L I B R.ARY

OF THE

UN IVLR.SITY

Of ILLINOIS

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893

PUBLICATION 313

BOTANICAL SERIES VOL. VIII, No. 6

REVISION OF THE GENUS COSMOS

BY

EARL EDWARD SHERFF

B. E. DAHLGREN

ACTING CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

EDITOR

CHICAGO, U. S. A.

SEPTEMBER 2, 1932

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

BY FIELD MUSEUM

EARL E. SHERFF

In the course of monographic researches during the past twenty

years upon the genus Bidens, I have had occasion to examine many

specimens of Cosmos, also much of the literature pertaining to that

genus. Many of the larger libraries and herbaria in this country,

also in Europe, were visited. The authorities in charge at these

institutions proved invariably courteous and generous in placing at

my disposal their numerous botanical resources. More recently a

number of them have lent types or otherwise valuable materials for

extended studies and comparisons. Largely as a result of this

cooperation, the present revision was made possible. It is a pleasure

to acknowledge here my indebtedness to these friends of science.

During the progress of the work a large set of photographs of the

more important specimens was built up, and a duplicate of this set

will be found in the Herbarium of Field Museum of Natural History.

For brevity, numerous exsiccatae studied are omitted, and those

retained are cited with the following designations as to the herbaria

of the institutions: Botanical Garden of Berlin (Berl.); University of

California (Calif.) ; Carnegie Museum (Cam.) ; University of Chicago

(Chi.); Delessert Herbarium (Del.); Field Museum of Natural

History (Field); Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (Gray);

Royal Botanical Gardens of Kew (Kew) ; Missouri Botanical Garden

(Mo.); Natural History (Royal) Museum of Vienna (Mus. V.);

New York Botanical Garden (N. Y.); Museum of Natural History

of Paris (Par.); University of Pennsylvania (Penn.); Botanical

Garden of Leningrad (Petrop); Academy of Natural Sciences of

Philadelphia (Phila.); United States National Museum (U. S.);

University of Vienna (U. V.).

Cosmos Cav. Icon, et Descript. 1: 9. 1791. — Herbae annuae

perennesve, interdum elatae, glabrae vel pilosulae vel etiam his-

pidae; plantarum perennium radicibus saepe tuberiformibus fasci-

culatisque. Folia ppposita, indivisa vel lobata vel semel bis terve

pinnatisecta. Capitula normaliter radiata et heterpgama; floribus

radii 1-seriatis, neutris; disci hermaphrpditis, fertilibus. Involu-

crum subhemisphaericum, bracteis 2-seriatis, basi connatis, mem-

branaceis, striatis, parum inaequalibus (vel exterioribus plerumque

herbaceis et interdum angustis minoribus). Receptaculum planum,

401

402 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VIII

paleis planis vel concaviusculis (raro acumine filiformi terminatis)

flores hermaphrodites subtendentibus onustum. Capitula majuscula

vel mediocria, longe pedunculata, solitaria vel laxe corymboso-

paniculata. Corollae radii ligulatae, lamina patente Integra vel

subdentata saepius rosea vel violacea vel purpurea rarius flava etc. ;

disci regulares, tubulosae, limbo cylindraceo apice breviter 5-fido.

Antherae basi integrae vel vix minutissime 2-dentatae. Styli (florum

hermaphroditorum) rami tenues, superne incrassati, hirti, appendici-

bus brevibus acutisque superati. Achaenia linearia, saepius fusi-

formia, plus minusve 4-gona vel rarius obcompressa vel etiam alata,

superne saepius in rostrum attenuata, basim versus attenuata, basi

ipsa plus minusve expansa, apice saepissime aristis 2-8 persistentibus

plerumque retrorsum raro antrorsum barbellatis aculeatisve munita.1

CLAVIS SPECIERUM

Annuae.

Achaenia aristis antrorsum hispida.

Flores ligulati flavi; achaeniis alatis 10. C. Blakei.

Flores ligulati violacei; achaeniis exalatis 9. C. exiguus.

Achaenia aristis retrorsum hamosa.

Flores ligulati albi vel rosacei nee flavi.

Ligulae perspicuae 1.5-3 cm. longae 7. C. bipinnatus.

Ligulae multo minores et non perspicuae.

Planta elata plerumque 0.6-2 m. alta, achaeniis (rostro

adjecto) 1.2-3.5 cm. longis 6. C. caudatus.

Planta minor, gracilis, achaeniis (rostro adjecto) 9-16

mm. longis 8. C. parviflorus.

Flores ligulati sulphurei vel rubro-flavi, interdum basaliter

rubro-maculati.

Involucri bracteae exteriores valde perspicueque albo-tomen-

tosae.

Folia (petiolo adjecto) 1-3.5 cm. longa, petiolis 0.5-1.5 cm.

longis, capitulis pansis ad anthesin 1.5-2.5 cm. latis.

4. C. microcephalus.

Folia 4-10 cm. longa, petiolis usque ad 5 cm. longis, capitulis

pansis ad anthesin 3-4 cm. latis 3. C. ocellatiis.

Involucri bracteae omnes glabrae vel subglabrae.

Ligulae saturate rubro-flavae vel aurantiacae.

5. C. sidphuretLS.

'Descriptio pro parte ex Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant. 2: 387. 1873.

THE GENUS COSMOS 403

Ligulae sulphureae.

Achaenia rostrata, circ. 1.1-1.3 mm. crassa; foliis princi-

palibus 4-6 cm. longis 1. C. gracilis.

Achaenia erostrata, 1.5-2.2 mm. crassa; foliis principali-

bus 6-17 cm. longis 2. C. calwis.

Perennes.

Ligulae flavae.

Involucri bracteae exteriores 6-8, lineares vel parce lineari-

lanceolatae, 3-5 mm. longae; ligulis obovatis. 11. C. Landii.

Involucri bracteae exteriores 12-16, linearissimae, 6-7 mm.

longae; ligulis anguste ellipticis 12. C. Langlassei.

Ligulae saturate atropurpureae vel atrosanguineae.

Flores disci omnino flavi 18. C. montanus.

Flores disci dentibus purpurei alibi valde flavi.

20. C. scdbiosoides.

Flores disci omnino plerumque atropurpurei.

Plantae elatae, 0.9-2.5 m. altae; foliis bipinnatifidis supra

obscure puberulis, subtus nervisque hirto-pilosiusculis,

minutissime glanduloso-rugosis 21. C. purpureus.

Plantae circ. 4-6 dm. altae; foliis pinnatis vel vix bipinnati-

sectis, non glanduloso-rugosis.

Folia (petiolo adjecto) 3-5 cm. longa, segmentis primariis

linearibus 19. C. concolor.

Folia 7-15 cm. longa, segmentis primariis rhomboideo-ovatis.

26. C. atrosanguineus.

Ligulae rosaceae vel violaceae vel lilacinae raro subalbidae.

Folia rigida, principalia plerumque pinnatim 3-7-partita, seg-

mentis crassiusculis anguste linearibus, 1-2 (rariter -2.5)

mm. latis 13. C. crithmifolius.

Folia membranacea nee rigida.

Folia simplicia, lamina (numquam late) linearia.

14. C. linearifolius.

Folia composita, segmentis angustissime linearibus (tantum

circ. 0.2-0.5 mm. latis) 15. C. carvifolius.

Folia plerumque composita, segmentis latioribus.

Petioli usque ad 8 mm. longi 17. C. Pcdmeri.

404 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Petioli manifeste longiores.

Plantae austro-americanae 23. C. peucedanifolius.

Plantae central!- vel boreali-americanae.

Capitula pansa ad anthesin 4-8 cm. lata.

Petioli plerumque 0.5-2 (raro -2.3) cm. longi.

Achaenia 2-aristata 16. C. Pringlei.

Achaenia saepissime 4-aristata ... 22. C. Nelsonii.

Petioli 2-9 cm. longi 24. C. diver sifolius.

Capitula pansa ad anthesin circ. 3 cm. lata.

25. C. Schaffneri.

Sect. I. Eucosmos.1 — Herbae annuae. Flores ligulati sul-

phurei, aurantiaci, rosei, albi, etc. Achaenia plerumque plus minusve

tetragona, nunc rostrata nunc erostrata, nunc aristata aristis retror-

sum hamosis nunc calva, exalata. (Numeri 1-8.)

1. Cosmos gracilis Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 88: 304. 1929.

Herba annua, erecta, glabra, gracilis, infra simplex supra ramosa,

4-6 dm. alta, caule subtetragono, internodiis quam foliis multo

brevioribus. Folia tenuiter petiolata petiolis parce marginatis usque

ad 1.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 4-6 cm. longa, bipinnatisecta,

segmentis membranaceis saepius oblongo-linearibus, margine sub-

cUiatis, apice acutis, plerumque 1-3 mm. latis. Capitula tenuiter

pedunculata pedunculis usque ad 16 cm. longis, non numerosa

(unicae plantae circ. 5-12), pansa ad anthesin circ. 1.8 cm. lata et

circ. 1 cm. alta. Involucri glabri bracteae exteriores 5-7, anguste

cuneato-lanceolatae, obsolete neryatae, saepe patentes, tantum

1.5-2.2 (raro -4) mm. longae; interiores oblongo-lanceolatae demum

circ. 7-8 mm. longae. Flores ligulati circ. 5 vel 6, flavidi (non

rubido-flavidi), ligula oboyati, apice truncato-lobulati, tantum circ.

6-8 mm. longi. Paleae lineari-lanceolatae. Achaenia circ. 6-10,

fusiformia, rotundato-tetragona, unaquaque facierum 1-sulcata, infra

nigra glabrataque supra rostrato^angustata ac straminea erecto-

hispidulaque, apice spinulis patentibus minutissimisque coronata vel

demum calva, 1.1-1.7 cm. longa et circ. 1.1-1.3 mm. crassa.

Type specimen: Collected by H. Pittier, No. 5053, at altitude of

100-350 meters, vicinity of Ola, Province of Code", Panama, Decem-

ber 7-9, 1911 (U. S.).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in Panama.

Specimens examined: H. Pittier 5053 (type, U. S.; cotype, Gray).

Differs from Cosmos sulphureus Cav. in having smaller size,

more delicate habit, the stem glabrous with the internodes shorter

1 Sectio nov. Includes C. bipinnaius Cav., the type species of the genus.

THE GENUS COSMOS 405

than the leaves (these smaller and less compound), the flowering and

fruiting heads much smaller, the exterior involucral bracts pro-

portionately smaller, the rays golden yellow, not orange, etc.

2. Cosmos calvus (Schz. Bip. ex Miq.), comb, nov.; Adenolepis

(Bidens) calva Schz. Bip. Flora 30: 375. 1847 (nomen subnudum);

A. calva Schz. Bip. in Zollinger, Syst. Verzeichn. Ind. Archipel.

Pflanz. 1: 123. 1854 (nom. subnudum); etiam in Miquel, Fl. Ind. 2:

79. 1856 (cum descript.) ; Cosmos sulphureus var. leiorhynchus Griseb.

Fl. Brit. W. Ind. Isls. 374. 1861; cf. Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 80: 376. 1925;

vide C. B. Clarke, Comp. Ind. 141. 1876; Bidens artemisiaefolia var.

calva (Schz. Bip. ex Miq.) 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 321. 1891.

Herba erecta, annua, gracilis, glabra, ramosa, ±6 dm. (verisimili-

ter usque ad 1m.) alta. Folia bipinnatisecta vel etiam tripinnata,

principalia petiolo adjecto 6-17 cm. longa, petiolis 1.5-3 cm. longis,

segmentis linearibus, apice acutis, margine integris sed minutissime

spinuloso-ciliatis, non crassis, 1-4 mm. Tatis. Capitula ramos termi-

nantia, tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis 8-18 cm. longis, pansa ad

anthesin circ. 3-3.5 cm. lata et 8-^-12 mm. alta. Involucri bracteae

glabrae, exteriores circ. 8, lineari-subulatae, ad basim 1-1.5 mm.

latae, e basi usque ad apicem acutum induratumque sensim angus-

tatae, 5-^8 mm. longae; interiores lanceolato-oblongae, paulo longiores.

Flores ligulati (6-) 8, sulphurei ac numquam rubido-flavidi, ligula

obovato-oblanceolati, apice subdenticulati, 10-14 mm. longi. Achae-

nia atro-plumbea, lineari-fusiformia, obcompressa vel rotundo-tetra-

gona, omnino manifeste 4-sulcata, glabra, supra ad apicem truncation

angustata (non vere rostrata), exaristata, 10-14 vel tantum 8 mm.

longa et 1.5-2.2 mm. lata.

Type specimen: Collected by Henri Zollinger, No. 2945, l at

altitude of 1,500-1,900 feet, in garden near Maesan, Province of

Bondowosso, Java, June (Par.).

Distribution: Venezuela and Island of Trinidad; also British

East India, Siam, Java, and Philippine Islands.

Specimens examined: Ahern's Collector (Forestry Bureau No.

3383), Province of Rizal, Luzon, Philippine Isls., November, 1905

(Mo.) ; L. H. Bailey & E. Z. Bailey 509, alt. 3,000-3,500 feet, Los

Chorros, yenezuela, December 27, 1920 (Field); M. S. Clemens 801,

Camp Keithley, Lake Lanao, Mindanao, Philippine Isls., November,

1906 (Field); A. D. E. Elmer 7039, Palo, Province of Leyte, Leyte,

Philippine Isls., January, 1906 (N. Y.; Petrop.); A. Fendler 1966,

vicinity of the Colony of Tovar, Venezuela, 1856-57 (Gray; Mo. ; Par. ;

Phila.); edit. R. F. Hohenacker 344, near City of Mangalor, British

East India, 1847 (Del., 2 sheets; Par.; U. V.; nomen vulgare Bugudi);

J. Linden 1510, alt. 3,000 feet, savannas of Valencia, Province of

Carabobo, Venezuela, December, 1843 (Del.); idem (similiter) 1510,

1 In his catalogue (p. 123), Zollinger gave the number 259^, but the her-

barium sheets examined give it as 291*5.

406 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VIII

alt. 4,500 feet, Buena Vista, Province of Carabobo, December, 1843

(Par.); R. C. McGregor, Solsona, Ilocos Norte, Luzon, Philippine

Isls., December, 1923 (Calif. );E. D. Merrill 3367, Pasacao, Province

of Camarines, Luzon, November, 1903 (N. Y.) ; Moritz 68, Caracas,

Venezuela (Par.); H. Pittier 120^2, scattered in savannas, between

Guanareand Portuguesa, Venezuela, December 28, 1925 (Mo.;N.Y.;

U. S.) ; M . Ramos & G. Edano, Maluko and vicinity, Bukidnon Sub-

province, Mindanao, Philippine Isls., July, 1920 (Calif.; Gray);

idem, Anuling, Province of Zambales, Luzon, Philippine Isls., Novem-

ber-December, 1924 (Calif.); J. R. Rock 1622, alt. 750-900 meters,

between Pang Kia and Meh Kha Chan, basin of the Meh Lao,

Chiengmai Province, Siam, January 2, 1922 (U. S.); H. Zollinger

29^5 (type and cotype, Par.).

Schultz Bipontinus, in his open letter to Hohenacker (Flora, loc.

cit.), mentioned first the Hohenacker plant and second the Zollinger

plant. He gave no description, however. In 1856, Miquel (loc. cit.)

published a description. Miquel, however, followed his description

with a reference first of all to Zollinger Cat., p. 123, and secondly to

"Flora bot. Zeit. 1847, p. 375," thus establishing the Zollinger plant

as the effectively published type. Until recently (cf. Bot. Gaz. 80:

376. 1925), I myself was constrained to accept Grisebach's varietal

status for this plant under C. sulphureus. During the past year,

however, I have had opportunity to examine much additional her-

barium material of both forms, also to cultivate many specimens of

C. sulphureus itself. The differences between the two are found to

be greater than between the two members of several other pairs of

species in Cosmos; e.g., C. crithmifolius and C. Landii, C. diversifolius

and C. atrosanguineus, C. diversifolius and C. peucedanifolius, and (7.

sulphureus and C. caudatus.1

3. Cosmos ocellatus Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 265. 1905.

Folia saepius 2-3-pinnata, achaeniis biaristatis.

C. oceUatus sensu stricto.

Folia plerumque tripartita, achaeniis etiam juvenibus apice

exaristatis var. Greenmanii.

Herba annua, erecta vel adscendens, simplex vel ramosa, hinc

inde pilis articulatis instructa, 3-5 dm. alta. Folia tenuissime

petiolata petiolis usque ad 5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 4-10 cm.

longa et 1.5-5 cm. lata, saepius 2-3-pinnata, segmentis ultimis

saepius oblonge lanceolato-linearibus, membranaceis, infra pallidi-

oribus, apice acutis, marginibus ciliatis, faciebus pilis multiloculatis

adpressis hispidis. Capitula pauca (plerumque 1-7), longe peduncu-

late pedunculis tenuibus 1-2.5 dm. longis, pansa ad anthesin 3-4 cm.

1 1 am indebted to Dr. H. LeComte of the Mus6um d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris,

for the loan of several specimens by Zollinger, Hohenacker, etc., for reexamination.

THE GENUS COSMOS 407

lata et 1-1.4 cm. alta. Involucri bracteae exteriores 7-9, pilis longis

candidis articulatis valde perspicueque albo-tomentosae, adpressae,

lineares, apice induratae, 5-8 (-11) mm. longae, interiores late

oblongo-lanceolatae, brunneae, apice minute pubescentes alibi nunc

glabratae nunc (praecipue ad medium) moderate pilosae, 7-10 (-12)

mm. longae. Flores ligulati 5 vel 6 (circ. 8 ex Greenmanio), ligula

obovato-oblongi, apice late emarginati, maximam partem aurei sed

plerumque macula plus minusve atrosanguinea infra medium ornati,

1.2-1.7 cm. longi. Achaenia lineari-attenuata, tetragona, unaquaque

facierum 1- vel 2-sulcata, infra apicem longirpstrata rostro sursum

hispido et supra stramineo, corpore atro ac inferne glabro (rostro

adjecto) 1.6-2.2 cm. longa et circ. 0.4-0.6 mm. crassa, paleas aurantia-

cas apicem versus macula magna nigra maculatas demum multo

superantia, apice biaristata aristis tenuibus, 1-1.6 mm. longis,

retrorsum hamosis hamis elongatis albis rectis gracillimis.

Type specimen: Collected by C. G. Pringle, No. 8886 pro parte,

at altitude of 7,500 feet, in thin soil on the knobs of the Sierra de

Tepoxtlan, State of Guerrero, Mexico, October 14, 1900 (Gray).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in State of Guerrero,

Mexico.

Specimens examined: C. G. Pringle 8386 pro parte (type, Gray;

cotypes, Field; Mo., etc.).

Cosmos microcephalus (q.v.) may prove to be a depauperate

form of this species.

Cosmos ocellatus var. Greenmanii Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 88: 305.

1929.

A specie foliis plerumque tripartitis foliolis ovato-lanceolatis

serratisque, achaeniis etiam juvenibus apice exaristatis differt.

Type specimen: Collected by C. G. Pringle, No. 8386 pro parte,

with the type of the species (Field).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in State of Guerrero,

Mexico.

Specimens examined: C. G. Pringle 8386 pro parte (type, Field;

cotypes, Mo., etc.).

4. Cosmos microcephalus Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 76: 89. 1923.

Herba annua, erecta, gracillima, plus minusve hispido-pubescens,

caule simplici 2-3 dm. alto. Folia petiolata petiolis 5-15 mm. longis,

petiolo adjecto 1-3.5 cm. longa, bipinnata, segmentis linearibus vel

lineari-lanceolatis, plerumque acutis. Capitula solitaria, longe tenui-

terque pedunculata pedunculis 8-17 cm. longis, (pro genere) parva,

pansa ad anthesin 1.5-2.5 cm. lata et 8-12 mm. alta. Involucri

bracteae exteriores 6-8, lineares, obtuse calloso-apiculatae, glandu-

loso-hispidae, 4-6 mm. longae, interiores late lanceolatae, manifesto

longiores. Flores ligulati circ. 5, flavi, late oboyati, apice truncati

vel emarginati, 8-12 mm. longi. Achaenia tenuissime linearia, atra

408 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VIII

vel apicem versus brunneo-straminea, superne in cervicem sub-

capilliformem sensim angustata, erecto-hispida, corpore (cervice

adjecta) 1.6-2.2 cm. longa et infeme circ. 0.6 mm. lata, apice mine

biaristata aristis tenuibus retrorsum hamosis usque ad 2.3 mm.

longis, nunc etiam calva.

Type specimen: Collected by C. J. W. Schiede, No. 1561, in cold

regions, Mexico (Berl., 2 sheets).1

Distribution: Known only from type locality in Mexico.1

Specimens examined: Schiede 1561 (2 type sheets, bearing about

50 specimens, Berl.).

Closest to C. ocellatus Greenm., with which it should be com-

pared.

5. Cosmos sulphureus Cav. Icon, et Descript. 1: 56. pi. 79.

1791; cf. Safford, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sc. 8: 613. 1918; Coreopsis

artemisiaefolia Jacq. Icon. PI. Rar. 3: pi. 595. 1786-93; Cosmea

sulphured Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 2250. 18Q4; Bidens sulphur ea Schz. Bip.

in Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald 308. 1852-57; Cosmos aurantiacus

Klatt, Leopoldina 25: 105. 1889.

Achaenia non nisi demum exaristata C. sulphureus sensu stricto.

Achaenia etiam juvenia exaristata var. exaristatus.

Herba annua, erecta, 6-21 dm. alta, caule plus minusve tetragono

ac ramis pilis multiloculatis patentibus hinc inde hispidis. Folia

petiolata petiolis scabrido-hispidis saepius 1-7 cm. longis, petiolo

adjecto usque ad 1.5 (vel in cultu etiam ad 3.5) dm. longa, bi- vel

tripinnatisecta, segmentis membranaceis linearibus vel lanceolatis,

aegre obscureque spinuloso-ciliatis, acerrime apiculatis, glabris vel

sparsim hispidis. Capitula pedunculos tenues 1-2 dm. longos termi-

nantia, pansa ad anthesin 3.5-5.5 cm. lata et 1.2-1.8 cm. alta.

Involucri bracteae exteriores plerumque 8, lineari-subulatae ac e

basi usque ad apicem acrem sensim angustatae, tergo glabrae et

3-5-nervatae, margine saepius ciliatae, 5-7 (-10) mm. longae; in-

teriores oblongo-lanceolatae 9-11 (-13) mm. longae. Flores ligulati

circ. 8, saturate aurantiaci vel flavido^rubri, ligula obovati, apice

saepe 1-5-denticulati, 1.8^2.8 cm. longi et 1-1.7 cm. lati. Paleae

oblongo-lineares. Achaenia corpore ipso lineari-fusiformia, obcom-

pressa vel saepissime rotundp-tetragona, omnino 4-sulcata, atra,

minutissime subadpresso-hispida vel raro glabrata, 0.8^1.2 mm.

lata, supra in rostrum elongatum hispidum capilliforme biaristatum

vel raro triaristatum ac setuloso-corpnatum angustata, omnino

(aristis exclusis) 1.6-2.8 cm. longa, aristis tenuissimis late patentibus

hinc inde aegre retrorsum hamosis 4.5-7 mm. longis.

'No other data were left by Schiede, but the plants were collected between

1828 and 1836 (the dates respectively of his arrival in Mexico and of his death),

and the locality lay without doubt within the triangular area reaching from

Papantla and Orizaba at the east to Angangueo at the west (cf . Hemsley, Biol.

Centr. Amer. Bot. 4: 123. 1886).

THE GENUS COSMOS 409

Type specimen: Raised from Mexican seed in the Royal Garden

at Madrid, Spain, and flowering in the month of November (repre-

sented by Cavanilles' type plate).

Distribution: Mexico, almost throughout; Guatemala, Salvador,

Panama, Colombia, British Guiana, and Brazil (State of Minas

Geraes); often cultivated and more or less established in Florida,

Bermuda, Cuba, Porto Rico, Montserrat, St. Vincent, Marianne

Isls., Philippine Isls., etc.

Specimens examined: Fr. Abbon 228, alt. 700 meters, State of

Nuevo Leon, Mexico, August, 1911 (U. S.); Virlet dAoust 366,

State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico, 1851 (Par.); Brother Arsene 6050,

alt. 1,600 meters, La Escalera, vicinity of Morelia, State of Michoa-

can, Mexico, November 6, 1911 (Gray; Mo.; N. Y.; U. S.); G.

Bernoulli 225, in fields, Tocotenango near city of Guatemala, Guate-

mala, December, 1862 (Del.; N. Y.; type collection of Cosmos ouran-

tiacus Klatt) ; M. Botteri, Mexico, 1856 (Del.) ; idem 919, Mt. Orizaba,

Mexico (Gray) ; T. S. Brandegee, Cerro Colorado, Cofradia, vicinity

of Culiacan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico, October 26, 1904 (Calif.;

U. S.); N. L. & E. G. Britton 7972, garden, Porto Rico, February 7,

1924 (U. S.); S. Brown, N.L. Britton, & P.Bisset 2179, cult., Bermuda,

May 22-June 6, 1914 (N. Y.) ; S. Calderon 93, San Salvador, Salvador,

January, 1922 (Field; Gray; Mo.; N. Y.; U. S.); Mr. Caley, St.

Vincent, 1817 (Del., 2 sheets) ; C. Conzatti 2289, alt. 1,800 meters,

Cerro San Felipe, Distrito del Centro, State of Oaxaca, Mexico,

September 20, 1908 (Field; Gray); idem et V. Gonzalez 54, alt. 1,750

meters, State of Oaxaca, July-August, 1900 (Gray; U. S.); J. S.

De La Cruz 1066, growing 5 feet high, Moruka River, Comaca,

Pomeroon District, British Guiana, August 26, 1921 (N. Y.; U. S.);

comm. Alfredo Duges 4%4A, cult., also spontaneous, vicinity of

Guanajuato, State of Guanajuato, Mexico, 1895 (Gray; nom. vulg.

mirasol amarillo); H. Galeotti 2055, savannas, Cordillera, State of

Oaxaca, Mexico, January-April, 1840 (Del.); A. Gehrt 3283, State

of Minas Geraes, Brazil (Gray); Ghiesbreght 289, State of Colima,

Mexico, October (Gray); E. A. Goldman 260, Valley of Rio del

Fuerte, State of Sinaloa, Mexico, October 15, 1898 (Gray; U. S.);

Brother Heriberto 363, vicinity of Cartagena, Colombia, 1920 (U. S.);

E. W. D. Holway 3457, Chapala, State of Jalisco, Mexico, September

19, 1899 (Gray); W. F. Kanuinsky, Mexico (Del.); E. P. Killip

SI 16, Balboa Heights, Canal Zone, Panama, October 2, 1917 (N. Y.);

F. H. Lamb 346, Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico, December 29,

1894 (Gray); Mr. & Mrs. J. G. Lemmon 91, vicinity of Cuernavaca,

State of Morelos, Mexico, 1905 (Calif.; Gray); Liebmann 618, Mexico,

November, 1841 (Del. ; Par. ; U. S.) ; idem 619, Mexico (Par., 2 sheets;

U. S.); A. Luna 83, hills of Banao, Province of Santa Clara, Cuba,

January, 1920 (N. Y.); Ynes Mexia 779, alt. 1,100 meters, common

in thickets and open places, Rinc6n de Mateo, near Yxtldn, State

of Nayarit, Mexico, September 25, 1926 (Mo.; U. S.; nom. vulg.

mirasol); F. Mutter 1017, Mt. Orizaba, Mexico, November, 1853

(N. Y.; Par.); E. W. Nelson 1498, alt. 5,200-6,800 feet, Valley of

410 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Oaxaca, State of Oaxaca, Mexico, October 2, 1894 (U. S., 2 sheets) ;

C. R. Orcutt 4691 , Xochimulco, Federal District, Mexico, October 4,

1910 (Field) ; J. G. Ortega 80, alt. 100 meters, La Gloria, State of

Nayarit, Mexico, 1923 (U. S.; nom. yulg. mirasol); idem 585, alt.

480 meters, San Ignacio, State of Sinaloa, Mexico (Field); idem

4450, alt. 300-600 meters, La Bajada, Tamazula, State of Durango,

Mexico, November, 1921 (Gray; U. S.); idem 4815, State of Sinaloa,

Mexico, 1922 (U. S.); idem 5265, Sianori, State of Durango, 1924

(U. S.); idem 6431, Coacoylitos, State of Sinaloa, 1926 (U. S.); E.

Palmer, Tepic, Territory of Tepic, Mexico, January 5-February 6,

1892 (U. S.); idem 191, Acapulco and vicinity, State of Guerrero,

Mexico, October, 1894-March, 1895 (Calif.; Field, 2 sheets; Gray;

Mo.; N. Y.; U. S.); idem 442, Rio Blanco, State of Jalisco, Mexico,

September, 1886 (Gray; Mo.; Phila.; U. S.); idem 546, Mapimi and

vicinity, State of Durango, Mexico, October 21-23, 1898 (U. S.);

idem 1222, State of Colima, Mexico, January 9-February 6, 1891

(Calif.; Gray; N. Y., 2 sheets; cf. specim. a Roseo lectum) ; idem 1805,

Culiacan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico, October 25-November 18, 1891

(Field; Gray; N. Y.; U. S.); C. G. Pringle 4516, hillsides near Guada-

lajara, State of Jalisco, Mexico, September 5, 1893 (Calif.; Del., 2

sheets; Field, 2 sheets; Gray; N. Y.; Phila.; U. S.); idem 9889 pro

parte, alt. 5,000 feet, Cuernavaca, State of Morelos, Mexico, Novem-

ber 12, 1902 (Field; U. S., etc.);B. P. Reko 4568, Guadalajara, State

of Jalisco, Mexico, November, 1921 (U. S.);J. N. Rose, cult, e sem.

a Palmero sub num. 1222 lect., 1892 (U. S.); idem 2825, on road

between Colotlan and Bolanos, State of Jalisco, Mexico, September

7-9, 1897 (U. S.); J. N. Rose, J. H. Painter, & J. S. Rose 10207,

near Cuernavaca, State of Morelos, Mexico, September 12-13, 1905

(U. S.); J. N. Rose, P. C. Standley, & P. G. Russell 13043, Sierra de

Alamos, vicinity of Alamos, State of Sonora, Mexico, March 18,

1910 (U. S.); A. E. Salazar 585, growing 1.25-1.50 meters high, in

open, sandy places, Rancho del Coacoyol, San Ignacio, State of

Sinaloa, Mexico, September 13, 1918 (U. S.); Mr. Salle, Mt. Orizaba,

Mexico (Del.) ; J. G. Schaffner 204, in sandy places, Mexico, Septem-

ber, 1876 (Gray) ; J. G. Schaffner 397, Orizaba, State of Vera Cruz,

Mexico, August, 1855 (Par.); B. Seemann, near City of Panama,

Panama (Par.); J. A. Shafer 385, roadside, Montserrat, West Indies,

February 4, 1907 (N. Y.); idem 1848, spontaneous, vicinity of La

Gloria, Camaguey, Cuba, February, 1909 (N. Y.; U. S.); P. Sintenis

5773, Porto Rico, December 31, 1886 (Gray; U. S.); J. K. Small

7944, pine lands west of Silver Palm, Florida, November 22, 1916

(N. Y.); idem et J. B. DeWinkeler 9767, pine lands near Crooked

Lake, Polk County, Florida, December 12, 1920 (N. Y.) ; iidem et

C. A. M osier 10972, swamps, Apalachicola, Florida, November 26,

1923 (N. Y.); P. C. Standley 19235, alt. 650-850 meters, weed in

garden, vicinity of San Salvador, Salvador, December 20, 1921-

January 4, 1922 (Gray; N. Y.; U. S.; nomina vulg. flor de muerto,

boton de oro) ; idem 30005, in garden, Rio Pedro Miguel, near East

Paraiso, Canal Zone, Panama, January 7, 1924 (U. S.; nom. vulg.

nino muerto) ; J. B. Thompson (direction of) 348, cult., Guam, Mari-

THE GENUS COSMOS 411

anne Isls. (U. S.) ; R. A. Toro 487, vicinity of Medellin, Colombia,

August 28, 1927 (N. Y.);L.£. Warren, Georgetown, British Guiana,

1924 (U. S.)-

The plants just listed for this species have the more or less hispid

stem, branches, petioles and foliar midribs as shown in Cavanilles'

type plate. This fact, together with the fact that they mostly came

from Mexico, as did Cavanilles' material originally, shows that

Cavanilles was describing the species having reddish-orange ligules

(C. aurantiacus Klatt) and not the truly sulphureous-rayed C. calvus.

His description of the ligules, "saturate sulphurea," clearly was

inexact, as indeed a number of other color descriptions given by

him (e.g., "coccinea" for the orange-yellow rays of Bidens sambuci-

folia, op. cit. 3: 15).

The species has been used widely in recent years for ornament

and also has been known for centuries to the Aztecs of Mexico as a

dye plant (cf. J. N. Rose, Gard. and Forest 8: 484. fig. 66. 1895; W. E.

Safford, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sc. 8: 613. 1918).

Cosmos sulphureus var. exaristatus, nom. nov.; C. sulphureus

f. exaristatus Brandeg. in herb.

A specie achaeniis etiam ovariis exaristatis differt.

Type specimen: Collected by C. A. Purpus, No. 6798, Sierra de

TonaM, State of Chiapas, Mexico, September, 1913 (Calif.).

Distribution: Known only from the states of Morelos, Oaxaca,

and Chiapas, southern Mexico.

Specimens examined: E. Bourgeau 1206, ravine near Cuernavaca,

State of Morelos, November 14, 1865 (Del., 2 sheets) ; C. G. Pringle

9889 pro parte, alt. 5,000 feet, Cuernavaca, November 12, 1902

(N. Y.);C. A. Purpus 6793 (type, Calif .; cotypes, Field; Gray; N. Y.;

U. S.); C. L. Smith 291, alt. 7,000-8,000 feet, Sierra de San Felipe,

State of Oaxaca, October, 1894 (Mo.).

The exaristate-achened plants are here treated varietally to

conform with the varietal status for the exaristate-achened plants of

C. bipinnatus (var. exaristatus DC.).

6. Cosmos caudatus HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 188 (240).

1820; Bidens Berteriana Spreng. Syst. Veg. 3: 454. 1826; Cosmea

caudata Spreng. loc. cit. 615; C. cordatus H. & K. ex Benth. Bot.

Sulph. 186. 1844 (sphalm); Bidens caudata Schz. Bip. in Seem. Bot.

Voy. Herald 308. 1852-57.

Herba annua, erecta, caule glabrato vel pilis multiloculatis hinc

inde consperso, sulcato, obscure tetragono, 0.6-2 (-2.5) m. alto.

Folia tenuiter petiolata, petiolis principalium pro unica planta nunc

brevibus (1-2 cm.) nunc multo longipribus (etiam 5-7 cm.), petiolo

adjecto 1-2 dm. longa, saepius tripinnatisecta, circumambitu del-

412 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VIII

toidea, segmentis ultimis oblongo-lanceolatis, membranaceis, glabratis

sed margine spinuloso-ciliatis, apice acribus et saepe mucronatis,

saepius 3-10 mm. latis. Capitula (pro plantae magnitudine parva)

non numerosa, tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis saepius glabratis

1-3 dm. longis, pansa ad anthesin plerumque tantum 2.5-3 cm. lata

et circ. 8-12 mm. alta. Involucri bracteae exteriores circ. 8, lineari-

subulatae, tergo glabrae sed margine ciliatae, saepe patentes, circ.

6-10 mm. longae, interioribus oblongo-linearibus vel etiam late

oblongo-lanceolatis subaequales. Flores ligulati circ. 8, ligula

oblongo-oblanceplati, purpurei rosaceive, apice saepe obtuse tri-

lobati lobo mediano longiore, mine plus minusve parvi abortivique

nunc 1-1.5 cm. longi. Achaenia saepius 20-30, infra fusiformia,

curvata, plus minusve tetragona, unaquaque facierum profunde

1-sulcata, nigra vel hinc inde brunnea, glabrata vel minutissime

spinuloso-scabrida, 1.2-1.5 mm. crassa; supra longe rostrato-attenu-

ata, recta vel subcurvata, teretiuscula, brunnea vel straminea, sul-

cata, dense erecteque setosa; corpore (rostro adjecto) 1.2-3 (vel

etiam -3.5) cm. longa; apice biaristata vel saepius imperfecte triaris-

tata aristis (principalibus tenuibus) retrorsum hamosis, late diver-

gentibus vel etiam reflexis, 3-5 mm. longis.

Type specimen: Collected by Humboldt and Bonpland, near

Havana, Cuba, March [1801] (Par.).

Distribution: Throughout the West Indies; in Florida, but rare;

in Mexico from states of Tamaulipas and Sinaloa southward; widely

distributed in Central America; extending southward in South

America to Ecuador, Bolivia, Paraguay, and southernmost Brazil.

In the eastern hemisphere occurring in French Indo-China, British

East India, Philippine Islands, Molucca Islands, Island of Sumatra,

Island of Mauritius, etc.

Specimens examined : W. L. Abbott 244, common along roadside,

vicinity of Samana, Samana Peninsula, Santo Domingo, December,

1920 (U. S.); idem 630, Pimentel, Province of Pacificador, Santo

Domingo, January 20-25, 1921 (U. S.); idem 1503, alt. up to 200

meters, roadside, vicinity of Samana, Santo Domingo, January 8,

1922 (U. S.); E. Andre K1255, equatorial America (N. Y.); anon.,

Surinam (Phila.); H. H. Bardett & C. D. LaRue 192, Asahan, east

coast of Sumatra, 1918 (Calif.); J.Bermejos 358, Palawan, Philippine

Isls., January, 1906 (N. i .; U.S.);Berfero, Porto Rico (ex herb. Spreng.,

Par.; type of Bidens Berteriana Spreng.); Blauner 36, West Indies,

1853 (Del.); Blodgett, Key West, Florida (N. Y., 2 sheets); E. G.

Britton 2886, between Grange Hill and Glasgow, Jamaica, March

1-13, 1908 (N. Y.); eadem et D. W. Marble 1233, shaded bank, St.

Peter, St. Thomas, West Indies, February 11-22, 1913 (N. Y.;

U. S.) ; N. L. Britton & E. G. Britton 388, vicinity of Matanzas, Cuba,

March 16, 1903 (N. Y.) ; iidem et M. S. Broum 6642, roadside, vicinity

of Dorado, Porto Rico, March 20-22, 1922 (N. Y.); AT. L. Britton

& J. F. Cowett 25, cult, e sem. lectis September 5, 1901, St. Croix,

American Virgin Isls. (N. Y.) ; iidem 25, the original (spontaneous)

material itself (N. Y.); iidem 390, roadside, vicinity of Utuado, Porto

THE GENUS COSMOS 413

Rico, March 15-20, 1906 (N. Y.); N. L. Britton, F. S. Earle, & C. S.

Gager 6885, growing 2 meters high, roadside, San Diego de los Banos,

Province of Pinar del Rio, Cuba, August 31-September 3, 1910

(N. Y.; U. S.); N. L. Britton & J. A. Shafer 776, alt. 325 meters, on

bank, Tortola, Virgin Isls., February 13-17, 1913 (N. Y.; U. S.);

W. E. Broadway, open places, St. George, Grenada, West Indies,

December, 1904 (N. Y.; U. S.); idem 524, on bank of St. Madeleine

Road, vicinity of Cayenne, French Guiana, June 20, 1921 (Gray;

N. Y.); idem 7419, Cedros, Trinidad, November 20, 1915 (N. Y.);

Burchell 9121, tropical Brazil (Gray); S. Calderdn 90, San Salvador,

Salvador, January, 1922 (Gray; N. Y.; U. S.); idem 1242, Santo

Domingo, Salvador, 1922 (Gray; U. S.); idem 2403, in garden, San

Salvador, Salvador, 1928 (Field); idem 2404, cult., eodem loco et

tempore (Field); Mr. Caley, St. Vincent, West Indies, 1817 (Del.,

2 sheets) ; N. Catalan, Province of Laguna, Luzon, Philippine Isls.,

February-March, 1917 (Calif.); J. R. Churchill, Constant Spring,

Jamaica, March 23, 1897 (Gray); J. & M. S. Clemens 4413, mission

grounds, Tourane, Annam, French Indo-China, May-July, 1927

(Mo.); R. Combs 623, common in waste places, Cieneguita, District

of Cienfuegos, Province of Santa Clara, Cuba, September 30, 1895

(Gray; N. Y.); J. F. Cowell 91, between Mt. Hope and Santa Rita

Trail, Panama, February 25, 1905 (N. Y.); J. S. De La Cruz 1009,

growing 8 feet high, Santa Rosa, Moruka River, Pomeroon District,

British Guiana, August 16, 1921 (Gray; N. Y.; Phila.; U. S.); idem

1217, Kamwatta, Pomeroon District, September 21, 1921 (N. Y.);

idem 1862, growing 3 feet high, vicinity of Bartica, on the Essequibo

River, Lat. 6° 25' N., British Guiana (N. Y.; U. S.); idem 2516,

Waramuri Mission, Moruka River, Pomeroon District, British

Guiana, October 23-27, 1922 (Calif.; Gray; N. Y.; Phila.; U. S.);

idem 2932, Pomeroon River, Pomeroon District, January 14-20,

1923 (Gray; N. Y.; U. S.); idem 3668, Waini River, Northwest

District, British Guiana, April 3-18, 1923 (Calif.; Gray; N. Y.;

Phila. ; U. S.) ; idem 3776, eodem loco et tempore (Calif. ; Gray; N. Y. ;

Phila.; U. S.); idem 3959, Wanama River, Northwest District, Lat.

7° 45' N., Long. 60° 15' W., May 10-23, 1923 (Gray; N. Y.; U. S.);

idem 4330, Assakatta, Northwest District, Lat. 7° 45' N., Long.

59° 5' W., September 18-28, 1923 (Calif.; Gray; Mo.; N. Y.; Phila.;

U. S.); von Schack, Trinidad, West Indies (N. Y.); De Vore & Hoover

234, Santa Cruz, District of Davap, Mindanao, Philippine Isls., April,

1903 (U. S.); A. 0' 'Donovan, vicinity of Santiago de las Vegas,

Province of Havana, Cuba, November 17, 1904 (N. Y.); P. Dusen

9869, in ruderal and bush-covered places, Porto Don Pedro II,

State of Parana, Brazil, May 31, 1910 (N. Y.; U. S.); Pere Duss

1443, growing 1.3 meters tall, naturalized in environs of St. Pierre,

Martinique, West Indies, 1879 (N. Y.); idem (similiter) 1443, West

Indies, 1884 (U. S.) ; idem 2499, growing 3-5 feet tall, road from Basse-

Terre to Gourbevre at Gourbevre, Guadeloupe, West Indies, 1892

(U. S.) ; idem (similiter) 2499, introduced and naturalized in nearly

all parts of Guadeloupe, 1893 (N. Y.); distrib. Eggers, St. Kitts,

West Indies, December, 1882 (U. S.); Eggers, St. Thomas, West

414 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Indies, June 24 and December 12, 1876 (Gray) ; idem 2973, Aybonito,

at La Lima, Porto Rico, December 5, 1885 (U. S.); idem 5942, at

Great Courland River, Tobago, West Indies, November, 1889

(N. Y.); A. D. E. Elmer 7037, Palo, Province of Leyte, Leyte, Philip-

pine Isls., January, 1906 (N. Y.); idem 14386, Irosin (Mt. Bulusan),

Province of Sorsogon, Luzon, Philippine Isls., October, 1915 (U. S.);

H.Fernando 100, Province of Santa Clara, Cuba, November 13, 1919

(N. Y.); W. C.Fishlock 309, pastures, Purcells, Tortola, Virgin Isls.,

January 1, 1919 (Gray; Phila.); A. Fredholm 3137, hillside near Port

Antonio, Jamaica, July 7, 1897 (N. Y.; U. S.);Funck & Schlim 25,

Guadeloupe, West Indies, December, 1845 (Del.) ; G. F. Gaumer 2505,

Me"rida, State of Yucatan, Mexico (Field) ; idem 2075, Chichankanab,

State of Yucatan (Field; U. S.);Glaziou 12844, Caminho do Macaco,

State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, April 14, 1881 (N. Y.; U. S.); idem

14007, State of Rio de Janeiro (Del., 3 sheets) ; H. A. Gleason 600,

along railway tracks, dense upland forest, Rockstone, British Guiana,

July IS^August 1, 1921 (N. Y.; U. S.); G. P. Goll 249, Candelaria,

Porto Rico, November 11, 1899 (U. S.); idem 741, Jaguey (Coamo),

Porto Rico, November 23, 1899 (U. S.); idem 927, dry soil by road-

side, Mayagiiez, Porto Rico, November 30, 1899 (U. S.) ; L. Hahn

383, between St. Pierre and the Fond St. Denis, Martinique, West

Indies, December, 1867 (Del.);#. Hassler 8826, growing 1-2 meters

tall in ruderal places in the hill region, Cordillera de Villa-Rica, Para-

guay, January, 1905 (Hassl.) ; S. Hayes 266, Manzanillo Is., Panama,

October 20, 1859 (N. Y.); A. A. Heller 6134, on Adjuntas Road, 7

miles from Ponce, Porto Rico, November 27, 1902 (Gray; N. Y.;

Phila.; U. S.); idem et uxor 133, grassy field, near Rio Pedras, Porto

Rico, January 13, 1899 (N. Y.; U. S.); Herb. Wight 1452, British East

India (N. Y.);#. T. Heyde 334, Guatemala, 1892 (U. S.); idem et

Lux 3793, alt. 3,000 feet, Rio de Las Cafias, Department of Santa Rosa,

Guatemala, September, 1892 (Chi.; Gray; N. Y.; U. S.); A. S. Hitch-

cock 17549, Issorora, Aruka River, Lat. 8° 10' N., Long. 59° 50' W.

(northern South America), January 16-17, 1920 (Gray; N. Y.; U. S.);

/. F. Holton 269, La Paila, Colombia, April 25, 1853 (N. Y.; Phila.);

Home 96, near Caney, Santiago, Cuba, September 4, 1905 (U. S.) ;

W. Jameson 60, Quilichao, Ecuador (U. S.); Johnson, Porto Rico

(N. Y.);#. P. Killip3134, dry plains, Chivi-Chivi, Panama, October

11, 1917 (U. S.); idem et T. Hazen 8375, field, 900-920 meters,

Zarzal, Department of El Valle, Colombia, July 20, 1922 (N. Y.;

U. S.); E. P. Killip and A. C. Smith 15443, growing 3-5 feet tall, alt.

about 980 meters, vicinity of Piedecuesta, Department of Santander,

Colombia, December 19-24, 1926 (Gray; N. Y.; U. S.); 0. Kuntze

204, Caguay, Porto Rico, March 7, 1874 (N. Y.);idem 803, Trinidad,

West Indies, April, 1874 (N. Y.); F. C. Lehmann 7491, alt. 1,000

meters, forests of Cerrito in State of Cauca, Colombia, July (N. Y.);

E. C. Leonard 7435, alt. about 350 meters, field, north side of Mt.

Lalidie, vicinity of St. Michel de 1'Atalaye, Department du Nord,

Haiti, November 23, 1925 (N. Y.; U. S.); P. Levy 224, alt. 100

meters, uncultivated savannas, He d'Omotepe, Nicaragua, October,

1869 (Del.); A.Loher 3627, San Francisco, central Luzon, Philippine

THE GENUS COSMOS 415

Isls. (U. S.) ; J. F. Macbride 2656, savannas, Panama, February 22,

1923 (Field; U. S.); L. Mangubat 509, Is. Balabac, Philippine Isls.,

March-April, 1906 (N. Y.; U. S.); R. C. McGregor 64, Manila, Luzon,

Philippine Isls., October-December, 1904 (U. S.); E. D. Merrill 1346,

Antipolo, Province of Rizal, Luzon, February, 1903 (N. Y.; U. S.);

idem 3646, Caloocan, Province of Rizal, Luzon, November, 1903

(N. Y.; U. S.); G. S. Mitter 14, Montserrat, West Indies, February

10, 1924 (U. S.) ; J. G. Ortega 5966, Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico,

1925 (U. S.); E. Otto 303, Cuba (Gray); E. Palmer 333, alt. about

350 meters, vicinity of Gomez Farias, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico,

April 13-21, 1907 (Field; Calif.; Gray; N. Y.; U. S.);Paulay, vicinity

of Pamplemousses, Mauritius, May, 1887 (Mus. V.);F. W. Pennett

4156, alt. 40-70 meters, Los Hurtados, on the Rio Sinu, Department

of Bolivar, Colombia, February 4, 1918 (N. Y.); idem 6195, alt.

1,090 meters, roadside, Palmira, Department of El Valle, State of

Cauca, Colombia, May 26-30, 1922 (Gray ; N. Y. ; U. S.) ; C. V. Piper

5531, Empire to Mandinga, Canal Zone, Panama, February 23,

1923 (Gray; U. S.); H. Pittier 2152, alt. 50-150 meters, fields and

waste places, around Culebra, Canal Zone, Panama, January 1, 1911

(U. S.) ; idem 2246, alt. 10-30 meters, between Gorgona and Mamei,

Canal Zome, Panama, January, 1911 (Gray; U. S.); idem 9644, San

Juan del Norte, Nicaragua, June, 1895 (U. S.); idem 9905, growing

1 meter tall, alt. 800-1,000 meters, El Tason, near El Valle, Federal

District, Venezuela, November 12, 1921 (Gray; N. Y.); idem 16432,

coffee plantations, alt. 900 meters, Nuestro Amo, Turrucares, Costa

Rica, September 15, 1902 (Del., 2 sheets); C. L. Pollard, E. Palmer,

& W. Palmer 188, vicinity of Baracoa, Province of Santiago, Cuba,

February 1-7, 1902 (Gray; N. Y.; Phila.; U. S.); C. A. Purpus 6685,

in the sand of the river, Finca Mexiquito, State of Chiapas, Mexico,

July, 1913 (Calif.); idem 8703, Zacualpan, State of Vera Cruz,

Mexico, October, 1921 (Calif.); M. Ramos 1471, Bosoboso, Rizal

Province, Luzon, Philippine Isls., September, 1906 (N. Y.; U. S.);

idem et Edano, Jolo, Sulu Province, Philippine Isls., September 10,

1924 (Calif.); iidem, Alabat Is., Tayabas Province, Philippine Isls.,

October 18, 1926 (Calif.); E. M. Reineck, shady places in the harbor

district, Porto Alegre, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, February

16, 1899 (U. V.); A. E. Ricksecker 18, Bassin, St. Croix, West Indies,

October 23, 1895 (N. Y.); C. B. Robinson 1837, Amboina, Molucca

Isls., July-November, 1903 (U. S.) ; J. N. Rose, A. Pachano, & G.

Rose 23367, between Loja and Portovelo, Ecuador, October 3-6,

1918 (N. Y.; U. S.); J. N. Rose & P. G. Russell 19658, vicinity of

Bahia, Brazil, May 27, 1915 (U. S.); iidem et W. R. Fitch 3338,

Halliday Hill, Antigua, West Indies, February 7, 1913 (N. Y.; U. S.);

iidem 4373, Sanchez, Santo Domingo, April 2, 1913 (N. Y.; U. S.);

J. T. Rothrock 353, alt. 2,000-3,500 feet, Blue Mts., Jamaica, Decem-

ber 12, 1890 (Penn.) ; J. N. Rovirosa 626, Mexico, October 7, 1889

(N. Y.; Phila.; U. S.; cempoalillo incolarum); Rugel 135, in unculti-

vated valleys, Yumury, Cuba, 1849 (N. Y.); H. H. Rusby &F. W.

Pennell 527, alt. 700-1,500 meters, Quebrada, Department of Huila,

Colombia, July 31, 1917 (N. Y.); H. H, Rusby & R. W. Squires 231,

416 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Catalina, lower Orinoco River, May, 1896 (Gray; N. Y.; Phila.;

U. S.; U. V.); J> A. Samuels 835, road to Kwatta, Paramaribo, Dutch

Guiana, June 7, 1916 (Gray; N. Y.); L. Schlim 199, alt. 3,500 feet,

Ocaiia, Province de Ocana, Colombia, October, 1850 (Del., 2 sheets);

J. A. Shafer 128, roadside near Grove and Richmond, Montserrat,

West Indies, January 21, 1907 (N. Y.; U. S.); idem 2853, moist

ground, Isabel Segunda to Campo Cielo, Vieques Is., Porto Rico,

January 24, 1914 (N. Y.; U. S.); idem 7692, growing 3-4 feet tall,

vicinity of Baracoa, Province of Oriente, Cuba, November 30, 1910

(N. Y.); idem 11883, San Juan de Zayas to San Gabriel, Province of

Pinar del Rio, Cuba, January 17-18, 1912 (Gray; N. Y.; U. S.);

idem 12079, roadside, vicinity of Sanctus Spiritus, Province of

Santa Clara, Cuba, February 15-24, 1912 (N. Y.); P. Sintenis 112,

on hills about Mayagtiez, Porto Rico, October 27, 1881 (N. Y.;

U. S.) ; idem 112b, at margins of forests, Maricao, Porto Rico, Novem-

ber 16, 1884 (U. S.); idem 5187, on slopes at Buena Vista, Division of

Humacao, Porto Rico, September 29, 1886 (U. S.; U. V.); H. H.

Smith 602, alt. 100 feet, Santa Marta, Colombia, February, 1898-1901

(Gray; N. Y., 2 sheets; Phila.; U. S.); idem (similiter) 602, rare in

clearings below 3,000 feet, Bonda, Onaca, etc., vicinity of Santa

Marta, July-August, 1898-99 (N. Y.); idem et G. W. Smith 3,

alt. 800 feet, St. Vincent, West Indies, April-November (Gray);

P. C. Standley 19550, alt. 650-850 meters, vicinity of San Salvador,

Salvador, December 20, 1921-January 4, 1922 (Gray; U. S.); idem

29029, moist thicket, along old Las Cruces Trail, between Fort

Clayton and Corozal, Panama, December 31, 1923 (U. S. ; clavellina

incolarum); idem 30409, growing 3-5 feet tall, on brushy slope,

between France Field, Canal Zone and Catival, Province of Colon,

Panama, January 9, 1924 (U. S.); idem 31069, growing 3-5 feet tall,

in wooded swamp, vicinity of Fort Sherman, Canal Zone, Panama,

January 15, 1924 (U. S.) ; R. A. Toro 549, Titiribi, vicinity of Medellin,

Colombia, August 20, 1927 (N. Y.); Trinidad Botanical Gardens

(herb. No.} 2579, Trinidad, West Indies (U. S.); 0. E. White 2100,

alt. 400 feet, woodlands, Cachuela Esperanza, Bolivia, March 7,

1921 (U. S.); idem (similiter) 2100, alt. 300 feet, weed along path in

sun, Cachuela Esperanza, Bolivia, March 7, 1922 (N. Y.); A.E. Wight

32, on cultivated lowlands, Port Antonio, Jamaica, January 6, 1906

(N. Y.); P. Wilson 9438, dry hillside, Bahia Honda, Province of

Pinar del Rio, Cuba, December 18-19, 1910 (N. Y.); C. Wright 818,

eastern Cuba, 1856-57 (Gray; Phila.); H. Wydler 187, Porto Rico,

1827 (N. Y.).

7. Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. Icon, et Descr. 1: 10. pi 14. 1791;

Coreopsis formosa Bonato Pisaura, Autom. Cor. Form. 22. 1793;

Cosmea bipinnata Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 2250. 1803; Georgia bipinnata

Spreng. Syst. Veg. 3: 611. 1826; Cosmos tenuifolius Lindl. Bot.

Reg. pi. 2007. 1837; Cosmea tenuifolia Lindl. ex Heynhold, Norn.

23. 1840; Bidens formosa Schz. Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald

307. 1852-57 ;B. Lindkii Schz. Bip. loc. cit.; B. Lindleyi Schz. Bip.

exlnd. Kew. 1:301. 1895.

THE GENUS COSMOS 417

Achaenia aristata Cosmos bipinnattis sensu stricto.

Achaenia exaristata var. exaristatus.

Herba annua, erecta, ramosa, mine glaberrima nunc minute

scabrido-pubescens, 0.6-2 m. alta. Folia sessilia vel breviter

(plerumque usque ad 7 mm.) alato-petiolata, plerumque 6-11 cm.

longa, segmentis anguste linearibus vel subcapillaceis, 0.5-3 cm.

longis et 0.4-1.2 mm. latis, apice acutis induratisque. Capitula

moderate numerosa, pedunculata pedunculis tenuibus usque ad 2

dm. longis, pansa ad anthesin (3-) 4.5-8 cm. lata et 0.8-1.5 cm. alta.

Involucri bracteae exteriores circ. 8, lanceolato-subulatae, 5-7-

nervatae, superne saepe ciliatae, 9-13 mm. longae, interioribus

ovato-lanceolatis subaequales. Flores ligulati plerumque 8, rosacei

vel lilacini, ligula obovati, apice subtruncato plus minusve dentati,

usque ad 3 cm. longi et usque ad 1.8 cm. lati. Paleae diaphanae

superne caudato-elongatae cauda saepius aurea rarius atro-brunnea.

Achaenia plus minusve linearia, nunc brevia clavataque nunc fusi-

formia ac supra tenuissime elongato-rostrata rostro angustissimo,

atra, subacriter tetragona unaquaque facierum 1-sulcata, corpore

vero glabra vel tuberculata circ. 6-10 mm. longa et circ. 1 mm.

crassa, rostro plerumque erecto-hispida, omnino (aristis exclusis)

7-16 mm. longis, plerumque 2- raro 3-aristata aristis tenuibus retror-

sum hamosis saepius 1-1.5 mm. longis.

Type specimen: No particular specimen cited. Cavanilles' original

description was drawn from plants of Mexican origin which flowered

at the Royal Garden of Madrid in October, November, and Decem-

ber, in the years 1789 and 1790.

Distribution: Arizona southeastward into the states of Puebla

and Michoacan, Mexico; elsewhere (Maine, Florida, Cuba, Japan,

etc.) adventive or cultivated.

Specimens examined:1 Andrieux 860, Mexico, 1833 (Del.); Brother

Arsene 522, alt. 2,170 meters, road to the Cimitiere de la Piedad,

vicinity of Puebla, State of Puebla, Mexico, September 29, 1906

(N. Y.; U. S.); idem 522a, Laguna de San Baltasar, vicinity of

Puebla, State of Puebla, October 25, 1906 (U. S.); idem 2429, alt.

1,900 meters, ravine northwest of Punguato, vicinity of Morelia,

State of Michoacan, Mexico, September 2, 1909 (U. S.); idem 5425,

alt. 2,050 meters, Loma Santa Maria, vicinity of Morelia, State of

Michoacan, September 17, 1910 (Gray; N. Y.; U. S.); E. Bourgeau

845, fields, Mexico, September 6, 1866 (Gray; U. S.); S. Brown, N. L.

Britton, & P.Bissett 1983, in garden, Bermuda, West Indies, May 22-

June 6, 1914 (N. Y.); C. Y. Chiao, cult., Nanking, Kiangsu

Province, China, October 29, 1926 (Calif.) ; T. Coulter 384, Mexico

(Gray; N. Y.; Phila.) ; J. Gregg 65, Mexico, 1848-49 (Gray) ; L. Hahn,

Mexico, 1865-66 (U. V.); K. Ichikawa 112 (distrib. T. Tanaka),

1 There is a possibility that two or three of the collections cited here have

achenes of the exaristate type and should be referred therefore to the var. exaris-

tatus DC. (q.y.)- At the time of my first listing collections of this species I in-

clined toward ignoring this variety.

418 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VIII

cult. Fukuoka Prefecture, Hikosan Township, Tagawa County,

Japan, October 8, 1925 (Calif.); idem 951, cult., eodem loco et tern-

pore (Calif.) ;E. W. Nelson 30, north slope of Volcan Toluca, State of

Mexico, Mexico, September 9, 1893 (U. S.); Brother Nicolas, alt.

2,000 meters, on bank of Alseseca River, State of Puebla, Mexico,

September 1, 1909 (Del.); idem, Rancho Posadas near Puebla, State

of Puebla, September 25, 1909 (U. S.); E. Palmer, Arizona, 1869

(Phila.); idem 574, vicinity of Durango, Durango, Mexico, April-

November, 1896 (Calif.; Field, 3 sheets; Gray; N. Y.; U. S.); idem

623, fields, fence rows, and gardens, Guadalajara, State of Jalisco,

Mexico, September, 1886 (Gray; N. Y.; Phila.; U. S.; U. V.); idem

699, eodem loco, October, 1886 (Gray; U. S.); J. C. Parlin, wool

waste, North Berwick, Maine, 1904 (Gray) ; C. G. Pringle 6590, alt.

7,500 feet, valley of Mexico, Federal District, Mexico, September 19,

1896 (Calif.; Field, 2 sheets; Gray; N. Y.; Phila.; U. S.; U. V.);

idem 13036, alt. 7,300 feet, fields about Lecheria, State of Mexico,

Mexico, September 30, 1904 (Field; Gray; U. S.); C. A. Purpus

1552, alt. 8,000-9,000 feet, barley fields, Mt. Ixtaccihuatl, Mexico,

October, 1905 (Calif.; Field); E. M. Reineck, on rubbish-covered

places, Porto Alegre, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, February 9,

1898 (U. V.); J. N. Rose 2197, in the Sierra Madre, near Santa

Teresa, Territory of Tepic, Mexico, August 11, 1897 (U. S.); idem

2762, near Plateado, State of Zacatecas, September 2, 1897 (Gray;

U. S.) ; idem 3642, Plateado, State of Zacatecas, September 3, 1897

(U. S.) ; idem et J. H. Painter 7818, near Flor Maria, State of Mexico,

Mexico, October 13, 1903 (U. S.) ; J. G. Schaffner, valley of Mexico,

Federal District, Mexico, August, 1855 (Gray); W. Schumann 8,

river bank and pond, Mexico, September 21, 1884 (Field; U. S.);

J. K. Small 8637, pine lands, Redland District, Dade County,

Florida, May 13, 1918 (N. Y.); H. A. Van Hermann 364, Santiago

de las Vegas, Province of Havana, Cuba, December 15, 1904 (N. Y.).

This and its var. exaristatus, both handsome plants, are now culti-

vated widely for ornament. Early flowering dwarfed forms are seen

in many gardens and the range of ray colors is from an intense wine-

red through various shades of red and pink to a pure white. The

last is the var. albiflorus Sprenger, Bull. R. Soc. Tosc. Ort. 15: 356.

1890. Recently semi-double heads have been produced and are

common in cultivation.

Cosmos bipinnatus var. exaristatus DC. Prodr. 5: 606. 1836.

Achaenia apice calva.

Type specimen: Collected by Humboldt and Bonpland, at altitude

of 6,000 feet, in meadows near Patzcuaro (Pazcuaro, Pe*zcuaro),

State of Michoacan, Mexico, September, 1803. l

Distribution: In southern Mexico from the states of Michoacan

and Mexico southeastward into (fide citationis a DeCandolleo plantae

'Type should be in the official set of Humboldt and Bonpland plants at Paris.

THE GENUS COSMOS 419

exsicc. Andrieuxii numeri 807) the State of Oaxaca. Elsewhere

(California, South Carolina, etc.) doubtless always adventive or

escaped from cultivation. Apparently commoner in cultivation than

the species proper.

Specimens examined: Virlet d'Aoust 174, Mexico, 1851 (Par.);

Aschenborn 393, Mexico (Par.) ; Berlandier 938, San Angel, Federal

District, Mexico, September (Mo.); ex herb. J. Davis 5010, private

garden, Anderson, South Carolina, October 1, 1920 (Mo.); W.

Schaffner 156, fields at Santa Fe, Federal District, Mexico, Sep-

tember, 1854 (Par.); ex herb. F. Wislizenus 1187, Pomona, California,

1895 (Mo.).

Cosmos hybridus Hort. (ex Gard. & Forest 1: 474. 1888), raised

in gardens at Newport, Rhode Island, was evidently a derivative

of C. bipinnatus Cav. (plantis 6-8 pedibus altis; capitulis numero-

sissimis circ. 6-6.5 cm. latis parce suaveolentibus; radiis candidis

vel pallido-rosaceis, marginalibus, crispis fimbriatisque). Informa-

tion as to its parentage was said to be completely lacking, although

a so-called C. tenuissimus (nom. nudum) was mentioned as a possible

parent.

Cosmos spectabilis (Hort. ex Carr., Rev. Hortic. 64: 372. figs.

114-115 and plate. 1892) with its two vars. alba and rosea, was

suspected by Carriere to have been of hybrid origin. It appears to

be a mere horticultural name for a form of C. bipinnatus Cav.

8. Cosmos parviflorus (Jacq.) HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 189

(241). 1820; Coreopsis parviflora Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 65 and

pi. 374- 1798; Cosmea parviflora Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 2250. 1804; Cosmos

parviflorus Pers. Syn. 2: 477. 1807; Cosmos bipinnatus var. parviflorus

Gray, PI. Wright. 2: 90. 1853; Bidens Humboldtii Schz. Bip. in Seem.

Bot. Voy. Herald 307. 1852-57.

Herba annua, erecta, gracilis, supra saepe ramosa, 3-9 dm. alta,

caule nunc pubescenti nunc glabrato, sulcato. Folia parce petiolata

petiolis alato-marginatis usque ad circ. 5 mm. longis, tota longitu-

dine 3-7 cm. longa, bipinnata, segmentis angustissime linearibus

tantum 0.1-0.6 mm. latis, faciebus glabris marginibus saepe valde

spinuloso-ciliatis, apice acutis vel subobtusis costis omnibus vix

notabiliter alatis. Capitula singillatim pedunculos interdum tenuis-

simos plerumque 1-3 dm. longos terminantia, pansa ad anthesin

1.5-2.5 cm. lata et 6-9 mm. alta. Involucri bracteae exteriores ple-

rumque 8, lanceolato-acuminatae vel lineari-elongatae, saepe patentes

vel etiam reflexae, tergo viridi 3-5-atro-nervatae, maximam partem

vel omnino glabrae, apice acuto induratae, 6-9 mm. longae; interiores

oblongae, acutae, exterioribus paulo breviores, atrovirentes cum oris

superne albidis. Flores ligulati circ. 8, albidi vel rosacei, ligula plus

minusve cuneato-obovati, apice 2-3-dentati, 5-9 mm. longi; tubulosi

lutei. Achaenia subfusiformia, linearia, rotundato-tetragona, atra

vel brunneo-atra, unaquaque facierum 1-sulcata, breviter erecto-

420 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VIII

setulosa, superne subito angustata ac saepius rostrata, corpore

(rostro adjecto) 9-16 mm. longa et 1-1.3 mm. crassa, apice 2-4-

aristata aristis erectis, retrorsum hamosis, circ. 2 mm. longis.

Type specimen: Raised from seed of unknown origin, in the

Garden of Schonbrunn, Vienna, Austria, and represented by Jacquin's

type plate.

Distribution: Texas, Colorado, and Arizona, southward through-

out Mexico (including Lower California) as far as the states of

Puebla and Michoacan. Adventive on wool waste in Massachusetts

and Maine.

Specimens examined: Bro. Anect 30, vicinity of Las Vegas, New

Mexico, September, 1919 (Gray; N. Y.; U. S.); id-em 85, eodem loco et

tempore (U. S.); idem 214, eodem loco, October, 1919 (Gray; U. S.);

anon., cult., Paris, France, 1818 (Gray); Bro. Arsene, alt. 2,194

meters, Cerro Tijocate, vicinity of Morelia, State of Michoacan,

Mexico, September 20, 1909 (U. S.); idem 348, alt. 2,194 meters,

Rancho Posada, vicinity of Puebla, State of Puebla, Mexico,

September 20, 1909 (U. S., 2 sheets); idem 2560, alt. 2,000 meters,

eodem loco, September 15, 1909 (U. S.); idem 5199, alt. 1,950 meters,

Loma Santa Maria, vicinity of Morelia, eodem tempore (N. Y.;

U. S.); idem 5461, alt. 2,000 meters, Punguato, vicinity of Morelia,

August 18, 1910 (Gray; U. S.); idem 17315, alt. 1,950 meters, south-

east of Las Vegas, New Mexico, September 2, 1926 (Mo.); Florence

Beckwith 237, Stonewall, Colorado, August, 1917 N. (Y.); J. M.

Bigelow, Laguna Blanca, New Mexico, 1853-54 (U. S.) ; J. C. Blumer

22, Fort Bayard Watershed, Grant County, New Mexico, August

27, 1905 (Gray; U. S.); idem 163, eodem loco, September 3, 1905

(Gray; N. Y.; U. S.); idem 1419, alt. 8,000-8,250 feet, pine land

recently lumbered, Barfoot Park, Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, Septem-

ber 24, 1906 (Gray); idem 1624, alt. 7,500 feet, Goldenrod Park,

Chiricahua Mts., August 23, 1907 (Gray; N. Y.; U. S.); idem 3321,

alt. 7,400 feet, Spud Ranch, Rincon Mts., Arizona, September 3,

1909 (Calif.; Gray); T. S.Brandegee, cult., 1895 (Calif.); idem, Sierra

de la Laguna, Lower California, October 20, 1893 (Calif.); /. W.

Clokey 4369, alt. 2,040 meters, dry hills, Rye, Colorado, September 3,

1921 (N. Y.; Phila.; U. S.); T. D. A. Cockerell, garden at Santa Fe,

New Mexico, September, 1897 (N. Y.); M. P. Dehesa 1556, ravine,

Concordia, State of Sinaloa, Mexico, September, 1919 (U. S.);

Miss L. L. Donnelly, alt. 6,100 feet, Cananea, State of Sonora,

Mexico, September 1, 1909 (Calif.); W. W. Eggleston 10809, alt.

2,480 meters, Barfoot Fire Station to Paradise, Cochise County,

Chiricahua National Forest, Arizona, September 23, 1914 (Gray;

U. S.); idem 14233, alt. 1,800 meters, above Silver Creek, Coronado

Forest, Cochise County, September 29, 1917 (Gray); idem 15999,

alt. 2,130 meters, Pinos Altos, Gila Forest, Grant County, New

Mexico, September 18, 1919 (Phila.); Charlotte C. Ettis 280, alt.

8,200 feet, cultivated soil, Balsam Park, Sandia Mts., New Mexico,

August 4-7, 1914 (U. S., 2 sheets); C. Ehrenberg 434, Mexico (Gray);

G. Engelmann, Hot Springs Canyon, Las Vegas, New Mexico,

THE GENUS COSMOS 421

September 12, 1881 (Mo.) ; A. Fendler 447, woods west of Las Vegas,

August 14, 1847 (Gray; Mo.); idem 448, bottom lands of Santa Fe

Creek, New Mexico, October 20, 1846 (Mo.); R. S. Ferris & C. D.

Duncan 2541, common, Livermore Peak, Davis Mts., Texas, July

9-12, 1921 (N. Y.); E. L. Greene, vicinity of Santa Rita del Cobre,

New Mexico, 1880 (Phila.); D. Griffiths 7222, north slope of Santa

Rita Mts., Arizona, September 13-21, 1901 (Mo.); idem et J. J.

Thornber 109, Santa Rita Mts., September 20-October 4, 1902

(U. S.); C. V. Hartman 568, Guajochic, State of Chihuahua, Mexico,

September 8, 1892 (Gray) ; idem 794, mountain near Pilares, State of

Chihuahua, September 18, 1891 (Calif., 2 sheets; Gray; N. Y.;

Penn.; U. S.); V. Havard 5, 1-2 feet tall, south of Marfa, Texas,

October, 1883 (Gray); idem 8, near creek, Limpia Mts., Texas,

July, 1883 (Gray; U. S.); A. A. & E. G. Heller 3789, alt. 7,300 feet,

between Santa Fe and Canoncito, New Mexico, June 29, 1897

(Gray; N. Y.; U. S.); C. L. Herrick 617, Hop Canyon, Magdalena

Mts., New Mexico, August, 1895 (U. S.) ; J. M. Holzinger, Hanover

Mt., southwestern New Mexico, July 31, 1911 (U. S.);F. X. Holzner

2011, Huachuca Mts., Arizona, August 23, 1893 (U. S.); Hort.

Cantabrigensis, e sem. a C. Wrightio in New Mexico lectis cult,

anno 1852 (N. Y.) et 1853 (Gray); M. E. Jones, alt. 5,500 feet,

Huachuca Mts., Arizona, September 2, 1903 (U. S.); idem 4305,

Bowie, Arizona, September 20, 1884 (U. S.); J. G. Lemmon, Rucker

Valley, Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, September, 1881 (Calif., 2 sheets) ;

idem 2765%, Tanner's Canyon at mill, Huachuca Mts., Arizona,

August, 1882 (Calif.; Gray; U. S.); F. E. Lowe, from wool waste,

North Worcester, Massachusetts, September 24, 1920 (Gray);!?. A.

Mearns 1963, Huachuca Mts., Arizona, August 21, 1893 (N. Y.);

idem 2143, base of San Luis Mts. up to 6,000 feet, United States-

Mexican boundary, September 5, 1893 (U. S.); 0. B. Metcalfe 596,

alt. about 7,500 feet, Mogollon Mts., Socorro County, New Mexico,

August 25, 1903 (Gray; N. Y.; U. S.); idem 1303, alt. about 6,600

feet, wet gravelly soil, Kingston, New Mexico (Gray; N. Y.; U. S.);

A. I. Midford 1275, Whitman's Camp, New Mexico, September 8,

1895 (N. Y.);G. C. Nealley 219, Arizona, 1891 (N. Y.; U. S.);E. W.

Nelson 481 7, alt. 8,000 feet, on Sierra Madre, 40 miles from Guada-

lupe y Calvo, southwestern Chihuahua, Mexico, August 21, 1898

(Gray; U. S.); idem 6179, near Colonia Garcia, in the Sierra Madre,

State of Chihuahua, August 1-20, 1899 (Gray; U. S.); Fr. Nicolas,

Rancho Posada, near Puebla, State of Puebla, Mexico, September

20, 1909 (U. S.);E. Palmer, Arizona, 1869 (U. S.); idem 109, Alvarez,

State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico, September 5-10, 1902 (Calif.;

Gray; N. Y.; U. S.); idem 579, rich, moist bottom lands, City of

Durango and vicinity, State of Durango, Mexico, September, 1896

(Calif. ; Gray; N. Y. ; U. S., 2 sheets) ; idem 580, eodem loco et tempore

(Calif.; Gray; U. S.); idem 588, alt. about 15 meters, vicinity of

Tampico, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico, April 27-30, 1910 (U. S.);

idem 699, Guadalajara, State of Jalisco, Mexico, October, 1886

(Gray); idem 1852, Tepic, Territory of Tepic, Mexico, January 5-

February 6, 1892 (Gray); J. C. Parlin 1526, on wool waste heap,

422 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VIII

North Berwick, Maine, September 10, 1902 (Gray, 2 sheets) ; Parry

& Palmer 482, central Mexico, 1878 (Gray; Phila.; U. S.); R- H.

Peebles & G. J. Harrison 4736, Patagonia Mts., Arizona, August 28,

1927 (U. S.); H. A. Pilsbry, alt. 8,000-11,000 feet, Black Range,

around heads of Animas Canyon, Sierra County, New Mexico,

September 10-18, 1915 (Phila.); idem, alt. 9,000-11,000 feet, between

Sawyer's Peak and Hillsboro Peak, summit of Black Range, New

Mexico, August 25-September 10, 1916 (Phila.); F. G. Plummer,

alt. 7,300 feet, along creek, vicinity of Lincoln National Forest,

New Mexico, 1903 (U. S.); C. G. Pringle, Arizona, June 24, 1882

(N. Y.); idem 599, near City of Chihuahua, State of Chihuahua,

Mexico, September 29, 1885 (Gray); idem 1298, pine plains, base of

the Sierra Madre, State of Chihuahua, September 29, 1887 (Gray;

N. Y., 2 sheets; Phila.; U. S.; U. V.); idem 1644, base of the Sierra

Madre, State of Chihuahua, October 7, 1888 (Calif.; N. Y.; U. V.);

idem 6572, alt. 7,300 feet, lava beds, Pedregal, Federal District,

Mexico, October 10, 1896 (Calif.; Gray; N. Y.; Phila.; U. S.; U. V.,

2 sheets) ; idem 11509, alt. 7,000 feet, rocky hills near El Salto Station,

State of Hidalgo, Mexico (Gray; U. S.); C. A. Purpus 38, Sunset

Mts., Arizona, May-October, 1902 (U. S.); idem 1552, alt. 8,000-

9,000 feet, barley fields, Ixtaccihuatl, Mexico (Gray); idem 8119,

Flagstaff, Arizona, May-October, 1900 (Calif.; U. S.); J. N. Rose

& W. R. Fitch 17550, vicinity of Raton, New Mexico, September 27,

1913 (U. S.); J. N. Rose & J. H. Painter 7293, Sierra de Guadalupe,

State of Mexic9, Mexico, September, 1903 (N. Y.; U. S.); J. Roth-

rock 639, Sonoita Valley, Arizona, August, 1874 (Gray, 2 sheets;

U. S.); H. H. Rusby 220, hillsides, Mogollon Mts., New Mexico,

August 31, 1881 (N. Y.; Penn.); J. G. Schaffner 201, sandy places

about City of San Luis Potosi, State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico,

August, 1876 (Gray); idem 255, near San Angel, Federal District,

Mexico, September, 1855 (Gray) ; Schiede, Mexico (Gray) ; Josephine

Skehan 110, Gray, New Mexico, August 31, 1898 (Calif.; Gray;

N. Y., 2 sheets; U. S., 2 sheets); F. H. Snow, Hermit's Peak, New

Mexico, August (U. S.); P. C. Standley 5137, alt. about 6,700 feet,

near Pecos, New Mexico, August 20, 1908 (Gray; N. Y.; U. S.);

idem 13794, alt. 2,200-2,900 meters, roadside, vicinity of Ute Park,

New Mexico, August 25, 1916 (U. S.); Mrs. 0. St. John 105, Vermejo

Park, New Mexico, July, 1894 (Gray); G. Thurber 1006, State of

Sonora, Mexico, September, 1851 (Gray, 2 sheets); J. W. Tourney,

Prescott, Arizona, August 27, 1894 (Calif.); Townsend & Barber 213,

alt. 7,500 feet, near Colonia Garcia, Sierra Madre, State of Chihua-

hua, Mexico, August 1, 1899 (Calif.; Gray; N. Y.; U. S.; U. V.);

G. R. Vasey, Kingman, Arizona, 1881 (U. S.); T. E. Wikox, near

Fort Huachuca, Arizona, 1891 (U. S.); idem, Fort Huachuca, Sep-

tember, 1892 (N. Y.) and September, 1893 (N. Y.); idem 399, near

Fort Huachuca, September, 1894 (U. S.); A. Wislizenus 200, plains

and mountains, State of Chihuahua, Mexico, October 5, 1846

(Mo.); N. P. Woodward, wool waste, North Worcester, Massachu-

setts, September 29, 1917 (Gray); E. 0. Wooton, alt. 6,400 feet,

Wingfields Ranch, along Ruidoso Creek, Lincoln County, New

THE GENUS COSMOS 423

Mexico, July 8, 1895 (Gray; N. Y.); idem, Tularosa Creek, Otero

County, New Mexico, August 18, 1899 (N. Y.; U. S.); idem, Willow

Creek, Socorro County, New Mexico, August 8, 1900 (U. S.); idem

21t3, alt. 6,300-7,000 feet, Lincoln County, New Mexico, July 30,

1897 (Calif.; Gray; N. Y.; U. S.; U. V.); idem et P. C. Standley, alt.

about 5,600 feet, Dona Ana County, New Mexico, September 23,

1906 (U. S.);iidem 3554, alt. about 7,400 feet, Lincoln County, New

Mexico, August 25, 1907 (U. S.); C. Wright 1288, State of Sonora,

Mexico, 1851 (Calif.; Gray; U. S.); Mary S. Young, abundant in

moist canyons, Davis Mts., Texas, August, 1914 (Gray); eadem 66,

Mt. Livermore, Davis Mts., August 18, 1914 (Mo.).

Sect. II. Klibea.1 — Herbae verisimiliter omnes annuae. Flores

ligulati rosacei vel flavi. Achaenia yalde obcompressa, alata vel

exalata, superne rostrata, aristata aristis sursum hispidulis. (Numeri

9 et 10.)

9. Cosmos exiguus Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 429. 1887.

Herba annua, erecta, gracillima, glabra, caule saepius filiformi,

simplici vel pauciramoso, 2^6 dm. alto. Folia indivisa, fere filiformia,

lamina ipsa (costa mediana supra vix infra moderatim exorta)

membranacea, margine integra ac saepe obscure revoluta, apice

acuta, 1-4 (ranter -8) cm. longa et plerumque 0.5^1 mm. lata.

Capitula solitaria pedunculos plerumque 1-5 tenuissimos 4-8 cm.

longos terminantia, aegre radiata, pauciflora, pansa ad anthesin

tantum circ. 4-7 mm. lata et 6-8 mm. alta. Involucri praecipue ad

basim hispidi bracteae exteriores circ. 4-6, lato-subulatae, adpressae,

irregulariter 1-4 mm. longae; interferes oblongae, apicem angusta-

tum versus ciliatae, 4-8 mm. longae. Flores ligulati 4-6, purpurei vel

atro-rosacei, minuti, ligula irregulariter truncato-obovati, apice circ.

3-dentati, tubo (ipso circ. 2 mm. longo) incluso tantum circ. 4 mm.

longi; ovario rudimentario demum stramineo et valde filiformi,

supra sparsim erecto-setoso, circ. 5 mm. longo. Achaenia saepius

4-7, tenuissime linearia, obcompressa, unica facie (omnino 2 facie-

bus) circ. 4-sulcata, infra atra et glabrata, supra brunnea et perspicue

erecto-setosa et attenuato-rostrata, corpore 1.2-1.9 cm. longa et

0.6-0.8 mm. lata, apice biaristata aristis tenuissimis, sursum hirtello-

barbellatis, 1.5-3 mm. longis.

Type specimen: Collected by Edward Palmer, No. 559, among

grass and rocks, Rio Blanco near Guadalajara, State of Jalisco,

Mexico, June-October, 1886 (Gray).

Distribution: In western Mexico from the State of Sinaloa south-

eastward to the State of Michoacan.

Specimens examined: C. R. Barnes & W. J. G. Land 296, alt.

5,900 feet, dry hills, road to Santo Domingo Mine, Etzatlan, State of

Jalisco, October 6, 1908 (Chi.); T. S. Brandegee, Cerro Colorado,

lectio nov. Name anagrammatic, alluding to C. Blakei, which is included

here.

424 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Cofradla, vicinity of Culiacdn, State of Sinaloa, November 3, 1904

(Calif.; Gray; U. S.); E. Palmer 559 (type, Gray; cotypes, N. Y.;

Phila.; U. S.; U. V.) ; C. G. Pringle 2492, rocky hills near Guadalajara,

State of Jalisco, October 14, 1889 (Calif.; Field; Gray; Phila.; U. S.;

U. V.); idem 11508, alt. 5,000 feet, eodem loco, September 30, 1903

(Field; Gray; U. S.) ; idem 13037, alt. 6,000 feet, hills above Uruapan,

State of Michoacan, October, 1904 (Field; Gray; U. S.); J. N. Rose

2943, Bolanos, State of Jalisco, September 10-19, 1897 (Gray; U. S.);

idem et J. H. Painter 7475, near Guadalajara, State of Jalisco,

September 30, 1903 (U. S.).

10. Cosmos Blakei Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 82: 334. pi. 22. 1926.

Herba erecta, verisimiliter annua, infra glabra, supra pubescens,

caule obscure tetragono, internodiis longo, tantum moderate rampso,

-f- 5 dm. alto (radice non visa). Folia tenuiter petiolata petiolis

1.5 cm. longis, petiolp adjecto ± 1 dm. longa, bipinnatisecta seg-

mentis linearibus, acriter apiculatis, minute hispidis ac spinuloso-

ciliatis, 0.5-1.5 mm. latis. Capitula ramos terminantia, robuste

pedunculata pedunculis usque ad 1.2 dm. longis, pansa ad anthesin

± 2.5 cm. lata et ± 1 cm. alto. Involucrum pubescens, plus minusve

campanulatum bracteis exterioribus spathulatis et supra saepe late

rotundo-dilatatis, marginibus ciliatis apice aegre mucronatis, 4^-6

mm. longis; interioribus multo majoribus, in sicco perspicue subflavis,

late lanceolatis, ad apicem angustatum saepe minute glandulo-

ciliatis, circ. 1 cm. longis. Flores ligulati circ. 10-^12, flavi, circ.

1.5 cm. Ipngi; oyario lineari, membranaceo, sterili, in sicco nitido-

albescenti, marginibus et supra ad costam medianam erecto-hispido,

corpore circ. 1 cm. longo, apice erecto-hispido et aegre aristato

1-2 aristis tenuibus sursum hispidis ± 0.5 mm. longis. Flores disci

corolla tantum circ. 5 mm. longi, flavi. Achaenia yalde obcompressa

et infra circumambitu (alis latis inclusis) perspicue oblanceolata,

faciebus atro-brunneis glaberrima vel supra et ad costam medianam

erecto-setosa, marginibus straminea et setis spinulosis minute erecto-

ciliata, supra cervicata cervice substraminea erecto-ciliata plerumque

3-7 mm. longa, tota longitudine (usque ad cervicis apicem) 1.4-2.4

cm., latitudine (alis inclusis) 2.7-3.4 mm.; apice erecto-hispida et

biaristata aristis erectis vel parce divergentibus, tenuibus, sursum

hispidis, 1.5-2.5 mm. longis.

Type specimen: Collected by Bernoulli and Cario, No. 1476,

Retalhuleu, Guatemala, January, 1871 (Kew).

Distribution: Known only from type locality of Retalhuleu,

Guatemala.

Specimens examined '.Bernoulli & Cario 1476 (type, Kew; cotype,

Petrop.).

Sect. III. Mesinenia.1 — Herbae perennes, erectae, basi lignes-

centes itaque plus minusve incrassatae. Flores ligulati flavi, rosei,

'Sectio nov. Name anagrammatic, alluding to the widely used name C.

Seemannii, which is found reducible to C. com/oKu*.

THE GENUS COSMOS 425

violacei, etc., numquam albi. Achaenia plerumque tetragona, num-

quam alata, cervicibus raro attenuato-elongatis, apice saepius aris-

tata aristis retrorsum hamosis. (Numeri 11-15.)

11. Cosmos Landii Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 64: 29. 1917; Bidens

Palmeri Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 429. 1887.

Herba perennis, erecta, rigida, infra suffruticosa, prorsus glaber-

rima; caulibus gracilibus, striato-angulatis, 6-10 dm. altis. Folia

petiolata petiolis alato-marginatis circ. 6-14 mm. longis, petiolo

adjecto 3-7 cm. longa, circumambitu late triangulata, pinnatim

5-9-partita, segmentis linearibus, apice acutissimis vel mucronatis,

margine revolutis et non manifesto ciliatis, medio unicostatis costa

infra valde perspicua, basaliter ad rhachidem late alatam decurrenti-

bus, 1-2 mm. latis, inferioribus quandoque irregulariter bi- vel tri-

fidis. Capitula solitaria pedunculos tenues 3-13 dm. longos termi-

nantia, pansa ad anthesin 2.5-3.5 cm. lata et 1-1.5 cm. alta. Involucri

glabri bracteae exteriores 6-8, lineares vel parce lineari-lanceolatae,

superne usque ad apicem acutum sensim angustatae, saepius patentes,

3-5 mm. longae; interferes plus minusve pblongo-lanceolatae, apica-

liter obtusae, 8-10 mm. longae. Flores ligulati circ. 5, aurei, ligula

obovati, apice plerumque 3-dentati dentibus acutis, circ. 1.3-1.7 cm.

longi et 7-9 mm. lati. Achaenia linearia, plus minusve tetragona

angulis rotundatis, atra, unaquaque facierum 1-2-sulcata, nunc

erostrata nunc moderatim rostrata, infra saepius sparsim breviterque

et supra saepius dense perspicueque erecto-setosa, corpore 1-1.4 cm.

longa et 1-1.2 mm. crassa et paleas demum saepius vix superantia,

apice 2^4-aristata aristis parce tenuibus, patentibus, retrorsum

hamosis, usque ad 3 mm. longis.

Type specimen: Collected by Edward Palmer, ATo. 315, very

common on hillsides, Rio Blanco near Guadalajara, State of Jalisco,

Mexico, August, 1886 (Gray).

Distribution: Known only from the State of Jalisco, Mexico.

Specimens examined: C. R. Barnes & W. J. G. Land 164, alt.

5,600 feet, Sierra de San Esteban, State of Jalisco, September 28,

1908 (Field); iidem 167, eodem loco et tempore (Chi.; Field); iidem

189, eodem loco (sed 5,700 pedibus) et tempore (Field); E. Palmer,

Mexico, 1895 (U. S.); idem 315 (type, Gray; cotypes, Phila.; U. S.;

U. V.); idem 3066, between Bolanos and Guadalajara, State of

Jalisco, September 22, 1897 (U. S.); C. G. Pringle 2348, vicinity of

Guadalajara, State of Jalisco, November 2, 1889 (Chi.; Del.; Field;

Gray; Phila.; U. S.; U. V., 2 sheets); idem 11490, alt. 5,000 feet, banks

of ravines, Rio Blanco near Guadalajara, State of Jalisco, October 6,

1903 (Field; Gray; U. S.); J. N. Rose, cult, e sem. in Mexico lectis,

1898 (U. S.).

12. Cosmos Langlassei (Sherff), comb, nov.; Bidens Lang-

lassei Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 64: 24. 1917.

Herba perennis, gracilis, 8-10 dm. alta, parce ramosa; caule

glabra, acute et perspicuissime quadrangulata, basi tumida et lignea.

426 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Folia petiolata petiolis 3-7 mm. longis plus minusve hispido-ciliatis,

petiolo adjecto 2.5-5.5 cm. longa, pariter 2.5-5.5 cm. lata, bi- vel

tripinnata (summa pinnata vel indivisa), supra glabra, margine his-

pidulo-ciliata, infra remotissime hispida, ultimis segmentis linearis-

simis, 0.5-1 mm. latis, integris, acute apiculatis. Capitula tenuiter

pedunculata pedunculis usque ad 11 cm. longis, pansa ad anthesin

2.5-3 cm. lata et 0.8-1.1 cm. alta. Involucrum basi sparsim his-

pidum, bracteis exterioribus 12-16, linearissimis, fere glabris, apicaliter

capillaribus acribusque, 6-7 mm. longis; interioribus linearibus, circ.

3 mm. longis. Flores ligulati circ. 7 vel 8, flavi, ligula anguste

elliptic!, 7-15-striata, ad apicem denticulati, circ. 1.5 cm. longi.

Ovaria (achaeniis maturis non visis) 1-1.3 mm. longa, subplana,

apice annulo 10-15 setulorum coronato.

Type specimen: Collected by E. Langlasse", No. 332, in clay soil

at altitude of 1,200 meters, Le Faixin, southern Mexico, September

8, 1898 (Gray).

Distribution: Known only from type locality of Le Faixin in

southern Mexico.

Specimens examined: E. Langlasse 332 (type, Gray; cotypes,

Kew; U. S.).

A little known species, collected by Langlass£ during his explora-

tion of the states of Guerrero and Michoacan. It was formerly

placed provisionally by me in Bidens until mature achenes could be

found. My thought was that they might prove to be rostrate, in

which case the affinity with Cosmos could be confirmed. Subsequent

studies have shown, however, that certain species or varieties of

undisputed Cosmos material have erostrate achenes (e.g., C. calvus).

Hence the general habit, which is more that of Cosmos than of Bidens,

is here taken as the generic criterion, and a transfer of the species to

Cosmos is considered imperative irrespectively of whether the achenes

shall have been proved to be rostrate or not.

13. Cosmos crithmifolius HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 190

(242). 1820; Cosmea crithmifolia Spreng. Syst. Veg. 3: 615. 1826;

Bidens Sartorii Schz. Bip. in Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald 307. 1852-

57; B. valladolidensis Schz. Bip. in Seemann, loc. cit. 308.

Herba perennis, erecta, maximam partem glaberrima, rigida,

caule basim versus lignescente, alibi herbaceo, (saepe pallido-)

viridi, perspicue 4- vel 6-angulato et plus minusve sulcato, interdum

ramoso ramis erectis vel suberectis, 6-10 dm. alto. Folia petiolata

petiolis alatis 1-2 (-2.8) cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 5^14 cm. longa,

principalia plerumque pinnatim 3-7-partita, segmentis oppositis vel

suboppositis anguste linearibus, integerrimis (vel terminali inferiori-

busque raro bifidis), crassiusculis, infra saepe rubescentibus et ob-

solete adpresso-hispidis, apice acerrimis, margine subrevolutis et

saepe minutissime spinuloso-ciliatis, basi ad rhachidem alatam de-

currentibus, 1-2 (rariter -2.5) mm. latis. Capitula pauca (saepius

THE GENUS COSMOS 427

tantum 1-7), tenuiter pedunculate pedunculis usque ad 1.3 dm.

longis, pansa ad anthesin 3-5 cm. lata et 1-1.8 cm. alta. Involucri

bracteae exteriores 7-12 (raro duabus seriebus imbricatae, primariae)

lanceolato-subulatae, glabrae, apice induratae, circ. 4-6 (vel demum

etiam -10) mm. longae, interiores late oblongae, apice pubescentes et

saepe obtusae, 8-14 mm. longae. Flores ligulati 5 vel 6, rosei vel

purpurascentes, ligula late obovati, apice circ. 3-dentati, 1.5-2.5

cm. longi. Achaenia linearia, atro-brunnea, quadrangulata angulis

rotundatis, unaquaque facierum plerumque 1-sulcata, apicem versus

angustata sed non perspicue rostrata, infra sparsim supra valde

erecto-setosa, cprpore 1.1-1.6 cm. longa et 0.5-1 mm. crassa, apice

3-5-aristata aristis tenuibus usque ad 5.5 mm. longis, retrorsum

hamosis.

Type specimen: Collected by Humboldt and Bonpland, at alti-

tude of 6,000 feet, Valladolid [de Mechoacan] (i.e., Morelia), State

of Michoacan, Mexico, September, 1803 (Par.).

Distribution: In southern Mexico northward to the Territory of

Tepic, the State of Jalisco, and the region of Mt. Orizaba; also

in Guatemala and Honduras.

Specimens examined: Anon.,1 Barranca de Ybarra, near Guad-

alajara, State of Jalisco, September 6, 1892 (Chi.); Andrieux 312,

Mexico, 1833 (Del., 2 sheets) ; Fr. G. Arsene, alt. 2,194 meters, Rancho

Posada, vicinity of Puebla, State of Puebla, September 9, 1909

(U. S.); idem, alt. 2,300 meters, Cerro Azul, vicinity of Azul, near

Morelia, State of Michoacan, November 4, 1909 (U. S.); idem, alt.

2,000 meters, Loma Santa Maria, Morelia, State of Michoacan,

August 15, 1910 (Field); idem, alt. 1,950 meters, eodem loco, Sep-

tember 4, 1910 (U. S.); idem 362, alt. 2,194 meters, Rancho Posada,

vicinity of Puebla, State of Puebla, September 25, 1909 (U. S.);

idem 2937, alt. 1,950 meters, Loma Santa Maria, Morelia, State of

Michoacan, August 15, 1909 (Mo.; U. S.); idem 5863, alt. 1,950

meters, eodem loco, October 28, 1910 (Mo.; N. Y.; U. S.); idem

5938, alt. 1,900 meters, eodem loco, 1910 (U. S.); idem 6740, alt.

2,200 meters, Cerro Azul, vicinity of Morelia, State of Michoacan,

1910 (U. S.); C. Conzatti 712, alt. 7,500 feet, Cerro San Felipe,

State of Oaxaca, September 23, 1895 (Gray); idem 1340, alt. 2,600

meters, Santa Ine*s del Monte, Zimatlan, State of Oaxaca, December

8-9, 1905 (Gray); idem 4162, Cerro San Felipe, August 18, 1921

(U. S.); T. Coulter 383, Mexico (Gray); H. Galeotti 2053, alt. 5,000-

8,000 feet, woods and prairies, Cordillera, State of Oaxaca, January-

April, 1840 (Del.); A. Ghiesbreght, State of Oaxaca, October, 1842

(Del.); idem 105, Mexico (Gray; N. Y.); idem 560, flowering from

July into November, in cold soil, mountain forests and particularly

forests of Pinus, Chiapas, etc. (Gray; Mo.); P. L. Jouy, State of

Jalisco, Mexico, 1892 (U. S.); W.F. von Karwinski, Mexico (Del.);

J. J. Linden, forests of Pinus, State of Chiapas, February, 1840

1 Perhaps Edward Palmer, who collected here or near here in earlier years

(cf. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 396. 1887).

428 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VIII

(Del.); F. Mutter 673, Orizaba, August, 1853 (N. Y.; Petrop.);

E. W. Nelson 1376, alt. 7,500-9,500 feet, 18 miles southwest of city

of Oaxaca, State of Oaxaca, September 10-20, 1894 (U. S.); idem

1436 and 1452, alt. 5,500-7,500 feet, valley of Oaxaca, State of

Oaxaca, September 20, 1894 (U. S.); Parry & Palmer 485, central

Mexico, 1878 (Mo. ; Phila. ; U. S.) ; iidem 485%, eodem loco et tempore

(Field; Gray; Mo., 2 sheets; N. Y.; U. S.); C. G. Pringle 4259, dry

ledges, hills of Patzcuaro, State of Michoacan, October 10, 1892

(Calif., 2 sheets; Chi.; Field; Gray; Mo.; N. Y.; Phila.; U. S.; U. V.);

idem 5062, dry hills, eodem loco, November 24, 1891 (Gray); idem

9887, alt. 5,000 feet, gravelly banks near Guadalajara, State of

Jalisco, August 12, 1902 (Field; Gray; Mo.; N. Y.; U. S.); C. A.

Purpus 9093, Hacienda Monserrate, State of Chiapas, September,

1923 (Calif.; Field; Mo., 2 sheets; N. Y.; U. S.); J. N. Rose 2955,

in the Sierra Madre, west of Bolanos, State of Jalisco, September

15-17, 1897 (Field; Gray; U. S.); idem 3396, in the Sierra Madre,

near Santa Teresa, Territory of Tepic, August 10, 1897 (U. S.);

idem, J. H. Painter & J. S. Rose 9256, Ajusco, Federal District,

Mexico, August, 1905 (N. Y.; U. S.); J. N. Rovirosa 906, alt. 1,500

meters, Hacienda Santa Cruz, State of Chiapas, August 2, 1890

(Phila.); A. E. Salazar 475, common in moist, shady places, Que-

brada de los Chiltes, San Ignacio, State of Sinaloa, August 14, 1918

(U. S.); C. Sartorius, Mirador, State of Vera Cruz (Par.; type of

Bidens Sartorii Schz. Bip.); W. C. Shannon 608, alt. 7,000 feet,

Amatenango, Department of Huehuetenango, Guatemala, December,

1891 (U. S.); C. L. Smith 292, alt. 7,000-8,000 feet, Sierra de San

Felipe, State of Oaxaca, October, 1894 (Mo.; N. Y.; U. S.); P. C.

Standley 56245, alt. 1,080-1,400 meters, forest of Pinus, vicinity of

Siguatepeque, Department of Comayagua, Honduras, February

14-27, 1928 (Field).

14. Cosmos linearifolius (Schz. Bip.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr.

Amer. Bot. 2: 200. 1881; Bidens linearifolia Schz. Bip. in Seemann,

Bot. Voy. Herald 307. 1852-57.

Herba perennis, erecta, glabra, gracilis, caule striato, subtetra-

gono, saepius simplici, circ. 6-9 dm. alto. Folia indivisa, linearia,

crassiuscula, utrinque attenuata, apice acuta, plerumque 7-13 cm.

longa, 2-5 mm. lata, marginibus minutissimo spinuloso-hispida,

costa mediana gracillima et (etiam infra) non valde perspicua.

Capitula pauca (plerumque 1-7), tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis

usque ad 1.5 dm. longis, pansa ad anthesin 2.5-3.2 cm. lata et circ.

1.1-1.4 cm. alta. Involucri glabrati bracteae exteriores 5-7, late

lanceolato-subulatae, supra saepe spinuloso-ciliatae, circ. 3-5 mm.

longae, interiores oblongo-lanceolatae, 4-8 mm. longae. Flores

ligulati 6-9, ligula plus minusve oblongo-oblanceolati, rosacei vel

aegre purpurei, apice circ. 3-dentati, usque ad circ. 1.5 cm. longi.

Achaenia fusiformia, brunnea vel badia, rotundo-tetragona, una-

quaque facierum 1-sulcata, infra sparsim supra valde erecto-setosa,

corpore 1.3-1.8 cm. longa et 1 mm. crassa, supra rostrata, apice

2-3-aristata aristis tenuibus, retrorsum hamosis, 2-3 mm. longis.

THE GENUS COSMOS 429

Type specimen: Collected by Berthold Seemann, No. 2022, in

the Sierra Madre, northwest Mexico, November 25, 1849-February

22, I860.1

Distribution: State of Chihuahua southward into the State of

Michoacan, western Mexico.

Specimens examined: Fr. G. Arsene, Santa Maria, Morelia, State

of Michoacan, August 15, 1910 (Del., 2 sheets); E. A. Goldman 208,

alt. 5,500-6,500 feet, near Batopilas, State of Chihuahua, October

3-5, 1898 (Gray; N. Y.); M. E. Jones, alt. 5,000 feet, Guayanopa

Canyon, State of Chihuahua, September 23, 1903 (Gray; N. Y.);

J. G. Ortega 4447, alt. 300-600 meters, La Bajada Tamazula, State of

Durango, November, 1921 (Gray; U. S.);E. Palmer, southwestern

Chihuahua, August-November, 1885 (U. S.); J. N. Rose 2154, in

the Sierra Madre near Santa Teresa, Territory of Tepic, August 9,

1897 (U. S.); idem 3455, in the Sierra Madre, Territory of Tepic,

August 13, 1897 (U. S.); A. E. Salazar 86, moist, open places, not

abundant, San Ignacio, State of Sinaloa, November, 1917 (U. S.);

B. Seemann 2022 (type material, Kew; Gray); Townsend & Barber

386, near Chuichupa in the Sierra Madre, northwestern Mexico,

August 30, 1899 (Calif.; Gray; N. Y.; U. S.; U. V.).

15. Cosmos carvifolius Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulphur 117. 1844;

Bidens Seemannii Schz. Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 307. 1852-57;

B. carvifolia Schz. Bip. in Seem. loc. cit. 308; Cosmos Seemannii

Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 16. 1883; etiam ex Greenm., loc. cit.

41: 265. 1905; Bidens Seemanii Schz. Bip. ex Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 64:

28. 1917 (sphalm).

Herba perennis, erecta, gracilis, caule subtetragono, striato,

minutissime scabrido-hispido, conferte foliato, plerumque non nisi

summam versus ramoso, 5-8 dm. alto. Folia breviter petiolata peti-

olis moderatim linearibus circ. 4-7 mm. longis, petiolo adjecto 3-6.5

cm. longa, inferne internodia superantia, 1-3-pinnatisecta, segmentis

angustissime linearibus, apice acutissimis, supra costa mediana mar-

ginibusque minutissime et oculis non manifesto spinuloso-hispidis,

tantum circ. 0.2-0.5 mm. latis. Capitula plerumque circ. 3-11,

tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis usque ad 2 dm. longis, pansa ad

anthesin 2.&-4 cm. lata et 0.8-1.5 cm. alta. Involucri glabri bracteae

exteriores circ. 8 vel 9, lineari-subulatae, 5-9 mm. longae, primo

saepe adpressae, interiores late oblongo-lanceolatae, apicaliter obtu-

sae, saepe purpurascentes, 8-11 mm. longae. Flores ligulati 5 vel 6,

purpurei vel rosacei, ligula oblongo-oblanceolati, apice acriter 3-den-

tati, circ. 1.4-2.2 cm. longi. Achaenia plus minusve lineari-fusi-

formia, obtuse tetragona, griseo-brunnea, glabra, unaquaque facierum

'Some difference of opinion exists as to which of Seemann's plants are best

taken as types (cf. Hemsley, Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 4: 132. 1887). In any case,

"the first set of the Panama and Mexican collections is at Kew" (Hemsl., loc. cit.)

and this contains a well-preserved specimen of Seemann 20H. Schultz Bipontinus

perhaps retained a duplicate, or author's type, and this may be looked for in his

private herbarium (Par.).

430 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VIII

1- vel 2-sulcata, apicem versus non longissime rostrata, corpora circ.

1.1-1.4 cm. longa et 1.5-1.8 mm. crassa, apice nunc 4-6- mine

6-8-aristata aristis erectis, retrorsum hamosis, circ. 2-3 mm. longis.

Type specimen: Collected by George Barclay (Sulphur Expedi-

tion), Tepic, Territory of Tepic, Mexico, 1836-42 (Kew).

Distribution: In the Sierra Madre of northwestern Mexico and

southeastward through the territory of Tepic into the State of

Michoacdn, Mexico.1

Specimens examined: Broker Arsene, Cerro San Miguel, Morelia,

State of Michoacan, February, 1909 (Del.; Field; Phila.); G. Barclay

(Voyage of the Sulphur), Tepic, Territory of Tepic, 1836-42 (type,

Kew); Ghiesbreght 264, cold ground, September-October (Gray, 2

sheets); Ynes Mexia 601, common at alt. 1,000 meters, on open hill-

side, road from Tepic to Jalcojotdn, State of Nayarit, September 15,

1926 (U. S.); E. Palmer 1852, Tepic, Territory of Tepic, January

5-February 6, 1892 (Field; N. Y.; U. S.); C. G. Pringle 8845, alt.

5,000 feet, in fields, Uruapan, State of Michoacan, October 8, 1904

(Cam.; Del.; Gray; Mo.; Phila.; U. S.); J. N. Rose 3435, in the Sierra

Madre, near Santa Teresa, Territory of Tepic, August 11, 1897

(Field; U. S.); B. Seemann 2014 (Voyage of the Herald), Sierra

Madre, Mexico (Gray; Kew; type collection of Cosmos Seemannii).

I have already dealt with this species (Bot. Gaz. 88: 303. 1929).

The type is a plant with a somewhat irregular growth habit and with

more than the usual number of branches. Its numerous heads, or,

rather, the ones still remaining, are rather stunted in size. The

achenes are 5-aristate. Palmer 1852, from the type locality, has

many achenes likewise 5-aristate, but a few 6- and some 4-aristate.

The other specimens examined have the achenes commonly 6-8-

aristate, but otherwise differ in no important respects.

Sect. IV. Discopoda (DC.), comb, nov.; pro sect. BidentisDC.

Prodr. 5: 604. 1836. — Herbae perennes, e radicibus tuberiformibus

elongatis fasciculatisque adscendentes vel erectae. Folia caulina vel

basalia. Flores ligulati rarissime albido-rosacei, plerumque rosei,

violacei, lilacini, purpurei vel valde atro-purpurei. Achaenia inferne

attenuata et basi ipsa in areolam orbiculatam obliquamque dilatata,

superne elongato-rostrata, aristis retrorsum hamosis. (Numeri 16-26.)

16. Cosmos Pringlei Robins. & Fern. Proc. Amer. Acad. 44:

623. 1909.

Herba perennis e radicibus tuberiformibus crassiusculis erecta*

6-9 dm. alta; caule subtereti, simplici vel ramoso, griseo-puberulo vel

-pulverulo, praecipue in media parte folioso. Folia petiolata petiolis

alatis 0.5-1.5 (-2.3) cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 3-9 (-13) cm. longa,

1 A specimen by Ghiesbreght, without locality, may have come even from the

State of Chiapas (where Ghiesbreght collected very largely).

THE GENUS COSMOS 431

firmiuscula, ab indivisis lamina ovato-oblonga vel cuneato-rhom-

bpidea supra medium dentata ad formas profunde partitas vel 1-2-

pinnatifidas cum segmentis linearibus, integris, ciliatis, faciebus

glabratis, supra pallido-yiridibus, infra plerumque rubescentibus,

apice obtusis acutisve variantia. Capitula pauca (1-5), pedunculata

pedunculis tenuibus usque ad 3 dm. longis, pansa ad anthesin 6-8

cm. lata et 1.2-1.7 cm. alta. Involucri glabri bracteae exteriores

plerumque 6 vel 7 rarius 8, oblongo-lanceolatae vel interdum lanceo-

lato-subulatae, 5^-8-nervatae, apice induratae, 7-11 mm. longae et

2-4 mm. latae, interioribus lanceolatis vel ovato-lanceolatis saepe

aequales. Flores ligulati plerumque 8, pallide rosacei nee atropur-

purei, ligula obovati, apice rotundato minutissime obsoletissimeque

denticulati, 2-3.5 cm. longi et 1-1.9 cm. lati. Paleae (praesertim

exteriores) lanceolatae ac valde diaphanae, flavido-striatae. Flores

disci superne aurei. Achaenia tenuiter fusiformia, rotundato- tetra-

gona, unaquaque facierum 1-sulcata, glabra vel breviter adpresso-

hispida, subtus atra ac crassiora, supra elongato-rostrata ac saepe

straminea, corpore (rostro incluso) 1.3-2.4 cm. longa, apice aristas

binas arcuato-adscendentes retrorsum barbatas 2.5-5 mm. longas

gerentia.

Type specimen: Collected by C. G. Pringle, No. 1299, on pine

plains at base of the Sierra Madre, State of Chihuahua, Mexico,

September 20, 1887 (Gray, 2 sheets).

Distribution: Along the Sierra Madre of northwestern Mexico,

from northwestern Chihuahua southward into the Territory of Tepic.

Specimens examined: E. W. Nelson 4853, alt. 7,000-7,500 feet,

base of Mt. Mohinora, 8 miles from Guadalupe y Calvo, State of

Chihuahua, August 23r31, 1898 (Gray; U. S.); idem 6097, near

Colonia Garcia in the Sierra Madre, State of Chihuahua, August 25,

1899 (Gray; U. S.) ; C. G. Pringle 1299 (type, Gray, 2 sheets; cotypes,

N. Y., 2 sheets; Phila.; U. S., 2 sheets; U. V.); J. N. Rose 2120,

between Santa Gertrudis and Santa Teresa in the Sierra Madre,

Territory of Tepic, August 8, 1897 (U. S.) ; C. H. T. Townsend &

C. M. Barber 168, alt. 7,500 feet, vicinity of Colonia Garcia in the

Sierra Madre, State of Chihuahua, July 26, 1899 (Del.; Field; Mo.;

N. Y. ; U. S.) ; iidem 438, vicinity of Casas Grandes, State of Chihua-

hua, August 15, 1899 (Calif.; Del.; Field; Gray; Mo.; N. Y.; U. S.;

U. V.); iidem 439, alt. 6,000 feet, near Colonia Garcia in the Sierra

Madre, State of Chihuahua, August 22, 1899 (Mo., 2 sheets; N. Y.;

U. S., 2 sheets).

17. Cosmos Palmeri Robins. Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 623. 1909.

Folia pinnata vel bipinnatifida lobis linearibus.

C. Palmeri sensu stricto.

Folia plerumque indivisa raro subtripartita, marginibus (saepe

irregulariter) dentata var. odontophyllus.

Herba perennis e radicibus 2-5 tuberiformibus graciliter fusi-

formibus elongatis 5-8 mm. crassis erecta, 3-6 dm. alta, caule tereti

432 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VIII

puberulo vel subglabrato, vix ramoso. Folia parce petiolata petiolis

alatis usque ad 8 mm. longis, petiole adjecto 3-5 (-6) cm. Ipnga,

pinnata vel bipinnatifida, lobis linearibus 1-neryiis acutiusculis vel

obtusis margine neryoque saepius breviter hispidulis, crassiusculis,

faciebus (praecipue inferioribus) saepe brunneo-rubescentibus, 0.4-

2.5 cm. longis et 1-3 (-5) mm. latis. Capitula solitaria longe tenui-

terque pedunculata pedunculis 1.5-3.5 dm. longis, pansa ad anthesin

3.5^8 cm. lata et 1.3-1.8 cm. alta. Involucri glabri bracteae exteriores

circ. 8, nunc subdeltoideo-ovatae nunc oblongq-lanceolatae, adscen-

dentes vel saepe reflexae, virides, 6-10-atro-striatae, apice obtusius-

culae ac paulo incrassatae, 4.5-8 mm. longae et 1.5-3 mm. latae;

interiores ovato-oblongae, apice acutiusculae, usque ad 1.5 cm.

longae et 5 mm. latae. Flores ligulati circ. 8, lilacini, ligula elliptic!

vel anguste obovati, apice circ. 3-dentati, 1.5-3.5 cm. longi et 6-17

mm. lati; tubulosi flavi. Achaenia linearia, tenuiter fusiformia,

rotundato-tetragona, grisea brunneave, unaquaque facierum 1-sul-

cata, glabra vel supra costis aegre erecto-setulosa, apice biaristata

aristis rectis 2-3 mm. longis retrorsum hamosis hamis raro solitariis

saepissime 5-12.

Type specimen: Collected by Edward Palmer, No. 388, in

"moist spots on hills and plains" at Otinapa, State of Durango,

Mexico, July 25-August 5, 1906 (Gray).

Distribution: States of Durango and San Luis Potosi, and

perhaps elsewhere, in northern to central Mexico.

Specimens examined: P. I. Garcia 314, State of Durango (U. S.);

E. W. Nelson 4563, near El Salto, State of Durango, July 12, 1898

(U. S.); E. Palmer 388 (type, Gray; cotypes, Mo.; N. Y.; U. S.);

idem et C. C. Parry 483 pro parte, central Mexico, 1878 (Mo.);

J. N. Rose 2355, State of Durango, August 16, 1897 (U. S.); J. G.

Schaffner 200 pro parte, shady places near San Miguelito, State of

San Luis Potosi, September, 1876 (Gray); idem (similiter) 200,

State of San Luis Potosi, 1878 (N. Y.) ; idem 641, eodem loco, October,

1879 (U. S.).

Cosmos Palmeri var. odontophyllus, var. nov. — A specie foliis

plerumque indivisis lamina rhomboideo-obovatis apicem versus

irregulariter dentatis basim versus late cuneatis integrisve differt.

Type specimen: Collected by J. G. Schaffner, No. 200 pro parte,

in shady places near San Miguelito, State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico,

September, 1876 (Gray, cum specie ipsa commixta).

Distribution: Known only from the State of San Luis Potosi,

Mexico.

Specimens examined: C. C. Parry & Edward Palmer 483 pro parte,

central Mexico, 1878 (U. S.); J. G. Schaffner 200 pro parte (type,

Gray); idem (similiter) 200, State of San Luis Potosi, 1878 (N. Y.);

idem (similiter) 200 (641), in mountains at San Miguelito, State of

San Luis Potosi, October, 1879 (N. Y.; U. S., cum specie ipsa

commixta).

THE GENUS COSMOS 433

18. Cosmos montanus, sp. nov.

Folia indivisa vel usque ad tripartita C. montanus sensu stricto.

Folia pinnata foliolis plerumque 2-jugis var. pinnatits.

Herba perennis, e radicibus tuberosis fasciculatisque erecta,

gracilis, simplex vel moderate ramosa caule subangulato striatpque,

glabra, ± &-7 dm. alta. Folia nunc pedatim tripartita, petiolata

petiolis alatis 1-2 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 4-7 cm. longa, nunc

unico latere lobo laterali instructa, nunc indivisa; laminis vel seg-

mentis linearibus vel oblanceolatis vel cuneato-oblanceolatis, mem-

branaceis, minutissime revolutis spinuloso-ciliatisque, integris vel

interdum paucidentatis, apice subacutis, faciebus viridibus vel infra

rubescentibus, unico segmento plerumque 3-6 mm. lato, folii integri

tota lamina etiam 1.5 cm. lata. Capitula pauca, tenuiter pedun-

culata pedunculis 1-2 dm. longis, pansa ad anthesin 3-4 cm. lata et

1.2-1.4 cm. alta. Involucri glabri bracteae exteriores 7-9, lineares,

crassiusculae, 3-5-nervatae, apice subobtusae, 7-10 mm. longae,

quam interiores lanceolatae plerumque parce breviores. Flores

ligulati 6-8, atro-purpurei, ligula obovati, apice integri vel obscure

lobulati, 1.4-1.8 cm. longi et 8-11 mm. lati; tubulosi omnino flavi.

Achaenia fusiformia, linearia, atra, rotundo-tetragona, unaquaque

facierum 1-sulcata, glabra vel apicem versus minute erecto-setosa,

erostrata vel subrostrata, corpore 8-10 mm. longa et 1-1.3 mm. lata,

apice biaristata aristis retrorsum hamosis circ. 2 mm. longis.

Type specimen: Collected by J. N. Rose, No. 3469, in the

Sierra Madre, State of Durango, Mexico, August 13, 1897 (U. S.).

Distribution: In the mountains of the Sierra Madre, State of

Durango, southward to State of Zacatecas and Territory of Tepic,

Mexico.

Specimens examined: J. N. Rose, near San Juan Capistrano, State

of Zacatecas, August 18, 1897 (U. S.) ; idem 3433, in the Sierra Madre,

near Santa Teresa, Territory of Tepic, August, 1897 (Field); idem

3469 (type, U. S.; cotype, Field).

Has been confused in herbaria with Cosmos scabiosoides HBK.,

from which it can readily be distinguished by its different foliar

habit, its entirely yellow disk florets, etc.

Cosmos montanus var. pinnatus, var. nov. — A specie foliis

pinnatis foliolis plerumque 2-jugis differt.

Type specimen: Collected by J. N. Rose, near Santa Teresa, in

the Sierra Madre, Territory of Tepic, Mexico, August 12, 1897

(U. S.).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in Territory of Tepic,

Mexico.

Specimens examined: J. N. Rose, near Santa Teresa, etc. (type,

U. S.).

The type plant is nearly 5 dm. high, and has three slender peduncles

7.5-11 cm. long, one fully expanded flowering head 5.5 cm. wide, the

434 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VIII

apparently 8 rays widely obovate, broadly but obscurely 3-lobed at

apex, the yellow disk flowers not purplish at the top. The leaf

segments are entire, mainly 2-3.5 mm. wide and 1.5-3.5 cm. long,

at the apex indurated and subacute; their midrib stramineous, on

lower surface emergent and conspicuous.

19. Cosmos concolor, sp. nov.

Herba gracilis, perennis, e radicibus paucis tuberiformibus elon-

gatis fasciculatis erecta, caule simplici, tereti, hispidulo, circ. 5 dm.

alto. Folia non numerosa (circ. 4- vel 5-jugis), vix petiolata petiolis

alatis circ. 3-7 mm. longis, petiolo adjecto 3-5 cm. lata, pinnata vel

bipinnatisecta, segmentis primariis linearibus, uninervatis, glabris

vel costa mediana ac marginibus subrevolutis incrassatisque inter-

dum obscure spinuloso-hispidulis, 1.5-2.5 (-3) cm. longis et 1.5-3.5

(-4.2) mm. latis, lateralibus saepius 2-jugis, inferioribus interdum

rursus lobatis. Capitula solitaria tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis

± 2 dm. longis, pansa ad anthesin circ. 3.5-4 cm. lata et 1.2-1.4 cm.

alta. Involucri glabri bracteae exteriores ± 7, oblongo-lanceolatae,

apice purpurascentes induratae subacutaeque, tergo 7-10-nervatae,

circ. 6-7 mm. longae; interiores oblongae, purpurascentes, circ.

8-9 mm. longae. Flores ligulati circ. 8, anguste obovati, atropurpu-

rei, apice saepe acriter bidenticulati, 1.5-2 cm. longi; tubulosi similiter

atropurpurei vel inferne interdum ecolorati. Achaenia immatura

lineari-fusiformia, rotundato-tetragqna, unaquaque facierum 1-sul-

cata, maximam partem glabra, cervice sparsissime setulosa, corpore

circ. 9 mm. longa apice biaristata aristis subrectis retrorsum hamosis

circ. 2 mm. longis.

Type specimen: Collected by J. N. Rose, No. 2353, State of

Durango, Mexico, August 16, 1897 (Gray).

Distribution : Known only from states of Durango and Zacatecas,

Mexico.

Specimens examined: J. N. Rose, in the Sierra Madre, State of

Zacatecas, August 17, 1897 (U. S.); idem 2353 (type, Gray; cotype,

U. S.).

20. Cosmos scabiosoides HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 190 (242).

1820; Cosmea scabiosae Spreng. Syst. 3: 615. 1826; C. scabiosoides

HBK. ex Heynhold, Nom. 223. 1840; Bidens scabiosoides Schz. Bip.

in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 308. 1852-57; Cosmos scabiosoides var.

typicus, infra.

Foliorum pinnatorum vel raro subpinnatorum segmenta ultima ple-

rumque lanceolate- vel ovato-oblonga, saepius integra.

var. oblonga.

Foliorum lamina vel segmenta diversa.

C. scabiosoides sensu stricto (i.e., var. typicus) et f. indivisus.

Herba perennis, erecta, e radicibus tuberosis fasciculatisque,

7-13 dm. alta, caule subtetragono, ramoso, raro glabrato saepissime

THE GENUS COSMOS 435

pubescenti. Folia saepius petiolata pinnatipartitaque, petiolo piano

plus minusve alato-marginato usque ad 1.5 cm. longo adjecto 4-10

cm. longa, firmiuscula, foliolis vel laciniis 3-5, sessilibus, circumam-

bitu diversissimis (nunc sublinearibus, nunc lanceolatis, mine rhom-

boideis, etc.), infra medium cuneato-angustatis et in rhachidem decur-

rentibus, supra medium saepius serratis, ad apicem acutis ac saepius

acuminatis, supra viridibus glabratisque, subtus interdum subru-

bescentibus et praecipue ad nervos hispidis, margine ciliatis; saepe

nonnullis laminis indivisis, nunc lanceolatis nunc lanceolato-ovatis

nunc etiam cuneato-obovatis, integriusculis vel irregulariter serratis.

Capitula usque ad circ. 15, pedunculata pedunculis tenuibus usque

ad 2 (raro -3) dm. longis, pansa ad anthesin 2.5-3.5 cm. lata et

1-1.4 cm. alta. Involucri glabri bracteae exteriores circ. 8, prihio

adpressae, demum patentes, lineari-lanceolatae, virides, circ. 5-7-

striatae striis saepius purpureis, apice parce acuto nitidae induratae-

que, 3-5 mm. longae, quam interiores purpurascentes dimidio

breviores. Flores ligulati circ. 8, atro-purpurei, ligula obovati, apice

rotundato saepius 3-dentati dentibus obtusis, 1-1.5 cm. longi. Paleae

lineares vel lanceolatae, atro-striatae, aliter flavidae. Flores disci

crebri, flavi, glabri; dentibus ovatis, obtusis, purpureis. Achaenia

tenuiter fusiformia, rotundato-tetragona, unaquaque facierum 1-

sulcata, glabra, infra crassiuscula et atra, supra elongato-rostrata ac

brunnescentia, corpore 1.2-2 cm. longa et 0.8-1 mm. lata, apice

biaristata aristis tenuibus retrorsum hamosis, 2.5-3.5 mm. longis,

demum patentibus reflexisve et interdum deciduis.

Type specimen: Collected by Humboldt and Bonpland, at

altitude of 6,780 feet, on the western slope of the Mechoacan

(Michoacan) Mountains, near Pazcuaro (Patzcuaro, Pe"zcuaro), State

of Michoacan, Mexico, September, 1803. J

Distribution: In Mexico, from the states of Michoacan and

Mexico eastward to Mt. Orizaba and southeastward through the

states of Morelos and Puebla even into Chiapas.

Specimens examined: Brother G. Arsfrne, Cerro Azul near Morelia,

State of Michoacan, April, 1909 (Field) ; idem 5517, alt. 2,200 meters,

eodem loco, September 1, 1910 (Field, 2 sheets; Mo.; U. S.); idem

5603 pro parte, alt. 2,500 meters, Dos Teteras (vicinity of Morelia),

State of Michoacan, October 26, 1911 (Mo., cum var. oblonga com-

mixta); idem 10128, alt. 2,330 meters, Cerro Tepoxuchitl, vicinity of

Puebla, State of Puebla, July 11, 1907 (U. S.); E. Bmirgeau 5W,

Santa Fe, Federal District, July 26, 1866 (Gray; N. Y.; U. S.);

idem 2930, Escamella, vicinity of Mt. Orizaba, September 1-2,

1866 (Del., 2 sheets; N. Y.; U. V.); T. Coulter 390, Mexico (Gray;

N. Y.) ; C. A. Ehrenberg 366, Mexico (Gray) ; Mr. & Mrs. J. G. Lemmon

90, valley of Mexico, Federal District, 1905 (Calif., 2 sheets) ;F. M.

Liebmann 617, Chinantla, State of Puebla (Gray; Par., 2 sheets;

U. S.); F. Mutter 1177, Mexico (Par.); idem 1899, Mexico, August,

1 Type is doubtless still preserved in the official Humboldt and Bonpland set

at Paris.

436 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VIII

1853 (N. Y.) ; Brother Nicolas, Guadalupe, State of Puebla, 1910

(Field); idem 5438, alt. 2,330 meters, Cerro Tepoxuchitl, vicinity

of Puebla, State of Puebla, August 20, 1910 (Mo.; U. S.); C. R.

Orcutt 4378, The Park, Morelos, State of Morelos, September 3, 1910

(Mo.); C. C. Parry & E. Palmer 483, Mexico, 1878 (Gray); C. G.

Pringle 3589 pro parte, wooded hills, Patzcuaro, State of Michoacan,

October 23, 1890 (Gray); idem 4263 pro parte, hills of Patzcuaro,

October 11, 1892 (Calif., 2 sheets; Chi.; Field; Gray; N. Y.; Phila.;

U. S.) ; idem 9888, alt. 8,500 feet, hills near Ozumba, State of Mexico,

November 4, 1902 (Field; Gray; N. Y.; U. S.); C. A. Purpus 1551,

alt. 7,000-8,000 feet, hillsides and open woods, Salto de Agua, State

of Chiapas, November, 1905 (Calif.; Field; Gray; N. Y.; U. S.;

U. V., 2 sheets); J. N. Rose & J. H. Painter 6514, near Santa Fe,

Federal District, August 22, 1903 (U. S.); iidem 7994, eodem loco,

October 18, 1903 (U. S.); J. G. Schaffner 3, near Mecameca, Mt.

Popocatapetl, August 18, 1855 (Par.); idem 39, alt. 8,000 feet, near

Guapimalpan, September, 1855 (Gray; Par.).

Coreopsis crassifolia Sesse & Moc. (Fl. Mex. edit. 2: 194. 1894. Nee

alior.), a species from the mountains of Temascaltepec in the State

of Mexico, Mexico, may belong here.

Cosmos scabiosoides var. typicus1 f. indivisus Robinson,

Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 624. 1909.

Folia indivisa integriuscula vel irregulariter serrata lanceolata

vel lanceolato-ovata vel etiam cuneato-obovata.

Type specimen: Collected by C. G. Pringle, No. 4263 pro parte,

hills of Patzcuaro, State of Michoacan, October 11, 1892 (Gray).

Distribution: The states of Michoacan and Jalisco, northward

into the State of Zacatecas and the Territory of Tepic, Mexico.

Specimens examined: Brother G. Arsene, alt. 2,300 meters, Cerro

Azul, vicinity of Morelia, State of Michoacan, September 15, 1909

(U. S.); idem, alt. 2,050 meters, Loma Santa Maria, vicinity of

Morelia, September 17, 1910 (U. S.); C. G. Pringle 4263 pro parte

(type, Gray; cotypes, Field; U. V.); J. N. Rose, in the Sierra Madre,

State of Zacatecas, August 17, 1897 (U. S.) ; idem 2957, in the Sierra

Madre, west of Bolanos, State of Jalisco, September 15-17, 1897

(U. S.); idem 3433, in the Sierra Madre, near Santa Teresa, Territory

of Tepic, August 11, 1897 (U. S.).

A form with a geographic range extending northwestward from

that of the species proper. Plants from Michoacan show so many

foliage intergradations with the species (var. typicus) that the rank

of forma appears best suited to the plants with simple leaves.

Cosmos scabiosoides var. oblongus, var. nov. — A var. typica

foliorum segmentis plerumque lanceolate- vel ovato-oblongis differt.

'Var. nov.

THE GENUS COSMOS 437

Type specimen: Collected by Brother G. Arsene, No. 5794, at

altitude of 2,800 meters, Quinceo (vicinity of Morelia), State of

Michoacan, Mexico, 1910 (U. S.).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in State of Michoa-

cdn, Mexico.

Specimens examined: Brother G* Arsene 5603 pro parte, alt. 2,500

meters, Dos Teteras (vicinity of Morelia), State of Michoacan,

October 26, 1911 (Mo., cum var. typica commixta; U. S.); idem

5794 (type, U. S.; cotype, Mo.).

Has a foliar appearance simulating more or less that of C. Nelsonii.

21. Cosmos purpureus (DC.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Hemsl.

Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 200. 1881; Bidens purpurea DC. Prodr.

5: 604. 1836; B. purpurea var. glabriuscula DC. loc. cit.; Coreopsis

purpurea Moc. & Sess. ex DC. loc. cit.; Cosmos Uhdeanus Kunth

& Bouche" ex Kunth, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 12. 1846 (ex descript.);

Walp. Repert. 6: 721. 1847.

Herba perennis, adscendens vel erecta, e radicibus fasciculatis ac

tuberoso-incrassatis, 0.9-2.5 m. alta, caule subtetragono, sulcato,

purpurascenti, piloso-hirto, subsimplici, ramis glabratis. Folia peti-

olata petiolis vix marginatis 0.5-1.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 5-9

cm. longa et 4-8 cm. lata, circumambitu deltoidea, bipinnatifida

principalium foliolis 2- vel 3-jugis, membranacea, segmentis saepius

ovato-oblongis, apice abrupte acutis et calloso-mucronatis, plerisque

1-2 cm. longis et 5-14 mm. latis, integris vel plus minusve lobatis,

supra viridibus et obscure puberulis subtus nervisque hirto-pilosius-

culis et saepius rubescentibus, minutissime glanduloso-rugosis, mar-

gine scabriusculo-ciliatis, basi cuneato-decurrentibus. Capitula saep-

ius 5-9, tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis usque ad 2 dm. longis, pansa

ad anthesin 3.8-4.3 cm. lata et circ. 1.1-1.5 cm. alta. Involucri

campanulati bracteae exteriores circ. 8, lineares, sursum sensim

attenuata, apice angustae sed non acres, glabrae, 3-5-viridi-nervati,

6-8 mm. Ipngae et 1-1.3 mm. latae; interiores oblongo-lanceolatae,

crebre striatae, margine tenues et plerumque pallidiores quam ex-

teriores manifeste longiores. Flores ligulati circ. 8, ligula obovati,

purpurei vel atro-purpurei, apice integri, 1.&72 cm. longi et 7-9 mm.

lati; tubulosi valde atropurpurei, antheris linearibus atro-brunneis.

Achaenia graciliter fusiformia, glabra, griseo-brunnea, rotundo-

tetragona, unaquaque facierum profunde 1-sulcata, corpore circ. 12-

13 mm. longa et circ. 1.3-1.5 mm. lata, paleas diaphanas apicem versus

purpurascentes vix aequantia, plerumque vix rostrata, aristis 2,

saepe purpurascentibus, tenuibus, retrorsum hamosis, 2-3 mm. longis,

demum saepe caducis.

Type specimen: Collected by J. L. Berlandier, No. 1007, on the

western slopes of the Cordillera de Guchilaque (C. de Guichilaca,

near Cuernavaca, State of Morelos), Mexico, October, 1827 (Del.).

Distribution: From the states of Morelos and Mexico, eastward

to the State of Vera Cruz, southeastern Mexico.

438 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Specimens examined: Adole, State of Vera Cruz, October, 1910

(Field); J. L. Berlandier 985, Cordillera de Guchilaque (near Cuer-

navaca, State of Morelos; Del.); idem 1007 (type and two cotypes,

Del.); idem 1021 pro parte, Cordillera de Guchilaque, October, 1827

(Del., ex num. cotype of Bidens purpurea var. glabriuscula DC.);

idem 1168, Tolucca (Toluca), State of Mexico (Del.); ex Hort.

BeroL, October, 1857 (Par.; sub nom. C. atropurpureo Kunth);

C.G. Pringle 8238, alt. 6,500 feet, growing 3-8 feet tall from tuberous-

thickened, fascicled roots, mountains above Cuernavaca, State of

Morelos, September 30, 1899 (Calif.; Field; Gray; N. Y.; Phila.;

U. S., etc.).

The original materials of Cosmos Uhdeanus Kunth & Bouche" have

not been seen by me,1 but the description is fairly satisfactory and

leaves no doubt as to which of the species of Cosmos was intended.

Robinson (Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 623. 1909) has properly associated

with this name Pringle 8238, a handsome plant liberally represented

in the larger herbaria, and matched, further, by a beautiful specimen

collected more recently by Adole in Vera Cruz.

Bidens purpurea DC. and its var. glabriuscula DC. were founded

respectively upon Berlandier 1007 and Berlandier 1021 pro parte.

These numbers, also Berlandier 985 and 1163, are especially well

represented in the valuable herbarium left by M. E. Moricand (Del.).

Excluding one sheet of No. 1021, which is typical Cosmos scabiosoides

HBK., the rest show various intergradations from small leaves 2-3

cm. long, pinnatisect as described by DeCandolle, to larger leaves

6-8.5 cm. long, definitely bipinnate and matching those of the Pringle

and the Adole plants. Thus C. Uhdeanus Kunth & Bouche^ typified

as it appears to be by Pringle 8238 and by the Adole plant, is found

synonymous with and referable to C. purpureus (DC.) B. & H.2

22. Cosmos Nelsonii Robins. & Fern. Proc. Amer. Acad. 44:

622. 1909.

Herba perennis, e radicibus tuberosis erecta, 6-8 dm. alta;

caule parce subtetragono, subsimplici, glabro, sulcato, sicco stra-

mineo vel purpurascenti. Folia petiolata petiolis alatis 0.5-2 cm.

longis, petiole adjecto 5-8 cm. longa et 4-9 cm. lata, circumambitu

deltoidea, bi- vel tripinnatifida, principalium foliolis 2 vel 3 jugis,

membranacea, segmentis lanceolatis, apice subacutis sed saepius non

1 It is quite probable, however, that the Hortus Berolinensis specimen just

cited had been gathered from the same materials or their direct descendants. It

was formerly in Schultz Bipontinus' private herbarium and its determination

"Cosmos atropurpureus Kunth" is doubtless significant.

2 Bidens purpurea var. glabriuscula DC. was merely a subglabrous variant

as was pointed out by me in a former paper (Bot. Gaz. 80: 382. 1925), and does

not appear to merit segregation, even as a forma.

THE GENUS COSMOS 439

calloso-mucronatis, plerisque 1-2 cm. longis et 3-8 mm. latis, integris

vel 2-3-lobatis, supra olivaceis et vix puberulis, subtus paulo palli-

dioribus et saepe rubescentibus ac mmutissime glanduloso-rugosis,

margine scabriusculo-ciliatis, basi cuneato-decurrentibus, rhachi

glabro gracili vix alato. Capitula circ. 3 vel 4, tenuiter pedunculata

pedunculis usque ad circ. 12 cm. longis, pansa ad anthesin 4-5 cm.

lata et circ. 1.1-1.4 cm. alta. Involucri campanulati bracteae

exteriores circ. 8, lineari-oblongae, glabrae, acutatae, perspicue 5-7-

atronervatae, plerumque 7-9 mm. longae et 1.4-1.8 mm. latae;

interiores anguste oyato-oblongae, crebre striatae margine tenues,

quam exteriores saepius paulo longiores. Flores ligulati 8-10, ligula

elliptici vel oblongi, apice integri vel subdenticulati, rosacei vel

pallide purpurei, 2-2.5 cm. longi et circ. 1 cm. lati; tubulosi flavi;

antheris linearibus brunneo-violaceis. Achaenia submatura graciliter

fusiformia, glabra, brunnea, rotundo-tetragona, unaquaque f acierum

profunde 1-sulcata, corppre circ. 11 mm. longa et circ. 1.8 mm. lata,

erostrata, aristis saepissime 4, stramineis, tenuibus, retrorsum bar-

batis, quarum duae circ. 5 mm. longae aliae multo breviores.

Type specimen: Collected by E. W. Nelson, No. 1176 pro parte,

at altitude of 2,900-3,300 meters, in vicinity of Cerro San Felipe,

State of Oaxaca, Mexico, September 1, 1894 (Gray).

Distribution: Known only from the State of Oaxaca, Mexico.

Specimens examined: E. W. Nelson 1176 pro parte (type, Gray);

idem 1363, alt. 7,000-9,500 feet, 18 miles southwest of City of Oaxaca,

September 10-20, 1894 (Field; U. S.); idem 1363 a, eodem loco et

tempore (Gray; U. S.); idem 1449, alt. 5,550-7,500 feet, valley of

Oaxaca, September 20, 1894 (Gray; U. S.).

23. Cosmos peucedanifolius Wedd. Chlor. And. 1: 70. 1855;

Bidens peucedanifolia O. Ktze. and vars. bipinnatisecta 0. Ktze.

and soratensis 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. 32: 137. 1898.

Folia saepius bipinnatisecta.

Foliorum segmenta (saepe anguste) linearia vel lineari-spathu-

lata C. peucedanifolius sensu stricto.

Foliorum segmenta plerumque lanceolata vel ovata.

var. tiraquensis.

Folia integra vel parce pinnata var. cochabambensis.

Herba perennis, e radicibus tuberif omnibus, erecta vel adscendens,

simplex vel ramosa 1.5-5 dm. alta, caule ramisque sulcatis et teretibus

vel interdum parce angulatis, glabris vel pilis sparsissimis instructis.

Folia tenuiter petiolata petiolis planis vix marginatis 1.5-5 cm. longis,

petiolo adjecto &-14 cm. longa, saepius bipinnatisecta, segmentis

primariis 2-3-jugis oppositis, ultimis (saepe anguste) linearibus vel

Jineari-spathulatis, membranaceis, glabris pubescentibusve, integris,

subrevolutis, apice acutis, plerumque 2-5 mm. latis, terminali lon-

giore. Capitula solitaria, pedunculata pedunculis tenuibus glaberri-

440 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VIII

mis 1-3 dm. longis, pansa ad anthesin 4.5-7.5 cm. lata et 1.2-2 cm.

alta. Involucri campanulati bracteae exteriores plerumque 7 yel 8,

lanceolatae vel obovato-oblongae, glabrae, circ. 8-14-atro-striatae,

supra acuminatae acumine angusto obtusiusculo, 8^-15 mm. longae;

interiores ovatae vel ovatp-lanceolatae, quam exteriores mine paulo

breviores nunc paulo longiores. Flores ligulati plerumque 8, intense

rosacei vel purpurascentes, ligula anguste vel sublate obovati, apice

obtuso subdentati, 2-3.8 cm. longi et 1-1.9 cm. lati; tubulosi flavidi,

antheris nigris, polline sulphureo- (non aurantiaco-) flavo; paleis

interdum nematoideis. Achaenia anguste fusiformia, rotundo-tetra-

gona, unaquaque facierum 1-sulcata, brunnea vel brunneo-atra,

glabrata, superne rostrata, corpore circ. 1.5-2 cm. longa et circ.

1 mm. crassa, apice 2-3-aristata aristis retrorsum hamosis 0.5-1.5

mm. longis.

Type specimen: Collected by H. A. Weddell, No. 3737, in high,

grassy places of Mt. Curi, Province of Tomina, Department of

Chuquisaca, Bolivia, December, 1845-January, 1846 (Par.).

Distribution: In the Andes from southern Bolivia northwestward

into Peru.

Specimens examined: M. Bang 1302, vicinity of Sorata, Bolivia,

May, 1892 (Gray; Mo.; N. Y.; Phila.; U. S.; U. V.; type collection

of Bidens peucedanifolia var. soratensis 0. Ktze.); 0. Buchtien 611,

alt. 3,200 meters, mountain slopes, Unduavi, northern Yungas,

Bolivia, February, 1915 (Field; U. S.); Cardenas 7 special, Cocha-

bamba, Bolivia, 1922 (U. S.); K. Fiebrig 2966, alt. 3,300 meters,

Patanca, southern Bolivia, February 1, 1904 (Gray); 0. Kuntze,

alt. 3,000 meters, Rio Juntas, B9livia, April, 1892 (N. Y.; cited by

Kuntze for his Bidens peucedanifolia var. bipinnatisecta) ; idem, alt.

3,400 meters, Tunari, Bolivia, May 4, 1892 (Mo.; N. Y.; Kuntze's

first cited specimen of his var. bipinnatisecta); H. H. Rusby 1682

pro parte, alt. 10,000 feet, Sorata, Bolivia, February, 1886 (Mo.;

N. Y.); C. H. T. Townsend 1507, Pachicayo, Peru, March 27, 1913

(U. S.); H. A. WeddeU 3737 (type, Par.).

In the past, several students of South American Compositae have

regarded Cosmos diversifolius Otto, a species originally described

from material which clearly was Mexican, as extending from Mexico

into Peru and Bolivia. A comparative examination of many speci-

mens from northwestern South America and from Mexico shows,

however, that the former, while differing among themselves con-

siderably, are fairly well marked and can usually be distinguished

from C. diversifolius without much difficulty.

Weddell (loc. cit.) was the first to segregate the South American

material. He described three species, C. integrifolius, C. peucedani-

folius, and C. subpubescens. The first and last of these are treated

in the immediately following pages (pp. 441 and 442). His C. peuce-

danifolius, from Bolivia, may best be recognized by the narrowly

THE GENUS COSMOS 441

linear leaf segments: "foliis profunde pinnatisectis, lobis utrinque 2

anguste linearibus elongatis integris, terminali caeteris fere duplo

longiore. . . ." (Wedd. loc. cit.). Otto Kuntze's vars. bipinnatisectus

and soratensis are represented by good specimens still extant (Berl.;

N. Y., etc.) and are seen to belong here, differing only in the here

unimportant matter of the degree of leaf dissection.

Cosmos peucedanifolius var. cochabambensis (0. Ktze.)

Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 88: 307. 1929;Bidens peucedanifolia var. cochabam-

bensis 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. 32: 137. 1898; Cosmos integrifolius Wedd.

Chlor.And. 1:70. 1855.

A specie foliis integris vel parce pinnatis, laminis segmentisve

lineari-lanceolatis vel saepe anguste oblanceolatis differt.

Type specimen: Collected by Miguel Bang, No. 1021, vicinity of

Cochabamba, Bolivia, 1891 (N. Y.).

Distribution: Andes region, Bolivia.

Specimens examined: M. Bang 1021 (type, N. Y. ; cotypes, Gray;

Mo.; Phila.; U. S.); H. A. Weddett 3663, Province of Acero, Depart-

ment of Chuquisaca, Bolivia, November and December, 1845 (Par.,

type of Cosmos integrifolius Wedd.).

C. integrifolius apparently was segregated from C. peucedanifolius

mainly because of the leaf characters: "foliis lineari-lanceolatis,

decimetralibus, integerrimis rariusve lobo lineari ad unum alterumve

latus vel utrinque instructis. . . ." (Wedd. loc. cit.). The type collec-

tion of Kuntze's var. cochabambensis (Bang 1021} shows a slight

tendency toward greater division of the leaves than described by

Weddell (but not as found on his type specimens) yet otherwise

agrees with his description of C. integrifolius. Kuntze's interpreta-

tion of this form, as representing a variety, is apparently nearer

the truth than was Weddell's.1

Cosmos peucedanifolius var. tiraquensis (0. Ktze.) Sherff,

Bot. Gaz. 88: 307. 1929; C. subpubescens Wedd. Chlor. And. 1: 70.

1855; C. pulcherrimus Schz. Bip. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 12: 79. 1865

(nomen subnudum); Bidens pulcherrima Schz. Bip. Linnaea 36:

528. 1865-66 (nomen subnudum) ; Cosmos marginatus Klatt, Abhandl.

1 Weddell's type sheet of C. integrifolius has two specimens, one about 5 dm.

and the other about 8 dm. Both are simple below and only slightly branched above.

The larger plant's longest peduncle is about 4 dm. long, with a small, oblong-

lanceolate leaf (bract) 2 cm. long and 5.5 mm. wide, attached 4 cm. below the

head. Both plants have most of the leaves elongate-linear or very narrowly

lanceolate, 10-15 cm. long, the blades gradually narrowed below into a winged

petiole. Several blades, however, are irregularly 2-3-furcate or incised with 1-3

elongate teeth or lobes, these reaching even 5 cm. in length and decurrent below

into a widely alate petiole.

442 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Naturf. Ges. Halle 15: 328. 1882; Bidens peucedanifolia var. tiraquen-

sis O. Ktze. Rev. Gen. 32: 137. 1898.

A specie foliorum segmentis principalibus plerumque lanceolatis

vel ovatis differt.

Type specimen: Collected by Otto Kuntze, at altitude of 4,000

meters, Tiraqui, Bolivia, April 1-4, 1892 (N. Y.).

Distribution: Southern Bolivia northwestward to central Peru.

Specimens examined: Mrs. A. F. Bandelier 18, alt. 12,500 feet,

Is. Titicaca, Lake Titicaca, Bolivia, 1905 (N. Y.; nomen incolarum

aymaranarum, Panti-Panti) ; 0. Buchtien 3074, alt. 3,840 meters,

Isla del Sol, Lake Titicaca, Bolivia, March, 1910 (Field; N. Y.;

U. S.) ; K. Fiebrig 2822, alt. 3,000 meters, Pinos near Tarija, southern

Bolivia, January 22, 1904 (Del.; Field; Mo.); CL Gay, Department

of Cuzco, Peru, October, 1839-February, 1840 (Par. ; type of Cosmos

subpubescens Wedd.) ; F. L. Herrera, alt. 3,000-3,600 meters, Cuzco,

Peru, July, 1923 (U. S.); idem 1025, alt. 3,700 meters, Hacienda

Churu, Province of Paucartambo, Department of Cuzco, Peru,

January (e pittacio lectoris ipsius), 1926 (Field; Gray, 2 sheets;

Mo.; N. Y.; U. S.; nom. vulgare, Panti) ; 0. Kuntze, alt. 4,000 meters,

Tiraqui, Bolivia, April 1-4, 1892 (type, N. Y.); G. Mandon 54, alt.

2,650-3,000 meters, in uncultivated places, thickets, etc., vicinity of

Sorata, along road to Lucatia, Bolivia, February-March, 1858

(Del., 3 sheets; N. Y.); idem (similiter) 54, alt. 2,800-3,000 meters,

in thickets everywhere, vicinity of Sorata, January-March, 1859

(Del.; Gray; N. Y.) ; A. Mathews, Province of Chachapoyas, northern

Peru (Gray, 2 sheets; type material of C. marginatus Klatt); H. H.

Rusby 1682 pro parte, alt. 10,000 feet, Sorata, Bolivia, February,

1886 (Gray; N. Y., cum specie ipsa; Phila.; U. S.); A. Weberbauer

6S81, Peru, 1909-1914 (Field); idem 7597, alt. 3,600 meters, on grass

steppe with scattering shrubs, Yanahuajra Valley, Province of

Huanta, Department of Ayacucho, Peru, March 18, 1926 (Field).

Weddell's C. subpubescens was based on a plant by Gay from the

Province of Cuzco, Peru. A careful reading of his description shows

that here again the leaves were the chief basis of distinction: "foliis

pinnatisectis, lobis utrinque 2-3 lanceolatis integris vel pauci-dentatis

mucronatis. . . ." There have come from Cuzco and the adjacent

region many specimens which match Weddell's description fairly

well, also his type at Paris. One collection was that by A. Mathews

from the Province of Chachapoyas, Peru. This was the basis of

Cosmos marginatus Klatt. Two others, by G. Mandon and both

under his No. 54, were from the vicinity of Sorata, Bolivia, and were

the basis of the names (sine descript.) Cosmos pukherrimus Schz.

Bip. and Bidens pukherrima Schz. Bip. Another was by Otto

Kuntze from Tiraqui, Bolivia. This was the basis of Bidens peuce-

danifolia var. tiraguensis. It is through this form, which can not be

regarded as of higher than varietal rank, that C. peucedanifolius

THE GENUS COSMOS 443

makes its nearest approach to low and rather dwarf forms of C.

diversifolius Otto.

24. Cosmos "diversifolius Otto in Knowles & Westcott, Flor.

Cab. 2: 3. pi. tf. 1838; C. reptans Benth. PI. Hartweg. 40. 1839;

Dahlia repens Hartweg ex Benth. loc. cit. ; Cosmea diversifolia Hort.

ex Heynhold, Nomencl. 222. 1840; Bidens diversifolia Schz. Bip.

in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 308. 1852-57 (cf. Ortgies in Regel,

Gartenfl. 408. 1861); B. reptans Schz. Bip. loc. cit.; 5. dahlioides

Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 142. 1891 (cf. Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 56:

494. 1913).

Caules inferne foliolati; capitulis ad anthesin 4-7 cm. latis; radiis vel

rosaceis vel violaceis vel lilacinis; achaeniorum corpore ple-

rumque 1-2 cm. longo C. diversifolius sensu stricto.

Caules scaposi; capitulis ad anthesin circ. 4 cm. latis; radiis subal-

bidis et parce violaceis; achaeniorum corpore 6-10 mm. longo.

var. pumilus.

Herba erecta vel adscendens, e radicibus fasciculatis tuberosisque,

3-9 dm. alta, caule simplici vel ramosp, subtereti, saepius glabro

rarius piloso. Folia alato-petiolata petiolis 2-9 cm. Ipngis, petiolo

adjecto 4-15 cm. longa, membranacea vel raro crassiuscula; nunc

simplicia spathulataque, lamina 1.5^-2 (-3.5) cm. lata, inferne in

petiolum sensim angustata; nunc pinnatisecta segmentis cuneato-

lanceolatis vel plus minusve ovatis, faciebus glabratis, margine cili-

atis, apice acuto vel pbtuso saepe mucronatis, 0.5-1.5 (-2.5) cm.

latis. Capitula solitaria, longe perspicueque pedunculata pedunculis

2-3 vel etiam -4 dm. longis, pansa ad anthesin 4-7 cm. lata et circ.

1-1.6 cm. alta. Involucri glabri bracteae exteriores circ. 8, late ob-

longo-lanceolatae vel oblanceolatae, perspicue atro-striatae, apice

saepe nitidae et induratae, 8-^12 mm. longae; interferes latipres,

parce longiores. Flores ligulati 8 (-10) vel rosacei vel violacei vel

lilacini, ligula oblanceolati vel etiam obovati, apice integemmi vel

obscure denticulati, 2-3.5 cm. longi et 0.9-1.6 cm. lati; tubulosi

lutei. Achaenia fusiformia, obcompresso-tetragona, plus minusve

sulcata, atrobrunnea vel badia, glabra vel tuberculato-scabrida,

superne sensim angustata vel etiam rostrata, corpore (0.7-) 1-2 cm.

longa et circ. 1.1-1.9 mm. crassa, irregulariter 2-4 (-6) -aristata

aristis tenuibus, retrorsum hamosis, usque ad 3.5 mm. longis.

Type specimen: Cultivated in the Berlin Botanical Garden in

1835, doubtless from Mexican material, and sent by Friedrich Otto

to the Birmingham Botanical Garden, Birmingham, England. Repre-

sented by the type plate (Knowles and Westcott, loc. cit.).

Distribution: In southern Mexico from the states of San Luis

Potosi and Michoacdn southeastward through the states of Oaxaca

and Chiapas.

Specimens examined: Arsene, ditches, Morelia, State of Michoa-

can, May, 1909 (Del.); C. Conzatti & V. Gonzalez 898, alt. 2,640

444 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VIII

meters, summit of Cerro La Carbonera, State of Oaxaca, August,

1897 (Gray); T. Coutier 386, Mexico (Gray); A. Ghiesbreght 532,

flowering from July to end of October, State of Chiapas, 1864-70

(Field; Gray, 3 sheets; Mo.); T. Hartweg 310, in pine forests, Angan-

gueo, State of Michoacan, 1837 (Del.; type collection of Cosmos

reptans Benth.); ex Hort. Berol, 1833 (Mo.) and 1839 (Gray);

E. W. Nelson 745, alt. 5,500-7,000 feet, vicinity of Totontepec, State

of Oaxaca, July 15-20, 1894 (U. S.); idem 771, eodem loco et tempore

(U. S.);E. Palmer 105, Alvarez, State of San Luis Potosi, September

5-10, 1902 (Gray; Mo.; N. Y.; U. S.); idem 210 pro parte, eodem loco,

September 28-October 3, 1902 (Mo., etc.); idem 212, eodem loco et

tempore (Field; Gray; N. Y.; U. S.); idem 213, eodem loco et tempore

(Field; Gray; Mo.; N. Y.; U. S.); idem et C. C. Parry 481, central

Mexico, 1878 (Field; Gray; Mo.; Phila.; U. S.); iidem 48iy2 pro

parte, eodem loco et tempore (Mo., etc.); C. G. Pringle 3168, hills,

Flor de Maria, State of Mexico, September 3, 1890 (Field; Gray;

type collection of Bidens dahlioides Wats.); idem 3168a, alt. 8,300

feet, grassy slopes, Flor de Maria, State of Mexico, September 2,

1892 (Field; Mo.; N. Y.); idem 4777, alt. 7,500 feet, Cuesta de San

Juan del Estado, State of Oaxaca, August 2, 1894 (Cam.; Del., 2

sheets; Gray; Mo.; Phila.; U. S.; U. V.); H. E. Seaton 356, alt. 8,000

feet, Esperanza, Mt. Orizaba, August 15, 1891 (Chi.; Gray; U. S.);

E. & C. Seler 814, Cerro de Buena Vista, June, 1888 (N. Y.); L. C.

Smith 539, alt. 7,500 feet, Mt. Telixtlahuaca, State of Oaxaca, July

27, 1895 (Gray).

A species with great diversity of foliage and growth habit. A

tendency toward chiefly basal foliage is noticeable but the variation

toward chiefly cauline leaves is too frequent to permit of using this

character in diagnosis. Herbarium specimens usually show the rays

a faded-rose or lilac color; sometimes they are a rather intense

purplish-red, but never a black-purple or atrosanguineous color as

in the smaller-headed C. atrosanguineus. Usually the achenes are

2-aristate, much less often 3-aristate, and very rarely (Pringle 4777)

even 4-6-aristate.

The garden var. superbus (Hort. ex Mill, in Bailey, Stand. Cyclop.

Hortic. edit. 2. 2: 862. 1914) is unknown to me.

Cosmos diversifolius var. pumilus Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 88: 305.

1929.— Herba pumila, 3-4 dm. alta, fpliis basalibus, pedunculis

scaposis, capitulis ad anthesin tantum circ. 4 cm. latis, radiis sub-

albidis et parce violaceis, achaeniis atris erpstratis corpore tantum

£-10 mm. longis et 0.7-1 mm. crassis, apice plerumque 2- (raro

usque ad 4-) aristatis aristis tantum circ. 1-1.5 mm. longis.

Type specimen : Collected by C. A. Purpus, No. 3029, in meadows,

Boca del Monte, State of Puebla, Mexico, September, 1908 (Field).

Distribution: Known only from the type locality in the State of

Puebla, Mexico.

THE GENUS COSMOS 445

Specimens examined: C. A. Pur pus S029 (type, Field; cotypes,

Mo.;N. Y.;U. S.).

25. Cosmos Schaffneri, sp. nov.

Herba perennis, gracilis, e radicibus tuberosis fasciculatisque

erecta, infra foliosa supra subnuda, caule vix ramoso inferne pubes-

centi superne subglabrato, circ. 4-6 dm. alto. Folia petiolata petiolis

tenuibus ranter subalatis 3-6 cm. longis et maximam partem tantum

0.7-1 mm. latis, petiolo adjecto usque ad 12 cm. longa, bipinnati-

secta, rubro-brunnea, foliplis membranaceis, subrevolutis, obsoletis-

sime spinuloso-ciliatis, alibi glabris, eorum lobo terminali vel seg-

mento principal! nunc rhomboidep-lanceolato nunc deltoideo-ovato

nunc rhomboideo-lanceolato omnino saepius 4-7-dentato dentibus

subito sed non perspicue indurato-apiculatis; lateralibus 2 jugis

saepe petiolulatis petiolulis tenuibus usque ad 6 mm. longis, inferne

1-2-lobatis lobo lanceolate vel ovato, 2-3 cm. longis, foliolo terminali

paulo majore. Capitula tenuissime pedunculata pedunculis usque

ad 3 dm. longis, solitaria vel pauca, pansa ad anthesin circ. 3 cm.

lata et circ. 1 cm. alta (unicum florescens capitulum visum). Invo-

lucri glabri bracteae exteriores 7-9, adpressae, lineares, 5-7-nigro-ner-

vatae, apice subacutae, ± 5 mm. longae, interiores lanceolatae

± 7 mm. longae. Flores ligulati (yerisimiliter circ. 8) roseo-purpurei,

ligula oblanceolati (tantum 4 visi), apice acriter circ. 3-denticulati,

1.2-1.6 cm. longi; tubulosi omnino purpurei. Achaenia non visa.

Type specimen: Collected by J. G. Schaffner, No. 229, in the

valley of Mexico, southern Mexico (Gray).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in valley of Mexico,

southern Mexico.

Specimens examined: J. G. Schaffner 229 (type, Gray; cotype,

Kew, cui commun. Julio, 1878).

Nearest to C. diversifolius Otto, from which it differs in its more

delicate habit, the differently shaped leaves, the smaller flowering

heads with their linear (not lanceolate) exterior involucral bracts, etc.

26. Cosmos atrosanguineus (Hook.) Ortg. in Hemsl., Biol.

Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 199. 1881; C. diversifolius var. atrosanguineus

Hook, in Curtis's Bot. Mag. 87: pi. 5227. 1861;Bidens atrosanguinea

Ortg. in Regel's Gartenflora 10: 406. pi. 8^7. 1861; Dahlia zimapani

Roezl ex Ortg. loc. cit.; cf. Vilmorin, Fl. PI. Terre edit. 2: 269. 1866.

Herba perennis, e radicibus tuberosis fasciculatisque adscendens

vel erecta, plerumque tantum ad basim ramosa, 4-6 dm. alta, caule

sulcato et saepe hinc inde puberulo. Folia longe petiolata petiolis

alato-marginatis plerumque glabratis 3-8 dm. longis, petiolo adjecto

7-15 cm. Tonga, saepe pauca integra ac spathulata vel 1 vel 2 lobis

lateralibus instructa, principalia pinnata foliolis rhomboideo-ovatis

et basi cuneato-decurrentibus, integerrimis vel remote serratis, mem-

branaceis, supra viridibus subtus pallidioribus, pilis adpressis et non

numerosis inconspicue hispidis, margine levibus vel vix spinuloso-

446 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VIII

ciliatis, lateralibus 1-3 jugis 2-5 cm. longis, terminali basi saepe

irregulariter 1 vel 2 lobis lateraliter instructo. Capitula solitaria

longissime pedunculata pedunculis tenuibus usque ad 3.5 dm. longis,

pansa ad anthesin circ. 3.7-4.2 cm. lata et circ. 1.4-1.6 cm. alta.

Involucri campanulati bracteae exteriores circ. 8, adpressae vel

demum subreflexae, lanceolatae vel ovato-lanceolatae, apice sub-

acuto parce induratae, tergo marginibusque glabrae, 7-15-nerviae,

8-10 mm. longae; interferes lanceolato-ovatae vel (saepe late) oyatae,

apice saepius coloratae, 10-13 mm. longae. Flores ligulati circ. 8,

ligula anguste obovati, profunde perspicueque atrosanguinei, apice

subtruncato plus minusve denticulati, 1.5^-1.9 cm. longi; tubulosi

supra atrosanguinei, antheris brunneis, polline perspicue aurantiaco;

paleis linearibus, apice acutis atrosanguineisque. Achaenia tenuiter

fusifonnia, infra medium latissima, supra sensim elongato-rostrata,

rotundo-tetragona, unaquaque facierum 1- (raro 2-) sulcata, glabra,

brunneo-grisea vel nigrescentia, corpore 1.3-2 cm. longa, 1-1.5 mm.

crassa, apice 2-3- (fide Ortgiesii etiam 4-) aristata, aristis tenuibus,

retrorsum hamosis, saepe rubescentibus, duabus principalibus circ.

4-4.5 mm. longis, aliis multo brevioribus.

Type specimen: Hooker's material was raised from seeds sent a

"Mr. Thompson, of Ipswich, from Mexico." Specimens should be

at Kew. There is little doubt, however, that Mr. Thompson had

received his seeds from the same source as had Ortgies. The latter

was head gardener at the Botanical Garden of Zurich and cultivated

this same rare (and up to that time unknown) form in Zurich con-

temporaneously with Hooker's cultures. Ortgies stated that his seed

had been collected by Roezl near Zimapan, State of Hidalgo, Mexico.

Distribution: In east-central Mexico from the State of San Luis

Potosi southeastward to the State of Hidalgo.

Specimens examined: Cult, e sem. mexicanis a Thompsonio missis

(Kew); Hortus Berolinensis, July 15, 1863 (Par.); Hortus Canta-

brigensis, cult, anno 1871 (Gray; N. Y.); Hort. Vindobonensis, cult,

(e sem. Hort. Turic. anno 1867), August, 1868 (Mus. V.; U. V.);

E. Palmer 210 pro parte, Alvarez, State of San Luis Potosi, September

28-October 3, 1902 (U. S.); idem et C. C. Parry I>8iy2 pro parte,

central Mexico, 1878 (Mo.); E. E. Sherff 5010, cult, in Hort. Canta-

brig., August 12, 1929 (Berl.; Field; Kew).

At Harvard University Botanical Garden (Hort. Cantabrig.) this

somewhat bizarre-looking species has been cultivated for more than

half a century. The plants there show no tendency to approach in

floral or achenial characters Cosmos diversifolius Otto, as a variety

of which Hooker treated this species. Asa Gray had labeled the

original sheet of the Harvard material (Gray) "C. diversifolius."1

Neither Hooker nor Gray seems to have appreciated the diagnostic

importance of smaller flowering heads with dark purple or atrosan-

1 Formerly I followed Gray's treatment and hence, "in several European

herbaria, unfortunately reduced specimens of C. atrosanguineus to C. diversifolius.

THE GENUS COSMOS 447

guineous florets. This diagnostic importance was recognized by

Robinson and Fernald, however, when, in 1909, they distinguished

(Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 624) their new Cosmos Pringlei "by its larger

and much paler rays, yellow disk-flowers ..." from C. scabiosoides

HBK.1

SPECIES EXCLUSAE

Cosmos chrysanthemifolius HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 188 (239).

pi. 382. 1820. =Bidens chrysanthemifolia (HBK.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz.

61: 501. 1916.

Cosmos chrysanthemoides HBK. ex Schz. Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy.

Herald 308. 1852-57. =Bidens chrysanthemifolia (HBK.) Sherff,

loc. cit.

Cosmos luteus Curt. Bot. Mag. 41: pi. 1689. 1815. =Bidens

serrulata (Poir.) Desf. Cat. Hort. Par. edit. 3. 186. 1829.

Cosmos multicaulis D. Don ex Seem. Fl. Vit. 144. 1865-73.

= Glossogyne tenuifolia (La Bill.) Cass. Diet. Nat. Sc. 51: 475. 1827.

Cosmos pilosus HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 189 (241). 1820.

=Bidens pilosa var. calcicola (Greenm.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 80: 377.

1925.

Cosmos pinnatus Jacq. ex Steud. Nom. edit. 2. 1: 426. 1840.

=Coreopsis coronata fide Steud. loc. cit.2

Cosmos roseus Mart, ex Steud. loc. cit. (nomen nudum).

Cosmos tenellus HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 188 (240). 1820.

= Bid ens pilosa var. bimucronata f. odorata (Cav.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz

81:41. 1926.

irThe fact that Palmer 210 and Parry & Palmer ^Sl^each include both

C. atrosanguineus and C. diversifolius must be explained as a case of intermixed

rather than of intergrading specimens.

2 From Steudel's omission of the authorship of Coreopsis coronata, it must be

understood that he had in mind the C. coronata Hook, (nee Linn., Bert., Walt.,

etc.), which alone he retained as valid under Coreopsis (loc. cit. 420).

INDEX

Current names in roman, synonyms in italic, new names in bold-faced type.

Abatia mexicana 318

parviflpra 318

Abilgardia monostachya 266

pubescens 266

Abutilon Gaumeri 24

sphaerostaminum 24

Acacia Farnesiana 90

huarango 90

macracantha 90

tortuosa 90

Acalypha chlorocardia 18

Acanthaceae 44, 150

Achirnenes Calderonii 150

Achyranthes cordobensis 10

megaphylla 9

panamenfds 9

stenophylla 9

Acnistus aggregatus 107

arborescens 107

dolichostylus 108, 109

multi floras 109

umbellatus 109

Acoelorhaphe Wrightii 4

Acutifoliae 5

Adenocalymna heterophyllum 49

Adenolepis calva 405

Adesmia arborea 100

August! 100

erinacea 100

Godoyae 100

leucopogon 100

senticola 100

spinosissima 100

Aerva scandens f. sanguinea 10

Aeschynomene interrupta 101

Martii 101

platycarpa 101

tumbezensis 101

Agrostis purpurascens 302

Alibertia edulis 354

Gardneri 354

rigida 355

stenantha 170

Allionia aggregate, 305

albida 305

Carletoni 305

Choisyi 310

ciliata 306

coahuilensis 305

coccinea 305

comata 306

corymbosa 10, 304

cristata 10, 310

dedpiens 11, 305

exaltata 305

gausapoides 11, 305

Allionia glabra 10, SOlt, 310

grandiflora 307

Grayana 11, 306

hirsuta 305

incarnata var. glabra 10, 310

lanceolata 11, 305

linearis 305

longipes 11, 306

microchlamydea 10, 304

nyctaginea 305

pauciflora 305

pumila 11, 305

rotundifolia 11, 305

suffruticosa 306

violacea 306

ptscosa 304

AiKonieiZa oxybaphoides 306

Alseis Blackiana 50

involuta 326

yucatanensis 50

Alternanthera cordobensis 10

martinicensis 9

megaphylla 9

obovata 9

panamensis 9

pycnantha 9

stenophylla 9

Amaioua corymbosa 169

guianensis 169

hirsuta 352

pilosa 169

urophylla 354

ursina 168

Amanga 227

Amaranthaceae 9

amargo 371

Amelanchier denticulata 140

Amerophyllum 80

Amsonia 155

Andropogon bicornis 303

insularis 303

leucostachyus 297

polydactylon 298

saccharoides subsp. parvispiculus 297

saccharoides var. parvispiculus 297

Anemone multiflda 310

Angelonia ciliata 150

Amsomeris bella 364

brasiliana 361, 362

Englesingii 360

estrellana 361

juruensis 361

Klugii 360

malaneoides 361

modesta 363

monantha 363

449

450 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Anisomeris occidentalis 361

oligantha 361

parviflora 361

parvifolia 362

pedunculosa 361

pubescens 361

randioides 364

ribesioides var. villosula 361

sessilis 361, 365

transiens 361

tristis 361

volubilis 58

vulpina 361

Anneslia belizensis 312

chapaderoana 312

izalcoensis 312

papillosa 312

salvadorensis 312

Annona scleroderma 311

Anthurium cabrerense 78

corallinum 79

denudatum 79

gracilipedunculatum 78

Macbridei 79

pulchellum 78

Schunkei 77

siccisilvarum 78

anzuelo casha 173

Apium 125

glaucescens 126

scabrum 126

Weberbaueri 126

Apocuitia 92

Apocynaceae 33, 322

Apodanthes Flacourtiae 139

mexicana 139

Appunia guatemalensis 171

Aquifoliaceae 315

Aristida capillacea 297

torta 297

Aristolochia asclepiadifolia 136

malacophylla 136

maxima var. cordata 136

Mexiae 136

Schippii 8

Aristolochiaceae 8, 136

Arrabidaea belizensis 48

Lundellii 48

Asclepiadaceae 36, 148

Ascolepis 270

brasiliensis 270

Aspidosperma ellipticum 35

Woronovii 34

Astragalus Dillinghamii 98

garbancillo var. Mandoni 100

garbancillo var. varus 99

macrorrhynchus 99

Mandoni 100

Pickeringii 98

Richii 99

unifultus 100

Urbanianus 98

Atriplex nitens 10

awa 184

Axonppus aureus 298

Ayenia fasciculata 25

Bactris hondurensis 4

Banisteria Benthamiana 120

eglandulosa 120

laevifolia 121

sanguinea var. Benthamiana 120

Basanacanlha spinosa var. pubescens

352

Bauhinia cumanensis 314

glabra 314

hondurensis 313

Becquerelia Calyptrocarya 286

Begonia Calderonii 27

nicaraguaensis 143

Popenoei 142

Begoniaceae 27, 142

Bellinia 110

Bertiera guianensis 348

Besleria bonodora 112

Bidens artemisiaefolia var. calva 405

atrosanguinea 445

Berteriana 411

carvifolia 429

caudaia 411

chrysanthemifolia 447

dahlioides 443

diversifolia 443

formosa 416

Humboldtii 419

Langlassei 425

Lindleii 416

Lindleyi 416

linearifolia 428

Palmeri 425

peucedanifolia 439

peucedanifolia var. bipinnatisecta 439

peucedanifolia var. cochabambensis 441

peucedanifolia var. soratensis 439

peucedanifolia var. tiraquensis 442

pilosa var. bimucronata f . odorata 447

pilosa var. calcicola 447

pulcherrima 441

purpurea 437

purpurea var. glabriuscula 437

reptans 443

Sartorii 426

scabiosoides 434

Seemanii 429

Seemannii 429

serrulata 447

sulphurea 408

valladolidensis 426

Bidentis 430

Bignonia aequinoctialis 49

Iriflora 339

Bignoniaceae 48

Bihai reticulata 4

revoluta 4

boca de sapo 372

INDEX

451

boochin 38

Boraginaceae 323

Borreria alata 388

argentea 390

asperifolia 385

Balansae 389

Brittonii 388

centranthoides 394

Chodatiana 393

clinopodioides 391

densiflora 388

equisetoides 394

fastigiata 393

laevis 391

latifolia 388, 389

leiophylla 394

liliifolia 392

luteovirens 392

mitreoloides 395

ocimoides 388

poaya 389

saxicola 388

subulata 386

thalictroides 394

thalictroid.es var. latifolia 393

thalictroides var. longifolia 394

valens 390

valerianoides 392, 395

vulpina 389

Boschniakia glabra 325

rossica 325

Bougainvillea pachyphylla 308

peruviana 308

spinosa 309

Bourreria oxyphylla 323

Bouvardia bouvardioides 334

dictyoneura 333

erecta 155

Karwinskyi 155

longiflora 155

orizabensis 334

Rekoi 333

villosa 333

Brachythyrsae 210-214

Bracteosae 195, 201, 216

Brandesia pycnantha 9

Bredemeyera lucida 17

Briza Mandoniana 298

monandra var. condensata 298

Brunfelsia bonodora 112

latifolia 112

Bucholzia obovata 9

Buddleia glabrata 325

Bulbostylis capillaris 265

hirtella 265

junciformis 264

Langsdorffiana 265

paradox a 264

Bumelia cuneata 322

Byrsonima bucidaefolia 16

crassifolia 17

Cacabus hondurensis 324, 325

cacao-che 50

Cadamba 360

Caesalpinia mimosifolia 93

caf6 de arbol 40

Calliandra belizensis 312

chapaderoana 312

expansa 90

izalcoensis 312

Juzepczukii 313

lucens 139

Palmeri 313

papillosa 312

prostrata 90

salvadorensis 312

tutnbeziana 89

Calycophyllum 57

Calyptranthes Karlingii 29

Millspaughii 29

Pittieri 143

Calyptrocarya 286

fragifera 286

glomerulata 286

Calyxhymenia aggregata 305

Cameraria belizensis 322

Campelia hirsuta 135

Zanonia 135

canellao de viado 394

Capirona decorticans 337

Carex 288

acrolepis 290

albolutescens 289

atropurpurea 113

Bonplandii 289

brachycalama 113

cladostachya 290

Donnell-Smithii 292

Durandii 289

echinata 290

fecunda 113

foenea 289

Halleriana 291

Halleriana subsp. planoatachya 291

hamota2S7

Hartwegii 290

heptastachya 289, 290

hermaphrodita 252

Humboldtiana 290

hypsipedos 113

Jamesonii 292

Jamesonii var. gracilis 292

Lemanniana 291

Lemanniana var. simplex 291

macrosperma 290

mexicana 290

Oerstedii 290

pichinchensis 291, 292

Pittieri 292

planostachys 291

polystachya 290

polysticha 292

Purdiei 290

452 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Carex scabrella 291

straminea var. foenea 289

teretiuscula 290

umbellate, var. depressa 113

Undenvoodii 292

viridis 292

Caryophyllaceae 11

cascarilla 157

Cassia andina 93

helveola 91

latiopetiolata 93

racemosa 93

versicolor 93

Weberbaueri 92

Cassipourea podantha 28

Cassupa alba 346

juruana 346

panamensis 346

Pittieri 346

scarlatina 346

verrucosa 346

Cedrela Weberbaueri 82

Celastraceae 20, 316

Celastrus Liebmannii 316

Pringlei 317

Cenchrus pilosus 298

viridis 298

Centrosema angustifolia 315

Cephaelideae 182

Cephaelis 200, 213

affinis 184

alba 181

aneurophylla 63

appendiculata 375

axillaris 64, 371

barcellana 184

bella 372

biternata 375

blepharophylla 182

botryocephala 63

chiapensis 370

cuspidulata 201

dohchophylla 185

Duckei 374

flaviflora 184

glabrescens 375

Glaziovii 182

hastisepala 375

horridula 183, 375

Humboldtiana 375

Killipii 187

Krauseana 181

macrocarpa 64

nuda 209

olnochrophylla 372

oleandrella 184

paraensis 180

pebasensis 186

phyllocalymmoides 375

pseudaxillarig 371

Schunkeana 185

setifera 372

Cephaelis spathicalyx 181

surinamensis 370

timbiquensis 371

tomentosa 184, 371

tontaneoides 183, 370, 370

trichocephala 375

trichophoroides 183

Williamsii 185

Cephalanthus glabratus 325

Cereus minutiflorus 297

cerezo rojo 140

Cestrum 108

campanulatum 107

Chaenesthes gesnerioides var. peruriana

107

Chaetaria torta 297

Chaetocalyx hebecarpa 15

latisiliqua 15

vestita 14

Chaetospora globosa 275

Chamaesenna 92

chechem de caballo 322

Chelone 154

Chenopodiaceae 10

chick-pea 16

Chimarrhis cymosa 53, 162

Hookeri 162

Pittieri 53

Williamsii 162, 339

Chiococca erubescens 365

Chione mexicana 366

chirapa shacha 200

Chloris foliosa 299

polydactyla 298

Chomelia 58

brasiliana 361

Englesingii 360

esirellana 361

malaneoides 361

oligantha 361

par -in flora 361

pedunculosa 361

pubescens 361

ribesioides var. villosula 361

sessilis 361

tenuiflora 365

transiens 361

tristis 361

unguis-cati 172

Vauthieri 363

vulpina 361

chufa 255

Cicer arietinum 16

Cinchona amazonica 334

macrocarpa 336

micrantha 335

Cinchoneae 154

Cissus formosa 23

gqssypiifolia 23

microcarpa 24

rhombifolia 24

Citharexylon spinosum 84

INDEX

453

Citharexylum hirtellum 324

Prlnglei 40

spicatum 40

teclense 39

Cladium jamaic ense 271

Mariscus 271

Clavija cauliflora 127

Chermontiana 148

Eggersiana 127

euerganea 126

Lehmannii 127

pungens 127

Radlkoferi 127

serrata 148

clavo 273

clavo-caspi 308

Cleome gigantea 115

Kerberi 115

monochroma 115

Clidemia inyolucrata 146

Clitoria javitensis 104

pozuzoensis 103

Chtorianthes 104

Coccocypselum aureum 164

Condalia 166

giabri folium 165, 346

hirsutum 346

Krauseanum 164

Lyman-Smithii 165

pumilio 346

uniflorum 165, 347

Coccoloba cardiophylla 8, 138

changuinolana 9

Lundellii 138

Schiedeana 9, 139

uvifera 139

cocoplum, wild 33

Codochonia solanoides 109

Coffea microcarpa 382

parquioides 383

cojot6n 34

collar lisa 157

Colletia spicaia 82

Colletieae 83

Collubrina Ehrenbergii 22

guatemalensis 22

Colutnnea pilosissima 43

Commelinaceae 135

Commelina elegans var. hirsuta 136

Commianthus 356

Compositae 398

Conostegia pentaneura 146

superba 146

Convolvulaceae 38, 322

coqueta 47

coquillo 251

Cordia lucayana 129

Coreopsis artemisiaefolia 408

coronata 447

crassifolia 436

formosa 416

Coreopsis parvi flora 419

purpurea 437

Cormonema spinosum var. peruvian-

um 124

Cornaceae 321

Cornus disciflora var. floccosa 321

floccosa 321

cortadera 251, 283-285

Corytholoma Warscewiczil 43

Cosmea bipinnata 416

caudal a 411

crithmifolia 426

diversifolia 443

parvi flora 419

scabiosae 434

sulphurea 408

tenuifolia 416

Costnocalyx 56

spectabilis 56

Cosmos 401

atropurpureus 438

atrosanguineus 445

auranliacus 408

bipinnatus 416

bipinnatus var. exaristatus 418

bipinnatus var. parviflorus 419

Blakei 424

calvus 405

carvifolius 429

caudatus 411

chrysanthemifplius 447

chrysanthemoidea 447

concolor 434

cordatus 411

crithmifolius 426

diversifolius 443

diversifolius var. atrosanguineus 445

diversifolius var. pumilus 444

diversifolius var. superbus 444

exiguus 423

gracilis 404

hybridus 419

integrifolius 441

Lan'dii" 425

Langlassei 425

linearifolius 428

luteus 447

marginatus 441

microcephalus 407

montanus 433

montanus var. pinnatus 433

mullicaulifi 447

Nelsonii 438

ocellatus 406

ocellatus var. Greenmanii 407

Palmeri 431

Palmeri var. odontophyllus 432

parviflorus 419

peucedanifolius 439

peucedanifolius var. cochabambensis

441

peucedanifolius var. tiraquensis 441

454 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Cosmos pilosus 447

pinnatus 447

Pringlei 430

pukherrimus 441

purpureus 437

reptans 443

roseus 447

scabiosoides 434

scabiosoides var. oblongus 436

scabiosoides var. typicus 434

scabiosoides var. typicus f. indivisus

436

Schaffneri 445

Seemannii 429

spectabilis 419

spectabilis var. alba 419

spectabilis var. rosea 419

subpubescens 441

sulphureus 408

sulphureus f. exaristatus 411

sulphureus var. exaristatus 411

sulphureus var. Idorhynchus 405

tenellus 447

tenuifolius 416

tenuissimus 419

Uhdeanus 437

unit! onus 114

Coursetia grandiflora 98

tumbezensis 97

Coussapoa Purpusii 6

Rekoi 7

Coussarea benensis 368

bryoxenos 176

Duckei 174

grandifolia 366

hirticalyx 175

hydrangeifolia 369

megalocarpa 366

ovalis 367

sessilifolia 367

tenuiflora 176

tricephala 368

Urbaniana 175

urophylla 368

Coutarea hexandra 339

Lindeniana 339

coyolillo 249-253

Cratylia dichrona 104

mollis 105

parviflora 105

Creatantha 344

peruviana 344

Cremolobus chilensi 81

Paysonii 80

Crotalaria nitens var. trichina 94

Croton ciliato-glandulosus 18

Millspaughii 18

cruceto 61, 352

Cruciferae 13, 312

Crusea allococca 386

subulata 386

cuchillito 284

Cupania auriculata 20

Cuphea balsamona 124

carthagenensis 124

ciliata 124

decandra 124

loxensis 124

microphylla 124

Cynosurus virgatus 300

Cyperaceae 240

Cyperus 243

alternifolius 256

apiculatus 250

articulatus 253

asperrimus 250

breviradiatus 251

bromoides 247

brunneus 249

canus 256

caracasanus 250

chorisanthus 258

cimicinus 248

compressus 254

cuspidatus 255

cymbaeformis 255

cyperoides 252

densus 248

diandrus var. capitatus 248

diffusus 258

dissitiflorus 253

distans 254

divergens 250

Durandii 246

efoliatus 257

Ehrenbergianus 251

elegans 258

elegantulus 248

esculentus 255

ferax 249

flabelliformis 251

flavescens 246

flavus 252

fugax 247

fulvescens 255

giganteus 253

glareosus 256

globulosus 252

granadinus 249

guatemalensis 250, 256

Haenkei 251

Hartii 251

Hartwegianus 250

haspan 257

Hayesii 249

helvus 248

hermaphroditus 252

Humboldtianus 248

humilis 255

humilis var. elatior 255

incompletus 251

inconspicuus 258

laelus var. obtusiflorus 249

lagunetto 248

INDEX

455

Cyperus Leibmanni 258

ligularis 251

Luzulae 256

macrolepis 259

manimae 250

melanostachyus 248

monostachyus 266

Mutisii 251

nubigenus 258

ochraceus 257

odoratus 247

Oerstedii 249

Olfersianus 248

oxycarioides 249

panamensis 250

paniculatus 247

Pitlieri 251

polystachyus 247

prolixus 253

radial us 254

Randuzii 251

Randuzii var. tenuis 252

rotund us 254

Schomburgkianus 255

sertularinus 259

simplex 257

spectabilis 254

sphacelatus 255

squalidus 246

surinamensis 257

tenerrimus 255

thyrsiflorus 252

Tonduzianus 246

Tonduzii 251

triceps 250

uncinatus 255

unioloides 247

Vahlii 249

variegatus 248

virens 256

viscosus 258

Cyphomandra betacea 112

crassifolia 112

Cypripedium montanum 5

Dahlia repens 443

zimapani 445

Dalbergia campechiana 15

glabra 15

Dalea 84

cutervoana 86

Mutisii 86

retusifolia 86

samancoensis 85

tapacariensis 86

Declieuxia chiococcoides var. gityanensis

369

clinopodioides 370

Dusenii 369

fruticosa 369

fruticosa var. guyanensis 369

stenocardia 235

Deppea Ehrenbergii 161

grandiflora 162

obtusi flora 162

stenosepala 161

venezuelensis 52

Descurainia athroocarpa 81

Macbridei 81

myriophylla 81

Desmodium asperum 101

axillare 296

Barclayi 101

delotum 102

distort u ni 101

mil rant hum 101

Poeppigianum 101

strobilaceum 102

tenellum 101

uncinatum 102

Weberbaueri 102

Dialyanthera acuminata 13

multiflora 12

Diateinacanthus hondurensis 150

Dichapetalaceae 17

Dichapetalum Donnell-Smithii 17

Dichromena 272

ciliata 273

exaltata 113

locuples 114

ncrvosa 273

pubera 273

radicans 273

robusta 278

Watsoni 272

Dictyanthus brachistanthus 38

ceratopetalus 38

parviflorus 38

yucatanensis 37

Digitaria horizontalis 303

Dilleniaceae 25

Dimerocostus bicolor 114

unitlorus 114

Diodia 389

brasiliensis var. microphylla 387

cymosa 387

macrophylla 387

Ottonis 235

paradoxa 387

polymorpha var. microphylla 387

rosmarinifolia 387

stricta 235

subulata 386

teres 387

tetracocca 386

tricocca 386

Diospyros cuneata 33

Diphragmus scaber 385

Diplasia 286

karataefolia 286

Diplotropis ferruginea 94

M art iusii 94

Discaria parviflora 84

pauciflora 84

456 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Discopoda 430

Dissitiflori 117

Divaricatae 202

Dodecatheon brachycarpa 130

Meadia f. alba 129

Meadia subsp. membranaceum 129

Meadia var. Frenchii 129

Dondia brevifolia 10

insularis 115

Palmeri 10

tampicensis 10

taxifolia 10

Drejerella longipes 47

origanoides 47

Droseraceae 312

Drosera intermedia 312

Dry mar ia excisa 11

Dulichium arundinaceum 287

Dunalia angustifolia 109

Besseri 109

campanulata 107

dolichostyla 109

horrida 108

lycioides 108

obovata 108

solanoides 109

spathulata 108

spinosa 109

Trianaei 108

umbellata 109

Weberbaueri 108

Duroia hirsuta 352

stenophylla 353

trichocarpa 353

Ebenaceae 33

Echinochloa polystachya 298

Echites cuspidifera 36

pandurata 36

pinguifolia 35

umbellata 35, 36

yucatanensis 35

Eichhornia azurea 296

Elaeagia Karstenii 50

utilis 51

Eleocharis 259

acicularis 262

albovaginata 261

calyptrata 263

capitata 262

caribaea 262

chaetaria 262

costaricensis 263

Durandii 263

fistulosa 260

flaccida 261

geniculata 262

interstincta 260

maculosa 261

minima 263

montana 263

mutata 260

Eleocharis nodulosa 261

ochreata 261

olivacea 261

pachystyla 263

Pitlieri 261

plicarhachis 261

purpureo-vaginata 263

retroflexa 262

Rothiana 263

sulcata 263

tenuis 262

Tuerckheimii 261

variegata var. laxiflora 261

Elytrospermum californicum 268

enea 253

Eragrostis acutiflora 299

Eriosema diffusum 315

pinetorum 315

Erithalis fruticosa 357

Eryngiurn caricinum 147

Erytnrina edulis 104

esculenta 104

Lorenoi 104

Esenbeckia Warscewiczii 119

esparrago 268

Eubatus 117

Eucosmos 404

Eugenia avicenniae 29

chepensis 144

flavifolia 320

fragrans 144

Gaumeri 28

guanacastensis 144

Pittieri 145

Purpusii 28

Storkii 143

yucatanensis 28

Euparilla 116

Euphorbiaceae 18, 315

Eupsychotria 195-201, 210-216

Eurya guatemalensis 317

lancifolia 317

Seemanniana 317

Eutheta 324

hondurensis 325

Evea chiapensis 370

tontaneoides 370

Exostema 154

ellipticum 339

Leonis 338

occidentale 340

rotundatum 339

Fagaceae 5

Fagara Riedeliana 119

tumbezana 119

Faramea affinis 180

amplifolia 177

axillaris 178, 369

brachysiphon 62

Eichleri 180

grandifolia 176

INDEX

457

Faramea hydrangeifolia 369

miconioides 178

paupera 180

quinqueflora 176

rectinervia 177

stenocalyx 179

Ferdinandusa hirsuta 158

loretensis 337

Paxii 158

Fesluca filiformis 300

Ficus Colubrinae 7

Schippii 7

Fimbristylis 265

annua 267

capiUaris 265

castanea 268

ciliaris var. pilosa 265

complanata 266

diphylla 267, 278

ferruginea 267

glomeraia 267

Holwayana 267

melanospora 267

miliacea 266

monostachya 266

pentasiachya 267

polymorpha 267

Preslii 266

pubescens 266

spadicea 268

spathacea 267

sublateralis 267

Flacourtiaceae 318

Flacourtia celastrina 318

Floribundi 117

Forsteronia viridescens 36

Franciscea lati folia 112

Fuirena 269

bulbipes 270

incompleta 270

robusta 270

umbellata 270

Galianthe 392, 393

fasligiata 393

Galium camporum 397

Closianum 398

humile 397

obovatum 398

ovale 395, 396

reflexum 398

Werdermannii 398

gamalote 299

garbanzo 16

gar r as de gato 173

Geissanthus abditus 127

Haenkeanus 127

obtusus 127

peruvianus 127

Geoffroya Bredemeyeri 102

striata 102

superba 102

Geophila paroensts 180

Georgia bipinnaia 416

Gesnera Warscewiczii 43

Gesneriaceae 43, 150

Glockeria Moralesii 47

Glossogyne tenuifolia 447

Glossopetalon meionandrum 316

spinescens var. meionandrum 316

Goldmanella sarmentosa 398

Goldmania sarmentosa 398

Gonzalagunia 161

bunchosioides 162

panamensis 163

Gonzalea 161

Gossypium 23

gramalote 300, 302

Gramineae 297

Grossularia Downingiana 139

klamathensis 139

leptosma 139

Menziesii var. subveslita 139

neglecta 140

non-scripta 140

senilis 139

texensis 139

tularensis 139

VanrFleetiana 139

guava 319

Guettarda 55

caracasana 59

colubrinoides 358

dependens 172

discolor 60

elliptica 59

ferox 171

frondosa 60

Gaurneri 58

hirsuta 358

hypoglauca 359

ochreata 172

pichisensis 172

Plttierl 60

rhamnifolia 359

sabiceoides 358

sericea 358

viburnoides 360

Guettardeae 55

Gymnandra minor 325

reniformis 325

Gymnopogon foliosus 299

Hamelia grandiflora 348

Hebecladus in termed! us 110

propinquus var. parviflorus 110

Weberbaueri 110

Hedeoma gracillima 41

Hedysarum americanum f. albiflorum

15

distortum 101

Heimia salicifolia 28

458 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Heisteria concinna 137

fatoensis 137

Heleocharis 259

Heliconia reticulata 4

revoluta 4

Helosciadium 125

Hemicarpha 271

micrantha 271

subsquarrosa 271

Henlea splendens 339

Henriettella macrocalyx 31

Hesperonia Bigelovii 307

californica 307

cedrosensis 307

Heimerlii 306

laevis 306

oligantha 306

polyphylla 306

retrorsa 307

tenuiloba 306

Heteropteris acutifolia var. eglandulosa

120

eglandulosa 120

Lessertiana 120

nervosa var. Lessertiana 120

orinocensis var. eglandulosa 120

suberosa var. Lessertiana 120

Hieronyma oblonga 315

Hillia Goudotii 338

illustris 338

Killipii 159

Hippocrateaceae 19, 317

Hippocratea elliptica 20

obcordata 20

opacifolia 123

yucatanensis 19, 317

Hippotis albiflora 347

Hoffmannia apodantha 53

Dusenii 348

Peckii 349

Peckii var. Selloana 349

villosula 167

viridis 168

Hoffmannseggia falcaria 93

prostrata 94

viscosa var. egena 93

Hoita 86

hirsuta 88

versicolor 88

Homaloclados 180

Homolepis aturensis 299

Houstonia 55

fruticosa 369

procumbens 343

Hybanthus glaber 142

humilis 142

longipes 142

pumilio 142

Purpusii 141

Hymenachne donacifolia 299

Hymenaea Courbaril 14

Hypaelyptum sphacelatum 271

Hyperbaena isophylla 12

nectandrifolia 11

phanerophlebia 12

Winzerlingii 311

Hypolytrum 286

Berterii 277

Kuntzeanum 271

nicaraguense 286

pycnocephala 287

Hypoporum micrococcum 282

verticillatum 282

Ilex caniensis 122

Kunthiana 123

Liebmannii 315

mexicana 316

scopulorum 123

uniflora 123

Inga megacarpa 14

Inundatae 200

lochroma gesnerioides 107

grandiflora 107

peruviana 107

Ipomoea digitata 322

Meyeri 39

Mitchellae',39

purpurea 39

Isertia alba 346

Haenkeana 164

juruana 346

leiantha 163

panamensis 346

Pittieri 346

scarlatina 346

verrucosa 346

Isolepis Funckii 265

hlrtella 265

Inundata 269

junciformis 264

Ixora escalerae 173

floribunda 366

Killipii 174

nicaraguensis 366

rauwolfioides 366

jacintillo zacate 251

Jacobinia ensiflora 45

leucothamna 44

judio 314

junco 249, 251, 256, 257, 261, 262

menudo 273

junquillo 258

Justicia myriantha 45

salvadorensis 46

Kallstroemia caribaea 119

Klibea 423

Kotchubaea insignis 355

sericantha 355

Kyllinga 241

aphylla 242

brevifolia 243

INDEX

Kyllinga caespitosa 242

cayennensis 252

incompleta 251

maculata 271

nudiceps 242

odorata 242

peruyiana 242

pumila 242

pungens 243

vaginafa 242

Labiatae 40

Laden bergia carua 157

ferruginea 336

macrocarpa 336

magnifolia 52

malacophylla 157

Pittieri 51, 336

Lagascea media 398

pteropoda 398

Lagotis minor 325

reniformis 325

Laguncularia racemosa f. longifolia 125

Laniflorae 342

Lasiacis prpcerrima 299

Laugeria hirsute. 358

laurel 323

Lecanosperma lycioides 333

Leguminosae 13, 84, 312

lengua de vaca 53

Leptochloa filiformis 300

scabra 300

virgata 300

Leptoglottis confusa 13

Halliana 13

hystricina 13

Nuttallii 13

Palmeri 14

paucijuga 13

Liguslrum spicatum 40

Limnochloa calyptrata 263

Linguaefoliae 6

Linociera oblanceolata 33

panamensis 32

lipe 83

Lipocarpha 271

maculata 271

sphacelata 271

Loranthaceae 7

Loranthus 154

Ludwigia hondurensis 146

tepicana 28

virgata 147

Lupinus alopecuroides 96

aiuii mis 95

Fieldii 94

huaronensis 95

huaronensis var. pascoensis 96

microphyllus var. chavanillensis 97

multiflorus 94

nubigenus 96

pinguis 95, 96

Lupinus pulvinaris 95

Smithianus 97

Taurus 97

visoensis 97

Weberbaueri 96

Lycianthes acutifolia 110

cutacensis 110

glandulosa 111

hypomalaca 111

tarmensis 110

Weberbaueri 110

Lycioplesium horridum 108

Lycium aggregatum 107

horridum 108

parvifolium 108

umbellatum 109

Lysimachia mexicana 322

Lysiostyles sericea 322

Lythraceae 28

Lythrum carthagenense 124

ciliatum 124

Machaerium Merrillii 15

setulosum 16

Machaonia 55

acuminata 357

grandis 357

peruviana 357

\\illiamsii 357

Macrocnemum latilimbum 154, 335

roseum 154

speciosum 339

Maieta cuneata 30

maiz tostado 352

Malanea Fendleri 61, 62

forsteronioides var. pilosa 365

hirsuta 61

ribesioides var. villosula 361

sarmentosa 171

ursina 62

Malpighiaceae 16, 141

Malvaceae 24, 141

Mandevilla denticulata 36

Manettia alba 326

Albert-Smithii 151

angustifolia 328

asclepiadacea 332

Bradei 320

Burchellii 329

campanulacea 327

cordifolia 332

dominicensis 328

Guilleminiana 153

Hoehnei 329

Jorgensenii 152

leucantha 152

luteo-rubra 331

minutiflora 326

paranensis 331

parvula 329

paulina 328

pedunculata var. glabra 330

460 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Manettia poliodes 151, 332

quinquenervia 328

Riedelii 330

Rojasiana 331

Samuelssoniana 330

Schunkei 332

stipulosa 332

tarapotensis 333

tomantha 326

verticillata 328, 329

Mapania 287

pycnocephala 287

sylvatica 287

Mapouria 199

aemulans 209

brachypoda 379

crassa 209

cupularis 210

Martiana 209

puberulina 209

tristis 209

umbelluligera 209

Marcgravia 376

Maripa nicaraguensis 38

Mariscus 271

aphyllus 242

dissitiflorus 253

echinatus 252

Ehrenbergianus 251

flabelliformis 250

flavus 252

guatemalensis 250

Jacqtiinii 252

jamaicensis 271

manimae 250

manimae var. divergens 250

manimae var. Hartwegianus 250

Meyenianus 253

Mutisii 251

panamensis 250

Pohlianus 249

ru/us 251

saturatus 250

Ste&manus 252

St«6«nanu8 var. etolufior 252

Matthiola 359

frondoaa 60

Mauria denticulata 122

Medicago sativa f. salaverryensis 97

Meibomia distorta 101

micraniha 101

Weberbaueri 102

Melananthus guatemalensis 325

Melastomaceae 29, 145

Menispermaceae 11, 311

Merinthopodium neuranthum 297

Mesinenia 424

Miconia belizensis 30

Schippii 29

Micromeria Brownei 41

Mimosa albida var. erratica 91

dichoneuta 90

Mimosa floribunda 91

hamata 91

microphylla 13

obtusifolia 91

sensitiya 91

Velloziana 91

Weberbaueri 91

Mirabilis aggregata 305

albida 305

Bigelovii 307

californica 307

Carletoni 305

cedrosensis 307

ciliata 306

coahuilensis 305

coccinea 305

comata 306

corymbosa 10, 304

decipiens 305

exaltata 305

exserta 307

Froebelii 306

gausapoides 305

glabra 304

glabra var. recedens 304

grandiflora 307

Grayana 306

Greenei 306

Heimerlii 306

hirsuta 305

Jalapa 307

laevis 306

lanceolata 305

linearis 305

longiflora 307

longipes 306

microchlamydea 304

multiflora 306

nyctaginea 305

oligantha 306

oxybaphoides 306

pauciflora 305

polyphylla 306

Pringlei 307

pumila 305

retrorsa 307

rotundifolia 305

suffruticosa 306

tenuiloba 306

triflora 306

Urbani 307

violacea 306

viscosa 304

Watsoniana 307

Wrightiana 307

Mitracarpus 389, 390

anthospermoides 385

Lhotzkyanus 384

recurvatus 384

rigidifolius 384

Mitrathamnus 385

Moraceae 6, 303

INDEX

461

Morongia occidentalis 13

muchilco 83

mulinillo 251, 257

Musaceae 4

Mussaenda pubescens 352

Myristicaceae 12

Myroxylon celastrinum 318

Myrsinaceae 31, 321

Myrtaceae 28, 143, 318

naranjillo 138

Nasturtium clavatum 312

Williams!! 312

navajuela 279, 283-286

Nectandra Macbridei 81

pulverulenta 82

Neea laxa 310

oppositifolia 310

Williams!! 309

Neoblakea 54

venezuelensis 54

Nephromeria Poeppigiana 101

Nicotiana colossea 106

glauca 106

Leguiana 105

otophora 106

paniculata 107

Raimondii 106

tomentosa 105

Niphogeton 125

dissecta 125

dissecta var. aspera 125

glaucescens 126

magna 126

Weberbaueri 126

Nitidulae 210, 212

Nocca media 398

pteropoda 398

Nonatelia 208

nudillo 300

Nuphar ad vena var. erythraeum 310

bombycinum 311

chartaceum 311

fluviatile 311

fraternum 310

ludovicianum 310

microcarpum 311

orbiculatum 311

ovatum 311

ozarkanum 310

puberulum 311

ulvaceum 311

Nyctaginaceae 10, 304

Nymphaea advena subsp. erythraea 310

bombycina 311

chartacea 311

fluriatilis 311

fraterna 310

ludoviciana 310

microcarpa 311

orbiculata 311

OMteSll

Nymphaea ozarkana 310

puberula 311

ulvacea 311

Nymphaeaceae 310

Nymphozanthus 310

Odontonema panicuHfentm 150

oguito 366

Olacaceae 137

Oldenlandia corymbosa 344

Dusenii 343

filicaulis 343

herbacea 344

Oleaceae 32

Olyra surinamensis 300

Onagraceae 146

Ononis crotalarioiden 16

Ophryoscleria asperrima 283

Oplismenus polystachyus 298

Orchidaceae 5

Oreosciadium 125

dissectum 125

dissectum var. asperum 125

scabrum 125

Orobanchaceae 325

Orobanche rossica 325 .

Orthacantha 83

Oryza latifolia 300

sativa 300

Ossaea trichocalyx 145

Ouratea nitida 297

Ourouparia guianensw 326

Oxybaphus aggregatus 305

albidus 305

Carletoni 305

ciliatifolius 306

coahuilensis 305

cocdneus 305

comatus 306

corymbosus 10

decipiens 11

exallatus 305

Froebelii 306

gausapoides 11

glaber 304

glaber var. recedens 304

(i ray aims 11

hirsulus 305

lanceplatus 11

linearis 305

longipes 11

microchlamydeus 10

multiflorus 306

nyctagineus 305

paucifiorus 305

p u mi Ins 11

rotundifolius 11

rnolareus 306

V18C08U8 304

Pachycarpae 92

paja macho de monte 275

462 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Palicourea 205, 207

albiflora 379

andaluciana 220

aurata 381

bracteosa 222

caprifoliacea 380

charianthema 226

condensata 224

coriacea 380

corymbifera 380

Fendleri 65

fulgens 380

Galeottiana 68

Gardneriana 219

Gilgiana 218

Glaziovii 217

guianensis 65, 379

iquitoensis 219, 225

Jahnii 65

Jelskii 221

Kuhlmannii 218

lanata 381

lucentifolia 223

lucidula 225

lyristipula 380

nigrescens 68

obscurata 216

pachycalyx 224

pachypodina 381

petiolaris 66

Pittieri 66

Purpusii 67

radians 219

Raimondii 220

rigida var. aurata 381

rudgeoides 381

squarrosa 219

stenoclada 380

subaeneo-fusca 381

subspicata 216

tabacifolia 226

Urbaniana 219

villosiflora 223

Weddelliana 219

Palmaceae 4

Paniculastreae 213

Panicum aturense 299

cayennense var. quadriglume 301

cyanescens 300

donacifolium 299

fasciculatum 301

megiston 301

pantrichum 301

pilosum 301

procerrimum 299

quadriglume 301

papelillo 308

Parathesis pleurobotryosa 32

Storkii 31

Parosela 84

astragalina 86

ayavacensis 86

Parosela boliviana 85, 86

calocalyx 85

catatona 85

coerulea 86

cylindrica 85

exilis 85

Gaumeri 14

humifusa 85

microphylla 85

microphylla var. brevis 85

nova 85

pazensis 86

peruviana 85, 86

Thpmpsonae 314

vicina 85

Paspalum microstachyum 302

minus 301

notatum 302

plicatulum 302

prostratum 302

repens 301

Passiflora Andersonii 27

biflora 27

rotundifolia 27

yucatanensis 26

Passifloraceae 26

Patabea coriacea 380

Pavonia integrifolia 24

Pedicellatae 211

pelillo 247, 255

Pentagonia peruviana 167

spathicalyx 347

subauriculata 347

velutina 347

Williamsii 167, 348

Woronovii 166

Peperomia achoteana 5

siguatepequensis 5

Pera arborea 19

barbellata 19

perita 354

Petalostemon gracilis var. oligophyllus

314

oligophyllus 314

Petroselinum dissedum 125

Pharus latifolius 302

Phitopsis multiflora 341

sterculioides 341

Phragmites communis 303

Phyllomelia 56

Physalis 324

mayana 42

melanocystis 42

picosa 18

Pilostyles mexicana 139

Piperaceae 5

Pisonia Broadwayana 308

obtusiloba 308

Riedeliana 308

Warmingii 308

Platylepis brasiliensis 270

Plumeria multiflora 33

INDEX

463

Poa acutiflora 299

Poecilochroma punctata 110

Pogonopus speciosus 339

Polygalaceae 17

Polygonaceae 8, 138

Portlandia hexandra 339

Posoqueria huilensis 168

maxima 168

palustris 349

Poulsenia aculeata 7

Pourouma aspera 303

folleata 114

Primulaceae 322

Pseuderanthemum nanum 46

Pseudoaltonia 128

Psidium chrysobalanoides 319

hypoglaucum 320

rotundifolium 318

Schippii 319

Psoralea 86

acaulis 87

caffra 86

cuspidata 87

divaricata 88

drupacea 87

Featherstonei 88

foliosa 87

glandulosa 87-89

huigerilla 88

lasiostachys 87

lasiostachys var. potens 88

maleolens 88

marginata 89

mexicana 87, 88

munyensis 88

Mutisii 88

obtusifolia 87

patens 87

plicata 87

potens 88

pubescens 87, 89

remotiflora 88

spicata 86

timorata 89

tomentosa 87

Trianae 88

yurensis 88

Zeyheri 87

Psychotria aetnulans 209

alba 189, 206, 209

Albert-Smithii 203, 378

albpviridula 192

amita 70

appendiculata 375

araguana 68

atabapoensis 190

axillaris 187, 375

bahiensis 378

barcellana 184

biternata 375

Bolivariana 66

brachiata 190, 192

Psychotria brachyanthema 210

brachypoda 379

bracteata 200

bullatifolia 193

calochlamys 199

camporum 193

candelabrum 207

canephorantha 374

carthaginensis 189

compta 202

corymbifera 216, 380

crassa 188, 209

cupularis 210

cuspidulata 201

Dusenii 378

Eggersii 69

emetica 192

fimbriata 382

flavicans 71, 378

fluminensis 379

friburgensis 213

fulgens 380

Gardneriana 209, 219

glabrescens 375

Glaziovii 209

guaremalensis 70

hastisepala 375

Hayatae 379

Herzogii 193

Hookeriana 209

horridula 375

hospitalis 199

huallagae 376

huantensis 196

Humboldtiana 375

hylocharis 207

ibitipocae 212

ilheosana 209

inundata 212

involucrans 375

involucrata 196, 373

iquitosensis 195

jasminoides 211

juninensis 206

Klugii 377

Krauseana 212

lanata 381

leiocarpa 211

leucophaea 195

limitanea 197

limonensis 374

Lindenii 71

Loefgrenii 214

loretensis 198

lucidifolia 216

luxurians 196

Macbridei 68

macrophylla 192, 379

Marcgraviella 375

marginata 373

Mart iana 209

mesotropa 213

I It. 1 1

464 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Psychotria microbotrys 204

mombachensis 138

nemorosa 211

nigricans 205

nitidula 210

nuda 209

nudiceps 378

obscurata 216

par.hypodina 381

pallens 214

patens 69, 70, 191, 197, 198, 373

pedunculata 189

pentaphthosa 212

phyllocalymmoides 375

pichisensis 205

pithecobia 187

polyphlebia 194

proxima 209

puberulina 209

purpurascens 213

pycnantha 379

racemifera 71, 199

radians 219

rauwolfioides 211

rhodophylla 194

rhodothamna 201

rigida var. aurata 381

Robertii 210

rudgeoides 381

rufidula 189

spathicalyx 181

squarrosa 219

stenoclada 380

stenostachya 207

subaeneo-fv,sca 381

tapajozensis 215

tarapotensis 377

tenuicaulis 190, 207, 376

Tessmannii 208

trichocephala 375

trichophoroides 183

tristicula 209

tristis 209

uliginosa 189, 215

umbelluligera 209

urophylla 202

Victoriae 191

viridis 68

Weberbaueri 192

Weddelliana 219

Wilkesiana 214

Williamsii 200

WoronovH 189

xanihophylla 380

yapasensis 196

Psychotriopsis 202, 218

puca quiro 340

PulsaiiUa multicepa 310

Pycreus angulatus 247

elegantulus 248

flavescens 246

Pycreus helvus 248

lagunetto 248

melanostachyus 248

melanoslachyus var. variegatus 248

odoratus 247

polystachyus 247

propinqum 248

Quamoclidion Froebelii 306

Greenei 306

multiflorum 306

oxybaphoides 306

triflorum 306

Ouercus guayabalana 6

salvadorensis 5, 6

Quiinaceae 26

Quiina panamensis 26

Schippii 26

Radicula clavata 312

Williamsii 312

Rafflesiaceae 139

Randia aculeata 352

calycina 58, 352

caracasana 57

formosa var. longiflora 169

Killipii 170, 352

spinosa var. pubescens 58, 352

Tessmannii 352

Williamsii 169

Ranunculaceae 310

Rapanea dependens var. saxatilis 127

guianensis 321

Relbunium Bangii 395

chaetophorum 397

ciliatum 397

diffusum 395, 396

hirsutum 397

hirtum subsp. b. camporum 398

hirtum subsp. c. reflexum 398

hirtum var. camporum 397

hirtum var. reflexum 398

humile 397

hypocarpium 396

Malmei 396

ovale 395

paulense 397

Remijia bracteata 155

firmula 336

longifolia 335

megistocaula 157

peruviana 156

tenuiflora 157

Remirea 272

maritima 272

Retiniphyllum adinanthum 355

discolor 356

Kuhlmannii 356

pallidum 356

Rhamnaceae 22

Rhamnus decussatus 83

guayaquilensis 83

senticosa 82

INDEX

465

Rhizophoraceae 28

Rhynchosia mantaroensis 105

melanosticta 105

Rhynchospora 273

Kibes albi folium 116

cuneifplium 117

Downingianum 139

glandulosum 116

hirticaule 115

incertutn 116

klamathense 139

leptosmum 139

macrobotrys 116

Menziesii var. subvestitum 139

neglectum 140

non-scriptum 140

praecoz 116

senile 139

liiibteslitum 139

sucheziense 116

texense 139

tularense 139

Van-Fleetianum 139

Richardia lomensis 386

pedicellata 386

rigidifolia 386

tricocca 386

Richardsonia lomensis 386

pedicellata 386

rigidifolia 386

telracocca 386

tricocca 386

Robinia glabra 15

striata 102

roble bianco 6

negro 6

Rondeletia gonzaleoides 160

gracilispica 342

peruviana 342

Roripa clavata 312

Williamsii 312

Rosaceae 140

Rousselia humilis 136

Rubiaceae 50, 151, 325

Rubia diffusa 395

ocalis 395

Rubus bogotensis 118

boliviensis 118

floribundus 117, 118

floribundus var. nimbatus 118

Lechleri 118

nubigenus subsp. Ruizii 118

roseus var. Lechleri 118

roseus var. santarosensis 118

santarosensis 118

sparsiflorus 117

urticaefolius 118

Weberbaueri 118

Rudgea apodantha 72

caribaea 381

Catharinae 232

celastrinea 384

Rudgea cephalantha 230

Dahlgrenii 231

eugenioides 233

fimbriata 228, 382

hispidula 226, 382

inurbana 234

iusticioides 229

loretensis 230, 382

macrocerae 232

magnoliaefolia 383

malpighiacea 233

marginata 381

maypurensis 72

microcarpa 382

organensis 234

parquioides 383

psychotriaefolia 228

retifolia 227

sessiliflora 228

villiflora 383

Woronovii 228

Ruellia longipila 44

Russelia campechiana 325

Rustia longifolia 159

occidentalis 340

splendens 159, 339

Rutaceae 16, 140

Rynchospora 273

argentea 279

aristata 280

armerioides 276

aurea 279

barbata 276

Berterii 277

cephalotes 275

Clarkei 277

corymbosa 279

costaricensis 279

cyperoides 278

Durandiana 276

epiglobosa 275

exaltata 113

eximia 278

glauca 276

globosa 275

hirsuta 277

Hoffmanni 280

jubata 276

locuplesJU, 280

longispicata 276

macrochaeta 280

marisculus 276

micrantha 277

perrigida 264

Pittieri 280

polycephala 278

polyphylla 279

Pringlei 277

robusta 278

Schaflfneri 276

Schiedeana 279

Schiedeana var. varica 279

466 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Rynchospora setacea 278

tenerrima 278

tenuis 277

Torresiana 278

Tuerckheimii 279

vulcani 280

Sabicea ambigua 348

Sageretia guayaquilensis 83

senticosa 83

Salacia belizensis 19

Salvia comayaguana 40

Fernaldii 41

Lindenii 41

micrantha 41

serotina 41

sanango del bajo 231

Sapindaceae 20, 141

Sapotaceae 322

sapu-quina 346

Saracha ciliata 110

pallascana 109

Urbaniana 109

Weberbaueri 109

Weberbaueri subsp. pallascana 109

sawgrass 272

Saxifraga adscendens 312

Saxifragaceae 139, 312

Schizolobium parahybum 314

Schoenus barbatus 276

cyperoides 278

hirsutus 277

Mariscus 271

paradoxus 264

polyphyllus 279

secans 284

setaceus 278

Schrankia confusa 13

Halliana 13

hystricina 13

microphylla 13

Nuttallii 13

occidental's 13

Palmer! 14

paucijuga 13

uncinafa 13

Scirpus 268

acicularis 262

californicus 268

caribaeus 262

caslaneus 268

cephalotes 275

complanatus 266

corymbosus 279

cubensis 268

cyperoides 252

diphyllus 267

ferrugineus 267

fistulosus 260

flaccidus 261

geniculatus 262

glomeratus 267

Scirpus interstinctus 260

inundatus 269

laxiflorus 261

lithospermus 282

Luzulae 256

maculosus 261

micranthus 211

miliaceus 266

mutatus 260

nodulosus 261

Olneyi 269

pachyntyliis 263

plicarhachis 261

retroflexus 262

riparius 268

spadiceus 268

sulcatus 263

tatora 269

tenuifolius 264

Scleria 280

arundinacea 283

asperrima 283

bracteata 284

coriacea 284

costaricensis 282

distans 282

foveplata 283

hemitaphra 284

hirtella 282

Hitchcockii 282

lacustris 285

latifolia 283

Liebmanni 282

lithosperma 282

macrocarpa 283

melaleuca 285

microcarpa 284

mitis 284

paludosa 283

panicoides 283

Pittieri 285

pratensis 285

pterota 285

Purdiei 282

reflexa 284

secans 284

setacea 284

setuloso-ciliata 285

Tonduzii 285

verticillata 282

Scrophulariaceae 150, 325

Scutia arenicola 84

buxifolia 84

guayaquilensis 83

maritima 83

pauciflora 84

spicata 83

Scypharia guayaquilensis 83

parviflora 84

senticosa 83

tetragona 84

Sedge Family 240

INDEX

467

Senna 92

Serjania heterocarpa 22

yucatanensis 21

Sherardia arvensis 236

Shooting star 129

shuturi 200

Sickingia catappifolia 340

paraguayensis 340

Williamsii 340

Sida ampla 24

cordifolia 24

Siderodendron floribundum 366

Simarubaceae 140

sintule 262

Sisymbrium costaricensis 13

oleraceum 80

Storkii 13

Sisyrinchium Jamesonii 80

palustre 79

trinervi 80

Sium 125

Solanaceae 42, 105, 149, 324

Solanum aligerum 149

amblophyllum 112

caavurana 111

crassifolium 112

cutacense 110

diffusum subsp. miozygum 11

diffusum var. miozygum 111

diversifolium 43

extensum 42

foetidum 111

hypostichopogon 112

laurifolium 43

Lundellii 42

maleolens 111

multifidum 111

paltnillae 149

patulum f. album 111

Tafallae 111

yucatanum 43

Solenocalyx 379

sonia 205

sontul 253

Sophora tomentosa 314

Spermacoceae 390

Spermacoce alata 388

asperifolia 385

ocimoides 388

Pringlei 388

Spermodon eximius 278

Sphinctanthus Hasslerianua 352

maculatus 351

Sporobolus argutus 302

purpurascens 302

Stachytarpheta angustifolia 149

Staelia filifolia 385, 386

Hassleri 386

scabra 385

Stenophyllus 164

capillaris 265

Funckii 265

Stenophyllus hirtellus 265

junciformis 264

paradoxus 264

tenuifolius 264

Stenotaphrum secundatum 303

Sterculiaceae 25

Stigmaphyllon ciliatum 141

Struthanthus cassy thoides 7

diversifolius 8

Stylogyne laevis 321

ramiflora 321

Styrax ferax 128

Poissonianus 129

polyanthus 129

tarapotensis 129

Suaeda brachyphylla 10

insularis 115

Palmeri 10

tampicensis 10

taxifolia 10

Subcymosae 220

Suriana maritima 140

Suteria Hookeriana 209

nuda 209

Symplocos cpriacea 128

Lehmannii 128

Mezii 128

scabra 128

tristis 128

Syringantha 153

loranthoides 153

Tabebuia speciosa 49

Tabernaernontanus Schippii 34

TalLsia diphylla 21

olivaeformis 21

Tamonea curassavica 323

Tapogomea 182, 185

tomentosa 371

tarro-urcu 301

Telanthera martinicensis 9

obovata 9

pycnantha 9

Tetracera mollis 25

Tetrapteris crispa subsp. pseudotriop-

terisl2l

crispa var. punicans 121

crispa var. subcordata 121

magnifolia 121

Triopteris 121

Theaceae 317

Theophrastaceae 148

Thespesia populnea 141

Thouinidium decandrumJHl

Thyrsiflorae 14

tie-tie 48

Tillandsia juncea 296

Tobagoa maleolens 235

Tocoyena amazonica 350

bullata 351

Sellowiana 350

Spruce! 350

Williamsii 349

' lU((i

468 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VIII

tomatillo 325

toro urcu 299

Torrubia Broadwayana 308

myrtiflora 307

obtusiloba 308

Riedeliana 308

Warmingii 308

Torulinium confertum 249

Hayesii 249

Tradescantia commelinoides 135

commelinoides var. rotundifolia 135

gracillima 135

tree tomato 112

Tresanthera condamineoides 159

pauciflora 158

Trichachne insularis 303

Trichelostylis miliacea var. microstachya

266

Trichocephalae 183

Tricycla spinosa 309

trumpet 303

tul coyolillo 251

de petate 256

fino 268

silvestre 256

tule 256, 262

de jardin 256

turma de mico 352

tuwara 162

Umbelliferae 147

umbrella plant 256

Uncaria guianensis 326

Uncinia 287

hamata 287

jamaicensis 287

mexicana 287

tenuis 288

Uragoga flavi flora 184

urahuacta 112

Urticaceae 136

Vallesia 154

Varronia lucayana 129

Verbenaceae 39, 149, 323

Vicia andicola 103

humilis 103

lomensis 102

Matthewsii var. Lessoni 103

Vilfa arguta 302

Vincetoxicum crassifolium 36

Lundellii 148

Schippii 37

Violaceae 141

Vitaceae 23

Vochysia Leguiana 121

water hyacinth 296

Weberbauera spathulifolia var. integri-

folia 80

Wedelia cristata 10, 310

glabra 310

Wedeliella cristata 310

glabra 10, 310

Wimmeria confusa 20

obtusifolia 20

Witheringia 110

xbockin 38

Xylosma celastrinum 318

yacu-caspi 339

yerba de maleficio 348

zacate de corona 249

zacaton 287

Zanthoxylum Kellermanii 140

mayanum 140

microcarpum 16

trichilioides 16

zuntule 262

Natural History Survey

Lit

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893

PUBLICATION 277

BOTANICAL SERIES VOL. VIII, No. 1

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS-III

BY

PAUL C. STANDLEY

ASSOCIATE CURATOR OP THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OP BOTANY

B. E. DAHLGREN

ACT1NO CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

EDITOR

CHICAGO, U. S. A.

JULY 9, 1930

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA