THE UNIVERSITY

OF ILLINOIS

rs

V.?3

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA

PAUL C. STANDLEY

The present paper is the third of a series that treats of the Rubi-

aceae of various South American countries. The first, devoted to the

Rubiaceae of Colombia, listed 80 genera and 443 species; the second,

which dealt with the family as it is represented in Ecuador, enumer-

ated 45 genera and 178 species. The number reported from Bolivia

is much smaller than that from Colombia. The reduced number is,

in part, a result of less intensive or extensive exploration, but it is

influenced more largely, perhaps, by the fact that Bolivia lies at the

southwestern extremity of the principal area of dispersal of the

American Rubiaceae. Much of Bolivia is of so great an elevation

that only a few temperate genera, such as Galium, Relbunium, and

Arcytophyllum, are represented. Most Rubiaceae are tropical, and

it is only on the eastern slopes of the Bolivian Andes that species of

the tropical genera are found. This portion of the country is a wild

and sparsely populated region that has been explored botanically

only in comparatively small part.

So far as the North American botanical expeditions to Bolivia

are concerned, they seem to have yielded but meager returns for the

effort and expense invested, but the work of resident botanists or

collectors has been more successful.

In the preparation of the present paper there has been available

but little material from the collections of the early workers in the

region, such as Mandon and Pearce. The two visits made to the

country by Dr. H. H. Rusby have yielded a substantial amount of

interesting material of the Rubiaceae, but much richer are the

collections made by Miguel Bang, which were distributed to most of

the larger herbaria of America and Europe. Dr. Rusby published

catalogues of his own collections and those of Bang, besides an

account of those of the more recent Mulford Expedition, and he has

named a large proportion of the apparently endemic Bolivian

Rubiaceae.

Substantial collections of Bolivian plants have been made by K.

Fiebrig and Dr. Th. Herzog during visits to the country. The most

extensive and important collection of the flora of Bolivia is that made

255

256 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

in late years by Dr. Otto Buchtien, a resident in the country. His

admirably prepared specimens represent not only most of the species

discovered by earlier collectors, but a host of new ones. His col-

lections have been distributed widely. They are well represented

at Berlin, and his own herbarium, containing presumably the largest

representation of his plants, although not a complete one, was pur-

chased a few years ago by the United States National Museum.

Another collector whose explorations have contributed materially

to the knowledge of the Bolivian flora is Jos£ Steinbach. Most of

his plants have been collected in the Department of Santa Cruz, and,

as the following pages will prove, they afford numerous additions to

the Rubiaceae.

In the preparation of this enumeration the writer has been able

to examine a large number of specimens of the family from Bolivia.

Collections have been studied from the following herbaria, the letters

in parenthesis being those used on the succeeding pages to indicate

the location of the specimens cited: Field Museum of Natural History

(F) ; United States National Herbarium, Washington (W) ; New York

Botanical Garden (Y) ; Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (G) ;

Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis (M); Botanic Garden and

Museum, Berlin-Dahlem (B); Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K);

Riksmuseets Botaniska Afdelning, Stockholm (S) ; Jardin Botanique

Principal, Leningrad (L).

The writer wishes to express his sincere appreciation of the

courtesy of the loans of Bolivian material made by the curators of

the herbaria named above. He understands from personal experience

the amount of labor involved in making such loans, and the incon-

venience that they sometimes occasion, but he hopes that this may

be repaid in part by the determination of the large number of

unnamed sheets received, many of them collected forty to seventy

years ago, and by the correction of the erroneous determinations

upon the majority of the sheets supposedly already determined.

The material received on loan included practically all the Bolivian

Rubiaceae of the United States National Herbarium, selected by

Ellsworth P. Killip. This sending was especially rich in Buchtien

collections. From the New York Botanical Garden, through the

courtesy of Dr. Elmer D. Merrill, there were received for study a

number of Dr. H. H. Rusby's types that are not represented by

duplicates in other herbaria. Through the kindness of the Director,

Dr. L. Diels, and Dr. K. Krause, there were received from Berlin on

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 257

loan a large number of undetermined Psychotrieae and Coussareae.

The collections received from Kew were particularly valuable because

of the Pearce numbers, which were not represented in any of the

sendings from other sources.

KEY TO THE TRIBES AND GENERA1

Ovules 3 or more in each cell of the ovary.

Fruit dry.

Flowers arranged in very dense, globose heads. . . .1. Naucleeae.

Flowers not in dense globose heads.

Seeds winged, vertically imbricate II. Cinchoneae.

Seeds not winged or, if winged, horizontal.

Corolla lobes imbricate or contorted, never valvate.

IV. Rondeletieae.

Corolla lobes valvate.

Seeds horizontal; stipules entire or bifid; plants trees or

large shrubs III. Condamineae.

Seeds peltately attached; stipules often fimbriate; plants

usually herbs or low shrubs V. Hedyotideae.

Fruit fleshy.

Corolla lobes valvate VI. Mussaendeae.

Corolla lobes imbricate or contorted.

Seeds many, minute, pitted or rarely tuberculate.

VII. Hamelieae.

Seeds usually few and large, the testa smooth or fibrous.

VIII. Gardenieae.

Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell of the ovary.

Ovules pendulous.

Stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla tube; fruit not

compressed IX. Guettardeae.

Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla tube; fruit strongly

compressed X. Chiococceae.

Ovules erect or ascending.

Corolla lobes contorted XI. Ixoreae.

Corolla lobes valvate.

Ovules affixed to the base of the ovary.

Ovary 1-celled, or 2-celled but with a very thin septum.

XII. Coussareae.

irThe key is adapted from that published by Wernham for the American

genera of Rubiaceae. See Journ. Bot. 54: 326. 1916.

258 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VII

Ovary with 2 or more cells, the septa thick.

Flowers perfect; stamens usually inserted in the throat

of the corolla; plants usually trees or shrubs.

Style short; fruit drupaceous; plants seldom if ever

scandent XIII. Psychotrieae.

Style elongate; fruit dry, dehiscent; plants scandent.

XIV. Paederieae.

Flowers usually dioecious; stamens usually inserted at

the base of the corolla; plants mostly herbaceous.

XV. Anthospermeae.

Ovules affixed to the septum.

Stipules fimbriate, not leaflike XVI. Spermacoceae.

Stipules resembling the leaves and forming whorls with

them XVII. Galieae.

I. NAUCLEEAE

A single genus in Bolivia 1. Uncaria.

II. CINCHONEAE

Corolla lobes valvate.

Placenta ascending or erect from the base of the septum.

Plants scandent 2. Manettia.

Plants erect 3. Hindsia.

Placenta adnate to the middle of the septum.

Leaves coarsely crenate 4. Heterophyllaea.

Leaves entire.

Flowers solitary; a low shrub. Flowers with a very long and

narrow tube 5. Lecanosperma.

Flowers numerous, in several- or many-flowered inflorescences;

trees or large shrubs.

Capsule splitting from below upward 6. Cinchona.

Capsule splitting from above downward.

Capsule loculicidal 7. Macrocnemum.

Capsule septicidal 8. Ladenbergia.

Corolla lobes imbricate or contorted.

Calyx lobes unequal, one of them often expanded into a large

colored limb 9. Calycophyllum.

Calyx lobes equal or nearly so, none of them expanded into a

large limb.

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 259

Stamens unequal 10. Ferdinandusa.

Stamens equal.

Calyx caducous; seeds bearded 11. Hillia.

Calyx persistent.

Corolla lobes contorted; flowers solitary or clustered.

12. Cosmibuena.

Corolla lobes imbricate; flowers in cymes. .13. Wernhamia.

III. CONDAMINEAE

Calyx lobes unequal, one of them expanded into a large colored limb.

14. Pogonopus.

Calyx lobes equal or nearly so 15. Condaminea.

IV. RONDELETIEAE

Corolla lobes imbricate.

Calyx lobes unequal, one of them often expanded into a large

colored limb 16. Warscewiczia.

Calyx lobes equal or nearly so.

Seeds large; capsule loculicidal 17. Sickingia.

Seeds small; capsule septicidal 18. Bathysa.

Corolla lobes contorted.

Plants small herbs.

Stamens included; leaves opposite 19. Sipanea.

Stamens exserted; leaves verticillate .20. Limnosipanea.

Plants shrubs or trees 21. Elaeagia.

V. HEDYOTIDEAE

A single genus in Bolivia 22. Arcytophyllum.

VI. MUSSAENDEAE

Inflorescence terminal.

Inflorescence elongate, spikelike 23. Gonzalagunia.

Inflorescence thyrsif orm-paniculate 24. Isertia.

Inflorescence axillary.

Plants creeping, herbaceous 25. Coccocypselum.

Plants usually scandent and more or less woody 26. Sabicea.

VII. HAMELIEAE

Ovary 4-5-celled.

Corolla lobes contorted in bud; corolla white 27. Bertiera.

260 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Corolla lobes imbricate in bud; corolla red or yellow . . 28. Hamelia.

Ovary 2-celled 29. Hoffmannia.

VIII. GARDENIEAE

Flowers perfect.

Inflorescences terminal or terminal and axillary.

Corolla not regular, the buds curved. Corolla with an extremely

long and narrow tube 30. Posoqueria.

Corolla regular, the buds not curved.

Flowers arranged in many-flowered cymes 31. Tocoyena.

Flowers solitary or 3-4 in a head 32. Randia.

Inflorescences lateral.

Corolla tube villous in both throat and base; testa of the seeds

fibrous 33. Genipa.

Corolla tube villous in either throat or base, but not in both;

testa not fibrous 32. Randia.

Flowers dioecious.

Stipules forming a conical cap, deciduous above a circular slit.

Staminate flowers in cymes, the pistillate usually solitary, rarely

2-3 in a head 34. Duroia.

Staminate and pistillate flowers both in cymes ... 35. Amaioua.

Stipules free, or connate at the base, not forming a cap that is

dehiscent by a transverse slit.

Staminate inflorescences lateral; plants often armed with spines.

32. Randia.

Staminate flowers terminal; plants unarmed 36. Alibertia.

IX. GUETTARDEAE

Corolla lobes imbricate in bud 37. Guettarda.

Corolla lobes valvate in bud.

Corolla tube slender, much elongate; plants sometimes armed with

spines.

Tips of the corolla lobes with short narrow conelike appendages.

38. Chomelia.

Tips of the corolla lobes unappendaged 39. Anisomeris.

Corolla tube very short; plants unarmed 40. Malanea.

X. CHIOCOCCEAE

A single genus in Bolivia 41. Chiococca.

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 261

XL IXOREAE

Calyx calyculate at the base 42. Coffea.

Calyx not calyculate at the base 43. Ixora.

XII. COUSSAREAE

Ovules connate, borne on a common basal column; seed vertical.

44. Coussarea.

Ovules separate in a 1-celled ovary, collateral, basilar; seed horizontal.

45. Faramea.

XIII. PSYCHOTRIEAE

Inflorescence an involucrate head.

Seeds flat on the inner side; creeping herbs 46. Geophila.

Seeds deeply furrowed on the inner side; usually trees or shrubs.

47. Cephaelis.

Inflorescence not involucrate; flowers usually not in heads.

Stipules not pectinate, or very rarely so ; seeds deeply furrowed or

flat on the inner side.

Corolla tube not gibbous at the base; inflorescence usually not

thyrsoid 48. Psychotria.

Corolla tube gibbous at the base; inflorescence usually thyrsoid.

49. Palicourea.

Stipules pectinate; seed with inrolled ventral surface . . 50. Rudgea.

XIV. PAEDERIEAE

A single genus in Bolivia 51. Paederia.

XV. ANTHOSPERMEAE

Fruit fleshy 52. Nertera.

Fruit dry, separating into 2 cocci 53. Corynula.

XVI. SPERMACOCEAE

Fruit dehiscent as a whole.

Fruit circumscissile 54. Mitracwpus.

Fruit dehiscing longitudinally 55. Stadia.

Fruit separating into cocci which may or may not dehisce.

Cocci 3 or more 56. Richardia.

Cocci 2.

Cocci indehiscent. . . .57. Diodia.

262 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VII

Cocci dehiscent at the base or apex.

Cocci opening only at the base. Flowers axillary.

58. Hemidiodia.

Cocci opening at the apex.

Seeds winged; plants scandent; flowers in umbels.

59. Emmeorrhiza.

Seeds not winged ; plants not scandent; flowers not in umbels.

Cells of the fruit unlike, one opening, the other remaining

closed 60. Spermacoce.

Cells of the fruit alike, both opening 61. Borreria.

XVII. GALIEAE

Flowers surrounded by a calyx-like involucre 62. Relbunium.

Flowers not involucrate. 63. Galium.

1. UNCARIA Schreb.

Uncaria guianensis (Aubl.) Gmel. Syst. 370. 1791. Ourouparia

guianensis Aubl. PI. Guian. 177. pi. 168. 1775.

Guanai, 600 m., Rusby 2104 (F, W). Extending northward to

the Guianas.

A large scandent shrub, armed with stout recurved spines;

flowers small, white, in dense globose heads; fruit dry.

2. MANETTIA L.

Manettia asperifolia Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 270. 1929.

Yungas, 1,800 m., Rusby 2159 (F, type). In forests, Buenavista,

Dept. Santa Cruz, Steinbach 5598 (F, B, Y), 7065 (F, M). Santa

Cruz, 1,000 m., May, 1892, Kuntze (W, Y). Buenavista, Steinbach

5491 (Y).

Leaves short-petiolate, ovate or elliptic, 2-6 cm. long, acute,

abruptly acuminate, or obtuse, at the base rounded or obtuse, densely

rough-puberulent on both surfaces; cymes axillary, densely many-

flowered, sessile or very shortly pedunculate; calyx 8-parted, the lobes

lanceolate or narrowly ovate, 3-6 mm. long, acuminate; corolla red,

pilosulous, the tube 12-22 mm. long, the lobes obovate-rounded.

Manettia Bangii (Rusby) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 271. 1929.

Lygistum Bangii Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 33: 43. 1893.

Yungas, Bang 537 (F, W, M, type collection). Cochabamba,

Bang 1268 (F, M). Catarguato, near Sorata, 2,700 m., Mandon 343

(K). Inchachaca, Dept. Cochabamba, 2,250 m., Steinbach 9248

(B, Y).

Leaves ovate, 4-8 cm. long, acuminate, rounded at the base,

subcoriaceous, puberulent or hispidulous when young but soon gla-

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 263

brous or nearly so; calyx lobes 4, broadly ovate, obtuse or acuminate;

corolla dark red, glabrous outside, the tube 6 mm. long, the lobes

3 mm. long; capsule obovoid, 4-5 mm. long.

Manettia coccinea (Aubl.) Willd. Sp. PI. 1: 624. 1797. Nacibea

coccinea Aubl. PI. Guian. 96. pi. 37, /. 1. 1775.

Yapacani, 400 m., June, 1892, Kuntze (W). San Carlos, 750 m.,

Buchtien 1964 (W). Ranging northward to Mexico.

A slender, nearly glabrous vine; leaves thin, lanceolate to ovate,

3-10 cm. long, acute or acuminate; calyx lobes 8, linear or oblanceo-

late, 4-14 mm. long, ciliate, recurved; corolla red, 17-25 mm. long,

more or less pilose outside; capsule subglobose, 6-10 mm. long,

rounded at the base.

Manettia cordifolia Mart. Denkschr. Acad. Muench. 9: 95. pi. 7.

1824. Guagnebina ignita Veil. Fl. Flum. 45. pi. 115. 1825. M.

ignita Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 170. 1889.

Milluguaya, 1,100 m., Buchtien 4723 (W). Tunari, 3,000 m., in

1892, Kuntze (W). Without locality, Bang (Y). Also in Brazil,

Paraguay, Argentina, and Peru.

Similar to the following variety, but the stems and leaves

puberulent or short-pilose.

The Bang specimen was reported by Rusby (Bull. N. Y. Bot.

Gard. 4: 368. 1907) as Lygistum confertiflorum (Benth.) Rusby.

Manettia cordifolia Mart. var. glabra (C. & S.), comb. nov.

M. glabra C. & S. Linnaea 4: 159. 1829. M. micans Poepp. & Endl.

Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 24. 1845. M. boliviano, Wernham, Gen. Manettia

20. 1919.

Guanai to Tipuani, Bang 1372 (F, W, M, type collection of M.

boliviano). Polo-Polo, Nordyungas, 1,100 m., Buchtien 252 (F, M);

in 1912, Buchtien (W). Mapiri, 1,500 m., Rusby 1126 (F, W). Prov.

Chapare, Dept. Cochabamba, 1,500 m., Steinbach 9055 (B). Millu-

guaya, Nordyungas, 800 m., December, 1917, Buchtien (F). Guanai,

600 m., Rusby 1127 (F). Buenavista, Dept. Santa Cruz, 450 m.,

Steinbach 7092 (F, M). Cochabamba, Bang 1255 (F, M, W). Chiquica,

1,000 m., Fiebrig 2686 (W). Antahuacana, 750 m., Buchtien 2265

(F, W). Rio Piray, Dept. Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 6240 (B, K).

Ranging with the species.

A slender, nearly glabrous vine with large, lanceolate or ovate,

long-acuminate, thin leaves; calyx lobes 4, thin, oblong or lanceolate,

large and unequal; corolla bright red, 3-5 cm. long.

In describing M. boliviana, Wernham lays great stress upon the

raised angles of the stems, which are furnished with minute reflexed

teeth. These angles and teeth seem to be well developed only in

tightly twining stems and nearly or quite absent on the larger ones.

The subterete stems supposed to characterize M. cordifolia and the

264 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VII

angled ones described as distinguishing M. boliviano, occur upon the

same plant, and I do not believe that M. boliviano, should be main-

tained even as a variety.

In The Genus Manettia Wernham credits the combination M.

cordifolia var. glabra to Schumann, but the latter published no such

name, referring the variety rather to M. ignita, which is a synonym

of M. cordifolia.

Manettia divaricata Wernham, Gen. Manettia 41. 1919.

Cochabamba, Bang 1 269 (F, M, W, type collection) . Also in Peru.

Leaves ovate-elliptic, acuminate, acute at the base, glabrous;

calyx lobes 4, ovate, acute, thick and fleshy, 3 mm. long; capsule

subglobose, glabrous, 8 mm. long.

Manettia Fiebrigii, sp. nov. — Herba volubilis, caulibus gracili-

bus cortice pallide brunnescente obtectis, novellis pilis debilibus

patentibus vel reflexis villosis; stipulae extus villosae in vaginam

1-1.5 mm. longam connatae, parte libera brevi acutiuscula; folia

petiolata membranacea opposita, petiolo gracili villoso 2-4 mm.

longo; lamina oyata vel oblongo-ovata 1.5-3 cm. longa 1-1.5 cm.

lata longe acuminata, acumine angusto Ipnge attenuate, basi rotun-

data vel obtusa, supra viridis, ubique villosula, venis non elevatis,

subtus pallidior, dense villosa, costa gracili prominente, nervis

lateralibus utroque latere c. 4 gracillimis prominulis angulo acuto

adscendentibus, nervulis obsoletis; flores in axillis fasciculati pauci,

pedicellis villosis 2-3 mm. longis; hypanthium pbovoideum 1-1.5

mm. longum dense villosum; calyx 4-partitus, laciniis linearibus vel

subulatis rigidiusculis subpatentibus 1 mm. longis acutis; corolla

extus glabra, tubo crasso 4 mm. longo superne vix dilatato fauce 2.5

mm. lato, lobis 4 ovato-ellipticis 2.5 mm. longis acutis subpatentibus

intus dense villosis; capsula immatura subglobosa villosa 2 mm. longa.

—Bolivia: Rocky slope, Tarija, alt. 2,200 m., January 28, 1904,

K. Fiebrig 2779 (Herb. Berol., type).

Manettia hispida Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 24. pi.

228. 1845.

Reported from Porongo, at 550 m., Herzog 1494 (Med. Rijks

Herb. 46: 22. 1922). Also in Peru.

Stipules oblong, acute; leaves elliptic or oblong, acute at the base

and apex, densely pilose, the hairs enlarged at the base; calyx lobes

8, spatulate-oval, ciliate; corolla red, sparsely stiff-pilose, the tube

nearly 1.5 cm. long; capsule ovoid, acute.

Manettia Pearcei Wernham, Gen. Manettia 36. 1919.

Type collected near Moro, at 1,200-1,500 m., Pearce. Wernham

reports also Pearce 288, collected on the road to Cueva Grande,

at 2,100 m. The species has been ascribed incorrectly to Colombia.

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 265

Leaves elliptic, 6-10 cm. long, acuminate, acute at the base,

scaberulous above, hispidulous-pilose beneath; calyx 8-parted, the

lobes lanceolate, 5 mm. long or more; corolla red, sparsely puberulous

outside, the tube 15 mm. long, the lobes 6 mm. long.

Manettia Tatei, sp. nov. — Volubilis, caulibus gracilibus tereti-

bus, vetustioribus ochraceis, novellis dense pilis retrorsis pallidis

pilosis, internodiis elongatis; stipulae erectae persistentes pallidae

triangulares usque ad 3 mm. longae subobtusae hispidulae integrae;

folia petiolata opposita, petiolo gracili 2-5 mm. longo pilosulo;

lamina crasse membranacea elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica 2.5-4 cm.

longa, 1.2-2 cm. lata, acuta vel breviter abrupteque acuminate,

acumine acuto, basi rotundata usque ad acuta, supra luteo-viridis,

sparse pilosa, costa prominula, venis obsoletis, subtus pallidior,

dense pilis albidis plus minusve intertextis piloso-tomentosa, costa

gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 6 obliquis, angulo

semirecto abeuntibus, gracilibus, prominentibus, juxta marginem

conjunctis, nervulis obscuris; flores in axillis breviter laxeque race-

mosi, racemis paucifloris foliis brevioribus, interdum umbellati,

umbellis breviter pedunculatis, bracteis parvis et inconspicuis, pedi-

cellis gracilibus tomentosis plerumque 5-7 mm. longis; hypanthium

obovoideum 1.5-2 mm. longum dense ochraceo-tomentosum ; calyx

4-partitus, lobis orbicularibus 1-1.5 mm. longis patentibus vel sub-

recurvis dense tomentellis persistentibus; corolla 5 mm. longa superne

tomentosa, tubo gracili supra paullo dilatato, lobis brevibus obtusis

c. 1.5 mm. longis; capsula obovoidea dense tomentosa 3-3.5 mm.

longa basi acuta. — Bolivia: Nequejahuira, Cordillera Real, alt. 2,400

m., May 15-24, 1926, G. H. H. Tate 682 (Herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.,

type).

Manettia tenuis (Britton) Wernham, Gen. Manettia 33. 1919.

Lygistum tenue Britton ex Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 6: 45. 1896.

M. Rusbyana Sprague ex Wernham, loc. cit., as synonym.

Near Sorata, Bang 1725 (F, W, M, type collection). Espiritu

Santo, Bang 1268 (F). Mapiri, 750 m., Rusby 2158 (W). Rio

Juntas, 1,000 m., April, 1892, Kuntze (W). Hacienda Casana,

Tipuani Valley, 1,400 m.,Buchtien 7519a (W), 7519 (W), 7620 (W).

San Carlos, Mapiri region, 600 m.,Buchtien 1432 (F, B).

Leaves oblong-ovate, 4-7 cm. long, acuminate, obtuse at the base,

thin, minutely pilose along the costa, elsewhere glabrous; calyx lobes

4, linear, 2-2.5 mm. long; corolla described as about 1 cm. long;

capsule globose-obovoid, 4 mm. long.

Manettia tomentosa (Rusby), comb. nov. Lygistum tomento-

sum Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer. PI. 131. 1920.

Type from Unduavi, North Yungas, at 3,300 m., Buchtien 620.

Unduavi, 3,300 m., Buchtien 913 (W), 2991 (W, B).

Leaves oblong to ovate, very thick, acute, rounded at the base,

2-4 cm. long, 1.5-2 cm. wide, tomentose; calyx lobes triangular-

266 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

ovate, acutish, 6 mm. long; corolla tube about equaling the calyx, the

lobes about as long as the tube; capsule 6-7 mm. long, acutish at the

base.

3. HINDSIA Benth.

Hindsia Fiebrigii Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 40: 320. 1908.

Rocky places, Toldos, near Bermejo, alt. 2,100 m., Fiebrig 2396

(photo, and fragm. of type ex Herb. Berol. in F).

A shrub 1 m. high; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or ovate-lanceo-

late, 3-6 cm. long, acute at the base and apex, sparsely white-pilose

beneath on the nerves; flowers in terminal 6-10-flowered cymes;

calyx lobes 5, lanceolate, acute, 7-8 mm. long; corolla white, funnel-

form, the tube 4-7 cm. long, the 5 lobes ovate, 1 cm. long; capsule

globose, 6-8 mm. in diameter.

4. HETEROPHYLLAEA Hook. f.

Heterophyllaea pustulata Hook. f. Icon. PI. pi 1134. 1873;

Schum. in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 44: 49. /. 18,F,G. 1891.

Type from Bolivia.

A small shrub with oblong glandular-pustulate leaves; flowers

large, in terminal clusters, white, fragrant; calyx lobes linear-lanceo-

late, acuminate.

H. Mandonii Schum., loc. cit., is a name only, based on a Bolivian

plant.

5. LECANOSPERMA Rusby

Lecanosperma lycioides Rusby, Bull. Torrey Club 20: 431.

pi 168. 1893.

Type collected in the region of Cochabamba, Bang 1121. Cocha-

bamba, Bang 1122 (F, G, W). La Granja, 2,600 m., Julio 146 (W).

Cotana, 2,600 m., Buchtien 3263 (F, W). Aranjuez, 3,100 m.,

Buchtien5771 (W). Without locality, Bridges (K). Without definite

locality, Bridges 164 (L). Also in Peru.

A stiff much-branched shrub 2 m. high or less; leaves elliptic-

oblong, 3-12 mm. long, glabrous or nearly so; flowers terminal, soli-

tary; corolla deep violet, nearly 2 cm. long, the tube slender; capsule

6 mm. long.

Herzog reports the vernacular name "aeeguera" for the plant.

6. CINCHONA L.

In enumerating the Rubiaceae of Ecuador, the writer already

has quoted at length an account of the discovery of the cinchona

trees, and of their introduction into the East Indies (see Field Mus.

Bot. 7: 188. 1931). Those who wish to inform themselves upon this

interesting subject are recommended to read Clements R. Mark-

ham's Peruvian Bark (London, 1880), which gives a full and well

written account of the subject.

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 267

From this book there may be quoted here the following extract

regarding the cinchona districts of Bolivia:

The cinchona region of Bolivia and southern Peru, although

one of the most important, was the last to contribute supplies of

bark to the European markets. The trees first became known through

the investigations of the German botanist Thaddaeus Haenke, and a

Spanish naval officer named Rubin de Celis, who drew the attention

of the inhabitants to the valuable forests on the eastern slopes of the

Bolivian Andes in 1776, though the unfortunate French naturalist

Joseph de Jussieu had previously explored some portions of those

forests. But it was not until 1820, when quinine was first recognized

as the febrifuge principle of bark, that the Cinchona calisaya was

recognized as containing more of that alkaloid than any other species.

After 1820 the demand for calisaya bark increased enormously;

great numbers of cascarilleros, or bark-collectors, entered the forests,

and in a short time scarcely a tree remained in the vicinity of inhabited

places; and the bark was exported in such quantities that the price

fell very much. It was not, however, until 1830 that the Bolivian

government interfered in the bark trade. It was then considered

necessary by General Santa Cruz's administration to check the drain

of this precious source of wealth by limiting the quantity of bark to

be cut or exported; and in November, 1834, the Bolivian Congress

decreed a law on the subject, which, however, never took effect.

Finally, the cutting was prohibited for five years, but before the

expiration of that period the decree was abrogated, and an export

duty of twenty dollars the quintal, or cwt. was imposed.

In 1844 the Bolivian Congress authorized the President, General

Ballivian, to negotiate for the establishment of a national bank of

bark, with the requisite capital, to export all the quinquina bark

produced in the country. This Bolivian legislation on the cinchona

bark, which is considered, with justice, the most important product

of their country, is very curious, and sufficiently demonstrates the

futility of attempting a system of protection and monopoly. Instead

of taking measures to prevent the reckless destruction of the trees,

to establish extensive nurseries for young plants, and thus ensure a

constant and sufficient supply of bark, these Bolivians have meddled

with the trade, attempted to regulate European prices by the most

barbarous legislation, and allowed the forests to be denuded of

cinchona-trees.

There follows a detailed account of the somewhat erratic policies

followed by the Bolivian government in regulating the cinchona

industry. In one period of two years 3,000,000 pounds of bark were

exported from the country.

Markham's account continues:

For exportation the bark used to be wrapped in fresh bullock-

hides, having been previously sewn up in thick cotton bags containing

155 pounds each. These hide packages are called serous, a mule-

268 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VII

load being 285 pounds, and the transport to the coast costs about

ten dollars for each mule-load. The bark from Bolivia now comes

in bales.

It is to the persevering energy and great talent of that distin-

guished French botanist Dr. Weddell that we owe our knowledge

of the cinchona regions of Bolivia and southern Peru, and especially

of the inestimable quinine-yielding species which he identified as the

C. calisaya.

Dr. Weddell derives the name of this species from the Quichua

words colli (red) and saya (form); Poeppig from colla (a remedy)

and salla (rocky ground) ; Von Tschudi from collisara (reddish maize).

Dr. Laefdael, the Judge of Caravaya, told me it came from ccali

(strong) and sayay (become or be thou). Calisaya is the name of

a family of Indian Caciques in Caravaya, one of whom acted an

important part in the revolt of 1780-81. The plant may have been

called after him.

Dr. Weddell accompanied the scientific expedition of the Count

de Castelnau, which was sent out by Louis Philippe to South America,

and, after crossing the vast empire of Brazil, entered Bolivia by the

country of the Chiquitos in August, 1845. It was Dr. Weddell's

chief object to examine the cinchona region of this country, and his

first step was to proceed to Tarija, to ascertain the extreme southern

limit of the cinchona-trees, which he discovered in 19° S. lat. He

named the species C. australis. Dr. Weddell then commenced a

thorough exploration of the Bolivian cinchona forests, making his

way over the most difficult country, from Cochabamba, through

Ayopaya, Enquisiyi, and the yungus of La Paz; where the species

of Cinchonae continued to multiply under his eye. In Enquisivi he

first met with and studied the C. calisaya, which he named and de-

scribed, collecting much information respecting the trade, and the

methods of collecting bark. In 1847 he entered the province of

Caupolican, descending the river Tipuani, where he was attacked

by fever, and ascending the Mapiri. At Apollobamba, the center

of the most ancient bark-collecting district, he found that the sur-

rounding forests were quite cleared of cinchona-trees, and that it

was necessary to seek for them at a distance of ten or twelve days'

journey from any inhabited place.

Dr. Weddell's valuable monograph on the Cinchona genus,

Histoire naturelle des Quinquinas, the most important work that, up

to that time, had appeared on the subject, was published at Paris

in 1849.

In 1851 Dr. Weddell undertook a second voyage to South America,

and in 1852 he entered the Bolivian cinchona region of Tipuani by

way of Sorata. He encountered the first forest cinchona-trees at

an elevation of 7,138 feet, being the C. ovata yar. vulgaris. Descend-

ing still, he came to paccay-trees (Inga sp.) in flower, and met with

the first plant of the shrubby variety of C. calisaya, on an open grassy

ridge or pajonal, at an elevation of 4,800 feet.

