shells that are not in my collec-

tion.— Thomas Morgan, P. O. Box 164, Somerville, N. J.

Wantep.—Areca and Zonites, from any locality, in exchange for

British land and fresh-water shells—-Robert Walton, Charles St.,

Lower Roxborough, Philadelphia, Pa.

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy.

Je) 6l// +4 ‘Te JUL 7 7909

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. Pitsgpry, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR:

C. W. Jounson, Acting Curator Wagner Institute of Science.

deed Nae! Sem

Vol. VI. JULY, 1892. No. 3.

CON TEN®s:

PAGE.

SOME REMARKS ON NEw JERSEY COAST SHELLS. John Ford. . . . . . 25

Nores ON THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF SUCCINEA. (Continued.)

sive AMCockerelleerw cul. ot > «MRRP Toute a Pin! xc ve bese (oy sO)

THE SHELL BEARING MOLLUSCA OF MICHIGAN. Bryant Walker. . . . . 31

GENER NOES -ehman ul atigsh |) s/s. is MMCWEUSD aur enacts feb heab sly wi’. OO

DReGEDMN CES MTT roe ai y.4. | 4! + RMEMer Feral. Mey Ben yet Bivo lich ey, a OO

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

ll THE NAUTILUS.

JAMES W. QUEEN & CO.,

1010 CHESTNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA.

Microscopes and Supplies, Magnifying Glasses,

Insect Pins, Sheet Cork, Plant Presses,

Collecting Cases, Ete.

Send for Complete CATALOGUE B., also Sample Copy of

= the MICROscoPpICAL BULLETIN.

For disposal at very moderate prices a fine lot of rare foreign shells, All are

correctly named and localized. British specimens exchanged for American.

No Posrau Carps.

Address : Dr. J. T. T. REED,

___RYHOPE, SUNDERLAND, ENGLAND.

FOR SALE.

Tryon’s American Journal of Conchology, 7 vols. complete,

bound in half-moroeeco. Price, $25.00.

Address: LEARY’S OLD BOOK STORE,

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

THE OBSERVER.

A MEDIUM OF INTERCHANGE OF OBSERVATIONS

S10 ANIL ——

Students and Lovers of Nature

DEVOTED TO

All Departments of Nature Studies. Eniarged and Changed to Magazine Form.

Subscription $1.00 a year. Send for sample copy.

Address, E. F. BIGELOW, Publisher, PORTLAND, CONN.

NOTICE! ;

JAMES A. HARKINS,

ATLANTIC CITY, N. J.

Having been appointed United States agent for a well known Euro-

pean Dealer, offers a large and well selected stock of CHOICE CABINET

SHELLS, all fresh and perfect. Many RARE specimens not offered for

sale elsewhere in this country. Personal attention given to orders by

mail, correspondence solicited.

Address: 1116 ATLANTIC AVENUE,

ATLANTIC CITY, N. J.

PLATE l.

WALKER, MOLLUSCA OF MICHIGAN.

ae: Nevius.

VOL. VI. JULY, 1892. No. 3.

SOME REMARKS ON NEW JERSEY COAST SHELLS.

BY JOHN FORD.*

Of the thousands of visitors to Atlantic City, Cape May and

adjacent seaside towns, perhaps not one-tenth part give a thought to

the myriads of living creatures other than human that sport in the

surf, dally in the pools or hide in the sheltering sands. Yet it is

not unlikely that the most superficial examination of these lowly

forms would convince the observer that even seaside resorts may

yield nobler pleasures than those of a physical nature only.

How many of these persons, I wonder, know that the despised

Sea Nettles (Medusze) often exhibit forms of surpassing beauty,

rivaling in structure the most delicate of laces! And who of all

the vast crowd think it worth while to note the wonderful variations

in structure of the many species of crabs, shrimp, sandhoppers and

other crustaceans dwelling between tides, and in some instances, in

sands above the surf? Yet few if any phases of animal life, not

even the transformation of a caterpillar to a butterfly, are as

* Hditor of Nautiuus,

Dear Sir:

The thought has occurred to me that many of the NAurixvs readers would be inter-

ested, now and then, in articles less technical and scientific than those usually pre-

sented in its columns. In order to test the matter I take the liberty of offering for

insertion the subjoined chat regarding New Jersey Coast Mollusks and a few of

their neighbors. Very truly,

JOHN FORD.

26 THE NAUTILUS.

remarkable as the periodic metamorphoses of certain species belong-

ing to this order. Near the water’s edge, when the tide is low,

many other interesting creatures may be seen, including the sea

anemones with their parti-colored crowns of tentacles; and pretty

plant-like forms (Corallines) whose chief representative on the New

Jersey coast is the so-called

fox or squirrel-tail Sertu-

laria argentea Johnson.

To most persons this ap-

pears to be an ordinary sea

plant, but the careful stu-

dent knows that in each of

the tiny cells adorning the

undried specimen, dwells

one of the little architects

and builders of the whole

graceful structure.

None of these creatures,

however, are more worthy

of observation or study

than are the native mol-

lusks, reference to which is

the chief purpose of this

article. These dwell on

the entire coast in count-

less numbers, but they are

seldom exposed in quantity

except by southeastern

storms or gales which,

striking the beach breast

on, often tear up and carry

Fulgur canaliculata. large masses of sand with

their unfortunate occupants beyond the reach of succeeding tides.

It is not unusual for hundreds of tons of mollusks to be thus forced

from their homes and left to die of starvation and exposure. Quite

a number of the native species are edible. The first of these in

the order of demand is, of course, the oyster, Ostrea virginica ;

next, the hard shell clam, Venus mercenaria; third, that precious

favorite of all New York aldermen, the soft shell clam, Mya aren-

aria. He who has not eaten a dish of these on Coney Island beach

THE NAUTILUS. HE.

would be deemed by the said New York magnates a “very unfor-

tunate man” indeed. Less delicate in flavor than the latter species

are the common sea clams, Mactra solidissima, when not more than

half grown. Sea mussels, Mytilus edulis, are

also considered palatable though they are not

very highly relished in this vicinity. In New

York and New England, however, they are

much esteemed by epicures.

Among the fishermen of Long Island Sound

the large Conch, Fulgur carica, is often

utilized for soup. But the writer knows by

experience that this is not the kind of food a

delicate palate will long for.

Another edible species, and one far more

toothsome, is the little periwinkle, Litorina Lit-

orea, a species probably introduced from

Europe. Until recently they were quite rare

Mytilus edulis var. :

pellucidus. south of Raritan Bay, but at present a fine

colony may be seen on the flats a little west of the Inlet House at

Atlantic City. The pretty species, Litorina irrorata, a more south-

ern form, also edible, appeared in large numbers on the bay side,

near Longport, N. J., about three years ago, but

the conditions surrounding them changed shortly

afterward and the colony disappeared quite as

quickly and mysteriously as it came. A few spec

imens may still be secured on the adjacent flats

but they are much less perfect than were those

of the colony referred to.

Many of the shells produced by the several

species mentioned are well worthy of a niche in Litorina litorea.

the collector’s cabinet, especially so if taken alive and in situ.

Otherwise the more recent additions to the lip-edges are apt to be

injured by the action of the surf.

But there are hosts of other native shells besides

those referred to, that may be profitably utilized by

lovers of Nature’s handiwork. Among the most

prominent of these are the large pear-shaped Conch,

4) \ Fulgur canaliculata ; the several species of Pholades,

we” including the largest known form, Pholas costata,

Litorina irrorata. Which often secretes itself in the hardest limestone ;

28 THE NAUTILUS.

the canoe shells, Modiola plicatula; the razors, Solen americanus and

S. viridis ; the arks, Arca pexata and A. transversa ; the boat shells,

Naticaheros and N. duplicata ; the cup and saucer shells, Crepidula

plana, C. fornicata and C. glauca; the ladder shells, Scala hum-

phreystt and (rarely) S. lineata;

. the scallops, Pecten irradians, the

4 adductor muscles of which are

largely used for food, thousands of

gallons being sold annually by the

coast fishermen. In addition to

these there are several small species

belonging to the genera Columbedla,

Pholas (Zirphza) crispata.

Nassa and others, making the entire number living between Brig-

antine Inlet and Cape May about fifty species. At no special point,

even on the most favorable occasions, can all of these

be obtained. A large share, however, may at times be

secured on the sea and bay shores near Longport, at

Townsend’s Inlet, Five Mile Beach and the Inlet two or.

three miles northeast of Cape May. But there is no

locality known to the writer where species are so plenti-

ful as at Anglesea; here, during a short visit last sum-

mer, thirty-nine species were secured by him.

Nearly all of these were found living on a small guy. yum

peninsula about a half mile south of the Anglesea _ phreysii.

Hotel. Fulgur carica, the largest of our coast shells, were unusu-

Pecten irradians, Arca pexata.

THE NAUTILUS. 29

ally abundant, many of them being per-

fect in form, and exhibiting in the aper-

tures the rarest shades of crimson, pur-

ple and orange. Excellent specimens of

Natica duplicata were also found here in

situ, these offering a new revelation

to the collector as he saw, when

lifting them from their beds, fine jets of

water spouting in every direction from

the edges of each large saucer-shaped

foot. Both of these species were carried

to the hotel and boiled—the former

about ten minutes the latter two or three

minutes. This made the removal of the

animals an easy matter, leaving the lus-

tre of the shells and color of the aper-

tures uninjured. It should be remem-

bered that the peninsula referred to is

only free from water when the tide is

nearing its lowest stage; also that the

tide is low there at about the same hour

it is high in Philadelphia.

In conclusion it may be well to inform

the young collector that in the search for

seashells at least three adjuncts are neces-

sary—a trowel for digging purposes, a

water-tight jar for preserving living speci-

mens and a good sized basket for large

shells. With these in hand, and a taste

for the work, there is no reason in the

world why he shouldn’t be both success-

ful and happy.

Solen americanus.

NOTES ON THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF SUCCINEA.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL.

(Continued from last number.)

(10.) S. sillimani Bland. This also may have to be united with

elegans. Mr. L. B. Elliott sent me a specimen, pale horn

30 THE NAUTILUS.

color, fragile and thin, collected at Denver, Colorado. There

is a similar specimen in the Binney and Bland Collection.

(11.) S. salleana Pfr. A specimen in the Binney and Bland Col-

lection, from Alexandria, La., is white, and allied to S.

elegans.

(12.) S. wilsoni Lea. Mr. Singley sent me this from Brevard Co.,

Florida, and I make the following note: pfeifferi group ;

may be a good species; amber color, rather shiny, more

obtuse and swollen than most pfeifferi. Agrees with Lea’s

description, but spire shorter than in his figure.

(18.) S. effusa Shutt. A specimen in the Binney and Bland Col-

lection is from Spring Garden Lake, Fla. A good species, -

allied to pfeifferi.

Sect. II. Neritostome.

== Neritostoma (Klein) Morch.

(14.) S. putris L. 8. obliqua is generally not to be distinguished in

anything from this. I found putris in 1887 close to the

Cave of the Winds, at Niagara Falls. There is also a speci-

men from Niagara in the Binney and Bland Collection,

marked obliqua. Mr. Singley sent me specimens of obliqua,

collected in Carleton Co., Ontario, Canada. They approach

S. virescens Jeffreys (non Morel.) rather than putris, the

color being pale greenish-horn. One form, which may be

considered typical, was 16 mill. long, spire 53 mill. long,

texture like putris. The other, which represented a variety,

was 15 mill. long, spire 3! mill. long—a more globose shell,

which can probably not be separated from S. virescens Jeff,

of Europe. Say’s var. ovalis is very near to this,

(15.) S. totteniana Lea. I received this from Mr. Singley, collected

by Mr. E. W. Roper at Revere, Mass. It is, I think, a good

species—an extreme form allied to virescens. Shell yellow-

ish-green, inflated and thin, whorls rounded, mouth broad,

spire short.

(16.) S. grosvenorii Lea. Specimens from Lee Co., Texas, were

kindly submitted to me by Mr. Singley. They comprised

two forms, one greenish and the other, which may be called

var. rufescens, reddish and more globose. The species is a good

THE NAUTILUS. 31

deal like putris, but smallish and spire longer; whorls con-

vex. It seems to be a good species. I have also seen it from

Alexandria, La., in the Binney and Bland Collection.

(17.) S. stretchiana Bland. I have seen this from San Francisco,

Cal. (G. W. Michael), sent by Mr. Singley. It seems to be

a small species of the putris group, allied to S. parvula

Drouét, of Europe. Reddish-horn, not very shiny, striate,

spire rather large. In the Binney and Bland Collection,

one from Washoe Co., Nevada, looks rather like avara, at

least in color; but another from Oregon is brown and

resembles the putris group. There is a form major Ancey,

ms. (sine deser.), nearly twice the size of the type, recorded

by Yarrow, from Pagosa, Colo.

THE SHELL BEARING MOLLUSCA OF MICHIGAN.

BY BRYANT WALKER, DETROIT, MICH.

Carychium exiguum Say. Common everywhere.

C. exile H. C. Lea. Although not as common as C. exiguum,

the localities where this form has been found indicate that it will be

found generally distributed over the state.

Limnea stagnalis L. Pl. I, fig. 6.

Occurs all over the State, often in great abundance. An extreme

form, in which the body whorl is obtusely angulated, and the aper-

ture much enlarged, from Houghton Lake, Roscommon County, is

shown in fig. 6.

LL. stagnalis jugularis Say. Pl. I, figs. 1, 2, 3.

I think this form is entitled to varietal rank. It is not as com-

mon as the typical form and seems to occur usually by itself. Fig-

ures 1, 2 and 3 from Black Lake, Presque Isle County, may be

referred here ; but the expansion of the lip, especially of fig. 1, is not

typical, and is probably due to some peculiar local conditions. AI

the specimens from this locality are a pure translucent white. The

Physa fragilis of Mighels is probably a similar case in another

genus.

L. stagnalis sanctemarie. PI. I, figs. 4 and 5.

32

3 THE NAUTILUS.

This form from the Neebish Rapids of the St. Mary’s River is

well characterized by its small size, and the flattening of the upper

part of the body whorl, which gives a mammilliform appearance

to the short, rapidly acuminating spire. The relative size of this

variety and the typical ZL. stagnalis is shown by comparing figs. 4

and 5 with fig. 6.

L. ampla Migh. Houghton Lake, Roscommon County, is the

only locality I know of for this species. Specimens from there,

submitted to the late Dr. James Lewis, were so named by him. In

the form in which it is found in Michigan, it seems doubtfully dis-

tinct from L. emarginata Say.

LL. decollata Migh. Cited by Currier and DeCamp. I have with

some hesitation referred specimens from Mullet Lake, Sheboygan

County, to this form.

I. megasoma Say. Occurs in great abundance in the Higgins

River, Roscommon County ; also found at different localities in the

St. Mary’s River. It seems to be confined to the northern part of

the state.

LL. refleca Say. PI. I, fig. 8.

Generally distributed over the state, and as usual in the genus,

exhibits a considerable degree of variability. In some forms it is

difficult to distinguish from ZL. palustris Mull. ZL. wmbrosa Say is

cited by De Camp as distinet. Fig. 8 is a specimen with a remark-

ably expanded lip, from the River Rouge, Wayne County.

L. refleca zebra Tryon. Occurs frequently, associated with the

type, and is easily connected with it in any considerable number of

specimens,

LL. reflexa exilis Lea. The specimens on which the citation of

this form in the catalogue of 1879 was based, are referred to the

type by Mr. Pilsbry. They differ sufficiently from the large form

usually found, as figured by Haldeman (Monograph pl. 8), although

the whorls are not as flattened as the typical exilis from the Western

States requires.

L. reflexa kirtlandiana Lea. This form is not entitled to more

than varietal rank. Specimens from the original locality in Ohio

agree very closely with examples from southern Michigan. Speci-

mens from the St. Mary’s River are more slender and more fragile,

and are nearer to Utah examples received under this name from

Mr. Hemphill.

THE NAUTILUS. 00

L. reflexa scalaris. Pl. I, fig. 7.

Spire elongated, whorls rounded and suture deeply impressed.

This form, which occurs occasionally, associated with the type, in

the marshes at the mouth of the Rouge River, Wayne County, I

cited without sufficient consideration, in my catalogue of 1879 as

var. distortus Rossm.

L. columella Say. Southern part of the state but not abundant.

LL. lanceata Gld. This may prove to be a form of ZL. reflexa. It

is cited in all the catalogues, but I believe wholly because the origi-

nal specimens came from the north shore of Lake Superior. Spec-

imens from Belle Isle, Detroit River, are said by Pilsbry to be close

to Gould’s types in the Academy’s collection.

LL. palustris Mull. Found everywhere in great abundance and

variety. A striped form similar to L. refleca zebra is sometimes

found. Limnophysa fragilis Linn., cited by De Camp, would seem

to belong here. Dr. De Camp informs me that the L. intertexta of

Currier, cited in his catalogue but never described, is a form of this

species.

L. palustris michiganensis. Pl. I, figs. 9 and 10.

This form is similar to variety D, as figured by Haldeman in his

Monograph pl. 6, fig. 7, but is much smaller, the length being but

half an inch. It is very delicately striate and under the glass

shows many very fine spiral lines cutting the striz. The aperture

is just one-half the length of the shell. The lip is thickened by a

rib within the inner margin, which shows itself as a white band on

the outer surface. Spire acute, suture impressed, umbilicus small.

Haldeman’s figure above cited, if reduced nearly one-half, would

be an excellent representation of this variety; except that the

whorls are more rounded and suture more deeply impressed than in

this form. Figure 9 is from Ecorse and figure 10 from Greenfield,

Wayne County. I am indebted for examples from Oregon to Mr.

Pilsbry, who informs me that it ranges west from Michigan to

Washington.

L. binneyi Tryon. Cited by De Camp from Houghton Lake.

L. haydeni Lea. Cited by De Camp from Houghton Lake.

L. traskii Tryon. Cited by De Camp from Newaygo County.

L. contracta Currier. Higgins Lake, Roscommon County is the

only locality known for this curious form. It is either a semi-fossil,

extinct species or an inhabitant of deep water, as only dead speci-

mens have ever been found as I have been informed.

34 THE NAUTILUS.

L. emarginata Say. A very abundant species through the north-

ern part of the state and of great variety. Its most characteristic feat-

ure being a thick heavy shell, usually pure white and usually quite

opaque, sometimes translucent. Specimens from Higgins Lake,

Roscommon County, exhibit great variety in the form of the aper-

ture which is frequently much expanded. Specimens from Sault

St. Marie approach very close to Haldeman’s figures of his L. ser-

rata (Mon. pl. 2, fig. 6-8).

I. catascopium Say. An abundant and characteristic species of

the Great Lakes, and their connecting rivers. Specimens from the

north acquire the thick solid shell so common in emarginata.

LL. caperata Say. Cited by Miles, Currier, Smith and De Camp.

LI. cubensis Pfr. This form, hitherto known as L. wmbilicata

Ads., has a range over the whole of the State.

L. pallida Ad. Cited by Miles, Currier and De Camp.

LL. desidiosa Say. Very common everywhere.

L. humilis Say. Very common and variable.

LL. galbana Say (?) The form thus doubtfully designated, if not

the living representative of Say’s fossil species, has never been

described. It has been found in Emmet, Grand Traverse, Alpena

and Oakland Counties, and would thus seem to have a wide range

through the state. It is a well marked form and seems to be sub-

ject to less variation than is usual in this genus.

L. bulimoides Lea. Cited by De Camp, ‘“‘ found in greenhouse,

probably introduced by plants.”

L. gracilis Jay. Reed’s Lake, Kent County, is the only Michi-

gan locality known for this species.

Physa lordi Baird. Northern part of the state. P. parkeri

Currier, from Houghton Lake, is generally considered a synonym.

P. aneillaria Say. Generally distributed over the State, and

exhibits a great degree of variability.

P. sayi Tapp. Very common. Cited by Currier and De Camp

as var. Warreniana Lea. Specimens from a small pond near

Traverse City, collected by Dr. Leach, are remarkable for the ten-

uity of the shell and the expansion of the outer lip. In some

instances the newly formed lip was so thin as to be completely

reflected back on the outside of the shell. Whether the local influ-

ences in this case were similar to those which, according to Prof.

E. S. Morse, produced the Physa fragilis Mighels I cannot tell ;

but the two forms would seem to be identical.

THE NAUTILUS. ae

P. vinosa Gld. Originally described from specimens collected on

the north shore of Lake Superior, this species has been cited by

Miles, Currier, Smith and De Camp without further knowledge of

its occurrence. Recently, however, specimens from the Detroit

River and St. Clair Flats have been referred to this form by Mr.

R. E. C. Stearns, of the U. S. Nat. Museum.

P. anatina Lea. Although not cited from the western part of

the state, its occurrence in Washtenaw, Macomb, Lapeer and

Grand Traverse Counties show that it has a general distribution

through the eastern and northern part of the state. Mr. R. E. C.

Stearns, speaking of specimens from the Clinton River, Macomb

County says: “ Your specimens are the brightest and handsomest I

have seen.”

P. pomilia Con. Cited by De Camp as var. Showalteri Lea. I

am indebted to Mr. Streng for specimens from Grand Rapids.

P. gyrina Say. Very abundant and in great variety of form.

P. gyrina hildrethiana Lea. Very common everywhere.

P. elliptica Lea. Cited by De Camp, as are also P. oleacea Tryon

and Febigeri Lea, which are considered as synonyms by Tryon.

P. heterostropha Say. Common everywhere and in almost infi-

nite variety.

P. brevispira Lea. Specimens from the Detroit River have been

identified as this species by Mr. Pilsbry.

P. deformis Currier. This species, originally described from

Grand Rapids, is cited also by De Camp in his catalogue. Dr. De

Camp writes: “I do not believe that this is a distinct species.”

Aplexa hypnorum L, Common everywhere.

A. hypnorum tryoni Currier. Distinguished by its larger size and

deeper coloring.

A. integra Hald. Generally distributed through the state and

quite common. I follow Tryon in including Lea’s P. niagarensis

asasynonym. Mr. R. E. C. Stearns, however, informs me that

our Michigan species is niagarensis and that Haldeman’s integra is a

southern species not extending further north than Indiana. The

Michigan form agrees, however, with specimens received as P.

integra from the late Dr. Jas. Lewis.

To be concluded.

(ey)

lor)

THE NAUTILUS.

GENERAL NOTES.

GONIOBASIS VIRGINICA IN Conn. The collection of the Ameri-

can Asso. of Conchologists has received specimens of the above spe-

cies collected by Rey. Geo. D. Reid, from the Connecticut River, at

Deep River, Conn. This is not far from the mouth of the river,

and is, we believe, the eartermost locality reported for any species

of this family in the United States. The specimens are large and

well-developed, averaging over an inch in length. Both the smooth

form and the spirally lirate var. multilineata occur.

Mr. Wititrarp M. Woop, of San Francisco, California, has

gone ona collecting trip to Monterey Bay, where some new and

rare species have recently been found. He will remain there dur-

ing the month of July.

PLANORBIS MULTIVOLVIs.—I have Jately received several speci-

mens of Planorbis multivolvis Case, collected in the Island of New-

foundland, by a friend engaged on a surveying staff. They were

found in the neighborhood of Brathurst Lake. I have not seen the

Michigan form, but Mr. Bryant Walker, to whom I submitted my

shells, tells me the Newfoundland specimens are “rather smaller

and thinner but identical in form.’— W. J. Farrer, Orange, Va.

EXCHANGES.

CoLLectors who desire to dispose of North American Land, Fresh-

water aud Marine shells for those of California, will do well by

sending their exchange lists to Williard M. Wood, 2817 Clay

Street, San Francisco, Cal.

Pactric Coast, marine, land and fresh water shells, for land and

fresh water shells of the West Indies and South America, G. W.

Lichtenthaler, Bloomington, Ills.

Fosstzs from the Silurian, Devonian Sub-carboniferous and Car-

boniferous, to exchange for other fossils, especially of the Creta-

ceous and Tertiary; send lists and receive mine. C. 8S. Hodgson,

Albion, Ill.

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy.

/2,4/4

THE

~NAUTIL

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. Pitspry, Conservater Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR:

C. W. Jounson, Acting Curator Wagner Institute of Science.

Volk Vi. AUGUST, 1892. No. 4.

CONTENTS:

PAGE.

COLERCEINGS NOTES: 6 Chaste l.collNpSOMMmemmEenin) © 9 98 <0 cose’) Dae) Ov

ONSATEANTIC CREPIDULAS. WitmeriStowe =. . 6 i. sO 40

THE SHELL BEARING MOLLUSCA OF MICHIGAN. Bryant Walker. . . . . 42

GouLD’s TYPES OF NASSA AND COLUMBELLA. W. B. Marshall. . . . . 47

ENERO RINODES i cabeeeie ne s+: 5 | RM CMs eh a on ee 48

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

NS ard

we

f

a

wh:

re NUTS.

VOL. VI. AUGUST, 1892. No. 4

COLLECTING NOTES.

BY CHAS. T. SIMPSON.

During a brief vacation last Christmas, Mr. John B. Henderson,

Jr., of Washington, and the writer made a flying visit to the west

coast of Florida, in the vicinity of Tampa Bay, for the purpose of

collecting shells; and I have thought that perhaps a few notes on

our work might be of interest to the readers of the NAurTILus.

The country throughout this region consists of ordinary sandy pine

land, interspersed here and there with ponds and hammock or hard-

wood tracts of from an acre or so to several miles in extent. This

region in general is one of the flattest on the globe, and as a con-

sequence the sea is in most places quite shallow and thousands of

acres of mud flats are often laid bare at very low tides or during

“ Northers,” affording wonderfully rich collecting grounds for the

naturalist. We fitted ourselves out with a five or six ton sail-boat

accompanied by a skipper and a good-natured cook, and with two

weeks provisions, a gallon of aleohol, a dredge, and several large

note books which were to be filled with original observations and

discoveries, we sailed away as eager for adventures as Lord Bate-

man.

I want to say to anyone who attempts to collect marine shells or

animals, that first and foremost it is all important to use the dredge.

This implement is so simple, so easily constructed, and is so efficient

that the merest tyro never ought to try to get along without it. A full

description of one and its mode of working can be found in Wood-

38 THE NAUTILUS.

ward’s Manual of Conchology, and one that brings the matter down

to date will soon appear in a forthcoming paper by Dr. Dall on

collecting. We threw overboard our dredge in the warm bright

waters of Tampa Bay as the boat was brought up into the wind, and

awaited results. There is a certain kind of excitement about the

operation ; the jar and tremble of the rope as the implement—far

down out of sight—scrapes over the bottom, gathering in the treasures

of the deep, produces a sensation akin to that which an angler feels

when he gets a bite, or a sportsman when he sights game and

“draws a bead.” And this feeling reaches a fever heat when the

dredge is hoisted slowly, leaving a cloudy wake in the water, and its

contents are dumped into the screen.

Starfishes, echini, perhaps a big horseshoe crab or two, and,

mingled with living mollusks and fishes there may probably he dead

shells inhabited by various forms of hermit crabs, fish, sea-worms

and a dozen other kinds of life, many of which may be puzzling

even to an experienced naturalist. There is something wonderful

about all this, and entirely different from shore collecting; the

animals are taken in their homes, caught in the very act of carry-

ing on their ordinary avocations, and it is not to be wondered at

that they seem to have a kind of surprised appearance when they

are tumbled out indiscriminately on deck. There is always an

element of uncertainty about dredging that furnishes a mild excite-

ment akin to that of gambling. One throw, or a half dozen in

succession, may turn out to be “ water hauls,” bringing up nothing

but mud or possibly sea urchins, and the “just once more before we

go away ” may bring up half a hundred species, some of them rare,

and all desirable.

The vicinity of Tampa Bay is rich in marine species and is classic

ground to the conchologist and the collector, it having been worked

over by Agassiz, Conrad, Stimpson, Spinner, and other noted men

who have passed on, and Drs. Stearns and Dall, Velie, Calkins, and

others who are still with us; and often a run along the shores of

some of the outer keys, or about the muddy, sandy bays, will reveal

shells enough to turn the head of even a steady-going experienced

conchologist. And at such times it always happens that when the

collector gets every bucket, and sack, and basket, and both bands

loaded down to the last limit with things that are good enough in

all conscience, and is miles away from his boat, he begins to run

upon numbers of such marvelously rare and beautiful things that

9

THE NAUTILUS. 39

he is tempted to throw away every thing he already has and begin

entirely anew.

Prof. Hornaday spoke the truth when he said that “the collector’s

life is a constant race for specimens.” In the few brief days we had

at our command we felt that we must “make hay while the sun

shone.’ But dredging, though very delightful at first, when followed

up for eight or ten hours consecutively gets to be a good deal like

work, and hard, heavy, wet work too. So we did what I should

advise all collectors in similar circumstances to do ; we went ashore

during low tides and searched sometimes the sandy bays, the limited

areas of rocky shore to be found about that region, or the open

beaches ; and during high tide we dredged. One rocky bed laid

bare at low tide in Terraciea Bay was marvelously rich in Trito-

nidea tineta, Cerithium floridanum, Semele reticulata, Murex nuceus,

Cumingia tellinoidea, Nassa consensa, Muricidea multangula, Uro-

salpinx perrugatus, and some other forms not often found on the

sand.

Mrs. Mean’s injunction “while yer a gittin’ git a plenty” espe-

cially applies to the collector. One is prone when he sees anything

in great abundance to feel as though it was very common and was

hardly worth taking. Even the sight of a very rare mollusk in

quantities somehow lowers its value in one’s estimation. But the

old collector who has let such chances go a few times, and after-

wards where his entire stock of the same thing has run out, regrets

his folly, learns to take all he can get of anything that isgood. One

may find a species thrown up to-day by millions on a certain shore,

in excellent condition, and the next week, and for years afterwards, -

he may not run across a dozen individuals of the same. I had lived

near Tampa Bay for four years and collected industriously, but

throughout my whole residence I never found a hundred specimens

of Olivella mutica, dead or alive. During our visit the dredge

brought them up living, glittering like dew drops, by the handfuls.

We dredged over and over the ground on which I once obtained in

quantities of Venericardia tridentata and flabella, Parastarte

triquetra, and Pandora trilineata, and scarcely found a specimen,

while on the same ground we got a great many Tubonillas, an

abundance of Conus peali, and a half bushel or more Arca trans-

versa, not a specimen of which I had ever found there before; and

on a sand flat that used to gladden my eyes with Conus floridanus

not a single one could we find.

40, THE NAUTILUS.

The shell mounds—the Kitchen middens of prehistoric tribes—are

usually overgrown with tropical scrub, and are rich in land shells

as well as mosquitoes and sand flies; and on one of these at Shaw’s

Point I rediscovered Zonites dallianus which I first found there

three years ago, and, at the time, supposed to be the very different

Zonites minusculus. In places the brackish water was swarming

with Cerithium minimum, and muscarium, Melampus coffea, Macoma

constricta, Natica duplicata and its companion Melongena corona,

Lucina Jamaicensis, Cerithidea scalariformis, Modiola plicatula, var.

semicostata, Mytilus hamatus, and the two Cyrenas, floridana and

carolinensis. 'The ponds were alive with Physa heterostropta var.

pomilia, Succinea luteola, which seems about as completely aquatic

as any of the pond snails, Planorbis tumidus, which is a form of the

protean and widely distributed trivolvis ; and on the keys several of

the Polygyras were abundant.

Our ten days of collecting came to an end all too soon, for although

we had worked very hard and gathered in some 200 species and

perhaps 25,000 specimens, we had not had time to write a half

dozen notes, and we had only made a beginning at what we wanted

to accomplish. We packed our material and bid good-by reluct-

antly to the land of palmettoes, warm breezes and sparkling waters,

carrying with us bright, happy memories that will only grow pleas-

anter as time passes away.

ON ATLANTIC CREPIDULAS.

BY WITMER STONE, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

During the summer of 1891 while at Cape May, N. J., I made a

considerable collection of Crepidulas of all ages and varieties with

a view to studying the relationship of the several species found on

the New Jersey coast; and some of the possibilities suggested by an

examination of this material may prove of interest.

We have on this portion of the Atlantic seaboard four nominal

species, of which three, C. fornicata, convera and glauca, grow upon

the outside or convex surfaces of the shells upon which they occur,

THE NAUTILUS. 41

while one, C. plana, grows upon the inside or concave surface. ‘The

curvature of the surface upon which the Crepi-

dulas grow has naturally produced a similar

curvature in their own shells as it would ;other-

wise be impossible for them to retain their hold.

We therefore find that the three species first

mentioned are convex in shape, while C. plana

is concave.

With this fact before us the question naturally

arises: why is not C. plana a mere form of C.

Crepidula fornicata. — fornicata produced from eggs of the latter spe-

cies which happened to be deposited on the inside of the host shell?

A series of specimens collected with their hosts, however, shows that

young fornicata is sometimes found on the inner

or concave surface of Natica and Fulgur and

retains all the characters of the species, being

easily separated from the young of plana. The

1G);

fact, however, that none but very small fornicatas SS ey

are found in such positions, seems to show that |\ = YL

eo

. ZY

the tendency to a convex form makes it impos-

sible for them to retain their hold for any length

of time on a concave surface. In other words, — Crepidula plana.

the tendency towards convex and concave shells has now become a

fixed specific character.

As to the original ancestry of C. plana there does not seem to

me any doubt but that either this species has descended from a shell

of the C. fornicata style or better perhaps that both species have

developed from a free snail which formed the habit of attaching

itself to other shells and whose characters have been gradually

altered to suit its habits. Some of the individuals have thus adapted

themselves to the convex and some to the concave surfaces of their

hosts, and so eventually produced two distinct species. This theory

is strengthened by studying the Crepidulas from other parts of the

world, for my friend Mr. Pilsbry, tells me that on nearly every coast

where a convex Orepidula is found there is also a concave species

corresponding to our C. plana.

As regards our three convex Crepidulas, C. glauca and C. convexa

are undoubtedly much more closely related to each other than either

42 THE NAUTILUS.

is to O. fornicata, as has been already noticed by

Mr. Pilsbry. In both of them the beak projects

almost directly forward and stands clear above

the margin, while in C. fornicata it is very much

SS to one side and rests directly on the margin. This

Crepidula glauca. seems to be caused by the concentric additions to

the shell being very unequal—/. e. wider on one side than on the

other—in the latter species. The outline of the posterior margin of

the “deck” or septum in C. fornicata is also different.

The difference between C. glauca and convexa is entirely one of

shape and is apparently due primarily to the character of the surface

on which they live, as C. glauca occurs on large shells where the

curvature is slight and C. convexa on small, very convex shells such

as Nassa obsoleta, where considerable curvature is necessary to enable

the Crepidula to bring the entire margin of its shell in contact with

the surface of its host.

Whether this difference of shape is to be regarded as a specific or

subspecific character is a question dependent entirely upon the

extent to which this adaptation to two styles of surface has

proceeded. If shells of intermediate form occur, then C. {

convexa is merely asubspecies. Among those which I have §

thus far examined I have seen no intermediates. =

The fact that we have at least two distinct convex C. convexa.

Crepidulas upon the New Jersey coast naturally suggests the pos-

sibility that we may have had at one time, two concave species ; one

developed from the same stock as C. fornicata, as already described,

and the other in a similar manner from the C. glauca stock. The

similar environment and degenerate nature of “inside growers”

would tend to obliterate the original specific differences, so that the

two might easily have become merged into what wé know as C.

plana.

Anatomical investigations might throw additional light upon

these questions, and a careful study of the genus will well repay

anyone who has the requisite material at hand.

THE SHELL BEARING MOLLUSCA OF MICHICAN.*

BY BRYANT WALKER.

U. anodontoides Lea. Cited by De Camp from Monroe County.

Also by Call.

* The first installment (land mollusks) of Mr. Walker’s catalogue of Michigan

mollusks will be found in the June Navutinus; the second, aquatic gastropods, in

the July number,

THE NAUTILUS. 43

U. asperimus Lea. Cited by Miles, Currier and De Camp. The

latter in a recent letter says: “I do not believe that it belongs to

the State.”

U. canadensis Lea. Three Mile Lake, Oakland County, identi-

fied by the late Dr. James Lewis.

U. cariosus Say. Cited by Sager and Miles; evidently an error,

as the species does not occur so far west. The citation is probably

based on some form of U. occidens Lea.

U. celatus Con. Cited by Sager and Miles. In all probability

a case of mistaken identity.

U. circulus Lea. Common in southern part of the State. Speci-

mens from the River Rouge are referred to U. Jens Lea by Dr. De

Camp.

U. coccineus Hild. Apparently quite common. A specimen

from the Detroit River has a pink nacre.

U. complanatus Say. Northern part of the State. For an

account of the re-discovery of this species in this State, see the

Nauvtivs III, p. 16 and V, p. 93.

U. cornutus Bar. Cited by Currier and De Camp. Dr. De

Camp writes me that this species, formerly common in the Grand

River, has entirely disappeared.

U. cuneolus Lea. Cited by De Camp from Monroe County.

U. donacifornis Lea. Mouth of Otter Creek, Monroe County,

collected by Jerome Trombly. Cited also by Call.

U. elegans Lea. Southern part of the State. Monroe and Kent

counties.

U. ellipsis Lea. Detroit River and Grand Rapids.

U. ellipsiformis Con. The type specimens are stated by Conrad

to have been received from Michigan. Were it not for the explicit

statement that the beaks were simple, the figure and description

would apply to U. spatulatus Lea. It would seem possible that it

was described from specimens of that form in which the undulations

of the beaks, usually quite light, had so nearly disappeared as to

escape attention. The species has not been found by recent

collectors.

U. fabalis Lea. The River Rouge near Detroit. Cited also by

Sager and Miles.

U. gibbosus Bar. Abundant all over the State. A small variety

is found in the Detroit river, in which the nacre varies from a deep

purple to pure white. There is almost always, however, a trace of

purple along the hinge.

44 THE NAUTILUS:

U. glans Lea. The Clinton river at Pontiac, where it was first

found many years ago, is the only locality known for this species in

the State. Its occurrence there I have been successful in verifying.

U. gracilis Bar. Common. Specimens from the River Rouge,

Wayne County, are the largest I have ever seen. Those from the

Detroit River are much smaller, showing the unfavorable character

of their surroundings.

U. iris Say. Cited by Sager, Miles, Currier and De Camp. The

latter, however, in a recent letter queries whether the Michigan

specimens can be distinguished from U. novi-eboracit. Call (Cat.

Unionide Miss. Valley) credits the species to Michigan.

U. kirtlandianus Lea. Cited by Call from the Grande River (loc.

Gis):

U. levissimus Lea. Cited by Miles, Currier and De Camp.

U. Leibii Lea. Detroit River, identified by Dr. Jas. Lewis; mouth

of Otter Creek, Monroe County, collected by Jerome Trombly.

U. latecostatus Lea. Cited by De Camp from the Grand River,

Kent County. A specimen received from him agrees in form and

in arrangement of the folds with Lea’s figure and description. It

does not, however, seem to differ from U. undulatus except in the

more highly developed character of the folds.

U. ligamentinus Lam. Southern part of the State. Cited also

by De Camp as U. crassus Say. A form with pink nacre occurs on

the Grand River (see Lewis, Am. Jour. of Con. IV, 81).

U. luteolus Lam. Very abundant everywhere and exceedingly

variable in size, color and shape. De Camp cites U. siliquoides

Bar., from Grand River as distinct. The nacre is occasionally

more or less tinged with pink toward posterior portion.

U. multiradiatus Lea. Appears to occur generally through the

southern part of the State. It is very abundant in the Huron

River at Ann Arbor, Mich. A dwarfed form occurs in the Detroit

River. The female has the edge of the mantle prolonged in long

feelers, similar to those figured by Lea (Observations II, pl. xv, fig.

49) in the female of U. radiatus Lam.

U. nasutus Say. Occurs all over the State. Specimens from the

Detroit River are small and quite thin.

U. negatus Lea. Sheawassee River, Genesee Co., where it was

discovered by Dr. M. L. Leach, who writes that the only specimen

he found was sent to the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences

and was there identified as this species. It is now in the museum

THE NAUTILUS. 45

at Bay View, Petoskey, Michigan. Among a large lot of U. rubi-

ginosus sent to me by Dr. Leach from the same locality was

another specimen, which in the suleate or rather heavily imbricated

character of the surface resembles Lea’s description of this species.

It is, however, more inflated, and although somewhat eroded, lacks

the peculiar beaks described by Lea. If not distinct, it certainly

is a very peculiar form of U. rubiginosus.

U. novi-eboraci Lea. Abundant everywhere. A form without

rays from this state was described as U. opalinus by Anthony, but

is not considered as distinct by Lea in his last synopsis. Dr.

De Camp sends me the following note on Anthony’s species.

“ McNeil found the only specimen of this and sent it to Anthony. It

was from Ottawa county, and McNeil says he thought it was a

malformed U. gibbosus Bar. I have hunted the same stream and

never found one.”

U. occidens Lea. Generally distributed through the southern

part of the State.

U. parvus Bar. River Rouge, Wayne county.

U. penitus Con. Cited by Sager and Miles, probably a mistake,

as the species is a southern one.

U. perplexus Lea. Cited by Sager and Miles.

U. phaseolus Hild. Cited in most of the catalogues. Sheboygan

County is the most northern locality known to me. Specimens from

the Detroit river are smaller than usual, very strongly arcuate and

darker colored without spots. :

U. plicatus Les. Western part of the State, extending as far

north as Muskegon. I have not found this form in the eastern part

of the State. Michigan specimen seem to be smaller than those from

more southern localities.

U. pressus Lea. Common all over the State.

U. pustulatus Lea. River Rouge, Wayne county.

U. pustulosus Lea. Cited by Sager, Miles and Call.

U. radiatus Lam. Cited by De Camp from Grayling, Crawford

County, and as U. distans Anth. by Currier and De Camp. Were

it not for the occurrence of U. complantus Sol., in the northern part

of the State, (a species which is usually considered as confined to the

Atlantic drainage), I should question whether there was not some

mistake in the above citations. Gould in Agassiz “ Lake Superior”

however, cites this species from the north shore of that lake, and it

is quite possible that it has extended from Canada into our northern

46 THE NAUTILUS.

borders. I notice that in the Naurimus for November, 1891, p. 78,

Mr. G. W. Dean says that Anthony’s distans is the female form of

U. luteolus Lam. Call (loc. cit.) also refers U. distans to luteolus.

Lea, however, refers it to radiatus.

U. rangianus Lea. Fighting Island, Detroit river, and the River

Raisin, Monroe Counties, are the only localities where this species

has yet been found to my knowledge. Credited to Michigan by

Call (loe. cit.)

U. rectus Lam. Not uncommon in the southern part of the State.

A form from the Detroit river was described as U. Sageri by Conrad

and another variety from the Huron river, Livingstone county, as

U. leprosus by Miles. Specimens from the River Rouge, Wayne

county, are fully as wide as any from the Ohio river, but longer,

more compressed and not so heavy, the nacre being either white or

purple. Detroit river specimens are only about half as large as

Rouge river examples, with the nacre tinged with purple toward the

hinge, or occasionally of a beautiful salmon color.

U. rubiginosus Lea. Common in the southern part of the State.

U. Schoolcraftii Lea. Not a common species, but cited in nearly

all the lists.

U. spatulatus Lea. Very abundant in many localities.

U. subovatus Lea. Cited by Miles, Currier and De Camp. Spec-

imens sent to correspondents as U. ventricosus Bar., have been

referred by them to this form.

U. subrotundus Lea. Cited by Sager and Miles only. As it has

_ not been found by later collectors it is to be considered a doubtful

inhabitant of the state.

U. sulcatus Lea. Detroit river. Specimens from that locality

were described as U. perobliquus by Conrad.

U. Tappanianus Lea. “ Have this from Monroe County, Mich-

igan, that agrees well with Lea’s figure and description ; but think

it the same as siliquoides, only a variety of luteolus. The beaks are

eroded on the specimens I have, so that I cannot decide well on the

undulations””—De Camp. I know nothing of the occurrence of this

species in the State, beyond the above note from Dr. De Camp,

which seems to leave the identification somewhat in doubt.

U. tenwissimus Lea. Cited by De Camp from the Grande river,

Also by Miles and Currier.

U. trigonus Lea. Cited by De Camp from Black Lake, Ottawa

county; also by Miles and Currier.

THE NAUTILUS. 47

U. triangularis Lea. Southern part of the State.

U. undulatus Bar. An abundant species in suitable localities in

the southern part of the State. Dr. De Camp sends me a specimen

which I think should be referred to this species, labelled U. atro-

costatus with the following note: ‘This I found in Black Lake,

Ottawa county, I think plicatus and Jatecostatus distinet; but would

hardly say this of atrocostatus were it not for finding it only in the

still water of the lake, while the other almost universally inhabits

rivers with current.”

U. ventricosus Bar. Very abundant all over the State and

extremely variable. In many localities it attains a large size.

Detroit river specimens are small and with comparatively thin

shells.

U. verrucosus Bar. Southern part of the State.

(Zo be concluded.)

GOULD’S TYPES OF NASSA AND COLUMBELLA.

BY W. B. MARSHALL.

Tryon has expressed the belief that the types of several species

of Nassa and Columbella described by Dr. A. A. Gould were

destroyed in the Chicago fire.

Among others he mentions the following:—Nassa beata, Loo

Choo Is.; Nassa optata, Sydney, N. 8S. W.; Nassa spurea, St.

Simon’s Bay; Columbella minuscula, Ousima; Columbella zonata,

Kagosima,

Referring to the types of Nassa, Tryon said “ Most of the above

are from the collections of the North Pacific (U. 8.) Exploring

Expedition; they have not been figured and the type specimens

were destroyed in the great Chicago fire. Some of them might be

identified with other described species, but it is better not to do so.

I think, under the circumstances."

In a note under his description of Columbella (Seminella) minus-

cula, Tryon said “ Unknown to me. ‘The types of this, the preced-

ing and following species described by Gould are believed to have

been destroyed at Chicago by fire.”

The types of the five species mentioned above were not destroyed.

They are now in the collection of the New York State Museum at

Albany and are represented as follows :—

1 Manual of Conchology, (1) iv, p. 63.

2 Ibid. v, p. 171.

48 THE NAUTILUS.

Nassa beata by six specimens.

Nassa optata by one specimen.

Nassa spurca by four specimens.

Columbella minuscula by three specimens.

Columbella zonata by two specimens.

GENERAL NOTES.

Errata. For “ Helix sargenti” in the May Nautruus, p. 8,

read “ H. SanGentrana J. & P.”; the former name having been

used for a species from the Bahamas, belonging to the section

Plagioptycha.

Those familiar with the life work of the late Dr. Joseph Leidy

will be interested to know that the two microscopes which he used

for years and from which he obtained such valuable results have

been placed in the hands of Messrs. Williams, Brown and Earle,

Philadelphia, to sell, by Mrs. Joseph Leidy, and they will be pleased

to show them to anyone desiring to see them. They were brought

in 1875 and were in almost constant use down to the date of his

death, and they show how careful a student he was, in that they

are in perfect order and very little soiled or scratched.

The following extract from a letter to the Editor from Dr. W. H.

Dall, written upon his recent return from the West Coast, will be of

interest to our readers. ** * * “ My work this time was chiefly

stratigraphical. I was able to determine the position of the Wallala

beds as continuously conformable with, and below the upper

Cretaceous Chico beds. Also to discover that earlier collectors have

been mixing the genuine Pliocene and Postpliocene faunas in their

collections, the two being often conformable, closely adjacent, and

in similar mostly unconsolidated beds.

In mollusks I found that the Periploma discus and Trophon tri-

angulatus have been found near San Pedro on several occasions

lately. At Monterey I got several specimens of Pedicularia cali-

fornica Newcomb, which lives on a red Gorgonian. Monterey as a

collecting ground is already greatly injured, and will probably be

nearly ruined before long, on account of the Hotel del Monte, the

new town of Pacific Grove and the increased population of old

Monterey, all the sewage of which is turned into the bay in front of

the town. Beaches which formerly would afford several hundred

species are now nearly bare, or offensive with stinking black mud.

Old collectors will learn this with regret. The San Pedro collectors

are very active and enthusiastic and doing good work.”

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) l0cts. a copy.

~

| : a H E

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H, A. Pirssry, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR:

C. W. Jounson, Acting Curator Wagner Institute of Science.

D214

Wol. VI. SEPTEMBER, 1892. No. 5.

CON EENTS:

PAGE.

Sy oy eee a)

AN IMPpoRTANT DiscovERY—A NEw Fossit Cypr#A. John H. Campbell. 50

APPEARANCE OF AN ASIATIC ANODONTA IN THE CHINESE MARKETS OF

SHELL COLLECTING AT EAsTportT. Edward W. Roper.

SAN FrANcIsco. Williard M. Wood. Me VE ie or a ak oe, LOL

NOTE ON CYTHEREA CONVEXA SAY. W. H. Dall. bo eae eteaerse aaa. OP

HYALINIA LAVIUSCULA n. sp. Dr. V. Sterki. 2. lap ce DTN ei” ORs

OBSERVATIONS ON THE HELICES OF NEW ZEALAND. Henry A. Pilsbry.. . 54

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF \CONCHOLOGISIS:, 9. . 6 «meni ue so) a Ol

BERSEUAIN GUGM ramets. 'ch | cara EMR ss 6 es aoe eda ee OGG

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

irs ae

were

TLE! 7

=—s. |

a nm ey

“ae N Bt rus:

WOM VI. SEPTEMBER, 1892. No. 5

SHELL COLLECTING AT EASTPORT.

EDWARD W. ROPER.

The August number of the NauriLus was awaiting me on my

return from a collecting trip to Eastport, Maine, with Messrs. B. H.

Van Vieck and R. T. Jackson, of Boston, and I could fully appreci-

ate Mr. Simpson’s excellent article on dredging at Tampa Bay.

Eastport is likewise “classic ground” to naturalists, and seldom a

year passes that boatman Jerry Sullivan does not have an opportu-

nity to take some ardent collector in his trim sloop. ‘ Uncle”

Jerry has been a resident of Eastport over forty years, and has

coiled the dredge rope for Agassiz, Verrill, Fewkes and other well-

known scientists. He knows the fluctuations of the strong tides, the

depth of water, and what is of most consequence, the character of the

bottom, which enables him to keep away from rocks which might

cause the loss of the dredge.

While not equal to subtropical Florida as a collecting ground,

Eastport, for a northern locality, is rich in species and individuals.

Our dredgings were in water from fourteen to eighteen fathoms

deep, and Mr. Simpson’s statement that it was “hard, heavy, wet

work,” was certainly not overdrawn. Sometimes the dredge came

up full of stones and gravel, with which were huge starfishes ten

inches across the rays, curious leathery Boltenias, large red shrimps,

sponges, such beautiful shells as Trochus occidentalis, Margarita

undulata and Admete viridula, and perhaps the long-named

50 THE NAUTILUS.

brachiopod, Terebratulina septentrionalis. The best brachiopod

ground, however, has been ruined, by the dumping upon it of blue

clay dredged from Luber Narrows.

The best hauls were made on a moderately soft bottom of mingled

mud and sand, which was literally filled with dead and living shells

of Oyclocardia borealis, Astarte undata, Astarte crebricostata, Cardium

pinnulatum, Sipho pygmeus, Dentalium striolatum and many others.

Here also were obtained numerous brittle stars, Ophiopholis, and the

Astrophyton Agassizti, which came up clinging to the outside of the

net, nearly as often as inside. When the dredge landed in soft mud

it brought up such shells as Leda tenuisulcata, Nucula tenuis, Cre-

nella glandula, Yoldia sapotilla and Cryptodon Gouldir.

Shore collecting at Eastport is sure to prove successful. Ordinary

tides rise and fall eighteen feet, and at low tide a large area of shore

is uncovered. Purpura lapillus, Aemea testudinalis and the various

Littorinas, common all along the New England shore, are here of

much larger size than in Massachusetts. Buccinum undatum is

“éverywhere seen at low water mark, and bunches of its yellow egg

cases are fastened to the rocks in abundance. Underneath stones

are myraids of crawling things not well known to a conchologist,

but nevertheless interesting. In the larger rock pools every stone

hides specimens of Chiton marmoreus and Chiton albus, Saxicava

rugosa and Margarita helicina are common and the bottom may

fairly bristle with the spiny sea urchins.

The enthusiastic collector will understand my pleasure when a

critical examination of my gathered treasures revealed about

seventy-five species of shells, fifteen of which had not previously been

represented in my cabinet. My companions, more interested in

other invertebrate forms, were also quite successful. Add to this,

the fact that we were in the coolest place in the country, wearing

light overcoats many evenings while everybody at home was swelter-

ing in torrid heat, and we may look back to our Eastport trip as

favored by fortune and replete with pleasure.

AN IMPORTANT DISCOVERY—A NEW FOSSIL CYPREA.

JOHN H. CAMPBELL.

Mr. Homer Squyer of Mingusville, Montana, in collecting during

the present summer, additional specimens of cretaceous mollusea in

THE NAUTILUS. oil

the Fox Hills Group (upper Missouri) made an exceedingly impor-

tant “find.” Among the species found by him, was a Cyprea

absolutely new to science, and which may turn out to be the oldest

Oyprea known to be in existence. The two fossil cypreeas from

California (Bayerquei and Matthewsonti) and the Cyprea (Morton)

from the New Jersey marl beds are the only species of the family

published as belonging to the cretaceous period ; and Prof. Whit-

field of New York some time since found a cast of another species

(to be described by him) in New Jersey, which he considers to be

cretaceous. Thestratum (Tejon group) in which the two California

species were found, is now considered to be tertiary, and the two

New Jersey species may possibly turn out to be tertiary also, and in

that case, the species just found by Mr. Squyer would be the earliest

species of the genus Cyprea known. Next month we will describe

and figure it more particularly, as we have this month only space

enough to note the fact of its discovery, and assign it provisionally

a name which we suggest should be Cyprea Squyerit.

The type shell of the species (only perfect one found) has been

forwarded by Mr. Squyer to the CoNection of the American Associa-

tion of Conchologists.

APPEARANCE OF AN ASIATIC ANODONTA IN THE CHINESE

MARKETS OF SAN FRANCISCO.

BY WILLARD M. WOOD.

Several weeks ago, I was invited to take lunch at a Chinese

restaurant, with Mr. Sue Locke, an interpreter.

While on the way, this gentleman, who knew I was greatly

interested in the study of conchology, informed me that before going

to the restaurant, he would show me a new shell which had just been

brought from China. Upon this information, I questioned him, and

found that it was a fresh-water species.

After passing through a number of narrow streets, we reached a

very small Chinese merchandise store. The first object that

attracted my attention, was a medium sized fresh-water aquarium

containing a number of gold and silver fish.

Upon close examination, I found the bottom to be thickly lined

with the species Paludina Japonica Mart., and two varieties of

ay THE. NAUTILUS.

same; and also a species of Anodonta, of which I have not, as yet,

learned the name.

By my friend acting as interpreter, I discovered that but very

few have been sent here. Upon the last steamer from China, several

dozen were brought by the sailors, who disposed of them to Chinese

merchandise dealers, in Chinatown.

I purchased a few at the price of fifteen cents apiece, and started

for the restaurant; but we stopped on the way, once again, as my

friend desired to take me to the home of one of his acquaintances to

show me another species of Anodonta. I was very much astonished

upon observing this specimen.

The shells I had been looking at were all less than three inches

in length, while this specimen of another species, was almost

siz inches. I tried to secure it but failed. The Chinaman would

not part with it. He said, “Me keepee. Him livee heep long

time. No die.”

As these shells may be bought exceedingly cheap in China, as I]

was informed, I shall try and have a number sent me.

NOTE ON CYTHEREA CONVEXA SAY.

IBS Wie. Eee AS:

Quite a number of conchologists have referred to Conrad’s state-

ment (Medial Tert. Form.) that the well known name of our east

coast species is preoccupied by Brovgniart, but have hesitated to

accept the name Sayana proposed by Conrad since no reference to

chapter and verse was made by him to substantiate his observation.

Having long sought the reference and at last found it, it seems well

to put it on record. In Cuvier’s “ Ossemens fossiles” volume II,

pt. 2 contains an essay by Cuvier and Alex. Brongniart entitled

“ Pssai sur la géographie minéralogique des environs de Paris.” It

contains 278 pages, 4to, with maps and copper plates and was

published in 1811. A number of species are figured from the Paris

basin, among them Cytherea convexa, pl. 8, fig. 7. This shell long

remained doubtful but has been practically identified by Renevier

and Deshayes with the Cyrena semistrata of Deshayes, described in

1831. Say’s C. convera was described early in 1824 (Journ. Acad.

Nat. Sci. iv, 140). Another Cytherea convexa was described by

THE NAUTILUS. 53

Hoffmann (Karsten, Arch. 1831, t. 3, p. 385) subsequent to that of

Say. Owing to the slight tinge of doubt which still remained, Des-

hayes’ specific has been universally retained for the Cyrena except

by Herbert and Renevier (Foss. nummul. suppl. p. 59, 1854). All

things considered it would seem best to adopt Conrad’s name Sayana

for the well known shell to which it has been applied and which

extends its range from Prince Edward’s Island to Indianola, Texas,

and has existed unchanged since the Miocene.

HYALINIA LEVIUSCULA N. SP.

BY DR. VY. STERKI, NEW PHILADELPHIA, OHIO.

A few years ago while looking over a parcel of fine drift from the

Guadalupe river, gathered at New Braunfels, Texas, I found a small

Hyalinia which was evidently new; but upon the few specimens at

hand I did not like to publish it. Now, a few weeks ago, Mr. J. A,

Singley had the kindness of forwarding me several thousand small

shells picked out of a lot of the same drift materials." Among them

there are several dozen specimens of this form, besides nearly as many

Hy. singleyana Pils., hundreds of Hy. minuscula Binn. and a few

Hy. milium Mse.

Our species is of the size and general appearance of Hy. minu-

scula, for which it doubtless has been taken, but differs from that

species in being more depressed. The spire is entirely flat or very

little elevated. The whorls are markedly wider, from the nucleus,

in specimens of the same size 4—1 less in number, very gradually

increasing, and flatter above and below. The surface appears

smooth and polished, and only with a strong magnifier radiating

lines are seen, much like those of Hy. radiatula Gray, but also pro-

portionately much finer. The umbilicus is rather wider in the

adult, and the curvature of the whorl to the umbilicus is quite

abrupt, appearing almost angular. The shell is colorless, glossy

while fresh, and when weathered, appears more milky white, while

minuscula then is more chalky.

This form is certainly not a variety of Hy. minuscula which may

be regarded as a “species” at the arbitration of a systematist, but

1 They are so interesting that a list of them with some nctes will be worth

publishing in the “ NAUTILUS.”

54 THE NAUTILUS.

entirely distinct. Although the differences from that species seem

not striking at first sight, they are well marked after careful com-

parison, as anyone will be convinced by close examination of the

two forms. Hy. texana resembles more Hy. singleyana Pils., which

however is sufficiently different by its much smaller size. The two

evidently represent a natural group, and doubtless will show

peculiar anatomical characters. It is to be hoped that Mr. Singley

or another Texan conchologist will succeed in securing fresh spec-

imens for examination.

Since writing the above, specimens have been received from

Hidalgo, Texas, and from Henry County, Indiana. It will probably

be found at intermediate localities also.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE HELICES OF NEW ZEALAND.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

The first species of New Zealand land snails made known to

science were described many years ago, by Dr. J. E. Gray of the

British Museum. A number of forms were described later by

Pfeiffer; and most of these were illustrated by Reeve in his big

volume on Helix in the Conchologia Iconica. Reeve took the

liberty of renaming the species to which Pfeiffer had given the

names of letters of the Greek alphabet. These changes have been

adopted by some authors, but as they were wholly unwarranted the

propriety of retarning to the original Pfeifferian designation is now

conceded by most students. The most elaborate contributions

to our knowledge of the New Zealand land snails have been made

by Prof. Hutton, whose work upon this fauna will only become the

more highly valued aud appreciated as the subject is more widely

known and studied.

Mr. H. Suter has lately made very valuable and substantial addi-

tions to New Zealand Malacology. I am indebted to him for numer-

ous specimens and drawings and much useful information still

unpublished.

The most prominent element in the New Zealand Helix fauna is

the ancient and widely distributed genus ParuLA; this is represented

by numerous small species belonging to the section Charopa of Albers.

The world-wide distribution of this type of snail causes us to regard it

-

THE NAUTILUS. 15Y5)

as a heritage from so early a fauna that the place of its origin and the

paths of its distribution will probably never be known with certainty.

There is a peculiar modification of Patula found only in New Zea-

land, to which Hutton has given the sectional name Thera.| New

Zealand has also received Paluloid snails from the Endodonta stock,

this group being a special development of Patuda confined to

Polynesia. The New Zealand members of the subgenus Endodonta

belong to two groups of species, one of which contains P. cryptobi-

dens, P. timandra, P. jessica; to the other group Mr. Suter has

given the name Maoriana; these are minute discoidal forms hay-

ing numerous folds within the aperture. This group can only be con-

sidered a mere section of Endodonta, the species being closely

allied to minute forms of Endodonta found in New Caledonia, ete.

Another Helicoid genus represented by numerous species is

Laoma of Gray. This group is characterized by the small, thin, coni-

cal or depressed shell with thin simple lip. The jaw is composed of

numerous separate squarish plates, being very much _ like

that of our northern genus Punctum. The teeth also are peculiar ;

these composite jawed Helices are probably to be regarded as an

excessively ancient and primitive type but their affinities are with

Patula rather than with the so-called Goniognatha. No species

known to belong to Laoma has been discovered outside of New Zea-

land. Hutton’s genus Phrixgnathus must of course be united to

Laoma but the name may be retained as a section to contain species

without teeth in the aperture.

A third genus of New Zealand Helices is also, as far as we now

know, confined to those Islands; this is the genus GERONTIA of

Hutton. I use that name to comprise snails having the animal and

dentition of Patula except that the tail is provided with a mucus

gland. The jaw is thin and delicate and varies from striated to

ribbed. The shell is thin, somewhat translucent and its surface is

striated or ribbed, sometimes hairy or occasionally smooth. The

spire varies from low conical to nearly flat ; and it is a notable fact

which has hitherto escaped observation that whatever be the sculpt-

ure of the mature shell, the apical or embryonic whorls are spirally

striated. This is an unusual feature and recalls to my mind that

strange Tasmanian Helix, Anoglypta launcestonensis. The snails

1 The name ‘Thera is already in use for a recognized genus of Geometric

moths, dating from 1831. As asubstitute, deschrodomus may be used. This sec-

tion of Patu/a includes H. alpha Pfr. and #. defa Pfr., the first being the type.

56 THE NAUTILUS.

of the genus thus defined have been distributed by New Zealand

authors into the following groups which they regard as genera:

Gerontia Hutt., Therasia Hutt., Thalassia Alb., Pysra Hutt.,

Pyrrha Hutt., Phenacohelix Suter, Patulopsis Suter, Amphidoxa

Alb. and Calymna Hutt. These sections or subgenera are founded

upon various modifications of the shell or jaw, but they have not

sufficient distinctness to rank as genera, unless we understand that

term in a much more restricted sense than it has been used by the

majority of conchologists or zoologists generally. These minor

divisions are however natural groups and they are useful if we do

not overestimate their importance. The sections or subgenera of

this genus may stand as follows, the sequence of names being

chronological.’

Gerontia Hutt., 1883 (Type G. pantherina Hutton.)

Therasia Hutt., 1884, (Type C. celinde Gray.)

Calymna Hutt., 1884, + Amphidoxa Hutt. not Alb. (Type C.

costulata Hutt.

Pyrrha Hutt., 1884, (Type P. cressida Hutt.)

Phenacohelix Suter, 1891 (Type H. pilula Rve.)

Allodiscus Pils., 1892 (Type H. dimorpha Pfr.).—Pysra Hutt.,

1884, non Stal, 1876.

Suteria Pils. 1892 (Type H. ide Gray).—Patulopsis Suter, 1891,

non Strebel, 1879.

Thalassohelix Pils. 1892 (Type H. zelandie Gray).— Thalassia

Hutton (? and of Albers,) not Thalassia Chevrolat, 1834. (Coleopt.)

It will be noticed that Amphidoxa has been dropped or rather

united to Calymna. The true Amphidoxa has not been found else-

where than upon the island Juan Fernandez and the neighboring

South American Coast. I have compared specimens with the New

Zealand shells and find that there is not the slightest ground for

supposing them congeneric. I am disposed to believe that the New

Zealand Thalassias do not belong to the same genus as the Austra-

lian subrugata Pfr., the type of Thalassia Albers. The other

departures from the usage of New Zealand authors are sufficiently

explained in the above list.

1 The genus Phacussa of Hutton is included by Suter. It may prove that the

Zonitoid aspect of the dentition of that form isa secondary modification and not

truly Zonitoid. In this case the group will be included among the present forms ;

otherwise it must remain in Zonitidze, where Hutton placed it.

THE NAUTILUS. yl

IT will not comment here upon the genus Carthea of Hutton; its

affinities may be with the oriental Bulimuli, but certainly not with

the South American group Rhabdotus where it has lately been

placed.

In conclusion we find that the faunal relations of New Zealand

as far as they are shown by the groups above considered are as fol-

lows: (1) with the primitive fauna of Australia still surviving in

South Australia and Tasmania it is strongly allied by the predom-

inance of Patula as well as of Paryphanta, Rhytida, ete., and also

by the absence of the later elements of the Australian fauna, Hadra,

Chloritis, Papuina, Helicina, ete., which are, as Mr. Hedley has

shown, a recent influx from the Papua-Molucean region. (2) from

Polynesia it has received the Endodonta-like groups as well as prob-

ably Tornatellina and Pupa. The presence of Placostylus shows a

third relationship to New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island and

more anciently with the Solomon group, but this Bulimoid genus

also extends eastward to the Vitian group.

With all deference to the opinions of such eminent zoologists as

Prof. Hutton and Dr. von Ihering, Iam unable to see that the

New Zealand fauna is in any way allied to that of South America,

except that in both the Old and the New worlds certain archaic

forms have been preserved in these most southern extensions of

land.

[CoMMUNICATED. ].

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

The Association has recently issued a new and revised list of

members, under date of July 18, 1892. It contains the names of

175 persons, located in various points of the United States, Canada

and Cuba and it is expected before a great while that the concholo-

gists of Mexico, Central and South America, will also be enrolled.

The growth of the Association has been very gratifying and now

that the officers have resumed active work, it will no doubt forge

ahead very rapidly. The rule requiring the choice of some special

subject or branch of conchology, has been a valuable one and a large

body of trained specialists will shortly be the result.

It is suggested that it would be an interesting event, if the mem-

bers would hold a convention at Chicago next summer during the

58 THE NAUTILUS.

World’s Fair. Doubtless most of the members will visit the Fair

and if they could time their visits so as to meet their fellow members

and hold a convention, it would enable them to become personally

acquainted with each other, besides learning much from the eminent

scientists among their number, through the medium of papers

prepared for the occasion. The president would be glad to hear

from the members upon the subject and if the idea is favorably

received, a committee could be appointed to arrange a program.

Send in your suggestions, ladies and gentlemen !

Another suggestion is made that a Committee be appointed to

classify and revise the nomenclature of the American Unionide.

Every one, who has paid any attention to this great family, is

annoyed at the great number of synonyms that encumber the litera-

ture of the subject and as we have several members who are students

of the Unionide, it would be a good idea to enlist their service in

the work. What say you, Messrs. Simpson, Hargrave, Fry, Mead,

Lebman, Monell, Nell, Strode, Trombley, the two Wrights, Whitte-

more, Wheeler, Shepherd, Marshall, Marsh, Gorby, Brady, Vaughan

and Witter?

A word about naming shells) Some members like Prof. Dall,

Ford, Simpson and Pilsbry are overworked, while others have little

opportunity to help their fellow members. The trouble is that the

gentlemen named and others like them.are all amiable and would

like to oblige everybody, but they have an enormous amount of

work on hand, and it taxes their time too much to name large lots

of miscellaneous shells, which could be distributed around among

the members. The writer knows that they would protest against

this, if they knew what we are saying about them, for they are too

good natured to complain, but nevertheless we would make a sugges-

tion to members, who desire their shells to be named properly.

When you get a miscellaneous lot of shells, divide them first into

univalves and bivalves. Then, if you can, separate them into land,

fresh-water and marine, or as near as you can come to such a division.

Then take your list of members and turn to your index of subjects

and find out who are studying the different branches. Then write

and ask such specialists, if you will send your shells to them for

naming and we venture to say, that they will gladly respond as that

is one of the objects of the Association. Let us take a few instances.

1. If you are a beginner and do not know the genera, pick out one

THE NAUTILUS. 59

of each genus as near as observation will permit and drop a postal

card to the president and he will tell you to whom to send them.

2. If you are further advanced and want the species in any special

families named, say Strombide send to Mr. Ritchie, of Boston; say

Nasside to Mr. Browne, of Framingham, Mass; say Pupide to Dr,

Sterki, of Ohio; say Olivide to Mr. Ford, of Philadelphia; and so

on to the end of your list and you can have your whole collection

named in a few weeks. The only charge to you will be postage or

expressage both ways.

2. If you have any advanced questions to solve, or names to dis-

cuss, or other knotty points, then write to men like Prof. Dall,

Simpson, Stearns, Pilsbry, Binney, Cooper, Whitfield, Claypole,

Schuchert, Sterki, Johnson, Lee, Keep, Yates, Marsh and many

others. The Association has enough of trained specialists to answer

almost any questions relating to conchology.

The collection of American shells being made by the members of

the Association is already a wonderful success. The Academy of

Natural Sciences of Philadelphia has given us every facility for

caring for the specimens and there are already eight large museum

_cases almost filled by specimens sent by the members. There are

about 1000 species already mounted and labelled and the specimens

in most instances are superb, the senders generally taking a pride

in sending only the finest shells that can be obained. The placing

of fossil species along with the recent ones adds especial value to

the collection and makes it, so far as we know, the only zoological

collection of the mollusca in America. It is already one of the

finest special exhibits of natural history in America, and with the

continued zeal and enthusiasm of the members, it is certain to be

in a few years, the finest special exhibit in the world.

Tn sending shells for the collection, members should bear in mind.

1st..That none but members of the Association can contribute spec-

imens. 2nd. None but fine specimens from definite localities will

be accepted. drd. The exhibit is kept separate and apart from the

general collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences. 4th,

Every species is labelled with the name and locality of the shells,

the name and exact address of the member sending it and the date

when it is placed in the collection. 5th. Send all specimens

intended for the collection addressed to the president of the Associ-

ation, care of Academy of Natural Sciences, 19th and Race Sts.,

60 THE NAUTILUS.

Philadelphia. He and his brother officers and some of the mem-

bers assemble there once a week, open the packages, verify the

names, label and mount the specimens and place them in the cases.

In the next issue of the Naurrius we will begin again the work

of acknowledging the receipt of all shells sent during the month

by the members.

EXCHANGES.

(Exchange notices of moderate length will be inserted free for subscribers.)

Wanrep to exchange British and Tropical Mollusca for U. §.

Mollusea of all kinds. Please send lists first and receive mine.

None of the commonest species required —B. Tomlin, 59 Liverpool

Road, Chester, Eng.

Wanvten, Helices, in exchange for land and fresh-water shells.—

Edw. G. Vanatta, 1608 N. 12th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Wantep.—-Marine univalves, especially of Mexico, Central and

South America. Offered—many specimens, Marine, Land, and

Fresh-Water, both U.S. and Foreign.—F. C. Browne, Framingham,

Mass.

CoLLEcToRS who desire to dispose of North American Land,

Fresh-water and Marine shells for those of California, will do well

by sending their exchange lists to Williard M. Wood, 2817 Clay

Street, San Francisco, Cal.

Pactric Coast, marine, land and fresh water shells, for land and

fresh water shells of the West Indies and South America, G. W.

Lichtenthaler, Bloomington, Ills.

Fosstus from the Silurian, Devonian Subearboniferous and Car-

boniferous, to exchange for other fossils, especially of the Creta-

ceous and Tertiary; send lists and receive mine. C. S. Hodgson,

Albion, Ill.

CRETACEOUS AND EOCENE FOSSILS, minerals, agates, marine and

fresh water shells, to exchange for rare marine shells, cloth-bound

books or agates. Homer Squyer, Mingusville, Mont.

Herkimer County Lanp AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS to

exchange for desirable species from other localities. Send lists and

receive mine. Albert Baily, Chepachet, N. Y.

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) l0cts. a copy.

THe

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY

5 ry DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

ely F

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. Pirssry, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR:

C. W. Jounson, Acting Curator Wagner Institute of Science,

Vol. VI. OCTOBER, 1892. No. 6.

CONTENTS:

PAGE.

ON THE AMNICOLOID GENUS LYOGYRUS, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW

Species. Henry A. Pilsbry. SM Fodess ay if Meguro uF ON

A Frew ADDITIONAL NOTES ON CREPIDULA. Rev. Henry W. Winkley. 63

THE SHELL BEARING MOLLUSCA OF MICHIGAN. Bryant Walker. 5 oo “Ge

OBSERVATIONS ON THE HELICOID GROUP CHAROPA AND ALLIED FORMS.

Lenya Ach EMIS DYVAR ws, 55:3 a, MEMEO ye. ade, Mie dep ce saws, ase panleny Gal

(ARANESESEIMErige, (Geo, W. Taylor. sete « » |.) “s)ae eo) ai Malia ve oy 6S

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS. 70

INOUESCANDMINESWSSomes G2) os, so gee SRMMITER voit! ay [hay Me cevihrentesl ode eu Pee gio

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

ito N SUTiLuS.

VOL. VI. OCTOBER, 1892. No. 6

ON THE AMNICOLOID GENUS LYOGYRUS, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF

A NEW SPECIES.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

Some years ago the writer had occasion to examine the dentition

of the type species of Gill’s genus Lyogyrus', and to show that it is

not allied to Valvata as supposed by all earlier systematists, as well

as by Tryon’ and by Fiscuer’ ; but that it is undoubtedly a mem-

ber of the family Ammnicolide (Hydrobiide of Fischer), and in

fact, is not far removed from the genus Amnicola. The same

results have been independently obtained and fully confirmed by

Mr. Charles E. Beecher* whose preparations and unpublished draw-

ings of the radula of Lyogyrus pupoides show conclusively the true

systematic position of this interesting genus.

Lyogyrus may be shortly described as a fresh-water Rissoid havy-

ing the shell of Amnicola’, the operculum of Valvata and the denti-

' Pilsbry, in the Conchologists Exchange, vol. ii, p 113, 1888.

* Structural and Systematic Conchology, vol. ii, p. 274, 1883.

3 Manuel de Conchyliologie, p. 735, 1885.

* Beecher in ZS. et “itt.

>In some localities Z. Aupoides has the entire latter half of the body whorl

free from the preceding whorl; but in the great majority of specimens this char-

acter is less marked than in the form originally described by Gould; and very

often the peristome is actually in contact with the body-whorl for a short dis-

tance, asinanormal Valvata. The original V. pupotdea is an exaggerated and

extreme phase of a species varying much in degree of compactness. It is there-

fore obvious that the character of having the last whorl free from the preceding

whorl is not a generic or even a constant specific characteristic,

62 THE NAUTILUS.

tion of Bythinella. To the one species hitherto known we now

add the following :

Lyogyrus dalli Pilsbry & Beecher, n. sp.

The shell is umbilicated, smooth, nearly lusterless, of a somewhat

transparent horn color. In contour it is globose-turbinate with a

short spire and decidedly obtuse apex. The 33 whorls are quite

convex, separated by deep sutures ; last whorl ventricose, being well

rounded in every part. ‘The aperture is somewhat oblique, almost

circular, its posterior angle being indistinct and obtuse. The peri-

stome is continuous and thin, not sinuous, not thickened nor

expanded ; but the inner lip is a trifle dilated, and adheres to the

body-whor] above the umbilicus; the latter being a deep and rather

widely open perforation.

Alt. 2°6, diam. 2°5 mm.

The operculum is usually retracted about the quarter of a volu-

tion within the mouth ; it is a shining, yellowish, thin and corneous

circular disk composed of many close whorls, the nucleus being

subcentral.

The dentition is practically the same as in ZL. pupoides. The

basal denticles are situated higher on the tooth than in Amnicola,

and only one on each side is well developed, the outer denticle

being more or less obsolete, but rather stronger in L. dalli than in

pupoides.

Locality, Wekiva River, Fla. (C. E. Beecher).

This species was obtained in considerable numbers by Mr.

Beecher in Wekiva River. It may be recognized by its globose

contour, resembling the typical Amnicola porata of Say on a small

scale; but it is more globose and has a wider umbilicus than any

of our other Amnicolas. Of course a glance at the operculum

(which is retained in the shell, as usual in this family), tells one at

once that the shell is no Amnicola; for it is multispiral like the oper-

culum of Lyogyrus pupoides Gld., the only species of the genus

hitherto known. It will be remembered that Ancey described a

Iyogyrus lehnerti some years ago, but this turns out to be a mon-

strosity of Amnicola limosa Say.

This species is named in honor of Dr. W. H. Dall, of the Smith-

sonian Institution, who has contributed so largely to our knowledge

of the mollusks of Florida.

Illustrations of shell, operculum and dentition will be given in

the Monograph of American Amnicolidz, now in preparation by

Mr. Beecher and the writer.

THE NAUTILUS. 63

A FEW ADDITIONAL NOTES ON CREPIDULA.

BY REY. HENRY W. WINKLEY, SACO, ME.

In the August Nautrtus Mr. Witmer Stone makes the statement

concerning C. fornicata and C. plana that “the tendency towards

convex and concave shells has now become a fixed specific char-

acter” and the general description of C. plana grants to that spe-

cies an existence on the interiors of other shells and a consequent

concave form.

There is a colony of warm water shells in the waters of North-

umberland Strait, between Prince Edward’s Island and the province

of New Brunswick, and this colony is of interest not only for the

species which are so cut off from their fellows in the south, but also

for a series of interesting Crepidulas. The writer has gathered

many specimens of both C. plana and C. fornicata, but in no case

was ©. plana on the interior, and I recall no concave specimen of

either. The specimens of C. plana were in some cases far more

convex than the average C. fornicata. To one who has examined

this colony the distinction between these species can have no help

from convex or concave characters, yet both species are distinct, and

while I have no doubt that they are from a common ancestor, it is

impossible to count the dwelling place as responsible for the differ-

ence. May I also add that there is in my collection from the

region named a specimen of C. fornicata which is white, yet bears

undoubted characteristics of C. fornicata.

THE SHELL BEARING MOLLUSCA OF MICHIGAN.

BY BRYANT WALKER, DETROIT, MICH.

Margaritana complanata Bar. Quite abundant and of large size

in the Rouge river. Cited also by Currier and De Camp and no

doubt occurs generally over the southern part of the State.

M. deltoidea Lea. Common all over the State. The small size,

peculiar as usual to Detroit river specimens, is also characteristic of

specimens from Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie.

M. Hildrethiana Lea. River Rouge, Wayne county. Cited also

by De Camp from Monroe county, and without locality by Sager

and Miles.

64 THE NAUTILUS.

M. marginata Say. Common in the southern part of the State.

The range toward the north of many of the species commonly met

with in the lower portion of the State is quite unknown, and to be

determined with any degree of accuracy will require a large amount

of extensive and careful field work.

M. rugosa Bar. Common all over the lower peninsula, and some-

times attains considerable size. Detroit river specimens are smaller

and thicker than those from the warmer waters of the interior of the

State.

M. undulata Say. Cited by Sager, and, no doubt, erroneously.

Anodonta Benedictii Lea. Generally distributed. In the south-

ern part of the State it often attains considerable size. Detroit river

specimens as usual are smaller than the average.

A. corpulenta Coop. Cited by De Camp from Berlin, Ottawa

county. Immature specimens from the Canal, at Grand Rapids,

are referred to this species by Mr. W. B. Marshall.

A. decora Lea. A. inornata Anth., described from specimens

from Slawson’s Lake, Michigan, is referred to this species by Dr.

Lea. Cited as A. inornata by Currier and De Camp; otherwise

does not appear to have been found in the State.

A. edentula Say. Common everywhere and exceedingly variable

in size, shape and color.

A. edentula rhombica Anth. This form, described by Anthony,

is entitled to varietal rank; but can be too easily connected with

the typical form to be considered specifically distinct.

A. ferruginea Lea. Cited by De Camp from the upper peninsula.

A. Ferussaciana Lea. Cited by Sager, Miles, Currier and De

Camp.

A. Footiana Lea. Abundant everywhere and in great variety of

form. A. McNielii of Anthony is considered synonymous by Lea.

A. flwiatilis Dillw. Cited by Miles; also by Sager and Miles, as

A. cataracta Say. Cited by De Camp from Pentwater, and as A.

cataracta Say, from the Grand river.

A. Footiana opalina Anth. A most beautiful form, well entitled

to distinction as a color variety.

A. fragilis Lam. A very common species and in some of its

many varieties one of our most beautiful ones. A. flava, glandulosa,

imbricata, irisans and pallida of Anthony and A. subcarinata of

Currier are considered as synonyms by Lea. I have no doubt but

that some, at least, of these forms are entitled to varietal rank ; but

THE NAUTILUS. 65

have not sufficient authentic material to justify making such dis-

tinction at present.

A. imbecilis Say. Southern part of the State.

A. lacustris Lea. Cited by De Camp from the Grand River.

A, maryatana Lea. Cited as such by De Camp from Pentwater.

A. subinflata Anth., described from Michigan specimens and A.

Houghtonensis Currier, from Houghton Lake, Roscommon County,

where it still is found in abundance, are referred here as synonyms

by Lea.

A. modesta Lea. Originally described from a specimen collected

near Kalamazoo; this species has been found in other localities in

the southern part of the State. It is closely related to A. subcylin-

dracea Lea.

A. ovata Lea. Specimens referred to this species indicate a gen-

eral range over the State. A. swhangulata Anth. is considered syn-

onymous by Lea.

A. pepiniana Lea. Cited by Miles. Also by Gould from the

north shore of Lake Superior. I am indebted to Dr. De Camp for

two specimens from Crooked Lake, Emmet County, which he refers

to this species and which agree fairly with Lea’s figure. They may,

however, be young A. Mootiana. Another specimen received from

him, collected in Houghton Lake, Roscommon County, is probably

a half-grown A. Houghtonensis Currier.

A. plana Lea. Southern part of the State. This is the largest

Anodon we have, and attains considerable magnitude in favorable

localities.

A. salmonia Lea. Southern part of the State. Specimens from

Maple River, Clinton County, are much larger and heavier than

those from Ohio.

A. Schafferiana Lea. Cited by Miles, Currier and De Camp.

A. subcylindracea Lea. Common everywhere and very variable.

Some forms seem to exhibit sufficiently persistent peculiarities to

justify giving them varietal rank.

A, subgibbosa Anth. Originally described from Black Lake,

Holland, Michigan. It also occurs in Mono and Muskegon Lakes

at Muskegon, where it is not uncommon.

Spherium simile Say. Common all over the State.

S. aureum Prime. The types are supposed to have been brought

from Lake Superior by the Agassiz expedition. Cited by De Camp

from Charlevoix County.

66 THE NAUTILUS.

S. solidulum Prime. Houghton Lake, Roscommon County ; iden-

tified by Dr. James Lewis.

S. striatinum Lam, Very abundant everywhere and equally

variable.

S. rhomboideum Say. Appears to be generally but not abun-

dantly distributed through the southern part of the State.

S. fabale Prime. Not common but ranges over the State.

S. occidentale Prime. Quite common.

S. emarginatum Prime. The types are said to have come from

the region of Lake Superior. Cited by Currier and De Camp;

but apparently on the strength of Prime’s statement.

S. flavum Prime. Types from Sault Ste. Marie. Cited by Cur-

rier (‘‘ Lake Superior ”) and De Camp.

S. partumeium Prime. Cited by Currier and De Camp from

Lake Superior, apparently from the «statement given by Prime in

his original description. The citation from Houghton Lake in my

catalogue of 1879, is erroneous, as the specimen does not agree with

examples, supposed to be authentic, received from other localities.

S. sphericum Anth. Grand Traverse County and Fenton, Mich-

igan, identified by H. A. Pilsbry. Other examples from the latter

locality are referred to S. secure by E. W. Roper (Naurivs, iv,

p. 40).

S. transversum Say. Rouge River, Wayne County. Cited by

De Camp from Grand River, Kent County.

S. secure Prime. Generally distributed through the State.

S. secure crocea Lewis. Traverse City ; see Roper, NAUTILUS, iv,

p- 40.

S. truncatum Lind, Generally distributed through the State.

S. vermontanum Prime. Cited by De Camp.

S. rosaceum Prime. Cited by De Camp.

S. stamineum Con. Western part of the State.

S. tenue Prime. Cited by De Camp.

Pisidum virginicum Bet. Cited in all the lists and apparently

distributed over the State.

P. adamsi Prime. Cited by Prime from Holly. Cited also by

Currier and De Camp.

P. compressum Prime. Abundant everywhere.

P. abditum Hald. Common everywhere.

P. abditum abyssorum Stimp. Common in Lake Superior at a

depth of from 4 to 159 fathoms according to Smith. Originally

described from Lake Michigan specimens.

THE NAUTILUS. 67

P. rotundatum Prime. “Lake Superior,” Prime and Currier ;

cited also by De Camp.

P. variabile Prime. Apparently ranges over the State as I have

it from Wayne, Washtenaw and Roscommon Counties. Cited also

by De Camp.

P. ventricosum Prime. Cited by Miles and De Camp.

P. noveboracense Prime. Cited by De Camp from Cass County.

P. equilaterale Prime. Detroit and Rouge Rivers, Wayne

County.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE HELICOID GROUP CHAROPA AND ALLIED

FORMS.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

A striking illustration of the vast breadth of the intellectual

horizon open before the zoologist is the fact that notwithstanding the

large number of scientists, only comparatively rarely do two or

several workers publish simultaneously and independently upon

absolutely the same aspect or branch of the same special subject.

When such a coincidence happened in the times of our predecessors

it often gave rise to jealous rivalry, as in the case of Conrad and

Lea, and earlier, Say, Rafinesque and Hildreth. In these newer

days, cases of simultaneous discoveries in science should, and usu-

ally do, lead to an opposite result—to the most helpful and happy

friendship and sympathy between naturalists, even though half the

globe separates them.

These thoughts are brought to my mind by receiving, in the last

Australian mail, proof-sheets of an article by my friend, Charles

Hedley, of the Australian Museum, Sydney, N. 8S. W., entitled

“ Observations upon the Charopide.” In this article Mr. Hedley

discusses many of the points considered in my “ Observations on

the Helices of New Zealand,” published in the September N AutIvus ;

and also extends his notes to the Australian and Polynesian forms.

I cannot refrain from quoting from his paper these passages :

“ Widespread throughout Australia and Polynesia is a group of

land shells which, varying greatly among its members, yet appears

clearly distinguishable from other orders by the small size of its

species, their cancellated sculpture, in which stout ribs are a promi-

68 THE NAUTILUS.

nent feature, flame painting, straight sharp peristome, which

describes a convex then a concave sweep on approaching the right

insertion, and a projecting semitransparent callus, which buries the

sculpture of the whorl on which it encroaches. For this group I

provisionally accept the title Charopide, assigned by Hutton, 1884

(Trans. N. Zealand Inst. xvi, p. 199), extending, however, the

limits indicated by that writer. His vague diagnosis runs as fol-

lows: ‘Animal heliciform with an external shell; tail with a

mucus gland.’ No type is nominated by the author of the family,

and I therefore suggest that the type of Charopide would naturally

be the genus Charopa Albers, whose type species is C. coma Gray.”

Mr. Hedley proceeds to quote the original descriptions of the

groups Charopa Alb., Pitys Beck, Endodonta Alb., Libera Garr.,

Gerontia Hutt., Pyrrha Hutt., Psyra Hutt., Therasia Hutt., Thera

Hutt., Phacussa Hutt.; mentioning also Laoma Gray, Maoriana

Suter, Simplicaria Mouss.; concluding that ‘‘ From the above

review of the genera proposed, it will be seen that the student of

the Charopide is better supplied with divisional names than with

definitions.” And finally: ‘‘To summarise: I would consider that

Patula has no existence in the Pacific; that the southern species

usually referred to that genus are not even of the Helicide family ;

that these species can most conveniently be referred to one or other

of the genera enumerated above, which genera may be grouped

under the subfamily Charopide, a division of the family Zonitide.”

It will be noticed that Hedley includes in Charopide most of the

forms which in my article were placed as sections under Patula and

Gerontia, The similarity of the shells of these two groups is

remarkable, but the information furnished by Hutton upon the

animals denied to the New Zealand Patulee—Charopa, a mucus

gland upon the tail, and therefore I did not feel justified in uniting

the two groups, as I could see no reason for sundering Charopa from

the genus Patula. If, however, Charopa and its allies, Pitys, Endo-

donta, etc., possess a mucus tail gland, I would unhesitatingly fol-

low Hedley in his separation of Charopa from Patula, and in

grouping it with Gerontia (s. lat.). Unfortunately only dried

specimens are accessible to me, and the evidence furnished by

authors is so conflicting that we may well suspend judgment. In

the rank given to the group by Hedley I find myself unable to

fully concur. The presence of a caudal gland and furrows along

the foot margin are rarely if ever of more than generic importance.

THE NAUTILUS. 69

Very closely allied genera vary in this respect, as in the case of

Arion, Ariolimax, Prophysaon, Anadenus, Anadenulus, ete.; or in

the case of Cionella, which has no mucus pore, and Ferussacia,

which possesses this gland. It is hardly needful to multiply

instances—the Zonitide and Helicide are full of such cases,

although many of them are not yet to be found in the conchological

text books. ‘The fact seems to be that this caudal gland is simply

a local exaggerated development, in a convenient place, of the mucus

secreting, glandular structure to be found over nearly the whole

upper surface of the foot ; and it is likely to be developed independ-

ently in different groups. Its presence in different groups is, in my

opinion, no proof of genetic connection. I would therefore retain

Charopa, as well as the forms grouping around Gerontia, in the

Helicids, on account of their dentition, which is not, it seems to

me, in any respect Zonitoid.'

The connecting links between Charopa, Simplicaria, Pitys, Mao-

riana, Endodonta and Libera seem to be too numerous to allow us

to regard these as separate genera; indeed, they are scarcely of

subgeneric rank, unless the examination of the animal reveals dif-

ferences more fundamental than those now known.

JAPANESE LIMPETS.

BY GEO. W. TAYLOR, VICTORIA, B. C.

The Japanese Patellidee were tabulated by Mr. Pilsbry in the

November number of the Naurixus and the table was reproduced

with one slight alteration in the Manual of Conchology, vol. 13, p.

131, issued a couple of months later. Strangely enough, Mr.

Pilsbry omits from his table in both instances one of the commonest

species, namely, Helcioniscus encosmius Pilsbry.

A very fine series of this limpet was sent to me a short time since

by the Rey. H. Loomis, of Yokohama, and I have also received it

from Japan through Messrs W. H. Harrington and Frederick

Stearns. The specimens sent by the last named gentlemen were

1 Some recent authors speak of the “ families” Patulide, Trochomorphide

Cochlostylide, etc. It would be well for them to attempt to give a family

definition before using such terms.

70 THE NAUTILUS.

labelled amussitata while genuine amussitata came as toreuma. I

am by no means satisfied in my own mind, however, that the two

last named are not one and the same species.

H. encosmius is a very distinct and easily recognized species and

varies very little compared with other species of the genus. The

figures in Reeve (Conch. Icon. pl. xvi, p. 86) are good and so are

all those in the Manual of Conchology (vol. xiii, plate 71).

Mr. Pilsbry in the Manual points out that Reeve applied the

name P. variegata to two different species. The first described in

Conchologia Systematica which appears to equal rota of Gmelin

and the other in Conchologia Iconica twelve years later, this last

being the species Mr. Pilsbry now names H. encosmius on the

ground that the name variegata is preoccupied by Blainville for an

unidentified species from Botany Bay.

So far, so good, but Mr. Pilsbry next proceeds to quote asa syno-

nym for his encosmius, H. variegatus Dall, Amer. Jour. of Conch.,

vi, p. 277, but this was Reeve’s first variegatus = rota Gmel., as

Dall himself surmised. Consequently Dall’s localities (which

Pilsbry has copied) are clearly incorrect when applied to encosmius-

My own impression is that the true H. encosmius Pilsbry (==vari-

egatus Rve., Conch. Icon., pl. xvi, f. 56) is a species restricted to

Japanese and Chinese waters, while the localities “Suez (Fischer)

and Red Sea and Gulf of Akaba (Smithsonian Cabinet),” given

by Dall and copied into the Manual are correct for rota Gmel. (=

variegatus Rve., Conch. Syst. ii, pl. 156, p. 1).

The remaining locality given in the Manual, viz., “ Australia”

(Rve.), is also, I think, an error, although I have received from

dealers specimens of encosmius which they assured me had come

from there.

I should have mentioned above that although Dr. Dall in his

paper in the American Journal of Conchology is writing evidently

of rota, not of encosmius, he. quotes both of Reeve’s figures as

though referring to the same species.

[ComMUNICATED. |

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

PHILADELPHIA, Sept. 28, 1892.

Since the publication of the list of members, there have been

admitted to the Association, the following new members:

THE NAUTILUS. @

Mrs. Anita F. Douredoure, 2203 Spring Garden St., Philadel-

phia, Pa. Subject— Cypreide.

Miss E. H. Pitman, Box 295, Bristol, R. I. Subject—Modlusca

of New England.

John W. Palmer, Union League Club, Chicago, Il]. Subject—

(not chosen yet).

Warren W. Herman, 149 Emerson St., Boston, Mass. Subject

—(not chosen yet).

Wm. H. Weeks, Jr., of Brooklyn, N. Y. has chosen for his sub-

ject of special study, the genus Bulimus.

In reference to the suggestion of a Convention of the members to

be held at Chicago next summer, there have been but few responses

as yet. The idea, however, will probably grow, and the members

may become interested in it. Itis merely a suggestion as yet and

of course, will amount to nothing unless the majority of members

think it a good thing. Let us hear from the members.

John H. Thomson of New Bedford, Mass., writes: “I like the

suggestion of a Congress of Conchologists at the World’s Fair

next year.”

Dr. W.S. Strode is in full accord with the idea as may be seen

from the following letter :

Lewistown, IIl., Sept. 7, 1892.

JoHN H. CAMPBELL, Esq.

Dear Sir.—Your idea suggested in last Naurintus to have a

Convention during the World’s Fair of the “ Amer. Asso. Con-

chologists” is just the thing. I am heartily in favor of it and

think it would double the pleasure of a visit to Chicago, at least in

my case, to meet the Conchologists face to face, and form an

acquaintance that has been hitherte only on paper. Let’s have it

by all means and then thoroughly discuss, review and possibly

revise our loved shells. If this can be done, I would not miss going

to the World’s Fair, for anything. Yours truly,

W.S. STRODE.

Mrs. M. Burton Williamson, of University P. O., Cal., has pre-

pared and published (by Smithsonian Institution) ““An Annotated

List of the Shells of San Pedro Bay and Vicinity.” It is a valu-

able list and highly creditable to the author. We have had occa-

sion already, to use it in connection with the collection of the Amer.

Association and find it of the greatest value. Several new species

of Prof. Dall’s are described and figured.

72 THE NAUTILUS.

Want of space in this issue of the Nautitus will postpone the

publication until next month of the acknowledgment of shells

received for the “ American Collection.”

The officers of the Association would like to hear from the mem-

bers in reference to the purposes, objects and workings of the Asso-

ciation. Suggestions are always received with much pleasure as it

aids them in their work. A short resumé of work performed dur-

ing the past summer by each member would make an interesting

article in next NautiLus, and we have no doubt that Messrs.

Pilsbry and Johnson will gladly throw open its columns for that

purpose, as they have already done for this series of articles on the

Association. J. HG.

NOTES AND NEWS.

Errata. In the September Navritus, p. 54, in fourth line

from top, read “ deviuscula” in place of “ texana.” ‘There is no H.

texand.

THE Untonip& of Spoon River, Fulton Co., Ia., are enumerated

and intelligently discussed by Dr. W. 8. Strode in the American

Naturalist for June. °

Epriror Nauritus:—I see that in Mr. Cockerell’s article in the

July number, page 31, “ Notes on the North American Species of

Succinea,” he says, “ (17) S. stretehiana Bland. I have seen this

from San Francisco, Cal. (G. W. Michael), sent by Mr. Singley.

It seems to be a small species, etc.”

During the seven years that I have been collecting in SUE county

I have never found nor have I heard of the above species being

found here. The only Succinea to be found in this county, to my

knowledge, is S. oregonensis. If Mr. Michael or Mr. Singley have

any of the said species to spare, will they kindly send to my address

a few of them for examination and comparison as also the exact

locality whence they were obtained and oblige. I doubt whether

Dr. J. G. Cooper and Wm. J. Raymond, two gentlemen who have

collected species from this county during the past fifteen years or so

have ever found S. stretchiana Bld. here.

Yours truly,

Williard M. Wood,

$1.00 per Year, ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy.

Jajel 7 _

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. Pirspry, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR:

C. W. Jounson, Acting Curator Wagner Institute of Science.

Vol. VI. NOVEMBER, 1892. No.

CONTENTS:

PAGE.

CATALOGUE OF THE GENUS PARTULA. W. D. Hartman, M. D. 73

ANNOTATED List OF ALABAMA LAND Motuusca. F. E. Sargent. 76

ON A REVISION OF THE AMERICAN UNIONID. Chas. T. Simpson. 78

ON THE REVISION OF THE UNIONID&. S. Hart Wright and Berlin H. Wright. 80

NoTEs AND NEws. 81

EPROHAN GES: elas nse nus oe) le bom.» 84

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

il THE NAUTILUS.

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Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of $1.00 per

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tion. A discount of 25 per cent. will be made oninsertions of

six months or longer.

eee PAPER BOX MANUFACTURERS,

Jesse Jones & Go., 616 COMMERCE STREET,

PHILADELPHIA.

Make a Specialty of Trays for Exhibiting Specimens.

CONCHOLOGY--GEOLOGY--ZOOLOGY, ETC., ETC.

Robert F. Damon, Weymouth, has the largest variety of

Natural History Specimens to be seen in England.

Abridged Catalogue on application.

Foreign collectors who are willing to exchange or sell Rare

and New species of SHextxis will kindly communicate with

Mr. Damon.

A beginner wishes to obtain shells for his collection—Land and

Marine Univalves—address,

“SHELLS,” care of Editor Nautilus,

Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

Tottes AcHRoMATIC TRIpLEeTS.—A set of three of these well

known lenses, formerly the property of the late curator of the

Princeton Museum, are for sale by his family. They are highly

recommended. Address, Prof. W. B. Scott, Princeton University,

Princeton, N. J.

oe ON Aerieus:

VOL. VI. NOVEMBER, 1892.

Z

2

x

CATALOGUE OF THE GENUS PARTULA.

BY W. D. HARTMAN, M. D.

In the following pages is offered an arrangement of the species of

the genus Partula into groups according to their natural affinities.

The number now known is nearly a hundred species. Specimens of

nearly all of which I have personally examined, either in my own

collection, in the magnificent collection of HARPER PrAss, or in the

museums of Paris, Geneva, ete. A description of the animal is also

given.

In the next paper the geographical distribution of the leading

forms will be discussed.

The animal is terrestrial and viviparous, the body covered by a

mantle as in Helix, blunt before, tail long and gradually tapering.

Tentacles four, retractile, the upper having the eyes at their tips,

collar and labial processes largely developed, no mucous pore, distinct

locomotive disc, or parallel furrows alongside of the foot; anal and

respiratory orifices in the collar opening on the exterior angle of the

shell; organs of generation united, the orifice behind and below the

right eye peduncle, matrix ample and occupying much space in the

body cavity, often containing several shells of two or three

whorls, beside eggs arranged in succession as developed. The embryo

shells exhibit spiral rows of fovea beginning at the apex, which after

extrusion are continued as spiral striz. The jaw is very transparent

and of a light horn color, slightly arcuate, and more or less atten-

uated at the ends; the whole anterior surface of the jaw is furnished

74 THE NAUTILUS.

with delicate narrow, separated ribs which break the continuity of |

either margin and run obliquely to the median line where they form

a triangular space of ribs of unequal length, which do not reach the

lower margin; the number of ribs on each side of the median line,

vary in the same species, as well as in the different species, the whole

number in each jaw varying from fifty-five to ninety-six ; the lingual

membrane is broad and the denticles vary in size in the different

species some being narrower than others. Shell dextral or sinistral,

varying from oblong ovate, to conic ovate, and from solid to thin

and translucent or hyaline. Labium often flat, and widely reflected,

occasionally revolute or concave, aperture ovate, or auriform, more

or less contracted by the wide and often dentate columella. Surface

with minute spiral strize which are punctulate at the apex.

This genus may conveniently be divided into two subgenera:

Partula (in the restricted sense) and Diplomorpha. The species of

true Partula I divide into two divisions and thirteen groups, each

of which is named for a characteristic species.

I, Aurtrorm Dryiston.

1. Faba Group.

P. faba Martyn. P. navigatoria Pfr.

P. citrina Pse. P. planilabra Pse.

P. vittata Pse. P. fusca Pse.

P. radiata Pse.

2. Auriculata Group.

P. auriculata Brod.

P. compacta Pse.

P. thala Garrett.

P. bilineata Pease.

3. Dentifera Group.

P. dentifera Pfr.

P. formosa Pse.

P. califera Pfr.

P. imperforata Pse., MS.

P. virginea Pse., MS.

P. dentifera,

THE NAUTILUS. 745)

4, Lutea Group.

P. lutea.

P. lutea Lesson.

5. Umbilicata Group.

P.umbilicata. | P. gibba. P. hebe.

P. umbilicata Pse. P. crassilabris Pse.

P. gibba Pfr. P. hebe Pfr.

P. bicolor Pse.

6. Otaheitana Group.

P. otaheitana Brug. P. lignaria Pse.

P. vanikorensis Q. & G. P. producta Pse.

P. mooreana Hartm. P. nodosa Pfr.

P. lineata Less. P. stolida Pse.

P. suturalis Pfr. P. filosa Pfr.

P. carteriensis.

* P. garrettit Pse.

7. Teeniate Group.

P. minima Hartm.

P. regularis Hartm.

P.micans Hartm.

P. corneola Hartm.

P. woodlarkiana Hartm.

P. teniata Morch. P. hastula Hartm.

P. micans Pfr.

P. clara Pfr.

P. carteriensis Q. & G. P. hyalina Mod.

P. attenuata Pse.

P. Hartmani Smith.

P. cinerea Albers. P. flecuosu Hartm.

76 THE NAUTILUS.

P. lyrata Mouss. P. concinna Pse.

P. levigata Pfr. P. Coxi Angas.

P. pellucida Pse. P. kubaryi Hartm.

P. simulans Hartm., P. pellucida Pse.

( To be concluded.)

ANNOTATED LIST OF ALABAMA LAND MOLLUSCA.

BY F. E. SARGENT, WOODVILLE, ALA.

Those familiar with the scarcity of land mollusca in the northern

prairie States will appreciate the pleasure which one experiences in

coming from Minnesota to Northern Alabama.

With headquarters upon the top of Cumberland Mountain in

Jackson Co., it has been my pleasure during the past five months to

do some collecting of land mollusca, the result of which may be of

interest. The topography of the region is quite varied. The

summit of the mountain is comparatively level, rather sandy and

covered with timber. About half way down we come to the

“benches” which are covered with lime-rocks. In most cases the

flat rocks are piled one upon another forming excellent retreats for

the smaller forms. At the foot of the mountain the “ coves” are

level and in places covered with heavy open timber.

The following list is doubtless far from complete, as but a small

portion of the region outside of a radius of two miles from Wood-

ville has been searched.

1. Selenites concava Say. Large form. Common, mostly on

benches.

2. Zonites fuliginosus Griff. Frequent on benches.

3. Z. levigatus Pfr. Common on benches.

4. Z. ligerus Say. Large form. Few very fine.

5. Z.intertextus Binn. Few on top.

6. Z.arboreus Say. Common on top. <A peculiar form with

strong striation above.

7. Z. radiatulus Gray. One example.

8. Z. indentatus Say. Few on benches.

9. Z. wheatleyi Bld. Few on benches.

10. Z. milium Morse. Few between rocks.

11. Z. capsella Gld. Three specimens.

12. Z. Sterkii Dal!. Few between rocks.

THE NAUTILUS. 77

Z.fulvus Drap. Very few on benches.

Z. gularis Say. Common on top.

Z. internus Say. Very common on top and benches.

Z. sp. (?) possibly a new species.

. Zonites suppressus Say.

Patula alternata mordax Shutt. Frequent on benches.

P. Cumberlandiana Lea. Very common on benches.

P. perspectiva Say. Common on benches among dead leaves.

Helicodiscus lineata Say. Very few on benches.

Punctum pygmzum Drap. Few.

Helix clausa Say. Few.

H. thyroides Say. Common in coves.

H. albolabris major Binn. Common on top.

H. exoleta Binn. Very common. Large with thick shell,

(specimens from Chattanooga, Tenn. have very thin shell.)

H. elevata Say. One example. (Beautiful purple-banded

var. taken at Chattanooga, Tenn.)

H. hirsuta Say. Common on top and benches.

H. stenotrema Fér. Common on benches.

H. stenotrema var. globosa, n. var. Very common between

rocks.

H. spinosa Say. Few on benches.

H. tridentata Say. Frequent.

H. fallax Say. Frequent.

H. inflecta Say. Common on top.

H. Rugeli Shutt. Scarce on sides under rocks.

H. appressa Say. Very large and fine. Common on top and

benches.

H. Sargentiana J. & P. (sp. nov.) common on rocks.

H. obstricta Say. Few on benches and in coves.

H. pustuloides Bld. Scarce, only six specimens taken.

H. dorfeuilliana Lea. Few in valley.

Vallonia perspectiva Sterki. Quite common.

Strobila labyrinthica Say. Common under bark.

Pupa corticaria Say. Very common.

Pupa armifera Say. Two examples in drift.

Pupa contracta Say. Common.

Pupa curvidens Gld. Common.

Pupa curvidens var. gracilis Sterki. Few.

Succinea avara (?) Say. Few young.

78 THE NAUTILUS.

48. Pomatiopsis lapidaria Say. Common.

49. Carychium exiguum Say var. exile Ad. Few.

50. Helicina orbiculata Say. Common.

ON A REVISION OF THE AMERICAN UNIONIDE.

CHAS. T. SIMPSON, WASHINGTON, D. C.

In looking over the September Nauritus I was greatly interested

in the article on American Association of Conchologists, and heartily

agree with the suggestion that the nomenclature of our American

Unionids needs revising. But to do this properly will be an her-

culean labor, one that will require time, hard study, and infinite

patience, as well as a love for the work.

In the first place most of the literature on the subject is out of

print, and much of it, such as the New Harmony Disseminator,

Nicholson’s Encyclopedia and the like, is so rare as to be practically

out of the reach of the average student. It is scattered in a very

large number of publications and it will take a considerable amount

of careful research to hunt up what has been written on the subject.

Much of this literature is in a terribly confused condition, and there

are many disputed points which will require the nicest judgment to

satisfactorily settle. Lea read the descriptions of most of his species

before scientific societies, claiming that such reading was a bona fide

publication, and dated them from that time; Conrad held that no

species could be considered published until a description had been

printed and circulated. There was a further dispute between them

as to dates, Lea holding that of publication of the part or separata

in which his descriptions were printed was valid, while Conrad

claimed that the date shouldbe given when the whole volume was

issued. There are many disputed points between Say and Lea as to

their species. Lamarck described his Unionide in Animaux sans

Vertebres, in Latin, giving each species from ten to fifteen words,

without figures, and their identification largely rests on the fact that

Dr. Lea afterwards examined the types.

Rafinesque, in his Monograph of the Bivalve Shells of the Ohio

River, described and figured a large number of Unionide, but the

descriptions are brief and unsatisfactory, and the figures are unrecog-

nizable. Certain conchologists have considered his work valid, and

rf &

THE NAUTILUS. 79

have attempted to identify his shells, others reckon him a quack and

claim that he should not be recognized. So far as I know, few or

none of his types are in existence, and those that have attempted to

identify his species have not been able to agree among themselves.

His work, like a tax-title deed, will always leave a cloud on what it

was intended to cover.

The material itself forms an exceedingly difficult study, even if

the literature was in a satisfactory shape. In North America alone

there are in the neighborhood of 800 commonly recognized species of

this family, yery many of which are extremely close, and nearly all

are quite variable. Only asmall part of this territory has been at all

carefully worked ; even in New York, Mr. Wm. Marshall is making

the most commendable efforts to record their distribution and find

out what species belong to the State, a work which has never yet been

done.

In the belt of country in the south known as the “ Pine Region,”

extending from Virginia to beyond the Mississippi, and from the

Atlantic and Gulf to the “ Hill Country ” specific lines among the

Unionidee seem to be almost obliterated, owing largely, perhaps, to

the sameness of configuration of the surface, and the uniformity of

soil and climate. The British Possessions outside of Canada are

for the most part a terra incognita, and of the eighty or more

nominal species found in Mexico and Central America for the most

part we know almost nothing.

We ought to have a knowledge of the anatomy of each species,

but that is impossible at present, as few local collections are found

over wide areas of our country, and of many forms only the type

shell is known. It is enough to thrill the blood of a conchologist to

read over the list of those earnest collectors who gathered in the

treasures of our streams for Lea, and caught from him his grand

enthusiasm ; it reminds one of the rol] call of some glorious company

of soldiers who perished in battle. Anthony, Barrett, Boykin,

Buckley, Budd, Clark, Downie, Edgar, Elliott, Emmons, Estabrook,

Forshey, Hallenbeck, Jewett, Kirtland, Law, Leconte, Lewis,

Lindsley, Lyon, Moores, Neisler, Pybas, Ravenel, Showalter, Spill-

man, Tait, Tuomey, Vanuxem, White and others of whom I believe

not a soul remains living. There is no such corps of collectors of

Unionidee to-day, and it will probably be a long time before there

is again.

1 Rafinesque’s types are in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences

of Philadelphia.— Ep.

80 THE NAUTILUS.

I think it is recognized by all who have at all carefully studied

the family that Dr. Lea’s arrangement, classifying by the presence

or absence of a dorsal wing, by sculpture and form, is largely

artificial and that some more natural system should be adopted. I

believe that the subgenera of Rafinesque, Swainson, Agassiz and

others are of little value; it seems to me that an arrangement into

groups around certain characteristic and fairly typical species is the

most natural that can be made. But while there are large numbers

of species among which the strongest relationship is at once apparent

there are many others which seem to stand on the border land, and

which may as well be placed in one section as another; others, by

the characters of certain specimens, appear to have an affinity in one

direction and by those of others to belong elsewhere, while there

are some nondescripts that do not fit anywhere.

It is my intention to publish some time in the future a Geographic

and Systematic Catalogue of the Unionidee of North America, but it

will require years of patient study to prepare it. I also hope at

some time to be able to monograph our species.

So far as the South American forms are concerned our material

and knowledge are so limited it seems to me it would be almost

unwise to attempt at present to do anything with them. Dr. von

Ihering is doing excellent work with the Unionide of this region

and probably has a better understanding of the subject than any

man living.

ON THE REVISION OF THE UNIONIDE.

BY 8S. HART WRIGHT AND BERLIN H. WRIGHT, PENN YAN, N. Y.

Eprror Nautitus :—In the September number of THe Nauri.us,

the specialists in Unionide are asked to reply to asuggestion that a

Committee be appointed to classify and revise the nomenclature of

the American Unionidee.

It is well known that the history of this branch of Conchology is

somewhat tainted with personal bitterness and rivalry. The nomen-

clature is in consequence slightly chaotic ; and the synonymy though

not more extensive than in the Helices, or in Botany or Ornithol-

ogy and many other sciences, still needs sifting out. A classifica-

tion too, still better than Lea’s if possible, should be brought for-

THE NAUTILUS. 8]

ward. The determination of priority of names is a delicate matter

in many of our Unionidee, and it should be settled officially by a

Committee on lines of equity, rather than by an individual. The

same is true also, in discarding a so-called species, and in elevating

a synonym to take the first rank.

We have so many species of Unionide in North America, that

extremists, both at home and abroad, look upon the list as one that

is over-loaded. A revision by Committee should command general

acquiescence. It is not true that owr nomenclature is burdened like

that of Europe.

NOTES AND NEWS.

Tur address of Mr. John Ford will be in future Holmes Station,

B. & O. R. R., Delaware Oo., Pa.

Dr. W.S. Srrope has removed from Bernadotte to Lewistown,

Ill., where he will hereafter be permanently located.

Exrracts from a letter to the Editor from Dr. Wm. H. Rusu,

dated U. S. S. Yantie, Montevideo, Uruguay, March 11, 1892.—

“Since being here I have been able to do very little and have not

seen a native land shell. One trip out to the suburbs of Montevideo

only yielded some Helix lactea. At Buenos Ayres I found the

British Cemetery overloaded with Helix pomatia. In the swamps

around Buenos Ayres I found an Ampullaria very common, which

is, I think, australis, and while up at Palermo Park I found another

which I took to be canaliculata. Further collecting around the

swamps led me to believe that they are the same species. The col-

oration of the animal varies from a very dark brown to a light

mahogany brown; the coloring of the animal also leads to corre-

sponding variation in the color of the shell. Both forms are

banded. I saw many in the act of copulation, a light with a dark

individual, etc. I tried to preserve a lot of their eggs, but so far I

have not met with any success. Planorbis perigrinus is also very

common; also a species of Paludestrina. While walking down the

Boca one Sunday afternoon I observed quite a crowd collected

around a man standing on the curbstone. Upon approaching I saw

that he was opening a bivalve which was being eaten by the people,

82 THE NAUTILUS.

just as we eat oysters at home, excepting that he had scalded them

first. Before I left I had secured fifty nice specimens, and learned

the locality, which is Mar del Plata, a summer resort on the coast

of Argentina. I can find no figure of it in d’Orbigny, and from

Tryon’s Structural and Systematic Conchology I judge it to bea

Lutraria.

“« Helix lactea is extremely common in the markets at Buenos

Ayres, and I suppose it can be accounted for by the numerous

Italians there.

“T want to mention that while coming down here we were boarded

when three hundred miles off the coast of Brazil (lat. 30° 09’ 07” S.,

long. 45° 36’ 39” W.) by a swarm of decapods, they flying from

the water and landing on our deck and in the chains. Our deck is

at least twelve feet above the water, and to get upon it they had

to go over the hammock nettings. JI secured fifteen specimens

of various sizes. There were hundreds more but they were injured

so much by their fall as to be of no value. I enclose a hasty trace-

ing from a water-color sketch I made from the largest one.”

THE Unitonip& of Spoon River, Fulton Co., Ill., are enumerated

and intelligently discussed by Dr. W. S. Strode in the American

Naturalist for June. .

THE Recorps of progress in American zoology which the

American Naturalist publishes from time to time are a total failure

as far as mollusks are concerned. The most prominent feature of

the record is the omission of important papers. Our contemporary

should not judge American malacology by the handful of papers

that chance to fall upon his desk.

AT THE MONTHLY meeting of the Linnean Society of New South

Wales, Australia, June 30, 1892, a paper was read entitled “On

the Genus Perrieria,” by C. Hedley, F. L. S. This paper deals

with the rectification of nomenclature; it points out (1) that the

type of Coeliaxis is and must remain, not exigua Ad. & Ang., as

misquoted by Fischer and Tryon, but dayardi Ad. & Ang., as insti-

tuted by the founders; (2) that exigua was based in error upon

specimens of australis; (3) that australis and layardi are generically

incompatible; and (4) that australis (= exigua) is rightfully com-

prehended under the genus Perrieria Tapparone-Canefri.

An apropos addition to this “ clearing up” may be made here.

Ancey, in the Conchologist’s Exchange, September 1887, p. 39,

THE NAUTILUS. 30

proposed the name Bathyaxis for Coeliaxis layardi Ad. & Ang.,

which is,as Mr. Hedley has stated, the type of the genus Coeliaxis!

SPECIES IDENTIFIED. From L’Abbé P. A. Bégin, Sherbrooke,

Prov. Quebec, Canada. 1, Goniobasis livescens Mke, var. 2,

Physa ancillaria Say. 3, Limnea catascopium Say. 4, Spherium

striatinum Lam. 5, Aplexa hypnorum Linn. 6, Planerbis bicar-

inatus Say. 7, Campeloma integra Say, young specimens. 8, Physa

heterostropha Say. 9, Ferussacia subcylindrica Linn. 10, Helix

albolabris Say.— H. A. P.

ConcHoLocists who do not already possess a copy of Tryon’s

“STRUCTURAL AND SysTEMATIC ConcHoLoay ” should procure it

now. This work is indispensable to the collector who wishes

to gain an intelligent idea of the affinities or structure of shells, or

to classify a collection. The plates illustrate thousands of species

representing all of the genera and subgenera, and the text contains

interesting chapters on geographical and geological distribution,

structure, classification, ete. It is the most complete text book on

the subject in the English language.

Notre on Lyocyrvus. In our article upon this genus in the

October NAUTILUS, we intended to mention all of the described

species. Mr. Ford has called our attention to the fact that Lyogyrus

Brownii Carpenter was omitted,—an oversight naturally very

annoying to the author, and of course purely unintentional. This

form was described some years ago by Mr. H. F. Carpenter, the

well-known writer upon New England and especially Rhode Island

shells. It is allied to L. pupoides Gld., differing from that species

in having the body-whorl not free from the preceding, or only

slightly so, whilst in the typical pupoides it is decidedly separated.

The two should be carefully compared with a large mass of material,

in order to ascertain whether they intergrade. In both, the spire

is very much higher and more conical than in the L. Dalliiim—H.

ALP.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR COLLECTING MOLLUSKS AND OTHER USEFUL

Hints ror THE CoNCHOLOGIST, is the title of a pamphlet of fifty-six

pages, issued by the U. S. National Museum, and which can be

obtained by application to the Director of that Institution. The

author, Dr. Wm. H. Dall, has embodied in it a large amount of most

useful information on methods of collecting mollusks of all sorts,

land, fresh-water and marine, the chapter on dredging and the con-

84 THE NAUTILUS.

struction of dredges and other apparatus being especially full and

timely. More space should have been given to the methods of pre-

servation of the soft parts and naked mollusks, those in vogue among

collectors being very crude and by no means up to the times.

Altogether the brochure will be found very useful to active collect-

ors.

Gou.p’s ‘ NortH Paciric EXpLortnG EXPEDITION’ TYPES.—

‘Apropos of Mr. Marshall’s note in the August NauTrLus it may

be as well to state that practically all Gould’s type specimens of the

“ Wilkes” and “ Ringgold and Rodgers” exploring expeditions are

to be found in the National collection. They were of course Govern-

ment property, but Dr. Gould who described them, for the most part

gratuitously, was permitted to retain as remuneration, duplicate spec-

imens for his own collection now at Albany. So of those species of

which there were duplicates there may be said to be two sets of

types. The uniques are in the National Museum. How Mr. Tryon

came to confuse these specimens with those illustrating the mollusk-

fauna of the eastern coast of the United States, which, with sundry

alcoholic specimens, were destroyed while loaned to Dr. Stimpson

at Chicago, I do not know; but that they did not go to Chicago and

are at present in my official custody is indubitable—Dr. Wm. H.

Dall, Curator Dept. Moll., U. S. Nat. Museum, in letter to Ed.

EXCHANGES.

WanteD. Fine specimens of Lobsters, Crabs, Fiddler crabs,

Prawns, Shrimps, Marine, Land and Fresh-water shells. Offered

specimens of Marine, Land and Fresh-water shells. Please send list

and I will do the same in return.— Thomas Morgan, P. O. Box 164,

Somerville, N. J.

OrrERED. Land and Fresh-water shell from East Indies and

Ceylon, in exchange for Land and Fresh-water shells, from West

Indies, California, and Central America— Miss Linter, Arragon

Close, Twickenham, Middlesex, Eng.

Wanteb, Land Shells. Offer, twenty species of Kansas Fresh-

water Shells, including the rare Unio Aberti and Physa solida Lea,

and Land Shells and Cretaceous fossils-—Frank J. Ford, 314

Wabash Ave., Wichita, Kansas.

<4

$1.00 per Year, ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy.

1 He

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H, A. Prissry, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

/L, Lilt

ASSOCIATE EDITOR:

C. W. Jounson, Acting Curator Wagner Institute of Science.

Vol. VI. DECEMBER, 1892. No. 8.

CONTENTS:

PAGE.

PRELIMINARY DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MOLLUSCAN FoRMS FROM WEST

AMERICAN REGIONS, ETC. Robert E.C. Stearns... .... . 8&5

NOTE ON ACMA SACCHARINA (LINNE.) Rev. Geo. W. Taylor. . . . . 89

A NEw LAND SHELL FROM SUMATRA. T.H. Aldrich. . ...... 90

MESODON ANDREWSI IN MissouRI. F.A.Sampson. . . ..... . 90

PAV IIS IDE LORNA DIS stot tear sa aes. Je, MMS, te tote ee ess ee a OL

INO RESPANDMINEWSiarc Ryle ‘des: cee aie) 2 ade enc Pagal

EPR CLUAN GES Mame Pees Tes ihre tes)” game homens, Spe oe We Bal Dal

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

-

li THE NAUTILUS.

ADVERTISING RATES.

Deeemeeeeie eee

Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of $1.00 per

inch for each insertion in advance. Smaller space in propor-

tion. A discount of 25 per cent. will be made oninsertions of

six months or longer.

SPECIMEN TRAYS

FOR CABINETS.

PAPER BOX MAKERS,

Jesée Jones & Go., 615 COMMERCE STREET,

PHILADELPHIA.

CONCHOLOGY--GEOLOGY--ZOOLOGY, ETC., ETC.

Robert F. Damon, Weymouth, has the largest variety of |

Natural History Specimens to be seen in England.

Abridged Catalogue on application.

Foreign collectors who are willing to exchange or sell RARE

and New species of Swexizys will kindly communicate with

Mr. Damon.

A beginner wishes to obtain shells for his collection—Land and

Marine Univalves—address,

“SHELLS,” care of Editor Nautilus,

Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

anwN Merit us.

VOL. VI. DECEMBER, 1892. No. 8

PRELIMINARY DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MOLLUSCAN FORMS FROM

WEST AMERICAN REGIONS, ETC.

BY ROBERT E. C. STEARNS, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM.

Uvanilla regina Stearns.

Shell conical, imperforate, black or purplish-black ; whorls six to

seven, concave, longitudinally somewhat obliquely plicated, the

plicze more or less projecting at the suture, and on the edge of the

basal whorl, producing an undulating or crenulated effect. Other-

wise sculptured by incremental strize which traverse the surface and

cross the plicz at right angles. Base concave, radiately, closely and

prominently striated, more conspicuous, flattened, coalescing, and

sinuously curving at the edge. Commencing at the point where the

outer lip joins the body whorl, a shallow groove follows parallel to

the periphery and extends toward the aperture, without interrupting

the basal sculpture. Aperture obliquely subangulate, black-rimmed

and crenulated on the thin edge of the outer lip; nacreous, silvery

white toward the edge, bright lustrous golden yellow within and

around the umbilical region which latter though deeply pitted is not

open. Columella white, calloused, arcuated with a moderately

developed rib bounding the umbilical depression, and terminating

in a single tubercle. This rib is paralleled by a shallow furrow

terminating in a notch just below the tubercle, and by an exterior

or outer ridge, part of the way double, of a brilliant orange color;

this orange-colored rib is also exteriorly bounded by a shallow

86 THE NAUTILUS.

furrow which becomes obsolete toward the aperture. The base of

the shell otherwise exhibits faint revolving sculpture.

Dimensions: Altitude, 36 mm., diameter maximum, 34 mm.

The above combines the sculptural features of the Japanese

Chlorostomas and West Mexican Uvanillas, more particularly U.

olivacea. It is a much handsomer shell than the latter and the most

northerly form of the group yet detected on the West Coast.

Chlorostoma gallina Forbes var. multifilosa Stearns.

Shell imperforate, large, solid, turbinate globosely conical,

elevated ; whorls five-and-a-half to six-and-a-half, rounded ; suture

simple not channeled ; apex obtusely pointed, eroded and yellowish ;

color nearly black; sculpture consisting of numerous spiral or

revolving closely set narrow rounded ridges or cost, alternating

with fine incised whitish lines or grooves. Aperture rounded

oblique, interior pearly, outer edge rimmed with black and finely

crenulated by the projecting ends of the modified whitish grooving.

Columella arcuated with two blunt tubercles near the base and a

shallow umbilical pit above; base convex.

Dimensions: Altitude, 36 mm., diameter maximum, 34 mm.

The above differs from the typical gallina in the absence through-

out of any longitudinal markings or sculpture and from Hemphill’s

var. tincta by the lack of the “streak of yellow on the base just

below the columellar teeth,’ also by the conspicuous ribbing and

grooving of the entire surface, while in tincta as described, “the

spiral grooves” are “ generally scarcely visible above.”

While strongly characterized, the example before me can hardly

be assigned to a higher than varietal rank.

The two forms above described were collected by Captain George

D. Porter at Guadaloupe Island off the coast of Lower California.

Bulimulus (Pleuropyrgus) Habeli Stearns.

Shell slender, elongated, thin, smooth and shiny, slightly umbil-

icated, with thirteen to fourteen gradually increasing whorls; whorls

slightly convex and longitudinally obtusely plicated ; suture distinct ;

aperture ovate and slightly reflected at the base of the columella.

Color ashen white, slightly rufous, with hints of a narrow reddish

band beneath the surface glaze.

Dimensions (of largest example): Long, 17°5 mm., diameter,

3°5 mm.

.THE NAUTILUS. 87

This form is much more slender than P. chemnitzoides Fbs., which

is well represented by the figures 6a, 6b, plate IX, Proc. Zool. Soe.

London, 1850. Aside from the differences in color and sculpture,

the surface of Forbes’s species is dull in fresh, unrubbed, perfect

specimens; the ribs in the latter species are comparatively sharp,

thread-like, regular, and somewhat distant, the interspaces being

perceptibly wider than the ribs are thick.

Two perfect examples, U. S. Steamer Albatross. The U. S.

National Museum also contains specimen collected by Dr. 8. Habel

several years ago, as well as examples of Forbes’ species.

Chatham Island, April 4th, 1888.

A brief description of the foregoing was included in Mr. Dall’s

paper, “On some types new to the fauna of the Galapagos Islands”

in Tue Naurivus, January, 1892, which also contained descriptions

of Helicina (Idesa) nesiotica, Leptinaria Chathamensis, Zonites

(Hyalinia) Baueri. Reibisch’ who has recently published a paper

on the Fauna of the Galapagos Islands, was probably not aware of

Dall’s article, as he has apparently redescribed the same forms.

Orchidium Lesliei Stearns.

Form rounded ovate, nearly as broad as long. Dorsum coria-

ceous, nearly black, shiny, closely irregularly reticulated, with finely

incised lineation, and otherwise characterized by somewhat distant

flatly rounded papille. Underside, dingy. yellowish white ; margin

of mantle wide, nearly smooth; edge of samesimple. Anal opening

posterior, near edge of mantle and somewhat produced. Respiratory

orifice smaller, in median line with and in front of anus. Sexual

orifice anterior on the right side, under the edge of the large oval

hood or collar. Labial palpi thin, largely expanded.

Charles Island, April 8th, one example; Albemarle Island, April

10th, 1888, two specimens between tide-marks. United States

Steamer Albatross.

Littorina (Tectarius) Galapagiensis Stearns.

Shell small, rather solid, ovate-conic, angulated in outline; five to

six and a half whorls. Whorls covered with obtusely rounded

rather coarse nodules ; of these the peripheral series is the strongest,

the next preceding less prominent, while the other girdles of nodes

are less conspicuous. The peripheral is closely followed by a

1 Die Concholiologische Fauna der Galapagos-Inseln, von Paul Reibisch, Ges

Isis in Dresden, 1892, Abh. 3, 20, pp. 2 plates.

88 THE NAUTILUS.

parallel series just below, and the basis is marked by succeeding

rows of less prominence. Aperture rounded, ovate, and of a dark

chocolate color; columella broad, excavated and produced below.

Exterior dull chocolate, brown above, paler below, with still paler

nodules.

Dimensions: Altitude, 7°50 mm.; latitude, 5° mm.

While in its general faciés it much resembles both Antillean and

Indo-Pacific forms hitherto described, a comparison with such as

most nearly approach it, indicate its non-identity.

James Island, one example, Albatross collection.

Nitidella incerta Stearns.

Shell small, rather solid, acutely ovate, spire elevated, pointed ;

whorls six to seven, moderately convex, with inconspicuous revoly-

ing grooves; upper whorls delicately sculptured with close set

rounded longitudinal ribs. Apex obtuse. Aperture nearly half

the length of the shell. Outer lip somewhat thickened with five to

seven denticles on the inner side. Columella with a single rather

prominent plait or tubercle just below the middle. Surface colored

by five to six brownish-red bands, alternating with as many white

ones on the body whorl.

Dimensions: Length, 6°02; length of aperture, 3; breadth,

2°75 mm.

The above is based on a single perfect example collected by Dr.

Habel. It is nearer to Carpenter’s millepunctata than to any other

west coast form, but exhibits color and other differences when placed

side by side with that species for comparison.

Galapagos Islands (special island not stated), Dr. Simeon Habel.

Littorina (Tectarius) atyphus Stearns.

Shell small, ovate subturrited, witb five whorls; the basal

traversed spirally by five principal obtuse keels or ribs, broken into

nodules; of these the peripheral are the strongest. Between these

and below the lower of the stronger keels, fainter keels are percepti-

ble; the penultimate whorl shows three rows of nodules; of these

the two upper are the more prominent, and the lower one is sutural

and inconspicuous. Color dull ashen chocolate above, lighter below

the periphery of the basal whorl, and mottled below the lowest keel.

Aperture rounded ovate, dark colored ; columella somewhat exca-

vated and of a pale chocolate tint. Near the base of the columella

THE NAUTILUS. 89

the hint of a lightish band may be seen from the edge of the outer

lip, inward.

Dimensions: Altitude, 6°25 mm.; latitude, 4° mm.

Manta, Ecuador; collected by Dr. W. H. Jones, United States

Navy. ‘This is the first example of the genus detected on the west

coast of the American Continent. Published by name only in my

list as below.’

NOTE ON ACMZA SACCHARINA (LINNE.)

BY REV. GEO. W. TAYLOR.

I have lately had an opportunity of examining several hundred

specimens of Acmca saccharina (Linne) and have come to the

conclusion that it is a species that varies comparatively little, and

that Mr. Pilsbry is wrong in supposing (see Manual of Conchology,

vol. XIII, p. 50) that A. stellaria Rve. or A. octoradiata Hutton or

his own A. perplexa are forms of it.

A. saccharina is nearly always distinctly seven rayed. It is

common on the Chinese and Japanese coasts but has not been noticed

by me in collections from the South Pacific Islands.

A. stellaria Rve. is an eight rayed species. It was described I

think from New Holland; my own specimens are from Raratonga

and I suppose it to be a species of the South Pacific fauna. Reeve’s

figures are very good and are copied by Pilsbry, pl. 36. The shell

figured by the same author on pl. 61, fig. 65 is also of this species as

Mr. Pilsbry surmised (Manual of Conchology, XIII, 99).

Acmea perplexa Pilsbry seems to me to be abundantly distinct

from either of the above named species. It is described as with

seven rays but figured with eight which is the correct number.’ It

is a well marked species quite unlike any other Acma@a known to me.

My specimens were collected in New South Wales from which

locality, by the way, I have shells which I refer to Aemea marmorata

T.-Woods, which much more nearly resembles saccharina than does

apy specimen of perplexa I have seen.

2Vide Proc, U. S. Natural Museum, Vol. XIV., p. 326. “ List of shells col-

lected on the west coast of South America, principally between latitudes 7° 30’

S., and 8° 49’ N,” etc., 1891.

3 Mr. Taylor is correct in stating that 4. perplexa is always 8-rayed. The

statement that it had but seven was an error.—ED.

90 THE NAUTILUS.

If my views are correct the synonymy of the above mentioned

species will stand thus:

Acme saccharina (Linne). Habitat. China and Japan.

= lana Rve.

= stellaris Q. & G. (non Rve.)

= stella Lesson.

Acmea stellaris Rve. (non Q. & G.). Habitat. South Pacific

Islands.

= ? octoradiata Hutton.

Acmea perplexa Pilsbry. Habitat. Australia.

A NEW LAND SHELL FROM SUMATRA.1

BY T. H. ALDRICH.

Nanina (Ariophanta) Dohertyin. sp. PI. I, fig. 1, 2.

Shell thin, waxy pellucid, light green, corneous, subimperforate,

whorls six, suture slightly margined, impressed, bordered below with

a narrow white line, body whorl acutely carinated and ridged, pro-

duced at aperture into a flattened spade-like terminal; spire high.

Aperture subtriangular, lip reflected strongly, almost completely

covering the umbilicus.

Locality, Marang, on Southwest coast of Sumatra.

Nort. This shell is doubtfully placed in Ariophanta. It

resembles Nanina nasuta Metcalfe described from Borneo but is

much higher, lacks the band of that species, and is differently

produced. Received from Wm. Doherty, Esq. who states that when

alive it is green with asingularly delicate epidermis, and is arboreal

in its habit. Its color makes it almost invisible. Six specimens

received.

MESODON ANDREWSI IN MISSOURI.

BY F. A. SAMPSON, SEDALIA, MO.

I send for inspection a shell found by me in St. Francois County

in southeast Missouri. While arranging my “ Missouri collection ”

1The illustrations of this species will appear in our next number.

THE NAUTILUS. 91

I was struck with the very evident differences between it and the

albolabris among which I had placed it. The latter all have but

little over five whorls, with aperture somewhat contracted by being

flattened toward the plane of the base. This shell has the globose

form, the rounded aperture, the swollen last whorl, elevated spire,

nearly six whorls and all the characteristics of Mesodon Andrewsi.

I have before me a specimen received from Mr. Binney with his

label showing that it was one of the original lot from which

Andrewst was named. The Missouri shell does not materially

differ from it in any respect. It is very slightly larger than the

North Carolina shell, but not so large or solid as Andrewsi from

Talula Falls, Georgia, also received from Mr. Binney.

H. Andrewsi is a species of the Cumberland subregion, but other

species of that region extend to Missouri, as for instance Stenotrema

labrosum Bld., and I have no doubt of the correctness of my identi-

fication, though it makes an unexpected extension of the habitat of

this species.

A VISIT TO WARD’S.

One stormy night in November the Editors and Manager of

Tue Navutiuus, and their friend the Vice-President of the Amer-

ican Association of Conchologists, found themselves en route for

Rochester, N. Y., via the famous Lehigh Valley route. The object

of their pilgrimage was to see the largest Natural History Establish-

ment of its kind in America,—Pror. WArp’s. Dawn of the next

day found us still far from our journey’s end, near Ithaca, and in

sight of the classic walls of Cornell College, where NEwcoms

labored so many years. From here, we rode for miles along the

beautiful shores of Cayuga Lake, lying like some shining serpent

between its dark Devonian and Silurian cliffs. Then breakfast at

Seneca; and finally Rochester was reached where we were hospitably

received by Prof. Ward, and by his able assistants Messrs. Crump,

DeLaney, Baker and Walton. After the usual amount of talk

incident upon the meeting of a half-dozen lovers of shells, we started

on a tour of inspection, an account of which [ will give in the words

of one of our number.

“ Here is a grand treat, not only for the lover of nature but also

of art, for the preparation of objects of natural history (where accuracy

92 THE NAUTILUS.

is of the first importance) is indeed a most difficult art, requiring

not only a skillful artisan but a scientist as well. Ifa museumis a

collection of prepared specimens, here is a collection of museums in

course of preparation. This work is carried on by a force of from

forty to fifty in a group of twelve or fourteen large buildings, each

devoted to a special department. Our time being limited we could

only take a glance at most of the departments. The nearest build-

ing to Prof. Ward’s residence contains the minerals. A rich collec-

tion of meteorites many of them cut in sections. A splendid series,

of the many varieties of Quartz. Many interesting forms of the

calcite group, including long stalactites, etc., also beautiful spec-

imens of apatite, garnet, malachite, stibnite, ete. In the next building

is the geological department ; and here we see a specimen which isa

treat to both the paleontologist and conchologist: this is the

Cerithium giganteum from the Paris Basin (eocene) with a perfect

aperture. The entire shell is about a foot long, the aperture being

expanded like that of a Stromb. A great series of beautiful Ammo-

nites many of them cut and polished, makes the collector of recent

shells envy the paleontologist and wish that even one species had

survived with its near kinsman the Nautilus. Here, too, are

polished slabs showing sun-cracks, the cracks filled with calcite,

great slabs four to eight feet in length covered with ripple-marks,

while near at hand is the modelling room, where casts and restora-

tions of rare and unique fossils are prepared. A cast of a great

Glyptodon is in course of construction. In an adjoining room an

Trish elk is almost ready for the museum, also a beautiful piece of

work for an archzological museum, a model of the ‘Serpent

Mound’ of Ohio.

“The relief-maps represent a great deal of careful and accurate

work. This is the class of maps that should be in every museum,

college, and school. Prof. Ward is now at work on a large relief-

map of New York State for the State exhibit at Chicago. The

department of human anatomy contains many examples of exquisite

workmanship. MHastily going through the department of taxi-

dermy we note the large mounted elephant with its young, arranged

in a very natural and attractive manner; the Indian and American

buffalo, side by side; the many species of Cervide ; the large groups

of monkeys; superb specimens of the Bengal tiger, male and female.

‘The skunk family’ in and around their burrow, as natural as life,

is both instructive and amusing; and the hundreds of other spec-

THE NAUTILUS. 93

imens all show the highest art in taxidermy. Above the mammals

are the birds, which our limited time did not permit us to examine.

The adjoining room is the osteological department. Specimens from

the elephant and hippopotamus to the small rodents and birds show

as near perfection as it is possible to obtain in this difficult branch.

In the room above this is a large collection of mammalia skulls.”

The invertebrates have long claimed a large part of Prof. Ward’s

attention; and the magnificent series of corals, sponges, echino-

derms and crustaceans, attest alike to the fruitfulness of his journeys

abroad and to the skill of his workmen at home.

In spite of the attractions of other departments, our time was

mainly spent in the “Shell House.” The upper story of this build-

ing is occupied with asuite of rooms containing Prof. Ward’s special

collection of invertebrates, the mollusks being arranged in table-

cases along the sides and down the middle of two largerooms. The

plan of this collection is to have every genus represented by char-

acteristic species, and to have the very best specimens of each species

that can be obtained. The result is a strikingly beautiful as well as

an uncommonly instructive collection. For the past decade or

more, Prof. Ward has been giving special attention to the

mollusks ; and the results of many a journey half round the globe are

here shown. Abalones and limpets from California and the north-

west coast ; Cyprzeas, Murices, Olivas, Pleurotomas from Panama;

Chitons, black Trochi, Cancellarias, etc., from Peru, and limpets of

the Nacella type from Magellan and Chili, secured during a trip

around South America, represent part of the conchological plunder,

while bones of the great fossil edentates, and magnificent minerals

galore also were secured. The fruits of other journeys are seen in

the splendid suites of Magilus and Leptoconchus, from Mauritius ;

Strombus, Cones, Cassis, Cypreeas, Tridacna, Malleus, Aspergillum

and many others from the Indian Ocean ; and besides these, desir-

able species have been selected from the dealers of London, Paris

and Berlin. Not the least part of the pleasure in looking over this

collection is the fund of anecdote and adventure connected with

many specimens secured by Prof. Ward in unfrequented corners of

the world.

The work of classifying this great collection has been well per-

formed by Messrs. Crump, DeLaney, Baker and Walton; the last

named gentleman having supplied exquisite colored drawings of

Nudibranchs and other naked mollusks.

94 THE NAUTILUS.

The lower floor of the same building is Prof. Ward’s stock of

mollusks and invertebrates, one of the largest stocks of shells in the

world, classified in labelled drawers, for the convenience of pur-

chasers.

Again we are homeward bound, and are passing the time in show-

ing, by turns, the specimens secured, and praising or criticising one-

another’s acquisitions; but in one thing we all agree—that the

instruction and pleasure of seeing Prof. Ward’s shells, and the enjoy-

ment of a day spent in the company of the Professor and his able

lieutenants, is well worth a visit to Rochester.

NOTES AND NEWS.

Nores on Unio tureoius Lam. In Tur Navuriius for Nov-

ember last Mr. Geo. W. Dean in distinguishing this species from

U. radiatus adduces the uniform color of the nacre of the luteolus.

This is as a rule quite true. But specimens from the northern part

of this State occasionally have the posterior part of the interior

tinged with a very delicate pink. In a quite peculiar local form of

small size found by Dr. M. L. Leach in Crystal Lake, Benzie County,

the tendency is quite marked and nearly every specimen has the

rosy tinge to the nacre. I have never, however, seen a specimen in

which the whole of the nacre is thus colored, as occurs in U. radiatus.

—Bryant Walker.

STROBILA LABYRINTHICA VAR. VIRGO. We have received from

Rev. H. W. Winkley of Saco, Me., specimens of a Strobila differing

from labyrinthica in being somewhat larger and more depressed, and

translucent-white in color, the lip and lamellze opaque-white. This

variety was found by Mr. Winkley near Sebee Lake, Piscataquis

Co., Maine.—Pilsbry.

A NEW COLOR-VARIETY OF HELIX ALAUDA Fér. Mr. Franciscos

E. Blanes has lately found, at Maisi, Cuba, a variety of the above

species which he proposes to name var. Weeksiana, in honor of Mr.

W. H. Weeks, Jr., of Brooklyn, N. Y. The variety has the follow-

ing characters:

H. avaupa color-var. WreExksiANA Blanes. Form globose-

trochoid with the whorl very strongly deflexed at the mouth. Color

pure white with faint oblique pink streaks. Lip bright pink ; aper-

ture yellow inside.

THE NAUTILUS. 95

Mr. C. A. Wuirremore has been elected curator of the museum

of the Kent Scientific Institute, one of the oldest scientific societies

of Michigan.

GouLp’s Types AND Ms. That which was burnt at Chicago at

the big fire was not Gould’s types of North Pacific Exploring Expe-

dition but his complete MS. and notes, absolutely ready for publica-

tion. As conchological executor of Dr. Gould, his family gave me

his MS. I kept thisof North Pacific Expedition in my fireproof till

Stimpson begged me to send it to him at Chicago, where it was

burnt.— W. G. Binney.

Eps. Nauriuus: I notice in Mr. Simpson’s article on the revision

of the American Unionide that he believes that not a soul of those

of whom he gives a list as collectors in Lea’s time remains living.

I can say for one that Moores is still living and has been for the

past eighty years and five months.—H. Moores, Columbus, Ohio.

A NEW SPECIES OF ENNEA has been dedicated to Rev. A. B,

Kendig, of Brooklyn, N. Y.—E. Kendigiana Rolle, described in the

last number of the German Malacozoological Society’s Nachrichts-

blatt. It is from Senegambia.

b

A REPRINT OF THE “ CoNCHOLOGISTS EXCHANGE.” Many sub-

scribers to THe Navriius desire to obtain the ‘ Conchologists

Exchange, but are unable to do so because it is out of print. The

proprietors of THe Nauriuus have been requested to reprint the

Exchange; and if a sufficient number of orders for the reprint can

be obtained to pay the cost of it, they purpose to issue it in the same

form as the present journal, indicating the original pagination. The

cost of the reprint will be 75 cents for the two volumes. Those who

wish to secure them should address the manager of THE Nauriuus.

Mr. Hedley wishes it to be noted that he now regards the shell,

jointly figured and described (P.L.S.N.S.W. (2), vi, p. 558) by Mr.

Musson and himself under the name of Pupa anodonta, as a second

species of the genus Heterocyclus, instituted by Crosse (Journ. de

Conch., Vol. xx, 1872, p. 156) for the reception of H. perroquini

Crosse, from New Caledonia. This genus is considered by Fischer

(Manual de Conchyliologie, p. 735) equivalent to Lyogyrus, a

member of the Valvatide.

Part 1, of Vol. xv, of the Trans. Royal Soc. of South Australia,

lately issued, contains nine plates illustrating Australian Tertiary

mollusks described by Prof. R. Tate. There are several very large

96 THE NAUTILUS.

and peculiar Cypreas and Conus among the number. Trichotropis

and Scalaria are also well represented.

New Mo.uvsks or St. Herena. Mr. E. A. Smith of the British

Museum has lately described the land shells of the island St.

Helena’, enumerating 27 species, of which 11 are new, and illustrat-

ing them with excellent figures. The prominent characters of the

fauna are a group of thin Bulimuli, the very variable and curious

B. aurisvulpina, which has been known for over a century, and a

group of Patula-like shells very similar to the Pacific group Endo-

donta. Besides these, a novel form is described under the name

Tomigerus (?) perexilis. We can scarcely believe that this belongs

to the South American section Tomigerus. It seems to be a distinet

genus of Pupide comparable to Boysidia and Hypselostoma, but dis-

tinct from either; and deserving of a separate generic name. We

therefore propose to callit CamrpoLamus. The following characters

may be assigned to the group: ‘TT. dextrorsa vel sinistrorsa, parva,

anfr. ult. valde ascendens, pone labrum constrictus et scrobiculatus ;

apertura ovata, superne sinu circulari instructa.

EXCHANGES.

Wantep. Works on Land Shells, and rare North American

and Foreign Helices. Orrrerep, Mesodon dentiferus, Sayii, Acan-

thinula harpa, ete.—A. W. Hanham, Bank of British North Amer-

ica, Quebec, Canada.

WANTED, by purchase or exchange,—good specimens of Anodonta

Ferussaciana Lea, size immaterial provided beaks are perfect.—

Bryant Walker, 18 Moffat Bld, Detroit, Mich.

To EXCHANGE in large or small quantities. Anodonta suborbi-

culata Say and Anodonta corpulenta Cooper, also about 40 species of

the fine Spoon river Uniones and univalves—-Dr. W. S. Strode,

Lewistown, Ill.

Excaance. Unios heterodon Lea, lanceolatus Lea, Tappanianus

Lea, Anodonta Williamsii Lea and Marg. undulata Say (pink var.)

for other Unios not in collection W. T. Farrer, Orange, Va.

1P. Z. S. Lond. 1892, p. 258.

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy.

THe |

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

(2, L174 OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. Pirssry, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

wrt

ASSOCIATE EDITOR:

C. W. Jounson, Acting Curator Wagner Institute of Science.

Wols VE. JANUARY, 1893. No. 9.

CONTENTS:

PAGE.

CATALOGUE OF THE GENUS PARTULA. W.D.Hartman,M.D. ... . 97

BIFIDARIA: A NEW SUBGENUS OF PupA. By Dr. V.Sterki. . . . . . 99

SHELLS OF WILLIAM’s CANON, COLORADO. By F. A. Sampson. . . . . 102

EOSTEPTIOCENE DS SHELES) sO. Crandall sae Gel eee ee LOS

On ACANTHOPLEURA AND ITS SUBGENERA. H.A. Pilsbry. . . . . . 104

ANN WaTROCIID) HRONMAVAPAN. = eAMmisbry: 0 e204 ee LOS

INOTESPAIND MINES! sich urge so ere OE) to et els el ee el OG

XCHANGE OMinem ome iris cute, CC MCN oh es Sk ree AT) om LOS

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

i THE NAUTILUS.

ADVERTISING RATES.

EE

Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of $1.00 per

inch for each insertion in advance. Smaller space in propor-

tion. A discount of 25 per cent. willbe made oninsertions of

six months or longer.

_ SPECIMEN TRAYS

FOR CABINETS.

PAPER BOX MAKERS,

Jesge Jones & Go., 615 COMMERCE STREET,

PHILADELPHIA.

RECENT SHELLS:

\\

AN

HELIX FULTONI, Godwin-Austen. $1.20.

Hugh Fulton has just acquired the grand collection of land

and fresh water shells formed by the late MONSIEUR ARTHUR

MORELET, probably the largest collection ever formed by an

amateur, and containing nearly 10,000 species.

HUGH FULTON (Conchologist),

216 KING’S ROAD, LONDON, S. W.

_—

(re IN Sones)

VOL. VI. JANUARY, 18938. No. 9

CATALOGUE OF THE GENUS PARTULA.

BYS Win DS ECAESEVEAUN, Mi. iD:

(Concluded from November number.)

The genus Partula proposed by Baron Férussac in 1819, is

restricted to certain small land shells inhabiting the Pacific Islands.

The species are found throughout all the groups of these islands,

and as far west as New Guinea, which seems their limit. North of

the equator they are found at the Caroline, Pelew and Ladrone

Islands, and recently the Solomon and New Hebrides Islands have

afforded severai new species: They have not been found at the

Sandwich Islands, New Zealand or Australia. In the Viti group,

Mr. Andrew Garrett has discovered that some species are restricted to

a single valley, each of which has its specific center, and the range of

many species is quite circumscribed. In the Marquesas group some

species are found on top of the highest mountains, like many other

land shells. The species are either arboreal or terrestrial; hybrids

are often found, and they occur between arboreal and terrestrial

species. Some hybrids appear to possess a certain degree of fertility,

and Mr. Garrett informs us that ten species in the Viti group have

produced local varieties. The shells of some species are stout and

solid, while others are thin and attenuate. Many species have a

tooth-like projection from the inner margin of the peristome giving

the aperture an auricular appearance; nearly one half of the

species possess this button-like tooth on the parietal wall. In-

dividuals of some species are entirely sinistral while others are

98 THE NAUTILUS.

wholly dextral, others again are either dextral and sinistral. They

all possess fine spiral stris, which are decussated by oblique ones

giving the surface a waved appearance.

8. Decussatula Group.

P. decussatula Pfr. P. magdalina Hartm.

P. bellata Hartm.

P. decussatula.

9. Turgida Group.

P. turgida Pfr. P. arguta Pse.

P. annectens Pse. P. minuta Pfr.

10. Rosea Group.

P. rosea Brod. P. calypso O. Semp.

P. varia Brod. P. assimilis Pse.

P. virgulata Migh. P. subgonocheila Mouss.

P. newcombiana Hartm.

11. Ganymedes Group.

P. ganymedes Pfr. P. gonocheila Pfr.

P. inflata Rve. P. repanda Pfr.

P. actor Albers.

P. ganymedes.

II. Butrmrnorp Division.

12. Guamensis Group.

P. guamensis Pfr. P. obesa Pse.

P. abbreviata Mouss. P. rufa Less.

P. conica Gld. P. bulimoides Less.

P. guamensis.

THE NAUTILUS. 99

13. Macgillivrayi Group.

P. macgillivrayt Pfr. P. turricula Pse.

P. caledonica Pfr. P. radiolata Pfr.

P. carnicola Hartm. P. eburnea Hartm.

P. paterna Hartm. P. proxima Hartm.

P, eximia Hartm. P. pyramis Hartm.

P. albescens Hartm. P. auraniana Hartm.

P. alabastrina Pfr. P. compressa Pfr.

Subgenus Diplomorpha Ancey.

The jaw, lingual dentition and genitalia are like Partula. The shell

does not possess spiral striz.

D. layardi Braz. D. delatouri Hartm.

D. coxi Hartm. D. peasei Cox.

BIFIDARIA: A NEW SUBGENUS OF PUPA.

BY DR. V. STERKI, NEW PHILADELPHIA, OHIO.

In the “ Preliminary List of North American Pupide”! the name

of this subgenus has been published, but without further note except

that it was in my mss. for a few years. Since then I have obtained

other species belonging to it, and became more and more convinced

that it is really a natural group, and one of the richest in species.

The forms ranging under it are small, few exceeding 3 mm. of

altitude (P. armifera Say, hunana Grdl.). In shape they are rather

various; cylindric, turriculate, conic, ovoid. The color is a lighter

or deeper horn, to chestnut on one, to colorless, i. e. whitish or

glossy-albino on the other side; in some the coloration is rather con-

stant while others show all these variations, e. g., P. hordeacea Gabb.

The surface is smooth, polished, or finely striate or, though rarely,

with fine ribs; heavily ribbed forms have not come to my notice.

A prominent feature lies in the formation of the apertural lamelle,

or plicze, especially in the one on the parietal wall; it is (with few

exceptions) large and more or less distinctly complex, designated in

1 The Nautilus, VI, p. 4 and 7.

100 THE NAUTILUS.

medio excavata, bifida,” etc., and from this character the name of the

group has been derived. A close examination of the different forms

as well as of immature examples leaves no doubt that it is in fact

composed of two different lamellz, the parietalis (inner, deeper) and

supraparietalis (outer, or “ angular”’), almost separate, side by side

in some species (recondita Tapp.-Can.), united to almost a simple

one in others (most of P. rupicola Say), comparatively small in P.

curvidens Gld. and pentodon Say, as here the supraparietal is vem

small or almost obsolete.

The columellar, equally constant, is generally also somewhat com-

plex. The typical inferior and superior palatal plice are always

present, though sometimes quite small, and are, as a rule deep seated,

never reaching the margin ; in some species one or the other of them

is in a peculiar oblique position (P. contracta Say, P. recondita).

Generally there is a “tooth” or short fold at the base, in some

species present or absent. Additional dentiform or lamelliform

plice, sometimes very small, but characteristic, are found in many

species; one on the parietal wall, between the “ parietal” and the

columella, constant (P. armigerelia Reinh.) or inconstant (P. curvi-

dens Gld.), one above the upper palatal (P. armifera Say) one

between the two palatals, inconstant (P. pentodon Say, curvidens

Gld.)

As there is no rule without exceptions—-and in natural science these

“ exceptions ” are always highly interesting !—some, or even all, of

the typical folds may be absent in species which we have reasons to

range under this subgenus (P. corticaria Say, arizonensis W. G. B.).

But in general they are remarkably constant throughout the whole

group which extends over North, Central and the northern coast of

South America, the West Indies and Bermuda, Eastern Asia, and

the islands of the Pacific and Indian Seas. Europe has no recent

forms ranging in the group; but there is a fossil one, P. lamellidens

from the miocene of Tuchoritz, Bohemia, closely allied to our P. con-

tracta Say.

The species have been ranged under different subgenera, such as

Pupilla, Leucochila, which neither comprise the whole group, nor

are homogeneous in themselves, and which can only gain by the

removal of these forms.

There are several distinct groups of which peculiar characters, the

range of distribution and the species will be stated in the following. t

1Conf. Nautilus, VI, p. 4. The species enumerated there will be omitted

here; and so will other species which I do not know well enough as to their

identity, or their position.

THE NAUTILUS. 101

1. Section: Privatula. North America.

Shell cylindric; lamellze few and small or none.

Type: P. corticaria Say. ”

2. Section: Hubifidaria (Bif. s. str.). America, Polynesia.

Shell cylindric-to turriculate ; lamellze typical.

Type: P. hordeacea Gabb. “

P. barbadensis Kiist (W. I.)

P. grevillei Chitty (W. I.) and numerous others.

P. exigua Ad. Mauritius.

3. Section: Boysidia.' Asia, Polynesia.

Shell conic; aperture very peripheric; lamellee typical.

Type: P. hunana Grdl. (China.)

P. strophostoma Mlldff. (Philippines.)

4. Section: Albinula. America, Asia, Polynesia.

Shell oblong or conic-ovate or cylindrical, colorless (contains

rather various forms and should be divided in groups.)

Type: P. contracta Say.

P. armigerella Reinh. (China.)

P. recondita Tapp.-Can. (Japan.)

P. pediculus Shuttl. (Japan, Samoa.)

P. artensis Montrz. (New Caledonia.)

P. meridionalis Mildff. (From description ; China.)

5. Section: Vertigopsis. North America.

Shell small, vertigo-like, albino; parietal lamelle rather short

and almost simple; palatals near the margin.

Type: P. curvidens Gld.

oe

ok *K

So much for the shells. Of the soft parts very little is known

as yet. But it is probable that further investigations will prove the

relations shown by the shells, which in general yield true evidences

of the natural position of their bearers.

1 Beettger, in v. Mcellendorff (Jahrb. Mal. Ges., 1884, p. 180, 181) proposes

the subgeneric name Gredleriella; but Gredler himself sent me specimens with

the above. Dr. v. Mcellendorff ranges the group next to Scopelophila (P. Aokedli

Rssm. and Rossmesslert Schm.); but the resemblance is only external, from the

conic shape of the shells. In the configuration of the apertural parts and especially

the lamellz it closely resembles P. contracta Say, while in Scopelophila they are

of quite a different type and wholly marginal.

102 THE NAUTILUS.

SHELLS OF WILLIAM’S CANON, COLORADO.

BY F. A. SAMPSON, SEDALIA, MO.

Fifteen years ago and again the past summer, I collected shells in

William’s Cafion at Manitou. On the first visit I asked a specimen

dealer if there were any land shells in the vicinity. He said there

were no living ones; that he had hunted for specimens over the

mountains for years, but had never seen one, though there were

dead shells on the side of the mountain near by. I found the dead

shells, and also plenty of living Patula strigosa, in numbers more

abundant than at the latter visit. At that time I had not noticed

that Binney’s Manual gave P. hemphilli as occurring at the same

place, else I would have made diligent search for it, though I do not

think it will be found there. It seems hardly probable that the

young of strigosa were mistaken for hemphilli, though the shells of

four whorls are strongly carinated like hemphilli, while the mature

shells of five whorls do not show any carina. Cockerellin NAuTivus,

Vol. III, p. 102, thinks the finding of hemphilli in the Caiion needs

confirmation.

Cockerell states that these shells are typical cooperi. They are

certainly less elevated than Fig. 152 of Binney’s Manual. They are

more like Fig. 153 except that they have the two bands shown in

Fig. 152, and are not carinated at the commencement of the body

whorl. Some of them have the heavy raised callus connecting the

extremities of the peristome.

On the rocky ledges by the road side in the Cafion, I gathered a

number of small shells, all of them being dead. Had the day not

been excessively hot I might probably have found living ones.

The following will show the species and the number found of

each :

75. Patula strigosa cooperi W. G. B.

9. Zonites arboreus Say.

28. Vallonia pulchella costata Miller.

18. Ferussacia subyclindrica Linn.

Pupa undetermined.

Pupa hordeacea Gabb.

enw

THE NAUTILUS. 108

POST PLIOCENE SHELLS.

BY O. A. CRANDALL, SEDALIA, MO.

While at Belten, Texas, a short time ago, I discovered great

numbers of semi-fossil shells embedded in the clays that were prob-

ably formed during the early quarternary period. They are

distributed through the clay from two to six feet below the surface

and may be seen sticking in the banks at any place along the valley

of Nolan Creek where a gully has been washed out. The land is

covered with large trees, but the best evidence of the age of the

formation is seen in the bed of the creek where the water has worn a

channel in the solid limestone rock over which it flows from two to

three feet deep. The clay and soil of the valley must have been

deposited there before or about the time the creek formed its pre-

sent channel, many, many hundred years ago. The clay has

preserved the shells, in nearly as good condition (except as to color)

as when buried; and those found at the greatest depth are in the

best condition.

I collected the following species :

Bulimulus dealbatus Say.

Bulimulus schiedianus Pfr.

Zonites friabilis W. G. B.

Zonites—probably an undescribed species.

Patula alternata mordax Shutt.

Helix Remeri Pfr. var. umbilicus closed.

Helix Remeri Pfr. var. umbilicus closed and toothless.

Helix Texasiana Moricand.

Helix Mooreana W. G. B.

Helix Leaii Ward.

Helix Berlandieriana Moricand.

Helicina orbiculata Say.

Planorbis bicarinata Say.

Planor bis—probably an undescribed species.

Limnea umbilicata Adams.

Physa Halei Lea.

Physa—probably an undescribed species.

104 THE NAUTILUS.

ON ACANTHOPLEURA AND ITS SUBGENERA.

BY H. A. PILSBRY.

In studying the species of this abundant group of Chitons, the

writer found the scheme of subgenera adopted by the late Dr. Car-

penter and published by Dall’ to be in several respects both insuffi-

cient and faulty. These defects are partly due to the fact that

Carpenter’s studies on this portion of the Chitons were left incom-

plete by his untimely death, and partly to his rather lax usage in

questions of nomenclature.

Acanthoplewra, as a whole, is much more closely allied to Tonicta

than to any other genus. It has no close alliance with the other

genera grouped by Carpenter in “ Acanthoidea.” It agrees

with Tonicia in having certain areas on the valves studded

with minute eyes, which possess a crystalline lens, and are not

especially different from lower mollusk eyes generally. Acantho-

pleura differs from Tonicia in having these eyes scattered about the

bases of the tubercles on the shell, instead of being arranged in

radiating series asin Tonicia. The eyes are visible under a good

hand Jens as minute shining black sunken dots or transparent jewel-

like raised drops.

Carpenter supposed the West Indian species, Ch. piceus, to be the

type of Acanthopleura ; but in Guilding’s original paper no species

of that group of forms is mentioned by name. A critical review of

the subject compels us to accept Ch. spinosus Brug. as the type of

Acanthopleura. The subgenera will stand as follows:

(1) Acanthopleura Guild., (restricted.)

Valves somewhat immersed ; posterior valve having a very long

insertion-plate, cut into numerous teeth by short slits; intermediate

valves with one or two slits; sinus smooth; girdle covered with

long spines. Type Ch. spinosus Brug. Francisia Cpr. is a

synonym.

The immersion of the valves gives the tail-valve, when detached,

the appearance of that of Katherina tunicata.

(2) Maugeria Gray, (restricted.)

Posterior valve having the pectinated insertion plate, cut into

numerous teeth by slits similar to those of the head-valve. Median

1Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, p. 284.

THE NAUTILUS. 105

valves l-slit; sinus smooth, not toothed; girdle densely, closely

clothed with short calcareous spinelets. Type Ch. piceus, of

West Indian coasts. This group is Acanthopleura of Cpr., not

Guilding.

(3) Amphitomura (s. g. nov.)

Posterior valve having the insertion-plate very short, with blunt,

crenulated edge, interrupted only by a single mopaloid slit on each

side ; median valves 1-slit; sinussmooth; girdle asins. g. Maugeria-

Type Ch. borbonicus Desh. The tail-valve alone differs from

Maugeria, but this character is so significant and so strongly

developed that the necessity of separating the two subgenera is

obvious.

’

(4) Mesotomura (n. nov.)

Posterior valve having the long insertion plate deeply pectinated

outside, its edge interrupted only by a single median-posterior slit ;

median valves 1-slit; sinus denticulate; girdle sparsely set with

spike-like spines. Type C. echinatum Barnes. Corephiwm Gray,

1847, not Browne, 1827, is a synonym.

Mention should be made of the curious fact that Gould’s Ch.

tneanus and the similar Japanese species ©. japonicus Lischke, have

been by all authors referred to Acanthopleura. An examination

shows them to differ wholly in the characters of the tail-valve, the

incanus, etc., having a smooth crescentic callus in place of the

insertion-teeth. It therefore belongs in the immediate vicinity of

Onithochiton, from which it differs in the spiny girdle and rough

exterior. The group may be called LiotopHura, Ch. japonicus

being the type.

A NEW TROCHID FROM JAPAN.

BY EH. Ac GerEsSBRY.

Calliostoma Crumpii, n. sp. (pl. I, fig. 3.)

Shell closely resembling C. argenteonitens Lischke (Manual of

Conchology xi, pl. 63, fig. 52) in contour, color and texture. Differ-

ing from that species in the more convex whorls of the spire, the

deeply channelled suture, and in sculpture. The body-whorl is

rounded, and has a girdle of prominent tubercles at the periphery ;

106 THE NAUTILUS.

above this is another similar girdle of tubercles, occupying the place

of the supra-peripheral series of knobs in C. argenteonitens. The

deep, channelled suture is bordered by a necklace of beads. The

base has six encircling carinz, like those of argenteonitens but more

distinctly beaded. The whorls of the spire show the two prominent

series of tubercles, and the subsutural row ; the beads of the latter

sometimes duplicated. Aperture round, oblique, the outer lip slightly

expanded ; columella and parietal lips regularly arcuate, pearly,

Interior silvery, with the reflections of opal. Alt. 31, diam. 26,

oblique alt. of aperture 17 mill.

Habitat, Japan.

This is one of the most exquisitely beautiful shells of this family.

It differs markedly from C. argenteonitens in having a double row

of prominent bosses or tubercles. The opaline hues of the nacre

shine faintly through the thin, duller whitish outer layer; and the

aperture is iridescent with the most intense red and emerald reflec-

tions. The specimen is from the collection of Mr. Shelley G. Crump,

of Pittsford, N. Y., who is making a special study of Trochide and

Turbinide, and in whose honor the species is named.

It should be noted that Trochus moniliferus Lmk. placed in

Calliostoma in my monograph of this family in the Manual of

Conchology, really belongs to the subgenus Hutrochus, but Fischer

has instituted a section Lischkeia for it. A very fine typical spec-

imen of this species is in the collection of Mr. Crump.

NOTES AND NEWS.

Norte on Conutus srerkit Dall.—In Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. vol.

xi, 1888, p. 214, Dall published the description of a n. sp. of

Hyalinia which he called H. sterkii. The description was copied in

Navrtiuus V, p. 10, without a name. The figures represent fairly

well the form, except Fig. 3 which shows the spire too high. As

Mr. Dall justly supposed, it is a true Conu/us, which genus has since

been confirmed as being distinct from Hyalinia by anatomic char-

acters (Dr. v. Ihering and others). In 1891, I examined jaw and

radula of a dried specimen, softened, and could notobtain the radula in

its totality ; now, as there is no hope to have any fresh examples before

next year, [ publish the general result. The jaw is of nearly exactly

THE NAUTILUS. 107

the same shape as that of Con. fulvus, only the upper edge more

equally rounded, 0,036 mm. wide, while that of fu/vus measures

0,024. (Specimen from New Philadelphia). Radula: the central

tooth is comparatively large, tricuspid; laterals 5, tricuspid, similar to

the central; marginals 8 (and probably more) tricuspid, formed as

in ©. fulvus. The shell presents, under the microscope, the same

peculiar aspect as that of fudvus.—Sterki, New Philadelphia, O.

Mr. Hues Futron has recently purchased the collection of the

late A. Morelet, containing a large number of rare species, especially

land shells of Africa and adjacent islands.

Suputrna ocrona, a West Indian snail, has been detected by

Mr. Robert Walton, in a green-house at Roxborough, Philadelphia.

It seems to be well established there, having been found for several

years, in considerable numbers.

Mr. T. WayYLtAnpd VAUGHAN, the well-known Texas and

Louisiana Conchologist, is studying at Harvard University.

THE PROPOSAL TO REPRINT the “ Conchologists Exchange,”

noticed in our last issue, has met with quite a favorable reception ;

but the number of subscribers is still insufficient to warrant its

publication, The reprinting and price will depend entirely upon

the number of subscriptions.

Mr. T. T. Wooprurr, of Boston, has recently purchased the

collection of Dr. Tryon, of Buffalo (3000 species), which he intends

to display in the West.

During the past month, the Conchologists of Philadelphia have

had the pleasure of meeting quite a number of the Conchological fra-

ternity from other cities. Early in the month Professor O. B.

Jounson, of Seattle, Wash., stopped a few days at Philadelphia and

later at Washington, on his way southward. Mr. Jonn Rrrcure,

JR., of Boston is in Philadelphia to stay several weeks. Mr. W. J.

Raymonp, of Oakland, Cal., who is studying Physics at Johns

Hopkins University, Baltimore, was with us a day or two, the guest

of Mr. Ford. Messrs. Stimpson and Henperson, of Washington,

D. C., spent a few days with their friends in Philadelphia, and

also made a flying trip to New York City, during the holidays. Mr.

S., as usual, would admire nothing so much as the dingiest sort of

clams. Mr. I. Greecor, of Jacksonville, Fla., was also in the city

early in the month. Mr.S. Raymond Roberts spent New Year day

at the Academy with his old associates. And finally, our friend

108 THE NAUTILUS.

C. E. Brecuer, of Yale College Museum, called upon us for only

about ten minutes, but we had?time to ask, how was his collection of

recent Brachiopoda coming on? And to hear that he had about

80 out of the 150 or so known species, and is still trying for more.

Dr. J. 8. Newserry, who has been professor of Geology and

Paleontology in Columbia College, New York City, for twenty-two

years, died at New Haven, Conn., Dec. 7, 1892.

EXCHANGES.

Will some of the members of the A. A. of C. kindly send me some

‘LIVING species of Helix for my snailery? Zonites not wanted, as

they cannot survive the trip across the continent. The favor will

be fully appreciated and receipt of specimens acknowledged.—

Willard M. Wood, 2817 Clay St., San Francisco, Cal.

SHELLS and books to exchange. Send lists, and receive mine.—

Chas. Le R. Wheeler, Damascus, Pa.

WanTED, by purchase or exchange,—good specimens of Anodonta

Ferussaciana Lea, size immaterial provided beaks are perfect.—

Bryant Walker, 18 Moffat Bld., Detroit, Mich.

Wantep. Works on Land Shells, and rare North American

and Foreign Helices. OFFERED, Mesodon dentiferus, Sayti, Acan-

thinula harpa, ete—A. W. Hanham, Bank of British North Amer-

ica, Quebec, Canada.

To EXCHANGE in large or small quantities. Anodonta suborbi-

culata Say and Anodonta corpulenta Cooper, also about 40 species of

the fine Spoon river Uniones and univalves.—Dr. W. S. Strode,

Lewistown, Ill.

ExcHanGe. Uhnios heterodon Lea, lanceolatus Lea, Tappanianus

Lea, Anodonta Williamsti Lea and Marg. undulata Say (pink var.)

for other Unios not in my collection —W. T. Farrer, Orange, Va.

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) 10cts. a copy.

(Sal =.

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H, A. Pirspry, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR:

C. W. Jounson, Acting Curator Wagner Institute of Science.

Vol. VI. / Dy he) Y FEBRUARY, 1893. No. 10.

CONTENTS:

PAGE.

ADDITIONAL SHELLS FROM THE COAST OF SOUTHERN BRAZIL. Wm. H.

Dane ey ih eels edn nae a te Les ed.) eva bY oO)

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW FORM OF CypRA:A. John Ford. . 5g aly

THE UNIO MuDDLE. Berlin H. Wright. . a) eet oo). ays

ON CLEMENTIA SUBDIAPHANA CpR. IN SAN PEDRO Bay. Mrs. Burton

Williamson. Oh tutte. 6° (Qo. erent sar eG

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF BuLIMUS. Henry A. Pilsbry. . . . 116

NoTEs ON THE HELICES OF THE BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA. (Con-

PEG EDA, ESISDVcclie ~+ 6 WERNER eS vas ath pr, bo eet Beam keg

IWORESTANDEINOEICES mmrcts We pol tel <, CeMMEMMe tre Molec ten re: Wie umreneromemnell

GE OPPANGH SS suis iar aiihat lec evathe dl (MING S. Wits. | ciraio cy vale eee LOO

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a,

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

pil THE NAUTILUS.

ADVERTISING RATES.

(ee

Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of $1.00 per

inch for each insertion in advance. Smaller space in propor-

tion. A discount of 25 per cent. will be made oninsertions of

six months or longer.

¥ SPECIMEN TRAYS

FOR CABINETS.

PAPER BOX MAKERS,

Jesée Jones & Go., 615 COMMERCE STREET,

PHILADELPHIA.

REGEN TRSHE LIES:

HELIX FULTONI, Godwin- Austen. 5120.

Hugh Fulton has just acquired the grand collection of land

and fresh water shells formed by the late MONSIEUR ARTHUR

MORELET, probably the largest collection ever formed by an

amateur, and containing nearly 10,000 species.

HUGH FULTON (Conchologist),

216 KING’S ROAD, LONDON, S. W.

CONCHOLOGY--GEOLOGY--ZOOLOGY, ETC., ETC.

Robert F. Damon, Weymouth, has the largest variety of

Natural History Specimens to be seen in England.

Abridged Catalogue on application.

Foreign collectors who are willing to exchange or sell Rare

and New species of SHeLis will kindly communicate with

Mr. Damon.

PHEeeN BUTS:

VOL. VI. FEBRUARY, 1898. No. 10

ADDITIONAL SHELLS FROM THE COAST OF SOUTHERN BRAZIL.

BY WM. H. DALL.

In the Nauriuus for August, 1891, (V, p. 43) the writer enumer-

ated fifty-five species of marine mollusks from the southern coast of

Brazil, mostly collected by Dr. H. v. Ihering, which greatly

extended the known range of many familiar species of the eastern

coast of the United States. A second list is now presented which

considerably enlarges the number of North American and Antillean

species known to extend to the region mentioned. Among the land

and fresh-water species, Zonites arboreus Say was a surprise, as well

as a shell which appears not to differ from Vertigo antivertigo of

Europe.

Columbella lyrata Sby. described from the Bay of Panama had

previously been identified by Dunker among species from Santa

Caterina, Brazil, and is now sent from Bahia by Safford. . terpsi-

chore, which is a common species in Ceylon and has been received

from several Indo-Pacific localities, was reported from Barbados

by Cuming and now turns up at Bahia. Labiosa lineata Say is a

surprise from San Paulo, and so is Lucinopsis tenwis Recluz. Several

of the Patagonian forms are shown to extend further north than was

supposed. The species now reported were chiefly collected by Dr.

v. Ihering at San Paulo (S. P.) on the tropic of Capricorn, Monte-

video (S. Lat. 35°), Rio Grande do Sul (R. G. S.) in S. Lat. 32°,

30’, Santa Caterina (S. C.) in S. Lat. 26°, and Bahia in S. Lat. 13°

110 THE NAUTILUS.

30’. Others were sent by Ensign Safford, U.S. N. from Maldonado,

Uruguay, and Bahia. In this connection attention may be called to

the list of shells from Fernando Noronha in the Linnean Society’s

Journal (Zool. xx, pp. 483-503, 1890) by Mr. Edgar A. Smith of

the British Museum. This list is not a long one but the same tend-

ency is obvious there, as in our present lists, for the Antillean species

to range far southward. Thorough dredging along the coast would

doubtless greatly enlarge the lists both of local and Antillean species.

In the following list, which is strictly supplementary to that of 1891,

some of the species are extended southward from their most southern

previously known range nearly three thousand miles! A few species

were sent by Dr. W. H. Rush, U.S. N., in May, 1892, which were

dredged in Maldonado Bay near the mouth of the La Plata in 3-6

fathoms mud. ‘Those belonging to the northern fauna have been

added to make the supplement as complete as possible.

Ostrea sequinoctialis Orb.? worn, R. G. 8.

Plicatula ramosa Lam. 8. P.

Spondylus croceus (Chemn.) Reeve S. P.

Pecten (Janira) ziczac Lin. S. P.

Margaritiphora radiata Lam. S. P.

Mytilus canaliculus Hanley S. C.

Mytilus exiguus Dkr. S. P.

Arca candida Chemn. 8. P.

Arca auriculata Lam. S. P.

Arca incongrua var. brasiliensis Orb. 8. C., R. Y.S., 8. P.

Area Orbignyi Kobelt (rhombea auct.) 8. P.

Leda electa A. Ad. 8. P.

Chama arcinella Lin. 8. P.

Cardium muricatum Lin. 8. P.

Venus subrostrata Lam. S. P. ]

Venus circinata Lam. 8. P.

Venus purpurata Lam. R. G. S.

Venus pectorina Lam. S. P., fossil.

Meretrix rostrata Koch. 8. P.

Meretrix texasiana Dall? S. P.

Tivela mactroides Born S. C.

Tivela Iheringi Dall, S. P.

Tivela bicolor Gray, var. 8. C.

Lucinopsis tenuis Recluz S. P.

Petricola robusta Sby., Bahia.

THE NAUTILUS,

Heterodonax bimaculata Lin.

Tagelus gibbus Spgl., Maldonado,

Tellina striatula Lam, . P.

Macha Cumingiana Dkr, 8. P.

Mactra brasiliana Lam. S. P.

Mactra exalbida? worn, 8. P.

Mactra cleryana Orb. short var. 8. P.; long var, 8. C.

Mactra patagonica Orb, R. G. 5.

Labiosa lineata Say, 8. P.

Corbula caribrea Orb., Maldonado, Rush.

Azara prisca von Martens, (fossil) §. P.

Azara ochreata Ids., Montevideo,

Azara labiata Gray, Montevideo,

Barnea costata Lin, §. 2.

Dentalium (? eburneum Desh. worn) 8. P.

Cylichnella biplicata Lea, Maldonado, Rush.

Bulla striata Brug. S. P.

Terebra cinerea Born, 8. P., Bahia.

Terebra patagonica Orb. 8. P.

Olivancillaria auricularia L., Maldonado, R. G.S.

Olivancillaria var.? pallida Swains., M. Bahia.

Olivancillaria contortoplicata Rve. R. G.S.

Olivancillaria Deshayesiana Duclos, R. G. 8.

Olivella mutica Say, var. petiolita Duclos, Bahia, 8. P.

Scaphella angulata Lam, R. G. §.

Lencozonia ocellata Gmel, Bahia.

Anachis terpsichore Leathes. Bahia.

Anachis lyrata Sby. Bahia,

Columbella mercatoria L. Bahia,

Bullia (Bueccinanops) cochlidium Kiener, Rh. G. 8.

Ocinebra Haneti Petit, Montevideo.

Purpura hemastoma L., Maldonado,

Purpura heemastoma var, Consul, Lam, R. G. 8.

Purpura heemastoma var, inerma Rye. 8. C.

Purpura heemastoma var. I*loridana Conr. 8. C., Bahia.

Scala Orbignyi Nyst. R. G. 8.

Tanthina exigua Lam. 8. P.

Dolium galea Lin, RK. G.S.

Simnia deflexa Sby. 8. P.

Strombus pugilis L. 8. C.

1 THE NAUTILUS.

Crepidula aculeata Gmel. R. G. S., Maldonado (Rush.)

Crepidula fornicata Lin. R. G. 8.

Sigaretus maculatus Say, S. C.

Acmea onychina Gld., 8. P. Maldonado.

Astralium olfersi Troschel, 8. P.

Astralium latispina Phil., S. P.

Omphalius viridulus Gmel. var. brasiliensis Mke. S. P.

Omphalius patagonicus Orb., Maldonado.

Lucapinella adspersa Phil. S. P.

Fissuridea barbadensis var. rosea Gmel. 8. P.

Fissuridea patagonica Orb., Maldonado.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW FORM OF CYPRZA.

BY JOHN FORD.

Cyprea cruenta Gmel. var. Greegori n. var.

Shell depressed, orbicular-oval in form, heavily calloused on the

sides and ends. Callus on the sides light salmon in color, with irre-

gular purple-brown spots, having a blotchy appearance. Dorsal

surface similar to that of erwenta, but lacking the whitish spots typ-

ically present in that species. Base spotless, salmon colored, darkest

in the interstices. ‘Teeth on outer lip very strong, long and whitish ;

on inner lip finer, with the exception of the anterior fold, and the

adjacent tooth, both of which are very prominent. Space between

the anterior fold and the following tooth wide and bright red;

posterior teeth of inner lip prolonged outward upon the base.

Dimensions of an average specimen: length 14, breadth § inch.

Ata glance this shell appears somewhat related to C. cawrica

Linn., but a careful examination will show that it is entirely distinct

from that species, the columella of cawrica being more concave, and

the anterior fold bifid in character; the following tooth of cawrica

also is less prominent, and the form and color of the species

altogether different.

This variety differs from C. cruenta in being smaller, more

rounded in form, entirely lacking spots on the base, and in the

peculiar variations of the teeth as described above.

While most students would probably consider var. Greegori a

distinct species, I am inclined to believe it too’closely related to C.

a)

THE NAUTILUS. 113

eruenta for unquestionable specific distinction. The form has not

been known, at least to American collectors, until very recently.

The shell bears the name of my good friend Mr. Isaiah Greegor,

of Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, an untiring collector and student of

shells.

THE UNIO MUDDLE.

BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT.

For the past fifteen years my father and myself have been making

a study of the family Unionide and have ‘brought together some-

thing like 700 species. Like many others we have often been greatly

perplexed to know where to place a form, being frequently reminded

of what a celebrated paleontologist once wrote me regarding a

certain gastropod. “It is but if it had lived a little

longer it would have been

Several years ago we brought to New York the results of four

years hard collecting in South Florida, several bushels of Unios.

The perplexing part of the work was commenced, having in hand a

figure or description or both of almost every species of the family.

All of the shells belonging to the trossulus group were placed upon

alargetable. There was U. amygdalum Lea, lepidus Gould, modioli-

formis Lea, and trossulus Lea. Then with the figures and descrip-

tions of these species before us, we selected a few perfectly typical

individuals of each species and undertook the task of dividing the

mass of material into four groups corresponding with the above-

named species. There were not less than 500 individuals, all cleaned

and taken alive. Many days were spent in this work. At the close

of the day we would congratulate ourselves that they were correctly

divided and the next day on reviewing the work make many

changes, until, at last, we gave up in despair and have never dared

to send many of them out—only the extreme forms being thus far

used.

Then the work of dividing the others in the same manner was

undertaken. Typical specimens of various ages and differing sexes

of the following species were selected. U. Buckleyi Lea, Jayanus

Lea, Anthonyi Lea, Buddianus Lea, aheneus Lea, Blandingianus

Lea, coruscus Gould (comparison having been made with the type at

Albany), fuscatus Lea, Jewettii Lea, minor Lea, Monroensis Lea

9

114 THE NAUTILUS.

(here let me say that I have traversed every inch of the shore of L.

Monroe, dredging in scores of places in the lake and adjacent

streams and never found a perfectly typical specimen of this species),

occultus Lea, and papyraceus Gould, the last a specimen loaned from

the Newcomb collection. When we finished, thousands of specimens

remained that could not well be placed with any of the groups.

These were divided into groups and further search made among the

various authorities at hand to discover their identity. After elim-

inating all possible, many interesting forms remained, represented by

large numbers of individuals. These we desired to classify and use

in exchanges, and names we must have for them. We reasoned thus:

The water system of South Florida is in no way connected with

Georgia or the States north, the rivers flowing northward instead of

southward ; many of these forms are found in isolated lakes or

ponds; large numbers of our known species described by Lea,

Conrad and others from a single individual, sometimes a single valve

only and rarely more than a small suite being at hand; some of the

oldest known species have never been found outside of the original

station. These facts justify us in erecting into species such well

marked forms as are well represented in these unknown lots.

Accordingly this was done and now I am censured for not having

given the matter sufficient study. Will those who claim to know,

tell us through the Nauritus how they arrive at such definite and

positive conclusions regarding the genuineness of some of my own

and other’s species? Will the censor name the exact characteristics

of any species? Information of this sort will be hailed with wild

delight by all working naturalists, and the name of the discoverer will

always be held in grateful remembrance by all lovers of science. We

wait.

I believe there can be no safe middle ground. It is either true

that there is but one species in the family or else most of the

desctibed species must stand as good.

In the U.S. the Anodon graduates by imperceptible stages into

the Margaritana and that into the Unio.

We once found a lot of shells in a Pennsylvania stream that both-

ered us greatly, and the late Dr. Wesley Newcomb pronounced them

a cross between An. undulata Say, and U. pressus Lea. Exteriorly

they were the latter but interiorly the former. This suggests the law

of hybridization. Distinguished authorities tell us that members of

the same species only are fertile; the crosses in some rare cares prov-

THE NAUTILUS. 1s

ing fertile only for a generation or two. Crosses of widely differing

forms or races are very fertile, but sterility is the law with members

of the same family but of differing species. Has this test been

applied to the family Unionidze? This seems to be the only way

the trwe boundaries of species will be fixed.

It can be asserted without fear of successful contradiction that the

members of this family (Unionidze) are connected in such a manner

that it is impossible to draw a limit to any species. ‘The same is

true in many other families, recent and fossil, as the Ammonites,

snails, sponges, etc. Is it not true that species are mutable, similar

conditions and surroundings only yielding like forms? Dr. New-

comb, to settle a dispute, reared from a single pair, five species (?) of

Achatinella, their surroundings being varied to produce the desired

change. The most cautious recent investigators incline to the theory

of mutability of species. The wild dog has descended from the wolf ;

the domestic dog in all its forms from the wild dog; the domestic

cat from the wild cat and the pet guinea-pigs from the wild guinea-

pig of Brazil. The domestic forms of these will not pair with

ancestors, the new species being evolved by differing conditions.

Hence it is that almost every branch of Zoology is burdened with

synonymy and is in great confusion. The only practical course for

the purpose of classification and study of Natural History is to

admit that the principal well characterized forms are species. There

is no other course open to us and I have concluded from this pro-

cess of reasoning that Lea’s, Conrad’s and others’ names, where based

on well characterized and differing forms as exhibited in numerous

individuals, will have to stand as “good species” in spite of the

dictum of individuals. This must be the case or the very founda-

tion of all Natural Science will be destroyed and systemization be

impossible. It, therefore behooves us to exercise much caution in

our strictures upon the work of others especially where we have not

the means of knowing the facilities possessed by the one with whom

we differ.

Regarding the classification of the family Unionidx, I think Dr.

Lea’s Synopsis a pretty close approximation to what we want. By

making some changes it becomes a most useful adjunct to the

cabinet. It enables the student to hunt down a species by the pro-

cess of elimination very expeditiously. I have found some changes

and additions expedient. The habitat is entered opposite each

species as also a reference to the work, page and plate where it is

116 THE NAUTILUS.

described, together with marginal notes of allied species, and all the

species described since the last edition was published are entered in

their proper place as indicated by the author. A new edition of

this work is what we need and not any sweeping change in the

arrangement of species.

ON CLEMENTIA SUBDIAPHANA CPR. IN SAN PEDRO BAY.

BY MRS. BURTON WILLIAMSON.

To a collector interested in the geographical distribution of shells,

the occurrence of species in distinct areas, is full of interest, even

though it may modify his preconceived notions regarding defined

limits of certain species.

In Dr. Wm. H. Dall’s work, “ On some New or Interesting West

American Shells,” (From Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XIV), he

reports the dredging of Clementia subdiaphana Cpr., near San

Francisco Bay, in 24 fms. The writer says, “the locality whence

the specimen was obtained is 600 miles farther south than before

reported.” The habitat of this species was Vancouver Island and

Puget Sound, until Dr. Dall dredged it from Port Etches and south-

ward on the Alaskan coast. A small valve of Clementia subdiaph-

ana has recently been collected in San Pedro Bay, by Mrs. Laura

H. Trowbridge. Mrs. Trowbridge found it on the beach and sent it

to me for identification. As nothing like it had been collected in

San Pedro Bay, to my knowledge, I sent the interesting specimen to

Dr. Dall for determination. He writes; “looking over some

material now on hand, I find young specimens from among my

dredgings of 1873 at Catalina Island, and a young one dredged in

1890 off Santa Barbara by the Fish Commission, thus fully confirm-

ing the extension southward.” This extends the species 500 miles

farther south.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF BULIMUS.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

Placostylus alienus n. sp.

Shell subeylindrical, with conical spire, very solid, the body-

whorl buff, spire tawny. Whorls 43, convex. Aperture slightly

exceeding half the total length of the shell, somewhat oblique,

oblong ovate, whitish inside becoming orange toward the lip; per-

THE NAUTILUS. 117

istome very heavily calloused within, the callus orange; face of the

lip convex, thickened, a little expanded ; columelJa arcuate, reflexed,

having a strong fold above the middle, produced by a strong cres-

centic ridge which encircles the columella immediately behind the

reflexed columellar lip. There is a shallow peripheral sulcus upon

the latter third of the body-whorl.

Alt. 29, diam. 143 mill.; alt. of aperture 163, width 10 mill.

inclusive of peristome.

Habitat, New Hebrides.

This species was sent to me by Dr. J. C. Cox of Sydney, N.S. W.

Australia. It seems to be quite distinct from any of the described

forms. In some characters it resembles the genus Diplomorpha,

and Dr. Cox suggests that it may belong to that group; but the

balance of characters seem to me in favor of Placostylus.

Dr. Cox writes “I have only recently received this, to me, quite a

new species of shell, and fancy it belongs rather to the genus Diplo-

morpha than to Bulimus. I have one specimen with a thin brown

epidermis on it, another with the mouth quite pale colored.”

NOTES ON THE HELICES OF THE BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA.

BY HH. A. Ses B RY.

Dr. von Marten’s work on the land shells of Middle America,

now in course of publication in Godman and Salvin’s magnificent

work, Biologia Centrali-Americana, promises to rank as one of the

great faunal works of our time. Coming after Crosse and Fischer’s

elaborate and beautiful volume, it is naturally more complete, and

to a great degree supplements the work of the French authors.

The last parts of the Biologia issued contain a portion of the

account of the Helices, and as a résumé of the principal points of

classification will be of interest to specialists, the writer has ventured

to briefly pass them in review.

v. Martens recognizes PATULA as a genus, and in it he includes

the sections Thysanophora and Microconus.

In the genus Hetrx the following subgenera are adopted:

Acanthinula, Vallonia, Trichodiscina, Practicolella, Arionta, Pom-

atia, Lysinoé, Oxychona, and Solaropsis. In the subgenus Acan-

thinula are included the minute, conical-globose, narrowly umbil-

icated forms for which the writer some years ago proposed the name

Ptychopatula. These formsseem to me to be nothing more than nar-

118 THE NAUTILUS.

rowly perforated Patule, having no especial relations to Acanthinula.

The jaw and dentition of A. granum Strebel are like the thin-shelled

Mexican Patulas, not at all like Acanthinula. The subgenus Tri-

chodiscina Martens (—Trichodiscus Strebel, preoc.) includes the

forms grouping around H. coactiliata Fér. The very peculiar

species H. macneili Crosse is included with doubt. If it really

belongs here, the name Averellia Ancey, 1887 (type H. maeneili)

will take precedence over Trichodiscina. In 1889 the writer from

a study of specimens collected by Gabb, referred this species to

Cepolis, although not without doubt.

(Zo be continued.)

NOTES AND NOTICES.

ZONITES STERKIU Dall.—I collected this species last Spring near

Mt. Lebanon, La., under damp leaves. Dr. Sterki kindly deter-

mined the specimens for me—T. Wayland Vaughan.

Nores ON THE UNIONID# OF FLORIDA AND THE SOUTHEASTERN

Srares, by Charles T. Simpson, Aid in the Dept. of Mollusks, U.

S. National Mus. (32 pp., 26 pl. extract from Proc. U. S. Nat.

Mus. XV). In this critical study of the mussels of the southeast

drainage we find much to commend. Mr. Simpson discusses their

distribution, dividing our area into two regions, one the Mississippi

Valley with the Texas and eastern Mexican area as a subregion, the

other region comprising the States bordering on the Gulf of Mexico

from the Mississippi to Florida, and the Atlantic drainage north to

Canada, and also including the St. Lawrence (Great Lake) drain-

age. In this second region, the specific forms are comparatively few

and much less diversified in character than in the Mississippi drain-

age. One of the most ubiquitous types is Unio complanatus, which

extends, with variations, throughout the system.

Lea’s well-known classification of Unio is criticised and designated

as “ artifical and not in accordance with all the facts of nature;”

and in this conclusion we heartily join Mr. Simpson. The arrange-

ment of Lea was a temporary expedient only, and bears about the

same relation to a natural system that the arbitrary systematic

botany of Linnzeus bears to the modern natural system of plants.

The species are classified into “groups” by Mr. Simpson; and

under each one are given the synonyms, as he understands them,

with notes on distribution, and the salient specific characters of each

are pointed out. These notes, with the characteristic and generally

THE NAUTILUS. 119

very good outline figures of all the species, will be of the greatest

use to students of the Uniones of this region. The synonymy given

under some species, such as U. buckleyi, obesus, etc. is rather alarm-

ingly extensive, and some of his conclusions may cause our Unio-

specialists to hurl (verbal) missiles at Mr. S.’s devoted head, ‘just

to show there’s no ill feeling;” but the Uniologist must learn

to dodge these little things or take them in good part, as they are

all incident to the pursuit of a noble science. One new species, U.

subluridus, is described, from Orange Springs, Volusia Co., Fla.

We are sorry to see that by some oversight., Mr. S. has given to

Lea the beautiful Anodonta of the Florida lakes. It was previously

described by Thomas Say, and attains a much larger size than the

figures given by Lea or Simpson.—H. A. P.

CyPR#A CHRYSALIS Kiener.—This species, which apparently has

not been seen by REEvE, SoweRBy and Roperts, who quote their

descriptions from Krener, is commented upon and described by

Metyviuu in the October number of the Journal of Conchology,

issued last month. He places the species between wrrorata Sol. and

quadrimaculata Gray ; and it is considered by him a good species,

possessing some of the attributes of the C. fimbriata Gmel. var.

microdon Gray, some of C. (Naria) irrorata Gray, and others of

quadrimaculata Gray, but differs from all in the produced extrem-

ities.

CypR@®A AMPHITHALES Melv. is also discussed in the same paper,

a more perfect specimen than the type having been obtained from

Port Elizabeth, S. Africa. This species has the characters of

Cypreovula, combined with those of “ Zuponia” algoensis. It has

lately been figured by Sowerby in “The Marine Shells of South

Africa,” pl. 5, figs. 94-96.

Post PLiocENr SHELLS.—In the January Nauriuus, p. 103, a

list of semi-fossil shells from Belten, Texas, is given. The Zonites

mentioned without specific name is a large form of Z. indentatus

Say. The Planorbis is trivolvis; and the Physa is a very slender

form, like a small Aplexa hypnorum, or the slenderest sort of a Ph.

pomilia Con. It seems to be new, but is represented in Mr. Cran-

dall’s collection by a single specimen.

SPIRULA FRAGILIS FOUND ON THE BEACH NEAR GAY HEAD,

Mass.—The stranding of Spirula fragilis on Nantucket has been

described in Binney and Gould’s Invertebrates of Massachusetts.

It may be of interest as showing the further distribution of this little

120 THE NAUTILUS.

cephalopod to note two specimens of the dried internal shells of this

species found by Dr. Aug. F. Foerste and myself on the sandy beach

between Gay Head light-house and Squibnocket, in August, 1889.

The specimens lay on the surface together, above high tide mark,

are the only examples which I have seen from the island of Martha’s

Vineyard. One of the specimens, which I have lately deposited in

the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History, was broken

anteriorly and the protoconch was missing.—J. B. Woodworth.

Cambridge, Mass., January 21st., 1893.

NerwsPAPrEeR ConcHoLocy.—The gloriously free daily press of

this country does not often discuss scientific matters, but when it does,

facts are apt to be mangled. The following clipping is not so bad:

“Tt is generally supposed to be a sign of wet weather when snails

go about without their shells. | One species of snail never takes its

walks abroad except when rain is at hand. Some climb trees two

days before a down fall, setting upon the upper side of the feaves if

a storm is to be of short duration, but taking shelter on the under

side if it is to last some time. Still other snails turn yellow before

rain, and blue when it is over.”

Mr. JonHn Watton, formerly of Ward’s Natural Science

Establishment, Rochester, N. Y., is now employed as Artist in the

Biological Department of the University of Chicago, and his address

in future will be Science Hall, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.

THE DEATH OF RICHARD Owen, the great anatomist, has been

announced.

Mr. Isaac MARTINDALE, well-known as a botanist and entomol-

ogist, and treasurer of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-

delphia, died at his home in Camden on January 10th.

AT THE ANNUAL election of the Conchological Section Academy

Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, the following officers were chosen :

Director, W. S. W. Ruschenberger; Vice Director, John Ford;

Secretary, Edw. J. Nolan; Treasurer, S. Raymond Roberts ; Con-

servator, Henry A. Pilsbry.

EXCHANGES.

LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS to exchange for shells from

any other locality —Morris Schick, 2349 Fairhill St., Philadelphia,

Pa.

To ExcHANGE: Fine fossils for Foreign or rare North American

Helices. Also wanted, “ Manual of American Land Shells” by

W. G. Binney, 1885.— CO. S. Hodgson, Albion, Illinois.

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) 10cts. a copy.

THE

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. Pirspry, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR:

C. W. Jounson, Acting Curator Wagner Institute of Science.

Vol. VI. /Z, d/ ¥ MARCH, 1893. No. 11.

CONTENTS:

PAGE.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE HELICES OF NEW ZEALAND. Dr. H. v. Ihering. . 121

ON THE ORIGIN OF THE LAND-SNAIL FAUNA OF QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA.

Charles'*Hedleys> 415), - Occ ts teers ce Ho). | salves ca lod:

HELICES COLONIZED IN Brea Con N. Y. William B. Marshall. . 126

NoTES.ON UNIO coRUSCUS GOULD. Berlin H. Wright. . . .. . . 126

Siucs INJURING CorrEE. T. D: A. Gockerell: ... . . ; ere iT,

NOTES ON THE HELICES OF THE BIOLOGIA CENTRALIA Paienieinae

H. A. Pilsbry. e's es ees

NOTES UPON DR. v. Taner OnEe nae oie rs ‘Pils: Foo 31RD)

SOM MiSHIENTHAtER. . - . . Qe, . . oc Bae. « o d8L

INOTLESYAND NOTICES: 25.56 her «, sMMEEEIed sew ee) ew ey ted wr SIL

EXCHANGES ciae. strats habit tans SRS, Sobre) a ee ae See Q

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter. .

li THE NAUTILUS.

ADVERTISING RATES.

ee

Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of $1.00 per

inch for each insertion in advance. Smaller space in propor-

tion. A discount of 25 per cent. willbe made oninsertions of

six months or longer.

SPECIMEN TRAYS

FOR CABINETS.

PAPER BOX MAKERS,

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PHILADELPHIA.

RECENT :SRELLS:

\

HELIX FULTONI, Godzwin-Austen.

Hugh Fulton has just acquired the grand collection of land

and fresh water shells formed by the late MONSIEUR ARTHUR

MORELET, probably the largest collection ever formed by an

amateur, and containing nearly 10,000 species.

HUGH FULTON (Conchologist),

216 KING’S ROAD, LONDON, S. W.

‘HE ONAUTILGS.

VOL. VI. MARCH, 1898. No. 11

OBSERVATIONS ON THE HELICES OF NEW ZEALAND.

BY DR. H. V. IHERING.

Upon this matter Mr. Pilsbry has communicated two papers in

the Nautixus for 1892 (pp. 54-57 and 67-69). <A curious con-

firmation of his observations upon simultaneous discoveries in

science is the fact that I published the same ideas as Mr. Pilsbry,

at the same time, in a paper finished by mein 1891. In that paper,

p- 487, I stated that:

Maoriana Suter is synonymous with Strobila ;

Phrixgnathus Hutton is synonymous with Punctum.

And that these genera, and also the (so-called) Microphysa, and

the other allied New Zealand genera are Patulide. Mr. Pilsbry

having made the same disposition of them in his paper, p. 55.

Mr. Pilsbry, again, (p. 69) has offered the same opinion upon the

systematic value of the mucous pore as I have done on p. 401 of my

paper, and has even used the same examples, to which I added

Zonites with, and Zonitoides without mucous pore. I trust that

Messrs Hedley and Suter will recognize from the study of my paper,

that the ideas of Semper on the Zonitide are extremely erroneous;

and that they will therefore agree with Pilsbry and myself, in dis-

carding Semper’s conclusions.

1H. vy. Ihering Morphologie und Systematik des Genitalapparates von

Helix, Leipzig, 1892. Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zoolog. Bd. 54, p. 386-420 and Taf.

18, 19.

aA THE NAUTILUS.

I agree completely with Mr. Pilsbry in regarding the numerous

“oenera” of the Charopide instituted by our Australasian confreres

as subgenera of Patula. Thus Patula is a completely cosmopolitan

genus. The true Helicide do not exist in New Zealand. In

my paper already cited, I have restricted the family Helicide (p.

426) to the genera having a dart sack or sacks (belogonous). These

are the following :

Xerophila (Held.) v. Ih.

. Fruticicola (Held.) v. Ih.

“eHelic ((e. )evectihe:

. Campylea (Beck) v. Ih.

. Gonostoma Held.

. Dorcasia (Gray) v. Th.

. Cochlostyla Fer.

The genus Helix comprises Tachea, Pomatia, Iberus, Macularia.

The Helices of U.S. are not belogonous and form my genus Neo-

helix (p. 482), corresponding in general to what Mr. Pilsbry called

Polygyra. But as Mr. Pilsbry’s genus also included Gonostoma

and Vallonia, these genera are not synonymous. It is not at all

convenient to give the name Polygyra to the section Polygyra and

also to a greater group which each zoologist defines in a different

manner. The genus Neohelix is a very natural one, but its system-

atic position will not be evident until the origin and affinities of the

genus are demonstrated, and this, I believe, will be made out by

farther anatomical and embryological studies.

I provisionally give the name Parahelix (p. 492) to all Helices

which are not Helicide or Neohelix. Theanatomy of the Parahelia

group is almost unknown.

The family of Helicide is not. represented (excepting the imported

genera) in the U.S. east of the Rocky Mountains; and there seems

no paleontological evidence that they formerly existed there. The

genus Campylea extends from Europe and Asia to California,

Central America and eastern South America. These South Amer-

ican Helices without doubt are pliocene immigrants. No Helicide

are found in Australia, New Zealand or Polynesia. Nor in Chile

and La Plata tertiary beds no true Helicide occur. There can be

no doubt that the family Helicide is a paleearctic one, which in

tertiary time extended to America.

I agree in general with the observations made by Mr. Pilsbry on

the relations of the New Zealand fauna; but I believe that Mr.

—

.

“Io O1 e CC bo

THE NAUTILUS. 123

Pilsbry did not take into consideration the disposition of some cos-

mopolitan genera in certain points. Thus Pupa is represented but

by one species in New Zealand, and Succinea not at all; and not-

withstanding there are perhaps no two genera of Nephropneusta

more cosmopolitan than Pupa and Succinea. The genera Physa,

Planorbis, Limnea, Ancylus (with Latia), Cyclus, Pisidium, Neritina,

Helicina, Melania are cosmopolitan but have disappeared with time

in some localities. Some genera now confined to one locality were

once cosmopolitan like Partula, now Polynesian only, but found in

the European eocene by Oppenheim and in the Florida miocene by

Heilprin. Other generamay have been more restricted in distribu-

tion as I presume with the Chilinas of Archiplata, which shall be

discovered I assume some day in mesozoic beds of Australia or New

Zealand. It is to be studied which are the genera or families of

Nephropneusta which once spread cosmopolitan over the globe.

I can name Patula, Suecinea, Pupaand perhapssome Zonitide, Bul-

imulus with Partula, Bulimus with allied genera.

If we compare the molluscan fauna of South America and New

Zealand, it is evident that it is impossible to expect to see the rela-

tions as very close. Both have undergone enormous modification

since they were disconnected in the beginning of the tertiary period

according to the theories of Mr. Hutton and myself. The archiplatan

province of South America has in the later tertiary received

immigrants from North and Central America (such as Campylea) and

from the Archamazonian province (as Streptaxis, Ampullaria, Glaba-

ris, ete.). New Zealand on the other hand, received immigrants from

the adajacent islands and from Australia, and this Australian

element is perhaps in part Asiastic. The genera common to Archi-

plata and New Zealand thus may be very few. Anyone who studies

land shells from Archiplata, excluding the northern immigrants will

be astonished by the extreme poverty of the fauna. And what remain

as presumably autochthonous, are such genera as Pupa, Suecinea,

Patula, Bulimulus, Bulimus.

I am quite aware that these facts are not sufficient to prove the

ancient connection of Archiplata and New Zealand; but it should

also be stated that no facts contradictory to such connection have

been adduced. The argument can be conclusive only when we know

better the paleontological history of the fauna. What is known

to-day is in favor of my theory, as I have demonstrated in relation

to the fresh-water shells. Also the fossil marine shells will probably

124 THE NAUTILUS.

give the same result. Is it not a curious fact, that in the Patagonian

eocene occurs a true Struthiolaria, a genus not elsewhere encountered

either recent or fossil but in New Zealand? Al] these questions can

only progress when the relations of the fossil faunas of Australia and

New Zealand are compared with those of South America.

ON THE ORIGIN OF THE LAND-SNAIL FAUNA OF QUEENSLAND,

AUSTRALIA|!

BY CHARLES HEDLEY.

In a former article I dealt with the internal distribution of the

mollusea of British New Guinea. A few remarks on the external

relations of this fauna have since suggested themselves. Wallace’s

line, so conspicuous a severance among the vertebrates, appears to

be quite blotted out when the distribution of animals is regarded

from a molluscan standpoint. No sharp break occurs between the

Malayan fauna as exemplified in Borneo or the Philippines and in

New Guinea. All the characteristic Malayan forms, Atopos, Xesta,

Helicarion, Microcystina, Trochomorpha, Obba, Chloritis, Cochlostyla,

Pupina and Diplommatina, are common to both regions. The

Solomon Islands, Fiji, Samoa, etc., appear by the light of the Papuan

shells to be inhabited by an eastern extension of this Malayan fauna,

which has also overflowered into Queensland.

One of the most remarkable facts yielded by an analysis of the:

Australian land molluscan fauna is that the operculate snails are

confined to a narrow strip of land along the Queensland coast.

Proceeding southward from Torres Straits, they diminish gradually

till the last outpost of the invading army is reached about the Clar-

ence River. The sole apparent exception to this rule is Truncatedla,

which spreads to Tasmania and South Australia; but as this genus

is strictly littoral and evidently migrates not by land but by sea, it

cannot be considered as a disturbing factor in my generalization.

Contrasting the fauna of Queensland with the more typically

Australian and probably archaic fauna of Tasmania, Victoria and

Western Australia on the one side, and that of New Guinea on the

other, it will be seen that this foreign aspect of the operculate genera

Pupina, Helicina and Diplommatina is shared by the inoperculate

1From an article in Proc. Lin. Soc. N. 8S. Wales, Australia.

THE NAUTILUS. 125

forms of Atopos, Hadra, Chloritis and Pupuina ; Atopos prismaticus

of Papua claiming affinity with A. australis of Queensland; Hadra

broadbenti with H. fraseri ; Chloritis chloritoides with C. porteri;

and Papuina naso with P. macgillivrayi. The species actually

common to both regions are few; B.macleayi inhabits both countries,

T. annula only finds a place in the Queensland catalogue by court-

esy, while Pupa pedicula, S. gracilis, T. ceylonica, T. valida, and

Leptopoma vitreum are widespread throughout Polynesia. From

these premises it may be deduced that the Queensland mollusk fauna,

though isolated sufficiently long to have lost specific identity with

that of Papua, has nevertheless been derived from it.

The shallow sea of Torres Straits now severs this continent from

the adjoining island. Were its bed raised but seven fathoms, the

two countries would be united, while an elevation of ten fathoms

would form a wide bridge between them. When the marine life

east and west of Torres Straits is better known, it will be of interest

to observe whether the influence of an ancient isthmus is still visible

in any divergence between the fauna inhabiting the two areas.

Further to the westward, the coasts of Australia and New Guinea

again converge, being separated by an arm of the Arafura Sea,

which gradually shoals from a central depth of 40 fathoms and

stretches for about 150 miles between Cape Wessel in the northern

territory and Cape Valsche on the opposite shore of Dutch New

Guinea.

In the Transactions of the Royal Society of S. Australia, Vol. v.,

pp. 47-66, Professor Tate enumerates the land and fresh-water

mollusca of tropical S. Australia [North-central Australia] it is

remarkable that whereas a third of the landshells of Papua and a

sixth of the landshells of Queensland are operculate, his census

includes no operculate landshells whatever. Thus at the remote

date when the ancestors of the present Queensland mollusk fauna

migrated from New Guinea across the ancient isthmus that I suppose

to have bridged Torres Straits, the Arafura Sea appears to have still

presented an impassible barrier between the two countries. The

former elevation of land in this region, if uniform from east to west,

may therefore be calculated at more than seven and less than forty

fathoms.

126 THE NAUTILUS.

HELICES COLONIZED IN HERKIMER (C0., N. Y.

BY WILLIAM B. MARSHALL.

.

Mr. Albert Bailey recently sent me specimens of Helix elevata,

Helix Mitchelliana, Helix profunda and Helix exoleta from localities

in Herkimer Co., N. Y. The following notes bearing upon the

occurrence of these species in Herkimer county are extracted from

a letter received from Mr. Bailey :—

“T think it will be necessary for me to explain the presence of

certain Helices in Herkimer Co., N. Y. Several years ago ‘about

20) Dr. James Lewis, of Mohawk, colonized several species from

Ohio in a branch of the ravine leading from Ilion to Cedarville.

The specimens sent you are the offspring of the imported species.

Of Mesodon exoleta Binn., I have collected many specimens—in fact

they have become numerous. Mesodon Mitchelliana is also quite

plentiful. Of Mesodon elevata I have found only nine specimens.

Of Mesodon profunda I have six perfect specimens and some

immature. Of Mesodon multilineata I have not succeeded in finding

any. I have had the good fortune to find one reversed or left

handed Mesodon exoleta.”

NOTES ON UNIO CORUSCUS GOULD.

BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT.

In the Proc. of the National Museum, Vol. xv., page 419, Mr.

Chas. T. Simpson, of the Smithsonian Institution, makes some notes

on this species and others which he considers identical with it. He

classes my beautifully rayed chestnut U. fryanus with the rayless,

pitchy-black species, which Dr. Gould described in Proc. Bost. Soe.

Nat. Hist., 1856, p. 15, as U. coruscus. 'The description says “ epi-

dermide piceo,” or tar-like, “solida,” or solid, “transverse ovata

ad dorsum lata,” or transversely ovate and broad behind. The

habitat is given as the “St. John’s River, near Beresford, Florida.”

The author remarks that it might be taken for a young U. buckleyi

Lea, but is more solid, less angular and darker colored, stronger

hinge.

THE NAUTILUS. 127

I have tried hard to find out just what shell Dr. Gould described,

have compared shells with the original type and have collected over

every foot of ground in the vicinity of Lake Beresford, where the

types were found. The original is a wedge-shaped, pitchy-black,

rayless and very solid shell and in but one particular, resembles my

handsomely rayed, oval, thinnish shell, with a light chestnut epider-

mis. The single point of resemblance is the nacre, which in both is

brilliantly copper colored and iridescent. The typeshell at Albany

is truncated anteriorly, and very abruptly so, according to my fig-

ures which are most faithful representations of the different views

of Dr. Gould’s type specimen, and the dorsal margin is much more

strongly arched than in any of my U. fryanus. I will add that my

shell was not described from a small representation, but I have

fully a half bushel as near alike as two pins; and I will add

further that no man can find my shell in Lake Beresford or in that

vicinity. Neither can it be said that they have become extinct

there as no vestige of them occurs on Hontoon Island, at the

entrance to Lake Beresford, where there is a perpendicular cut or

enbankment, fully fifteen feet high, through a mass of Unios.

True it isthat U. fryanus can be connected by intermediate forms

with U. coruscus Gd. So also I can just as perfectly connect Mr.

Simpson’s U. subluridus, which he bas just described from Florida,

with any one of a half dozen Florida species.

SLUGS INJURING COFFEE.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL.

Mr. Walter W. Wynne, of Brokenhurst, Mandeville, Jamaica,

sends me some slugs which injure his coffee trees, together with the

following interesting notes: ‘I first noticed this pest in 1888; it

was brought to my notice by seeing numbers of brown leaves on

the trees, all at the ends of the primaries. I was very much afraid

the leaf disease had come here; however, on examination I found

the new growth was, in every case, barked, and after some search

found it was done by the slug. Since the discovery I have hardly

left off my ‘picking gang,’ which turns over the rocks and stones,

dead tree-trunks, etc., where the beasts lurk in daytime; I have also

put heaps of lime at the tree roots, which helps to keep them away

128 THE NAUTILUS.

and at the same time does the trees good. On the whole, though, I

think the best plan is to plant bananas or plantains, which I am

doing, as they are the especially favorite food of the slug, and by

carefully searching the bananas, etc., great numbers can be found.

The people remember a plague of these slugs some twenty years

ago.”

Mr. Wynne has gone into the question of remedies so carefully

that there is little to add from the practical standpoint. It would

probably be a good plan to encircle the trees, near the ground, with

a thick ring of some obnoxious substance, such as coal tar or cart-

grease. This could be done quite cheaply, and the slugs would be

prevented from ascending the trees.

These slugs belong to a species called Veronicella sloanti. They

were first noticed by Sir Hans Sloane, and afterward named sloanii

by Cuvier. I have seen a specimen, collected by Sloane, preserved

in the British Museum. The typical form is white or whitish, but

Mr. Wynne’s specimens constitute a variety, which may be called

Veronicella sloanti var. coffee. This variety is over three inches

long when adult, and about an inch and a quarter broad. Above

it is dark brown, obscurely mottled with darker, but beneath white,

more or less tinged with yellow. The foot or sole on which it walks.

is very much narrower than the body.

Institute of Jamaica, Jany. 26th, 1893.

NOTES ON THE HELICES OF THE BIOLOGIA CENTRALI AMERICANA.

BY H. A. PILSBRY.

[ Continued from p. 117.]

The new section, Praticolella, is proposed by von Martens to

replace Praticola Str. & Pffr., preoccupied. H. griseola and H.

berlandieriana are united and both are well figured. The use of the

subgeneric name Lysinoé for the Aglaia and QOdontura of previous

authors, is a needed reform and was adopted some years ago by the

writer. The Mexican species of Arionta, described a year ago by

R. E. C. Stearns, is not included.

In his rehabilitation of the subgenus Oxycnona, Dr. v. Martens

neglects to state that he follows the arrangement originated by the

writer three years ago, and discussed at length in the Manual of

Conchology (2), V, p. 128.

THE NAUTILUS. 129

Oddly enough, v. Martens says that “perhaps also the Brazilian

Hl. bifasciata and H. lonchostoma may find their natural place in

this subgenus.” The “perhaps” might well have been omitted in

view of the fact that H. bifasciata is the type of the group! The

curious H. sigmoides of Morelet is placed with doubt in SoLARop-

SIS.

The genus PoLy@yRa is adopted in the sense in which it is

understood by myself and later American writers. Two new spe-

cies of Polygyra are described and figured.

Of the genus SrRoBILa an interesting form, S. salvini Tristr., is

described and figured. It is from N. Guatemala and resembles our

S. labyrinthica, but the umbilicus is much wider.

The part concludes with the genus Lasyrintuus. This group

will prove to be a subgenus or section only of the genus Caracolus,

as defined by me in 1889. The anatomical characters of Caracolus

and its sections, Lucerna, Dentellaria, ete., have been discussed in

the Proc. Acad. N.S. Phila., during the past year.

NOTES UPON DR. v. IHERING’S OBSERVATIONS.

BY H. A: PILSBRY.

The paper upon New Zealand Helices by our distinguished South

American correspondent calls to mind a few thoughts which may be

of interest to those who have read the previous articles.

It may be stated here, although the matter of no consequence,

that my two articles upon this subject were published respectively

two and one month prior to the issue of the zweiter Theil of v. Iher-

ing’s paper' (the portion containing his remarks upon New Zea-

land forms), although there is no.doubt that the latter was written

before mine, in fact during 1891. Our essential agreement upon

certain points is a great satisfaction to me because it is a strong

recommendation of the truth of those views. Especially is this the

case in the estimation made by each of us of the systematic value of

the mucous pore in Zonitide, and in the reliance upon characters of

the generative system for the foundation of generic groups of Pul-

nonates. In regard to the mucous pore the writer wrote emphatic-

ally some years ago, that it could not be a family character, and in

some cases is not even generic. Should we make a new “family”

_ | Zeitschr. f. Wiss. Zool., 54, drittes Heft. Ausgegeben den 4, Oct-

ober, 1892. Received at Philadelphia, Oct. 25, 1892.

130 THE NAUTILUS.

for Pecilozonites, which has the dentition, radula, etc., of Zonites,

but no mucous pore? Or for Streptostyla ligulata because it has a tail-

pore while some of the other Streptostylas with very similar shell and

anatomy have none?

Passing over Dr. v. Ihering’s limitation of the family Helicide,

which I can readily prove to be untenable, I may be excused for

making some mention of the new genus Neoheliz. Several years

ago, when I recognized the essential identity of Polygyra, Triodopsis,

Mesodon, etc., 1 selected the first of these as a generic name for the

whole, because it was the oldest name proposed. In common with

the vast majority of modern naturalists, I recognize the rule of

PRIORITY as absolute. Were it otherwise I could change Dr. v.

Thering’s Neohelix to “ Paleohelix” on the ground that he includes

H. townsendiana Lea init, that species being really a Lysinoe!* Or

on the ground that Neohelix is a misnomer, for they are not “new ”

helices at all, but a much older, more archaic type than the genuine

Helix of Europe! The latter, indeed, are the new Helix, being the

most highly specialized of all Helices.

As to y. Ihering’s group “ Paraheliz,” formed to include “ all

Helices not Helicide or Neohelix,” it seems to me to be an entirely

unnecessary addition to nomenclature; for it would include forms

in no way related to one another. The anatomy may be unknown

to Dr. v. Ihering, but, as may be seen by glancing over my paper

on the genera of Helices, it is not unknown to some others. It is as

if one were to propose a “family” to include all carnivora not

belonging to Felide or Canide.

In respect to the former wide range of Partula, it should be said ~

that Oppenheim’s “ Partula” are Buliminus, and Heilprin’s are Bul-

imulus ; both groups exist in the same regions to-day. A word on

the former connection of New Zealand and South America. The

only elements the two faunas have in common seem to be either (1)

cosmopolitan genera, all of which probably date back to the Car-

boniferous period, or (2) genera of like ancient origin, but which

have been replaced in the Tropics and the North by the more mod-

ern types developed by the more active competition. At the same

time, I offer this simply as an opinion, which may stand or fall. In

any case, the hypothesis of Prof. Hutton and Dr. von IThering is of

great interest, and cannot fail to stimulate investigation of this most

important question.

‘y. Ihering probably meant H. plychophora Brown, a Mesodon formerly

confused with the other species.

THE NAUTILUS. 13h

G. W. LICHTENTHALER.

To-day the news has reached me from California, of the death in

San Francisco, February 20th, of GzoraE W. LicHTENTHALER, late

of Bloomington, Ill. He was an enthusiastic conchologist, and his

name is well known among lovers of shells, throughout the country.

Deeply interested from the start in the success of the American

Association of Conchologists, he contributed largely to its special

American collection. Many of the labels in that collection, especi-

ally of West Coast shells, bear his name. But not alone in public

was his generosity shown. Many of our younger conchologists can

testify to the practical help received from him in the early stages of

their study. He was a quiet, unassuming man, and it is fitting that

we should express in words the sense of loss which we all feel.

I first met him in 1878 on the Pacific Coast, where he spent the

winter for many years accompanied by his wife, travelling from San

Diego to Puget Sound, in search of the forms of marine life which

were their special objects of study. His wife died not many years

after the period of which I speak, deeply mourned, and since then

he has travelled alone. I last saw him in Oakland about a year

_ago.— Wm. J. Raymond.

NOTES AND NOTICES.

ANNOUNCEMENT.—Conrad’s “ Fossil Shells of the Tertiary For-

mations of North America” will be republished as soon as 100 sub-

scriptions can be obtained at $3.00 each. The republication will

consist of No’s 1, 2, 3 and 4, of the original edition, 1832-33, and

the so-called reprint of No. 8, 1835. The various changes made in

the text of each of these parts in different editions will be given in

full. Those desiring copies of this work should confer at once

with Mr. G. D. Harris, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.

' The Wagner Free Institute of Science will doubtless republish

Conrad’s “ Medial Tertiary ” under somewhat similar conditions.

HELIX NEMORALIS IN Wisconstn.—While in Baraboo, Sauk

Co., Wis., last fall, a little boy gave me a handful of Helix shells, that

he said he picked up in the summer, while his father was plowing.

They were all dead excepting one, which seemed to be of a different

species and new to me. Through the kindness of Mr. Bryant

Walker, I found the shell to be of the European species, Helix

nemoralis Miiller. It was so late in the fall I could not go out and

132 THE NAUTILUS.

look for more specimens, but hope to be able to do so in the spring,

If I succeed in finding more will report it, believing that some of the

readers of the NauTiILus would be interested in the find, from this

locality.— Nettie A. Rowley, Evansville, Wis.

CANTHARIDUS IRIS Martyn.—It is not generally known, we

believe, that the young of this handsome New Zealand shell is

umbilicated ; but a specimen 18 mill. in Jength in the collection of

Mr. Shelley G. Crump shows this to be the case. The umbilicus is

narrow and like that of an EHutrochus. The shell is evidently quite

normal, and would serve quite well for a “new species” of Eutro-

chus, the periphery being sharper than in adult C. iris. Under a

lens the surface of this specimen, as well as of some others in the

Philadelphia Academy collection, is seen to be finely pitted, as if

eroded by an Eschara. We say as if, for no trace of foreign growth is

visible on the shell. It would be interesting to know the cause of

this sculpturing.—H. A. P. & C. W. J.

Dr. Wm. H. Datw’s second volume upon the tertiary mollusea

of Florida, etc. has appeared. A full notice of the numerous impor-

tant additions to our knowledge of this fauna contained therein will

be given next month.

An. interesting paper read by Mr. Joseph Willcox before the

Delaware County Institute of Science, entitled “On THE EVOLUTION

OF THE EARTH AND THE HEAVENLY BopteEs,” has been published

in pamphlet form. The course of cosmic and terrestrial evolution

is graphically described in the light of the latest researches; it

would be difficult to find elsewhere the same amount of reliable infor-

mation presented in such compact and readable form.

EXCHANGES.

Wanrep.—Fossils, especially Trilobites, also Murex and Zonites,

any locality, and shells not in my collection. Offered—British ©

Land and Fresh Water and U.S. Land and Fresh Water shells.—

Robert Walton, Houghton St., Roxborough, Phila., Pa.

Marine, Land and Fresh Water shells, fossils, minerals, to

exchange for marine shells or reliable works on marine mollusca.—

Homer Squyer, Mingusville, Montana.

Wanrep.— Unios and other fresh water and land shells, in

exchange for those of southern Wisconsin. Please send list and

receive mine.—WNettie A. Rowley, Evansville, Wis.

APR 10 4893

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) 10cts. a copy.

| Ls, h/t THE

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. Pirssry, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR:

C. W. Jounson, Acting Curator Wagner Institute of Science.

Vol. VI. APRIL, 1893. No. 12.

CONTENTS:

PAGE,

ILLUSTRATIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF SHELLS. . . 133

A New Anoponta, Chas. T. Simpson. . 134

THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF MICHIGAN. Bryant Walker. . . 135-

GEORGE W. LICHTENTHALER. Morton J. Elrod. . 141

NOTES AND NOTICES. 143.

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

il THE NAUTILUS.

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CONCHOLOGY--GEOLOGY--ZOOLOGY, ETC., ETC.

Robert F. Damon, Weymouth, has the largest variety of

Naturl History Specimens to be seen in England.

Abridged Catalogue on application.

Foreign collectors who are willing to exchange or sell Rare

and New species of Saexis will kindly communicate with

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ptt aay mond

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THE NAUTILUS VOL. VI. PIES Ihc

ae N AUTOS.

VoL. VI. APRIL, 1898. No. 12

ILLUSTRATIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF SHELLS.

Nore. —In the December, January and February numbers, plate II is referred

to erroneously as pl. I. All the figures of this plate are slightly magnified, being

one and one-third times natural size.

Nanina (Ariophanta) Dohertyi Aldrich. PI. II, figs. 1, 2.

This species was described in the December no., p. 90.

Bathybembyx Crumpii Pilsbry. PI. IT, fig. 3.

This species was described in the January no., p. 105, as

Calliostoma Crumpii. In the last number of the “ Journal de Con-

chyliologie” (Paris), Mr. Crosse proposes the name Bathybembysz to

replace Watson’s genus Bembyx (preoccupied). In it he places B.

cola Watson, B. argenteonites Lischke, and also, with doubt, B. alwine

Lischke. The last species should, I believe, be left in Calliostoma.

The others form a natural group of very beautiful shells, character-

istic of the Japanese fauna. These shells are closely allied to

Solariella, but larger and imperforate. They seem very nearly

related to Dall’s subgenus Turcicula, differing only in the very thin

(or lacking) epidermis. ‘The species here figured is perhaps the most

‘beautiful of the three now referred to Bathybembyz.

Cyprea cruenta var. Greegori Ford. PI. II, figs. 4, 5,

Described on p. 112, February, 1893.

134 THE NAUTILUS.

A NEW ANODONTA.

BY CHAS. T. SIMPSON.

Anodonta mearnsiana.

Shell rhomboid, compressed anteriorly, inflated posteriorly, gener-

ally smooth and shining, covered with rather sulcate growth lines,

moderately solid in structure, having a thin epidermis, which is

easily worn off, and varying from yellowish to olive-green in color ;

beaks sculptured with some half dozen undulations, which are acute

posteriorly, and rounded anteriorly. The female shell exhibits a

considerable degree of inflation extending from some distance back

of the beaks to the posterior-ventral region, and with the male shell

occasionally shows a couple of slight sulcations running from the.

umbones along the dorsal slope.

The upper part of the anterior curve is rather more prominent

than the lower; the ventral region is sometimes slightly emarginate

in the center of the females ; and there are occasional slight traces

of biangulation posteriorly in the shells of both sexes. Nacre asoft

silvery color, inclining to alurid brownish in the quite shallow cavity

of the beaks; and near the rather straight hinge line; the brown

patch or scar at the end of the nearly concealed ligament rather

elongated ; cicatrices rather distinct.

Mantle large, thin, not heavily bordered, brownish in the region

of the fringes and anal opening, whitish elsewhere; fringes few,

fleshy, and rather pointed. Branchiz moderate, the inner slightly

larger, and darker than the outer; branchial opening large,.

furnished with a few rather short, fleshy papille. Palpi elongated,

pointed at the posterior, united for three-fourths of their length.

Foot solid, rugose. Anal opening large, not furnished with papillee ;

super-anal opening small, removed to some distance above the anal

opening.

Length from anterior to posterior ends 85, breadth 45 mm.;

diameter 25 mm. San Bernandino Ranch, Mexican Boundary

Line, Arizona.

A large number of shells and a few specimens preserved in alcohol

were sent some time ago to the U.S. National Museum by Messrs.

Mearns and Holzner of the International Boundary Commission.

Externally the shell closely resembles certain forms of Unio com-

planatus, but it is in general a smoother species, and has a more

delicate texture. Much as it differs from the ordinary Anodonta.

THE NAUTILUS. 135

-angulata I believe that species to be its nearest ally ; the two forming

a group peculiar to the Pacific drainage of the United States, and

quite distinct from Anodonta wahlametensis, californiensis, nuttalli,

oregonensis, kennerlyi, and youkonensis, which undoubtedly group with

Anodonta cygnea, and which may have descended from that protean

species, and reached North America by way of a former land pass-

age in the neighborhood of Bering Strait. A dorsal view reveals

a striking resemblance between the present species and Anodonta

angulata ; both have the area of greatest inflation about one-third

the length of the shell from the posterior point, from which they

gradually narrow to near the anterior end, where they become more

rapidly compressed to the point, the beak sculpture is similar; the

general outline of the shells is much alike, and there is quite a strong

resemblance in the texture and the nacre. Anodonta angulata in

the Museum collection (Mus. no. 104,165) from Northern Calfornia,

shows a remarkable fading out of the peculiar keel common to that

species, and another specimen (no. 104,166) from Los Angeles shows

still less of this character, and in a photograph taken by Mr. Hemp-

hill from a specimen in his collection it is wanting altogether, while

the two sulcations on the posterior slope show quite plainly.

At the same time, the species under consideration differs sufficiently

from Anodonta angulata in texture, and the form of the inflation of

the posterior region in the female to separate it at once specifically

from that form.’ ‘This new species will be figured when the large

amount of land and fresh-water material from the western United

States collected by the Biological Survey of the Agricultural

Department is worked out, and the results published.

THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF MICHIGAN.

BY BRYANT WALKER, DETROIT, MICH.”

Aplexa sp. A small species about the size of Lea’s Physa hor-

dacea and apparently related to it, was found in a small lake lying

‘between Torch Lake and Grand Traverse Bay in Antrim County.

1So far as I know no description of the soft parts of Avodonta angu-

Jata has ever been published.

*The following portion of Mr. Walker’s paper should have appeared

in the August NAUTILUS.

136 {HE NAUTILUS.

It is quite different from any other species found in the State, but in

present chaotic condition of the synonymy of this genus it does not

seem advisable to run any risk of duplicating some previous descrip-

tion.

Planorbis lentus Say. Cited by Miles, who probably had a large

form of trivolvis before him.

P. trivolvis Say. Abundant everywhere. LP. corpulentusSay and

regularis Lea usually referred to this species are cited as distinct by

DeCamp. The latter is doubtfully cited by Currier.

Specimens exhibiting the distorted appearance caused by a change ™

of plane in the growth of the whorls as described by Ingersoll in his

P. plexata occur not infrequently in some localities.

P. truncatus Miles. This peculiar and well marked form appears.

to be confined to Michigan. Described originally from specimens

collected from Saginaw Bay, it seems to have escaped further notice

until 1887, when it was discovered in the Elk river, Antrim County.

These specimens are quite typical and not only confirm the validity

of the species, but extend its range across the entire northern part of

the State.

P. bicarinatus Say. Common everywhere.

P. bicarinatus corrugatus Currier. Perch Lake, Kent County. A

well marked form characterized by its costate surface. Specimens.

from Long Lake, Grand Traverse County, exhibit the same tendency

but not to the extent shown by the shells from the original locality.

P. bicarinatus major. Specimens from Crystal Lake, Benzie

County, from their perfection and size are worthy of being separately

noticed. They are larger, pinkish-white in color, with the carine on

both surfaces elevated into a keel which is white. The superior

carina extends to the lip and modifies the shape of the aperture,.

which is a more or less expanded and darker in color within. The

outer lip is somewhat thickened and white.

P. multivolvis Case. The rediscovery of this long lost species by

Dr. M. L. Leach, in Marl Lake, Roscommon County, has been

recorded in the Journal of Conchology, V, p. 330. The hump on

the last whorl opposite the aperture as figured in Land and Fresh-

Water Shells pt. II, fig. 186, is not a characteristic of the normal

shell, as but a small percentage of several hundred specimens.

exhibit any tendency toward it. When it does occur, it bears the

appearance of being an abnormal extension of the last whorl being

THE NAUTILUS. 137

more or less irregular in form, and usually deflected from the plane

of the rest of the whor!s.

P. campanulatus Say. Common everywhere. An _ occasional

specimen has a hump on the last whorl opposite the aperture as

described by Case in P. multivolvis.

P. campanwatus minor Currier. Distinguished only by _ its

smaller size. Perch Lake, Kent County.

P. albus Mull. Commonly distributed over the State.

P. exacutus Say. This species which is found in all parts of the

State, varies considerably in size and color.

P. deflectus Say. While not a common species, it undoubtedly

ranges over the whole State.

P. parvus Say. Common everywhere and varies considerably

under local influences.

P. costatus DeTar and Beecher. A minute costate form said to be

from the neighborhood of Ann Arbor. I know nothing of it.

Segmentina armigera Say. Common everywhere.

S. wheatleyi Lea. (?) Found in great abundance several years in

the suburbs of Detroit. Has not been noticed elsewhere in the State.

This form if not Lea’s Wheatley: is easily separated from the typical

S. armigera by its thickened lip, which decidedly contracts the

aperture.

_ Ancylus fuseus Ad. Although cited in all the catalogues from

that of Miles down, this species does not seem very common. Belle

Isle, in the Detroit river is the only locality where I have found it.

A. rivularis Say. Cited by DeCamp.

A. parallelus Hald. Northern part of the State.

A. diaphanus Hald. River Rouge, Wayne County. Also cited

by DeCamp.

A. tardus Say. The most common species we have, judging from

my own experience.

Valvata tricarinata Say. Commoneverywhere. The forms bicar-

inata Lea, unicarinata DeKay and simplex Gld. are cited as distinct

by DeCamp.

V. sincera Say. Very abundant in favorable localities all over

the state. The form known as striata Lewis, or Lewisi Currier, dis-

tinguished by its coarser striz and larger size, is cited as distinct by

138 THE NAUTILUS.

Currier and DeCamp; the latter, however, now considers it a

strongly marked form of V. sincera. V. humeralis as cited by Miles,

is undoubtedly a form of this species.

Lyogyrus pupoidea Gld. Cited by DeCamp.

Vivipara contectoides W. G. Binney. The only reference to the

occurrence of this species in Michigan, that I know of, is that made

by Binney (Land and Fresh-Water shells II, p. 24). It does not

appear to have been found by any of our local collectors and must

be considered a very doubtful member of our fauna.

Campeloma ponderosa Say. Cited by Sager, Miles and Currier,

but does not appear in any of the later lists and must be considered

a doubtful species in Michigan. “I have never seen it from this

state as I found it in Alabama. It is not a northern species.” W.

H. DeCamp.

C. decisa Say. Common and variable. Sinistral specimens are

cited by DeCamp as var. heterostropha DeKay.

C. decisa flava Currier Mss. Specimens from Long Lake, Grand

Traverse County are so named by Mr. Pilsbry. A very beautiful

form of this common species.

CO. decisa melanostoma Currier Mss. A small form from Grattan,

Michigan, was sent to me under this name by Mr. Streng.

C. integra Say. Common everywhere.

C. rufa Hald. Generally distributed over the State, but not as

common as C. integra and decisa.

C. gibba Currier. I know nothing of this form beyond the

description by Currier and Dr. Jas. Lewis’ critical remarks thereon

in the American Journal of Conchology (III, p. 112 and IV, p. 81.)

C. Milesit Lea. Originally described from Antrim County. The

reference of specimens from the Detroit river to this form has been

approved by Mr. Pilsbry.

C. obesa Lewis. Quite common throughout the State and

frequently of large size.

C. subsolida Anth. Cited by DeCamp. Specimens from the

Boardman river, Grand Traverse County, identified as this specimen

by Prof. R. E. Call are referred to decisa by Tryon and Pilsbry.

Tioplax subcarinata Say. Dr. Leach informs me that a single

specimen from Higgins Lake, Roscommon County, was referred to

this species by Mr. Tryon.

THE NAUTILUS. 139

Bythinia tentaculata L. The recent discovery of this species at

Holland, Michigan, by Dr. DeCamp was noticed in the Nauriius

for October, 1891. I am indebted to him for specimens.

Somatogyrus isogonus Say. Cited by Miles and Currier. Stimp-

son’s anatomical studies of this species for his ‘‘ Researches upon the

Hydrobiinz” were made from Michigan specimens. (Loc. cit., p.

22). DeCamp cited it in his catalogue on Currier’s authority but

writes : “I do not believe that it exists in this State. Have for many

years examined the ground where Currier said he found the spec-

imens sent Stimpson, but have never found anything but young of

Campeloma decisa.”

Amunicola porata Say. Common all over the State. <A. pallida

Hald. and /imosa Say, which are cited in different lists as distinct,

are now I believe generally considered forms of this species.

A. cincinnatiensis Anth. Not as common as the preceding spec-

imens, but ranges over the whole State.

A. decisa Hald. Cited by DeCamp.

A. grana Say. Common in the southern part of the State.

A. lustrica Pils. Common and somewhat variable. The late Dr.

James Lewis, many years ago, characterized specimens from the

Huron river at Ann Arbor as “ largest I have ever seen.”

Bythinella attenuata Hald. Cited by DeCamp, to whom I am

indebted for specimens from Grand Rapids.

B. tenuipes Coup. Cited by DeCamp, who writes me: “TI sent

living specimens to Tryon and he sanctions their identity.”

B. Binneyi Tryon. Cited by DeCamp.

B. Nicklinana Lea. Cited by DeCamp.

B. obtusa Lea. River Rouge, Wayne County. Also cited by

DeCamp from Kent County.

Pomatiopsis lapidaria Say. Common in the southern part of the

State.

P. cincinnatiensis Lea. Cited by Beecher in the list of Ann

Arbor shells. I have received specimens from Petersburg, Monroe

County collected by Mr. Jerome Trombly.

Pleurocera subulare Lea. Southern part of the State. Common.

P. subulare intensum Anth. Collected by Dr. Leach in Mono

Lake, Muskegon. Cited also by DeCamp.

140 THE NAUTILUS.

P. neglectum Auth. Cited by Miles and DeCamp. Mr. Streng-

has kindly sent me specimens from Grand River, Kent County.

P. elevatum Say. Grand River, Michigan, received from Mr.

Streng.

P. labiatum Lea. Cited by DeCamp.

B. pallidum Lea. Cited by DeCamp.

Goniobasis livescens Mke. Very common and considerably sub-

ject to local variation.

G. livescens cuspidatus Anth. This form occurs abundantly in the

Maple River, Clinton County, where it was collected by- Dr. Leach,

Cited by DeCamp from Kent County, and collected by Streng at

Berlin, Ottawa County.

Goniobasis Milesii Lea. Huron River, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

This form originally described from Tuscola County specimens, is

probably a local variety of the preceding species.

G. translucens Anth. Grand River, Kent County, collected by

DeCamp. It is doubtful whether this species is more than a banded

variety of G. livescens Mke.

G. brevispira Anth. Collected at Mono Lake, Muskegon by Dr.

DeCamp and identified by Pilsbry.

G. pulchella Anth. Cited by Miles and DeCamp.

G. gracilior Anth. Cited by DeCamp from Round Lake, Peto-

sky, Michigan.

G. Niagarensis Lea. Cited by Miles.

G. Virginica Gml. Cited by Sager and Miles. Clearly an error

as the species does not occur west of the Alleghanies. As P. sub-

ulare is not given in either of these lists, it seems probable that.

that is the species referred to.

Unio alatus Say. Southern part of the State. Muskegon is the

most northern locality known to me. Specimens from the Detroit.

river are but half the size of those from the Rouge river, one of its.

tributaries in Wayne County. The same dwarfing effect of the.

colder water of the Detroit river is noticeable in nearly all of the

species found there.

ADDENDA.

On page 66, line 14, for S. partumeium Prime, substitute S. Jayan-

um Prime, and add the following:

EE GR Gas VAC, eta EAN SERA IE Ee,

THE NAUTILUS. 14}

S. partumeium Say. Very abundant everywhere and quite

variable.

GEORGE W. LICHTENTHALER.

BY MORTON J. ELROD, ILLINOIS WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY.

The familiar face of George W. Lichtenthaler, one of the best

known of American conchologists, and one of the most earnest and

energetic collectors of natural history specimens, will be seen no

more. He passed away at San Francisco on Tuesday, February

20th., death being caused by fatty degeneration of the heart. He

was 60 years of age.

Mr. Lichtenthaler was born in Pennsylvania, and came to Bloom-

ington, Il., at the age of twenty-two. For five years he was a drug

clerk, then bought out the stock, conducted business for himself for

seventeen years, after which he retired with asnug fortune. During

this time he imbibed a taste for natural history, and after his retire-

ment devoted his entire time and the proceeds of his large estate to

the gathering and collecting of shells, ferns, and alge. Mrs. Lich-

tenthaler died nine years ago, leaving no children. After her death

Mr. Lichtenthaler turned his mind more than ever to his chosen

work. His wife’s death was a great blow to him, and he was no

doubt greatly moved to collecting to forget hissorrow. His affection

for her is shown in his desire that the vast collection should be given

a name that would incorporate the name of “ Rebecca 8. Lichten-

thaler.”

Mr. Lichtenthaler was an amateur collector, never having sold

specimens, or labored for hire. It was a labor of love. If he could

not exchange he would give of his duplicates to those who would

make use of them. Many people of this community treasure collec-

tions from distant climes given by him, and many a lad with a love

for nature has had this love fanned into a flame through his encour-

agement, and has gone from the presence of this great-hearted man

not only with a greater love for nature’s works, but with a

liberal gift of shells or other specimens carefully preserved. Many

a case has he recounted to me, sitting by my fireside, of boys he has

helped to knowledge and position, by pointing the way and lending

substantial aid.

142 THE NAUTILUS.

Had he desired, he might have been famous as a traveler, by put-

ting his observations in print. But he disliked and shunned public-

ity, and we know of nothing he has written. He was one of those

workers who cared little for making new genera or species, and who

collected not wholly for himself, but also for his fellow workers, and

for public museums. In his travels he has been in nearly every

country in the world, has been several times along the entire west

American coast, was at home in the Sandwich Islands, has traversed

the coast of Europe from North Cape to Gibraltar, and has been up

and down both coasts of Africa, as well as around the Indian Ocean.

In these travels many of the rarest species known to science were

brought together, and are left among his great collection.

He was one of the early members of the “ American Association

of Conchologists,” being enrolled as a member, May 15th, 1890. His

special study was shells of the Pacific Coast. He was an active and

enthusiastic member, and did much toward its promotion. His gift

of Pacific Coast shells to the collection of the Association was a large

and valuable addition.

Few men have as wide a personal acquaintance with men of

science as he had. Devoting all his energy and time to travel and

collecting, and having been all over the American continent, he met

them everywhere. His retiring disposition led him to make little

mention of his achievements and his great work was not known to

many of the people of his home. But to a few of his friends and

acquaintance who could appreciate his work he unburdened his

heart, and would recount his travels and experiences, and give

descriptions of museums and countries for hours at a time. He was

an interesting conversationalist, and would relate his experiences

in a manner that always commanded attention.

His main work was in conchology. His collection embraces many

highly polished specimens, and he spared no expense to have always

the finest and best that was to be had. While on atrip to Francea

few years ago he heard of an English firm who cut gastropods lon-

gitudinally to show their spiral arrangement, and he has case after

case of shells of this exquisite workmanship. AI] his specimens are

authoritatively correct, having been labelled by the highest author-

ities, and we are glad to announce to the conchologists of the middle

and western United States that he has left the collection where it

will be accessible to the public for comparisons.

THE NAUTILUS. 143.

His collection embraces shells, crustaceans, echinoderms, corallines,

corals, fossil shells and plants, minerals, ferns, and marine alge.

There are six to eight thousand species of shells, and at a low estim-

ate twenty-five thousand specimens, from all parts of the world.

There are eight hundred species of marine alge, and four hundred

species of ferns. The latter include a nearly complete collection of

the ferns of North America, a complete collection from the Hawaiian

Islands ; also many from India, China, Japan, Australia, New Zea-

land, South America, Europe, etc. He stated that he had two

species not in any other collection.

This vast and valuable collection he leaves without reserve to the

Illinois Wesleyan University, in Bloomington, where his life has

been spent, where his bride was wedded and laid to rest; and here

his many friends will be permitted to again look through it, but

without his guiding hand and eloquent description. This gives the

Illinois Wesleyan University his life work, and endows it with one

of the finest conchological collections in the West. It will be

known as the ‘‘ George W. and Rebecca S. Lichtenthaler Collection,”

and will enshrine their names not only in the hearts of their friends,

but also in the hearts of many students who will receive inspiration

from his work, as many have done from his life.

NOTES AND NOTICES.

Correcrion.—In the February No. the date of Mr. Martindale’s

death was by error given as Jan. 10, instead of Tuesday Jan. 3d.—

a. NV.

Pror. B. Sarmex, of the State University of Iowa, is collecting

invertebrates and cryptogamous plants in the interests of that institu-

tion in Nicaragua.

Conrap’s Mepiau Tertrary.—The Wagner Free Institute of

Science of Philadelphia, Pa. proposes to reprint the book on The

Medial Tertiary Fossils of the United States by T. A. Conrad, if

150 subscriptions can be obtained at $3.50. For circular apply to

the Institute.

UNIO CORUSCUS, SUBLURIDUS, ete.—In looking over Mr. Berlin

H. Wright’s “Notes on Unio coruscus Gould,’ in the March

Navriuus I see that he acknowledges that his U. fryanus can be con-

144 THE NAUTILUS.

nected by intermediate forms with U. coruscus; and he states that

he can as perfectly connect my U. subluridus with any one of a half

dozen Florida species. Not long ago Mr. Wright sent me for

inspection the shells he identified as subluridus, and I saw at once

that he had made a total mistake as to the species ; as these specimens

were undoubted U. buckleyi, quite inflated, somewhat keeled, and

rather smooth, shining shells, and no more like my species than is

U. obesus. Individuals of Unio buckleyi, coruscus, lugubris, hazel-

hurstianus, and other species of the buckleyi group vary from being

absolutely smooth and rayed, a young or adult stage generally to

‘dull colored, and even rough externally, a condition quite common

in old specimens.— Chas. T. Simpson.

CoLLECTION OF SHELLS FOR SALE.— We learn that the collection

of Rev. A. Dean, numbering about 3500 species, is offered for sale,

as Mr. Dean is about to remove from his home at Muncy, Pa. The

American land shells are richly represented by a nearly complete

series, including almost all of the rarer species. The west African

and Sandwich Island forms are also well represented, as well as an

unusually large proportion of interesting foreign marine shells.

We are in receipt of “ The Microscopical Bulletin” published by

Queen & Co., which contains a Bargain list or Clearance sale of

microscopes, objectives, ete. Any one desiring these should send for

the February Bulletin to Queen & Co., Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

Mr. B. B. Woopwarp has lately published (Ann. Mag. Nat.

Hist. Feb., 1893) a classification of the Pelecypoda, in which the

families of bivalves as given by Fischer are rearranged in accordance

with Pelseneer’s scheme founded on the morphology of the gills,

The table of families is very useful as it gives the gist of Pelseneer’s

ideas at a glance. In his review of the various recent classifica-

tions Mr. Woodward does not mention that of Dau, being

apparently ignorant of it. It is much to be regretted that those

who set forth new classifications should not first acquaint -them-

selves with the work of their predecessors.

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