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 269

Dr. Weddell descended the river Tipuani to Guanay, a mission

of Lecos Indians, and ascended the Coroico in a canoe made of the

wood of a species ofBombax. There were many trees of C. micrantha

on the banks of the Coroico, a species of Cinchona, the peculiarity

of which is its fondness for the bottoms of valleys and banks of rivers,

while most of the others prefer elevated ridges or slopes of the

mountains. With it were growing trees of the beautiful Ladenbergia

magnifolia, an allied genus with deliciously fragrant flowers.

The cascarilleros of Bolivia lead a hard and dangerous life. They

only value the C. calisaya, the other species being for them carhua-

carhua, a name given to all the inferior kinds. Those who carry

the bark on their shoulders from the interior of the forests receive

fifteen dollars for every quintal, and they also have to carry all their

provisions and covering for the night. If by any accident they are

lost, or their provisions are destroyed, they die of hunger.

The C. calisaya species has been divided by Dr. Weddell into

two varieties, namely vera and Josephiana. The former, when grow-

ing under favorable circumstances, is a tall tree, often larger round

than twice a man's girth, with its leafy head rising above all the other

trees of the forest. The leaves are oblong or lanceolate-obovate,

pitted in the axils of the veins, with a shining green surface, and

reddish veins. The flowers, which hang in large panicles, are a rosy-

white color, with laciniae rose-color, and bordered by marginal white

hairs. The capsule is smooth, and about twice as long as broad.

This tree grows on declivities, and steep rugged places of the moun-

tains, from 4,900 to 5,900 feet above the sea, in the forests of Enqui-

sivi, Caupplican, Apollobamba, and Larecaja in Bolivia, and of

Caravaya in Peru. The trunk may be known by the periderm of

the bark, sometimes of a grayish-white, sometimes brown or blackish,

being always marked by longitudinal ridges or cracks, a character-

istic remarked of no other tree of these forests, excepting one or two

of the same family. The taste is strongly bitter, which is apparent

directly the tip of the tongue touches it, and when the exterior

receives a cut, a yellow gummy resinous matter exudes from it.

The bark comes off with great ease, like peeling a mushroom, while

in the inferior kinds, and above all in the false cinchonas, it strips

transversely, and with much greater difficulty. A good tree yields

150 to 175 pounds of dried bark.

The other variety of C. Calisaya, called ychu cascarilla, or cascarilla

del pajonal, by the natives, was named Josephiana by Dr. Weddell

after the unfortunate French botanist Joseph de Jussieu. It is a

shrub, not attaining a greater height than six and one-half to ten

feet, and growing on open grassy slopes, at much higher elevations

than the tree calisaya. There is another tree variety with a some-

what darker leaf, which Dr. Weddell classed as a distinct species,

and called C. boliviana in 1849, but which he afterwards considered

to be a mere variety of C. calisaya. The other good kinds in the forests

of Bolivia and Caravaya are C. micrantha, and two varieties of

C. ovata.

270 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VII

Dr. Weddell brought seeds of C. calisaya to Paris, which were

raised in the Jardin des Plantes in 1848, and others in the garden of

the Horticultural Society of London, where one of the plants flowered.

Many of these plants were given away, and some of them were sent

by the Dutch government to Java.

When in 1859 the British government laid careful plans for the

introduction of cinchona trees into the mountains of India, the

direction of the project was entrusted to Markham, author of

the book just quoted. He arranged for collection of seeds and plants

in all the chief production centers of the Andes, and the collection of

material in Bolivia was entrusted to Charles Ledger, who had resided

in Bolivia and Peru for more than twenty years. Regarding the

success of Ledger's undertaking, Markham gives the following

account:

In his endeavor to secure a supply of the best Calisaya seeds,

Mr. Ledger sent for his old servant Manuel in 1861, and gave him

the necessary instructions for collecting seeds from the best kinds

of cascarilla trees. The Bolivian bark collectors recognize three

kinds, called roja, morada, and naranjada. The leaves of the roja

variety of Calisaya are bright scarlet underneath, and dark green

above. This kind is considered to produce the richest bark.

Manuel Mamani, with his sons, proceeded to the cinchona forests

as bark collectors, but the best trees did not produce ripe fruit for

four years. When in full flower and most promising, a frost in April

always destroyed the ripening prospect. Old Manuel waited patiently,

year after year, cutting bark with his sons and looking out for an

opportunity of fulfilling Mr. Ledger's commission. At last the time

came. He gathered seeds from about fifty trees, chiefly of the roja

kind, and safely delivered them to Mr. Ledger, in June, 1865. He

was paid well, and instructed to return for more seeds of the roja,

morada, and naranjada varieties of Calisaya. Poor Manuel's fate

was very melancholy. The Bolivians are extremely jealous of their

bark monopoly. The Corregidor of Coroico, one of the forest prov-

inces to the east of the Andes, seized the seed collector and threw

him into prison, where he was beaten to make him confess who the

seeds found on him were for. After being confined in prison for about

three weeks, beaten and half starved, he was at last set at liberty,

robbed of his donkeys and blankets, and all he possessed. This

most faithful old servant, the true-hearted Manuel Incra Mamani,

died from the ill-treatment he had received very soon afterwards.

Manuel's son brought the news to Mr. Ledger, having come to

account honestly for the money his father had received. It is a

sad story; but at the same time it is very pleasant to have to record

these noble traits of character in the Indians, the descendants of

men who formed and organized the glorious empire of the Incas.

Owing to the dangers to which the poor Indians were exposed in

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 271

collecting seeds, Mr. Ledger resolved not to employ them again on

such hazardous duty. Old Manuel had served him faithfully for

thirty years.

The seeds collected in 1865, and delivered to Mr. Ledger in June

of that year, were very carefully and judiciously dried and packed,

and arrived at their destination in excellent condition. They were

sent to London, to the care of Mr. Ledger's brother, who sold half

to the Dutch Government for the Java plantations, and half to Mr.

Money, a cinchona planter on the Nilgiri hills. As many as 20,000

seeds germinated in Java, and a still greater number in India, pro-

ducing numerous varieties. The plants, of which 7,000 survived in

Java, had increased in number to 40,000 in 1874, and in 1875, 10,977

had been planted out.

These plants yield an extraordinarily large quantity of quinine,

as much as 9.97 per cent. In this respect they are unequaled, so

that the service thus performed by Mr. Ledger is one of very great

importance, which deserves special recognition. Mr. Howard has

appropriately named the richest of quinine yielding trees the C.

Calisaya var. Ledgeriana.

Cinchona asperifolia Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 7. 1848.

Described from Bolivia, without indication of locality or collector.

Leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, acute, pilose on both surfaces,

in age rough above; capsule linear-oblong.

Cinchona Humboldtiana Lamb. 111. Cinch. 7. 1821.

Rio Miguelito, 1,500 m., May 15, 1892, Kuntze (F, M). Also

in Peru and Ecuador.

Branchlets villous; leaves lanceolate to elliptic, acute at each

end, finally glabrate above, densely villous beneath; panicles dense,

villous; calyx teeth very short, acute; capsule oblong, 2-2.5 cm.

long, villous or glabrate.

The Kuntze collection was distributed as a variety of C. cara-

bayensis Wedd.

Cinchona micrantha R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 52. pi. 194. 1799.

Monterico, 900-1,500 m., March, 1867, Pearce (K). Reported

from various other localities in Bolivia. Also in Peru and Ecuador.

A medium-sized tree, the branchlets sericeous or glabrate; stipules

ovate, obtuse, glabrous; leaves petiolate, oval, obovate, or rounded,

obtuse to rounded at the apex, acute to rounded at the base, large,

coriaceous, nearly glabrous but usually pilose beneath along the

costa; inflorescence large, terminal, open, many-flowered, paniculate,

minutely tomentose, leafy; hypanthium minutely tomentose; calyx

minute, 5-dentate, the teeth acute, purplish; corolla pink, about 6

mm. long, densely tomentulose, the lobes much shorter than the

tube, villous within; capsule oblong, acute, about 1.5 cm. long, striate.

272 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Called "quina canela," according to Herzog. This species formerly

was a source of the drug quinine.

Cinchona officinalis L. Sp. PI. 172. 1753. C. lancifolia Mutis,

"Periodico de Santa Fe" 465. 1793. C. nitida R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2:

50. pi. 191. 1799. C. lanceolata R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 51. 1799.

C. Condaminea Humb. & Bonpl. PI. Aequin. 1: 33. pi. 10.

1808. C. macrocalyx DC. Bibl. Univ. 41: 150. 1829. C. calisaya

Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 6. 1848 (type from Bolivia). C.

amygdalifolia Wedd., loc. cit. (described from Bolivia and Peru).

C. boliviano, Wedd., op. cit. 7. 1848 (type from Bolivia). C. calisaya

a calisaya vera Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 11: 269. 1849. C. calisaya

ft Josephiana Wedd., loc. cit. C. Condaminea 5 lancifolia Wedd., loc.

cit. C. lancifolia var. calisaya Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. 12: 35.

1869. C. Forbesiana Howard ex Wedd., op. cit. 36. 1869 (type from

banks of Rio Mapiri, Larecaja, at 300-1,200 m., Forbes). C. calisaya

var. microcarpa Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. 11: 361. 1869 (type from

Valley of Coroico, Yungas). C. calisaya var. boliviano, Wedd., loc.

cit. 1869. C. calisaya var. oblongifolia Wedd., loc. cit. 1869 (type

from Yungas). C. calisaya var. pallida Wedd., loc. cit. (type from

Valley of Tipuani, Larecaja). C. Josephiana Wedd., loc. cit. 1869.

C. Josephiana subvar. glabra Wedd., loc. cit. 1869. C. Josephiana

subvar. pubescens Wedd., loc. cit. 1869. C. Josephiana subvar.

discolor Wedd., loc. cit. 1869 (type from Valley of Petechuco).

C. Weddelliana Kuntze, Monogr. Cinchona 29. 1878 (type from

Bolivia). C. Ledgereana Moens ex Trimen, Journ. Bot. 19: 323. 1881.

Sorata, Bang 1612 (F, M). Sierra de Santa Cruz, 700 m., June,

1892, Kuntze (M). Sirupaya, South Yungas, 2,050 m.,Buchtien 255

(W). Mapiri, 1,350 m., Rusby Dl (F, Y), Cl (M), J3 (M),F1 (M),

F5 (F). San Carlos, region of Mapiri, 850 m., Buchtien 1410 (B),

1425 (B); at 950 m., Buchtien 1418 (B). San Jose", region of Mapiri,

l,QWm.,Buchtien!427(B). Without locality, Rusby F2(F). Province

of Yungas, Weddell 4108 (W). Milluguaya, North Yungas, 900 m.,

Buchtien 762 (F). Yungas, Bang 510 (F, M, W). Polo-Polo, North

Yungas, 1,100 m., Buchtien 3913 (B, W), 3914 (B, W), 3915 (B, W).

Mapiri, 1,350 m., Rusby H4 (Y), Kl (Y), H5 (Y). San Carlos,

Mapiri region, 950 m., Buchtien 1419 (B, W), 1420 (B, W) ; at 850 m.,

Buchtien 1422 (B, W), 1426 (B, W). San Jose", Mapiri region, 1,000 m.,

Buchtien 1424 (B, W). Hacienda Casana, Tipuani Valley, 1,400 m.,

Buchtien 7496 (B, W), 7497 (B, W), 7498 (B, W). San Carlos, Buchtien

1421 (F, B), 1423 (F, B). Ranging northward to Colombia.

A large or medium-sized tree, or sometimes only a shrub, the trunk

occasionally as much as 1-1.5 m. in diameter, the bark rugose, fuscous,

the branchlets strigillose-pilosulous; stipules free, lanceolate or oblong,

acute or obtuse, glabrous, deciduous; leaves petiolate, lanceolate to

elliptic or ovate, small, acute, acuminate, or obtuse, at the base

attenuate to rounded, subcoriaceous, glabrous above, beneath gla-

brous or puberulent or hispidulous, especially on the veins, commonly

about 10 cm. long and 3.5-4 cm. wide, often scrobiculate beneath;

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 273

inflorescence terminal, leafy, cymose-paniculate, dense, many-

flowered; hypanthium strigose; calyx glabrous or nearly so, reddish,

the teeth triangular, acute; corolla pink or red, sericeous, the tube

about 1 cm. long, the 5 lobes ovate, acute; capsule oblong, striate-

costate, usually 1.5-2 cm. long, glabrate.

Known in Bolivia by the following names and probably by still

others: Quina amarilla, calisaya, calisaya zamba, calisaya zambita,

cascarilla morada, quina morada, calisaya blanca, calisaya morada,

calisaya verde morada.

Cinchona pubescens Vahl, Skrivt. Naturh. Selsk. 1 : 19. 1790.

C. hirsuta R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 51. pi. 192. 1799. C. purpurea

R. & P., op. cit. 52. pi. 193. 1799. C. ovata R. & P., op. cit. 52. pi.

195. 1799. C. cordifolia Mutis ex Willd. Ges. Naturf. Freund Berlin

Mag. 1: 117. 1807. C. asperifolia Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 7.

1848 (type from Bolivia). C. australis Wedd., loc. cit. 1848 (type

from Bolivia). C. Pelletieriana Wedd., op. cit. 8. 1848 (described

from Bolivia and Peru). C. purpurascens Wedd., loc. cit. 1848

(described from Bolivia and Peru). C. Chomeliana Wedd., op. cit. 9.

1848 (type from Bolivia). C. pubescens a Pelletieriana Wedd. Ann.

Sci. Nat. III. 11: 270. 1849. C. succirubra Pav6n ex Klotzsch, Abh.

Akad. Berl. 1857: 60. 1858.

Tunari, 3,300 m., in 1892, Kuntze (F, M). Without locality,

Bang 2229 (F, M). Mapiri, 1,350 m., Rusby K2 (F, M). Guanai to

Tipuani, Bang 1404 (F, M). Without locality, Rusby E 9 (W). San

Carlos, near Mapiri, 800 m.,Buchtien 1644 (F). Sarampiuni, Mapiri

region, 600 m.,Buchtien 1407 (B, W), 1409 (W). Sarampiuni, region

of Mapiri, 500 m., Buchtien 1409 (B). Forest of Kuriloma, San

Onufre, Dept. Cochabamba, 1,700 m., Steinbach 9330 (B). Extending

to Colombia.

A medium-sized tree, the trunk about 30 cm. in diameter, the

branchlets variously pubescent; stipules free, large, ovate, obtuse or

acute, caducous, sericeous or nearly glabrous; leaves petiolate,

usually broadly ovate to orbicular, large, rounded to acute at the

apex, at the base cordate to acute, often decurrent, usually glabrate

above but often pubescent, beneath densely pilose to nearly glabrous,

often scrobiculate; inflorescence terminal, leafy, paniculate, large and

many-flowered, open, the flowers subsessile; hypanthium sericeous;

calyx 5-dentate, minutely sericeous or tomentulose; corolla red or

pink, sericeous, the tube commonly about 1 cm. long, the lobes

lanceolate, 5-7 mm. long, villous within; capsule lanceolate or oblong,

striate-costate, glabrate, usually 1.5-2.5 cm. long.

Called "quina morada," according to Herzog.

7. MACROCNEMUM L.

Macrocnemum roseum (R. & P.) Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 1:

76. 1854. Cinchona rosea R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 54. pi. 199. 1799. M.

hirsutum Rusby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: 370. 1927.

274 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VII

Rurrenabaque, 300 m., Rusby 1296 (Y, type of M. hirsutum;

photo, in F), 1593 (W, Y). Ranging northward to Colombia.

A tree; leaves oblong to obovate-oblong, 6-13 cm. long, obtuse,

at the base cuneate to obtuse, glabrous above, puberulent beneath in

the axils of the veins; inflorescence ferruginous- tomentose; corolla

pink, 11-12 mm. long; capsule 1.5-2 cm. long.

Macrocnemum Sprucei Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 6: 44. 1896.

Between Tipuani and Guanai, Bang 1635 (F, M, type collection).

Bosques de Buenavista, Dept. Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 7273

(F), 7441 (F, M), 7084 (F, M). Also in Peru.

A small tree, sometimes 6 m. high, nearly glabrous throughout;

leaves short-petioled, obovate, obtuse at the apex, obtuse or acutish

at the base; corolla rose-purple, the tube 1 cm. long, the lobes pubes-

cent within; capsule 1.5-2.5 cm. long.

Macrocnemum tortuosum Herzog, Repert. Sp. Nov. 7: 68.

1909.

Type from the rain forest of Quebrada de Cufiucu, alt. 600 m.,

Herzog 308.

A medium-sized tree; leaves obovate, broadly cuneate at the base,

glabrous, about 18 cm. long and 9 cm. wide; corolla tube 1 cm. long,

the lobes glabrous; capsule 3 cm. long.

8. LADENBERGIA Klotzsch

Ladenbergia carua (Wedd.), comb. nov. Cascarilla carua Wedd.

Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 12. 1848. Cinchona carua Miq. Ann. Mus.

Bot. Lugd. Bat. 4: 275. 1868-69. Buena carua Wedd. Journ. Linn.

Soc. 11:187. 1869.

San Carlos, near Mapiri, 750 m., Buchtien 2008 (W); at 850 m.,

Buchtien 1403 (B, W), 1404 (B, F, W), 1405 (B, W), 1406 (B, W),

1417 (B, W). Mapiri, 1,350 m., Rusby Gl (W). Also in Peru.

A tree, the branchlets ferruginous- tomentose; stipules large, free

or connate at the base, obtuse or rounded, tomentose; leaves oblong

or oval, very large, 30-40 cm. long or more, obtuse or acute, at the

base cordate or rounded, pubescent or glabrate above, beneath fer-

ruginous-tomentose; panicles large, terminal, rather few-flowered,

the flowers white, very fragrant, calyx teeth short, triangular; corolla

densely sericeous, 4.5-5 cm. long, the 5 lobes more than half as long

as the tube; capsule oblong-clavate, 3.5-5 cm. long, ferruginous-

tomentose.

Called "carua" and "cascarilla de mula."

Ladenbergia magnifolia (R. & P.) Klotzsch in Hayne, Arznei-

gew. 14: sub pi. 15. 1846. Cinchona magnifolia R. & P. Fl. Peruv.

2: 53. pi. 196. 1799. Cascarilla magnifolia Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III.

10: 10. 1848. Buena magnifolia Wedd. Journ. Linn. Soc. 11: 186.

1869.

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 275

Tipuani to Guanai, Bang 1661 (F, M, W). Yungas, 1,200 m.,

Rusby 2348 (F). Sarampiuni, Mapiri region, 600 m., Buchtien 1408

(B, W). Ranging northward to Colombia.

A tall or medium-sized tree with cinnamon-brown bark; stipules

2-3 cm. long, free or nearly so, acute, sericeous; leaves long-petiolate,

coriaceous, elliptic to oblong-ovate or even rounded, 10-30 cm.

long and 7-20 cm. wide or larger, acute to rounded at the base and

apex, glabrous above, pubescent or glabrate beneath; inflorescence

terminal, long-pedunculate, many-flowered, paniculate, the flowers

white; calyx teeth 4-5, triangular-ovate, acute, tomentulose; corolla

sericeous, 1.5 cm. long, the lobes about equaling the tube; capsule

linear-oblong or lanceolate, 2.5-7 cm. long, 7-10 mm. broad, glabrate.

Called "cascarillo amarillo" and "cinchona" in Peru.

Ladenbergia magnifolia (R. & P.) Klotzsch, var. rostrata

(Wedd.), comb. nov. Cascanlla rostrata Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III.

10: 10. 1848. C. magnifolia y rostrata Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III.

11:271.1849.

Described from Bolivia and Peru.

Differing from the typical form in the capsule, which is linear-

lanceolate and attenuate to each end.

Ladenbergia sericea, sp. nov. — Arbor alta, ramulis gracilibus

plus minusve obtuse angulatis ochraceis, noyellis dense sericeis cito

glabratis, internodiis brevibus; stipulae persistentes ferrugineae ob-

longo-ovatae 1.5-2 cm. longae longiacuminatae extus sparse sericeae

vel fere glabrae; folia breviter petiolata opposita crasse membranacea,

petiolo crassiusculo 1-1.5 cm. longo sparse sericeo vel glabrato;

lamina oblonga vel obovato-oblonga 14-22 cm. longa, 4-7 cm. lata

abrupte acuminata, acumine angusto sensim acuminato, basi obtusa

vel subacuta, supra fusco-viridis, primo sparse sericea sed cito

glabrata, venis non eleyatis, subtus paullo pallidior, brunnescens,

primo dense pilis longis mollibus griseis adpressis dense sericea,

serius glabrata, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere

c. 20 angulo lato adscendentibus prominentibus gracilibus leviter

arcuatis marginem fere attingentibus, nervulis vix prominulis arete

reticulatis; inflorescentia terminalis breviter vel longe pedunculata

cymoso-paniculata 4-7 cm. longa et aequilata, laxe multiflora, ramis

dense pilis longis griseis vel brunnescentibus sericeis, floribus sessili-

bus vel subsessilibus in cymulas paucifloras dispositis, bracteis

caducis; hypanthium lineare c. 8 mm. longum dense adpresso-pilosum ;

calyx late campanulatus c. 5 mm. longus extus dense adpresso-pilosus

ad medium 5-lobus, lobis late ovatis acutis vel breviter acuminatis

intus glabris; corolla extus pilis longis fulvis adpressis vel adscendenti-

bus dense induta, tubo crassiusculo 2 cm. longo 2.5 mm. crasso supra

non dilatato, lobis patentibus oblongis vel ovato-oblongis crispis

7-8 mm. longis acutis vel acutiusculis intus fere glabris; capsula

linearis 2.5-3.5 cm. longa c. 3 mm. crassa glabrata, valvis post

276 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VII

dehiscentiam valde tortis. — Bolivia: San Carlos, region of Mapiri, alt.

850 m., January 17, 1927, OttoBuchtien 1395 (Herb. Field Mus. No.

608,975, type; duplicate in herb. Berol.).

The species may be recognized by the abundant, silky, glistening

pubescence of the young leaves.

9. GALYCOPHYLLUM DC.

Calycophyllum multiflorum Griseb. Symb. Fl. Arg. 155. 1879.

Chiquiaca, 1,000 m., Fiebrig 2729 (W). Buenavista, Dept. Santa

Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 7147 (F). Also in Paraguay and Argentina.

A tree 6-25 m. high; leaves oblong to elliptic, 4-6 cm. long, obtuse

or acutish, beneath minutely appressed-pilose along the nerves,

short-barbate in the axils; flowers in small dense leafy panicles;

calyx lobes lance-subulate; corolla white, 4-5 mm. long.

Called "bayabecho," according to Steinbach.

Calycophyllum. Spruceanum (Benth.) Hook. f. ex Schum. in

Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 191. pi. 106. 1889. Eukylista Spruceana Benth.

Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 230. 1853.

Yapacani, June, 1892, Kuntze (W). Also in Peru and Brazil.

A tree 15-20 m. high; leaves petioled, oblong, short-acuminate,

9-17 cm. long, barbate beneath in the axils of the veins; corolla white,

6-7 mm. long; calyx 6-9-dentate; capsule oblong, 8-10 mm. long,

puberulent.

10. FERDINANDUSA Pohl

Ferdinandusa Paxii Winkl. Repert. Sp. Nov. 7: 249. 1909.

San Antonio, near Mapiri, 850 m., Buchtien 1610 (W, type

collection). San Carlos, 750 m., Buchtien 2094- (W). Charopampa,

570 m., Buchtien 44 (W, F). Charopampa, 570 m., Buchtien 1945

(W). Mapiri region, Buchtien 1458 (F). Winkler reports also

Buchtien 1620, 1946, 2060, and 2078. Also in Peru.

A shrub or tree, sometimes 6 m. high, glabrous nearly through-

out; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, up to 20 cm.

long, acuminate, lustrous; flowers corymbose-paniculate, the panicles

terminal, sessile; calyx 4-dentate; corolla white, 15-18 mm. long, the

lobes very short, rounded; capsule linear-cylindric, 4 cm. long, 6-7

mm. broad.

Called "chuchulli" and "chuchulli amarillo."

11. HILLIAJacq.

Hillia boliviana Britton, Mem. Torrey Club 33: 43. 1893.

Yungas, Bang 600 (F, W, type collection). Antahuacana, 750

m., Buchtien 2217 (W). Santa Cruz, Williams 1478 (W).

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 277

A glabrous shrub; leaves elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 6-9 cm.

long, abruptly acuminate; calyx 3-lobed, the lobes ovate, acute;

corolla tube 4.5 cm. long; capsule 9 cm. long, 1 cm. broad.

Hillia parasitica Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 18. 1760.

Hacienda Simaco, 1,400 m., Buchtien 5036 (W). Ranging to

Brazil, Mexico, and the West Indies.

Usually an epiphytic shrub, but reported also as a small tree,

glabrous; stipules large, caducous; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic or

obovate, 6-14 cm. long, coriaceous, usually short-acuminate; calyx

short, parted, the lobes unequal; corolla white, the slender tube 6-10

cm. long.

12. COSMIBUENA R. & P.

Cosmibuena grandiflora (R. & P.) Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot.

Gard. 4: 368. 1907. Cinchona grandiflora R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 54.

pi 198. 1799. C. obtusifolia R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 3: 3. pi. 198. 1802.

Mapiri, Rusby 2103 (F, W). Ranging to Colombia.

A glabrous tree 5-12 m. high; leaves petiolate, elliptic, oval, or

oblong-elliptic, rounded or very obtuse at the apex; calyx about 1

cm. long, corolla white or ochroleucous, the slender tube 5-9 cm. long.

13. WERNHAMIA S. Moore

Wernhamia boliviensis S. Moore, Med. Rijks Herb. 46: 23.

1922.

Type from thickets, Santa Cruz, Herzog 1428.

A shrub or small tree; stipules deciduous; leaves large, petiolate,

the blades broadly ovate, 30-40 cm. long, rounded or obtuse at the

apex, glabrous and shining above, pubescent beneath; inflorescences

terminal, cymose, much shorter than the leaves, the flowers short-

pedicellate; calyx 6-lobed, the lobes short, rounded, 3 mm. long;

corolla greenish white, 28 mm. long, the 6 lobes scarcely 2 mm. long.

The vernacular name is reported as "iotavio."

14. POGONOPUS Klotzsch

Pogonopus tubulosus (DC.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 265.

1889. Calycophyllum tubulosum DC. Prodr. 4: 367. 1830. Chrys-

oxylon febrifugum Wedd. Hist. Quinq. 100. 1849. P.febrifugus Hook,

f. in B. & H. Gen. PI. 2: 47. 1873. Howardia febrifuga Wedd. Ann.

Sci. Nat. IV. 1: 67. 1854. P. febrifugus Hook, f., var. macrosema

Hutchinson, Kew Bull. 1910: 200. 1910.

Villamontes, Pflanz 2053 (F). Tipuani to Guanai, Bang 1716

(F), 1344 (F). Guanai, 600 m., Rusby 2090 (F). Chiquiaca, 1,500

m., Fiebng 2705 (W). Milluguaya, North Yungas, 900 m., Buchtien

278 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

761 (F). Reported by Hutchinson, loc. cit., from Pata, Pearce;

eastern Bolivia, Gosling; Tarija, Pearce. Type of C. febrifugum from

Bolivia, Weddell. Also in Brazil, Argentina, and Peru.

A tree 10-15 m. high; leaves short-petioled, ovate, obovate, or

elliptic, short-acuminate, densely pubescent or glabrate; cymes in

terminal panicles; one of the calyx lobes in some of the flowers

expanded into a large ovate red limb; capsule 7-9 mm. long.

"Quina morada." The bark contains an alkaloid, and is used

locally as a substitute for quinine.

*L5. GONDAMINEA DC.

Condaminea corymbosa (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 4: 402. 1830.

Macrocnemum corymbosum R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 48. pi. 189. 1799.

Edge of forest, San Onufre, Dept. Cochabamba, 1,600 m., Stein-

bach 9292 (B). Extending northward to Panama.

A shrub about 1.5 m. high; leaves obovate, often broadly so,

glabrous or nearly so; inflorescence brownish violet; corolla violet

outside, green within; stamens brown.

Condaminea corymbosa (R. & P.) DC., var. pubescens

Spruce ex Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 258. 1889. C. angustifolia

Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 6: 45. 1896.

Guanai to Tipuani, Bang 1429 (F, type collection of C. angusti-

folia). Yungas, Bang 610 (F). Apolo, Williams 322 (W). San

Miguel, Mapiri region, 800 m., Buchtien 1393 (W). Sirupaya, South

Yungas, 2,100 m., Buchtien (W). Also in Peru.

A shrub or small tree with large, nearly sessile, usually clasping,

finely pubescent leaves; inflorescence terminal, long-pedunculate, as

long as the leaves; calyx truncate or irregularly dentate; corolla 2.5

cm. long; capsule bisulcate, about 1.5 cm. long.

16. WARSCEWICZIA Klotzsch

Warscewiczia coccinea (Vahl) Klotzsch, Monatsb. Akad. Berlin

1853: 497. 1853. Macrocnemum coccineum Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 38.

1791. W. splendens Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 1: 72. 1854.

Guanai, 600 m., Rusby 1953 (F). Yungas, 1,800 m., Rusby 1954

(F), Bang 284 (F). Ranging to Panama and Brazil.

A handsome and showy shrub or small tree; leaves petiplate,

obovate to obovate-oblong, 15-60 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate,

pubescent or glabrate beneath; cymes small and dense, forming a

long narrow inflorescence; one of the calyx lobes in some of the flowers

expanded into an oblong or elliptic, red limb 3.5-7 cm. long; corolla

yellow; fruit a small capsule.

The type of W. splendens was collected in the Province of Yungas

at 2,500 m.

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 279

17. SICKINGIA Willd.

Sickingia catappifolia, sp. nov. — Arbor 6-10-metralis, ramu-

lis crassis subteretibus ochraceis glabris; stipulae caducae triangulari-

lanceolatae longiattenuatae, apice subulatae, 2.5 cm. longae, sparse

minuteque puberulae vel glabratae; folia opposita, petiolo crasso

0.7-2 cm. longo subtereti minute puberulo; lamina crasse papyracea

vel subcoriacea, cuneato-obovata vel late obovata, 17-32 cm. longa,

7.5-19.5 cm. lata, obtusa vel acuta, interdum rotundata et breviter

protracta, basin versus longe cuneatimque angustata, basi ipsa acuta

vel rotundata, interdum undulata, supra glabra, nervis prominenti-

bus, nervulis prominulis et conspicue reticulatis, subtus vix pallidior,

saltern ad nervos minute puberula, costa crassa eleyata, nervis

lateralibus utroque latere c. 18, gracilibus, prominentibus, angulo

lato adscendentibus, fere rectis, prope marginem conjunctis, nervulis

prominulis arete reticulatis; flores cymoso-corymbosi sessiles vel

breviter pedicellati, in cymulas trifloras dispositi, ramulis puberulis;

bracteae late ovatae obtusae vel acutae ciliolatae; hypanthium

clavatum 6-7 mm. longum puberulum; calyx tubuloso-campanulatus

6-7 mm. longus puberulus vel glabratus, lobis 5 rotundatis ciliolatis;

corolla luteo-viridis infundibuliformis, in alabastro cylindrica, 3.5 cm.

longa, carnosa, in sicco multicostata, extus glabra, tubo basi 3-4 mm.

lato, supra valde dilatato, apice 1.5 cm. lato, lobis brevibus vix 2

mm. longis, latissime rotundatis revolutis; filamenta alba c. 1 cm.

longe exserta, 3 mm. supra basin tubi inserta, basi dense villosa,

superne glabra, gracilia; antherae lineares 1.5 cm. longae; stylus

3.5 cm. longus gracilis glaber. — Bolivia: Forests of Rio Surutu,

Prov. Sara, Dept. Santa Cruz, alt. 450 m., in flower, December 15,

1924, Jos6 Steinbach 6747 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 563,832, type).

Charopampa, near Mapiri, 570 m., in fruit, November, 19Q7,Buchtien

1958 (W).

Evidently this is closely related to S. macrocrater Schum., of

Brazil, but it differs from that species in the short broad calyx lobes

and in the pubescent inflorescence. Of the fruit only a few mutilated

fragments are available, but it appears to be a capsule about 5 cm.

long.

The leaves suggest those of Terminalia Catappa, hence the specific

name.

Sickingia fragrans (Rusby), comb. nov. Flexanthera fragrans

Rusby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: 368. 1927.

San Buena Ventura, at 300 m., C&rdenas 1738 (Y, type; photo.

inF).

A small shrub with very fragrant, white flowers; leaves short-

petiolate, ovate-oblong, 14-17 cm. long, obtusely acuminate, rounded

or subcordate at the base, glabrous; flowers in dense terminal tricho-

tomous corymbs shorter than the leaves; inflorescence puberulent;

calyx lobes broadly ovate, obtuse; corolla puberulent, 5 mm. long,

the lobes very short; stamens exserted.

280 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

In the Kew herbarium there is a specimen of the genus Rondeletia

collected by Pearce, No. 357, and labeled as coming from the eastern

Andes of Bolivia at 1,800 m. The genus is not known otherwise

south of Ecuador, and I suspect that the locality is incorrect. The

plant is very much like R. colombiana Rusby, but perhaps distinct.

Without more accurate locality data I do not care to describe it.

18. BATHYSA Presl

Bathysa oboyata (Ruiz) Schum., in herb., sp. nov. Macrocne-

mum oboyatum Ruiz in herb. — Arbor vel frutex, ramulis crassis obtuse

tetragonis dense fulvo-tomentosis; stipulae caducae, non visae; folia

breviter petiolata opposita, petiolo crasso c. 1.5 cm. longo dense

breviterque fulvo-piloso; lamina subcoriacea late obovato-oblonga

c. 30 cm. longa et 13 cm. lata, apice obtusa vel anguste rotundata,

basi obtusa vel subrotundata et abrupte breviter decurrens, supra

dense hispidulo-pilosa, asperula, subtus dense patenti-pilosa, costa

subtus elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 20 angulo lato

abeuntibus prominentibus leviter arcuatis gracilibus prope marginem

conjunctis; inflorescentia terminalis longe pedunculata cymoso-pani-

culata c. 14 cm. longa et aequilata dense multiflora, ramis primariis

oppositis adscendentibus dense fulvo-tomentosis, bracteis caducis,

floribus dense glomeratis sessilibus; hypanthium late obconicum 2.5

mm. longum dense fulvo-tomentosum, calyce late campanulato 2

mm. longo truncate dense adpresso-piloso; corolla extus glabra in

alabastro apice rotundata, 6-7 mm. longa, tubo crasso supra dilatato

fauce dense barbato, lobis ovali-ovatis obtusis tubo subaequiloiigis

intus glabris; stamina exserta, filamentis gracilibus glabris, antheris

oblongis 2 mm. longis. — Peru: Chicoplaya, in 1798, Tafalla (Herb.

Berol., type; photograph and fragment in herb. Field Mus.).—

Bolivia: San Carlos, Mapiri region, 600 m., March 2, 1927,Buchtien

1399 (F). Sarampiuni, Mapiri region, 600 m., May, 1927, Buchtien

1402 (W).

19. SIPANEAAubl.

Sipanea hispida Benth. ex Wernham, Journ. Bot. 55: 173.

1917. S. pratensis Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 249. 1889, in part,

non Aubl.

Mapiri, Bang 1488 (F, G); at 750 m., Rusby 2461 (F, G, W).

Buenavista, Dept. Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 6965 (F), 5481

(Y). Also in Brazil, Peru, and Paraguay.

An erect hirsute herb; leaves subsessile or short-petiolate, elliptic-

lanceolate or lance-oblong, 4-6 cm. long, acuminate; flowers in dense

headlike cymes; calyx lobes linear, 3-4 mm. long; corolla white or

pinkish, the tube 6-9 mm. long.

20. LIMNOSIPANEA

Limnosipanea Kuntzei, sp. nov. — Herba gracilis 20-25 cm.

alta, caulibus subteretibus, basi adscendentibus, supra pauciramosis,

sparse breviterque pilosulis vel glabratis; folia verticillata vel suprema

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 281

opposite, plerumque 4-6, linearia vel rarius oblongo-lanceolata, 5-8

mm. longa, 1-2.5 mm. lata, attenuate,, basi obtusa, sessilia, glabra,

1-nervia, infima reflexa; inflorescentia dichotomy multiflora laxa,

floribus longipedicellatis rarius sessilibus, pedicellis gracilibus 1-1.5

cm. longis hinc inde pilqsulis; bracteae et bracteolae foliaceae; sepala

linearia vel lanceolato-linearia attenuata glabra, 1.5-2.5 mm. longa,

ad apicem capsulae persistentia; capsula ovalis 2.5 mm. longa sparse

hispida; semina minuta brunnescentia. — Bolivia: Velasco, alt. 200

m., July, 1892, Otto Kuntze (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 701,742, type).

The type material is in an advanced fruiting stage, and the plants

are somewhat weatherbeaten. The species is close to L. Spruceana

Hook, f., of Brazil, but in that the flowers are sessile.

21. ELAEAGIA Wedd.

Elaeagia glomiflora, sp. nov. — Arbor 9-12-metralis, ramulis

crassis subteretibus dense breviterque pilosis, internodiis brevibus;

stipulae subpersistentes, crassae, erectae, oblongae, 2-2.5 cm. longae,

acutae vel acuminatae, ferrugineae, extus dense adpresso-pilosae,

intus glabrae; folia breviter petiolata opposita, petiolo crasso 2.5-4

cm. longo subtereti supra sulcato; lamina coriacea, late ovalis, 20-32

cm. longa, 14-23 cm. lata, apice rotundata, basi rotundata vel sub-

cordata, supra fusca, praesertim ad nervos minute puberula vel

glabrata, nervis non eleyatis, subtus brunnescens, ubique dense pilis

brevibus ferrugineis rigidiusculis patentibus hispidula, costa crassa

elsvata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 19, prominentibus, gracili-

bus, angulo lato divergentibus, subarcuatis, prope marginem con-

junctis, nervulis prominulis reticulatis; inflorescentia terminalis 1.5

cm. longe pedunculata pyramidali-paniculata, c. 8 cm. longa et 12

cm. lata, dense multiflora, basi trichotoma, ramis crassis angulo recto

diyaricatis densissime hispidulis, bracteis 3-5 mm. longis ovatis vel

triangularibus acutis extus dense puberulis persistentibus, floribus in

glomerulis densis multifloris aggregatis, sessilibus, glomerulis sub-

globosis 1 cm. diam.; capsula globoso-oboyoidea, 3 mm. longa, dense

fulvo-tomentosa, loculicide bivalvis, valyis demum bifidis; calyx 1.5

mm. longus 5-lobus, lobis ovatis obtusis extus tomentosis; semina

numerosa minuta elongata angulata. — Bolivia: Monterico, March,

1867, Pearce (Herb. Kew., type; photo, in herb. Field Mus.).

Without corollas it is not at all certain that this tree belongs to

the genus Elaeagia, but I have not been able to place it more satis-

factorily elsewhere. It is altogether distinct in the shape and pubes-

cence of the large leaves, and in the large dense headlike glomerules

of the inflorescence.

Elaeagia grandis Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 4: 208. 1895.

Malanea grandis Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 33: 43. 1893.

Yungas, Bang 418 (F, G, type collection). Without locality,

Bang 2863 (W, M).

282 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Leaves petiolate, coriaceous, ovate or elliptic, 10-30 cm. long,

acute, short-cuneate at the base, glabrous; panicles terminal, sessile,

densely many-flowered, pubescent, 8-10 cm. long; calyx 1.5 mm. long,

the lobes oblong-triangular, obtuse or acute; corolla 3 mm. long, the

tube short; stamens exserted.

It is very doubtful whether this plant really belongs to the genus

Elaeagia.

Elaeagia Mariae Wedd. Monogr. Cinch. 94. 1849.

Sandillani, 1,800-2,100 m., Pearce (K). Also in Peru.

A tree 18-24 m. high with resinous glabrous branches; stipules

large, oblong, obtuse, deciduous; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate,

acutish, shining, narrowed to the base, glabrous; panicles large,

sessile, glabrous, many-flowered; calyx subtruncate; corolla yellowish

green, 3 mm. long, barbate in the throat.

Elaeagia mollis Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer. PI. 130. 1920.

Yungas, at 1,800 m., Rusby 2446 (F, type collection). San Carlos,

Mapiri region, 800 m., Buchtien 1400 (W).

Leaves petiolate, the blades oval, 12-18 cm. long, 6-10 cm. wide,

acute at the base, soft-pubescent; flowers sessile, panicled; calyx

5-dentate.

Elaeagia obovata Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer. PI. 130. 1920.

Yungas, at 1,800 m., Rusby 2447 (Y, type; photo, in F). Monte-

rico, in forest, 900-1,200 m., Pearce (K; photo, in F).

A large tree with straight erect smooth trunk; leaves short-

petiolate, obovate, 20-34 cm. long, 7-14 cm. wide, abruptly acumi-

nate, acute at the base, puberulent beneath on the veins; panicles

12-17 cm. long, short-pedunculate, the flowers sessile; calyx 1.5 mm.

long, the lobes very short and broad; corolla 3 mm. long, densely

barbate within.

22. ARCYTOPHYLLUM Willd.

Arcytophyllum confertum (R. & P.), comb. nov. Hedyotis

conferta R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 1: 57. pi. 87, f. a. 1799.

Near Sorata, in grassy places, 3,600 m., Mandon 844^ (G, K, S, Y).

Above Tolapampa, 3,600 m., Williams 853 (Y). Also in Peru.

Plants prostrate, woody, matted, the stems slender; leaves lance-

linear, piliferous at the apex; flowers minute, white, terminal, soli-

tary; fruit a small capsule.

TEINOSOLEN Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook.

Gen. PL 2:61. 1873.

Of this genus the Index Kewensis (4: 1041. 1895) lists three

species, T. grandiflora Hook, f., T. macrosepala Hook, f., and T.

Pearcei Hook, f., all "in Herb. Hook.," and from Bolivia. So far as

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 283

I know, no species of this group ever has been formally described.

The genus certainly is very close to Arcytophyllum, and probably is

not generically distinct.

23. GONZALAGUNIA R. & P.

Gonzalagunia Whitei (Rusby) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 280.

1929. Duggena Whitei Rusby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card. 7: 371. 1927.

Without locality, Rusby 1294 A (Y, type; photo, in F). Rurren-

abaque, 300 m., White 2350 (W, Y); Rusby 1294 (Y).

A shrub, the branches pubescent with divergent or reflexed hairs;

leaves ovate, acuminate, obtuse at the base, pilose above, densely

soft-pilose beneath, nearly sessile; flowers in long slender spikelike

panicles; calyx lobes subulate; corolla tube 4-5 mm. long, strigose,

the lobes nearly equaling the tube; fruit baccate.

24. ISERTIA Schreb.

Isertia reticulata Britton, Mem. Torrey Club 6: 46. 1896.

Between Guanai and Tipuani, Bang 1358 (F, W, type collection).

Apolo, Williams 1563 (W). San Carlos, 750 m., Buchtien 2128 (W).

Mapiri, 750 m., Rusby 1895 (F, W). San Carlos, Mapiri region, 750

m., Buchtien 64 (F), 1394 (W).

A tree 6 m. high, the trunk 10 cm. in diameter; leaves large,

petioled, obovate, short-acuminate, reticulate- veined, densely gray-

ish-tomentose beneath, glabrous above or nearly so ; flowers in short

dense terminal thyrsoid panicles; corolla about 4 cm. long, tubular,

with very short lobes, densely tomentose outside; fruit subglobose,

juicy.

Buchtien reports that the fruit is edible and of good flavor.

25. COCCOGYPSELUM Sw.

Coccocypselum Gondalia Pers. Syn. PL 1: 132. 1805. Condalia

repens R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 1: 54. pi. 84, /. a. 1798, non Coccocypselum

repens Sw. 1788. Coccocypselum glabrum Britton, Bull. Torrey Club

18: 108. 1891, non DC., 1830. Coccocypselum Brittoni Rusby, Bull.

N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 368. 1907.

Yungas, 1,200 m., Rusby 2479 (F, type collection of C. glabrum).

Without locality, Bang 2018 (F, W). San Carlos, 750 m., Buchtien

1978 (W). Hacienda Simaco, 1,400 m., Buchtien 5573 (W). San

Antonio, 570 m., Buchtien 1977 (W). Charopampa, 570 m., Buchtien

1979 (W). San Carlos, 850 m., Buchtien 1445 (F), 1444 (F), 1443

(F). Hacienda Casana, Tipuani Valley, 1,400 m., Buchtien 7499

(W). San Carlos, 950 m., Buchtien 1446 (W). Also in Peru and

Brazil.

A creeping or procumbent herb, the stems appressed-pilose

or glabrate; leaves oblong-ovate, acute, sparsely appressed-pilose or

284 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

nearly glabrate, often pilose only close to the margins; inflorescence

pedunculate, capitate, few-flowered; calyx lobes linear, acute; fruit a

juicy blue berry.

Coccocypselum hirsutum Bartl. ex DC. Prodr. 4: 396. 1830.

San Carlos, near Mapiri, 750 m., Buchtien 1758 in part (W); at

850 m., Buchtien 1439 (F), 1438 (F), 1437 (W). Dolores, Dept.

Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 1876 (B). Ranging to Mexico.

Stems densely hirsute or hispid; leaves oval or broadly ovate,

acutish, densely hirsute or hispid; flower heads few-flowered, long-

pedunculate; calyx lobes linear, acute; corolla pale blue, 12-14 mm.

long; berry dark blue, 6-10 mm. long, hirsute.

Coccocypselum lanceolatum (R. & P.) Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 132.

1805. Condalia lanceolata R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 1: 54. 1798. Cocco-

cypselum canescens Willd. ex Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 4: 139. 1829.

Polo-Polo, Nordyungas, 1,100 m., Buchtien 232 (F), 5772 (W).

Yungas, Bang 270 (F, W). Coripati, Yungas, Bang 2153 (F, W).

Milluguaya, Nordyungas, 1,300 m., December, 1917, Buchtien (F).

Locality uncertain, Williams 451 (W). Mapiri, 750 m., Rusby 1896

(W). Toldos bei Bermejo, 1,900 m., Fiebrig 2368 (W). Apolo,

Williams 319 (W). Milluguaya, 1,400 m., Buchtien 4391 (W), 4722

(W). Without locality, April 13-21, 1892, Kuntze (W). Hacienda

Simaco, 1,400 m., Buchtien 5572 (W). Hacienda Casana, Tipuani

Valley, Buchtien 7500 (F), 7501 (B, W). San Carlos, 950 m., Buchtien

1440 (F). Paranani, Mapiri region, 1,000 m., Buchtien 1441 (W).

Widely distributed in South and Central America.

Leaves densely appressed-pilose; flower heads very dense and

many-flowered; calyx lobes oblong, obtuse; corolla purplish blue,

5 mm. long; berries bright blue.

26. SABICEA Aubl.

Sabicea boliviensis Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea 37. 1914.

Yungas, Bang 384 (F, W, M, type collection).

A scandent shrub, the young branches hirsute and tomentose, later

glabrate; stipules large, broadly ovate, reflexed; leaves petiolate,

elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, at the base acute, rough-pilose above,

pale-tomentose beneath; inflorescence lax or dense, hispid, pedun-

culate; calyx lobes linear-setaceous, 4 mm. long; corolla hispid, 9

mm. long; hypanthium hispid-pilose.

This is closely related to S. cuneata, and doubtfully distinct.

Sabicea brasiliensis Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea 51. 1914.

Buenavista, Santa Cruz, 500 m., Steinbach 5234 (B, F). Mapiri,

750 m., Rusby 1905 (F, W, M). Apolo, Williams 173 (W). Charo-

pampa, 570 m., Buchtien 1961 (W), 1488 (W). Hacienda Simaco,

1,400 m., Buchtien 5576 (W). Also in Brazil.

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 285

A large woody vine, the branches densely white- tomentose;

leaves petiolate, elliptic or ovate, usually long-acuminate, rough-

pubescent above, densely white-tomentose beneath; flowers densely

tomentose, in dense sessile heads; calyx lobes triangular; corolla

white, tomentose, the lobes ovate-lanceolate.

Some of the Bolivian collections have been distributed as S.

cinerea Aubl. and S. cana Hook. This species is said to be known

in Brazil as "sangue de Christo" and "sangue de Nosso Senhor."

Sabicea cuneata Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 6: 47. 1896; Wern-

ham, Monogr. Sabicea 37. pi. 12. 1914.

Between Guanai and Tipuani, Bang 1380 (F, M, type collection).

A scandent shrub, the branches covered with an appressed white

tomentum; stipules ovate; leaves petiolate, elliptic-oblong, acumi-

nate, rough-pubescent above, densely white-tomentose beneath;

inflorescence lax, about equaling the petiole, many-flowered, the

flowers pedicellate, the pedicels strigose; hypanthium strigose and

tomentose; calyx lobes narrowly linear, 5 mm. long; corolla strigose,

1 cm. long.

Sabicea erecta Rusby ex Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea 36. pi. 12.

1914. S. acutissima Rusby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: 371. 1927.

Type from Tumapasa, at 540 m., Williams 446. Tumapasa,

Williams 590 (W). San Carlos, near Mapiri, in forest, Buchtien I486

(W). Rurrenabaque, 300 m., Cardenas 1185 (Y, type of S. acutis-

sima; photo, in F).

A large scandent shrub, the branches tomentose and hirsute;

stipules broadly ovate, reflexed, about 1 cm. long; leaves petiolate,

elliptic or oblong-ovate, 5.5-15 cm. long, acuminate, hispidulous

above, arachnoid-tomentose and pale beneath; inflorescence rather

lax or dense, short-pedunculate, many-flowered, pilose; bracts 1 or 2,

rounded, acute; calyx lobes lanceolate, 3-3.5 mm. long; corolla stri-

gose, the tube 3-4 mm. long, the lobes lanceolate, 2 mm. long.

Sabicea Pearcei Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea 38. pi. 3,f.l. 1914.

Type from woods about Moro, 900-1,200 m., Pearce. Also in

Peru. The species has been attributed incorrectly to Colombia.

A woody vine, the branches densely hirsute; stipules broadly

ovate, reflexed, about 1 cm. long; leaves petiolate, elliptic-lanceolate

to elliptic-ovate, acuminate, acute to rounded at the base, hirsute;

inflorescence lax, many-flowered, short-pedunculate or sessile, hirsute;

bracts lanceolate; flowers pedicellate; calyx lobes oblong to linear-

lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long or in age 7 mm. long, ciliate; corolla white,

1 cm. long, hispidulous.

Sabicea setiloba Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea 37. 1914.

Type from Santa Cruz, in woods, Pearce.

A scandent shrub 3-4.5 m. long, the branches shortly and densely

ashy-villous; leaves elliptic, 9-11 cm. long, 4-4.5 cm. wide, narrowed

286 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

at each end, hispidulous above, beneath densely arachnoid-tomen-

tose, the petioles 10-12 mm. long; inflorescence lax, 1.5 cm. long or

less, spreading-pilose, the peduncle up to 5 mm. long, tomentose;

calyx lobes subsetaceous, 3-4 mm. long; corolla strigose, scarcely 1

cm. long, the lobes minute; fruit sparsely pilose and arachnoid-

tomentose.

Sabicea villosa R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 265. 1819. S. hirsuta

HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 417. 1820.

Rurrenabaque, 300 m., Cardenas 1151 (W). Charopampa, in

forest, 570 m., Buchtien 1487 (W). San Carlos, 600 m., Buchtien

1451 (F). Widely distributed in tropical America.

A large scandent shrub, the branches hirsute; stipules broad,

reflexed; leaves elliptic-oblong or ovate, acuminate, hirsute; flowers

sessile in small axillary sessile heads; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate;

corolla strigose, white, the tube 5-6 mm. long; fruit purple, about

1 cm. long.

One of the specimens cited was distributed as S. aspera Aubl.

Sabicea villosa R. & S., var. adpressa (Wernham) Standl.

Field Mus. Bot. 7: 52. 1930. S. hirsuta HBK., var. adpressa Wern-

ham, Monogr. Sabicea 55. 1914.

Prov. Chapare, Dept. Cochabamba, 1,600 m., Steinbach 9058 (B).

Edge of forest, San Onufre, 1,600 m., Steinbach 9417^ bis (B). San

Carlos, Mapiri region, 800 m.., Buchtien 1452 (W). Distributed with

the typical form.

Stems appressed-hispid, otherwise as in the type.

27. BERTIERA Aubl.

Bertiera guianensis Aubl. PL Guian. 180. pi. 69. 1775.

Tipuani to Guanai, Bang 1712 (F, M, W). Locality uncertain,

Williams 405 (W). Charopampa, 570 m., Buchtien 1947 (W).

Guanai, 600 m., Rusby 2118 (F, W). San Carlos, 600 m., Buchtien

1230 (F). Widely distributed in tropical America.

A slender shrub; leaves short-petioled, ovate-oblong or ovate-

lanceolate, acuminate, appressed-pilose, 9-15 cm. long; flowers small,

white, in terminal panicles, secund along the branches; fruit a

globose 10-costate berry 3.5 mm. long.

28. HAMELIAJacq.

Hamelia lutea Rohr ex Smith in Rees, Cycl. 5: 117. 1811.

Rurrenabaque, in forest, 300 m., Rusby 801 (Y). Widely dis-

tributed in tropical America.

A shrub; leaves opposite, elliptic, nearly glabrous; flowers deep

yellow, the corolla short, abruptly expanded above.

Hamelia patens Jacq. Enum. PL Carib. 16. 1760. H. erecta

Jacq., loc. cit.

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 287

Cochabamba, Bang 1222 (F, M). Mapiri, 1,500 m., Rusby 2105

(F). Charopampa, 570 m., Buchtien 1626 (F). Widely distributed

in tropical America.

A shrub 1-3 m. high; leaves mostly ternate, pubescent or tomen-

tose beneath, often densely so; flowers secund, sessile or nearly so;

corolla tubular, orange-red ; berries purple or purplish black, juicy.

Hamelia pedicellata Wernham, Journ. Bot. 49: 212. 1911.

Huachi, head of the Beni River, 900 m., White 4-57 (Y). Ranging

to Colombia and Venezuela.

A shrub; leaves mostly quaternate, nearly glabrous; flowers

chiefly pedicellate, the corolla orange-red, 1.5 cm. long; berries red

or purple.

29. HOFFMANNIA Sw.

Hoffmannia latifolia (Bartl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 284. 1891.

Higginisia latifolia Bartl. ex DC. Prodr. 4: 399. 1830. Hoffmannia

brachycarpa Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 18: 108. 1891.

Near Yungas, 1,200 m., Rusby 2522 (F, W, type collection of

H. brachycarpa). Yungas, Bang 336 (F, M, W). Without locality,

Bang 2559 (F, M, W). Antahuacana, 750 m., Buchtien 4733 (W).

Also in Peru.

A shrub; leaves short-petiolate, obovate to oblanceolate, 6-8

cm. wide, abruptly acuminate, long-attenuate to the base, ferrugi-

nous-villous beneath along the veins; inflorescence axillary, short-

pedunculate, few-flowered.

Hoffmannia pallida Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 33: 44. 1893.

Yungas, Bang 354 (F, M, W, type collection) . San Juan, Williams

201 (W). Without locality, Bang 2004 (W), 2003 (W). Junction of

the rivers Beni and Madre de Dios, Rusby 2679 (Y).

A slender branched shrub, the young branchlets ferruginous-

tomentose; leaves oblanceolate or oblanceolate-oblong, mostly 3-8

cm. long, acuminate, long-attenuate to the base, green and glabrous

above, paler beneath and sparsely villosulous; inflorescences umbelli-

form, slender-pedunculate, few-flowered, the pedicels longer than

the flowers; calyx lobes very short, triangular-subulate; corolla acute

in bud, 5 mm. long, the lobes longer than the tube.

Hoffmannia Pearcei Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 33: 44. 1893.

Yungas, Bang 498 (F, W, type collection). Okara, 2,250 m.,

Tate917 (Y).

A branched shrub, the branchlets sparsely ferruginous-tomentoes;

leaves long-petiolate, oblong-obovate, 6-12 cm. long, acute or short-

acuminate, long-tapering to the base, glabrous above or nearly so,

beneath ferruginous- villosulous, at least along the veins; peduncles

clustered, elongate, the few flowers umbellate, long-pedicellate; calyx

lobes triangular-subulate; corolla acute in bud, 5 mm. long, sparsely

villous, the lobes acute, much exceeding the tube.

288 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

30. POSOQUERIA Aubl.

Posoqueria latifolia (Rudge) R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 227. 1819.

Solena latifolia Rudge, PL Guian. 1 : 26. 1806.

Junction of the rivers Beni and Madre de Dios, Rusby 2220 (F,

M). Widely distributed in tropical America.

A glabrous shrub or small tree with thick, deep green leaves;

flowers large and showy, white, in few-flowered dense terminal cymes;

corolla tube very slender, 13-18 cm. long; fruit globose, fleshy,

yellow, 4-5 cm. in diameter, filled with large hard seeds.

Called "assucena do mato" in Brazil.

31. TOCOYENA Aubl.

Tocoyena formosa (C. & S.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 347.

1889. Gardenia formosa C. & S. Linnaea 4: 200. 1829.

On hillsides, Buena Vista, Santa Cruz, 450-500 m., Steinbach

5212 (F, Y), 6730 (F). Brazil to the Guianas.

A shrub or small tree 3-4 m. high, unarmed; leaves thin, mostly

obovate or elliptic, acuminate, densely velvety-pubescent; flowers

perfect, clustered at the ends of the branches, short-pilose; corolla

yellow or yellowish white, the very slender tube 12-15 cm. long, the

lobes obovate-rhombic, 2-3.5 cm. long; fruit yellow, globose, as large

as a small apple.

Known as "bicito," "bicito de la pampa," and "tutumillo."

32. RANDIA L.

Randia boliviana Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 368. 1907.

Without locality, Bang 1773 (W, B, G, type collection), 1776

(G, W). Above Sorata, 3,000 m., Williams 1547 (W). Near Sorata,

Cochipata, 2,600-3,000 m., Mandon 345 (G, B, K, S, Y). Pelechuco,

2,700-3,000 m., June, 1865, Pearce (K). Comarapa, Dept. Santa

Cruz, 2,800 m., Steinbach 8349 (B).

A spiny shrub 2-2.5 m. high, sometimes a tree of 6m.; leaves

elliptic to obovate, 2-5 cm. long, rounded to acute at the apex, gla-

brous or nearly so; flowers perfect; corolla white, glabrous outside,

8 mm. long; fruit globose, 1.5 cm. in diameter.

The vernacular name "muko-muko" is reported by Steinbach.

Randia calycina Cham. Linnaea 9: 246. 1834. Basanacantha

calycina Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 375. 1889.

Forests of the Rio Surutu, Dept. Santa Cruz, 400 m., Steinbach

7232 (F). Urubo, Dept. Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 7347 (F).

Also in Ecuador and Brazil.

A spiny shrub with large, nearly glabrous leaves; flowers dioecious;

calyx lobes obovate or oblanceolate, green; corolla white, glabrous,

2-3 cm. long.

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 289

Closely related to R. spinosa, of which R. calycina is probably

only a form. In R. spinosa the calyx lobes are linear or subulate and

short.

"Espino."

Randia formosa (Jacq.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 342.

1889. Mussaenda formosa Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 16. 1760. Basan-

acantha macrocarpa Rusby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: 374. 1927.

Rurrenabaque, 300 m., Cardenas 1261 (Y, type of B. macrocarpa;

photo, in F). Ranging to Brazil, Panama, and the West Indies.

An unarmed shrub; leaves mostly ovate or elliptic and 3-7 cm.

long, puberulent or appressed-pilose beneath; flowers perfect, ter-

minal, solitary, sessile; corolla white, the slender tube 5-10 cm. long;

fruit oval, costate, 2-6 cm. long.

Randia spinosa (Jacq.) Karst. Fl. Columb. 2: 128. 1869. Mus-

saenda spinosa Jacq. Sel. Stirp. 70. 1763. Gardenia armata Sw.

Prodr. 51. 1788. R. armata DC. Prodr. 4: 387. 1830. Basanacantha

spinosa Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 376. 1889. R. oblanceolata

Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 8: 120. 1912. B. mucronata Rusby,

Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: 373. 1927. B. erythropoda Rusby, loc.

cit. B. molhs Rusby, op. cit. 375. 1927.

Forests of the Rio Surutu, Dept. Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach

6549 (F, B). Buenavista, Dept. Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 7265

(F), 6594 (F, B), 6567 (F, B), 7275 (F). Forests of Rio Yapacani,

Dept. Santa Cruz, 350 m., Steinbach 7559 (F). Junction of rivers

Beni and Madre de Dios, Rusby 2157 (F, W). Tumapasa, Williams

527 (W, Y). San Buena Ventura, Williams 639 (W, Y). Rio San

Juan, Williams 253 (W). Rurrenabaque, Cardenas 1759 (W, Y).

Huachi, White 1003 (Y, type of B. erythropoda; photo, in F). Rur-

renabaque, Rusby 1255 (Y, type of B. mollis). Comarapa, Dept.

Santa Cruz, 2,800 m., Steinbach 834 (F). Bopi River Valley, 900

m., Rusby & White 395 (Y). Gorge of the Bopi River, 900 m.,

Rusby 555 (Y, type of B. mucronata; photo, in F). San Buena

Ventura, 420 m., Williams 639 (Y), 617 (Y, type of B. oblanceolata).

Rurrenabaque, 300 m., White (Y). Bosques del Rio Palometillas,

Dept. Santa Cruz, 400 m., Steinbach 6475 (B). Montecitos del

Piray, Dept. Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 2825 (B). Widely dis-

tributed in tropical America.

A spiny shrub or small tree; leaves pubescent or nearly glabrous,

acute or acuminate; flowers dioecious, usually clustered at the ends

of the branches and pediceled; corolla white, glabrous, the tube

1.5-3 cm. long; fruit oval or subglobose, 2.5-3.5 cm. long.

"Crucecito del monte," "grano duro," "tinajerito," "espino

bianco," "espino." In Brazil known by the names "fruta da cacho-

rro," "limao do mato," and "jasmino do mato." The flowers are

fragrant.

290 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VII

The corolla of Basanacantha mucronata is described by Rusby

as being pilose, with a tube 6 mm. long, but it is really glabrous, and

the tube is 15 mm. long. The fruit described by Rusby is detached

and evidently does not belong with the leaves and flowers. It is a

drupe (rather than a berry, as in Randia), perhaps of the genus

Guettarda.

33. GENIPA L.

Genipa americana L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 931. 1759.

San Buena Ventura, Williams 543 (W). Widely distributed in

tropical America.

A large or medium-sized tree; leaves large, obovate, short-petioled,

glabrous; flowers yellowish white, 2-4.5 cm. long, in small terminal

cymes; fruit globose, brownish, 6-7 cm. in diameter, the pulp filled

with numerous large compressed seeds.

Genipa caruto HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 407. 1820. G. ameri-

cana L., var. caruto Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 352. 1889.

Velasco, July, 1892, Kuntze (W). Prov. Sara, Dept. Santa Cruz,

450 m., Steinbach 3152 (F). In forests, Buenavista, Dept. Santa

Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 6634 (F), 7335 (F). Widely distributed in

tropical America.

Similar to G. americana, but the leaves densely and softly pubes-

cent beneath.

Called "bi." Flowers yellow or white; fruit as large as an orange,

edible, with somewhat acid flavor; a tree of 8-10 m.

34. DUROIA L. f.

Duroia Steinbachii, sp. nov. — Ramuli graciles teretes ferru-

gineo-brunnei, novellis dense pilosis, internodiis brevibus; stipulae

ovatae, 4-5 mm. longae, tenues, brunneae, acuminatae, extus pilosae,

persistentes; folia opposita vel ad apices ramulorum verticillata (3-5),

petiolo gracili 6-10 mm. longo dense piloso; lamina elliptica vel

oblongo-elliptica, 6.5-11 cm. longa, 3-5.5 cm. lata, acuta vel breviter

acuminata, acumine acutiusculo, basi acuta, membranacea, supra

viridis, sparse setuloso-pilosa vel glabrata, nervis prominulis, subtus

paullo pallidior, ad nervos albido-pilosa, costa gracili elevata, nervis

lateralibus utroque latere c. 9, prominentibus, gracilibus, subarcuatis,

angulo acuto adscendentibus, remote a margine conjunctis, nervulis

prominulis arete reticulatis; flores masculi ad apices ramulorum fasci-

culati, pauci, sessiles, bracteis lineari-lanceolatis 5 mm. longis extus

pilosis; hypanthium nullum; calyx annuliformis 4-5 mm. latus, 2 mm.

altus, truncatus, extus pilosulus, intus glaber; corolla extus dense

albido-pilosa vel sericea, tubo 2 cm. longo, basi 4 mm. lato, superne

angustato, intus glabro, fauce constricto, lobis 5 oblongis 8-10 mm.

longis acuminatis, intus minutissime papillosis; antherae 4 mm. supra

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 291

basin tubi insertae, filiformes, 7 mm. longae, inclusae. — Bolivia:

Buena vista, Prov. Sara, Dept. Santa Cruz, alt. 450 m., October 2,

1925, Jose Steinbach 7265 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 573,474, type;

duplicate in Herb. Stockholm).

Evidently related to D. eriopila L. f., of northern South America.

In that species, as described, the leaves are opposite, the staminate

inflorescence is many-flowered, and the calyx is 8-9 mm. long.

35. AMAIOUA Aubl.

Amaioua corymbosa HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 419. pi. 294.

1820.

San Carlos, region of Mapiri, 950 m., Buchtien 1723 (B). Tipuani

to Guanai, Bang 1655 (F, W). Also in Peru, the Guianas, and

Venezuela.

A shrub or sometimes a tall tree; leaves petiolate, oval, ovate-

elliptic, or oblong-elliptic, short-acuminate, glabrous or appressed-

pilose beneath on the nerves; flowers dioecious, the staminate in

terminal corymbs; corolla white, 1 cm. long, sericeous outside; fruit

baccate, oval or subglobose, 1.5 cm. long.

36. ALIBERTIA A. Rich.

.Alibertia benensis, sp. nov. — Frutex 2.5 m. altus, ramulis

gracilibus teretibus griseis vel ochraceis, novellis dense tomentellis,

internodiis abbreyiatis; stipulae late triangulares acutae 1-1.5 mm.

longae velutino-pilosulae persistentes; folia breviter petiolata mem-

branacea decidua opposite, petiolo gracili dense pilosulo 2-3 mm.

longo; lamina parva late obovata, ovali-obovata vel subrotundata

1.7-3 cm. longa, 1-1.7 cm. lata, apice rotundata vel obtusa, interdum

abrupte contracta et breviter obtuse producta, basi acuta vel obtusa,

supra viridis, praesertim ad nervos parum prominulos pilosula, subtus

pallidior, ubique satis dense pilis patentibus albidis pilosula, costa

gracili prominente, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 6 gracilibus

prominulis angulo lato adscendentibus fere rectis remote a margine

conjunctis; flores masculi ad apices ramulorum fasciculati, vulgo c. 5,

sessiles; calyx late campanulatus 1-1.5 mm. longus truncatus basi

abrupte contractus dense minute pilosulus; corolla extus dense minu-

teque pilosula, tubo ochraceo 7 mm. longo supra sensim angustato

fauce contracto, lobis 5 ovatis vel ellipticis c. 5 mm. longis abrupte

acuminatis intus glabris vel obscure puberulis. — Bolivia: San Jose",

between Trinidad and Santa Cruz, Dept. El Beni, alt. 300 m.,

September, 1926, E. Werdermann 2580 (Herb. Berol., type).

Vernacular name, "crucecita." Easily distinguished from A.

Steinbachii by the abundant pubescence of the leaves and flowers.

Alibertia Steinbachii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 287. 1929.

Forests of the campos region, Buenavista, Prov. Sara, Dept.

Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 6597 (F, type; S). Dept. Santa Cruz,

292 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Steinbach 5219 (B). Canton Buenavista, 450 m., Steinbach 2224 (B).

Monte del Rio Palometillas, Dept. Santa Cruz, 550 m., Steinbach

2812 (B).

A shrub 2-3 m. high; stipules triangular, acute; leaves petiolate,

the blades elliptic to oblong-obovate, 2.5-4.5 cm. long, shortly obtuse-

acuminate, puberulent beneath along the costa and barbate; staminate

inflorescence terminal, capitate, short-pedunculate, 3-7-flowered;

corolla minutely puberulent, the tube 7-8 mm. long, the lobes white,

glabrous, 2.5-3 mm. long; fruit black, 1 cm. in diameter, sweet and

edible.

"Nigua."

Alibertia tutumilla Rusby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card. 7: 375.

1927.

Rurrenabaque, 300 m., White 2354 (Y, type; photo, in F), 2344

(Y); Rusby 799 (Y). Rio Ibin, White 2067 (W), 2068 (W). Buena-

vista, Dept. Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 7015 (F).

A tree 9-12 m. high, glabrous except on the corollas; leaves

short-petiolate, lance-oblong or elliptic-oblong, 10-20 cm. long, up

to 8 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate; pistillate flowers terminal,

solitary, subsessile; corolla creamy white, grayish-puberulent, the

tube 1 cm. long, the lobes 1 cm. long, ovate, acutish; fruit globose,

3 cm. in diameter.

Called "tutumilla" and "bicito." The sweet and edible pulp is

said to be eaten commonly by the native people. Steinbach reports

that the fruit is almost perfectly spherical, and that the pulp, full of

small seeds, is of good flavor.

37. GUETTARDA L.

Guettarda boliviana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 289. 1929.

Cercado, Prov. Sara, Dept. Santa Cruz, 400 m., Steinbach 7351

(F, type; M). Buenavista, Dept. Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach

7355 (F).

Leaves petiolate, the blades oblong-elliptic or broadly elliptic,

5.5-13 cm. long, acute or abruptly acuminate, sparsely appressed-

pilose above, pilose beneath with appressed or (along the nerves)

spreading hairs; cymes dense, many-flowered, 2-4 cm. broad, long-

pedunculate; calyx 1.5-2 mm. long; corolla densely grayish-sericeous,

the tube 19 mm. long, the lobes 6 mm. long.

Guettarda Spruceana Muell. Arg. Flora 58: 449. 1875.

Tumapasa, Williams 573 (W). Ixiamas, Williams 293 (W). Near

Lake Rogagua, 300 m., Rusby 1428 (Y), 1691 (Y), 1368 (Y). Also

in Brazil.

Branches tomentose; leaves petiolate, elliptic-obovate to ovate

or broadly elliptic, 10-18 cm. long, 5-12 cm. wide, acute or short-

acuminate, at the base obtuse to rounded, coriaceous, green and

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 293

nearly glabrous above, densely pale-tomentose beneath; flowers in

small loose cymes; calyx truncate; corolla 2.5 cm. long, densely

tomentose; fruit 6-celled, 7-9 mm. broad.

Guettarda Tournefortiopsis, nom. nov. Tournefortiopsis

reticulata Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 369. 1907, nonG. reticulata

Griseb. 1863.

Without locality, Bang 2230 (W, type collection).

Branches densely tomentose; leaves petiolate, lance-oblong, 10-15

cm. long, 3-4 cm. wide, acuminate, at the base obtuse or acute,

coriaceous, nearly glabrous and shining above, very rugose, beneath

densely white-tomentose; peduncles short, bifid, the branches 2-4

cm. long, the flowers sessile, secund; calyx obtusely lobate; corolla

densely tomentose, 7 mm. long; fruit 5 mm. long.

This plant is the type of Rusby's genus Tournefortiopsis. Wern-

ham (Journ. Bot. 53: 15. 1915) states that "save for the opposite

leaves and prominent interpetiolar stipules, this plant bears a near

resemblance to a Tournefortia." I do not find the resemblance a very

impressive one, but there is a remarkable similarity between the

Bolivian plant and the Peruvian Guettarda hirsuta. The corolla lobes

of Tournefortiopsis are described as valvate rather than imbricate,

but there is no apparent difference between its flowers and those of

plants referred to well-known species of Guettarda. It seems impera-

tive, therefore, to refer the plants described under Tournefortiopsis

to Guettarda, where they fit quite naturally.

38. GHOMELIA Jacq.

Chomelia brevicornu Rusby, Bull. Torrey Club 52: 140. 1925.

Rurrenabaque, Prov. Beni, 300 m., Rusby 1283 (Y, type; W),

2359 (B, Y). Tumapasa, Williams U5 (W). Cataracts of the Bopi

River, Rusby 555 (Y).

A shrub or small tree 4 m. high, with white flowers; leaves ovate

or elliptic, 6-9 cm. long; corolla nearly 2 cm. long.

Chomelia dimorpha Rusby, Bull. Torrey Club 52: 140. 1925.

Polo-Polo, near Coroico, Yungas, 1,100 m., Buchtien 206 (F, type

collection), 5769 (W); in 1912, Buchtien (K).

Leaves elliptic or oblong-ovate, 5-7 cm. long, acuminate, strigil-

lose beneath; corolla tube 6 mm. long.

Chomelia multiflora Rusby, Bull. Torrey Club 52: 141. 1925.

Lake Rogagua, Prov. Beni, 300 m., Rusby 1365 (Y, type). Rio

Palometillas, Prov. Sara, Dept. Santa Cruz, 1,100 m., Steinbach

6784 (F, M). Buenavista, Dept. Santa Cruz, 450-500 m., Steinbach

6681 (F, B, M, S, K), 5051 (F, B, Y), 5138 (F, B, Y).

294 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

A shrub or small tree 2-5 m. high; leaves ovate, elliptic, or oval,

2-5 cm. long, pilose beneath along the nerves with ascending hairs;

corolla white, the tube 8 mm. long; fruit black.

"Espino," "espino bianco."

Ghomelia unguis-cati Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 172. 1930.

Junction of the rivers Beni and Madre de Dios, Rusby 1878

(W, G). Also in eastern Peru.

A shrub, armed with stout curved spines; branchlets glabrous;

leaves slender-petiolate, the blades oblong or lance-oblong, 15-20

cm. long, long-acuminate, narrowed to the base, glabrous above,

sparsely strigillose beneath, pilose in the axils of the veins, lineolate

between the veins; cymes few-flowered, long-pedunculate, dense, the

flowers sessile or short-pedicellate; calyx lobes linear-subulate, 3 mm.

long, glabrous.

39. ANISOMERIS Presl

Anisomeris albicaulis (Rusby) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 293.

1929. Guettarda albicauhs Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 6: 47. 1896.

Between Tipuani and Guanai, Bang 1636 (F, M, W; type collec-

tion). Guanai, Rusby 2659 (F, L, Y).

Leaves elliptic, 4-7 cm. long, obtuse, pilosulous beneath; corolla

tube 8 mm. long, tomentose outside.

Anisomeris apodantha Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 293. 1929.

Rio Surutu, Prov. Sara, Dept. Santa Cruz, alt. 400 m., Steinbach

7263 (F, type; K).

Leaves slender-petiolate, elliptic, 12-15 cm. long or larger,

glabrous above, strigillose beneath; flowers congested in the axils

and at the nodes, the inflorescences and flowers sessile; calyx lobes

linear-lanceolate; corolla appressed-pilose, the slender tube 17-20

mm. long, the lobes 4-5 mm. long.

Anisomeris boliviana (Standl.) Rusby, Bull. Torrey Club 52:

142. 1925. Chomelia boliviana Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18:

135. 1916.

Yungas, Bang 342 (F, M, type collection). Between Tipuani and

Guanai, Bang 1738 (M, W). Hacienda Simaco, 1,400 m., Buchtien

5575 (W). Misiones Guarayos-Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Dept. Santa

Cruz, 250-300 m., Werdermann 2600 (B).

Leaves elliptic-oval to lance-elliptic, 4-9 cm. long, acute or acu-

minate, sericeous beneath along the nerves; corolla tube 12-20 mm.

long.

Reported by Rusby (Mem. Torrey Club 33: 45. 1893) as Chomelia

tenuiflora Benth.

Anisomeris rauwolfioides Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 292. 1929.

Edge of forest, Rio Palometillas, Prov. Sara, Dept. Santa Cruz,

400 m., Steinbach 6768 (F, type; K, B, M, S).

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 295

A small tree 4 m. high; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic or oblong-

elliptic, 3.5-5.5 cm. long, acute, obtuse, or even rounded at the apex,

at the base obtuse or acute, glabrous above, barbate beneath in the

axils of the veins; flowers cymose-capitate, the cymes 3-5-flowered,

pedunculate, the flowers sessile; calyx lobes ovate-oblong, obtuse;

corolla appressed-pilose, the tube 10-12 mm. long, the lobes 2-2.5

mm. long.

"Espino bianco."

40. MALANEAAubl.

Malanea boliviana, sp. nov. — Ramuli graciles subteretes ferru-

ginei dense cinereo-strigillosi, internodiis elongatis; stipulae deciduae

ovato-oblongae 8 mm. longae acuminatae erectae dorso medio stri-

gosae ciliatae; folia breviter petiolata opposita, petiolo gracili 4-8

mm. longo strigoso; lamina coriacea elliptico-oblonga 5-7.5 cm. longa,

2-3 cm. Tata, acuminata, acumine acuto, basi acuta vel obtusa, supra

viridis, in statu juvenili ad venas sparse strigosa, cito glabrata, costa

venisque non elevatis, subtus fere concolor, praesertim ad venas

sparse strigosa vel glabrata, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus

utroque latere c. 7 obliquis, angulo semirecto adscendentibus, graci-

libus, prominentibus, leviter curvis, marginem fere attingentibus,

nervulis obsoletis; inflorescentiae axillares 1 cm. longe pedunculatae

dense multiflorae 3-4 cm. longae et 1-1.5 cm. latae, floribus sessilibus,

inferioribus in spicas breves dispositis, superioribus in glomerulos

parvos densos sessiles aggregatis, bracteis infimis subulatis 1-1.5 mm.

longis, superioribus late ovatis hypanthio multo brevioribus; hypan-

thium 0.7 mm. longum late turbinatum glabrum, calyce late cam-

panulato 0.5 mm. longo obscure lateque dentato sparse hispidulo vel

fere glabro 1-1.2 mm. lato; corolla extus dense strigosa infundibuli-

formis, tubo crassiusculo 2.5 mm. longo supra sensim dilatato, lobis

oblongis obtusis patentibus 1.8 mm. longis intus dense albido-

barbatis; antherae breviter exsertae 1.2 mm. longae oblongae; stylus

glaber 2 mm. longus. — Bolivia: San Carlos, region of Mapiri, alt.

800 m., January 17, 1927, Otto Buchtien 1885 (Herb. Field Mus.

No. 608,977, type; duplicate in B). San Miguel, Mapiri region,

800 m., Buchtien 1428 (B, W). San Carlos, region of Mapiri, 850

m., Buchtien 1494 (B). — Peru: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, Dept.

Loreto, in forest, 100 m., a liana with cream-colored flowers, in 1930,

King 917 (F).

The genus Malanea has not been recorded previously from

Bolivia or Peru, although represented by several species in eastern

and northern South America. M. boliviana is related to M. gabrielen-

sis Muell. Arg., but the latter has much broader leaves with numerous

veins.

41. CHIOCOCCAL.

Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc. Kept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 94. 1893.

Lonicera alba L. Sp. PI. 175. 1753. C. racemosa L. Syst. Nat. ed.

917. 1759. C. brachiata R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 67. pi. 219. 1799.

296 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Tarija, 1,500 m., Fiebrig 2671+ (W). Mapiri, Bang 1507 (F, W).

Locality uncertain, Williams 278 (W). Antahuacana, 750 m.,

Buchtien 2213 (F, W). Hacienda Simaco, 1,400 m., Buchtien 5574

(W). Chailla, May, 1866, Pearce (K). Pata, 1,800 m., December,

1864, Pearce (K). Buenavista, Dept. Santa Cruz, 500 m., Steinbach

5118 (F, Y). Rio Palometillas, Dept. Santa Cruz, 400 m., Steinbach

6766 (F). Coripati, Yungas, Bang 2146 (F). Dept. Santa Cruz,

450 m., Steinbach 7343 (F). Widely distributed in tropical America.

A shrub, often much elongate and subscandent, the branches

usually long and pendent; flowers pale yellow or white; fruit white,

fleshy, strongly compressed.

42. COFFEA L.

Coffea arabica L. Sp. PI. 172. 1753.

San Carlos, 750 m., October, 1907, Buchtien (M). Mapiri, Bang

1560 (M).

Coffee (Spanish, cafe) is grown commonly in Bolivia at suitable

elevations.

43. IXORA L.

Ixora Killipii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 174. 1930.

San Carlos, Mapiri region, 600 m., Buchtien 1697 (F). Also in

Peru and Colombia.

A shrub or small tree, the branchlets glabrous; leaves subsessile,

oblong-elliptic, 8.5-15 cm. long, abruptly acuminate, obtuse or

narrowly rounded at the base, glabrous; inflorescence cymose-

paniculate, laxly few-flowered, the flowers slender-pedicellate; calyx

segments triangular, acuminate; corolla greenish white, glabrous, the

slender tube 2.5 cm. long, 1 mm. thick, the lot>es linear-lanceolate,

acute or acuminate, 1.5 cm. long.

Ixora peruviana (Spruce), comb. nov. Cephalanthus peruvianus

Spruce ex Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 129. 1888.

Yapacani, 400 m., June, 1892, Kuntze (W). Bosque del Rio

Quimory, Dept. Santa Cruz, 400 m., Steinbach 7332 (B). In forest,

Rio Palometillas, Dept. Santa Cruz, 400 m., Steinbach 7611 (B).

San Buena Ventura, 420 m., Williams 627 (Y). Rurrenabaque, 300 m.,

Rusby 1295 (Y). Pampas near Lake Rogagua, 300 m., Cardenas

1633 (Y). Also in Peru.

A shrub about 3 m. high; leaves petiolate, oblong to oblong-

elliptic, acute or short-acuminate, 12-18 cm. long, glabrous or nearly

so; flowers in small dense headlike cymes, these racemose-paniculate,

with a strong jasmine-like odor; corolla white, 8-10 mm. long, the

lobes reflexed; stamens reflexed; fruit red or reddish violet.

44. COUSSAREA Aubl.

Coussarea benensis Britton in herb., sp. nov. — Glabra; ramuli

crassiusculi virides subteretes, internodiis elongatis; stipulae decid-

uae, non visae; folia opposita, petiolis validis 4-13 mm. longis supra

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 297

late sulcatis; limbus ellipticus vel elliptico-oblongus, 6.5-18 cm.

longus, 2.7-9 cm. latus, apice abrupte breviterque acuminatus,

acumine obtuso ad 1 cm. longo, basi acutus, crasse membranaceus,

fere concplor, anguste marginatus, costa et nervis lateralibus supra

prominulis, subtus prominentibus, gracilibus, nervis lateralibus utro-

que latere 5-7, angulo lato adscendentibus, arcuatis, prope marginem

irregulariter arcuato-conjunctis, nervulis prominulis laxe reticulatis;

inflorescentiae terminales capitiformes, plerumque 3-florae, sessiles

vel ad 8 mm. longe pedunculatae, floribus sessilibus vel brevissime

pedicellatis; hypanthium obovoideum 3.5 mm. longum; calyx 3-5

mm. longus, viridis, truncatus vel praesertim in flore centrali lobis

4 linearibus 4 mm. longis apice extrorsum uncinatis onustus; corolla

2.7 cm. longa, tubo 1 cm. longo, 3 mm. lato, lobis 4 lanceolato-lineari-

bus apicem versus sensim attenuatis. — Bolivia: Junction of the rivers

Beni and Madre de Dios, August, 1886, H. H. Rusby 2402 (Herb.

Field Mus. No. 164,433, type; duplicates in G, M, W, and Y).

Judging from the description of C. longiflora (Mart.) Muell. Arg.,

that Brazilian species must be closely related to the present plant,

but in C. longiflora the tube and lobes of the corolla are about equal

in length.

Coussarea hydrangeaefolia (Benth.) Benth. & Hook, ex Muell.

Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 65: 94. 1881. Faramea hydrangeaefolia Benth.

Linnaea23:451. 1850.

Buenavista, Dept. Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 6685 (F, M),

7254 (B), 3098 (B). Tumapasa, Williams 470 (W), 554 (W). Also

in Peru and Brazil.

A nearly glabrous shrub or small tree 2.5-6 m. high; stipules

acute; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-ovate to rounded-ovate, some-

times 20 cm. long, shortly cuspidate-acuminate, usually obtuse to

broadly rounded at the base; flowers white, in small ovoid panicles,

nearly sessile; calyx truncate; corolla glabrous, 10 mm. long, the 4

lobes twice as long as the tube; ripe fruit yellow, 1 cm. in diameter.

"Matico." Steinbach reports that the leaves are used for making

a beverage similar to mate or Paraguayan tea, which is reputed to

have tonic properties.

Coussarea rudgeoides Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 6: 48. 1896.

Between Tipuani and Guanai, Bang 1666 (F, W, M, type col-

lection). San Miguel, Mapiri region, 800 m., Buchtien 1491 (W).

San Carlos, Mapiri region, 850 m., Buchtien 1492 (F).

Glabrous; stipules 3-4 mm. long, rounded at the apex; leaves

nearly sessile, elliptic or oblong-ovate, 12-25 cm. long, 5-10 cm. wide,

abruptly caudate-acuminate, abruptly acuminate at the base; flowers

white, cymose-paniculate, terminal, the panicles 5-6 cm. long; calyx

truncate, obscurely denticulate; corolla 12 mm. long, the lobes half

as long as the tube.

298 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VII

Coussarea urophylla, sp. nov. — Omnino glabra; ramuli graciles

subteretes fusco-olivacei, internodiis valde elongatis; stipulae erectae

subpersistentes late ovatae vel rotundatae 4-6 mm. longae, 3-4 mm.

longe rigide abrupteque mucronatae; folia breviter petiolata opposita,

petiolo 7-12 mm. longo subtereti crasso; lamina subcoriacea elliptico-

oblonga, 14-18.5 cm. longa, 4-8.5 cm. lata, apice obtusa vel rotundata

et abrupte longeque caudata, acumine lineari 1.5-2 cm. longo obtuso,

basi acuta vel interdum abrupte contracta et breviter angustata,

supra in sicco flavo-viridis, costa venisque prominentibus, venulis

prominulis, subtus paullo pallidior, costa crassiuscula elevata, nervis

lateralibus utroque latere c. 13 prominentibus, gracilibus, irregu-

laribus, obliquis, angulo lato abeuntibus, infimis fere perpendiculari-

bus, obscure curvis, prope marginem conjunctis, venulis prominulis

laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia terminalis sessilis vel brevissime pedun-

culata, saepe e basi trichotoma, cymoso-paniculata, 4-5 cm. longa et

aequilata, laxe multiflora, ramis crassis adscendentibus vel diyaricatis

subteretibus, floribus subumbellatis vel in cymulas trifloras dispositis,

sessilibus vel crasse 1-2 mm. longe pedicellatis, bracteis caducis;

hypanthium late obovoideum 1.5 mm. longum, calyce latissime

campanulato truncate vix 1 mm. longo, 2-3 mm. lato; corolla in

alabastro 12-15 mm. longa obtusa, tubo crassiusculo 3 mm. lato,

limbo c. 5 mm. longo.— Bolivia: San Carlos, region of Mapiri, alt.

850 m., November 25, 1926, Otto Buchtien 1485 (Herb. Berol., type;

photo, and fragm. in herb. Field Mus. ; duplicate in U. S. Nat. Herb.).

45. FARAMEA Aubl.

Faramea anisocalyx Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 28.

1845.

Tipuani to Guanai, Bcmg 1641 (F, M, W). Charopampa, 570 m.,

Buchtien 1957 (W). San Carlos, 700 m., Buchtien 1719 (F). Also in

Peru.

A glabrous shrub 4 m. high; stipules truncate and aristate; leaves

short-petiolate, oblong-oblanceolate or oblong-obovate, caudate-acu-

minate; bracts large and leaflike, "snow-white" or "blue," drying

yellow; corolla blue.

Easily recognized by the large and handsomely colored bracts,

of whose color collectors give widely different descriptions.

Faramea Bangii Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 33: 45. 1893.

Yungas,£cmg 368 (F, M, W, type collection).

Stipules ovate-deltoid, aristate-acuminate; petioles 1-2 cm. long;

leaf blades oblanceolate-oblong, 9-19 cm. long, 3-5.5 cm. wide,

abruptly short-acuminate, acute at the base, coriaceous; panicles

terminal, sessile, many-flowered; pedicels about 1 cm. long; hypan-

thium more than 2 mm. long; calyx shallowly 5-dentate; corolla 1.5

cm. long, the lobes slightly longer than the tube.

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 299

Faramea candelabrum Standl., sp. nov. — Glabra; ramuli graci-

les lutescenti-virides subteretes, internodiis 3-7 cm. longis; stipulae

3 mm. longae persistentes, in tubum viridem truncatum connatae;

petioli graciles 10-14 mm. longi, supra profunde angusteque sulcati;

limbus anguste oblongus vel anguste oblanceolato-oblongus, 12-17

cm. longus, 2-4.8 cm. latus, apice acutus vel acuminatus et longe

caudato-acuminatus, acumine 1.5-2.5 cm. longo linear! obtuso, basi

acutus vel longe cuneatimque attenuatus, crasse membranaceus,

sublucidus, fere concolor, costa supra plana subtus prominente gracili,

nervis lateralibus utroque latere 8-9, gracilibus, supra non conspicuis,

subtus prominulis, angulo lato diyergentibus, arcuatis, prope mar-

ginem arcuato-conjunctis, nervulis prominulis reticulatis, margi-

natus, margine saepe anguste revoluto; inflorescentiae cymoso-corym-

bosae terminates sessiles trichotomae, 6-8.5 cm. longae et aequilatae,

laxe multiflorae, cymulis umbelliformibus 3-7-floris, pedicellis 3-6

mm. longis saepe curvis, bracteis minutis subulatis; hypanthium

obconicum 1 mm. longum; calyx 1 mm. longus remote 4-denticulatus,

dentibus triangularibus acuminatis; corolla in alabastro obtusa gla-

bra, tubo 7 mm. longo, superne sensim ampliato, fauce fere 3 mm.

lato, lobis 4 lanceolato-oblongis 6 mm. longis obtusis intus glabris;

antherae subexsertae lineares 5 mm. longae obtusae. — Bolivia:

Yungas, in 1890, Miguel Bang 322 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 163,405,

type; duplicates in W and M). Unduavi, alt. 2,400 m., Rusby

1870 (W).

In general appearance this suggests the Bolivian F. Bangii Rusby,

but in that the stipules are aristate-acuminate. The specimens were

distributed as F. salicifolia Presl.

Faramea maynensis Spruce ex Benth. & Hook. Gen. PI. 2:

121. 1873, nomen nudum; Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 300.

1907. F. benensis Rusby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: 379. 1927.

Mapiri, 750 m., Rusby 2120 (F, M, W), 2626 (W). Tipuani to

Guanai,Bcmgf 1681+ (M, W). Tumapasa, Williams 553 (W). Forests

of Buenavista, Dept. Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 6933 (F, M).

San Carlos, Mapiri region, 850 m., Buchtien 1750 (F). Buenavista,

500 m., Steinbach 5477 (Y), 7930 (B). Yungas, 1,800 m., Rusby 1869

(Y). Without locality, Bang 2655 (Y). Type of F. benensis from

Rurrenabaque, Cardenas 1 773. Also in Ecuador and Peru.

A glabrous shrub 1-3 m. high; stipules aristate-acuminate; leaves

slender-petiolate, narrowly oblong, long-acuminate or caudate-acumi-

nate, thin; flowers pedicellate, numerous, cymose-corymbose; calyx

4-denticulate; corolla glabrous, blue, 12-17 mm. long, the lobes

equaling or shorter than the tube; fruit smooth, nearly 1.5 cm. broad.

The specimens seen are somewhat variable but apparently con-

specific. F. maynensis may not be distinct from F. salicifolia Presl,

to which some of the Bolivian specimens have been referred.

Faramea tenuifolia Rusby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: 380.

1927.

300 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VII

Rurrenabaque, 300 m., Cardenas 2048 (Y, type; photo, in F).

Forests of Rio Surutu, Dept. Santa Cruz, Steinbach 7278 (F, K, B, S).

A glabrous shrub; stipules rounded and abruptly aristate; leaves

slender-petiolate, oblong or elliptic-oblong, 8-15 cm. long, caudate-

acuminate; inflorescences terminal and axillary, umbellate or cymose-

corymbose, pedunculate, the cymules 3-5-flowered, the flowers pedi-

cellate; calyx truncate; corolla 23 mm. long, the lobes slightly shorter

than the tube; fruit 6 mm. broad, obscurely obtuse- tuberculate.

The species is closely related to F. occidentalis (L.) A. Rich.,

differing in the shorter pedicels and proportionately longer corolla

tube. The type is in fruit only. The Steinbach collection, which is

in flower, I had considered to represent a distinct species, and it is

not at all certain that it is properly referable to F. tenuifolia, but the

leaves of the two collections are so similar that it is inadvisable to

separate them at present.

46. GEOPHILA Don

Geophila herbacea (Jacq.) Schum. in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 44:

119. 1891. Psychotria herbacea Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 16. 1760.

San Buena Ventura, Williams 614 (W). Charopampa, 570 m.,

Buchtien 1980 (W), 1981 (W). Guanai, 600 m., Rusby 2631 (F, W),

2615 (F). Mapiri, 1,500 m., Rusby 2102 (F, G, W). Sarampiuni,

Mapiri region, 500 m., Buchtien 1 429 (W) . San Carlos, Mapiri region,

750 m., Buchtien 1430 (W). Bosques de Buenavista, Dept. Santa

Cruz, 500 m., Steinbach 5226 (F). Rio Yapacani, Dept. Santa Cruz,

450 m., Steinbach 7496 (F). Widely distributed as a weed in tropical

America.

A creeping herb with long-petioled, rounded or ovate, cordate

leaves; flowers white, in small terminal pedunculate heads; fruits

fleshy, red or black, 5 mm. long.

47. CEPHAELIS Sw.

Cephaelis tomentosa (Aubl.) Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 19. 1796.

Tapogomea tomentosa Aubl. PI. Guian. 160. pi. 61 . 1775. Psychotria

tomentosa Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 68: 370. 1881. Uragoga

tomentosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 301. 1891.

San Carlos, Mapiri, 750 m., Buchtien 1952 (F), 28 (F, G). Polo-

Polo, North Yungas, 1,100 m., October, 1912, Buchtien (M). Yungas,

Bang 535 (F, G, W). Mapiri, 750 m., Rusby 853 (W), 854 (G),

855 (L). Guanai to Tipuani, Bang 1469 (F, G, M). San Carlos,

850 m., Buchtien 1447 (F), 1447a (F). Rio Surutu, Dept. Santa Cruz,

400 m., Steinbach 935 (B). Ranging northward to Mexico.

A slender shrub, usually 1-1.5 m. high, copiously hirsute; leaves

short-petiolate, lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, long-acuminate; flower

heads pedunculate, the large showy bracts bright red; corollas yellow;

fruits blue.

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 301

Cephaelis umbellata (R. & P.), comb. nov. Coffea umbellata

R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 64. pi. 215, /. a. 1799. Cephaelis conephoroides

Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Card. 4: 372. 1907.

Without locality, Bang 2866 (F, W, G, M, type collection of C.

conephoroides}. Hacienda Simaco, 1,400 m., Buchtien 5591 (W),

5592 (B, W). Yungas, Bang 366 (F, G, M, W). Locality uncertain,

Williams 1614 (W). Polo-Polo, North Yungas, 1,100 m., Buchtien

3954 (W). Moro, 900-1,200 m., Pearce (K). San Carlos, Mapiri

region, Buchtien 1454 (F, B). Also in Peru.

A glabrous shrub or tree, sometimes 5 m. high; stipules connate,

5-8 mm. long, rounded at the apex and bidentate; leaves coriaceous,

petiolate, obovate-oblong to oval, 10-18 cm. long, 3-8 cm. wide,

abruptly acuminate, at the base acute or obtuse; flower heads umbel-

late at the end of a long terminal peduncle, inflorescence violet, bracts

5-6 mm. long; calyx obsoletely 5-lobed; fruit subglobose, 6 mm. long.

Even casual examination of the descriptions of Coffea umbellata

R. & P. and C. subsessilis R. & P. shows that the figures on plate

215 have been transposed and are cited incorrectly by the authors.

The illustration of C. umbellata is figure a, not b, as cited by Ruiz

and Pavon. This confusion seems to have escaped the notice of

earlier writers.

48. PSYGHOTRIA L.

Psychotria alba R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 58. pi. 205, /. a. 1799.

Mapouria alba Muell. Arg. Flora 59: 458. 1876. M. rigida Rusby,

Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: 376. 1927.

Tumapasa, Williams 566 (K, W). Hacienda Simaco, 1,400 m.,

Buchtien 5589 (W). Sirupaya, South Yungas, in forest, 2,300 m.,

Buchtien 575 (W, Y), 576 (W, Y). San Antonio, near Mapiri, 850

m., Buchtien 1614 (F, W). Milluguaya, North Yungas, 1,300 m.,

Buchtien 763 (W). Moro, Yungas, 600-900 m., January, 1866,

Pearce (K). Buenavista, Dept. Santa Cruz, 500 m., Steinbach 5294

(B, Y). Canamina, 1,650 m., Rusby 102 (K). Sarampiuni, region of

Mapiri, 850 m., Buchtien 1476 (B), 1462 (B). San Carlos, 850 m.,

Buchtien 1470 (B), 1^84 (B). Yapacani, June, 1892, Kuntze (B).

Widely distributed in South America.

A nearly glabrous shrub 2-3 m. high; stipules large, brown, obtuse,

caducous; leaves petiolate, elliptic-oblong to pbovate, acute or

acuminate, at the base acute, glabrous or minutely puberulent

beneath on the veins; inflorescence terminal, pedunculate, paniculate,

open, many-flowered, trichotomous or radiately branched, the bracts

minute, deciduous; flowers short-pedicellate; calyx denticulate; corolla

white, 4 mm. long, minutely puberulent or glabrous; fruit glabrous.

Psychotria axillaris Willd. Sp. PI. 1: 962. 1797.

San Carlos, Mapiri region, 600 m., Buchtien 1468 (F, B); at 750

m., Buchtien 1942 (W). Extending northward to Trinidad and the

Guianas; British Honduras.

302 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

A shrub about 2 m. high ; stipules subulate, persistent, 2 mm. long;

leaves petiolate, elliptic to oblong, 12-15 cm. long, acuminate, taper-

ing to the base, glabrous or with minute scattered hairs beneath;

inflorescences axillary, short-pedunculate, densely few-flowered,

scarcely longer than the petioles, the flowers nearly sessile; calyx mi-

nutely 5-dentate; corolla white, barbate within; fruit black.

Psychotria Bangii Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 33: 47. 1893.

Yungas, Bang 404 (G, M, type collection). Unduavi Valley,

2,000-2,600 m., Bro. Julio 502 (W). Sirupaya, South Yungas, 2,300

m.,Buchtien574 (W).

A shrub, the branches glabrous; stipules persistent, united into a

short sheath, bifid, about 8 mm. long, the lobes linear-lanceolate,

attenuate; leaves petiolate, elliptic-oblong or lance-oblong, 10-20

cm. long, 4-10 cm. wide, long-acuminate, at the base acute or acumi-

nate, sparsely puberulent beneath along the nerves or glabrate;

inflorescence terminal, pedunculate, many-flowered, paniculate, nar-

row, pubescent, the branches opposite, the bracts linear; flowers

sessile; calyx teeth triangular; corolla pubescent, 5 mm. long, the

lobes very short, rounded at the apex.

Psychotria boliviana, sp. nov. — Frutex 1-1.5 m. altus, ramulis

gracilibus teretibus, vetustioribus ochraceis, novellis yiridibus inter-

dum subcompressis glabris, internodiis elongatis; stipulae erectae

persistentes glabrae in vaginam 3-4 mm. longam truncatam vel

brevissime 4-lobam connatae; folia breviter petiolata opposita, petiolo

gracili vel crassiusculo 5-13 mm. longo glabro; lamina membranacea

lanceolato-oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga, rarius anguste oblanceo-

lato-oblonga, 10-20 cm. longa, 2.5-8.5 cm. lata, longe sensimque vel

interdum abrupte acuminata, acumine angusto acuto vel obtuso,

basin versus longe angustata vel interdum abrupte angustata et

breviter decurrens, glabra, supra in sicco laete viridis, costa venisque

ut venuli prominentibus vel prominulis, subtus fere concolor, costa

gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 12 obliquis, angulo

angusto vel lato adscendentibus, gracilibus, prominentibus, subar-

cuatis vel fere rectis, prope marginem conjunctis, nervulis promi-

nulis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia terminalis parva 2-3.5 cm. longe

pedunculata, cymoso-paniculata, ovoidea, vulgo 3-4 cm. longa et fere

aequilata, laxe multiflora, ramis basalibus oppositis vel verticillatis,

patentibus vel adscendentibus, interdum subreflexis, brevibus, glabris

vel sparse et minutissime puberulis, bracteis minutis vix 1 mm. longis

triangularibus acuminatis mox deciduis, floribus subcapitato-congestis

sessilibus; hypanthium late turbinatum glabrum 0.5-0.8 mm. longum,

calyce late campanulato truncate glabro 0.6 mm. longo; corolla

alba vel lutescens extus glabra 3 mm. longa in alabastro apice

rotundata, tubo anguste campanulato in fauce dense albo-barbato,

lobis 5 patentibus triangulari-oblongis obtusis tubo fere duplo brevi-

oribus; fructus globosus glaber basi et apice rotundatus 5 mm. longus

pyrenis 2 dorso obscure costatis facie interiore planis. — Bolivia : San

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 303

Carlos, region of Mapiri, alt. 850 m., November 3, 1926, Otto Buchtien

1489 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 609,011, type). San Carlos, Buchtien

1478 (W, B), 1502 (F), 1489 (B), 151 6 (B). Mapiri, 500 m., Buchtien

1473 (B) ; Rusby 1883 (F). Tipuani to Guanai, Bang 1693 (F),1714 (F).

Some of the specimens have been referred to Psychotria chio-

nantha (DC.) Britton, a species not at all closely related.

Psychotria brachiata Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 45. 1788.

Sarampiuni, Mapiri region, 500 m., Buchtien 1464 (B, W), 1655

(B). Widely distributed in tropical America.

A shrub with glabrous branches; stipules short, green, persistent,

bilobate, the lobes rounded; leaves petiolate, oblong-obovate to

oblong-elliptic, acuminate, acute to attenuate at the base, glabrous

or nearly so; inflorescence terminal, pedunculate, paniculate, narrow,

the branches short, divaricate, subtended by long narrow involute

bracts, the flowers in dense bracted clusters; corolla white or yellow,

1 cm. long, pubescent; fruit glabrous, blue.

Psychotria Buchtieni (Winkl.), comb. nov. Uragoga Buchtieni

Winkl. Repert. Sp. Nov. 8: 5. 1910.

San Antonio, near Mapiri, 850 m., Buchtien 1608 (F, W, type

collection; photo, of type, ex Herb. Berol., in F). Polo-Polo, North

Yungas, 1,100 m., Buchtien 295 (F, G), 4725 (W); October, 1912,

Buchtien (M). Hacienda Simaco, 1,400 m., Buchtien 5578 (W), 5577

(W), 5579 (W). San Carlos, near Mapiri, 750 m., Buchtien 1945 (W) ;

at 850 m., Buchtien 1486a (F), 1486b (F), 1486c (F), 1487 (F), I486

(W), 1486d (W), 1486e (W), 1486f (W). Santa Cruz, 1,500-1,800 m.,

December, 1864, Pearce (K). Hacienda Casana, Tipuani Valley,

Buchtien 7502 (F, B). Also in Peru.

A shrub 2-4 m. high, glabrous or nearly so except in the inflores-

cence; stipules subpersistent, short, bilobate, the lobes narrow, 1-2

mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, ovate-oblong or oblong-elliptic,

long-acuminate, at the base obtuse or acute, sparsely short-pilose

beneath along the nerves; inflorescence terminal, pedunculate, densely

short-pilose, paniculate, radiately branched at the base, much shorter

than the leaves, the flowers sessile, glomerate, the bracts foliaceous,

as long as the flowers; calyx truncate, 5-denticulate; corolla pilosulous,

4-5 mm. long, densely barbate in the throat; fruit costate, 4 mm. long.

Psychotria Cardenasii, sp. nov. — Ramuli gracillimi teretes

striati virides glabri, internodiis elongatis; stipulae persistences in

vaginam 1-1.5 mm. longam glabram truncatam connatae, vagina in

lacinias 4 remotas subulatas 1 mm. longas erectas glabras desinente;

folia petiolata opposita, petiolo gracili 3-7 mm. longo glabro; lamina

firme membranacea, elliptica vel oyata, 4-9.5 cm. longa, 2-4 cm.

lata, abrupte sensimve longiacuminata, acumine triangulari vel

anguste triangulari attenuate acuto, basi acuta vel subabrupte con-

tracta et decurrens, glabra, supra viridis, sublucida, nervis promi-

nentibus, subtus pallida, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus

304 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

utroque latere c. 9, gracillimis, prominentibus, arcuatis, angulo lato

adscendentibus, prope marginem conjunctis, nervulis non elevatis

arete reticulatis; inflorescentia terminalis 1.2-8 cm. longe pedunculata

cympsa densa c. 8-flora, pedunculo gracili erecto minute puberulo,

ramis brevissimis erectis minute puberulis, bracteis minutis; hypan-

thium 0.8 mm. longum obovoideum sparse et minutissime puberulum ;

calyx glaber 0.6 mm. longus breviter 4-dentatus, dentibus latissime

triangularibus acutiusculis yel obtusis; corolla alba hypocrateri-

morpha extus glabra vel pruinoso-puberula, tubo cylindrico 2.5 mm.

longo fauce non barbato, lobis 4 patentibus 1 mm. longis oblongis

obtusis. — Bolivia: Bala, region of Rurrenabaque, alt. 300 m., Novem-

ber 28, 1921, M. Cardenas 1864 (Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard., type;

duplicates in K and B).

Psychotria carthaginensis Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 16. 1760.

P. foveolata R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 59. pi. 207, f. 6. 1799.

Uchimachi, Yungas, Bang 2378 (F, G, M, W). Songo, Bang 858

(F, G, M). Yungas, Bang 355 (B, G, K, M, W). Junction of the

rivers Beni and Madre de Dios, Rusby 1877 (F, G, M, W). Mapiri,

750 m., Rusby 1868 (W). Guanai, 600 m., Rusby 1889 (W). Millu-

guaya, North Yungas, 1,300 m., Buchtien 763 (F, W). Hacienda

Simaco, 1,400 m., Buchtien 5596 (W). Buenavista, Dept. Santa

Cruz, 500 m., Steinbach 5086 (F, B, Y). Canamina, 1,650 m., Rusby

102 (W). Yapacani, June, 1892, Kuntze (W). Yungas de San

Mateo, Dept. Cochabamba, 2,800 m., Steinbach 8422 (F, B, Y).

Widely distributed in South America.

A nearly glabrous shrub; stipules large, brown, obovate, obtuse,

caducous; leaves petiolate, lance-elliptic, acute or acuminate, at the

base acute or attenuate, puberulent beneath, at least along the

nerves, or glabrate; inflorescence terminal, paniculate, pedunculate,

open, many-flowered, usually radiately branched at the base, the

bracts minute, deciduous; flowers sessile; calyx obscurely dentic-

ulate; corolla white, minutely puberulent or glabrous, 4 mm. long;

fruit red, 4 mm. long, glabrous.

Some of the Bolivian specimens have been referred to Mapouria

tristis Muell. Arg., a closely related species.

Psychotria chlorotica Muell. Arg. Flora 59: 542. 1876; in Mart.

Fl. Bras. 68: 314. pi. 49. 1881.

Tipuani to Guanai, Bang 1649 (F, G, M, W). Polo-Polo, North

Yungas, 1,100 m., Buchtien 3917 (W, Y). Reported by Herzog

(Med. Rijks Herb. 46: 26. 1922) from Cerro Amboro, at 1,300 m.,

Herzog 317. Also in Peru and Brazil.

A glabrous shrub; stipules united at the base, green, persistent,

biparted, the lobes subulate, about 13 mm. long, or in the upper

leaves lanceolate and longer; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate to

oblong-elliptic, acuminate, at the base acute or obtuse; inflorescence

terminal, pedunculate, paniculate, small, dense, the branches oppo-

site or the lower verticillate; bracts greenish white, equaling the

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 305

flowers; flowers sessile; calyx teeth unequal; corolla creamy white,

glabrous, 8-9 mm. long, the lobes nearly as long as the tube; fruit

subglobose, 4 mm. long, coarsely costate.

Psychotria costata (Rusby), comb. nov. Mapouria costata

Rusby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: 377. 1927.

Reyes, 300 m., Rusby 1344 (Y, type; photo, in F).

A low shrub, finely and densely grayish-pubescent throughout;

stipules broadly ovate, deciduous, obtuse, 1 cm. long; leaves sessile

or nearly so, oval, 5-10 cm. long, 2.5-5 cm. wide, obtuse or acutish,

at the base rounded or subcordate; inflorescence terminal, short-

pedunculate, radiately branched from the base, about 3 cm. long

and 5 cm. broad; calyx shortly 5-dentate; corolla nearly 3 mm. long,

barbate in the throat, the lobes much longer than the tube.

Psychotria cuspidata Bredem. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 192.

1819. P. cormgera Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 227. 1841.

In forest, Buenavista, Dept. Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 7708

(F, M), 5307 (F, Y), 7222 (F, K, S). Polo-Polo, North Yungas,

1,100 m., Buchtien 3918 (B, W). Near Yungas, 1,200 m., Rusby

1881 (G, W). Hacienda Simaco, 1,400 m., Buchtien 5585 (B, W).

Hacienda Casana, Tipuani Valley, 1,400 m., Buchtien 7506 (F, B),

7517 (B). Widely distributed in tropical America.

A glabrous shrub 1-1.5 m. high; stipules short, green, persistent,

bicuspidate; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate to elliptic-ovate, very

long-acuminate, at the base obtuse or acute; inflorescence terminal,

pedunculate, small, corymbose-paniculate, the few branches ascend-

ing or reflexed; calyx truncate; corolla white, glabrous, 5 mm. long;

fruit white.

Psychotria emetica L. f. Suppl. PI. 144. 1781.

Buenavista, Dept. Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 7382 (F), 721 6a

(F, M). Rio Surutu, Dept. Santa Cruz, 400 m., Steinbach 6812

(F, M). San Antonio, 850 m., Buchtien 1932 (W). Ranging north

to Central America.

Stems simple, suffrutescent, 30 cm. high or more, puberulent;

stipules distinct, triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, deciduous; leaves

petiolate, elliptic-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate,

at the base acute or attenuate, glabrous above, puberulent beneath;

inflorescence axillary, about as long as the petioles, few-flowered,

subcapitate; calyx obscurely dentate; corolla white or purplish, 5

mm. long, glabrous outside; fruit 6 mm. long.

"Ipecacuana falsa." The plant is one of the sources of the drug

ipecac. Steinbach states that the roots have a strong and somewhat

nauseating odor.

Psychotria falcata Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 33: 47. 1893.

Yungas, Bang 516 (B, G, M, W, type collection). San Antonio,

near Mapiri, 850 m., Buchtien 1615 (F, W). Yungas de San Mateo,

306 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VII

2,800 m., Steinbach 8491 (F, B). San Carlos, Mapiri region, 800 m.,

Buchtien 1490 (F, B). Tipuani, 1,400 m., Buchtien 7516 (B, W).

Also in Peru.

A nearly glabrous shrub 2-3 m. high; stipules persistent, 3-4 mm.

long, united into a tube, very shortly bilobate, the lobes obtuse;

leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, long-acuminate, at

the base acute or abruptly acute, glabrous, paler beneath; inflores-

cence terminal, cymose-paniculate, pedunculate, narrow, open, many-

flowered, the branches puberulent, the bracts minute; flowers mostly

sessile; calyx acutely dentate; corolla 7 mm. long, glabrous, the lobes

short, obtuse.

Psychotria Hartwegiana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 95. 1929.

Coffea marginata Benth. PI. Hartw. 93. 1845, non P. marginata

Sw. 1788.

San Antonio, near Mapiri, 850 m., Buchtien 939 (W). Also in

Colombia.

Plants simple, suffrutescent, usually less than 1 m. high, the young

stems puberulent or short- villous; stipules short, broadly ovate,

caducous; leaves petiolate, lance-oblong to elliptic, acuminate, at the

base acute to attenuate, large, puberulent or pilose beneath, at least

along the veins; inflorescence axillary, long-pedunculate, corymbose-

paniculate, the flowers glomerate, sessile or nearly so, the branches

densely puberulent; corolla whitish, glabrous; fruit 4 mm. long.

Psychotria Herzogii S. Moore, Med. Rijks Herb. 46: 25. 1922.

Type from mountain forests, Cufiuru, at 700 m., Herzog 309.

Near Cochabamba, Bang 1184 (B, G, L, M, W). Rio Surutu, Dept.

Santa Cruz, 400 m., Steinbach 5526 (F, B, Y). Also in Peru.

A glabrous shrub about 1 m. high; stipules biparted, 6-8 mm.

long, persistent, the segments subulate, green; leaves nearly sessile,

ovate-oblong, acuminate to obtuse, 2-4 cm. wide, obtuse or rounded

at the base; inflorescence terminal, pedunculate, cymose-paniculate,

dense, few-flowered, the bracts equaling the flowers, lanceolate to

ovate-lanceolate, green or bluish; calyx obscurely denticulate; corolla

white, nearly 1 cm. long, glabrous outside; fruit blue, didymous,

glabrous, 5 mm. in diameter.

Psychotria involucrata Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 45. 1788.

Rio Surutu, Dept. Santa Cruz, 400 m., Steinbach 5571 (F, B, Y).

Guanai to Tipuani, Bang 1713 (G, M, W). San Carlos, Mapiri

region, 850 m., Buchtien 1471 (F). Widely distributed in tropical

America.

A nearly glabrous shrub ; stipules short, green, persistent, biaris-

tate; leaves petiolate, ovate or elliptic, acuminate, at the base abruptly

contracted and decurrent, glabrous; inflorescence terminal, peduncu-

late, dense, rounded, few-flowered, 1-2 cm. long, the flowers sessile

or nearly so, the outer bracts narrow, longer than the flowers, the

rachis bluish purple; fruit globose, black, 4 mm. long.

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 307

Psychotria lassula Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 100. 1930.

Polo-Polo, near Coroico, North Yungas, 1,100 m., Buchtien 5767

(W, type). Also in Colombia and Peru.

A glabrous shrub, probably epiphytic; stipules connate into a

truncate indurate sheath 2-3 mm. long, persistent; leaves short-

petiolate, coriaceous, oblong, 4-7.5 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. wide, obtuse

or subacute, at the base acute or obtuse, the lateral veins about 4 on

each side; inflorescence terminal, cymose-paniculate, pedunculate,

laxly many-flowered, 4-7 cm. broad, the branches verticillate, the

pedicels 1-4 mm. long; fruit red, globose, 4-5 mm. long.

Psychotria lupulina Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 230. 1841.

Rio Beni, Rusby 1872 (G, M, W). Also in Peru, Brazil, the

Guianas, and Colombia.

A slender shrub, the branches glabrous; stipules green, persistent,

truncate, shortly biaristate; leaves subsessile, ovate or elliptic,

acuminate, rounded to acute at the base, glabrous; flowers in dense

terminal pedunculate headlike cymes, the bracts large and foliaceous;

peduncles pubescent; calyx minutely 5-dentate; corolla white, 10

mm. long.

The single Bolivian collection is noteworthy because of the curious

upper leaves, which are subtruncate at the base and sometimes

caudate-acuminate. The form may be worthy of nomenclatural

recognition, but further material is necessary to establish its

constancy.

Psychotria luxurians Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 6: 50. 1896.

Between Tipuani and Guanai, Bang 1741 (F, G, M, W, type

collection). Charopampa, in forest, 570 m., Buchtien 1632 (W).

San Carlos, near Mapiri, 750 m., Buchtien 1941 (W). San Antonio,

near Mapiri, in forest, Buchtien 1616 (F, W). San Carlos, 850 m.,

Buchtien 1 498 (B, F) , 1 457 (F) . Reported from Peru, and in Ecuador.

Branches glabrous; stipules persistent, 6-7 mm. long, triangular,

short-bifid at the apex; leaves slender-petiolate, oblong-elliptic, large,

thin, long-acuminate, at the base acute, minutely puberulent along

the nerves; inflorescence terminal, long-pedunculate, paniculate, very

large, 10-20 cm. long, lax, many-flowered, the branches puberulent,

the bracts linear, 1-1.5 cm. long; flowers sessile or pedicellate; calyx

teeth acute; corolla 4 mm. long, glabrous outside, the short lobes

acute; fruit 3-4 mm. long.

Psychotria macrophylla R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 56. pi. 202,

f. a. 1799.

Antahuacana, 750 m., Buchtien 2227 (W, Y). Hacienda Simaco,

1,400 m., Buchtien 7518 (B). San Carlos, 850 m., Buchtien 1463

(B). Hacienda Casana, Tipuani Valley, 1,400 m., Buchtien 7513 (F).

San Carlos, Mapiri region, 850 m., Buchtien 1463 (B). Edge of forest,

308 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

San Onufre, 1,500 m., Steinbach 9342 (B). Hacienda Casana, 1,400 m.,

Buchtien 7518 (B). Ranging to southern Mexico.

Stems simple, suffrutescent, 1 m. high or less, glabrous or nearly

so; stipules short, broad, apiculate, caducous; leaves large, petiolate,

elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acuminate, acute to attenuate at the base,

glabrous or nearly so; inflorescence axillary, long-pedunculate, panic-

ulate, the branches often reflexed, the flowers sessile; calyx denticu-

late; corolla whitish, glabrous, 4-5 mm. long; fruit white or red,

glabrous, 4-5 mm. long.

Psychptria mapirensis, sp. nov. — Ramuli crassiusculi subte-

retes densissime pilis ferrugineis intertextis villoso-pilosi, internodiis

brevibus vel elongatis; stipulae caducae fere liberae tenues oblpngo-

ovatae acutae dense ferrugineo-pilosae; folia breviter petiolata

opppsita, petiolo crasso 6-20 mm. longo dense ferrugineo-piloso;

lamina rigide membranacea lanceolato-oblonga vel oblanceolatp-

oblonga, 10-16 cm. longa, 3.5-6.5 cm. lata, sensim acuminata, basin

versus longe sensimque angustata, fuscp-viridis, satis dense pilis

gracilibus fulvis hirsuta, ad costam densius hirsuta, costa venisque

manifestos sed non vel vix prominulis, subtus paullo pallidior, dense

pilis pallide brunneis villoso-pilpsa, costa gracili elevata, nervis

lateralibus utroque latere 8-12 obliquis, angulo angusto valde adscen-

dentibus, gracilibus, prominentibus, subarcuatis, marginem fere

attingentibus, venulis inconspicuis; inflorescentia terminalis magna

5 cm. longe pedunculata, basi foliis reductis fulcrata, late cymosp-

paniculata, laxa, c. 17 cm. longa et 26 cm. lata, ramis radiato-verti-

cillatis patentibus vel subadscendentibus crassiusculis elongatis

densissime f errugineo-villosis, bracteis paucis tenuibus late ovatis cus-

pidato-acuminatis plerumque 5-6 mm. longis extus villosis; flores in

capitula globosa longe pedunculata dense multiflora c. 5 mm. diam.

dispositi, arete sessiles; hypanthium ut calyx dense fulvo-villosulum

late turbinatum c. 1 mm. longum, calyce brevi c. 0.6 mm. longo sub-

truncato; corolla 3 mm. longa in alabastro obtusa, extus sparse vil-

losula vel glabrata, tubo gracili brevissimp abrupte in faucem late

campanulatam expanse, lobis 5 triangulari-pblongis obtusiusculis c.

1.5 mm. longis patentibus intus non barbatis; antherae subexsertae

anguste oblongae 1.3 mm. longae. — Bolivia: San Carlos, region of

Mapiri, alt. 600 m., December 31, 1926, Otto Buchtien 1398 (Herb.

Field Mus. No. 608,994, type; duplicate in B).

This plant is exactly intermediate between P. rufescens H. & B.

and P. villosa R. & P. P. rufescens has a similar inflorescence, but

very different pubescence on the upper surface of the leaves. In

P. villosa the leaves have the same sort of pubescence, but the

inflorescence is smaller and laxer, and the flowers are mostly pedi-

cellate, never disposed in globose heads.

Psychotria marginata Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 43. 1788.

Tipuani to Guanai, Bang 1670 (F, M, W). Buenavista, Dept.

Santa Cruz, 500 m., Steinbach 5294 (F; determination doubtful).

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 309

San Carlos, Mapiri region, 800 m., Buchtien 1471 (F), 1484 (W).

Ranging northward to Mexico and the West Indies.

A nearly glabrous shrub or small tree; stipules large, brown, entire,

caducous; leaves short-petiolate, obovate to obovate-oblong, acute or

acuminate, attenuate to the base, minutely puberulent or glabrous

beneath; inflorescence terminal, long-pedunculate, open-paniculate,

the bracts caducous, the flowers on pedicels 2-5 mm. long; calyx teeth

short, obtuse; corolla yellowish white, 3 mm. long, glabrous outside;

fruit globose, glabrous, 3-4 mm. long.

Psychotria microbotrys Ruiz ex Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8:

204. 1930.

San Carlos, Mapiri region, 850 m., Buchtien 1467 (B), 1466

(B, W). Also in Peru and Venezuela.

A shrub or small tree, glabrous except in the inflorescence; stipules

persistent, 14-17 mm. long, bifid almost to the base, the segments

lance- triangular, long-acuminate; leaves petiolate, membranaceous,

elliptic-oblong to broadly elliptic, 14-24 cm. long, 7-11 cm. wide,

acute at the base and apex; inflorescence terminal, pedunculate,

broadly thyrsoid-paniculate, laxly many-flowered, 2-5 cm. long in

anthesis, the branches spreading or broadly ascending, in fruit

sometimes somewhat reflexed, glabrous or sparsely and minutely

puberulent, the flowers sessile or very shortly pedicellate, sometimes

secund; calyx lobes broadly rounded; corolla white, glabrous outside,

2.5 mm. long; fruit glabrous, subglobose, 3 mm. long.

Psychotria nana Krause, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 50: 109.

1909.

Rio Jovo, White 2086 (Y). Also in Brazil.

A branched shrub 25-60 cm. high, the branchlets glabrous; stipules

caducous; leaves herbaceous, obovate-lanceolate or narrowly obovate,

10-12 cm. long, 3-4 cm. wide, long-acuminate, cuneately narrowed

to the base, glabrous; fruits globose, 5 mm. long, costate.

Psychotria niveo-barbata (Muell. Arg.) Britton, Bull. Torrey

Club 18: 110. 1891. Mapouria niveo-barbata Muell. Arg. in Mart.

Fl. Bras. 65: 401. 1881.

Yungas, Bang 355 (F). Guanai, 600 m., Rusby 2161 (G, W,

referred by Britton, loc. cit., to P. leiocarpa Cham. & Schlecht.).

Reported by Britton from Mapiri, Rusby 1886. Occurring also in

Brazil.

A nearly glabrous shrub; stipules caducous, linguiform, obtuse;

leaves petiolate, narrowly oblanceolate, long-acuminate, long-attenu-

ate to the base, glabrous; inflorescence terminal, paniculate, pedun-

culate, lax, the bracts deciduous, the flowers slender-pedicellate;

calyx repand-denticulate; corolla 4 mm. long, glabrous outside; fruit

glabrous, 3 mm. long.

The identity of the specimens here cited is not altogether certain.

310 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Psychotria Ottonis, sp. nov. — Frutex, ramulis vetustioribus

crassiusculis subteretibus sordide oliy^ceis yel olivaceo-ochraceis,

novellis in sicco fuscis glabris, internodiis brevibus; stipulae 5-6 mm.

longae erectae persistentes glabrae in vaginam brevem connatae,

vagina in lobos 4 approximates late oblongo-ovatos obtusos vel

acutiusculos desinente; folia petiolata opposita, petiolo gracili 10-15

mm. longo glabro; lamina firme membranacea elliptico-oblonga,

obovata vel late elliptico-obovata, 9.5-14.5 cm. longa, 4-7 cm. lata,

apice abrupte breviterque acuminata, interdum late rotundata et

apiculata, acumine late triangulari obtusp, basin versus cuneatim

longe vel brevius angustata, supra in sicco fusca, glabra, costa

venisque prominentibus, subtus pallidior, secus costam ciliata, aliter

glabra, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utrpque latere c. 10

obliquis, angulo latp adscendentibus, prominentibus, gracillimis,

arcuatis, juxta marginem conjunctis, venulis prominulis laxe reti-

culatis; inflorescentia terminals sessilis vel 3-4 cm. longe pedun-

culata, cymoso-paniculata, oyoidea, sublaxe multiflora, 4-6 cm. longa

et aequilata, ramis rigidis validis angulo lato adscendentibus alternis

vel interdum fasciculatis pilis pallidis debilibus plus minusve dense

pilosis, bracteis persistentibus plerumque 1-2 mm. longis late ovatis

obtusis, floribus sessilibus cymoso-congestis vel subcapitatis; hypan-

thium latum c. 0.8 mm. longum sparse puberulum, calyce late cam-

panulato glabrato 1.7 mm. longo truncate vel brevissime lateque

lobulato; corolla alba extus dense villosula in alabastro obtusa c. 9

mm. longa, tubo crasso superne paullo dilatatp, lobis oblongis obtusis

adscendentibus intus npn barbatis tubo brevioribus. — Bolivia: San

Carlos, region of Mapiri, alt. 850 m., December 26, 1926, Otto Buch-

tien 1415 (U. S. Nat. Herb., type; photo, in herb. Field Mug.).

Also No. 1515, with the same data (Herb. Berol.).

Psychotria pallescens (Rusby), comb. nov. Mapouria palles-

cens Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 6: 49. 1896.

Between Tipuani and Guanai, Bang 1675 (F, G, M, type collec-

tion). Junction of the rivers Beni and Madre de Dios, Rusby 1875

(W). Charopampa, 570 m., Buchtien 1621 (F, W). San Miguel,

Mapiri region, 900 m., Buchtien 1742 (B). Sarampiuni, Mapiri

region, 600 m., Buchtien 1462 (W), 1476 (W). San Carlos, 850 m.,

Buchtien 1470 (W). Also in Peru.

A glabrous shrub 2 m. high; stipules ovate, 7-8 mm. long, rounded

at the apex, brown, caducous; leaves petiolate, oval to oblong-

obovate, 8-15 cm. long, 4-10 cm. wide, rounded to acute at the apex,

cuneate to obtuse at the base, pale; inflorescence terminal, pedun-

culate, cymose-paniculate, large and many-flowered, the bracts decid-

uous; flowers sessile; calyx entire or obscurely denticulate; corolla

yellow, 8 mm. long, pruinose-puberulent, the lobes less than half

as long as the tube.

Psychotria patens Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 45. 1788. P.

flexuosa Willd. Sp. PI. 1: 966. 1798. Uragoga patens Kuntze, Rev.

Gen. 2: 962. 1891.

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 311

Tipuani to Guanai, Bang 1653 (F, G, M, W). Mapiri, 1,500 m.,

Rusby 1884 (G, M, W). Ticunhuaya, 1,500 m., Tate 1101 (Y).

San Carlos, Mapiri region, 850 m., Buchtien 11+97 (W). Widely

distributed in tropical America.

A slender glabrous shrub ; stipules short, persistent, green, biaris-

tate; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate to oblong-ovate, long-acu-

minate, at the base rounded to acute; inflorescence terminal, panic-

ulate, pedunculate, the very slender branches reflexed; calyx lobes

triangular; corolla glabrous outside, about 7 mm. long; fruit white

or pale blue, 3 mm. long.

Psychotria Pearcei, sp. nov. — Frutex 1-2-metralis, ramulis

crassis subteretibus glabris ochraceis, internodiis 1-2 cm. longis;

stipulae deciduae 9-13 mm. longae rotundato-ovatae obtusae fer-

rugineae glabrae erectae; folia breviter petiolata opposita, petiolo

valido 7-12 mm. longo glabro vel sparse minuteque puberulo;

lamina crasse membranacea oblanceolato-oblonga vel pbovato-

oblonga, 9-17 cm. longa, 4-6 cm. lata, acuta vel obtusa, basin versus

longe angustata, basi ipsa cuneatp-acuta, supra fusca glabra nervis

non elevatis, subtus paullo pallidior, ad nervos ferrugineo-puberula

vel villosula, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere

c. 12, gracillimis, prominentibus, arcuatis, angulo lato adscendentibus,

juxta marginem conjunctis, nervulis inconspicuis paucis laxe reti-

culatis; inflorescentia terminalis 2-4 cm. longe pedunculata, cymoso-

paniculata, densissime multiflora, 4-5 cm. longa, 4.5-6.5 cm. lata,

pedunculo crasso recto, ramis oppositis brevibus validis adscenden-

tibus vel subdivaricatis dense ferrugineo-puberulis, floribus sessilibus

ad apices ramulorum dense capitatp-congestis, bracteis minutis et

inconspicuis; hypanthium late turbinatum 1 mm. longum sparse

et minutissime puberulum vel glabrum; calyx 1-1.2 mm. longus

glaber vel glabratus, subtruncatus, remote et obsolete denticulatus;

corolla alba extus glabra, tubo suburceolato 4 mm. longo ore subcon-

stricto, lobis 4 oblongis obtusis intus minute puberulis; antherae

semiexsertae. — Bolivia (?) : Callcan, alt. 2,400 m., November, 1864,

Pearce (Herb. Kew., type; photo, in herb. Field Mus.).

Psychotria pervicax, sp. nov. — Ramuli graciles teretes fusco-

ferruginei glabri, internodiis brevibus vel elongatis; stipulae persis-

tentes in vaginam 1 mm. longam truncatam glabram connatae,

vagina in lobos 2 ovatos obtusos 1-1.5 mm. longos desinente; folia

opposita, petiolo valido glabro 2-3 mm. longo; lamina coriacea glabra

elliptico-oblonga, 6-11 cm. longa, 2.5-5 cm. lata, obtusa, acuta vel

acuminata, basi obtusa vel acuta, lucida, costa nervisque utrinque

prominentibus, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 10, angulo lato

adscendentibus, gracilibus, arcuatis, prope marginem conjunctis,

nervulis subtus vix prominulis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia termi-

nalis 4-7 cm. longe pedunculata cymoso-paniculata, 4-6 cm. longa

et lata, dense multiflora, basi plerumque trichotoma, ramulis adscen-

dentibus validis minute sparseque puberulis; bracteae subulatae 1-3

mm. longae; flores sessiles vel 1-2 mm. longe pedicellati; calyx vix

312 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

0.5 mm. longus, brevissime obtuseque denticulatus, glaber; fructus

subglobosus 4 mm. longus sulcatus glaber, costis obtusis. — Bolivia:

Hacienda Simaco, on the road to Tipuani, alt. 1,400 m., February,

1920, Otto Buchtien 5589 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,398,056, type) ;

January 25, 1920, Buchtien 5595 (B, W) ; February, 1920, Buchtien

5589b (B).

Without corollas the generic position of the present plant is

doubtful, and it is quite as likely to be a Palicourea as a Psychotria.

At any rate, it has not been possible to refer the specimens to any

species of either genus heretofore recorded from the region.

Psychotria pilosa R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 60. pi. 208, /. a. 1799.

Hacienda Simaco, on the road to Tipuani, 1,400 m., Buchtien

5594 (B, W). Sarampiuni, Mapiri region, 600 m., Buchtien 1461

(B, W). Also in Peru.

A shrub, the branches densely hispid-pilose; stipules persistent,

1-1.5 cm. long, bifid almost to the middle, the lobes lanceolate,

acuminate; leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate or narrowly elliptic-

oblong, 10-16 cm. long, 3-4 cm. wide, long-acuminate, acute at the

base, membranaceous, hispid on both surfaces; inflorescence terminal,

pedunculate, paniculate, 3-4 cm. long, the branches hispid, the

bracts ovate or lanceolate, 4-9 mm. long, the flowers congested,

sessile; calyx lobes subulate; corolla white, 6 mm. long, glabrous

outside, the lobes very short.

Psychotria racemosa (Aubl.) Willd. Sp. PL 1: 966. 1797.

Nonatelia racemosa Aubl. PL Guian..!: 187. pi. 72. 1775.

Mapiri, 750 m., Rusby 1867 (G), 1894 (Y). Buenavista, Dept.

Santa Cruz, 400 m., Steinbach 5559 (B, Y). Widely distributed in

tropical America.

A shrub 2 m. high or less, the branches puberulent; stipules

biparted, the segments linear-subulate, green, persistent; leaves short-

petiolate, oblong-elliptic, acuminate, usually abruptly contracted at

the base, nearly glabrous; inflorescence terminal, thyrsiform, short-

pedunculate, the short branches minutely hirtellous, the flowers

sessile; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate; corolla hirtellous; fruit 4-5-

celled, sulcate, 4 mm. long.

This species may be recognized immediately by its usually

5-celled fruit, that of most species being 2-celled.

Psychotria ramiflora Rusby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card. 7: 377.

1927.

Rurrenabaque, 300 m., November 26, 1921, Cardenas 1852 (Y,

type; photo, in F).

Stipules connate, persistent, 4 mm. long, very shortly bilobate,

the lobes rounded; branches glabrous; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-

elliptic, 13-25 cm. long, 5-11 cm. wide, acuminate, acute at the

base, glabrous; inflorescence terminal, long-pedunculate, puberulent,

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 313

broadly paniculate, 10-22 cm. long, very lax and many-flowered,

the bracts subulate; flowers sessile, clustered or solitary along the

branches; calyx 0.5 mm. long, shallowly dentate; corolla funnelform,

6-7 mm. long, puberulent, the lobes 1 mm. long.

Psycho tria reticulata R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 56. pi. 212, f. b.

1799. Rudgea valida Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 6: 51. 1896.

Mapiri, Bang 1564 (F, G, M, W; type collection of R. valida).

Chimate, Mapiri region, 500 m., Buchtien 1455 (F). Also in Peru.

Branches densely and shortly velvety-pilose; stipules persistent,

united into a truncate sheath, the free lobes linear, nearly 1 cm.

long; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-ovate to oblong-elliptic, abruptly

acuminate, at the base obtuse, thick, rough above, densely velvety-

pubescent beneath; inflorescence terminal, pedunculate, cymose-

paniculate, pyramidal, the primary branches subtended by long

narrow bracts, the cymes very dense, the flowers sessile; calyx teeth

ovate, acute; corolla 6 mm. long, yellow, pilose.

Psychotria rhodothamna Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 201. 1930.

Buenavista, Dept. Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 910 (B). Sub-

monte de Buenavista, 450 m., Steinbach 2320 (B). Bosque de

Dolores, Dept. Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 2838 (B). Pamparegion

de Buenavista, 400 m., Steinbach 3285 (B). Also in Peru.

A shrub 1-2 m. high, glabrous except in the inflorescence; stipules

appressed, persistent, 2-3 mm. long, the short lobes ovate-triangular,

obtuse; leaves petiolate, lance-oblong to oblong-elliptic, 9-19 cm.

long, 3-8 cm. wide, cuspidate-acuminate, at the base acute or short-

acuminate, the lateral veins about 8 pairs; inflorescence terminal,

depressed-cymose, short-pedunculate, 1.5-3 cm. wide, densely many-

flowered, the branches minutely puberulent or glabrous, fastigiate,

tinged with red when dry, the flowers sessile or short-pedicellate;

calyx truncate or obsoletely denticulate; corolla . white, the tube

8-14 mm. long, the lobes 2.5-3 mm. long; fruit blue, didymous-

globose, glabrous, 5-6 mm. broad.

Psychotria Ruizii, sp. nov. — Frutex fere glaber, ramulis graci-

libus subteretibus viridibus vel olivaceis glabris, internodiis elongatis;

stipulae erectae persistentes virides glabrae fere ad basin bifidae,

laciniis lineari-attenuatis rigidis; folia breviter petiolata opposita,

petiolo gracili interdum marginato 8-20 mm. longo glabro; lamina

firme membranacea oblongo-ovata, lanceolato-oblonga vel elliptica,

10-19 cm. longa, 4-8 cm. lata, acuta, abrupte acuta vel longiacu-

minata, basi vulgo subito contracta et longe decurrens, glabra, supra

lutep-yiridis, costa yenisque prominentibus, subtus paullo vel vix

pallidior, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 7

angulo acuto adscendentibus obliquis arcuatis gracilibus prominen-

tibus juxta marginem conjunctis, nervulis prominulis inconspicuis

laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia terminals capituliformis 1-2 cm. lata,

1-1.5 cm. longe pedunculata, erecta vel subrecurva, basi bracteata,

pedunculo crasso sparse puberulo vel pilosulo vel fere glabro, bracteis

314 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

exterioribus viridibus rotundatis persistentibus c. 6 mm. longis et

aequilatis glabris apice late rotundatis, interioribus interdum paullo

longioribus venosis vel striatis, floribus paucis in capitula dense con-

gestis sessilibus, capitulis paucis sessilibus yel interdum breviter

pedunculatis; calyx profunde lobatus, laciniis triangulari-subulatis

attenuatis; fructus glaber subglobosus c. 3.5 mm. longus et 4 mm.

latus, pyrenis dorsq 3-costatis facie interiore profunde anguste

sulcatis. — Bolivia: Tipuani to Guanai, December, 1892, Miguel Bang

1710 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 166,033, type). San Carlos, Mapiri

region, 850 m., November 3, 1926, Buchtien 1970 (F); January

23, 1927, Buchtien 1465 (F).— Peru: Chicoplaya, Ruiz (photo, of

specimen from Herb. Berol. in herb. Field Mus.).

Bolivian material of this species has been referred to P. brachypoda

(Muell. Arg.) Britton, a quite different plant of Brazil. Psychotria

Ruizii is related to P. involucrata Sw., but it has a quite different

inflorescence and much broader bracts. The Ruiz specimen in the

Berlin herbarium bears an unpublished name which, unfortunately,

has been used already for a Brazilian species.

Psychotria scabrifolia Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer. PI. 137.

1920.

Mapiri, 750 m., Rusby 2489 (G, W, type collection). Hacienda

Simaco, 1,400 m., Buchtien 5593 (B, W). Hacienda Casana, 1,400

m., Buchtien 7515 (W).

A shrub 1-1.5 m. high, the branches densely hirsute; stipules

green, persistent, united into a short sheath, this biaristate, the lobes

about 1 cm. long; leaves short-petiolate, large, oblong-lanceolate,

long-acuminate, at the base acute, densely hirsute; inflorescence

terminal, cymose-corymbose, very dense, pedunculate or sessile,

trichotomous, the flowers sessile, the bracts large and conspicuous,

lance-linear, hirsute, longer than the calyx; calyx 5-parted, the lobes

linear, 3 mm. long; corolla white, hirtellous, 1 cm. long, the tube

very slender.

Psychotria Steinbachii, sp. nov. — Frutex 3-metralis, ramulis

novellis viridibus teretibus in sicco ad nodos constrictis glabris vel

nodis superioribus dense pilosis, internodiis 2-5 cm. longis; stipulae

persistentes in vaginam 4-6 mm. longam dense fulyo-pilosam trun-

catam paullo incrassatam connatae, vagina in lacinias 4 lanceolato-

triangulares 8 mm. longas dense pilosas acutas erectas distantes

desinente; folia breviter petiolata opposita, petiolo c. 1.5 cm. longo

crassiusculo dense breviterque piloso; lamina firme membranacea

lanceolata vel lanceolato-oblonga, 18-21 cm. longa, 4.5-6 cm. lata,

longissime angusteque attenuato-acuminata, acumine anguste obtuso,

basin versus longe sensimque angustata vel attenuata, supra viridis,

tantum ad costam pilosula yel puberula, costa venisque subimpressis,

subtus paullo pallidior, ubique praesertim ad venas pilis patentibus

pallidis mollibus satis dense pilosa, costa gracili elevata, nervis

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 315

lateralibus utroque latere c. 11 obliquis angulo angusto valde adscen-

dentibus, gracilibus, prominentibus, marginem fere attingentibus,

venulis prominulis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia terminalis 12 mm.

longe pedunculata thyrsoideo-paniculata c. 6 cm. longa et 4.5 cm.

lata, cymis paucis racemose dispositis dense multifloris capituli-

formibus c. 1.5 cm. diam., usque ad 1 cm. longe pedunculatis, ramis

crassis patentibus dense villoso-pilosis, bracteis infimis stipulif ormibus

et 6 mm. longis, superioribus lanceolatis vel oblongis viridibus flpres

fere aequantibus glabratis ciliatis, floribus sessilibus; hypanthium

turbinatum 1.2 mm. longum sparse pilosum vel fere glabrum, calyce

0.6 mm. longo fere ad basin 5-fido, laciniis anguste triangularibus

acutis ciliatis; corolla ochroleuca extus dense albido-villpsa 6-7 mm.

longa, lobis triangulari-oblongis subpatentibus obtusis intus glabris

2-2.5 mm. longis; antherae subexsertae 2.5 mm. longae anguste

lineares. — Bolivia: Yungas de San Mateo, Comarapa, Dept. Santa

Cruz, alt. 2,800 m., October 25, 1928, Jose Steinbach 8540 (Herb.

Berol., type; duplicate in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.; photo, in herb.

Field Mus.).

Psychotria tipuanensis, sp. nov. — Ut videtur dense ramosa,

ramulis gracilibus subteretibus in sicco ad nodos constrictis olivaceis

vel subfuscis glabris, internodiis elongatis; stipulae persistentes

erectae glabrae in vaginam truncatam plus minusve induratam

1.5-2.5 mm. longam connatae, vagina in lacinias 4 remotas lineari-

subulatas rigidas 2.5-5 mm. longas desinente; folia breviter petiolata

opposita, petiolo gracili glabro 5-8 mm. longo; lamina tenuiter

coriacea anguste lanceolato-oblonga 7-11 cm. longa, 1.5-2.5 cm.

lata, longe attenuato-acuminata, acumine angusto, basin versus longe

sensimque attenuata, glabra, supra laete viridis, costa venisque non

elevatis, subtus pallidior, cpsta crassiuscula elevata, nervis lateralibus

utroque latere 'c. 16, aliis tenuioribus et brevioribus interjectis,

angulo fere recto abeuntibus, gracilibus, prominentibus, valde arcua-

tis, in marginem desinentibus, nervulis prominulis laxe reticulatis;

inflorescentia terminalis sessilis vel 1 cm. longe pedunculata cymoso-

paniculata laxe multiflora 5-8 cm. longa, 4.5-12 cm. lata, basi vulgo

trichotoma, ramis oppositis basi bracteatis patentibus vel late adscen-

dentibus sparse puberulis, bracteis linearibus viridibus usque ad 8

mm. longis, ceteris brevioribus, floribus in cymulas parvas densas

dispositis, sessilibus vel brevissime pedicellatis; hypanthium 1 mm.

longum turbinatum glabrum vel obscure sparseque puberulum, calyce

0.5 mm. longo minute acuteque dentato; corolla 4 mm. longa extus

glabra vel sparse minuteque puberula, in alabastro apice subdepressa

et obscure 5-tuberculata, tubo crassiusculo supra dilatato, lobis late

ovatis obtusis 1 mm. longis suberectis intus non barbatis; bacca

ovali-globosa 4.5 mm. longa glabra basi et apice rotundata, pyrenis

2 dorso obtuse costatis, facie interiore planis et angustissime longi-

trorsum sulcatis. — Bolivia: Between Tipuani and Guanai, Decem-

ber, 1892, Miguel Bang 1727 (Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard., type; duplicate

in Herb. Berol.).

316 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Psychotria tristis Winkl. Repert. Sp. Nov. 7: 249. 1909.

In forest, San Antonio, near Mapiri, 850 m., Buchtien 1613 (W,

type collection). Unduavi, North Yungas, 3,300 m., Buchtien 674

(F, W); Julio 333 (W). Camarapa, Dept. Santa Cruz, 2,800 m.,

Steinbach 8491 (Y).

A shrub 2 m. high, the branches puberulent; stipules green>

persistent, short-connate, 7-10 mm. long, bilobate, truncate between

the setaceous lobes; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic-oblong, long-acu-

minate, attenuate to the base, thin, paler and puberulent beneath;

inflorescence terminal, pedunculate, paniculate, narrow, dense, many-

flowered, puberulent, the bracts linear, up to 6 mm. long, inconspicu-

ous; flowers mostly sessile; calyx teeth ovate- triangular, acute;

corolla yellow, minutely puberulent or glabrate, 5 mm. long; fruit

coarsely costate, 5 mm. long.

Psychotria trivialis Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 6: 50. 1896.

Espiritu Santo, Bang 1186 (B, G, M, type collection). In thin

forest, Buenavista, Dept. Santa Cruz, 500 m., Steinbach 5569 (F, Y),

6870 (F, M), 7117 (F, B, K, M, S), 5173 (F, B, Y). Bosques de

Buenavista, 450 m., Steinbach 3325 (B). Mapiri, 550 m., Buchtien

1472 (F, B). Also in Peru.

A glabrous shrub or small tree 3-4 m. high; stipules ovate-

triangular, 2-3 mm. long, acute, caducous; leaves petiolate, oblong-

oblanceolate or obovate-oblong, small, long-acuminate, long-attenu-

ate to the base; inflorescence terminal, pedunculate, paniculate,

many-flowered, lax, green, the bracts short, triangular-subulate,

persistent; flowers slender-pedicellate; calyx acutely dentate; corolla

scarcely 3 mm. long, yellow, glabrous, the lobes nearly as long as the

tube; fruit red, globose, 3 mm. long.

Psychotria viridis R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 61. pi. 210, f. b. 1799.

Guanai, 600 m., Rusby 2515 (F, W). Santa Cruz, 450 m., Stein-

bach 7495 (F, B, K, S). Ranging north to Central America and Cuba.

A glabrous shrub or small tree; stipules large, acuminate, thin,

brown, caducous; leaves short-petiolate, obovate or oblong-obovate,

acute or acuminate, cuneate-attenuate to the base; inflorescence

terminal, pedunculate, spicate-paniculate, the flowers sessile in dis-

tant glomerules; corolla greenish white; fruit red.

Psychotria yungasensis Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 33: 46. 1893.

Yungas, Bang 597 (B, G, M, type collection), 598 (G, M, W).

Quichara, 2,100-2,400 m., November, 1864, Pearce (K). Rusby

reports also Rusby 1 865.

A nearly glabrous shrub ; stipules persistent, green, united into a

short sheath, short-bifid, the lobes triangular-subulate; leaves petio-

late, ovate to ovate-oblong, large, thin, acuminate, at the base acute

or abruptly acute, sparsely pubescent beneath along the costa or

glabrate; inflorescence terminal or becoming lateral, long-peduncu-

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 317

late, corymbiform-paniculate, the branches ascending, sparsely pubes-

cent, many-flowered, the bracts minute; flowers partly sessile and

partly on stout pedicels, often secund; calyx denticulate; corolla

pubescent, 7 mm. long, the lobes about half as long as the tube; fruit

subglobose, nearly smooth, 4-5 mm. broad.

49. PALICOUREA R. & P.

Palicourea amethystina (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 4: 527. 1830.

Psychotria amethystina R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 57. pi. 203 J. b. 1799.

Coroico, 1,800-2,100 m., February, 1866, Pearce (K). Santa

Cruz, 1,800-2,100 m., December, 1864, Pearce (K). Also in Peru.

A shrub 2-3 m. high, the young branches villosulous, soon

glabrate; stipule sheath loose, 5-8 mm. long, the lobes narrowly

triangular, shorter than the sheath; leaves short-petiolate, opposite,

elliptic-oblong, 8-16 cm. long, acuminate, thick, short- villous or

pilose beneath on the nerves; panicles pedunculate, pyramidal, many-

flowered, 8-16 cm. long, the branches spreading, hirtellous or glabrate,

the bracts subulate, inconspicuous; flowers short-pedicellate; calyx

lobes minute, obtuse; corolla blue or purplish, tubular, glabrous,

8-9 mm. long; fruit oval, purple.

Palicourea attenuata Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Card. 4: 371.

1907. Psychotria salicifolia Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer. PL 140.

1920, non HBK. 1820.

Without locality, Bang 2017 (W, type collection). San Antonio,

near Mapiri, in forest, 850 m., Buchtien 1611 (F, W). Without local-

ity, "probably from near Cochabamba," Bang (Y, type of P. salici-

folia; photo, in F). Pararani, Mapiri region, 1,000 m., Buchtien 1459

(B, W). Also in Peru.

A shrub 2-3 m. high, the branches glabrous; stipule sheath 2-3

mm. long, truncate, the lobes very distant, triangular, as long as the

sheath; leaves short-petiolate, narrowly lance-oblong, 10-30 cm.

long, 3-7 cm. wide, long-acuminate, at the base acute, thick, glabrous;

panicles thyrsoid, pedunculate, puberulent, narrow, 6-9 cm. long,

dense, many-flowered, the branches spreading or even reflexed, the

bracts minute; flowers sessile; calyx teeth minute and obscure; corolla'

5 mm. long, orange-yellow, glabrous; fruit didymous-globose, 4 mm.

long, nearly smooth.

Palicourea Buchtienii, sp. nov. — Ramuli subteretes graciles

dense hirtelli, vetustioribus ochraceis, internodiis brevibus vel elon-

gatis; stipulae ovatae, breviter connatae, 3-8 mm. longae, adpressae,

persistentes, ad medium vel brevius bifidae, dense pilosulae vel

glabratae, lobis linearibus attenuatis fere contiguis; folia opposita,

petiolo gracili 6-10 mm. longo dense pilosulo; lamina elliptico-

oblonga, 4-10.5 cm. longa, 1.5-3.8 cm. lata, longe angusteque acumi-

nata, rarius breviter acuminata, basi acuta vel abrupte contracta,

crasse papyracea, supra viridis, dense, minute et molliter puberula,

nervis inconspicuis, subtus pallidior, undique dense molliterque

318 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

puberula, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c.

12, gracilibus, prominentibus, angulo lato adscendentibus, prope mar-

ginem conjunctis, neryulis prominulis; inflorescentia 1-5 cm. longe

pedunculata, late paniculata, corymbiformis, 2-3.5 cm. longa, 3-5.5

cm. lata, dense multiflora, ramis divaricatis vel adscendentibus dense

hirtellis; bracteae lineari-attenuatae 3-6 mm. longae hirtellae; flores

conferti yel sparsi, sessiles vel 1-3 mm. longe pedicellati; hypanthium

late turbinatum fere 1 mm. longum dense hirtellum; calyx fere 1 mm.

longus hirtellus 5-lobus, lobis late triangularibus acutis; corolla

tubulosa 12 mm. longa extus sparse hirtella, tubo gracili basi obscure

ampliato, fauce 2 mm. lato, lobis triangularibus acutis 1 mm. longis;

antherae semiexsertae; fructus ovoideo-globosus hirtellus 4 mm.

longus calyce persistente coronatus. — Bolivia: Yungas, in 1890,

Miguel Bang 495 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 162,391, type; duplicates in

G, M, W). Hacienda Simaco, on the road to Tipuani, 1,400 m.,

Jan. 30, 192Q,Buchtien 5588 (W, B).

This plant has been reported from Bolivia by Rusby (Mem.

Torrey Club 33: 46. 1893) as Psychotria Marcgravii Spreng., but that

species is described as having a much longer corolla, besides differing

in other details.

Palicourea cornifolia, sp. nov. — Frutex 1-2-metralis, ramulis

gracilibus teretibus, vetustioribus laevibus vel inconspicue rimosis

ochraceis, novellis viridibus minutissime puberulis, internodiis ple-

rumque 2-3.5 cm. longis; stipulae persistentes virides breviter con-

natae ovatae, 3-4 mm. longae, sparse puberulae vel glabratae, apice

breviter bifidae, laciniis approximatis lanceolatis 1.5-2 mm. longis

acutis; folia opposita, petiolo gracili 5-9 mm. longo minute puberulo;

lamina subcoriacea, elliptica vel elliptico-oblonga, 5-6 cm. longa,

1.7-2.5 cm. lata, abrupte sensimve acuminata, acumine angusto

acutiusculo, basi acuta, supra luteo-viridis, glabra, costa prominente,

nervis non elevatis, subtus pallidior, praesertim ad nervos scaberula,

costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 10, gracilibus,

prominentibus, angulo lato adscendentibus, valde arcuatis, prope

marginem conjunctis; inflorescentia terminalis 2-4 cm. longe pedun-

culata, late cymoso-corymbosa, laxe multiflora, 4-6 cm. longa et

aequilata, basi trichotoma, interdum basi foliaceo-bracteata, ramis

angulo lato vel angusto adscendentibus, pallidis, puberulis, graci-

libus, floribus pedicellatis vel rarius sessilibus, pedicellis 2-4 mm.

longis puberulis, bracteis linearibus vel subulatis plerumque

2-7 mm. longis sparse puberulis; hypanthium obovoideum 1 mm.

longum minute puberulum; calyx 0.8-1 mm. longus minutis-

sime puberulus, lobis minutis ovato-triangularibus acutis vel sub-

obtusis; corolla lutea gracilis 14 mm. longa, extus sparse et minute

puberula vel fere glabra, tubo basi paullo ampliato, superne sensim

dilatato, ore 2.5 mm. lato, lobis triangulari-oblongis 2 mm. longis

acutiusculis; antherae semiexsertae. — Bolivia: Woods above Coroico,

alt. 1,800-2,100 m., February, 1866, Pearce (Herb. Kew., type;

photo, in herb. Field Mus.). In forest, Incachaca, Dept. Cocha-

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 319

bamba, 2,200 m., January, 1929, Steinbach 8907 (B); a shrub 1.5 m.

high, the inflorescence yellow, the corolla white; Steinbach 8908 (B).

Incachaca, 2,500 m., October, 1921, Steinbach 5807 (B) ; a shrub 1 m.

high.

A plant of distinctive appearance because of the small leaves and

pale, broad, laxly flowered inflorescence.

Palicourea crocea (Sw.) R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 193. 1819. Psycho-

tria crocea Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 44. 1788.

Ixiamas, Williams 270 (W). Widely distributed in tropical

America.

A nearly glabrous shrub or small tree; stipules 3-5 mm. long, the

lobes short, subulate; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic-oblong or ovate-

oblong, medium-sized, acuminate, at the base acute or obtuse;

panicles pedunculate or sessile, pyramidal, open, many-flowered, the

branches ascending or spreading, glabrous or puberulent, the bracts

minute; flowers slender-pedicellate; calyx lobes minute, ovate or

rounded; corolla red or orange, 8-12 mm. long, tubular, glabrous;

fruit 4-5 mm. long.

Palicourea exiguiflora, sp. nov. — Frutex 1-2-metralis, ramulis

gracilibus subteretibus glabris, internodiis 1.5-5.5 cm. longis; stipulae

persistentes virides in vaginam latam glabram truncatam 5-6 mm.

longam connatae, vagina in lacinias 4 approximatas erectas 6-7 mm.

longas semiovatas acutas desinente; folia opposita, petiolo 4-8 mm.

longo valido supra sulcato glabro; lamina oblongo-elliptica vel ovato-

oblonga, 7-12 cm. longa, 3-5 cm. lata, longiacuminata, acumine

angusto attenuato, basi abrupte contracta et acute decurrens, supra

viridis, ad nervos sparse et minute puberula vel fere glabra, nervis

prominulis, subtus pallidior, luteo-viridis, fere omnino glabra, costa

gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 9, angulo acuto

adscendentibus, gracilibus, prominentibus, arcuatis, in marginem

desinente, nervulis prominulis arete reticulatis; inflorescentia termi-

nalis 4.5 cm. longe pedunculata, thyrsoideo-paniculata, c. 8 cm. longa

et 5 cm. lata, basi trichotoma, pedunculo erecto sparse puberulo,

ramis curvo-adscendentibus vel divaricatis minute puberulis, flori-

bus dense congestis sessilibus, bracteis linearibus vel subulatis 3-6

mm. longis, filiformi-attenuatis, glabris; hypanthium 0.6 mm. longum

glabrum obovoideum; calyx 0.5 mm. longus glaber 5-fidus, laciniis

ovatis acutis; corolla ochroleuca, extus glabra, 4 mm. longa, tubo

crasso basi paullo ampliato, superne sensim dilatato, ore 1.5 mm.

lato, lobis oblpngo-triangularibus obtusis 1.2 mm. longis patentibus;

antherae semi-exsertae; stylus breviter exsertus. — Bolivia(?): Call-

can, alt. 2,400 m., November, 1864, Pearce (Herb. Kew., type;

photo, in herb. Field Mus.).

Palicourea fastigiata HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 368. 1820.

P. riparia Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 224. 1841.

320 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Near Cochabamba, Bang 1243 (F, G, M, W). Rio Palometillas,

Dept. Santa Cruz, 400 m., Steinbach 6752 (F). Widely distributed

in tropical America.

A nearly glabrous shrub or small tree; stipules less than 5 mm.

long, bifid, the lobes broad, obtuse or acute; leaves short-petiolate,

thin, medium-sized, elliptic-oblong to ovate-oblong, acuminate, at

the base usually acute, glabrous; inflorescence cymose-corymbose,

pedunculate, dense, many-flowered, the branches ascending or erect,

usually puberulent, the bracts minute; flowers slender-pedicellate;

calyx lobes minute, ovate or rounded; corolla tubular, 8-10 mm.

long, yellow, glabrous; fruit 4-5 mm. long, purple-black.

Palicourea flavifolia (Rusby), comb. nov. Psychotna flavifolia

Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 33: 48. 1893.

Yungas, Bang 346 (F, G, M, type collection), 579 (F, G, B, M).

Mapiri, 750 m., Rusby 1871 (G, M, W). Without locality, Bang

2861 (F, G, M, W). Sirupaya, in forests, 2,100 m., Buchtien 572

(W). Milluguaya, North Yungas, 1,300 m., Buchtien 764 (F, W).

Polo-Polo, 1,100 m., Buchtien 263 (F, G), 4737 (W); October, 1912,

Buchtien (F, M).

A shrub 2-3 m. high, nearly glabrous; stipules about 5 mm.

long, bilobate, the lobes triangular or lanceolate, obtuse or acute;

leaves short-petiolate, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, thick, yellowish

green when dried, 10-20 cm. long, acuminate, at the base acute;

panicles long-pedunculate, thyrsifprm, 7-14 cm. long, 5-7 cm. broad,

rather dense, the branches spreading or ascending, minutely puberu-

lent, the bracts minute; flowers pedicellate; calyx lobes very short,

rounded; corolla orange, 10-14 mm. long, stout, minutely puberu-

lent; fruit subglobose, 4 mm. long.

Palicourea glabrata Winkl. Repert. Sp. Nov. 8: 3. 1910.

San Antonio, near Mapiri, 850 m., Buchtien 1609 (F, W, type

collection; photo, of type, ex Herb. Berol., in F). Hacienda Simaco,

1,400 m., Buchtien 5590 (B, W), 5586 (W). San Carlos, Mapiri

region, 850 m., Buchtien 1481 (F, B), 1482 (B, W).

A shrub 3-4 m. high, the branches glabrous; stipule sheath 3

mm. long, truncate, the lobes narrowly triangular, acuminate, 2 mm.

long; leaves short-petiolate, thin, elliptic-oblong or ovate-oblong, the

largest 11-23 cm. long and 4.5-8.5 cm. wide, long-acuminate, at the

base acute, obscurely sericeous beneath along the nerves or glabrate;

panicles sessile or pedunculate, broadly pyramidal, many-flowered,

the branches spreading, glabrous or nearly so, the bracts minute;

flowers long-pedicellate; calyx lobes minute, rounded, acute or apicu-

late; corolla glabrous, about 1 cm. long, orange-yellow or red.

Palicourea lasiantha Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 40: 341. 1908.

Watsonamra sordidiflora Rusby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: 372. 1927.

Buenavista, Dept. Santa Cruz, 400 m., Steinbach 7521 (F, B, K,

M, S), 7358 (F, B, K, S). Chimate, Mapiri region, 500 m., Buchtien

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 321

1488 (F). San Buena Ventura, Williams 663 (F, K). Rurrenabaque

(San Buena Ventura), 300 m., in forest, Cardenas 1190 (Y, type of

Watsonamra sordidiflora; photo, in F). Also in Peru.

A nearly glabrous shrub 3-3.5 m. high; stipules 4-7 mm. long,

bifid, the lobes rounded; leaves short-petiolate, large, firm, oblong

to elliptic, short-acuminate, at the base acute to rounded, glabrous

or nearly so; panicles ovoid, large, pedunculate, open or dense, the

branches spreading or ascending; flowers pedicellate; calyx lobes

broadly ovate, acutish; corolla purple, 2 cm. long, densely lanate,

the lobes very short; fruit subglobose, 5-6 mm. long.

The reference of this well-marked species of Palicourea to the

genus Pentagonia (of which Watsonamra is a synonym) is difficult

to understand, since the two groups are not similar in general

appearance, and certainly not in structural details.

Palicourea macrobotrys (R. & P.) R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 194.

1819. Psychotria macrobotrys R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 57. pi. 203, f. a.

1799. Palicourea Wilhamsii Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer. PL

142. 1920.

Type of P. Williamsii from San Buena Ventura, at 420 m.,

Williams 663. Buenavista, Dept. Santa Cruz, in forest, 450 m.,

Steinbach 7113 (F, M), 7481 (F, M), 5552 (F, B, Y). Rio Juntas,

2,000 m., April, 1892, Kuntze (F, W). Cochabamba, Bang 1204

(G, M, W). Mapiri, 750 m., Rusby 1880 (W). Antahuacana, 750

m., Buchtien 2286 (F, W). Rurrenabaque, 300 m., Rusby 1578 (W).

Buenavista, 500 m., Steinbach 5233 (Y). San Carlos, Mapiri region,

600 m., Buchtien 1456 (F). Ranging to Brazil and Colombia.

A shrub or small tree, sometimes 5 m. high, the slender terete

branches pubescent or glabrous; stipule sheath 4 mm. long or less,

truncate, the lobes subulate, about equaling the sheath; leaves short-

petiolate, thin, oblong to lance-oblong or ovate-oblong, large, long-

acuminate, at the base acute, usually finely pubescent beneath over

the whole surface; inflorescence sessile or pedunculate, thyrsoid, very

long and narrow, the branches short, the bracts linear, inconspicuous;

flowers pedicellate; calyx lobes minute, ovate, acute; corolla yellow

or reddish, about 1 cm. long, pubescent, tubular; fruit purple-black,

4-5 mm. long.

"Clavo rojo." Most of the Bolivian material has been referred

to P. nicotianaefolia C. & S. (Psychotria tabacifolia Muell. Arg.),

which probably is a synonym of P. macrobotrys.

Palicourea macrophylla (HBK.), comb. nov. Nonatelia macro-

phylla HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 423. 1820.

San Carlos, Mapiri region, 850 m., Buchtien 1510 (B). Also in

Peru, Venezuela, and British Guiana.

A shrub or tree, sometimes 8 m. high; stipules short, bilobate,

the lobes obtuse; leaves petiolate, thin, large, elliptic to oblong-

elliptic, acute or short-acuminate, mostly 20-30 cm. long, glabrous

322 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

above, minutely pubescent beneath ; panicles large, long-pedunculate,

thyrsoid or pyramidal, densely many-flowered; calyx lobes short,

broadly ovate, obtuse or acute; corolla pale yellow, about 1 cm.

long, densely puberulent-tomentulose; fruit of usually 5 pyrenes.

Palicourea malacophylla, sp.nov. — Ramuli graciles subteretes,

densissime pilis brevibus patentibus vel subreflexis fulvis villosulo-

tomentosi, internodiis elongatis; stipulae persistentes erectae lanceo-

lato-oblongae, basi breviter connatae, dense yillosulo-tomentosae,

apice breviter bifidae, laciniis lanceolatis; folia opposita, petiplo

crassiusculo 7-15 mm. longo densissime hispidulo-tomentoso; lamina

coriacea, oblongo-ovata vel lanceplato-oblonga, 4.5-8 cm. longa,

1.8-3.5 cm. lata, acuminata, acumine triangulari acuto, basi rotun-

data vel obtusa, supra luteo-viridis, dense pilis brevibus patentibus

lutescentibus mplliter hispidulo-pilosula, nervis prominulis, subtus

pallida, dense pilis patentibus gracilibus rigidis albidis hispidula,

costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utrpque latere c. 9, angulo

angusto adscendentibus, gracilibus, prominentibus, arcuatis, in

marginem desinentibus, nervulis prominentibus laxe reticulatis;

inflorescentia terminalis 3.5-5 cm. longe pedunculata, cymoso-corym-

bosa, dense multiflora, interdum congesta et capitiformis, 1-2 cm.

longa, 2-3.5 cm. lata, basi trichotoma, pedunculo gracili dense his-

pidulo-piloso, ramis brevibus crassis rigidis patentibus vel angulo

lato adscendentibus, dense hispidulis, floribus congestis sessilibus,

bracteis subulatis inconspicuis usque ad 2 mm. longis dense pilosis;

hypanthium obovoideum dense albido-pilosum 1-1.5 mm. Ipngum;

calyx 1.5-2 mm. longus, laciniis oblongis acutis dense breviterque

pilosis; corolla extus densissime albido-hirsutula, 8 mm. longa, in

alabastro apice rotundata, tubo crasso basi paullo ampliato, superne

sensim dilatato, ore 2.5 mm. lato, Ipbis brevibus ovatis obtusis;

antherae lineares semiexsertae. — Bolivia: Yungas, alt. 1,800 m., in

1885, H. H. Rusby 2115 (Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard., type; photo,

in herb. Field Mus.).

A clearly defined species, well marked by the dense pale pubes-

cence of all parts.

Palicourea mapirensis, sp. nov. — Frutex, ramulis gracilibus

teretibus glabris laevibus in siccp ad nodos constrictis, internodiis

valde elongatis; stipulae brevissime connatae erectae persistentes

glabrae fere ad basin bifidae, lobis late oblongis apice late obtusis

vel emarginatis; folia petiolata opposita, petiolo gracili 2-5 cm. longo;

lamina membranacea late elliptico-oblonga, oblongo-ovata vel rarius

oblongo-lanceolata, 19-38 cm. longa, 5.5-16.5 cm. lata, sensim acu-

minata vel interdum brevius abrupteque acuminata, basi acuta vel

obtusa, rarius versus basin angustata, interdum abrupte contracta

et breviter decurrens, glabra, supra viridis, costa venisque prominen-

tibus vel prominulis, subtus fere concolor, costa gracili valde elevata,

nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 18 angulo lato adscendentibus

vel subdivaricatis, gracilibus, prominentibus, fere rectis, prope mar-

ginem conjunctis, venulis inconspicuis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 323

terminalis thyrsoideo-paniculata ovoidea 7-14 cm. longe peduncu-

lata, dense vel laxe multiflora, 8-14 cm. longa et 9-11 cm. lata, ramis

crassiusculis subdivaricatis vel superioribus adscendentibus, minute

puberulis vel glabratis, bracteis minutis deciduis, cymulis fastigiato-

ramosis, pedicellis erectis validis plerumque 4-6 mm. longis minute

puberulis; hypanthium turbinatum glabrum 1 mm. longum, calyce

saepe disco breviore vix 1 mm. longo truncate vel obscure denticulate;

corolla lutea tubulosa c. 8 mm. longa extus minute flavo-pulverulacea,

tubo 2-2.5 mm. lato basi paullo incrassato, lobis brevibus; fructus

globoso-ovoideus 4-5 mm. longus glaber, pyrenis 2 dorso obtuse

5-costatis. — Bolivia: San Carlos, Mapiri region, alt. 600 m., Otto

Buchtien 1508 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 609,023, type); at 850 m.,

December, 1926, Buchtien 1509 (U. S. Nat. Herb.), 1510 (U. S. Nat.

Herb.), 1507 (U. S. Nat. Herb.).

This plant is a member of a group in which too many species

already have been described, but, if the others are recognized, this

one also must be distinguished. From P. guianensis Aubl. it differs

in its much smaller corolla; from P. obliqua Winkl., which it resembles

closely in general appearance, it is distinguished by the very different

pubescence investing the corolla.

Palicourea ovalifolia (Rusby), comb. nov. Psychotria ovalifolia

Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Card. 4: 371. 1907. Palicourea obliqua

Winkl. Repert. Sp. Nov. 8: 4. 1910.

Without locality, Bang 2014 in part (Y, type; photo, in F).

Chuquini, 900 m., Tate 1142 (Y). Charopampa, in forests, 570 m.,

Buchtien 1629 (F, W, type collection of P. obliqua). Yungas, April,

1892, Kuntze (W, determination doubtful). San Carlos, Mapiri

region, 850 m., Buchtien 1505 (F, B).

A shrub or tree 2-8 m. high, the branches glabrous; stipules

biparted, the lobes lanceolate, 6-10 mm. long, acuminate; leaves

opposite, short-petiolate, thin, elliptic-oblong, often oblique, acu-

minate, at the base acute or obtuse, up to 27 cm. long and 10 cm.

wide, sparsely pubescent beneath, especially on the nerves; panicles

pedunculate, ovoid-pyramidal, 10-14 cm. long, dense, many-flowered,

the branches spreading, hirtellous, the bracts subulate, inconspicu-

ous; flowers pedicellate; calyx lobes ovate- triangular, acute; corolla

densely tomentose, red, 10-12 mm. long, the lobes ovate, acute.

Palicourea papyracea Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Card. 4: 370.

1907. Psychotria rigida var. brevipes Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 6:

50. 1896.

Without locality, Bang 2014 (W, type collection). Mapiri, 1,500

m., Rusby 1864 (F, G, M, W). Tipuani to Guanai, Bang 1667 (F,

G, M, W, type collection of P. rigida var. brevipes). San Carlos,

Mapiri region, 850 m., Buchtien 1504 (B), 1514 (B, W), 1503 (B,

W), 1513 (B, W), 1512 (B).

Branches glabrous; stipule sheath short and broad, loose, shal-

lowly bilobate, the lobes rounded; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong to

324 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

ovate-elliptic, long-acuminate, at the base acute to nearly rounded,

firm, when young pilose beneath along the costa but soon glabrate;

inflorescence cymose-corymbose, long-pedunculate, dense, many-

flowered, the branches ascending, puberulent, the bracts minute;

flowers on stout pedicels; calyx subtruncate, the lobes obscure; corolla

about 2 cm. long, stout, furfuraceous-puberulent, the lobes short,

obtuse; fruit 5 mm. long.

Rusby 186 If. has been referred (Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 18:

109. 1891) to Psychotria brachyloba Muell. Arg.

Palicourea Pearcei, sp. nov. — Frutex 1-2-metralis, ramulis

gracilibus glabris teretibus, internodiis 2-3.5 cm. longis; stipulae

persistentes in yaginam truncatam glabram 1-1.5 mm. longam con-

natae, vagina in lacinias 4 oblongo-triangulares pbtusas 1 mm.

longas erectas desinente; folia opposita, petiolo crassiusculo 3-8 mm.

longo glabro supra late sulcato; lamina oblonga yel lanceolato-

oblonga, 6-11 cm. longa, 2-3.5 cm. lata, longiacuminata, acumine

angusto attenuate obtuso, basi acuta et saepe inaequalis, utrinque

glabra, supra viridis, nervis non elevatis, subtus pallidior, costa

gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 8, gracillimis,

angulo lato adscendentibus, valde arcuatis, prqminentibus, marginem

attingentibus, nervulis obscuris arete reticulatis; inflorescentia termi-

nalis vel pseudoaxillaris 8 cm. longe pedunculata, late pyramidalis,

c. 5 cm. longa et 5-6 cm. lata, laxissime pauciflora, pedunculo gracili

glabro, ramis basalibus oppositis angulo recto divergentibus graci-

libus glabris, floribus pedicellatis, pedicellis patentibus vel subre-

flexis glabris gracilibus 3-8 mm. longis, bracteis paucis subulatis 1-2

mm. longis inconspicuis glabris; hypanthium glabrum late cylin-

dricum 1 mm. longum; calyx glaber 0.5 mm. longus, brevissime 5-

lobus, lobis late ovatis obtusis; corolla lutea in alabastro obtusa, 6-7

mm. longa, glabra, basi subampliata, tubo intus supra basin densis-

sime luteo-barbato, lobis brevibus late oblongis obtusis; antherae

lineares 4 mm. longae; stylus glaber 6.5 mm. longus. — Bolivia:

Moro, alt. 1,200-1,500 m., January, 1866, Pearce (Herb. Kew., type;

photo, in herb. Field Mus.).

A species well marked by the form of the inflorescence, and not

closely related to any other with which I am familiar. Of the flowers

I have seen only the buds.

Palicourea punicea (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 4: 526. 1830. Psy-

chotria punicea R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 62. pi. 212, f. a. 1799.

Charopampa, in forest, 570 m., Buchtien 1624 (W), 1633 (W).

Rurrenabaque, 300 m., Rusby 784 (W, Y). Also in Peru.

A shrub 2-3 m. high, nearly glabrous; stipule sheath very short,

truncate, bearing a short subulate lobe on each side; leaves opposite,

short-petiolate, large, thin, ovate-elliptic to broadly elliptic, acu-

minate, at the base abruptly contracted and decurrent, when young

sparsely puberulent beneath but soon glabrate; inflorescence pedun-

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 325

culate, cymose-corymbose, dense, the branches stout, ascending,

puberulent, the bracts minute; calyx lobes short, rounded; corolla

glabrous or nearly so, stout, 1 cm. long.

The identification of the Bolivian specimens is somewhat doubt-

ful, but they agree fairly well with the Ruiz and Pavon illustration

and description.

Palicourea radicans, sp. nov. — Suffrutex decumbens vel pro-

cumbens, caulibus e nodis radices emittentibus, simplicibus vel

pauciramosis, ramis subteretibus fuscis laevibus glabris, internodiis

elongatis; stipulae in vaginam brevissimam truncatam c. 1 mm.

longam connatae, vagina in lobps 4 remotos lanceplatos acuminates

deciduous glabros ciliolatos desinente; folia opposita, petiolo gracili

glabrp 5-7 mm. longo; lamina oblongo-elliptica vel late obpvato-

ellipiica, membranacea, 9-11 cm. longa, 3.5-6 cm. lata, acuminata,

basi abrupte longiattenuata, glabra, supra obscure viridis, nervis

prominentibus, subtus fusca, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus

utroque latere 9-10, gracilibus, prominentibus, angulo lato adscen-

dentibus, arcuatis, prope marginem conjunctis; inflprescentia 4-7

cm. longe pedunculata fastigiato-cymosa, dense pauciflora, 3-4 cm.

longa et lata, basi interdum trichotoma, ramulis erectis glabris;

bracteae lanceolatp-lineares attenuatae 1-6 mm. longae glabrae;

flores conferti breviter pedicellati; hypanthium 1 mm. longum glab-

rum; calyx 1-1.5 mm. Ipngus profunde 5-lobus, lobis pvato-oblongis

obtusis vel acutis glabris; corolla tubuloso-infundibuliformis 8 mm.

longa extus glabra, tubo basi paullo ampliato superne dilatato, fauce

2.5 mm. lato, lobis 1-1.5 mm. longis cucullato-apiculatis. — Bolivia:

Rio Tapacani, Dept. Santa Cruz, March 10, 1926, Jose Steinbach

7507 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 573,387, type; duplicates in B and S),

7508 (F, B, K, S).

The species is noteworthy for its low habit, procumbent rooting

stems, and small, fastigiately branched inflorescence.

Palicourea rigida HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 370. 1820.

Buenavista, Dept. Santa Cruz, 500 m., Steinbach 6680 (F, M),

5046 (F, Y). Tumapasa, Williams 539 (W). Dept. Santa Cruz,

Steinbach 5014 (B). Widely distributed in South America.

A nearly glabrous shrub 1.5 m. high or often much less, the

branches very stout and corky-thickened; stipule lobes short, acumi-

nate; leaves subsessile, coriaceous, stiff, yellowish, elliptic to ovate or

pbovate, obtuse to short-acuminate, at the base rounded to acute;

inflorescence pedunculate, rounded-ovoid, dense, many-flowered,

minutely puberulent or glabrate, the branches purplish or green;

calyx lobes nearly obsolete; corolla yellow, furfuraceous-puberulent,

12-14 mm. long; fruit black, 5-6 mm. long, glabrous.

Called "reina." Steinbach reports that the root is employed in

local medicine as a powerful "blood-purifier."

326 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Palicourea stipularis Benth. PI. Hartw. 133. 1844. Psychotria

stipularis Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 33: 47. 1893.

Yungas, Bang 536 (B, G, M, W). Also in Ecuador.

A shrub or small tree, nearly glabrous; stipule sheath 4-6 mm.

long, the lobes linear, distant, usually shorter than the sheath;

leaves petiolate, elliptic-oblong or elliptic, 8-20 cm. long, short-

acuminate, sparsely pilose beneath on the nerves; panicles thyrsoid,

pedunculate, dense, many-flowered, equaling the leaves, the branches

short, ascending or spreading, glabrous or puberulent, the bracts

minute; flowers pedicellate; calyx lobes minute; corolla glabrous,

12-20 mm. long; fruit 5 mm. long.

The identification of the Bolivian collection is open to question.

Palicourea tenuis, sp. nov. — Ramuli gracillimi obtuse tetra-

goni, dense puberuli, in sicco fusci, internodiis brevibus; stipulae

connatae persistentes ovatae 3-4 mm. longae glabrae, fere ad medium

bifidae, laciniis lineari-lanceolatis attenuatis erectis; folia opposita,

petiolo gracili 3-8 mm. longo puberulo; lamina parva, subcoriacea,

lanceolato-oblonga vel anguste elliptico-oblonga, 3-3.8 cm. longa,

8-11 mm. lata, acuminata vel acuta, acumine obtuso, basi acuta,

supra viridis, scaberula, nervis inconspicuis, subtus pallidior, ad

nervos adpresso-pilosula, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus

utroque latere 6-7, gracilibus, prominulis, angulo lato adscendentibus,

marginem attingentibus, nervulis manifestos laxe reticulatis; inflores-

centia 2-3 cm. longe pedunculata fastigiato-cymosa, dense pauci-

flora, 1.5-2 cm. longa et lata, basi trichotoma, ramulis erectis

puberulis; bracteae lineares attenuatae 5-10 mm. longae, sparse

strigillosae vel glabratae; flores conferti sessiles vel brevissime pedi-

cellati; hypanthium turbinatum glabrum 1-1.5 mm. longum; calyx

profunde 5-lobus, laciniis linearibus 2-4 mm. longis inaequalibus

attenuatis glabris; corolla infundibuliformis extus glabra 1.5 cm.

longa, tubo basi yix ampliato, abrupte dilatato, fauce 5 mm. lato,

lobis ovatis obtusis 2-2.5 mm. longis. — Bolivia: Unduavi, alt. 3,200

m., OttoBuchtien 4390 (U. S. Nat. Herb., No. 1,175,954, type).

This plant, if it really is a Palicourea, represents a very well-

marked species, noteworthy for the remarkably small leaves, small

and slender-peduncled inflorescence, and large corolla.

Palicourea triphylla DC. Prodr. 4: 526. 1830. Psychotria

triphylla Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 65: 233. pi. 32. 1881. Pali-

courea mollis Winkl. Repert. Sp. Nov. 8: 4. 1910. Palicourea longipes

Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 8: 121. 1912. Psychotria olyphylla

Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer. PL 138. 1920.

Buenavista, Dept. Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 7216 (F), 3093

(F), 7482 (F, M). San Antonio, near Mapiri, 850 m., Buchtien 1612

(F, W, type collection of P. mollis}. Hacienda Simaco, 1,400 m.,

Buchtien 5597 (B, W). Tumapasa, Williams 558 (Y, type of P.

longipes, photo, in F; W); at 450 m., Cardenas 1977 (W, Y). San

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 327

Carlos, 750 m., Buchtien 1506 (B, W); at 850 m., Buchtien 1480

(B, W), 1479 (W). Ranging northward to Central America and

Trinidad.

A shrub 2-3 m. high, the branches terete, glabrous; stipule lobes

linear or lance-linear, 6 mm. long, ciliate; leaves ternate, short-

petiolate, oblong or obovate-oblong, long-acuminate, at the base

acute or obtuse, puberulent, especially beneath, or in age glabrate;

inflorescence long-pedunculate, the panicles narrow-pyramidal, dense,

many-flowered, densely short-pilose, the bracts lance-subulate;

flowers pedicellate; calyx teeth obtuse; corolla yellow or reddish

yellow, furfuraceous-puberulent, 12-15 mm. long.

The species is easily recognized by the ternate leaves. I have

not seen Rusby 2111 from Yungas, the type of Psychotria olyphylla,

but Williams 558, which Rusby cites as belonging to the same species

(although he had previously described it as Palicourea longipes),

is Palicourea, triphylla.

Palicourea verrucifera, sp. nov. — Frutex metralis, ramulis gra-

cilibus teretibus viridibus sparse et minute puberulis, internodiis

2.5-3.5 cm. longis; stipulae virides persistences 5-7 mm. longae,

basi breviter connatae, sparse puberulae, apice breviter bifidae,

laciniis linearibus acutis approximatis erectis; folia opposita, petiolo

gracili 4-9 mm. longo puberulo; lamina crasse membranacea, elliptica

vel oblongo-elliptica, 6-9 cm. longa, 2.5-3.5 cm. lata, acuminata,

acumine angusto obtuso, basi acuta, supra viridis, minute scaberula

vel ad costam prominentem breviter hispidula, nervis non elevatis,

subtus pallidior, puberula, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus

utroque latere c. 8, angulo lato adscendentibus, gracilibus, prominen-

tibus, arcuatis, in marginem desinentibus, nervulis vix prominulis

arete reticulatis; inflorescentia terminalis 2 cm. longe pedunculata

cymoso-corymbosa, 4 cm. longa, dense multiflora, basi trichotoma,

ramis gracilibus suberectis sparse puberulis pallidis, floribus ple-

rumque pedicellatis, pedicellis usque ad 4 mm. longis puberulis,

bracteis viridibus vel pallidis linearibus 2-4 mm. longis glabratis;

hypanthium obovoideum 1 mm. longum sparse puberulum vel gla-

bratum; calyx 2-2.5 mm. longus sparse puberulus vel glabratus,

laciniis 5 oblongis obtusis erectis; corolla pallide lutea extus sparse

puberula, in alabastro apice breviter et obtuse 5-corniculata, 9 mm.

longa, tubo anguste cylindrico 2 mm. crasso, basi paullo ampliato,

lobis ovalibus obtusis 1.5 mm. longis suberectis; stylus breviter

exsertus.— Bolivia (?) : Callcan, alt. 2,100-2,400 m., November, 1864,

Pearce (Herb. Kew., type; photo, in herb. Field Mus.).

Similar to P. corni/olia Standl., but differing in the scaberulous

upper leaf surface and in the much larger calyx.

50. RUDGEA Salisb.

Rudgea acuminata (R. & P.), comb. nov. Coffea acuminata

R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 64. pi. 214, f. b. 1799.

328 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Beni River, Rusby 2677 (G, Y). Also in Peru.

A glabrous shrub or small tree; leaves slender-petiolate, elliptic

to oblong, 8-15 cm. long, caudate-acuminate, at the base acute,

subcoriaceous; flowers subsessile, in small terminal few-flowered

pedunculate panicles; fruit oval, 2 cm. long.

The determination of the Bolivian collection is very uncertain,

but it agrees rather well with Ruiz and Pavon's illustration.

Rudgea amazonica Muell. Arg. Flora 59: 449. 1876.

Junction of the rivers Beni and Madre de Dios, Rusby 1890

(F, G, W). Mapiri, 1,500 m., Rusby 1891 (F, G, W); 750 m., Rusby

1876 (G, K, W, Y). Yungas de San Mateo, Dept. Santa Cruz,

2,800 m., Steinbach 8545 (F), 8541 (B, Y). Also in Brazil and Peru.

A glabrous shrub or small tree; stipules ovate, incised-laciniate;

leaves petiolate, oblong to elliptic, acuminate, 10-17 cm. long, at

the base acute, thick; flowers sessile, in terminal or axillary, pedun-

culate, many-flowered panicles shorter than the leaves; corolla 7-8

mm. long; fruit ellipsoid, 8-9 mm. long.

Rudgea Buchtienii, sp. nov. — Praeter inflorescentiam omnino

glabra, ramulis crassis obtuse tetragonis vel subteretibus ad nodos

incrassatis oliyaceis, internodiis elongatis; stipulae persistentes 4-5

mm. longae triangulares vel ovatae plus minusve incrassatae obtusae,

apice primq setulis paucis subulatis et incrassatis cito deciduis

onustae; folia breviter petiolata opposita, petiolo crasso 5-12 mm.

longo; lamina subcoriacea elliptico-oblonga usque ad late elliptica

vel ovato-elliptica, 10-16 cm. longa, 3-9 cm. lata, abrupte et longius-

cule acuminata, acumine angusto longe attenuate, basi obtusa vel

subrotundata, interdum abrupte contracta et breviter decurrens,

supra yiridis, sublucida, costa plana, venis prominulis, subtus pal-

lidior, in axillis costarum excavata, costa crassiuscula eleyata, nervis

lateralibus utroque latere c. 9 obliquis, angulo lato abeuntibus, graci-

libus, prominentibus, valde arcuatis, juxta marginem conjunctis,

nervulis prominulis arete reticulatis; inflorescentia terminalis c. 3 cm.

longe pedunculata thyrsoideo-paniculata dense multiflora, 3-4.5 cm.

longa et 4-4.5 cm. lata, ramis infimis verticillatis basi bracteatis,

superioribus quoque plerumque verticillatis, omnibus crassis paten-

tibus vel late adscendentibus angulatis minute puberulis vel fere

glabris apice trichotomis vel subumbellatis, bracteis minutis saepe

deciduis, floribus dense congestis arete sessilibus; hypanthium ut

calyx glabrum late obovoideum c. 0.7 mm. longum, calyce virides-

cente latissime campanulato saepe fere 2 mm. lato subtruncato vel

remote breviterque denticulate hypanthio aequilongo; corolla extus

glabra 3.5-4 mm. longa in alabastro apice obtusa, tubo brevi crasso-

que in fauce dense albo-barbato, lobis 5 anguste oblongis obtusis

patentibus tubo aequilongis; antherae breviter exsertae oblongae;

stylus breviter exsertus. — Bolivia: Sarampiuni, near San Carlos,

region of Mapiri, alt. 500 m., April 4, 1927, Otto Buchtien 1460

(Herb. Berol., type).

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 329

Rudgea ciliata (R. & P.) Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 755. 1825.

Coffea ciliata R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 65. pi. 216, /. a. 1799.

Rio Surutu, Dept. Santa Cruz, 400 m., Steinbach 7238 (F, B, K).

Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 7523 (F, B, K). Tumapasa, Williams

564 (W). San Miguel, Mapiri region, 900 m., Buchtien 1477 (B).

Bosques de Buena vista, Dept. Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 7314

(B). El Fraile, Dept. Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 2860 (B). Also

in Peru.

A glabrous shrub 3-4 m. high; stipules subulate, ciliate; leaves

slender-petiolate, oblong to oval, 7-16 cm. long, acuminate, at the

base acute, rather thin, paler beneath; flowers sessile or short-pedi-

cellate, in small terminal panicles; calyx teeth 4-5, minute, subulate;

corolla 7 mm. long, white, the throat villous, the lobes oblong,

recurved, nearly equaling the tube; stamens exserted; fruit globose,

red, 5-6 mm. broad.

Steinbach reports the vernacular name as "sauco del monte."

Rudgea fimbriata (Benth.) Standl. in Standl. & Calderon,

Lista PL Salv. 274. 1925. Psychotria fimbriata Benth. in Hook.

Journ. Bot. 3: 226. 1841. R. micrantha Muell. Arg. Flora 59: 454.

1876.

Junction of the rivers Beni and Madre de Dios, Rusby 1874

(F, M, W). Ranging to the Guianas and Central America.

A glabrous shrub; stipules triangular-ovate, incised-laciniate;

leaves subsessile, broadly elliptic to elliptic-oblong, 8-15 cm. long,

acuminate, at the base obtuse; flowers sessile, cymose-paniculate,

the panicles small, broad, many-flowered; calyx obscurely 5-dentate;

corolla 5-7 mm. long, the lobes longer than the tube; fruit ellipsoid,

5-8 mm. long.

The collection cited was distributed asFaramea montemdensis DC.

Rudgea tomentosa Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 33: 48. 1893.

Psychotria viburnifolia Rusby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: 378. 1927.

Yungas, Bang 367 (F, G, M, W, type collection) ; alt. 1,200 m.,

Rusby 1888 (F, G, W). Rurrenabaque, 300 m., Cardenas 1891 (Y,

type of P. viburmfolia; photo, in F).

A shrub; stipules pectinate-laciniate; leaves short-petiolate,

oblong to ovate or oblong-elliptic, 10-20 cm. long, short-acuminate,

at the base acute, finely soft-pubescent beneath; flowers sessile, in

small terminal pedunculate pubescent panicles; calyx teeth tri-

angular, acute; corolla 7 mm. long, sparsely pilose, the lobes shorter

than the tube.

Some of the specimens were distributed as R. Hostmanniana

Benth.

Rudgea viburnoides (Cham.) Benth. Linnaea 23: 458. 1850.

Coffea viburnoides Cham. Linnaea 9: 228. 1834.

Velasco, July, 1892, Kuntze (W). Also in Brazil.

330 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

A shrub 1.5-2.5 m. high; stipules rounded-triangular, acutish,

aculeolate-ciliate; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-elliptic, 7-12 cm.

long, 3-6 cm. wide, acute, at the base acutish, densely rough- tomen-

tellous beneath; flowers in terminal pedunculate panicles, sessile;

calyx lobes ovate, acuminate; corolla 10 mm. long, the 5 lobes twice

as long as the tube; fruit ellipsoid, 9-12 mm. long.

In Brazil the plant is said to be employed as a remedy for syphilis.

51. PAEDERIA L.

Paederia diffusa (Britton), comb. nov. Lygodisodea foetida

R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 48! pi. 188. 1799, non P. foetida L. 1767. Man-

ettia diffusa Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 18: 107. 1891. Poederiopsis

(sic!) diffusa Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 373. 1907.

Type from Guanai, at 600 m., Rusby 2121. Without locality,

Bang 2216 (F, W). Also in Peru.

A large, slender, ill-scented, suffrutescent, nearly glabrous vine;

leaves long-petiolate, ovate, acuminate, usually cordate at the base;

flowers in lax axillary panicles; calyx 5-lobed; corolla deep purple,

6-8 mm. long; fruit compressed, of 2 flat thin carpels 10-13 mm.

long.

Although Paederiopsis is recognized as a distinct genus by

Wernham, the characters supposed to distinguish it from Paederia

prove to be inconstant, and it seems best to refer the plant to the

genus Paederia, in which it was placed properly enough by its dis-

coverers. It agrees very closely in general appearance and even in

structural details with some of the well-known Old World species.

52. NERTERA Banks & Soland.

Nertera depressa Banks & .Soland. ex Gaertn. Fruct. 1 : 124.

pi. 26. 1788.

Yungas, Bang 700 (F). Cocopunco, 3,000 m., Tate 380 (Y).

Widely distributed in the mountains of South and Central America.

A slender creeping herb, often forming dense close mats over

logs and open banks, the leaves small, the flowers minute, white;

fruits fleshy, bright red.

When growing, the plant reminds one strongly of the partridge-

berry (Mitchella repens] of the United States.

53. CORYNULA Hook. f.

Corynula pilosa (Benth.) Hook. f. in Hook. Icon. 12: 22. pi.

1123. 1876. Mitchella pilosa Benth. PI. Hartw. 194. 1845.

On mossy banks in open forest, Incachaca-Chusi, Dept. Cocha-

bamba, 2,300 m., Steinbach 9154 (B). Also in the mountains of

Peru and Ecuador.

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 331

A creeping herb, similar in appearance to Nertera, the stems

pilose; leaves slender-petiolate, the blades ovate or rounded-ovate,

6-12 mm. long, acute or acutish, hispidulous beneath ; flowers axillary,

solitary, slender-pedicellate, 4-5-parted; calyx lobes linear; corolla

8 mm. long, narrowly funnelform, glabrous in the throat; stamens

exserted.

54. MITRACARPUS Zucc.

Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC. Prodr. 4: 572. 1830. Spermacoce

hirta L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 148. 1762. M. simplex Rusby, Mem. N. Y.

Bot. Card. 7: 381. 1927.

Without locality, Bang 2865 (F, M, W). Without locality,

Mulford Expedition 1993 A (Y, type of M. simplex; photo, in F).

Cochabamba, Bang 945 (F, M, W). Moist places, Urubio, Dept.

Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 7122 (F, M). Buena vista, Dept.

Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 5098 (F, B, Y), 936 (B). Milluguaya,

North Yungas, 1,300 m., Buchtien 4392 (W), 4142 (W). Polo-Polo,

North Yungas, 1,100 m., Buchtien 3735 (W). Hacienda Simaco,

1,400 m., Buchtien 5581 (W). Near Sorata, 2,600 m., Mandon 340

(S), 339 (S). Hacienda Casana, Tipuani Valley, 1,400 m., Buchtien

7508 (F, B). Widely distributed in tropical America.

An erect, usually branched, pubescent annual; leaves lanceolate

to oblong-ovate, acute; corolla white, not exceeding the calyx lobes.

Mitracarpus megapotamicus (Spreng.), comb. nov. Sper-

macoce megapotamicus Spreng. Syst. Veg. 4: Cur. Post. 40. 1827.

Mitracarpus Selloanus C. & S. Linnaea 3: 361. 1828.

Cochabamba, March, 1892, Kuntze (W). Reported by Schumann

(in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 81. 1888) from Bolivia, Bridges 155, 156,

338. Also in Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina.

A perennial herb, the stems villous or tomentose; leaves linear-

lanceolate or lance-oblong, scabrous; corolla longer than the calyx.

55. STAELIA C. & S.

Staelia filifolia Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 4: 209. 1895.

Bolivian plateau, Bang 937 (F, M, W, type collection). Quebrada

Blanca, Misiones Guarayos-Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Dept. Santa

Cruz, 250-300 m., Werdermann 2605 (B). Sandy barrancas, Buena-

vista, Dept. Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 6940 (F).

A low suffrutescent perennial; leaves linear, scaberulous; flowers

white, sessile and densely clustered in the upper leaf axils.

56. RICHARDIA L.

Richardia brasiliensis Gomez, Mem. Ipecac. 31. pi. 2. 1802.

Yungas, 1,800 m., Rusby 1969 (F). Without locality, Bang 1794

(F, W). Cochabamba, Bang 885 (F, W). Bolivian plateau, Bang

944 (F, W). Sirupaya, South Yungas, 2,100 m., Buchtien 558 (W).

Widely distributed as a weed in South America.

332 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

A pilose or hispid, usually prostrate annual with oblong to

elliptic, petioled leaves; flowers white, in dense terminal clusters;

corolla 4-6 mm. long; fruit of 3 carpels, these keeled on the inner

face.

Some of the Bolivian specimens have been referred to R. scabra L.

Richardia coldenioides Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 4: 208. 1895.

Cochabamba, Bang 949 (F, G, L, M, W, type collection). Lomas

del Rio Cuchi, Dept. Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 7308 (F). La

Paz, 4,100 m., Buchtien 927 (W).

A low dense perennial, densely hispid; leaves lanceolate or linear-

lanceolate, sessile, 0.5-2 cm. long; corolla 4 mm. long; carpels usually

3, hispidulous, smooth.

Richardia cruciata Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 6: 51. 1896.

Mount Tunari, Bang 1034 (F, W, type collection).

A small perennial, the stems 1-7 cm. long, hispid; leaves nearly

sessile, elliptic-ovate, 1-1.5 cm. long; corolla 5-6 mm. long; carpels 4,

smooth.

Richardia grandiflora (C. & S.) Steud. Nom. Bot. 459. 1840.

Richardsonia grandiflora C. & S. Linnaea 3: 351. 1828.

Velasco, 200 m., Kuntze (F, W). Buenavista, Dept. Santa Cruz,

450 m., Steinbach 6987 (F). Also in Brazil.

A usually prostrate annual, hispid; leaves lanceolate or linear-

lanceolate; flowers in dense bracted clusters; corolla lavender, 10-13

mm. long; carpels usually 3, densely tuberculate.

57. DIODIA L.

Diodia hyssopifolia (Willd.) C. & S. Linnaea 3: 350. 1828.

Spermacoce hyssopifolia Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 3: 532. 1819.

Buenavista, Dept. Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 961 (B). Rang-

ing to Brazil and Colombia.

An erect perennial herb; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 2-6 cm.

long, acuminate, plane, glabrous; flowers sessile in the leaf axils; fruit

ellipsoid, puberulent at the apex or glabrate, nearly smooth.

Diodia Kuntzei Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 15. 1888.

Reyes, near water, 300 m., Rusby 1338 (W). Also in Paraguay.

A small perennial herb; leaves linear-lanceolate, glabrous; setae

of the stipules long-ciliate; flowers white, axillary; sepals 2.

Diodia rogaguana Rusby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: 380. 1927.

Type from pampas near Lake Rogagua, Rusby 1723 A. Buena-

vista, Dept. Santa Cruz, in wet fields, 500 m., Steinbach 5110 (F, B).

Leaves lanceolate to oblanceplate, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, 5-12 mm.

wide, obtuse or acutish, gray-hispid; flowers axillary, sessile, the

clusters several- or many-flowered; corolla white.

•••

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 333

58. HEMIDIODIA Schum.

Hemidiodia ocimifolia (Willd.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66:

29. 1888. Spermacoce ocimifolia Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 3:

530. 1818.

In thin forest, Buena vista, Dept. Santa Cruz, 500 m., Steinbach

5128 (F, Y). San Carlos, 750 m., Buchtien 1639 (W). Hacienda

Simaco, 1,400 m., Buchtien 5584 (B, W). San Carlos, Mapiri region,

850 m., Buchtien 1436 (W). Hacienda Casana, Tipuani Valley,

1,400 m., Buchtien 7510 (B, W). Widely distributed in tropical

America.

A coarse perennial herb ; leaves lanceolate, long-acuminate, long-

attenuate at the base, puberulent or glabrate; flowers small, white,

sessile, in dense axillary clusters.

59. EMMEORRHIZA Pohl

Emmeorrhiza umbellata (Spreng.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras.

66: 408. 1889. Borreria umbellata Spreng. Neue Entd. 2: 144. 1821.

Without locality, 2,000 m., April, 1892, Kuntze (F). Guanai

to Tipuani, Bang 1467 (F). Extending to Brazil and Colombia.

A suffrutescent vine, densely pubescent to nearly glabrous; flowers

small, white, in panicled umbels.

60. SPERMACOCE L.

Spermacoce glabra Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 82. 1803.

Reported (Fries, Arkiv Bot. 611: 10. 1907) from Gran Chaco,

Fortin Crevaux, Fries 1644, 1649. Widely distributed in tropical

America.

Plants annual, glabrous; leaves lanceolate to elliptic; flowers very

small, white, sessile and clustered in the leaf axils; fruit glabrous.

Spermacoce tenuior L. Sp. PI. 102. 1753.

Yungas, Bang 376 (F, M, W). Milluguaya, North Yungas, 1,300

m., along roadsides, Buchtien 4071 (F, B). Cotafia, 2,450 m., Buchtien

3269 (W). Polo-Polo, North Yungas, 1,100 m., Buchtien 4734 (W).

Hacienda Anacuri, North Yungas, Holway 724 (W). Near Sorata,

2,600 m., Mandon 336 (S, B, Y). Widely distributed in tropical

America.

An erect, nearly glabrous annual with lanceolate leaves and small

white axillary flowers; fruit pubescent.

61. BORRERIA Mey.

Borreria Brownii (Rusby), comb. nov. Spermacoce Brownii

Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 4: 208. 1895. B. staurochlamys R. E.

Fries, Arkiv Bot. 611: 9. pi. 2. 1907.

Yungas, Bang 473 (F, G, M, type collection). Buenavista, Dept.

Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 6983 (F, M). Sirupaya, South Yungas,

334 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

1,900 m., Buchtien 559 (W). Polo-Polo, North Yungas, 1,100 m.,

Buchtien 3919 (W). Type of B. staurochlamys from Gran Chaco,

Tatarenda, Fries 1387.

An erect annual; leaves lance-oblong, acuminate, pilose beneath;

flowers white, in dense terminal clusters; calyx lobes ovate or oval,

obtuse, densely ciliate.

Borreria capitata (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 4 : 545. 1830. Spermacoce

capitata R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 1: 61. pi. 91, f. b. 1798. S. ferruginea

St. Hil. PL Us. Bre's. pi. 13. 1824. B. ferruginea DC. Prodr. 4: 547.

1830. B. nectarifera Rusby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card. 7: 381. 1927.

Without locality, Bridges (K). Polo-Polo, North Yungas, 1,100

m., Buchtien 218 (F) ; October, 1912, Buchtien (M). Guanai, 600 m.,

Rusby 1401 (B, M). Sirupaya, South Yungas, 2,200 m., Buchtien

549 (W). Yungas, Bang 397 (F, M). Guanai to Tipuani, Bang 1341

(F, M). Pampas near Lake Rogagua, 300 m., growing in water,

Rusby 1659 (Y, type of B. nectarifera). Widely distributed in South

America.

An erect perennial herb, densely pubescent; leaves linear to lanceo-

late, sessile or nearly so; flowers white, in dense, terminal and axillary

heads; calyx lobes 4; fruit puberulent at the apex.

In Brazil, where this species is called "poaya" and "poaya do

campo," it is reported to be used like ipecac.

Borreria corymbosa (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 4: 550. 1830. Sper-

macoce corymbosa R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 1: 60. pi. 91, f. a. 1798.

Buena vista, Dept. Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 7034 (F, M),

5063 (F, Y). Milluguaya, North Yungas, 1,300 m., Buchtien 765

(F, W). Santa Cruz, 340-400 m., June, 1892, Kuntze (W). Reyes,

450 m., Rusby 2107 (W, B).

Plants woody or suffrutescent, glabrous; leaves linear to lanceo-

late; inflorescence corymbose; corolla white, glabrous outside.

Borreria densiflora DC., var. perennis, var. nov. — Herba

perennis multicaulis, caulibus e radice lignosa erectis simplicibus vel

versus apicem pauciramosis; ceteris formae typicae omnino similis.—

Bolivia: Villamontes, in 1923, K. Pflanz 2077 (U. S. Nat. Herb.

1,234,336, type).

The typical form of the species is a branched annual herb with a

long taproot.

Borreria eryngioides C. & S. Linnaea 3: 316. 1828.

Reported (Fries, Arkiv Bot. 611: 9. 1907) from Tatarenda, Chaco,

Fries 1369. Also in Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina.

Plants annual or perennial, the older stems glabrous, white-

striate along the angles; leaves oval to lanceolate or almost linear,

1.5-3 cm. long, glabrous, retrorse-scabrous on the margins; inflores-

cences terminal and capitate and also axillary and unilateral; calyx

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 335

lobes triangular, acute or acuminate; hypanthium pilose above;

corolla 1-1.5 mm. long, the lobes twice as long as the tube; fruit

2.5 mm. long.

This species is closely related to B. ocimoides, and it may well

be that the Bolivian material belongs rather to that species.

Borreria exigua S. Moore, Med. Rijks Herb. 46: 26. 1922.

Type from Cuesta de los Monos, Herzog 1896a.

Plant 5 cm. high, branched from the base; leaves linear, 3-4 mm.

long, glabrous; flowers in dense, axillary and terminal heads; calyx

lobes 2, subulate; corolla 5 mm. long.

Borreria Herzogii S. Moore, Med. Rijks Herb. 46: 26. 1922.

Type from Tres Cruces, alt. 1,500 m., Herzog 1572.

Stems erect, pubescent; leaves linear-lanceolate, 1-nerved,

scaberulous; flowers in dense axillary clusters; calyx lobes 2; corolla

short-hispidulous outside, 5 mm. long; stigma bilobate.

Borreria laevis (Lam.) Griseb. Goett. Abh. 7: 231. 1857. Sper-

macoce laevis Lam. 111. 1: 273. 1791.

Polo-Polo, North Yungas, 1,100 m.,Buchtien 217 (F), 5705 (W);

October, 1912, Buchtien (M). Charppampa, 570 m., Buchtien 1637

(W). Antahuacana, 750 m., Buchtien 2289 (F, W). Milluguaya,

North Yungas, 1,300 m., Buchtien 4727 (W). Mapiri, 600 m., Rusby

1857 (M). Widely distributed in tropical America.

An annual; leaves oblong-lanceolate to ovate, more or less pilose

beneath; flowers in dense, terminal and axillary clusters; calyx lobes

4, triangular, acute, glabrate.

Borreria latifolia (Aubl.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 61.

1888. Spermacoce latifolia Aubl. PI. Guian. 55. pi. 19, f. 1. 1775.

Buenavista, Dept. Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 958 (B). Charo-

pampa, Mapiri, along roadsides, 570 m., Buchtien 1634 (F). Yungas,

Bang 376 (F). Mapiri, 1,500 m., Rusby 1938 (W), 1942 (W). Haci-

enda Simaco, 1,400 m., Buchtien 5582 (W). Milluguaya, North

Yungas, 1,300 m., Buchtien 4430 (B, W). Hacienda Casana, Tipuani

Valley, 1,400 m., Buchtien 7509 (F, B). San Carlos, region of Mapiri,

850 m., Buchtien 1401 (B). Widely distributed in tropical America.

An annual or perennial herb, yellowish green when dried, the

stems narrowly winged above, nearly glabrous; leaves broadly elliptic,

acute, conspicuously nerved; flowers white, in dense axillary clusters.

Borreria ocimoides (Burm.) DC. Prodr. 4: 544. 1830. Sper-

macoce ocimoides Burm. Fl. Ind. 34. pi. 13, f. 1. 1768. S. cephalo-

phora Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 374. 1907.

Buenavista, Dept. Santa Cruz, 450 m., Steinbach 6972 (F). San

Carlos, Mapiri, 750 m., Buchtien 1635 (F). Charopampa, 570 m.,

Buchtien 1638 (F, W, Y). San Carlos, 750 m., Buchtien 1636 (W).

Antahuacana, 750 m., Buchtien 2290 (W). Hacienda Simaco, 1,400

336 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

m., Buchtien 5583 (W). Without locality, Bang 2862 (W, type collec-

tion of S. cephalophora). Mapiri, 1,500 m., Rusby 1939 (W). San

Carlos, Mapiri region, 850 m., Buchtien 1414- (B, W), 1415 (B, W),

1434 (B). Rio Chapare^Mamore", Dept. El Beni, 250 m., Werder-

mann 2196 (B). Polo-Polo, near Coroico, North Yungas, 1,100 m.,

Buchtien 4100 (B). Charopampa, near Mapiri, 570 m., Buchtien

1640 (B). Buenavista, Dept. Santa Cruz, 500 m., Steinbach 925 (B).

Generally distributed as a weed in tropical America, and in Africa

and Asia.

A slender, branched, nearly or quite glabrous annual; flowers

white, densely clustered in the leaf axils, the clusters very small.

Borreria suaveolens Mey. Prim. Fl. Esseq. 81. pi. 1. 1818.

Spermacoce tenella HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 345. 1819. B. tenella

C. & S. Linnaea 3: 317. 1828.

Velasco, 200 m., July, 1892, Kuntze (F). Buenavista, Dept.

Santa Cruz, 500 m., Steinbach 5070 (F, B, Y), 5063 (B), 6966 (F).

Temperate region at 2,500 m., Mandon 338 (G, S, Y). Tierra negra,

Buenavista, 450 m., Steinbach 959 (B). Incachaca, Dept. Cocha-

bamba, 2,300 m., Steinbach 9473 (B). Widely distributed in tropical

America.

A nearly glabrous, usually erect perennial, often suffrutescent;

leaves linear or lanceolate; flowers white, in dense, chiefly terminal

heads; calyx lobes 4.

62. RELBUNIUM Hook. f.

Relbunium alpicola Schum. & Fries, Nova Act. Soc. Sci.

UpsalalV. I1: 191. 1905.

Type from Cuesta de Zama, near Tarija, alt. 4,000-4,500 m.,

growing in clefts of rocks, Fries 1018.

Plants 5 cm. high, the stems hirtellous; leaves lanceolate, acutish,

rigid, glabrous but long-ciliate; peduncles shorter than the leaves;

ovary very finely puberulent.

Relbunium ciliatum (R. & P.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot.

2: 62. 1881. Galium ciliatum R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 1: 59. 1798. R.

compactum Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 33: 49. 1893.

Talca Chugiaguillo, Bang 801 (F). Without locality, Bang 2019

(F, G, W), 2020 (F, M, W). La Paz, 3,800 m., March, 1913, Buchtien

(F, M, W); Pennell 14224 (F) ; Buchtien 539 (F). Isla de la Lima,

Lake Titicaca, 3,840 m., Buchtien 2994 (F, W). La Paz, 3,000 m.,

Bang 35 (M, W); Rusby 1837 (W) ; Buchtien 3993 (W), 4730 (W),

3994 (W), 52 (W); Claude-Joseph 1119 (W). Oruro, 3,900 m.,

Asplund 5760 (W), 5761 (W). Without locality, Bang 2864 in part

(M). La Merced bei Bermejo, 1,700 m., Fiebrig 3387 (B). Southern

side of Tunari, Dept. Cochabamba, 3,500 m., Steinbach 9774 in part

(B). Ranging northward to Colombia.

Plants low, the stems glabrous; leaves linear to lance-oblong,

acute, glabrous, usually ciliate; fruit glabrous.

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 337

Some of the Bolivian specimens have been referred to R. pusillum

(Endl.) Schum. and R. microphyllum (Gray) Hemsl. R. compactum

is a form with eciliate leaves. This form ranges as widely as typical

R. ciliatum, and it is perhaps worthy of varietal rank, although eveiy

gradation between the two forms may be found.

Relbunium croceum (R. & P.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66:

116. 1888. Galium croceum R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 1: 59. 1798.

La Paz, 3,750 m., Buchtien 539 (F). Base of Mount Ilimani,

2,360 m., Julio 1 07 (W). Also in Peru.

Plants usually low, the stems scaberulous or puberulent; leaves

linear or lanceolate, acute, ciliate, glabrous above, hirtellous beneath;

pedicels equaling or shorter than the leaves; fruit red, glabrous.

Relbunium diffusum (Pohl) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66:

111. 1888. Rubia diffusa Pohl ex DC. Prodr. 4: 592. 1830. Rel-

bunium Bangii Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 374. 1907.

Yungas, Bang 518 (F, M, W), 269 (F, W). Coripati, Yungas,

Bang 2154 (F, type collection of R. Bangii). Polo-Polo, North

Yungas, 1,100 m., Buchtien 281 (F); October, 1912, Buchtien (F,

M). Sirupaya, South Yungas, 2,100 m., Buchtien 147 (F), 253 (W),

252 (W). Milluguaya, North Yungas, 1,300 m., Buchtien 766 (F).

Polo-Polo, North Yungas, 1,100 m., Buchtien 4728 (W). Locality

uncertain, Williams 276 (W). Mapiri, 1,500 m., Rusby 1830 (M).

Hacienda Casana, Tipuani Valley, 1,400 m., Buchtien 7511 (F). Also

in Peru and Brazil.

A large much-branched herb, the stems retrorse-hispidulous;

leaves mostly oval, obtuse or apiculate, 3-nerved, pilose and his-

pidulous; fruit glabrous, white.

Some of the specimens have been distributed as R. mucronatum

(R. & P.) H. & A. and R. vaillantioides (C. & S.) Schum.

Relbunium hirsutum (R. & P.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras.

66: 118. 1888. Galium hirsutum R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 1: 59. 1798.

Without locality, Bang 2864 (F, M in part); Mandon 126 (L),

328 (L). Unduavi, North Yungas, 3,200 m., Buchtien 670 (F),

3000 (F, W), 3001 (F, W), 2996 (W), 2998 (W). Talca Chugiaguillo,

Bang 801 in part (M). Unduavi, Rusby 1838 (W). Sorata, 3,000

m., Rusby 1826 (M, W) ; at 2,600 m., Mandon 326 (S). South side of

Tunari, Dept. Cochabamba, 3,500 m., Steinbach 9774 in part (B).

Toldos bei Bermejo, 2,100 m., on rocks, Fiebrig 3381 (B). Southern

Bolivia, Fiebrig 3378 (B). Altos de La Paz, 4,000 m., Seler 129 (B).

Ranging northward to Colombia.

Plants usually low, the stems short-hirsute; leaves lanceolate to

oblong-ovate, acute, short-hirsute; fruit glabrous.

Relbunium hypocarpium (L.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot.

2: 63. 1881. Vaillantia hypocarpia L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1307. 1759.

338 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VII

Milluguaya, North Yungas, 1,800 m.,Buchtien4101 (F). Hacienda

Simaco, 1,400 m., Buchtien 5600 (B, W). Isla del Sal, Yumani,

3,850 m., Buchtien 5762 (W). Coripati, Yungas, Bang 2154 in part

(M). Yungas, Bang 269 in part (M). Sorata, 2,600 m., Mandon

327 (L, S, Y). Incachaca, Cochabamba, 3,000 m., Steinbach 5007

(Y). Hacienda Casana, Tipuani Valley, Buchtien 7512 (B, F), 7513

(F). La Aduana, Dept. Cochabamba, 3,200 m., Steinbach 9582

(B, Y). Widely distributed in the mountains of tropical America.

A much-branched herb, often scandent; leaves mostly oval,

hirtellous or pilose on both surfaces; fruit orange-red, pilose.

Relbunium nitidum (HBK.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66:

114. 1888. Rubia nitida HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 339. pi. 280. 1819.

San Mateo, Dept. Santa Cruz, 3,300 m., Steinbach 8448 (B) . Near

La Paz, 3,000 m., Rusby 1834 (Y). La Aduana, Dept. Cochabamba,

3,000 m., Steinbach 9536 (B, Y). Also in Ecuador and Colombia.

Slender, much branched, procumbent or sometimes subscandent,

the stems reflexed-pilose or glabrate; leaves elliptic or obovate, acute

or obtuse, usually coriaceous, glabrous above, ciliate, beneath usually

hispidulous; fruit fleshy, glabrous, orange or red.

Relbunium tenuissiinum Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 40: 350.

1908.

Type collected near Tarija, Fiebrig 3384 (photo, of type, ex Herb.

Berol., in F).

Stems slender, elongate, glabrous; leaves linear-lanceolate,

mucronulate, glabrous; fruit glabrous.

Probably this is not distinguishable from R. ciliatum.

Relbunium vile (C. & S.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 116.

1888. Rubia vilis C. & S. Linnaea 3 : 230. 1828.

Reported (Fries, Arkiv Bot. 611: 11. 1907) from Tolomosa near

Tarija, Fries 1109. Also in Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina.

A perennial herb, the stems short or elongate, weak, often scan-

dent, retrorse-scabrous on the angles; leaves lanceolate to suboval,

8-15 mm. long, obtuse and short-acuminate, glabrous, aculeolate-

serrulate; peduncles often 3-flowered; ovary glabrous, fruit 1 mm.

long and 1.5 mm. wide.

63. GALIUM L.

Galium Aparine L. Sp. PI. 108. 1753.

Unduavi, North Yungas, 3,300 m., Buchtien 3003 (F, W). Titi-

caca, 3,840 m., Buchtien 4731 (W). La Paz, 3,800 m., Buchtien

4444 (W). Sorata, 2,600 m., Mandon 331 (S), 335 (S, Y). Reported

from Unduavi (Rusby 1829) and Ingenio del Oro at 3,000 m. (Rusby

1919) by Britton (Bull. Torrey Club 18: 262. 1891). Widely dis-

tributed in temperate and subtropical regions of both hemispheres.

Plants annual, retrorsely scabrous; leaves mostly in 6's, linear or

oblanceolate-linear, cuspidate; fruit uncinate-hispid.

THE RUBIACEAE OF BOLIVIA 339

Galium larecajense Wernham, Journ. Bot. 50: 244. 1912.

Type collected between Munaypata and Rio Challasuyo, near

Sorata, Prov. Larecaja, alt. 2,600-2,700 m., Mandon 339.

Stems sparsely uncinulate; leaves 1-nerved, lanceolate, acuminate,

the margins and costa uncinulate; fruit uncinate-hispid, usually

solitary.

Galium Mandoni Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 18: 263. 1891.

Sorata, 3,000 m., Rusby 1831 (M, W, type collection). Unduavi,

2,400 m., Rusby 1839 (W). Cotaiia, 2,450 m., Buchtien 3270 (F, W).

La Paz, 3,800 m., Buchtien 4445 (W); at 3,700 m., Pflanz 51 (B).

Sorata, Mandon 334 (L, S) . Britton reports also Mandon 333.

Stems retrorse-scabrous on the angles; leaves in 4's, linear-oblong,

acute, 5-10 mm. long, retrorse-scabrous on the margins and costa;

peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, puberulent; fruit glabrous, fleshy.

Galium obovatum HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 336. pi. 277. 1819.

Sorata, 2,400 m., Rusby 1832 (M, W). Unduavi, North Yungas,

3,200 m., Buchtien 3004 (F, W). Tunari, May, 1892, Kuntze (W).

Edge of forest, Incachaca, Dept. Cochabamba, 2,300 m., Steinbach

9450 (B). Incachaca-Chusi, Dept. Cochabamba, 2,300 m., Steinbach

9155 (B). Ranging to Colombia.

Stems slender, elongate, pilose or glabrate; leaves in 4's, obovate,

3-nerved, rounded at the apex and apiculate, sparsely pilose or gla-

brate; fruit dry, densely uncinate-hispid.

Galium plumosum Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 33: 49. 1893.

G. cochabambense Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 6: 52. 1896.

Cochabamba, Bang 760 (M, B, W, type collection of G. plumo-

sum); Bang 1145 (M, W, type collection of G. cochabambense); March

26, 1892, Kuntze (W); Holway 390 (W). Palca-La Paz, 3,650 m.,

Pflanz 452 (B).

Stems retrorse-hispid ; leaves 5-9 mm. long, oblong or linear-

oblong, acutish, 1-nerved or obscurely 3-nerved, retrorse-hispidulpus

on the margins; peduncles 2-3-flowered; fruit densely white-hairy,

the hairs long and straight.

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBAN*