“Omnes res creat sunt divine sapientie et potentix testes, divitie felicitatis

humans :—ex harum usu donitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapientia Domini ;

ex @conomid in conservatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia majestatis

elucet. Earum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper estimata ;

a veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doctis et barbaris semper

inimica fuit.””—Linnaus.

“ Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour

voir qu'elle est le chef-d’euvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor-

tent toutes ses opérations.””—Bruckner, Théorie du Systeme Animal, Leyden,

1767.

Obey our summons; from their deepest dells

The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild

And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs

That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme

And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed,

But scatter round ten thousand forms minute

Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock

Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too .

Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face

They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush

That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles,

Where peril waits the bold adyenturer’s tread,

The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne,

All, all to us unlock their secret stores

And pay their cheerful tribute.

J. Taytor, Norwich, 1818,

CONTENTS OF VOL, IV.

(EIGHTH SERIES.)

NUMBER 19.

Page

I. A Contribution towards a Knowledge of the Entozoa of British

Marine Fishes.—Part II. By Wrictram Nicott, M.A., D.Sc., Gatty

Marine Laboratory, University of St. Andrews. (Plate L) ......

II. Descriptions and Records of Bees—XXI. By T. D. A.

CocKERELL, University of Colorado ...........0:scceeeseenees 25

If. On new and rare Crustacea from Scottish Waters. By

Tuomas Scorrt, LL.D., F.L.S. (Plates II. & LII.).............. 3 |

IV. Some common Crinoid Names, and the Fixation of Nomen-

clature. By F. A. Baruer, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S. «1.2... 6. eee 37

V. Notes on Merlia normani, Kirkp. By R. Kirkparrick .... 42

VI. On a new Species and a new Subspecies of the Genus

Mad and a new Subspecies of the Genus Rhynchotragus. By

SR RPA EEHOOURMMEM, oie cys nce saccade scan cece said going rine? 48

VIL. Descriptions of new Genera and Species of New-Zealand

Coleoptera. By Major T. Brown, F.ES. .........6.-.-0 +e eee 51

New Book :—lowa Geological Survey. Vol. xviii. Annual Report

ee eee ee tees ca elles in's seas endedeeis ss 71

Dates of the Parts of C. H. C. Burmeister’s ‘Genera Insectorum,’

ST nics SUMMA EE AO Lene as tececdconvinangeceds 72

a NUMBER 20.

VIII. Rhynchotal Notes—XLVHI. By W. L. Distant...... 73

IX. New Land and Freshwater Shells from West Africa. By

H. B, Preston, F.Z.S. (PlateIV.) ........ eae ae 87

X. Four new Lamellicorn Coleoptera from the Oriental Region.

By GriDerr J, ARROW ...... 2 ccc secre sceeceeeneeeenneunenere

iy CONTENTS.

Page

XI. Notes on Voluta norrisit, V. piperita, V. sophia, and Descrip- i

tion of a new Species. By Epaar A. Suirn. (Plate V.)

XII. New African small Mammals in the British Museum Col-

lection. By OLDFIELD THOMAS .........scceesracsceeeucseess 98

XIII. A new Gibbon from Annam. By Otprie_p THomas..,. 112

XIV. Notes on the Forficularia—_XVII. On new Species, a new

Genus, and new Synonymy. By Matcotm Burr, D.Sc. F.E.S... 118

XV. On some new Species of Birds from Katanga, Congo Free

State. By S.A. Navn, MUA., BSc. iscsi eas. ses. ss ene 129

XVI. Descriptions of new Genera and Species of New-Zealand

Coleoptera. By Major T. Broun, F.ES. ...........00 + eeeeeee 130

aeblopics! Society <5... <6 sel sav eee eee CE kk eo) © sek 161—164

Burmeister’s ‘Genera quaedam Insectorum,’ by O. E. Janson ... . 164

NUMBER 21.

XVII. A Revision of the Australian Species of the Genus Scolia.

By Rowzann HE. 'Torngnr, £:2.5,, 0. ES. 560.552 .2 see ees «pag, toe

XVIII. Descriptions of some new Species of the Genus Delias

from North New uinea, recently collected by Mr.C. E. Pratt. By

Sir Grorce H. Kennick, F.Z.8. &c. (Plates VI.& VIL) ....a76

XIX. Descriptions of Three new Species of Rhopalocera from

North New éuinea. By G. T. BeTHuNE-Baxer, F.LS., F.ZS.

(Plate -VIT. figs. 4'& 5.)° snass wswescah'c cn = ae tee Se eee 183

XX. Descriptions of new Freshwater Fishes discovered by Mr.

G. L. Bates in South Cameroon. By G. A. Bouteneer, F.R.S... 186

XXI. Description of a new Lizard of the Genus Acanoliaes

from Syria. By G. A. Boutencer, F.ESS.:.... <>... 4e.=esueeee 188

XXII. Systematic Notes on Coleoptera of the Clavicorn Families.

Byerierer J, ARROW... ..si5ise ues be etne le ence 190

XXIII. Two new Mammals from N. Australia. By OLDFIELD

DAGMAR 7 op ue esses esncdsactapebes saeat sehr ey ss Se co 197

XXIV. Six new Species of Actus. By Guy Dotrman, B.A. .. 199

XXYV. A new Species of Presbytis, allied to P. rubicundus. By

Guy Dorian, B.A.

XXVI. Descriptions of new South-American Arctiane. By the

Hon. WALTER’ RoruscHiw, PhD... so. oo. es occ ee 205

XXVII. Note on the Genus Smithia, Maltzan. By Epear A.

Suairx, LS.0.

CONTENTS.

XXVIII. Notes on some South-American Mammals, with Descrip-

tions of new Species. By Otprietp THOMAS .....-....00..0055

XXIX. Remarks on the Species of the Genus Rheinardtius. By

PeGee MG, BILIG.5 Big OL Wen tacccccsccrvecerececes

XXX. Descriptions of apparently new Species and Subspecies of

Monkeys of the Genera Callicebus, Lagothrix, Papio, Pithecus, Cerco-

ithecus, Erythrocebus, and Presbytis. By D. G. Etsior, D.Sc.,

DAML ba UeUale s Lou dv aneCh ad ted didbdectnccerduewse

XXXI. Description of a new Species of Monkey of the Genus

Cercopithecus. By D. G. Exxiot, D.Sc., F.R.S.E., &e. ..........

XXXII. Descriptions of new Genera and Species of New-Zealand

Coleoptera. By Major T. Broun, F.E.S. ..........cceccceneees

XXXII. On new Species of Histeride and Notices of others.

8 SR Ey rt Se

Page

275

291

XXXIV. Descriptions of new Species of Monkeys of the Genera

Cercopithecus and Papio, By D. G. Exxiot, D.Se., F.R.S.E., &e. ..

XXXYV. A new Species of Fossa from Central Madagascar. By

304

ee a we ss WOR ua NCA V0 ae ye Ue ne 306

New! Books :—Catalogue of the Fresh-water Fishes of Africa in

the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. I. By G. A,

Bovu.tenGer, F.R.S.—A ‘Treatise on Zoology. Edited by Sir

Ray Lanxkester, K.C.B., M.D., LL.D., F.R.S. Part IX.

Vertebrata Craniata (First Fascicle ; Cyclostomes and Fishes).

Peete De COCDMIGE ERs, Votre ccrescryesnetecees 807, 308

NUMBER 22.

XXXVI. Descriptions and Records of Bees—XXII. ByT.D.A.

CocKERELL, University of Colorado ..... DURA dp Uae dsa net Awe 309

XXXVII. Description of a new Japanese Vole. By Matcoxm P.

WAMDERBON oo ere vvereepocesseuswerspenseevvesencnccvccens

‘a XXXVI. The Land Isopoda of Lundy Island. By Bruce F.

v UE RGn uhh is ote Ab sige db he She awd ots he des sp devaesees

XXXIX. Rhynchotal Notes.—No. XLIX. By W. L. Distant .

XL. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.—I. By Rowxranp EF.

317

319

320

Ry Mette WED, ort > ada scclewiundvaceiserceenerevece 338

vi CONTENTS.

Page

XLI. Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Syntomide,

Arctiade, Agaristide,and Noctuide. By Sir Groner F. Hampson,

ey. aR PS ee) erase EL wee es 344

XLII. Neotetracus sinensis, a new Insectivore of the Family

Evinaceide. By F.-L. Trovessart, C.M.Z.S., Professor at the

Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris .............06: 389

New Books :—Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalene in the British

Museum. Vol. VIII. Catalogue of the Noctwide. By Sir

Grorce F. Hampson, Bart.—lIllustrations of African Blood-

sucking Flies other than Mosquitoes and Tsetse-Flies. By

Ernest Epwarp AvstEn, Assistant in the Department of

Zoology, British Museum (Natural History) ............ 391, 392

NUMBER 25.

XLII. Descriptions and Records of Bees.—XXIII. By T. D. A.

CocKERELL, University of Colorado .......0.5 0065000545) = seen 893

XLIV. On the Colours of Horses, Zebras, and Tapirs. By R. I.

Pocock, F.LS., F.Z.8., Superintendent of the Zoological Society’s

GRO es aes ee is whe 08S oo Stele ahs SING ieee he ee 404

XLV. Description of a new Lycenid from Formosa. By Hamiz-

Ton. Dever, LS. dic. 4 55 ck os Hs one. bs abe oe ee Se 416

XLVI. On Simia sphina, Linneus. By D. G. Exxiot, D.Sc.,

Bf it abeg Ls 2 5 20s o's 5 ps a ie Sk ee duala es Pao ae ae oe 417

XLVII. On some new Plesiosauria from the Oxford Clay of

Peterborough. By C. W. AnpreEws, D.Sc., F.R.S., British Museum

(Nat. Fist.) 0. 0s.0 ve diewipnipet ed dates 6 oles poles eke er 418

XLVIII. Descriptions of Three new Fishes from Portuguese

Guineas. By G. A; Bourencer, F-RS. ..2......24<-2 see 429

XLIX. Descriptions of Four new Cyprinoid Fishes from High

Asia. By Dr. Ericn ZuGMmayer, of the Zoological Museum,

MACH, sss sat wisp sk seo heh ee cee e URE ow en 432

L. The Species of Three-spined Sticklebacks (Gastrosteus). By

Or Tame RAGAN, MOA. och 20%) celeb we eiclees come one een 435

LI. Descriptions of new Marine Fishes from Australia and the

Pacific. “By C. Tare Recan, MAS 0. ca vans an ee 438

LIT. Descriptions of Oriental Capside. By W. L. Disranr .... 440

LIL. On « Collection of Mammals from South Africa, By H.

LiSTER JAMESUN (. 05 eee cede sete ss peers si +> 1-9 455

LIV. Two new Species of Colobus from Central Africa, collected -

by Mr. R. Graver. By Guy DOLLMAN .....1...00seeenes ee 474

LY. Four new African Squirrels. By OLpF1ELD THoMAS...... 476

| ote AS See

> ow

y o .

CONTENTS, vii

. Page

7 LVI. On the Phylogeny of the Amphidiscophora, By R. Kink-

SE Avan veabavdiddedubsecddesbsrecsieecccnversercvevers 479

> Newe Book :—Memoirs of the Indian Museum. Vol. II. No. 2. An

Account of the Indian Cirripedia Pedunculata. Part I. Fam.

Lepadide (sensu stricto), Plates VL-VIL By N. Annan-

| ¢ DALS, D.Sc, ..c00cs. eo OE Or ee 484

NUMBER 24.

; LVII. Descriptions of Nine Species of Ennea and Five Helicoids,

| r all from South Africa. By James Cosmo Metvitt, M.A., D.Se.,

F.L.S., and Joun Henry Ponsonsy, F.Z.S. (Plate VIIL)...... 485

LVIII. Descriptions of Four new Frogs and a new Snake dis-

covered by Mr. H. Sauter in Formosa, By G, A. BouLenGer,

EE PENGR Awe ben ccigt n2UGGds nc poteberevscivecdsdrseucuese 492

LIX. Descriptions of Three new Frogs discovered by Dr. P.

Krefft in Usambara, German East Africa, By G. A. BouLencer,

ETDs) hie SMA CUST ue Vunede asielec¥t Crete env vetesnwt. 496

LX. Description of a new Characinid Fish from Mexico. By

I ME ge coin wik'y viv Meaais ater euedcs hase e 497

LXI. Descriptions of Four new Species of Land-Shells from

Natal and the Transvaal. By H. 3. Preston, F.Z.S............. 498

LXIU. A Collection of Mammals from Northern and Central

Mantchuria, By OLpFiELD THOMAS ............0cceereeeueees 500

LXIIL. On the Regular Hexactine Spicule of Hexactinellida.

rn ne APS Gob soe Sassen wanes eseentin's « 505

LXIV. Descriptions of Oriental Capside. By W.L. Distanr.. 509

LXV. On the Agriotype of Domestic Asses. By R. I. Pocock,

F.LS., F.Z.S., Superintendent of the Zoological Society's Gardens, , 523

LXVI. On the Fruit-Bats of the Genus Dobsonia. By Knup

Re | SR Pe, 528

LXVII. Diagnoses of new Mammals collected by Mr. H. C.

Robinson in the Islands of the Straits of Malacca. By OLpFreLp

ni de Bee CT, WU MOMGMBOM fy cn cd once vueacdcccvccesucees 534

LXVII. East African Forms of Arvicanthis abyssinicus. By

Mee Gs WROUGIITON. av. cco ccceactec A Se eee 536

LXIX. New Muride from British East Africa. By R. C,

i ee et eo oe ace cu seaececes 39

viii CONTENTS.

Page

LXXI. New Mammals from British East Africa, By Guy

SRS MER, SURG: ateirsaitan 14 shi wena in ian oe iiepe cas «As teRe 549

New Book:—Fische der Siid-See. Part VIII. By Dr. ALBERT

CUNT oc cca dao ke ec) nae - oaks § 62 beeen eee 553

BOGOR bse is ews ive ce Smee new eriieiew pe neers +) Seen 555

PLATES IN VOL. IV.

Pratr I. Entozoa of British marine fishes.

es c New and rare Crustacea from Scottish waters.

IV. New land and freshwater shells from West Africa.

V. Voluta irvine.

Vi. New species of Delias and Rhopalocera from New Guinea.

VILL. New species of Ennea and Helicoids from South Africa.

Anna May. Nat. Hist. 8.8 Vol NV. PLT

2.Green bith

——

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

[EIGHTH SERIES. ]

nsidi te fontes:

ae variata corallia trunco

. te 2 ae oe e rupibus, et a —

erte, Dew pelagi, et ~~» $> ylia succo.”

. . Parthenii Giannettasi, Eol. 1.

No. 19. JULY 1909.

I1.—A Contribution towards a Knowledge of the Entozoa

of British Marine Fishes —Part Il.* By Wuttiam

Nicott, M.A., D.Sc., Gatty Marine Laboratory, Univer-

sity of St. Andrews.

[Plate I.]

FOoLLowineG the lines already indicated in the first part of

this contribution, an attempt was made to obtain some of

the less common fishes from St. Andrews Bay. At the same

time several of the commoner species omitted from the first

part were examined, and it is with these chiefly that the

present paper deals. Altogether thirty species were examined ;

twelve of these were included in the first report, but several

additions have to be made to the list of their parasites.

The fish to which attention was chiefly directed were the

dragonet, gurnard, cod, catfish, and sprat. In each of the

* I have to thank the Government Grant Committee for enabling me

to continue this work, which was begun under the Carnegie Trust

Scheme.

Ann. & Mag, N, Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 1

2 Dr. W. Nicoll on the

first three eight different species of parasites were found, in

the catfish seven, and in the sprat six. Amongst what may

be considered as comparatively rare fish may be mentioned

Chimera monstrosa, Argentina sphyrena, and Mola mola ;

and for the opportunity of examining these I am indebted to

the kindness of Professor M‘Intosh.

About three-quarters (78 per cent.) of the total number

of fish examined were infected with internal parasites of one

kind or another, and of these by far the commonest were

Trematodes (67 per cent.) and Nematodes (65 per cent.).

Cestodes occurred only in 45 per cent., and the majority of

these were scolices. Adult tapeworms were found in only

6 per cent., namely, in the cod, turbot, halibut, and sunfish.

The rarity of adult tapeworms was noted in Part I., in which

only 8 per cent. of the fishes were infected with them. They

were found in Cottus scorpius, C. bubalis, Gadus eglefinus,

and Bothus maximus. From this it would appear that tape-

worms occur only in the relatively larger fish; and the reason

probably resolves itself into a matter of accommodation, the

intestine of the smaller fish not being of sufficient size to

contain the bulk of a full-grown tapeworm. Amongst the

above-mentioned fish the only ones of small size are Cottus

scorpius and (. bubalis, which are infected with Bothrio-

cephalus punctatus fairly frequently ; but the infection never

reaches the extent that is so commonly met with in the

turbot. In the smaller fish scolices are very prevalent, their

numbers often being counted by thousands. It is in the

Elasmobranchs that Cestodes come to maturity and are so

plentiful ; none of these are included in the present report.

Echinorhynchs were found on only four occasions, and in

every case in rock-fish, namely Liparis montagut, Ouos mus-

telus, UO. tricirratus, and Gasterosteus aculeatus.

Over thirty new records are noted in this paper, of which

half are in l'rematodes. Records new to British waters are

much more numerous.

In Part I. reference was made to the work of Olsson and

P. J. van Beneden on the Entozoa of North-Sea fishes.

Odhner’s work on Arctic Trematodes* only came to hand

while the paper was in the press. Although not dealing

exclusively with the Trematode parasites of tishes, Odhner’s

paper includes descriptions of many of the most important

of these, and it is to him that we owe the first exhaustive

accounts of such well-known species as Prosorhynchus squa-

* “Die Trematoden des arktischen Gebietes,’ in Fauna Arctica, iv.

(1905) pp. 291-372.

Entozoa of British Marine Fishes. 3

matus, Steringophorus furciger, Podocotyle atomon, Lepida-

pedon i ta rachiacum, Lecithaster gibbosus, and Dero-

enes varicus. Since then Miss Lebour’s work* on “ Fish

rematodes of the Northumberland Coast’ has appeared,

and this is the most comprehensive attempt which has yet

been made to deal with fish from British waters. Frequent

reference will be made to both these works in the following

notes,

One of the most remarkable contrasts between Miss Lebour’s

results and those obtained at St. Andrews is evidenced in

the occurrence of Podocotyle atomon. Special notice was

made of this species in Part I. Of all the common rock-fish

at St. Andrews only two, the shanny (Blenntus pholis) and

the pogge (Agonus cataphractus) have not been found to

harbour this parasite. ‘len other species of rock-fish contain

it as frequently as 71 per cent. On the Northumberland

coast the frequency is Pa 3 per cent., Cottus scorpius being

the sole host.

I have examined all the species of rock-fish with which

Miss Lebour deals except Onos cimbrius, and have found

Podocotyle atomon in every one of them. I have also had

occasion to examine the rock-fish in the Firth of Clyde, and

there the parasite was found in 57 percent. ‘There also it

occurred very frequently in the saithe (Gadus virens) and

bag (G. pollachius), and, in addition, in the dab and plaice.

n the case of the Northumberland coast we appear to be

confronted with a local peculiarity, the explanation of which

is not at present obvious. A point of interest lies in the fact

that the rock-fish examined by Miss Lebour were not infected,

with the exception of Cottus scorpius, with ‘Trematode para-

sites of any kind. Several other Trematodes occur in the

rock-fishes at St. Andrews, e. g. Derogenes varicus, Hemiurus

communis, Stephanochasmus baccatus, and Prosorhynchus

squamatus. Two of these were found by Miss Lebour in

Cottus scorpius.

No case similar to that of Blennius pholis — has again

been met with. The only three species from which no

parasites were obtained were Merlucius merluccius, Chimera

monstrosa, and Gobius minutus; but only one or two

specimens of each of these were examined.

In the following list an attempt is made to indicate with

what frequency and in what nutnbers the various parasites

occur in each host. For that purpose figures are used as

* ‘Northumberland Sea Fisheries Report’ for 1907 (1908), pp. 23-67.

+ Part I., Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xix. p. 68. 3

4 Dr. W. Nicoll on the

follows :—I.=rarely (under 10 per cent.) ; II.=occasionally

(10-25 per cent.); I1].=commonly (25-50 per cent.) ;

1V.=frequently (50-75 per cent.) ; V.=very frequently (over

75 per cent.) ; L=1 or 2 at a time; 2=less than 10; 3= _

less than 50 ; 4=50-100; 5=over 100. Thus IV. 2 will be

taken to indicate that a parasite occurs frequently in numbers

less than ten in each host, as in the case of Podocotyle atomon.

The fish in this part are named according to ‘A History of

Scandinavian Fishes,’ by Fries, Ekstrém, and Sundevall.

ACANTHOPTERYGII.

Trachinus vipera, Cuv. Lesser Weaver.

Ascaris capsularia, Rud. (juven.). cT1 a. Body-cavity.

Cottus scorpius, Bloch. Bullhead.

Stephanochasmus baccatus, Mieoll. ASE Intestine.

Hemiurus communis, Odhn. eT .d; Stomach.

Cottus bubalis, Euphr. Father-lasher.

Hemiurus communis, Odhn. A.A. Stomach.

(=H. appendiculatus, mzhi.)

Ascaris angulata, Rud. qT, 1. Intestine.

Agonus cataphractus (Linn.). Pogge.

Scolex polymorphus, Rud. TL. Intestine.

Ascaris sp. Ill. 1. = Intestine.

Ascaris communis, Dies. (juv.). if i Body-cavity.

Callionymus lyra, Linn. Dragonet.

(Lebouria) alacris, Zss. it. a: Intestine.

Zoogonoides viviparus (Olss.). IV. 4. Tutestine.

Derogenes varicus (Miiller). ci. Intestine.

Lecithaster gibbosus (Rud.). be Intestine.

Scolex polymorphus, Rud. Ii. 3. —_ Intestine.

Ascaris sp. III. 1. Stomach.

Heterakis foveolata, Rud. i ae Intestine.

Trigla gurnardus, Linn. Grey Gurnard.

Stephanochasmus trigle, Lebour. JB: b Intestine.

Derogenes varicus (Miiller) (juven.). ia, Stomach.

Hemiurus communis, Odhn. WEE 1. Stomach.

Hemiurus liihei, Odhn. iI. Stomach.

Gasterostomum trigle, v. Ben. aif; 2: Intestine.

Scolex polymorphus, Rud. IL. 2. Intestine.

Ascaris sp. aT, A: Intestine.

Ascaris capsularia, Rud. (juven.). TI. 2. Peritoneum.

Cyclopterus lumpus, Linn. Lumpsucker.

Distomum sp. (juven.). Ler Rectum.

Scolex polymorphus. III. 5. Stomach, ceca,

and intestine.

Ascaris sp. ‘ Il. 2. Ceca and in-

testine.

Ascaris capsularia, Rud. (juven.). IfI.2. Liver.

Liparis montaguz, Donov. Montague’s Sucker.

Scolex polymorphus, Rud. III. 2. Intestine.

Anarrhichas lupus, Linn. Catfish.

Lebouria idonea, Nicoll. IV. 4. Intestine.

(Acanthopsolus) anarrhiche, sp. ing. _ III. 3. Intestine.

Entozoa of British Marine Fishes. 5

Fellodistomum fellis (Odss.). V. 4, Gall-bladder.

Fellodistomum agnotum, Nicoll, IV.2. Gall-bladder and

duodenum.

Zoogonus rubellus (O/ss.). V. 4. Rectum and in-

testine.

Zoogonoides viviparus (Odss.). IIT. 3. Rectum and in-

testine.

Scolex polymorphus, Rud. IIT, 3. Intestine.

Gasterosteus aculeatus (var. trachurus), Linn, 3-spined Stickleback.

Ascaris sp. Li. Intestine.

Echinorhyncbus acus, Rud. | Intestine,

Gastrea spinachia (Linn.). 15-spined Stickleback.

Podocotyle atomon (Rud.). IV. 2. Intestine.

Centronotus gunnellus, Linn. Gunnel.

Hemiurus communis, OdAn. pe Intestine.

(=H. appendiculatus, mthz.)

ANACANTHINI.

Gadus callarias, Linn, Cod.

Derogenes varicus (Miil.). Ill. 1. Stomach.

Hemiurus communis, Odhn. ILI, 1. Stomach.

Gasterostomum gracilescens (2ud.)(juv.). I. 2. Stomach.

Bothriocephalus rugosus, Rud. Il.2. _—_ Intestine.

Scolex saa Rud. Ill, 4. Intestine.

Ascaris clavata, Rud. IV. 2. Stomach and in-

testine.

Ascaris capsularia, Rud. (juv.). IV. 3 Liver and peri-

toneum.

Ascaropsis morrhum, v. Ben. Hl. 3 (Esophagus and

stomach,

Gadus merlangus, Linn. Whiting.

4 Ascaris capsularia, Rud, (juv.). Il. 2. Peritoneum.

Onos tricirratus (Briin.). Three-bearded Rockling.

Podocotyle atomon (Jud.). aes oe Intestine.

Ascaris sp. Ban Ee Intestine.

Ascaris capsularia, Rud. (juv.). IV. 2. Ad cxca.

Echinorhynchus acus, Rud. IV. i Intestine.

Onos mustelus (Linn.). Five-bearded Rockling.

Podocotyle atomon (Rud.). oe Stomach, cmca,

and intestine.

Echinorhynchus acus, Rud. ay. 1. Intestine.

Bothus maximus (Linn.). Turbot.

Ascaris collaris, Rud. ue. I. Stomach and in-

testine.

Pleuronectes flesus, Linn. Flounder.

Ascaris collaris, Rud. (juven.). Soa In Intestine.

Pleuronectes limanda, Linn. Dab.

Lecithaster gibbosus (Rud.). 1 ip Intestine.

(= Derogenes cacozelus, mihi.)

Ascaris capsularia, Rud. (juven.). Il.2. Body-cavity.

Hippoglossus vulgaris, Flem. Halibut.

Daalthastes gibbosus, Rud. IT. 1. Intestine and

(= Derogenes cacozelus, mthi.) rectum.

Hemiurus communis, Odhn. III. 1. Stomach.

(=H. appendiculatus, mit.)

Bothriocephalus punctatus, Rud, I. 2. Stomach, ceca,

and intestine.

6 Dr. W. Nicoll on the

PHYSOSTOMI.

Osmerus epulanus.

Lecithaster gibbosus, Rud. 1i,1-: Intestine.

Scolex polymorphus, Rud. II. 3. —_— Intestine.

Ascaris sp. (juven.). II.1. Intestine.

Argentina sphyrena, Linn. Argentine.

Lecithophyllum botryophoron (Olss.). IV.3 Intestine.

Clupea sprattus, Linn. Sprat.

Derogenes varicus (Miill.) (juven.). i bg Ceeca,

Lecithaster gibbosus (2ud.). Lid. Intestine.

Hemiurus liihei, Odin, it Rl (Esophagus, sto-

mach, ceca,

and intestine.

Scolex polymorphus, Rud. I.1. _—_ Intestine.

Ascaris sp. Il.2. Stomach and in-

testine.

Ascaris sp. (juven.). Il. 2. Peritoneum.

Anguilla vulgaris, Turt. Eel.

Hemiurus communis, Odin. iT Stomach.

(=H. appendiculatus, mthz.)

PLECTOGNATHI.

Mola mola (Schneider). Sunfish.

Dihemistephanus lydiz (Stoss.). Intestine.

Ancistrocephalus microcephalus (Rwd.). Intestine.

Anthocephalus reptans, Wagener. Liver.

LopHOBRANCHII.

Syngnathus acus, Linn. Pipefish. }

Scolex polymorphus, Rud. IV. 2. Intestine.

Ascaris sp. (juven.). yo: Peritoneum.

Podocotyle atomon (Rud.).

Odhner, Fauna Arctica, iv. (2) p. 320.

Nicoll, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xix. pp. 73-77.

Lebour, Northumberland Sea Fish. Rept. 1907, pp. 36-387.

Nicoll, Quart. J. Micr. Sci. liii. pt. 8, pp. 451-4538.

To the list of British hosts of this parasite has to be added

Gastrea spinachia. Inone specimen of this fish half a dozen

examples of the parasite were found. They agreed well with

previous descriptions of the species, but the ova were parti-

cularly large, measuring ‘085-093 mm. in length and -051-

‘062 in breadth. These are by far the largest ova I have

yet observed in this species, and I was at first in doubt

whether the specimens were really Podocotyle atomon or some

allied species. No other differences of importance could be

made out. ‘The length of the specimens is 1°7—-2°3 mm.;

oral sucker ‘14-16 mm. in diameter; ventral sucker ‘20x

Entozoa of British Marine Fishes. 7

*25mm.; breadth } of the length; neck also } of the length,

and the posterior border of the second testis about the same

distance from the posterior end of the body. Pharynx

‘09 mm.; w@sophagus ‘105 mm.; excretory vesicle aia:

forward to anterior end of ovary. Ovary close in front of

testes, trilobate. Receptaculum seminis immediately in

front of ovary. ‘Testes directly tandem or very slightly

oblique, round, isodiametric ; diameter ‘20 mm.; separated

by yolk-glands. Yolk-glands extending forward to posterior

border of ventral sucker ; not discontinuous at testes. Vesi-

cula seminalis extending *1-"17 mm. behind ventral sucker,

t. e. about ys of length of body, or rather more than half the

diameter of the ventral sucker.

From the above notes there can be little doubt that the

specimens under consideration are actually Podocotyle atomon.

A fact which might cause hesitation in admitting this identi-

fication is that Odhner has frequently found a closely allied

species, P. reflexa (Crep].) in Gastrea spinachia (Spinachia

vulgaris). According to Odhner, this species differs from

P, atomon in being much more elongated, less flattened, and

in having the suckers more nearly approximated. Other

features noted by Odhner are the great prominence of the

ventral suckers, the length of the cesophagus relative to the

pharynx, the greater breadth of the testes, the greater length

of the cirrus-pouch, the median position of the ovary, and

the discontinuous condition of the yolk-glands. The majority

of these characters, however, are of little valae when dealing

with such a species as Podocotyle atomon. It does not require

a very extensive study to convince one that Podocotyle atomon

is within certain limits a very variable species, and it is just

in the above-detailed features that the variation occurs. No

weight can be placed on the length of the cesophagus, for in

Podocotyle atomon it may be shorter than the pharynx, or, as

Miss Lebour notes, more than double its length, depending

almost entirely on the state of contraction of the body.

Again, the testes not infrequently exceed half the breadth

of the body, and the ovary may be only very slightly, if at

all, displaced from the middle line. The yolk-glands are

extremely variable and may be entirely absent between

the testes or may fill up a considerable part of the inter-

testicular space; further, they are fairly often discon-

tinuous laterally at the level of the intertesticular space

or the posterior testis. The cirrus-pouch may extend barely

beyond the ventral sucker, or it may occasionally reach

nearly halfway to the ovary. ‘The extended condition of

the body and the prominent pedunculated appearance of

s Dr. W. Nicoll on the

the ventral suckers depend largely on the method of killing.

Fresh water, for instance, causes the body to be much elon-

gated and the ventral sucker to be raised on a well-marked

pedicle. It also alters other relations, so that the neck

becomes much shorter and the breadth of the body is

decreased, while the thickness is greatly increased. In such

a condition the parasite agrees much more closely with

Odhner’s description of Podocotyle reflera than with his

description of P. atomon. From this it appears that undue

importance must not be attached to the elongated cylindrical

shape, with projecting ventral sucker, as in P. reflexa, unless

when dealing with specimens collected and preserved in a

uniform manner. Under these conditions it may be safe to

differentiate, as Odliner has done, species such as P. reflexa

and P. olssoni, but at the same time it is probable that

Odhner’s definitions are too comprehensive. Certain features

which he mentions are of undoubted specific value, and of

these I should put most reliance on the breadth of the body,

the length of the neck, and the length of the cirrus-pouch.

In none of my specimens, it may be noted, is the breadth less

than } or the neck less than % of the body-length.

Admitting the specific identity of Podocotyle reflexa, it is

quite evident that my specimens from Gastrea spinachia are

not identical with Odlner’s specimens from the same host,

for they are flattened; the neck is much longer and the

breadth is greater than in that species. In addition the

testes do not occupy more than half the breadth of the body,

the cirrus-pouch extends only a short distance behind the

ventral sucker, the ovary is on the right side, and the yolk-

glands are in no case discontinuous at the level of the testes.

In fact the specimens are absolutely typical examples of

Podocotyle atomon apart from the large size of the ova.

An immature example of the same parasite was obtained

from the intestine of Onos tricirratus, this making the

twelfth British host of the species, all of these being rock-

pool fish with the exception of the plaice, as recorded by

Miss Lebour, and the flounder, as recorded by Johnstone.

Three additional hosts which I have to record from the West

Coast bring the total up to fifteen.

(Lebouria) alacris, Lss. (PI. I. fig. 1.)

From Callionymus lyra a single specimen of a species

which can only with very great doubt be identified with

Distomum alacre, Lss.*, was obtained. It was 1°4 mm.

* Centralbl. f. Bakt. xxix. p. 401.

Entozoa of British Marine l’ishes. a)

long ; greatest breadth half the length. Oral sucker ‘21 mm.

in diameter; ventral sucker 32 x*34 mm., situated 55 mm.

from the anterior end. Pharynx *14x°‘11 mm., prepharynx

and cesophagus short. Ovary oval, immediately behind the

ventral sucker on the right side, smaller than the testes.

Testes immediately behind ovary, tandem. Yolk-glands not

very voluminous, lateral, extending into neck as far as in-

testinal bifurcation ; almost absent at level of ventral sucker ;

uniting behind testes. Genital aperture median, not far in

front of ventral sucker. Cirrus-pouch short, not extending

beyond the centre of the ventral sucker, containing a simple

vesicula seminalis, a short ductus ejactulatorius, and appa-

rently a definite pars prostatica. Ova ‘082-086 x ‘040-042

mm.; blunt at both poles. Simple excretory vesicle ex-

tending forward to anterior testis.

Mr. Johnstone, of Liverpool, has allowed me to examine a

small immature specimen of what appears to be the same

5 ag from Callionymus lyra, obtained in Luce Bay. I have

also collected a considerable number of specimens from

Callionymus in the Firth of Clyde. These appear to be the

same species ; a description of them will be published later.

This specimen agrees with Looss’s description of Disto-

mum alacre in several important particulars. The disposition

of the genital organs is the same in both, although the yolk-

glands are not so extensive in my specimen. They agree

also in the size and situation of the ventral sucker. ‘I'he

most important differences are that my specimen is much

broader, while the oral sucker and pharynx are much larger.

In these respects it approaches nearer Lebouria itdonea,

mili *. :

Looss seemed to hesitate in including Distomum alacre

amongst the Allocreadiinw, but there seems little doubt that

it is really a member of this subfamily. It is most nearly

related to the genus Lebourta, and it is only the somewhat

anomalous structure of the cirrus-pouch which prevents its

definite inclusion in that genus.

In the specimens from the West Coast the average length

is 1:1 mm., the breadth is ? of that, and the ventral sucker

is situated exactly 2 of the length from the anterior end.

The diameter of the oral sucker is constantly } of the body-

length, while that of the ventral sucker is a trifle more than

3. The ventral sucker is oval and its shorter diameter is not

quite 3 of the body-length. ‘The pharynx is exactly yy of

the body-length. In practically every one of these features

* Quart. J. Micr. Sci, liii. pt, 3, pp. 441-451, pl. ix. figs. 9-12.

10 Dr. W. Nicoll on the

the West-Coast specimens agree with my first specimen and

differ correspondingly from Looss’s description of Diéstomum

alacre. They agree with the latter more closely in having

the yolk-glands extending forward to the pharynx and the

genital aperture slightly displaced from the middle line

towards the left.

Stephanochasmus baccatus, Nicoll.

One specimen of a Stephanochasmus species was found in

the intestine of Cottus scorpius, and although it does not

entirely agree with my previous description of St. baccatus*,

it is the only species to which it can be referred. The most

important point serving for identification is the fact that it

possesses 28 cephalic spines in each row. Those of the

anterior row are shorter than those of the posterior row, but

their length is somewhat variable. The cuticular spines

seem to be absent from a great part of the dorsal surface of

the body.

The length of the specimen is 2°4 mm. ; greatest breadth

‘7 mm. The neck is 1 mm. long, which is considerably

greater than in the first specimen, but may be accounted for

by assuming a greater degree of extension. The diameter of

the oral sucker is ‘18 mm., of the ventral sucker ‘31 mm.

The prepharynx is ‘22 mm. and the pharynx measures *20 x

‘19mm. All these figures agree well enough with those

already given. The testes are contiguous and have each a

diameter of about'3 mm. Thesecond testis is about 4 of the

body-length from the posterior end of the body. The ovary

is ‘17 mm. in diameter, lying immediately in front of the

anterior testis and ‘4 mm. behind the ventral sucker. It is

thus much nearer the sucker than in the previous example.

The yolk-glands are slightly more extensive than before, but

do not reach the level of the ventral sucker. The cirrus-

pouch is comparatively short and does not extend beyond the

ventral sucker to a greater distance than the diameter of the

sucker (7. e. not more than 7, of the body-length). The ova

are larger than before, measuring ‘101 x 046 mm.

The specimens both from Hippoglossus and from Cottus

were found in gut which had been preserved in formalin and

not examined for parasites till some time afterwards. There

was thus no opportunity of getting them in a properly

extended condition, and this probably explains the some-

what different appearance which they present.

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xix. pp. 80-83, pl. ii. figs, 5-7.

Entozoa of British Marine Fishes. 11

Stephanochasmus trigle, Lebour *.

From the intestine of 7’rigla gurnardus + a single specimen

of what can hardly fail to be this species was obtained. The

species is exceedingly like St, baccatus, and, as far as can be

made out, practically the only difference to which any

importance can be attached is in the number of cephalic spines.

Miss Lebour did not determine this number, but in the

specimen under consideration it appears to be 50, @. e. 25 in

each row. ‘This difference of six spines may or may not be

a feature of specific distinction ; if not, the two species must

be considered identical. After a careful examination of

Miss Lebour’s description and my own specimens the only

other feature of difference to be found is in the extent of the

yolk-glands, which reach the ventral sucker in St. trigle but

stop short of it in St. baccatus. This, however, is a rather

hazardous distinction.

The cephalic spines surround the oral sucker in two un-

interrupted rows, and they measure ‘03 mm. in the anterior

row and ‘035 mm. in the posterior row. In my specimen

the spines in the posterior row, instead of being directed

straight backwards, diverge slightly from the middle line,

but this condition is probably pidtoutal. The spines over

the rest of the body appear to be more numerous and thickly

set than in St. baccatus, and their distribution is possibly

more extensive.

The length of the specimen is 2°9 mm., of which the neck

comprises 1 mm.; the breadth is ‘6 mm. Diameter of oral

and ventral suckers *20 mm. and ‘27 mm. respectively ;

prepharynx °32 mm, long ; pharynx ‘17 x°‘15 mm. ; cesopha-

gus almost absent. ‘Testes elongated oval, measuring *36 x

‘24 mm., not quite contiguous, separated by yolk-glands.

Ovary ‘17 mm. in diameter, separated from testes by yolk-

glands. Latter extend as far forwards as the posterior border

of the ventral sucker. Cirrus-pouch not extending beyond the

ventral sucker to a greater distance than the diameter of the

sucker, as in St. baccatus. ‘The specimen contained no ova.

Dihemistephanus lydia (Stossich).

(Pl. I. figs, 2, 3.)

Stossich, Boll. Soc. Adriat. xvii. (1896) p. 4, pl. i. fig. 1.

Looss, Centralbl. f. Bakt. xxix. (1901) pp. 605-606 & 628, fig. 6,

In the intestine of a sunfish (A/o/a mola), captured in the

* Northumberland Sea Fisheries Rep. 1907 (1908), pp. 47-48, pl. iii.

figs. 3-4.

+ In a recent note (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iii, p. 246) this speci-

men was inadvertently referred to Cottus scorpius.

12 Dr. W. Nicoll on the

Firth of Forth and forwarded to Professor M‘Iutosh, a large

number of specimens of this parasite were found. Stossich’s

original description of the species is incomplete and contains

several errors, which were corrected by Looss’s amended

description. My specimens differ in a few particulars from

those examined by Looss, and both on that account and on

account of the comparative rarity of the species | shall give

here a fairly full description of it.

My specimens are only half the size of Stossich’s, measuring

for the most part from 1°8 mm. to 2°4 mm. They are ex-

tended and flattened, but the neck is somewhat subcylindrical.

The greatest breadth is a little more than } of the length and

occurs, as a rule, about the level of the ventral sucker, but

in many cases it is as far back as the anterior testis. From

this point the body narrows rapidly towards the anterior end,

but behind the sucker it preserves a fairly uniform breadth,

till near the posterior end, where it comes abruptly to a

point; in some cases the posterior end is bluntly rounded.

Almost the entire surface is covered with spines, which show

much greater variations in size than is usual amongst spinous

Trematodes. Over the greater part of the body they are

long, curved, and sharp, with a fairly broad base, and, as

usual, they are largest and strongest just in front of the

ventral sucker. Forwards these large spines stop suddenly a

little in front of the pharynx, and their place is taken by

very much smaller spines of minute size. The large spines

advance further forwards in the middle line and at the ex-

treme edges of the body than elsewhere, so that the minate

spines appear to be congregated in two lateral patches,

united, however, in the middle line in front. Precisely the

same arrangement occurs on the dorsal surface, although in

this case the large spines are found a little further forward

than on the ventral surface. In the latter point this differs

from Looss’s description. In the arrangement of the cephalic

spines another difference must be noted. In addition to the two

series described by Looss, a third one occurs in many, though

not in all, of my specimens (PI. I. fig. 3).. This is situated

on the dorsal surface a short distance behind the hind rows of

large spines, and consists of a row of about 10 straight sharp

spines, resembling the large spines, but only about half their

size (length ‘025 mm.). Itis hardly necessary to be reminded

here that cephalic spines are only too prone to be knocked

off and disappear without leaving traces of their existence.

In the majority of my specimens the cephalic armature was

incomplete. Such must have been the case in Looss’s

specimens, otherwise this third series of spines could not have

Entozoa of British Marine Fishes. 13

escaped notice, for they are prominent and distinct enough in

the specimens in which they are present. ‘lhe same applies

to the ventral series of very small spines, which Looss

describes as consisting of two rows of 5 and 6 ineach. In

some of my specimens these are entirely absent, and in the

others they vary in number from 3 up to 15. In the speci-

men in which the maximum number was present there were

6 spines in the anterior row and 7 in the posterior row, and

at each end of the series there was a single spine of the same

size occupying a position neither in one row nor the other,

but midway between the two. From this it is evident that

it is a difficult matter to determine the exact number of the

ventral series, and there may even be a doubt if it consists

normally of a definite number, The arrangement of the

largest spines is exactly as Looss has described, the spines

being all of approximately equal length (‘04-05 mm.) except

the two terminal spines of the anterior row, which are a little

shorter than the others. I find the number to be 18 in the

anterior row and 17 in the posterior, but it is not easy to

determine this exactly.

The oral sucker is terminal and measures *19-"22 mm. in

diameter, ¢. e. about yy of the body-length. It has a slight

tendency towards a funnel-shape, but the margin is not

necessarily rampart-like (wallartig) as Looss describes it.

In almost all my specimens the ventral lip is thin and sharp,

while the dorsal lip is thickened for the insertion of the

large cephalic spines. Along with the spines this thickening

extends round to the sides, and this gives the head a some-

what = a shape in some specimens. The ventral sucker is

situated at a distance from the anterior end varying with the

degree of extension of the neck, but on an average it is about

1 mm.; in other words, the sucker lies a little in front of the

middle of the body. It is a feeble, shallow, evidently

degenerate structure. In most cases it lies level with the

body-surface, but in some its edges are raised a little. It is

always distinctly larger than the oral sucker, its diameter

being *22—27 mm., and the sucker-ratio being approxi-

mately 6:7.

The prepharynx is about ‘1 mm. in length, but may be

twice as long or entirely absent, according to the state of

contraction, ‘he pharynx has an average measurement of

*145x°10 mm. The esophagus is normally a trifle shorter

than the pharynx. The diverticula are thin-walled and wide,

extending quite to the posterior end of the body.

The ovary and testes are situated in the posterior half of

the body, the post-testicular space being a little more than }

14 Dr. W. Nicoll on the

of the body-length. The testes are tandem, transversely

ovoid, and measure about °21x*26 mm. In every case they

are contiguous. The ovary lies immediately in front of the

anterior testis, but displaced a little to the right side. It is

also transversely ovoid, but is considerably smaller than the

testes, measuring *17x*12 mm. There does not appear to

be a receptaculum seminis. ‘The yolk-glands are exceedingly

well developed and very conspicuous. Neither Stossich nor

Looss describes their disposition accurately. They are

situated for the most part under the dorsal surface of the

body, but a ventral fringe of uniform breadth extends from

the posterior end of the body to a point a short distance in

front of the ventral sucker. This fringe lies over the outer

side of the intestinal diverticula, and nowhere throughout its

whole extent crosses to the inner side of the diverticula.

Dorsally the follicles are much more extensive. They fill

the whole of the post-testicular space. Forwards they extend

in towards the middle line and overlap the testes and ovary

to a considerable extent. They thin out a little at the level

of the uterus, but in front of the ventral sucker they again

become voluminous and extend across the entire breadth of

the body. Their anterior limit is the same as in the case of

the ventral fringe. The common yolk-ducts are ventral and

cross between the ovary and anterior testis, to unite in the

yolk-reservoir.

The genital aperture lies close to the anterior border of the

ventral sucker. It is not median in position, but is displaced

a little to the left side. The genital sinus is of small size.

The ductus ejaculatorius opens into it on the right side, the

vagina on the left. The cirrus-pouch lies dorsal to the

ventral sucker and invariably terminates at the posterior

border of the latter. The anterior narrow part of the pouch

is always bent more or less abruptly on the more swollen

posterior part. The latter contains a single simple globular

or ovoid vesicula seminalis, in close connexion with which

is a comparatively large pars prostatica, also nearly globular

in shape. Prostatic cells do not appear to be numerous,

although the pars prostatica is filled with a large amount of

secretion. The ductus ejaculatorius is short and fairly

straight. The uterus occupies the space between the anterior

testis and the genital aperture, confined by the intestinal

diverticula on either side. Unlike the uterus in the genera

Echinostomum and Stephanochasmus, it frequently forms

several convolutions dorsal to the ventral sucker, so that

Looss is not quite exact in saying that it is confined between

the ovary and ventral sucker. The vagina is short and

Entozoa of British Marine Fishes. 15

muscular. ‘The ova are thin-shelled, with blunt poles, the

opercular pole being obliquely truncated. My measurements

of the ova do not agree with those of Looss, for from a large

number I find the average size to be ‘066 x ‘0365 mm., the

observed limits being ‘060-072 mm. for the length and

032-040 mm. for the breadth. Looss gives the breadth as

047 mm.

The genus Dihemistephanus is, as Looss remarks, most

closely allied to Stephanochasmus. The shortness of the

copulatory organs and the close proximity of the genital

glands are not so weighty differences as Looss suspected, for

since then two species of Stephanochasmus (St. trigle, Lebour,

and St, baccatus, mihi) have been described which approach

the condition in Dihemistephanus lydia. Of apparently

greater importance are, apart from the cephalic armature, the

shape and size of the pars prostatica and the extent and

disposition of the yolk-glands. Together the two genera

form a group which differs from the true Echinostomine in

the possession of a terminal oral sucker with cephalic spines

directly attached to its margin, the absence of a cephalic

collar, and the possession of a large pharynx, which is situated

nearer to the intestinal bifurcation than to the mouth.

(Acanthopsolus) anarrhiche, sp. inq.

Under this provisional name I wish merely to mention a

species which occurs in the intestine of Anarrhichas lupus.

It has already been found and briefly described by Miss

Lebour *. It is evidently a new species and almost un-

doubtedly the type of a new genus, but several important

points in its anatomy require yet to be determined. I am

not in a position to add anything to Miss Lebour’s descrip-

tion, as my material consists of only a few immature speci-

mens which were accidentally discovered amongst a collection

of Zoogonus rubellus from the same host. Probably many

specimens were overlooked in collecting, for the species is

about the same size as, and bears much external resemblance

to, Zoogonus rubellus and Zoogonoides viviparus, both of

which were found together in large numbers in the intestine

of the catfish.

With regard to the systematic position of this species, it

approaches most closely, as Miss Lebour remarked, to

canthopsolus oculatus (Levins.), but it possesses one or two

features sufficient to exclude it from the genus Acanthopsolus.

‘ . ee AR Sea Fisheries Rep. 1907 (1908), pp. 51-53, pl. iii.

gs. 6-8,

16 Dr. W. Nicoll on the

Together they form the nucleus of a subfamily the nearest

relation of which appears to be not Stephanochasmus, as

Odhner remarked in the case of Acanthopsolus oculatus, but

the Lepocreadiine. It is impossible to include them in the

latter subfamily, but they are certainly nearly allied to it.

Steringophorus furciger (Olsson).

The occurrence of this species in Lophius piscatorius, as

recorded by Miss Lebour, is probably fortuitous, the parasites

being in all likelihood from some Pleuronectid fish swallowed

by the Angler. In British waters the species appears to be

entirely confined to the Pleuronectide and to be one of their

most characteristic parasites.

Zoogonoides viviparus (Olsson).

In British waters this species has hitherto only been found

in Pleuronectid fishes, in which it occurs in great abundance.

I have found it quite as frequently and in as large numbers

in Callionymus lyra and Anarrhichas lupus. In the North

Sea I have also found it fairly frequently in Pleuronectes

cynoglossus and Drepanopsetta platessoides, and in the Firth

of Clyde in Pl. flesus and Pl. microcephalus. This makes a

total of nine British hosts for the species.

The species is already so well known that no additional

description is necessary. It seems necessary to insist, how-

ever, that the diameter of the ventral sucker is not twice that

of the oral sucker, as both Odhner and Miss Lebour have it.

In my specimens the ratio is almost constantly 3:2, the

average sizes being ‘22 mm. and *145 mm. in a specimen of

‘9 mm. length.

With regard to the coloration, considerable variation seems

to occur. The general body-colour is lemon-yellow, with

numerous irregular splashes of brownish red, which is so

intense that when a number of parasites are viewed together

they appear to be of a dusky red colour. ‘To me the para-

site has never appeared of a bright red colour, as Miss Lebour

describes it. Many specimens, however, seem to lack these

red patches, and the doubt has often occurred as to whether

the uniformly coloured specimens were really the same as

the others; but no structural differences could be detected.

Van Beneden’s Distomum callionymi* is very probably

Zoogonoides viviparus. The figures which he gives show’

some of the characteristic attitudes of that species, but other-

wise they are unrecognizable.

* Mém. Acad. Roy. Belg. xxxyviii. p. 53, pl. iv. fig. 3.

Entozoa of British Marine Fishes. 17

Zoogonus rubellus (Olsson). (Pl. I. fig. 4.)

— oe sp. n., Olsson, Lunds Univ. Araskrift, iv. (8) p. 44,

pl. iv. fig. 89.

arg mirus, sp.n., Looss, Centralbl. f. Bakt. xxix. pp. 439-442,

g. 6.

agp rubellus (Olsson), Odhner, Centralbl. f. Bakt. xxxi. pp. 59-61,

g.1

Zoogonus mirus, Lss., Goldschmidt, Centralb). f. Bakt. xxxii. pp. 870-

876, figs. 1-6.

This species has been hitherto recorded only from Labride,

but I have found numerous examples in every specimen of

Anarrhichas lupus in the rectum and lower part of the

intestine. Three excellent descriptions already exist, but

some doubt still remains as to whether Z. rubellus and

Z. mirus are identical or not. A few differences of a minor

nature occur in the accounts of the above-cited authors; my

specimens agree best with Goldschmidt’s description.

They are pale yellow in colour and of small size, measuring

for the most part *75-1°0 mm. Externally they resemble

Zoogonotdes viviparus very much, but they are not so delicate

as that species, The shape is elongated oval, the greatest

breadth, about the level of the ventral sucker, being rather

less than half the length. The whole suiface of the body is

covered with minute regular scale-like spines. The oral

sucker is subterminal and globular, with a diameter of *115-

"135 mm. The ventral sucker is flattened and usually iso-

diametric, measuring *135-165 mm. In a number of

specimens it is contracted and distorted as in Looss’s figure.

It thus appears smaller than the oral sucker and this may

account for Looss’s observation. It is situated exactly ? of

the body-length from the anterior end. The configuration

of the alimentary system conforms much more with

Goldschmidt’s representation than with that of Looss or

Odbner. The prepharynx is not usually dilated and is

rather shorter than the pharynx. ‘The latter is oval and

measures ‘10—13x'08-—-09 mm. The esophagus is com-

paratively of great length and extends right behind the

ventral sucker before the bifurcation takes place. As a

matter of fact, it is difficult to say where the bifurcation

actually occurs, for dorsal to the ventral sucker the esophagus

expands considerably, and the diverticula arise from this

expansion as two wide sacs. The exact point of bifurcation

is thus not marked off with such distinctness as in most other

species. ‘The internal walls of the diverticula can always be

seen uniting just behind the posterior border of the ventral

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 2

18 Dr. W. Nicoll on the

sucker, as in Goldschmidt’s figure and my own. Both Looss

and Odhner represent the diverticula as elongated sacs

arising from a point in front of the ventral sucker; but in

reality they are short, oval, club-like structures, the

appearance of which is almost unique. Olsson’s figure gives

an indication of this.

The testes are two large globular bodies situated one on

each side of the ventral sucker at the level of its posterior

border. The ovary is situated further back near the ends of

the intestinal diverticula, median in position and of globular

or ovoid shape. The minute yolk-gland lies just in front of

the ovary and the fairly large receptaculum seminis lies a

little behind and to the right of the ovary. The genital

aperture is situated at the left margin of the body on the

level of the aperture of the ventral sucker. The cirrus-

pouch is moderately large, retort-shaped, and extends barely

beyond the posterior border of the ventral sucker. Its

posterior part lies dorsal to the outer portion of the sucker,

not, as Odhner and Goldschmidt represent it, entirely to the

left side of the sucker, except in compressed specimens. It

contains a bipartite vesicula seminalis, of which the posterior

part is considerably the larger, a small but distinct pars

prostatica, and a short ductus ejaculatorius, not lined by

spines. ‘he uterus is confined mainly to the space behind

the ends of the intestinal diverticula and contains Ifracidia

in all stages of development. A full description of these is

given by Looss and Goldschmidt.

Looss’s Zoogonus mirus is in all probability identical with

Odhner’s Z. rubellus—at any rate, features sufficient to

distinguish them are not at present apparent.

Derogenes varicus (Miiller).

To the list of hosts in which I have already found this

species must be added Callionymus lyra (frequently in the

intestine), Trigla gurnardus (an immature specimen in the

stomach), Gadus callarias (occasionally in the stomach), and

Clupea sprattus (an immature specimen in the ceca). ‘This

brings the number of British hosts of this species up to 15

and it is still to be found in many others. Although evi-

dently very widely distributed it very probably occurs most

frequently in Pleuronectide and Gadide.

Lecithaster gibbosus (Rud.). (Pl. I. fig. 5.)

= Derogenes cacozelus, mihi, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xix. pp. 90-91,

pl. iii. fig. 10.

This was e “eously described as a new species from

Entozoa of British Marine Fishes. 19

Hippoglossus vulgaris and Pleuronectes limandu in Part 1.*

It was also met with in Ammodytes tobianus. To these have

to be added Callionymus lyra, Osmerus eperlanus, and Clupea

—: With the whiting and grey leer recorded by

iss Lebour, and Belone vulgaris by Johnstone +, there is

now a total of nine British hosts for the species, but to that

number I shall have shortly another five to add. It is thus

a widely distributed species and does not appear to have a

special affinity for any particular group of fishes. The most

remarkable feature about this parasite is that, according to

my experience, very rarely does more than one specimen

occur in any host at one time. This does not accord with

Miss Lebour’s experience, but I have been struck with the

curious circumstance ou numerous occasions. Practically the

only host in which I ever obtained more than a couple of

specimens was the whiting in the Firth of Clyde. This is

one of the hosts in which Miss Lebour found the parasite, so

that it may be specially liable to infection.

Contrary to Miss Lebour, [ find that the species has a

distinctly red colour, which renders it easy to be picked out

from the intestinal contents. The characters of the species

are sufficiently well known to obviate the necessity for

redescription. One feature, however, must be mentioned,

which has apparently escaped notice by previous observers,

and that is the peculiar character of the contents of the

excretory vesicle. Though not aware of it at the time, I first

remarked on this in the case of my specimen from Ammodytes

tobianus. Two concentrically ringed bodies are there referred

to, but as the specimen was unfortunately destroyed no

further investigation of their nature was possible. Since

then I have seen similar bodies several times in living

specimens of Lecithaster gibbosus and usually in much greater

numbers. ‘They occur in all sizes from tiny specks to

lobules half as large as the testes, and the larger ones almost

invariably appear as if they contained smaller concentrically

arranged globules within them. For this appearance there

seems no obvious explanation, but there can be little doubt

that the bodies are really globules of excretory matter. At

any rate, they are paktaiaad within the main excretory vessels

and are evidently homologous with the much smaller and

more uniform globules commonly met with in the excretory

vesicle of many other Trematodes. They were certainly not

present in every specimen, and they always disappear on

® For drawing my attention to the identity of this species I am

indebted to Dr. Udhner, of Upsala.

+ Trans. Biol. Soc. Liverpool, xxi, (1907) pp. 185-6, fig. 16 ( Distomum

mollissimum).

20 Dr. W. Nicoll on the

preservation, which may account for the fact that no previous

mention has been made of them. In the living animal,

however, they present one of the most striking features.

The average length of my specimens collected at St.

Andrews is 1°4 mm. The ventral sucker is situated at a

distance of about 2 of the body-length from the anterior end.

The diameter of the oral sucker is ',; of the body-length and

that of the ventral sucker rather more than }. The sucker-

ratio is therefore approximately 2:3. Miss Lebour makes

it 1: 2, but in her drawing it is almost exactly 2:3. The

diameter of the pharynx is usually z4, of the body-length.

The average size of the ova is ‘021 x ‘V145 mm.

Hemiurus communis, Odhner.

In addition to the hosts already recorded for this species

must be mentioned Trigla gurnardus, Cottus scorpius, and

Gadus callarias. It was also erroneously recorded in Part I.

as Hemiurus appendiculatus (Rud.) from Cottus bubalis,

Centronotus guernellus, Hippoglossus vu'garis, and Anguilla

vulgaris. This makes the number of British hosts twelve *,

but there are at least another nine fishes in which I have

found it. It thus rivals Derogenes varicus as the most widely

distributed Trematode parasite of marine fishes. This is

probably due to the fact that the larval stage of both is

passed in some very common Crustaceans, most likely

Copepods. Levinsen’s discovery of the larva of Derogenes

varicus in the Polychet worm, Harmothoé imbricata, has never

been confirmed, so that much doubt must remain as to the

correctness of his observation. Pratt’s discovery of true

Hemiurid larve in Copepods indicates that they are really

the hosts in which to look for the early stages of Hemiurus

forms.

A word may not be out of place here in reference to the

recent proposal by Loosst to apply the terms soma and

abdomen respectively to the body and appendicular part of

appendiculate Distomes. The word abdomen has, apart from.

its classical meaning, a recognized and definite significance

in the anatomical terminology not only of Vertebrata but

also of Invertebrata, and it seems unreasonable to apply such

a general and well-known term to a single, small, specialised

part. Such ause of the term has no justification on ana-

tomical grounds, for in only a certain proportion of cases does

* Itis recorded by Johnstone as Distomum appendiculatum from the

plaice, dab, and whiting.

t+ Zool. Anzeig. xxxi. (1907) p. 585.

Entozoa of British Marine Fishes. 21

even a small part of the viscera extend into the appendicular

part, the true function of which remains unelucidated. The

older term “appendix” is much more applicable; but if

exception is taken to that it is not difficult to coin a word,

e. g. ecsoma (the part out of the body), much more appropriate

than abdomen. The term introvert seems quite as suitable as

any, even although it is used to describe different special

organs in various groups of animals.

cent work may be considered to have fairly well

established the specific characters of Hemiurus communis, but

there are still one or two points on which absolute uniformity

does not exist. The length of the soma is 1-3 mm. The

average breadth is about } of the length of the soma, greatest

just before the junction with the ecsoma. The latter is at

most #, frequently less, of the length of the soma. The neck

(distance of the ventral sucker from the anterior end) is

about } of the length of the soma. These measurements

have been agreed on by every observer, but in connection

with the sizes of the suckers my results are at variance with

those of others. Both Odhner and Miss Lebour* give the

ratio as approximately 1:2, but I have never yet founda

specimen in which the ventral sucker was twice as great as

the oral sucker. I find the ratio always greater than 1 : 2

and often as much as 2: 3. There is therefore no difference

in this respect between Hemturus communis and LH, liihet.

Wherein the difference between the two species really con-

sists is that in //. lahet the suckers are proportionately much

smaller than in //. communis. In the fatter the diameter of

the ventral sucker is about } of the length of the soma, but

it may be as small as 4 or as large as 4, depending to a great

extent on the state of contraction. In //. lihei the veutral

sucker rarely exceeds ,'; of the length of the soma. In

H. communis the cesophagus is nearly equal to the pharynx

in length. The genital sinus does not extend backwards as

far as the ventral sucker ; the pars prostatica is of moderate

length. The vesicula seminalis is bipartite, thin-walled, and

situated just behind the ventral sucker. The testes are

placed immediately behind the vesicula seminalis, always

nore or less obliquely behind each other. ‘The ovary is

separated from the testes by } of the length of the soma.

Hemiurns lihei, Odhner.

Hitherto this species has only been found in the herring

® In Miss Lebour’s figure of Hemiurus communis the sucker-ratio is,

by measurement, exactly 2 : 3.

22 Dr. W. Nicoll on the

and sprat, but I have to record its occurrence on at least one

occasion in the stomach of Trigla gurnardus. It is rarely

absent from the herring, but is more seldom found in the sprat,

being present in only about 10 percent. In the latter fish

it is not confined to the stomach, but may be found in the

cesophagus, czeca, and even the intestine.

It is readily distinguished from Hemturus communis by

the comparatively enormous length of the pars prostatica, but

this does not serve to separate it from H. appendiculatus.

The specific features of H. lihet are:—length of soma

1:5-3°5 mm.; average breadth 4 of length ; ecsoma not

more than } length of soma, frequently much less; neck not

more than } of soma. The limits 74-75 for the neck given

by Odhner are certainly much too small, although they serve

to emphasize the fact that the suckers are more approximated

in H. lihet than in H. communis and H. appendiculatus.

The diameter of the ventral sucker is 74—/5 of the length of

the soma, and it is thus relatively much smaller than in the

other two species. The sucker-ratio is 3: 5 in such a large

number of my specimens that [ am inclined to regard that as

fairly constant and more accurate than the ratio which Odhner

gives, namely 2:3. In some of my specimens it certainly

reaches 2 : 3, but in others it falls aslowas1:2. Both diver-

gences are probably due to contraction of one or other sucker.

‘The cesophagus is almost entirely absent. The genital sinus

extends back as far as the anterior border of the ventral

sucker ; the vesicula seminalis is bipartite, the anterior part

being muscular, the other not, and it is situated far behind

the ventral sucker (about + of the length of the soma). The

testes lie immediately behind the vesicula, and as the ovary

lies at about the same level as in Hemturus communis it follows

that the genital glands are closer together than in that

species.

Distomum sp.

From the rectum of Cyclopterus lumpus a small immature

Distome was obtained, the identity of which I have not been

able to determine. It was elongated, more pointed posteriorly

than in front, and measured about ‘5mm. The body was

entirely covered with spines. The oral sucker was slightly

larger than the ventral sucker; the latter situated rather

behind the middle of the body. Long prepharynx; small

pharynx; small round sac-like excretory vesicle *.

* A number of specimens of the same form, again immature, have

recently been found by my friend Mr. William Small. The species

apparently belongs to the genus Lepidapedon (Lepodora), but its identity

with either of the already known species of that genus is not evident.

Entozoa of British Marine Fishes, 23

Gasterostomum trigle, van Beneden. (PI. I. fig. 6.)

Numerous examples of this species were frequently obtained

in the intestine of Trigla gurnardus. ‘hey measured

1-3'5 mm. in length. A few immature specimens were also

resent under 1 mm. in length. Whether they are really

identical with the Gasterostomum trigle of van Beneden * is

doubtful.

The shape is somewhat more elongated than is usual in

the ae so that the breadth is only }—-} of the length. The

whole surface of the body, quite to the posterior end, is covered

with numerous spines. ‘l'hese are large and strong about

the middle part of the body, but decrease in size towards each

end and particularly towards the hinder end.

The anterior sucker is subterminal and comparatively large,

having a diameter of ‘23 mm. in a specimen 3 mm. long,

t, e. y's of the body-length. It has a thick rim, but a shallow

cavity. The posterior sucker (pharynx) is small and in-

significant, measuring only ‘12 mm., @. e. almost exactly half

the anterior sucker. It is round and is situated just behind

the middle point of the body.

The most characteristic feature of the species is entirely

omitted in van Beneden’s figure. This is a peculiar fan-

shaped structure surmounting and overhanging the anterior

sucker. ‘The upper surface of the structure is thrown into

five ridges, with depressions between, all radiating from a

point corresponding to the centre of the sucker. ‘These ridges

project over the dorsal edge of the structure and appear as

small symmetrically arranged papilla. The two corners of

the edge overhanging the sucker also appear to be raised as

papilla, but they are not so prominent. The structure is

thus seven-pointed, five of the points being dorsal and two

ventral, overhanging the sucker. In none of my specimens,

either in the living state or preserved, were tle papille much

extended, and indeed in some of them they were so small

as to be almost invisible. This latter fact may account for

van Beneden’s failing to observe them, ‘These papilla are

evidently homologous with the much more exaggerated

tentacle-like papilla of Gasterostomum fimbriatum,

‘The alimentary system consists of a short simple sac opening

from the posterior sucker and directed forwards.

‘Lhe testes are two fairly large round or oval bodies, situated,

one directly behind the other, on the right side of the body

and not far behind the posterior sucker. ‘lhe cirrus-pouchi is

* Mém. Ac. Roy. Belg. xxxviii. pl. iil. fig. 15.

24 On the Entozoa of British Marine F. ishes.

comparatively short, not extending further forward than the

middle of the posterior testis. Its structure does not appear

to differ from that in the other species of the genus.

The ovary is situated a little in front of the anterior testis

and almost on a level with the posterior sucker or even

slightly in front of it. It is about the same size as each testis

and is round or somewhat oval. The yolk-glands consist of

two separate lateral groups of follicles, extending from the

posterior sucker halfway towards the anterior sucker or a

little further forwards. The yolk-ducts run down on each

side and unite just behind the posterior sucker. The uterus

is very extensive, occupying the greater part of the body

from a short distance behind the anterior sucker. ‘The ova

are extremely numerous and for the most part of a rich

brownish-yellow colour; they are regularly ovoid and of

surprisingly uniform size, measuring *035—037 x ‘021-

"023 mm.

The above description agrees to a certain extent with van

Beneden’s figure ot Gasterostomum trigle. In his figure

the yolk-glands are rather far forward, the genital glands

are on the left side of the body, the anterior sucker is

elongated, and the structure surmounting the sucker is not

represented. The absence of this is sufficient to throw doubt

on the identification of my specimens with G. trigle, van Ben.,

for the structure is usually so prominent in my specimens

that it seems impossible that anyone could have missed seeing

it. On the other hand, the similarity in internal anatomy

and the fact that both come from the same host are suggestive

of their identity. Gasterostomum trigla, van Ben., can hardly

be considered a properly characterised species; all that

van Beneden gives is a figure with not a word of description.

It seems inadvisable, however, to create a new specific name

for my specimens from Trigla gurnardus; further research

will probably throw more light on their identity.

Gasterostomum gracilescens, Rud.

A large munber of immature specimens of this species were

found in the stomach of acod. ‘lhe latter is not regarded as

a final host of this species, although it functions as an inter-

mediate host for the encysted cercarie. Adult Gasterostoma

have never been found in it. The specimens under con-

sideration had probably come from some Gadoid fish ingested

by the cod, and it is doubtful if they would have attained

maturity in this host.

——

Descriptions and Records of Bees. 25

EXPLANATION OF PLATE L

The following letters apply to all the figures :—

BS. Ventral sucker. PG. Genital aperture.

CB. Cirrus-pouch, PP. Pars prostatica,

DR. Yolk-reservoir. T,, T,. Testes.

DSt. Yolk-glands. RS. Receptaculum seminis.

Ex, Excretory vesicle. Ut. Uterus.

J. Intestinal diverticula. Vg. Vagina.

KSt. Ovary. VS. Vesicula seminalis.

Ov. Ova.

Fig. 1. (Lebouria) alacris, Lss. Ventral view. x 50.

Fig. 2. Dihemistephanus lydia (Stoss.). Ventral view. x 45.

Fig. 3. Ditto. Head, dorsal aspect. x 105.

Fig. 4. Zoogonus rubellus (Olsson). Ventral view. x 75.

Fig. 5. Lecithaster gibbosus (Rud.). Ventral view. x 50.

Fig. 6. Gasterostomum trigla, vy. Ben. Ventral view. x 30. AS., an-

terior sucker. PS., posterior sucker.

1].—Deseriptions and Records of Bees —XX1.

By TI’. D. A. CockERELL, University of Colorado.

Agapostemon sulcatulus, sp. n.

3d .—Length 8 mm. or slightly over.

In Craw ford’s table (Pr. Nebraska Acad. Sci. 1901, p. 158)

it runs to EK, but does not resemble A. nasutus or A. rhopalo-

cera; except for the small size it runs to C, and runs out

because the head and thorax are brilliant green, not at all

blue, and the yellow band on the clypeus is without any sign

of a tooth or projection. Form slender ; scape black, with a

broad yellow stripe in front; flagellum dull ferruginous

beneath, black above. Wings perceptibly dusky, with a

yellow or orange tint ; stigma dull amber-colour, nervures

dark fuscous. Metathorax above shining and very coarsely

wrinkled, the area not defined ; posterior face with strong

sharp edges; first four trochanters yellow with a little black,

hind trochanters black. Legs yellow, a Jarge black patch on

apex of hind femora and a small spot on middle ones; middle

and hind tibiz with a black band on outer side and a dark

apical spot, anterior tibia with a du ky mark behind. Abdo-

men with five yellow dorsal bands, that on first segment

narrowed in the middle; venter with fuscous markings,

26 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

consisting of transverse bands on first four segments, dark

only on fourth, a large triangular area on fifth, and the

middle of sixth, the last being about evenly tripartite, the

sides yellow ; sixth segment with a delicate median sulcus on

its apical half.

A, viridulus also occurs at Malcolm (Oertel), but that

species has a keel instead of a sulcus on the last ventral

segment and is much larger; it also has the anterior femora

heavily marked with black behind, while in sulcatulus they

are entirely yellow. Compared with A. tevanus the new

species is smaller, with the stigma not so red, and the

markings on the legs and ventral surface of abdomen very

different. Compared with A. fasciatus it is separated by the

black basal half of the first abdominal segment, the colour of

the trochanters, &c.

Hab. Malcolm, Nebraska, September (Birkmann).

The bees of Malcolm, collected by Mr. Birkmann in Sep-

tember, include both eastern and western types, the former

preponderating. Some of the more interesting are :—Antho-

phora walshit, Cress. (at flowers of Salvia), Melissodes

boltonie, Rob., M/. vernonia, Rob., Tetralonia cressoniana,

Ckll., 9, var. with black flagellum (at flowers of Sulvia),

Megachile emoryi, Ckll., Panurginus prercet, Crawf.

Megachile mucida semimucida, subsp. n.

? .—Length about 15 mm.

Hair of head black, except some pale ochreous between

antenne and on front; of thorax above and at sides pale

ochreous, with a silky appearance, but on underside black; of

abdomen pale ochreous above on first segment and basal half

of second, otherwise, including the scopa, wholly black; hair

of legs black, more or less reddish on inner side of small

joints of tarsi; hind basitarsi broad and flat. Wings strongly

infuscated. Mandibles 3-dentate; clypeus very densely

punctured, with a median shining ridge, lower margin

shining and crenulate.

g .—Agrees well with Cresson’s description of I. mucida,

but the coxal spines are only moderately long, above each is

a large patch of fox-red pubescence ; the anterior femora are

pale yellowish suffused with red, marked with black apically.

Wings dusky throughout. Apical joint of antennz some-

what dilated and flattened.

There is a strong general resemblance to M. wootont and

its allies, but, among other things, the dense black hair on

Records of Bees. 27

upper outer edge of the tarsal boat-like scale is distinctive, as

also the rectangular notch at apex of abdomen. In the

female the wholly black ventral scopa, black hair of cheeks,

&e. are good characters.

Hab. Fedor, Lee County, Texas, March 27, 1909

(Birkmann).

Prosopis digitata fedorica, subsp. n.

3 .—Length about 4 mm.

Runs in my table of Prosopis (‘ Entomologist,’ 1898,

p- 186) to P. subdigitata, but differs as follows :—Supra-

clypeal mark large and broad, truncate and not at all rd

gated above ; lateral marks with the upward finger-process

very short, ending at same level as top of supraclypeal mark ;

sides of lateral marks forming an acute angle with orbit

above, the point where they leave the orbit being lower than

their upper edge mesad of the finger-like process ; scape with

a light yellow stripe; area of metathorax strongly rugose-

wrinkled in the basal middle, but otherwise nearly smooth

though dull, the sides very well defined by a curved sulcus.

Flagellum dull ferruginous beneath ; thorax wholly without

light markings ; markings of face very pale yellow. Wings

greyish, iridescent. Legs with the yellow rather more

extended than in P. digitata.

This is a southern member of the group of species or races

called P. digitata, subdigitata, and rudbeckie (see ‘ Psyche,’

June 1896, p. 31).

Hab, Fedor, Lee County, Texas, March 17, 1909 (Birk-

mann).

At the same time and place Mr. Birkmann took a variety

of P. georgica, Ckll., smaller than the type, with the face-

markings pale instead of bright yellow, and a black spot on

the hind tibiz within, This insect, which is easily known

from P. zizi@ and its allies by the very narrow lower part of

face, may stand as P. georgica, var. leeana, nov. The scape

is broad, with the anterior half light yellow. It is inter-

esting to find at one spot in Texas two forms of Prosopis, one

a modified representative of a Rocky Mountain group, the

other a variety or subspecies of a type belonging to the

South-eastern States. At the same time and place there also

occurred an example of P. say, Rob., a species characteristic

of the Northern States east of the plains,

28 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

Robertsonella crategina, sp. 0.

6 .—Length 74-8 mm.

Black, with white pubescence ; abdominal segments 1 to 4

with conspicuous white apical hair-bands, that on 1 broadly

interrupted ; segments 5 and 6 conspicuously hairy; six

ventral segments visible, the last strongly emarginate, the

second concave and shining, the third with a patch of white

hair on middle of apical margin.

This species is in nearly all respects like MM. gleasoni,

Titus, the only previously known member of the genus, but

is considerably larger, and the second recurrent nervure ends

much nearer to the apex of the second submarginal cell,

while the basal nervure fails to reach the transverso-medial.

The characteristic appearance of the face and antenne and

the fine sculpture are quite the same.

Hab. Lee County, ‘exas, March 15, 1907, and Fedor,

April 14, 1901 (Birkmann).

It occurred at flowers of Crategus.

Calliopsis coloratipes fedorensis, subsp. n.

2 .—Similar to C. coloratipes, but a little larger, and with

the disk of the first abdominal segment quite densely beset

with very minute punctures, very similar to those on the

second (in coloratipes this part is smooth and shining, with a

few scattered punctures). Eyes ochreous; clypeus with two

broad black bars, not reaching the summit; lateral face-

marks ending in a point above, their upper inner margin

wavy; dog-ear marks represented by small spots; hair of

vertex and thorax above pale fulvous.

I should consider this a distinct species were not the forms

of the C. coloradensis group so variable. ‘The insect is

superficially very much like the S.-American Parafriesia

printt (Holmbg.).

Hab. Fedor, Texas, Sept. 21, 1897 (Birkmann).

At Fedor Mr. Birkmann also takes (April, June) C. an-

dreniformis, Smith; the females rather large and less dis-

tinctly banded than usual.

Panurginus polytrichus, sp. n.

¢ .—Length about 6 mm.

Black, head and thorax densely clothed with coarse dull

whitish hair ; thorax without light markings; pale colour of

face confined to clypeus, which is broad, shining, and very

pale yellowish, a sort of ivory tint; labrum and mandibles

apap

Records of Bees. 29

black ; head broad; antenn rather short and stout, flagellum

bright ferruginous beneath except at extreme base and apex ;

mesothorax and scutellum shining, rather feebly punctured ;

area of metathorax rugose basally; tegule shining pale

reddish, fuscous anteriorly. Wings only faintly dusky,

strongly iridescent, nervures and stigma ferruginous ; first

recurrent nervure meeting first transverse cubital or entering

extreme base of second submarginal cell. Legs black, all the

tarsi pale reddish, anterior tibiz in front and mark on ante-

rior knees pale yellow. Abdomen broad for a male, black, the

hind margins of the segments broadly testaceous; sixth

ventral segment broadly emarginate, the angles dentiform.

Compared with P. cressoniellus, Ckll., this is easily distin-

guished by the larger head, broad clypeus, pallid tegul, and

other characters. Compared with P. verus, CkIl., it differs

conspicuously by the shorter antenna, red stigma, and other

features. From P. malvastri, Sw. & CkIl., it is easily known

by its smaller size, pallid clypeus, &c.

Hab. Fedor, Texas, April 16, 1903 (Birkmann) ; also

Lee Co., ‘T’exas, April 10 (Birkmann).

Neopasites eamia, sp. 0.

3 .—Length 6 mm.

Very robust; head and thorax very densely punctured,

black, with only the mandibles and tubercles red ; pale scale-

like pubescence as usual; eyes very pale purplish grey ;

flagellum bright ferruginous beneath; scutellum moderately

bigibbous ;_ tegule bright orange-ferruginous. Wings

dusky, nervures and stigma black, first r. n. meeting first

t.-c. Knees, anterior and middle tibia, hind tibiw at extreme

base and apex, and anterior tarsi all red; middle tarsi

reddish. Abdomen broad, of a fine deep red colour, the

segments with a transverse median black cloud, practically

absent on the first, becoming stronger towards the apex, and

involving practically the whole of the sixth ; apical plate

large ; pale pubescence forming subdorsal patches, but the

spotting is not nearly so conspicuous as in NV. pulchellus

(Cress.).

Nearest to N. heliopsis (Rob.), but easily distinguished by

the very robust form and the much redder abdomen.

Hab. Lee County, Texas, May 1908 (Birkmann).

Stelis birkmanni, sp. n.

3 .—Length about 6 mm.

Rather robust, black, with no light markings on the head,

30 Descriptions and Records of Bees.

thorax, or legs, but with very pale yellowish (ivory-coloured)

bands, very slightly interrupted in the middle, on the first

five abdominal segments; spurs dark. Wings infuscated,

violaceous in the marginal cell and beyond, outer marginal

field with crimson and green irilescence.

This looks almost exactly like Microstel’s feederalis (Smith),

but differs in several important characters, as follows:—

Second recurrent nervure meeting second transverse cubital ;

apex of third ventral segment with a median, oval, shining,

button-like tubercle; band on first abdominal segment

scarcely or not interrupted; flagellum entirely black.

Hab. Lee County, Texas, April 10, at flowers of Phacelia ;

collected by the Rev. G. Birkmann.

Osmia botitena, sp. n.

? .—Length about 9 mm.

Rather robust, bluish green; head and thorax densely

punctured, abdomen less densely; clypeus normal, rather

projecting ; mandibles 3-dentate ; antenne and tegule black.

Wings broadly pale reddish smoky in marginal cell and on

cuter margin. Legs black, more or less tinged with blue-

green, the anterior femora behind brilliantly coloured; hair

on inner side of hind basitarsus pale orange ; hair of head

and thorax white; abdomen subfasciate, with white hair at

sides of first two segments ; ventral scopa yellowish white.

Closely related in all respects to O. subfasciata, Cresson

(which I have from Plano, Texas, collected in June by

Mr. E. 8. Tucker), but the abdomen is conspicuously broader

and the punctures on the posterior segments are not large and

coarse as they are in subfasciata. In both the basal nervure

falls a trifle short of the transverso-medial. The head in

O. botitena is somewhat broader than long ; in subfasciata the

reverse is the case. Compared with O. conjuncta, Cresson,

the new species is larger and much greener, with the abdomen

longer and more strongly punctured. Compared with

O. pumila it is larger, more brightly coloured, and has the

second and third abdominal segments conspicuously con-

stricted near the base, which is not at all the case in pumila.

Hab. Lee County, Texas, April 23, 1906 (Birkmann,

no. 99).

The name botitena (from the Malay) has reference to the

white ventral scopa.

Le)

On Crustacea from Scottish Waters. 31

Augochlora sumptuosa bolliana, subsp. n.

9 .—Compared with true A. sumptuosa, Sm. (Florida,

Robertson), the ‘Texan form is smaller (anterior wing 7 mm.)

and bluer, with the tarsi dark; hair on outer side of hind

basitarsi blackish, on inner side not brightly coloured ; basal

area of metathorax longer, not so well defined, rather coarsely

granular ; head smaller and rounder, The abdomen has a

dullish satiny surface, and the vibrissz are very short, white,

and inconspicuous. Hind spur pectinate, with few teeth.

Probably this will be separated as a distinct species when

the males are known,

Hab. Lee County, Texas, June, 2 9 (Birkmann),

Named after the well-known collector who first took

A, sumptuosa in Texas.

I1I.—On new and rare Crustacea from Scottish Waters.

By Tuomas Scorr, LL.D., F.L.S.

[Plates II. & HL.)

Tue Crustacea described here were obtained in collections

made by the fishery steamer ‘ Goldseeker’ while carrying on

work in the North Sea and adjacent waters under the direc-

tion of Professor d’Arcy W. Thompson, C.B., F.L.S., the

representative for Scotland on the International Committee.

I am indebted to Professor Thompson for permission to

publish these notes.

AMPHIPODA.

Genus EvstroGENEs, Stebbing, 1904.

Eustrogenes propinquus, sp.n. (PI. II. figs. 1-9.)

The genus Eustrogenes was established by the Rev. T. R. R.

Stebbing in the year 1904 for an Amphipod which, while it

agreed generally with Husirus, Kroyer, differed in some

important points, and among others in the structure of the

gnathopoda *,

The form recorded here, of which only a damaged specimen

was obtained, agrees very well with the characters by which

* T. R. R. Stebbing, “On Biscayan Plankton,” Trans. Linn. Soe.

ser. 2, Zool. vol. x. p. 15, pl. 2a (Nov. 1904).

32 Dr. T. Scott on new and rare

Eusirogenes is distinguished, and I think undoubtedly belongs

to that genus; but, as indicated below, it differs in some

respects from the species described by Mr. Stebbing. Un-

fortunately Hustrogenes dolichocarpus, Stebbing, like the

form mentioned here, was described from a single damaged

specimen, and the author was unable to give so full a descrip-

tion of it as would have been desirable. Had the specimens

in both cases been perfect, other differences besides those

referred to might have been noticed.

In the specimen now recorded the cephalon was very

imperfect and both pairs of antenne were gone.

The mandibles, maxille, and maxillipeds, as shown by the

drawings, are somewhat similar in structure to the same

appendages in £. dolichocarpus.

The gnathopods are unequal in size, the first pair being

somewhat larger than the second. In the first pair the basal

joint is elongated and tapers towards the distal end, where

it is only half as wide as at the proximal end; this joint is

furnished with a few moderately long and slender bristles.

The third and fourth joints are short. The carpus or fifth

joint is elongated and slender, its length is equal to about

four-fifths of that of the second joint ; the superior margin of

the joint is nearly straight, while the lower curves downward

from both ends to form a small triangular process, the apex

of which is rather nearer the proximal than the distal extre-

mity and bears one or two moderately long and slender

bristles. The distal half of the lower margin forms a shallow

concavity to receive the large propodos when folded back

upon the carpal joint. The propodos is about twice as long

as broad, and with the outer and inner edges nearly parallel ;

the outer edge or palm terminates below in a distinct though

small angular projection, from which springs a moderately

long and stout spine; the dactylus is long and slender,

slightly curved and finely serrated on the inner edge (fig. 4).

The second pair of gnathopods, though smaller than the first,

are somewhat similar to them in structure; in this pair,

however, the second joint is narrow, with the margins nearly

parallel, and provided with a number of marginal bristles ;

the carpal joint is rather longer than the second, and the

bristles at the apex of the triangular process of the lower

margin are more numerous; the propodos also differs from

that of the first pair in that it expands and becomes rather

wider posteriorly (fig. 5).

The remaining pereiopods were imperfect, but appeared to

be all elongated and slender as in E. dolichocarpus. ‘he

coxal plates of the gnathopods and of the first and second

Crustacea from Scottish Waters. 33

pereiopods are slightly notched near the lower front angle, as

shown in the drawing (fig. 5).

The last pair of epimeral plates are broadly rounded and

have the posterior margin finely serrated (fig. 8). Uropoda

imperfect.

elson moderately elongated, the length being about twice

the width at the proximal end, and tapering to the somewhat

pointed but slightly cleft apex (fig. 9).

Hab. Station 53 (lat. 59° 36’ N., long. 70° 0’ W.), 1140

metres deep, Aug. 17th, 1906.

Remarks.—The specimen now recorded has a close general

resemblance to 2, dolichocarpus, but as it differs from that

species in one or two points, I am inclined for the present to

regard it as a separate though closely allied species, In

LE. dolichocarpus the postero-lateral angles of the third pleon

segment (the last pair of epimeral plates) “are smoothly

rounded, not serrate.” In the ‘ Goldseeker’ specimen the

postero-lateral angles are also rounded, but the lateral

margin is distinctly serrate. Moreover, in £. dolichocarpus

the stem of the fifth joint of the second gnathopods is con-

siderably wider than that of the first pair and is nearly two

and a half times as long as the part which forms the cup for

the propodos, whereas in the ‘ Goldseeker ’ specimen the stem

of the fifth joint of the second pair, which differs little from

that of the first, scarcely equals in length the part that forms

the propodal cup.

Genus Parascina, Stebbing, 1904.

Parascina fowleri, Stebbing. (Pl. II. figs. 10-16;

Pl. ILI. figs. 16, 17.)

1904. Parascina fowleri, Stebbing, “ Biscayan Plankton,” Trans, Linn.

Soe. ser. 2, Zool. vol. x. p. 21, pl. 2B.

One or two specimens of this species occurred in the same

gathering in which the Lusirogenes recorded above was

obtained. Parascina has a general resemblance to Seina,

but differs distinctly in the form of the first and second

maxillz and the maxillipeds and in the structure of the fifth

air of thoracic legs.

- The two pairs of maxille consist of broad lamelliform

plates, fringed with numerous fine hairs aud furnished also

with several marginal spines, as shown in figs. 11 and 12,

Pl. 11, The maxillipeds consist of two large hemispherical

plates, the inner margins ‘of which are nearly straight, while

the opposite margins are broadly and evenly rounded but

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 3

34 Dr. T. Scott on new and rare

with a shallow notch near the distal end; the inner margins

and the distal end of the outer margins are fringed with

moderately stout bristles. The inner plates, though also

moderately large, are smaller than the outer ones; their

outline is subtriangular, with the distal end broad and evenly

but not very boldly rounded, and with a minute tooth-like

process near the outer angle; the distal margin is also

densely fringed with fine hairs; these inner plates are

situated one behind the other on the same side as shown in

the drawing (fig. 16, PJ. I1I.), and it is interesting to notice

that Mr. Stebbing, in the work referred to above, shows these

plates arranged in the same way as described here, which

therefore probably is the normal position of them in this

species—a position that does not seem to be usual among the

Amphipoda.

The first and second gnathopoda are nearly alike, and

they are both unprovided with chele. The end-joint bears

three apical spines, the middle one being twice or three times

longer than that on either side (figs. 13 & 14, Pl. I1.).

In the fifth pair of thoracic legs (the third pair if the

gnathopods are not counted) the basal joint is not armed with

marginal teeth as in Scina, nor is the distal end produced

into a spiniform process.

The third pair of uropods are moderately stout; the inner

branch is about as long as the basal joint, the outer margin

of this branch and the inner margin of the outer branch are

both finely serrated. Telson small, subovate.

Parascina fowlert has also been recorded by Chevreux

and Tattersall. Its occurrence at ‘Goldseeker’ Station 53

extends its distribution northwards considerably.

Genus CystosoMa, Guérin-Méneville.

Cystosoma spinosum (Fabr.).

A small specimen of Cystosoma scarcely 20 mm. in length

was obtained in a gathering collected by the ‘ Goldseeker’ in

August 1907 at a depth of a little over 500 metres in lat.

60° 31' N., long. 3° 53! W., that is in the Faroe-Shetland

Channel, but nearer Shetland than Faroe. A slight dorsal

ridge extends from the cephalon to the base of the telson.

Each segment has the posterior margin denticulate; the

median dorsal tooth is of moderate size, but the other denticles

are small, and they are more numerous on the margins of the

pereion-segments. ‘I'he specimen is devoid of colour and

almost transparent, ‘Tattersall records this species from

Crustacea from Scottish Waters. 35

“50 miles N. by W. of Eagle Island, Co. Mayo.” One

female 50 mm. was obtained at 700 fathoms*. Rev. T.R.R.

Stebbing remarks that Cystosoma has species which combine

a length of 4 or 5 inches with the respectable breadth and

depth of an inch in the amplest part of the head ft. The

specimen from the Faroe-Shetland Channel, judged by

dimensions like these, must be regarded as “ small.”

COPEPODA-CALANOIDA,

Genus PSEUDOTHARYBIS, T’. Scott.

Pseudotharybis dubius, sp. n. (2).

(Pl. ILL. tigs. 1-15.)

Body moderately stout, forehead rounded, rostrum small,

last thoracic segment scarcely produced and rounded at the

sides, abdomen and caudal rami short.

Antennule on the (?) left { side composed of twenty-four

joints, the first two stout, other joints small, but the eighth

and the penultimate joints are rather longer than the others.

The (?) right antennule is composed of eighteen joints, but is

otherwise somewhat similar to the left; both are provided

with several short sensory filaments (figs. 2 & 3).

Antenne with the inner ramus considerably shorter than

the outer, as in Tharybis, G. O. Sars.

Mandibles with the masticatory end truncated and armed

with strong teeth, and the palp is moderately large and two-

branched. Maxille nearly as in Tharybis.

First maxillipeds jd but armed with two moderately

strong spiniform sete and a number of stout bristles (fig. 8).

Second maxillipeds somewhat similar to those of Tharybis,

but the first basal joint is furnished with stout, curved, spini-

form setz on the inner distal angle in addition to several

bristles (fig. 9).

In the first pair of swimming-feet the spines on the outer

distal angles of the first and second joints of the outer

branches are long and slender, The exterior marginal spines

on the outer branches of the other three pairs are also mode-

rately elongated, while the terminal spines are nearly one and

* “Pelagic Amphipoda of the Irish Atlantic Slope,” Fisheries, Ireland

Sci. Invest. 1905, iv. (1906) p. 17.

+ ‘A History of Crustacea,’ p. 30.

{ The antennules were dissected off and mounted ere the difference

between them was observed, and there is some doubt as to which is right

and which is left,

‘BG On Crustacea from Scottish Waters.

a half times the length of the joint to which they are articu-

lated (figs. 10-13).

Fifth pair of thoracic feet short, moderately stout, and

slightly asymmetrical (fig. 14). The inner distal angle of

the penultimate joint becomes in the one ramus a small

papilliform process, but not in the other. The end joints of

both rami are furnished with a small spine near the middle of

the outer margin and with three unequal terminal spines,

the two inner spines being large and stout, and the outer as

shown in the drawing.

Hab. Station 53 (lat. 59° 36’ N., long. 7° 00’ W.), 1140

metres, Aug. 17th, 1907. No males observed.

Remarks.—This species, like Pseudotharybis zetlandicus,

T. Scott, has a moderately close resemblance to Tharybis,

G. O. Sars; but the structure of the fifth pair of thoracic

feet in the female differs considerably and the first maxillipeds

are also devoid of sensory filaments. The species now

described also differs from P. zet/andicus in several respects,

d. é. in the asymmetrical antennules, in the armature of the

second maxillipeds and of the first and fifth pairs of thoracic

feet. One or two other though perhaps less prominent

differences might be mentioned, but those referred to are

sufficient to distinguish the present species from that pre-

viously described.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES *,

Prats IL

Eusirogenes propinquus, sp. 0.

Fig. 1. Mandible and palp. 2. Second maxilla. 3. Maxillipeds. 4. First

gnathopod. 5. Second gnathopod. 6 & 7. First and second

pereiopods, 8. Last epimeral plate. 9. Telson.

Parascinus forvleri, Stebbing.

Fig. 10. Upper antenna. 11. First maxilla. 12. Second maxilla.

13. First gnathopod. 14. Second gnathopod. 15. First

pereiopod. 16. Third pereiopod.

PuatE III,

Pseudotharybis dubius.

Fig. 1. Female, side view. 2.(?) Right antennule. 3. (?) Left an-

tennule. 4. Antenna. 5 & 6. Mandible and palp. 7. Max-

illa. 8. First maxilliped. 9. Second maxilliped. 10. One of

first pair of swimming-feet. 11. One ofsecond pair. 12. One

ofthird pair. 13, One of fourth pair. 14. Fifth pair. 15, Ab-

domen.

Parascina fowleri, Stebbing.

Fig. 16. Maxillipeds. 17. Last pair of uropods and telson.

* The figures are drawn with a “Zeiss” camera and are all enlarged.

On some common Crinoid Names. 37

1V.—Some common Crinoid Names, and the Fixation of

Nomenclature. By F. A. Batuer, M.A., D.Sc., F.RLS.

In his paper “The Genus Enerinus” (Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. (8) ui. pp. 308-310, March 1909) Mr. Austin Hobart

Clark opens with such pointed reference to my previous

attempts at fixing the nomenclature of the crinoid genera

involved that silence on my part might seem discourteous, or

else to imply that I accepted all Mr. Clark’s statements

without demur. Since Mr. F. Springer has also taken up

the question in an admirable paper (‘A new American

Jurassic Crinoid,” Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxxvi. pp. 170-190,

pl. iv., 3rd March, 1909), I am at last persuaded to publish

the following comments.

Mr. Clark makes the criticism that the name Jsocrinus is

not, as I said (1898), due to H. v. Meyer, but to L. Agassiz.

He writes (1909, March, p. 808) :—“‘ Jsocrinus was first

erwed in 1836 (L. Agassiz, Mém. de Soc. de Sci. Nat. de

euchatel, i. p. 195, type Lsocrinites pendulus, de (sic) Meyer,

1835, nomen nudum,=Zsocrinus pendulus, von Meyer.” I

do not know whence Mr, Clark obtained either the spelling

*“* Tsocrinites”’ or the date “1835.” In the British Museum

copy of the memoir cited the words are “ J. pendulus H. de M.

(encore inédit.).”? Therefore, until v. Meyer (1837) published

his description of J. pendulus, Isocrinus had no genotype,

while its diagnosis was inadequate and incorrect: “ ‘Trés-

voisin des Pentacrines, dont il a la tige avec ses rayons

simples. Les premiers articles des rayons du disque ne

font pas saillie comme dans le genre Pentacrinus; en

revanche, la partie supérieure de la tige est plus développée.”

But, apart from all this, Agassiz definitely assigned thie

name IJsocrinus to “ H. de Meyer,” and was no doubt

attempting to condense manuscript information supplied

by that author. Had it not been for von Meyer’s own

paper (1837) the name Jsocrinus would never have come up

for discussion. How the generic name may be written and

quoted by others is a matter of small importance. But the

foregoing are the facts of the case.

Mr. Clark seems to hint at further ignorance on my part

in reference to the names Balanocrinus and Metacrinus.

He says “Ba/anocrinus is not available for any genus of

Pentacrinitide.” It is admitted on p. 247 of my paper

(1898) that “ De Loriol has perhaps strained a point” ; “ but,”

I add, “ nothing would be gained by contesting his action.”

The facts are these:—The name Balanocrinus occurs first in

38 Dr. F. A. Bather on some

Desor (1845, Bull. Soc. Sci. nat. Neuchatel, i. p. 214) for

“ Pentacrines ayant la face articulaire des anneaux de la tige

crénelée sur son pourtour. Jusqu’ici on ne connaissait que

des fragments de tiges de ce type. On en avait méme

distingué plusieurs espéces, les Pentacrinus subteres Miinst.

et P. pentagonalis Gldf.; mais on n’avait aucune idée des

calices. M. Agassiz vient de découvrir, parmi les Crinoides

du Musée de Bale, un calice en forme de gland, dont la base

présente une articulation tout-A-fait semblable a celle du

Pentacrinus subteres. Ce savant en a fait un genre a part,

sous le nom de Balanocrinus, et il pense qu’on devra lui

associer toutes les tiges qui présentent ce mode d’articulation.”

Is it not perfectly clear that, had the matter rested here, we

should have been bound to adopt Balanocrinus Desor ex

Agassiz MS., with genotype either B. subteres or B. penta-

gonalis? This, as it happens, is precisely what we all have

done, the former species being taken as genotype. Why

then does Mr, Clark say we are wrong? Because, as

de Loriol has told us (1879, ‘ Crin, foss. Suisse,’ pp. 163,

175, and 1888, ‘ Paléont. frane. Crin. jurass.’ p. 295), the

“‘calice en forme de gland” proved to be nothing but a stem-

fragment of Millericrinus (? M. mattheyi), swollen owing to

the attacks of a parasite. But this fragment, being neither

described nor named by Agassiz, afforded no species to serve

as genotype. It is true that the supposed discovery of a

calyx led Agassiz to found his genus; but this quotation

from Desor shows that the diagnostic character was derived

trom the joint-face of the stem. Clearly Agassiz thought he

was dealing with a Pentacrinus subteres, and that species, if

any, would have been his genotype. ‘To try to avoid the

natural conclusions from these undisputed facts requires more

than legal subtlety and brings no advantage to anybody.

“ Metacrinus,” says Mr. Clark quite correctly, “ was first

diagnosed in 1882.” I did not in 1898 give any other date,

or any date at all, since I was not discussing Metacrinus. I

did, however, take from the paper to which he refers (P. H.

Carpenter, 1882, Bull. Mus, Comp. Zool. Harvard, x. p. 167)

a statement as to the origin of thename. It may, nevertheless,

be pointed out that Carpenter’s reference to Metacrinus in

that paper (1882) was rather in the nature of a passing

allusion to Wyville Thomson’s MS. name, and that no

species was then described or even mentioned by name.

Therefore in the Echinoderma volume of the ‘ Treatise on

Zoology ’ (1900) it seemed more useful to refer the student

to the complete description in the ‘Challenger’ Report of

1884.

common Crinoid Names. 39

Mr. Clark’s statements concerning the name LEncrinus

involve more serious questions. Passing over various writers

after 1758, he stops at Blamenbach (1779, ‘ Handb. d. Natur-

geschichte ’), and finds that the name must be applied to the

ordinary Pentacrinus asteria, which is now generally called

Isocrinus by writers on crinoids. ‘This may be the correct

inference, but it seems hard that the absurdity should have

to be fathered on Blumenbach. That eminent naturalist

professed to be writing a manual for the elementary student

and the amateur rather than a complete systematic treatise,

and in dealing with the recent Echinoderma, or Cartilaginea

as he called them, he used only the commonly known names,

Echinus, Asterias, and Encrinus. Had he been asked why

he referred the Iss asteria of Linneus to Encrinus, he would

doubtless have replied in the words of John Ellis (1762, Phil.

Trans. lii. p. 358), “ As it comes nearest to the fossils called

encrini, or lilii lapidei [sic], 1 shall keep that name, and call

it Encrinus, etc.” But in the second part of the same work,

in the Abschnitt ‘ Von den Versteinerungen,’ we find “ Die

Encriniten und Pentacriniten”’ quite clearly distinguished,

and it was with the latter alone that Blumenbach compared

his Encrinus asteria. A few years later (1790, Voigt’s Mag.

f. d. neueste a. d. Physik, vi. Heft 4, pp. 1-17) he was severe

on Holimann for having confused” Pentacrinus with En-

erinus, Since the days of Lachmund (1669) the name

Fncrinus had been in constant use for the Lilium lapideum

of the Muschelkalk, and it cannot be supposed that Blumen-

bach had the smallest intention of diverting it from this well-

known use. To preserve this older meaning, however, we

are compelled by the modern rules of nomenclature to find

some instance of its application before 1779 and after 1758.

Mr. Springer (1909) and Mr. A. H. Clark (1908, Proc.

U.S. Nat. Mus. xxxiv. p. 517) both refer to Enerinus coral-

loides Andres (1763), but both have had the misfortune to

quote Andres incorrectly though diversely. The figures

actually referred to by Andre represent stem-fragments that

cannot, in my opinion, be referred with certainty to any

species or genus. If this is to be the basis of Hncrinus, the

name will simply disappear from actual use. ‘To rescue it,

-something earlier and more intelligible must be sought for.

The desired application seemed to have been found in

C. F. Schulze (1760, ‘ Betrachtung d. versteinerten See-

sterne’) ; but Mr. Clark asks why I should take this and not

take Schulze’s Decacnimos, Polyactinis, and Triscadecacnimos

instead of the later Antedon and Actinometra. ‘The simplest

answer to this is that, whereas I have had occasion to go fully

40 Dr. F. A. Bather on some

into the history of Encrinus, I have made no serious attempt

to deal with Antedon and Actinometra. Had I proceeded to

the task of subdividing those genera—a task which I fore-

shadowed in the ‘ Annals’ in 1891, but which has now been

accomplished by Mr. Clark—then I should have attempted

to revise the nomenclature. So far as possible I leave names

alone until the need for publishing new facts involves more

precise definition or discrimination.

Another reason is that in the case of Encrinus there is no

possible room for doubt as to Schulze’s meaning, because he

gives excellent figures of the fossil usually known as En-

crinus liliiformis. In the case of the other names few would

be bold enough to say definitely to which species each of

them refers.

But perhaps the truest reason is that I have long been

aware of the facts recounted in Mr. Clark’s paper and of

others given in the more complete history just published by

Mr. F. Springer (1909), and I saw that terrible difficulties

would arise if Schulze’s Encrinus were not accepted. Over-

whelmed by the thought, I clutched at the first obvious straw,

letting the rest of the bundle drift whither it would.

Of course I am prepared to accept the contention of those

who have recently examined the work of Schulze (viz. A. H.

Clark, 1908, “The Nomenclature of the Recent Crinoids,”

Proc. U.S. National Mus. xxxiv. 435-542; W. K. Fisher,

1908, ‘‘ Necessary Changes in the Nomenclature of Starfishes,”

Smithson. Miscell. Coll. Quart. lii. 87-93; F. Springer,

1909, op. cit.; and others), and to admit that his names are

not always binomial. Someare, but others are not. Binomial

nomenclature was in the air, and to writers after 1758 I have

generally given the benefit of the doubt. I did not pretend

that Schulze used Hncrinus with any trivial name attached,

but I took the generic name alone, and as there was never

any doubt to what it referred, it still seems to me as well

established as, say, Isocrinus Agassiz, 1836, or Metacrinus

Carpenter, 1882, both of them introduced in a similar manner

(7. e. the names quoted from others), but without any

described or figured species by which their far less complete

or even less correct diagnoses could be interpreted. Except

on the purely pedantic and arbitrary criterion of a consistent

use of binomial nomenclature, Encrinus Schulze certainly has

the advantage.

But, after all, nothing will ultimately be gained by blinking

facts or seeking to escape from rules. Suppose we give u

Schulze and face the consequences, of which Mr. Clark only

shows us a few, but which, as Mr. Springer points out, are

common Crinoid Names. 41

many and disastrous whatever other solution we attempt.

Then, much as I admire the learned argument and legal skill

with which Mr. Springer invokes the doctrine of prescription,

I consider that there is a danger in the introduction of such

a principle as lapse of time. Who is to decide what period

shall be set? And in such a case as the present it might be

urged that the use of Encrinus from Blumenbach to Lamarck

should be weighed against the subsequent use from the days

of J. S. Miller. When once rational argument is admitted

to such a dispute the controversy may go on for ever. The

simplest solution of the gordian knot was given once for all

by Alexander. Let us dare on occasion to be no less

arbitrary. But it will never do for each to act according to

his own idea of what is “common sense,” if only because

sense in these matters never is common to all. The only

possible alternative to strict following of rules is that

zoologists should agree to accept as final the decision of some

authority by them appointed. ‘I'he vehicle for such authority

already exists in the Nomenclature Committee of the Inter-

national Zoological Congress, the only body that has any

claim to represent either all branches of zoology or all

nationalities.

If I may indicate a convenient form of procedure, I would

suggest that those zoologists who wish to protect certain names

should lay the complete facts of the case before the Committee,

and should accompany their request for the retention of

certain definite names in defiance of the Rules by the signa-

tures of as many workers on the group affected as they can

obtain. Due announcement of the proposed step should be

made in certain widely circulated SN ng and a reasonable

time should be allowed for the reception of protests. The

Committee should ultimately give its decision, and this

decision should be published in the aforesaid journals, A

summary of the labours of the Committee in this direction

would of course be given from time to time in the publications

of the International Zoological Congress.

Some of my zoological colleagues appear to mistrust the

Nomenclature Committee of the International Congress.

Should their opinion be widely shared, it might prove that

zoologists at large would not agree beforehand to submit to

the ruling of that Committee. As an alternative body, the

International Congress of Academies may be suggested.

This at present does not appear to number among its repre-

sentatives many zoologists familiar with the problems of

nomenclature, but it could no doubt appoint a committee

with the necessary qualifications.

42 Mr. R. Kirkpatrick on

The precise style or mode of appointment of the desired

authority does not greatly matter if only zoologists will agree

to accept it. But that it should consist of experts will doubt-

less be conceded. The ruling may be arbitrary, but it must

none the less be made with knowledge of all the circum-

stances of the case and of the results that will follow from it.

Tt must be clearly understood that the decision is to be made,

not because it is in accordance with the rules, but because it

is to produce practical convenience.

There is nothing particularly novel in these proposals. A

similar one was made in ‘ Natural Science’ for April and

May 1896 (pp. 218-220, 302), but though “regarded with

favour in various influential quarters,” nothing has yet been

done to give it effect. And even the recent discussion at the

British Association, though unanimous in its resolutions, has

so far been barren inits results. The next steps appear to be,

first to find out whether a sufficient number of leading zoolo-

gists are in favour of these proposals, the next to approach

whichever of the two bodies mentioned may be agreed upon,

with a request that it will undertake this added responsibility.

This would be better done by some society or some group of

naturalists than by a single worker known only to a few.

Perhaps the British Association would appoint a small

committee to collect opinions and formulate the request.

P,S.—To prevent misconception, it may be added that this

paper was written before the receipt of Mr. Springer’s widely

distributed appeal. He, however, deals only with a particular

question, capable, as I have here shown, of various answers,

My object is to press for a solution of the general question.

V.—WNotes on Merlia normani, Kirkp.

By R. Kirkpatrick.

Pror. WELTNER, to whom I had sent, at his request, some

specimens of Merlia normani which I had dredged up off

Porto Santo Island, has recently published a notice * entitled

“Yst Merlia normani Kirkp. ein Schwamm?”

The pressure of other work prevents me from giving here

a full description of Merlia adequately illustrated; nor am I

yet able to answer the question “‘ What is Merlia? ’’—this

inability partly being due, 1 think I may fairly say, to the

* Archiv fur Naturg. 75 Jahrg, 1 Bd., 1 Heft, 1909, p. 139.

Merlia normani, Kirkp. 43

nature of the organism itself; but, nevertheless, I beg to offer

a few preliminary observations on the subject.

Towards the end of last year, Canon Norman sent me four

little dried incrusting Polyzoa-like specimens which had

been detached from a small mass of rock hooked up by a

fisherman from 60 fathoms off Porto Santo Island. ‘The

specimens were covered with a yellow pellicle showing little

conical prominences.

Below the pellicle was a white reticulate pattern with

small sety sonal meshes, and with little tubercles rising from

the nodes of the network; a few larger meshes present

appeared to have resulted from fusion of two smaller ones.

A vertical section revealed a series of vertical tubes divided

up by horizontal perforate partitions, the vertical walls being

imperforate, but having longitudinal sutures. A surface

view in balsam showed three flanges radiating out from below

each tubercle to meet similar ones trom neighbouring tubercles,

a suture separating the opposing flanges ; further, I found

what seemed to me to be a tuning-fork spicule with parallel

tuberculated prongs (and therefore unlike a boring Achlya)

imbedded in one of the tabule (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8)

ii. 1908, pl. xv. figs. 13, 14, 18). In the uppermost “ cells”

of this calcareous framework were bundles of very slender

tylote spicules and rhaphide-like oxeas.

When acid was applied to the small scrap that could be

spared, either these spicules were not included in the particle

used for investigation, or they were washed away. I con-

cluded * that the honeycomb structure had been made by a

sponge; and my opinion was strengthened later when I

came across a wonderful— and indubitable—Pharetron sponge

with a dermal armour composed of large thick calcareous

plates or scales with tuning-fork spicules imbedded in them.

Partly in the hope of getting living specimens of Merlia,

1 decided to ME a winter vacation in Madeira and the

neighbourhood. In January, accompanied by Senhor A. C.

de Noronha, I visited Porto Santo Island. After dredging

for nine days we succeeding in finding specimens of Merlia

in 60 fathoms off the islet of Cima, near Porto Santo.

The living specimens were always in the form of little

patches or crusts, about a centimetre, more or less, in area,

and of a bright vermilion colour. ‘The crust was quite

smooth at first, and nothing else was seen but the smooth

bright patch of colour ; but very soon the surface sank a little,

nd the tubercles and white network of the calcareous frame-

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, (8) ii. 1908, p. 510.

44 Mr. R. Kirkpatrick on

work became visible. On breaking a crust, the appearance

presented was that of little square blocks of reddish-orange

jelly in white porcelain-like “ cells ’’ or pots superposed one

above the other, in from two to six storeys.

On examining the first thin sections made from a specimen

decalcified by dropping alive into Flemming’s solution, I

realized that Merlia included siliceous as well as calcareous

elements in its composition, A specimen decalcified whole

presents a curious appearance, viz., of numerous closely

packed but separate moniliform cylinders, about a millimetre

or more in length, hanging down from a flat lamina. The

lamina and the bulk of the layer of beads in the plane just

below it compose the ectosome and choanosome of a siliceous

sponge. All below the first layer is composed of hollow

cylindrical cell-masses separated by very deep constrictions,

and joined each to each merely by a narrow thread of tissue

which had passed through the central hole, which is often,

though not always, present in each tabula. The cells com-

posing these masses are large, elongated, usually pyriform or

fusiform cells applied like an epithelium, two or three cells

deep, to the surface of the cavities of the calcareous honey-

comb. A measured cell was 41 yw long, 10 w broad at the inner

end, and 3°5 uw broad at the outer end next the calcareous wall ;

the clear nucleus was 3°5 uw in diameter, and almost concealed

by the crowd of deeply stained spheroidal granules each about

1 win diameter. Above, it was stated that the bulk of the

uppermost layer of “beads” was composed of ordinary sponge-

tissue ; at the base of each of these upper beads is a layer

of the large elongated cells, which rested on the upper surface

of the highest tabula. ,

A surface view of a decalcified specimen shows, below

the ectosome, node-like masses of soft tissue joined to each

other by 5-7 radiating spokes; the nodes are the sponge-

masses which dip into the upper spaces of the honeycomb,

and the radii consist mainly of flagellated chambers lying

between the surface-tubercles of the calcareous framework,

the clear spaces between the radii being the gaps left by the

dissolved tubercles. ‘lo what extent other tissues enter into

the formation of the radii I have not yet discovered; but, in

places, there can be seen, below the flagellated chambers,

fusiform cells apparently in continuity with the cells on the

surface of the uppermost tabule.

These large granular cells appear to be calicoblasts formed

in situ, and not to be sponge “ archzocytes” which have

grown down into empty cavities—even to the fifth floor—of

the calcareous honeycomb. The term “ calicoblast ” is here

Merlia normani, Kirkp. 45

used simply in a wide etymological sense, as a cell concerned

either immediately or remotely in the formation of a calcareous

skeleton.

In May I paid another short visit to Madeira and Porto

Santo in the rat? of finding larger specimens, and possibly

some in reproduction. At Madeira, I saw, in the Seminario

Museum, a dried specimen of an old and dead Dendrophyllia

with a very large crust of Mer/ia upon it. ‘The specimen had

only recently been hooked up by a fisherman from 90 fathoms

off Cape Garajau. On one portion of the crust were a few

shallow circular depressions, about 450 w in diameter and

150 pw deep, sacle among the ordinary meshes, which were

only 180-200 w in diameter, both kinds being barely visible

to the naked eye. On the walls and floors of these larger

meshes were 4 to 6 slightly developed radiating ridges ; in

fact, they presented some resemblance to extremely minute

coral calices. Judging from the appearance and relations of

the walls and ridges, these “ calices ”’ appear to have resulted

from the fusion of several smaller meshes; at the bottom of

some of them were sponge-spicules. ‘These larger meshes

may possibly not have any great significance, and be the

result of extraneous i: fluences, for there were numerous worm-

tubes appearing level with the surface, and the presence of

these might locally affect the growth of the vertical tubes in

various ways.

Senhor Noronha and I took with us to C. Garajau the man

who got the large specimen, but we were not successful in

obtaining other examples. I spent three days at Porto Santo,

and, just as I was leaving, a fisherman brought me a block of

basalt hooked up from 90 fathoms, encrusted with a large

patch of Merlia about 25 cm. in area; but unfortunately the

specimen was dry, and | had no time to visit the spot whence

it was obtained.

Prof. Weltner (/.c. supra) states that the calcareous frame-

work reminds him of a stony coral. I, too, was struck with

the resemblance of Merlia to a coral when I saw the specimen

in the Seminario Museum.

Recent corals with tabule are found in three widely

‘separate groups of corals, viz. Milleporide, Pocilloporide

facil vara: feislonare’, and Helioporide.

The structure of Merlia resembles, in some respects, that

of a Coenothecalian coral. The flanges, with fibrillar struc-

ture, radiating out to meet opposing flanges, from which they

are separated by a suture, recall what is found in /Zeliopora.

It the larger meshes of the Seminario specimen are really

coral calices, the ordinary meshes would be ccenenchymal

46 Mr. R. Kirkpatrick on

tubules, and the masses of cells filling them would probably

be ectodermal downgrowths as in /Teliopora (G. C. Bourne,

Phil. Trans. 1905, vol. 186 B, p. 455). But these are large

assumptions to make, seeing that neither thread-cells nor

zooids have yet been found.

Canon Norman has sent me a valuable reference to a paper

by H. A. Nicholson and A. H. Foord, “ On a new Genus of

Devonian Corals,” in Ann & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1886, (5) xvii. ;

pl. xvi. fig. 5 shows a tangential section of Rhaphidopora

( Cheetetes) stromatoporoides (Roemer), from the Middle Devo-

nian of Gerolstein in the Hifel. The figure shows a polygonal

reticulation with tubercles at the nodes and with tabule

perforated at the centre and marked with radial sutural lines

(cf. my figure, 2. ¢. pl. xv. fig. 13‘. Some figures of Monti-

culipora also, in Nicholson’s ‘ Paleozoic Corals,’ notably

pl. i. fig. 1, of MZ. moniliformis, show marked resemblances to

Merlia. he walls of the tubules in Merlia are unilaminate,

however, and neighbouring tubules have a single common

wall (as in the Cheetetide).

Prof. Weltner mentions in his paper that possibly the

siliceous sponge is a “ Raumparasit” on the calcareous

structure and that the sponge might be found separate.

At present I am doubtful as to the real significance of the

association of these two elements in Merlia, and it would be

premature to express a definite opinion. I think, however,

that the association is by no means an accidental one. I

lave found the two together, with one unimportant exception,

in all the material examined, 7. e. in over one hundred speci-

mens. In an extremely small and young specimen, forming

a little red spot about a millimtere in area, the young and

very slender calcareous meshes are covered over by the young

sponge. ‘lhe calcareous partner grows by the spreading of

a thin basal expansion, and slender ridges extend along this

floor from the nodes of the already-formed meshes, and meet

so as to form the youngest meshes, which are at first incom-

plete polygons. The exception referred to above was that of

an old crust of Merlia, dead and washed out, so that sponge-

pellicle and spicules, which had very probably been present,

had disappeared. I was surprised at not finding more

specimens in this condition.

I have examined numerous other sponge incrustations,

especially red ones, but have not yet found by itself the

siliceous partner of Merlia.

The sponge on the surface of Merlia has a tough semi-

transparent ectosome. I failed to detect oscules or ostia in

Merlia normani, Kirkp. 47

living examples, but found surface-openings in a specimen

which had been dropped alive into Flemming’s solution.

The canal-system somewhat resembles that of Oscarella,

the flagellated chambers being oval and 33 x 20 yu.

The skeleton is in the form of more or less isolated bundles

of slender tyles and rhaphides, ‘There is always at least one

more or less vertical bundle in each node of sponge-tissue ;

sometimes several bundles form almost a floor on which the

flagellated chambers rest, ‘There are no special ectosomal

spicules ; microrhaphides which were originally described as

tly ectosomal are the ends of rhaphides which had been

roken by the contraction of the sponge in drying.

The microscleres are very remarkable, being in the form

of oval rings 45 w long, 30 w broad, and 3 yw thick at the

rim, with a keyhole sinus on the inner margin at each end of

the long axis; in some a web-like expansion extends in

from each lateral margin. :

I had at first thought that the siliceous sponge was a

Clavulid, but a suggestion made to me by Canon Norman

that the oval rings might be of a similar nature to the

spherancore of Melonanchora is nearer the mark. For at

the edge of a very young specimen I have found develop-

mental phases of the rings in the form of contorted C-shaped

bodies with the free ends crossing each other. From the

fact that there is a knob on each side of one of the free ends,

I conclude that these spicules are related to anisanchorate

forms, rather than to sigmas and diancistra (see Lundbeck,

Danish Ingolf Exp., Porifera, ii. p. 211); the keyhole sinuses,

however, call to mind the notches in the diancistra of

Hlamacantha, The axial canal is near the thick outer rim of

the spicule. Sometimes six or seven rings follow one another

in succession at short intervals and parallel—hence the

specific name “ scalariformis” given below. Possibly one of

the functions of these spicules is to keep open the smaller

canaliculi and lacune in this highly cpudeeaetils sponge.

It is here assumed that the siliceous sponge on the surface of

Merlia is an entity distinct from the calcareous framework.

The sponge in question is placed in a new genus, to which

I propose to give the name “ Noronha,” in honour of

the distinguished Madeiran naturalist Senhor A. C. de

Noronha, who treated me with never-failing kindness during

my stay at Madeira and Porto Santo.

NORONHA, gen. nov.

Desmacidonide with a skeleton formed of more or less

48 Mr. R. E. Drake-Brockman on new Species

separate bundles of tyles and rhaphides. Microscleres in

form of oval rings.

Noronha scalariformis, sp. n.

Sponge incrusting. Tyles nearly straight, slender, 140 wu

long, 1°8 w thick; heads oval, 5x2 wy. Rhaphides 80 uw

long, very slender, tapering to hair-like extremities, straight,

or curved at one end. Microscleres, oval rings about 45 pw

long, 30 « broad, 3 w thick, with keyhole sinus on inner

margin at each end of long axis.

The definition of Merlia itself must be emended in a future

paper.

VI.—On a new Species and a new Subspecies of the Genus

Madoqua and a new Subspecies of the Genus Rhynchotragus.

By R. E. DrAKke-BROCKMAN.

HAvinG just completed an interesting journey along the

western limit of the Somali country and through Abyssinia,

[ am able, by the help of my own collections and the material

in the British Museum of Natural History, to throw a little

more light on the distribution and local variations of several

of the members of the genera Madoqua and Rhynchotragus.

Passing from north to south through Somaliland and Eastern

Abyssinia, we have as the most northerly species M. saltiana

and a new species of Madoqua which I have described below

as M. cordeauzi. South of these we soon come upon

M. phillipsi, with its westerly subspecies M. phillips: harar-

ensis and the easterly or coast representative M. phillipst

gubanensis.

Still farther south of the phillips: group we find M. erlan-

gert in Ennia Galla, together with a new subspecies of

Rhynchotragus, It. qguentheri wroughtont.

As one travels south along the river Web, M. swaynei is

ubiquitous until the junction of the rivers Ganale and Dawa,

when J. guentheri takes its place, and continues westward

towards L. Rudolf and L. Stephanie, where it is replaced by

R. guenthert smithit and R. cavendishi, the largest of this

genus.

Travelling in a south-easterly direction from the junction

of the rivers Ganale and Dawa at Dolo, we meet near the

coast FR. kirkii, the most southerly representative of the

Somali dik-diks.

and Subspecies of Madoqua and Rhynchotragus. 49

(a) Madoqua phillipsi gubanensis, subsp. n.

This dik-dik is the coast or maritime representative of

M. phillips’. It is paler than M. phillipsi and the grizzling

of the back extends on to the shoulders, sides, and hind-

quarters. The underlying colour on the shoulders and hind-

quarters, which is invaded by the grey grizzling, is pale

cinnamon.

Down the centre of the back the grey grizzle is suffused

with reddish fawn.

Hab. I obtained three specimens (skins, without head-

skins) of this dik-dik on Guban, near the foot-hills of

the Golis range of mountains, and I propose to name it

M. phillipst gubanensis.

Type. Skin only (without head-skin) of adult g¢ from

Golis foot-hills, 35 miles south of Berbera. B.M. no.

9. 6. 1. 52.

(b) Madoqua cordeauxi, sp. n.

Very much larger than any of the Somali Madogue, but

smaller than M. sa/tiana. Rather dark grey grizzling ex-

tending on to the shoulders, sides, and hind-quarters, the

whole of the back being suffused with reddish fawn. The

chest rather reddish buff, which extends only a short way on

to the throat, unlike AZ. phillips?, in which the chest-colour

extends more or less the whole length of the underpart of the

neck,

The legs are similar in colour to those of M. phillipsi, but

get distinctly darker towards the shoulders and haunches.

The crest is dull rufous, with the fore crest somewhat

grizzled with yellow, rufous, and black.

Measurements in the flesh :-—

Head and body 572 mm.; tail, with terminal hairs, 38;

height at shoulder 330. Weight 6 lbs.

Sex: male.

Hab. Dirre Dawa, Abyssinia. Altitude 3500 feet. July

23rd, 1908.

Two other specimens were obtained in the same locality

by me, and I have taken B.M. no, 9. 6. 1. 50 as the type.

For this species I have much pleasure in proposing the

name Madogua cordeauxi, in honour of Capt. H. E. 5.

Cordeaux, O.B., C.M.G., H.M. Commissioner for the

Somaliland Protectorate, whose interest in the fauna of

Somaliland is well known.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser, 8. Vol. iv. 4

On Madoqua and Rhynchotragus.

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On new New-Zealand Coleoptera. 51

Very similar in size to 2. guentheri, but markedly different

in colouring.

General colour dark yellowish grizzle, which fades but

slightly as it extends on to shoulders, sides, and haunches.

The grizzling ends abruptly underneath, where the chest and

abdomen are pure white, unlike 2. guentheri, in which the

yellow grizaling fades somewhat gradually into the pale

pinkish buff of the chest and abdomen. ‘The crest is rather

darker, as also are the muzzle and the legs, than in 2, guen-

theri, while the ears are longer and broader than in any other

except 22. cavendishi. At first sight it looks not unlike

R. cavendishi, but the skull-measurements soon separate the

two.

For skull-measurements wide Table.

Hab. Foot-hills of Mt. Abul Kassim, Wabi River, Galla-

land, Abyssinia, within 20 miles west of Sheikh Hussein.

Altitude 3500 feet.

Type. Adult male. Shot Oct. 21st, 1908. B.M. no.

9. 6. 1. 39.

For this subspecies I propose the name Rhynchotragus

— wroughtoni, in honour of my friend Mr. R. C.

roughton.

V1l.—Descriptions of new Genera and Species of New-

Zealand Coleoptera. By Major T. Broun, F.E.S.

(Continued from yol. iii. p. 415.)

OrloRHYNCHID2, Areoscapus ardens,

i inf ta. estriatus.

oon adueallip Bradypate dilaticollis.

— letificus. interstitialis,

Proboscoccelus sculpturatus, UW

- Drymaria cilipes. : YLOBUDS. —

Lyperobates virilis, Stilboderma impressipennis,

ygrochus granifer. Athor arcifera,

Thesius inophleoides,

Catoptes limbatus. CYLINDRORHINID®.

Sargon hudsoni.

Ru#YPAROSOMID.

Phrynixus bicarinellus. ERtruinip®,

ventralis. Frirhinus insignis.

Amphiskirra umbricola. —— insolitus.

52 Major T. Broun on new Genera and

Erirhinus spadiceus. CossonID.&.

castigatus. Pentarthrum dubitans.

Eugnomus antennalis. planicolle.’

St ‘ppeenoee lat Rhinanisus gracilis. ‘

Stephanorhynchus osculator. elongatus.

SS subconvexus. h

suturalis. fe

BrELID».

Pachyura venusta, CrRAMBYCID.

violacea. /&mona sublineata.

CrYPTORHYNCHIDE.

; : LAMIID®.

Aphoceelis versicolor. S He ;

Psepholax denticostatus. omatidia websteriana.

Zeacalles lepidulus. heterarthra,

Hatasu dorsale. testacea.

Clypeolus cineraceus. sericophora.

Acalles fuscidorsis. —— lineifera.

ioneus. Hybolasius varipes.

—— altus.

albistrigalis. EvuMOLPID2.

F—-_-, PERS ROEUE. Eucolaspis plicatus.

robustus. Atrichatus nitidulus.

flavisetosus.

Sympedius rectirostris. Oavarnceonaanree

Omeeacalles perspicuus. NE tA Se

Torilus griseicollis. Arnomus viridicollis.

Onias latisulcatus. signatus.

ornatus.

Mesoreda sulcifrons. GALERUCIDZ&.

Kentraulax, gen. nov.

Luperus ancularius.

Getacalles favosus. P 1,

Beeorhynchodes cristatus. | re

axyrocharis.

ANTHRIBIDZ. palialis.

Anthribus lewisi. —— asperellus.

—— philpotti.

Group Otiorhynchide.

Niceana infuscata, sp. n.

Elongate, subovate, opaque, piceous ; densely covered with

depressed small round scales, pale chocolate and greyish,

those of the former colour covering most of the dorsum, but

intermingled with a few grey ones, which latter are most

numerous near the sides and posterior declivity ; the sete

are moderately slender and greyish principally; antennz

pale ferruginous, finely setose; legs fusco-testaceous, bearing

greyish sete. ;

Head and rostrum about a third shorter than thorax, the

Species of New-Zealand Coleoptera. 5S

squame and sete greyish. Thorax nearly as long as broad,

widest before the middle, apparently closely punctate.

Scutellum small. Elytra elongate-obovate, slightly arcuate

and hardly wider than thorax at the base, striate-punctate.

Tibie a little flexuous, mucronate at the inner extremity.

Tarsi moderately broad, their third joint dilated and lobed,

claws small.

Antenne robust; the scape gradually incrassate and

attaining the front of thorax; funiculus longer than scape,

basal joint stouter but hardly longer than second, neither

elongated, 3-7 obconical; club oblong-oval, triarticulate.

Eyes scarcely free from thorax, widely distant above, flat,

longitudinally oval rather than rotundate. Scrobes fovei-

form, subapical, situated almost on the upper surface.

Posterior corbels simple, without any external truncature.

Distinguishable by the infuscate dorsum.

Length (rostr. incl.) 1{; breadth ¢ line.

Hanmer, Canterbury. One from Mr. J. H. Lewis.

Inophleus quadricollis, sp. a.

Ovate-oblong, opaque, densely covered with depressed,

small, coppery squamz, and with numerous decumbent

squamiform sete of a somewhat testaceous hue; antenne

and tarsi dark ferruginous.

Rostrum almost as long as thorax, with two broad longi-

tudinal grooves separated by a well-defined carina. Thorax

quadrate, slightly narrowed but not rounded in front; its

dorsal furrow is broad and distinct throughout, between it

aud each side there is another broader, less regular, and

more shallow impression, its close punctuation is quite

concealed. Scutellum small. Elytra suboblong, nearly

vertical and attenuate behind, shoulders oblique, so that the

base barely exceeds that of the thorax ; suture slightly elevated

from the base to halfway down the declivity ; third inter-

stices distinctly elevated at the base, but flat behind the

middle; the fifth very gradually raised backwards and termi-

nating at the sides, on the summit of the posterior declivity,

as large horizontal prominences ; there is a similar protube-

rance in line with each of the third, but situated further

back ; the apices are obtusely produced singly; there are

four series of punctures on each elytron, rather unequal in

size, none approximated ; the sides are inflexed and bear

three series of punctures.

The scape attains the back of theeye. Funicu/us sparingly

54 Major T. Broun on new Genera and

pilose, basal two joints almost equally elongate, 3-7 elongate-

obeonical. Club very elongate, rather narrow, triarticulate.

Ocular lobes well developed. Eyes oblique, somewhat

acuminate in front. TJibie flexuous, corbels of the posterior

rather flat, but without any external truncature.

I. sternalis most nearly resembles this species, but the

rostrum has a more sharply defined carina; the thorax is

broader and more rounded near the front and appears more,

though but slightly, narrowed towards the base; the poste-

rior elytral prominences are more sharply defined, and there

is tawny squamosity near the sides and behind ; the apices

are more prolonged, and joints 3-6 of the funiculus are

almost oviform. The hind body is narrower. The corbels

of the hind tibie have a very narrow external truncature.

Length (rost. incl.) 5; breadth 2 lines.

Invercargill. One specimen from Mr. A. Philpott.

Inophleus letificus, sp. n.

Elongate, subdepressed, rufo-piceous, densely covered with

round flattened scales of a reddish coppery hue, and with

a few depressed but not coarse sete; tip of rostrum and

antenne dark rufous ; Jegs and tarsi rufo-piceous.

Rostrum slightly sborter than thorax, not obviously

grooved, with a sharply defined central carina. Scape sub-

clavate at apex, attaining the back of theeye. Fuwniculus with

equally elongate basal two joints, 3-7 elongate-obconical,

Club very elongate, opaque, and pubescent. Head mode-

rately convex, with a linear impression along the vertex.

Thorax only one-tenth broader than long, slightly broader

near the front than elsewhere, a little obliquely narrowed in

front, gradually and slightly narrowed behind, its median

groove broad and distinct ; near each side in front. there is

a broad oblique impression, its punctuation hidden; the

greyish sete are most numerous near the sides. Scutellum

small, covered with yellowish scales. Elytra rather narrow,

parallel-sided from the shoulders backwards, much narrowed

behind, apices not prolonged but individually rounded;

humeral angles oblique, their base not wider than that of the

thorax ; dorsum plane, but with a slight basal elevation of

the third interstices ; the fifth imterstices gradually elevated

backwards and appearing to limit the disk at the sides, they

end abruptly and form obvious horizontal prominences ;

there are two more prominences nearer the suture, directed

backwards on top of the hind declivity, which, as well as the

Spectes of New-Zealand Coleoptera. 55

sides, bear some tawny squame; each elytron has four

regular series of discoidal punctures, two series between the

filth interstice and lateral margin and three along the

inflexed side.

Femora medially dilated, with a patch of yellow scales

underneath ; tibiz flexuous and bearing erect yellowish sete,

the posterior corbels with a very narrow outer truncature.

This species, though very much like the preceding J. guadri-

collis and J. sternalis, may be identified by the narrower

subparallel contour, more glossy and brightly coloured

squamosity, and by the flatter disk and more definite sculp-

ture of the elytra. The suboviform joints of the funiculus

differentiate J. sternalis.

Length (rost. incl.) 44; breadth 1¢ line.

Southland.

This is another fine weevil from Mr. A. Philpott’s

collection.

Proposcoce.vus, gen. nov,

Body moderately elongate and convex, sparsely pilose, a

little nitid.

Rostrum about as long as thorax, widely dilated or ptery-

giate in front, rather densely and finely setose underneath.

Scrobes subapical, profound, foveiform, quite open and

exposed above. Head short, as broad behind as front of

thorax, narrowed anteriorly to width of rostrum. Lyes

minute, quite lateral, distant from thorax, obliquely trans-

versely oval, a little acuminate below. Antenne robust and

long ; scape thick, setose, reaching backwards to base of

thorax ; funiculus 7-articulate, basal joint hardly twice as

long as broad, joints 2-7 short and about equal; club stout,

subrotundate, articulate. Thorar somewhat oviform, rather

longer than broad, base and apex truncate, without distinct

ocular lobes. Scutellum minute. Elytra slightly wider than

thorax at base. Legs stout; tibiz minutely bicalcarate at

the extremity. Tarsi moderate, penultimate joint deeply

bilobed but hardly at all dilated, densely and finely setose

underneath.

Anterior core prominent, contiguous, placed near the

base of prosternum, which is deeply incurved in front ;

intermediate coxe only slightly, the posterior very widely

separated. Melasternumnotabbreviated. Abdomen elongate,

basal segment strongly curvate between the cox, second

about as long as first, the froutal suture strongly sinuate,

56 Major T’. Broun on new Genera and

third and fourth short, with straight deep sutures. The

corbels of the posterior tibiz are without any external trun-

cature, but are finely ciliate.

A rather singular genus as regards appearance and struc-

ture, yet most nearly related to such generaas Trachyphleus

and Aporolobus. From the latter it may be at once distin-

guished by the approximated anterior coxz, and from the

former by the shining surface, cavernous scrobes, &c.

Proboscocelus sculpturatus, sp. n.

Rufo-castaneous or ferrugineous ; thorax more rufescent

than the elytra, these latter with two, sometimes three,

piceous marks across them; tarsi and antennal club fulves-

cent; sparingly clothed with short, rather fine, suberect

yellowish sete.

Rostrum grooved along the middle, with a very slender

carina along each side of that groove, without any triangular

clypeal suture, rounded at the apex. Thorav slightly wider

before the middle than it is elsewhere ; its surface relatively

coarsely and closely punctured. Elytra moderately coarsely

striate-punctate, second and third interstices slightly raised

behind.

Underside slightly nitid, pitchy red, distinctly punctate,

with fine depressed yellowish sete. Mandibular scar

minute, as are also the parts of the mouth.

Length (rost. incl.) 13-14; breadth nearly } line.

Canterbury College Botanical Station, at the junction of

the Waimakariri and Broken River.

Three specimens of this interesting little weevil, found

amongst decaying leaves on the ground, by Mr. J. H. Lewis.

DryMaRIA, gen. noy.

Body elongate, moderately convex, subopaque, finely and

sparingly setose.

Rostrum stout, almost equalling the thorax in length, not

pterygiate, nearly quite cylindric. Scrodes foveiform near

the apex, visible from above, prolonged backwards as broad

grooves to the eyes. Mandibular scar minute. Eyes quite

minute, with coarse facets, situated at the sides at the base

of the rostrum, yet perceptible above. Head as wide as

front of thorax, narrowed in front, globular below. Antenne

loug and stout; scape with outstanding sete, nearly attaining

apex of thorax ; funiculus 7-articulate, second joint almost

Species of New-Zealand Coleoptera. 57

as long as first, 3-7 transverse; club short, subrotundate,

indistinctly articulated. Thorax subcylindrical, without

ocular lobes, base and apex truncate. Scufél/um absent.

Elytra oblong, their shoulders narrowed so as to be but

little wider than thorax at the base. Legs moderately elon-

gate ; anterior tibie only slightly mucronate at the inner

extremity. Tarsi with slender grey hairs underneath, third

articulation deeply lobed but not expanded, the minute

atrophied joint visible between the lobes; terminal joint

almost quite the length of the preceding three conjointly.

Prosternum subtruncate in front. Anterior cove promi-

nent and contiguous, situated near the base of the pro-

sternum; middle coxe distinctly, the hind pair widely,

separated. Metasternum short, with a deep transverse groove

before the hind coxw. Adbdomen elongate, basal two seg-

ments connate, without any evident suture, having a short

groove at each side only, both broadly impressed ; third and

fourth segments well developed, not much abbreviated, with

very deep straight sutures.

This genus without doubt belongs to the same series as

Protolobus, Trachyphieus, and their allies so far as antennal

structure and habits are concerned, but, with the exception

of the undilated apical portion of the rostrum, it more nearly

approaches the preceding genus Prolboscocalus. From

Protolobus it is clearly differentiated by the form of the

scrobes, absence of ocular lobes, &c., and from Aporolobus by

the unexpanded penultimate joint of the tarsi.

Drymaria cilipes, sp. n.

Castaneous, dark or pale; rostrum, antenne, and tarsi

reddish.

Rostrum not smooth, but without well-marked sculpture ;

it bears some fine yellowish sete. Scape thick, with obvious

erect sete; funiculus finely pilose; club finely pubescent.

Head convex, nearly smooth, but finely transversely strigose.

Thorax about a third longer than broad, a little wider before

the middle than elsewhere, slightly and gradually narrowed

behind, its surface subrugose, with coarse irregular punc-

tures. Elytra coarsely striate-punctate, four series on each

elytron, the lateral punctuation more irregular ; the inter-

stices appear a little uneven, owing to the set. Anterior

tibie fringed along the inner edge with fine yellow set, the

external sete outstanding and rather coarse.

Underside coarsely punctate, a little shining, with short

58 Major T. Broun on new Genera and

sete ; basal ventral segments piceous, distinctly but less

coarsely punctate, 3-5 reddish, nearly quite smooth.

Length (rost. incl.) 13; breadth nearly $ line.

Broken River (Mr. J. H. Lewis).

Three examples found amongst fallen leaves in the bush.

Lyperobates virilis, sp. n.

Subopaque; small chocolate-brown squame almost entirely

cover the body ; tarsi and antenne piceo-rufous ; club dull,

with very minute greyish pubescence ; scutellum yellow.

Rostrum with two broad shallow impressions extending

from the eyes almost to the glabrous apex, but becoming

indistinct apically ; it is covered with depressed somewhat

rufescent scales. Thorax about as long as broad, widest and

obtusely prominent at each side, just before the middle ;

there is a broad almost rounded impression near each front

angle in front; at the middle are two more elongate im-

pressions, bordered by slight ridges; behind the middle

there is a broader and shorter elevation with an impression

on either side of it; these are nearly continuous with the

frontal ones. Elytra of the same width as thorax at the

base, the shoulders obliquely widened till reaching an obtuse

lateral prominence just behind the middle thighs; the sides

are then widely incurved, but are again dilated posteriorly,

where the hinder part of the disk projects horizontally over

the apical declivity ; there are four small nodosities near the

middle of the disk, two (more prominent). at the base, and

two smaller ones near each side in line with the intermediate

and posterior femora ; they are indistinctly striate-punctate.

Differs from L. asper (2534) in coloration, in having much

less rough-looking elytra, which, moreover, are of a different

outline, it lacks the more distinctly defined ridge along the

middle of the thorax, and the rostrum is slightly longer and

differently sculptured.

Length (rost. incl.) 4; breadth 1} lines.

Mount Pirongia. One in my own collection.

Hygrochus granifer, sp. n.

Subopaque, piceous ; antennze and tarsi fusco-rufous, these

latter and the funiculus shining; covered with slender, de-

pressed, fuscous and coppery squamz, and with some pallid

or greyish sete which are somewhat concentrated on the

posterior nodosities.

Species of New-Zealand Coleoptera. 59

Rostrum one-third shorter than thorax, indistinctly medially

ridged, broadly biimpressed near the base. Scrobes oblique,

deep and broad from the apex to behind the middle, squamose

behind. Head short, not much broader than the rostrum.

Eyes very prominent, obliquely oviform, quite lateral, just

free from the thorax. Club large, ovate, subacuminate,

indistinctly quadriarticulate, densely pubescent. Thorax of

equal length and breadth, widest and obtusely prominent

before the middle, base and apex truncate; disk a little

uneven, having an impression near each front angle and

another at each side of the middle in front ; there is no

definite punctuation, but there are several small shining

black granules. Elytra subcordate, slightly obtusely promi-

nent and widest behind the oblique shoulders; the base,

however, hardly exceeds that of the thorax in width, their

apical portion much narrowed ; they are slightly uneven,

with indistinct, coarse, more or less seriate punctures; there

are two small obtuse basal elevations and four on top of the

posterior declivity, those on the disk (about four on each

elytron) are less definite ; at the suture near the base there

are several small black shining granules.

H. oculatus is most like this species, but has a longer and

more cylindrical thorax, with a more definite continuous

median ridge. In H. oscitans and H. verrucosus the two

broad rostral grooves are separated by a well-marked carina

extending from the apex to the eyes.

In this genus there are no ocular lobes or any distinct

exterior truncature of the posterior corbels. The meta-

sternum is very short, not being longer than the middle of

the second ventral segment.

Length (rost. incl.) 2%; breadth 1} line.

Mount Pirongia, One example in my own collection.

TueEsivs, gen. nov.

Body suboblong, squamose.

Rostrum as long as thorax, nearly as broad as the head.

Scrobes subapical, not prolonged towards the eyes. Scape

attaining front of thorax. Funiculus elongate, 7-articulate.

Eyes distant from thorax and each other, small, longitu-

dinally oval, subtruncate below. Thorax subquadrate,

without ocular lobes. Anterior tiie flexuous, mucronate ;

posterior corbels with double cilie, the truncate surface

narrow. Prosternum moderately incurved infront. Anterior

60 Major ‘I’. Broun on new Genera and

cove contiguous. Metasternum short. Mandibular scar

present.

The typical specimen partakes of the structure of Platyo-

mida and Inophleus, but cannot be located in either of these

genera.

Thesius inophleoides, sp. n.

Opaque, fuscous, densely covered with small, depressed,

obscure squame intermingled with paler and brighter thick

sete ; antenne and tarsi ferrugineous.

Rostrum with a central but not sharply defined ridge.

Thorax widest before the middle, distinctly narrowed ante-

riorly, truncate at apex, base slightly curvate; disk very

uneven, with a basal and three frontal depressions and inter-

vening elevations, all more or less irregular, its punctuation

concealed. Scutellum small. Elytra oblong, much nar-

rowed and declivous behind, distinctly wider than thorax at

the base, their sides not quite straight, the shoulders being

a little oblique and prominent; there are also two small

nodiform prominences just behind the posterior femora; disk

slightly transversely convex; there are two longitudinal

basal elevations and a series of four nodosities on the summit

of the posterior declivity, which is not at all flattened, being

obtusely ridged along the suture; the dorsum is slightly

uneven, with small inequalities, but the covering obscures

all other sculpture, though some coarse irregular punctures

are visible.

Scape dull, with some outstanding sete, very gradually

thickened, but not clavate, towards the extremity. Funiculus

shining, finely and sparingly setose, second joint as long as

the elongate basal one ; 4-7 obconical, gradually decreasing

in length, none -elongate; club very elongate, oval, tri-

articulate.

Underside fuscous, with fine greyish-testaceous vestiture.

Length (rost. incl.) 34; breadth 13 line.

Broken River. One.

Mr. J. H. Lewis has proved that hitherto our knowledge

of the Coleopterous fauna of that district had been very

meagre indeed.

Catoptes liimbatus, sp. nu.

Suboblong, opaque, fuscous ; antennze and tarsi reddish ;

squamosity dense, fine, and variegate ; thoracic disk fuscous,

the sides tawny grey; on each elytron from the base to top

Spectes of New-Zealand Coleoptera. 61

of hind declivity the squame are chocolate-brown, those on

the suture, however, are paler along their sides, and on the

apices the colour is similar to that of the sides of the thorax ;

there are also some greyish setze on some parts.

Rostrum about as long as thorax, slightly pterygiate, a

little contracted medially, not ridged above, depressed

between the antenne, its apex red and _ slightly rugose.

The scape attains the front of thorax. Funiculus sparingly

pilose, basal two joints of equal length, third slightly longer

than fourth, obconical ; joints 4-7 rather short. Thorax of

equal length and breadth, moderately convex, widest before

the middle, with a distinct central groove. Scutel/um small.

Elytra rather wider than thorax at the base, very gradually

curvedly narrowed backwards, third and fifth interstices

moderately elevated, most prominent at the summit of hind

slope, where the greyish sete are somewhat concentrated ;

they are moderately striate-punctate.

Underside piceous, moderately closely punctate, covered

with griseous scales and sete. Prosternum deeply incurved.

Basal ventral segment of about the same length as meta-

sternum, broadly impressed behind.

The ocular lobes are well developed. Scrobes subapical,

profound, open above. yes oblique, subacuminate in front.

Corbels of posterior tibize not perfectly closed, there being a

narrow interval between the inner and outer cilia.

The coloration, inter-antennal depression, the well-marked

thoracic furrow, the elevated elytral interstices, and structure

of the hind tibiz render this species distinct.

Length (rost. incl.) 3; breadth 1 line.

Otara, Southland (Mr. A. Philpott). Two individuals.

Group Rhyparosomida.

Phryniaxus bicarinellus, sp. 0.

Elongate-ovate, fuscous; rostrum, antenne, and _ tarsi

rufescent ; uneven, irregularly clothed with coarse, sponge-

like, fusco-testaceous sete, which form several crests.

Rostrum rather long, its anterior half nude, finely yet

distinctly punctate, with two short yellow sete at its apex ;

on the middle from the antennal insertion backwards there

are two fine carine separated by a narrow well-marked

groove ; basal half squamose, slightly contracted, with a

median crest before the eyes. Antenne elongate, sparsely

squamose ; scape attains back of eye, it is rather slender, but

clavate at the extremity ; basal two joints of funiculus elon-

62 Major T. Broun on new Genera and

gate, almost equal, the first the stouter, 3-7 transverse, very

slightly and gradually incrassate; club ovate, thickly covered

with yellow hairs. Eyes large, but depressed. Thorax about

a half longer than broad, narrower in front than at the base,

but without any obvious constriction, the disk uneven, with

a median basal depression; its sculpture consists of coarse

irregular rugosities rather than punctures; there are two

distinct crests at the apex. /ytra oviform, rather elongate ;

on each shoulder there is an elongate crest, a smaller one

between it and the suture, and eight others of irregular form

on each elytron; there are no well-marked striz or punc-

tures. Legs rough, of normal structure.

Underside fuscous, opaque, slightly uneven or asperate,

with testaceous squame. Prosternum deeply incurved in

front. Metasternum short. Abdomen with five segments,

basal two of nearly same length at the sides, their suture not

well defined in the middle, 3-5 on an abruptly lower plane,

third and fourth very short.

Three distinguishing characters will be seen if carefully

examined—the two bright yellow sete on the tip of the

rostrum, the well-marked groove between the carine, and

the rather large depressed eyes.

Length (rost. incl.) 3}; breadth 14 line.

Otira Gorge. One, found by Mr. J. H. Lewis.

Phrynixus ventralis, sp. n.

Opaque, nigro-fuscous, covered with testaceous sappy

matter; rostrum, antennee, and tarsi somewhat rufescent.

Rostrum slightly expanded before the point of antennal

insertion, the middle punctate, with two slightly asperate

costee which do not reach the apex; there are two small

yellowish crests on the middle and a longer median one near

the base. Thorax rather longer than broad, not wider than

the head in front, without distinct frontal crests, but with

five or six irregular elevations, the most distinct being a pair

close to the basal depression and one before these along the

middle ; its punctuation apparently very coarse, but finer in

front. Elytra oblong-oval, scutellar region depressed, with

two smail basal elevations and an elongate crest on each

shoulder ; there are some other less definite ones, and several

small black tubercles protrude here and there; each elytron

has four series of large punctures which, on the posterior

declivity, are transformed into striz.

Antenne elongate ; scape slender, but distinctly knobbed

Spectes of New-Zealand Coleoptera. 63

at the extremity, with fine yellow sete, it attains the back of

theeye ; funiculus pubescent, gradually incrassate, basal two

joints nearly equally elongate, the first slightly thicker.

Legs normal.

Underside reddish ; basal two ventral segments seemingly

connate, but with an oblique series of coarse contiguous

punctures from the centre to each side, denoting where the

suture between them should be ; accepting that line of demar-

cation, the second is longer than the first and appears de-

pressed at the base; both are coarsely punctate ; fifth finely

punctured, third and fourth impunctate, with deep sutures,

Nearly allied to P. tuberculatus (1509), but with peculiar

abdominal sculpture.

Length (rost. incl.) 23; breadth 1 line.

Riccarton, Canterbury. Two, found by Mr. H. Suter.

AMPHISKIRRA, gen, DOV,

Body apterous, elongate, unequally convex, much contracted

medially, sparsely clothed.

Rostrum arched, elongate, frontal half slightly expanded,

the basal portion with a fine but well-defined carina, which

becomes wider at the point of antennal insertion, but much

finer beyond it. Scrobes foveiform at the middle, but

prolonged, yet less deeply, towards the front of the eyes.

Antenne moderately long and slender, Scape slender and

flexuous, clavate at the extremity, and attaining the back of

the eye. Funiculus 7-articulate, the second joint quite as

Jong as, but rather more slender than, the basal one, 3-6

suboblong, seventh slightly enlarged; club oval, not visibly

articulated. Eyes free from thorax, situated quite at the

sides in front, small, rather flat, distinctly facetted, longi-

tudinally oval. Headshort, much narrowed in front, globular

below. Thorax about as long as broad, very much swollen

or dilated at each side before the middle, base sharply trun-

cate and submarginate, without ocular lobes. Scutellum

absent. E/ytra closely adapted to base of thorax, of the

same width there, widest behind the middle. Legs mode-

rately long; femora arched above ; tibize somewhat flexuous,

distinetly mucronate at the extremity. Tarsi rather short,

basal joint scarcely perceptible from above, second trans-

verse, third only slightly dilated, excavate above, but not

lobate ; terminal as long as all the preceding joints combined ;

claws small,

Prosternum slightly incurved in front. Anterior core

64 Major T. Broun on new Genera and

slightly separated, the intermediate also prominent, rather

widely separated. Metasternum very short. Abdomen elon-

gate, second segment convex, on the same plane, and nearly

as long, as the basal one; the suture between these is fine

yet distinct, and oblique towards the sides; third and fourth

not discernible, fifth roughly sculptured.

Chamepsephis makes the nearest approach to this genus

in structure; the form, however, is altogether different.

The medially swollen sides of the thorax are a quite excep-

tional feature in this group, so that but little difficulty will

be experienced in its recognition.

Amphiskirra umbricola, sp. n.

Subopaque; rostrum red and a little shining; thorax

obscure dark reddish; basal depression of elytra piceo-

fuscous and alittle shining, the rest of their surface slightly

variegated, yellowish or dark brown; antenne and legs

fusco-testaceous.

Rostrum smooth near the extremity and bearing some

soft subdepressed greyish setee. Thorax subdepressed on the

disk ; its punctuation rather coarse, not dense, and quite

irregular, with more or less rugose intervals ; there is a short

keel from the middle forwards and an impression near the

base, neither very definite. E/lytra a good deal rounded and

distended behind the middle, so that they seem much

narrowed towards the base, posterior declivity rounded but

not vertical ; a considerable area near the base is occupied

by a broad depression ; the general sculpture is not well

marked, but there are three more or less evident striz on

each, with some unequal punctures; the interstices are

rather broad and irregularly elevated ; the basal depression is

estriate, but has six or seven punctures ; their clothing is

setiform and irregularly distributed, and smeared with sappy

matter, but appears to be yellowish.

Length (rost. incl.) 24; breadth ? line.

Otira Gorge (Mr. J. H. Lewis). A single specimen of this

little weevil.

Ar@oscapus ardens, sp. 0.

Elongate, subovate, slightly nitid, pale rufo-castaneous ;

antenne and tarsi rufescent.

Rostrum arclied, elongate ; in front of the antennal inser-

tion, before the middle, somewhat convex or broadly ridged,

Species of New-Zealand Coleoptera. 65

the basal portion with fine indefinite sculpture. Head

grooved between the eyes, which are slightly oblique.

Scape flexuous, slender, apically clavate, with minute, incon-

spicuous, depressed sete. Funiculus sparingly pubescent,

basal joint almost pyriform, seventh subquadrate, evidently

larger than the preceding; club elongate, thick near the

extremity, rather slender at the base, distinctly pubescent.

Thorax as long as broad, a good deal narrowed anteriorly,

slightly and gradually towards the base, from which a narrow

depression proceeds towards the middle, its punctuation

distinct but somewhat irregular; it bears short yellowish

sete. Elytra oviform, of the same width as thorax at the

base, broadest near the middle; striate-punctate, interstices

a little uneven, scutellar region depressed ; they bear some

minute yellowish sete, but more conspicuous ones are so

congregated as to form about twenty small patches.

Tibie flexuous, mucronate, with a series of minute setz

which form a fringe on the front face of the anterior and

the hind part of the other pairs. The basal ventral seyment

across its front is depressed, the second is slightly flattened

medially in front.

A rather brightly coloured species as compared with the

others, and with slightly different eyes.

Length (rost. incl.) 1}; breadth § line.

Ngatira, near Rotorua.

Described from two specimens in my own collection,

found about fourteen years ago.

Areoscapus estriatus, sp. n.

Subovate, opaque, fusco-piceous ; legs fusco-rufous ; ros-

trum, antenne, and tarsi rufescent ; irregularly clothed with

fine, depressed, yellow scales and squamiform sete.

Rostrum arched, quite the length of thorax, the apical

half very slightly expanded and indistinctly punctate, the

basal portion broadly grooved and squamose along the

middle, and with a fine carina at each side of the groove.

Thoraz about as long as broad, widest near the middle,

rounded there, slightly more narrowed in front than at the

base, which, as well as the apex, is truncate; it is a little

uneven above, medially depressed at the base, its punctuation

hidden ; the scales are somewhat concentrated in places, so

as to form a slightly raised elongate patch along the middle

near the front, but with an almost bare space on each side

of it and two patches on the apex. Elytra ovate, broadest

Ann. & Mag. N. list. Ser. 8, Vol. iv. 5

66 Major T. Broun on new Genera and

near the hind thighs, of the same width as thorax at the

base; the scutellar region is depressed; they are without

strie or serial punctures; the squamosity is irregularly

distributed and forms a series of small patches across the

top of the posterior declivity, another just below it, and a

pair before the middle of the disk, but nearer the sides than

they are to the suture ; none of these, however, are sharply

defined. Legs stout, tibie a little flexuous but not distinctly

mucronate.

Underside opaque, fuscous, with fine, decumbent, brassy

setee. Prosternum deeply incurved in front; anterior cox

medially contiguous. Second ventral segment in the middle

rather longer than the basal, with oblique lateral sutures,

third and fourth very short, the terminal medially bi-

impressed at the apex. Funiculus very slightly thickened

towards the extremity, seventh joint larger than the pre-

ceding one; club distinctly pubescent; scape flexuous,

clavate at apex.

This species may be readily identified by the absence of

the usual serial punctures and striz of the elytra.

Length (rost. incl.) 2; breadth ? line.

Otira Gorge. A single specimen found by Mr. J. H.

Lewis.

Bradypate dilaticollis, sp. n.

Opaque, fuscous ; legs fusco-rufous ; the rostrum, antenne,

and tarsi red; unevenly clad with yellow squamiform setz.

Rostrum arched, the frontal dilated portion with linear

sculpture, the basal portion not distinctly ridged, but convex

along the middle. Thorax rather broader than long, a good

deal dilated medially at the sides; the surface uneven, its

punctuation concealed by the depressed yellow scales, base

and apex truncate. lytra subovate, broadest near the

middle, scarcely broader than thorax at the base ; scutellar

depression bordered at each side by a short elevation ; there

are no striz or series of punctures visible on the dorsum,

but on a denuded spot on the top of the hind declivity the

suture appears smooth and convex, with a fine stria at each

side of it; there are about a dozen more or less distinct

squamose nodosities, and some minute tubercles or granular

elevations above.

Tibie moderately mucronate and bearing coarse yellow

sete or scales. Scape flexuous, moderately clavate at the

extremity, nearly glabrous. Fwniculus sparingly pilose, first

Species of New-Zealand Coleoptera. 67

joint stout, seventh nearly twice the bulk of the sixth; club

ovate, solid.

A glance at the thorax is sufficient to distinguish this

from B. capitalis. The eyes area little further apart and the

head is less pinched in behind the eyes than in the typical

species. Near each side of the rostrum a very slender carina

extends backwards from the point of the antennal insertion,

but does not reach the eye.

Length (rost. incl.) 24; breadth line.

Southland. One from Mr. A. Philpott.

Bradypate interstitialis, sp. nv.

Subovate, piceo-fuscous ; scape rufous ; funiculus and tarsi

piceous ; irregularly covered with greyish scale-like matter

and yellow setz.

Thorax studded with small granules. E/ytra ovate-oblong,

with shallow grooves formed apparently of large impressions,

and with some minute granules; the longitudinal interstices

narrow and somewhat elevated and interrupted, being com-

posed evidently of series of granules.

Underside opaque, piceous, the basal and terminal ventral

segments reddish, the first slightly more elevated than the

second, broad, depressed between the cox, and with two

large punctiform fovee there and scattered punctures

behind; the second short, nearly smooth, with five or six

minute punctures only, third and fourth extremely short,

fifth closely and finely sculptured, with a fovea near its

extremity.

In general appearance and nodosities very similar to

B. capitalis, with the exceptions detailed above.

Length (rost. incl.) 2; breadth ? line.

Canterbury College Botanical Station, at the junction of

the Waimakariri and Broken River (Mr. J. H. Lewis).

Group Hylobiide.

STILBODERMA, gen. nov.

Small, subovate, moderately convex, sparsely clothed with

slender hairs.

Rostrum stout, arched, subcylindrical. Scrodbes visible

above, profound, beginning before the middle and extending

to the eyes ; they are expanded below, so that only a narrow

interval exists between them on the under surface. An/enne

rather short. Scape stout, clavate at apex, attaining the

68 Major T. Broun on new Genera and

lower and front part of the eye. Funiculus 7-articulate,

basal joint thick; second slender at base, only half as thick as

the first at the apex and nearly as long as that is; 3-6 small

and transverse, seventh transverse, at least twice as stout as

the preceding one. Club oblong-oval, stout, not perceptibly

articulated. Eyes distinctly facetted, lateral, free from

thorax, transversely oval. Thorax truncate at base and

apex, without ocular lobes. Scutellum absent. Hlytra sub-

cordate. Tibia slightly expanded, with prominent, curved,

external hooks, their inner extremity acutely produced.

Tarsi slender, their soles almost without vestiture, having a

few fine hairs only; basal joint slender at the base, as long

as the terminal one; the penultimate a little expanded, exca-

vate above at the apex, but not bilobed.

Prosternum indistinctly incurved in front. Anterior core

slightly separated, the intermediate not so far apart as the

posterior. Metasternum short. Abdomen elongate, basal

two segments large and almost equal, their suture slightly

sinuous ; third and fourth short, with deep sutures. ;

This differs from Hiratus in having almost contiguous

anterior cox, unlobed penultimate tarsal joints, by the

absence of the scutellum, and other details; it is, however,

the most nearly related genus.

Stilboderma impressipennis, sp. 0.

Glossy, infuscate red ; antennz and tarsi fusco-testaceous,

club darker and pubescent; the body sparingly clothed with

inconspicuous slender hairs.

Rostrum finely sculptured. Thorax about as broad as

long, a little narrowed anteriorly, moderately coarsely and

closely sculptured. /ytra truncate and sharply defined

at the base, their sides moderately rounded, rather abruptly

narrowed at the extremity; broadly transversely impressed

before the middle, rather coarsely striate-punctate, sub-

crenate on some parts; third and fifth interstices slightly

elevated at the base, the summit of the posterior declivity

slightly prominent but without callosities ; their base slightly

exceeds that of the thorax in width.

Underside shining, rufo-piceous, rather coarsely but not

closely punctured (femora inclusive), and bearing a few fine

hairs only.

Length (rost. excl.) 1; breadth 2 line.

Canterbury College Botanical Station. Two specimens

from Mr. J. H. Lewis.

Species of New-Zealand Coleoptera. 69

ArHor, gen. noy.

Body subcylindric, small, minutely squamose.

Rostrum nearly as long as thorax, arcuate, slightly dilated

in front. Scrobes deep, beginning near apex, oblique, con-

vergent underneath. yes transversely oval, situated at the

sides of the head close to the thorax, widely separated above,

depressed. Scape stout, attaining the eye, flexuous, gradually

inerassate. Funiculus 7-articulate, basal joint as thick as

the scape ; joints 5-7 obconical, transverse, seventh largest.

Club oval, not distinctly articulate. Thorax slightly con-

stricted in front, base widely bisinuate, without well-marked

ocular lobes. Scutellum minute, Elytra rather short, sub-

cylindrical, rather wider than thorax at the base, simply

rounded apically. Femora proportionally large and thick.

Tibie also thick, flexuous, external terminal hook stout, the

inner calcar also well developed. Tarsi pubescent under-

neath, very broad and short, penultimate joint with short

lobes, the terminal remarkably small, with small claws.

Prosternum deeply incuryed in front. Anterior core

large, contiguous; the intermediate slightly separated, poste-

rior widely. Metasternum short. Abdomen of only moderate

length, second segment not quite so large as the first, the

suture sinuate, third and fourth abbreviated.

The only exponent of this genus is chiefly remarkable on

account of the subcylindric outline, obtusely rounded elytral

apex, broad tarsi, with their setose surface, the relatively

thick legs, and deeply emarginate prosternum, all being

characters which distinguish it from its congeners.

Athor arcifera, sp. 0.

Opaque, variegate ; fuscous, the legs and hind body some-

times a little rufescent behind and at the sides ; tarsi and

antennz dark red, club piceous ; the flattened squame are

not easily seen and appear to be absent from the thoracic

disk, but on the elytra pallid scales extend as far as the hind

thighs and form a sort of arch from one shoulder to the

other; the greater portion of the hind body is sometimes of

a light chocolate hue ; on the rostrum and sides of the thorax

the squamosity is grey.

Rostrum apparently coarsely punctate. Thorax of nearly

equal length and breadth, a little rounded laterally, evidently

narrower in front than behind ; coarsely, closely, aud almost

rugosely punctured. Llytra deeply sulcate, their punctures

70 On new New-Zealand Coleoptera.

most distinct near the sides ; interstices apparently slightly

rugose, under the microscope the fifth seem to have a series

of minute granules.

Underside dull piceous, moderately coarsely punctured, the

squame and slender sete pallid.

Length (rost. incl.) 1}; breadth $ line.

Broken River.

Another of the numerous discoveries made by Mr. J. H.

Lewis. Four specimens.

Group Cylindrorhinide.

Sargon hudsont, sp. n.

Elongate, moderately convex, subopaque, nigrescent ;

sparingly clothed with minute, inconspicuous, round greyish

scales, those on the rostrum and sides of thorax more elon-

gate and brighter, a few being viridescent and pink.

Rostrum a little shorter than thorax and half its width,

with two ill-defined ridges starting from the imterocular

groove and extending obliquely forwards, and with a well-

developed central carina; the surface rather finely punc-

tured, more closely near the sides, the apical portion setose.

Thorax about equal in length and breadth, its sides almost

straight behind, obliquely narrowed near the front, apex

slightly medially emarginate; surface uneven, with coarse

irregular rugosities near the sides; the longitudinal furrow

deep and broad, its punctuation rather fine and close on the

middle, coarser near the sides and base. Scutellum in-

distinct. Hlytra oblong, shoulders curvedly narrowed, yet

distinctly wider than thorax at the base, obliquely narrowed

and deflexed posteriorly, apices slightly divergent at the

suture, but not prolonged; their surface rather finely and

not closely punctured; each with six discoidal striz having

a few coarse punctures at the base; third and fifth inter-

stices costiform, the former most prominent on top of the

posterior declivity, but prolonged, though less elevated, to

the extremity ; the fifth terminates very abruptly, so as to

appear nodiform behind; seventh moderately raised from

behind each shoulder to the declivity, so as to form a thick

margin.

Legs stout, with more brightly coloured scales than the

elytra; posterior corbels simple, without any external

truncature.

Underside a little shining, black, finely punctured ; the

sternum and basal ventral segments with somewhat rufescent

Bibliographical Notice. 71

slender squamz, basal segment rather longer than second,

the intervening suture angulate medially; third and fourth

equal, with straight sutures; fourth and fifth transversely

depressed medially at the base.

When placed side by side with S. carinatvs the difference

in coloration is very apparent, that species appearing to be

entirely of a peculiar slightly rufescent grey, the derm itself

being invisible; whereas S. hudsoni appears to be nearly

black, the squamosity being inconspicuous. In the former

species the rostral carina is less distinct, the front of the

thorax is not emarginate, the scutellum is well developed,

the elytral striz are finely punctured throughout, and the

third interstices are quite as nodiform behind as the fifth.

Length (rost. incl.) 8; breadth 3 lines.

Mount Holdsworth, at an elevation of 4300 feet.

Named in honour of Mr. G. V. Hudson, who discovered it.

[To be continued. }

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE,

Iowa Geological Survey. Vol. xviii. Annual Report 1907. Des

Moines: Published for lowa Geological Survey, 1908. Pp. i-xi,

1-291; pls. i.—xvi.

Tur bulk of this Report is devoted to a most valuable dissertation

on the Devonian Fishes of lowa by Charles R. Eastman. Of great

length and thoroughly exhaustive of the subject, it would be im-

possible here to give an adequate summary of its contents. In

the introductory portion of his memoir the Author surveys that

thorny problem the origin of the paired fins, wherein he favours

the arguments of Dean and Cope as against Smith Woodward ;

and later he discusses the classification of the Arthrodira, reviewing

the work of Continental savants, and, among British ichthyologists,

Mr. C. T. Regan, Prof. Bridge, Dr. Traquair, and Mr. [sic| E. Ray

Lankester.

There is much that is new in these pages, as might be supposed,

and not a little that will afford matter for further debate. Perhaps

one of the most remarkable things in the whole Report is the

Author’s asserted discovery of an actual fossil brain, in Rhadinichthys

deani, sp.n, The substance of this brain, he tells us, ‘* became

transformed into calcium phosphate before decomposition set in, and

whose walls in consequence are scarcely shrunken. This view is

72 Miscellaneous.

further confirmed by the presence of nerve-fibres and blood-vessels,

slightly enlarged in some cases... . by the segregation of mineral

matter, but coinciding in position with altogether similar nervous

and vascular structures in modern Ganoids and bony fishes.” He

also found the ‘internal ear and its associated parts so preserved

that “their like has never before been found in the fossil condition.”

The text-figures, which are numerous, and the plates are alike

marvellously good. WP 8s

MISCELLANEOUS.

Dates of the Parts of C. H. C. Burmeister’s ‘ Genera Insectorum,’

1838-1846.

To the Editors of the * Annals and Magazine of Natural History,’

GenTLEMEN,—As most copies of this little work are wrongly bound

up, it may be useful to print this list of contents of the several parts

from the analyses given in Wiegmann’s ‘Archiv der Natur-

geschichte.’

Heft 1 (1837). Lystra and Phenawx, Acocephalus, Bythoscopus,

Eurymela.

2 (1838). Selenocephalus, Celidia, Eupelix, Jassus.

3 (1838). Ulopa, Doridium, Cephalelus, Ledra.

4 (1838). Gypona, Xerophlea, Pediculus.

5 (1840). Paropia, Acropis, Opsomala, Thrips, Phleo-

thrips, Heliothrips.

6 (1840). Eudinopsis (?in 5 or 6), Hypselogenia, Platy-

genia (cannot find this, but probably 5

or 6).

7 (1841). Familia Xylophila, Typhlocyba.

8 (1845). Fulgora, Pyrops, Euchirus, Ulopterus.

9 (1845). Trichophus, Hoplostomus, Rhagopteryx.

10 (1846). Copris, Heliocopris, Pelidnota, Trichius, Clasto-

enemis, Trigonopeltastes.

I do not know the dates of the two “Carton ”—*“ Pediculina,

Phthirius,’ which is an addition, and ‘“ Lystra Phenax” (4 pp. of

small type), which seems to be a correction,—but I suggest they

both date from the 10th Heft, 1846.

C. Davins Suerzorn.

“Index Animalium.”

atte’ \, =

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

{EIGHTH SERIES. }

No. 20. AUGUST 1909.

VIII.—Rhynchotal Notes.—XLVIII. By W. L. Distant.

HoMopreERa.

Fam. Fulgoride.

Subfam. Jssrvz.

The genera and species described and referred to in this

paper are contained in the Rhynchotal collection of the

British Museum.

GALAPAGOSANA, gen. Nov.

Vertex longer than pronotum, triangular, longitudinally

centrally carinate ; face smooth, very obscurely carinate, an-

gulate at base, triangularly excavate before clypeus, which is

smooth; pronotum moderately short, convex in front, a little

coneave behind, with a longitudinal tuberculous ridge a

little before the inner margins of each eye; mesonotum

considerably longer than pronotum, discally flattened and

obliquely depressed, centrally finely longitudinally sulcate,

and the margins of the flattened surface on each side finely

ridged ; tegmina gibbously rounded at costal margin, broadly

rounded at apices, which are slightly directed upwardly,

clayus with transverse veins, a little gibbous near base,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 6

74 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

remaining surface of tegmina reticulately veined ; posterior

tibiz unspined.

Type, G. rostrifer, Butl.

A genus in shape resembling Hypancylus, Fowl., which,

however, is not an Issid, but a Flatid, very closely allied to

Cyphopterum, Amyot.

Galapagosana rostrifer.

Issus rostrifer, Butl. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1877, p. 90.

Hab. Galapagos Archipelago ; Charles Island (Brit. Mus.).

This species is not recorded in Melichar’s ‘ Monographie

der Issiden.’

Genus Issus.

Issus, Fabr. Syst. Rhyng. p. 99 (1803); Melich. Mon. Issiden, p. 184

(1906).

Type, I. coleopteratus, Geoffr.

Issus coleopteratus.

Cicada coleopterata, Geoffr. Hist. Ins. i. p. 418 (1764).

Issus coleopteratus, Melich. Mon. Issiden, p. 189 (1906) (for synonymy).

Issus bimacula, Walk. List Hom. ii. p. 364 (1851).

Although no locality is affixed to the type of Walker, he

had subsequently placed an Algerian specimen with it.

Stal (1862) pointed out that J. maurus, Walk., is also a

synonym of J. coleopteratus, Geoftr.

Genus LoLuivs.

Lollius, Stl, Hem. Afr. iv. p. 209 (1866); id. Ofy. Vet.-Ak, Férh.

1870, p. 763.

Type, LZ. australicus, Stal.

Lollius vittatus.

Hysteropterum vittatum, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 128

(1868).

Hab. New Guinea.

Lollius invarius.

Hysteropterum invarium, Walk. Journ, Linn, Soc., Zool. x. p. 128

(1868).

Hab, Mysol.

re ed oe el, ee

Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 75

Lollius minax.

Hysteropterum minax, Walk. Journ, Linn, Soc., Zool. x. p. 127 (1868).

Hab. Ceram.

Lollius morosus.

Hysteropterum morosum, Walk, Journ, Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 125

(1868).

Hab. Morty Island.

Lollius leve.

Hysteropterum leave, Walk, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 125 (1868).

Hab. Ceram.

Lollius tumidulus.

Hysteropterum timidulum, Walk, Journ, Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 125

(1868).

Hab. Ceram.

Lollius mouhoti, sp. n.

Brownish ochraceous, mottled and spotted with piceous or

fuscous; vertex with a large dark fuscous spot before each

lateral margin; face fuscous brown, transversely piceous

before clypeus, which is piceous, with its base ochraceous ;

pronotum finely speckled with fuscous brown ; mesonotum

with larger irregular fuscous-brown spots; body beneath

paler and less darkly suffused than above; legs much

mottled with fuscous brown; tegmina ochraceous, finely

mottled with brownish, a large inner basal fascia to clavus,

central longitudinal disk to corium, and small costal and

apical marginal spots piceous; the dark discal coloration is

broken near costa, exhibiting two ochraceous spots, one near

middle and the other beyond it; vertex concave, about as

long as broad, the anterior margin centrally a little angu-

larly prominent, the lateral margins upwardly laminately

ridged ; face moderately concave at base, the basal angles

acute, the lateral margins obliquely directed outwards for

two-thirds their length and then inwardly oblique to clypeus,

centrally carinate and becoming broadly bifurcately carinate

at about one-fourth from base ; pronotum with the anterior

_. margin centrally roundly produced between the posterior

areas of the eves, the posterior margin a little subobliquely

76 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

recurved on each side; tegmina with the apical margins

broad and truncate.

Long., incl. tegm., 13 mm.

Hab. Cambodia; Chantaban (Mouhot, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to L. furcifer, Stal.

Moniana, gen. nov.

Vertex longer than broad, internally a little foveate, the

margins ridged, the apical margin appearing prominent by

the exposure of the base of face; face obliquely straightly

widening towards clypeus, the disk strongly tricarinate, the

central carination slender, straight, the sublateral carinations

more robust and united at base ; clypeus transversely ridged

on basal area, beyond which it is centrally longitudinally

ridged ; pronotum short, anteriorly subconically produced

between the eyes, the central disk subfoveately flattened ;

mesonotum with two oblique central carinations ; tegmina

jJaterally deflected, about one and a half times as long as

broad, the apex roundly truncate, claval suture reaching

apex of inner margin ; legs moderate.

This genus, which is only represented in the National

Collection by a badly-pinned specimen, is allied to Lollius,

from which it differs by the totally different structure of the

face.

Moniana andrewsi.

Issus (?) andrewsi, Kirby, Monogr. Christmas Isld. p. 138 (1900).

Hab. Christmas Island.

Genus TYLana.

Tylana, Stal, Rio Jan. Hem. ii. p. 67 (1862).

Type, 7. cristata, Fabr.

Tylana composita.

Issus compositus, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 152 (1857).

Hab. Borneo.

Tylana truncata.

Hysteropterum truncatum, Walk. List Hom., Suppl. p. 93 (1858) ;

Melich. Mon. Issiden, p. 154 (1906), k

Hab. Java.

Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 77

Tylana lineolata,

Tssus lineolatus, Walk, Journ. Entomol. i. p. 308 (1862).

Hab. Australia, Moreton Bay (Brit. Mus.).

Tylana angustifrons.

Lollius yarn er Kirk. Rep. Exp. Stat. Haw. Plant. Assoc, Bull. i.

ota ix. p. 438 (1906),

‘ylana Gheiascuke Melich. Mon. Issiden, p. 203 (1906).

Hab. Queensland ; Kurauda (Dodd, Brit. Mus.).

Closely allied to T. lineolata, Walk.

Tylana acutipennis.

Lollius acutipennis, Kirk. Rep. Exp. Stat. Haw. Plant. Assoc. Bull. i.

t. ix. p. 439 (1906).

Tylana acutipennis, Melich. (part.) Monogr. Issiden, p. 200 (1906).

The British Museum possesses specimens collected by

Mr. Dodd at Kuranda, Queensland, the locality given by

Kirkaldy, Structurally and dimensionally these examples

agree with Kirkaldy’s description, but the colour is mostly

virescent, or sometimes ochraceous, with the legs ochraceous,

characters not mentioned in the somewhat short differential

description.

Tylana confinis, sp. n.

— confinis, Walk., MS.

Ochraceous, mottled with brownish and fuscous ; vertex

with a few brownish speckles; pronotum with an anterior

marginal line of dark punctures and a piceous suffusion at

base ; mesonotum with the basal angles broadly piceous,

containing a small central pale spot; face and clypeus some-

what thickly finely speckled with fuscous ; body beneath and

legs ochraceous, posterior legs mostly piceous brown ; abdo-

men beneath (excluding basal segment) finely speckled with

brown ; tegmina ochraceous, basal third of costal and sub-

costal area and the apical margin fuscous, extreme costal

and apical margins finely spotted with piceous; vertex with

the lateral margins strongly and sharply ridged; face con-

cave, lateral margins ridged, base concave, tricarinate ; outer

margin of clavus a little darkly convexly nodulose near apex

of mesonotum, costal margin obliquely widened for about

one half from base and then straight to apex, which is

broadly transverse ; tibie strongly sulcate.

Long., incl. tegm., 8} mm.

Hab. Sumatra (Wallace, Brit. Mus.).

78 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

Tylana rudis, sp. n.

—— rudis, Walk., MS.

Very pale brownish ochraceous; eyes greyish white;

vertex and pronotum paler than the mesonotum and more or

less speckled with pale brown; mesonotum with about six

pale longitudival ridges; pronotum with three somewhat

obscure ridges, the central ridge straight, the two others

oblique ; body beneath pale ochraceous ; face and legs thickly,

abdomen more sparingly speckled with brownish; tegmina

obscure greyish, darker on basal area, with the veins promi-

nent and slightly tinted with reddish, the costal and apical

margins finely spotted with brownish ; face tricarinate, its

base moderately concave ; pronotum roundly produced ante-

riorly between the posterior area of the eyes, its basal margin

a little rounded; tegmina widened on posterior half, its

apical margin broadly subtruncate, its costal margin oblique

to a little before middle and then nearly straight and slightly

sinuate to apex, posterior claval margin gibbously rounded

near base.

Long. 54 mm.

Hab. Malay Archipelago ; Gilolo (Wallace, Brit. Mus.).

PARATYLANA, gen. NOv.

Allied to Tylana, but with the vertex and face much

narrower, the latter elongate, much longer than wide,

slightly widened before clypeus, the lateral margins strongly

ridged, and with a sublateral longitudinal ridge on each side

which are more or less united near base and before clypeus;

other characters generally as in Tylana.

Type, P. herbida, Walk.

The Tylana laterata, Melich., will be included in this

genus.

Paratylana herbida.

Issus herbidus, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. x. p. 121 (1868).

Tylana herbida, Melich. (part.) Mon. Issiden (Homopt.), p. 206 (1906).

Hab. Mysol.

Paratylana biplaga.

Issus biplaga, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. x. p. 122 (1868),

Tylana herbida, Melich. (part.) Mon, Issiden (Homopt.), p. 206 (1906),

Issus semifascia, Walk., MS.

Hab. Morty and Aru.

i i

— Sh

Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 79

Walker had previously described a species of Jssus front

Hong Kong as Jssus biplaga (List Hom. ii. p. 367, 1851).

Paratylana dimidiata.

Issus dimidiatus, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. x. p. 123 (1868).

Tylana herbida, Melich. (part.) Mon. Issiden (Homopt.), p. 206 (1906).

Hab. Mysol.

Paratylana bifascia.

Issus bifascia, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. x. p. 123 (1868).

Tylana herbida, Melich. (part.) Mon. Issiden (Homopt.), p. 206 (1906).

Hab. New Guinea.

Paratylana picea.

Issus piceus, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 123 (1868).

Tylana picea, Melich. Mon. Issiden, p. 205 (1906).

Hab. Aru, New Guinea.

NEoTYLANA, gen. nov.

Allied to Paratylana by the narrow face and vertex, but

with the face obliquely directed inwardly, and not outwardly

as in Paratylana. Vertex with the lateral margius strongly

ridged ; face nearly three times as long as broad, at base

extended a little above the eyes, where it is very slightly

narrowed, lateral margins strongly ridged, two central longi-

tudinal ridges more or less meeting near base and apex ;

clypeus centrally ridged; pronotum anteriorly conically

produced between the eyes, the basal margin centrally

sinuate, the disk longitudinally depressed; pronotum tri-

carinate ; tegmina short, broad, the costal margin convex,

the apical margin obliquely truncate, posterior margin of

clavus gibbously rounded near base.

Type, N. marginalis, Walk.

Neotylana marginalis.

Hysteropterum marginale, Walk. Ins, Saund., Hom. p. 46 (1858);

Melich. Mon. Issiden, p. 151 (1906).

Hab. Africa; “ Cape Coast.”

Genus NARAYANA.

Narayana, Dist. Faun. Brit. Ind., Rhynch. iii. ene (190F)

Capelopterum, Melich. Mon. Issiden, p. 210 (1906).

80 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

Genus IssoscEPa.

Tssoscepa, Melich. Mon. Issiden, p. 214 (1906).

Type, I. nodipennis, Germ.

Tssoscepa mutilatus.

Hysteropterum mutilatum, Walk, List Hom., Suppl. p. 94 (1858).

Amphiscepa (?) mutilatum, Melich. Mon. Issiden, p. 154 (1906).

Hab. Amazons.

Genus NILALoHITA.

Nilalohita, Dist. Faun. Brit. Ind., Rhynch. iii. p. 358 (1906).

Type, N. curculioides, Dist.

Wilalohita lineata.

Tssus lineatus, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 154 (1857) ; Melich.

Mon. Issiden, p. 315 (1906).

Hab. Borneo; Sarawak (Wallace). Singapore (Ridley).

MAHANORONA, gen. nov.

Head (including eyes) distinctly narrower than pronotum,

vertex subquadrate, its margins ridged ; face about twice as

long as broad, its base rounded, not emarginate, strongly

ampliately rounded before clypeus, centrally longitudinally

tricalinate, the carinations united at base, the two lateral

carinations not reaching clypeus, the lateral margins ridged ;

clypeus centrally longitudinally carinate, its lateral margins

laminately recurved ; pronotum subangularly produced be-

tween eyes, where it is centrally longitudinally carinate ;

mesonotum slightly longer than pronotum, centrally longi-

tudinally carinate, and with a curved carinate line commencing

on each lateral margin at about one-third from base and

meeting near the anterior margin; rostrum considerably

passing the posterior coxe; legs long, posterior tibiee with

five spines, anterior tibie not dilated; tegmina convexly

oblique, a little longer than the abdomen, about twice as

long as broad, the costal margin somewhat concavely sinuate

near middle, radial vein bifurcating at a short distance from

base, upper longitudinal vein bifurcating near middle; be-

tween the longitudinal veins, which are prominent, are

situate a number of irregular transverse veinlets which give

the tegmina a reticulate character.

Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 81

Allied to Nilalohita, Dist., from which it differs by the

tricarinate and basally rounded non-emarginate face, carinate

clypeus, the non-dilated anterior tibiz, and different venation

to tegmina,

Mahanorona cowani, sp. u.

Body above brownish ochraceous, speckled and marked

with black; vertex with two prominent black spots on each

lateral margin; clavus with a prominent transverse black

spot at about one-third from base ; tegmina more densely

spotted with black before and after middle, the latter more

piceous than black ; face black, the lateral margins and the

two outer central earinations more or less spotted with ochra-

ceous, the posterior margin broadly ochraceous ; clypeus,

rostrum, body beneath, and legs ochraceous, speckled and

spotted with black or piceous ; a large black spot on each

side of prosternum and a similar spot on each side of meta-

sternum ; two annulations to anterior and intermediate

coxze, three more or less distinct annulations to anterior and

intermediate femora and tibiz, apex of posterior femora and

all the tarsi more or less purplish brown or piceous; struc-

tural characters as in generic diagnosis.

Long., incl. tegm., 11 mm.

Hab, Madagascar; Mahanoro (Cowan, Brit. Mus.).

Mincorivs, gen. nov.

Head (including eyes) distinctly narrower than pronotum,

vertex subquadrate, foveately depressed, the lateral margins

ridged, the apex truncate ; face about twice as long as broad,

tricarinate, the central carination straight and robust, the

lateral ones curved and not quite reaching base, basal

margin angularly sinuate, posterior margin rounded before

clypeus, which is broad and not carinate ; pronotum mode-

rately short, transverse, anteriorly subconically produced

between the eyes, basal margin truncate, the posterior lateral

angles slightly rounded ; mesonotum longer than pronotum,

broadly triangular, centrally finely carinate ; rostrum almost

reaching the posterior coxz ; legs moderately long, posterior

tibiae with two spines, anterior tibiz distinctly compressed

and dilated ; tegmina convexly oblique, a little longer than

the abdomen, the costal margin a little concavely sinuate

near middle, radial vein bifurcating at a short distance from

base, upper longitudinal vein bifurcating slightly farther on ;

the apical halves of tegmina possess numerous transverse

veins, giving a subreticulate appearance.

82 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

This genus is allied to Nilalohita, Dist., from which it can

be at once separated by the posterior tibiz, which are armed

with two, and not five spines.

Mincopius andamanensis, sp. n.

Brownish ochraceous, speckled and marked with darker

brown ; tegmina with the veins reddish and with some mode-

rately indistinct angulate dark brown markings at and

behind middle; clypeus black, its lateral margins flavous ;

sternum and base of abdomen pale and more stramineous

than above, remainder of abdomen a little darker than

above; legs speckled with castaneous; pronotum finely

granulose ; mesonotum centrally subtriangularly depressed ;

other structural characters as in generic diagnosis.

Long., incl. tegm., 8} mm.

Hab. Andaman Islands (G. Rogers, Brit. Mus.).

DINDINGA, gen. nov.

Head with eyes about as broad as pronotum, the eyes very

large and long, directed backward and almost covering the

whole lateral margins of the pronotum, vertex not extending

beyond the anterior margins of the eyes, subquadrate, its

lateral margins somewhat strongly ridged ; face very much

longer than broad, obliquely directed for a little more than

half its length from base, and strongly and _ horizontally

recurved to base of clypeus, very slightly wider towards apex

than at base, the lateral margins strongly ridged; clypeus

triangular; pronotum short, anteriorly triangularly pro-

duced between eyes, and with a central longitudinal impres-

sion ; mesonotum a little longer than pronotum, centrally

longitudinally impressed, the margins of the impression

ridged; anterior femora flattened, laminately dilated both

above and beneath for nearly their entire length; anterior

tibiz laminately and somewhat convexly widened beneath

for nearly their entire length; intermediate femora simple;

posterior femora much shorter than posterior tibie, slightly

bent, widened apically ; posterior tibiz with two spines ;

tegmina longer than broad, the costal margin slightly but

distinctly sinuate near middle, clavus extending to about

middle of corium, claval vein not reaching apex, middle

longitudinal vein bifurcating at about one-fourth from base,

apical area somewhat thickly transversely veined.

Type, D. oculata, Dist.

Allied to Prosonoma, Melich., from which it differs by the

Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 83

large eyes almost entirely covering the lateral margins of

the pronotum, the two-, not three-spined posterior tibia, the

different shape of the face, which, regarded from the sides,

has a broad obtusely porrect appearance.

Dindinga oculata, sp. n.

Dull reddish ; extreme apices of the anterior and inter-

mediate femora, lower base of the anterior tibie, posterior

tibiz (excluding base and generally apex), and disk of

sternum (more or less) pale greenish ochraceous ; head with

the vertex sometimes greenish ochraceous; pronotum and

base of face more or less granulose ; tegmina mostly rugulose

between the veins, which are very distinct; other structural

characters as in generic diagnosis.

Long. 8-9 mm.

Hab. Dinding Islands (H. N. Ridley, Brit. Mus.). Perak

(Doherty, Coll. Dist.).

Fortunta, gen. nov.

Vertex a little less than twice as long as broad, directed

obliquely downward, rugosely granulose above to a trans-

verse carination between the eyes, behind which it is much

less or very slightly granulose, and before which it is longi-

tudinally tricarinate, the lateral carinations curved, the

lateral areas large and flatly produced downward on each

side ; face small, almost horizontal; clypeus large, globose ;

rostrum very robust, reaching the intermediate coxe ; pro-

notum somewhat short, anteriorly convexly produced between

the posterior areas of the eyes, granulose, centrally longitu-

dinally carinate, the margins finely ridged ; mesonotum

slightly longer than the pronotum, granulose, tricarinate,

the central carination straight, the lateral ones oblique ; legs

more or less longitudinally grooved, anterior tibie strongly

grooved but not dilated, posterior tibiz with two strong

spines placed beyond the middle ; tegmina convexly oblique,

about twice as long as broad, thickly and coarsely reticulate,

the costal margin concavely sinuate at about one-fourth from

base, the upper longitudinal vein bifurcating near base, the

radial vein bifurcating near middle.

Type, F. byrrhoides, Walk.

This genus is allied to Prosonoma, Melich., especially by

the peculiar structure of the head; it differs by the non-

dilated anterior tibie, the bispined posterior tibie, the

centrally carinate pronotum and mesonotum, &c,

84 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

Fortunia byrrhoides.

Issus byrrhoides, Walk. List Hom., Suppl. p. 89 (1858).

Hab. North China (Fortune, Brit. Mus.).

Genus TRIENOPA.

Trienopa, Sign. Ann, Soc. Ent. Fr. (8) viii. p. 188 (1860).

Eriphyle, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1861, p. 208.

Type, 7. flavida, Sign.

Trienopa retracta,

retractus, Walker, MS.

A specimen thus labelled and derived from “ Cape Coast ”

is in the British Museum. It has not been described by

Walker, is allied to longifrons, Walk. (of which it is probably

a pale variety), but is only represented by a single example in

moderate condition.

It has nothing to do with the Issus retractus, Walk. (Journ.

Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 152, 1857), from Borneo, which

belongs to the genus Tetrica, Stal.

Genus TErRIca.

Tetrica, Stél, Hem. Afr. iv. p. 208 (1866); Dist. Faun. Brit. Ind.,

Rhynch. iii. p. 339 (1906). |

Type, 7. fusca, Stal.

Tetrica retracta.

Issus retractus, Walk, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 152 (1857).

Hab. Borneo.

Tetrica ovalis.

Issus ovalis, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 154 (1857).

Hab. Borneo.

Tetrica literosa.

Issus literosus, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 154 (1857).

Hab. Borneo.

Tetrica nanulum.

Hysteropterum nanulum, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. x, p. 126

(1868),

Hab. Morty Island.

Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 85

Genus THABENA.

Thabena, St8l, Hem. Afr. iv. p. 208 (1866); id. Ofv. Vet.-Akud.

Férh. 1870, p. 761; Melich. Mon. Issiden, p. 294 (1906).

Type, 7’. stdli, Melich.

Thabena patula.

Issus patulus, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 153 (1857).

Issus iners, Walk. loc. cit.

Hab. Borneo.

Genus SARIMA.

Sarima, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p, 78 (1903).

Type, S. wlibata, Melich.

Sarima sinensis.

Issus sinensis, Walk. List Hom. ii. p. 367 (1851).

Hab. Hong Kong.

Genus Tempsa.

Tempsa, Stil, Hem. Afr. iv. p. 208 (1866).

Type, 7. malaya, Stal.

Tempsa angusta.

Issus angustus, Walk. List Hom., Suppl. p. 92 (1858).

Hab. Borneo.

Tempsa rogersi, sp. 1.

Dull ochraceous ; vertex with a piceous spot on each

lateral margin; pronotum with two small central spots and

a larger transverse spot on each side behind eyes piceous ;

mesonotum with three large piceous spots, one near each

basal angle and one near apex; face brownish, the lateral

margins paler, with piceous spots, the spots on each side

before clypeus larger and oblique; anterior and intermediate

femora annulated with castaneous brown before apex, the

anterior and intermediate tibiz annulated with castaneous

brown near base and at apex ; tegmina dull ochraceous, with

the veins castaneous and with a series of small piceous spots

on apical margin ; vertex concave, with a very obscure

central carination ; pronotum with a central and mesonotum

86 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

with three carinations ; face centrally carinate, the clypeus

globose at basal area and very strongly centrally carinate.

Long. 10 mm.

Hab. Andaman Islands (G. Rogers, Brit. Mus.).

Genus Evritis.

Eupilis, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soe., Zool. i. p. 93 (1857).

Type, E. albilineola, Walk.

Eupilis hebes.

wey helen, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 162 (1857).

Walk., MS.

Hab. Borneo.

A specimen from Sarawak labelled “ gradiens, Walk.,” is

in the National Collection, but I can find no trace of its

description.

Genus GERGITHUS.

Gergithus, Stil, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Férh. 1870, p. 756, note.

Type, G. schaumi, Stal.

Gergithus niger.

Hemispherius niger, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. P. 155 (1857) ;

Melich. Mon. Issiden, p. 76 (1906).

Hab. Malay Peninsula.

Genus HeMIsPH&RIUS.

Hemispherius, Schaum, in Ersch & Gruber, Allg. Enc. Wissensch.

Kiinste, i. p. 71 (1850).

Type, H. coccinelloides, Burm.

Hemispherius lativitta.

Hemispherius lativitta, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. x. p. 180

(1868).

Herophila lativitta, Melich. Mon. Issiden, p. 57 (1906).

Hab. Morty Island.

Hemispherius variabilis.

Hemispherius variabilis, Butl. Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xvi. p. 98,

t. iv. fig. 21 (1875).

Gergithus variabilis, Melich. Mon. Issiden, p. 65 (1906).

Hab. Japan.

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hast. &. 8. Vol. IV. Pl. IV

On new Shells from West Ajrica. 87

MonGOLIANA, gen. nov.

Closely allied to Hemispherius, but separated by the

different structure of the face, which is a little longer than

broad, with the lateral margins slightly convex and a little

widened at middle (not obliquely widened from base to near

clypeus as in Hemispherius) ; the lateral margins are also

inwardly bordered by a linear series of very small tubercles.

Type, M. chilocorides, Walk.

Mongoliana chilocorides.

Hemispherius chilocorides, Walk. List Hom. ii. 2 379 (1851).

Gergithus chilocorides, Melich. Mon. Issiden, p. 67 (1906).

Hab. Hong Kong (Brit. Mus.).

Mongoliana recurrens.

Hemispherius recurrens, Butl. Ann. & Mag, Nat. Hist.( 4) xvi. p. 98,

t. iv. fig. 20 (1875); Melich. Mon. Issiden, p. 85 (1906).

Hab. China; Fowchowfoo (Lay, Brit. Mus.).

IX.—WNew Land and Freshwater Shells from West Africa.

By H. B. Preston, F.Z.8.

(Plate 1V.]

Ennea (Gulella) pallaryi, sp.n. (Fig. 1.)

Differing from LE. capitata, Gld.*, from Liberia, in its

more conical form, slightly more contracted base, and in the

last two whorls being much narrower ; instead of bearing

three teeth on the outer lip in addition to those on the colu-

mella and at the base, as in LZ. capitata, there are but two.

Alt. 11°75, diam. maj. 6°25 mm.

Aperture: alt. 2°75, diam, 2°25 mm.

ab, Assinie.

In the year 1842 Reeve described in the Proc. Zool. Soc. a

rR Achatina tincta, which he figured in the same year in

the ‘Conchologia Systematica’; this shell, which he says

was in the Cuming Collection, cannot now be found, and as

* Bost. Proc. i. p. 158 (1843),

88 Mr. H. B. Preston on new

it is probable that the late Mr. Cuming parted with it at a

later date, it may be considered as lost; this figure has all

the appearance of a young specimen of A. vartegata, Lk., and

is certainly not the same species as that figured later by

Reeve in the ‘ Conchologia Iconica’*. This latter, though

figured as A. tincta, and which is now in the British Mu-

seum, seems to be a varietal form of A. weynest, Dautz.T.

Pfeiffer {, misled by Reeve’s later illustration, figured several

specimens of what he took to be A. tineta, but his figures,

though possibly belonging to the same species as that figured

by Reeve in the ‘ Conchologia Iconica,’ certainly have nothing

to do with that figured in the first place by him in the

‘Conchologia Systematica.’ There are two other shells in

the British Museum, one marked “ A. tincta, var.,” also from

the Cuming Collection, and bearing locality ‘ Fernando Po,”

and the other a poor specimen unnamed, but obviously

belonging to the same species, with locality ‘‘ Upper Congo” ;

these agree very fairly with the specimen now figured and

described, and for which I propose the name of Achatina

thotelleriana.

Achatina lhotelleriana, sp.n. (Fig. 2.)

Shell oblong-ovate, obtuse, covered with a _ smooth

yellowish-brown periostracum and painted with irregular

transverse chestnut bands and flame-markings ; upper whorls

tinged with rose ; whorls 74, flattened but inflated, sculptured

with transverse lines of growth and very minute spiral striz

only visible with the aid of a lens, and showing minute

granulation in places ; sutures impressed, margined, slightly

crenulate; columella bluish white, much twisted, descending

vertically, obliquely truncate below, and spreading above

into a parietal callus which reaches the upper margin of the

whorl about 1 mm. behind the extremity of the outer lip;

peristome thin, simple above, slightly reflexed below, tinged

with reddish brown ; aperture inversely auriform ; interior

of shell bluish, glossy.

Alt. 72, diam. maj. 39 mm.

Aperture: alt. 37, diam. 18 mm.

Hab. S. Antonio, left bank of Congo Delta.

Dreissensia bananaensis, sp.n. (Fig. 3.)

Shell slightly inequivalve, elongately subtrigonal, broad,

* Reeve, Conch. Icon. v. pl. xi. fig. 29.

+ Ann. Soc. malac. Belgique, xxxiv. p. 27.

{ Pfeiffer, Malak. Bl. xvi. 1869, p. 253, pl. i. figs, 1-4.

Shells from West Africa. 89

covered with a coarsely laminiferous reddish-brown peri-

ostracum ; interior of shell whitish, gradually changing to

dark blackish purple.

Long. 11, lat. 6°25 mm.

Hab. Banana Creek, Congo Delta.

Separable from D. lacustris, Morl,*, by its much broader

and more trigonal form, its more laminiferous periostracum,

and darker interior, which in D, lacustris is quite white.

Dreissensia gibberosa, sp.n. (Fig. 4.)

Shell inequivalve, mytiliform, rather sharply curved,

broad in proportion to its length, covered with a dark brown

laminiferous periostracum; interior of shell bluish white,

stained in places with greyish brown and pencilled with

longitudinal greyish-brown lines.

Long. 20, lat. 13 mm.

Hab. Assinie.

Differing from D. ornata, Morl., its nearest ally, in being

much larger and smoother; the pencilled lines in the interior

are also much coarser.

Unio (Nodularia) subnigra, sp.n. (Fig. 5.)

Shell oblong-ovate,covered with a dark brown periostracum,

smooth centrally, but becoming laminiferous towards the

margins, especially posteriorly ; umboes moderately small,

situated subcentrally ; dorsal margin slightly arched ; ventral

margin gently curved; anterior side flattened, bluntly

rounded ; posterior side very obtusely angled; left valve

bearing a cardinal jagged lamelliform tooth; anterior teeth

wedge-shaped, with jagged edges ; posterior teeth fine, elon-

gate, smooth; interior of shell pale flesh-colour, changing

towards the anterior and posterior margins to iridescent livid

blue.

Long. 31-5, lat. 49 mm.

Hab. Lower Belgian Congo.

Mutela lhotelleriana, sp.n. (Fig. 6.)

Shell rhomboidal, slightly gaping at both sides, covered

with an olive-green periostracum, marked with coarse irre-

gular concentric lines of growth and indistinct radiate ridges,

a minute oblique striate sculpture being apparent in places

under a lens; umboes small, not prominent, situated very

* Morlet, Journ, de Conch. 1885, p. 32,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 7

90 On new Shells from West Africa.

anteriorly; dorsal margin sloping; ventral margin nearly

straight; anterior side flattened, rounded; posterior side

tumid, somewhat rostrate, sloping above, rounded below;

interior of shell pale livid flesh-colour.

Long. 35, lat. 88 mm.

Hab. Gaboon.

Spatha semicorrugata, sp.n. (Fig. 7.)

Shell oblong, solid, covered with a blackish-brown peri-

ostracum which is minutely wrinkled posteriorly, sculptured

with rather coarse concentric lines of growth and corrugated

on the upper portion of the posterior side; umboes small,

situated somewhat anteriorly ; ligament elongate, not promi-

nent; dorsal margin slightly arched posteriorly, sloping

anteriorly ; ventral margin nearly straight; anterior side

angled, bluntly acuminate; interior of shell rosy pink,

iridescent, especially towards the margins.

Long. 51°5, lat. 87 mm.

Hab. Lower Congo.

Corbicula gabonensis, sp. n. (Fig. 8.)

Shell rotundly trigonal, somewhat inflated, chalky white,

covered with a fine, polished, smooth, olive-green peri-

ostracum, sculptured with regular, somewhat distant, con-

centric ribs ; umboes livid purple; ventral margin gently

rounded; anterior side bluntly rounded ; posterior side very

slightly produced, rounded ; cardinal teeth two in each valve,

rather coarse; lateral teeth elongate, serrated ; interior of

shell livid purple.

Long. 22, lat. 23°25 mm.

Hab, Gaboon.

Galatea rubrotincta, sp.n. (Fig. 9.)

Shell subtrigonal, white, covered with a smooth brownish-

olive periostracum, occasionally spotted with umber-brown

and tinged, especially anteriorly, with rusty red, smooth,

posteriorly radiately grooved, bearing a lunule on either side ;

umboes large and prominent; anterior side steeply sloping

above, sharply rounded below; posterior side concave,

abruptly sloping above, bluntly rostrate below; ventral

margin gently rounded ; teeth large, coarse, finely granular,

somewhat lacerated, especially on the right valve; interior

of shell pure white.

Long. 39, lat. 41 mm.

Hab. Congo Delta.

On new Coleoptera from the Oriental Region. 91

Fischeria globosa, sp.n. (Fig. 10.)

Shell irregularly trigonal, very much inflated, bluish white

covered with a pale dive. reen periostracum, marked with

indistinct concentric lines of growth, which become wrinkled

and more apparent posteriorly ; umboes violet, large, promi-

nent; ligament short, prominent; dorsal margin strongly

arched ; ventral margin sinuous; anterior side acuminately

rounded ; posterior side rostrate, angled; right valve bearing

one squarish, slightly bifid cardinal tooth, a somewhat twisted

posterior lateral ne a very fine elongate anterior lateral

tooth ; left valve bearing two rounded cardinal teeth, the

lateral teeth being almost obsolete on both sides ; interior of

shell bluish lilac, with a somewhat granular surface.

Long. 14, lat. 18 mm.

Hab, Congo Delta.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV.

Fig. 1, Ennea (Gulella) pallaryi, sp. n.

‘gy. 2. Achatina lhotelleriana, sp. n.

1g. 3. Dreissensia bananaensis, sp. 0.

Fig. gibberosa, sp. n.

Unio (Nodularia) subnigra, sp. n.

. Mutela lhotelleriana, sp. u.

pee semicorrugata, 8p. Nn.

‘orbicula gabonensis, sp. n.

. Galatea rubrotincta, sp. u,

‘ischeria globosa, sp. n.

SH MONA eto

X.—Four new Lamellicorn Coleoptera from the Oriental

Region. By Gitsert J. Arrow.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In a recent part of the ‘Annals’ I published some notes

upon African species of the genus Sisyphus. Having at the

same time examined such other types of the genus as are

accessible to me, I now give a few notes upon Oriental

species. These are not nearly so numerous as their African

congeners, and the following is a complete list of those at

present known :—

*bowringt, White, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1844, xiv.

p. 423, Hong Kong.

92 Mr. G. J. Arrow on new

denticrus,'Fairm. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1886, (6) vi.

p- 320. Yunnan.

*hirtus, Wied. Zool. Mag. 1823, ii. 1, p. 24. S. India.

? neglectus, Gory, Mon. Sisyphus, 1833, p. 14, fig. 11.

? prominens, Walk. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1859, (3) iv. p. 219.

*setosulus, Walk. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1858, (3) ii. p. 208.

*indicus, Hope, Zool. Misc. 1831, p. 22. N. India.

*caschmirensis, Redt. Hiigel’s Kaschmir, 1848, iv. 2, p. 516.

longipes, Oliv. Ent. i. 3, p. 164, pl. xix. fig. 177. India.

minutus, Ent. Syst. 1792, i. p. 70.

*helwigi, F., Ent. Syst., Supp. p. 35.

morvo, Sp. N. N. China.

*subsidens, Walk. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1858, (3) ii.

p- 208. Ceylon.

tarantula, sp. n. Ceylon.

thoracicus, Sharp, Col. Hefte, 1875, xiii. p. 39.

Singapore.

I have marked with an asterisk those species of which I

have been able to examine the types, some of them, by the

kindness of Drs. Ganglbauer and Boving, sent to me for the

purpose from the Viennaand Copenhagen Museums. Of the

three Ceylon species of Walker the types of two are in the

British Museum, S. setosulus being synonymous with S. hirtus,

Wied., while S. subsidens is a smaller form, less closely

setose, with the front angles of the thorax a little produced.

The type of S. prominens, Walk., however, like the types of

all the Coleoptera enumerated in the “ Addenda” to Walker’s

paper of 1859, is undiscoverable, and its determination from

the description being impossible, it must of necessity be

treated as non-existent.

Sisyphus tarantula, sp. n.

Niger, capite prothoraceque leviter cupreis, levis, subsericeus, supra

ubique parce setosus, setis uncinatis, clypeo antice sat distanter

bispinoso, capite punctato; pronoto vix punctato, angusto, con-

vexo, medio lineato-sulcato ; elytris subtiliter crenato-striatis ;

sterno distincte parce punctato; pedibus longissimis, femoribus

quatuor posterioribus postice angulatim laminatis, posticis etiam

Coleoptera from the Oriental Region. 93

ibi tuberculo armato, tibiis quatuor posterioribus ante medium

arcuatis, intermediis intus spino armatis, trochanteribus posticis

longe spinosis.

Long. 11 mm.; lat. max. 6-5 mm.

Hab. Ceylon.

I have seen only two males, one in the British Museum

and the other in Mr. George Lewis’s collection and found by

him in the dense jungle overhanging Balangoda (3500 feet

alt.) in April 1882.

dt is a large species, most resembling certain African

Sisypht with similar slender and grotesquely-shaped legs.

Tt is like S. guadricollis, Gory, but the colour is different,

the legs are still longer, and the middle and hind femora are

dilated in the middle. The head and thorax are slightly

coppery and the surface rather smooth, with separate hooked

sel.

Sisyphus morio, sp. n.

Niger, supra opacus, minutissime vix perspicue setosus, sat latus ;

capite granuloso, antice late bidentato; prothorace transverso,

modice convexo, crebre punctato, angulis anticis prominentibus,

posticis valde obtusis ; elytris brevibus, granuloso-rugosis, leviter

striatis ; pygidio varioloso; corpore subtus nitido, punctato ;

femoribus quatuor posterioribus fortiter clavatis, trochanteribus

posticis nodosis :

¢, femore postico subtus obtuse dentato, tibia postica valde arcuata,

intus tuberculis 6—8 armata.

Long. 10-11 mm. ; lat. max. 6-5-7 mm.

Hab. N. China: Ai-San, 30 miles W. of Che-foo (J. P.

Anderson) ; Shan-hai-kwan (fF. M. Thomson).

This is a rather large species, more massive than usual,

and clothed only with microscopic, scarcely perceptible sete.

It is evidently related very closely to S. denticrus, Fairm.,

but is much larger, and the tooth to the hind femur of the

male is not acute nor directed forward.

Drepanocerus runicus, sp. 0.

, subopacus, deplanatus, ovatus, prothoracis lateribus elytro-

_ rumque apicibus setis nonnullis instructis ; capite rugoso, postice

_ breviter 3-carinato, clypeo obtuse bidentato; prothorace sat lato,

_ erebre punctato, acute 6-carinato, antice medio foveato ; elytris

ctato-striatis, singulo carina dorsali acuta arcuuta, postice

tus ducta, instructo :

94 On new Coleoptera from the Oriental Region.

dé, pronoto antice bicornuto, cornubus crassis parallelis fere

conicalibus :

Q, prothoracis carinis duabus externis integris, simplice arcuatis,

duabus internis brevibus posticis, duabus intermediis sinuatis

antice bifidis.

Long. 3-5-4 mm. ; lat. max. 15-2 mm.

Hab. Upper Burma: Karen Hills, Asciuit Gheeu, 4200-

4500 feet alt. (ZL. Fea, April 1888).

The type is in the British Museum, and there are other

specimens of the same series in the Genoa Museum. It isa

small, flattened, and rather smooth species, with the sete

restricted to the margins of the prothorax and the extremities

of the elytra. The clypeus is not deeply emarginate. The

pronotum is hollowed at the middle of the anterior half and

bears three pairs of sharp and gracefully curved carine,

the two inner ones on each side being bisinuous and inter-

twined. The elytra, besides the carinate outer margins, bear

a pair of curved carine, which are wide apart anteriorly and

almost meet at the apex.

Rhyparus nilgirensis, sp. n.

Rufo-piceus, haud nitidus, antennis flavibus, elongatus, parallelus ;

capite sat lato, undique punctato, medio bi-, postice quadri-

cristato, clypeo antice recto, angulis acuminatis; prothorace

longitudine fere ad latitudinem equali, dense punctato, lateribus

antice et medio fortiter dilatatis, carinis duabus medianis postice

sat late divergentibus, intermediis ante medium interruptis,

externis sinuatis; elytris modice longis, singulo valde et acute

quadricostato, interstitiis utrinque grosse seriato-punctatis, costis

duabus dorsalibus postice abbreviatis, prominentibus; pygidio

medio carinato; metasterno medio fortiter sulcato, lateribus

grosse punctatis.

Long. 4-5 mm.

Hab. Nilgiri Hills, 3500 feet alt. (HZ. L. Andrewes).

Mr. Andrewes found several specimens in July 1908, which

were attracted to light.

This is the only species of this curious genus of Aphodiidz

so far known from India, and the smallest known to me in

the genus. It resembles PR. gracilis, Arrow, but is less

narrow in shape, the anterior angles of the thorax are sharper,

and the second carina on each side extends a little beyond

the middle. The specimens are of a pitchy-red colour and

devoid of the earthy covering frequently present.

SMITH.

VOLUTA

IRVIN Ze

On Voluta norrisii, V. piperita, §-. HM)

X1I.—WNotes on Voluta norrisii, V. piperita, V. sophia, and

Description of a new Species. By Epaar A. Samira,

[Plate V.}

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Voluta norrist?, Gray (nec auctorum).

Voluta norrissii (sic), Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. i. p. 414 (1838).

Voluta piperita, Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1844, p. 150; Thes. Conch.

vol. i. p. 199, pl. li. fig. 62 (1844); Reeve, Conch. Icon. vol. vi.

pl. vii. figs. 16a, 166 (1849).

Scapha piperita, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1855, p. 56; List Moll. Brit.

Mus. part i. Volutidae, p. 10 (1855).

Voluta (Scapha) piperita, Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 51.

Voluta (Vespertilio) piperita, Tryon, Man. Conch. vol. iv. p. 87,

pl. xxvi. fig. 60; Crosse, J. de Conch. 1871, vol. xix. p. 280.

Hab. Woodlark Island (Angas) ; New Georgia, Solomon

Islands (J. Brazier, fide Crosse); Rubiana, Solomon Archi-

pelago (Petterd). ,

The original description by Gray of Voluta norrisii appears

to have been overlooked by or inaccessible to nearly every

writer upon the genus; even Gray himself apparently forgot

that he had described a species under that name, for in 1855

he quoted it as of Sowerby. Sowerby did indeed describe a

Voluta norristt in 1844, which is the shell that has been

always known under that name. It is, however, quite

distinct from Gray’s norrisii, which, moreover, is the same as

V. piperita of Sowerby. The following is Gray’s descrip-

tion :-—“‘ Voluta norrissii [sic !].—Greyish white, very minutely

black dotted, with broad, black, wavy, irregular longitudinal

streaks, with three bands with paler dots and streaks ;

nucleus blunt, upper part slightly crenated; last whorl sub-

angular; mouth bright orange, with a white edge to the

outer lip.

“Inhab. ? Cabinet, Mr. Norris.

“Very like Voluta nervosa [sic!], but the shell is minutely

black dotted, the longitudinal streaks are broader, and the

three dark bands are rather more towards the front of the

shell ; the hinder one occupies the whole of the spine [sic],

should be ‘ spire] and hinder slope of the last whorl.”

On comparing this description with the figures of V. piperita

given by Sowerby and Reeve, it will at once be seen to agree

perfectly with them—indeed, it must have been based upon

the same shell from Mr. Norris’s collection which was

96 Mr. E. A. Smith on

described by Sowerby under the name of V. piperita, and at

the time was unique.

Voluta macgillivray?, Cox*, from Woodlark Island, is a

light-coloured variety of the present species, and V. rucker?,

Crosse, is also regarded as a highly coloured form.

Voluta oblita, nom. nov.

Voluta norristi, Sowerby (non Gray), Proc. Zool. Soc. 1844, p. 150;

Thes. Conch. vol. i. p. 201, pl. li. fig. 65 ; Reeve, Conch. Icon. vol. vi.

pl. vii. tig. 15.

Scapha norrisit, Sowb. (non Gray), Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1855, p. 56;

List Moll. Brit. Mus. part i. Volutide, p. 10 (1855).

Voluta (Vespertilio) norristi, Tryon, Man, Conch. vol. iv. p. 86,

pl. xxv. fig. 55.

Hab. Depuch Island (Dring); Nichol Bay (Cox) ; Monte-

bello Islands (7. H. Haynes) ; Tien Tsin, Flying Foam

Passage, and Camden Harbour (Petterd); King George’s

Sound (Angas). The last locality is doubtful.

This well-known species is the Voluta norrisii of all authors,

but not the species described by Gray in 1838 under that

name. It is closely related to V.nivosa, Lamarck, but is

separable on account of the general tone of its coloration,

usually shorter form, usually more strongly spinose coronation

of the whorls, and much less distinct lineations on the trans-

verse bands. These lines also, asarule, are notso wavy. In

the spaces between the lineated zones there is a mottling of

brown or olivaceous markings, which does not occur in

V. nivost. :

If we consider this shell a variety of V. ntvosa, we must

then, to be consistent, also unite with it V. sophia, Gray,

which, with the exception of the rows of black spots and the

white columellar folds, does not present any distinguishing

features from the present species. Stull the three forms,

judging from the series of specimens which have been

examined, are nearly always readily separable and have

different geographical ranges. ‘There is, however, a short

coronated variety of nivosa which approaches very closely to

some forms of oblita.

Voluta sophia, Gray.

Voluta sophia, Gray, Ann. & Mag, Nat. Hist. 1846, vol. xviii. p. 431;

id. in Jukes’s Voy. ‘Fly, vol. ii. p. 355, pl. i. figs. 1, 2 (1847) ;

Reeve, Conch. Icon. vol. vi. pl. x. fig. 21 (1849) ; Sowerby, The-

saurus Conch. vol. iii. p. 270, pl. eclxi. fig. 182 (1864).

Voluta ( Vespertilio) sophia, Tryon, Man. Conch. vol. iy. p. 87, pl. xxv.

fig. 59 (1882) ; Crosee, J. de Conch. 1871, vol. xix. p. 279.

* Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 568, pl. xviii. fig. 9.

Voluta norrisii, V. piperita, &e. 97

Hab, Endeavour Straits and Port Essington, North

Australia ; Warrior Reef and Darnley Island (Petterd).

In the Proc. Zool. Soc. 1855, p. 63, and List of Volutidae

Brit. Mus. 1855, p. 20, Gray quotes this species as being

figured in Stokes’s Voy. in Australia, pl. iil. fig. 1. This

certainly is a mistake, which evidently arose from the fact

that the surname of the lady after whom the shell was

named was Stokes, and this unfortunately was accidentally

quoted instead of Jukes. Curiously enough there is a work

by J. L. Stokes, ‘ Discoveries in Australia &c.,’ published in

1846, the year in which this species was described,

Voluta irvine, sp. n. (Plate V.)

Voluta norrisit, var. irvine, Cox, MSS. in litt.

Shell oblong, subpiriform, rather ventricose, light salmon-

red, with numerous white flecks forming three zones upon

the body-whorl—one at the shoulder or upper end, one central,

and the third anterior. There are two intermediate zones

without white flecks, but marked with numerous longitudinal,

irregular, wavy, dark brown lines. The upper zone is the

broader, and falls rather above the middle of the whorl.

Whorls 6, the first three forming a large nipple-like apex,

noduled above ; the penultimate oblique and excavated above,

then angled and coronated with about fourteen small short

hollow spines ; the body-whorl is also excavated above and

has a similar coronation of about twenty spines; it is

rounded at the shoulder below the spines; the concavity of

these two whorls exhibits numerous radiating dark brown

streaks of varying lengths; the anterior end and the fasciole

of the body-whorl are marked with fine wavy red lines ;

aperture large, whitish within, becoming somewhat orange at

the lip ; the band of dark lines forms an obscure zone within

at the middle ; labrum not thickened, rather deeply sinuated

at the suture ; columellar folds four in number, white, promi-

nent; extreme end of columella orange-red.

Length 110, diam. 60 mm. ; aperture with the labrum

90 long, diam. 30 mm.

Hab. “ From one of the many reefs off Rat Nest Island,

off Freemantle in Western Australia” (Dr. J. C. Cow in litt.).

This remarkable shell was sent to Mr. J. H. Ponsonby by

Dr. Cox, with the request that it might be described and

placed in the British Museum. Mr. Ponsonby kindly handed

on the specimen to me for examination and description.

Its nearest ally is V. nivosa, from which it differs in several

characters. It is larger, the spire shorter, and the upper

98 Mr. O. Thomas on new

part of the last two whorls is deeply channelled. The

tubercles forming the coronation are hollow spines, and far

more numerous, almost double the number of the nodosities

in nivosa. The ground-colour is salmon-red and the white

markings take the form of flecks or splashes rather than of

spots and dots. The aperture is large and whiter within, and

the columellar folds are white.

V. nivosa, V. irvine, V. oblita (=norrist, auct., nec Gray),

and V, sophia form a group of species which possess some

features in common, namely, the radiating brown lines upon

the spire, the coronated whorls, brown or reddish lineation on

the anterior fasciole, and two transverse colour-bands, more

or less lineated except in V. sophia, and they all exhibit

white spotting or mottling upon the rest of the surface of the

body-whorl. This is not seen in any of the published figures

of V. sophia, but it does occur in some examples,

It becomes a question of regarding these four forms as

distinct or as local races of one species with a wide geogra-

phical range upon the north and west coasts of Australia.

V. nivosa and V. irvine are the two most southern forms,

occurring off Swan River and as far north as Shark’s Bay ;

V. oblita ranges further north, about the Dampier Archipelago,

and V. sophia is restricted to the extreme north of the

continent.

Mr. W. F. Petterd, who does not accord specific rank to

norrisit (auct.) and sophia, Gray, has given the distribution

of these forms and of V. ntvosa (Journ. of Conch. vol. il.

p- 341).

XII.—New African small Mammals in the British Museum

Collection. By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees.)

AmonG the following new animals special attention may be

directed to the interesting new genus of Muride discovered

by Dr. Hinde in the coast region of British East Africa, to

the new Taphozous also sent by him from the same district,

and to the new Heterocephalus trom Somaliland, in connexion

with whose descriptions I have ventured on some speculations

about the dental formula in the group.

Taphozous hildegardee, sp. n.

An African representative of the Asiatic black-bearded

T. melanopogon.

African small Mammals. 99

Radio-metacarpal pouch distinct. Lower lip scarcely

rooved. No gular sac in male or female ; a well-marked

blackish beard in the male, covering the whole under surface

of the throat. Upper surface pale brown, the bases of the

hairs white, their tips chocolate-brown. Lips and chin

anterior to the beaid'pale brown. Belly white, a few hairs

tipped with brown. Limbs pale brown. Upperside of

antebrachial, interfemoral, and wing-membranes near the

body also brown, the more distal part of wing-membrane

whiter ; underside of all membranes white, as is the fur on

the membrane on each side of the body. Lars, feet, and tail

about as in 7. melanopogon.

Skull as in 7. melanopogon, but rather larger, and the

brain-case broader.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-specimen) :—

Forearm 70 mm. (another ¢ 67°5,a 9 65°5).

Head and body 83; tail 22; ear 20; third finger, meta-

carpal 61, first phalanx 21°5, second phalanx 24; lower leg

and foot (c. u.) 37°5.

Skull: greatest length 21°7; front of canine to back of

m* 9°2,

Hab. Mombasa district. Type from Rabai, 700’; others

from Shimoni, sea-level.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 9. 6.12.7. Original num-

ber 613. Collected and presented by Dr. and Mrs. Hinde.

Four specimens.

This is a most interesting species, as it represents in Africa

the Asiatic black-bearded 7. melanopogon, not known west of

India proper. From this it is distinguished by its larger

size, the greater extension over the throat of the black beard

(more as in 7. theobaldi), and its broader skull. No known

African species are at all like it.

I have named the species in honour of Mrs. Hinde, who

has so ably assisted in her husband’s East-African collecting-

work, and who has taken a special interest in bats.

Crocidura nanilla, sp. n.

Closely allied to C. nana, Dobs., of Somaliland, but even

smaller. Colour and proportions about as in that animal.

Body slaty above, rather paler below; chin, hands, and

feet white. ‘Tail brown above, white below, smooth, finely

ringed, well provided with longer bristles. No lateral gland

perceptible in a female.

Skull smaller and with a shorter brain-case than in C. nana.

100 Mr. O. Thomas on new

Teeth more delicate, the concavities on the posterior side of

p*, m’, and m? deeper.

Dimensions of the ty pe(measured on the spirit-specimen) :-—

Head and body 41 mm.; tail 31; hind foot 8:2; ear 6:3.

Skull: condylo-incisive length (to front face of incisors) 15 ;

greatest breadth 6°8; height of brain-case 3:4; front of

incisor to hinder corner of m? 6:2.

Hab, Uganda (probably Entebbe).

Type. Female in spirit. B.M. no. 9. 7.14.1. Original

number 856. Collected by Herr Simon.

This species shares with C. nana its exceedingly low

flattened brain-case, that of the equally small C. bottegz, Thos.,

being very markedly higher.

The type specimen of C. nanilla has on one side an extra

tooth behind the usual unicuspids of Crocidura, aud so may

be said to be a Pachyura on one side and a Crocidura on the

other. But the extra tooth is abnormal in shape, not like

that of Pachyura, and I have therefore disregarded it in

allocating the species to its genus.

Heliosciurus undulatus dolosus, subsp. n.

Colour throughout, as compared with typical undulatus,

duller and more smoky, the rusty or tawny replaced by

smoky grey-brown. Upper surface dark coarsely grizzled

grey, the hairs broadly blackish at base, then dull cream-

buff, the narrow subterminal rings white. Under surface

dull brownish, with a slight buffy suffusion. Front of arms

to wrists and outer side of legs dark grizzled grey like body,

inner sides dull brownish rusty ; hands and feet dull grizzled

ochraceous. Tail ringed greyish, without (at least at its

base) any mixture of rusty, the hairs with 4 or 5 black rings

and as many dull whitish ones. .

Size apparently as in true urdulatus, but no measurements

available.

Hab. Mafia Island, off coast of German E. Africa.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 8.6.19. 8. Collected and’

presented by Stewart Walrond, Esq.

This Mafia squirrel is readily distinguishable from true

f7. undulatus by its generally darker tone and the replace-

ment of the rufous colour by dull brownish. It has, in fact, a

great resemblance, especially when viewed from below, to

some of the members of the HH. rufobrachiatus group. It

may, however, be distinguished from these by the prominent

white ticking of the upper surface, the differently coloured

Me «

African small Mammals. 101

feet, and by its geographical isolation, the nearest forms of

H. rufobrachiatus being H.r. nyanse of Kavirondo, Mount

Elgon, &c., and //. r. semlikit ot the Semliki and Entebbe.

Helioscturus undulatus daucinus, subsp. n.

More rufous throughout than true undulatus. Whole of

head of the same vivid rusty colour as the belly, though

broken,. by.a few black-tipped subterminally white-ringed

hairs. Back strongly suffused with red, the hairs blackish

brown for their cam 4 mm. only, then broadly orange-rufous

nearly or quite to the subterminal buffy-whitish band, the

extreme tips black. Arms and hands completely rusty from

elbow and hind limbs from middle of tibiz, the inner side of

the latter of rather a deeper red than elsewhere. Tail-hairs,

instead of being ringed throughout, with their basal three-

“fourths uniform brilliant orange-rufous, succeeded by a black

subterminal and a cream-buff terminal band.

Skull as in true undulatus.

Dimensions of the type :—

Hind foot 54 mm.

Skull: greatest length 54; condylo-basal length 50;

length of upper tooth-row 10°6.

Hlab. Mombasa, Brit. E. Africa.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 80. 11. 30. 3. Collected by

Sir John Kirk.

This squirrel is readily recognized by its red head and the

nearly wholly red hairs of its tail.

The Heliosciurus gambianus Group.

An earlier name than gambianus is commonly used in

connexion with this group of squirrels, namely Desmarest’s

Sciurus annulatus. But I am not prepared to accept it as

determinable. ‘The description* is not in the least dia-

gnostic, no locality is recorded, and the type is no longer in

the Paris Museum. S. annulatus may therefore have been

any ring-tailed squirrel from any part of the world, and its

arbitrary assignation to the present animal is only productive

of confusion. It should therefore be set aside as indeter-

minable.

Of this group the following species at least appear to be

recognizable :—

* Desm, Mamm. ii. p. 338 (1822),

102 Mr. O. Thomas on new

H. gambianus, Og.—General colour sandy fawn, without

suffusion of rufous ; underparts white. Hab. W. Africa,

Gambia to Nigeria.

H. isabellinus, Gray.—General colour darker grizzled grey-

brown, a certain buffy suffusion both in the upper and

ventral colours. Hab. Angola.

Dr. Ansorge obtained at Canhoca, N. Angola, a specimen

agreeing closely with Gray’s type of tsabellinus, of which no

exact locality had previously been recorded.

H. rhodesie, Wrought.*—Clear grizzled grey throughout,

with scarcely any yellowish or buffy suffusion; under

surface white; tips of tail-hairs prominently white.

Hab. Northern Rhodesia and neighbouring parts of

S.E. Congo State.

H. multicolor, Riipp.—General colour richer and darker than

in the western forms. Under surface more or less

suffused with rufous, which sometimes covers the whole

of the belly, inner side of limbs, and base of tail, and

is sometimes restricted to the anal region. Hab.

Abyssinia.

Allied to this, and, as I consider, subspecies of it, are

Neumann’s //. kaffensis and abassensis.

H. bongensis, Heugl.—Distinguishable from all other mem-

bers of the group by its small size, its skull being

conspicuously smaller than in multicolor and its nasals

shorter. General colour pale grizzled sandy above,

greyer on the sides, white below, the anal region tawny

or ochraceous. Had. Bahr-el-Gazal, ranging west-

wards to the Shari R.

The following four new forms may be described as sub-

species of H. multicolor :—

Heliosciurus multicolor lateris, subsp. n.

General characters of true multicolor, but paler throughout.

Colour almost as in H. bongensis, the general tone clear

greyish, with but little buffy suffusion. Belly and inner

sides of limbs white, no buffy present, not even along the

* Funisciurus annulatus rhodesie, Wroughton, Mem, Manchester Soc.

li. no. 5, p. 15 (1907).

African small Mammals. 103

outer edge of the forearms. Hands and feet greyish, be-

coming white terminally, without buffy. Tail ringed black

and greyish white, its basal three inches below buffy along

the middle line, but the remainder without buffy suffusion,

Skull and feet rather smaller than in true multicolor,

markedly larger than in bongensts,

Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :—

Head and body 240 mm.; tail 240; hind foot (c.) 44.

Skull: greatest length 46°5; basilar length 35°5 ; zygo-

matic breadth 27; nasals 15°3; length of upper cheek-tooth

series 8°6.

Hab, Lado.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 87. 12. 1.35. Collected

16th February, 1884, and presented by Dr. Emin Pasha.

This is evidently a desert-squirrel, distinguished from true

H. multicolor by its paler colour and from LH. bongensis by

its larger size.

Heliosciurus multicolor elegans, subsp. n.

External appearance quite as in pale, not strongly buffy,

examples of true Abyssinian multicolor, although the inter-

mediate forms kaffensis, abassensis, and omensis are so different.

Upper surface grizzled grey, lightly suffused with buffy ;

under surface dull whitish ; ears, edges of forearms, upper

surface of hands and feet, and anal region buffy. ‘l'ail-hairs

with the light rings strongly buffy proximally, buffy white

terminally.

Skull markedly larger than in any other member of the

group, the brain-case long and narrow; forehead flat; post-

orbital processes widely expanded; teeth rather small in

proportion.

Dimensions of type :—

Hind foot 48 mm.

Skull: greatest length 50°5; basilar length 39; zygo-

matic breadth 29°5; nasals 15°5 ; upper cheek-tooth series 9-2.

Hab. Mt. Elgon, British E. Africa.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 93. 2. 3. 12. Original

number 5. Collected February 1890, and presented by F. J.

Jackson, Esq.

Considering how different in appearance the forms are

which occur between this and the true multicolor, it is curious

how like it is to that animal ; but its elongate skull, with

long brain-case and squarely expanded postorbital processes,

will readily distinguish it. Prof. Neumann obtained what is

no doubt the same squirrel in Ussoga and Kibwezi.

104 Mr. O. Thomas on new

Hleliosciurus multicolor omensis, subsp. n.

General intensity of colour about as in true multicolor, but

the buffy suffusion reduced on the upper surface and quite

absent from the lower surface and limbs. Belly greyish

white, a prominent pure white patch on the chest. Poste-

rior flanks, hips, and hind legs markedly greyer than the back.

Hands and feet grizzled grey, not buffy, darker than in J. m.

later’s, and not lightening terminally as in that form. ‘ail-

hairs throughout ringed with black and buffy, the tips promi-

nently pure : white.

Skull much as in true multicolor, that of the type unusually

broad.

Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :—

Head and body 225 mm. ; hind foot 44.

Skull: greatest length 48; basilar length 36°5; zygo-

matic breadth 29°7; length of upper cheek-tooth series 10.

Hab. Region of the Lower Omo. Type from Kum Din-

gani, just east of the north end of Lake Rudolph.

Type. Old female. B.M. no. 6. 11. 1. 24. Original

number 118. Collected 24th July, 1905, by Ph. Zaphiro,

and presented by W. N. McMillan, Esq.

The suppression of the buffy colouring from the body and

limbs, with its retention on the tail-hairs, distinguish this

form from its nearest allies ; in the Lado /atervs it is suppressed

throughout.

H. m. kaffensis, Neum., geographically adjacent, is a

strongly coloured form, with buffy-ochraceous feet. . m.

abassensis, Neum., is darker both above and below, has a

darker muzzle, the hips little greyer than the back, the hands

and feet dull buffy, and the light tips to the tail-hairs are less

conspicuous.

I owe to the kindness of Profs. Matschie and Neumann

the opportunity of examining typical examples of the two

squirrels described by the latter.

Hleliosciurus multicolor cenosus, subsp. n.

General colour darker grey than in multicolor and without

the buffy suffusion. Under surface dull soiled whitish brown,

the belly not conspicuously lighter than the sides, and even

the chest but little lighter. Hands and feet greyish buffy,

the outer side of the forearms conspicuously buffy. Tail dark

grizzled grey, without buffy suffusion, the tips of the hairs of

the same dull whitish as their light rings.

Skull as in multicolor.

African small Mammals. 105

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 283 mm. ; tail 283; hind foot 47.

Skull: greatest length 50; zygomatic breadth 30; length

of upper cheek-tooth series 9.

Hab. R.Ubanghi. Type from the Roman Catholic Mission

situated at 19°30’ E. on the Ubanghi ; another specimen from

Koango, a little higher up the river.

Type. Old female. B.M. no. 7. 7. 8. 83. Original num-

ber 34. Collected 7th November, 1905, by Capt. Boyd Alex-

ander, and presented by the Alexander-Gosling Expedition.

In this form buffy is present on the feet and not on the tail,

the converse of the case in subsp. omensis. The general

colour is much darker than in laters, and the muddy-coloured

belly is also distinctive.

Paraxerus jacksoni capitis, subsp. n.

Similar to true yacksoni, but colour paler and more greyish

green on the body, and on the extremities ochraceous replaced

by buffy, and buff by whitish, General colour above pale

greyish olivaceous, indistinct light flank-lines generally

perceptible. Under surface soiled whitish or creamy white,

the corresponding part in true jacksont cream-buff or buff.

Upper surface of hands and feet yellowish buff instead of

ochraceous buff. Tail with the terminal rings, when un-

bleached, similarly yellowish, as compared with ochraceous,

buff.

Skull as in true jacksont.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 180 mm. ; tail (broken, in another specimen

of similar size 187) ; hind foot 41; ear 21.

Skull: greatest length 43; condylo-basal length 40;

upper tooth-row exclusive of p® 7.

Hab. Nairobi Forest, British East Africa. Alt. 5600’.

Type. Old female. B.M. no. 0.2.1. 11. Collected 19th

July, 1899, by Prof. H. J. Mackinder. Fourteen specimens

examined,

The considerable number of squirrels hitherto referred to

P. jacksoni proves to be readily divisible into two sets

according to the intensity of the buffy or ochraceous suffused

through their general colour, and on their under surfaces, feet,

and tail. Specimens from Munisu and Smara, to the north

and eastward of Kenia, agree precisely with the type in these

respects, while the Nairobi series are all of the paler and more

yellowish character above described.

It is to be noticed that in this animal, as in P. aruscensis,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 8

106 Mr. O. Thomas on new

considerable bleaching takes place, especially on the tail, so

that old hairs of jacksoni may have the colour of those of

fresh capitis, while in the latter again the yellowish rings

may bleach nearly to white.

Paraxerus ochraceus, Huet.

This species is characterized by having an indistinct

whitish line on the flanks and by its under surface (especially

its throat) being whitish, as compared with the entire absence

of a flank-line and the buffy or ochraceous under surface of

P. aruscensis and its allies.

The type came from Bagamoyo, and to the typical race I

assign a specimen from Mrogoro, Usagara, about 100 kilo-

metres inland, which was obtained and presented by Emin

Pasha. This specimen has the yellowish-ochre tinge on the

back and the “ jaune d’ocre pur” on the upper surface of the

feet described in the type, and Mrogoro is so near Bagamoyo

and on the trade-route to the interior (so that the type may

even have been brought from Mrogoro) that I have no hesi-

tation in making this reference, even though the next form

comes from a locality that, like Bagamoyo, is on the coast.

The latter does not, however, agree nearly so well with

Huet’s description.

Paraxerus ochraceus salutans, subsp. n.

Like true ochraceus in general characters, but the colour

above more olivaceous, the yellowish reduced throughout.

Hands and feet dull grey, mixed buffy or ochraceous buffy,

not the clear rich ochraceous found in the typical form.

Throat and chest pale buffy whitish. Tail-hairs tipped with

buffy.

Skull and teeth rather larger than in true ochraceus.

Dimensions of type (measured in skin) :—

Head and body 172 mm.; tail 158; hind foot (wet) 38;

ear (wet) 15.

Skull: greatest length 40°5 ; condylo-basal length 36:3;

upper tooth-series exclusive of p* 6°2.

Hab. Dar-es-Salaam, coast of German East Africa.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 79.11. 12.10. Collected

by Sir John Kirk. Two specimens.

Paraxerus ochraceus electus, subsp. n.

General colour of the same rather greyish olivaceous as in

P. o. salutans, but the grizzling far finer, owing to the light

African small Mammals. 107

rings on the dorsal hairs being about 1°2 mm. in breadth as

compared with about 1°8 mm. in that animal and in the typical

ochraceus. Light lateral stripes barely perceptible. Throat

whitish. Feet of same greyish buff as in salutans. ‘Tail-

— tipped with whitish or creamy instead of ochraceous

uff.

Skull and teeth as in P. 0. salutans.

Dimensions of the type :—

Hind foot 38 mm.

Skull: greatest length 38:3; condylo-basal length 35°6 ;

upper tooth-row, exclusive of p*, 6°5.

Hab. Elgeyo, Brit. E. Africa.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 99. 8. 4. 58. Collected

Ist August, 1896, and presented by F. J. Jackson, Esq., C.B.

This inland form has but little trace of the light lateral

band characteristic of P. ochraceus, but its whitish throat shows

its relationship to be with that species rather than with

P. aruscensis.

It may be noticed that in the closely allied unstriped

species P. aruscensis, Pag., there is a distinct seasonal change

of colour, specimens killed February to April being a much

greyer colour than those killed in the latter half of the year.

A specimen from Mt. Elgon killed in February agrees in

every detail with some from near Mombasa killed at the same

date, while others from the latter region killed in July are

as dark in colour as August specimens from Kilimanjaro.

The change is probably due rather to the bleaching of the

ochraceous ends of the hairs towards whitish than to any real

difference in the colour of the hairs when first erupted.

The variation in the size of the teeth, especially of p‘, in

these squirrels is very noticeable. It seems to be partly

individual, and partly due to age, the oblique wearing of the

teeth causing them to appear of much greater diameter in old

specimens.

BEAMYS, gen. nov.

External characters murine. Claws smal]. Feet short.

of medium length, practically naked, very finely ringed.

Skull in general outline somewhat like that of Saccostomus,

bat very different in details. Supraorbital edges square, not

ridged. Anterior zygomatic plate scarcely Festlonel its

front edge slanting. Palatal foramina short and narrow,

their posterior end barely behind the level of the front edge

of the zygomatic plates; in Saccostomus the latter comes

opposite the middle of the foramina. Posterior edge of palate

108 Mr. O. Thomas on new

close behind back of m®, the mesopterygoid fossa broad.

Bulle rather small.

Incisors of medium development, their front surface flat,

ungrooved. Molars, so far as the enumeration of cusps is

concerned, as in Saccostomus and other Dendromyine, with the

important exception that the postero-internal cusp of m*

(the w cusp) found in certain genera of Murine—e. g. Tham-

nomys—is here also present, the cusp-formula of the three

laminee of m’ being therefore the unique one of 2.3.3, Mus

having 3.3.2, Thamnomys 3.3.3, ordinary Dendromyine

2 oe:

Individually the teeth are highly cuspidate, the cusps well

separated and distinct. On both m* and m? the postero-

internal and postero-external cusps are united to each other

by an enamel ridge passing round behind the main middle

posterior cusp. JZ? consists of two simple distinct trans-

verse lamine.

Below, the teeth have well-developed supplementary

external ridges, and both m, and mz, have distinct median

posterior supplementary cusps.

This genus is readily distinguished by the above characters

from any previously described. Its possession of only two

cusps on the anterior lamina of m* separates it from the great

mass of African Muride, which have three, while from those

which have two it is equally distinguished by having three

cusps on the third lamina. Its general characters are also

quite distinctive, and it is not easy to say to which of the

older known genera it is most nearly allied. Perhaps

Saccostomus is the nearest, but the differences are so great

that the alliance is very remote.

Externally the animal may be at once recognized by its

curious naked white-tipped tail of medium length, neither

shortened as in Saccostomus, Steatomys, and Malacothriz,

nor lengthened as in other members of the group. The feet

are particularly short, and therein contrast with those of

Deomys and other aberrant African genera.

Beamys hindeit, sp. n.

Size that of a medium Mus. Fur soft and fine ; hairs of

back about 10 mm. in length. General colour, so far as can

be made out on a spirit-specimen, very much that of Sacco-

stomus campestris, uniform greyish or greyish brown above,

pure white below. Lars not large, laid forward, in a spirit-

specimen, they only just reach the posterior canthus of the

eye, rounded, almost naked, greyish.

African small Mammals. 109

Forearms, hands, and feet white. Claws, both fore and

hind, small; pollex with a nail; soles naked, with six pro-

minent pads; fifth hind toe, without claw, reaching to the

end of the first phalanx of the fourth. Tail about as long as

the head and body, very peculiar in shape and structure ; its

top, sides, and under surface flattened, with sharp edges, its

lower side broader than its upper, so that its section is like

that of a truncated pyramid. Basal half-inch hairy like the

body, the remainder practically naked, the few fine bairs not

hiding the skin ; dermal rings excessively fine, 22-24 to the

centimetre in the middle of the tail, not divided into separate

scales, but apparently simple transverse folds in the skin.

In colour the tail is grey basally and white terminally, the

two passing into each other by a series of coarse mottlings,

the grey predominating on two-thirds of the upper and one-

third of the lower surface. Mamma 2—2=8.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-specimen) :—

Head and body 106 mm.; tail 100; hind foot 20:7;

ear 16.

Skull: greatest length 33; basilar length 26°5; zygo-

matic breadth 15°5; nasals 11°2; interorbital breadth 4°9 ;

palatilar length 15°2; diastema 10°5; palatal foramina 4°7 ;

upper molar series 5:1.

Hab, Taveta, Coast region, British East Africa. Alt.

2000’.

Type. Subadult female. B.M. no. 9.6. 12.23. Original

number 615. Collected 26 June, 1908, and presented by

Dr. 8. L. Hinde.

This interesting animal forms a striking addition to the

many mammalian discoveries made by Dr. and Mrs. Hinde

in British East Africa. Their continued help has been of

vital service tothe National Museum, and the finding of sucha

distinct new genus is a fitting reward for the benefits they

have rendered to us.

Heterocephalus dunni, sp. n.

Size about as in H. glaber. External characters about as

usual, the tail rather short in proportion.

Skull with the muzzle very large in proportion to the

size of the brain-case, to support the large incisors. Nasals

broad, little narrowed behind. Zygomata thick and very

boldly expanded, as much anteriorly as posteriorly, so that

each zygoma forms a segment of a circle, instead of their

being far more expanded behind than in front. Lower jaw

with short low coronoid, as in phillipsi,

110 Mr. O. Thomas on new

Incisors enormously thick and large, far heavier than in

any other member of the group. Cheek-teeth three in number

above and below, as in glaber, but very small, as in phillips ;

the posterior one much the smallest.

Dimensions of the type (very old), measured in the

flesh :—

Head and body 115 mm.; tail 85; hind foot 18.

Skull: condylo-basal length 23; condyle to incisor-tip 26 ;

greatest breadth 18°5; nasals 7°55; intertemporal breadth

5°5; greatest mastoid breadth 12°5; combined breadth of

upper incisors 3°0; diastema 7:7; palatilar length 11:3 ;

length of upper tooth-series 2°9.

Hab. Wardairi, Central Somaliland.

Type. Aged female. B.M. no. 4. 5. 9. 23. Original

number 141. Collected 31 January, 1904, and presented by

Maj. H. N. Dunn, R.A.M.C.

‘This species is based on the specimen referred in 1904*,

with great doubt, to Fornarina phillipst, of which it was

thought it might be a very old individual, with the incisors

enormously developed, and three cheek-teeth present—either

as an abnormality or the last tooth erupted in old age. But

additional specimens of /7. glaber, immature and old, since

received from Dr. Drake-Brockman, show that no such

development of the incisors occurs in old age in that animal,

and I am now convinced that the present form is quite

distinct.

H. dunni is of special interest, as with the dental formula

of Heterocephalus glaber it has the low coronoid process and

small-sized cheek-teeth of Fornarina phillipsi, and is therefore

intermediate between the two, Younger specimens will,

however, be needed before a decided opinion can be expressed

as to its general position and the bearing its characters have

on the distinction of Fornarina from Heterocephalus.

I may take this opportunity to express an opinion about

the homologies of the teeth of Heterocephalus and the allied

genera forming the family Bathyergide, a matter of great

interest, but of extreme difficulty, owing to the way in which

the teeth succeed each other, and their resemblance inter se,

so that homologization by form is not possible.

The key to the situation is clearly the genus Heliophobius,

in which the full dentition consists of no less than six teeth,

t.e.P.2.3.4, M.1.2.3. All six are, however, almost

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xiv. p. 104 (1904).

African small Mammals. lll

never found in place in a skull, owing to the falling out of

the anterior ones before the posterior ones come up, so that

not a single skull in the considerable Museum collection has

six teeth, the best specimen (No. 90. 6, 8. 30) having five and

an empty alveolus behind in which the sixth was to be

developed. But it is not clear that this sixth tooth (m*) is

always developed, and I therefore argue that it is the first

tooth of the set to be suppressed, all the more that its situation

on the root of the great incisors reduces its freedom of

development and use. Next to this it might be argued, for

the same reason, that m? had disappeared ; but I prefer to con-

sider, although without real proot, that p* is the next to be

suppressed, as in quite young specimens, with unworn teeth,

it is smaller than the one next it, while in equally young

Georychus the two anterior teeth are practically equal in size.

From this, therefore, cutting off a tooth at each end of the

series, it would follow that in the 4-toothed members of the

family, Georychus aud Bathyergus, the formula is P. 3.4,

mi Ps 2.

Then in Georychus, of its four teeth, it is always the last

which is the smallest, and this is situated quite on the large

incisor-root, so that there seems no doubt that it is this tooth,

m’®, which is the next to disappear, leaving the three-tooth

formula of Heterocephalus as P. 3.4, M. 1.

And then again, for the same reasons and even more

indubitably, it is the last of these, m 1, which disappears to

leave the extremely specialized reduced formula of Fornarina

phillipsi*: P.3.4, M. 0.

It is therefore interesting to notice that while Fornarina

shares with Hydromys the extreme reduction to two cheek-

teeth, these are not homologous, those of Fornarina being

P. 3.4, and of Hydromys M. 1. 2.

Put into tabular form the tooth-formulz of the group would

be as follows :—

Heliophobius: 1. ¢, P. 3-4, M. EES x 2=28,

Boies} Ly Reh MES x 2=20.

Heterocephalus : 1, P. = M.+ x 2=16

Fornarina : 1.4, P. 4 x: B= 12.

* One more recently received specimen of pAillipsi has a small third

tooth above, i. e. m', a fact which, in conjunction with the annectant

characters of H. dunni, makes the validity of the genus Fornarina very

doubtful.

112 On a new Gibbon from Annam.

These suggestions about the homologies are of necessity

only provisional, and are quite likely to be modified when a

microscopical study of embryonic specimens of the group

indicates with certainty which teeth have rudimentary milk-

predecessors, no functional milk-teeth having as yet been

observed.

XIUL.—A new Gibbon from Annam.

By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

AMONG the collections which have been obtained in recent

years in Annam by Dr. and Mrs. Vassal there occurs a

Gibbon which appears to be quite distinct from any pre-

viously described. I propose to name it in honour of

Mrs. Vassal, to whose help much of her husband’s success in

obtaining interesting animals has been due.

Hylobates gabrielle, sp. n.

A black species without light frontal band, but with a

conspicuous buffy gular patch.

General colour as in H. leucogenys, Ogilb.*, the ground-

colour similarly deep black, but instead of the light throat

and whisker-mark being white and extending up on each

side to the level of the eyes, it is deep yellowish buffy and

barely rises on each side above the angle of the mouth. Its

hairs are soft and woolly, instead of being so stiff as to form

a definite outstanding fringe ; it is broader below, and, passing

under the throat, entirely isolates the black chin from the

black of the cheeks and chest.

Skull larger than that of H. agilis, H. lar, and other

Gibbons in the Museum Collection, which, however, does not -

contain the skull of H. leucogenys. In fact the skull of

H. gabrielle is almost as large as that of a Siamang. In

shape it is most like that of H. leuctscus, but the temporal

constriction is deeper and the orbits more outstanding.

Skull-dimensions (those of the skin being of no value) :—

Greatest length 116 mm.; basal length 83; zygomatic

breadth 76; breadth across outside orbits 66°5 ; breadth of

* Figured by Sclater, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 680, pl. Ixx.

Dr. M. Burr—Notes on the Forficularia. 113

brain-case 65; greatest mastoid breadth 73 ; palate length 45 ;

length of upper premolar-molar series 27°2.

Hab, Lang-Bian, near Nha-trang, Annam. Alt. 1500’.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no, 8. 11. 1. 1. Collected

10th June, 1908, by Dr. Vassal.

This striking Gibbon seems to be only related to the

I, leucogenys of Siam, and from that may be distinguished

by the yellow throat and cheek-patch and other characters

above mentioned.

XIV.—Notes on the Forficularia—XVII. On new Species,

a new Genus, and new Synonymy. By Matcotm Burr,

D.Sce., F.E.S.

THE material for the following notes is taken from various

sources. ‘l'wo new species, one requiring a new genus, were

taken in Central Africa by the expedition of Adolph Friedrich,

Archduke zu Mecklenburg ; these form part of the material

obtained on this expedition, communicated to me for deter-

mination by Dr. H. Schubotz. The full account of the

collection will be eventually published in the ‘ Ergebnisse’

of the Expedition.

Psalis cincticollis, Gerst.

Brachylabis cincticollis, Gerst. (1883) p. 44.

Anisolabis cincticollis, Borm. (1900') p, 43; Kirby, (1904) p. 19.

Psalis cincticollis, Burr, (1902*) pp. 265 & 257.

Psalis? picina, Kirby, (1891) p. at

Psalis picina, Borm. (1900") p. 88; Kirby, (1904) p. 14 (nee Borelli).

? Forficula rufescens, Pal.-Beauy. (1805) p. 35, Orth, pl. i. fig. 2.

? Forficesila rufescens, Sery. (1839) p. 24.

Pronotum postice vix ampliatum, fere parallelum ; antennw forti-

ores ; segmentis haud clavatis, subcylindricis, 3 sub-brevi, 4 et 5

quam 3 brevioribus, colore fusco-castaneo; elytra et ale longa,

fusco-fulva ; pedes fulvi; forceps ¢ asymetricus.

Adult. Nymph.

d. 2. d. e

Long. corporis... 12-135mm. 10-llmm. 15mm. 185-19 mm.

» forcipis .. en a ye 2°75-3 ,,

Of medium size.

General colour deep blackish chestnut.

Antenne with 20 segments, dark brown; segments 1 and

2 orange, and one or two apical segments white; basal

114 Dr. M. Burr—Notes on the Forficularia.

segment rather long; third cylindrical, about half as long as

the first; fourth about $ as long as third, that is, half as long

again as broad; fifth a little longer than fourth; sixth and

seventh about as long as third, the rest gradually lengthening,

the segments near the apex being a little longer than third ;

all the segments are cylindrical or subcylindrical.

Head rather tumid, smooth, deep orange or reddish; sutures

not very distinct; eyes prominent.

Pronotum rather narrow, a little longer than broad,

widened posteriorly, a little shade narrower than the head

and distinctly longer than broad ; deep chestnut in the centre,

shading to fulvous behind and at the sides ; median sulcus

distinct, prozona feebly tumid.

Elytra ample, smooth, about twice as long as the pronotum,

varying from dull dirty yellow to black, with a more or less

distinct orange spot at the shoulder.

Wings prominent, yellow, almost the whole of the disk

occupied by a large dark chestnut or black spot.

Feet orange ; femora rather short; tarsi rather long.

Abdomen deep chestnut to nearly black ; somewhat dilated,

very slightly narrowed at the apex in the @, decidedly so in

the 2; glandular folds obsolete; sides of segments 5-9 in g

acute, finely punctulate.

Last dorsal segment g ample, transverse, rectangular,

with a strong median depression; with a sharp depressed

carina along each side; posterior margin truncate, slightly

tumid over the roots of the forceps; in 2 narrowed, the

lateral keels obsolete. Penultimate ventral segment ¢ ample,

rounded; in 2 more broadly rounded.

Pygidium ¢ ? hidden.

Forceps with the branches in the ¢ stout, subremote,

trigonal, straight in basal half, tapering abruptly about the

middle, then arcuate and slightly upturned, the right branch

a little more strongly hooked than the left ; in ¢ bluntly

trigonal, contiguous and straight, gently curved at the apex.

Nymph.

The nymph is very different in appearance; the colour

appears to be generally darker, the pronotum less widened

posteriorly ; the elytra are free, about half as long as the

pronotum, and expose a triangular patch of the meso-

notum like a scutellum at the anal angle; they are abruptly

truncate, and the yellowish shoulder-spot is indicated; the

metanotum is somewhat dilated prior to the unfolding of the

wings, yellowish in colour, the posterior margin deeply

Dr. M. Burr—Notes on the Forficularia. 115

-sinuate ; the abdomen is formed as in the adult and in the ¢

shows the acute sides of the fifth to ninth segments ; the last

dorsal segments are formed as in the adult.

West Africa: Victoria (Gerstaecker); Gambia (Kirby) ;

Congo, Stanley Pool (c.m.); Liberia (c.m.) ; Upper Congo,

Mawauliin March (Schubotz) ; “ Lacéte occidentale d’Afrique”

(Mus. Hope, Oxford),

Gerstaecker’s type of Brachylahis cincticollis has been

kindly lent me by Dr. Mueller of Greifswald, and is discussed

by me in a previous paper (1909’) pp. 255 & 257. The

specimen is a female, and as the elytra are short but free it

seemed to be adult. Further material from the Upper Congo

agrees perfectly with the type and shows the sexual characters

well ; but the inflated appearance of the metanotum suggests

immaturity, and a comparison with undoubted specimens of

Psalis picina, Kirby, shows no true specific distinctions.

‘True, the latter is somewhat smaller, but the material which

I have examined is old and dry and the abdomen shrunken,

while the additional specimens are fresh; from Liberia [

have received both forms together, and now there remains

no doubt whatever in my mind that Psalis picina of

Kirby is the adult of Brachylabis cincticollis of Gerstaecker ;

the latter name has the prior right, and consequently must

stand.

Very probably Forficula rufescens of Palisot de Beauvais

is the same thing.

The colour varies considerably ; the two adult males in the

Hope Collection are of varying shades of dirty yellow; a

fresh female from Liberia is almost black.

Eparchus cruentatus, sp. n.

Opisthocosmia forcipata, var., Burr (nec Haan), (1897*) p. 316; (1899*)

p. 260; Borm. (1900*) p. 95.

Statura minore, gracili; colore nigro, capite pronotoque rubris,

elytris alisque rufo-fuscis, pedibus testaceis: forcipis bracchia ¢

basi subcontigua, gracilia, subrecta, parallela, in tertia parte

longitudinis supra dente verticali forti armata; dehine ovato-

arcuata, margine interno dente forti acuto armata; @Q typica.

3. ‘

Long. corporis ...... 75-9 mm. 8-9 mm.

ie TORO so ae ae a5

General colour dull black or reddish black, feet testaceous.

Head brick-red, smooth, sutures not visible, two very small

depressions between the eyes.

116 Dr. M. Burr—Notes on the Forficularia.

Antenne with 12-13 segments, dull blackish, with seg-

ments 9 and 10 whitish.

Pronotum brick-red, as wide as the head, subquadrate, the

anterior border truncate, sides parallel, hinder margin and

angles rounded, blackish brown, the sides paler.

Elytra ample, dark reddish brown, smooth.

Wings ample, with yellowish suture.

Feet testaceous, bright or brownish yellow, the tibiz

sometimes darker.

Abdomen distinctly dilated about the middle, especially in

the g, and strongly attenuated apically; lateral pliciform

tubercles very strong, black ; colour dark reddish brown or

blackish.

Last dorsal segment ¢ 2 strongly narrowed apically and

sloping, the hinder border with two obtuse small tubercles

and a faint median depression, the border itself somewhat

strengthened.

Penultimate ventral segment ample, rounded, covering the

ultimate segment.

Pygidium not visible.

Forceps with the branches g subcontiguous at the base,

rounded, almost straight and contiguous for two-thirds their

length, then arcuate, including an oval area; at the end of

the first third the branches, seen from the side, are bent

upwards and armed at this point with a very strong and

sharp vertical tooth ; at the second third, at the beginning

of the oval area, armed on the inner side with a stout and

sharp tooth. In the @ typical of the genus, simple, straight,

slender, and unarmed.

Lombok: Sambalun, 4000 feet, April 1896, and Sapit,

2000 feet, March 1896 (Fruhstorfer, c.m.). Sangir (Do-

herty, c. m.).

This species was formerly regarded by de Bormans and

myself as a variety of EZ. forcipatus, Haan, with which it has

no relation.

The brick-red head and pronotum are very distinctive, but

this may not be a constant feature. The strong vertical

spine of the forceps distinguishes it from the allied 2. burr¢.

The apically decidedly arcuate forceps separate it from

L. tenellus.

These three species are probably local races of one “ super-

species,’ but the differences appear to be quite constant.

Hypurgus kuhlgatzt, sp. n.

Hypurgus, sp. n., Burr, (1907°) p. 487.

Colore fusco-castaneo; ale abbreviate; abdomen segmentis 5-9

Dr. M. Burr—Notes on the Forficularia. 117

lateribus acute reflexis ; forcipis bracchia ¢ basi haud contigua,

divergentia, ante apicem arcuata, intus dentata. ¢ 2.

cd. °

Long. corporis.... 11:5 mm, 10°5 mm.

» fraps. 8S',,

Size medium; colour dull brown, dark chestnut or blackish.

Antenne with about 10 segments, all long and slender,

brown.

Head smooth, brown to black.

Pronotum subquadrate, truncate anteriorly, sides sub-

convex, and slightly rounded posteriorly, depressed, sides

reflexed, dark brown, the sides paler.

Sternal plates yellowish, narrow ; metasternum very short,

smooth, dull yellowish brown, indistinctly banded with

darker on each side.

Wings abbreviated.

Feet slender, yellowish brown.

Abdomen ¢ narrow at the base, then steadily dilated to

the sixth segment, which is the broadest, then narrowed

towards the apex. ‘The sides of all the segments are convex

in g, but the fifth to eighth are decidedly sharp, depressed,

almost carinate, the ninth almost hidden by theeighth. The

? is very gently dilated before the apex and then attenuate,

the sides simple.

Last dorsal segment ¢ smooth, slightly wider than broad,

posterior margin gently convex; in 2 simple, narrow, and

sloping.

Penultimate ventral segment ¢ very short and broad,

slightly convex, exposing the last; in 9 narrowed.

Pygidium ¢ a minute compressed tubercle, in 9 hidden.

Forceps with the branches cylindrical; in 2 subcon-

tiguous at the base, smooth, and steadily diverging for about

two-thirds their length, then bent upwards and boldly arched

inwards, the points attenuate and meeting; before tle apex

there is a strong tooth on the inner margin and one (or more ?)

feebler ones. ts ? single, slender, contiguous, and straight.

3 f.

Africa: Togo (1 9, Conradt, in c.m.; 1 ?, Deutsch.

Ent.Nat. Mus.) ; Togo, Bismarkburg, 23/iii./93, 1 g,1 ¢,

in c.m. and Mus. Berl.) ; Kamerun (1 9, Deutsch. Ent.

Nat. Mus.).

This species is named in honour of my friend Dr. Kuhl-

at formerly assistant in the Zoological Museum of

erlin.

It is the species of which the female is referred to in an

earlier paper (Burr (1907")), where the fourth antennal segment

118 Dr. M. Burr—WNotes on the Forficularia.

is described as being a little shorter than the third. The

additional material shows that this is not the case.

Opisthocosmia nieuwenhuist, sp. n.

Statura minore, gracili; fusco-castanea, pronoto albo-limbato; for-

cipis bracchia ¢ basi valde remota, basi ipso sat fortia, diver-

gentia in tertia parte basali, gracilia, elongata, arcuata, apicem

versus fere recta; margine interna denticulata; apice ipso

incurva. o¢. Q ignota.

Sic

Long: corporis... S49 i%: . ) Simm.

Sy AREGECIPNS ¢ Tete bolo w ote. ee

Rather small, of slender build; general colour dark

chestnut. .

Antenne (six segments remain) brown, rather thick ;

third segment short and fourth half as long again, fifth twice

as long as the third.

Head dark, blackish chestnut, smooth, sutures indistinct.

Pronotum dark chestnut, the sides white, slightly wider

than long, truncate anteriorly; the sides gently rounded,

posterior margin widely rounded.

Metasternal lobe narrow, scarcely wider than long.

Elytra ample, long, smooth, well rounded at the shoulders,

dull reddish brown.

Wings long, brown, with a yellow band along the suture.

Feet yellowish, not very long, first tarsal segment above

half as long again as the third. |

Abdomen deep chestnut-brown ; each segment blackish at

its base, rather coarsely punctulate.

Last dorsal segment with a pair of compressed tubercles at

each angle, very broad; posterior margin somewhat rounded

and flattened between the tubercles at the exterior angles,

this flattened part with three rather tumid elevations.

Pygidium very short, broad, obtuse.

Forceps with branches very remote at base, rather thick at

the base itself, but attenuate and slender for the rest of their

length, diverging at first and strongly arcuate in the basal

third, then gradually approaching, meeting about the apical

third, and straight, the apices curved in; there are two or

three small but sharp teeth on the inner margin before the

branches meet. @. 2 unknown.

Borneo: Mahakhair (leg. Dr. Niewwenhuis, 1894, and

1 3g in Mus. Leyden.).

Somewhat resembles ). sansibaricus, but considerably

Dr. M. Burr—Notes on the Forficularia. 119

smaller and distinguishable by the generic characters; the

forceps are of the same type, but differ in detail.

Placed provisionally in this genus.

Forficula riffensis, sp. n.

Statura majore et robusta; pronotum subeque latum ac longum;

elytra nigra ; ale breves, fulve; pygidium breve, latum, apice

* truncatum ; forcipis bracchia per dimidium longitudinis dilatata,

hac parte angulo recto terminata. ¢. Q ignota.

Long. corporis ...... 14-165 mm.

39 fOFCIPIB. 20. s00 5-10°5

Of large size and powerful build.

Antenne with 11 segments ; third rather short, subclavate,

fourth almost as long as third, fifth and rest longer than

third ; cylindrical, grey-brown.

Head large, smooth, tumid ; sutures visible, but faint, deep

red, shading to blackish in the middle.

Pronotum about as broad as long; anterior border and sides

quite straight, posterior margin well rounded, reddish chestnut.

Elytra broad, truncate apically, smooth, barely twice as

long as the pronotum ; dull black, with a small ill-defined

reddish spot at the shoulders themselves (this is sometimes

obsolete).

Wings short, scarcely protruding, yellow.

Feet yellowish.

Abdomen deep blackish red, very finely punctulate.

Last dorsal segment short and very broad, posterior margin

truncate, with two convex, tumid, depressed elevations in the

middle.

Pygidium very short, broad, rectangular, truncate.

Forceps with the branches stout, depressed, red-brown,

finely pitted, unarmed ; inner margin dilated and depressed

through about half their length, the edge straight and finely

crenulate, ending not in a tooth but in a right angle, beyond

which, attenuate, smooth, and arcuate.

Maroceo (3 ¢ inc. m.).

I received three males, two macrolabia and one cyclolabia,

of this fine species from Messrs. Staudinger and Bang-Haas,

labelled ‘* Marokko.”

The short yellow wings and smooth elytra make a good

contrast, and it is easily recognizable.

It difters from /’. ruficollis in the square pronotum, longer

dilation of the forceps, and colour.

It is more closely allied to /. tomis and F. robusta, but

be]

~s_

120 Dr. M. Burr— Notes on the Forficularia.

differs from both in colour and in the quadrate pygidium

(obtuse in F. tomis and F. robusta). The forceps are almost

the same as in these two species.

Forficula iynota, sp. n.

Statura mediocri; colore rufo et castaneo; pygidium elongatum,

apice truncatum; pronotum sublatius quam longius; forcipis

bracchia subrecta, elongata, margine interno prope basin per

quartam partem longitudinis laminato, hae parte dente acuto

terminata, ¢. 9 ignota.

3 .

due Aeorperis . ee. -€ 11°5 mm.

gy EGLO 4 his eee 9-5...

Of medium size; general colour red and chestnut.

Antenne reddish brown; eight segments remain, the first

clubbed and relatively short, fourth nearly as long as the

third, fifth a little longer than the third, all cylindrical.

Head clear brick-red, tumid, smooth, the sutures indistinct.

Pronotum slightly broader than long, sides and anterior

margin quite straight, posterior margin gently rounded,

reddish chestnut.

Elytra ample, quite smooth, yellowish brown.

Wings prominent, yellowish brown,

Feet reddish chestnut ; tarsi paler, slender.

Abdomen deep claret-red, densely and very finely punctu-

late, lateral tubercles very distinct.

Last dorsal segment transverse, more coarsely punctulate,

with smooth patches, deep red, the posterior margins and

angles black; posterior margin truncate, with a median

depression, with tumid sides.

Last ventral segment rounded.

Pygidium prominent, more than twice as long as broad,

slightly constricted before the apex, which is truncate.

Forceps with the branches elongate, nearly straight,

depressed only near the base, the inner margin in the basal

quarter depressed, with a laminate sharp plate with straight,

finely denticulate edge, terminating abruptly in an acute-

angled sharp tooth; beyond this the branches are elongate,

unarmed, smooth and very gently arcuate.

? South Europe (C. D. £. Fortnam ; type, 1 g in Mus.

Hope, Oxon.).

This only specimen which I have seen is a single male in

the Hope Museum labelled “ C. D. E. Fortnam 1876, ?S.

Kur.”

It is a very distinct species, well characterized by the form

Dr. M. Burr— Notes on the Forficularia. 121

of the prominent pygidium ; the pronotum is scarcely wider

than long; in coloration and general form, except in

pygidium and forceps, it resembles /. auricularia. The

specimen is a macrolabia form, the elongation of the forceps

being very pronounced ; the lamination of the forceps is

also very distinctive.

Spongiphora schubotzi, sp. n.

Statura minore ; colore rufescenti ; elytra acute-carinata ; pygidium

¢ breve, apicem versus angustatum, apice ipse subsinuato ;

forcipis bracchia ¢ remota, gracilia, arcuata,

dé. Q.

Long. corporis......... 10°5 mm. 9 mm.

pp A MONCHING: 2-2)4 5 it te ee Ss,

Of small size and slender build; general colour tawny red,

not pubescent.

Antenne tawny, with 16 cylindrical segments, fourth

nearly as long as third.

Head subquadrate posteriorly, tumid, the sutures replete,

red-brown ; eyes sinuate, black.

Pronotum slightly broader than the head, square, the

angles rounded and lateral margins very slightly convex.

Prosternum subparallel, gently narrowed posteriorly.

Mesosternum as broad as long, rounded posteriorly.

Metasternum rather broad, the lobe transverse and truncate.

Elytra smooth, tawny, about one and a half time as long

as the pronotum, truncate, the costal fold marked with a

strong, prominent, sharp carina.

Wings not developed.

Feet slender, tawny; femora rather thick; tarsi slender;

second segment minute, cylindrical, first and third equally

long, slender, with a few bristles, but not strongly pubescent.

Abdomen parallel, depressed, smooth, light red; glandular

folds prominent.

Last dorsal segment ¢ transverse, smooth, truncate poste-

riorly ; in the middle of the segment, on each side of the

faint median suture, there is a small black crested tubercle ;

posterior margin truncate; in ? similar, but a little nar-

rower, the tubercles absent.

Penultimate ventral segment ¢ 2 ample, square, the

meee rounded,

ygidium ¢ short, broad, trapezoidal, narrowed apically,

the posterior margin subsinuate ; 9? short, parallel, truncate.

Forceps with the branches depressed, slightly dilated near

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. a)

122 Dr. M. Burr— Notes on the Forficularia.

the base, with a minute obsolete tooth near the middle; ¢

subcontiguous, rather broad at the base, rapidly tapering,

straight and parallel.

Central Africa: Rugege Forest, at about 6000 feet, in

August; 2 ¢,1 2,1 nymph (Schubotz).

This is a very remarkable species; in appearance and

general structure it approaches very closely the West-African

forms Sp. rubra, Bor., also Sp. tuberculata, Bor., but is

sharply distinguished by the strong, keen, and well-developed

keel of theelytra. The only members of the Labiide hitherto

known with keeled elytra are the South American, very distinct,

genus Strongylopsalis, Burr, the aberrant Labia tenuipes,

Burr, also from South America, and the Oriental and Austra-

lian genus Wesogaster, Verh., none of which approaches the

species in question. In spite of its close structural resem-

blance to the other African forms quoted, the keel of the

elytra is so altogether distinctive and striking a feature that

a new genus, if not a new subfamily, must be erected for it

when this group is revised.

It is interesting to note that the keel of the elytra is

distinctly visible on that organ when only partly developed

in the nymph stage.

Spongitphora gestroi, sp. n.

? Spongiphora tripunetata, Burr (nec Borelli), (1908'*) p. 179.

Statura mediocri; glabra, colore nigro, pallido-variegato ; pronotum

transversum; pygidium <¢ tumidum, apice excisum, lobulis

acutis ; forcipis bracchia g basi remota, robusta, incurva.

Long. corporis.... 8-9 mm. 8-9 mm.

4. MOLGIPIS, 4.4 Aare 1-5-2

Not pubescent; size medium ; general colour black, varied

with paler.

Antenne with 13 segments, blackish, paler at the apex ;

third segment cylindrical, not very long; fourth cylindrical,

rather thick, about half as long as third; fifth and rest

nearly as long as third, rather thicker, subcylindrical.

Head rather broad, subsinuate posteriorly; eyes rather

large and prominent ; black.

Pronotum as broad as the head, a little broader than long,

and slightly widened posteriorly; sides straight, anterior

margin convex, posterior gently rounded; black, with a

rather broad whitish border posteriorly extending up the

sides.

Dr. M. Burr—Notes on the Forficularia. 123

Elytra ample, smooth, not very long; dull dark chestnut.

Wings ample, blackish, with a large straw-coloured spot.

Femora rather thick, blackish at the base, yellow at the

apex; tibia and tarsi yellow, the latter slender.

Abdomen depressed, elongate, subparallel, smoother, dark

reddish chestnut, the sides blackish.

Last dorsal segment ¢ transverse, rectangular, depressed

in the middle, tumid over the roots of the forceps; in 9

- similar but narrowed.

Pygidium ¢@ short, tumid, broad, nearly vertical; apex

emarginate, with two strong sharp-pointed lobes; ¢ small,

quadrate.

Forceps with the branches in ¢ remote at the base, dark

red, stout, trigonal and straight for about half their length,

gently arcuate and rather depressed in the apical half ; inner

margin denticulate in basal half, somewhat excavate in

apical half; thick, the points suddenly attenuate and hooked ;

in @ straight, simple, contiguous.

West Africa: Congo, Ibambo, December 1905, 2 ¢

(2ibott’, Mus. Genoa) (c. m.).

I have pleasure in dedicating this species to Dr. R. Gestro,

who has most indulgently placed at my disposal the wealth

of the rich collection of the Civic Museum of Genoa, including

numerous types of de Bormans and Borelli.

The Genoa Museum contains two females, which I provi-

sionally and with hesitation referred to S. tripunctata, Bor. ;

but an examination of the type of that species and further

material received, including two males, shows that it is quite

distinct from that species, but very closely allied to L. fee,

Dubr. In coloration and structure it approaches L. fee very

closely, but it is a little larger, the antennal segments more

cylindrical, the fourth a little shorter, the pronotum less

strongly transverse; the colour less deep black and more

reddish, the feet differently coloured, the points of the

pygidium less sharp, the forceps less arcuate, much stouter,

especially in the apical half; finally, ZL. few is a Papuan,

S. gestrot a West-African species.

ARCHIDUX, gen. nov.

Generi Neolobophore simillimum genus; differt elytris carina per-

currenti instrictis, tarsorum segmento 2 longiori et angustiori,

capite leviori, suturis obsoletis.

This genus is erected for a single species, Archidux adolfi,

sp.n. It scarcely differs from Neolobophora; indeed, if it

had come from South America instead of Africa, [ should

124 Dr. M. Burr—Notes on the Forficularia.

never have erected a new genus for its reception. Its occur-

rence in Central Africa, the smooth head, slightly different

tarsi, and stronger keels of the elytra are the only distin-

guishing characters that I can find.

The sternal plates are, asin Neolobophora, rather short and

broad; mesosternum rounded; metasternum with short,

truncate, transverse lobe.

Archidux adolfi, sp. n.

Glaber, ater, levis; capite, antennis pedibusque interdum fulvo ;

elytra carinata, subquadrata ; ale abortive; pygidium ¢ breve,

conicum, apice bituberculatum; forcipis bracchia ¢ remota,

gracilia, cylindrica, dente uno armata,

3. Oy

Long. corporis .... 13-145 mm. 12:5-14°5 mm.

bs URORCIpIAS 4/2): 6 8-18.35 5°5-7

Size medium ; smooth ; general colour dull black.

Antenne with 14 segments, dull brown, all cylindrical ;

third about half as long as first; fourth a little shorter than

third, the rest longer.

Head smooth, tumid, sutures obsolete; black or reddish ;

eyes prominent.

Pronotum a trifle narrower than the head, square, dull

brown or black, smooth.

Elytra abbreviated, smooth, dull black or deep brown, with

a distinct costal keel running to the end of the elytra ; poste-

rior margin obliquely truncate ; anal angle feeble; sutural

margin decidedly shorter than the costal; a short transverse

scutellum exposed.

Wings absent.

Feet long and slender; femora scarcely thickened, all

black, or dull brown, blackened at the apex ; tibie long and

slender, yellowish or black; tarsi long and slender, the first

segment decidedly longer than the third.

Abdomen dull black, smooth, scarcely dilated, glandular

folds very prominent.

Last dorsal segment ¢ smooth, transverse, with a single

median impressed point ; slightly tumid over insertion of the

forceps; in 2 similar, but narrowed posteriorly.

Penultimate ventral segment ¢ 2 obtusely rounded.

Pygidium ¢ short, thick, tapering, the apex emarginate,

with two sharp lobes like tubercles; in ¢ very short,

globose.

Forceps with the branches g remote at base, slender,

cylindrical, and very long, almost straight; inner margin

finely denticulate for about half their length, where there isa

”?

Dr. M. Burr—Notes on the Forficularia. 125

swall but sharp tooth ; in ¢ subcontiguous, slen ler, straight,

gently arcuate at apex.

Central Africa (Archduke Adolf Friedrich).

The resemblance of this earwig to the species of the Neo-

tropical genus Neolobophora is really extraordinary, but,

apart from the generic characters given above, the locality is

enough to distinguish them; even the pygidium and forceps

are strikingly similar.

Note on the Genus Sphingolabis, Borm.

Genus SPHINGOLABIS (Bormans).

Sphingolabis, Bormans, (1883) p. 59; nec (1893), nec (1894) ; Kirby

(nec Verhoeff, nec auctt.).

Apterygida, Borm, (nec Westw.) (1900') p. 115 (partim),

paratta, Borm. (nec Serville) (1884) p. 183.

hetospania, Karsch; Borm. (1900') p. 75, et auctt.

Chetospania, Karsch, = Sphingolabis, Borm.

Type of Sphingolabis, Borm: Sphingolahis furcifera, Borm. (1884')

p. 194,= Sparatta semifulva, Borm. (1884) p. 18.

Type of Apterygida, Westw.: Apterygida albipennis, Meg., apud

harp. (1825) p. 68.

Type of Chetospania, Karsch: Chetospania inornata, Karsch, (1886)

p- 88.

Type of Sparatta, Serv.: Sparatta pelvimetra, Serv. (1839) p. 52.

The genus Sphingolabis has had a chequered history.

Erected in 1883 by de Bormans for Sphingolabis furcifera,

Borm., from Sumatra, it was wrongly assumed by that author

and by most others to coincide with Apterygida, Westw.:

that is to say, to remove from the old genus Forficula all

those species in which the forceps of the male were not dilated

strongly near the base—that is to say, Dohrn’s Group I. of

Forficula.

Discussing the genus in a later work, (1894) p. 406,

de Bormans writes :— Sauf ce caractére [7. e. the form of

the forceps] a ne différe en rien du genre Forficula ... par

conséquent, il est malheureusement impossible de savoir si

une femelle isolée appartient & ’un ou a l’autre de ces deux

genres.” And he adds :—“ Le genre Sphingolabis a pour

type européen Sph. albipennis, Meg., Charp.”’ ; and further :

“il renferme parmi les exotiques: Sph. teniata, Dohrn,

percheroni, Guér., californica, Dohrn, serrata, Serv., lutei-

pennis, Serv., arachidis, Yers.,=wallacei, Dohrn.”

In those days it was not recognized that the above species

forms a decidedly heterogeneous group. In (1899) p. 255, L

showed that if we regarded furcifera, Borm., and albipennis,

126 Dr. M. Burr— Notes on the Forficularia.

Meg., as congeneric, the name Sphingolabis, Borm., must

fall in favour of Apterygida, Westw., and consequently the

latter name was adopted by de Bormans in his monograph

(1900°).

In (1902) p. 197, the now dormant name of Sphingolabis

was revived by Verhoeff for sansibarica, Karsch, but in-

correctly, as by this very definition of the genus he excludes

furcifera, Borm., which de Bormans named as the type!

In (1884") p. 183, de Bormans described a Sumatran species

under the name Sparatta semifulva, which he removed in

(1900) p. 75 to Chetospania. In (1905*) p. 495, I showed

that Sparatta semifulva was nothing else than the female of

Sphingolabis furcifera, which is described a few pages further

on in the same paper. An examination of the types in the

Leyden Museum later fully confirmed this view.

We consequently find that Sphingolabis furcifera is un-

consciously recognized by de Bormans as being related to

Sparatta and Chetospania—that is, as having no connection

with Forficula or Apterygida; in fact, the second tarsal

segment is simple and cylindrical.

But in the meantime Karsch had established the genus

Chetospania, (1886) p. 87, for a Madagascan species, Ch.

inornata, which I am unable to discriminate generically

from Sphingolabis—that is to say, I can find no good generic

character on which to separate Ch. inornata, Karsch, from

Sph. furcifera, Borm.; the genus Chetospania accordingly

falls as a synonym of Sphingolabis, which includes, in

addition to its type 8. furcifera, most of those species which

have since been ranged in Chetospania.

New Synonymy.

Carecinophora robusta, Scudder,= Psalis gagatina (Klug).

No one has ever entertained a very decided opinion as to

what Ps. gagatina really is. A consideration of the brief

description given by Burmeister, (1838) p. 753, shows no

distinction from Careinophora robusta, Scudd. (1876) p. 305,

except that the wings are abbreviated in the latter: this is a

valueless feature. Borelli’s specimens from Ecuador, (1903)

p. 1, show the intermediate stage. The specimen figured by

de Bormans, (1898) pl.i. fig. 5, las spots on the elytra;

this is probably referable to P. americana, Beauv., or

P. pulchra, Rehn. The largest specimens recorded by

Borelli from Costa Rica, (1906°) p. 3, have a small yellow

spot on the edge of the elytra ; this represents the transition

to P. americana.

Dr. M. Burr—WNodtes on the Forficularia. 1Z7

The identity of Psalis colombiana, Borm. (1882) p. 61,

pl. ii. fig. 2, has never been questioned.

Chetospaniajuppiter, Burr, = Spongtphora nitidipennis, Borm.

Dr. R. Gestro having kindly communicated me the type of

Spongiphora nitidipennis, Borm. (1894) p. 382, I am able to

establish the identity of Chetospania juppiter, Burr, (1900?)

p- 94. The actual type of de Bormans from Burmah is a

poor specimen. ‘The individuals described later by him,

(1900*) p. 455, from Sumatra are finer. There is no struc-

ae difference. I have specimens also from Perak and

ava.

Spongiphora geayi, Burr, =Spongiphora insignis (Stal).

Spongiphora geay?, Burr, (1904) p. 295, is certainly iden-

tical with Sp. insignis, Stal, (1855) p. 349. The pygidium

is rather hidden and the forceps somewhat different in detail

in the original specimen.

Labia myrmeca, Burr,= Labia fasciata, Borm.,= Labia ni-

grella, Dubr.

Labia myrmeca, Burr, (1908°) p. 96, is of a dark red

colour rather than deep black; the wings are abortive, the

elytra shorter and spotted rather than banded, but otherwise

it agrees with de Bormans’ type of Labia fasciata, (1894)

p. 387, of which it is obviously only a variation *,

Opisthocosmia erroris, Burr, = Opisthocosmia forcipata, Haan.

Haaun’s figure shows small orange spots at the shoulders of

the elytra, which are missing in my type. Otherwise

O. erroris agrees perfectly with the description and figure of

O. forcipata, Haan. ‘The form of the forceps is very

distinctive. ‘The synonymy is as follows :—

Forficula forcipata, Haan, (1842) p. 248, pl. xxiii. fig. 11.

Opisthocosmia forewata, Dohrn, Scudder, de Bormans, and Kirby (nec

Burr!).

Opisthoeosmia lugens, Burr, (1900*) p. 101 (nec Bormans!).

Opisthocosmia errorts, Burr, (19047) p. 808; (1907°) p. 100, pl. iv.

fig. 2.

My record of O. forcipata, Haan (see Burr, (1900") p. 63),

refers to O. burri, de Bormans (apud Burr, (1903') p. 267).

* When the pale bands are obsolete, it is L. nigrel/a, Dubr., (1879)

. 370, of which I have seen the type, with that of L. fasciaza, in the

enoa Museum,

128 Dr. M. Burr—Notes on the Forficularia.

Spongiphora rubriceps,= Proreus fusctpennis (Haan).

I have not actually examined Haan’s type, but I have

carefully considered descriptions and figures with my own

type of Spongiphora rubriceps, Burr, (1900*) p. 89, and I

consider them identical; the specimens recorded by me in

the same paper (p. 100) under the name of Apterygida

borneensis are only a macrolabia form of the same earwig.

I have given elsewhere, (1908*) p. 50, the true synonymy of

Sphingolabis borneensis of de Bormans.

Works quoted.

The following works are referred to in the preceding pages.

The numeration is that of my complete bibliography, at

present in MS., from which this list is extracted for the sake

of uniformity.

Bravvois, Pattsor DE. (1805). Insectes recueillis en Afrique et en

Amérique. Paris, 1805.

Boretut, Dr. ALFREDO. (1906°). “ Forficole di Costa Rica” (Boll.

Mus. Tor, xxi. no. 531, 1906).

Bormans, A. DE. (1882). “Fauna orthoptérologique des Iles Hawaii

ou Sandwich” (Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xviii. pp. 340-348, 1882).

—. (1883). “Etude sur quelques Forficulaires nouveaux ou peu

connus, précédé d'un tableau synoptique des genres de cette famille ”

(Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. pp. 59-90, pls. ii. & iii., 1883).

—. (1893). “Dermaptera” in Biologia Centrali-Americana: Zoolo-

gica, Orthoptera, i. pp. 1-12, pls. i. & i1., 1893.

—. (1894). “ Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmaniae regioni yvecine.

—LXI. Dermaptéres” (2me partie) (Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) xiv.

pp. 441-467, 1894).

—. (1900'). “Quelques Dermaptéres du Musée Civique de Génes”

(Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) xx. pp. 441-467, 1900).

—. (19007). “ Forficulide ” in ‘ Das Tierreich,’ 11 Lief., Orthoptera,

pp. 1-142, 1900 (v. Krauss, H.).

BurMEISTER, HERMANN. (1888). Handbuch der Entomologie. Ber-

lin, 1838.

Burr, Matcotm. (1897*). “On new Species of Forficularia”’ (Ann.

& Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xx. pp. 810-316, 1897).

——. (1899%). ‘ Notes on the Forficularia.—IV. Forficularia collected

by Mr. Doherty in Macassar and New Guinea” (Ann, & Mag. Nat.

Hist. (7) iv. pp. 258-260, 1899).

—. (19007). “Notes on the Forficularia.—VI. On a Collection

from Sarawak” (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vi. pp. 89-101, pl. vi.

figs. 1, 2, 4, & 6, 1900).

——. (1900). ‘‘ Forticules exotiques du Musée Royal d’Histoire Natu-

relle de Bruxelles” (Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xliv. pp. 47-54, 1900).

(1902). “On the Forficularia of the Hungarian National Mu-

seum of Budapest” (Termesz. Fiizetek, xxx. pp. 477-489, pl. xx., ©

1902).

—. (19031). “Notes on the Forficularia—VII. Some hitherto un-

published Descriptions of New Species by the late M. Auguste de

On new Species of Birds from Katanga, 129

Bormans" (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xi. pp. 231-241 & 266-270,

1903).

Burr, Matcorm. (1904*). “Observations on the Dermatoptera,

including Revisions of several Genera and Descriptions of New

Species" (Tr. Ent. Soc. London, pp. 277-322, 1904),

—. (1907"). “A Preliminary Revision of the Forficulidw (sensu

stricto) and of the Chelisochidw, Families of the Dermatoptera” (Tr.

Ent. Soc. Lond. pp. 91-134, pl. iv., 1907).

—. (1907°). “Ueber einige neue und interessante Dermapteren Arten

aus Kamerun und Togo” (Deutsch. ent. Zeitschr. p. 487, 1907).

—. (1908*). “ Notes on the cnt tan Bae On new and little-

known Species and Synonymic Notes ” (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8)

i. pp. 47-51, 1908).

—. (1908"). “ Two new Dermaptera in the Collection of the Leyden

Museum ” (Notes from the Leyden Museum, xxx., Note xiii. pp. 95

& 96, 1908).

—. (1908'). “ Sopra alcuni Dermatteri del Museo Civico di Genova ”

(Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. Lx. 1908, pp. 175-181).

GerstTarckrr. (1873). ‘“ Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Orthopteren-

Fauna Guineas nach den von T. Buchholz wahrend den Jahren

1872 bis 1875 daselbst gesammelten Arten” (Mitth. des natur-

wissensch. Vereins fiir Neuvorpommern und Riigen, 1883).

Haan, Dr. W. pe. (1842). ‘ Bijdragen tot de Kennis der Orthoptera ”

(Verhandl. over de naturlijke Geschiedenis der Nederlandsche over-

zeesche Bezittingen, 1842).

Karscu, Dr. F. (1886). “ Ueber einige neue oder weniger bekannte

Obrwuermer (Dermaptera) der ethiopischen Region ” (Berliner ent.

Zeitschr. Bd. xxx. Heft 1, p. 85, 1886).

Kmay, W.F. (1891). “A Revision of the Forficulidw, with Descrip-

tions of New Species in the British Museum” (Journ. Linn. Soc.

vol. xxiii. pp. 502-53], pl. xii., 1891).

—. (1904). Syn. Cat. Orth.i. London (1904).

Renn, James A. G. (19037). “Studies in American Forficulidae ”

(Proc. Nat. Sci. Phil. p. 299, 1903).

ScuppEr, Samvet H. (1869). Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. xii. p. 344.

SErVILLF, AvpDINET. (1839). ‘Suite a Buffon. Histoire Naturelle

, des Insectes Orthoptéres.’ Paris, 1839.

Srar,C. (1855). “ Entomologiska Notiser” (O. V. A. F. xii. 1855,

p- 347).

XV.—On some new Species of Birds from Katanga, Congo

Free State. By 8. A. Neave, M.A., B.Sc.

I nAve* found the following np cate new species among

the birds in my collection made during 1907 in the Katanga

region of the Congo Free State.

Trochocercus vivax, sp. n.

‘1. similis 7. bivittate, sed plaga alari alba nulla; corporis lateribus

griscescentibus, pectore et abdomine albis; rostro cyanescenti-

130 Major T. Broun on new Genera and

corneo, apice fuscescente; pedibus cyanescenti-griseis ; iride

brunnea.

Long. tot. c. 6-1 poll., culm. 0°7, ale 2°75, caude 3-2, tarsi 0°75.

Hab. Katanga, S.E. Congo Free State.

Criniger sylvicultor, sp. n.

C, similis C. cabanisi, sed supra pallidior, gutture et pectore toto

pallide sulfureo-flavis; preepectore olivascente sulfureo lavato;

rostro fuscescenti-corneo, subtus pallidiore; pedibus pallide

grisescentibus ; iride olivascenti-griseo.

Long. tot. c. 7°0 poll., culm. 0°85, alee 3°65, caude 3-6, tarsi 1:05.

Hab. Katanga.

Calamonastes katange, sp. n.

C. similis C. cinereo, sed brunnescentior ; pectore et abdomine albi-

dis; gula albida, fusco variegato; gutture summo et prepectore

cineraceo, fasciam lJatam formantibus; rostro nigro; pedibus

flavescenti-carneis ; iride rufescenti-brunneo.

Long. tot. c. 4:1 poll., culm. 0-55, ale 2-3, caude 1°7, tarsi 0°8.

Hab. Katanga.

Dryodromas pearsont, sp. n.

Similis D. rufifronti et cauda nigra; rectricibus ad apicem cinera-

ceis, pileo ferrugineo; dorso rufescenti-brunneo; uropygio et

supracaudalibus cinerascentibus; subtus alba, gutture et pre-

pectore pallide cervino tinctis; hypochondriis cinereis distin-

guenda ; rostro brunnescenti-corneo, mandibula pallide carnea ;

pedibus brunnescenti-carneis ; iride flavicanti-brunnea.

Long. tot. c. 4:1 poll., culm. 0-45, alee 2:0, caude 2:0, tarsi 0°65.

Hab. Lufupa River, Western Katanga.

Dedicated to Dr. Arthur Pearson, Principal Medical Officer

to the Tanganyika Concession Ltd., K ambore.

XVI.—Descriptions of new Genera and Species of New-

Zealand Coleoptera. By Major T. Broun, F.E.S.

(Continued from p. 71.]

Group Erirhinide.

Erirhinus insignis, sp. u.

Subovate, moderately elongate, nitid, sparsely clothed with

fine yellowish hairs, which are somewhat concentrated on

Species of New-Zealand Coleoptera. 131

spots behind; variegate, femora and thorax rufo-fuscous, the

base and apex of the latter fusco-testaceous; tibie and

rostrum testaceous ; elytra rufo-fuscous, but with the follow-

ing testaceous marks, a small portion of the second interstice

continued along the basal margin, bent at the shoulder and

prolonged backwards, a small spot at the side behind, the

suture and apex, and four or five spots above; antenne and

tarsi reddish.

Rostrum arched, moderately slender, not twice the length

of thorax ; smooth in front, with two series of fine punctures

above and one along each side. Thorax rather broader than

long, a good deal narrowed but not constricted in front;

rather closely, very distinctly, and somewhat rugosely

punctured, Scutellum minute. Elytra broader than thorax

at the base, their sides gently curved, gradually narrowed

posteriorly, more strongly near the extremity ; moderately

coarsely striate-punctate.

Antenne slender, implanted just before the middle. Eyes

subrotundate, depressed. Ocular lobes absent. Femora un-

armed ; tibiz stout, flexuous, mucronate at the extremity.

Underside fuscous, prosternum feebly incurved, third and

fourth ventral segments shorter than second.

Agrees in structure with the European £. acridulus, but

only half its bulk and otherwise dissimilar. Not like any

described New Zealand species.

Length (rost. excl.) 14; breadth § line.

Danedin. One from Mr. T, Chalmers many years ago.

Erirhinus insolitus, sp. n.

Subopaque, variegate ; thorax sparingly, elytra more

evidently, clothed with fine yellow hairs ; rufo-fuscous, with

some dark spots on the elytra, rostrum and tibiz rufescent,

femora almost piceous, antennal club opaque, piceous, with

grey pubescence.

Rostrum distinctly but irregularly punctate behind the

middle. horawz a third broader than long, more narrowed

in front than behind; moderately coarsely and closely

punctured, with rugose intervals, but with a linear central

space smooth. Scutellum minute. Elytra slightly rounded

laterally, gradually narrowed backwards from before the

middle, very little wider than thorax at the base ; punctate-

striate near the suture to the extremity, striate-punctate

towards the sides ; interstices with fine serial punctures and

appearing rugose ; the coloration much, but irregularly,

variegated.

132 Major T. Broun on new Genera and

Antenne inserted between the middle and apex, basal joitit

of funiculus stout, second much more slender and shorter,

3-7 small and moniliform ; club stout, ovate, apparently, but

not distinctly, quadri-articulate.

Like E. insignis; the hind-body longer, much less attenuate

posteriorly, differently clothed and sculptured, the variegation

ill defined. The thorax is longer and more rugosely sculp-

tured. The eyes are placed more on the upper part of

the head. The thighs are more inflated, punctate, and

emarginate underneath near the extremity. We have no

other species like it.

Length (rost. excl.) 14; breadth 2 line.

Otago. From the same source as the preceding one.

Erirhinus spadiceus, sp. n.

Subnudus, bearing only a few inconspicuous minute sete ;

a little shining, rufo-castaneous, the tip of the rostrum, and

the club, piceous.

Rostrum moderately coarsely and irregularly punctured,

but nearly smooth in front. Thorax widest near the middle,

slightly more rounded in front than behind, its length and

breadth nearly equal; distinctly and moderately closely

punctured. Scutellum small. lytra widely incurved at

the base and a little broader than the thorax, gradually

narrowed backwards ; striate punctate, quite striate behind ;

interstices plane, with fine serial punctures.

Legs robust ; femora arched above; tibiz a little flexuous,

mucronate, the two hind pairs short. Antenne slender,

inserted between the middle and apex of the rostrum; basal

joint of funiculus stout, joints 4—7 bead-like, seventh a little

broader than preceding one; club large, articulate, with

some yellowish pubescence.

Underside reddish, punctate. Prosternum slightly in-

curved. Front cox contiguous, the intermediate slightly

separated. Metasternum short, broadly depressed, as are

also the basal two ventral segments, the second distinctly

shorter than first, third and fourth well developed, fifth

broadly impressed.

Distinguishable at once by the unicolorous, almost

glabrous surface.

Length (rost. excl.) 13; breadth nearly 2 line.

Mount Maungatua, Otago. One from Mr. 8. W. Fulton.

Erirhinus castigatus, sp. n.

Slender, slightly shining, uniformly fulvescent, antennal

club fuscous ; sparingly clothed with minute greyish hairs.

. ane

Species of New-Zealand Coleoptera. 133

Rostrum finely punctate, indistinctly carinate, obviously

longer than thorax, almost quite parallel-sided, only slightly

arched. yes subrotundate, free from thorax, not promi-

nent. Thorax ahout as long as broad, evidently narrower

in front than behind; finely but quite distinctly and not

closely punctured. Scutellum minute. Elytra elongate,

wider than thorax at base, gradually narrowed backwards,

distinctly and regularly striate-punctate.

Legs moderately slender; tibize slightly mucronate at the

extremity; third tarsal joint with elongate lobes. Antenne

inserted near the apex; scape slender, but a little clavate

near the extremity, basal joint of funiculus stout, seventh

rather broader than sixth.

Underside shining, similar to the upper surface in colour.

Another concolorous, easily recognisable species, unlike

any other as yet found here.

Length (rost. excl.) 1; breadth $ line.

Mount Maungatua, Otago. Another of Mr.S. W. Fulton’s

discoveries, a single specimen only.

Eugnomus antennalis, sp. 0.

Opaque, variegate, fusco-rufous, antenne and tarsi rufo-

castaneous.

Rostrum stout, not twice the length of thorax, slightly

constricted medially so that the scrobes are visible above ;

densely and coarsely punctate, not distinctly carinate, with

slender yellow hairs. Head broadly depressed between the

widely separated and prominent eyes, clothed and sculptured

like the rostrum, but also with numerous pale yellow scales

around the eyes. Thorax evidently broader than long, very

slightly constricted at apex, closely punctate, with slender

fulvous hairs on the disk, but covered with pale yellow

squame at the sides. Scutellum oblong. Elytra evidently

wider than thorax at the base, very slightly and gradually

narrowed towards the hind thighs, more strongly behind

these, apices subtruncate ; punctate-striate, the interstices

minutely punctured and slightly asperate, there are two

series of minute granules in the sutural striz near the base,

where the hairs are coarser and of a brighter yellow than

elsewhere, there are also a few scales on the shoulders; they

are irregularly maculated with dark fuscous, and between

the hind thighs this colour predominates, on the posterior

declivity the inner four interstices are reddish, the third, on

each elytron, is quite pallid and abruptly bent forwards at

the apex, the fourth and sixth end within the pale zone, are

134 Major T. Broun on new Genera and

slightly raised, and quite fuscous. Pygidium much exposed,

testaceous, finely and closely punctate. Front femora

dilated and with a minute denticle below, the others angu-

late and dentate, the posterior most strongly.

Antenne rather stout; basal joint of funiculus quite half

the length of the others conjointly, second also elongate but

slender, 3-7 small; club large, opaque.

E. nubilans most nearly approaches this species, which,

however, is larger, with a shorter thorax, more exposed

pygidium, more abruptly enlarged club, and differently

formed funiculus.

Length (rost. incl.) 22; breadth 1 line.

Karori, Wellington. One example from Mr. G. V.

Hudson.

Eugnomus femoralis, sp. n.

Elongate, castaneo-rufous, clothed with rather fine incon-

spicuous grey hairs, the sides of thorax and the posterior

portion of elytra with grey setiform scales. Underside with

similar scales and pubescence ; club fuscous.

Rostrum a little dilated in front, irregularly punctured.

Scape attaining back of eye. Thoraz rather narrow, distinctly

and closely punctured. /ytra rather elongate and narrow,

yet broader than thorax at the base; striate-punctate,-

interstices finely rugose. Femora emarginate below near the

extremity, but not dentate or conspicuously angulate.

A uniformly coloured, rather elongate species near E.

Jervidus, differently clothed, with the thorax and hind-body

narrower, and without the common angulation of the

femora.

Length (rost. incl.) 2; breadth 2 line.

Waitakerei Range. Six specimens in my own collection.

Stephanorhynchus osculator, sp. n.

Variegate, densely covered with obscure greyish and

fuscous squame without forming regular spots, the elytral

suture fusco-rufous behind; antennz also infuscate red, but

with the basal joint of the funiculus fuscous.

Rostrum laterally compressed, strongly ridged from the

antennal insertion to the eyes, the head broadly depressed

and bicristate, so that when looked at sideways there

appears to be a deep gap in line with the eyes. Thorax

rather broader than long, much narrowed anteriorly, with

one constriction behind, and another before, the middle; its

surface uneven, with two small median tubercles. Llytra

Species of New-Zealand Coleoptera. 135

widest at the base, humeral angles slightly prominent and

oblique, apex bituberculate ; the usual large elevations

between the hind thighs are obliquely flattened towards the

suture, there are also numerous small elevations so that the

punctuation is very irregular. The femora are dilated, the

posterior more strongly angulate and dentiform underneath

than the intermediate, the anterior less so.

Antenne inserted near the apex; second joint of the

funiculus shorter and more slender than the first, and nearly

twice as long as the third; 4-7 moniliform; club elongate,

quadri-articulate, its intermediate joints subquadrate, the

basal as long as the second but curved towards its base, the

terminal small and conical.

In S. curvipes the second joint of the club is twice the

length of the first ; this, therefore, at once separates the two

species. In S. ¢uberosus the head and rostrum are similar,

but the elytra are nearly concolorous, much less asperate,

with more prolonged apices, and the insect itself is much

larger.

Obs.—Two varieties of S. tuberosus occur on the Waitakerei

Range, Auckland, and another at Greymouth, this last being

labelled S. aper in my cabinet.

Length 2—24 (rost. incl.) ; breadth 7 line.

Tararua and Rimutaki Ranges. Mr. G. V. Hudson.

Stephanorhynchus morosus, sp. n.

Robust, covered with dull, slightly variegated, griseo-

fuscous, minute scales and setie.

Rostrum somewhat laterally compressed and ridged be-

hind, thus leaving an obvious gap between its base and the

lateral ridges on the head, these latter are deeply and widely

separated, and the inter-ocular depression is distinct.

Thorax considerably narrowed anteriorly, constricted near

the apex and behind the middle, with two small median

prominences. E/ytra twice as broad as thorax at the base,

unusually broad, moderately narrowed behind, apices not at

all spiniform or prominent; they are striate-punctate, but

the sculpture is interrupted, or hidden; the pair of post-

median prominences are well developed, and there are ten

or twelve small tubercular elevations or nodosities, chiefly

near the shoulders, sides, and apex. Legs dark and minutely

speckled. Funiculus slender, basal joint distinctly stouter

and somewhat longer than second, the last three small and

reddish ; club elongate, opaque, 4-jointed.

Quite distinct from all but S. tuberosus, and differing

136 Major T. Broun on new Genera and

from it in the longer head, broader and shorter hind-body,

simple elytral apices, and more sombre appearance.

Length (rost. incl.) 32; breadth 14 line.

Mount Arthur. One from Mr. T. F. Cheeseman.

Group Belide.

Pachyura venusta, sp. 0.

Elongate, subcylindrical; brilliant zeneo-viridis, sides of

thorax and elytra somewhat rufescent, the head near the

eyes and apical margin of thorax metallic red, rostrum

purple, legs and antenne fusco-testaceous.

Rostrum rather shorter than head and thorax combined,

slightly and gradually dilated anteriorly; minutely and

distantly punctured near the apex, the base more distinctly

yet finely, each puncture with a minute grey seta; antennal

insertion close to the base, prominent. Head, eyes included,

almost as broad as the middle of thorax, a little narrower

behind; its surface closely granulate-rugose. yes large,

broadly longitudinally oval. Antenne elongate, second

joint shorter than first and nearly as stout, joints 3-5 rather

slender and elongate, nearly equal to one another, 6 and 7

shorter, 8-10 evidently longer and broader and more infus-

cate, 11th slightly longer than 10th; these terminal four

joints may be termed the club. Thorax about as long as

broad, its sides slightly rounded near the middle, more

narrowed in front than behind; there is an ill-defined central

line, its sculpture seems like that of the head but is not

quite as coarse, or it may be termed punctate with rugose or

granulate intervals, either term may be accurate according

to the point of view. Scutellum rather small. Elytra

cylindrical, very slightly dilated at the shoulders, not at all

posteriorly; basal margin obliquely truncate towards the

suture; they are transversely striate-punctate, interstices

convex but somewhat irregular; like the head and thorax

they are scantily clothed with slender, inconspicuous, greyish

hairs.

A second specimen, found at Clevedon, has a rather

longer rostrum, and the elytra are a little broader behind

than near the shoulders ; this I consider is the female. The

elytra are % of a line in width.

P. sumptuosa may be distinguished by its larger size, more

curvate anterior tibie, by the slight basal depression of the

thorax and the one behind the scutellum, as well as by the

Species of New-Zealand Coleoptera. 137

four patches of white hairs on the elytra. The fourth

antennal joint is Jonger.

dé. Length (rost. incl.) 3; breadth § line.

Howick. One individual in my own collection.

Pachyura violacea, sp. n.

Body only slightly nitid, violaceous, sparingly but evenly

clothed with fine but quite distinct greyish hairs, tip of

rostrum rufescent, antennz and legs light brown, claws

nearly black.

Rostrum short, distinctly punctured near its base. Head

widest near the front, moderately closely but not very

coarsely punctured, with slightly rugose intervals. Thorar

a little transverse, narrower in front than behind, base bi-

sinuate; there is a very fine stria along the middle, its

punctuation is rather finer than that of the head. Scutellum

moderately large and rounded. /ytra subcylindrical, being

slightly narrowed behind the shoulders only, closely and

distinctly punctured and, on some spots, somewhat trans-

versely rugose, but without the elevations and deep trans-

verse striz of P. metallica, P. sumptuosa, and others.

Most nearly resembles P. rubicunda, which has two small

protuberances at the tip of the rostrum.

Length (rost. incl.) 24; breadth ? line.

Karori, Wellington. ‘Taken off young Totara tree. Mr.

G. V. Hudson, one specimen.

P. pilosa, variety of P. rubicunda.—This differs from my

typical examples in having darker elytra so covered with

grey hairs that the surface appears greyish. The apical

prominences on the rostrum are quite distinct.

Helensville. One in my own collection.

Group Cryptorhynchida.

APHOCGLIS, gen. nov.

Body broad, oviform, convex, covered with scales and

short erect sete.

Prosternum broadly excavate, as in Psepholax, but with

more sharply defined lateral borders in front of the coxe.

Mesosternal lamina very short and transverse before the cox,

the suture between it and the metasternum quite straight.

Intermediate core as widely separated as the posterior.

Second ventral segment much abbreviated, very short, third

and fourth very short, like those of an Acalles, with deep

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 10

138 Major T. Broun on new Genera and

sutures, 3-5 on a lower plane than the basal two, but on the

same level as the epipleura. Femora notched and grooved

near the extremity and with a denticle underneath. Tarsi

with almost glabrous soles, having only a few fine hairs at

the sides, but with more along the front of the third joint.

Should be interposed between Psepholax and Oreda. At

once differentiated from the former by the widely separated

middle coxe, by the absence of any raised triangular meso-

sternal process, and the abbreviation of the intermediate

ventral segments; from the latter by the absence of any

well-limited pectoral canal. Psepholax femoratus (852) is

closely allied to Aphocelis, and if sternal structure and wide

separation of coxze be considered as of generic importance,

Dr. Sharp’s Psepholax simplex (854) must ultimately become

the type of a distinct genus also.

Aphocelis versicolor, sp. n.

Rostrum rather shorter than thorax, considerably dilated

in front for two-thirds of its whole length below; the

scrobes therefore appear deep and open and are quite visible

from above ; they begin near the apex and extend to the

eyes. Scape very short and stout, barely attaining the eye.

Funiculus thick, much longer than the scape, 7-articulate,

basal joint obconical, not much longer than broad ; second

about as large as the first, more slender at the base; 3-7

transverse. Club short, ovate. Head broad. Eyes sub-

rotundate, but slightly acuminate in front, moderately

prominent, distant from the thorax and each other. Thorax

bisinuate at the base, broader than long, much contracted in

front, closely punctured, covered with fuscous and dark

greyish squamz ; without ocular lobes, its apex emarginate.

Scutellum absent. Elytra short, a little broader than thorax,

rounded and nearly vertical behind; they are distinctly

striate, but the punctuation is concealed by the squamosity ;

third interstices a little elevated, most evidently on top of

the posterior declivity, but not nodiform there; at the base

they bear minute black crests. 7Zibie rather finely setose,

mucronate, the anterior slightly flexuous, the others pro- —

longed at the outer extremity and armed with a distinct

median tooth externally.

The derm seems to be pitchy red, but the variegated dark

and greyish squame entirely cover the surface. ‘The elytra

on some parts appear to be studded with minute black

tubercles. The rostrum is dull piceous, punctate, with a

distinct inter-antennal groove ; its apex is nearly vertical

Speetes of New-Zealand Coleoptera. 139

and smooth, and bears four little clusters of fine yellow

sete.

Length (rost. incl.) 24; breadth 1§ line.

Otira Gorge. One individual found by Mr, J. H.

Lewis.

Psepholax denticostatus, sp. 0.

Conver, subovate, widest near the middle, opaque;

sparingly covered with small yellowish-grey scales and setie,

these latter more elongate and conspicuous on the sides near

the base of the elytra; piceous, tarsi and antenne pitchy

red.

Rostrum longer than head, broad, nearly plane; at the

point of antennal insertion, near the apex, broader below

than above; nearly smooth in front, with close rugose

sculpture like that of the head, which, at the base, is medially

depressed and nearly twice the breadth of the rostrum.

Thorax nearly twice as broad as it is long, much narrowed,

but not constricted, towards the front, which is obviously

emarginate medially, base subtruncate; it is rather feebly

impressed behind along the middle, the surface appears

closely punctate or granulate according to different points of

view, the pale squame are somewhat concentrated near the

sides. Scufellum small, subrotundate. Hlytra of same

width as thorax at base, slightly broader near the middle,

rather gradually yet considerably narrowed posteriorly ; on

each elytroa, near the suture, there is a ridge which is broad

at the base, somewhat compressed and more elevated near

the middle, but becoming obsolete behind; this ridge has

granular sculpture near the base, but on the middle there

are three or four compressed dentiform prominences ; the

second ridge is much less elevated, with granular or minute

tubercular sculpture ; behind it is more sharply defined, and

is there covered with fine yellowish scales; the third

resembles the first, but does not extend quite as far back ;

the fourth is indistinct as far as the middle, but behind is

exactly similar to the second, though not reaching back as

far ; the suture along the hind slope is like the second ridge ;

the intervals may be termed irregular striz, even those along

the side are not distinctly punctured.

Anterior femora dilated and angulate, but not distinctly

dentate, underneath ; the posterior laterally compressed and

eurvate ; front tibie a little flexuous, rather thicker above

than at the extremity ; the intermediate evidently shorter,

densely squamose, with a dentiform projection near the

extremity ; the posterior squamose, exe lk aa arched,

10*

140 Major T. Broun on new Genera and

Scape short, gradually incrassate; funiculus finely pubes-

cent, basal joint short and stout, joints 3-7 transverse,

gradually becoming broader ; club large, oblong-oval.

Underside rather finely punctate, with depressed greyish

sete ; third and fourth ventral segments nearly nude.

The old P. sulcatus is described as having six ribs on each

elytron, with punctated intervals. Its scutellum is quite

elongate, like that of P. granulatus, but in P. denticostatus it

is small and nearly rotundate; this, therefore, is a good

distinguishing character. With the exception of P. coronatus

the sexes have not been satisfactorily determined.

¢. Length (rost. incl.) 34; breadth 13 line. .

Karori, Wellington. One from Mr. G. V. Hudson."

Zeacalles lepidulus, sp. n.

Body very convex, subovate, covered with small, depressed,

tawny squame; a few more elongated erect white ones near

the sides and apex of the elytra and a few short, erect, coarse

infuscate sete; it is infuscate red, with red tarsi and

antenne.

Rostrum red, longitudinally sculptured, apical portion

finely punctate. Thorax about as long as broad, a good deal

but very gradually narrowed anteriorly ; apex obtuselv

rounded, very slightly depressed in front, its punctuation

obscured by the elongate squame. Hlytra cordate, rather

short, their sides and apex vertical, very slightly broader

than thorax at the base, considerably broader before the

middle, gradually yet a good deal narrowed posteriorly ;

they are rather abruptly elevated near the base and appa-

rently striate; on top of the posterior declivity there are

two well-developed nodosities, two less elevated but more

elongate ones at the base, and three or four smaller ones

near the sides; the grey scales are most perceptible on the

sides near the base; there are also a few dark specks here

and there. Legs stout, bearing coarse greyish sete. Tarsi

finely setose underneath, third joint expanded, grooved or

excavated above, but not perceptibly lobed; claws very

small.

Scape short, slender at the base, gradually thickened.

Funiculus elongate, first joint stout, second and third

slender and moderately elongate, the former the longer of

the two, 4-7 obconical and gradually incrassate; club oval,

triarticulate.

Larger than the four previously described species, and

distinguished therefrom by the elytral nodosities. The lobes

Species of New-Zealand Coleoptera. 141

of the third tarsal joint are very short in all these four

species ; in this one they are quite obsolete.

Length (rost. excl.) 14; breadth ? line.

Totara, Southland (Mr. A. Philpott) ; one individual.

Harasv, gen. nov.

Robust, convex, suboblong, squamose.

Rostrum rather shorter than thorax, moderately broad,

subparallel. The scrobe begins before the middle and ex-

tends to the lower and front part of the eye. Scape almost

straight, only slightly incrassate, attaining the front of the

eye. Funiculus 7-articulate, basal two joints elongate,

second evidently the longer; third rather longer than

broad ; 4-7 subquadrate, the seventh larger than the pre-

ceding one; club elongate-oval, quadriarticulate. Eyes just

free from thorax, lateral, hardly convex, distinctly facetted,

truncate in front. Thorax conical, somewhat prolonged

over the head ; deeply emarginate behind the eyes, obtusely

rounded and with vibrissz just below them when the rostrum

is extended forwards. Scutellum absent. Elytra closely

adapted to the base of thorax, the shoulders slightly porrect,

a little widened behind the middle.

Legs stout and elongate. Femora grooved at the extre-

mity, but not distinctly angulate or dentate below. Tibie

flexuous, with prominent terminal spurs. Tarsi with fine

dense pubescence unde: neath, not in the least spongy ; third

joint moderately expanded, deeply and widely excavate above,

emarginate at apex, but without distinctly projecting lobes.

Pectoral canal deep, not extending beyond the back part

of the anterior coxz, and limited behind by the strongly

elevated border of the mesosternum, which is in contact with

the front coxz. Intermediate and posterior coze widely

separated. Metasternum short. Abdomen narrowed behind,

second segment, at the sides, about as long as the first, the

frontal suture sinuate ; third and fourth moderately short,

conjointly, quite as long as the second, all the sutures well

marked,

At once distinguishable from Acalles by the abbreviated

pectoral canal and from Dendrostygnus and Tychanopais by

the unarmed femora and different scrobe, which in these

genera starts nearly from the apex.

;

> Hatasu dorsale, sp. n.

Opaque, black ; antenne dark red; tarsi piceous ; squamo-

sity black, infuscate. or tawny; the last hue predominates

along the sides ; legs more or less maculate.

142 Major T. Broun on new Genera and

Rostrum closely and rugosely punctate in front, with

fewer punctures and a few scales behind; it is dull black.

Antenne with greyish hairs, the club densely pubescent.

Thorax as long as it is broad, its sides nearly straight behind,

distinctly but not abruptly narrowed anteriorly ; disk nearly

plane, with an elongate impunctate space along the middle ;

tawny scales form a central streak at the base, its apex is

not crested, but appears cleft at the middle; along the centre

it is of a sooty colour; along the sides some short, erect,

coarse sete are mingled with the tawny scales ; its punctua-

tion is concealed. Elytra suboblong, nearly vertical, and

much narrowed behind; along the middle of the dorsum it

is dull black, with very few minute, rounded, flattened,

tawny scales ; on each side of the suture there are two series

of coarse, almost foveiform, distant punctures, the sides are

foveate, with squamose elevated intervals, so as to seem

tuberculate ; there are four dark squamose elevations on

top of the posterior declivity ; the third interstices are more

or less irregularly elevated and blackish, and the apex bears

several small nodosities and punctures.

Underside dull black, covered with pale brown or greyish

scales, so that no punctures are visible.

Length (rost. excl.) 33-44; breadth 13-22 lines.

Broken River. I am indebted to Mr. J. H. Lewis for my

pair of specimens.

CLYPEOLUS, gen. nov.

Rostrum as long as thorax, very gradually narrowed back-

wards, the nearly smooth, subcordate, clypeal portion well

delineated. Mandibles not porrect, verticalin front. Scrobes

deep, quite lateral, extending from behind the middle to the

front of the eyes. Scape flexuous, slender, very gradually

incrassate, rather short, attaining the front of the eye.

Funiculus elongate, second joint evidently longer than

the elongate basal one, third longer than fourth ; seventh

moniliform, rather broader than sixth. Club ovate, acumi-

nate, triarticulate. Head moderately broad. Eyes widely

separated above,, quite lateral, subcuneiform, acuminate in

front. Thorax bisinuate at base, abruptly contracted ante-

riorly, with feeble ocular lobes. Scutel/um sunken or absent.

Elytra of same width as thorax at base, much narrowed and

nearly vertical behind. Femora Jong and thick, medi lly

dentate, grooved near the extremity. Tibie flexuous, with

robust apical spurs. Tarsi slender, finely setose underneath,

third joint moderately expanded and lobed.

Pectoral canal deep, extending to middle of intermediate

Species of New-Zealand Coleoptera, 143

coxe, Basal ventral segment very little longer than second,

its suture slightly medially incurved behind, third and fourth

only moderately abbreviated, fifth biimpressed.

Allied to Tychanus, differentiated therefrom by the well-

defined clypeus, perpendicular front face of mandibles, &c,

Clypeolus cineraceus, sp. 0.

Compact, robust, subovate, piceous, densely covered with

grey, yellowish-grey, and pale brown scales; antenna and

tarsi pale ferrugineous.

Rostrum subparallel, moderately finely and closely punc-

tured, the clypeal portion nearly smooth. Thorax of the

same width as elytra at the base, one-fifth broader than

long, abruptly narrowed and depressed in front, its apex

truncate and a little prominent, but not distinctly crested,

having only a few coarse erect setz ; its surface closely punc-

tate, most of the squame yellowish grey, the basal portion

somewhat flattened backwards and bearing a short pale ridge

in front of the scutellum, which it conceals; the erect scales

are congregated at the sides. /ytra slightly wider behind

the posterior femora than elsewhere, much narrowed and

declivous behind, with coarse punctures not disposed in

regular series ; their basal portion more or less infuscate,

the third and fifth interstices somewhat prominent there, the

suture alongside the sunken scutellum slightly raised and

bearing a few minute shining granules; the squamosity from

the shoulders to the posterior declivity is greyish; there are

two widely distant nodosities at the summit of the declivity,

and between each of these and the shoulder there are three

or four smaller prominences.

Underside thickly covered with griseous and infuscate

scales.

Length (rost. excl.) 23; breadth 14 line.

Broken River. A single specimen from Mr. J. H.

Lewis.

Acalles fuscidorsis, sp. n.

Subovate, robust, compact, densely squamose, variegate,

dark fuscous and infuscate grey; antennz and tarsi red.

Rostrum stout, parallel, covered with tawny scales, appa-

rently a little asperate in front, with a squamose ridge along

its basal portion; it is of about the same length as the

thorax. Head broadly depressed. Thorax an eighth broader

than long, much narrowed anteriorly and projecting over

the head, apex emarginate, with coarse squame, but not

144 Major T. Broun on new Genera and

distinctly crested there; the disk séems flattened, but is

slightly ridged along the middle, squamosity fuscous, almost

black near the sides ; these, however, are pallid; the erect

squamiform sete are nearly black. Hlytra as wide as thorax

at the base, but becoming a little wider behind the middle;

they are a good deal narrowed but not quite vertical behind ;

from the base four (two on each elytron) flexuous ridges

extend towards the posterior declivity ; the enclosed space is

darker than the sides or apex; on top of the declivity there

are two rather distant, somewhat rounded, moderately

prominent crests ; the sides are more or less uneven, but the

darker basal area is nearly plane; they are coarsely striate-

punctate apparently. Legs squamose, variegated; femora

widely notched below near the extremity, and bearing coarse

sete, so as to appear subdentate near the middle; third

tarsal joint expanded, but with very short lobes, pubescent

underneath.

Antenne implanted just behind the middle; scape squamose,

very gradually thickened, reaching the front of the eye;

funiculus sparsely setose, rather long, basal two joints

equally elongate, third distinctly longer than broad, five to

seven bead-like; club opaque, ovate, densely pubescent.

The elytral disk appears unusually short, partly owing to

difference in colour and rather long posterior declivity.

Length (rost. excl.) 22; breadth 14 line.

Invercargill. The description is drawn up from a unique

specimen mounted on cardboard by Mr. A. Philpott.

Acalles igneus, sp. 0.

Convex, subovate, densely squamose, variegate ; basal half

(but not the sides) of elytra and a median spot on base of

thorax black; remainder of surface covered with fiery red

scales, some coarse and depressed, others more elongate and

erect; these are intermingled with very few greyish ones

here and there ; the rostrum and legs also bear more or less

rufescent squame ; antenne testaceous.

Rostrum of about the same length as thorax, stout, ex-

panded towards the eyes, finely medially carinate in front.

Thorax about as long as broad, more narrowed in front than

behind, its punctuation entirely hidden by the squamosity.

Scutellum absent. Hlytra convex, subcordate, obviously

striate. Legs robust. Scape gradually incrassate, attaining

the eye; funiculus 7-articulate, basal joint thick, 6 and 7

transverse, the latter the broader; club triarticulate, stout,

ovate. Ocular lobes absent.

Species of New-Zealand Coleoptera. 145

Length (rost. excl.) 1; breadth } line.

Broken River, Canterbury. Mr. J. H. Lewis secured two

specimens ; the one retained by him is even brighter, quite

scarlet in fact. The fiery squamosity is distinctive.

Acalles altus, sp. n.

Compact, very convex, subovate, rough, densely covered

with obscure greyish scales ; antennz and tarsi fulvescent ;

rostrum pitchy red.

Rostrum thick, gradually narrowed towards the middle,

where the antenne are inserted. Scape reaching backwards

to the eye; funiculus 7-articulate, basal joint nearly as thick

at apex as the scape, second more slender, nearly twice the

length of third; seventh distinctly broader than the pre-

ceding ones ; club ovate, triarticulate. Thorax rather longer

than broad, much but not abruptly narrowed anteriorly, its

frontal portion depressed; across the front of the basal

portion are erect scales which almost form a pair of crests ;

it projects over the head, but is much shorter below. Head

globose underneath, but distinctly depressed above between

the eyes ; this flattened part is blackish. dytra very slightly

wider than thorax at the base, short and subovate, and quite

vertical behind: when examined from the side they are seen

to be on an abruptly higher level than the thorax; they are

also convex transversely ; on the summit of the hind declivity

there is a pair of prominent crests, there is also a less promi-

nent one on each side, but not so far back, Legs stout and

scaly.

Underside covered with greyish scales, all the cox almost

equally widely separated. Pectoral canal deep and _ broad ;

its raised margins extend almost to the front of the inter-

mediate cox. Metasternum abbreviated, so that the middle

and hind coxz nearly touch each other. Abdomen punctate,

basal two segments on a higher plane than the short third

aud fourth, the second apparently very short.

The thorax doubtless is punctate and the elytra striate-

punctate, but as the specimen may be needed afterwards in

its natural condition, | have not spoilt it by scraping.

Like A. cristatus (1276), more sombre of aspect, with less

obvious and fewer crests, and distinguished by the inter-

ocular depression. No doubt a new genus will ultimately

be formed for these two species.

Length (rost. excl.) 1; breadth § line.

Broken River. From Mr, J. H. Lewis.

146 Major T. Broun on new Genera and

Acalles albistrigalis, sp. n.

Subovate, moderately convex, piceous ; antenne flavescent ;

tarsi infuscate red ; covered with depressed dark or obscure

greyish scales and numerous coarse erect sete, without

distinct elevations or crests.

Rostrum short and broad, obviously shorter than thorax.

Antenne inserted at, or immediately in front of, the middle

of rostrum ; the scape only moderately thickened apically,

barely reaching the eye; funiculus indistinctly pubescent,

basal joint stout, second and third rather slender and elon-

gate, 5-7 short; club ovate, articulate, pubescent. Eyes

rather flat, coarsely facetted. Thorax evidently longer than

broad, gradually uarrowed anteriorly, its frontal portion a

little depressed; at its base there are two longitudinal

streaks formed by whitish scales; the base is sharply trun-

cate. LElytra short, subcordate, slightly wider than thorax

at base. Legs stout, bearing erect, coarse, squamiform

sete.

A carefully denuded specimen shows that the derm is

slightly glossy, that the thorax, in proportion to its small

size, is coarsely and very closely punctured, and that the

elytra have, on each, two well-marked sutural striz, the sculp-

ture beyond being regularly striate-punctate.

This, one of the smallest species of Acalles, may be identi-

fied by its short rostrum and the relatively long thorax with

its pair of whitish basal streaks.

Length (rost. excl.) $; breadth 3 line.

Broken River (Mr. J. H. Lewis) ; two specimens.

Acalles aterrimus, sp. un.

Convex, subovate, sparingly clothed with erect sete ; black ;

antennee red, tarsi rufo-piceous.

Rostrum stout, slightly and gradually narrowed towards

the middle, its sculpture longitudinal but irregular, with a

few yellowish-grey scales at the base. Scape flexuous, gradu-

ally incrassate, implanted just behind the middle and just

attaining the eye. Funiculus nearly glabrous, basal joint

stout, second rather shorter and much more slender, 4—7

small and about equal. Club ovate, dark, with grey pubes-

cence, indistinctly triarticulate. Thorax longer than broad,

subconical, moderately narrowed and a little depressed in

front ; this frontal portion slightly shining, with less nume-

rous and finer but very distinct punctures ; the basal portion

Species of New-Zealand Coleoptera. 147

closely and very coarsely punctured, a little depressed longi-

tudinally in the middle, its base truncate; it bears some

erect Eisceke sete at the sides. Elytra subcordate, of the

same width as the thorax at the base, widest near the middle,

apex much narrowed and nearly vertical; they have series

of relatively coarse punctures, coarser at the sides than at

the suture, and becoming striate behind; the interstices

beyond the second row of sutural punctures appear some-

what elevated from base to apex; there are no squame,

only a few coarse erect sete. Legs stout, coarsely setose,

apical hooks of the tibize well developed.

Underside black ; basal ventral segments coarsely but not

closely punctured, second barely half the length of the first,

the suture indistinct ; third and fourth very short, with deep

sutures ; fifth reddish, minutely sculptured. Pectoral canal

profound, its raised hind margins extending to the middle of

intermediate coxze. Metasternum very short. There are no

distinct ocular lobes.

The plain black colour, absence of squamosity, and rather

long medially depressed thorax are distinctive characters.

Length (rost. excl.) 7-1; breadth @ line.

Broken River (Mr. J. H. Lewis). Two examples, the

smaller one probably the male.

Acalles presetosus, sp. 0.

Minute, rather broad, subovate, without crests or inequali-

ties, covered with pale sappy matter and erect, coarse,

squamiform setz of a greyish-yellow colour, and at the base

of the thorax with two elongate patches of minute, rounded,

cream-coloured scales ; antennz and tarsi red.

Rostrum stout, gradually narrowed medially, with many

depressed greyish scales which are perceptibly separated from

each other. Thorax apparently longer than broad, widest

behind the middle, gradually narrowed towards the front,

base truncate ; the surface punctate and studded with erect

scale-like sete. lytra slightly wider than thorax at the

base, moderately short and broad, only a little broader near

the middle than elsewhere, rounded and nearly vertical

behind, distinctly striate-punctate, their clothing similar to

that of the thorax. Legs stout, almost as coarsely setose as

the body. Tarsi with fine, white, brush-like soles, their

third joint moderately dilated, with well-developed lobes.

A, albistrigalis is a rather smaller and narrower insect,

with altogether different vestiture, yellow antenna, and with

148 Major T. Broun on new Genera and

a triangular notch at the base of the elytra, indicating the

presence of a scutellum, which, however, as in this species,

could not be detected.

Length (rost. excl.) $; breadth } line.

Invercargill (Mr. A. Phi/pott) ; one only.

Acalles robustus, sp. n.

Compact, convex, subovate, robust, pitchy black; antennze

and tarsi ferrugineous, irregularly squamose and setose.

Rostrum stout, longer than thorax, gradually and slightly

narrowed backwards, punctate and longitudinally rugose.

Antenne scantily pubescent ; the scape just attains the eye ;

basal two joints of funiculus equally elongate, 3-7 small ;

club ovate, articulated, pubescent. Hyes oblique, acuminate

in front. Thorax rather short, subconical, a little constricted

in front, moderately finely and closely punctured; a flat

space along the middle, broad behind but narrower in front ;

is covered with depressed fuscous scales and is bordered with

darker erect ones, its sides more or less squamose, but not

crested. Scutellum absent. lytra ample, subcordate,

widest before the middle, much narrowed but not vertical

behind, slightly broader than thorax at the base ; rather bare

along the middle, with two series of narrow elongate im-

pressions along each side of the suture; on each elytron,

before the middle, there are four dark, squamose, but not

very prominent elevations, one being on the shoulder, two

near the base, the fourth a little further back ; a slightly

curved squamose ridge extends from near the middle thigh

to the summit of the declivity, but does not reach the third

interstice; the sides and posterior declivity are covered with

scales, a few being paler than others; all, however, are

infuseate. Legs stout, bearing dark scales and outstanding

coarse sete.

Underside opaque, fusco-niger, with yellowish-brown

squamz ; second ventral segment shorter than the first, both

rather finely sculptured, fifth rather closely and moderately

coarsely punctured ; pectoral canal between the middle cox

limited by elevated margins. Femora grooved underneath,

the anterior somewhat angulate but not dentate.

There can be but little difficulty in identifying this rather

large species.

Length (rost. excl.) 245; breadth 13 line.

Mount Te Aroha. Two in my own collection.

Species of New-Zealand Coleoptera. 149

Acalles flavisetosus, sp. n.

Oblonyg-oval, moderately convex, without appreciable

inequalities of surface; rufo-fuscous; rostrum slightly

shining piceo-rufous; the body densely covered with small,

round, depressed, yellowish-grey scales, and rather short but

not coarse decumbent yellow set, which, on the elytra, form

regular series on the interstices,

Rostrum finely punctate, nearly nude, base squamose, the

apex with a few erect yellow setz ; it is slightly and gradually

narrowed towards the middle; there isa distinct contraction

or notch at each side of the base. Hyes of normal shape.

Scape moderately slender, just touching the eye. Funiculus

with yellowish pubescence, first joint stout and but little

longer than second; third to seventh gradually thickened ;

club ovate, articulate. Thorax coutracted in front, feebly

sinuate, and depressed at the base; with an indistinctly

raised line along the middle, apparently closely but not

coarsely punctured. Scutellum deeply sunk or absent.

Elytra oblong, slightly broader than thorax at the base, a

good deal narrowed but not quite perpendicular behind,

coarsely striate-punctate. Femora grooved underneath ;

tibize uncinate and setose ; tarsi with brush-like, not spongy,

soles,

Pectoral canal deep, limited between the intermediate coxze

by strongly elevated margins. Metasternum rather broadly

depressed, A/domen on the same plane as the epipleura,

second segment in the middle quite halt the length of the

first, intervening suture quite straight, third and, fourth

short ; underside clothed with yellowish scales.

This species may be identified by the absence of superficial

inequalities, almost uniform coloration, and by the basal

margin of the thorax being depressed and densely covered

with small yellow scales; this last peculiarity I have not

noticed in other species.

Length (rost. excl.) 1}; breadth { line.

Broken River (Mr. J. H. Lewis) ; a single specimen,

Sympedius rectirostris, sp. n.

Compact, convex, subovate, variegate, densely squamose ;

antennz and tarsi ferrugineous.

Rostrum about as long as thorax, not arched, its basal half

slightly expanded towards the eyes and bearing grey squame,

the apical portion nearly nude and smooth. Thorax much,

but not abruptly, narrowed anteriorly, with a pair of promi-

nent light brown or testaceous crests at the apex; this

150 Major T. Broun on new Genera and

frontal portion depressed, so that the basal part appears to

be abruptly elevated and marginate with short erect scales ;

the diseoidal squamosity is fuscous and overlapping, thus

concealing the punctuation ; the lateral squamez are paler.

Scutellum small. Elytra apparently striate, but their whole

sculpture is rendered indistinct by the overlapping scales,

most of which are dark, but paler on the third and fifth

interstices, which look like interrupted ridges, the inner being

most distinct ; near each side, in line with the hind thighs,

some greyish scales are concentrated ; they are of the same

width as the thorax at the base, but curvedly narrowed

behind. Tarsi setose, penultimate articulation twice as

broad as the second, transverse, with very short lobes.

A veritable Sympedius, agreeing in most respects with

S. testudo (889), but only about half its bulk, with the

rostrum straight. The basal joint of the funiculus is ineras-

sate, but does exceed the slender second in length ; the an-

tennal insertion is exactly at the middle of the rostrum.

It differs from S. lepidus (1683) in appearance and colora-

tion; that species, however, has more slender tarsi, more

abruptly dilated third joints, and more slender terminal

ones ; the antenne are stouter and are implanted just before

the middle.

Length (rost. excl.) 13; breadth ? line.

Otara, Southland. One sent to me by Mr, A. Philpott in

November 1894.

OM@ACALLES, gen. nov.

Body. compact, convex, subovate, broadest at the middle

and tapering towards both extremities, squamose. Legs

elongate and rather slender; tibiz straight, uncinate at

apex. Scape rather slender, incrassate apically, barely

reaching the eye. Funiculus 7-articulate, basal two joints

obconical, of nearly equal length, neither elongate; 3-6

rather longer than broad, almost moniliform, seventh trans-

verse; club ovate. Hyes depressed, subtriangular, truncate

below and nearly so behind. The scrodes extend from the

middle of the rostrum to the eyes.

Pectoral canal deep in front, continued between the vertical

lateral borders of the mesosternum in front of the middle

cox, and extending as a smooth sloping surface as far as

the truncate suture of the short metasternum, and not

bounded there by any raised hind margin. Basal ventral

segment medially flattened, with the intercoxal suture quite

straight, rather larger than the second, which slopes back-

wards to the level of the abbreviated third and fourth.

Species of New-Zealand Coleoptera. 151

The sterual structure differentiates this genus from Acalles

and its allies,

Omeacalles perspicuus, sp. 0.

Piceous, without nodosities ; rostrum, antennz, and tarsi

red ; legs somewhat rufescent ; the body densely clothed with

variegated scales and erect setie.

_ Rostrum arched, moderately slender, rather longer than

thorax, subparallel, nearly glabrous, finely punctate. Thorar

as long as broad, a good deal narrowed anteriorly, mode-

rately coarsely and closely punctured; covered with flat

scales, mostly tawny brown, some blackish near the base,

with a greyish or testaceous streak along the middle in

front ; the coarse erect setz are chiefly pale testaceous grey.

Scutellum absent. Elytra but little broader than thorax at

the base, curvedly narrowed backwards, apparently regularly

punctate-striate; the squamosity like that of the thorax,

with numerous irregular dark specks ; the suture at the apex

is testaceous ; the fourth interstices, near the middle, bear

distinct grey spots ; the setz also are variegated.

Legs with coarse erect pale sete, but near the knees dark

spots occur. Femora darkly grooved near the apex.

Length (rost. excl.) 1?; breadth { line.

Waitakerei Range, Auckland. Described from three

specimens in my own collection.

TorILvs, gen. nov.

Body compact, squamose. Thorax bisinuate at the base,

so that the obtuse posterior angles appear to cover the

shoulders. Scutellum distinct. Hlytra cordiform, of the

same width as the thorax at the base.

Rostrum arched, moderately broad, gradually narrowed

towards the middle, rather less expanded at the apex than

near the eyes, just in front of these slightly notched at each

side. Palpi short, rigid and porrect. Scrobes invisible

above, extending from before the middle, below the surface,

to the lower and front part of the eyes, deep throughout

their whole length. Scape flexuous, rather slender, mode-

rately iucrassate towards the extremity; it does not attain

the eye. Funiculus 7-articulate, basal joint remarkably

short, hardly more than half the length of the second, which

is slender and elongate; third and fourth a little longer than

broad ; seventh transverse, evidently broader than the sixth;

club ovate, not very perceptibly articulated. Hyes acuminate

152 Major T. Broun on new Genera and

in front. Femora long and stout, grooved and angulate, and

medially dentiform underneath. Tibie rather short, with

stout terminal hooks. Tarsi setose below, penultimate joint

only moderately dilated and lobed.

Pectoral canal extends to just behind the middle coxe,

limited by elevated borders. Metasternum very short, so

that the posterior coxz almost touch the intermediate.

Basal ventral segment twice the length of the second, the

suture between them medially angulate; third and fourth

moderately short.

The principal distinguishing characters are the unusually

short basal joint of the funiculus, the constriction at the

base of the rostrum, the overlapped humeral angles, and

dentate femora.

Torilus griseicollis, sp. n.

Convex, subovate, opaque, piceous ; rostrum pitchy red,

antenne and tarsi ferrugineous; thorax covered with

yellowish-grey scales, the elytra with dark variegated

squame.

Rostrum slightly longitudinally rugose and punctate, with

pale brown scales at its base. Club pubescent, similar to

the funiculus in colour. Thorax a third broader than long,

its frontal half much, but not very abruptly, contracted, its

extreme apex pale brown; near the middle there are two

small crests ; an ill-defined carina extends from the base to

beyond the middle; the inflated sides bear pale reddish-

brown squame, and near the middle of the base there are a

few dark ones; the punctuation is hidden. Scutellum small,

piceous. Elytra broadest near the middle, much narrowed

and nearly vertical behind, their sides inflexed ; when looked

at sideways they are seen to be most elevated near the thorax ;

they are striate-punctate; the basal portion is uneven, a

series of small brown crests almost forms a curve from one

side to the other, but is least distinct near the suture, on the

summit of the posterior declivity. Unabraded specimens

may be more variegated, and probably have a more definite

arcuate area on the hind-body.

Underside clothed with depressed greyish scales; third and

fifth ventral segments infuscate.

Length (rost. excl.) 12; breadth 1 line.

Broken River. Described from a specimen found by

Mr. J. H. Lewis.

Species of New-Zealand Coleoptera. 153

ONIaAs, gen. nov.

Rostrum shorter than thorax, subparallel. The scrobes

begin at or just before the middle of the rostrum and ex-

tend along the sides, below the upper surface, to the eyes.

Scape subclavate for half of its length, slender near the base,

attaining the eye. Funiculus 7-articulate, first joint thick,

second of similar form and length but more slender, 3-6

gradually decrease in length, seventh short and transverse ;

club ovate. Thorax without ocular lobes, rather longer than

broad, base bisinuate. Scufellum absent. E/ytra cordate,

as wide as thorax at the base. Femora simple, long and

stout, grooved near the extremity. Tibie short, flexuous,

uncinate. Tarsi slender, nearly glabrous underneath, with

only a few fine set on their third joint.

Pectoral canal \imited between the intermediate coxze by

elevated borders. Metasternum short. Basal ventral segment

broadly rounded between the coxze, its apical suture quite

straight ; it is about double the length of the second; third

and fourth, conjointly, as long as the second ; the terminal

narrow, depressed at each side.

Differentiated from Tylodes, Acalles, and their nearest

allies by the nearly glabrous soles of the tarsi, abdominal

structure, hair-like vestiture, &c. Metacalles has a long

rostral canal, the base of the thorax is truncate, and the

abdomen differs.

Onias latisulcatus, sp. n.

Convex, subovate, piceous ; apex of rostrum distinctly red ;

tibize ferrugineous ; antenne testaceous or rufescent ; clothed

with minute dark fuscous and paler squamez and numerous

outstanding sete.

Rostrum longitudinally sculptured and punctate, squamose

near the base, smooth but not definitely carinate along the

middle. Thorax rather longer than broad, widest just

behind the middle, more, yet only gradually, narrowed in

front than behind ; coarsely and closely punctured, broadly

channelled along the middle, and with a very slender carina

or smooth line in the middle of the depression; at each side

of this a few paler scales almost form spots. Elytra strongly

rounded laterally, much narrowed, and nearly vertical be-

hind ; they are rather short; with series of oblong punctures

along the middle, so as to appear regularly striate-punctate

there; this area, from the base to the middle, is bordered by

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 11

154 Major T. Broun on new Genera and

a ridge formed by suberect testaceous or pale brown scales,

on each shoulder there is usually a shorter dark one ; there

is also a transverse pale spot at each side in line with the

hind thigh; the lateral punctuation is coarse, sometimes

foveiform. The /egs bear numerous dark outstanding sete.

Underside dull piceous, with rather coarse punctures; in

each of these there is a depressed, elongated, yellowish

scale; the fifth ventral segment is rufescent and broadly

depressed at each side.

3 ?. Length 3-14 (rost. excl.) ; breadth 4-3 line.

Broken River (Mr. J. H. Lewis). Another of his nume-

rous discoveries amongst fallen leaves and twigs.

Obs.—1424 must be removed from Acalles, so as to

become known as Onias sentus,

Onias ornatus, sp. n.

Convex, medially contracted, opaque, piceo-rufous ; ros-

trum entirely shining pitchy red; tarsi and antenne pale

ferrugineous ; clothing variegate, pale brick-red and blackish,

the long erect setze numerous, very conspicuous on the legs

as well as the body, and quite fuscous.

Rostrum finely and distantly punctate in front, longitu-

dinally sculptured behind, with a few fusco-testaceous squame

at the base. Thoraa about a fourth longer than broad,

evidently broadest behind the middle, gradually narrowed

anteriorly, more strongly and obliquely towards the base ;

rather coarsely and closely punctured, nearly bare and a

little shining at the apex and along the middle; the pale

reddish elongated squamz somewhat concentrated along each

side of the broad, yet long, central depression. Elytra only

about a fourth longer than the thorax, much wider at and

before the middle than at the base, so that the body seems

much contracted at the middle; they are almost vertical

behind; they are striate-punctate ; at the base, near the

suture, there are two short elevations, composed of elongate

slightly rufescent squame ; along the sides and on the back

the scales are shorter, but of similar colour, but there is a

blackish, slightly raised, squamose spot on each shoulder,

another "farther back and nearer the suture, one on the

suture at the middle, and two on each side of the summit of

the posterior declivity, the inner one the larger.

Easily distinguishable from O. latisulcatus by the brighter

and more rufescent vestiture, by the thorax and elytra being

appreciably broader near the middle ; the scales are more

Species of New-Zealand Coleoptera. 155

clongate on the thorax, and there is no carina in the median

depression, &e.

Underside piceous, with greyish-yellow setiform scales ;

basal ventral segment broadly depressed, deeply and coarsely

but not closely punctured; the intervals densely and very

minutely sculptured, the fifth slightly rufescent, its punctua-

tion rather shallow ; it is not visibly depressed at the sides.

Length (rost. excl.) 1; breadth quite 4 line.

Broken River (Mr. J. H. Lewis).

Mesoreda sulcifrons, sp. n.

Elongate, suboblong, convex, piceo-rufous; densely covered

with somewhat elongate scales, dark brown, tawny, or nearly

white.

Rostrum rather longer than thorax, moderately slender,

parallel, hardly at all arched above ; apical portion with a

few fine punctures and slender hairs, but appearing nude ;

the basal portion closely punctured and covered with tawny

scales. Thorax a good deal contracted and a little depressed

in front, distinctly and very closely punctate, the intervals

narrow and somewhat rugose ; most of the squamosity dark,

but with a large grey patch near each hind angle ; there is a

narrow longitudinal median ridge; the apical scales are

slightly raised, but do not form distinct crests; its base is

strongly bisinuate. Scutellum greyish. Elytra oblong and

of about the same width as the thorax till near the apex ;

they are striate, with numerous minute punctures on the

interstices, which seem more or less rugose ; the sutural area

from the base to near the middle bears many white squame

with slightly elevated, broad, fuscous borders; pallid scales

also form a sort of interrupted arch behind the basal area,

and extending from one shoulder to the other; there is a

transverse patch on the hind declivity; the rest of their

surface is covered with dark or tawny squame and short,

coarse, erect seta.

Antenne rather slender ; scape nearly glabrous ; funiculus

elongate, basal joint subpyriform, joints 2-7 gradually

incrassate, seventh very transverse, so that the long articu-

lated club is not very obviously marked off. Femora laterally

compressed, notched near the extremity, but not distinctly

dentate below. Tibia slightly flexuous, the two hind pairs

slightly prominent externally near the base and extremity,

Tarsi with greyish sete.

Differentiated from M. orthorhina (1625) by an clougate

156 Major T. Broun on new Genera and

inter-ocular depression, by the thoracic ridge, the basal

elevations on the elytra, more slender antenne, and variegated

squamosity.

?. Length (rost. excl.) 21; breadth 1} line.

Timaru; one found by Mr. W. L. Wallace amongst leaves

on the ground and another from Mr. A. Philpott, of Inver-

cargill.

KENTRAULAX, gen. nov.

Rostrum stout, shorter than thorax, contracted medially.

Scrobes deep, quite exposed above, beginning just before the

middle and extending to the lower and front part of the

eyes. Antenne short and stout. Scape thick, gradually

incrassate, but not clavate at the extremity ; it does not

reach the eye. Funiculus7-articulate ; basa) joint obconical,

not elongate; joints 2-7 gradually becoming thicker, trans-

verse; the triarticulate oviform club not at all distinctly

marked off. Therax with rounded sides very abruptly con-

tracted, but not depressed in front; base bismuate, without

ocular lobes. Scutellum distinct. Hlytra oblong, of the

same breadth as thorax, gradually and slightly narrowed

posteriorly. Femora deeply notched and grooved near the

extremity. Anterior ¢ilie with a stout median mucro at its

front face, and also angulate at the inner and outer extre-

mities. Tarsi with brush-like soles, third joint expanded,

its lobes narrowly separated. Hyes quite truncate in front.

Pectoral canal not deep, rather narrow between the front

cox, not limited behind by the triangular mesosternal

process, which has prominent front angles, the mesosternum

itself being broadly depressed in front of the coxe from one

side to the other ; the canal borders are not at all sharply

defined laterally, being, indeed, thick and broad, and, near

the front, each side bears a strong, remarkable, spiniform

protuberance.

In Oreda notata the rostral canal is deep and limited

throughout by elevated borders, the mesosternal precess

being in contact with the front coxe, which are widely

separated ; the cavity is very deep and extends behind the

anterior coxe.

In Aldonus the canal terminates at the thickly pubescent

hind face of the prosternum, and the broad depressed frontal

portion of the mesosternum intervenes between its broad

process and the flattened area between the anterior coxe.

Kentraulax should be placed near these two genera, but is

distinguished from both by the conspicuous protuberance at

Speetes of New-Zealand Coleoptera. 157

each side of the rostral canal. The middle and hind tibiz

are medially angulate externally and prolonged at the outer

extremity, the former most distinctly, so that their structure

is somewhat similar to that of Psepholaz.

The genus is instituted for the more systematic location

of Oreda murina (864), which now becomes Kentraulax

murina.

Getacalles favosus, sp. n.

Convex, suboblong, opaque, rough ; densely covered with

variegated, small, depressed, and some elongated upright

squamze, yellowish brown or testaceous, the darker colour

predominates, the lighter form crests and cover the suture

of the elytra from behind the middle to the apex; antenn

and tarsi ferrugineous.

Rostrum moderately arched, parallel, thick, quite as long

as thorax, constricted near the eyes, closely punctate, covered

with rufo-fuscous scales almost to its apex. Thorax in front

only about half the width of the basal portion, depressed and

obtusely prominent, but not distinctly crested there ; the

larger basal part with two small pale crests near the front

and two near the middle further apart, its sides rough, with

pale outstanding squame. Seutellum very distinct, greyish.

Elytra with thick humeral angles projecting beyond the

base of the thorax ; with coarse irregular punctures or foveze

and irregularly formed, slightly raised intervals, so as to

appear somewhat favose ; they bear about twenty more or

less evident crests or nodosities, the most conspicuous being

situated behind the middle. Legs roughly squamose.

Underside squamose, pale brown, the sides of the terminal

segments blackish.

In Tychanus, the nearest ally, the rostral canal extends to

the middle of the intermediate cox, where it is deep or

cavernous ; but in this species the hind part has a frontal

slope, so that the tip of the rostrum cannot penetrate delow

the margin of the mesosternal process. The ventral seginents

are on two distinct planes, the terminal three being sunk

below the level of the epipleura ; the basal segment is more

than double the length of the second in the middle, its hind

suture is much sinuate, nearly vertical, and as densely

squamose as its upper surface ; third and fourth moderately

short.

The scape is slender, flexuous, and a little incrassate

towards the extremity. The fwniculus is longer ; second

joint more slender than, but almost as long as, the first ;

158 Major T. Broun on new Genera and

joints 3-7 gradually thickened. C/ud quadriarticulate, basal

joint as large as the following three combined ; in Tychanus

it is triarticulate.

Distinguished from the other species by its very asperate

hind body and pallid suture.

Length (rost. excl.) 1}; breadth 14 line.

Ligar’s Bush, Papakura. Two specimens in my own

collection.

B2ZORHYNCHODES, gen. nov.

Body very convex, nearly as high behind the middle as it

is broad ; compact, oval, squamose.

Rostrum elongate, rather slender, almost quite parallel-

sided. Mandibles distinct. Scrobes lateral, beginning at the

middle and extending to the eyes. Head short, on a rather

higher plane than the rostrum, smooth and subglobular

below. yes large, finely facetted, subtruncate in front.

Scape slender, almost attaining theeye. Funiculus elongate,

basal joint stouter and a little longer than second ; joints

3-7 gradually incrassate. Club elongate-oval. Thoraz

conical, without ocular lobes. Elytra subcordate, closely

adapted to base of thorax, bisinuate, and only slightly wider

at the shoulders than the base of thorax.

Legs moderately long but stout ; tibiz thickly mucronate

at extremity. Tarsi setose above ; basal two joints scantily

clothed, third densely clothed with grey hairs underneath ;

basal two joints moderately slender, third rather widely

expanded, deeply excavate above, but with very short lobes.

Pectoral canal deep, wide in front; its raised margins

extend to hind part of the intermediate coxe. Metasternum

short, somewhat uneven, and on a higher plane than the

ventral segments. Abdomen with five segments, the first on

a higher level than second, and, in the middle, nearly the

Jength of the following two combined ; third and fourth each

shorter than second, yet not much abbreviated; 2—4 with

deep sutures ; fifth subconical.

Very similar to Euthyrhinus; the scrobes, however, are

not abbreviated, and do not extend to the lower surface of

the rostrum ; the sternal canal differs, and the elytral apices

are not acuminate. In Rhynchodes the scrobe attaius the

eye (which is more pointed in front) and begins before the

middle; the scape consequently is proportionately longer, the

rostrum differs, and so does the pectoral canal. Baeorhyn-

chodes, in fact, is intermediate between the genera ¢ited.

Species of New-Zealand Coleoptera. 159

Beorhynchodes cristatus, sp. n.

Subopaque, nigro-piceous ; the legs, rostrum, and antennz

rufo-piceous.

Head apparently impressed between the eyes, with slender

dark grey squame. Rostrum finely punctate, with some

slender hairs near the base, not distinctly carinate, Thorax

much narrowed, but not abruptly constricted in front, with

two erect crests just over the head and an indistinct one at

the middle of each side; there is a depression before the

scutellum ; the surface distinctly but not coarsely or closely

punctured ; its squamosity decumbent, disposed irregularly,

and nearly as dark as the derm. Scutellwm distinct, nearly

white, H/ytra sharply limited or marginate laterally and

rufescent ; sides inflexed, asperate, and with fovea-like

impressions ; each elytron has four series of about ten deep

elongate depressions, which can hardly be called punctures,

and do not form striz, all being plainly separated ; the lateral

or fifth series are very coarse ; on the suture, at the middle,

there is a well-marked dark crest ; in front of this, on the

suture only, whitish scales extend to the scutellum ; inter-

stices finely punctured ; the squamz are dark but not coarse,

are nearly concolorous, and do not entirely cover the surface ;

the posterior declivity is not quite vertical.

Legs with short grey and blackish sete; femora not

deeply notched below ; intermediate tibie thickened and

arched just below the knees, the others nearly straight. The

upper vestiture of the tarsi is remarkable, the third joint of

the anterior bearing coarse outstanding sete.

Length (rost. excl.) 24 ; breadth 14 line.

Broken River. Unique. Although not showy, this

species is, to me, a very attractive little weevil. Mr. J. H.

Lewis discovered it.

Group Anthribidz.

Anthribus lewisi, sp. n.

Nigrescent, tomentose, variegate ; the front of rostrum

greyish or pale tawny; scutellum and a spot in front of it

white ; two small basal crests on the elytra and five or six

smaller spots near the sides tawny; along the elytral suture

there are six dull intensely black marks, and about as many

more nearer the sides ; the pygidium is greyish ; legs of a

chocolate hue, with a grey spot on the middle and another

at the extremity of the tibiz.

Rostrum shorter than thorax, flat and a little expanded in

160 On new New-Zealand Coleoptera.

front. Antenne inserted medially below the sides ; second

joint almost as stout as, but longer than, the exposed portion

of first; 3-5 elongate and nearly equal; 6-8 rather shorter,

but more incrassate at apex; club moderate, basal joint

longest and subtriangular, second transverse, terminal short,

oval, Eyes oblique, entire, oval, and prominent. Thorax

scarcely broader than long, a little narrower in front than

behind, only moderately rounded laterally ; its punctuation

not distinct; at the sides there are a few small granules;

there is a crested prominence on the middle; the carina is

near the base at the middle, but further from it at the sides;

posterior angles not sharply defined. dytra slightly uneven

above, distinctly broader than thorax at the base, apices

obtusely rounded ; they have series of small punctures, which

are more or less interrupted by the small crests.

A. brouni has the eyes lateral and longitudinally oval,

instead of being oblique and more on the upper part of the

head; the rostrum is longer and evidently narrower ; the

basal thoracic carina differs, and the antennz are longer,

with more elongated joints. A. dullatus is its nearest

congener.

Length (rost. incl.) 24; breadth Z line.

Broken River. One individual, discovered by Mr. J. H.

Lewis, whose name has been given to it.

Anthribus philpotti, sp. n.

Rostrum in front as broad as the head, excluding the eyes,

feebly incurved; the back covered with grey hairs. Thorax

transverse, its sides strongly rounded, distinctly and closely

punctate, clothed chiefly with dark hairs, but with a narrow

srey streak near the base ; the carina fine, medially angulate,

distant from the basal margin and bent forward at the sides ;

there are two small apical crests. Scutellum small, grey.

Elytra wider than thorax at the base, oblong, parallel, finely

but distinctly striate-punctate ; each elytron bears a large

basal prominence, a smaller one behind the middle, and two

still smaller on top of the posterior declivity, the inner the

larger of the two; the clothing consists of greyish, brown,

and dark hairs, so intermingled that no definite spots are

formed ; each shoulder is covered with greyish-yellow pubes-

cence, and thus appears conspicuous. Legs and tarsi pubes-

cent, variegate, testaceous, and fuscous.

Antenne as long as the hody, inserted in foveiform cavities

at the sides ; basal two joints stout and of the same length,

the first with distinct grey pub«scence ; third about a third

longer than fourth, clavate at the extremity ; joints 4-9 also

Geological Society. 161

elongate, ninth gradually thickened, tenth only slightly

longer than broad, eleventh oviform ; they are fusco-testa-

ceous. yes prominent, transverse, evidently emarginate

in front. General ground-colour piceous.

Its systematic position is near A. lanuginosus (968).

Length (rost. incl.) 13; breadth 2 line.

Invercargill. One specimen on cardboard submitted for

identification by Mr. A. Philpott, after whom I have

named it.

[To be continued. ]

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

June 16th, 1909.—Prof. W. J. Sollas, LL.D., Sc.D., F.R.S.,

President, in the Chair.

The following communications were read :—

1. ‘ The Carboniferous Limestone of County Clare.’

By James Archibald Douglas, M.A., B.Sc., F.G.S.

The district with which this paper deals forms the westernmost

limit of the great central Carboniferous Limestone plain of

Ireland.

The limestone floors nearly the whole of Eastern Clare, from the

southern shore of Galway Bay to the banks of the Shannon. This

area, for the purposes of description, is divided into two main

districts.

The whole of the northern region is formed by a vast elevated

plateau of Upper or Viséan Limestone, with a surface more than

100 square miles in extent, which rises on the north and east

in steep terraced cliffs, but to the south-west dips gently below

the so-called ‘ Coal-Measure’ Series. The surface of this plateau is

formed of bare rock, devoid of vegetation and presenting the

typical appearance of a Karst landscape. The rainfall is consider-

able, but is nearly all carried off by subterranean channels.

The southern district presents a totally different aspect. The

high ground is no longer formed of limestone: that on the east

being formed by Old Red Sandstone and Silurian rocks, that on

the west by Coal-Measures. ‘lhe older formations appear as two

anticlinal flexures with a north-easterly trend, forming the mountains

of Slieve Aughty and Slieve Bernagh, between which lies a broad

syncline of Carboniferous Limestone. The margin of this syncline

is formed by Tournaisian shales and limestone, the successive zones

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 12

162 Geological Society.

of which can be traced round its outcrop, while the Viséan linte-

stones occupy the core. Much of the country is obscured by drift,

chiefly derived from the underlying rocks.

A study of the limestone-fauna shows that the Geological Survey

boundary between the Upper and Lower Limestones corresponds

with the transition from a Tournaisian to a Viséan fauna; the

Lower Limestone cannot, however, be separated from the underlying

shales; and the Middle or ‘Calp’ Limestone contains a fauna

distinct from that of the Upper or Burren Limestone, although they

are not separable on lithological grounds. An account is given of

the zones recognized in County Clare, and a correlation made with

the sequence in other British localities.

The Old Red Sandstone is succeeded, to all appearance conform-

ably, by a thin series of sandy shales containing brachiopods

characteristic of the Cletstopora-Zone, at the base of which a band

is found containing abundant Modioliform lamellibranchs. The

Zaphrentis-Zone is well developed, the clathratus-subzone forming

the top of the Lower Limestone-Shales, and the konincki-subzone

the lower stratified limestone.

The most remarkable portion of the whole sequence is included

in the Syringothyris-Zone, which is represented by massive grey

and white mottled limestones with a luxuriant molluscan fauna, -

large cephalopods being especially abundant. These beds show

evidence of deposition in shallow water, affording further proof of

a mid-Avonian period of upheaval, The fauna is compared with

that of the Waulsortian phase of Belgium. The incoming of a

Viséan fauna is well marked at the base of the Seminula-Zone ; in

the middle of this zone occurs an important bed of oolitic limestone,

with abundant gasteropods. The Dibunophyllum-Zone attains a

thickness equal to that seen in the Midland area. D, is chiefly

characterized by the abundance of simple Dibunophylla, Cyatho-

phylum murchisoni, Clisiophyllid Lithostrotions, and Productus

latissimo-giganteus ; D, by the occurrence of Lonsdalia and Cyatho-

phylum regium ; and D, by the abundance of Zaphrentids, Caninia,

and Densiphyllids, and the apparent absence of Clisiophyllids and

Lithostrotions.

An account of the chief fossil localities, under the headings of the

separate Baronies, is then given, and the paper concludes with

paleontological notes.

2, ‘A New Species of Sthenurus. By Ludwig Glauert, F.G.S.

In a large collection of remains of extinct Marsupial mammals

from the Mammoth Cave, Margaret River (Western Australia),

the Author recognized several mandibles of a new kangaroo of the

genus Sthenurus. He now communicates a detailed description of

one specimen, and shows that the new species most nearly resembles

Sthenurus oreas (De Vis) and Sth. atlas (Owen).

Geological Society. 163

3. ‘Some Reptilian Remains from the Trias of Lossiemouth.’

By D. M. 8. Watson, B.Sc.

The fore limb of Ornithosuchus woodwardi is shown in a specimen

in the Manchester Museum, It is small, only about one-half the

size of the hind leg. The scapula is much expanded at both ends,

and is indistinguishably fused with the coracoid. The latter bone

is pierced by a large foramen, The humerus is a slender bone,

somewhat twisted, but not much expanded at the ends; it has a

distinct ectepicondylar groove. The ulna is very broad at the

proximal end, but narrows distally; its proximal portion forms a

thin plate of bone. The radius crosses the ulna, its proximal end

lying entirely in front of it, while the distal ends of the two bones

lie side by side. The carpus cannot be made out. Only meta-

carpals 1, 2, and 3 are functional; but a possible representative

of 4 lies closely pressed to the back of the other three. Both

phalanges of digit 1 are preserved, the last being a strong claw.

Ornithosuchus is restored as an animal walking on all fours, with

the head carried rather low. The proportions are identical with

those of dZ/osaurus.

A description is given of the skeleton of a very small reptile,

interesting as recalling tosaurus in its armour, and because it

shows the whole of the animal except the tail.

4, ‘Some Reptilian Tracks from the Trias of Runcorn (Cheshire),’

By D. M. 8. Watson, B.Sc.

Very little information exists as to the tracks of the smaller

reptilia of the Trias, although several types of footprints have been

described from isolated examples. Four types of tracks which

occur on the slab of sandstone from Weston Point, described in

1840 by Dr. Black, are discussed in this paper. They belong

to forms generally included in the Rhynchosauroid types and to

the footprint I, Beasley.

Both pes and manus are impressed in three of the cases, the

other being so small that it is doubtful whether the manus would

have made a recognizable impression if it did touch the ground.

Footprint A 2, Beasley, has a manus very similar to the pes, but

showing some traces of the palm.

Footprint A 8, spec. noy., has five toes in the pes connected by a

web. The manus is also five-toed, but corresponds to some extent

to I, Beasley. There is a well-marked tail-streak in the track.

E, Beasley, which is very similar to I, really has five digits, the

fifth being directed backwards and only just touching the ground.

A very small footprint is described as A 9.

It is suggested that some of these prints may quite well belong

to such Thecodonts as Ornithosuchus.

164 Miscellaneous.

5. ‘The Anatomy of Lepidophloios laricinus, Sternb.’

By D. M. 8. Watson, B.Se.

A specimen of Lepidophloics laricinus, found in one of the coal-

balls of Lancashire, shows the internal structure. The species is”

new, and is of the ordinary lepidodendroid type, but is remarkable

for the great size and strength of the corona and the leaf-traces.

Lepidophloios acadianus, Dawson, which is identical with

I. laricinus, appears to differ in its internal structure, in having

still stronger protoxylem-points and leaf-traces.

Lematophloios crassicaule, Corda, which is L. acerosus, L. & H.,

appears to resemble greatly the Lancashire specimen of L. laricinus

in its structure, and is quite distinct from the specimen of the same

form described by Cash & Lomax.

Lepidodendron fuliginosum, Will., a structural species, appears to

include a specimen the external structure of which corresponds with

Lepidophloios acerosus, Lepidodendron obovatum, L. aculeatum, and

Sigillaria discophora, Under these circumstances, it is proposed

to take no account of the impression-species in considering the

synonymy of the structural specimens, and vice versa. When

the exterior of a structural specimen is actually known, it may be

referred to by the name of the structural species, with that of the

impression-species added in brackets.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Burimeister’s ‘Genera quaedam Insectorum.’

Rererrinc to Mr. Sherborn’s notes in the last number of the

‘ Annals,’ on the dates of publication of this work, and having in

my library parts 1 to 9 in the original wrappers as issued, as well

as a complete copy in the original boards, 1 am able to make some

corrections and clear up the questions upon which he is in doubt.

Thrips and Phloo‘hrips were issued in part 6 (not in 5). Eudi-

nopus was also issued in this part.

Platygenia, which he states he cannot find, was issued in part 7.

Phthirius was issued in part 4, and the “ Carton” is a correction,

not an addition as he states, and with Lystra and Phenaw “ Carton”

must have been issued in part 10 as he suggests.

A titlepage bearing “ Vol. i. Rhynchota,” 1838, with the Preface

dated October 1837, was issued in part 1; but, as other orders were

included in the later parts, another titlepage, with ‘* Rhynchota ‘6

omitted and dated 1838-1845, was issued with the last part, and

this should be taken as the correct date of publication, 1837 being

the date the Preface was written.

Each of the ten parts comprised four plitcs with the corre-

sponding text. O. E. Janson.

July 3rd, 1909.

Fag + ole ee

a ee eae

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

[EIGHTH SERIES.]

No, 21. SEPTEMBER 1909.

XVIT.—A Revision of the Australian Species of the Genus

Scolia. By Rowianp EK. Turner, F.Z.S., F.E.S.

AUSTRALIA is not very rich in species of Scolia, but as there

has been some confusion in the naming and as to the sexes,

I think a revision may be useful. Probably more species will

be discovered in the Discolia group, for which I have had

east material available, but my material in other groups has

been very extensive. In addition to the series in the British

Museum, I have been able to use the fine series sent by

Mr. H. M. Giles from Western Australia and my own

collection from Queensland. The divisions into genera and

subgenera are more convenient than natural, the neuration, on

which the division is founded, often differing in the most

nearly allied species. I have been obliged to sink the name

Elis used by Saussure for the species with two recurrent

nervures, seeing that the Fabrician definition of Elis is

almost certainly taken from a male Plesta. The name must

therefore be used for Plesia, Jur., over which I think it has

priority, and not for the genus to which it is usually applied

and for which Campsomeris, Lep., must be used,

Outside the genus Scolia, taken in the wider sense, the

family Scoliidz is represented in Australia by a single species

of Tiphia, which, as far as I know, only occurs in tropical

Queensland, and by a considerable number of species of

Anthobosca, a genus now entirely confined to the continents

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 13

166 Mr R. E. Turner on the

of the Southern Hemisphere, but which is apparently iden-

tical with a fossil genus Geotiphia, recently described by

Cockerell from North America ; showing that the genus had

a much more extensive range in the past. 1 look on the

genus as in some respects a link between Scol/a and the

Thynnide, and think it not improbable that it is older than

either of those groups. The genera Afyzine and Plesia are

entirely absent from Australia and the single species of Tiphia

is evidently a Malayan immigrant.

Individuals of some of the species of Scolia are very

numerous and several of the species seem to range over

almost the whole continent. D¢el’s radula and formosa are

the commonest species in Queensland. The paucity of species

is probably due to the absence of natural barriers and to their

suitability for a dry climate ; whilst their powers of flight

are not limited, as in the case of the Mutillide and Thynnide,

by a necessity for an apterous female being carried by the

male.

Key to the Australian Species of Scolia.

A. Fore wing with one recurrent nervure.

a, Three closed discoidal cells ............ Liacos insularis, Sm.

b. Two closed discoidal cells.............. Genus Scolva.

wi Three chnbitaleells sess eae Subgenus Triscolia.

a’, Black, third abdominal segment

spotted with yellow.

a‘. Vertex with a transverse yellow

WRG uc oiate eel bs sete S. frontalis, Sauss. (typical).

b+. Vertex without a yellow band. S. frontalis, st. obscuriceps.

°.. Entirely black. 25.6 2.285 2/3510 « S. frontalis, st. nicoladonit.

B.. Twa, culatalicelise; 2: ¢. sy. gh sabre ee Subgenus Discolia.

a. Sntirely black.< gs sae. Ee ae S. soror, Sm.

6°, Vertex marked with yellow ...... S. verticalis, Fabr.

B. Fore wing with two recurrent nervures .. Genus Caimpsomeris.

a, “Three*cubital cellaeeee eae. hacen te Subgenus Triclis.

a’, Three closed discoidal cells ........ C. ferruginea, Fabr.

&?. Two closed discoidal cells.

a®, Wing dark fusco-yiolaceous.

ae, SHATULTCLY DIREC see assets hes nse 2 oe C. anthracina, Burm.

b*. Third abdominal segment spotted

with yellow.... C. anthracina, var. consanguinea, Sauss.

6%. Wings flavyo-hyaline,abdomen banded

with orange.

a*, Second and third dorsal segments

with large orange lateral spots.. C. giles?.

b+. Second and third dorsal segments

evenly banded with orange.

a’, The orange bands narrow and

HB Wee a tia pisos a nie's oe coe C. zonata, Sm.

6°. The bands very broad, the second

and third segments narrowly

black at the apex.

~ aoe

yt Skee? - ever

mae’

7 2

Australian Species of the Genus Scolia. 167

a*. The whole dise of the meso-

notum punctured

oe eee eee

b°. The disc of the mesonotum

.. C.flavidula, Sm.

with a smooth area.... C. flavidula, st. congener.

&. Two eubital cells

a*, Black, with fascie of white pubescence

at the apex of abdominal segments ..

%*. Abdomen banded with yellow.

a’. First dorsal segment entirely black .

6°. First dorsal segment marked with

yellow,

.. Subgenus Dielis.

C. carinifrons.

C. radula, Fabr.

a‘, Second recurrent nervure com-

plete. Abdominal bands broad

and yellow

4‘. Second recurrent nervure incom-

. C. formosa, Guér.

plete. Abdominal bands nar-

rower and orange

A. Fore wing with one recurrent nervure.

a. Three closed discoidal cells

6. Two closed discoidal cells

@. Three cubital cells ........esse00.

a*. Third dorsal segment spotted wit

. C. subopaca.

. Liacos insularis, Sm.

. Genus Scolia.

. Subgenus Triscolia.

yellow, sides of the pronotum

yellow

RG GO Re Pe eee S. frontalis, Sauss, (typical).

6°. Third dorsal segment spotted with

yellow, pronotum wholly black .

©. Two cubital cells .......0..00. eva

a’, Entirely black.

S. frontalis, st. obscuriceps.

. Subgenus Descolia.

a‘, Second ventral segment tuberculate

at base

. SS. commirta.

6‘. Second ventral segment not tuber-

culate.

a’. Pubescence black

6°. Pubescence cinereous

5°. Vertex marked with orange

B. Fore wing with two recurrent nervures

ee erree ONUIUAL GEIB. oi, cco ge ccewmecvn

a*®, Three closed discoidal cells

6?. Two closed discoidal cells.

a®, Wings dark fusco-violaceous.

a*. Entirely black

b*, Third abdominal segment spotted

nid BM wield Hise pe S. soror, Sm.

aoe wan S. pygmea, Sauss.

are cee S. verticalis, Fabr.

Genus Campsomeris.

Subgenus T'rielis.

C. ferruginea, Fabr.

C. anthracina, Burm.

with yellow .... (C. anthracina, var. consanguinea, Sauss.

4, Wings hyaline or flavo-hyaline. Ab-

domen banded with yellow.

’ at, Thorax immaculate, bands of abdo-

men orange

&, Thorax usually spotted on scutel-

C. zonata, Sm,

lum at least, bands of abdomen

pale yellow.

a’, Median segment marked with

SHUG W is waxed exis) wheiaes «

b°. Median segment entirely black .

Meee wo Cubital Cells. oo ieee pe ctecsecee

a?, Three basal abdominal segments banded

narrowly with yellow.

C. flavidula, Sm.

C. gilest.

2 ate Dielis,

13*

168 Mr. R. E. Turner on the

a’, Scutellum and postscutellum marked

with yellow, ventral seginents 2 and

83 banded with yellow............ C. subopaca.

6°. Thorax and ventral segments entirely

BLS ie katana ta tctah patatntgt averaiet ig C. gracilis, Sauss.

b’. Six basal segments at least banded

with yellow.

a’, Clypeus entirely yellow.

ai, Seventh segment banded with

VEllOW us LEAR. pa eeee sate eae C. radula, Fabry.

bs, Seventh segment black entirely .. C. carinifrons.

b*, Clypeus yellow with a small black

spot in the middle ; seventh segment

Sititely DldGk “c/a, ease ee hts C. formosa, Guér.

Genus Lracos, Guér.

Subgenus Drrracos, Sauss. et Sichel.

Liacos insularis, Sm:

Scolia insularis, Sm. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc., Zool. ili. p. 153

(1858), d.

Hab. Mackay, Q. ; Cairns, Q.

Female specimens from Queensland are a little more

sparsely punctured on the thorax than Ké specimens, but

otherwise do not differ. Males from the two localities show

no difference. The species also ranges into the Solomon

Islands, specimens from that locality having been recorded

by Kirby as Diliacos dubia,Sm. The latter species described

by Smith from Ceram does not appear to differ sufficiently

from insularis, if Kirby’s identification of the female is correct.

Genus Scotia, Fabr.

Subgenus Triscoria, Sauss. et Sich.

1. Scolia frontalis, Sauss.

Scolia frontalis, Sauss. Mém, Soc. phys. et hist. nat. Genéve, xiy. p. 38

(1854), g 9.

Scolia coronata, Sm. Cat. Hym. B. M. iii. p. 112 (1855).

Hab. Adelaide, S.A.; New South Wales; Eastern

Queensland.

The typical form from Eastern Australia has a yellow band

on the vertex of the female and the sides of the pronotum

yellow in the male. But in specimens from Port Darwin

these yellow markings are absent in both sexes, the insects

being entirely black with the exception of the yellow spots

on the third abdominal segment. For this form I propose

the name S, frontalis, st. obseurtceps. The spines of the

Australian Species of the Genus Scolia, 169

hypopygium in the male are rather longer in Port Darwin

Specimens than in the typical forms, but specimens from the

east coast are not quite constant in this respect. S. nicola-

dont, D.'l.,=leviceps, Kirby, must I think stand as another

race distinguished by the abs-nce of all yellow markings.

‘The forms will stand :-—

1. Seolia (Triscolia) frontalis, Sauss., st. frontalis, Sauss.

Eastern Australia.

2. Scolia (Triscolia) frontalis, Sauss., st. obscuriceps,

st. nov. Port Darwin.

3. Scolia (Triscolia) frontalis, Sauss., st. nicoladonii, D.'T.

South-western Australia.

Subgenus Discoxra, Sauss. et Sich.

1. Scolia soror, Sm.

Seolia soror, Sm. Cat. Hym. B. M. iii. p. 96. n. 50 (1854).

Scolia cyanipennis, Lepel. Hist, nat. Insect. Hym. iii. p. 524 (1845)

(nec Fabr.).

Scolia viridipennis, Sm. Cat. Hym, B. M. iii. p. 96. n. 52 (1855),

flab, Eastern Australia, Adelaide to Cairns.

2. Scolia pygmea, Sauss.

Scolia pygmea, Sauss. Ann. Soc. Entom. France, (3) vi. p. 217

(1858), ¢.

Hab, South-western Australia.

‘his may prove to be a geographical race of soror, Sm.,

but the sculpture differs. ‘lhe tubercle at the base of the

second ventral segment of soror does not seem to be a good

distinguishing character, as it is not present in any specimen

I have seen. Probably Saussure contused two species under

soror. In the present species the pubescence 1s cinereous,

not black as in soror.

3. Scolia verticalis, Fabr.

Scolia verticalis, Fabr. Syst. ent. p. 356 (1775).

Scolia tuberculiventris, Sauss. Mém. Soc. phys. et hist. nat. Gendve, xiv.

p. 47 (1854), ¢.

Hab, The whole of the southern and eastern portions of

Australia from Perth to Cooktown; probably also the north

and north-west.

The type is a male and is an unusually large specimen

and has the spines of the hypopygium much longer than is

usual in this species. But comparison of a long series shows

170 Mr. R. E. Turner on the

that this is a very variable character, so I conclude that there

is only one species of Discolia in Australia with a transverse

orange band on the vertex. The tubercle at the base of the

second ventral segment is always well marked in this species.

4. Scolia commiata, sp. n.

? Scolia soror, Sauss. et Sich. Spec. gen. Scolia, p. 126 (1864) (nec

Smith),

g@. Clypeus convex, sparsely punctured, truncate at the

apex. Scape finely punctured ; antenne about.as long as the

thorax and median segment combined, much shorter than in

soror. Hcad sparsely punctured; the front below the

anterior ocellus raised, smooth and opaque immediately below

the ocellus, then closely punctured, longitudinally and very

finely striated letween the antenne, the striated portion

divided by a longitudinal sulcus which extends on to the

punctured portion. Thorax sparsely and not very coarsely

punctured, the mesonotum smooth in the middle and to the

posterior margin; the median segment more closely and

coarsely punctured at the apex. Abdomen closely punctured,

more sparsely in the middle of the segments than on the sides ;

the first segment very broad, not constricted or depressed at

the apex, the second ventral segment with a tubercle in the

middle at the base.

Shining black, with black pubescence. Wings very dark

fuscous, with strong blue and purple gloss.

Length 18 mm.

Hub. Port Darwin (J.J. Walker).

Easily distinguished from soror by the short antenne and

the tubercle on the second ventral segment.

Genus CAMPSOMERIS, Lepel.

Subgenus TRrexis, Sauss. et Sich.

1. Campsomeris anthracina, Burm.

Scolia anthracina, Burm. Abh. naturf. Ges. Halle, i. pt. 4, p. 16

(1853), g Q.

Elis ( Trielis) consanguinea, Sauss, Mém. Soc. phys. et hist. nat. Genéve,

xiv. p. 50 (1854), d.

Scolia bimaculata, Sm. Cat. Hym. B. M. iii. p. 115 (1855), g.

1 cannot see that consanguinea is more than an aberration

in which there is an orange spot on each side of the third

dorsal segment. This is the usual form of the male: speci-

mens which are wholly black seem to be rare; but the female

is very rarely marked with the orange spots. All the males

Australian Species of the Genus Scolia. 171

I have seen without the orange spots are from South-west

Australia and have the first abdominal segment broader than

in Eastern specimens; but I can find no difference in the

female. Should the difference between the males prove to be

entirely local, consanguinea might stand as a subspecies.

Hab. Eastern Australia, Adelaide to ‘loowoomba ; Swan

River, W.A.

2. Campsomeris flavidula, Sm.

Scolia flavidula, Sm. Cat. Hym. B. M. iii. p. 115 (1855), Q.

Elis (Trielis) liturata, Sauss, et Sichel, Spec. gen. Seolia, p. 148

(1864), 2 : - -

Elis (Trielis) australensis, Sauss. et Sichel, Spec. gen. Scolia, p. 144

(1864), ¢.

Hab. South Australia.

st. congener, nom, nov.

Elis ( Trielis) flavidula, Sauss, et Sich. Spec. gen. Scolia, p. 143 (1864),

Q@ (nec Smith).

This is distinguishable from the typical form by a smooth

shining area on the disc of the mesonotum, and the colour of

the wings, which in some specimens are flushed with purple

at the apex. I have only seen one male and cannot be sure

whether Saussure’s description of australensis applies to the

typical form or the present.

Hab. South-west Australia.

3. Campsomeris zonata, Sm.

Scolia zonata, 8m. Cat. Hym. B. M. iii. p. 116 (1855), ¢ 9.

Hab. Sydney, N.S.W. (Froggatt); Woodford, N.S.W.

(G@. A. Waterhouse) ; Kuranda, Q. (Turner).

The orange bands on the dorsal abdominal segments are at

the base in both sexes. In a female specimen from Kuranda

tle band on the third segment is almost obsolete, though well

developed in other specimens from the same locality.

4. Campsomeris gilesi, sp. n.

@. Clypeus very coarsely longitudinally rugose; the

apical margin depressed and smooth, very broadly rounded,

most transverse. Scape smooth above, sparsely punctured

beneath. Head shining, sparsely punctured, a large smooth

area behind the ocelli, the posterior margin more closely

punctured ; the sides of the clypeus, front above the base of

the antenna, and the posterior margin of the head clothed

172 Mr. R. E. Turner on the

with long fulvous pubescence. Thorax and median segment

coarsely punctured and clothed with fulvous pubescence, the

pubescence beneath grey ; a large, smooth, shining area on

the disc of the mesonotum narrowly continued to the posterior

margin; the middle of the seutellum broadly smooth; the

median segment shorter than the postseutellum and bluntly

produced on the middle of the apical margin. Abdomen

very sparsely punctured, the sides of the segments thinly

clothed with long grey hairs ; segments 2-5 with an apical

fringe of long golden hairs, shorter and paler on the ventral

surface. Apical segment longitudinally rugose, with a few

very short, stiff, golden hairs.

Black ; the second, third, and fourth dorsal segments with

a yellow apical band; a large orange-yellow spot on each side

of the second and third dorsal segments, sometimes joining in

the middle; the spines of the tarsi ferruginous, the pubescence

on the legs grey. Wings flavo-hyaline, flushed with purple

at the apex of the fore wings ; nervures ferruginous.

Length 29-35 mm.

g. Clypeus almost transverse at the apex, very slightly

rounded. Antenne very stout, the eight apical joints strongly

arcuate beneath ; head and thorax punctured, a small smooth

area on the disc of the mesonotum, the pubescence long,

close and grey, light fulvous on the mesonotum ; the median

segment shorter than the postscutellum, with an obscure

longitudinal carina. Abdomen shallowly and not very closely

punctured, the punctures large; the fourth segment finely

and closely punctured at the base, the apex of the seventh

segment smooth.

Black; the clypeus, a minute spot on the postscutellum,

a broad transverse band emarginate anteriorly in the middle

close to the apex of the second and third dorsal abdominal

segments, a transverse band broadest in the middle on the

fourth and fifth segments, a narrow transverse band inter-

rupted in the middle on ventral segments 2-5, and a spot

on each side of the second and third ventral segments dull

yellow; tegulz testaceous brown. Wings flavo-hyaline;

nervures ferruginous. Some specimens have a yellow band

on the first segment. The first abdominal segment is broad.

The third cubital cell is strongly narrowed on the cubital

nervure, more strongly in the male than in the female.

Length 24 mm.

Hab. Perth, W.A. (1/7. M. Giles), 8 2, 3 8; Sydney,

N.S.W. (Froggatt), 192.

This species seems to have been confused with australensis,

Sauss., which I take to be the male of flavidula, Sm., and not

Australian Species of the Genus Scolia. 175

of this species, the markings given in the description of

australensis agreeing better with the smaller species. The

markings on the ad of the present species vary considerably,

some slate having the anterior margin of the pronotam

narrowly yellow. A specimen from Kelmscott, W.A., has a

small a ae spot on the scutellum and the anterior and

intermediate femora and the anterior tibia beneath marked

with yellow, but in the other specimens I have seen the legs

are entirely black. ‘The female from Sydney has the tibie

and tarsi dark ferruginous.

5. Campsomeris ferruginea, Fabr.

Scolia ferruginea, Fabr. Syst. ent. p. 355 (1775), 9.

Scolia fulva, Gray, Griffith Anim. Kingd. xv. p. 516 (1852), dQ.

Hab, Cooktown, Cairns, Q. ; Port Darwin.

This is not a true T'rielis, there being an extra discoidal

cell as in Liacos, but there are two recurrent nervures; the

difference in neuration between this species and other

Australian 7rie/’s consisting in the presence of a transverse

nervure connecting the two recurrent nervures aud thus

forming an extra cell.

Subgenus Dreuis, Sauss. et Sichel.

1. Campsomeris radula, Fabr.

Tiphia radula, Fabr. Syst. ent. p. 354. n. 5 (1775), 9

Scolia septemeincta, Fabr. Syst. ent. p. 356. n. 10 (1775), ¢&.

Elis (Inelis) sabulosa, Sauss, Ann, Lut. Soc. Franc. p. 235 (1858), 9.

Scolia (Dielis) intrudens, Sm. Trans, Ent. Soc. London, p, 241

(1868), 2.

Hab. North Queensland, Mackay to Cooktown (Turner) ;

Strelley River, N.W. Australia (Giles); Champion Bay,

W.A. (Du Boulay) ; Port Darwin (J. J. Walker).

‘Lhe male has no black spot on the clypeus and has all

seven dorsal abdominal segments banded with yellow. On

the ventral surface the yellow band at the apex of the third

segment is produced upwards in the middle so as nearly to

reach the base of the segment, but this latter mark is not

quite constant. There is a similar mark on the second ventral

segment, both in this species and in formosa, Guér., but the

latter species never has the mark on the third segment so

much developed as is usual in radula; formosa always has a

small black spot in the middle of the clypeus and the seventh

segment is not marked with yellow.

174 Mr. R. E. Turner on the

2. Campsomeris formosa, Guér.

Scolia formosa, Guér. Voy. ‘Coquille,’ Zool. ii. p. 252, 1830 (1839), 2.

Elis tasmaniensis, Sauss. Mém. Soc. phys. et hist. nat. Genéve, xiv.

p. 61 (1854), 9.

Elis (Dielis) formosa, Sauss. et Sich. Spec. gen. Scolia, p. 209 (1864),

od.

Hab, Australia.

Apparently spread over the whole continent. Female

specimens from North Queensland have the wings feebly

suffused with fuscous and the black marks on the abdomen

more extensive than in specimens from Southern and Western

Australia. The male is very like that of radula, but differs

as noticed under that species.

3. Campsomeris carinifrons, sp. 0.

2. Clypeus almost smooth, with two parallel longitudinal

caring close together on the apical half, the apical margin

depressed. Head smooth and shining, with a few scattered

punctures on the vertex and a longitudinal frontal sulcus

which does not reach the anterior ocellus; the front round

the base of the antenne and the sides of the clypeus densely

clothed with very long white pubescence. Pronotum, post-

scutellum,and median segment closely and coarsely punctured ;

the mesonotum and scutellum more sparsely punctured, the

middle of the mesonotum and the apex of the scutellum

smooth; the anterior margin of the pronotum, the pleura, and

the median segment rather thinly clothed with white pubes-

cence. Abdomen shining, the segments sparsely punctured

at the base and apex, smooth in the middle and at the

extreme apex; dorsal segments 1-4 and ventral segments

2-5 with a close fringe of white pubescence. Apical’dorsal

segment rugose with short black sete, with an acute spine on

each side near the apex. ‘The radial cell does not project

much beyond the second cubital cell.

Black ; the mandibles and the apex of the clypeus fusco-

ferruginous. Wings flavo-hyaline at the base, fusco-hyaline

with a blue flush at the apex, darkest beyond the radial cell,

nervures ferruginous brown.

Length 13-17 mm.

3. Very similar to the same sex in C. radula and

C. formosa, but the clypeus is entirely yellow as in radula,

without the small black spot which distinguishes formosa ;

the seventh dorsal segment is not marked with yellow as in

radula, and the yellow markings on the ventral surface are

similar to those of formosa.

Length 10-13 mm.

Australian Species of the Genus Scolia. 175

Hab, Queensland, Mackay to Cape York ; Port Darwin ;

Central Australia. 7 92,4 2.

Very near C. de meijerei, Cam., from New Guinea, but is

rather differently punctured, and the nervures in Cameron’s

species are black. They will probably prove to be geo-

graphical races of the same species.

4. Campsomeris subopaca, sp. n.

?. Clypeus punctured at the sides, smooth in the middle,

apes, very broadly rounded at the apex. Head rather

closely punctured, the area round the ocelli almost smooth,

the punctured spaces covered with short, coarse, fulvous

pubescence. Thorax closely punctured, more sparsely on the

middle of the mesonotum and scutellum, clothed with fulvous

pubescence, closely on the pronotum and sides of the meso-

notum, more sparsely elsewhere ; the surface of the posterior

truncation of the median segment smooth. Abdomen opaque

above, shining beneath, with a few scattered punctures ;

segments 2-5 with an apical fringe of fulvous hairs, paler

beneath than above, the apical segment rugose with fulvous

sete.

Black; mandibles and femora fusco-ferruginous ; _ tibie

and tarsi ferruginons ; dorsal segments 1-4 with a transverse

apical band of orange, broad on tle three basal segments,

narrow on the fourth ; ventral segments 2-3 with a narrow,

short, transverse yellow band on each side on the apical

margin. Wings flavo-hyaline, slightly clouded with fuscous

beyond the apex of the radial cell; nervures ferruginous.

The second recurrent nervure is incomplete and does not

reach the cubital nervure.

Length 27 mm.

d. The form and sculpture are very similar to formosa g,

but the scutellum and postscutellum are more closely punc-

tured. As in the female, the second recurrent nervure is

incomplete, not reaching the cubital nervure.

Black ; the abdomen strongly glossed with blue; clypeus

(except a triangular black spot on the middle), the outer

margins of the eyes narrowly, the inner margins as high as

the emargination of the eye, the pronotum, the base of the

tegulw, a short line above the tegulw, a large spot on each

side of the scutellum, a transverse band on the postscutellum,

a rather narrow transverse band at the apex of dorsal seg-

ments 1-3 (often interrupted on the third segment, and on

the second and third ventral segments), the femora beneath,

the anterior tibiz above and the anterior tarsi yellow. Wings

176 Sir G. H. Kenrick on new Species of

fusco-hyaline, darkest on the costa, nervures black. Pubes-

cence pale fulvous above, greyish beneath, black on the sides

of the abdomen, close on the median segment, sparse else-

where.

Length 17-22 mm.

Hab. Cairns, Q. 80,235

Allied to C. iris, Lep., and still more closely to Scolia

culta, Sm., from New Guinea. In the latter species, how-

ever, the second recurrent nervure is entirely absent. This

species shows the artificial nature of the division by neuration

in Scolia and its near allies, the most nearer related species

being placed in a different genus.

5. Campsomeris gracilis, Sauss.

Elis gracilis, Sauss. Mém. Soc. phys. et hist. nat. Genéve, xiv. p. 62

(1854), ¢.

I have not seen this species.

X VIII.—-Descriptions of some new Species of the Genus Delias

from North New Guinea, recently collected by Mr. C. E.

Pratt. By Sir Grorce H. Kenrick, F.Z.8. &e.

[Plates VI. & VII.*]

Delias fuliginosus, sp.n. (Pl. VI. figs. 1 & 1a.)

3. Head, palpi, legs, and antenne black ; thorax and

palpi with long grey Lairs; abdomen above black, below

pale, the whole powdered with yellow scales.

Upperside of both wings black, with the exception of the

fold of the hind wings, which is very pale yellow; the whole

powdered with sulphur-yellow scales, through which the

nervures stand out dark ; fringes of fore wings black, with a

few yellow scales; fringes of hind wings sulphur-yellow.

Underside: fore wings dark grey, with a tew white scales,

an irregular band of yellow spots triangularly placed on costa

beyond cell and reaching over two-thirds of the hind margin.

Hind wings black ; a small basal yellow costal spot, trom

which extends a narrow white streak about halfway along

tlle costa, where it develops into an irregular white band

* [We are indebted to Sir George H. Kenrick for the copies of the

coloured plates illustrating this and the following paper.—EDs. |

: Inn ca. Vag ‘ Vat. Hlist d. 0. Vol [V Pl V//

Delias from North New Guinea, 177

across the wing, with points along each nervure. In this

band are five yellow spots; between this and the body are

two yellow spots, one in the cell and one between this and

the costa, also a streak of yellow along nervure 1a and six

marginal subtriangular yellow spots.

Expanse 50 mm.

The female differs in having white apical spots on the

upperside of fore wings, an indication of a dark spot at end

of cell, and a darker border. In the hind wings, as also in

the fore, there is a trace of a broad paler (inclined to yellowish)

transverse band beyond the cells, which is quite marked

in one specimen.

fab. Momi, 4000 feet, November and December.

Delias pratti, sp. n. (Pl. VI. fig. 2.)

d. Head, palpi, legs, and antenne black, with black hairs ;

thorax dark, with bluish-white hairs, which extend to base of

abdomen and the base of hind wings; abdomen mostly white.

Upperside: fore wings sooty, with faint bronze reflections.

Hind wings: the upper half as fore wings, the portion

below the cell dead white, and a few white scales on the

border. Fringes of both wings black.

Underside: fore wings sooty, with a few white scales on

inner margin and a band of irregular yellow spots across the

apex.

Paind wings black; a narrow white costal band, below

which is a semielliptical yellow patch ; nearly the whole of

the disk up almost to the hind margin is occupied by a

bronze circular patch, in the midst of which is an irregular

transverse black spot just beyond the cell; there are a few

white scales at the angle.

Expanse 58 mm.

Hab, Warmasin, 6000 feet, November and December.

Delias heront, sp.n. (Pl. VI. fig. 3.)

¢. Differs from pratti in the fore wings being broader and

shorter ; the upperside is black, without bronze reflections ;

four-fifths of the cell and three-quarters of the inner margin

is white; in the hind wings the whole is white, with a

black patch at the apex, tapering rapidly into a narrow black

border.

Underside: the white occupies half the fore wings, and

there is a distinct black patch at the end of the cell.

The hind wing has no white costal streak, a smaller yellow

178 Sir G. H. Kenrick on new Species of

costal patch at the base, and the black spot double, of quite a

different shape, and horizontal, and the whole colour blacker ;

the large duller bronzy patch is different in shape.

Expanse 50 mm.

Hab. Momi, 4000 feet, November and December.

Delias bakeri, sp.n. (PI. VI. fig. 4.)

6. Head, legs, palpi, and antenne black ; thorax black,

but the hairs on the underside are distinctly brown, those on

the upperside being of the usual bluish white. Abdomen

grey above, white beneath.

Upperside: fore wings white, with a narrow black costal

border and a large black apical patch tapering to the angle,

the white area bounded by a convex line.

Hind wings white, with a narrow indefinite black border.

Fringes of both wings black.

Underside: fore wings white as above, with black apical

patch coinciding with upperside ; in the middle of this is a

band of quadrate tapering yellow spots, six in all; these run

into a fine subterminal white line.

Hind wings black; the basal patch does not reach the

body and is pear-shaped, yellow, with white on the upper

edge; beyond this is a large pear-shaped white blotch

covering most of the cell, and with a longitudinal yellow

stripe through it. Beyond this edging the black border is a

vermilion narrow band starting from the costa and sweeping

round the white patch, but not touching it. It terminates

near the angle and is followed by a white band, broken up

by the black nervures ; the fold is powdered with white and

yellow scales.

Expanse 54 mm.

Hab. Warmasin, 6000 feet, November and December.

The female is slightly larger (58 mm.), has broader borders

of black on both wings, with the white less distinct, and

three faint white dots near the apex of the fore wings.

This insect is near to lias.

Delias kummert ligata, Roths.

I have a female differing on the upperside in the heavier

black border of the fore wings and a distinct border on the

hind wings, the upper half of which has a sharp-cut internal

margin, whilst below the lower part of the cell and radial

area is suffused with lemon-yellow.

Expanse 34 mm.

Delias from North New Guinea, 179

Delias dixeyi, sp.n. (PI. VI. fig. 5.)

&. Head, palpi, legs, and antenne black ; hairs on thorax,

legs, and palpi yellow ; hairs on upperside of thorax bluish

white ; abdomen white,

Upperside: fore wings white, with narrow black costal

border and black apical patch extending broadly to the angle.

Hind wings similar, the black margin wide at first, but

narrowing down to angle; fringes black.

Underside: fore wings black, the white patch does not

quite coincide with the upperside ; near the apex are three

yellow quadrate spots and one dot.

Hind wings black ; the basal patch, which is lenticular and

does not reach the body, is dark red ; there is a narrow white

exterior band beginning halfway along the costa and termi-

nating abruptly halfway towards the angle below vein 4;

inside this is a narrow red band reaching nearly to the angle ;

there is a large subtriangular central patch of very pale

yellowish.

Expanse 52 mm.

Hab. Warmasin, 6000 feet, November and December.

This seems near to kummeri.

Delias bothwelli, sp. n. (Pl. VI. fig. 6.)

3. Head, palpi, legs, and antennz black ; hairs on under-

side of thorax golden, on upperside bluish white.

Upperside: tore wings black, with rounded white patch

extending only to end ot cell.

Hind wings similar, but the white covers most of tle wing,

leaving a broad margin on the outside.

Underside : fore wings, the white patch reaches the end of

cell, which is marked by a strong dash, and there is also a

longitudinal streak of black within the cell; the boundary of

tle white patch is not so well defined as on the upperside ;

the apical patch is crossed by an irregular tapering yellow

band, which might be described as composed of four spots.

The hind wing is best deseribed as pale straw-yellow, the

restricted base and the fold rich golden yellow. It is followed

by a black streak along the costa, then comes a lenticular

whitish mark, and then a distinct black band from the body

to the middle of the costa; after a short interruption this 1s

continued as a narrow marginal black border as far as the

angle; from the angle and at right angles to the inner margin

starts a broadish black band, edged externally with scarlet,

but this does not reach the costa.

180 Sir G. H. Kenrick on new Species of

This insect, described from a single example, seems to be

intermediate between cruentata and kummeri.

Expanse 46 mm.

Hab, Warmasin, 6000 feet, November and December.

Delias caroli, sp.n. (Pl. VIL. fig. 1.)

3. Head, legs, palpi, and antennz black ; thorax black,

with black hairs beneath and bluish-white hairs above; abdo-

men mostly white, with bluish-white hairs at base and at base

of hind wings.

Upperside: fore wings white, with narrow black costal

border and large apical patch bounded by end of cell and

continuing obliquely to angle.

Hind wings white, with undefined black border tapering

from costa to angle ; fringes black.

Underside: fore wings black, with narrow white band

along the inner margin, and four apical white spots fading

into a narrow white subterminal line.

Hind wings black, with lenticular scarlet basal patch

ending in a white dot on costa; a single minute red spot at

end of cell near to nervure 5; a narrow scarlet subterminal

band from costa to angle, split up by the black nervures, each

surrounded by a few white scales; a patch of white scattered

scales between the angle and the base.

The female is similar, but the white is slightly suffused

with yellow, and the upperside of the abdomen is yellow,

while the black margin of the hind wing is wider.

Near to bornemanni, but differs in the position and form

of the red band on the hiad wings.

Expanse 58 mm.

Hab. Warmasin, 6000 feet, November and December.

Delias rothschildi, sp.n. (Pl. VII. figs. 2 & 6.)

3. Very close to microsticta; the male differs in the

white of the upperside being yellower, the black border of

the hind wings much wider.

On the underside of the hind wings tle conspicuous red

basal patch is replaced by yellow, the orange spots on the

margin are not present, and the three oblique yellow streaks

and the yellow spot at the angle are also absent.

Expanse 52 mm.

Hab. Momi, 4000 feet, November and December.

The female of the above corresponds with a form of female

of microsticta sent home by Mr. Meek, but I believe

undescribed, differing from this very much as the male differs.

Delias from North New Guinea. 181

Upperside: fore wings white, with heavy apical black

atch,

f Hind wings white, with heavy black border.

Underside: fore wings white, suffused with yellow, which

extends beyond the cell to a sharply defined transverse angu-

lated boundary of the black apical patch; in this are six

yellow spots of different size ; there isa costal black band and

a transverse black mark at end of cell.

Hind wings black; a minute yellow basal patch; an

irregular transverse tapering band reaching nervuare 2 white

with yellow marks.

Five small yellow spots are arranged as a subterminal line.

The black ground-colour has bronzy reflections.

This may be a variety of microsticta, but it is very constant.

Delias castaneus, sp.n. (Pl. VII. fig. 3.)

3. Head, palpi, antenne, legs, and thorax black, with

black hairs below and a few scattered bluish scales; hairs on

upperside grey ; abdomen white, with bluish-white hairs which

extend to the base of hind wings.

Upperside: fore wings white, with narrow black costal

border and large black apical patch, the boundary ill-defined.

Hind wings white, with narrow black ill-defined border

extending over one-third of margin.

Underside: fore wings black, with white inner margin

and the principal nervures white ; an oblique yellow patch at

apex, constricted below the middle.

Hind wings jet-black, the basal patch scarlet and extending

along one-third of the costa, a above with yellow; the

greater part of the disk is occupied with a sulphur-yellow

circular patch, in the midst of which is a large bright

chestnut patch, through which run the yellow nervules ;

outside the end of the cell is an irregular black patch

surrounded by a thin yellow line.

Female very similar, but, as usual, with the black border

deeper than the male, especially in the hind wings ; the white

slightly suffused with yellow. Fringes of both wings black.

bx nse 60 mm.

Hab. Warmasin, 6000 feet, November and December.

Delias jordani, sp.n. (PI. VII. fig. 7.)

dé. Head, palpi, antenne, and legs black, with grey scales

and black hairs; thorax black, with bluish-white hairs above

and brown and bluish hairs below.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 14

182 On new Species of Delias from North New Guinea,

Upperside : fore wings white, with black costal border and

large apical black patch, the division between fairly but not

sharply defined.

Hind wings very similar, the marginal black border not

well defined. Fringes of fore wings black, of hind wings

black and white.

Underside: fore wings black, a large white patch extends

from inner margin to near the end of the cell, the remainder

of which is filled with dark grey; below the cell the patch

extends beyond the cell, but not quite so far as the angle; a

band of five transverse spots occurs before the apex, the one

on the costa is yellow, the others are white.

Hind wings black, the fold powdered with orange scales.

Basal patch very small, Indian yellow; a narrow white

costal band expands into an irregular transverse band,

reaching nervure 2, but constricted and nearly divided in the

middle; along the nervures this white band extends in a

series of sharp points.

Beyond this is a band of six irregular yellow spots, the

four lower ones being connected to the costa by narrow white

lines. There is an interrupted white marginal line, and the

fringes of the hind wings are mostly white.

Across the disk are three ill-defined yellow spots.

Expanse 57 mm.

Hab. Momi, 4000 feet, November and December.

I have not been able to discover any deviation from the

neuration common to all members of this genus, nor is the

amount of variation considerable among the species sent

home. It will be noticed that the greater number come

from the higher locality and that for the most part the insects

do not occur in both localities ; but this would require further

confirmation from the collector.

The localities are in the Arfak Mountains, in the north-

east of Dutch New Guinea, not far from the Equator.

M. L. M. d’Albertis visited the neighbourhood about 1872,

but does not appear to have collected many butterflies.

All the types are in my collection.

The measurements are taken by measuring the costa from

the thorax to the apex and doubling it.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES,

PLATE VI,

Figs. 1, 1a. Delias fuliginosus, 3 & @.

Fig. 2. Delias pratti, 3.

On new Rhopalocera from North New Guinea. 183

Fig. 3. Delias heroni, 3.

Fig. 4. —— bakeri, 3.

Fig. 5, —— dixeyi, g.

Fig. 6. —— bothwelli, 3.

Pruate VIL

Fig. 1. Delias caroli, 3.

rothachildi, 3.

Fig. 3. —— castaneus, 3.

Fig. 4. Candalides arfaki, 3.

Fig. 5. Hypochrysops wendisi, 2.

Fig. 6. Delias rothschildi, 9.

Fig. 7. —— jordan, 3.

XIX.—Descriptions of Three new Species of Rhopalocera

from North New Guinea. By G. 'T. Betaune-BakeEr,

F.L.S., F.Z.S.

[Plate VIL. figs. 4 & 5.)

Morphotenaris kenricki, sp. n.

9. Upperside: both wings pure snow-white. Primaries

with the cell up to the costa deep sooty black, the whole of

the interspace to the termen between veins 2 and 3 extending

up well towards vein 4 and down to the inner margin well

before the tornus bright chestnut; the black does not extend

beyond the cell.

Underside as the upperside, but, in addition, there is a

postmedian row of small black ocellated a ages with white

pupils sometimes only just traceable and pale straw-coloured

Bites, the latter absent on the primaries. Primaries with

three or four of these spots above the tawny chestnut patch in

a straight line. Secondaries with five spots curved parallel

with the termen, that between veins 6 and 7 the largest;

both these rows show through the upperside distinctly,

Expanse 138 mm.

Hab. Arfak Mountains, 4000 feet, November and De-

cember.

Type in Coll. G. H. Kenrick.

Tits species is near schoenbergi, and may possibly be a

local form ; but it is so distinct as to necessitate a name, and

when the male is discovered it may prove to be a good species,

14*

184 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

Candalides arfaki, sp.n. (Pl. VIL. fig. 4.)

3. Both wings pure white, slightly greyish at the base.

Primaries with the apex very broadly intense black, ex-

tending two-thirds to the cell, nearly halfway down the costa,

and right down the termen almost into the tornus; fringes

black : secondaries greyish along the abdominal fold, with

the underside markings showing through; fringes white,

finely interrupted at the veins, black at the tornus, wita

white extremities.

Underside: both wings white, with greyish-brown markings.

Primaries with base greyish to over half the cell; costa

greyish brown; a brown line closing the cell; a very broad

curved, brown, transverse band from about vein 10 to vein 2

or just beyond, tapering somewhat on each side; the precise

width and area of this band differ slightly in the series before

me; beyond this the ground is irrorated with whitish fine

scales, broadly at the apex, tapering finely along the termen

to vein 2; termen finely brown, intersected at the veins;

fringes brown. Secondaries restricted chocolate-grey at the

base, with a small brown basal spot below vein 8 (some-

times absent) ; a very irregular broad subbasal band of

brown, widest on the abdominal margin, where it is almost

confluent with the postmedian band, which extends along the

margin to meet it ; cell closed by a brown line; postmedian

band composed of confluent quadrangular spots, the third

projected much outwards, fourth inwards, fifth and sixth

inwards again, generally ending in the angle of vein 2;

seventh outwards, eighth a broad dash all along the abdo-

minal margin; a row of subterminal internervular spots;

termen finely brown ; fringes white, intersected at the veins.

Expanse 34 mm.

Hab. Warmasin, 6000 feet; Momi, 4000 feet; Arfak

Mountains ; in November and December.

Type in Coll. G. H. Kenrick.

This species is a near ally of my C. meek, from Owgarra,

British New Guinea.

Hypochrysops wendisi, sp.n. (Pl. VIL. fig. 5.)

?. Both wings orange-yellow. Primaries with apical

area black to the cell and extending along the costa base-

wards well below the termination of the cell ; termen broadly

black, extending somewhat along the inner margin; the

Rhopalocera from North New Guinea. 185

yellow area is thus terminated outwardly in a deep curve:

secondaries with a broad blackish stripe below the costa

terminating just short of the apex ; a trace of a black sub-

terminal spot on veins 1a, 2, and 3.

Underside: both wings paler than above, especially the

primaries, the blackish areas showing through as deep rusty

red. Primaries with a fine silver line along the upper

margin of the cell, below which is a rusty dash; one or two

short, faint, silver, transverse dashes in the cell; three small

silver spots in a triangle beyond the cell; a subterminal row

of fine internervular silver dashes from the apex to vein 2;

the black of the upperside does not show through at all

below this vein. Secondaries: base of costa rusty red; a

broad deep rusty-red stripe below the costa right into the

apex; on its upper margin are two creamy-white spots

above the cell, the outer one the larger of the two; beyond

these is a pale bluish-silvery small spot, followed just above

the apex by a whitish spot; cell filled in with deep rusty

red, intercepted near the base with a white mark, and further

out with a white inverted V-shaped mark, followed outside

the cell by another similar white mark; below the angle of

vein 2 is a bright red quadrangular mark, edged finely with

bluish silver, and beyond this with creamy white; nearer

the base than this is another double red spot on the inner

margin, edged with silver and black ; the posterior series of

spots is resolved into a confluent red band, edged laterally

with creamy white, very deeply angulated outwards between

veins 3 and 4; the spot between veins 2 and 3 reaches

nearly to the angle of the latter and has a central cream spot ;

along vein la is ared dash extending outwards and pe ae

finely with black and silver, followed by a broad spot to

vein 1 edged with black and silver; termen broadly pale

reddish, more marked at the tornus, with a double internal

fine edging of black and creamy white, and having a central

line of bluish silver, interrupted at the veins; termination of

veins la, 2, and 3 black.

Expanse 48 mm.

Hab. Wendisi, Geelvink Bay.

Type in Coll. G. H. Kenrick.

On the upperside this species has some resemblance to

H, chrysargyra, Grose-Smith, but the underside is totally

dissimilar.

i86 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new

XX. — Descriptions of new Freshwater Fishes discovered

by Mr. G. L. Bates in South Cameroon. By G. A.

Bou.enGeER, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Mormyrops batesianus.

Depth of body 6 times in total length, length of head

5 times. Head 14 times as long as deep, with curved upper

profile ; snout rounded, projecting a little beyond the mouth ;

width of mouth a little greater than length of snout;

teeth truncate, 16 in upper jaw, 18 in lower ; eye in anterior

third of head, its diameter 24 times in length of snout or

interorbital width. Dorsal 30, # length of anal, originating

nearly twice as far from end of snout as from base of caudal.

Anal 45, originating a little in advance of dorsal (8th ray

corresponding to first dorsal). Pectoral } length of head.

Caudal rather small, densely scaled, with rounded lobes.

Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep, half length of head.

102 scales in lateral line, = in transverse series on body, 25

in transverse series between dorsal and anal, 18 round caudal

peduncle. Uniform dark brown above, a little lighter

beneath.

Total length 280 mm.

Closely allied to AZ. masuianus, Blgr.

A single specimen from Assobam, Bumba River. The

Bumba River unites with the Ja at Molundu, where the two

form the Ngoko, which name is given to the river between

Molundu and the Sanga, an affluent of the Congo. Examples

of five further Mormyrids were obtained by Mr. Bates at Asso-

bam :—Petrocephalus simus, Sauv., Marcusenius kingsleye,

Gthr., Myomyrus macredon, Blgr., Gnathonemus petersit,

Gthr., and the following new Mormyrus.

Mormyrus bumbanus.

Depth of body 44 times in total length, length of head

43 times. Head 1} times as long as deep, with strongly

curved upper profile ; snout short, 2 postorbital part of head ;

teeth small, very feebly notched, 5 in upper jaw, 8 in lower ;

eye modeiate, $ length of snout, 2 interorbital width. Dorsal

62, originating above base of ventral, 3 times as far from

end of snout as from base of caudal, 23 times as long as anal.

Anal 25, originating a little nearer head than base of caudal.

Pectoral obtusely pointed, 2 length of head. Caudal with

reshwater Fishes from South Cameroon. 187

acutely pointed lobes, as long as head, greater part covered

with scales. Caudal peduncle 3 times as long as deep,

# length of head. 93 scales in lateral line, in transverse

series on body, 32 in transverse series between dorsal and

anal, 16 round caudal peduncle. Brown above, silvery

white beneath.

Total length 225 mm.

Intermediate between M. macrophthalmus, Gthr., and

M. ovis, Blgr.

A single specimen from the Bumba River at Assobam.

CHAMPSOBORUS, gen. nov. Characinidarum.

Snout elongate, pointed; mouth large; upper jaw movable

upwards ; maxillary very small, not hidden ites the pre-

orbital when the mouth is closed; both jaws with a single

series of bicuspid teeth, the laterals compressed, the anterior

more conical and canine-like. Greater part of cheek covered

by the suborbitals; nostrils near the eye, close together,

separated by a valvular flap; gill-membranes narrowly

united to isthmus. Body elongate, compressed. Scales

small, strongly ciliated; lateral line straight, along the

middle of the side; a small scaly process at base of ventral.

Dorsal with 18 rays, above the ventrals; anal with 14 rays;

adipose dorsal fin small.

llied to Mesoborus, Pellegrin, but with a single series of

teeth in both jaws.

Champsoborus pellegrini.

Depth of body 44 to 5 times in total length, length of head

3 times. Head 3 to 3} times as long as broad, feebly rugose

above; snout about 1} times as long as eye, as long as post-

ocular part of head; mouth not extending quite to below

anterior border of eye; 25 or 26 teeth on each side of upper

jaw, 22-24 in lower ; the two teeth at the symphysis of the

upper jaw the longest ; naked part of cheek about half width

of suborbital, Gill-rakers rudimentary. Dorsal III 16,

originating well in advance of ventrals, equally distant from

eye and from root of caudal, longest ray about half length of

head. Anal III 11. Pectoral about ? length of head.

Caudal nearly entirely covered with small scales, deeply

forked, lobes rounded. Caudal peduncle about 1% times as

long as deep. Scales 90-98 <4, 10-11 between lateral line

and ventral. Yellowish, with rounded brown spots, the

largest of which form a series along the lateral line; three

188 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on a new

blackish streaks across the dorsal; large symmetrical black

markings on the caudal; all these markings very similar to

those of Paraphago rostratus.

Two specimens, 60 mm. long, were found by Mr. Bates in

the Bumba River at Assobam. A larger specimen (110 mm.)

from the Ubanghi, preserved in the Congo Museum at

Tervueren belongs to the same species. I had previously

referred it to Mesoborus crocodilus.

Clarias jaensis.

Depth of body about 6 times in total length, length of

head 33 to 32 times. Head 1? times as long as broad,

smooth or very feebly granulate above; occipital process

obtusely pointed ; frontal fontanelle sole-shaped, 4 length of

head; occipital fontanelle small, in advance of occipital

process ; eye very small, 4 to 43 times in length of snout,

74 to 8 times in interorbital width, which equals width of

mouth and 3 length of head; band of premaxillary teeth

6 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth granular, forming

a crescentic band which is as broad as the preemaxillary band ;

nasal barbel to 2 length of head; maxillary barbel not

quite as long as head, reaching middle of pectoral fin; outer

mandibular barbel 3 to # length of head, inner 4 to 3. 23

gill-rakers on anterior arch. Clavicles hidden under the skin.

Dorsal 85-90, its distance from occipital process 4 length of

head, its distance from caudal 2 diameters of eye. Anal 65-

70, its distance from caudal 14 to 2 diameters of eye.

Pectoral not quite 3 length of head, the spine smooth and 2

the length of the fin. Ventral 14 times as distant from

caudal as from end of snout. Caudal a little less than 4

length of head. Dark brown above, white beneath.

Total length 450 mm.

To be placed between C. platycephalus, Blgr., and

C. carsoni, Blgr.

Two specimens from the Ja River at Bitye.

XXI.—Description of a new Lizard of the Genus Acantho-

dactylus from Syria. By G. A. BouLENGER, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

DurinG a recent collecting-trip to Syria, M. Henry Gadeau

de Kerville brought together a large and interesting series of

of Reptiles, which he has submitted to me for identification,

Lizard from Syria. 189

and of which a selected set has been presented by him to the

British Museum. Among them are examples of a new

Acanthodactylus, which, being the largest of the genus, I

propose to call

Acanthodactylus grandis.

Snout short, either obtuse or rather pointed ; nostril in the

centre of a very pronounced swelling. Form mot limbs

short. Four supraoculars, first and fourth often broken up ;

subocular not reaching the lip, resting on the fourth and fifth

or fifth and sixth upper labials ; temporal scales granular, not

keeled; 4 or 5 conical scales form a denticulation in front of

the ear. Dorsal scales very small, convex, not keeled, hardly

enlarged on the posterior part of the back; 58 to 64 scales

across middle of body. Ventral plates not or but little

broader than long, forming very oblique longitudinal and

angular transverse series, the latter containing 16 or 18

(rarely 14) plates in the middle of the body. Collar free and

strongly toothed. Praanal scales small and subequal.

Hind limb reaching the axil or the shoulder; foot not or

but little longer than head ; fingers and toes short, the former

surrounded with four series of scales and lamelle, the latter

with three; lateral denticulation feeble, the projecting

pointed scales much shorter than the diameter of the corre-

= Sgt 9 ad of the toe. 16 to 24 femoral pores on each

side, pper caudal scales feebly keeled, lower smooth.

Greyish or fawn-colour above, with at least traces of 8

longitudinal series of dark spots on whitish streaks; the

dark spots form transverse bands on the tail; sides of head

with more or less distinct vertical dark bars; lower parts

white, tinged with yellow on the limbs and tail.

mm.

Total length of male ..........0.5. 265

From aniout to vent... ccsssceres 103

B ae a MO MID Sie ieee 40

Length of head (to ear) ..........4. 24

Eg Se eae rt 20

PN doen veda vncdh seeks tnt e's 33

Se Pe heer 53

Ue Buel Pee reset ie evatavate weeds 25

Pn WG UT ab cbGekidwclentudeseduss 162

Several specimens were obtained at Jerud and Atuaibé, east

of Damascus, and near Khan Agach, between Damascus and

Kutaifé.

190 Mr. G. J. Arrow on Coleoptera

XXII.—Systematie Notes on Coleoptera of the Clavicorn

Families. By Gitpert J. ARROW.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE following notes have been made at various times during

several years past and are now published in order that the

synonymy may be included in the forthcoming ‘ Catalogus

Ccleopterorum.’

Silphide.

Silpha superba, Kraatz, 1876, is S. calestis, Dohrn, 1875.

Silpha tetraspilota, Hope, 1835, is S. rufithorax, Wied.,

1823. :

Silpha formosa, Cast. (= chloroptera, Cast.), is not synony-

mous with S. tetraspilota, Hope, as given in the Munich

Catalogue.

Silpha discicollis, Brullé, appears in that Catalogue as a

synonym of S. cayennensis, Sturm, but from the figure and

description that seems hardly possible. S. cayennensis has

a transversely oval pronotum, with a small dark spot in the

centre.

Silpha melanura, Hope, Gray’s ‘ Zoological Miscellany,’

1831, p. 21, is omitted from the Catalogue. It is a very

well-marked species, rather resembling S. punctulata, Oliv.

Silpha ceruleoviridans, Dohrn, 1885, is S. micans, F.

Ptomascopus carbunculus, Lewis, is L. morio, Kraatz,

1877. Mr. Lewis was deceived by his specimens bearing

the locality “ Amazons.” This is certainly incorrect.

Necrodes osculans, Vigors, has a very extended distribution.

The British Museum contains specimens from South India,

Sarawak, Woodlark I., and Queensland.

Necrodes brevicollis, sp. n.

Niger vel piceus, antennis concoloribus, claya vix dilatata; pro-

thorace valde transverso, lateribus arcuatis, basi fere recto,

ownino subtiliter punctato, lateribus opacis; elytris crebre

punctatis, acute costatis, postice attenuatis :

¢, elytrorum angulis apicalibus arcuatis, femore postico incrassato,

subtus acute dentato, tibia postica fortiter arcuata, intus post

medium dentata.

Long. 15-17 mm. ; lat. max. 6-6°5 mm.

of the Clavicorn Families. 191

Hab. N. India.

The British Museum contains several specimens of this

new species from India, one of them collected previous to

1848 by Capt. Boys. Two others are labelled Penang,

which is perhaps incorrect, ‘The insect is very like NV. nigri-

cornis, fee but differs by the toothed hind tibia and

rounded apical angles of the elytra in the male and the

more transverse prothorax, with straight hind margin, in

both sexes.

Necrophorus latefasciatus, Lewis, described from Japan, is

the European NV. tnvestigator, Zett., which occurs also in

Manchuria, Saghalien, Pekin, &c.

Several species of Necrophorus were described by J. Gistel

in his ‘ Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs,’ published in 1848

for the use of schools (!) and not unnaturally overlooked by

systematists. ‘The descriptions are fragmentary and the

synonymy offers considerable difficulty. The genus Oxelytrum

in that work, with three supposed new species, refers to

Silpha cayennensis, Sturm, and the allied S. analis, Chevr.,

both of earlier date, but the precise attribution of the names

is uncertain.

Nitidulide.

Lordites glabricola, Cand., 1861, is (Nitidula) picta, Macl.

Annulosa Javanica, 1825, p. 40.

The genus Megauchenia of Macleay, described in the

same work, has been overlooked. M. setipennis, Macl., the

type of which, together with the others described in the work,

is in the British Museum, is Jschana elongata, Erichs., Germ.

Zeits. 1843, p. 288. Both generic and specific names are

therefore superseded by Macleay’s,

Axyra setosa, Murr., very cursorily characterised in the

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, xix. p. 170, has not been

included in the Munich Catalogue,and Nitidula picea, Bohem.

referred to the same genus by i urray, has not been catalogued

assuch. A. setosa, Murr., differs from A. elongata, Murr.,

and A. picea, Bohem., by the closer and finer sculpture of its

elytra, its r:ugose prothorax, and less flattened appearance, due

to the absence of the wide lateral margins of thorax and

elytra present in all the other species, A margin is formed

at the posterior part of the elytra, however, by the pinching

in of their central part. The body is 7°5 mm. long in the

unique type.

192 Mr. G. J. Arrow on Coleoptera

In reviewing the genus Platychora, Murray (J. c. p. 175)

mentioned a species “ P. deplanata, Boh., from Natal.” In

the Munich Catalogue this is figured, by a curious mistake, as

Platychora deplanata, Murr., Old Calabar. So far as I know,

it has never been characterised. It is quite differently

sculptured to the other species, the punctures being less evenly

distributed. The prothorax and elytra are shining along

their median part and moderately finely punctured, but the

puncturation becomes much coarser towards the sides, where

there is a clothing of stiff grey hairs, which form rows at the

sides of the elytra. The head is finely and closely punctured

and the pygidium is rugosely punctured and setose. There

are broad margins to the prothorax and elytra. Length

7mm.

Temnochilide.

Two different insects have been united under the name of

Gymnochila squamosa, Gray. That described and figured by

Gray is an Australian Leperina, since described as L. decorata,

Erichs., and the type of Hope’s genus Lepidopteryx, which

antedates by four years the name Leperina. The species

described by Murray under the same name in the Ann. &

Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, xix. p. 335, is the common African

Gymnochila varia, F.

Lophocateres nanus, Olliff, is not distinguishable from the

widely-distributed ZL. pusillus, Klug.

Cucujide.

Mr. Blackburn has been misled in declaring Jpsaphes

merosus, Pascoe, a synonym of Platisus obscurus, Krichs.

As to the advisability of merging the two genera I am

inclined to agree with him, in spite of a considerable difference

in the form of the head; but the two species are so different

that it is obvious Mr. Blackburn does noét know Pascoe’s

insect, which is not only entirely different in colour but

double the size and quite differently proportioned. I am

surprised, however, that Mr. Blackburn has rejected Ipsaphes

bicolor, Olliff (which he seems to have rightly identified),

from the genus. The tarsi of this (the types of both species

of Jpsaphes are in the British Museum) are quite different

from those of Cucujus, all but the last joint being very short

and of equal length. O)liff’s species differs little from

Pascoe’s, except in the differently coloured and relatively

shorter abdomen and elytra.

Lamophleus breviceps, Sharp, is L. retttert, Grouy.

of the Clavicorn Families. 193

Telephanus gracilis, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Am., Col, ii. pt. 1,

1899, p. 553, is antedated by 7. gracilis, Schauf., Nunq.

Otiosus, 1890, iii. p. 600. It may be called 7’. sharp/.

The genus //ymea, described by Pascoe in 1869 as

belonging to the Heteromera, is a curious form allied to

Psammechus. Pascoe was deceived by the heteromerous

tarsi of the male.

Colydiide.

Colobicus conformis and parilis, Pasc., are the same species,

which seems to have been divided by Pascoe mainly on

account of the different habitat of his types, which are from

Lombok and Batchian respectively. The range of the species

is far greater than the describer seems to have thought

possible, and I have gathered together a series from Damma I.,

Ceram, Mysol, Timor, Lombok, Batchian, Borneo, Anda-

man Is., Penang, Assam, Hong Kong, and North Australia.

Xuthia siccana, Pasc., has an exactly similar distribution,

and I am unable to distinguish from it X. maura and X, rufina

of the same author, nor can I recognize the genus Xuthia as

distinct from Bitoma. The African species B. rufipes, Kolbe,

is very closely related to B. siccana,

B. latiusculus, Fairm., is a species of Neotrichus.

A North American insect was described as Nematidium

filiforme by Leconte in March 1863, and the same name

was used by Pascoe for an Amazonian species in April of

the same year. Dr. Sharp’s discovery of the localisation of

the species of the genus in Central America seems to preclude

the possibility of Leconte’s and Pascoe’s being the same,

and it will be well to change the name of the latter to

N. pascoet.

The name Pyenocephalus used by Dr. Kraatz in 1895

for a genus allied to Sosylus was previously used by

Dr. Sharp in 1591, and must be changed. It may be called

Cephalopycnus.

The specimens which Dr. Sharp has described in the Biol.

Centr.-Amer., Col. ii. pt. 1, 1895, p. 488, under the name of

Lithophorus succineus, Pasc., do not belong to the species

actually described by Pascoe, who confused two different forms

under that name. Pascoe quotes as localities Rio and Para,

but, while he labelled as his type a specimen from Rio, his

description does not apply to that, but to the ditferent species

194 Mr. G. J. Arrow on Coleoptera

from Para, from which place he examined and labelled an

example in the British Museum. ‘This, the only one from

that locality, I regard as the real type. Other specimens in

Pascoe’s collection were brought from Ega, while two were

labelled Rio by him, probably in error. In this species the

prothorax has only very slight rudiments of dorsal coste and

the elytra bear widely interrupted, instead of continuous,

carine. In that described by Dr. Sharp from Central America

there are strongly elevated ridges upon the prothorax, which

is rather longer and less wide at the front margin, and the

ridges upon the elytra form continuous coste. I propose to

call this Z. ornatus, the name at first intended for it by

Dr. Sharp. The type is from Paso de San Juan, Mexico.

I cannot distinguish from this the form labelled “ type” by

Pascoe.

Bothrideres musivus and merus, Pasc., both belong, in my

opinion, to B. vittatus, Newm., and B. lobatus, B. versutus,

and B. servus, Pasc., also form a single species. The types

of all these are in the National Collection.

Bothrideres simplex, incidentally mentioned in the Biol.

Centr.-Amer., Col. 11. pt. 1, 1895, p. 489, is not, as Dr. Sharp

supposed, a species described by Pascoe and must therefore be

called B. simplex, Sharp. It is from Rio de Janeiro.

Pycnomerus sophore, Sharp, is the species described long

previously as Lyctus depressiusculus, White *.

The specimens from Panama (with the exception of one

from Tolé), referred to Hthelema sobrina, Sharp, in the descrip-

tion of that form, belong in reality to another species which

I describe here :—

Ethelema gracilis, sp. n.

Nigra, omnino setosa; elytris post medium griseo-fasciatis, postice

fuscis ; prothorace valde convexo, marginibus lateralibus depressis,

vix denticulatis, angulis posticis obsoletis.

Long. 3°5-4 mm.

Hab. Panama: Chiriqui, Bugaba, David, Tolé.

The prothorax is very convex, with the lateral margins

depressed and not distinctly serrated, and the hind angles are

rounded off. The elytra are decorated with a band of grey

scales behind the middle, enclosing a dark spot on each side,

and the part lying behind this band is dark.

* It may be mentioned here that Lyctus retractus, Walker, is a species

of Ptilinus.

of the Clavicorn Families. 195

E. luctuosa, Pase., has almost the same markings, but the

prothorax is flatter and more quadrate.

In E. sobrina, Sharp, the grey scales are more evenly dis-

tributed, forming no definite band. There is no difference

between the species in the nature of the clothing, as supposed

by Dr. Sharp.

Adimerida.,

The genus Adimerus, described by Dr. Sharp in 1894 and

forming this family, is Monedus of Horn, dating from 1882.

Horn discovered only one small joint, instead of two, between

the basal and claw joints of the tarsus. Five species in all

have now been recognized, viz.: MM. guttatus, Lec., lecontei,

Fleut., crispatus, Sharp, setosus, Sharp, and dubius, Sharp.

Byrridz.

Cyphonicus, Sharp, is synonymous with Byrrinus of

Motschulsky.

Erotylida.

The name Episcaphula was introduced by Crotch for a mass

of species which he distinguished in no way from the pre-

viously existing Plagiopisthen, Thomson, to which a part at

least belong, and until a fresh division is made it seems

necessary to regard the two names as synonymous.

Engis annulatus, Macl., is a species of Micrencaustes and

not a synonym of Tenleronkide oculata, Lac., as Crotch

believed. Lacordaire, notwithstanding Mr. Gorham’s remark

to the contrary (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1889, p. 614), expressed

the opposite opinion. ‘lhe specimen figured by the latter

(pl. lxi. fig. 2), although identical in its marking with the

true annulata, Macl., is so extremely different in shape that

it seems impossible that it is really the same. A similar

pattern is shared by a number of Javan Erotylide, of which

the following is yet another.

Episcapha pavo, sp. n.

Nigra, dense punctata, pubescens, singulo elytro flavo bi-annulato,

annula prima ad marginem anticam, intus et postice paulo

dentata, secunda ad apicem fere producta, sed ad margines vix

attingente ; antennis longitudine ad caput et prothoracem con-

junctim equalibus,

Long. 12 mm.; lat. max. 5°5 mm.

Hab. Java.

It is not very slender and the antenne are only of moderate

196 On Coleoptera of the Clavicorn Families.

length. The black spot at the base and apex of each elytron

is almost exactly round, but the enclosing yellow rings are

minutely produced along the elytral margins and the

anterior one is also toothed towards the suture and the

apex.

The readiest positive means of distinguishing Episcapha

fortunei, Crotch, and £. taishoensis, Lewis, has not been

pointed out. In the former the eyes are rather close and in

the latter they are wide apart. Both species seem to exist

in China and Japan.

Megalodacne chinensis, Crotch, is also very similar, but has

the second joint of the antenna longer and the lateral margins

of the pronotum thicker.

Mycotretus tigrinus, Oliv., is distinct from the Central

American species described and figured under that name by

Mr. Gorham, in Biol. Centr.-Amer., Coleopt. vil. 1887, p. 48.

The latter may be called M. centralis. Besides the differences

noted by Mr. Gorham, it is a rather more massive species and

the metasternum, which is well punctured in M. tigrinus, is

very smooth.

The Mexican form recorded as Mycotretus sobrinus, Guér.,

by Mr. Gorham in the same work must similarly be dis-

tinguished from that Brazilian species. It is much smaller,

relatively shorter, the knees blacker, and the abdominal lines

more marked. It may be called MW. distinguendus.

Amblyopus rubens, Hope (Gemm. & Har.), is a species of

Neotriplax very near N. lewis, Crotch, but larger and with

longer antenne.

Amblyopus prepositus, Walk. (Gemm. & Har.), is

A. cinctipennts, Lacord., and not A. vittatus, Oliv.

Triplax brount, Pasc., belongs to the genus Cryptodacne

and is exceedingly near C. synthetica, Sharp, from which it

seems to differ in its smooth elytra.

Aulacochilus subrotunda, Macl., appears to be the same as

A, 4-pustulatus, F., as Lacordaire believed, but Macleay’s

two specimens are of a peculiarly narrow form.

Prepopharus spilotus, Gorh., is a species of Morphoides.

Hoplaspis of Motschulsky, according to a specimen from

Bakewell’s collection which I believe to be a cotype, is a

Tenebrionid of the genus Arrhenoplita. ‘There can be no

doubt, I think, that Motschulsky was mistaken in regarding

all the tarsi as five-jointed.

On new Mammals from N. Australia, 197

XXIIIL.— Two new Mammals from N. Australia,

By OLpDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

A FURTHER small collection of Mammals from Kimberley,

N. Australia, has been received fiom Mr. J. P. Rogers, and

among these there is a /Hydromys which appears to be new,

and an example of the true Peradorcas concinna which shows

such characters as to compel me to distinguish the specimens

from Arnhem Land in the British Museum which had pre-

viously borne that name.

LTydromys chrysogaster caurinus, subsp. n.

General characters of the Queensland HZ. c. regine, Thos.

& Dollm., but the colour much clearer grey, without yellowish

or fulvous suffusion.

General colour above blackish grey, the light element in

the colour dull white, not fulvous. Under surface dull

creamy white, not sharply defined laterally. Top of. muzzle

blackish. Inner side of forearms creamy ; hands with the

digits dull creamy white, a dark brown patch on the wrist

and centre of metacarpals; hind legs and feet dark brown

throughout. Tail black for its basal three-fifths, its terminal

five inches white.

Skull as usual.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 284 mm; tail 272; hind foot 61 ; ear 20.

Skull: condylo-basal length 59; greatest breadth 30;

palatilar length 27°3; diastema 16°5 ; palatal foramina 6:2;

upper molar series 8°8.

Hab, Parry’s Creek, near Wyndham, E. Kimberley,

N.W. Australia.

Type. Adult female. Original number 34. Collected 29

October, 1908, by J. P. Rogers.

This water-rat is of a much clearer and less yellowish

grey than any other Hydromys. It has the light underside

characteristic of the Eastern forms and is probably most

nearly allied to the North Queensland H. c. regine, but is

paler throughout.

The length of the white tail-tip of the type is unusual, but

Dr. Collett records * that a specimen from the Mary River,

N. Australia, presumably of the same race, has only about

an inch of the tail white, so that this character would seem

to be variable.

* P. Z.9. 1897, p. 323.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 15

198 On new Mammals from N. Australia.

Peradorcas concinna canescens, subsp. n.

Essential characters as in true concinna, but instead of the

ground-colour being rich rusty, scarcely modified by the

longer greyish-white hairs, it is a dull rufous, heavily over-

Jaid, in fact practically hidden, by the broad greyish sub-

terminal bands and blackish tips of the longer hairs. The

general colour is therefore a grizzled Bettongia-like tone,

quite unlike that of true concinna. Crown greyish brown.

Arms and legs greyish, with scarcely a tinge of buffy.

Behind the shoulder a dark patch, succeeded by a lighter

one, and a light hip-mark; all more prominent than in

concinna, though even in that animal there is an indication

of these markings, which are usual in the Petrogale group.

Skull rather smaller than in the available examples of

concinna, but whether this is due to age is not at present

clear.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body (c.) 400 mm.; tail 525 ; hind foot 101;

ear 41.

Skull: basal length 64 ; greatest breadth 42°5.

Hab. Arnhem Land, N. Territory. Type from Nellie

Creek. Other specimens from Mary R. (Dahl).

Type. Adult male. B.M. no.4.1.3.58. Original number

1164. Collected 13 February, 1903, by J. T. Tunney.

Presented by the Hon. W. Rothschild.

The Arnhem-Land specimens of Peradorcas have been

referred by Dr. Collett * and myself 7 to P. concinna, of

which the type specimen, collected on the ‘‘ N.W. Coast of

Australia” by Lieut. Emery, is in the British Museum.

‘This type is in a very faded condition, and it is only now,

on the receipt of a fresh example from near Wyndham,

Kimberley, collected by Mr. J. P. Rogers, that I am able to

verify that the colour of concinna is really ferruginous, as

stated by Gould and Waterhouse, and that the much greyer

Arnhem-Land animal is a different form.

It may be noted that this fresh specimen of concinna,

although very old, with the incisors worn down, is still

continuing to produce additional molars at the back of its

tooth-row, a characteristic pointed out when I founded the

genus Peradorcas.

* P. Z, S, 1897, p. 325.

t Noy. Zool. xi. p. 226 (1904).

On new Species of Aotus. 199

XXIV.—Six new Species of Aotus.

By Guy Dotan, B.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

WHILE working out the collection of Douroucoulis contained

in the British Museum I have found six forms that appear

to belong to hitherto undescribed species, of which I now

give descriptions.

Avtus roberti, sp. n.

Related to Actus azare, Humb., but much yellower in

colour and with a larger skull.

Size and general proportions similar to A. azare, Hair

rather harsh and long, measuring about 40 mm. in length on

the back. General colour of upper surface of body, limbs,

hands, and feet greyish buff (near putty-colour no. 4, ‘ Reper-

toire de Couleurs’) ; sides of body rather greyer than back.

Black markings on head similar in arrangement to those of

A. azare, but the lateral stripes are rather indistinct and

tend to spread out posteriorly. Under surface of body butft-

coloured (yellowish buff no. 3, ‘ Repertoire de Couleurs’).

Undersides of limbs very similar in colour to belly, but rather

greyer. Upper surface of tail a rich tan-colour at base,

distal half blackish. Underside of tail similar to upper

surface, only the basal region is darker in colour, approaching

chestnut.

Skull rather larger than that of A. azare, especially the

orbital region; nasals and palate broader.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 330 mm.; tail 350; hind foot 90; ear 26.

Skull: greatest length 64 ; basilar length 44°7; zygomatic

breadth 40°5; greatest breadth across orbital region 43°6 ;

condylo-basilar length 48; palatilar length 17; length of

upper tooth-row, from front of first premolar to back of last

molar, L5.

Hab. Serra da Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil. Altitude

2700 feet.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 3.7.7. 14. Collected

28th September, 1902, by Alphonse Robert. Presented by

Mrs. Percy Sladen.

Though closely allied to A. azarae, the dissimilarity of the

skulls of the two forms, together with the differences in

colour, necessitate this Brazilian species being considered

quite distinct from the more southern form.

15*

200 Mr. G. Dollman on

Aotus nigriceps, sp. n.

Allied to Aotus beliviensis, Elliot, but having the head-

stripes much broader and continued back further on the

crown ; skuil with much smaller orbits.

Size as in A. boliviens’s. General colour of back greyish

olive, rather darker in the mid-line, where the grey is suffused

with a buff-coloured tint. Flanks and upper sides of limbs

dull grey. Backs of hands and feet dark brownish black.

Lateral head-stripes black, rather broad and extending back

on to the posterior part of the crown. Median stripe diamond-

shaped, extending back almost as far as the lateral stripes,

but not uniting with them. Light marks above eyes white,

speckled with black. Under surface of body and limbs

yellowish (ochre-colour no. 1, ‘ Repertoire de Couleurs’).

Tail very similar to that of A. 'holiviensis, but rather darker

towards the tip.

Skull much narrower across orbital region than that: of

A, boliviensis.

Dimensions of the type (esse in skin) :—

Head and body 380 mm. ; tail 387; hind foot 88.

Skull: greatest length 63° ‘A; basilar ‘length 41 ; ; zygomatic

breadth 89; greatest breadth across orbital region 44;

condylo-basilar length 47; palatilar length 18; length of

upper tooth-row, from front of first premolar to back of last

molar, 15.

Hab. Chanchamayo, Peru. Altitude 3000 feet.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 5. 11. 2.2. Collected in

February 1904 by C. O. Schunke.

Ten otherspecimens from Chanchamayo have been examined,

and they all agree with the type in the arrangement of the

black head-stripes and the possession of small orbits, characters

that justify this Peruvian form being considered distinct

from the Bolivian species.

Aotus senex, sp. n.

Similar to Aotus boliviensis, Elliot, as regards the head-

stripes, but with a pure black tip to the tail and a very much

smaller and narrower skull.

Hair of medium length, measuring about 30 mm. long on

the back. General colour of back greyish buff, darker down

the middle (brown-pink no. I, ‘ Repertoire de Couleurs’),

becoming paler and greyer on the flanks and upper side of

limbs. Individual hairs of back black at base ; terminal half

of hairs composed of four alternate rings of buff and black.

Head-stripes black and very narrow; lateral stripes on head

new Species of Aotus. 201

not extending back beyond the forehead. Median stripe very

narrow at anterior end, spreading out into a diamond-shaped

mark on the forehead. None of the stripes united at their

posterior terminations. Light marks above eyes very broad

and white. Under surface of body yellowish (mars-yellow

no. 1, ‘ Repertoire de Couleurs’). Underside of limbs similar

in colour to belly, becoming greyish towards the extremities,

especially the hind limbs. Basal portion of tail reddish (tan-

colour no. 1, ‘Repertoire de Couleurs’), becoming black

towards the middle, from which point to the tip the tail is

completely black.

Skull much narrower across the orbits than that of A. bo-

liviensis.

Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :—

Ilead and body 380 mm.; tail 390; hind foot 86.

Skull: greatest length 65; basilar length 40; zygomatic

breadth 866; greatest breadth across orbital region 41-4 ;

condylo-basilar length 45:4 ; palatilar length 17 ; length of

upper tooth-row, from front of first premolar to back of last

molar, 15.

Hab. Pozuzo, Peru. Altitude 2400 feet.

Type. Subadult female. B.M. no. 8. 6. 17.6. Collected

by L. Egg in March 1905. A second specimen trom the

same locality is quite similar to the type.

This species is sharply marked off from A. boliviensis by

its much narrower skull, and trom A. nigriceps by the black

head-stripes being wholly confined to the forehead, not

spreading on to the crown of the head.

Aotus gularis, sp. n.

Allied to Aotus trivirgatus, Humb., but having the black

head-stripes continued back on to the neck in the form of a

well-marked V.

Size and general characteristics as in A. trivirgatus. Hair

of medium length, measuring about 23 mm. long on back.

General colour of back buffy brown (snuff-brown no. 1,

* Repertoire de Couleurs’), speckled with black and silvery

white, paling to greyish buff on the flanks and upper sides of

limbs. Backs of hands and feet dark brownish black,

sprinkled with buff. Stripes on head blackish brown, broad

and well-detined. Lateral stripes continued back on to the

neck, where they meet one another, forming a V-shaped mark

on the crown and neck. Median stripe rather broad on the

forehead, becoming narrower on the crown, where it extends

back to meet the two lateral stripes at their common point of

202 Mr. G. Dollman on

union. Light marks above eyes buff-coloured, turning to @

vich brownish buff on the top of the head. Under surface of

body pale buff (yellowish buff no. 1, ‘Repertoire de Couleurs’) ;

throat and chin dirty grey. Under sides of limbs greyish

buff. Basal portion of tail reddish (brownish terra-cotta

no. 1, ‘ Repertoire de Couleurs’), washed over with black,

gradually becoming blacker towards the tip, where it is

almost wholly black.

Skull similar in size to that of A. trivirgaius; teeth a

little larger, especially the last molar.

Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :—

Head and body 360 mm.; tail 310; hind foot 72.

Skull: greatest length 634; basilar length 40°5; zygomatic

breadth 40; greatest breadth across orbital region 42°5;

condylo-basilar length 45; palatilar length 16; length of

upper tooth-row, from front of first premolar to back of last

molar, 15.

Hab. Mouth of the Rio Coca, Upper Rio Napo, Ecuador.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 0. 6. 3.1. Collected in

June, 1899, and presented by Mr. W. Goodtellow. In

addition to the type, the Museum possesses another specimen

referable to this new form, also from the Upper Rio Napo.

‘The well-defined V-shaped marking on the head, extending

back on to the neck, and the grey-coloured throat constitute

sufficient grounds tor considering these two specimens to

represent a distinct species.

Aotus lanius, sp. n.

A mountain form allied to Aotus trivirgatus, Humb., but

readily distinguished by its long thick coat and the broad

indistinct head-stripes.

Hair of back very long, measuring about 60 mm. in length.

General colour of back and upper surfaces of limbs reddish

brown (burnt umber no. 1, ‘ Repertoire de Couleurs’),

speckled with buff, rather greyer on flanks. Individual

hairs of back brownish-slate colour at base, this colour

extending for about half the entire length, followed by two

buffy-brown rings, with a black one between them, the hairs

terminating in a leng black tip. Backs of hands and feet

brownish black, speckled with buff. Head-stripes brownish

rather indistinct, and not extending back beyond the forehead.

Median stripe broad, spreading out on the forehead into a

fan-shaped mark. Light marks above eyes buffy. Under

surface of body pinkish buff (apricot no. 1, ‘ Repertoire de

Couleurs’), getting paler on the flanks, Throat and chin

tN ai os

new Species of Aotus, 203

greyish buff. Basal half of tail similar in colour to back,

istal portion brownish black and rather bushy.

Skull with large heavy teeth,

Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :—

Head and body 365 mm.; tail 350; hind foot 82.

Skull (occipital region broken): basilar length 40:8;

zygomatic breadth 38°8; greatest breadth across orbital

region 41°6; condylo-basilar length 46; palatilar length 17°5 ;

length of upper tooth-row, from front of first premolar to

back of last molar, 16.

Hab, Mountains of Tolima, Colombia. Altitude 6000 feet.

Ty,e. Adult female. B.M. no. 90. 2. 22. 4. Collected

and presented by Mr. R. B. White. In addition to the type,

the Museum received three other specimens of this species trom

Mr. White, all from the ‘lolima Mountains.

These long-haired Douroucoulis undoubtedly represent a

mountain form, which, though resembling A. érivirgatus in

some respects, is easily differentiated by its long hair and

broad indistinct head-stripes.

Aotus microdon, sp. n.

A small-toothed form, allied to the foregoing species.

Hair of back soft and rather long, measuring about 88 mm,

in length. General colour of back brownish orange (between

tan-colour no. 2 and bistre no. 3, ‘ Repertoire de Couleurs’),

paling to a brownish yellow (snuff-colour no. 2, ‘ Repertoire

de Couleurs’) on the flanks and upper surfaces of limbs.

Individual hairs of back slaty brown at base, paling to a

greyish ring in the middle, the colour then changing to buff

and orange (tan-colour no. 2, ‘ Repertoire de Couleurs’), the

hairs terminating in a black tip. Backs of hands and feet

reddish brown. Head-stripes brownish, rather indistinct and

continued back on to the hinder part of the head, though

not meeting one another posteriorly. Light marks above

eyes yellowish white, becoming richer in colour on the crown,

where they gradually pass into the brownish-orange colour

of the neck. Under surface of body, throat, and limbs butty

(yellowish buff no. 3, ‘ Repertoire de Couleurs’). Tail at

base reddish (tan-colour no. 2, ‘ Repertoire de Couleurs’),

distal portion black.

Skull resembles that of A. lanius, only the teeth are

smaller.

Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :—

Head and body 394 mm.; tail broken ; hind foot 80.

Skull: greatest length 61°5 ; basilar length 39; zygomatic

204 On a new Species of Presbytis.

breadth 39:5; greatest breadth across orbital region 41;

condylo-basilar length 44; palatilar length 16; length of

upper tooth-row, from front of first premolar to back of

last molar, 14.

Hab. Macas, Ecuador.

Type. Adult. B.M. no. 72. 4. 30. 4.

The small teeth, brown hands and feet, and the arrange-

ment of the head-stripes indicate that this southern form,

though closely related to A. lanius, must be looked upon as

a distinct species.

XXV.—A new Species of Presbytis, allied to P. rubicundus.

By Guy DoLiMan, B.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Preshytis ignitus, sp. n.

Size and general proportions similar to Presbyt/s rubi-

cundus, Miill., but much lighter in colour, and having the

frontal region of the skull dome-shaped.

Upper surface of body and limbs a uniform reddish colour

(‘dull brick-red no. 4,” Repertoire de Couleurs), the long

hair on the neck slightly paler. Backs of hands and feet

very similar in colour to body, not black as in P. rubi-

cundus. Underside of body and limbs rather lighter than

upper surface (“dull brick-red no. 2,” Repertoire de

Couleurs). Tail, throughout its entire length, similar in

colour to back.

Skull with a high dome-shaped forehead, presenting a

marked contrast to the flat skull of P. rubicundus, where the

forehead hardly rises above the level of the supraorbital

es Cranium rather shorter; nasals broader and much

atter.

Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :—

Head and body 600 mm.; tail 750; hind foot 160.

Skull: greatest length 94; zygomatic breadth 72;

greatest breadth across oibital region 62; basilar length 59 ;

condylo-basilar length 67; palatilar length 27; width of

palate, behind second premolar, 20; length of upper tooth-

row from front of first premolar to back of last molar 23°5.

Hab. Mount Mulu, Baram, Sarawak, North Borneo.

Altitude 1000 feet.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 94. 6.2.31. Collected

On new South- American Arctiane. . 205

October 1893, and presented by Dr. Charles Hose. In addi-

tion to the type, the Museum possesses seven other specimens

referable to this new species, all from Sarawak,

This North Bornean form differs so greatly from P. rubi-

cundus, both as regards colour and skull-characters, that it

must be considered specifically distinct from the Southern

species.

oe _

XXVI.— Descriptions of new South-American Arctiane.

By the Hon. WALTER RoruscuiLp, Ph.D.

In ‘ Novitates Zoologice,’ vol. xvi. (1909), I described some

118 new species of Arctiane, and the present paper is a

continuation of the same work, The bulk of the species

were collected by S. M. Klages and the late G. R. Ockenden.

1, Ammalo helops (Cram.).

In vol. iii. of the ‘Catalogue of Lepidoptera Phalan’

Sir George Hampson has united under Ammalo helops(Cram.)

the following :—A. helops (Cram.), A. fervidus, Walk., A.

megapyrrha, Walk., A. chrysogaster, Walk., and A. im-

punctus, Grote, to which he atterwards added trwillaria,

Dogn. ‘The latter is quite a distinct species. It now remains

for me to discuss the five names treated as synonyms by

Sir George. ‘The figure of Cramer clearly shows an insect

which has on the fore wing a large red patch in the cell and

four or five other patches of red beyond it. The types of

chrysogaster and megapyrrha are both without any such

marks, thus agreeing with Grote’s tmpunctus, A. fervidus

is a similar insect, but of an orange-rufous colour all over

except the usual yellow and black banded abdomen. Thus

we find two distinct types, one with red patches on the disk

and one without ; but it appears to be a fact that by far the

larger number of specimens from Mexico and Central America

have no patches, therefore | have come to the conclusion that

these onght to be regarded as a separate subspecies under the

name of A, helops megapyrrha, W\k.

2. Ammalo klagesi, sp. n.

¢. Palpi, pectus, head, thorax, and basal and terminal

segments of abdomen brick-red ; rest of abdomen sooty

black, Antenne, tibie, and tarsi fuscous. Wings dull

206 Hon. Walter Rothschild on

fuscous brown, with a purple sheen in some lights ; base of

both pairs of wings brick-red.

Length of fore wing 3£ mm.

Hab. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazon, August 1906 (S. M.

Klages).

3. Ochrodota similis, sp. n.

?. Differs from pronopites, Druce, in the tegule being

brown like the patagia, the frons dirty yellowish brown, not

white, the basal pale area of fore wing being brown, with

twelve whitish spots, not whitish irrorated with brown lines

and spots, and in having two large white spots in cell and on

costa beyond the pale basal area. ‘he apical patch of

whitish yellow irrorated with brown is absent, and is replaced

by acostal and subcostal white spot one-fourth from apex

and three small white subapical spots. On the hind wing a

broad, ill-defined, fuscous band extends trom apex to anal

angle beyond the cell.

3. Ditters from female in the light spots being much

smaller and hind wings darker.

Length of fore wing, 9 16, g 11-13 mm.

Hab. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazon, July 1906, and Codajos,

Upper Amazon, April 1907 (S. Md. Klages). 13 6 ¢,

Pe oie

4. Ochrodota tessellata, sp. n.

6. Lead and thorax pale buff ; palpi and vertex of head

buffy white; tibize and tarsi of first two pairs of legs buffy

white, banded with slate-grey ; hind pair of legs buffy white ;

tegule with central pale rufous dot and patagia with broad

rufous central stripe. Basal third of fore wing pale buff,

a number of rufous rings; this basal area is bordered by a

broad rufous-chestnut transverse band ; remaining two-thirds

ot tore wing greyish lavender, irrorated with brownish marks ;

near the apex is a buff patch, bordered with chestnut and

streaked with rufous. Hind wing buff, margined with

fuscous. Abdomen buffish; a central line and last three

segments and antenne fuscous.

?. Similar to male, but irrorations on fore wing whitish

and more distinct.

Length of fore wing, g 12, ? 16 mm.

Hab. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazon, July 1906 and 1907

(S. MW. Klages); Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, 3100 feet (dry

season), June 1904 (G. R. Ockenden). 5 68,2 9 9.

new South-American Arctiane. 207

5. Ochrodota brunnescens, sp. 0.

3. Palpi and frons fuscous brown; vertex and tegul«

buff, with rufous spots ; patagia fuscous, with rufous border ;

thorax fuscous ; abdomen fuscous, except first two segments,

which are whitish ; antenna whitish fuscous. Basal third of

fore wing buff, with ill-defined rufous rings and spots ; rest

of fore wing brown, irrorated with dark chestnut ; near apex

is a buff patch marked with rufous. Hind wing buffy

greyish white, washed with fuscous towards margin.

9. Larger than male; basal and subapical buff areas

almost obliterated by the coalescing of the rufous markings ;

thorax, abdomen, and hind wings fuscous brown.

Length of fore wing, g 12, 9 16mm.

Hab. Aroewarwa Creek, Maroewym Valley, Surinam,

April 1905, and Fonte Boa, Upper Amazon, June 1907

(S. M. Klages). 11 g g,1

6. Ochrodota atra, sp. n.

§. Palpi and head deep brown; tegule, patagia, and

thorax brown-black, with small indistinct orange marks ;

abdomen brown-black ; antennae dark fuscous. Fore wings

brown-black, costa more brown ; basal fourth and a subapical

patch orange-buff, blotched with rufous brown. Hind wings

brown-black.

Length of fore wing 12 mm.

Hab, La Oroya, Rio Inambari, 8.E. Peru, 3100 feet,

March 1905 (wet season) (G. 2. Ockenden). 2 3 2.

7. Ochrodota affinis, sp. n.

?. Similar to pronapides and similis. Wings and body

uniform sooty fuscous ; pale basal and subapical areas of

allied two species only indicated by a white dot near base of

cell and some buffish subapical spots.

3. Smaller, and pale dots and spots larger.

Length of fore wing, 2? 16, ¢ 11 mm.

Hab. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazon, June, August, and

September 1906 (S. M. Klages) ; aa Upper Amazon,

April 1907 (S. M. Klages). 3 33,6

8. Tessellarctia distincta, sp. n.

3. Palpi, antenna, tegule, and head pale fuscous grey ;

patagia and thorax dull whitish buff. Fore wing rufescent

208 Hon. Walter Rothschild on

buffy clay-colour, above inner margin a dark brown longitu-

dinal semioval patch, bordered with buffy white, outer three-

fourths of inner margin broadly buffy white ; a buffy-white

submarginal line along outer margin; a subapical dark

brown patch joined to an oblique irregular band, almost

connecting this to the patch above inner margin ; this band

is bordered on each side by a broken white line. Hind wing

dull orange-fuscous, with sooty irregular bands and blotches.

Abdomen brown.

Length of fore wing 14 mm.

Hab. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazon, September 1906 (S. MZ,

Klages) 536.

9. Pachydota rosenbergi, sp. n.

¢. Similar to albiceps, Walk., but differs in the head

being whity buff, the discal and transverse darker band of

fore wing being double, not treble, the discal hyaline area

on hind wing being less extended than in continental speci-

mens of albiceps, and in the abdomen being black, with a row

of yellow spots on each side.

Length of fore wing 23 mm.

Hab. Paramba, W. Ecuador, 3500 feet (W. Rosenberg).

1 ree

10. Carathis klagesi, sp. n.

Palpi dark brown; pectus orange-buff; first two pairs of

legs orange-buff, banded with brown; head and thorax pale

butf, tegule and patagia narrowly edged with brown; thorax

with central chocolate line; abdomen pale buff, darker

towards apex. Fore wing whitish yellow, covered with a

network of chocolate lines from the costa across apical

two-fifths of cell to outer angle ; a broad band of chocolate-

brown, joined obliquely from its centre to the costa by another

narrower and irregular band. Hind wing hyaline buff, with

some indistinct brownish patches near the margin.

Length of fore wing 16 mm.

Hab. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazon, May 1906 (8S. JZ,

Klages). 8 3S.

11. Carathis australis, sp. n.

3. Head and antenne fuscous; collar and tegule buff;

patagia chocolate-brown, outer third buff, with brown streaks.

Fore wing buff, with network of chocolate, three-fourths of

the wing covered with a large wedge-shaped chocolate patch,

natrowest on inner margin; two butf patches running from

new South- American Arctiane. 209

costa into cell in this chocolate area, Hind wing greyish

hyaline brown.

Length of fore wing 22 mm.

Hab. St. Catharina, Brazil.

12. Baritius sannionis, sp. n.

é. Palpi crimson, bordered with brown outside ; head and

tegulee golden yellow, with a central black dot in latter ;

patagia and thorax brown, variegated with crimson and

yellow ; antenne brown; abdomen crimson, last segment

golden. Fore wing rufous brown, slightly irrorated with

yellow ; base yellow, with two crimson dots, then a trans-

verse band of crimson spots bordered with yellow; discal and

postdiscal areas with three or four irregular bands of crimson

spots bordered with yellow ; a row of minute crimson dots in

a black marginal line. Hind wing hyaline rose with golden

wash.

Length of fore wing 10-13 mm.

Hab. La Oroya, R. Inambari, S.E. Peru, Oct. 1904 (wet

season) (G. 2. Ockenden) ; Fonte Boa, Upper Amazon, June

1906 (S. MW. Kiages). 3 Oo.

13. Baritius flavescens, sp. n.

3. Pale yellow ; antennz yellow, with a dark patch two-

fifths from the point ; head and thorax yellow; abdomen pale

brownish orange. Fore wing buffy yellow, irrorated with

brown ; an antemedial, transverse, brown irregular band,

forked on costa; an oblique postmedian brown band from

costa to above outer angle; a subterminal brown spot above

vein 5. Hind wing golden hyaline buff.

Length of fore wing 14 mm.

Hab. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazon, August 1906 (S, MM.

Klages). 1.

14. Baritius eleutherotdes, sp. n.

g. Similar to eleuthera, Stoll, but wings much narrower

and all brown markings wider, more irregular, and the outlines

less defined. Hind wings entirely salmon-pink.

?. Similar, but larger.

Length of fore wing, ¢ 14, 2 18 mm.

Hab. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazon, August 1906 (S. M.

Klages) ; La Oroya, R. Inambari, 3100 feet, 8S.E. Peru (wet

season), March 1905 (G@. R. Ockenden) ; Aroewarwa Creek,

Maroewym Valley, Surinam, April 1905 (S. Jf. Klages) ;

210 Hon. Walter Rothschild oa

La Union, Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, 2000 feet (wet season),

Nov. 1904 (G. R. Ockenden) ; Manaos to Yutobi River

(M. Stuart), 43 65,5 2.

15. Baritius venata, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax buffy yellow, with pale red spots;

antenne fuscous yellow; abdomen dirty brick-red. Fore

wing buffy yellow, all veins broadly marked out in pale brick-

red; basal half of wing irregularly blotched with fuscous and

dotted with black; a transverse postmedial fuscous line,

dotted with black ; a marginal and submarginal row of

black spots between the veins. Hind wing rosy red.

g. Similar, but much brighter and darker.

Length of fore wing, ? 18, ¢ 19 mm.

Hab. Aroewarwa Creek, Maroewym Valley, Surinam,

March 1905, and Fonte Boa, Upper Amazon, May 1906

(S. M. Klages) 12,266.

16. Baritius schausi, sp. n.

2. Nearest to marmorea, Schaus. Head and thorax yellow,

variegated with reddish brown; abdomen dull crimson, first

and last two segments yellow; antenne yellow. Fore wing

purplish brown, irrorated with yellow ; numerous irregular

transverse bands of dull yellow spots, with pale brick-red

centres ; asubmarginal white line. Hind wing hyaline, pale

opalescent salmon.

Length of fore wing 21 mm.

Hab. Caparo, Trinidad, Dec. 1905 (S. ML. Klages). 336,

17. Pelochyta affinis, sp. n.

g. Nearest to cinerea, Walk., but head, tegule, and

patagia orange. Fore wing with strong violet sheen and

two postmedial dark patches. Base of hind wings salmony

orange. Abdomen salmon-orange, last three segments with

central black dots.

Length of fore wing 25 mm.

Hab. Lita, Ecuador (Flemming). 2 3 o.

18. Elysius pseudodryas, sp. n.

g@. Allied closely to dryas, Cram. Head, thorax, and

antennze deep black-brown ; abdomen yellow above, with two

dorso-lateral lines of black spots; the first five segments

densely clothed with long orange-salmon airs. Fore wings

new South- American Arctiane. 911

deep black- brown, with a very strong blue-purple sheen, and

irrorated with greyish yellow; at apex of cell a group of

yellow-grey dots and spots. Hind wing pale hyaline salmon,

basal third densely clothed with orange-salmon hair; mar-

ginal band of wing fuscous, only slightly wider at apex and

much narrower than in dryas. There is in the British

Museum a female with rose-pink hind wing and first abdo-

minal segments from Rio Grande do Sul; but this has an

extra wide marginal band to the hind wings.

Length of fore wing 25 mm.

Hab, La Oroya, R. Inambari, Carabaya, 3100 feet, Nov.

and Dec. 1905 (wet season) (G. R. Ockenden). 1 @.

19. Elysius ammaloides, sp. n.

3. Palpi, head, and thorax orange-brown mixed with

fuscous ; antenne fuscous brown; abdomen orange-buff, with

indistinct black rings. Fore wing purplish mauve, strongly

irrorated with brown; a pinkish-salmon spot near apex

below vein 10. Hind wing orange-buff, washed with salmon.

Q. Similar.

Length of fore wing, g 26, 2 28 mm.

Hab. R. Huacamayo, Carabaya (dry season), 3100 feet,

June 1904 (G@. R. Ockenden) ; Fonte Boa, Upper Amazon,

May 1906 (S. AL. Klages). 3 6 g,2 2 9.

20. Elysius atrobrunnea, sp. n.

gd. Similar to atrata, Feld., and terra, Druce, but larger

and paler. Head and tegule orange; thorax brown ; an-

tenne brown; abdomen blackish, basal segment orange, a

lateral line of orange and a narrow orange ring on fifth

segment. Fore wing sooty brown. Hind wing pale sooty

grey-brown, hyaline area indistinct.

Length of fore wing 32 mm.

Hab. Merida, Venezuela (Bricefo). 1 3.

21. Elysius magnifica, sp. n.

¢. Nearest to cingulata, Walk., but much larger. Palpi,

head, and thorax blackish crimson; antenne brown; first

two segments of abdomen rosy carmine, the second ene with

a blackish narrow band ; anal segment chestnut, washed with

carmine; remaining segments above black, with golden-

ellow rings; below, pectus crimson, abdomen chestnut;

cs fuscous brown. Fore wing deep rufous chocolate,

covered with a network of orange-brown hair-lines; base

212 Hon. Walter Rotlischild on

carmine, with a golden and a brown spot; beyond base is a

patch of orange irrorated with red, in the cell and on the

disk are several indistinct ill-defined patches paler than the

ground-colour of the wing, being of a dull orange-brown.

Hind wing rosy carmine.

Length of fore wing 46 mm.

Hab. Tinguri, Carabaya, 3400 feet, August 1904 (dry

season), and La Oroya, Rio Inambari, 3100 feet, S.E. Peru,

April 1901 and Sept. 1904 (dry season) (G. &. Ockenden).

6 oo.

22. Elysius terranea, sp. n.

g. Pectus, legs, palpi, head, and thorax uniform mummy-

brown; antenne fuscous brown; abdomen mummy-brown,

but paler than thorax, owing to longer hairs being tinged

with yellow. Fore wing bright mummy-brown, irrorated

with buff streaks, a round buff spot at apex of cell. Hind

wing hyaline greyish buff, washed with clay-brown towards

margins; along abdominal margin wing broadly clothed

with yellow hairs.

Length of fore wing 28 mm.

Hab. La Oroya, Rio Inambari, Peru, 3100 feet (dry

season) (G. ft. Ockenden). 1 6.

23. Ischnocampa floccosa, sp. n.

2. Nearest to sordida, Feld. Palpi brownish grey ; head

and antenne pale yellowish grey ; collar dull orange; thorax

yellowish grey, powdered with darker grey ; abdomen sooty

black, last segment greyish buff. Fore wing buffy grey,

densely irrorated with greyish brown at apex of cell; a

strongly angulated brown band from costa to vein 4 ; a black

dot in cell; from apex of cell almost to submarginal area

wing covered with sooty-brown cloud. Hind wing, basal

three-fourths hyaline, outer fourth buffy grey irrorated with

greyish brown.

Length of fore wing 19 mm.

Hab. La Oroya, Rio Inambari, 8.E. Peru, 3100 feet (dry

season), Sept. 1904 (G. R. Ockenden). 1 9.

24. Opharus aurantiacus, sp. n.

¢. Pectus orange; legs orange, spotted with fuscous ;

palpi orange, last joint black; head and thorax orange, with

black dots; antenne brown; abdomen orange-buff, clothed

with orange-salmon hairs. Fore wing orange-yellow, densely

new South-American Arctiane. 213

irrorated with rufous transverse lines, one-fourth from base a

transverse rufous band from costa to inner margin; in cell a

silver dot in chocolate patch. Hind wing Pa al washed

with yellow.

Length of fore wing 34 mm.

Hab. Chanchamayo, January to September 1901 (W.

Hoffmanns). 1 2.

25. Hemihyalea ochracea, sp. n.

?. Palpi, legs, head, and thorax clayish ochraceous buff ;

abdomen salmon-pink, first and last segments clayish buff.

Fore wing clayish ochraceous buff, irrorated with minute

black streaks ; on costa and disk a number of patches and

ill-defined bands of creamy buff. Hind wing pale hyaline

salmon, apex buff. 7

Length of fore wing 32 mm.

Hab, Voleano de Chiriqui, 5000-9000 feet (Watson).

26. Hemihyalea testacea, sp. n.

¢@. Legs testaceous buff, washed with carmine on inner

surface ; antenne rufous; head and thorax testaceous buff;

abdomen deep carmine, sides and tip of last segment pale

buff. Fore wing testaceous buff, slightly hyaline owing to

thin sealing. Hind wing hyaline at abdominal margin,

broadly salmon-carmine.

Length of fore wing 31 mm.

Hab, Jalapa, Mexico. 1 ?.

27. Hemihyalea tristis, sp. n.

@. Frons white; vertex and thorax rufous clay-brown,

the latter with a few whitish hairs ; abdomen dull brownish

rose, tip sooty brown and white. Fore wing dull rufous

brown strongly hyaline, apex of cell with black line, beyond

cell an ill-defined zigzag indistinct orange-brown band.

Hind wing pale hyaline brownish clay-colour.

Length of fore wing 27 mm.

Hab, Agualani, Carabaya, 9000 feet (wet season), March

1905 (@. R. Ockenden). 1 2.

28. Hemihyalea brunnescens, sp. n.

gd. Pectus rufous brown mixed with crimson; palpi

brown, third segment whitish ; first two pairs of legs dull

white, clay-brown inside; frons dull white ; rest of head

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 16

214 Hon, Walter Rothschild on

rufous brown, collar and shoulders white; thorax rufous

brown; abdomen pale crimson; antenne rufous brown.

Fore wing hyaline, costa, inner margin, and outer fifth of

wing rufous brown, the latter bordered on inside by a paler

band. Hind wing hyaline with greyish-brown border. In

one specimen pectus, head, and thorax are rufous grey.

Length of fore wing 25-31 mm.

Hab. Agualani, Carabaya, 9000 feet (dry season), Aug.

1905, and Tinguri, Carabaya, 3400 feet (dry season), Aug.

1904 (G. R. Ockenden); Bogota Town, March. 3 ¢.

29. Hemihyalea fusca, sp. n.

6. Pectus rosy crimson, strongly mixed with brown ; legs

black-brown ; palpi, head, antennze, and thorax dark brown;

abdomen rosy crimson. Fore wing hyaline, costa, outer and

inner margins very dark brown. Hind wing hyaline, with

brownish-white border, along the abdominal margin broadly

clothed with rose hairs.

Length of fore wing 28-33 mm.

Hab. Agualani, Carabaya, 9000 feet, Dec. 1905 (wet

season), and Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, 3100 feet (dry

season), June 1904 (G. R. Ockenden).

30. Amastus hampsont, sp. n.

3. Palpi and head black; collar crimson ; tegule black,

with orange hind margin; patagia black, with orange band ;

thorax and antenne black; abdomen above crimson, last

segment grey-brown, a lateral band of grey spots margined

with black and dotted with orange. Fore wing rufous brown

shaded with various paler shades of brown, an antemedial

lunate sooty black band, followed by a medial broad wedge-

shaped patch of same colour reaching from costa nearly to

vein 1, beyond cell a chain of clayish-brown spots with sooty

margins, between this chain and outer margin a zigzag rufous-

buff line and between the preceding transverse markings

much rufous-buff clouding. Hind wing hyaline clayish

buff.

Length of fore wing 37 mm.

Hab. Paramba, Ecuador, Jan. to May 1897 (W. Rosen-

berg). 12.

31. Amastus pseudocollaris, sp. n.

9. Pectus orange; legs and palpi sooty brown; head

white; collar orange-rufous; tegule white with orange-

new South-American Arctiane. 215

rufous hind margin; patagia white with orange-rufous

central band; abdomen above orange, with a lateral row of

whitish and black streaks, underside of abdomen dirty white,

with two rows of orange spots. Fore wing cinnamon-hazel,

somewhat paler on euch side of veins, disc crossed by three

almost obliterated blackish bands. Hind wings hyaline

brownish buff, passing into hazel towards the margins.

Length of fore wing 35 mm.

Hab. Chiriqni, Panama. 1 @.

32. Amastus steinbachi, sp. n.

3. Legs rufous clay-brown ; pectus maroon-crimson ;

head white ; tegule white anteriorly, maroon-crimson poste-

riorly ; patagia white, with a central black band, with which

is a rufous spot and a white line ; thorax maroon-crimson,

with central white line; abdomen above crimson, last three

segments but one clay-brown with white edges, tip of last

segment scarlet. Fore wing dirty orange-brown, traversed

by a number of indistinct, blackish, greyish and whitish

bands, almost as in macu/icincta, Hmpsn. Hind wing hyaline

buffy grey.

Length of fore wing 28 mm.

Hab. ‘Tucuman, 3580 feet, Jan. and Feb. 1905 (J. Stein-

bach). 283,19.

33. Amastus drucet, sp. n.

d. Legs, head, and antenne rufous mummy-brown ;

collar orange; thorax rufous mummy-brown; abdomen

above orange, below mummy-brown. Fore wing chestnut-

brown, a darker lunate spot at apex of cell, basal three-fifths

washed with cinnamon, a cinnamon zigzag line crossing the

wing beyond this area. Hind wing hyaline whitish brown.

Length of fore wing 25-27 mm.

Hab. Santo Domingo to Limbani, Carabaya, 3000-9000

feet, June 1904 (dry season) (G. R. Ockenden). 3 32.

. 34. Amastus dognini, sp. n.

Pectus brown mixed with rose; head and thorax greyish

brown; antenne brown; abdomen dirty coral-red. Fore

wing mummy-brown ; at apex of cell a large patch darker

brown surrounded with cinnamon, beyond the cell a zigzag

cinnamon transverse narrow band, beyond which the wing is

much covered with cinnamon scales. Hind wing hyaline

grey-buff, darker near abdominal margin, fringe brown.

216 Hon. Walter Rothschild on

Length of fore wing 24 mm.

Hab, Santo Domingo to Limbani, Carabaya, 3000-9000

feet, June 1904 (dry season) (G. R. Ockenden). 1 Gk

35. Amastus rufescens, sp. n.

¢. Head and antennz rufous brown ; vertex and thorax

dull salmon-rose, strongly mixed with deep brown; abdomen

dirty salmon. Fore wing deep chestnut- brown, slightly

powdered with yellowish scales, at apex of cell a blackish

patch, beyond cell an orange-brown transverse wavy narrow

band. Hind wing hyaline buff, margined with brown.

Length of fore wing 27 mm. |

Hab. eae Carabaya, 9000 feet (dry season), July

1905 (G. R. Ockenden); Peru. 336.

A specimen marked “ Peru” has the transverse band almost

absent and the patch at the end of cell replaced by two

black dots.

36. Halisidota nigrescens, sp. n.

@. Antenne rufous ; head and thorax sooty black; abdo-

men sooty brown. Fore wing sooty brownish black; from

outer angle to costa a zigzag transverse buff line. Hind

wing hyaline grey-buff.

Length of fore wing 31 mm.

Hab. Agualani, Carabaya, 9000 feet (wet season), Dec.

1905 HGo &: Ockenden). a 22.

37. Halisidota ockendent, sp. n.

2. Allied to semifulvus, Druce. Head and thorax greyish

cream-colour ; abdomen brownish drab-grey. Fore win

hyaline, irrorated and spotted sparsely with black; costa,

inner margin, and outer one-fifth of wing brownish buff,

mottled with dull brown. Hind wing hyaline greyish buff.

Length of fore wing 28 mm.

Hab. Pee) Carabaya, 9000 feet (wet season), Dec.

1905 (G.R . Ockenden). 1-22

38. Halisidota affinis, sp. n.

g. Very near ingens, H. Edwards. Head brownish sooty

black; antennz orange-rufous ; thorax mixed sooty brown-

black and whitish grey ; abdomen greyish drab-brown.

Fore wing sooty black crossed by five irregular bands of

white patches, fringe of outer margin chequered black and

new South-American Arctiane. 217

white. Hind wing hyaline whitish, more grey towards

abdominal margin, brown spot in cell and one at apex.

Length of fore wing 25 mm.

Hab. Huatuxco, Vera Cruz. 1 2.

39. /alisidota hyalinipuncta, sp. n.

é. Frons white mixed with black hairs and with a

chevron-shaped black mark; vertex greyish black; thorax

black, splashed and mixed with creamy white, inner side of

patagia orange-buff; abdomen orange-buff above, densely

clothed with sooty hairs, last segment sooty grey. Fore

wing sooty black, densely irrorated with creamy white, a

number of basal patches, costal patches, and a transverse row

of submarginal patches creamy white ; disc of wing occupied

Zn four irregular transverse bands of large hyaline patches.

ind wing hyaline white, yellowish at base.

Length of fore wing 23-27 mm.

Hab, Agualani, Carabaya, 9000 feet (wet season), Dec.

1905 (G. Rk. Ockenden). 4232.

40. Halisidota punctata, sp. n.

An extremely variable insect ; I take as type that form of

which I have five specimens more or less alike.

3. Palpi sooty black-brown; head cream-white ; antenne

sooty brown with paler tips; thorax svoty brown powdered

with yellow, shoulders and centre cream-white ; abdomen

sooty brown, with creamy anal tuft. Fore wing sooty brown

powdered with yellow, basal one-third with three small and

one large cream spot, the latter running into wing from costa,

from costa across and beyond apex of cell a large irregular

cream patch, a postmedian transverse band of seven or eight

large and small cream patches, from apex to vein 1 an almost

coalescent series of large irregular cream blotches. Hind

wing pale fuscous, centre and outer margins cream-colour.

The opposite extreme has the thorax and fore wing so densely

powdered with yellow as almost to appear olive golden brown ;

costa of fore wing evenly spotted with yellow-cream, dise of

wing Spotted with stall dots of the same colour, a submargi-

nal tas of cream spots and the fringe chequered cream and

brown. Hind wing cream slightly washed with grey, fringe

chequered cream and brown.

Length of fore wing 20-22 mm,

Hab. Santo Domingo, Carabaya, 6500 feet, Nov. 1901 and

March, June, October, November, and December 1902 (G, 2.

Ockenden). 8 3d.

218 Hon. Walter Rothschild on

41. Halisidota pseudocarye, sp. 0.

go. Very near H. carye, Harr., but much paler. Pectus,

palpi, head, and thorax pale creamy buff; the inner edges

of patagia and abdomen dark buff. Fore wing creamy

buff irrorated with rufous cinnamon scales and with five

irregular transverse lines of semihyaline creamy spots and

streaks much less conspicuous and smaller than in earye ; a

pale cinnamon-brown oblique streak from costa to end of

vein 2, and a similar one from apex of cell to end of vein 6 ;

inner margin rufous cinnamon. Hind wing hyaline cream-

colour. .

Length of fore wing 19 mm.

Hab. Nogales, Arizona (Oslar). 2 8.

42. Halisidota terranea, sp. n.

3. Allied to huaco, Schaus, but with narrower and blunter

wings, much stouter body and much longer antenna. Pectus,

palpi, head, and thorax pale yellowish cream-buff; antennes

pale fuscous ; abdomen pale fuscous. Fore wing pale cream-

buff, slightly irrorated and sparingly dotted with fuscous

brown. Hind wing cream-buff, densely clothed with pale

fuscous hairs, a wide margin fuscous. Some specimens show

hardly any irroration or dotting on the fore wing, while others

are rather heavily so marked.

Length of fore wing 17°5-20 mm.

Hab. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazon, July to October 1906 and

July and August 1907 (S. M1. Klages) ; Coca, Rio Napo,

June to August 1899 (W. Goodfellow). 1486.

43. Halisidota oblonga, sp. n.

dé. Palpi, head, and tegule dirty brown mixed with

golden buff; patagia golden buff ; centre of thorax brownish ;

antennee dull brown; abdomen orange-buff. Fore wing

elongated, orange-buff, irrorated, clouded, and blotched with

dirty mauve cinnamon fuscous. Hind wing hyaline orange-

buff, with two cinnamon spots at apex.

Length of fore wing, 6 27, 2 31 mm.

Hab, Santo Domingo, Carabaya, 6000 feet, July 1902 (dry

season), and Oconeque, Carabaya, 7000 feet (dry season),

July 1904 (G. BR. Ockenden). 788,22 2.

44, Halisidota setosa, sp. n.

9. Pectus, head, and thorax sooty buff; antenne brown-

ish ; abdomen brownish buff, ending in an enormous cushion-

new South-American Arctiane. 219

pad of buff hair. Fore wing very elongate and narrow, pale

whitish buff, sparingly irrorated with brownish marks, round

cell a number of ill-defined sooty-brown patches, from apex

inwards run three brown spots. Hind wing pale buff, a

brownish dot near anal angle.

é. Similar, but much sinaller,

Length of fore wing, 9 21, ¢ 14-16 mm.

Hab. Lia Oroya, Rio Inambari, Peru, 3100 feet (dry

season), Sept. 1904 ; La Union, Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya,

2000 feet (wet season), Dec. 1904, and ‘Tinguri, Carabaya,

pag feet (wet season), Jan. 1905 (G. R. Ovkenden). 17 3 8,

2 3.

45. Halisidota oruboides, sp. n.

6. Has been usually mixed up with oruba, Schaus, but

quite distinct. Palpi, frons, and antenne pale brown ; frons

sulphur-yellow, with central brown stripe ; thorax sulphur-

ellow, with central stripe and mark on patagia brown ;

abdomen golden buff. Fore wing sulphur-yellow, irrorated

with brownish-rufous lunules, from base to apex a broad

rufous-brown band, a chocolate spot above this band in cell.

Hind wing hyaline buff, slightly opalescent.

Length of fore wing, ¢ 16-21, 9 22 mm.

Hab. Santo Domingo, Carabaya, 6500 feet (wet season),

and (dry season) July and Nov. 1902, and ‘linguri, Carabaya,

3400 feet, August 1904 and Jan. 1905; La Oroya, Rio

Inambari, S.E. Peru, 3100 feet (wet season), Oct. 1904

(G. R. Ockenden). 19 6 8,12.

46. Halisidota similis, sp. n.

3. Similar to orubotdes, but has fore wing much narrower,

longer, and more pointed.

Antennz brown ; head and thorax buff tinged with brown ;

abdomen golden buff. Fore wing buff, slightly irrorated with

brown and dotted with the same colour; a band of brown runs

from apex to base and two brown spots at apex of cell.

Hind wing hyaline buff,

Length of fore wing 17-19 mm,

Hab. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazon, Aug. 1907 (9. M. Klages).

6g¢.

47. Paranerita aurantiipennis, sp. n.

g. Frons yellowish grey ; vertex golden yellow; thorax

greyish mauve ; abdomen golden orange. Fore wing, basal

two-fifths obiiquely bright mauve, darker anteriorly and

220 Hon. Walter Rothschild on

irrorated with a deeper colour and marked with red, anterior

three-fifths golden yellow ; in the apical half a large blotch

of the same colour as basal portion of wing, joined thereto by

a narrow band of the same colour. Hind wing golden

orange.

Length of fore wing 16 mm.

Hab. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazon, July 1906 (S. M. Klages).

1g.

48. Paranerita odorata, sp. n.

3. Resembles sithnoides, but has a distinct androconial

patch on fore wing. Palpi and vertex lemon-yellow; thorax

purplish grey-brown; abdomen scarlet, last segment pale

yellow. Fore wing: basal half obliquely purple-brown

washed with rose, a basal streak of scarlet, an androconial

patch between cell and vein 2, rest of wing yellow ; a large

apical spheroid patch purple-brown, bordered at costa with

scarlet. Hind wing hyaline buff.

Length of fore wing 11 mm.

Hab. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazon, May 1906 (S. MZ. Klages).

49. Paranerita purpurascens, sp. n.

6. Head and palpi crimson ; vertex yellow ; thorax mauve-

purple, variegated with crimson ; abdomen dull scarlet with

whitish tip. Fore wing: basal half obliquely mauve-purple

variegated with crimson, a yellow dot in crimson circle on

vein 1; outer half yellow, with large apical spheroid patch of

mauve-purple variegated and bordered with crimson. Hind

wings hyaline orange-buff, washed with pale crimson.

Length of fore wing 11 mm.

Hab. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazon, June1906 (S. WM. Klages).

236.

50. Ischnocampa sordidior, sp. n.

6. Palpi and antenne pale brown; head greyish buff;

collar orange; thorax grey-brown with a darker admixture ;

abdomen sooty black, tip brown. Fore wing sooty brown,

sprinkled somewhat with yellow scales and with a deep violet

sheen; outer one-seventh yellowish, powdered with brown.

Hind wing hyaline sooty black.

Length of fore wing 18 mm.

Hab. La Oroya, Rio Inambari, Peru, 3100 feet (dry

season), Sept. 1904 (G. R. Ockenden). 1 @.

new South-American Arctiane. 221

51. Halisidota cinnamomea, sp. n.

?. Pectus, palpi, head, antenna, thorax, and abdomen

greyish cinnamon-brown. Fore wing cinnamon rufous, basal

half dotted irregularly with cinnamon-buff, apical half

clouded and mottled with cinnamon-buff. Hind wing

hyaline buffish clay-colour.

Length of fore wing 29 mm.

Hab. Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, 3100 feet (dry season),

June 1904 (G. R. Ockenden). 19.

52. Halisidota baritioides, sp. n.

@. Palpi, head, and antenne brownish buff; thorax buff,

strongly mixed with brown and red ; abdomen buff, strongly

washed with salmon-crimson. Fore wing bright buff, spotted

and reticulated with rufous brown, larger spots in cell and

between veins 6 and 7 and subapically of the same colour.

Hind wing salmon-crimson.

Length of fore wing 18 mm.

Hab. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazon, Sept. 1906 (S. M. Klages).

1g.

53. LHalistdota flavescens, sp. n.

?. Palpi, head, and thorax golden buff ; abdomen golden

buff, with tufts of orange-buff down the centre dorsally.

Fore wing golden buff, inner margin brown, a brown dot at

end of cell, a few scattered indications of brown dots on disc.

Hind wing hyaline cream-colour, yellowish towards abdo-

minal margin.

Length of fore wing 245 mm.

Hab. Sonora, New Mexico, Sept. 1-10 (Poling).

54. Halisidota albipuncta, sp. n.

?. Palpi, head, and thorax brownish orange-buff ; abdo-

men golden buff. Fore wing brownish orange-buff, reti-

culated and irrorated somewhat faintly with reddish brown,

a brown irregular spot at base of cell and at apex of cell a

large silver spot, from the costa to inner margin across apex

of cell a transverse broad brown line, inner margin brown.

Hind wing hyaline white.

Length of tore wing 22 mm.

Hab, Pereira, Cauca Valley.

222 Hon. Walter Rothschild on

55. Halisidota nubilosus, sp. n.

6. Nearest to ftestacea, Rothsch., but much larger.

Palpi, frons, and antenne dull brown; vertex of head and

thorax yellowish buff washed with a darker shade, two

brown dots on tegule ; abdomen golden buff. Fore wing

pale buff strongly irrorated and clouded with rufous mummy-

brown, from base to apex a darker brown band, five or six

dark brown spots on costa and submarginally at outer margin.

Hind wing pale buff, basal half obliquely clothed with

yellow hairs, indistinct brownish blotches at apex.

Length of fore wing 25 mm.

Hab. Santo Domingo, Carabaya, 6000 feet (wet season),

Feb. 1902; Oconeque, Carabaya, 7000 feet (dry season),

July 1904; and La Oroya, Rio Inambari, Peru, 3100 feet

(dry season), Sept. 1904 (G. R. Ockenden). 636.

56. Halisidota hoffmannsi, sp. n.

é. Very similar to terranea, Rothsch., but larger. Palpi,

frons, and antenne dull brown; vertex of head and thorax

greyish buff, tegule and patagia with central brown dots;

abdomen pale fuscous. Fore wing pale brownish buff, from

apex obliquely across seven-eighths of the wing to vein 1

runs an earthy brown band, which becomes wider distally

from apex (at apex it is 1 mm. wide, at vein 1 9 mm.

wide), at apex of cell two black spots, the lower three times

as large as the upper, a submarginal row of brown dots.

Hind wing buff, almost entirely covered with a brownish-grey

wash, except from costa to vein 6 and three or four spots at

outer margin.

Length of fore wing 23 mm.

Hab. Pozuzo, Dept. Huanuco, Peru (Hoffmanns). 1.

On pages 35 and 36 ‘ Novitates Zoologice,’ vol. xvi. (1909),

I described Areomolis basalisand Areomolis ockendent as new

species. These two turn out not to belong to the genus

Areomolis, but are two species of Neritos ; and while ockendent

is a new species, basalis turns out to be Neritos steniptera,

Hmpsn.

57. Halisidota bombycina, sp. n.

g. Legs buff; pectus brownish buff washed with pink ;

head, thorax, and antenne brownish buff ; abdomen testaceous

buff, two basal segments strongly washed with pink. Fore

wing: outer one-fifth, costa, and inner margin buff; disc

semihyaline buff, strongly irrorated with brown scales ; the

new South-American Arctiane. 223

outer one-fifth slightly powdered with dark scales. Hind

wing hyaline buff.

Length of fore wing 23 mm.

Hab, Limbani, Carabaya (dry season), 9500 feet, May

1904 (G. R. Ockenden). 12.

58. Halisidota anapheoides, sp. n.

Q. Has much the appearance of the African genus Anaphe.

Legs brownish buff; coxew dull pink; head and thorax

brownish buff; abdomen clay-buff, washed with pink;

antenne fuscous. Fore wing semihyaline buff; nervures

strongly marked and bordered with rufous brown ; outer

margin and three or four patches on costa rufous brown.

Hind wing pale hyaline buff, darker and more rosy near

abdominal margin.

Length of fore wing 26 mm.

Hab, Volcano de Chiriqui, 5000-9000 feet (Watson). 1 2.

59. Opharus albotestaceus, sp. n.

9. Pectus and legs deep buff; head, antenne, and thorax

buffish testaceous, with two or three black dots on patagia ;

abdomen buff, greyer towards base. Fore wing greyish buff,

with four transverse bands of whitish square or oblong spots

and numerous fuscous dots and spots. Hind wing hyaline

greyish buff.

Length ot fore wing 24 mm.

Hab, La Vuelta, Caura River, May 1903 (S. Mf. Klages).

A large series of females,

60. Opharus albescens, sp. n.

¢. Legs whitish, banded with buffish grey ; pectus buff ;

head, antenne, and thorax testaceous white, a black dot in

centre of tho:ax and on each side of the patagia; abdomen

dirty buff with brown lateral spots. Fore wing testaceous

white, seven brownish small spots on costa and disc in basal

third of wing, a large blackish-brown patch at apex of

cell. Hind wing hyaline whitish grey, splashed with darker

grey at apex and near margin,

Length of fore wing 28 mm.

Hab, Maripa, Caura River (S. M. Klages). 1 ?.

61. Hyperthema hoffmannsi, sp. n.

g. Pectus, head, thorax, and abdomen crimson, slightly

224 Hon. Walter Rothschild on

tinged with yellow; antenne fuscous. Fore wing: basal

one-third crimson, a large silvery white patch reaching from

inner margin to vein 7, toothed on outside and surrounded

with a black ring, rest of wing greyish brown, all nervures

and costa for four-fifths from its base crimson, a diamond-

shaped white patch beyond apex of cell. Hind wing hyaline

white, edged with greyish brown.

@. Similar, but hind wing sooty brown, only hyaline

white at base.

Length of fore wing, ¢ 15°5, 2 17 mm.

Hab. Teffé, Amazons, June 1906, and Allianca, below San

Antonio, Rio Madeira, Nov. & Dec. 1907 (W. Hoffmanns) ;

Teffé, Amazons, Oct. 1907 (IZ, de Mathan). 148,229.

62. Automolis multicolor, sp. n.

g. Pectus orange ; legs greyish white ; frons dark blackish

grey ; vertex and tegule orange, thorax orange with black

and white central spot ; patagia orange, bordered in front with

white; abdomen deep crimson; antennz fuscous with yel-—

lowish tips. Fore wing: basal half chocolate-brown washed

with olive-yellow, near base a transverse slate-grey band

veined with white, beyond the middle a broad transverse

slate-grey band from costa to angle of inner margin veined

with white, two white spots between the two bands on costa ;

rest of wing chocolate-brown and tinged slightly with yellow,

Hind wing: costal two-fifths testaceous orange, rest deep

crimson.

Length of fore wing 14 mm.

Hab. Potaro, British Guiana, February 1908 (S. M.

Klages). 236.

63. Automolis virescens, sp. n.

6. Pectus and frons orange; legs verditer-green, tarsi

banded with fuscous; vertex greenish yellow; antenne dark

grey; thorax orange; tegule and patagia green; abdomen

greenish orange-buff. Fore wing hyaline green, from base

broadly on both sides of vein 1 and along inner margin

verditer apple-green, costal margin and costa brownish orange.

Hind wing hyaline, abdominal area broadly yellow-buff.

Q. Larger: thorax bright green ; abdomen washed strongly

with green. Fore wing entirely verditer apple-green, only

edge of costa yellow; hind wing hyaline greenish.

Length of fore wing, gd 16, ? 21 mm. f

Hab. Santo Domingo, Carabaya (dry season), 6500 feet,

April 1902 (@. R. Ockenden). 284,12.

+. nae

“a

new South-American Arctiane. 225

64. Automolis felderi, sp. n.

9. Similar to tyéris, Stoll. Pectus, head, antenne, and

thorax white, a central thoracic spot yellow ; edges of tegula

and patagia buffish grey ; abdomen orange-buff ‘above, white

below, a central line of white dots above. Fore wing: costal

edge white from base to one-fifth from apex, a basal yellow

dot, rest of wing buffy grey, a large irregular postmedian

hyaline patch reaching from costa to vein 3 and 9 millimetres

wide. Hind wing hyaline pale buffy grey, abdominal area

yellow.

Length of fore wing 25 mm.

Hab. Colombia (ex Felder Coll.).

65. Ochrodota funebris, sp. n.

gd. Pectus buff; legs sooty brown; palpi sooty brown ;

antenne fuscous ; head and thorax sooty brown; abdomen

-above sooty black, below buff. Fore wing sooty brown,

faintly irrorated with a paler shade; a white spot at base of

costa and two minute white dots on costa and subcostal vein

one-fifth from apex. Hind wing sooty black.

Length of fore wing 15-16 mm.

flab. Pozuzo, Huanuco, 2940-3250 feet (W. Hoffmanns).

266.

66. Baritius peculiaris, sp. n.

This remarkable species belongs to the pyrrhopyga grou

3d. Legs, pectus, head, antenna, and thorax velvety blacks

abdomen above black, last segment golden yellow, last but

one crimson, two basal segments below buff. Fore wing

transparent hyaline, a black streak at apex of cell; base,

costa, nervures, apex, outer and inner margin black. Hind

wing hyaline transparent, nervures, costa, and margins black,

a black patch at anal angle.

Length of fore wing 21 mm.

Hab. Merida, Venezuela (fide Fruhstorfer). 1 2.

67. Pelochyta bicolor, sp. n.

9. Nearest allied to nigrescens, Dogn. Whole insect

sooty brown; two dots at base of antenne and the last four

abdominal segments above rosy carmine,

Length of fore wing 20 mm.

Hab. Santo Domingo, Carabaya (dry season), 6000 feet,

June 1902 (G4. R. Osean}. Po.

226 Hon. Walter Rothschild on

68. Pelochyta atra, sp. n.

&. Pectus orange, with two black central spots; first

joint of palpi orange, rest sooty black ; legs, head, and thorax

fuliginous, three spots on head and two each on tegule and

patagia deep black; antennee fuscous; abdomen above deep

fuliginous, extreme tip and under side orange. Fore and

hind wings deep sooty brownish black, with violet gloss.

?. Similar, but much larger and paler.

Length of fore wing, ¢ 19, 9 27 mm.

Hab. Santo Domingo, Carabaya, 6500 feet (wet season),

Dec. 1902, and La Oroya, Rio Inambari, S.E. Peru (wet

season), 3100 feet, Oct. 1904 (G. Lt. Ockenden). 4 36,

399.

69. Pelochyta brunnescens, sp. n.

g. Pectus orange, with two large black patches; palpi

orange-grey, with two large black spots on outside; head

and thorax sooty brown, with five black spots on head and

one on each tegula; abdomen above black, first four segments

clothed with Jong brownish hairs ; below orange, a double

lateral row and two big ventral spots black. Fore and hind

wings sooty brown.

¢. Similar, but much larger; hind wing hyaline buff,

outer margin ‘and nervures only. sooty brown. Some males

are also paler, with lighter hind wings, and four anal abdo-

minal segments banded yellow.

Length of fore wing, g 18-27, 2 21-33 mm.

Hab. Santo Domingo, Carabaya, 6000 feet, June 1902

(dry season) and Jan. 1902 (wet season) ; Oconeque, Cara-

baya (dry season), 7000 feet, July 1904; Limbani, Carabaya

(dry season), 9500 feet, April 1904, and La Oroya, Rio

Inambari, Peru, 3100 feet (dry season), Sept. 1904 (G@. BR.

Ockenden) ; Pozuzo, Huanuco (W. Hoffmanns) ; Paramba,

Keuador ; Chiriqui, Panama. 20 33,6 :

70. Elysius castanea, sp. n.

g. Pectus brown, orange anteriorly ; legs, palpi, head,

and antenne dull chestnut-brown; collar narrowly orange ;

thorax brown; abdomen above black, segments narrowly

edged with yellow ; a broad lateral band of orange and last

segment orange ; underside deep brown. Fore wing deep

brown, variegated with irregular paler clouds. Hind wing

deep brown, yellowish along abdominal margin.

Length of fore wing 22 mm.

Hab. Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya ae season), 3100 feet,

June 1904 (G. R. Ockenden). 5 3 oS

new South- American Arctiane.

71. Elystus fuliginosus, sp. n.

3d. Similar to carbonarius, Dogn., but hind wing: still

more reduced in size and white instead of sooty grey-brown.

also has white hind wings.

Length of fore wing, ¢ 25, 2 26 mm.

Hah, Huancabamba, Cerro de Paseo (2. Bettger) ; Santo

Domingo, Carabaya (wet season), 6500 feet, Dec. 1902

(G. LR. Ockenden) ; Oxapampa, N. Peru; Rio Tanampaya,

Bolivia, 1904 (Garlepp). 4 63,2 92 2.

72. Elysius tricyphoides, sp. n.

3d. Resembles a female Tricypha, but has longer and

narrower wings. Pectus brown, orange in front; head

creamy white; collar orange ; antenne and thorax brown;

abdomen blackish brown, sides and last segment orange,

Fore wing pale grey-brown; a blackish stigma at apex of

cell and a brown, zigzag, transverse line at one-sixth from

outer margin running from costa to vein 1. Hind wing

brown-grey.

¢. Similar, bat sides of abdomen and last two segments

more extended orange.

Length of fore wing, ¢ 19, 9 21 mm.

Hab. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazon, Sept. 1906 (S. M. Klages);

La Oroya, Rio Inambari, Peru (dry season), 3100 feet, Sept.

1904 (G. R. Ockenden). 238¢3,2 992.

73. LElysius pseudotricypha, sp. n.

g. This is still more like a Tricypha in appearance, as it

has similar short broad wings. Pectus orange, with two

black spots; legs and palpi dark brown; head yellow;

collar orange; antenne and thorax dark brown; abdomen

above black, orange at tip, below orange, with central row of

black patches. Fore wing grey-brown; a premedian and a

median broad transverse band of darker brown, the latter

forked from vein 3 to costa; a premarginal zigzag brown

line. Hind wing sooty black.

Length of fore wing 18 mm.

Hab, Avoewarwa Creek, Maroewym Valley, Surinam,

April 1905 (S. M. Klages). 2 32.

74, Syntarctia fasciata, sp. n.

3. Differs from @none, Butl., by having on the fore wing

a basal, subbasal, postmedian, submarginal, and marginal

228 On new South-American Arctiane.

broad transverse bands of grey-brown, and the discocellular

stigma is a large blackish patch.

Length of fore wing 14 mm.

Hab. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazon, July 1906 (S. 4. Klages).

336.

75. Syntarctia russus, sp. n.

9. Pectus whity brown; head and thorax pale russet-

brown, irrorated with darker scales; antenne russet pale

brown; abdomen whity brown. Fore wing pale russet-

brown, crossed by numerous zigzag fuscous lines and by a

zigzag premedian and median fuscous band. Hind wing

pale hyaline brownish.

d. Smaller.

Length of fore wing, ¢ 14, 2 16 mm.

36 d,2 ¢ G.

76. Opharus fasciatus, sp. n.

g. Near to Opharus astur, Cram. Pectus whitish; head

grey, with black dot between antenne; antenne brown;

thorax pale grey, tegule and patagia dotted with black;

abdomen above orange, with central and two lateral rows of

black spots, basal two segments clothed with yellowish-grey

hairs, below buff. Fore wing brown, crossed by four wavy

bands of broad white patches; fringe spotted with white.

Hind wing hyaline grey, margins darker.

Length of fore wing 29 mm.

Hab. Valencia, Venezuela. 1 9.

77. Ischnocampa griseola, sp. n.

gd. Pectus, legs, antenne, head, thorax, and abdomen

grey ; vertex of head and collar orange. Fore wing pale

grey, powdered densely with brownish-grey scales; a black

discocellular dot, and beyond it a zigzag, transverse, dark

grey, narrow band. Hind wing hyaline slate-grey.

Length of fore wing 15°5 mm.

Hab. Newcastle, Jamaica. 1 ¢@.

78. Neritos abdominalis, sp. n.

3. Legs grey; pectus, palpi, and head orange ; thorax

grey ; abdomen above, basal half blackish grey, rest orange,

below entirely orange. Fore wing grey, nervures whitish ;

On the Genus Smithia, Waltzan. 229

a cloudy ill-defined white spot below and beyond disco-

cellulars. Hind wing brownish grey.

Length of fore wing 13 mm.

Hab. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazon, May 1906 (S. M.

Klages). 1 @.

79. Neritos steinbachi, sp. n.

?. Pectus and legs grey; antenne fuscous; head and

tegule orange; thorax and abdomen grey. Fore wing

grey, nervures darker. Hind wing dark grey.

Length of fore wing 12 mm.

Hab. Buenavista, East Bolivia, 750 metres, Aug. 1906-

April 1907 (J. Steinbach). 1 2.

XXVITI.—Note on the Genus Smithia, Maltzan.

By Enpaar A. Smiru, I.8.0.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE genus Smithia was founded by the late Baron H. von

Maltzan * for a remarkable marine shell from the Island of

Goree belonging to the family Turritellide. Its peculiarity

consists in the whorls being uncoiled in corkscrew fashion.

Otherwise it agrees in the character both of the shell and

operculum with Turritella and Mesalia. Maltzan compared

it with Lglisia, but that genus is said to have a pancispiral

operculum, whereas in Smithia it is concentric and multispiral.

It has been pointed out by the late Dr. E. von Martens T

that the generic name Smithia had previously been employed

in zoology by Edwards and Haime (1851), Saussure (1855),

and Mabille (1879).

The Museum having recently acquired a specimen of this

curious shell, it has become necessary to invent a new generic

name. I would have liked to return the Baron’s compliment,

and to propose Maltzania; but that appellation having

already been employed in Reptilia by Dr. O. Beettger, I

would suggest Callostracum as suitable tor the designation of

this most interesting genus.

* Nachrichtsblatt deutsch. malak. Gesell. 1883, p. 97, fig.

t Zool. Record, 1883, Mollusca, p. 46.

Ann. & Mag. N. /list. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 17

230 Mr. O. Thomas on some

XXVIII.— Notes on some South- American Mammals, with

Descriptions of new Species. By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE identification of some mammals which have been

received from Western Colombia, collected by M. G.

Palmer, and from Santa Catherina, collected by W. Ehrhardt,

has resulted in the following notes and descriptions.

Vampyressa pusilla and its Allies.

Wagner’s Phyllostoma pusillum was placed by Peters and

Dobson in Chiroderma, then by myself in Vampyrops, in

which, on account of its special dental formula, I considered

it to represent a peculiar subgenus, Vampyressa, since raised

to a genus by Miller.

One species only has been hitherto known, a native of

South Brazil, and our knowledge of it rests mainly on the

account given by Peters * of a specimen in the Leyden

Museum which he states to agree absolutely with Wagner’s

type, an immature example. In his recently published

posthumous ‘ Plates of Chiroptera’ t he gives an admirable

figure of the Leyden specimen, which for present purposes

we should accept on his authority as typical.

The British Museum contains six specimens of Vam-

pyressa from the western side of the Andes, and these prove

to belong to two species, neither of which can be assigned to

V. pusilla.

Vampyressa nymphea, sp. n. -

Size comparatively large, slightly larger than V. pusilla,

considerably larger than V. thyone. General colour smoke-

grey, rather lighter below. Facial stripes conspicuous and

strongly marked, the upper ones running back to behind the

ears. Area round eye blackish.

Skull largest of the genus, its shape as figured by Peters

in V. pusilla.

Teeth quite differently shaped to those of puszlla. P*

rounded, triangular in section, without the conspicuous

postero-internal concavity shown in Peters’s plate. MM’

barely as broad as long, with a broad rounded-quadrangular

* MB. Ak. Berl. 1866, p. 395.

+ Mus. Zool. Berl. Chiropt. pl. xii. a, figs, 10-15 (1906).

South-American Mammals. 231

internal lobe ; very different to the much broader than long,

internally pointed tooth figured by Peters. MM? also tending

rather towards a quadrangular shape, not so distinctly trian-

gular as in pusilla. M, longer than broad, instead of the

converse, with one high antero-external cusp and a broad

posterior basal ledge.

Forearm 36 mm.

Skull: greatest length 21; basal length 16°5; zygomatic

breadth 12:2; mastoid breadth 10°5; palate length 10;

front of upper canine to back of m? 7:5.

a Novita, Rio 8. Juan, Chocé, W. Colombia. Alt.

150!

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 9. 7. 17. 40. Original

number 135. Collected 28th November, 1908, by M. G.

Palmer.

This species is so different from V. pusilla in the shape of

its teeth as to induce a doubt as to whether it is rightly

referred to this genus. Unfortunately the upper incisors,

anterior premolars, and posterior lower molars are missing in

the only specimen, but, judging from the shape and number

of the alveoli, no further material differences besides those

above mentioned seem to occur in these missing teeth. In

any case, it is not an Artibeus, as shown by the structure of

the teeth ; its dental formula is that of Vampyressa.

Vampyressa thyone, sp. n.

Size comparatively small. Colour above whitish brown

anteriorly, uniform pale brown posteriorly, very much as in

Mesophylla macconnelli, which we have received from this

same region. Under surface paler brown. Facial streaks

short and inconspicuous, though present, area round eye pale

brown.

Skull similar to that of V. pusilla, but smaller. Teeth

like those of that animal in shape, except that both the ante-

rior premolar and the posterior molar in the upper jaw are

wider transversely and shorter antero-posteriorly, the difference

in the last-named tooth being especially noticeable,

Porearm of type 82 mm,

Skull: greatest length 19; basal length 15:3; zygomatic

breadth 11; mastoid breadth 9°5; palate length 9°2; front

of canine to back of m? 6:1,

Hab, (of type). Chimbo, near Guayaquil, Ecuador. Alt.

1000’. Other specimens from Chocé, W. Colombia.

Type. Adult male in alcohol. B.M. no, 97. 11. 7. 77.

Collected 30th April, 1897, by W. Rosenberg. Presented

by Oldfield ‘Thomas. oe

232 Mr. O. Thomas on some

This species is readily distinguishable from V. pusilla by

its smaller size, the forearm of the adult specimen described

by Peters having been 35 mm. in length, and its skull,

measured on the plate, 20mm. ‘The narrow transverse shape

of the last upper molar is also distinctive and quite uniform

in the five examples of V. thyone before me.

BASSARICYON.

Dr. Allen has recently * described a second Central-

American species of this genus, apparently being considerably

influenced to do so by his taking the Panama specimens

figured by Huet} as practically topotypical of B. gabbi,

whose original locality was Talamanca, 8.1. Costa Rica.

But Huet’s did not come from the north of Panama in the

sense of the part of Panama State nearest towards North

America, which would be adjacent to Talamanca, but from

near the town of Panama, a very different place; for

Prof. Trouessart has kindly examined the original registers

at my request, and finds that the entry runs :—“ Village de

Caimito, province de Chorreo [not Correo, as misprinted by

Huet], un peu au nord de Panama.” Allowing for the bad

writing of M. Boucard, the collector, Prof. Trouessart thinks

“ Chorreo” means “ Chorrera,” a place quite close to Panama

City.

Dr. Allen assumes that no more specimens of Bassaricyon

have been collected than those referred to in literature,

forgetting that he had seen additional specimens during his

last visit to the British Museum.

As a matter of fact, the Museum now contains eight

examples belonging to the genus, and these appear to me to

belong to three types, as follows :—

1. Skull rounded, with very convex frontal profile. General

colour less fulvous, more greyish or brownish.

B, gabbi (and possibly B. richardsunt).

Hab. Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and N.W. Panama. Ex-

amples from Chiriqui in the Museum Collection may be

taken as representative, thar Jocality being really very near

to Talamanca. :

2. Skull rounded. General colour strongly fulvous.

B. medius, sp. n.

Hab, Central Panama to Western Colombia.

* Bull. Am, Mus. N. H. xxiv. p, 662 (1908).

tN. Arch. Mus. (2) v. p. 1, pl. i. (1883).

South-American Mammals. 233

3. Skull comparatively flat and low. Colour fulvous.

B> alleni.

Hab. Venezuela to Peru, the most southern locality being

Chanchamayo.

The differences in the shape of m° and of the mandibular

coronoid process, originally used by myself in describing

B. allen, prove to be too variable to be of much service.

Bassaricyon medius, sp, 0.

General colour fulvous, varying from a dull fulvous quite

like that of B. alleni to a more tawny fulvous like that of

Huet’s figure. Under surface buff. Face, as usual, greyer,

the contrast not sharply defined. Ears more or less grizzled

with blackish. ‘Tail long, well haired, with a suppressed

indication of brown and fulvous annulation running through-

out its length, as is the case in the other members of the

genus; some hairs at its extreme tip white.

Skull distinctly of the more rounded type observable in

the Chiriqui specimens of B. gabbr, but not quite so strongly

marked, rather smaller and less powerfully marked than in

that animal. Frontal outline convex; brain-case swollen,

interorbital space slightly convex, not flattened; muzzle

smaller and lighter than in B. gabbt. ‘Teeth in general

characters like those of B. gabbi, but the molars rather

smaller. Throughout the genus, however, the shape of the

teeth proves to be rather variable and of less use as a cha-

racter than has been supposed. One example even has a

triangular m* on one side and a subquadrangular one on the

other.

Dimensions of the type (measured in thie flesh) :—

Head and body 352 mm.; tail 435; hind foot 72 ; ear 34.

Skull: greatest length 81; condylo-basal length 75 ;

zygomatic breadth 51; interorbital breadth 16°8 ; breadth of

brain-case 35; palatal length 42°5; combined length of

upper molars 13:2; front of canine to back of m*® 28:3.

Hab, Jimenez, mountains inland of Chocé, W. Colombia.

Alt. 2400'.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 9. 7. 17. 10. Original

number 54. Collected 16th April, 1907, by M. G. Palmer,

‘Three specimens,

The considerable difference in colour inter se among these

three specimens from Jimenez and again between the two

that we have from Chiriqui shows that slight differences

in coloration cannot be made the basis of specific distinction

in this genus.

234 Mr. O. Thomas on some

Seturus (Microscturus) palmert, sp. n.

Like S, (JZ) mimulus, Thos., in almost every respect,

with the one important exception that the ornamenting black

of the upper surface, which in mzmulus consists of a line

down the back, is here represented by black on the face and

muzzle.

General colour above blackish brown, profusely ticked with

buffy ; no dorsal dark line. Under surface with the throat

and chest ochraceous rufous, rather more rufous than the

tawny ochraceous of mémulus; belly mixed ochraceous and

brownish ; outer side of hips more ochraceous. Centre of

face, over a triangular area extending from the tip of the

nose to just in front of the ears, deep glossy black in the most

typical specimens, though in some individuals it is ticked

with buffy and more brownish. Cheeks brownish ochraceous.

Hands and feet brown, becoming rich ochraceous on the

digits. ‘Tail-hairs mixed black and ochraceous.

Skull a little larger than that of mimulus, but otherwise

similar,

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 145 mm. ; tail126; hind foot 38; ear 13:5,

Skull: greatest length 40°3; basilar length 30; zygo-

matic breadth 24; length of upper tooth-series exclusive of

Br l..

Hab. Chocé, Western Colombia. Type from Sipi, Rio

Sipi, Rio San Juan. Alt. 150!

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 9.7.17. 25. Original

number 123. Collected 24th September, 1908, by Mr. M. G.

Palmer. Eight specimens.

This well-marked species, which I have named in honour

of its discoverer, who had already done good collecting work

in Nicaragua, is readily recognizable by the blackening of

its forehead and muzzle, which seems to take the place of the

black dorsal line in its nearest ally the Ecuadorean S. (JZ)

mimulus.

comys catherine, sp. n.

Size largest of the genus. Fur soft and thick; hairs of

back about 13 mm. in length. General colour above some

shade of fulvous, but the specimen has been discoloured and

probably rendered more strongly fulvous by spirit. Under

surface soiled whitish, not sharply defined laterally, the hairs

slaty for four-fifths their length, their tips dull buffy whitish

—in most Gcomys the belly-hairs are white to their roots.

Head, arms, and legs grey. Hands brown on the middle of

South-American Mammals. 235

the metacarpus, the sides and the fingers white; feet white, a

brownish patch on the metatarsus. Tail-hairs wholly brown

above and below, scarcely lengthened at tip.

Skull with the usual rounded shape found in Gcomys, but

the supraorbital ridges are unusually developed and pass

back as strongly marked ridges across the parietals; nasals

narrow. Anteorbital plate of zygoma more developed than

is usual in Gcomys, more as in Uryzomys, projecting about

14 mm. in front of the upper bridge. Palatal foramina short,

broad, widely open. Molars strong, quadrangular.

Dimensions of the type (measured in spirit) :—

Head and body 132 mm. ; tail 166; hind foot 30; ear 20.

Skull: greatest length 34; basilar length 26°5 ; zygomatic

breadth 17; nasals 11; interorbital breadth 6°2; breadth

across parietal ridges 12°7; palatilar length 15; palatal

foramina 6 x 3°1; upper molar series 5:2.

Hab, Joinville, Santa Catherina, S. Brazil.

Type. Adult male. Original number 30. Collected by

W. Ehrhardt.

This is a most interesting species on two accounts. Geo-

graphically it forms a great extension of the known range of

the group, no bush-rats, Qcomys or Rhipidromys, being

known from South Brazil and no Gcomys nearer than Matto

Grosso, unless the peculiar ‘ Rhipidomys” rufescens of Rio

Janeiro should prove to be a member of this genus.

Then in its structure @. catherine is abnormal in that its

zygomatic plate is as developed as in ordinary Oryzomys,

thus showing that this character is not so constant as I had

supposed it to be. ‘The external characters are distinctly

those of the bush-living Gcomys, notably the short broad

feet, with proportionally long hallux and fifth toe, and the

well-haired unicolor tail. ‘he tail in all true Oryzomys,

owing to their living on the ground, is white or whitish

underneath, at least proximally, while in all the bush-rats it

is wholly dark above and below.

The Groups referred to the Genus Oxymycterus.

Ever since I described, in 1897*, the aberrant Ozy-

mycterus lanosus and Dr. Allen named the still more aberrant

O. apicalis ¢ it has been obvious that the genus ought to be

divided into three, corresponding respectively to the typical

Oxymycteri and to the two species above mentioned. :

Considering how different the animals are externally, it is

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xx. p. 218.

¢ Bull. Am, Mus, N. H. xiii. p, 224 (1900).

236 Mr. O. Thomas on some

curious how few tangible characters can be drawn from the

skulls, while the teeth, as is the usual difficulty in the

Akodun-Oxymycterus group of genera, give practically no

help at all.

The following are the three genera I propose to recognize :—

Oxymycterus, Waterhouse.

Fore claws elongated, fossorial; nail of pollex narrow,

pointed. Miuzzle long, mobile. ‘Tail much shorter than

head and body (about two-thirds).

Skull with a long muzzle, the nasals produced forwards in

old specimens and expanded anteriorly, so as to make a more

or less trumpet-shaped opening, their posterior end anterior

to the front of the orbit. Zygomatic plate narrow, slanting,

its anterior edge sloping all the way down to its junction

with the maxilla. Brain-case large, smooth, rounded, con-

trasting with the long slender muzzle.

Range. Brazilian region, extending westwards into Peru

and south to La Plata. Not known north of the Amazon.

Type. O. nasutus, Waterhouse. Other species: O. rufus,

Desm.*, hispidus, Pict., juliace, All., rostellatus, Wagn.,

questor, Thos., delator, 'Thos., inca, Thos., &e.

Lenoxus, gen. nov.

Form normal, rat-like, muzzle not specially elongated.

Fore claws of moderate size, not fossorial; nail of pollex not

pointed. Tail about the length of the head and body.

Skull more normal in shape, and though the muzzle is

long, it is broad and heavy proximally and tapers distally ;

nasals not expanded anteriorly, but reaching posteriorly

behind the front edge of the orbit. Interorbital region

swollen, rounded. Zygomatic plate narrow as in all this

group, but its anterior edge turns vertically downwards before

uniting with the maxilla. Brain-case not large in proportion

to the muzzle. Interparietal well developed.

* J had been disposed to demur to the common reference of Desmarest’s

Mus rufus to Oxymycterus, as this was based solely on the “ Rat roux ”

of the French edition of Azara, and there the animal is said to have a

somewhat blunt nose, being even compared to the European Water- Vole,

But the precise agreement of Azara’s description with examples of Ozy-

mycterus trom this region both in proportions and colour now makes me

think that the nose ot his specimen, which was preserved in spirit and

then half dried up, must have got contracted or distorted, perhaps through

ressure against the sides of the bottle. Azara’s “ Hocicudo” of the

panish edition is unquestionably an Oxymycterus, and his opinion that

the two were the eame species may be accepted ae correct.

ne ll

South-American Mammals. 237

Range. Peru (Inambari River).

Type. Lenoxus apicalis (Oxymycterus apicalis, Allen).

As I noticed in 1901 *, this striking species has none of

the peculiar appearance characteristic of Owymycterus, and

there is no doubt it should form a distinct genus.

Microxus, gen. nov.

_ Form normal, mouse-like, or rather Akodon-like. Muzzle

not elongate. Fore feet normal, not fossorial, the claws

small and the pollical nail not pointed. ‘Tail shorter than

head and body.

Skull like that of a small Akodon, except for the charac-

teristic narrow zygomatic plate; smooth and rounded, without

ridges, the muzzle of normal size and shape ; nasals not ex-

panded anteriorly, extending posteriorly to the line of the

front of the orbit.

Range. South America, from Bogota to Straits of Magellan.

Type. Microvus mimus (Oxvymycterus mimus, Thos., 1901).

Other species: M. bogotensis (Akodon bogotensis, Thos.,

1895), Ai. lanosus (Oxymycterus lanosus, Vhos., 1897), and

M. theringt ( Oxymycterus theringi, Vhos., 1896).

That the first three of the species assigned to this genus

had a special inter-relationship was indicated when J. mimus

was described in 1901. Their skulls are remarkably

similar to each other. On the other hand, MZ chering? is less

typical, showing a distinct tendency towards the peculiar

characteristics of Oxymycterus.

Good figures of skulls representing all three of the genera

of this group now recognized have been published by

Dr. Allen in his fine work on the Mammals of Southern

Patagonia f.

Oxymycterus angularis, sp. n.

Allied to O. Aisyidus, but with shorter tail and with a

curved, almost angular, front edge to the zygomatic plate.

Size and colour about as in U. hispidus, as represented by

a stries from Espiritu Santo, The upper surface dull bistre-

brown, becoming rather warmer on the posterior back, where

the light rings on the hairs, buffy anteriorly, become more

ochraceous. Sides: rather lighter, Under surface dark

greyish, the tips of the hairs buffy. Ears, hands, and feet

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vii. p. 189 (1901).

+ Tom. cit. p. 184.

t Rep. Princeton Exp. iii. pt. i. pls. ix, & x. (1905),

238 Mr. O. ‘Uhomas on some

uniform dark brown. Tail shorter than in the Espiritu

Santo hispidus, blackish brown throughout.

Skull like that of 0. hispidus, with the curious exception

that the anterior zygoma-root, which in hispidus has the

typical Oxymycterus character of being very narrow, with a

slanting and slightly curved—almost straight—front edge,

has here a distinctly curved edge, so that its outline is more

as in ordinary Cricetines, or at least as in Lenozus *,

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :-—

Head and body 160 mm.; tail 100; hind foot 30; ear 21.

Skull: length of nasals 14; palatilar length 14; upper

tooth-row 5:6.

Skull of another specimen : greatest length 36°3; condylo-

basal length 383; zygomatic breadth 17; nasals 13°8x4°4;

interorbital breadth 7-1; breadth of brain-case 15°3; pala-

tilar length 14°4; palatal foramina 8:1; length of upper

molar series 5°6.

Hab. Siio Lourengo, near Pernambuco. Alt. 30 m.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 3. 10. 1. 56. Original

number 1706. Collected 14th August, 1903, by A. Robert.

Presented by Oldfield Thomas. Five specimens.

Except for its rather shorter tail, this Ozymycterus does

not appear to differ externally from O. Aispidus, but in the

characters of its zygoma-root it forms an exception to all the

members of the genus, more resembling Lenoxus, to which,

however, its general appearance and long fore claws show

that it has no real relationship.

Oxymycterus judex, sp. n.

A large dark rufous species, with large brain-case.

Size largest of the 8.-Brazilian species. General colour,

in a spirit-specimen, dark coppery rufous, the back blacker,

the sides more rufous, the belly dull tawny rufous. Lars,

hands, feet, and tail dark brown, without rufous tinge.

Claws particularly long and powerful. Hind feet large and

heavy, the fifth sole-pad small and inconspicuous, the sixth

very large.

Skull large and heavy, with large brain-case, this being

conspicuously larger in proportion to the muzzle than it is in

the Parana UO. questor. ‘Thus the brain-case, measured from

antero-external to postero-external corner, is 15°7 mm. in

length, while it is only 14°5 in O. questor, whose muzzle is

* Not so strongly curved as in the Lenoxus apicalis figured by Allen,

but quite as in a rather younger example in the British Museum

collection.

South-American Mammals. 239

of nearly equal length. Muzzle heavy, the nasals raised

and broadened anteriorly. Zygomatic plates of normal

Oxymycterus shape.

Dimensionsof the type (measured on the spirit- specimen) :—

Head and body 152 mm.; tail 129; hind foot 34:5;

ear 22:5.

Skull: greatest length 42; basilar length 31:5; zygo-

matic breadth 17°6; nasals 16°2x 4:5; interorbital breadth

68; breadth of brain-case 16°4; palatilar length 15°5 ;

diastema 10°1; palatal foramina 8°8; upper molar series 5°8.

Hab. Joinville, Santa Catherina.

Type. Adult male. Original number 21. Collected by

W. Khrhardt. Five specimens examined.

This species appears to be most nearly allied to O. questor,

but is distinguished by its larger size and much larger

brain-case,

Loncheres medius, sp. n.

A species intermediate between L. thomasi and L. dasythriz.

Size markedly less than in L. thomas’, Ihering, greater

than in L. dasythriz, Hensel. Fur thickly spinous, the

spines about an inch long on the back, rather less than a

millimetre broad. General colour above cinnamon-brown,

below dull pinkish buff, the bases of the hairs slaty ; tran-

sition on the sides of the belly quite gradual; a slight but

variable amount of white in the gular and inguinal regions,

Spines slaty, tipped with black. Ears and the tufts round

them black. Hands and feet whitish brown. ‘Tail long, its

basal two inches coloured and furred like the body, the

remainder well-haired, uniformly dark brown.

Skull very similar in structure to that of L. thomas?, but

conspicuously smaller. Larger than in L. dasythriz.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 230 mm.; tail 240; hind foot 40; ear 17.

Skull: greatest length 53°5; basilar length 42°2; zygo-

matic breadth 25; nasals 16°5; interorbital breadth 11:2 ;

palatilar length 22; diastema 11°6; length of upper molar

series 13,

: Tab. (of type). Roga Nova, Serro do Mar, Parana, S.

Brazil. Alt. 1000 m. Another specimen from Joinville,

Santa Catherina,

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 3. 7. 1. 84. Original

number 864, Collected 18th September, 1901, by A. Robert.

Presented by Oldfield ‘Thomas.

In the British Museum there are examples of three species

of Loncheres from 8. Brazil, distinguished from each other

240 Mr. O. Thomas on some

mainly by size. The largest, Z. thomas?, Ihering, from the

island of Sfio Sebastii., Sao Paulo, was originally described

as a Mesomys, because the type had no tail, but was later on

erroneously referred by its founder to L. nigréspina. It 1s,

however, much larger and differently coloured. The

smallest, ZL. dasythriz, Hensel, is represented by one of the

original typical skulls from Rio Grande do Sul, and two

dealers’ specimens from the island of Santa Catherina. The

present intermediate species occurs in Parana and the main-

land of Santa Catherina.

From all these three Wagner’s L. niyrispina would appear

to be distinguished by its sharply defined light underside,

with the fur light to the base, which is mentioned both in the

original description and in my notes on the type in Vienna.

In size it only equals, or but little exceeds, the smallest of

the above-mentioned species, L, dasythrix. The type was

collected at Ypanema, Sao Paulo.

Echimys laticeps, sp. n.

In 1902 the British Museum received from Mr. W. Foster

topotypical examples from Paraguay of the rare Lehimys

sptnosus, Desm.*, and on their arrival I naturally compared

them with a specimen bearing the same specific name which

had been collected at Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes, by Rein-

hardt, determined by Winge f, and acquired by exchange

from the Copenhagen Museum.

‘The two animals were obviously entirely distinct, but as

in his great work on the Mammals of Lagoa Santa, Dr. Winge

had reterred to a “ Loncheres laticeps, Lund,” which he stated

to be the same as JZ. spinosus, | let the matter rest, considering

laticeps available tor the Lagoa Santa species.

But now, on again referring to the genus, I find that Lund

appears $ never to have described his ‘ Loncheres laticeps,”

which therefore was, and still is, a nomen nudum, although it

has many times been referred to in synonymies, In my

search for a description 1 have been materially assisted by

* El espinoso, Azara. The names spinosus, Desm., rufa, Licht., and

brachyurus, Wagn., were all originally based on Azara’s Paraguayan

animal, whatever they were afterwards transferred to by other writers.

+ As“ Mesomys” spinosus. I follow Dr. Allen’s admirable paper

clearing up the much embroiled nomenclature of the genera of this group |

(Bull. Am. Mus. N. H. xii. p. 257, 1899). ‘The real Mesomys was

identified by me in a later paper (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xv. p. 590,

1905).

¢ Dr. Winge has been good enough to confirm my belief in the absence

of any description. =

gues

South-American Mammals. 241

Dr. Knud Andersen, to whom the Danish literature on the

subject is familiar.

But in case a description should turn up, and in any event to

keep these synonymies approximately correct, | have thought

it advisable to use the specific name /aticeps for the Lagoa

Santa animal, although it is, of course, given under my own

responsibility and authorship. It is also not unsuitable, as,

owing to the large bulla with projecting meatus, the posterior

part of the skull is decidedly broader than in 2. spinosus.

The two species may be readily distinguished as follows :—

A. General colour drab-brown, quite without rufous.

Belly white, fairly sharply defined lateraily.

Hands and feet brown, with lighter digits;

feet longer in Fag es to size of skull; claws

less developed. Tail shorter, brown above,

slightly lighter below.

Bulle of normal size; muzzle broad and heavy ;

palatal foramina short, broadly oval ; posterior

sone notch extending to middle of m?.

ncisors very large and heavy.

Hab. Paraguay and South Brazil (Santa

CER anne ar MeO E. spinosus, Desm.

B. General colour coarsely grizzled rufous and black,

blacker on the back, becoming strongly rufous

onrump. Under surface dull whitish or buffy,

not defined laterally. Hands dull whitish, their

claws long and powerful; feet proportionally

shorter, mixed brown and white. Tail longer,

brown with a slightly rufous tone.

Bulle abnormally large; muzzle comparatively

light; palatal foramina narrow, elongate;

posterior a notch only extending to

opposite the front of m*; incisors compara-

tively weak.

Hab, Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes ...... E.. laticeps, Thos.

The following are the dimensions of the specimen selected

as tle type, some measurements of Z. spinosus being placed

in brackets :—

Head and body (on skin, probably shrunk) 200 mm.;

tail 72; hind foot 29; longest fore claw (above) 7°5,

(Z. sptnosus, measured in flesh: head and body 221;

tail 67; hind foot 35; ear 21; longest fore claw 5:5).

- Skull: greatest length 49 (50) ; basilar length 39°5 (40:2);

zygomatic breadth 28 (29); interorbital breadth 11°7 (11-8) ;

greatest posterior breadth, on meatus 25 (23); palatilar

length 19 (18:2); palatal foramina 5°7 x 2°7 (4:5x3°5) ;

bulle 16x10°5 (exclusive of meatus) (13x82); upper

molar series 9°2 (9°2).

Hab. Lagoa Santa, on the Rio Sfo Francisco, Minas

Geraes.

242 Dr. D. oF Elliot on the

Type. Adult female, B.M. no. 88.1.9.11. Number 595

of the Copenhagen Museum. Collected 13th June, 1851, by

Prof. Reinhardt. Received in exchange from the Copenhagen

Museum.

Members of this interesting genus are excessively rare in

museums, and, so far as I am aware, no other examples

of the true H. spinosus have been recorded.

Besides the fype of HH. laticeps, the British Museum con-

tains three specimens of E. spinosus from Paraguay, and

three more have recently come, collected by Herr W. Ehrhardt

at Joinville, Santa Catherina.

XXIX.—Remarks on the Species of the Genus Rheinardtius.

By D. G. Exuiot, D.Sc., F.R.S.E., &c.

Arevs oceriatvs was founded upon a presumable tail-feather

of some unknown bird contained in the collection of the

Paris Museum. The name was a MS. one, bestowed by the

late Jules Verreaux, but never published by him, and the

first description given of the feather was one by myself in

the Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1871, vin. p. 119. For many

years this feather remained in the bird-gallery of the Paris

Museum as sole representative of some unknown but evidently

extraordinary species, and when, early in 1880, a complete

example of a long-tailed pheasant-like bird was brought

from Annam, resembling as regards its tail-feathers the one

so long in the Museum, the name ocel/atus was conferred

upon it and a new generic term Rheinardtius created for it,

and under that name the species has been known up to the

present time.

One naturalist, however, evidently did not believe in the

identity of the specimen called at present Rhetnardtius ocel-

latus with the feather so long in the Museum, for in the

‘ Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France’? Mons. Main-

gonnat named the Annam examples Argus rheinardti.

While very familiar with the long feather in the Paris

Museum, of which a plate containing a full-size figure is

given in my ‘ Monograph of the ‘ Phasianide,? I had not

until lately had an opportunity of examining the Annam

bird and comparing it with the feather called Argus ocellatus ;

but this, through the kindness of M. Trouessart, I have now

been able to do, for the single feather, while no longer

Species of the Genus Rheinardtius. 243

exhibited in the gallery of the Paris Museum, is still care-

fully preserved. My material for making this comparison

was ample, for, in addition to two very fine mounted speci-

mens, there were a dozen or more loose feathers brought by

the collector.

I was at once impressed by the difference between these

feathers, for while the long tail-feathers of the birds from

Annam measure 5} inches in width, that of the R.? ocellatus

only measures 4, the length being about the same. The

latter feather does not have the pale grey on both sides of

the shaft, so conspicuous on the feathers of the Annam

species, this part being much darker, more of a leaden hue,

while the small spots are pale clay-colour, not white ; these

are correctly represented on the plate in the Monograph,

although in the description in the ‘Annals’ they were

erroneously stated to be white, an error caused from writing

the description in London without having the feather before

me. On account of the feather being so much narrower, the

two rows of large dark red spots with black centres occupy

a much larger space on the feather, nearly half of the

entire width of each web, and the red on the inner web

is often in irregular lines and blotches ; this is also very

correctly shown in Mr. Wolf’s drawing in the Monograph.

In fact, this is in every way a very faithful representation

of the original, except in two particulars: the shaft is

too large, it being really about the size of those in the

feathers of the Annam birds, and also too red, at least

as it is now in the original, which is a pale red (it may

have faded), avery different colour indeed from the shaft of

the other species. The general appearance of the R. ? ocel-

latus feather is a kind of pale greyish-brown, spotted on both

webs withsmall paleclay-coloured dots, surrounded with black,

and with large red spots with black centres covering nearly

half the width of both webs from the shaft; the rest of the

web to the margin is brownish-red, frequently displayed

in irregular lines and blotches. It will thus be seen that,

while in some respects there is a similarity in the markings

of these feathers when compared, yet in their general appear-

ance they are very different, and, in my opinion, represent

two very distinct species. Of these one, from an unknown

locality, will remain, if it is correct to include it in the same

genus, as MRheinardtius ocellatus, while the other, from

Annam, must be known by the unfortunate tautological

name of Rheinardtius rheinardtius.

244 Dr. D. G. Elliot on apparently new

XXX.—Descriptions of apparently new Species and Subspecies

of Monkeys of the Genera Callicebus, Lagothrix, Papio,

Pithecus, Cercopithecus, Erythrocebus, and Presbytis. By

D. G. Exxiot, D.Sc., F.R.S.E., &c.

Tne various species and subspecies described in this paper

are all, with one exception, contained in the magnificent

collection of Primates in the British Museum. Some of

these new forms I saw in my previous investigations of the

collection, but did not describe them at the time, preferring

to wait until additional material, if it existed, could be

examined in continental museums.

With his usual kindness and generous method of acting

towards a colleague, my friend Mr. Oldfield Thomas repeated

the desire he expressed on a former occasion that I should

describe any example I considered to be unknown ; and it

is in fulfilment of this wish that I appear as the author of

this paper.

The collection of Primates in the British Museum, under

the wise management of Mr. Thomas, as Head of the Depart-

ment of Mammals, has increased materially during the

past two years, and in numerous genera in the number of

species and examples is probably the richest in the world,

and so offers the most favourable opportunities for critical

investigation.

The types, with one exception, the numbers of which are

given in this paper, will be found in the collection, for

future examination.

I desire, in conclusion, to express my thanks to Mr. Thomas

for his kindness and assistance afforded me in my by no

means easy task.

Family Cebide.

Genus CaLLicesvs.

Callicebus penulatus, sp. n.

Type locality. Andoas, on the Pastasa River, Ecuador.

Gen. char. Fur very long, thick, and fluffy; mantle

uniform colour, distinct from back; arms from elbows,

hands, feet, and legs above knees uniform colour.

Colour. Forehead grizzled ochraceous, the hairs black, with

ochraceous tips, this being the dominant colour; crown

and occiput rich cinnamon-rufous, this colour produced by

the tips of the hairs; mantle uniform tawny ochraceous,

extending behind shoulders; middle of back dark hair-brown,

Species and Subspecies of Monkeys. 245

grading into tawny ochraceous on the rump; flanks dark

grizzled brownish grey; hairs on ears, cheeks, arms from

elbows, hands, legs from above knees, feet, inner side of

limbs, chin, throat, and under parts of body rich dark burnt

sienna; tail very long, grizzled white and black, the orange-

buff of the basal portion of the hairs showing through,

darkest at base, and the tip buff; the rest of the tail is

tawny ochraceous like the rump.

Measurements. Total length 850 mm.; tail 520 (skin).

Skull: occipito-nasal length 29°1 ; zygomatic width 406;

palatal length 29°1 ; length of nasals 9°3; length of upper

molar series 14°2; length of mandible 41°3; length of lower

molar series 15°8.

Type. Adult, in British Museum, no. 80. 5. 6. 14.

This species differs in many ways from all the others in

the genus. It is the only one of the cuprea style with a

uniformly coloured mantle, and one so long and thick as to

resemble a mane. The red on arms and legs extends much

higher than in any other species, A single specimen was

procured by Mr. Buckley at Andoas.

Genus Lacorureix.

Lagothriz thomasi, sp. uv.

Type locality. Callanga, Cuzco, Peru. Altitude 1500 m.

Colour. Head in front of ears seal-brown ; upper parts of

body, flanks, and arms to elbow grizzled grey and ochra-

ceous, the hairs being ochraceous at base and ringed with

black and white, and tipped with white; dorsal line blackish ;

hairs on back of neck ochraceous, with a single broad sub-

terminal black band and white tip, causing this part to be

darker than tlie rest of the upper parts, excepting the dorsal

line ; forearms and legs grizzled black and tawny, the hairs

being tawny, with subterminal black bar and white tip;

hands and feet black, the hairs with tawny tips; inner side

of arms and legs and ceutral portion of chest and abdomen

black ; tail above and basal portion beneath grizzled grey

and ochraceous like back, remainder beneath black.

Measurements. Size quite equal to that of L. lagotricha,

Skull: occipito-nasal length 98 mm.; hensel 88°43; zygo-

matic width 79°4; intertemporal width 59-4; palatal

length 39°6 ; length of nasals 10°7; length of upper molar

series 24; length of mandible 78; length of lower molar

series 38°53.

Type. Adult, iu British Museum, no. 98. 11. 6. 2.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Der. 8. Vol. iv. 1s

246 Dr. D. G. Elliot on apparently new

This is a larger monkey than the next species, L. ubericola,

and fully equal in size to L. lagotricha. The type is an old

individual with the teeth greatly worn and blackened. It is

much darker than L. ubericola, and the base of the hairs

ochraceous instead of buff. There are none of the blue and

silver-grey hues so characteristic of Z. lagotricha, and the

red of Z. canus,is absent altogether.

It gives me great pleasure to name this fine species

after my friend Oldfield Thomas, Esq., Curator of Mammals

in the British Museum, who presented the type to the

Institution.

Lagothriz ubericola, sp. n.

Type locality. Barrigudo River Jurua, Upper Amazon.

Geoyr. distr. Upper Amazon, Rio Solimoens, and Rio

Jurua to Peru.

Gen. char. Colour pale; hair soft, rather short, buff at

base. :

Colour. Top of head to nape, inner side of hands, and feet

black ; upper parts of body and arms to elbows grizzled

wood-brown, with a reddish tinge on rump and thighs, the

hairs being buff at base, with a subterminal black ring and

whitish tips ; outer side of forearms iron-grey ; top of leg to

knee iron-grey, when the colour becomes blackish brown,

the hairs with yellow tips on the fingers and toes, which are

black ; flanks and sides of abdomen yellowish brown; chest

and middle of abdomen black ; hairs of tail above like upper

side of legs, tawny ochraceous with black and white rings

and white tips, beneath rufous brown at base, rest black.

Measurements. About the size of L. lagotricha, but more

slender. Skull: total length 116°65; occipito-nasal length

103; zygomatic width 65°7; intertemporal width 595;

palatal length 30; breadth of brain-case 61:5; length of

nasals 10°6; length of upper molar series 25:2; length of

mandible 69; length of lower molar series 29.

Type. Adult, in British Museum, no, 3 9. 1. 3.

The type is full-grown, but not an old animal, and differs

greatly from L. lagotricha ; and as the young of that species

resembles the adult, this one cannot be considered as repre-

senting the same species. The locality of the type is south

of the range of L. lagotricha. It is a much more slender

animal, and its very bright colour, a grizzled wood-brown,

makes it conspicuously different from all the other members

of the genus.

Species and Subspecies of Monkeys. 247

Family Cercopithecida.

Subfamily Cercoprruccry®.

Genus Papio,

Papio tessellatum, sp. n.

Type locality. Mulema, Ankole, Uganda, East Africa,

Colour. Hairs throughout on head, neck, and body seal-

brown, with a broad subterminal darkish cream-colour band

and black tip. This gives a chequered appearance to the

coat, as on the surface the cream-colour and black only

appear. Arms mostly dark cream-colour, the black tips of

the hairs forming distinct lines on the upper and lower side;

wrists and hands black, a small tawny patch on the back of

the latter; legs dark cream-colour mixed with black, the

latter showing chiefly on the lower inner side; feet black ;

tail cream-colour, the hairs being seal-brown on basal half,

remainder cream-colour to tip; upper part of throat and

sides of the head greyish white; face black.

Measurements. Total length 1400 mm.; tail to end of

hair 500; foot 210. Skull: occipito-nasal length 170;

hensel 158; zygomatic width 131°1; intertemporal width

60°9; palatal length 94; length of nasals 80; width of

brain-case 85°6 ; length of upper molar series 58°3; length

of upper canines 4371; length of mandible 150; length of

lower molar series 66.

Type. Adult male, in British Museum, no. 5, 4. 3. 1.

The type and a young animal from Rogoro which I con-

sider to be of the same species are in the collection of the

British Museum. The type is a very large animal, and its

rather unusual distribution of colours serves to make it quite

conspicuous when placed with other species of the genus.

The type was obtained by Col. G. Delmé Radcliffe, and the

Rogoro example by C. 8. Betton, Esq. The facial region of

the skull equals in length that of the brain-case ; the ros-

trum is broad and the nasals are rounded and raised above

the plane of the nose; lateral pits large and deep poste-

riorly ; a small process on the frontal ridge over each orbit

near posterior end of nasals, curving downward and inward,

and pointed; teeth large; upper canines very long and

sharply pointed.

Papio nigeria, sp. n.

Type locality. Ibi, Northern Nigeria, West Africa.

Gen. char. General colour mottled black and cream; size

18*

248 Dr. D. G. Elliot on apparently new

large; skull compared with that of P. heuglin from the

Sudan has the ridges on sides of rostrum less elevated ;

rostrum much narrower, being 39°2 to 46:2 mm.; septum

between orbits much narrower, 13 to 15°3 mm. ; lateral pit

not so deep; palate narrower; teeth much smaller and the

length of molar series shorter by nearly half the length of

posterior molar of P. heuglini.

Colour. General colour of top of head, upper parts, and

sides to ramp mixed black and cream-colour, the latter most

prominent, the hairs being purplish brown, with two bands

of cream-colour and black tip. The purple under colour

shows through the cream and black, producing a grey shade ;

hairs on rump and lower back have bands of ochraceous,

giving this part a reddish hue ; face and chin naked, black ;

throat greyish ; chest similar to back ; abdomen like rump,

bands ochraceous ; arms like back to below elbows, when

the black predominates to the wrists and hands, which

are almost entirely black; legs redder, bemg tawny on

thighs and growing lighter to the ankles, which are buff-

yellow ; feet black ; tail cream-colour and olive mixed, the

former colour predominating. Callosities large, colour lost

in the skin.

Measurements. Size equal to P. porcarius or P. doguera.

Skull: occipito-nasal length 161 mm.; hensel 153; zygo-

matic width 133 ; intertemporal width 60 9.; palatal length

97°5 ; width of brain-case 86°4; length of nasals 81:1; length

of upper molar series 53°9; length of mandible 168; length

of lower molar series 71:1.

Type. Adult, in British Museum, no. 7. 7. 8. 12.

This is a very large dark baboon, the pelage exhibiting a

mixture of cream-colour and black, with purple under colour

showing, and grading into the tawny hue of lower back and

legs. The skull shows the most trenchant characters and

is markedly different from its probably nearest ally in its

shorter tooth-row and smaller teeth. ‘Two specimeus are in

the collection.

Papio brockmani, sp. n.

Type locality. Dirre Dawa, Somaliland, East Africa.

Altitude 3500 feet.

Gen. char. Colour very different from P. abyssinicus ; in-

clined to reddish, no grey on mane. Skull, compared with

one of P. abyssinicus obtained by Riippell, has a shorter

facial region ; rounded zygomatic arches, not squared as in

the other ; straight tooth-rows and smaller teeth ; outer edge

of lacrymal from orbital ridge to root of zygoma straight,

Species and Subspecies of Monkeys. 249

not flaring outward at bottom as in the skull of the allied

species ; rostrum broader posteriorly; palate of equal width

throughout its length; orbital ridge straight, not depressed

in centre ; septum narrower; orbits more circular.

Colour.— Adult male. Face flesh-colour; callosities red ;

forehead covered with black hairs banded with white, this

colour rising in the shape of a pyramid and coming to a

point on the crown of the head; hairs on cheeks and sides

of head long, stiff, very dense, rising upwards in enormous

tufts above the head, yellowish white at base, grading into

buffy at tips; hind-neck and mantle pale reddish brown,

with a band of white, succeeded by a subterminal one of

black, and tip silvery white; towards the lower back the

colour darkens into cinnamon annulated with bands, and

with tips of a paler cinnamon; upper part of rump ochra-

ceous buff, paler than the mantle; lower rump and base of

tail silvery white; hairs on sides of lower jaw long, dense,

yellowish white ; throat more sparsely covered with hairs of

same colour; chest dark grey, hairs banded with black and

white and tipped with white ; abdomen ochraceous ; arms

and hands like forehead, grizzled, hairs banded with black

and white, and grizzled reddish, hairs banded with reddish

brown and white ; tail grizzled russet and white, tuft russet.

Measurements. Total length 1322 mm.; tail 572; foot

188; ear 59 (collector). Skull: total length 180°4;

occipito-nasal length 147-9 ; hensel 125°7 ; intertemporal

width 56°6; width of brain-case 80; length of rostrum 91:2,

width of rostrum posteriorly 46°6; zygomatic width 119-7 ;

palatal length 76°8 ; length of nasals 52°1 ; length of upper

molar series 44°6; size of last upper molar, crown, 10 x 8°5 ;

length of mandible 136°] ; length of lower molar series 57 ;

size of last molar, crown, 13°5 x 85.

Type. Adult male, in British Museum, presented by

Dr. D. Drake-Brockman. No. 9. 6.1. 1.

The type is a very fine specimen of an adult male. As

shown by the description, it differs in many ways from the

Abyssinian Hamadryas, and also from the Arabian, as the

latter seem to be nearer the Abyssinian species than to

the present one. The pale reddish mantle and parti-coloured

rump of ochraceous buff and silvery white causes it to be

very conspicuously different when placed among other

examples of Hamadryas baboons. The type was procured

by Dr. D. Drake-Brockman, after whom I have great

< Sol in naming if.

250 Dr. D. G. Elliot on apparently new

Genus PITHECUS.

This genus Pithecus was established by I, Geoffroy

St. Hilaire and Cuvier in 1795 in the ‘Magasin Encyclo-

pédique.’ In this paper seven genera were named, Pithecus

being the fourth, as follows :—‘ Genre IV° Macaque. Pi-

thecus. Museau assez court, angle facial de 50°; téte

aplatie; une créte sus-ciliere; 5 dents molaires; queue

allongé, non prenante ; des abayoues, le plus souvent des

callosités, Les guenons de Buffon & museau court et nez

déprimé ; quelques uns de ses babouins ; S. veter, silenus,

faunus, cynomolgos, sinica, &e.” This volume, being rather

rare, has been consulted by comparatively few naturalists of

the present time, and it has been contended by some that

the paper was never really published, in spite of the fact

that when cited the page number was given. Fortunately

some copies of this volume of the ‘ Magazine’ are to be

found, and in London, known to me, is one in the British

Museum, and another in the Natural History Museum,

South Kensington. It is fortunate that Pithecus can thus

be authenticated, and the barbarous term Macaca, which had

in some instances been employed, be relegated to the list of

synonyms.

Pithecus littoralis, sp. u.

Type locality. Kuatun, Province of Fokein, China.

Gen. char. General hue tawny olive and black; tail short,

bushy ; fur loose, long, soft.

Colour. Top of head and hind-neck mummy-brown speckled

with ochraceous buff; upper parts tawny olive and black,

grading into uniform russet on the rump; arms to elbows

tawny olive, paler than the back; lower arms and hands

olive-brown, speckled with yellow ; outer surface of thighs

russet ; legs and feet buff, with an olive tinge ; sides of head

tawny olive ; long brown and black stiff hairs over eyes on

the brow, inclining upward and outward on each side; entire

under parts and inner side of limbs yellowish grey; tail

above at base dark russet, darker than rump, remainder

brownish black; beneath buff-yellow; face flesh-colour,

covered sparsely with blackish-brown hairs.

Measurements. Total length 810 mm. ; tail (imperfect) 200;

from another specimen with complete tail (no. 7. 8. 8. 5) to

end of hairs 280. Skull: total length 118°6; occipito-

nasal length 102°7; hensel 79°3; zygomatic width 83°7 ;

intertemporal width 46 ; width of brain-case 64°2 ; length of

nasals 19°8; palatal length 45°5; length of upper molar

Species and Subspecies of Monkeys, 251

series 33°2; length of mandible 85:4; length of lower molar

series 37.

Type. Adult female, in British Museum, no. 0. 5. 8. 1.

There are three examples of this species in the British

Museum, all females, but agreeing in the texture and colour

of fur, two from Kuatun, and the third from the menagerie

of the Zoological Society in Regent’s Park, erroneously

attributed to Cashmere. Both the Kuatun examples have

lost a portion of their tails, but the third specimen has a tail

of normallength. In general colouring this species resembles

P. tcheliensis, Milne-Edwards,= P. lasiotis, Gray ; but the

great distance intervening between the habitats, nearly the

entire width of China, does not permit the supposition that

they can belong to the same species. I can only regard it as

the coast representative of the Szechuen species P. lasiotis,

of which P. ¢cheliensis is the female. The male of this new

form when obtained will probably be darker in colour.

Pithecus brachyurus, sp. n.

Type locality. Island of Hainan.

Gen. char. Tail not half the length of body and head ;

similar in colour to P. rhesus, but smaller, with a shorter tail

and very different cranial characters.

Colour. Top of head, nape, hind-neck, and upper parts of

body to rump speckled black and russet ; rump dark orange-

rufous ; arms and hands speckled blackish and buff, hairs

grey on basal half, this colour giving a dominant tone ;

flanks and legs ochraceous, unspeckled ; long stiff black

hairs on superciliary line; sides of head yellowish grey,

some black hairs on cheeks forming a short line beneath

eyes ; face flesh-colour, becoming blackish on lips, which are

sparsely covered with short white hairs ; chin, throat, and

under parts of body to anal region yellowish white; hairs

about scrotum and anal region orange-rufous, like rump ;

inner side of legs yellowish ; feet brownish grey ; tail above

speckled blackish brown and ochraceous, beneath paler,

Measurements. Total length 730 mm. ; tail 220; foot 135,

Skull: total length 116°1; occipito-nasal length 100; inter-

temporal width 46°3; breadth of brain-case 60 6; hensel 78:3;

zygomatic width 81°8; length of nasals 25; palatal length

42°3; length of upper canines 21; length of upper molar

series 29°8 ; length of mandible 82°2 ; length of lower molar

series 36°6.

Type. Adult male, in American Museum of Natural

History, New York, no, 27.577.

252 Dr. D. G. Elliot on apparently new

This Macaque, while having a general resemblance to

P. rhesus of India, differs in various ways from that species.

The tail is much shorter and the colouring on the rump and

about the scrotum much brighter. The cranial characters

differ widely. The orbital ridge is rounded, not depressed

and flattened, and consequently there should be an absence

of the scowling look so often seen in adults of P. rhesus.

Another character that instantly attracts the eye is the

greater width and lateral swellings of the rostrum of the

Indian species, the Hainan animal having a rather long

rostrum for its width, with the sides descending rather

abruptly from the nasals. The orbits of P. brachyurus are

eircular, those of the allied species oblong ; the brain-case of

the Hainan Macacque is somewhat more bulging posteriorly

and the palate is deeper and narrower ; the bulle are shorter

and wider, while the tooth-rows of upper jaw are nearly

straight aud the teeth much smaller; the mastoid width

much less, aud the mandible having proportionately greater

depth and less expansion at coronoid processes. This com-

parison is made between two skulls of males of about the

same age.

Several specimens of this Macaque were received by the

American Museum in a collection from the Island of Hainan.

On examining the specimens in New York I was satisfied

that they represented a species distinct from P. rhesus, but

not having any examples of that animal for comparison, I

preferred to wait until the two species could be brought

together. Dr. Allen selected three which the Museum

forwarded to me in London, and after comparing these with

skins and skulls of P. rhesus in the British Museum, the

distinctness of the Hainan Macaque was demonstrated.

Pithecus validus, sp. n.

Type locality. Cochin China, exact locality unknown.

Gen. char. Body stout, heavy; limbs short ; tail not quite

so long as the body. Skull with facial region almost as

long as the brain-case; rostrum longer than wide; palate

long and narrow; tooth-rows . straight; sagittal crest

present ; second upper molar largest; last lower molar with

prominent posterior cusp; mandible heavy, comparatively

massive for its length; canines stout.

Colour. Middle of crown, nape, line over eyes, and line on

sides of head black speckled with buff; rest of crown and

entire upper parts Prout’s brown washed with olive, grading

to raw umber on sides and arms, and all speckled with buff ;

Species and Subspecies of Monkeys, 253

outer side of thighs olive speckled with buff ; rump and legs

below knees greyish olive speckled with buff; sides of head

and neck olive-grey ; under parts of body and inner sides of

limbs greyish white; feet olive-brown speckled with buff ;

tail above black on basal half, grading into blackish brown

on the rest, beneath pale yellowish olive; face flesh-colour.

Measurements. Total length 1030°3 mm.; tail 465; foot

125 (skin). Skull: total length 125°3; occipito-nasal

length 103°6; hensel 849; zygomatic width 82°35; facial

length 78°9; width of brain-case 57; greatest width of

rostrum 38; length of nasals 35°5; palatal length 50°7;

length of upper molar series 30-2; length of mandible 93:2;

length of lower molar series 36°9; depth of jaw beneath

second molar 23°38.

Type in British Museum, uo. 81. 6. 30. 2.

The unique type of this very unusually coloured Macaque

is stated to have come from Cochin China, no particular

locality in that country being specified. In its peculiar brown

and olive-yellow speckled fur it more nearly resembles the

long-tailed species P. irus of the Malay Peninsula, Burma,

&e., but is a much more powerful animal, has not any

reddish brown on the head, and a much shorter tail; in fact,

it does not resemble closely any described species of

Macaque at present known to me.

Pithecus alacer, sp. n.

Type locality. Bliah, northern point of Kundur Island.

Gen. char. General colour much paler than the examples

from Singapore and Bintang Islands, approaching nearer

to those from Karimon Island, but paler; skull and teeth

more like the dark Macaque from Singapore Island. Fur

long, soft; tail as long as body. ‘looth-rows straight.

Eyelids flesh-colour,

Colour. General colour hazel on dorsal region, grading to

raw umber or tawuy olive on sides, the hairs on back being

grey at base, then blackish brown, and then banded with

black and tawny ochraceous, while the hairs on flanks are

grey, banded with ochraceous buff; the hairs on head and

nape are black at base, then orange-ochraceous, and tipped

with black; narrow line above eyes grizzled grey ; numerous

stiff black hairs behind the g:ey line, the longest hairs

standing out from the head on each side ; face and cheeks

covered with very short grey hairs; sides of head yellowish

white, hairs long and directed forward and upward ; upper

side of arms and hands cream-buff, the hairs being purplish,

254 Dr. D. G. Elliot on apparently new

with cream-buff tips; upper side of thighs like back; rest

of legs yellowish grey; feet olive-brown; under parts of

body and inner side of limbs yellowish white; tail above

black, speckled with white for three-fourths the length, and

then grading into hair-brown, tuft at tip bistre, beneath

pale reddish brown ; eyelids and patch over eyes flesh-colour.

Measurements. Total length 794 mm. ; tail 361 ; foot 125;

ear 383 (collector). Skull: total length 110°6; occipito-

nasal length 92:7 ; hensel 72°7; intertemporal width 41:1;

zygomatic width 72:8; greatest width of brain-case 58 ;

palatal length 73:5 ; length of nasals 24°8; length of upper

molar series 26°1 ; length of mandible 79; length of lower

molar series 33.

Type in British Museum, no. 9. 4. 1. 36.

This Macaque exhibits an entirely differently coloured

pelage from the Singapore species, and one much nearer to

the Kuruman and Sumatran forms, while the skull in its

characters is closer to the Singapore animal. In colour it is

reddish brown, duller in hue than the Macaques from either

of the islands above named. ‘The affinities of these monkeys

from the various islands of this archipelago are rather diffi-

cult to understand, and why their colouring should be similar

in Kundur and the islands to the south as far as Sumatra,

and the cranial characters should so nearly agree with the

Singapore species, separated as it is by intervening islands

inhabited by an allied but different form, is difficult to

explain. It would be practically useless to theorise upon

this condition of things, although in ornithology a similar

state of affairs exists among some genera of birds in the

Eastern Archipelago, such as Pitta; but in the case of the

Macaques these animals are probably in process of change

influenced by their insular habitats, though these islands are

but short distances apart, and it is rather difficult to appre-

ciate how great these influences may be. At present we

only know that material differences do exist, and of such

importance as to compel us to regard the individuals from

the various islands as possessing characters so unreconcilable

with each other as to prevent us from believing them all to

belong to one and the same species.

Pithecus karimoni, sp. n.

Type locality. Monos, eastern coast of the island of

Karimon.

Gen. char. Similar in colour to P. fascicularis of Sumatra,

and its skull nearer to that species than it is to those of

Species and Subspecies of Monkeys. 255

the Macaques from Kundur or Singapore, its neighbours.

Facial portion of skull shorter than brain-case ; teeth large ;

tooth-rows curved very slightly ; second and third molars

much longer than first in both jaws ; orbital ridge broad and

long; rostrum short and broad; brain-case broad and

rounded. Pelage moderately long, smooth; tail about

equal in length to body; forehead above eyes to hair flesh-

colour,

Colour.— Male. General hue tawny ochraceous, reddish on

head and neck, dorsal region darkest and becoming more

yellow on the sides, the hairs on back being purplish grey

at base, then banded with tawny ochraceous and black, and

the hairs on flanks yellowish grey banded with white; outer

side of arms grizzled grey, hairs being grey banded with

black and cream-buif; hands and fingers black, covered with

yellowish-white hairs; outer side of thighs like back, legs

bluish grey ; under part of body and inner side of limbs

greyish white ; tail grizzled black and white above, brownish

grey beneath ; feet brownish grey.

Young females are lighter in colour, some being a pale

reddish hue.

Measurements. Total length 206 mm. ; tail 432; foot 152;

ear 35 (collector). Skull: total length 111°6; occipito-

nasal length 92°5; hensel 75°2; zygomatic width 769;

intertemporal width 38°7 ; width of brain-case 54°7 ; greatest

width of rostrum 388°4; length of rostrum 40; palatal

length 41:7; length of nasals 17°5 ; length of upper tooth-

row 27°7; length of mandible 79°7; length of lower tooth-

row 35°6.

Type in British Museum, no. 9. 4. 1. 34.

This Macaque, while resembling its relative in colour of

pelage from Kundur next to it on the south, agrees in its

crania} characters with those of P.fascicularis from Sumatra,

a rather inexplicable fact in both cases of this species and

the one from Kundur skipping the island nearest to it, and

agreeing more nearly in the cranial characters with the

species farthest from it on the north and south,

Pithecus letus, sp. n.

Type locality. Island of Tingi, South China Sea, off

south-east coast of Malay Peninsula.

Gen. char. Colour similar to, but paler than, that of

P. karimoni and its allies; tail longer than head and body.

Skull with facial length nearly equal to that of brain-case ;

teeth moderately large, canines very long ; bony crest for

256 Dr. D. G. Elliot on apparently new

nearly the entire length of brain-case ; tooth-rows slightly

curved; last lower molar nearly one-third longer than

second molar, and with six well-developed cusps.

Colour. Forehead flesh-colour. General hue wood-brown,

with a reddish tinge, brightest on head, where the hairs are

purplish on basal half, then banded with ochraceous, the

bands lighter in hue on lower back and rump, where they

become cream-buff; space above eyes flesh-colour (yellowish

in skin), stiff black hairs on edge of forehead ; nose and lips

covered witlr very short iron-grey hairs; sides of crown and

head whitish grey ; hairs turning upwards in front of ears;

outer side of arms and hands greyish cream-colour; legs

whitish grey ; feet brown, covered with whitish-grey hairs ;

chin broccoli-brown ; rest of under parts and inner side of

limbs yellowish white; tail above black on basal half,

remainder bluish grey, beneath pale drab-grey.

Measurements. Total length 975 mm. ; tail 550; foot 129

(collector). Skull: total length 114°7 ; occipito-nasal

length 98°8; hensel 76:3; zygomatic width 80°3 ; inter-

temporal width 41:4; width of brain-case 57°7; length of

rostrum 41°6; width of rostrum, beneath orbit 32:1, at

jaw 39°1; palatal length 42°9; length of nasals 18°1;

length of upper molar series 30; length of canines 25°2 ;

length of mandible 87:4; length of lower molar series 68°7.

Type. Adult, in British Museum, no. 9. 4. 1. 21.

This is a much paler Macaque than any of the other

island forms described, with pale yellowish-grey arms and

whitish-grey legs. The general colour of the top of head

and nape at a little distance is ochraceous, contrasting

rather strongly with the reddish wood-brown of the back.

The skull is rather large and heavy, more like that of

P. fascicularis of Sumatra than of any of the Macaques

described from the other islands. Two specimens from

Tioman Island, north of Tingi, are much darker in colour,

but as they present no cranial difference from Tingi skulls,

I have not separated them, though the colouring of the fur

is quite different.

Pithecus dollmant, sp. n.

Type locality. Changi Island, off south-eastern part of

Singapore Island.

Gen. char. Resembling in colour the next species, P. bin-

tangensis, but much larger and with different cranial cha-

racters. Skull longer and heavier; width across orbital

ridge greater; intertemporal width greater ; brain-case

Species and Subspecies of Monkeys. 257

longer and broader ; zygomatic arch less rounded anteriorly ;

rostrum wider than long; incisor teeth much larger ; tooth-

rows curved, not straight ; basioccipital much wider ; lower

molars smaller; ascending ramus of mandible wider; upper

and lower tooth-rows much lounger.

Colour. Patch above eyes flesh-colour. General hue

burnt umber, as in P. bintangensis, and hairs banded in the

same way with tawny ochraceous; top of head redder than

in the species compared, the arms more thickly speckled

with yellow and the legs much paler, a smoke-grey instead

of iron-grey ; tail black above, silvery grey beneath ; rest of

pelage like P. bintangensis.

Measurements. Total length 977 mm.; tail 573 ; foot 135;

ear 34 (collector). Skull: total length 110°8; occipito-

nasal length 942; hensel 78°35; zygomatic width 73°2;

intertemporal width 42°1; greatest width of brain-case 57°1 ;

length of orbital ridge 53-9; greatest width of rostrum 35 ;

length of rostrum 35°9; length of nasals 24; palatal length

39 ; length of upper tooth-row 29°1; length of mandible 79°2 ;

length of lower tooth-row 37°4.

Type in British Museum, no. 9. 4. 1. 20.

With the exception of a redder head and hind-neck and

paler legs, the present species and the one from Bintang

Island resemble each other in colour ; but P. dollmani is a

larger and finer animal and has very different cranial

characters, as shown above.

It gives me much pleasure to name this handsome

Macaque after Mr. G. Dollman, Assistant in the Mammal-

ogical Department of the British Museum, who has been of

the greatest aid to me in my investigation of the Primates

in the collection of the Institution.

Pithecus bintangensis, sp. nu.

Type locality. Sungei Biru, north-east part of island of

Bintang.

Geogr. distr. Islands of Bintang and Batam.

Gen. char. General hue dark burnt umber ; facial region

three-fourths the length of the brain-case; septum very

narrow ; outer edge of zygomatic arch straight, sloping

slightly inward posteriorly to root of zygoma; greatest

width of rostrum equal to its length; tooth-rows straight ;

teeth of moderate size; width of palate about equal through-

out its length; brain-case balloon-shape, much constricted

at intertemporal region, bulging posteriorly.

Colour.— Male. Patch above eyes flesh-colour; general

258 Dr. D. G. Elliot on apparently new

hue above burnt umber on head and upper parts, the hairs

being slate-grey and banded on apical half with tawny ochra-

ceous and black; narrow line over eyes blackish grey;

numerous long stiff black hairs standing erect over fore-

head, producing an indistinct black line on each side;

nose covered with short grizzled black and white hairs ;

sides of face buffy, sides of head from below ears and on

cheeks with long greyish hairs banded with white and pro-

jected forward, forming bushy whiskers ; outer sides of arms

and thighs iron-grey, hairs banded with cream-buff; legs

below knees iron-grey; under parts and inner side of limbs

greyish white; hands and feet iron-grey, speckled with

cream-buff like limbs; tail above black, sparsely speckled

with white, beneath silver-grey.

Female. Upper parts russet, speckled with cream-buff ;

arms and hands blackish, speckled with cream-buff; thighs

like back, legs olive-grey ; feet and toes black, covered with

grey hairs ; tail like that of the male.

Measurements. Total length 964 mm.; tail508; foot 117°5;

ear 29 (collector), Skull: total length 105°5; occipito-

nasal length 85°5; hensel 735; zygomatic width 725;

intertemporal width 37°1 ; width of brain-case 549 ; length

of orbital ridge 45:4; greatest width of rostrum 38°5 ; length

of rostrum 38°5 ; length of nasals 24°4; palatal length 446 ;

length of upper tooth-row 26°7 ; length of mandible 80°8 ;

length of lower tooth-row 35.

Type in British Museum, no. 9. 4. 1. 23.

There is a great difference in the colouring of the sexes of

this species, the female being much lighter and redder, and

this difference is exhibited in very young males, which are

as dark as the adult males. This species appears also to

be a resident of Batam Island. Unfortunately only females

were procured there, but they closely resemble the females

from Bintang Island. Of course, adult males, when ob-

tained, may possess different cranial characters, and possibly

also coloration, for it seems to be the fact, so far as our

material enables a judgment to be formed, that the various

islands possess distinct forms ; but at present the examples

are not sufficient for a decision to be arrived at, and we must

regard the examples from the two islands as the same.

Genus CERCOPITHECUS.

Cercopithecus insolitus, sp. n.

Type locality. Northern Nigeria.

Gen. char. Reddish brow-band ; upper parts black

speckled.

Species and Subspecies of Monkeys. 259

Colour. Hairs on forehead ochraceous rufous and black

over nose, where it is deepest in colour, paler towards sides ;

superciliary stripe beneath the red line black, but rather

indistinct at sides; head black, speckled on crown with

ochraceous, slightly paler than the frontal band; hairs over

temples black, rather long, directed backward and passing

over the ears; hair on cheek directed backward under and

behind ears, black speckled with yellow; occipital region

with but very few yellow speckles ; entire upper parts of

body greyish black, minutely spotted with cream-buff ; flanks

greyish black, faintly speckled with white ; arms and hands

black, unspeckled ; legs black, speckled with cream-buff on

upper part of thighs, and with white lower down to ankles ;

feet black; chin, throat, chest, anal region, inner side of

arms to elbows, and thighs to knees whitish yellow ; abdo-

men grey, with a yellow tinge ; tail above at base like back,

grading into black speckled with white, and then into jet-

black on apical fourth; beneath yellow, speckled at base,

then profusely speckled with white, causing the midway

section to appear quite grey; tip black.

Measurements. Total length 1060 mm.; tail 680; foot

115. Skull: brain-case broken ; only the rostrum, zygo-

matic arches, and mandible remaining. Width of orbits

at inner edge 43°4; length of nasals 143; zygomatic

width 55:4; palatal length 24-6; length of mandible 24:3.

Type in British Museum, no. 62. 7. 17. 3.

The type is a young animal, but quite different in appear-

ance to any of the known species, so different, in faet, that

it is difficult to assign its proper place in the genus, for, like

C. Phoesti, it does not seem to have any near allies. The

unique type was obtained in Northern Nigeria by the

expedition under Dr. Baikie.

Cercopithecus tantalus griseistictus, subsp. n.

Type locality. Bambara, Welle River, Monbuttu Country,

Central Africa.

Gen. char. Similar to C. t. budgetti on upper parts, but

hands and feet grizzled grey, with fingers and toes silvery

ey.

acer: Face and chin black, paler around eyes; nose,

fore part of cheeks, lips, and chin covered with short black

hairs ; broad white brow-band of stiff erect hairs, with a

narrow line in front between eyes of stiff black hairs ; some

long stiff black hairs from corner of eyes directed backward

and lying between whiskers and hair of head ; top of head,

260 Dr. D. G. Elliot on apparently new

the hairs are black from root and tipped with ochraceous,

this being the dominant colour on head; back of neck

and upper parts of body grey, speckled with yellow and

black ; dorsal line, lower back, and rump darker, speckled

with black and buff; shoulders like upper back ; outer side

of arms and hands, legs, and feet grey, speckled with black

and white; the arms near shoulders and thighs near hips

speckled with yellow and black; whiskers very long, ex-

tending beyond and hiding the ears, yellowish white, some

of the upper hairs banded with black on apical portion ;

sides of neck, throat, and entire under parts of body and

inner side of limbs greyish white ; scrotum surrounded by

rufous hairs; flanks paler than upper parts, hairs speckled

with yellow and black; tail above speckled yellow and black

for half the length, rest broccoli-brown; no tuft. Iris

brown.

Measurements. Total length 1290 mm.; tail 720; foot

135 (skin). Skull: total length 113-2; occipito-nasal

length 95°5; intertemporal width 44°7 ; hensel 40°5 ; zygo-

matic width 77:5 ; breadth of brain-case 56:4; length of

nasals, 21°2; palatal length 40°3; length of upper molar

series 27°8 ; length of canines 21°3; length of mandible 82:1;

length of lower molar series 346.

Type in British Museum, no. 7. 7. 8. 2.

This race resembles C. ¢. budgetti in the colouring of the

upper parts, but differs in having the grey hands and feet of

C. tantalus. From the latter species it differs in cranial

characters. When two old male skulls are compared, that

of the present race is seen to be much longer in every way :

wider orbits and brain-case, but narrower rostrum ; inter-

temporal width greater; nasals much longer; zygomatic

width greater ; palate longer; tooth-rows of both jaws longer

by the width of the first premolar ; and bulle much longer

and more elevated. In fact, the cranial characters are so

different it is not worth while to compare them. The upper

parts, as in C. ¢. budgetti, are much darker than in

C. tantalus.

Cercopithecus rubellus, sp. n.

Type locality. Fort Hall.

Gen. char. General hue reddish, no white on under parts.

Colour. Brow buffy white, black on lower edge; face

brownish black; hairs on upper lip to below eyes, and chin,

black ; top and back of head speckled black and ochraceous,

latter colour most prominent ; entire rest of upper parts of

body tawny, with rather indistinct black speckling, tawny

Species and Subspecies of Monkeys. 261

being the prevailing hue; flanks paler, a rather bright

ochraceous of uniform shade; no annulations; outer side

of arms above elbows mixed grey and cream-buff ; forearms

pale grey, with black annulations on hairs; outer side of

legs grey, with tawny hairs intermingled near hips, and

black annulations on hairs; side of head, whiskers (which

are directed backwards, covering ears), throat, inner side of

arms, and legs pinkish buff; abdomen and anal region cream-

buff; tail above tawny and black, like back, growing darker

and merging into black on apical portion, beneath rufous

patch at root, then ochraceous grading into tawny at tip ;

hands and feet black.

Measurements. Total length 1260 mm. ; tail 740; foot 150

(skin). Skull: total length 92:2; occipito-nasal length 81:8 ;

intertemporal width 44°7 ; hensel 65; zygomatic width 67°6;

breadth of brain-case 53°8; length of nasals 16°4; palatal

length 30°9 ; length of upper molar series 22°6; length of

upper canines 16; length of mandible 68°2 ; length of lower

molar series 30.

Type in British Museum, no. 6. 2. 1. 1.

The general appearance of this species is that of a reddish

monkey, quite different in colouring from its paler relatives

of the C. centralis style. It is nearer to the animal from

Portuguese East Africa, which has been accepted as repre-

senting C. rufoviridis, but differs from that species in its

pinkish-buff whiskers, throat, and general colour of the

under parts and in its jet-black hands and feet.

A number of specimens from Fort Hall are in the British

Museum. Unfortunately there are no skulls of the C. e.

johnstoni specimens, so | can make no comparison between

it and the present species.

Cercopithecus pogonias pallidus, subsp. n.

Type locality. Gaboon, West Africa.

Gen. char. Similar to C. greyi, but paler beneath, no

uniform black on rump, hairs speckled like back to root of

tail.

Colour —Female. Forehead like that of C. greyi; upper

parts of head, hind-neck, and between shoulders redder,

speckled buff-yellow and black, the buff-yellow being the

dominant colour and giving the tone to all this part ; upper

parts of body to tail much redder, speckled ochraceous

rufous and black, becoming darker towards root of tail,

where the speckling is less; flanks grey, speckled on apical

half of hairs with yellow and black ; outer sides of arms and

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol, iv. 19

262 Dr. D. G. Elliot on apparently new

hands black, speckled with cream-colour ; legs pale grey,

speckled with white ; feet, posterior half speckled grey and

white, anterior half and toes black ; whiskers yellowish grey,

annulated at tips with black and yellow ; tail above black,

beneath yellowish with black mixed and grading into black

towards the tip ; ear-tufts buff.

Measurements. Total length 1295 mm.; tail 705 ; foot

115 (skin). Skull: total length 90; occipito nasal length

78:3; intertemporal width 37-6; hensel 54°8; zygomatic

width 56°2; width of brain-case 511; length of nasals 16°5 ;

palatal length 31; length of upper molar series 23; length

of mandible 56°3 ; length of lower molar series 26°7.

Type in British Museum, no. 86. 6. 7. 2.

The specimens from the Gaboon are much paler than

those from the Benito River, even when examples of the

same sex arecompared. The head, upper part of back, legs,

and under parts of body are much paler in their several

colours, and the dorsal region is paler and brighter, appearing

more red, and there is an absence of clear black at root of

tail, the speckling of the back continuing to the tail. There

exist several points of difference in the character of the

erania, which if sustained by a number of individuals would

be sufficient to give to this form specific rank. On com-

paring the skull of the type with that of a female from

the Benito River, the great difference in the superior outline

is at once observed. In the Gaboon skull there is an abrupt

rise of the frontal from the posterior base of the orbital

ridge, with a gradual curve to the fronto-parietal suture, and

the line then descends rapidly to the interparietal suture,

and then drops at a rore than a 45° angle to the occiput.

The skull of the Benito River female has a flat frontal, on

a line with the orbital ridge and descends much more

rapidly from the fronto-parietal suture to the occiput ; the

auterior portion of the nasals in the type is nearly at a

right angle to the posterior portion, the projecting forward

occurring about midway the length, causing the narial

opening to be horizontal save for its anterior third; the

rostrum of the Gaboon specimen is narrower, the palate

narrower and deeper, the molar series longer by the width of

a tooth; zygomatic arches of a different shape, those of the

Benito River examples are straight for nearly their whole

length, while those of the type curve inward rapidly ante-

riorly. Even comparing the skull of a male from the Benito

River with that of the type of CU. p. pallidus the much higher

elevation of the frontal bone in the latter is remarkable,

and the more prominent anterior portion of the nasals is

conspicuous.

Speetes and Subspecies of Monkeys. 203

Cercopithecus sticticeps, sp. u.

Type locality. N’dongo-leti, on the Upper Ubangui River,

Central Africa.

Gen. char. No solid black on top of head or hind-neck, all

speckled.

Colour. Band of rather stiff hairs standing upright over

the eyes, black banded with white; top and sides of head,

back and sides of neck, upper parts of body and flanks

speckled buff and black; chin and throat greyish white ;

under parts smoke-grey, apical half of hairs banded with

black and white; tail at base speckled buff and black like

back, then for rest of basal half above speckled black and

white, beneath at base black, faintly speckled with white,

rest of basal half paler, more of a brownish hue; apical half

above and beneath jet-black ; large white spot on nose.

Measurements. Total length 1345 mm. ; tail 830 ; foot 125,

No skull.

Type in the British Museum, no. 7. 7. 8. 5.

A single specimen obtained by the Alexander-Gosling

Expedition ; it differs markedly from C. nictitans in having

no solid black hairs on the head or neck, and in having

them speckled with buff and black instead of white and

black, and, in certain lights, in having a greenish tinge

on the dorsal region. The sex of the specimen is not

known.

Cercopithecus silaceus, sp. n.

Type locality. South bank of the Loangwa River, Angoni-

land, British Kast Africa.

Geogr. distr. Loangwa River to Angola, West Africa,

Gen. char. General hue yellowish green speckled with

black, and yellow on the fianks with distinct black

speckling.

Colour. Greyish white brow-band mixed with black on

hairs over nose and at each end ; hairs on forehead standing

upright, speckled with black and tawny, the latter being the

prevailing colour; dorsal region from nape to tail speckled

black and buff-yellow, the black being equally prominent

with the lighter colour, especially on dorsal line from be-

tween shoulders and on lower back and rump, making these

parts darker; back beneath shoulders on either side of the

dorsal line, and flanks, buff-yellow, annulated and tipped

with brownish black, the lighter colour, however, predomi-

nating to the extent of giving all these parts a yellowish

appearance; shoulders darker than flanks, but not so dark as

19*

264 Dr. D. G. Elliot on apparently new

dorsal line, the hairs speckled ochraeeous and black; outer

side of arms and legs grey, speckled on arms above elbows

and on thighs with cream-colour and black, and on fore-

arms and legs below knees with black and white; wrists

and hands black, speckled with white ; feet grey and black

speckled, toes brownish black with some white hairs inter-

mingled ; whiskers long, directed backwards hiding the ears,

cream-colour annulated with black; face, lips, and chin

covered with short brownish-black hairs; sides of neck,

throat, inner side of limbs, and entire under parts white ; tail

above for three-fourths the length speckled cream-colour and

black, rest jet-black, underside with a rufous patch at root,

rest whitish grey, becoming buff on apical part, the extreme

tip only being black.

Measurements. Total length 1190 mm.; tail 730; foot

125. Skull: total length 1032 ; occipito-nasal length 87 ;

intertemporal width 429; hensel 72; zygomatic width ;

72:9; width of brain-case 57°75; length of nasals 1671;

palatal Jength 38°3; length of upper molar series 25;

length of upper canines 15°5; length of mandibles 74°7 ;

length of lower molar series 30°8.

Type in British Museum, no. 7.1.11. 1.

There are three specimens of this species in the British

Museum—one from the east bank of the Loangwa River,

collected by Mr. 8. A. Neave at an altitude of 2000 feet, and

one from Limondi on the boundary between the English

and Portuguese territories; and one from north Basilimdo

Chiyaka District, Angola, West Africa, collected by Dr. F.

C. Wellman. They closely resemble each other, and give

the impression of a yellow monkey speckled on head, middie

of back, and rump with black, but the annulations rather

indistinct on flanks. By having the red patch beneath the

tail at the root, the species evinces a relationship to

C. pygerythrus, but it bears no resemblance whatever to that

animal in its general] coloration, and, in fact, is far too much

of a yellowish hue to be compared with any other species of

the genus. It doubtless is a dweller in the forests on the

watershed from the Loangwa westward to Angola. It is a

large ——- animal, with rather short limbs and long

tail.

Genus ErytHROcEBUS.

Erythrocebus formosus, sp: 0.

Type locality. Uganda, particular locality not given, East

Africa,

Y @ +aPe oere”

jas ao

yor * we oF

Species and Subspecies of Monkeys. 265

Gen. char. Similar to E. pyrrhonotus, but with a much

darker rump and tail; more black on shoulders, and under

parts of body buff-pink with a yellow line down centre instead

of white.

Colour. Head, face, and checks like 2. pyrrhonotus, with

white patch on end of nose; the black brow-line is not dis-

tinct between the eye and ears, and turns up over the crown

from the outer corner of the eyes as in the allied form; top

of head foxy red; head above ears, nape and hind-neck,

and shoulders ochraceous buff, hairs yellow-tipped ; lower

back to rump and flanks pinkish, hairs tipped with yellow,

this colour giving a yellow hue to allthe upper parts; rump

vinaceous rufous, grading into bay at tail and hips; sides of

neck and chest lemon-yellow, some hairs tipped with black ;

outer side of arms lemon-yellow; inner side of arms and

the hands white; under parts of body buff-pink, with a

yellow line down centre of belly; chin, throat, and centre

of chest white, this hue narrowing to a point on lower part of

chest as it is encroached upon by the lemon-yellow colour

from each side; outer side of thighsin front to knees like

rump, on sides pale yellow, below knees the legs and feet are

white ; inner side of thighs and legs greyish white ; tail bay,

slightly paler at tip.

Measurements. Total length 1410 mm. ; tail 740; foot

145 (skin). No skull.

Type in British Museum, no. 9. 2. 21.2.

This is a large species resembling E. pyrrhonotus on upper

parts, except on rump, which, with the tail, is much darker,

in fact quite a different colour; the thighs also are not like

those of its relative, and the sides of neck and arms are

lemon-yellow, quite different from the grey chest and

yellowish-white arms of the allied species ; the under parts

of the body are altogether different, a colour difficult to

describe, but which I have called “ buff- pink.”

The only species of Erythrocebus dwelling near E. formosus

is E. baumstarki from Masai Land, but as that animal has

no black on brow or head it cannot even be comparable with

the present species.

Erythrocebus albigenus, sp. 0.

Type locality. Egyptian Soudan, exact locality not

known.

Gen. char. Black brow-band extending from corner of eye

to crown, not to ear; thighs mostly white ; hairs on hind-

neck and shoulders very long, mane-like. “= a798

266 Dr. D. G. Elliot on apparently new

Colour.— Adult male. Face and nose black ; narrow line

on edge of upper lip white; black brow-band mixed with

white over eyes, turning upwards at corner of eyes and

encircling the crown; uo black line from eyes to ears;

crown foxy-red, rest of head and hind-neck tawny ochraceous,

hairs with a subterminal yellow band and black tips ; dorsal

region dark ochraceous rufous, becoming a bright bay on

flanks and rump; hairs tipped with golden, only occasionally

one with a black tip; shoulders covered with long black

hairs annulated with cream-colour; sides of face white ;

whiskers and sides of neck white tinged with yellow ; inuer

and outer sides of arms white; upper part of thighs near

hips bright bay like rump, rest of thighs and legs on inner

and outer sides white; feet yellowish white ; chin, throat

and chest white; middle of abdomen pale yellow ; tail above

bay, beneath yellowish white.

Measurements. Total length 1070; tail imperfect 430;

foot 140 (flat skin). Skull: total length 135 ; occipito-

nasal length 114; intertemporal width 47°3; hensel 94°7 ;

zygomatic width 80; breadth of brain-case 59°3; length of

nasals 25:2; palatal length 47-7; length of upper canines

34-7 ; length of upper molar series 29°7 ; length of mandible

81°8; length of lower molar series 36°6,

Type in British Museum, no, 8.6. 15.1.

This species is distinguishable from EF. poliopheus by

having white forearms, no black line from eye to ear, and

the unspeckled deeper colour of the upper parts of the body

and rump. The skull is much longer and narrower, the

second molar larger, the last molar and second premolar

smaller than the corresponding teeth in EL. poliopheus.

Genus PReEsBytTIs.

Presbytis nudifrons, sp. n.

Type locality. Bejalong, Sarawak, North-east Borneo.

Gen. char. Bare spot on forehead similar to that of

P. frontata, but divided in the middle by a line of short

black hairs running through forehead to end of nose, these

hairs growing towards each other from each side and forming

a low ridge where they meet ; crest equally long throughout

its length from forehead to nape, the hairs turned forwards ;

no brown colouring on any part of the pelage. Skull

without the high forehead of P. frontata, the frontal being

only slightly raised, and the superior outline posteriorly

descending rapidly to the occiput.

+ aad

Speetes and Subspecies of Monkeys. 267

Colour. Face flesh-colour, forchead orange-yellow ; eyelids

black ; line of short black hairs across forehead and down

nose; hairs on upper lip and cheeks black, those from the

latter very long and extending to the neck; hairs from

corner of the eyes and those from forehead black, very long

and directed backward on sides of the head joining on

temples ; hairs on centre of head to nape very long, erect,

directed forward forming a crest, sepia in front, grading to

slate-grey on hind-neck; entire upper parts and sides of

body slaty grey; outer side of arms to below elbows like

upper parts; forearms, hands, legs, and feet black ; throat

white ; under parts of body brownish grey; inner side of

arms to below elbows, and inner side of legs to near ankles,

greyish white, darkest on legs below knees ; tail above and

beneath black at base, remainder silvery grey tinged with

brown.

Measurements. Total length 1170 mm.; tail 645; foot

160 (skin). Skull: total length 98°5; occipito-nasal

length 87°7 ; intertemporal width 48°1; hensel 38°9 ; zygo-

matic width 71°8; width of brain-case 55°5; length of

nasals 12; palatal length 26:7; length of upper molar

series 25; length of upper canines 16; length of mandible

15:9; length of lower molar series 29.

Type. Adult male, in British Museum, no. 4. 2. 9.1.

This species is found on the opposite side of Borneo from

that in which P. frontata dwells. It has a squarish, not

triangular bare place on the forehead, but divided in this

species by a line of short hairs. In colour the two forms are

entirely different ; none of the adults or young in the British

Museum of P. frontata exhibit the colouring of the present

species,

Presbytis melamera, sp. 0.

Type locality. Cadu Ciaung, Bhamo, North Burma,

Gen. char. Resembles P. obscura, but legs uniformly sooty

or blackish brown; hair long, thick, soft; head without

crest.

Colour. Long hairs on forehead directed upward and

forward, and with hairs on cheeks framing the face, black ;

hair on back of neck long, extending on to the back, drab-

grey, but not forming a conspicuous patch as in P. obscura ;

dark hairs on head aud back mingling with the light ones ;

top of head, sides of body and rump, shoulders and outer

side of arms and legs to wrists and ankles, blackish brown;

dorsal region more reddish brown and paler than the flanks ;

268 Dr. D. G. Elliot on apparently new

whiskers long, blackish brown, hairs with pale tips; chin

white ; under parts, inner side of arms and thighs sparsely

covered with whitish hairs ; inner side of legs below knees

similar to upper parts but paler ; tail blackish brown at base

grading into greyish brown, and with a white patch at base

of tail beneath ; face brownish, with space around eyes

apparently red ; cheeks and sides of upper lip covered with

black hairs; upper lip in the centre beneath nose covered

with short white hairs.

Measurements. Total length 1210 mm.; tail 750; foot

150 (skin). Skull: total length 91°5; occipito-nasal

length 80°3; intertemporal width 43°5; breadth of brain-

case 56°8 ; hensel 60; palatal length 27-1; length of nasals

10°8 ; length of upper molar series 26:1; length of mandible

644; length of lower molar series 32°38.

Type in the British Museum, no. 88. 12. 1. 64.

This monkey, which resembles somewhat P. obscura, is

easily distinguished from it by having the thighs coloured

like the upper parts of the body, by the absence of a con-

spicuously defined nuchal patch, and by the dark tail. The

hair is much less silky in texture, and more suitable for the

less temperate climate of the more northern region in which

it dwells. The unique type was procured by L. Fea, and

presented to the British Museum by the Marquis Doria.

Presbytis nubigena, sp. n.

Type locality. Keka, Malacca.

Gen .char . Eyelids, lips, and chin fiesh-colour, face

brownish black. General colour very dark above, top of

head black ; under parts light ; hair radiating from a central

point on the crown; short occipital crest.

Colour. Long black hairs on forehead directed outward ;

top of head black, hairs greyish and white at base; neck and

entire upper part of body, outer side of arms, Prout’s brown,

wrists aud hands black ; outer side of thighs greyish white ;

from hips to below knees on middle of thighs ruus a brownish-

black line, much mixed with brownish-grey hairs near hips,

feet blackish; hairs irom eyes across temples seal-brown ;

whiskers beneath these hairs yellowish grey; sides of neck,

chin, throat, inner sides of arms and Jegs, under parts of

body and fianks greyish white; tail Prout’s brown on basal

half, grading into blackish brown for the remainder.

Measurements. '‘lotal length 1190 mm.; tail 700; foot

180. Skuil: total length 90; occipito-nasal length 74:2 ;

intertemporal width 40°83; breadth of brain-case 54 ;

—_—™ °°»

Species and Subspecies of Menkeys. 269

hensel 62°2 ; zygomatic width 67°6; length of nasals 11°5 ;

palatal length 30 ; length of upper molor series 27-9; length

of mandible 68:4; length of lower molar series 31°9.

Type in British Museum, no, 79. 11. 21.595.

Several specimens of this species from the southern part

of Malacca are in the British Museum, resembling each

other in colour, much darker than examples from the Straits

Settlements and lower part of the Peninsula, and more like

P. obscura, but without the nuchal patch and not so dark in

colour. ‘These examples had gone heretofore under the name

of albocinereus, Desmarest; but that supposed species was

stated to be on the upper parts, including “ épaules, flanes,

face externe du haut des bras et des cuisses, d’un GRIS CLAIRE ;

milieu du dos d’un gris un peu plus foncé,” which in nowise

describes any Sumatran Presbytis I have ever seen, and

comes nearer to P. ayyula from Java than any other.

Eydoux and Souleyet in their work on the voyage of the

* Bonite’ describe and figure a monkey under the name of

albocinereus, Desmarest, but which agrees in no respect with

the description that author gives of his species, and is evi-

dently the Semnopithecus obscurus Reid described in 1837,

four years previously. These authors state that Desmarest’s

specimen was still in the Paris Museum, but as they do not

say it was the original of the figure in their plate, they must

have had it drawn from another specimen, not the type.

Now, rather in contradiction of Messrs. Eydoux and Souleyet,

comes forward Isidore Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, who, in his

Catalogue of the Primates, 1851, p. 12, under Semnopithecus

obscurus makes the following statement regarding the

S. albocinereus of Eydoux and Souleyet: “ Décrits et figurés

dans la relation du voyage de la Bonite sous le nom de

Semn, albocinereus les Auteurs ayant cru retrouver dans cette

espéce le Cercop. allo-c nereus de M. Desmarest, espéce établis

sans doute par suite d’une confusion de notes, et qui est a

retrancher.’ ‘The italics are mine. No mention, of course,

is made, after the above statement, of any specimen which

had served as Desmarest’s type being in the Museum, as he

did of otbers throughout his catalogue that were still in the

collection, and if it had been preserved he would certainly

have known it, and we must therefore presume that Messrs.

Eydoux and Souleyet erred when they stated that the type of

albocinereus was in the Museum, ‘The matter then resolves

itself into this, that Demarest’s description of albocinereus

does not apply to any known species of monkey in Sumatra,

nor can it, with any certainty, be given to auy monkey from

any other locality, and is therefore, in the absence of any

270 Dr. D. G. Elliot on apparently new

type, indeterminable, and the name albocinereus, if not

dropped from our list, must remain in abeyance until some

Sumatran monkey is found answering to the description

given by Desmarest. Scklegel in the ‘Museum des Pays-

Bas,’ Singes, p. 12, made an attempt to revive the name,

but unfortunately mixed different species from Malacca and

Sumatra in his comparisons, and failed to produce an animal

resembling albocinercus, Desmarest. Failing, therefore, to

acquire the right to bear the name given by Desmarest,

certain Malaccan forms heretofore passing under the name

of albocinereus will have to be christened anew, of which the

first is the dark monkey from Southern Malacca, and another,

the next species, from the southern end of the Peninsula,

which leads on to the island forms called respectively

P. rhionis aud P. cana.

Presbytis dilecta, sp. un.

Type locality. Selangore.

Gen. char. Hairs radiating from a point on the forehead ;

general hue of body pale; thighs white with dark stripe

from near hip over knee to ankle; tail moderately long.

Colour. Brown superciliary stripe turning backward over

temples at corner of eyes; face black ; eyelids apparently

flesh-colour ; crown greyish brown, hairs whitish at base ;

occiput, hind-neck, upper parts of body, shoulders, outer

side of arms to elbows and flanks, drab; outer side of fore-

arms greyish brown, grading into black on wrists ; an indis-

tinct purplish-grey stripe on flanks above the greyish white ;

thighs white tinged with grey and with a brown stripe from

near hip over knee to near ankle, darkest at knee, where it is

blackish brown, gradually fading away toward hip and ankle ;

ankles and feet black ; chin, sides of neck, throat, inner side

of limbs, and under parts of body greyish white ; tail above

like back, grading into dark brown with whitish hairs inter-

mingled on apical half, beneath greyish white at root,

remainder like upperside.

Measurements. ‘Votal length 1120 mm.; tail 620; foot ©

150 (skin). Skull: total length 89°5; occipito-nasal

length 77°7; intertemporal width 43°5; hensel 58°7; zygo-

matic width 70°38; breadth of brain-case 50°3; length of

nasals 69; palatal length 25°2; length of upper molar

series 2]°2 ; length of mandible 542; Jength of lower molar

series 27.

Type in British Museum, no. 89. 5. 14.1.

This is a pale species of a drab colour with very white

thighs both on outer and inner sides. It differs from

Species and Subspecies of Monkeys. 271

P. rhionis in its pale legs and general colour of the upper

parts, and from /’. cana by lacking the pale occipital crest

and black legs.

Presbytis margarita, sp. n.

Type locality. Lang Bian, Annam.

Colour. Forehead covered by long, stiff, erect black hairs ;

whiskers disected backwards, long, extending far beyond the

ears, greyish white ; space around eyes pale, apparently flesh-

colour in life; rest of face black, with a line of whitish hairs

on upper lip; a bar of silvery white hairs goes on each side

of the head from above and behind ears to the occiput, where

they meet and form a point at the nape; top of head, entire

upper parts of body, outer sides of arms to elbows, and legs

from hips to ankles, except from edge about kuees which is

black, bright bluish silvery grey, the hairs being bluish grey

from the root and tipped with silvery white ; forearms, hands,

and feet jet-black ; chin, throat, under parts of body and

inner side of arms and legs sparsely covered with white

hairs; flanks paler silvery grey than the upper parts; tail

silvery grey.

Measurements. Total length 1315 mm.; tail 775; foot

127 (skin). Skull: total length 91°6 ; occipito-nasal

length 77 ; intertemporal width 40°1 ; width of brain-case

52:4; hensel 56; zygomatic width 61°5; length of nasals

11°6; palatal length 28°6 ; length of upper molars series

27°7; length of mandible 61°4; length of lower molar

series 32°3.

Type in British Museum, no. 8. 11.1.5.

This is a very handsome monkey with its brilliant pearl-

grey shining pelage, quite different from any other species

of the genus. The colouring varies greatly according to the

light, which sometimes casts shadows on the grey that are

almost black in their intensity. The unique type was

obtained in Annam by Dr. Vassal.

Presbytis crepuscula, sp. n.

Type locality. Mooleyit, British Burma. Altitude 5000

feet.

Gen. char. Hair on head long, but no elevated crest ;

colour pale; tail long; stiff hairs above eyes, erect in the

centre, standing out at right angles on sides.

Colour. Eyelids and upper lip flesh-colour ; forehead and

temples black; rest of head above, nape and hind neck,

shoulders and arms to elbows on outer side, entire upper

272 ~ Dr. D. G. Elliot on apparently new

parts of body and flanks drab-grey, palest on dorsal line and

darkest on flanks, where in certain lights the hair becomes a

drab without the grey tint, varying, however, as the light

falls upon it; forearms, in the type, a very old male, on

outer side dark greyish brown, on inner edge the arms are

covered with russet hairs that extend downward over the

hands, faded from the original black ; feet brownish black,

but overlaid with russet hairs; space above eyes, eyelids,

and upper lip flesh-colour, probably orange-yellow in life ;

face black, covered with short black hairs ; whiskers long,

extending beyond the ears, black, grading into drab-grey

towards the tips; chin whitish; inner side of arms olive-

grey tinged with buff; under parts of body greyish white

tinged with buff; tail above brownish olive-grey, beneath

olive-grey.

Measurements. Total length 1160 mm.; tail 620; foot 150

(skin). Skull: occipital region gone; intertemporal width

45°1; zygomatic width 81:4; breadth of brain-case 60;

length of nasals 11°5; palatal length 32:7 ; length of upper

molar series 2771 ; length of upper canines 19°4; length of

mandible 75; length of lower molar series 33°7.

Type in British Museum, no. 85. 8. 1. 11.

There are two specimens in the British Museum, both

males and from the same locality, but the type alone has

russet hairs on the arms, hands, and feet. The other male

is a beautiful drab-grey above and on the limbs, with

hands and feet brownish black, this colour extending slightly

on outer side of forearms above the wrist; the tail is silver-

grey with a slight olive tinge. The russet hairs seen on the

type are probably the result of age. It is a very handsome

species in its attractive Quaker dress.

Presbytis crepuscula wroughtoni, subsp. n.

Type locality. Pachebon, Siam.

Gen. char. Forehead and temples not black; hands and

feet not jet-black ; upper parts generally paler than P. crepus-

cula, more silvery.

Colour. Space above eyes and lips flesh-colour ; rest of

face blackish brown; a line of stiff black erect hairs above

eyes ; top and sides of head wood-brown; whiskers reaching

beyond ears wood-brown ; hind-neck, upper parts of body,

and arms to elbow silvery drab-grey, varying in depth

according as the light falls upon it, but always paler and of

a different hue from P. crepuscula ; forearms brownish grey,

grading at wrist into blackish brown on hands speckled with

Species and Subspecies of Monkeys. 273

whitish from tips of hairs ; legs paler silvery drab-grey, the

outer edge over knees brownish ; feet blackish brown; tail

silvery grey on basal half, grading into brownish grey for the

remaining portion to tip; chin, throat, and ab lomen white ; ;

rest of under parts, chest, and inner side of limbs dark drab-

grey.

Measurements. Total length 1250 mm. ; tail 800 ; foot 150

(skin). Skull: total length 90; occipito-nasal length 88°5 ;

intertemporal width 67:2; length of nasals 102; palatal

length 25°7 ; length of upper molar series 25 ; length of

upper canines 15°3; length of mandible 65:5; length of

lower molar series 311.

Type in British Museum, no. 61. 10. 8. 1.

This race resembles P. crepuscula, but is easily distin-

guished by its brown head and the lighter more silvery hue

of the fur.

I have great pleasure in naming this race after Mr. R. C.

Wroughton, well known for his papers in conjunction with

Mr. Oldfield Thomas on African and Asiatic mammals.

Presbytis lania, sp. nu.

Type locality. Chumbi Valley, Thibet.

Gen. char. Hair long, thick, woolly, inclined to gather

in masses, especially on upper back and shoulders; size

large.

Colour. Head and hind-neck yellowish white; sides of

head pure white; upper part of back and shoulders sepia ;

flanks and upper part of arms pale brownish grey ; upper

parts of legs paler, more silvery grey ; hands black; chin,

throat, under parts of body, and inner side of limbs yellowish

white ; tail above like back, paler, more whitish beneath.

Measurements. Size about the same as P. schistacea.

Skull: total length 125°3; occipito-nasal length 102-7 ; inter-

temporal width 50°8; breadth of brain-case coed, hensel

88°3; zygomatic width 102°5 ; length of nasals 12 : palatal

length 49°3 ; length of upper molar series 444.

Zype in British Museum, no. 9. 7.16. 1.

‘The unique type of this new form was lately received by

the British Museum, through the Bombay Natural History

Society, from Chumbi, Thibet. It is a female, with the

feet and most of the tail wanting. It is remarkable for its

woolly coat, quite unlike the pelage of P. schistacea. It

probably represents a species dwelling among the higher

mountains to the north of the Himalaya, whose coat has

been modified to enable the animals to successfully withstand

274 On a new Species of Monkey.

the low temperature of those elevated regions. The skull

is generally larger than that of a female of P. schistacea.

It is broader across the orbits, and the orbits themselves are

much larger and the orbital ridges greatly arched; the

rostrum is broader at base, the palate is longer and its roof

flatter ; the orbital ridge more prominent, and the depress‘on

of the frontal beneath the ridge much greater, and the brain-

case is broader. Unfortunately the posterior portion of the

skull of P. schistacea is lacking and a comparison posterior

to the pterygoids cannot be made; the skull of P. lania

indicates a larger animal, but it is impossible to say, with the

imperfect material known at present, whether this is an

individual trait or a specific character.

XXXI1.—Description of a new Species of Monkey of the

Genus Cercopithecus. By D.G. Exiior, D.Sc., f.R.S.E.,

&e.

Cercopithecus insignis, sp. n.

Type locality. Congo Forest, West Africa.

Gen. char. Fur long, loose, rather fluffy ; taillong; colours

bright.

Colour. Broad brow-band, cheeks, and whiskers (the latter

reaching to behind ears) yellow; face blackish; nose bluish

white ; lips covered with white hairs; top of head to nape,

band across back at base of neck, shoulders, arms, hands,

front of thighs from hips over knees, and feet black; entire

upper parts from neck to tail, flanks, and under parts from

throat to vent, and inner side of thighs dark orange; tail at

base reddish brown, grading into black on apical half; chin

and upper part of throat white.

During a late visit to the Antwerp Zoological Gardens I saw

this monkey, and recognized at once that it represented a

new species, quite unlike any of the genus Cercopithecus

known. I then stated my opinion to M. L’Hoest, the

Director, who, in the most generous spirit, requested me to

describe it, and I regret very much that, on account of a

Cercopithecus Vhoesti existing to-day, 1 am unable to name

this fine species after him; but I take this opportunity to

thank him for the facilities given me to examine the fine

series of Primates in the Gardens.

C. instgnis, as the description shows, is a beautiful animal,

On new New-Zealand Coleoptera. 275

uite unlike any other, but probably has a greater affinity

for C. moloneyi, but is very different from that species. It

was very active and constantly in motion, making a careful

description difficult. M. L’Hoest informed me that it came

from the Congo, but could give no exact locality.

XXXII.—Descriptions of new Genera and Species of New-

Zealand Coleoptera. By Major T. Broun, F.E.S.

[Concluded from p. 161.)

Group Cossonide.

Pentarthrum dubitans, sp. n.

Subcylindrical, subopaque, sparingly clothed with slender

inconspicuous greyish hairs; piceous, legs and antenne

rufo-piceous.

3d. Rostrum more than half the length of thorax, mode-

rately broad for two-thirds of its length, very obviously

constricted midway between the antennal insertion (just

behind the middle) and the eyes; its punctuation rather

close and distinct and becoming twice as coarse between the

eyes ; vertex smooth and shining and sharply limited in

front, so that the eyes are quite prominent behind. Scape

short, stout, and thickened at the extremity; funiculus

longer, second joint very slightly longer than third; joints

3-5 short and gradually incrassate, so that the suboblong

club is not well marked off. Thorax one-third longer than

broad, gradually narrowed anteriorly, obtuscly rounded near

the base, sharply constricted near the apex, which is smooth

in front but closely and finely punctate behind; disk con-

vex, rather coarsely and closely punctured, rather more

closely and finely near the base. Scutel/um small, smooth.

Elytra parallel-sided, posterior margins distinct and thick

but not explanate; they are distinctly punctate-striate

throughout, the punctures rather close yet distinctly sepa-

rated ; interstices narrow, with minute distant serial punc-

tures. Legs stout; tarsi narrow, third joint not lobate or

expanded, claws minute,

9. Underside shining, coarsely but not closely punctured,

with some slender yellowish hairs; metasternum with a

rather fine median groove; basal ventral segment only

slightly impressed, its hind suture indistinct, the base of

276 Major T. Broun on new Genera and

segments 3-5 so punctured as to appear serrate in front.

Rostrum almost as long as that of the male, more than half

its thickness, cylindric, more sparingly and finely punctured,

not perceptibly constricted behind; antenual insertion be-

hind the middle.

P. porcatum, Sharp, differs im having the thoracic con-

striction distant from the apex, by the absence of pubescence

and interstitial punctures, &c. In P, antennale, also from

the neighbourhood of Invercargill, the male may be distin-

guished by the yellow hairs on the elytra, which may be

seen with any good lens, by the rather longer and narrower

rostrum not being abruptly and deeply constricted, by the

slightly more expanded apical margins of the elytra, and by

the more slender scape. The female has the rostrum longer,

the antenne more shining red; the thorax is more finely

punctate at the apex,so that there is no smooth space there,

and the elytral margins are broader behind. P. crassellum,

from Picton, a female, has a rather thicker rostrum, shorter

scape, and broader elytral margins. These are the nearest

allies.

Length 1%; breadth quite 3 line.

West Plains, Invercargill. Mr. A. Philpott.

Pentarthrum planicolle, sp. n.

Elongate, subdepressed, nearly glabrous, moderately nitid;

piceo-rufous, elytra and legs paler, almost brick-red.

Rostrum half the length of thorax, gradually and slightly

contracted behind, a little arched above; distinctly, finely,

and not closely punctured, with a narrow smooth space

near the middle; the head similarly sculptured but smooth

behind. Eyes rather small, not prominent, lateral. Antenne

medially inserted; scape rather long, slightly flexuous,

incrassate at extremity; funiculus stout, joints 2-4 about

equal, fifth obconical ; club oblong-oval, pubescent, articu-

late. Yhorax rather longer than broad, broadly rounded,

briefly narrowed at base, more gradually towards the front,

which is constricted at the sides only; disk somewhat

flattened and obsoletely impressed along the middle, its

punctuation not coarser than that of the head in front,

rather coarser but not at all close near the middle, much

closer at the sides. Scutelium small, smooth. Llytra

somewhat wider than thorax at the base, very gradually

and slightly narrowed posteriorly, apical margins not dilated;

distinctly but not coarsely punctate-striate, the sutural

strize most evident ; interstices moderate, with minute serial

i‘) =.

Species of New-Zealand Coleoptera. 277

punctures and, in some lights, appearing slightly rugose.

Legs moderately stout ; tarsi with slender grey sete, third

joint a little dilated and bilobed.

Var. Rostrum, thorax, and femora piceous, elytra piceo-

rufous; thorax not all impressed along the middle.

T. punctirostre has more prominent eyes, its rostrum is

broader throughout and more densely sculptured, its thorax

is quite evidently impressed medially, the body is entirely

darker and bears perceptible greyish pubescence. P. brevi-

rosire has a parallel-sided opaque rostrum and distinctly

shorter hind-body, and the frontal constriction causes a

distinct transverse impression on the thorax. ‘The elytral

sculpture is very similar to that of P. planico/le, but the

insect itself is smaller, 1} line; it is, nevertheless, the

nearest ally.

dg. Length 13; breadth @ line.

Southland. One male seut by Mr, A. Philpott.

Rhinanisus gracilis, sp. n.

Slender, depressed, elongate, sparingly clothed with slender

inconspicuous yellowish hairs, moderately shining; ferru-

gineous, base of elytra more or less dark fuscous, antenne

and tarsi paler red.

Rostrum shorter than thorax, moderately stout, narrowed

behind, very distinctly and finely punctured in front ; scrobes

deep, oblique, beginning just before the middle. Head as

broad as front of thorax, distinctly and closely punctate, the

back shining and apparently smooth. Eyes subrotundate,

rather large but not prominent, coarsely facetted, distant

from the thorax and each other. Thorax evidently longer

than broad, its sides moderately rounded, a good deal nar-

rowed anteriorly and constricted, sometimes deep!y and

abruptly, near the apex; disk apparently flat, broadly im-

pressed from the basal margin to the frontal constriction,

distinctly and moderately finely punctured, but rather

coarsely and closely near the sides. Sculel/um minute,

smooth. Elytra broader than thorax at the base, sub-

parallel, curvedly narrowed behind; regularly striate-punc-

tate, the sutural strie distinct behind, the third interstices

somewhat thickened and acutely bent at the apex and pro-

longed forwards along the sides; dorsum plane, the inter-

stices with minute serial punctures. Legs moderately stout ;

femora medially dilated ; basal three joints of tarsi of nearly

equal length, with very long, slender, outstanding grey

sete; third joint a little expanded, deeply excavate above,

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 20

278 Major T. Broun on new Genera and

with indistinct lobes, the terminal rather longer than the

basal three combined.

Scape moderate as to length, stout, subclavate at the

extremity. Funiculus 5-articulate, basal joint obconical,

much stouter and longer than second, which is shghtly

longer than the third, jomts 3-5 subquadrate ; club oblong-

oval, with yellow pubescence.

Underside shining brick-red, basa] two ventral segments

darker ; distinctly yet finely but not closely punctured, with

minute pubescence; the suture between the intermediate

cox extremely fine and straight. The metasternum very

elongate, flat, with a linear impression extending more than

halfway towards the front, in the female much shorter.

Basal ventral segment rather larger than second, broadly

impressed, the suture very fine. ;

2. Rostrum more slender and finely sculptured, its sub-

parallel frontal half evidently broader than the basal.

Much more slender than previously described species, of

a paler red, but with the elytra more or less darkened near

the base.

¢. Length 1}-1}; breadth 2 line.

Broken River. A good series found by Mr. J. H. Lewis.

Rhinanisus elongatus, sp. n.

Angustate, elongate, subdepressed, subopaque, sparsely

clothed with minute greyish sete; piceo-rufous, antenne

and tarsi obscure rufo-testaceous or pale ferrugineous.

2. Rostrum shorter than thorax, widest at apex, very

slightly, hardly appreciably, dilated at the poimt of antennal

insertion just behind the middle, its basal portion evidently

contracted ; it is finely but distinctly punctate. Head much

narrowed anteriorly, rather coarsely, closely, and somewhat

rugosely punctured, the usually smooth hind portion mi-

nutely coriaceous and distantly punctate. yes rather flat,

with coarse facets. Thorax much longer than broad, gradu-

ally narrowed from near the base to the apical constriction,

close to the base the sides are rather abruptly and obliquely

narrowed ; disk longitudinally depressed, distinctly but not

closely punctured, the sides more coarsely and quite closely,

the middle of apex impunctate. Scutel/um small and smooth.

Elytra rather wider than thorax at the base, very elongate

and parallel, just visibly uarrowed near the extremity; the

dorsum not quite flat, evidently striate-punctate, the punc-

tures quadrate or oblong, with short intervals, striate at

apex ; third interstices bent there but only minutely elevated,

Species of New-Zealand Coleoptera, 279

all with distant, minute serial punctures and transversely

rugose.

Scape moderately elongate, stout, only a little thickened

apically; basal joint of funiculus stout, longer than broad,

subtriangular, second slightly longer than third; fourth and

fifth transverse; club oblong-oval. Legs stout, the tibial

hooks well developed ; third tarsal joint slightly expanded

and lobate, with distinct slender grey sete.

@. Rostrum thickened and more coarsely sculptured ;

antennal insertion at, or immediately before, the middle.

The specimen mutilated.

The female of R. parvicornis (913) most nearly resembles

this species, which latter, however, is larger, more elongate,

and darker; the eyes are not at all prominent and not easily

distinguishable from the punctuation of the head.

?. Length is breadth quite } line.

Ashburton. I extracted one pair from the mandibles of

a Trichoslernus antarcticus which was sent to me several

years ago by Mr. W. W. Smith.

Rhinanisus subconvexus, sp. n.

Rufous, slightly tinged with piceous, tarsi and antenne

paler, moderately nitid.

This species is evidently smaller and paler than R. elon-

gatus, and though somewhat similar to R. gracilis as regards

size and colour is less depressed than it is, with the rostrum

and antenne shorter, and differently sculptured. From

R. parvicornis it may be at once separated by an examination

of the thoracic sculpture; this, however, is the nearest

species.

Rostrum distinctly shorter than thorax, its basal portion

evidently narrower than the anterior, distinctly punctate.

Head with distinct, not close, and rather shallow punctures.

Eyes very slightly convex. Scape short, a good deal in-

crassate apically ; second joint of funiculus very little longer

than third; club oblong-oval. Thorax hardly at all depressed,

finely but not closely punctured on the middle, more dis-

tinctly but not closely near the sides ; in shape like that of

R. parvicornis. Scutellum small and smooth. Elytra but

little depressed, parallel-sided, striate-punctate, the intervals

between the punctures nearly as long as the punctures

themselves ; interstices with fine distant punctures, scarcely

at all rugose; apical sculpture a little indistinct.

The pale yellowish hairs, though slender, are quite percep-

tible with a good lens. oe

280 Major T. Broun on new Genera and

d. Length 1}; breadth nearly } line.

Otara, Southland. One example from Mr. A. Philpott.

Rhinanisus suturalis, sp. n.

Elongate, slightly nitid, sparsely clothed with slender

greyish sete, rufo-piceous, antennz and legs infuscate red.

9. Rostrum moderate, contracted behind the middle,

rather finely punctate, not closely or rugosely. Head glo-

bose below, narrowed anteriorly, not closely or coarsely

punctured. yes nearly flat, with coarse facets. Antenne

implanted immediately before the middle, where the rostrum

is very slightly dilated ; scape moderately long and stout,

very eradually incrassate; basal joint of funiculus nearly

the length of the following two combined, second slightly

longer than third, fifth broader than fourth, as wide as the

base of the club, which is oblong-oval and slightly acumi-

nate. Thorax nearly twice as long as broad, its sides

slightly rounded, gradually narrowed towards the well-

marked frontal constriction; disk unimpressed, distinctly

but not closely or coarsely punctured even near the sides,

the intervals smooth and shining, almost smooth and swollen

at the apex. Scutellum small and smooth. Elytra sub-

parallel, distinctly striate-punctate, the intervals sometimes

quite as long as the punctures; interstices with minute

distant punctures, the third a little incrassate and bent

towards the sides at the apex; the suture is slightly

elevated.

Legs normal, third tarsal joint but little expanded or

lobed ; the tarsi setose underneath, as in R. gracilis.

Underside moderately glossy, very scantily and finely

clad; the metasternum and basa] two ventral segments

distinctly but not closely punctured, the second about one-

half shorter than first; third and fourth transversely punc-

tured at the base; rostrum densely minutely asperate, and

with two slender longitudinal carine.

6. Dark ferrugineous. Rostrum more expanded in front

with slightly coarser sculpture. Elytra a little more rugose.

One specimen.

This somewhat resembles R. cheesemani, which, however,

is more glossy, brighter in colour, and has the apical portion

of the thorax in front of the constriction nearly twice as

long, and the sides almost quite regularly rounded; the

underside also eee

?. Length 13; breadth } line.

Totara, Suiklind One “of each sent by Mr. A. Philpott.

“

-_ «z

Reis =~

Species of New-Zealand Coleoptera. 281

Group Cerambycide.

Aimona sublineata, sp. n.

Elongate, subparallel, slightly nitid, ferrugineous; thorax

rather darker; elytral vestiture pale yellow, that of the legs

and antenne much finer and greyish, the fine golden pubes-

cence concentrated near the eyes and on the scutellum.

Head narrowed anteriorly, covered with yellow hairs ex-

cept on a triangular space behind, which has a few fine

punctures. Thorax elongate, cylindric; the disk pubescent,

the middle with a linear longitudinal elevation which is

more or less intersected by short transverse rug ; the lateral

punctuation is close and distinct, and extends a little over

the disk so as to be quite discernible from above ; the frout

is almost without sculpture, lytra slightly broader at the

base than at the rounded apices, closely and somewhat

rugosely punctured, more finely towards the extremity.

Prosternum with a smooth, transverse, almost linear, space

in front, elsewhere closely and distinctly punctured. Supple-

mentary ventral segment not notched. Antenne reach

backwards to the extremity of the body.

Allied to 4’. mutica.

2. Length 6; breadth 14 line.

Karori, Wellington (Mr. G. V. Hudson). A single male.

Group Lamiide.

Somatidia websteriana, sp. n.

Subovate, convex, slightly nitid, variegate.

Head excavate and intensely black between the eyes;

vertical in front, reddish, and covered with fine grey pubes-

cence. Antenne reaching backwards beyond the hind

femora, pale ferrugineous; the basal four joints marked with

grey pubescence, the fifth with the apical half fuscous ; they

bear numerous distinct but not very long sete ; fourth joint

about a third longer than the preceding one. Thorax

strongly rounded laterally, the middle widest ; distinctly and

rather closely punctured, rather more finely at the sides;

near the middle of the disk there are two slightly raised

smooth spots; the pubescence fine and greyish, but quite

yellow in front of the scutellum, E/ytra as wide as thorax

at the base, oviform; disk uneven, with coarse irregularly

placed punctures; near each side, not far from the base,

there are two rounded nodosities ; just behind these, but

nearer to the suture, are two rather more elongated elevya-

282 Major T. Broun on new Genera and

tions ; there are two more on the summit of the hind slope,

but further from the suture than the middle pair; lower

down there is another pair, almost united to an elongated

elevation on each elytron, near the apex; the derm is glossy

brown on the disk, but near the hind slope appears greyish,

owing to the fine pubescence there ; immediately behind this

the pubescence is dark, but the lower part of the declivity

and the sides are mottled with grey and ash-coloured

pubescence.

Femora clavate, fuscous ; pubescence grey ; tibie yellow,

but fuscous near the base.

This should be placed near S. costifer (2272), which is

considerably larger, and bears on each elytron a costa which

extends from the middle and is bent at the base, so as to

join the raised and thickened suture.

Length 2? ; breadth 1} line.

Hokianga. One found at Opononi, when accompanied by

Mr. John Webster, in whose honour it is named. This

distinction is conferred so as to place on record the name of

one of those courageous northern pioneer settlers who are

now fast passing away.

Somatidia heterartha, sp. D.

Small, slightly shivimg; piceous; antenne and legs

rufescent, not variegated ; tarsi testaceous; sparingly clothed

with slender but quite perceptible greyish pubescence; the

hinder pairs of tibize along the outer face more coarsely

pilose and darker; the intermediate pair more evidently

emarginate than the posterior.

Head moderately convex, its deflexed forehead abruptly

truncate in front. Thorax widest before the middle, where

it is rounded, considerably narrowed behind, with a minute

spme at each side behind the middle; the surface rather

coarsely punctate, but without inequalities. E/ytra mode-

rately convex, less coarsely punctured than the thorax, the

sutural region and apex more finely and distantly.

Antenne stout, reaching backwards to the top of posterior

declivity ; basal joint stout, second small and subquadrate,

third about as long as the following three or four conjointly,

fourth unusually abbreviated, but little longer than broad ;

remaining joints just oblong.

The small size, unicolorous body, and remarkable antennze

differentiate this from previously described species.

Female less coarsely sculptured and rather dull.

Length 13 ; breadth 3 line.

Broken River. Both sexes from Mr. J. H. Lewis. — ~

Species of New-Zealand Coleoptera. 283

Somatidia testacea, sp. n.

Subopaque, only moderately convex, rather broad, testa-

ceous ; pubescence fine, decumbent, and similar in colour to

the derm ; femora and antennz a little rufescent; on the

summit of the hind slope, on each elytron, there is a narrow

fuscous fascia, not attaining the suture and bent backward

at the side.

Thorax widest near the front, moderately rounded laterally

and only moderately narrowed behind ; the disk slightly

flattened, its punctuation coarse but rather shallow. E/ytra

of exactly the same width as thorax at the base, considerably

broader at the middle, much narrowed behind; they bear

four minute crests, one pair before the middle, the other on

top of the declivity ; punctuation not close, only moderately

coarse, and irregular.

Antenne unspotted, not coarsely pubescent; third joint

about a third longer than fourth ; joints 5-11 each nearly as

long as the fourth; they extend backwards just beyond the

top of the declivity. Legs stout, normal.

Allied to S. picticorne, but the coloration and general

appearance are materially different.

Length 24-2} ; breadth 1-1} line.

Totara, Southland. I am indebted to Mr, A. Philpott for

my two specimens.

Somatidia sericophora, sp. n.

Convex, much contracted medially ; the head, thorax,

legs, and antenne nearly ferrugineous ; elytra zeneo-fuscous ;

a broad, irregular, postmedian fascia and a large space at

each side of the posterior declivity pale testaceous ; tibize

and tarsi testaceous.

Thorax broad, subovate, much contracted towards the

base, finely yet distinctly, but not at all closely, punctured,

except just at the apex, the intervals very minutely sculp-

tured, without lateral denticles, sparingly clothed with fine,

silky, yellow hairs. Elytra elongate-oval, much narrowed

towards the base and apex; each with two series of fine

rather distant punctures near the suture and continued to

the apex ; there are a few more fine punctures towards the

sides.

Antenne stout, pubescent, nearly attaining the hind

thighs ; basal joint elongate, subovate ; second much smaller

than any of the others ; third equalling the following three

combined, and almost reaching the base of thorax ; joints

4-10 subequal,

284 Major T. Broun on new Genera and

This comes near S. ptinoides ; it is, however, nearly twice

as large, and is distinguishable by the more scanty punctua-

tion on the thorax, particularly behind the middle, and by

the relatively shorter and thicker basal joint of the antenne.

Length 2; breadth ? line.

Broken River; one. Another discovery by Mr. J. H.

Lewis.

Somatidia lineifera, sp. n.

Body moderately elongate and convex, not abruptly

narrowed medialJy, subopaque, dark fuscous ; yellow pubes-

cence forms a broad, curvate, median fascia, which extends

backwards and expands so as to cover each side of the hind

slope; there are, however, several dark spots amongst the

pubescence; similar pubescence is less distinct near the

base ; the femora, knees, and most parts of the tibiz are

rufo-fuscous, the rest of these Jast and the tarsi are testa-

ceous ; antenne not maculate, rufescent, with outstanding

slender greyish sete.

Head distantly punctate, with a distinct sulcus along the

middle. MYhorax broadest before the middle, with a denticle

at each side, a good deal narrowed behind; its surface

distinctly and moderately closely punctured, the pubescence

distinct, somewhat fulvescent. E/ytra elongate, oviform,

rather thickly pubescent, and bearing elongate variegate

sete ; they are rather closely punctured near the shoulders,

distantly elsewhere. Antenne reach just beyond the top

of the declivity ; third joimt just passes the base of

thorax, so that it is longer than the following two taken

“together.

Similar to S. signatus, in which, however, there is a slender

raised line along the middle of the thorax, which is best seen

when examined from behind. S. lineifera can be separated

by the dark groove on the head.

Length 22; breadth 1] line.

Ashburton. One from Mr. W. W. Smith.

Hybolasius varipes, sp. n.

Elongate, subdepressed, rufo-piceous, rather densely clothed

with decumbent griseous pubescence ; the legs and antenne

with long, outstanding, slender sete.

Head short, vertical, and setose in front, the upper central

groove distinct. Zhorar moderately transverse, finely and |

closely sculptured, more deeply constricted behind than in

front ; lateral tubercles large, occupying nearly half of each

Spectes of New-Zealand Coleoptera. 285

side, but not acutely produced, the pair of small discoidal

tubercles placed before the middle, longitudinal groove

slender. Scufellum broad, bordered with dense, minute,

whitish pubescence. L/ytra slightly broader at the shoulders

than the middle of thorax, almost straight at the sides for

half their length, afterwards curved but not abruptly

narrowed to the apex; their punctuation is distinct, some-

what irregular, but not close, and does not reach the extre-

mity; the basal two crests are well developed; «n elevation

on each, approaching the suture, behind, extends from the

hind thigh to the posterior slope; the suture is speckled ;

the apices are narrowed and individually rounded, so as to

be dehiscent.

Antenne somewhat mottled with ferrugineous and grey ;

seventh joint extending just beyond the elytral apices ; basal

joint elongate and pyriform; second small and transverse ;

third and fifth nearly equal; fourth almost double the length

of fifth. Legs variezated, base of femora pale chestnut-red ;

tibie slightly incurved.

The elytral punctures, though not coarse, cause a some-

what spotted appearance ; the pubescence near each shoulder

is faintly tinged with green; the two hind pairs of tibiz are

viridescent ; the insect itself, however, is much more slender

than H. viridescens, and has tapering elytral apices.

Length 23-24; breadth ? line.

Broken River. 1 am indebted to Mr. J. H. Lewis for a

pair.

Group Eumolpida.

Eucolaspis plicatus, sp. n.

Convex, subovate, rather broad, shining, nude; head,

thorax, and apices of elytra fusco-testaceous ; elytra fusco-

piceous ; the palpi, legs, and basal four joints of antennze

testaceous ; remaining joints rufo-testaceous.

Head distantly and moderately coarsely punctured; clypeus

deeply incurved ; eyes large and very prominent. Thorax

strongly transverse, apex truncate; base broadly rounded,

widest near the middle, its sides rounded; anterior angles

depressed but rectangular, posterior slightly projecting; the

disk closely and finely punctured, more coarsely towards the

sides ; a short space across the base nearly smooth, but with

a close series of minute punctures along the basal margin.

Scutellum oblong, smooth. Elytra rather coarsely but not

closely punctured, rather more finely and closely near the

base ; on the hinder portion of each elytron there are two

286 Major T. Broun on new Genera and

strie near the suture, and a still shorter third one; the

shoulder is elevated and smooth, and from it two smooth

plicee or obtuse ridzes, with a deep distinctly punctured stria

between them, extend backwards almost to the apex.

Undersi/e piceous, sparingly and finely punctured and

pubescent. .

It should be placed near E. subeneus.

Length 2; breadth nearly 1} line.

Kaitoke and Pakuratahi, Wellington. One example from

Mr. G. V. Hudson.

Atrichatus nitidulus, sp. n.

Conver, oblong-oval, shining, glabrous; elytra and legs

fusco-testaceous ; the head, thorax, and terminal joints of

the antennz rufescent.

Head rather finely punctate, with two smooth, oblique,

slight inter-antennal elevations. Thvrax nearly twice as

broad as long, apex truncate, base a little rounded ; its sides

with distinct dark margins and moderately curvate; front

angles depressed and nearly rectangular, the posterior

slightly projecting outwardly ; the disk finely and irregu-

larly but not very closely punctured, more closely near the

sides ; the basal margin with a series of fine closely placed

punctures. Scutellum subtriangular. Elytra rather broader

than thorax, curvedly narrowed near the extremity, the

suture somewhat rufescent and almost impunctate; their

punctuation moderately coarse and irregular, nowhere close,

a little finer near the base and suture, nearly serial at the

sides behind the smooth shoulders, and with two or three

ill-defined apical striz on each.

Legs robust, tibiz a little dilated near the extremity and

grooved externally. Tarsi rather broad ; basal joint large,

narrowed towards the base, slightly emarginate at apex ;

second triangular ; third bilobed and larger than in Euco-

laspis. Antenne inserted at sides of forehead, attaining the

middle of elytra ; basal joint stout ; second evidently shorter

than the contiguous ones ; they are sparingly pubescent.

Rather smaller than A. ochraceus, more shining, differently

coloured, and with more slender antenne.

Length 24; breadth 14 line.

Broken River (Mr. J. H. Lewis) ; one individual.

Group Cryptocephalide.

Arnomus viridicollis, sp. n.

Subnudus, shining, variegate ; thorax eneo-yiridis; elytra

Species of New-Zealand Coleoptera. 287

rufo-cupreous ; the legs, front of head, and basal three joints

of antennie testaceous ; remaining joints piceo-fuscous.

Head vertical in front, finely punctate with a slender

inter-ocular sulcus, sparsely clothed with greyish hairs.

Thorax transverse, its sides rounded, slightly narrower in

front than at the base, lateral margins fine and indistinct,

posterior angles rectangular; the surface moderately closely,

distinctly, and somewhat irregularly punctured, with a fine

dorsal line and a few fine grey hairs near each side. Scu-

tellum smooth, viridescent. Elytra rather short, oblong,

apices obtusely rounded; shoulders slightly elevated and

narrowed, so that their base and that of the thorax are of

the same breadth ; they are impressed at the inside of each

shoulder and behind the scutellum ; the lateral margins are

well developed except just at the apices and shoulders ; their

punctuation is moderately coarse and close, but not quite

seriate ; the suture is brassy and sharply defined behind.

Legs only moderately long and stout; anterior femora

rather short: Antenne elongate and slender, the dark joints

with greyish pubescence.

Underside fusco-testaceous, finely and rather closely sculp-

tured, with greyish pubescence ; terminal ventral segment

with a large simple fovea.

Broader than A. curtipes, with shorter front legs and

rather elongated lobes to the penultimate joint of the front

tarsi, and without any smooth raised spot before the

scutellum.

Length 14; breadth # line.

Broken River (Mr. J. H. Lewis) ; one individual.

Arnomus signatus, sp. Nn.

Variegate, testaceous ; the back of the head and a trian-

gular space behind the scutellum subcyaneous ; thorax more

or less rufo-fuscous ; it is shining and apparently glabrous.

Head finely punctate. Thorax rather small, strongly trans-

verse ; apex slightly but widely emarginate, with subacute

angles ; its sides much rounded, so that the posterior angles

are less distinct than the anterior, base feebly curvate ; its

surface distinctly but very irregularly punctured, so that

small smooth intervals occur here and there ; its sides more

coarsely punctured. E/ytra rather wider than thorax, base

subtruncate but very oblique near the scutellum; they are

wider behind the middle than near the base ; their punctua-

tion rather coarser than that of the thorax, but more serial.

Legs moderately slender, rather long, the front pair

longest.

288 Major T’. Broun on new Genera and

Underside fusco-testaceous ; prosternal process broad and

evidently punctured ; metasternum grooved along the

middle ; abdomen finely sculptured, apical segment with a

large fovea occupying about half of the whole area.

This may be readily identified by the variegation. The

bluish space on the base of the elytra in one specimen is

prolonged backwards towards the apex of each as a broad

dilute vitta. The eyes, though of moderate size, are only

just perceptibly convex, and are therefore less prominent

than usual.

Length 2; breadth 1 line.

Mount Arthur. Two mutilated individuals forwarded by

Mr. G. V. Hudson.

Group Galerucide.

Luperus angularius, sp. n.

Subdepressed, moderately elongate, shining ; nigrescent,

slightly zneous ; femora, terminal joint of tarsi, and the

antennz fuscous; destitute of perceptible pubescence.

Antenne attain the hind thighs, basal three joints a little

shining and _ paler than the following opaque ones.

Head uneven above, with some grey pubescence in front.

Thorax nearly twice as broad as long, distinctly and mode-

rately closely punctured, slightly uneven, with four or five

irregularly formed almost smooth spots; apex truncate,

base very feebly curved, the sides only a little rounded,

nearly straight behind, lateral margins well developed and

very evidently thickened at the anterior angles ; posterior

angles indistinct, but just inside each there is a small

granular elevation with a setigerous puncture. Scutellum

impressed. Elytra oblong, wider than thorax, shoulders

slightly raised and prominent ; apices nearly subtruncate, so

that the extremity of each at the suture is sharply rectan-

gular; they are distinctly, rather closely, but not coarsely

punctured ; the interstices near the sides are slightly trans-

versely rugose. The two hind pairs of didie are moderately

curvate.

A careful scrutiny of the thoracic angles will lead to its

recognition.

Length 24; breadth 1$ line.

Broken River (Mr. J. H Lewis); one individual.

;

Species of New-Zealand Coleoptera. 289

Luperus scutellaris, sp. 0.

Elongate, oblong, shining, brassy black, indistinctly rufes-

cent on some parts ; tibiz and basal joint of tarsi testaceous.

Head glossy black, with rather prominent antennal

tubercles. Thorax transverse, with a transverse impression

in front, the surface not uneven elsewhere; its punctuation

of two kinds, one distinct but not coarse or close, the other

minute and scattered on the intervals; the sides in front

nearly smooth, the middle of the disk with fine punctures.

Scutellum perfectly smooth. /ytra parallel-sided, shoulders

raised, the whole sutural region from the base to the top of

the hind slope broadly depressed ; their punctuation mode-

rately close, not coarse, finer near the suture, transversely

rugose near the sides.

Antenne elongate, except the basal three joints, dark and

opaque, with some white hairs which are most obvious on

the basal joints.

Most nearly allied to ZL. angularius, the front angles of

the thorax less evidently thickened, the hind tibie rather

less curvate, and the general appearance and sculpture

different. The elytral suture at the apex is obtuse.

Length 24; breadth 14 line.

Broken River. Found by Mr. J. H. Lewis.

Luperus lewisi, sp. n.

Subdepressed, rather narrow, shining, nigro-eneous ; the

legs and basal three joints of antenne pale fuscous, remaining

joints dark and dull.

Head quite smooth and polished behind. Thorar trans-

verse, not uneven above, its punctuation very fine and

distant, the intervening spaces densely and very minutely

sculptured; the sides a little rounded, apex truncate, lateral

margins well developed ; anterior angles not only incrassate,

but just visibly projecting outwardly, the posterior indefinite.

Scutellum smal]. Elytra elongate, subparallel, shoulders

only slightly raised; rather finely and not very closely

punctured; the suture almost rectangular at the apices.

Legs rather slender ; tibiz nearly straight.

A glossy, finely sculptured species, which can be easily

distinguished by the prominent front angles of the thorax.

Length 2}; breadth nearly 1 line.

Broken River. It bears the name of its discoverer,

Mr. J. H. Lewis. One example.

290 On new New-Zealand Coleoptera.

Luperus axyrocharis, sp. 0.

Body cyaneous or slightly tinged with green ; legs fuscous,

the knees and basal three joints of antennz paler, remainder

of antenne dull blackish.

Thorax about a third broader than long, a little curved at

the sides, front and hind angles nearly rectangular; the

surface rather distantly and finely punctate. Scutellum

minute, violaceous. Elytra slightly and gradually dilated

behind, with a fovea-like impression near each shoulder ;

the shoulders themselves, however, are not distinctly raised ;

they are a little rugosely, rather finely, and not very closely

punctured. Antenne proportionately rather stout but elon-

gate; third joint hardly exceeding the second in length,

both, taken together, scarcely longer than the basal one, the

others elongate. Tarsi moderately slender, third joint short.

Tibie straight.

This species no doubt is distinct. A second specimen has

rather stouter antenne and hind tibie.

Length 13}; breadth 3 line.

Arthur’s Pass. Found by Mr. J. H. Lewis.

Luperus palialis, sp. n.

Slender, elongate, narrow, nitid, unicolorous, flavescent,

subnude.

Head smooth behind. Thorax strongly transverse, its

sides but little curved, with rectangular angles; it is obso-

letely sculptured. Scutellum small. lytra obviously

broader than thorax at the base, subparallel ; shoulders but

little elevated; apices broadly rounded, their punctuation

fine, not very close, but slightly rugose. Legs slender.

Underside testaceous, almost quite smooth,

Length 1? ; breadth ? line.

Broken River. Three specimens found by Mr. J. H.

Lewis.

Luperus asperellus, sp. n.

Glabrous, oblong, dark violaceous ; the thorax and sides

of elytra with metallic red reflectious; tarsi dull fusco-

piceous.

Head uneven, rugose. Thorax strongly transverse, with

moderately curvate sides, its angles obtusely rectangular ;

the surface asperate, coarsely punctate and rugose, with

two more or less distinct nodules and an irregular linear

elevation near the middle, marginal channels rather dul] and

On new Species of Histeride. 291

nearly smooth. Scufellum subtriangular, impunctate.

Elytra rather wider than thorax, at the base, a little dis-

tended posteriorly, apices obtusely rounded ; they are closely,

distinctly and rugosely punctured. Antenne thick and

elongate. Tibia straight. Front /arsi rather narrow and

relatively slender.

Underside shining, violaceous, with close, shallow, indefi-

nite sculpture ; terminal ventral segment obconical, simple.

We have but one similarly glittering metallic species

(L. princeps), which, however, has the head smooth; the

elytra are somewhat attenuated posteriorly, the tibiz arcuate,

the anterior tarsi stouter, and the body is decidedly more

rufescent.

Length 34; breadth 1} line.

South Island. The donor and exact locality are, unfortu-

‘nately, not recorded.

XXXIIL.— On new Species of Histeridee and Notices of others.

By G. Lewis, F.L.S.

THis is the thirty-fifth paper on the Histeride in this series.

In the first paper (1884), which dealt exclusively with the

Japanese species, I suggested that it was probable that

Teretrius was the only genus likely to occur in the islands,

but not at the time known as existent. Lately in the south

of the Archipelago a species of Platylister has been found,

and in the Saati of Paris there is a Japanese species of

Mendelius. In other families also discoveries have been

made from time to time of subtropical and tropical forms,

which show that such are more common in Japan than it was

at first supposed. I now look for the finding of Teretriosoma,

Plesius, Apobletes, Eblisia, and probably other genera not

yet characterized.

I also think that the Japanese fauna may eventually be

found to have something more in common, though in a less

degree, with that of North America. The curious and

probably subcortical Heterius optatus, Lew., is somewhat

similar to, but not congeneric with, Melaneterius infernalis,

Fall. Unfortunately both these species are known only by

single examples, and have not been brought together for

comparison. ‘The Japanese Hetertus yratus, Lew., is also

very similar to H. brunnetpennis, Rand.

292 Mr. G. Lewis on

List of Species.

Teretriosoma saginatum. | Carcinops sinensis.

Apobletes pumicatus, Lew. Isolomalus teres, Lec.

Platylister bande. —— debilis, Lee.

Platysoma incurvatum. Exosternus angolr.

Nagelius, gen. nov. rufulus, Lew.

Eugrammicus minor. Paratropus congonis.

Zabromorphus pinguis. Saprinus eratus.

Macrolister emarginatus. schmidtii, Reitt.

Hister marginipunctatus, Lev. | Euspilotus colombicus, Kirsch.

lineimargo, Reitt. | —— richteri.

Atholus siculus, Tourn. | —— lesus, Lew.

coalescens. devius.

Teretriosoma saginatum, sp. 0.

Cylindricum, breve, robustum, nigrum, nitidum, undique pune-

tatum ; antennis pedibusque obscure rufis; pygidio convexo ;

mesosterno valde marginato; tibiis anticis 6-7-denticulatis.

L. 3 mill.

Cylindrical, rather short and robust, black and shining;

antenne and legs somewhat obscurely red; the punctuation

above is evenly dispersed and fairly close (closer than that of

T. afrum); the thorax is clearly marginate, the lateral stria

is strong and before the base sinuous ; the propygidium, the

punctuation is slightly larger than that of the elytra and the

pygidium is similar except that about one-third of the apical

part is somewhat rugose-punctate; the sterna are equally

and rather coarsely punctate, punctures somewhat shallow

and not very close; the mesosternum is strongly marginate

anteriorly ; the anterior tibie are 6—7-denticulate and micro-

scopically strigose on the upper surface.

This species is rather smaller and broader than T. chaly-

beum, Horn, and smaller and not nearly so robust as 7. afrum,

Lew., but the general punctuation and the form. of the tibia

scarcely differ from afrum. It is a species without any very

conspicuous differentiating characters.

Hab. Lake Chad, Central Africa (Dr. J. Decorse, 1904).

Five examples in the Museum of Paris and my own

collection.

Apobletes pumicatus, Lew. Mem. Soc. esp. Hist. nat. i. (1907).

Oblongo-ovatus, deplanatus, niger, nitidus; antennis pedibusque

piceis; fronte plana, haud striata, impunctata; pronoto stria

marginali tenuiter impressa, brevi in angulo antico; elytris striis

1-3 integris, 4 apicali, dimidiata; propygidio disperse punctu-

new Species of Histeride. 293

lato; pygidio basi transversim punctato; prosterno lato haud

striato; mesosterno bisinuato, immarginato ; tibiis anticis multi-

denticulatis.

L. 2 mill.

Very similar to A, marseuli, Lew., and pauperatus, Sch.,

which together form a local section of the genus in which the

head is smooth and without striw, the thorax has a very fine

marginal stria close to the edze and confined to the region of

the anterior angle, the pygidia are indistinetly punctured,

and the prosternum broad and not striate. Specifically

pumicatus may be known by its more oblong form and by the

third dorsal stria being complete.

Hab. Cabo 8. Juan, Biafra, West Africa.

In the Museum of Madrid and my own collection.

Platylister banda, sp. n.

Oblongus, subdepressus, niger, nitidus; fronte stria integra leviter

impressa, in medio subsinuata, clypeo emarginato; pronoto stria

laterali antice interrupta, postice ad angulos continuata ; elytris

striis dorsalibus 1-2 integris, 3 interrupta; pygidio margine

elevato, equaliter sat dense punctato; mesosterno stria marginali

late interrupta; tibiis anticis 4-dentatis.

L, 5} mill.

Oblong, somewhat depressed, black and shining ; the head

concave anteriorly, transverse stria rather fine and feebly

sinuous in the middle; the thorax, the lateral stria is inter-

rupted behind the head, but it is continued at the base round

the angle and terminates opposite the third elytral stria ; the

elytra, 1-2 dorsal striae are complete, 3 interrupted in the

middle, others are wanting ; the propygidium has two clusters

of rather small punctures; the pygidium has the outer rim

elevated and its surface evenly and rather densely punctured ;

the mesosternum, the marginal stria does not pass along its

emargination ; the anterior tibie are 4-dentate.

The thoracic stria of P. canalicollis, Mars., is continued

along the whole of the base, but the stria in P. hand ceases

at a point opposite the third dorsal strie. The mesosternal

stria being interrupted is also a character to be noted. ‘The

dorsal strive resemble those of P. abruptus, Er.

Hab, Tenimber and Banda Islands. Five examples.

Platysoma incurvatum, sp. n.

Oblongo-ovatum, convexum, nigro-nitidum ; fronte concava; elytris

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 21

294 Mr. G. Lewis on

striis 1-3 integris basi incurvatis, 4-5 apicalibus, suturali longi-

uscula utrinque abbreviata; pygidio marginato, grosse et dense

punctato ; mesosterno stria transversa arcuatim impressa ; tibiis

anticis 4-dentatis.

L. 4} mill.

Oval, somewhat oblong, convex; the forehead widely

excavated, transverse stria fine and nearly straight; the

thorax, marginal stria rather fine, complete, and parallel to

the edge laterally ; the elytra, outer humeral stria fine and

complete, inner humeral wanting, 1-3 dorsal somewhat

strong and complete, all turn inwards at the base, but espe-

cially 2-3, the third is finest apically, 4 fine, apical, and a

little broken, 5 apical and punctiform, sutural shortened at

both ends, anteriorly only reaching the disk ; the propygidium

somewhat irregularly punctate; the pygidium is marginate

posteriorly and closely and evenly punctured; the prosternal

keel is very slightly widened behind the coxe and without

strie ; the mesosternum is rather widely sinuous anteriorly,

with a short irregular stria behind each of the anterior angles,

and across the sternum is a remarkable arched stria which

reaches the base at the sides, and anteriorly it does not pass

very close to the sinuous edge.

The peculiar incurved dorsal striae suggest the specific

name. Platylister arcuatus, Lew., has a similer arched

mesosternal stria to that of the above, but otherwise it in no

respect resembles it. Pachycrerus nanus, Lew., also has an

arched mesosternal stria.

Hab. Sarawak, Borneo (John Hewitt). One example.

NAGELIUS, gen. nov.

Body oblong-oval, somewhat convex; head retractile,

mandibles convex above; antennz, scape long and narrow,

nearly as long as the other joints together, joints of funiculus

gradually enlarging to the club, club oval, antennal fossette

in the thoracic angle, large and deep (in these last three

characters the species are similar to those in Campylorhabdus) ;

thoracic lateral interstice somewhat elevated ; elytra, inner

humeral stria abbreyiated at both ends; pygidium perpen-

dicular, immarginate, and very slightly convex ; prosternum

bistriate ; mesosternum very feebly sinuous, almost truncate ;

tibiee broad and compressed, anterior tarsal groove sinuous.

Type, limatulus, Lew.,in the National Collection, of which

figures are given here,

This genus is founded to receive three Oriental species

hitherto included in the New-World genus Pstloscelis. The

new Species of Histeride. 295

species are P. castelnaudi, Mars., 1870, P. limatulus, Lew.,

1892, and carinicollis, Lew., 1893. In the four North-

American species which now remain in Psi/oscel’’s the antennal

fossette is behind the thoracic angle, the club of the antenna

is circular in outline, the tarsal groove in the anterior tibiz is

straight, the prosternal keel is not bistriate, and the general

facies of the species known are very different, for all are

opaque.

Nagelius limatulus, Lew.

I believe that the species of Nagelius are of subcortical

habit ; [ once saw castelnaud’, Mars., under bark at Balagoda

in Ceylon. The name of the genus is derived from that

of the author of ‘ Mechanisch-physiologische Theorie der

Abstammungs- Lehre,’ 1884.

Eugrammicus minor, sp. n.

Ovalis, convexus, tenuissime punctulatus, niger, nitidus; fronte

stria haud sinuata; pronoto stria laterali interna post angulos

indistincta, externa ad angulum evanescenti; elytris striis

didymis, 1—4 integris, 5 et suturali subintegris prope conjunctis ;

pygidio obscure brunneo ; tibiis anticis 3-dentatis.

L. 6? mill.

Oval, convex above, black and shining; the head and

thorax feebly punctulate, frontal stria complete and straight

anteriorly and relatively, as regards the other known species,

well-marked; the thorax is bistriate laterally, outer stria

evanescent behind the angle, inner stria is traceable behind

the anterior angle, but is not clearly defined, it continues

behind the head; the elytra, striz didymous, 1-4 complete,

5 and sutural almost complete and almost joining at the

21*

296 Mr. G. Lewis on

base, the fifth stria turns outwards at the apical edge, the

inner subhumeral is complete, outer humeral short and. basal

(these two strie are similar in all the known species) ; the

propygidium is very finely punctulate over the whole surfaees

and there is a basal lateral stria (common also to the other

known species); the pygidium is much less distinctly pune-

tulate and is obcurely reddish brown, not apparently owing

to immaturity ; the prosternal keel is margined along its

base like that of Psiloscelis harrist, Lec. (a character also seen

in the other species) ; the mesosternum is narrowly sinuous

and marginate ; the anterior tibie are 3-dentate.

There are now five species of this genus known, and with

the additional species it is easy to see that the characters

referred to in parentheses should be considered generic. In

Contipus the pygidia are simply convex.

Hab. Congo River.

Zabromorphus pinguis, sp. n.

Oblongo-ovatus, convexus, niger, nitidus; fronte impunctata, stria

integra antice recta; pronoto ciliato, striis integris, parallelis,

interstitiis latis; ely tris striis latis, crenulatis, 1-4 integris, 5 et

suturali vix abbreviatis ; " propygidio py gidioque grosse punctatis ;

prosterno basi marginato; mesosterno antice emarginato, stria

integra recta,

L. 94 mill.

Oblong-oval, convex, black and shining ; the forehead

smooth, stria very strong and straight anteriorly ; the thorax,

lateral striz deep, outer stria ceasing behind the eye, inner

continued behind the head, lateral interstice wide, with a

few marks and punctures ’at the angle; the elytra, striz

deeply impressed with crenulate edges, inner humeral apical

and just passes the middle at the point where the outer

humeral ends, the dorsal strie 1-4 complete, 5 a little

shortened at the base but not at the apex, sutural less

shortened in front but similarly shortened behind; the pygidia

are coarsely punctate ; the prosternum is marginate along the

base of the keel; the mesosternum emarginate, stria well-

marked and straight anteriorly; the anterior tibiz 3-dentate.

This species differs from Z. longicollis, Mars., by the head

being without foveze and the greater depth and completeness

of the elytral striz; in outline it is very similar, The form

of the inner humeral stria may be considered a generic

character of Zabromorphus.

Hab. Congo River (C. Neave).

One example in the Natural History Museum.

new Species of Histeride. 297

Macrouister, Lew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xiv.

p- 145 (1904).

This genus, as at present constituted, may be conveniently

divided into two sections. In the first, which includes the

largest species, the mesosternum is anteriorly immarginate ;

in the second the marginal stria is complete, but there is no

intermediate form, so it is evidently a character of some

signiticance,

Macrolister emarginatus, sp. n.

Oblongo-ovatus, convexiusculus, niger, nitidus ; stria frontali antice

recta utrinque anguste interrupta, labro transverso antice emar-

ginato ; pronoto ciliato, striis lateralibus integris, stria interna

antice interrupta; elytris striis 1-3 integris, 4 vage impressa ;

pygidio dense punctato; prosterno haud striato; mesosterno

emarginato, stria marginali late interrupta; tibiis anticis

3-dentatis.

L. 123 mill.

Oblong-oval, rather convex, black and shining; the head

very finely punctulate, froutal stria rather fine, straight ante-

riorly and narrowly interrupted an either side, the labrum

transverse and rather widely emarginate on the anterioc

edge; the thorax is bistriate laterally and the inuer stria is

continued anteriorly but is interrupted behind the middle of

the neck, lateral edge ciliate; the elytra, inner humeral stria

shortened at the base, not quite touching the oblique stria,

1-3 dorsal complete, 4 traceable, punctiform, and obscurely

shortened at the base, 5 indicated apically by three or four

points, sutural wanting; the propygidium is lightly and

somewhat sparingly puncture|; the pygidium is densely but

not coarsely punctured; the prosternum, keel narrow and

not striate ; the mesosternum markedly emarginate and only

striate on the sides; the anterior tibizw are 3-dentate.

‘The form of the labrum is characteristic of this species.

Hab. Bihé, Angola,

Hister marginipunctatus, Lew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. iv.

p. 461 (1870).

Of this species only one example is known to me; it is a

larger species than H. marginatus, Kr., but very similar in

its general facies, except that the base of the prosternal keel

is markedly marginate. LHErichsou’s species has lately been

found commonly in mole-nests, but formerly it was seldom

seen, and it was supposed to associate with an ant, ‘The

298 | Mr. G. Lewis on

Japanese species came from a locality abounding with moles,

and, being unique, probably had some peculiar habit in

retirement, Had it been an ordinary stercoraceous or cada-

verous species, it is more than likely that it would have been

found in abundance,

Hister lineimargo, Reitt. Wien. ent. Zeit. xvii.

p- 118 (1898).

“ Ovalis, subparallelus, nitidus, parum convexus, niger, clava an-

tennarum fulva, pedibus fusco- ferrugineis, stria frontali integra,

minus arcuata; pronoto striis lateralibus tribus integris, interna

ab externis parum remota, postice magis approximata ; elytris

stria subhumerali distincta, in medio interrupta, striis dorsalibus

1-4 integris, 5-6 (internis 2) abbreviatis; propygidio parce fortiter,

pygidio “confertissime fortiterque punctato; mesosterno antice

recte truncato, stria marginali integra; prosternum subtilissime

marginatum, haud striatum ; tibiis dilatatis, anticis extus 3-4-

dentatis.

*« Long. 63-7 mill.”

Hab. Caucasus.

Atholus (Hister) siculus, Tourn. Abeille, v. p. 142 (1868).

Tournier in his description did not notice the form of the

mesosternum of this species, but it is truncate, almost straight

anteriorly, and markedly marginate, and it should therefore

be assigned to the genus Atholus.

Atholus coalescens, sp. n.

Ovalis, convexiusculus, niger, nitidus; fronte biimpressa, stria

integra retrorsum angulata; pronoto stria interna integra pone

oculos sinuata; elytris striis subhumerali dimidiata, dorsalibus

integris, 5 cum suturali connexa; propygidio parce punctato;

mesosterno truncato, marginato; tibiis anticis 3-dentatis.

L. 53 mill,

Oval, rather convex, black and shining ; the head with two

shallow impressions behind the stria, stria rather fine and

acuminate in the middle; the thorax, inner lateral stria is

sinuous behind the eyes and does not quite reach the basal

edge ; the elytra, the inner subhumeral stria is apical, well-

marked, and dimidiate, the dorsal striz are all complete, the

interstice between the second and third is widened at the

base, the fifth and sutural join anteriorly ; the propygidium

is sparsely punctulate, the pygidium much less distinctly so;

the mesosternum is marginate and nearly straight anteriorly ;

the anterior tibiz are 3-dentate.

yy.

new Species of Histeride. 299

The facies of this species is very similar to 14-striatus,

Gyll., especially in the dorsal striz, but it is a little more

convex and the frontal stria is differently formed.

Hab. Cape Colony (Peringuey).

Carctnops sinensis, sp. n.

Oblongo-ovata, convexiuscula, nigra, nitida; fronte antice sub-

impressa, stria laterali valida; pronoto lateribus punctato;

elytris striis subhumerali integra ad apicem continuata, 1-3

dorsalibus integris, 4 integra sed antice et postice punctis formata ;

prosterno bistriato, lobo grosse punctato ; mesosterno utrinque

punctato, marginato; tibiis anticis 6-7-denticulatis.

L. 3 mill.

Oblong-oval, rather convex, black and shining; the heal

strongly-striate laterally and irregularly punctate ; the thorax

is marginate and punctate broadly at the sides and narrowly

along the scutellar edge, disk smooth ; the elytra, striz 1-3

complete and somewhat sinuous in the middle, 4 bent towards

the suture at the base and punctiform at both its ends, a few

irregular points along the suture seem to represent a sutural

stria, on about one-third of the apical area there are sparse

and irregular punctures; the pygidia are clearly and rather

closely punctured; the prosternum is bistriate, striae widen

out before the coxz and do not join at either end, anteriorly

they are obliterated by punctures and posteriorly they are

evanescent, the anterior lobe is coarsely punctured and the

keel has a very few irregular points; tle mesosternum is

margined on all sides by an irregular crenate stria and late-

rally there are a few punctures, the area behind the emargina-

tion is smooth; the metasternum has a few punctures near

the hind cox; the anterior tibise are 6—7-denticulate and

are without a notable emargination on the outer edge.

There is no other known Careinops similar to this.

Hab. Nankin, China.

Isolomalus teres, Leconte.

Paromalus teres, Lec. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. xvii. p. 609 (1878).

“Cylindrical, but not slender, shining, black ; head and

thorax punctulate; elytra finely, not densely punctured, each

with faint traces of two oblique striz near the base; sutural

stria wanting. Pygidium very finely punctulate, under

surface finely and sparsely punctured; mesosternum emar-

ginate in front, marked with a fine lateral line; prosternum

flattened and without strie. Length 2 m.

300 Mr. G. Lewis on

“This species only differs from P. seminulum by the

cylindrical form, in which it deceptively resembles Teretrius

americanus, by having the elytra more finely punctured, and

by the entire absence of the sutural stria.”

Hab. Sault S. Marie, Michigan. One specimen.

Isolomalus debilis, Leconte.

Paromalus debilis, Lec. Bull. U.S. Geol. Survey, v. p. 515 (1879).

‘Oval, subeconvex, black and shining, finely punctured.

Head finely punetulate. Elytra without sutural stria ; there

are two short oblique faintly impressed stria at the base, and

two others more feebly impressed, visible near the margin

behind the middle. Prosternum without strie; mesosternum

margined only at the sides.

‘Of the same size and form as P. diffcilis, Horn, but

much more finely punctured and with no sutural stria.”

Hab. Veta Pass, Rocky Mountains, U.S.A.

This species and the last having no prosternal striz should

be placed in Jsolomalus provisionally, notwithstanding the

absence of the sutural stria.

Exosternus angole, sp. n.

Breviter ovalis, convexus, niger, nitidus; fronte utrinque marginata,

punctata; pronoto stria marginali integra; elytris striis 1-3

integris, 4 et suturali subintegris haud conjunctis; propygidio

pygidioque punctatis ; prosterno bistriato, striis antice divergenti-

bus ; mesosterno marginato; tibiis anticis 8—-9-dentatis.

L. 33 mm. ‘

Somewhat shortly oval, convex, black and shining; the

head, clypeus narrow and transverse, surface punctured but

not very evenly, marginate at the sides, not anteriorly; the

thorax, marginal striz complete but fine behind the head,

surface punctured not densely and tle points vary in size ;

the elytra, outer humeral stria abbreviated apically about

one-third, anteriorly clearly reaching the base, inner humeral

is shortened about one-third at the base, dorsal striz 1-3

strong aud complete, 4 and sutural nearly join at the base,

but the fourti is slightly broken, 5 dimidiate and apical ;

the pygidia are evenly but not very densely punctured; the

prosternum is bistriate and the striae widen out at the middie

and continue widened to the anterior suture, keel densely

and finely punctulate ; the mesosternum is marginate ; the

anterior tibie are 8—9-dentate.

It will be noticed that the fifth dorsal stria in this species

new Species of Uisteride. 301

is abbreviated : in the generic characters drawn from the first

two species known the dorsal striz were said to be all complete,

now two species are known in which the fifth dorsal stria is

shortened,

Hab, Central Angola (Dr. Welwitsch).

One example in the British Museum,

Evosternus rufulus, Lew.

This species is variable in colour, in the National Museum

there is an example in which the apical margin of the elytra

is alone red, and [ have an example in which this colour is

wholly absent.

Paratropus congonis, sp. n.

Ovatus, brunneus, supra punctulatus, subuitidus; fronte stria

integra utrinque angulata, antice impressa; pronoto anguste

marginato ; elytris striis 1-4 et suturali integris, 4 arcu basali

suturali coéunte, 5 ultra medium abbreviata; propygidio pygy-

dioque distincte punctatis; prosterno bistriato, striis anticis

evanescentibus ; mesosterno margine bistriato.

L. 3 mm.

Oval, brown, punctulate above, rather shining ; the head

impressed anteriorly, stria complete and markedly angulate

at the sides; the thorax narrowly marginate; the elytra,

striz with slightly crenate edges, 1-4 and sutural complete,

4 joins the sutural at the base, 5 apical, shortened just beyond

the middle; the pygidia are distinctly but not densely

punctured ; the prosternum is bistriate, striz almost parallel

but anteriorly evanescent and apparently turn outwards, but

they are merged in the minute strigose surface-sculpture ;

the mesosternum has a very fine marginal stria and close and

parallel to it a second well-marked stria, the sutural stria is

transverse, very fine and irregularly crenate ; the metasternuin

and the first segment of the abdomen are punctured, but not

closely.

‘The species is smaller than P. aptistrius, Lew., the fore-

head is impressed anteriorly, the pygidia are punctured, and

the prosternal striz are evanescent anteriorly. There are

now 17 species of this genus known, and I have no doubt that

the African species are very numerous.

Hab. Stanley Falls, Congo River.

Saprinus wratus, sp. n.

Ovalis, convexus, eneus, nitidissimus ; fronte stria integra, antice

angulata ; pronoto ciliato, lateribus rugoso-punctato ; elytris striis

302 Mr. G. Lewis on

1-4 dimidiatis, 4 cum suturali arcuatim juncta; pygidio vix

dense punctato; prosterno striis utrinque divergentibus ; meso-

sterno leviter punctato, marginato ; tibiis anticis 8-9-denticulatis.

L. 4? mm,

Oval, convex, brassy, very shining; the head usually with a

small fovea on the vertex, strigosely and densely punctured,

the strigosities giving the punctures an appearance of con-

fluence, frontal stria complete and angularly joined behind the

epistoma ; the thorax markedly ciliate along the edge, with a

somewhat shallow fovea behind each eye, disk smooth, lateral

margin sculptured like the head; the elytra, stria 1—4

dimidiate, all equal in length, 4 joins the sutural which is

complete, 5 dorsal and very short, punctuation fine and not

close, occupying nearly half of the apical area, and finer on

the interstices of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th strie, the interstice of

1 and 2 is more distinctly sculptured and somewhat strigose ;

the pygidia are very evenly but not very densely punctured ;

the prosternum is bistriate, stria somewhat constricted in the

middle and divergent at each end; the mesosternum is mar-

ginate and its surface lightly sculptured; the anterior tibie

8—9-denticulate.

This species resembles S. discoidalis, Lec., in the form of

the prosternum, and it is a little like it in its general facies.

The form of the frontal stria is a distinguishing character.

Hab. Argentina (H. Richter, No. 277).

Saprinus schmidtii, Richter, Ent. Nachr. xv. p. 124 (1889).

“ Rotundo-ovatus, eneo-cupreus, nitidus; fronte carinata, rugose

punctata ; thorace ciliato, dense, lateribus rugose, punctato, disco

postico levi; elytris densissime punctatis, areis levibus, duabus

basalibus, altera magna ad scutellum in 4° interstitio, altera

minore in 2°, tribusque apicalibus, stria suturali integra cum 4*

coéunte, dorsalibus longis areas posticas attingentibus, 2* quarta-

que paulo brevioribus, subhumerali interna sat longa, externa

inconspicua; prosterno striis postice divergentibus, ante coxas

mox unitis, sub apicem evanescentibus, mesosterno punctulato ;

tibiis anticis 5-dentatis.

“L. 24 mm.

“ Hab. regio flum. Nigri.”

This species belongs to the same group as S. spectllum and

sculpturifer, Mars.

Euspilotus colombicus.

Saprinus colombicus, Kirsch, Abh, Mus. Dresden, p. 3 (1888-89).

This species should be placed in the genus Huspilotus.

new Spectes of Histeride. 303

Euspilotus richter’, sp. n.

Ovatus, wneus, nitidus; fronte dense punctata; pronoto utrinque

' ciliato; elytris macula flava lata utrinque flexuosa, striis 4

suturalique arcu basali coéunte ; tibiis anticis 8—9-spinosis.

L. 34-4 mm.

Oval, brassy and shining ; the head densely punctate, stria

obsolete anteriorly; the thorax broadly rugose-punctate

laterally and narrowly along the base, lateral edge with

flavous hair ; the elytra, behind the huneral angle surface

smooth and slightly raised, striw 1 and 3 basal and short, the

second much: longer, the first is somewhat obscured by strigose

sculpture, 4 is the length of the second and joins the sutural,

the dark area at the base is somewhat obscure and lacks con-

ciseness of outline, the flavous band is narrowly and evenly

divided in the middle on the sutural disk and posteriorly

encroaches on the dark area twice, feebly near the suture and

more widely in the middle, anteriorly the yellow band en-

croaches obtusely on the inside of the fourth stria and less

distinctly, but somewhat pointedly, inside the second stria ;

the dark area in front of the narrow sutural margin spreads

out almost rectangularly ; the pygidiaare densely punctured ;

the sterna do not afford any special specific characters,

In L£. flavopictus, Lew., decoratus, and bisignatus, Er., the

apical dark margin of the elytra is even in outline; in richtert

it is encroached on twice by the flavous band.

Hab. Mendora, Argentina (H. Richter, No. 300).

Euspilotus lesus, Lew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. vi.

p. 288 (19U0).

This species has two oblique striw on the apex of the

pygidium which almost join anteriorly. I did not mention

this in my description and it may only exist in one of the

sexes,

Euspilotus devius, sp. n.

Ovalis, convexus, «eneo-niger, nitidus ; fronte dense rugoso-punctata,

haud striata; pronoto lateribus ciliato utrinque punctato ;

elytris striis 1-2 dorsalibus pone medium abbreviatis, 3 breviore,

4 in medio abbreviata, arcu suturali juncta; pygidio dense

punctato; mesosterno grosse punctato; tibiis anticis 9-10-

denticulatis.

L. 3? mm.

Oval, convex, brassy-black, immaculate; the head is

densely and somewhat 1ugosely punctured and without striz ;

the thorax, marginal stria hamate at the basal angle, ciliate

304 Dr. D. G. Elliot on

Jaterally, clearly not very densely punctured at the sides and

along the basal edge ; the elytra, apically about one-third is

clear! ly punctured, ‘the strize, inner humeral shortened apically,

1-2 are shortened behind the middle, 3 somewhat shorter

than the fourth, but both are nearly dimidiate, sutural com-

plete and joined to the fourth at the base; the pygidium is

evenly and densely punctured ; the prosternum, keel smooth,

strie as figured (Ann. xix. p. 320, 1907) tor Z. zonatus, Lew. ;

the mesosternum is widely sinuous, surface coarsely not

closely punctate; the anterior tibie are 9-10-denticulate.

The discovery of the above introduces an immaculate species

to the genus.

Hab. Argentina (H. Richter, R. 282).

One example.

Note.—Scarabidez.

MaraxeEs, Lew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xvi. p. 376,

figs. 38, 4 (1895).

= Xynophron, Harold, Notes Leyd. Mus, ii. p. 199 (1880).

This synonymy has not been recorded in this Magazine.

XXXIV. — Description of new Species of Monkeys of the

Genera Cercopithecus and Papio. By D. G. Exniot,

D.S¢.; 2 RS H., doc. 3

Cercopithecus princeps, sp. n.

Type locality. Mpanga Forest, west and south of Lake

Albert.

Geogr. Distr. Mpanga Forest and Mt. Ruwenzori, 5000

feet elevation.

Colour. Forehead, sides of face and head (extending on

to sides of throat) speckled black and white; top of head,

nape, hind-neck, space between shoulders, tn hands, hid

jeet jet-black ; upper parts and sides of body speckled black

and white; legs black, faintly speckled with white on thighs,

and very slightly so on legs beneath knees; chin and throat

pure white; conspicuous black band across breast below

ilroat, rest of under parts lon-grey, the hairs being much

less speckled with white than on the upper parts, and ‘general

tone more greyish; tail speckled black and grey on basal

half, darker than the back ; remainder jet-black to tip; ears

new Species of Monkeys. 305

with a few white hairs on top; face slate-colour, upper lip

covered with short white hairs.

Measurements. Total length 1530 mm.; tail 915 ; foot 165;

ear 50 (collector). Skull: total length 113°5; occipito-nasal

length 88; hensel 78:7 ; zygomatic width 76°2 ; intertemporal

width 42°6 ; width of brain-case 56°2 ; length of nasals 17°7;

a length 39°1; length of upper molar series 25:1;

ength of mandible 77:2 ; length of lower molar series 3L°1 ;

length of upper canines 25°9.

Type in British Museum, no. 7. 4. 6. 6.

This species resembles C. stuh/manni, Matschie, but differs

in the black band across breast, absent altogether in Matschie’s

species ; in the black on upper back and hind-neck, which is

more or less speckled in the allied species ; and in the blacker

legs, having very slight speckling.

Papio planirostris, sp. n.

Type locality. Fan, Southern Cameroon, West Africa.

Gen. char. Skulls alone known, no skin. Size large;

facial region much longer than brain-case; rostrum very

broad ; ridges curved, and most widely separated at middle,

not rising above nasals for their entire length; very broad

posteriorly ; lateral pits long and wide, but not deep; entire

width of orbits only slightly broader than greatest width of

rostrum ; occipital region in shape pyramidal, not rounded,

posteriorly ; no sagittal crest, but low ridges start on outer

side of each orbit and meet at interparietal ; zygomatic arches

broad, but not widely spread ; pterygoid fossa very broad ;

palatal arch rounded ; palate broad, widest anteriorly ; tooth-

rows straight; canines heavy, broad, and rather short.

Measurements. Total length 228 mm.; _ occipito-nasal

length 185; hensel 167; zygomatic width 124-9; inter-

temporal width 61; length of rostrum 122°6; breadth of

rostrum 71°7; length of rostral ridges 83 ; greatest width of

orbits 72 ; greatest width of brain-case 79; length of nasals

81; palatal length 107°7; greatest width of palate behind

canines 41°4; length of upper canines 32°5; length of upper

molar series 55°7; length of mandible 167; length of lower

molar series 78.

There are a number of skulls of this species in the Berlin

Museum, all characterized by the broad flat rostral region,

and the depressed almost straight rostral ridges, not curved

asin P.maimon. A comparison of the skulls of the two

species shows that they differ in almost every particular.

In the new form the rostral region is flatter, longer, and wider,

the ridges not rising to the top of the nasals; narial opening

306 On a new Spccies of Fossa.

broader and shorter, nasals wider ; orbital ridge not depressed

in centre, and orbits therefore more rounded in shape; brain-

case more rounded posteriorly and on a level with orbital

ridge and rising gradually to occiput, which is higher than

the orbits ; while the brain-case of P. ma/mon curves down-

ward to occiput, which lies lower than the rostral ridges, so

that the superior outlines of these brain-cases of these

species are widely different ; bony palate not so much con-

tracted posteriorly ; basi-occipital more abruptly descending

to pterygoid fossa ; tooth-row much longer; occipital region

much more slanting, that of P. maimon being nearly per-

pendicular ; second upper molar of new species much larger,

and the second lower molar smaller than the corresponding

teeth of P. maimon. It will be readily seen from the above

comparison that the two skulls are almost entirely different

in nearly all respects. All the skulls came from the same

locality and the range of the species is not known. ‘The

type is in the Berlin Museum, and I am indebted to

Herr Paul Matschie, the Curator of the Mammalogical

Department, for the privilege of describing it.

XXXV.—A new Species of Fossa from Central Madagasear.

By Guy Dotiman, B.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Fossa majori, sp. n.

In size and general proportions similar to Buffon’s Fossane

(F. fossa, Schr.), but having continuous stripes on the back

and sides, and not, as in that species, irregular stripes

on the anterior part of the back, breaking up into spots

posteriorly.

Fur longer and rather harsher than in F. fossa, individual

hairs cf back measuring about 30 mm. in length. General

colour of back a rich tawny-russet, darker in the middle line,

and gradually getting lighter towards the sides. Four broad,

well-marked, dark brown stripes down middle of back,

breaking up into indistinct spots at base of tail. The outer

pair of these stripes extends forwards almost up to the ears,

while the inner two gradually disappear about 40 mm.

behind this point. Along each side of the body are two

dark brown lateral stripes, extending back as far as the

point of insertion of the hind legs, where they break up

into a few large spots. Forehead a rich Mars-brown colour,

becoming paler and greyer on the muzzle and sides of the

face. Under surface of body buff-coloured, rather lighter

Bibliographical Notices. 307

towards the throat. Upper side of tail rufous russet, the

anterior portion blotched with indistinct dark spots. Under

side of tail tawny russet.

Skull smaller and with much smaller auditory bull, the

greatest length of the bulle being only 11°5 mm., while in

#, fossa they measure 15 mm. in length.

Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :—

Head and body 480 mm. ; tail 265; hind foot 78; ear 32.

Skull: greatest length 93; zygomatic breadth 43 ; greatest

length of nasals 23; length of upper tootli-row, from front of

first premolar to back of last molar, 31°5.

Hab. Ambohimitombo, near Ambositra, Central Mada-

gascar.

Type. Immature male. B.M. no. 97.9.1.115. Original

no. 167. Collected 22 January, 1895, by Dr. C. I. Forsyth

Major.

The continuous dorsal and lateral stripes, together with

the more rufous colouring of the back and the much smaller

auditory bullw, indicate that this form must be considered

quite distinct from F. fossa. I propose to call it F. majort,

after Dr. C. I. Forsyth Major, who collected the specimen

during his famous expedition in Madagascar in 1895.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

Catalogue of the Fresh-water Fishes of Africa in the British Museum

(Natural History). Vol. I. By G. A. Bovurencer, F.R.S.

London: Printed by Order of the Trustees, 1909.

Ir is expected that not less than three volumes will be required to

complete the ‘Catalogue of the Fresh-water Fishes of Africa,’ to

which subject Mr. Boulenger has devoted many years of study. The

present volume contains an account of the Selachii, Crossopterygii,

and Dipneusti, and of the Teleostean suborder Malacopterygii and

part of the Ostariophysi.

That the time is ripe for the appearance of such a Catalogue as

this admits of no question, for during the past decade an enormous

increase in our knowledge of the Fresh-water Fishes of Africa has

been made, and types of most of the large number of new generic

and specific forms are deposited in the British Museum. Nearly

every species described in this volume is figured, and some of these

figures, as in the case of the Mormyride, are remarkable for the

high degree of specialization which they indicate, especially in

regard to feeding-habits. ;

Though larval forms are occasionally referred to, in no case are

these figured; yet we venture to think that such figures would have

added not a little to the value of this work. Similarly, it has been

308 Bibliographical Notices.

the custom, in other catalogues of the kind, to give figures of anato-

mical characters used as a basis of classification in the volume; but

no such aids are included in Mr. Boulenger’s present volume—a fact

which is surely to be regretted.

The figures which adorn these pages have for the most part

appeared already in Mr. Boulenger’s ‘ Matériaux pour la Faune du

Congo,’ wherein they appeared in the form of lithographs, and very

beautiful examples of their kind. But it is impossible to reproduce

such illustrations successfully by photography, and the attempt to

achieve this in the volume now before us it must be admitted fails

completely.

A Treatise on Zoology. Edited by Sir Ray Lanxusrer, K.C.B.,

M.D., LL.D., F.R.S.—Part IX. Vertebrata Craniata (First

Fascicle: Cyclostomes and Fishes). By E. 8. Goopricu, M.A.,

F.R.S. London: Adam and Charles Black. 1909.

Tuts scholarly work is making a most gratifying progress, and the

present volume most unquestionably maintains the high and dignified

standard which the earlier volumes led us to expect. Mr. Goodrich

has long since earned the reputation of one of the ablest morpholo-

gists in. this country, and his work in thése pages in every way

sustains this reputation. He has given us the last word on the

anatomy of the Cyclostomes and Fishes, for he has not only brought

together all that has been done by other workers, but he has added

much thereto of his own. On every page we find proof of laborious

research and a singularly well-balanced judgment as to what is

essential. It is a book for the advanced student, highly technical,

much condensed, but throughout clear and to the point. It forms,

in short, a solid, well-planned foundation on which to base the

remaining volumes on the Vertebrates.

He traces, in lucid fashion, the evolution both of the exo- and

endoskeleton, and the relation thereto of the segmentation of the

body—themes which are singularly difficult to handle, and are

rarely successfully carried through when attempted. In no other

work of the kind will there be found so clear or so thorough an

account of the genital ducts or of the vascular and nervous

systems, while his treatment: of the paired and median fins and of

the cranial and axial skeleton is most admirable.

Here and there, perhaps, there is room for criticism. Thus it

seems to us that the classification is rather over-elaborate, while we

notice one or two omissions. Thus we have failed to find any

account of the quite remarkable vertebre of the sword-fishes, or of

the annual increments of scale-growth or of scale-ecdysis; and we

venture to think that larval forms might well have received more

attention than has been given them. These, however, are not very

serious omissions, and may even have been deliberate on the part of

the author.

It is a work, in short, which will long remain the standard of its

‘kind.

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

[EIGHTH SERIES. }

No. 22. OCTOBER 1909.

XXXVI.—Descriptions and Records of Bees —XXII.

By T. D. A. CockErELL, University of Colorado.

Hy eorpes, Smith.

This genus has short Prosopiform palpi ; the figure given

by Smith, purporting to represent the mouth-parts, is really

taken from an Odynerus. There are in the British Museum

Australian species of Odynerus almost exactly resembling

Hyleoides concinna and HL. zonalis, but unfortunately they

have not yet been described. I hope later to figure the

mouth-parts of Hyleoides and other Australian bees, using

antl very kindly supplied by Mr, Turner.

A close scrutiny of the Hyleoides in the British Museum

shows that there are five different forms, representing at

least three species, as follows :—

Females.

Scutellum black, without spots........eeeee00. concinna (Fabr.).

Scutellum conspicuously spotted .............. 1,

1. Pale markings all dull creamy white; size of

zonalis (expanse 25 mm.); clypeus almost all

white or with only a white median band,

broadened above; postscutellum black or with

a pair of spots; first abdominal segment with

an apical white band, broadened laterally ; pro-

thoracic band rather widely interrupted. (T'wo subsp. n.

from West Australia: Dr. J. Burton Cleland.) xonalis albocincta,

Ann. & Mag: N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 22

310 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

Pale markings bright chrome-yellow; clypeus

with only a median yellow band; postscutellum

black or spotted; structure as in albocincta.

(Hunter River=type ; Swan River; Champion :

VG Peer oy a a noe aoa zonalis, Smith.

Pale markings of thorax and abdomen above red,

of the same colour as those of the abdomen of

H. concinna; ventral abdominal band ivory-

WH ee obees sr yest) pee eee ee 2.

2. Size of zonalis; broad red band on clypeus

sharply defined, enlarged above ; band on pro-

thorax rather broadly interrupted ; face longer ;

double curve of inner orbital margin very

strong; postscutellum all black; bosses at base

of metathorax wider apart; first abdominal

segment with an apical band as in zonalis;

punctures of mesothorax weaker. (Swan River, [subsp. n.

69. 50=type; W. Australia, 68. 6.).......... zonalis rufocincta,

Smaller, length slightly over 13 mm. ; differences

as indicated in the last description; band of

clypeus broad, yellow in the middle, ferruginous

at sides, the ferruginous extending a little be-

yond clypeus above and at sides; scutellum

and postscutellum nearly all red; first abdo-

minal segment red, with the base only black,

and that suffusedly so; tegule ferruginous,

lighter than in any of the others. (W. Austra-

lia, 68. 6=type; also another specimen with

same history.) ...... Sea eeweee Beate a eso concinnula, sp. 0.

Males.

Scutellum black, without spots, or with small

obscure spots; clypeus almost all deep yellow,

but no lateral marks. (Sydney: Froggatt.) coneinna (Fabr.).

Scutellum conspicuously spotted ; face very pale

yellow right across ; tegule light ferruginous. 1.

1. Supraclypeal mark present, broad and_ short;

lateral face-marks extending above level of an-

tennee, their upper side oblique; scape ferru-

ginous beneath; first abdominal segment with

morered. (Swan River, 69.50; W. Australia,

GEO o stasis abide es. sei Rea ae SBEiaikheb ot concinnula, sp. 1.

Clypeus considerably broader above ; no supra-

clypeal mark; lateral marks ending squarely at

about level of top of clypeus; scape all black. [subsp. n.

(W. Australia, 68. 6.) : no eee ee zonalis rufocincta,

Tetralonia convicta, sp. n.

g .—Closely related to T. brevicornis, Smith, with which

it is placed in the British Museum collection. The differ-

ences are as follows:—Smaller (expanse 19 mm.) and not

quite so robust ; antennz longer and more slender (much as

in T. malve, but perhaps rather longer, not of the very long

Records of Bees. 311

type); flagellum strongly crenulated, ferruginous beneath ;

face longer in proportion to its width ; tibiw and tarsi clearer

red, hair of hind tibiw and tarsi pale yellowish ; abdomen

smaller and shorter; third s.m. much narrower above, being

narrower above than second (broader above than second in

brevicornis) ; scutellum with a median depression, but no

distinct bosses (bigibbose, with a pair of bosses and a valley

between, in brevicornis).

Hab. Australia, 50. 7.

ine type of 1’. brevicornis (Moreton Bay, 50. 71) is also

a male.

Tetralonia antennata (W. F. Kirby).

Podalirius antennatus, W. F. Kirby, from Sokoira, is a

female Tetralonia of the type of T. tricincta, Lep., with an

apical pale yellow band on the clypeus. It is a smaller

species than tricincta. Tetralonia antennata (Fabr.) is quite

a different species, and is 7. malve (Rossi).

Nomia testacea (Smith).

The British Museum contains four males, one being

Smith’s type of Tetralonia testacea. The locality given is

“ Africa.” Stigma large ; second s.m. less than halt length

of first or third; basal nervure with lower section strongly

nearly evenly arched; face narrow ; tegulz rather large.

Nomia ceratina (Smith).

The British Museum possesses a male of Halictus cera-

tinus, Smith, from Sarawak, not stated to be the type. It is

a Nomia with clavate abdomen, slender basally, the first

segment much longer than broad; segments with light

yellowish hair-bands; hind legs slender, simple; head seen

from in front nearly exactly circular, a little broader than

long ; antenne long and slender ; area of metathorax plicate ;

venation normal for Nomia, stigma large. The anterior tarsi

are very pale testaceous.

Agapostemon sicheli, Vachal.

Nomia tacita, Cameron (type in British Museum), is this

species, though compared with a specimen of A. sichel? it isa

little larger and has darker stigma and nervures, The

peculiar antenne are quite the same.

Nomia cillaba, Cameron, is also a male i ar ein

312 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

Nomioides appendiculata (Cameron).

The type of Ceratina appendiculata, Cam., in the Cambridge

University Museum (Inadu, Maldives, Gardiner) is a Nomi-

oides. Abdomen black, with more or less interrupted yellow

bands; mesothorax and scutellum green, postscutellum

yellow ; metathorax black; clypeus yellow, with two black

bars ; tubercles and upper edge of prothorax yellow; legs

with much yellow; stigma large; marginal cell ending,

narrowly rounded, on costa; b. n. strongly bent; second s.m.

small. Cameron’s description agrees with the specimen.

Lithurgus andrews?, sp. n.

Christmas Island, Indian Ocean (Andrews). Type in

British Museum.

This is the female described as Megachile rotundipennis,

W. F. Kirby (‘ Monograph of Christmas Island,’ 1900, p. 87).

The male, which is described first, is a true Megachile (ante-

rior tarsi simple; sixth abdominal segment broadly emar-

ginate, with spines at side ; pubescence golden fulvous), and

must retain the name rotundipennis.

LL. andrewst (3) is about 144 mm. long.; scopa red ; last

dorsal segment covered with red hair ; segments 2 to 5 with

very narrow white apical hair-bands. It has the rough

mesothorax and frontal prominence usual in Lithurgus.

The new species is related to LZ. rubricatus and cognatus ;

the three are easily separated ( ¢ ) as follows :—

Facial prominence large and bilobed ; vertex

rather sparsely punctured on a shining

ground; hair on inner side of hind tarsi

dark. (Swan River, Australia.).......... cognatus, Sm.

Facial prominence lower, not distinctly or not

bilobed, vertex densely punctured ........ ibs

1. Prominence relatively narrow; hair on inner

side of hind tarsi dark fuscous............ rubricatus, Sm. (type).

Prominence very broad, with an obtuse median

keel; hair on inner side of hind tarsi bright

ferruginous........ wis Wes vie Dame ewe eae» andrewst, sp. 0.

All three have red hair at apex of abdomen.

L. andrewst was taken near Flying-Fish Cove, Sept.—Oct.

1897.

Megachile nivescens, W. F. Kirby.

Christmas Island.

The male is easily distinguished from JL, rotundipennis by

the white hair of head and thorax and very distinct white

Records of Bees. 313

bands on first three segments of abdomen. The apex of the

abdomen is light orange-fulvous, its structure much as in

rotundipennis. ‘The basal joint of anterior tarsi is grooved

behind,

The female is coloured much as the male; hair on inner

side of hind tarsi very bright ferruginous, as in Lithurgus

andrewsi.

Prosopis maortana, sp. n.

? .—Extremely like P. agilis, Smith, but has the clypeus

broader and more closely punctured; the lateral marks of

the face triangular, pointed above, the upper inner side about

equal to the lower inner (in agilis they are bluntly cuneiform,

broadly truncate above). Wigs greyish (reddish in agilis) ;

second r. n. reaching second s.m. very near apex (some

distance before apex in agilis). Both have the tubercles and

an interrupted band on prothorax yellow.

flab. New Zealand.

A specimen in the British Museum, determined by

Cameron as P. agilis, but upon comparison with Smith’s

type seen to be quite distinct. On the other hand, P. lewi-

gata, Sm., as represented in the Museum, is a slight variety

of P. agilis, having the lateral face-marks obliquely truncate

above.

Ts New-Zealand species of Prosopis may be separated

thus :—

Tubercles black ; slender black species, 7 mm.

or @ little over; legs black, the anterior

tibize ferruginous in front ; lateral face-

marks not continuous with sides of

SUUNOUNEY Chalo Bice gcdidsdccUie Vows innocens, Cam.

J OE ee

1. Male; first r. n. entering apex of first s.m. ;

lateral face-marks continuous with sides

RPO Ga a or ga no Ai visie 6 os e''e ale relegata, Sm.

Females; clypeus black ..........+se00e 2.

2, Small a piece with a curious quadrate head ;

lateral face-marks nearly semicircular, deep

chrome-yellow.............. Sitawey Sia capitosa, Sm.

MONO ilo gas ats ee vee NE ee han ve 3.

3. Lateral face-marks longer, dull pale yellowish ;

black species, about 9 mm. long; face

broad ; first r. n. meeting first t.-c. a little

on outer side ; mesothorax dull, with fine [frons, Cam., preocc.).

SUOTILOS oo oc derby ides es sureed sds cameroni, Ckll. (sulet-

Lateral face-marks shorter, deep chrome-

NW Ss wetecesntes onvseudcedcessor maortana, -) n., and

agilis, Sm., separated as above.

314 Mr, T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

Cameron’s types, as well as those of Smith, are in the

British Museum.

Paracolletes advena (Smith).

Andrena advena, Sm., is no doubt a Paracolletes, though

it looks like a rather large black Andrena. No facial fovee ;

tongue apparently Colletid, but not very clearly seen; scu-

tellum with plumose black hair; abdominal segments 2 to 4

with narrow silvery marginal hair-bands ; face very broad ;

stigma subobsolete ; b. n. falling short of t.-m.; second s.m,

broadened below, receiving the r.n. a little before middle ;

area of metathorax triangular, with a sort of sericeous surface,

not ridged.

Australia.

Augochlora levipyga (W. F. Kirby).

Halictus levipyga, W. ¥. Kirby, in H. N. Ridley, Journ. Linn. Soe.,

Zoology, xx. (1890) p. 542. 9.

Halictus alternipes, W. F. Kirby, lc. fo. (“3, 2.”’)

The types of this Fernando Noronha species are in the

British Museum and are the sexes of an Augochlora.

9 — About 9 mm. long.

Head and thorax very dark green; abdomen black, with

dark green shades, not ciliate ; hind spur simple. Nervures

and stigma rather dark red-brown ; first r. n. meeting second

t.-c.; second s.m. about square; inner orbits strongly emar-

ginaté. Flagellum ferruginous beneath ; tongue very slender,

only moderately long; mesothorax dullish, densely punc-

tured ; area of metathorax short, finely but distinctly grooved.

6 .—Clypeus produced, its lower margin testaceous ;

antenne only moderately long; inner orbits very strongly

emarginate.

The following table separates the females of some of the

dark forms of Augochlora :—

First two abdominal segments orange-

DLE ON a eee Sor See splisminle ¢s iL

Abdominal segments not ciliate.......... 2.

1, First abdominal segment brown-black, the

others green; hind spur very long, pec-

LUBED 9s Gala esp ales flo w hae RP als atropos, Sm.

Abdomen blue; thorax green; hind spur

LORS PEELMAUD Nea f- <tioic's ic 512% ce te <i hebescens, Sm.

2. Hind spur pectinate with two spines; meso-

thorax crimson, sparsely punctured .... driseis, Sm.

Hind Spat Smale ges s .c.c. «0.0 serneeeteee levipyga (W. F. Kirby).

Records of Bees. 315

Halictus atripyga, W. F. Kirby,

Halictus atripyga, W. F. Kirby, t. c. p. 543,

Fernando Noronha. ¢ 9.

A true Halictus, of small size.

3 .—A little over 5 mm.

Head and thorax dark yellowish green, vertex coppery ;

abdomen shining black ; antennew long, strongly crenulate

beneath; ocelli rather large; inner orbits shallowly emar-

ginate; nervures and stigma dark red-brown; first r. n.

entering apex of second s.m.; legs partly ferruginous.

? .—Just over 5 mm. long.

Hind spur with at least one distinct tooth ; tegule shining

testaceous ; area of metathorax granular.

flalictus distinctus, Walker.

Wady Genneh.

Of the three specimens in the British Museum two are

Halictus, while the third is a Nomia.

Halictus of Japan and China.

The following table, based on Smith’s types, may be of

service :—

Abdomen green; species with curious oblong

head ; abdomen brassy green, with trans- [riws, Sm.

verse dark shadesorbands. ¢. (Japan.) H. (Chloralictus) era-

CD en ee reer cere i

1. Small species, of subg. Evyleus, with (2)

hind margins of spitsainal segments con-

spicuously testaceous; hind spur finely pec-

tinate. (Japan.) ......... Sea’ CARATS a HI, tarsatus, Sm.

RE POO edie ds davis nv denpaseenans 2.

. Large species, with very large, broad, pale

basal hair-bands on abdominal segments ;

hair on apical half of segments 3 and 4 dark

fuscous; area of metathorax very strongly

ridged; mesothorax dull, with very strong

punctures; hind spur with a few nodules,

ee Or er Te Orr es ce H. occidens, Sm.

Species of medium size ..........eseesee: 3.

3. Male; hair of head and thorax largely red-

dish ; outer nervures of wing not weakened ;

lower part of clypeus yellow; area of meta-

thorax cancellate. (N. China; type in poor

GMO IAT sou an nt WH od Cad ee kd oa. H, affinis, Sim.

Females........ a WEED Litem § hes sink ek ¥95 0 4.

4, First abdominal segment dull, densely mi-

nutely punctured; black species, like H.

coriaceus &ec., with basal hair-bands. 9?

1G. * Descriptions and Records of Bees.

about 9 mm. long; stigma and nervures

light ferruginous ; mesothorax strongly punc-

tured; area of metathorax with strong

anastomosing wrinkles; hind spur with

about four blunt lamine. Q. (N. China.) ZH. subopacus, Sm.

First abdominal segment shining .......... 5.

5. Area of metathorax distinctly but rather irre-

gularly ridged ; hind margins of abdominal

segments narrowly rufescent; stigma and

neryures amber-colour. Q. (Japan.).... H. scitulus, Sm.

Area of metathorax with irregular wrinkles.. 6.

6. Larger; about 9 mm. long; first abdominal

segment very shiny, with sparse punctures,

second and third segments with lateral

basal hair-patches; area of metathorax

strongly bounded behind; outer nervures

weakened; hind spur simple. Superficially

looks just like H. discus, but easily distin-

guished by the dullish closely punctured

mesothorax. 9. (Japan.) ........---. H. preximatus, Sm.

Smaller; length about 8 mm., but the differ-

ence of size greater than the linear measure-

ment would suggest; first abdominal seg-

ment very feebly punctured; hind spur

minutely nodulose. Q. (Japan.) ..... . LZ. familiaris, Sm.

(preocc.),= duplex, D. T.

Dianthidium minutissimum (Bingham).

Anthidium minutissimum, Bingham.

Pulvillus distinct ; second r. n. going beyond second s.m.

Dianthidium lachrymosum (Smith).

Anthidium lachrymosum, Smith.

I have seen Smith’s types, and also one from the Kangra

Valley, 4500 feet (Dudgeon).

Pulvillus well developed; second r. n. going beyond

second s.m. A very compact little species, with white spots

at sides of abdomen; scutellum overlapping base of abdomen ;

maxillary palpi apparently 2-jointed.

Dianthidium truncatum (Smith).

Anthidium truncatum, Smith.

?.—Obuasi, Ashanti (Graham), in Cambridge Univ.

hus.

I have also seen Smith’s type. Pulvillus present, though

small; second r. n. going conspicuously beyond end of

second s.m. A small compact species, the tibiz all yellow on

On a new Japanese Vole. 317

outer side. Mesothorax and scutellnm all black. Markings

of face and abdomen yellow.

The following, usually referred to Anthidium, belong to

Dianthidium :—

Dianthidium interruptum (Fabr.) ; (Apis interrupta, Fabr.; Anthidium

Jlavilabre, Latr.). Belongs to subgen. Paraanthidium, Friese.

Dianthidium septemdentatum (Latr.); (Anthidium septemdentatum,

Latr.). Belongs to subgen. Anthidium, s. str., Friese.

Dianthidium laterale (Latr.) ; (Anthidium cimbiciforme, 8m.). Belongs

to subgen. Proanthidium, Friese.

Dianthidium ferrugineum (Fabr.) ; (Apis ferruginea, Fabr.). Belongs to

subgen. Proanthidium, Friese.

Dianthidium siculum (Spin.) ; (Anthidium fontanesti, Lep.). Belongs to

subgen. Anthidium, s. str., Friese.

Dianthidium rubiginosum (Lep.), according to specimen in British Mu-

seum ; butif this is correct, Anthidium coronatum, Sm., from Corfu,

has been erroneously referred here, as it is a genuine Anthidium.

Dianthidium cordatum (Sm.). Natal. Pulvillus small.

Dianthidium rufipes (Sm.). India. (Dalla Torre erroneously says Natal.)

The following are genuine Anthidium :—lituratum, Pz. ;

punctatum, Latr.; variegatum, Fabr. ; tmitator, Sm. (India) ;

ordinatum, Sm. (India).

A, subochraceum, Walker (gardens round Mt. Sinai), has

the venation of Dianthidium, but apparently no_pulvilli.

Nearly the same may be said of A. pulchellum, Klug, but

this seems to have a very small pulvillus.

It is a question whether one of the subgeneric names

proposed by Friese should be used in place of Dianthidium.

XXXVII.—Description of a new Japanese Vole.

By MAtcotm P. ANDERSON.

Craseomys niigate, sp. n.

Type. Adult g. B.M. no. 8. 12. 1. 65. Collected by

Kiyoshi Kanai at Akakura, Niigata Prefecture, Hondo,

Japan, 7th Sept., 1908.

This new species seems to be most closely related to

Craseomys andersoni, Thos., but it differs externally from

that form in colour, smaller size, and distinctly longer tail.

It is a much smaller animal than C. bedfordia, Thos., of

Hokkaido. In some respects it may be compared with

Evotomys (Phaulomys) smithit, Thos. (see below).

318 On a new Japanese Vole.

Description—General colour of head and body buffy

brown, with a greyish tinge on some hairs, this colour

passing gradually on the sides into the grey of the under

surface, which is often tinged with buffy. Tail dark above,

grey beneath, not sufficiently haired to conceal the scales;

averaging 60°8 mm. in length in the seven specimens ex-

amined. Hands and feet greyish or dusky ; hind foot 17°5

to 20 mm. long. Ears like head and back; usually 12 to

13 mm. long.

Measurements of type.-—Head and body 107 mm. ; tail 63 ;

hind foot 18; ear 12.

Skull.—Much shorter, but very nearly as broad as that of

C. andersoni. Nasals shorter, but equally broad ; inter-

orbital region broader; palatal foramina longer ; diastema —

longer than in C. andersont.

Skull-measurements of type—Greatest length 25:3 mm. ;

basilar length 22°5; zygomatic breadth 14:5; nasals 7-3 ;

interorbital breadth 4; breadth of brain-case 11°5; palatal

length 11:9; diastema 7°4; palatal foramina 5:2 ; length of

upper molar series 5d.

Pattern of upper molars as in Craseomys andersoni, with

three re-entrant angles on each side of m’, dividing that

tooth into five cement-areas.

Seven specimens examined, four males and two females

from Akakura, Niigata Prefecture, collected by Kiyoshi

Kanai, and presented to the British Museum by the Hon.

N. GC. Rothschild; and one male from Makado, near

Nohechi, Aomori Prefecture, extreme north Hondo, collected

by the author, and presented by the Duke of Bedford, K.G.

In studying Craseomys niigate | have compared the

molars of this species with those of a large series of Hvotomys

(Phaulomys) smithti, Thos., and I find that, although the

tooth-pattern of the type of Phaulomys is quite different from

that of Craseomys, there are among specimens not separable

from smithit many individuals with a tooth-pattern closely

resembling that of C. andersont and C. niigate. There are

many examples intermediate between andersoni and smithii,

and those resembling smithit are greatly in the minority.

Mr. Thomas himself first drew attention to this*. These

observations lead me to conclude that ‘‘ Phaulomys”’ is really

Craseomys.

* Cf. Thomas, P. Z. S. 1905, vol. il. p. 356.

On the Land Isopoda of Lundy Island. 319

XXXVIL.—The Land Isopoda of Lundy Island.

By Bruce F. CumMinas.

In June this year I spent a few days on Lundy Island and

devoted a small portion of my time there to collecting the

land Isopoda, no list of which has, so far as I am aware,

been hitherto drawn up. My short search for the woodlice

convinced me that more prolonged and more careful study

would reveal a far richer harvest of species than that indicated

in the list below.

Ligia oceanica, L.—Very common on the beach near the

landing-place.

Trichoniscus pusillus, Brandt.—Common everywhere.

Trichoniscus roseus, Koch.—I captured a small specimen

in the garden of the Rev. Hudson G. Heaven, who is the

owner of the island, and to whom I am indebted for permission

to enter his private grounds.

Trichoniscus pygmaeus, G. O. Sars.—Two specimens in

Mr. Heaven’s garden.

Oniscus asellus, L.—Very common in its typical form.

There is also a very handsome island variety of a butterscotch-

yellow colour.

Philoscia muscorum, Scop.— Very frequent both in the

cultivated and uncultivated portions. The dark brown-black

and the light lemon-coloured varieties both equally common.

I also took a pink specimen, which not uncommonly is found

on the mainland in North Devon.

Philoscia couchii, Kin.—Common near the landing-place

with Ligia. ‘Those which I observed were of the typical

lead-grey tint.

Platyarthrus hoffmannseggii, Brandt.—Abundant in thie

nests of the yellow ant (Lormica flava).

Porcellio scaber, Latr.— Abundant everywhere in _ its

various colour-varieties.

Cylisticus convecus, De Geer.—I obtained a single specimen

of this animal. 1 looked carefully for more, but was unsuc-

cessful.

Armadillidium vulgare, Latr.—Very common everywhere.

I obtained a number of small specimens, which I thought

were the young of Arm. nasatum, but Dr. Norman, to whom

I submitted them, told me that it was a form which he had

from several places close to the sea, but which he was unable

to distinguish from Arm, vulgare.

Of the above eleven species, Cylisticus converus and

320 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

Trichoniscus pygmaeus have not yet been taken in North

Devon ; the latter probably occurs, but has been overlooked.

Of the seventeen species I have collected in North Devon,

the following did not occur to me on Lundy :—Haplothalmus

danicus, B.-L. (near Barnstaple) ; Porcellio pictus, Brandt

(only once); P. levis, Latr. (only once in the north, but very

frequently ina garden at Topsham in South Devon) ; P. dila-

tatus, Brandt; Armadillidium album, Dollfus (River Taw),

A. pulchellum, A. nasatum; and Metoponorthus pruinosus,

Brandt.

I have never seen the butterscotch-coloured form of

O. asellus in North Devon, and it is also interesting to

note that, as regards Philoscia couchii, the typical grey

form occurs at Lundy, whereas on the North Devon coast I

have only observed a light variety, marbled with brown,

something like J. pusillus. A more extended study of

the land Isopoda of both localities is necessary before an

opinion can be expressed on the relations of the forms

penning on the mainland of North Devon and those on the

island.

XXXIX.—Rhynchotal Nvtes—XLIX. By W. L. DisTant.

HoMOPTERA.

Fam. Fulgoridz.

Subfam. Rican Zz.

The study of this subfamily has been very considerably

advanced by the publication in 1898 of Dr. Melichar’s

“« Monographie der Ricaniiden,” which was published in the

Annal, k.-k. nat. Hofmus. Bd. xiii., and is in the following

pages referred to as ‘‘ Mon. Ricaniid.” Edmund Schmidt

(Stett. ent. Zeit. 1905) has also, in his ‘ Die Ricaniiden des

Stettiner Museums,’ described a number of new species.

Fowler, in the ‘ Biol. Centr.-Amer.,’ has dealt with those of

Central America; and the splendid collection made by

Wallace in the Malayan Archipelago was described by

Walker some forty years ago, while some generic revision of

these species is attempted in this paper. The writer has had

an opportunity of working out a considerable number of the

species found in British India (Faun. Brit. Ind., Ryneh. i.

1906). We know little of the Ricaniine of Australia, and

a0? @ std * *

Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 321

much may be expected from that large region of diverse

environments, while the Ethiopian record will certainly be

much increased.

Genus Pocuazia.

Pochazia, Amy. & Serv. Hist. Hém, p. 528 (1843).

Type, P. fasciata, Fabr.

Pochazia gradiens.

Pochazia gradiens, Walk. Journ. Liun, Soc. Lond., Zool. i. p. 91 (1857) ;

Melich. Mon. Ricaniid. p. 218 (1898).

Ricania gradiens, Atkins. 5 Hei Asiat. Soc. Beng. lv. p. 60 (1886).

Ricania (Pochazia) flavocostata, Dist. Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 283.

Pochazia flavocostata, Melich. Mon. Ricaniid. p. 211, Taf. ix. fig. 9

(1898).

Hab. Malay Peninsula ; Sumatra ; Borneo.

Pochazia subatomaria.

Ricania subatomaria, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Lond. Zool. x. p. 143

(1868) ; Melich. Mon, Ricaniid. p. 344 (1898),

flab. Morty Island.

Pochazia emarginatus.

Flatoides emarginatus, Walk. Journ, Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 89 (1857).

Pochazia marginata, Melich. (nec Walk.), Mon. Ricaniid. p. 217, t. xiii.

fig. 3 (1898) ; Schmidt, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1905, p. 172.

Hab. Singapore ; Java ; Sumatra; Borneo.

Dr. Melichar has fallen into confusion over this species.

He has figured it correctly, but has given incorrect references.

It was described by Walker as above, but Melichar has

referred to the Ricania emarginata, Walk. (1868), from Sula,

which belongs to the genus Armacia and =A. latipennis,

Walk. He has also referred to the Flatoides marginatus,

Walk. (1851), as a synonym of the species, and hence the

older name; but /. marginatus, Walk., belongs to the genus

Epitemna, and although unlocalised by its describer is un-

doubtedly a West-African species.

Pochazia subflava, sp. n.

Head, face, pronotum, and mesonotum piceous; lateral

margins and carinations to vertex, lateral and apical margins

to face, and the whole of the clypeus ochraceous; anterior

and posterior margins and central carination to pronotum

322 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

and anterior lateral areas to mesonotum dull reddish ; abdo-

men above and body beneath and legs ochraceous ; tegmina

pale bright shining yellow, the costal membrane, apical

margin, claval area, a transverse irregularly angulate fascia

beyond middle, and two small discal spots on basal area

(the outermost largest) more or less brownish ochraceous, on

costal membrane—above the transverse fascia—a yellow

transverse spot ; wings pale yellow, the veins slightly darker

yellow; vertex with the lateral margins ridged, a transverse

carination near base and a central longitudinal carination ;

face tricarinate, the central carination straight and continuous,

the lateral carinations curved and not reaching apex ; clypeus

with a central longitudinal ridge; pronotum centrally longi-

tudinally carinate ; mesonotum tricarinate, the central cari-

nation straight, the lateral ones curved and meeting anteriorly,

from near their middle a straight carinate line connects them

with the anterior margin.

Long., excl. tegm., 7 mm.; exp. tegm. 30 mm.

Hab. North Borneo; Laluk Riv. (Brit. Mus.).

Allied to P. crocata, Melich., from Sumatra.

Pochazia aurulenta, sp. n.

Body pale brownish ochraceous; legs pale ochraceous ;

tegmina and wings pale saffron-yellow, the veins almost

concolorous; vertex with a central longitudinal carination ;

face with three carinations, the central one straight and con-

tinuous, the lateral ones short and curved; clypeus centrally

ridged ; pro- and mesonota somewhat mutilated in type, the

latter, however, distinctly tricarinate; posterior tibize with

four spines, the two nearer base very small, the other two

prominent; tegmina short and broad, subtriangular, costal

margin arched at base, a little concavely sinuate before

middle, apical angle obtusely acute, apical margin nearly

straight, much longer than inner and almost as long as costal

margin.

Long., excl. tegm., 9 mm.; exp. tegm. 26 mm.

Hab. Borneo; Brunnei (Brit. Mus.).

Allied to P. triangularis, Dist.

A species described by Walker, the type of which cannot be found

in the British Museum.

Ricania antica, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. x.

p- 162 (1868).

Pochazia antica, Melich. Mon. Ricaniid. p. 217 (1898).

Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 323

Flab. New Guinea,

Other types of species described by Walker as belonging

to the Ricaniinee cannot be found at present in the National

Collection, but mention must be made of the above, as it is

included by Melichar in the genus Pochazia as a valid species.

Dr. Melichar, however, had not seen it and only reproduces

Walker’s description.

Genus RICANIA.

Ricania, Germ. Mag. Ent. iii. p. 221 (1818).

Type, 2. fenestrata, Fabr.

Ricania stigma.

Flatoides stigma, Walk. List Hom. ii. p. 410 (1851).

Ricania subfusca, Melich. Mon. Ricaniid, p. 230 (1898).

Hab. Brit. India; Tenasserim ; Nicobar Islands ; Borneo ;

Celebes ; Japan.

Ricania trimaculata.

Ricania trimaculata, Guér. Voy. Coq., Ins. p. 190 (1830) ; Melich. Mon.

Ricaniid. p. 238, af. xi. fig. 19 (1898).

Ricania albosignata, Stil, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Férh. 1865, p. 161.

Ricania atomaria, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. x. p. 147

(1868) ; Melich. Mon. Ricaniid. p. 240 (1898).

Hab. New Guinea; Aru; Batchian; Waigiou.

Ricania caliginosa.

Ricania caliginosa, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. x. p. 144

(1868); Melich. Mon. Ricaniid. p. 332 (1898).

Ricania simpler, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. x. p, 144

(1868); Melich. Mon. Ricaniid. p. 342 (1898).

Hab. Aru; Waigiou.

Ricania consanguinea, sp. n.

Head and pronotum brownish ochraceous; mesonotum

picgprs ; abdomen above piceous, the base and apex more or

ess ochraceous ; face, clypeus, body beneath, and legs pale

ochraceous ; tegmina black with two oblique white fascie,

the innermost extending from a little beneath claval suture

to near the lower apex of the radial area, the outermost

between the first and the apical margin, broadly inwardly

notched above middle, and attenuated near costal margin, on

costal membrane above innermost fascia is a white spot with

324 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

a much smaller one near its outer apex; base of clavus, part

of basal cell, and extreme base of costal membrane more or

less ochraceous; wings pale fuscous, the outer and inner

margins darker fuscous and the basal area whitish; face

obscurely centrally and sublaterally carinate; pronotum

centrally longitudinally carinate ; mesonotum tricarinate, the

central carination straight and continuous, the lateral cari-

nations angularly anteriorly narrowed inwardly and near

their middle connected by a straight carinate line with the

anterior margin.

Var.—Head and pronotum paler and more greyish; ground-

colour of tegmina greyish brown, not black.

Long., excl. tegm., 7 mm.; exp. tegm. 21 to 22 mm.

Hab. Queensland (F’. P. Dodd, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to R. episcopus, Walk., from China and Japan.

Ricania rubrifascia, sp. n.

rubrifascia, Walk. MS.

Vertex, face, pronotum, and mesonotum black, more or

less greyishly tomentose; anterior area of pronotum dull

castaneous ; abdomen above black, its base pale ochraceous ;

legs pale brownish, the femora darker; tegmina castaneous,

greyishly tomentose, with two prominent straightly transverse

castaneous fasciz which are not greyishly tomentose, the

first near base, the second a little beyond middle, before apical

margin a broken maculate fascia of the same colour, two

oblique greyish-white spots on costal membrane, the first

near middle, the second near apex, another greyish-white spot a

little below middle of apical margin; wings fuscous brown,

two small contiguous greyish-white spots near apex of costal

margin; face with the carinations subobsolete, the central

most distinct but neither quite reaching base nor apex ;

carinations to the mesonotum distinctly prominent ; tegmina

somewhat short and broad, the apical about as long as inner

margin.

Long., excl. tegm., 64 mm.; exp. tegm. 18 mm.

Hab. Ceram (Wallace, Brit. Mus.).

Ican find no trace of a description by Walker of this

beautiful species.

Ricania protea, sp. n.

Vertex piceous brown or black; pronotum and mesonotum

dull black, the carinations more or less piceous brown ;

abdomen above black, somewhat shining, narrowly greyish at

Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 325

base; body beneath black ; lateral margins of face, legs,

rostrum, and a spot near base of anal segment ochraceous ;

legs more or less spotted or suffused with piceous; tegmina

black, a costal spot a little beyond middle, a broad central

angulate transverse fascia commencing beneath the costal

spot, broadly extending inwardly at about one-third from

posterior claval margin, and then more narrowly and straightly

continued to posterior claval margin at about one-third from

base, and the apical margin beneath apex greyish white ;

wings pale fuscous hyaline, the veins piceous; pronotum

with a central longitudinal carination ; mesonotum tricarinate,

the central carination straight, the lateral carinations curved

and meeting on anterior margin, the latter also connected

with the anterior margin by a straight carination from near

their middle ; tegmina short and broad.

Var. a.—'l'egmina with the costal and apical marginal pale

markings present, but the large discal fascia absent.

Var, b.—Costal spot present or obsolete, remaining pale

markings absent.

Long., excl. tegm., 6 mm.; exp. tegm. 16 to 18 mm.

Hah, Queensland (F. P. Dodd, Brit. Mus.).

Ricania aurora, sp. n.

Vertex and pronotum pale ochraceous; mesonotum brownish

ochraceous, with a black spot on each posterior lateral margin ;

abdomen above, body beneath, and legs pale ochraceous ;

tegmina pale shining ochraceous, a paler ochraceous spot

crossing costal membrane at apex of radial area, just beyond

which there is a black spot and another of the same colour at

apex near margin; wings hyaline, with the venation pale

ochraceous ; face broad, faintly tricarinate, none of the

carinvations reaching the posterior margin; vertex and pro-

notum centrally longitudinally finely carinate ; mesonotum

finely tricarinate, the lateral carinations curved, meeting on

anterior margin and also connected with it by a straight

earinate line on each side; tegmina short and broad, their

apices convexly rounded.

Long., excl. tegm., 65 to 7 mm.; exp. tegm. 21 mm,

Hab. Queensland (F. P. Dodd, Brit. Mus.).

A larger and more brightly coloured species than R. con-

fusa, Melich. ; tegmina with their apices convex.

MARLEYIA, gen. nov.

Veitex short, broad, the lateral margins distinctly, the

anterior margin more finely ridged, centrally longitudinally

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 23

326 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

carinate, the eyes a little projecting beyond the margins of

the pronotum ; face broader than long, tricarinate; clypeus

not carinate; pronotum longer than vertex, centrally longi-

tudinally carinate; mesonotum tricarinate, the central

carination straight, the lateral carinations curved and

meeting on anterior margin, from near the middle of the

latter a short curved carination connects them with the

anterior margin; legs short, robust, posterior tibia with

two spines on apical half; tegmina strongly waved and

sinuate, the costal margin convexly rounded for about two-

thirds from base and then concavely sinuate to apex, which

is broadly sinuately truncate, apical margin broadly bi-sinuate,

costal membrane broad and coarsely transversely veined,

basal cell connected with five longitudinal veins, the first and

second with a common origin at its upper apex, the third and

fourth with a common origin at its lower apex, the fifth from

its lower margin and subclaval.

This genus is intermediate between Mulvia, Stal, and

Epitemna, Melich. The shape of the tegmina allies it to

Epitemna, from which it is separated by the four upper

Jongitudinal veins being emitted close to the cell and not

bifureating at some distance from it, thus resembling the

venation of Mulvia ; the species are also small as in that

genus.

I have founded the name of this genus on that of my

friend Mr. Bell-Marley, who has done so much to assist us

in collecting Natalian Rhynchota.

Type, MZ. brunnescens, Dist.

Marleyia brunnescens, sp. n.

Body and tegmina ochraceous brown ; legs paler, annulated

with ochraceous brown; tegmina finely palely spotted on

basal half of costal margin and on the apical margin, the

spots on the latter more numerous and confluent than on the

former, a larger pale spot on costal margin just before apex ;

wings a little paler ochraceous brown ; posterior tibiz with

two strong spines on apical area.

Long., excl. tegm., 5} mm.; exp. tegm. 14 mm.

Hab. Natal; Durban (Guenzius, Brit. Mus.).

Marleyia albomaculata, sp. n.

Vertex, pronotum, and mesonotum piceous ; abdomen above

black, its base stramineous; face, clypeus, sternum, and legs

stramineous, the latter indistinctly annulated with fuscous ;

Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 327

abdomen beneath piceous, with the base stramineous ; teg-

mina black, claval area more or less piceous brown, basal

half of costal margin minutely spotted with whitish, upper

half of apical margin whitish, an irregular transverse series

of whitish spots crossing tegmen near middle, one large and

rounded a little before and beneath apex, one semilunate near

middle, and a third deeply notched above clavus, before and

near these spots a number of smaller and nebulous spots of

the same colour; wings with the basal halves dull greyish,

the apical halves fuscous. Structural characters as in generic

diagnosis.

Long., excl. tegm., 5 mm.; exp. tegm. 15 mm.

Hab, Natal; Durban (Bell-Marley).

Genus EPITeMNA.

ZEipitemna, Melich. Men. Ricaniid. p. 247 (1898).

Type, LZ. retracta, Walk.

E/pitemna marginata.

Flatoides marginatus, Walk. List Hom. ii. p. 415 (1851).

Pochazia marginata, Melich. (part.), Mon. Ricaniid. p. 217 (1898).

Epitemna pilifera, Melich. Mon. Ricaniid. p. 250 (1898).

Walker’s type is without a locality, but the British

Museum has since acquired an example of the species collected

by Sef. Escalera in the Cameroons. The Z. pilifera, Melich.,

of which I possess the type, is an exact synonym of Walker’s

species, but I am answerable for the erroneous locality

“ Antillen.” I forwarded my unworked material to Dr.

Melichar when he was preparing his monograph, and amongst

them some specimens which I had acquired as from, and

labelled, ‘“‘ West Indies.””,. This must have been a wrong

locality, and they should all have probably been labelled

“West Africa.” The same remark applies to the following

species.

Epitemna retracta.

age retractus, Walk. List Hom. ii. p. 416, iv. t. iii, fig. 3

(1851).

Epitemna retracta, Melich. Mon. Ricaniid. p. 248 (1898).

Epitemna speculifera, Melich. loc, cit. p. 250,

Hab. W. Africa.

Genus RICANOPTERA.

Ricanoptera, Melich. Mon, Ricaniid, p. 253 (1898).

Type, R. inculta, Melich.

23*

328 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

Ricanoptera varia.

Ricania varia, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. x. p. 155 (1868).

Hab. Flores.

Genus EURICANIA.

Euricania, Melich. Mon. Ricaniid. p. 258 (1898).

Type, E. ocellus, Walk.

Euricania concinna.

Tarundia concinna, Stal, Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. (3) i. p. 590 (1863),

Hab. Aru Islands.

Luricania subapicalis.

Ricania subapicalis, Walk. Journ. Linn, Soc. Lond., Zool. x. p. 153

(1868).

Hab. Aru Islands.

Luricania aperiens.

Flatoides aperiens, Walk. List Hom. Suppl. p. 103 (1858).

Hab. Fiji Islands.

A small species allied to Z. tristicula, Stal.

MorTuMOTUA, gen. nov.

Resembling Huritcania ; tegmina with the first longitudinal

vein proceeding from the upper end of basal cell and furcate

before middle as in Euricania, second and third not arising

from acommon stem at lower end of basal cell, but second

and third bifurcating beyond cell, all the veins connected and

the whole corium covered with transverse veins; face as

broad as long, centrally and sublaterally carinate, the lateral

carinations strong and distinct.

Type, JL. trinotata, Walk.

Motumotua trinotata.

Ricania trinotata, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. x. p. 152

(1868).

Hab. New Guinea.

Motumotua bicincta.

Ricania bicincta, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc, Lond., Zool. x. p. 153 (1868).

Hab. Morty.

Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 329

Morua, gen. nov.

Tegmina with the first and second longitudinal veins

proceeding from a common origin at upper end of cell, third

and fourth bifurcating from lower end of cell; basal third of

corium practically without transverse veins, remaining two-

thirds thickly transversely veined; other characters as in

Luricania and Motumotua.

Type, M. humeralis, Walk.

This genus is also allied to Hajar, Kirk., from the de-

scription of which it differs in having the clavus somewhat

thickly transversely veined, not “six or seven transverse

nerves (sic) in clavus,” corium not with “ few transverse

a but with the apical two-thirds thickly transversely

veined,

Motua humeralis.

Ricania humeralis, Walk. Journ, Linn. Soc, Lond., Zool, x. p. 161

(1868).

Hab. Mysol.

Motua? cribrata.

Ricania cribrata, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond,, Zool. x. p. 162 (1868).

Hab. Mysol.

Genus TARUNDIA. -

Tarundia, Stil, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. iii, p. 325 (1859); id, Rio Jan.

Hem. ii. p. 70 (1862).

Type, 7. servillei, Spin.

Tarundia boadicea, sp. nv.

Body and legs greenish ochraceous ; tegmina sordidly

hyaline, the venation fuscous, the stigma pale fuscous ; wings

pale hyaline, the venation fuscous; vertex short, broadly

transverse, the anterior and lateral margins ridged; face

about.as long as broad, tricarinate, the central carination

straight and continuous, the lateral carinations indistinct

and not continuous; clypeus centrally longitudinally ridged ;

posterior tibiz with a strong subapical spine; tegmina

with the costal membrane containing about ten transverse

veins, the stigma with five oblique veins, the venation very

similar to that of 7. glaucescens, Melich., as figured by that

describer (Mon. Ricanjid. Taf. xiii. fig. 16), but with the

venation of the clavus different to that species, in the usually

330 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

six transverse veins, the first and second are somewhat close

together before middle, the third and fourth similarly placed

beyond middle, the fifth and sixth wide apart between the

latter pair and apex, sometimes there is an additional trans-

verse vein between the first pair and the base.

Long., excl. tegm., 7 mm. ; exp. tegm. 23 to 24 mm.

Hab. New Britain.

A few specimens of this species were sent to me some

thirty years ago by the recently deceased Dr. Schmeltz, at

that time custodian of the then Godeffroy Museum at Hamburg.

I could not then identify it, but the figures of the described

species given by Dr. Melichar in his monograph of the

subfamily now enable me to do so. I have placed a eotype

in the British Museum.

T. boadicea is allied to T. glaucescens, Melich., by the

venation of the corium, but differs by that of the clavus,

which more resembles that of 7’. curtula, Melich.

APACHNAS, gen. nov.

Vertex short, broadly transverse, the eyes considerably

extending over the lateral margins of the pronotum; face

about as long as broad, the posterior lateral margins obliquely

directed to clypeus, tricarinate, the central carination straight,

the lateral carinations moderately oblique; clypeus finely

medially carinate; pronotum broader than vertex, centrally

carinate; mesonotum tricarinate, the lateral carinations ante-

riorly curved inwardly and outwardly doubly attached to the

anterior margin, by a longitudinal carinate line from near

middle and by a shorter line near anterior margin ; posterior

tibize with two strong spines on apical area; tegmina and

wings hyaline; tegmina with the costal and apical margins

subequal in length, each much longer than the inner margin

and with the costal membrane a little narrower than the

radial area, with five transverse veins close together at base

and three (wide apart) between these and stigma, which con-

tains about seven oblique transverse veins ; basal cell emitting

three longitudinal veins from its outer margin, which are

connected by transverse veins at about one-fourth from base,

a second series of transverse veins and a subapical series of

transverse veins, together enclosing four series of cells, there

is also a continuous series of submarginal transverse veins,

defining a narrow marginal area, clavus with the claval vein

connected with the inner and posterior margins by two short

oblique veins at a little before middle, followed by about four

transverse veins somewhat wide apart.

Allied to Tarundia and Hajar.

Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 331

Apachnas nobilis, sp. n.

Body and legs olivaceous; tegmina hyaline, the venation,

interspaces between the basal transverse veins of costal

membrane, stigma, a spot immediately beneath it with a’ pale

centre, and costal margin from stigma to about one-fourth of

apical margin, fuscous brown, a series of small pale fuscous

apical marginal spots, this marginal area a little darker than

the discal colour of the corium; wings hyaline, the venation

fuscous ; structural characters as in generic diagnosis.

Long., excl. tegm., 64 mm.; exp. tegm. 22 mm.

Hab. Nilgiris; N. slope, 3300 feet (Sir G. Hampson).

Genus PRIVESA.

Privesa, Stal, Rio Jan. Hem. ii. p. 70 (1862).

Type, P. levifrons, Stal.

Privesa stipata.

Flatoides stipatus, Walk. List Hom. ii. p. 411 (1851).

? stipatus, Melich. Mon, Ricaniid. p. 343 (1898).

Hab. “ Australia.”

Genus ARMACIA.

Armacia, Stil, Rio Jan. Hem. ii. p. 70 (1862).

Type, A. elara, Stal.

Armacia basigera.

Ricania basigera, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. x. p, 158

(1868).

Ricania consobrina, Walk. loc. cit. p. 159.

Armacia basigera, Melich. Mon. Ricaniid. p. 290 (1898).

Armacia consobrina, Melich. loc. cit.

Hab. Papua.

Armacia latipennis.

Ricania latipennis, Walk, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. x. p, 160, t. iii.

fig. 15 (1868).

Ricania emarginata, Walk. loc. cit.

Alisca latipennis, Melich. Mon. Ricaniid. p. 293 (1898).

Hab. Aru, Batchian, Sula.

LUGARDIA, gen. nov.

Vertex very short, much broader than long, a little longer

332 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

at the region of the eyes, the lateral and anterior margins

moderately ridged; face broader than long, transversely

carinate between eyes, and between this carination and the

anterior margin there is a central longitudinal carination,

lateral margins straight at inner areas of eyes and then

obliquely narrowing to clypeus, which is very strongly cen-

trally ridged ; pronotum fully twice as long as vertex, ante-

riorly conyexly produced and centrally longitudinally carinate ;

mesonotum more than twice as long as pronotum, tricarinate,

the central carination straight, the lateral carinations curved

and meeting a little before anterior margin ; legs moderately

short and stout, the posterior tibia with two strong spines ;

tegmina about one and a half times longer than broad, the

apical considerably longer than the inner margin, costal

margin a little convexly arched, apex rounded, basal cell

emitting from its upper outer angle two contiguous longi-

tudinal veins with a common origin, from the lower outer

angles two other veins with a common origin and which

widely bifurcate and form a large cell, three transverse discal

series of large prominent cells, the central series shortest and

consisting of two cells only, the outer series longest; wings

somewhat small, the veins longitudinal.

This genus may be placed between Armaczta and Alisca.

Lugardia mimica, sp. n.

3g. Head, face, clypeus, pronotum, mesonotum, and ster-

num black, margins of sternum and suffusions to abdomen

ochraceous; legs black or piceous, annulations to the ante-

rior tibie, and all the tarsi ochraceous; tegmina black, with

a large, broad, discal, irregular, macular, hyaline fascia,

broadest on basal half of tegmen and upwardly narrowing to

costal margin near apex, costal margin irregularly marked

with small greyish-white spots and apical margin marked

with two clusters of larger hyaline spots, basal area sparsely

suffused with small linear ochraceous markings; wings

hyaline, the apical area broadly suffused with fuscous.

@. Allthe black markings of body and tegmina replaced

by piceous brown.

Long., excl. tegm., § 4, 2 5 mm.; exp. tegm., ¢ 16,

¢ 18 mm.

Hab. South Africa; N’Gami Country (Col. F. D. Lugard,

Brit. Mus.).

Lugardia mimica, apart from structural characters, exhibits

a strong superficial resemblance to Ricanoptera mellerborgi,

Stal, a well-known Oriental species. The difference in

Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 333

habitat, however, in agreement with a canon of the theory,

prevents its being adduced as an example of “ mimicry.”

Genus VUTINA.

Vutina, Stal, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (4) iv. p. 64 (1864).

Type, V. seamaculata, Sign.

Vutina atrata.

Flata atrata, Fabr. Syst. Rhyng. p. 47. 10 (1803),

Flatoides humeralis, Walk. List Hom. ii. p. 405 (1851).

Vutina atrata, Stil, Hem. Fabr. ii. p. 106 (1869).

Ricania feralis, Fowl. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Rhynch.-Hom. ii. pt. 1,

p. 65, t. viii. fig. 7 @ (1900).

Hab. Neotropical Region.

Genus Mriypura.

Mindura, Stl, Rio Jan. Hem. ii. p. 69 (1862) ; id. Ofy. Vet.-Ak, Férh.

xxvii. p. 770 (1870).

Type, A. alligata, Walk.

Stal originally (1862) gave the Flata obscura, Fabr., as

type of this genus. ‘This species he subsequently and

rightly, in his ‘ Hemiptera Fabrieciana’ (1869), placed in the

genus Pochazia. In his ‘Hemiptera Insularum Philippi-

narum’ (1870) he describes his Mindura subfasctata = Nogo-

dina alligata, Walk., and this must be taken as the type of

Mindura.

Mindura alligata.

Nogodina alligata, Walk. Journ. Linn, Soc. Lond., Zool. x. p. 170

(1868),

Mindura subfasciata, Stal, Ofy. Vet.-Ak. Férh. 1870, p. 770; Melich.

Mon. Ricaniid. p. 802 (1898):

Hab. Philippines, Ceram.

Mindura signatifrons.

Nogodina signatifrons, Walk. Journ, Linn, Soc. Lond., Zool. x. p. 164

(1868).

Hab. New Guinea.

Mindura guttifrons.

Nogodina guttifrons, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc, Lond., Zool, x. p. 164

(1868).

Hab. Sula.

334 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

Mindura invaria.

Nogodina invaria, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. x. p. 166

(1868).

Hab. Sula.

Mindura interrupta.

Pochazia interrupte, Walk, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. 1. p. 91

(1857).

Ricania walkert, Atkins, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. ly. p. 59 (1886).

Hab. Singapore.

LPB ee ecg ge

Genus SASSULA.

Sassula, St&l, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1870, p. 769.

Detya, Dist. Faun. B. L., Rhynch. iii. p. 387.

Type, S. osmyloides, Walk.

Sassula osmyloides.

Ricania osmyloides, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. i. p. 157

(1857).

Sassula osmyloides, Melich. Mon. Ricaniid. p. 312 (1898).

Nogodina sublineata, Walk. Journ. Linn. Sat Lond., Zool. x. p. 167

(1868) ; Melich. Mon. Ricaniid. p. 307 (1898).

Hab. Malayan Archipelago.

Sassula sorurcula.

Miriza sorurcula, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Férh. 1865, p. 164.

Sassula sor urcula, Melich. Mon. Ricaniid. p- 312 (1898).

Detya fusconebulosa, Dist. Faun. B. I., Rhynch. iii. p. 388 (1906),

Hab. Burma, Tenasserim, Cambodia, Borneo.

Sassula concolor.

Nogodina concolor, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. x. p. 166

(1868) ; Melich. Mon. Ricaniid. p. 809 (1898).

Hab. Morty.

Sassula subguttata.

Ricania subguttata, Walk. List Hom., Suppl. p. 105 (1858). q

Ricania subguttata, var., Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. x. p. 165

(1868).

Nogodina subguttata, Melich. Mon. Ricaniid. p. 809 (1898). :

Hab. Celebes. ,

Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 335

Sassula subviridis.

Nogodina subviridis, Kirby, Mon. Christmas Isld. p. 135, pl. xv. fig. 10

(1900).

Hab. Christmas Island.

BIOLLEYANA, gen. nov.

Allied to Sassula, Stal, but differing by the structure of

the face, which possesses three distinct longitudinal carine,

which are almost continuous from base to apex, the central

one straight, the others very slightly curved ; the tegmina

are also shorter and broader, not twice as lung as broad, which

they are in Sassula.

Type, B. pictifrons, Sta).

Biolleyana contains the Neotropical species hitherto in-

cluded in the Indian and Malayan genus Sassula.

I have dedicated this genus to the memory of the late

Prof. Biolley, of San José, Costa Rica, who did so much to

help workers on the insect fauna of Central America.

Biolleyana pictifrons.

Nogodina pictifrons, Stil, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxv. p. 53 (1864).

Sassula pictifrons, Melich. Mon. Rieaniid, p. 311 (1898); Fowl. (part.)

Biol. Centr.-Am., Rhynch.-Hom, i. p. 67 (1900).

Hab. Central America.

Biolleyana fenestrata.

Nogodina fenestrata, Gerst, Mitth. nat. Ver. Neu-Vorp. xxvii. p. 46

(1895).

Sassula fenestrata, Melich. Mon. Ricaniid. p. 313, Taf. xii. fig. 2 (1898).

Sassula pictifrons, Fowl. (part.) Biol. Centr.-Am., Rhynch.-Hom, i.

p. 67 (1900).

Hab. Panama, Honduras.

Fowler has not referred to this species in his enumeration

of the Central-American Ricaniide. The figure of the face

given by Melichar (Taf. xiii. fig. 22) is not accurate and

represents a species of the genus Sassula.

Biolleyana costalis.

Sassula costalis, Fowl. Biol. Centr.-Am., Rhynch.-Hom. i. p. 68, t. viii.

fig. 12 a (1900).

Hab. Nicaragua.

336 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

Genus VARCIA.

Vareia, Stil, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1870, p. 769.

Type, V. nigrovittata, Stal.

Vareta plena.

Nogodina plena, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. x. p. 168

(1868) ; Melich. Mon. Ricaniid. p. 308 (1898).

flab. Key Island.

Varcia flavicostalis.

Ricania flavicostalis, Kirby, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1888, p. 554.

Varcia flavicostalis, Melich. Mon. Ricaniid. p. 319 (1898) ; Kirby, Mon.

Christmas Isld. p. 133, pl. xv. fig. 7 (1900).

Var. affinis, Kirby.

Ricania affinis, Kirby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1888, p. 554.

Nogodina affinis, Melich. Mon. Ricaniid. p. 309 (1898) ; Kirby, Mon.

Christmas Isld. p. 134 (nec fig.) (1900).

Kirby, in the ‘Monograph of Christmas Island,’ has

followed Melichar in placing R. flavicostulis and R. affinis

in different genera. ‘They are, however, but vars. of one

species. The neuration in Kirby’s two figures has been

drawn too diverse.

Varcia venosa.

Nogodina venosa, Walk, Journ. Linn, Soc. Lond., Zool. x. p. 169 (1868).

Hab. Flores.

Walker refers to the differential characters between this

species and V. plena, Walk., as being found in the markings

of the face and the size of the tegminal stigma. In V. venosa

the costal membrane is narrower than in V. plena,

Varcia sordida, sp. n.

— sordida, Walk., MS.

In general appearance and markings very closely resembling

V. hemerobii, Walk., but smaller in size and with the costal

membrane very much narrower and containing ten to twelve

transverse veins; the face has four distinct black spots on

anterior margin. Other characters generally as inV. hemerobit.

Long., excl. tegm., 9 mm. ; exp. tegm. 24 mm.

Hab. Aru, Dorey (Brit. Mus.). Duke of York Island

(Coll. Dist.).

tt elt Dia Tidy *

Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 337

Varcia sordida possesses a narrower costal membrane than

that of any other species of the genus with which I am

acquainted.

Genus GATULIA.

Gatulia, Stal, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1864, p. 54.

Type, @. plenipennis, Walk.

Kirkaldy (Rep. Exp, Stat. Haw. Plant. Assoc. iii. p. 98,

1907) writes :—“‘ Distant states that the head is considerably

narrower than the pronotum. This is incorrect as a generic

character, for in G. chryscpoides the eyes project very slightly

beyond the pronotum ; Distant’s figure also scarcely bears out

his diagnosis; moreover, the clypeus is not carinate, as,

indeed, Stal also states.’’ This pronouncement of Kirkaldy

is unfortunately inaccurate and misleading.

1. That the head considerably narrower than the pro-

notum “ is incorrect as a generic character” is an amazing

remark when the accurate figure of the Neotropical type

(G. plenipennis, Walk.,=pudibunda, Stal) given by Fowler

(Biol. Centr.-Am., Rhynch.-Hom. i. t. viii. fig. 13) is avail-

able for consultation by one who is evidently unacquainted

with the species. The Australian species Ricania chryso-

poides, Walk., which Kirkaldy refers to as typical of Getulia,

has been so placed by none but himself; Melichar, in his

Monograph (not having seen the species), merely remarks

* Scheint zur Gattung Geculia zu gehoren.”

2. Stal did not state that “the clypeus is not carinate,’’

but “ clypeus lateribus haud carinatis.” The clypeus in the

type is strongly centrally carinate, and laterally, in my

opinion, also finely carinate; in the chrysopoides, Walk., it is

distinctly so.

NURUNDERIA, gen. nov.

Allied to Getulia, but differing by the head (including

eyes) being as wide as the pronotum ; face narrow elongate,

the margins parallel, not widened beyond middle, and then

obliquely narrowed to clypeus, which is centrally strongly

ic egy carinate and laterally finely carinate.

ype, V. chrysopotdes, Walk.

Nurunderia chrysopordes.

Ricania chrysopoides, Walk, Journ. Ent, i. p. 312 (1862).

Getulia chrysopoides, Kirk. Rep. Exp, Stat. Haw. Plant. Assoc. iii,

p. 98 (1907).

Hab, Sydney (type, Pascoe Coll. in Brit. Mus.).

338 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

POSTSCRIPT.

Subfam. Acuzzivz.

Apateson albomaculatum, Fowl. Biol. Centr.-Am., Rhynch.-

Hom. i. p. 70, tab. viii. fig. 15a (1900).

This genus and species were placed by Canon Fowler,

though with reservation, in the Ricaniide. By the structure

of the elypeus, which has the lateral margins strongly cari-

nate, it seems more naturally to belong to the Achiline.

Subfam. Jssrvz.

Genus GALBAL@CA.

Galbaleca, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. x. p. 170 (1868).

Type, G. retifera, Walk.

This genus, placed by Walker at the end of the Ricaniide

and after the genus Nogodina, belongs to the Issinz and is

allied to the genus Hupilis, Walk.

Galbaleca retifera.

Galbaleca retifera, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. x. p. 171

(1868).

Hab. New Guinea.

XL.—Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.—l.

By Rowtanp E. Turner, F.Z.8., F.E.S.

TueE following new species were presented to the British

Museum by Mons. A. Ducke, of the Paré Museum. The

collection is of interest as containing females of the little-

known Thynnid genus Scotena, Klug, which differ from

those of Spilothynnus in the short, broad, and more or less

excavated pronotum and in the form of the pygidium.

Fam. Thynnide.

Spilothynnus remotus, sp. 0.

3. Clypeus very slightly produced, narrowly and shal-

lowly emarginate at the apex, the angles of the emargination

produced into porrect tubercles, a very small tubercle in the

mS ——— ann

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. — 339

middle of the clypeus, a narrow shining space below the

tubercle reaching to the i the base and sides very finely

unctured. Mandibles bidentate, the inner tooth short and

lunt. Antenne inserted as far from each other as from the

eyes, longer than the thorax and median segment combined,

the apical joints arcuate. Front strongly, vertex more finely

and phallowly punctured, the interantennal prominence broad,

well developed, feebly bilobed at the apex. Posterior ocelli

about twice as far from the eyes as from each other. Thorax

and median segment punctured, closely on the sides of the

mesonotum and on the pleura, more sparsely elsewhere; the

paleo almost smooth, the anterior margin raised. Scutel-

um strongly raised, with an oblique triangular slope anteriorly,

broadly subtruncate at the apex. Median segment rounded,

much longer than broad. Abdomen slender, flattened and

elongate, very slender at the base, much longer than the

head, thorax, and median segment combined, sparsely bat

not finely punctured, the apical segments with rather long

fuscous pubescence on the sides. Hypopygium small, pro-

duced a little beyond the dorsal segment and rounded at the

apex. Third abscissa of the radius half as long again as the

second ; the third cubital cell receives the second recurrent

nervure at one-third from the base.

Black ; the mandibles (except at the apex), a curved spot

on the middle of the clypeus, the orbits of the eyes as high

as the base of the antenna, the apex of the interantennal

prominence, a short transverse line on each side at the

posterior angles of the head, a narrow curved band on each

side of the pronotum and a very short transverse line on each

side on the anterior margin, a curved spot on the mesopleurse

below the anterior wing, a narrow line on the mesonotum,

a small spot on the middle of the scutellum and one at each

of the anterior angles, a transverse line on the postscutellum

and the anterior angles, a curved oblique band on each side

on the apical half of the median segment, a small spot on

each side at the apex of the first abdominal segment, and a

spot at the apex ot the coxe yellow ; the four basal abdominal

segments ferruginous, very narrowly black on the apical

margin, the base of the first segment black. Wings very

pale flavo-hyaline, nervures ferruginous.

Length 16 mm.

Hab, Barbacena, Minas Geraes (4. Ducke), December.

A single specimen.

The colour is so variable in some species of Thynnide that

it is possible that this may be a varicty of histrio, Klug,

which I have not seen. Klug gives no details as to structure

340 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

except ‘clypeus medio productus, apice reflexus,” which does

not seem applicable to the present species.

Scotena vetusta, sp. n.

3. Clypeus very slightly produced and semicircularly

emarginate at the apex, produced on each side of the emargi-

nation into a long acute spine. Head finely and very closely

punctured, the interantennal prominence deeply emarginate

at the apex. Antenne inserted a little nearer to each other

than to the eyes, as long as the thorax and median segment

combined, the apical joints very feebly arcuate beneath.

Posterior ocelli more than twice as far from the eyes as from

each other; the posterior angles of the head only slightly

rounded. Pronotum narrower than the head, very minutely

punctured, the anterior margin raised, with a shining groove

behind it. Mesonotum, median segment, and dorsal segments

of the abdomen very closely and rather deeply punctured,

the scutellum a little more sparsely, the first dorsal segment

and the ventral surface of the abdomen sparsely and shallowly

punctured ; scutellum convex, broadly rounded at the apex ;

median segment rounded, a little longer than broad. Abdo-

men elongate, tapering to the base; the first segment

narrow, with a sulcus from the base nearly reaching the apex ;

the segments not constricted at the base ; the apical segment

rugose. Hypopygium short, not very narrow, reaching a

little beyond the dorsal segment and rounded at the apex.

Third abscissa of the radius fully half as long again as the

second, the second recurrent nervure is received by the third

cubital cell at one-fifth from the base.

Opaque black ; a spot on each side at the apex of the

clypeus, the anterior margin of the pronotum interrupted in

the middle, a spot on each side of the postscutellum, and a

small spot on each side of the four basal abdominal segments

yellow. Tegule, tibie, and tarsi, sometimes also the femora,

testaceous brown. Wings pale fusco-hyaline, darkest along

the costa, nervures fuscous, stigma testaceous.

Length 14-16 mm.

9. Head nearly twice as broad anteriorly as long, strongly

rounded at the posterior angles, shining, sparsely and

minutely punctured, with a few larger scattered punctures.

Pronotum much narrower than the head, more than half as

broad again as long, strongly carinate longitudinally in the

middle, concave on each side of the carina, the lateral mar-

gins raised and emarginate near the posterior angles, which

are subtuberculate, the median carina strongly broadened

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. — 341

posteriorly. Abdomen very sparsely and finely punctured ;

the first segment with the apical margin slightly raised, with

a narrow transverse groove before it; second segment with

three strong transverse caring including the raised apical

margin, and another very low carina just before the apex.

Pygidium rather narrow, slightly arched at the base, obliquely

truncate posteriorly, the surface of the truncation constricted

near the base, narrow before the constriction, the portion

beyond the constriction ovate with slightly raised margins.

Fifth ventral segment sparsely and not coarsely punctured.

Fuscous, paler on the thorax; head ferruginous ; legs

testaceous brown, a spot on each side of the two first abdo-

minal segments obscure ochreous.

Length 8 mm.

Hab. Barbacena, Minas Geraes (A. Ducke), November.

oe ee

Scotena ducket, sp. n.

&@. Clypeus narrowly produced and triangularly emarginate

at the apex, very slightly convex, shallowly punctured, with

sparse white pubescence. Head very finely and closely

punctured, with a longitudinal frontal sulcus, the inter-

antennal prominence emarginate at the apex, not strongly

developed, the front and sides of the head thinly covered with

white pubescence. Antenne inserted as near to each other

as to the eyes, shorter than the thorax and median segment

combined, filiform, the apical joints scarcely arcuate. ‘Thorax

and median segment shining, very finely punctured, more

closely on the sides of the mesonotum and base of the median

segment than elsewhere, the pronotum almost smooth.

Scutellum rather short, very broadly rounded posteriorly ;

median segment broader than long, not convex, obliquely

sloped from near the base. Abdomen elongate, tapering a

little at the extremities, longer than the head, thorax, and

median segment combined, segments 2-5 slightly constricted

at the base. Hypopygium projecting beyond the dorsal

segment, narrow, gradually narrowed to the blunt apex. The

ventral segments of the abdomen are rather strongly pune-

tured ; the dorsal segments shining, very sparsely and finely

punctured. The third abscissa of the radius is nearly twice

as long as the second; the second recurrent nervure is

Rocived just beyond two-fifths from the base of the third

cubital cell.

Black ; the mandibles (except at the apex), clypeus, inner

orbits of the eyes narrowly, two minute spots between the

antenne, a transverse line on each side at the posterior angles

Ann. & Mag. N, Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 24

342 Mr. R. E. Turner on Possorial Hymenoptera.

of the head, the margins of the pronotum, very narrowly

interrupted in the middle on the anterior margin, the tegule,

a quadrate spot on the mesonotum, a spot on the mesopleure

beneath the anterior wings, a broad band emarginate ante-

riorly on the scutellum and a spot at each of the anterior

angles, the postscutellum, the median segment (except at the

base and on the sides), a transverse band on the six basal

dorsal segments of the abdomen, narrowly interrupted on

segments 3-5 and very broadly on the sixth segment, yellow.

Wings hyaline, a faint-fuscous cloud in the apical half of the

radial cell, nervures black, stigma ferruginous. Legs fuscous,

the femora beneath and a line on the tibiz above yellow.

Length 10-12 mm.

?. Head slightly convex, half as broad again as long,

rounded at the posterior angles, minutely and rather closely

punctured, with a well-marked frontal sulcus, the clypeus

subcarinate. Pronotum nearly twice as broad as long, the

sides parallel, the lateral margins slightly raised near the

posterior angles, finely and sparsely punctured. Scutellum

small, broadly rounded at the apex. Median segment short,

scarcely longer than the scutellum, almost smooth, broadened

from the base and obliquely truncate posteriorly, with a small

low tubercle in the middie at the base of the truncation.

Abdomen very sparsely and shallowly punctured; the first

segment rather broadly depressed at the apex, the apical

margin very feebly raised ; second segment with four trans-

verse carinz, including the strongly raised apical margin, the

basal carina very low; third and fourth segments narrowly

depressed at the apex, the raised portion bilobed at the apex.

Pygidium narrow, compressed and arched at the base, trun-

cate posteriorly, the surface of the truncation about half as

long again as broad, the dorsal plate very short and narrow,

the ventral plate with nearly parallel sides, rounded at the

apex. Ventral segments sparsely but not finely punctured,

the fifth segment more closely than the others. ‘arsi slender,

the ungues bidentate.

Testaceous brown ; the head ferruginous, luteous on the

sides and at the base of the mandibles, the median segment

and the fourth dorsal segment of the abdomen fuscous.

Fresh specimens are entirely pale castaneous.

Length 6-7 mm.

Hab. Ceara (A. Ducke), April and May. 3 6,3 2.

Near Thynnus fastuosus, Sm., but that species, of which

only the male is known, is more strongly punctured and

rather more robust, though the clypeus and hypopygium are

similar.

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 3.43

Fam. Scoliida.

Anthobosca bipustulata, sp. n.

g¢. Clypeus very slightly produced and very shallowly

subemarginate at the apex, very minutely punctured. Head

and thorax very finely and closely punctured, more sparsely

on the vertex and scutellum, a shining, delicately impressed,

longitudinal line on the front. Eyes very broadly and

shallowly emarginate on the inner margin, the posterior ocelli

a little further from the eyes than from each other. An-

tennz very stout, tapering towards the apex, shorter than

the thorax and median segment combined, the second joint of

the flagellum broader than long, scarcely more than half as

long as the third joint. Median segment very closely and

minutely punctured, depressed on the sides round the stigma,

as long as broad, convex. Abdomen very slender, tapering

to the extremities, finely shagreened, the apical segment

punctured, the first segment longer than the second, slender

at the base. Apical ventral segment rounded and ciliate.

Tarsal ungues bidentate, the pad large.

Black ; the basal half ot the mandibles, the clypeus, a spot

on each side near the middle of the pronotum, a spot on the

posterior margin of the mesonotum, a minute spot near the

apex of the scutellum, a bilobed spot on the postscutellum,

and the tegule pale yellow. Legs ferruginous in the type,

but very variable in colour; the yellow markings on the

mesonotum and scutellum are also variable.

First abscissa of the radius more than half as long as the

second, the two together shorter than the third. Second

recurrent nervure received close to the middle of the third

cubital cell.

Length 7-13 mm.

Hab. Barbacena, Minas Geraes (A. Ducke). Seven

specimens.

Very near albomacu/ata, Sm., but in that species the second

recurrent nervure is received at one-third from the base of

the third: cubital cell, not in the middle, and the abdomen is

not quite soslender. It is more distinct from antennata, Sm.,

and will probably prove to be the male of bimuculata, Perty.

The second recurrent nervure in bimaculata is received in the

middle of the third cubital cell as in this species.

"844 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

XLI.—Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Syntomide,

Arctiade, Agaristide, and Noctuide. By Sir Gzorce F,

Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S.

Tue following paper forms a fifth supplement to the first six

volumes of the ‘Catalogue of Lepidoptera Phalenz in the

British Museum,’ the former papers having appeared in the

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. viii. pp. 165-186 (1901),

vol. xi. pp. 837-851 (1903), vol. xv. pp. 425-453 (1905), and

vol. xix. pp. 221-257 (1907).

The numbers before the species indicate their position in

the classification adopted in those volumes. The types are

in the British Museum.

Syntomide.

232 a. Hyalethea bivitreata, sp. nu.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen brown; palpi (except at

tips), frons, shoulders, pectus, legs, and ventral surface of

abdomen orange. Fore wing brown, with a purplish tinge ;

a wedge-shaped hyaline patch in cell and elongate triangular

patch below the cell from near base to near tornus. Hind

wing brown, the base yellow, the lobe on inner margin

yellow.

Hab. Tenimper, Larat, 2 g type. Exp. 22 mm.

287 6. Metarctia pheoptera, sp. n.

?. Head and thorax fuscous brown; antenne with some

pink hair on basal joint in front; prothorax with a slight

pink spot; pectus with lateral pinkish streaks; coxe and

femora with some pinkish hair; abdomen dark brown, with

pinkish segmental rings. Fore wing uniform fuscous brown,

the cilia greyish at tips. Hind wing fuscous brown, the

disk somewhat semihyaline ; cilia greyish at tips.

Hab. Urrrer Conco (Wollaston), 1 2 type. Ezp.34mm.

287 c. Metarctia pumila, sp. n.

d- Head and thorax dark reddish brown; abdomen

yellowish suffused with red-brown. Fore wing uniform red-

brown with a greyish tinge. Hind wing white suffused with

ochreous.

?. Head and thorax fuscous brown; sides of pectus and

cox with some yellow; abdomen yellowish suffused with

fuscous brown forming obscure bands, the ventral surface

Genera and Species of Syutomide. 345

fuscous brown with paired series of yellowish spots. Fore

wing uniform fuscous brown. Hind wing fuscous brown

with the interspaces of disk semihyaline.

Hab, Ucanva, White Nile, Gondokoro (Reynes-Cole), 2 2,

2 92 type. Ezp., d 32, 2? 36 mm.

Genus Lasiosceces, nov.

Type, Z. erythrozonata.

Proboscis fully developed; palpi upturned, the second

joint reaching about to vertex of head and clothed with long

hair, the third moderate; antenne of male with very short

branches dilated at extremity from near base to three-

fourths, the apex serrate ; thorax clothed with rough woolly

hair; abdomen with rough hair at base. Fore wing with

vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 5 from just above angle ;

6 from upper angle; 7, 8,9, 10 stalked; 11 from cell.

Hind wing with veins 2, 3, 4 strongly stalked; 5 obsolescent

from middle of discocellulars ; 6,7 stalked; the area from

apex to below middle of cell and submedian fold on upperside

clothed with brownish-ochreous androconia.

385 a. Lasiosceles erythrozonata, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax black-brown with a slight bluish

gloss; pectus in front and tufts of hair on the femora

crimson; abdomen black, with crimson dorsal and lateral

bands. Fore wing black, the terminal area brownish; two

elongate hyaline spots in end of cell and two shorter spots

below end of cell ; four spots beyond the cell between veins

7 and 3, the upper spots elongate, the lowest wedge-shaped.

Hind wing black-brown, with two elongate hyaline spots

beyond the cell above and below vein 5, the area beyond

them and below them to submedian fold brownish ochreous.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui, 1 g type. Hap. 48 mm.

402 a. Phenicoprocta flavipicta, sp. n.

@. Head and tegule black-brown, with patches of

metallic blue, the tegulz with yellow patches ; palpi greyish

in front ; antenne white at tips; patagia yellow; thorax

brown ; pectus at sides with patches of yellow and metallic

blue, the fore cox white, the mid and hind cox yellow;

abdomen brown, with patches of metallic blue, the first

segment with paired dorsal yellow stripes, the other segment

with yellow dorsal bands, the anal tuft orange, the ventral

valve yellow edged with white. Fore wing hyaline, the veins

346 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

and margins black ; a black discoidal bar, the terminal band

expanding towards apex. Hind wing hyaline, the veins,

costal area, and a terminal band black.

Hab. Br. Guiana (Rodway), 1 3g type. Ezp. 32 mm.

561 a. Dizxophlebia holophea, sp. n.

&. Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown with a faint

bluish gloss; sides of frons grey ; ventral surface of abdo-

men greyish. Fore wing black-brown, with a hyaline streak

in the cell, a triangular fascia below the cell, and fascia above

basal half of vein 2. Hind wing black-brown, with hyaline

streak in and beyond lower end of cell to near termen.

Hab. Br. Guiana (Rodway), 1 g type. Exp. 26 mm.

592 a. Rhynchopyga steniptera, sp. n.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown. Fore wing

very narrow and elongate, uniform black-brown. Hind

wing slightly paler.

Hab. Br. Guiana (Rodway), 1 ¢ type. Exp. 24 mm.

647 c. Dycladia xanthobasis, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax black-brown; palpi orange at base;

back of head and shoulders with orange stripes; abdomen

black-brown, suffused with metallic blue on terminal seg-

ments, lateral orange fascize with serrate upper edge. Fore

wing black-brown, the base orange ; a wedge-shaped hyaline

patch in basal half of cell and elongate patch below the cell ;

a hyaline band beyond the cell between veins 7 and 3, where

it extends to near termen, leaving a round black-brown

discoidal patch. Hind wing hyaline, the base orange, the

veins, a discoidal spot, an apical patch, and the inner area

(except at base) black-brown.

Hab. Br. Guiana (Rodway), 1 2? type. Eup. 26 mm.

737 a. Calonotos triplaga.

Calonotos tripunctata, Hmpsn. Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M. i. p. 335, nec

Druce.

6. Black; frons with pair of white patches ; tegule with

two small dorsal white spots; prothorax with two metallic-

green patches, metathorax with one patch; sides of pectus,

cox, and extremities of femora with white spots ; abdomen

with paired subdorsal and lateral small white spots, the other

segments with broad dorsal and lateral golden-green stripes,

Genera and Species of Syntomide. S47

the ventra) surface with white stripe. Fore wing with white

point at base of costa; a metallic-green streak below basal

half of costa and wedge-shaped patch below base of cell; an

elliptical medial semihyaline spot below the cell and round

patch beyond its extremity; a slight green mark below

extremity of cell. Hind wing with elliptical semihyaline

white spot beyond the cell; the underside with metallic-

green streak below costa to beyond middle and patch in cell.

Hab. Brazit, Amazons, Manaos (Scholz),1 ¢ type. Eup.

38 mm.

800 c. Hypocladia parcipuncta, sp. n.

&. Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown; palpi with

slight white marks at base; shoulders with crimson patches ;

cox white ; abdomen with pair of dorsal crimson spots at

base and ventral white patches (except on terminal segments).

Fore wing black-brown, with semihyaline streaks in and

below middle of cell and postmedial streaks between veins 7

and 2. Hind wing black- brown, with hyaline streaks in and

below cell and in the interspaces beyond it; the inner

margin with some white hair.

Hab, Br. Guiana (Rodway), 1 3 type. Eup. 30 mm.

835 a. Chrysostola atridorsata, sp. n.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen orange-yellow; antennz

black, with some white on shaft towards tips ; vertex of head

with black spot ; patagia and dorsum of thorax with black

stripes; pectus with lateral black spots; abdomen with

dorsal black stripe, the two terminal segments with black

bands, subdorsal short black stripes at base and middle and

sublateral black spots at base. Fore wing hyaline, the veins

and margins black; the base orange, an orange streak on

inner margin to beyond middle ; a black discoidal spot con-

joined to the costal fascia; the terminal band expanding

into a patch at apex. Hind wing hyaline, the veins and

margins black; the imner area and an apical patch black.

Hab. Br. Guiana (Rodway), 1 g type. Hep. 26 mm.

890 a. Methysia melanota, sp. n.

" @. Head, thorax, and abdomen black with a faint bluish

gloss ; palpi white in front; tegule white at base ; cox and

stripes on inner side of femora white; abdomen with white

ventral fascia. Fore wing hyaline, the veins and margins

black, the inner area black to submedian fold; a black

348 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

streak in discal fold from middle of cell to termen, the

terminal area with black streaks above veins 6and4, Hind

wing white, the margins and inner area black.

Hab. Br. Guiana (Rodway), 1 g type. Exp. 26 mm.

Genus GoNOTREPHES, nov.

Type, Thyrarctia friga, Druce.

Proboscis aborted, minute ; palpi obliquely upturned, the

second joint reaching about to middle of frons and moderately

fringed with hair, the third short; frons smooth; antenne

of male bipectinate with moderate branches to apex; tegulze

dorsally produced to form a hood ; tibie fringed with long

hair ; abdomen clothed with rough hair on dorsum, the anal

segment with long lateral tufts of hair. Fore wing with the

apex rather produced and acute, the termen angled at vein 5,

then obliquely curved; vein 3 from well before angle of cell ;

5 from well above angle; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10

stalked ; 11 from cell. Hind wing with vein 4 absent; 5

from well above angle of cell ; 6, 7 coincident.

1073 c. Eucereon metaloba, sp. n.

Hind wing of male with the tornal area strongly lobed,

but without fold and fringe of scales, the basal half of costa

slightly lobed.

6. Head and thorax fuscous brown mixed with grey;

neck with yellow ring; palpi white at base; fore coxe, the

femora and bands at extremity of fore tibie, and the first

joints of tarsi whitish ; abdomen fuscous brown with yellow

jateral spots at extremity, the ventral surface white. Fore

wing grey-white, the veins, discal and submedian folds with

brown streaks ; an indistinct somewhat dentate antemedial

line; a black medial line, oblique to submedian fold, then

angled inwards ; a small black annulus in middle of cell;

a diffused brown discoidal patch extending to costa with a

pale curved line on the discocellulars; a slight postmedial

white streak on costa; postmedial line blackish, rather

diffused and dentate to vein 5, then double and minutely

crenulate, bent inwards below vein 3; some irregular dark

subterminal marks from apex to vein 3 and above tornus.

Hind wing semihyaline greyish suffused with fuscous, the

costal area whitish except at apex ; the underside grey, with

dark discoidal bar, the termen suffused with brown from

apex to submedian fold.

Hab. Perv, La Oroya (Ockenden), 1 3 type. Lap.

30 mm.

Genera and Species of Arctiade. 349

1110 a. Eucereon perstriata, sp. n.

&. Head and thorax greyish mixed with dark brown ;

back of head with two yellow spots; gule yellow; patagia

with dark streaks near edges ; vertex of thorax with fine dark

streak ; abdomen dark brown with paired subdorsal and

sublateral yellow patches on two terminal segments, the three

basal segments with paired ventral whitish spots. Fore wing

ochreous whitish, the veins and interspaces streaked with

dark brown; an incurved antemedial brown line from cell

to vein 1; the medial part of costa dark brown; a dark

brown patch in middle of cell; reniform represented by an

oblique striga above and small spot below on inner side and

faint brown line on outer; postmedial line double, strongly

excurved from costa to vein 4, then strongly incurved,

crossed by a rather sinuous dark streak on vein 2 extending

to the subterminal pale line, which arises as a pale streak

from termen below apex, excurved to near termen at vein 2

and forming two pale streaks in submedian interspace ; apical

area dark brown. Hind wing semibhyaline whitish, the apex

and veins of terminal area tinged with brown; a fine brown

terminal line.

Hab. S8.E. Perv, 8. Domingo (Ockenden),1 3 type. LEzp.

44 mm.

Arctiade.

Norrw2.

10a. Celama mesotherma, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with rufous ;

palpi with the scales fringing the joints tipped with black ;

tibiz and the tarsi ringed with blackish. Fore wing white

irrorated with rufous and some fuscous; a subbasal black

point on costa; antemedial line brown defined on inner side

by white, angled outwards below costa, then oblique; medial

area suffused with rufous, the tufts of scales at middle and

upper angle of cell dark with oblique elliptical brownish

stigmata above them from costa; postmedial line blackish

and somewhat punctiform, defined on outer side by white,

slightly bent outwards below costa, oblique to vein 4, then

incurved and again excurved above inner margin ; subterminal

line white, defined on inner side by blackish scales with

rufous suffusion before them, angled outwards at vein 7,

excurved at middle and ending at tornus ; a punctiform dark

terminal line; cilia white mixed with some rufous and

300 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

fuscous. Hind wing white, tinged with ochreous brown,

especially towards termen; cilia white faintly tinged with

brown ; the underside white, the costal area irrorated with

brown.

Hab, Cryton, Rambakkhana (Alston), 1 ¢, Colombo

(Mackwood), 1 2 type; Bornzo, Sarawak (Meade-Waldo),

1 2, Sandakan (Pryer),1 2. Hap. 14 mm.

108. Celama rufimixta, sp. n.

Head and thorax white; palpi rufous; antenne tinged

with rufous ; thorax with some rufous behind tegule; tarsi

rufous ringed with white; abdomen white tinged with

rufous. Fore wing white, with some blackish irroration on

basal area and before postmedial line ; antemedial, medial,

and postmedial rufous patches on costa; the terminal area

suffused with rufous except at apex; antemedial line white,

defined on inner side by rufous and on outer side by black

from cell to inner margin, excurved in submedian interspace ;

large tufts of rufous and white scales in middle and at end

of cell ; an indistinct oblique waved line from lower angle of

cell to inner margin; postmedial line white defined on inner

side by brown, slightly bent outwards below costa and in-

curved below vein 4; subterminal line white slightly defined

on inner side by black scales, excurved below costa, at

middle, and above inner margin. Hind wing white, the

terminal area tinged with brown; the underside with the

costal area irrorated with brown, a dark discoidal striga.

Hab. Cryuton, Yatiyantota (Green), 1 3g type, Matale

(Pole),1 9, Wattegama (Mackwood),1 9. Hzp. 18 mm.

15a. Celama dentilinea, sp. n.

-@. Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with ochreous

brown ; fore tibize and the tarsi fuscous brown ringed with

white. Fore wing white tinged with ochreous brown and

slightly irrorated with fuscous; antemedial line blackish,

defined on inner side by white, curved, angled outwards in

submedian fold; the tufts of scales at middle and upper

angle of cell dark, with oblique elliptical brownish stigmata

above them from costa ; a waved dark line from lower angle

of cell to inner margin; postmedial line blackish, puncti-

form, oblique from costa to vein 6, then inwardly oblique;

terminal area suffused with ochreous brown, the subterminal

line white, strongly and evenly dentate; a brown terminal

line; cilia white tinged with ochreous brown. Hind wing

white, the costal area slightly tinged with ochreous brown.

Hab. Cryion (Alston), 1 ¢ type. Hap. 18 mm.

Genera and Species of Arctiadie. 351

5la. Celama pheocraspis, sp. n.

&. Head and thorax white mixed with some fuscous;

pap’ at sides and antennze (except basal joint) blackish ; legs

lackish, the tarsi ringed with white; abdomen pale ochreous.

Fore wing grey-white irrorated with fuscous, the terminal

area suffused with fuscous; a blackish subbasal bar from

costa to median nervure ; antemedial line black, expanding

into a small spot at costa, strongly excurved from below

costa to vein 1, where it is angled inwards, a blackish patch

beyond it in cell; a black point at upper angle of cell;

postmedial line black, strongly bent outwards and obso-

lescent below costa, then somewhat punctiform, very slightly

incurved at vein 6 and strongly below vein 4, some black

points beyond it on costa; subterminal line indistinct, dark,

oblique from costa to vein 7, where it is angled outwards,

excurved at middle and slightly angled inwards at discal and

submedian folds, the area beyond it suffused with fuscous

except at costa; cilia whitish, with a series of small fuscous

spots. Hind wing white, faintly tinged with brownish

ochreous.

?. Fore wing with the terminal area much less suffused

with fuscous, the subterminal line maculate, a terminal series

of small blackish spots.

Hab, 8. Nicerta, Olokemeji (Dudgeon), 1 3 type; Br. FE.

Arrica, Ndimu (Betton), 1 2. Eap., g 16, 2 20 mm,

61. Nola mesoscota, sp. n.

2. Head and thorax whitish mixed with rufous and

fuscous ; tarsi fuscous slightly ringed with white ; abdomen

grey tinged with rufous and mixed with fuscous. Fore

wing rufous mixed with some grey aud irrorated with

fuscous, the medial area before postmedial line and the

terminal area suffused with fuscous; a somewhat diffused

blackish antemedial line, angled outwards below costa, then

inwardly oblique ; slight tufts of dark scales in middle of

cell and on discocellulars ; postmedial line blackish, angled

outwards below costa and slightly at vein 4, then incurved,

some grey and fuscous marks beyond it on costa ; subterminal

line whitish, defined on inner side by blackish suffusion,

augled outwards below apex, then oblique and ending at

tornus; cilia with a whitish line at base. Hind wing

whitish tinged with fuscous brown, the cilia with a whitish

line at base ; the underside whitish thickly irrorated with

brown, a blackish discoidal bar.

352 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

Hab. Transvaat, White R. (Cooke), 2 2 type. Hap.

24 mm.

75 6. Nola achromia, sp. u.

3. Head and thorax white slightly tinged with yellowish ;

abdomen white. Fore wing white faintly tinged with rufous

and irrorated with a few black scales; traces of a postmedial

rufous line from vein 6 to middle of inner margin, with series

of blackish points on it, very oblique below vein 5 ; traces of

a rufous subterminal line, excurved below vein 7 and at

middle; a terminal series of minute black points. Hind

wing pure white; the underside with slight discoidal lunule.

Hab. Qurunstanp, Kuranda (Dodd), 1 g type. Hap.

16 mm.

LivHOstaAnz..

Genus HyposHapDA, nov.

Type, Scoliacma pelopis, Beth.-Baker.

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi porrect, not reaching

beyond the frons, which is rounded; anteune of male with

long cilia; hind tibiz with two pairs of spurs. Fore wing

long and narrow, the termen obliquely curved; the subcostal

and median nervures closely approximated to middle; vein 2

oblique, joined at middle by a spur curving upwards from

vein 16; 3, 4,5 from angle of cell; 6, 7 stalked from 9;

10 from angle; 11 from cell, free; a fringe of hair from

basal half of costa on underside ; the base of inner margin

fringed with hair. Hind wing very ample; the cell very

long; vein 2 from well before middle, becoming coincident

with 4; 3 from well before angle of cell, becoming coincident

with 4; 4, 5 from angle, the former very oblique; a re-

current vein in cell; 6, 7 on a long stalk, rather distorted ;

8 free, curving upwards to costa near base.

Genus STENILEMA, nov.

Type, S. aurantiaca.

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi porrect, hardly extending

beyond the frons, which is smooth; antenne of male

minutely serrate, with fasciculate cilia ; tibize with the spurs

short. Fore wing narrow, the apex rounded, the termen

obliquely curved ; vein 2 from towards end of cell, oblique ;

3, 4 coimcident; 5 absent; 6 from upper angle; 7, 3, 9

Genera and Species of Arctiade. 353

stalked, 7 from before 9; 10 from cell; 11 anastomosing

with 12. Hind wing with veins 3, 4 coincident; 5 absent ;

6,7 stalked ; 8 from middle of cell.

229 a. Stenilema aurantiaca, sp. n.

g. Head and base of tegule orange; antenne brown;

tips of tegulz and thorax fuscous tinged with leaden grey ;

pectus, legs, and abdomen deep orange. Fore wing leaden

grey, a costal fascia, a fascia on base of inner margin, and

the cilia deep orange. Hind wing deep orange.

Hab. Axsyssinta (Drake-Brockman), 1 3g type. Exp.

34 mm. ;

229 c. Phryganopsis hemiphea, sp. n.

Antenne of male serrate and fasciculate ; fore wing with

vein 6 stalked with 7, 8, 9.

¢. Head and thorax orange; antennze brown except at

base; tibiz and tarsi brown; abdomen orange dorsally,

tinged with brown except at extremity. Fore wing with the

costal half yellow, extending to inner margin near base and

narrowing to a point at apex, the costa orange, the inner half

grey-brown; an erect fuscous band just beyond middle.

Hind wing pale yellow, the termen grey-brown towards apex.

Hab, Ueannva, White Nile, Gondokoro (Reynes-Cole),

1 g type. Ezp. 30 mm.

296 a. Ilema rubrescens, sp. u.

?. Head and thorax pale red-brown with a yellowish

tinge ; abdomen grey, tinged with rufous. Fore wing pale

red-brown with a yellowish tinge; an indistinct fuscous

postmedial line, oblique from costa to vein 4, then inwardly

oblique. Hind wing whitish faintly tinged with red-brown.

Hab. Formosa, Kagi Distr.,1 2 type. Hap. 40 mm.

415a. Agylla brunneostriala, sp. n.

dg. Head and thorax ochreous suffused with reddish

brown; abdomen ochreous white. Fore wing ochreous

white, the inner half suffused and irrorated with red-brown,

forming ill-defined streaks in the interspaces between veins

5 and 2; a brown streak below basal half of costa and two

short streaks in end of cell; slight brown streaks in the

interspaces below costa towards apex and slight brown marks

in the terminal interspaces towards apex. Hind wing white

slightly tinged with brown, the terminal area more str ngly

354 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

tinged; the underside with the costal half suffused with

brown.

Hab. S.E. Perv, Limbani (Ockenden), 2 3 type. Exp.

44 mm.

425 a. Agylla sanguivitta, sp. n.

Head and thorax fuscous, palpi blood-red, fuscous at tips ;

frons, antennz, and patches on tegule and patagia blood-

red; pectus whitish; head with shght white line behind ;

metathorax edged with white behind; legs fulvous, the fore

tibiz and tarsi with fuscous streak in front; abdomen

ochreous, dorsally tinged with grey. Fore wing silvery

white ; a narrow orange-red fascia on costa; the inner area

purplish fuscous except at base, with blood-red fascia above

submedian fold from near base to beyond middle. Hind

wing semihyaline white; the underside with ochreous fascia

on costa.

Hab, S.E. Perv, Limbani (Ockenden), 1 g, 1 2 type,

Aquilane (Ockenden),2 g. Ezxp., 3 42, 2 46 mm.

453 6. Metareva endoscota, sp. n.

2. Head and thorax white tinged with fuscous ; abdomen

white. Fore wing silvery white, the inner area tinged with

fuscous below submedian fold. Hind wing pure white.

Hab. 8.E. Peru, La Oroya (Ockenden), 1 2 type. Hap.

34 mm.

455 a. Pasteosia orientalis, sp. nu.

Fore wing with veins 7, 8,9 stalked, 7 from beyond 9;

10 from cell.

9. Head and thorax pale ochreous, the palpi blackish at

base ; abdomen grey-white, the ventral surface ochreous.

Fore wing ochreous irrorated with fuscous brown; a minute

black streak in middle of cell and two discoidal points ; a

curved diffused brownish postmedial line ; slight subterminal

dark marks below vein 3 and in submedian interspace; a

punctiform brown terminal line; cilia whitish. Hind wing

grey tinged with fuscous brown ; the cilia whitish.

Hab. Sincarore (Ridley), 1 2 type. Exp. 22 mm.

528 6. Anaphosia aurantiaca, sp. n.

$. Head, thorax, and abdomen orange; tibiz streaked

with black; tarsi black and orange. Fore wing yellowish

white, the inner and terminal areas more or less strongly

Genera and Species of Arctiade. 355

suffused with orange ; costa black ; an oblique sinuous black

medial line, incurved from median nervure to vein 1 ; an

oblique sinuous black postmedial line, excurved below costa

and joined at vein 5 by a curved black line from costa before

apex ; an oblique black streak from just beyond postmedial

line below vein 4 to termen; a black terminal line; cilia

orange. Hind wing orange. Underside of fore wing with

black suffusion in and below cell to medial line and beyond

middle of postmedial line.

Hab. Transvaat (C. H. Pead), 2 g type. Exp. 44mm,

543 a. Manoba atripuncta, sp. n.

“$8. Head and thorax pale grey tinged with brown ; palpi

black except at base ; abdomen grey, dorsally suffused with

fuscous brown. Fore wing grey tinged with brown; the

costal edge black towards base ; subbasal black points below

costa and cell with a black point beyond them in the cell; a

diffused fuscous bar from middle of costa and a slight nearly

erect line from cell toinner margin; postmedial black points

above and below vein 6; a fuscous spot on costa before

apex and a curved subterminal series of black points; a

terminal series of black points. ind wing grey suffused

with fuscous brown.

Hab. 8. Nigeria, Old Calabar (Sampson), 1 g type. Exp.

14 mm.

634 a. Chionema formosana, sp. 0.

?. Head, thorax, and abdomen white; palpi red-brown

at sides ; tegule with scarlet tips; inner side of fore tibize

and the tarsi red-brown. Fore wing white; the costa scarlet

towards base; subbasal line scarlet, angled outwards in cell

and ending at vein 1; antemedial line scarlet, excurved

below costa and angled inwards below the cell; a small

black spot in end of cell and two obliquely placed on disco-

cellulars ; postmedial line scarlet, broad, strongly excurved

between discal and submedian folds ; a terminal scarlet band

with slightly waved inner edge, expanding at apex and

angled inwards in submedian fold. Hind wing pale crimson,

the costal area to beyond middle and the cilia white.

Hab. Formosa, Kagi Distr., 1 ¢ type. Exp. 44 mm.

694a. Chionema asticta, sp. n.

Fore wing of male with vein 5 from middle of cell, 6 from

upper angle, 7 and 9 stalked, 8 absent, the lobe represented

356 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

by a slight distortion, and veins 10, 11 almost obsolete; of

female with vein 5 from lower angle of cell, 6 stalked with

7 and9; 10, 11 from cell.

White; palpi blackish; antennz tinged with fuscous

except at base; tegule edged with orange in male; fore legs

tinged with fuscous in front. Fore wing with the costal

edge orange to beyond middle; the underside with the costa

suffused with orange.

Hab. QuexEnstanpd, Kuranda (Dodd), 1 g, 1 2 type.

Exp. 22 mm.

6945. Chionema pheocraspis, sp. 0.

g. Pure white; palpi fuscous ; fore and mid legs tinged

with brown. Fore wing with the costal edge brown to

beyond middle; the underside with the costal area tinged

with yellow.

Hab. Lovtstaves, St. Aignan (Meek), 1 g type. Hap.

20 mm.

802 a. Seripha plumbeola, sp. n.

g. Uniform fuscous brown with a purplish-grey gloss.

Hab. Cusa, Baracoa (Schaus), 1 g type; Ecuapor,

Chimborazo, 1 ¢. Exp. 16 mm.

805 a. Lycomorphodes flavipars, sp. n.

g. Head and thorax orange-yellow, with fuscous-brown

stripes on dorsum and shoulders ; palpi, lower part of frons,

and antenne brown; fore legs brown, with some yellowish

on femora and first joint of tarsi; mid and hind legs yellow

banded with brown ; abdomen crimson, the extremity and

ventral surface yellow, some fuscous at tip of anal tuft and

before the anal tuft on ventral surface. Fore wing fuscous

brown ; the inner margin orange-yellow, expanding into a

patch at base; a broad postmedial orange-yellow band, its

inner edge excurved, its outer angled outwards at middle

and-to tornus. Hind wing deep crimson, with terminal

fuscous band, rather broad at apex and narrowing to a point

at submedian fold.

Hab. W. Cotomsta, Jiminez, 1 ¢ type. Exp. 20 mm.

830 a. Siccia atrigutiata, sp. n.

Head and thorax white; palpi black ; frons black at sides ;

prothorax with black spots; fore legs fuscous; abdomen

brownish white. Fore wing white; subbasal black spots

Genera and Species of Arctiade. 357

below costa and cell; antemedial black spots on costa, in

and below cell, on vein 1, and on inner margin further from

base; round black spots in middle of cell and on disco-

cellulars ; a black spot on middle of costa, with slight oblique

line from it to discoidal spot, then incurved below the cell

and with two black spots in submedian interspace; post-

medial line black, maculate, bent outwards below costa,

angled outwards at vein 6, incurved at discal fold and ex-

curved at median nervules, then strongly incurved; a black

lunule on costa before apex; the termen with small black

spots at apex, middle, and below vein 2. Hind wing white;

a slight discoidal point; the underside with the costal area

slightly tinged with brown.

Hab. Ancora, Bihé, 1 J, 1 2 type. Eap., g 24, 9

26 mm.

990 a. Asura fulvimarginata, sp. n.

9. Head, tegule, and patagia orange-yellow, the vertex

of head with slight dark streak; thorax and abdomen pale

brown; antenne brown; hind tibie and tarsi yellowish.

Fore wing pale red-brown, the costal and inner margin

reddish yellow. Hind wing pale semihyaline red-brown.

Hab. Mavnas, Horsleykonda (Campbell), 1 9 type. xp.

26 mm.

ARCTIAN.

1259 b. Automolis rhodocyma, sp. nu.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow, the palpi scarlet

behind, the antennz brownish, the thorax tinged with rufous

and the abdoman with scarlet; pectus, legs, and ventral

surface of abdomen white. Fore wing yellow, the costal

area and base except at inner margin rufous, the veins

streaked with scarlet; a subbasal white point defined by

brown above vein 1, and a brownish antemedial spot on sub-

costal nervure ; antemedial line scarlet, strongly dentate,

more strongly angled outwards above median nervure and

inwards on vein 1, a brown point on it on subcostal nervure ;

an irregular rufous discoidal patch with yellowish point on

it, slightly defined by scarlet except above where it is con-

joined to the rufous costal area; postmedial line double,

scarlet filled in with yellow, highly waved, obsolete on costal

area, excurved to vein 4, then strongly incurved, a curved

patch of rufous and dark brown beyond it from vein 3 to

tornus where it expands to termen; an ‘irregular rufous

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 25

358 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

band beyond it from the costal area to vein 3, emitting

streaks to termen on veins 5, 4,3; a fine rufous terminal

line ; cilia chequered yellow and rufous, the tips dark at the

rufous patches. Hind wing pale yellow, the inner half

suffused with scarlet, the termen tinged with scarlet. Under-

side pale yellow, the costa of fore wing and some irregular

subterminal marks rufous.

Hab. Peru, Huacamayo (Ockenden), 2 g type. Lup.

40 mm.

1400 a. Ischnocampa hemihyala, sp. n.

3g. Head and thorax yellow-brown mixed with some

whitish ; palpi with the second and third joints black, with

pale tips; vertex of head and thorax with black stripe ;

patagia with blackish streak near upper edge; abdomen

fuscous brown, the ventral surface yellow-brown. Fore

wing with the marginal areas yellowish mixed with whitish

and irrorated and striated with yellow-brown, the rest of

wing hyaline irrorated with a few dark scales, the veins

brownish ; black points in cell near base, at middle, and on

discocellulars ; small postmedial black spots on costa and

inner margin and a series of slight streaks on the veins; a

subterminal blackish shade from costa and a series of minute

black streaks on termen in the interspaces. Hind wing

hyaline; a black discoidal point; the apex and cilia tinged

with ochreous brown.

Hab. Peru, Oconeque (Ockenden),1 ¢ type. Exp. 38mm.

1458 a. Amastus fulvizonata, sp. nu.

3. Palpi black with some white in front and scarlet at

sides ; frons white with oblique black bars above, the vertex

of head and spots in front of antenne fulvous yellow; an-

tenn black; tegulze white at base with black medial line

and fulvous tips; patagia white with sinuous fulvous fascia

at middle defined by black; thorax rufous and yellow;

pectus and legs brown and white, the coxz crimson, the fore

tibie with orange stripes above; abdomen crimson, with

lateral series of triangular white and yellow patches defined

by black, the ventral surface white with sublateral series of

fulvous spots defined by black. Fore wing semihyaline

white irrorated with black, the veins streaked with black and

irrorated with yellow; a small yellow spot at base with

white streak below it and a white streak above basal part of

inner margin; an antemedial white bar from costa and

oblique bar from inner margin; a medial white spot on

Genera and Species of Avctiade. 359

costa, slight mark on vein 2, and oblique bar inner

margin confluent with the antemedial bar ; postmedial line

represented by an angled white striga from costa and oblique

series of slight marks on the veins and inner margin, with

fulvous yellow marks beyond it on costa, veins, and inner

margin; an irregular subterminal whitish patch on costal

area and patches in the interspaces of terminal area ; a series

of small yellow wedge-shaped marks defined by black on the

termen and cilia. Hind wing semihyaline white, the veins,

base, and inner margins tinged with yellow; the underside

with the costa tinged with brown.

?. Fore wing less hyaline, more suffused with black and

irrorated with yellow, the antemedial, medial, and_post-

medial white bands and the yellow postmedial band more

complete. Hind wing with the termen and cilia brown, with

series of small yellow spots from apex to vein 2.

Hab. S.E. Perv, Agualani (Ockenden), 1 g, 1 2 type.

Exp., 3 60, 2? 70 mm.

1523 a. Halisidota melanoproctis, sp. n.

9. Head white; palpi black; antenne rufous ; thorax

rufous; abdomen white-scaled with rufous hair at base, the

terminal segments and ventral surface black and without

scales, the slight anal tuft white. Fore wing yellowish

rufous, the interspaces hyaline except on terminal area, which

is irrorated with black; a black discoidal point ; an in-

distinct waved yellowish subterminal line defined on inner

side by slight diffused black scaling. Hind wing hyaline,

the termiual area suffused with fulvous yellow ; the under-

side with the costal area fulvous yellow.

Hab. S.E. Perv, Agualani (Ockenden), 2 ¢ type. Lup.

56 mm.

1523 ¢. Halisidota vitreata, sp. n.

dg. Head and thorax bright rufous; palpi, antenne, and

legs dark brown; abdomen pale rufous, the terminal seg-

ments blackish. Fore wing hyaline, the margins rufous.

Hind wing hyaline, the inner area reddish ochreous, the cilia

rufous.

?. Fore wing with the interspaces of basal half semi-

hyaline, the terminal half and margins rufous slightly

irrorated with dark scales. Hind wing pale reddish ochreous,

Hab. S.E. Perv, Agualani (Ockenden), 1 gd, 1 ¢ type.

Ezp. 66 mm.

25*

360 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

~® =: 15596. Aimiha brunneipars, sp. un.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen very dark brown, the

vertex of head with a yellow spot; femora yellowish above.

Fore wing ochreous brown thickly striated with dark brown ;

the costa and inner margin except at base dark brown ; the

terminal area obliquely from apex to lower angle of cell, and

thence to inner margin beyond middle dark brown; an

elliptical black-brown discoidal spot; cilia blackish at base,

white at tips. Hind wing whitish tinged with brown, the

terminal area suffused with brown; cilia white at tips; the

underside with the costal area and terminal area to vein 3

tinged with ochreous and striated with brown.

Hab. 8.E. Perv, Agualani (Ockenden), 2 3 type. Eup.

44 mm.

1701 a. Diacrisia rhodophilodes, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax white; palpi crimson, black at tips;

sides of frons and antenne black ; neck with crimson ring

and the tegulez crimson below; fore femora crimson above,

the tibiz and tarsi black ; mid and hind femoro-tibial joints

and the tarsi black above ; abdomen crimson, the base, anal

tuft, and ventral surface white; a lateral series of black

points. Fore wing white, thinly scaled; an antemedial

black point in upper part of cell and two obliquely placed

above inner margin; a black point in upper angle of cell; a

postmedial series of black points, excurved from below costa

to vein 4, then oblique, met at vein 5 by an oblique series of

double minute black streaks on each side of veins from apex ;

minute subterminal] black streaks on each side of veins 5, 4, 3.

Hind wing white, thinly scaled ; a small black spot at upper

angle of cell and subterminal spots above vein 5 and between

vein 2 and tornus.

?. Palpi and neck without crimson ; fore femora black

above ; abdomen white tinged with ochreous brown towards

extremity and with subdorsal and sublateral series of black

spots; fore wing with the postmedial series of spots obsolete

towards costa.

Hab. Formosa, Kagi Distr.,4 ¢,1 ? type. LHap., 3 40,

2 46 mm,

1787 a. Diacrisia neurographa, sp. 0.

3. Head and thorax ochreous brown; palpi, antenne, and

shoulders black ; thorax with dorsal black streak ; legs black,

the fore femora crimson above; abdomen crimson, the

Genera and Species of Arctiade. 361

ventral surface ochreous brown, dorsal and lateral black

streaks and sublateral series of small spots. Fore wing

ochreous suffused with reddish brown, the veins pale, the

costal edge black ; an antemedial series of short black streaks

from costa to just below cell, where there is another short

streak before it, an elongate spot above vein 1; wedge-

shaped black spots in angles of cell, with streaks beyond them

and streaks above them on costal area; a postmedial black

mark on costa, divided into streaks by the pale veins, and an

oblique series of spots on each side of the veins from beyond

lower angle of cell to inner margin; an oblique series of

minute streaks on each side of the veins from apex and a

curved series on each side of veins 5 to 3 and spot on termen

above tornus. Hind wing ochreous brown, the inner area

tinged with crimson except on terminal area; a large black

discoidal lunule ; a curved postmedial series of small fuscous

spots in the interspaces from costa to vein 2; an oblique

series of minute spots on each side of the veins from apex,

another subterminal series on veins 5 to 3, two large spots

above tornus, and a streak in extremity of submedian fold ;

the underside with wedge-shaped black patch in base of cell.

@?. Head, thorax, and fore wing browner, the last with

the markings reduced to a small antemedial spot above

vein 1, a point at lower angle of cell, slight postmedial mark

on each side of veins 2 and 1, and traces of the series from

apex and the subterminal series. Hind wing brownish, with

the crimson on inner area slight, the postmedial spots absent,

also those towards apex and the subterminal series.

Hab. W. Cuina, Pu-tsu-fong, 4 ¢ ; Formosa, Kagi

Distr..3 g,1 2 type. Eap., g 44-48, ? 56 mm.

1824.5. Acantharctia latifasciata, sp. 0.

g. Head and thorax ochreous, with a broad blackish

fascia on vertex of head and thorax; palpi mostly black ;

antennee black; legs streaked with blackish; abdomen

fulvous yellow, with black segmental bands. Fore wing

ochreous, with broad fuscous fascize from base through the

cell to termen, in submedian interspace, and in interspaces

of terminal area from costa to vein 2. Hind wing pale

ochreous, with broad fuscous fasciz from before middle

through the cell to termen and in submedian interspace, and

short fasciz above extremities of veins 6, 3, 2.

@. Hind wing with the fasciz broader and more promi-

nent and with fasciz above extremity of vein 4 and on vein I.

Hab. Transvaau (C. H. Pead), 1 g, 1 2? type. Eap.

42 mm.

362 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

1833 a. Amsacta flavicosta, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax white; palpi, upper part of frons,

back of head, and tips of tegule yellow; antennze with the

branches black; femora yellow above, the fore and mid

tibiz and the tarsi streaked with black below; abdomen

white, with subdorsal yellow stripes (except at base and

extremity) and lateral series of black points. Fore wing

white, the costal edge yellow ; a black point at lower angle

of cell. Hind wing semihyaline white.

Hab. Sterra Leone (Dudgeon), 1 ¢ type. Exp. 34 mm.

1852 6. Hyphantria atripes, sp. nu.

¢. Head and thorax white; patagia with black spots at

middle and two on outer edge ; the femora yellow above, the

fore and mid tibiz striped with black, the tarsi blackish

ringed with white; abdomen white, with subdorsal yellow

bands (except at base and extremity) and lateral series of black

points. Fore wing white, the costal edge yellowish; a black

point in base of cell and obliquely placed subbasal points in

and below cell; an antemedial series of black points angled

outwards on median uervure and incurved below costa and

cell ; paired medial black points below costa, at middle, and

vein 1, angled outwards at median nervure, then oblique ;

a black point at upper angle of cell and three at lower angie;

a postmedial series of black points, bent outwards below

costa, oblique to vein 4, and slightly incurved at discal fold,

then oblique ; a subterminal series of black points in pairs on

each side of the veins ; a terminal series of small black spots.

Hind wing white ; the underside with slight black discoidal

point.

Hab. Goup Coast, Volta R. (Dudgeon), 1 2 type. Exp.

40 mm.

Genus PALmoMOLIS, nov.

Type, P. purpurascens.

Proboscis absent ; palpi porrect, extending to just beyond

the large frontal tuft of hair and fringed with long hair

below ; eyes large, round; antennz of male ciliated;. head

and thorax clothed with long hair ; tibie fringed with long

hair, the hind tibia with two pairs of spurs; abdomen clothed

with long hair. Fore wing with the apex rounded, the

termen evenly curved ; vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4, 5

from angle; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9 stalked; 10, 11

Geneva and Species of Arctiade. 363

from cell. Hind wing with vein 3 from near angle of cell ;

5 from just above angle; 6,7 from upper angle; 8 from

middle of cell.

1972 a. Paleomolis purpurascens, sp, n.

3. Head and thorax pale purple mixed with pinkish;

palpi crimson; frons tinged with crimson; tegule and

patagia slightly edged with crimson above; pectus and legs

crimson, the tibie fringed with pale purple hair; abdomen

pale crimson. Fore wing pale olive-yellow, the costal area

(except at apex) and the medial area below the cell pale purple ;

the veins aud costa streaked with crimson, the termen deeper

yellow, the inner margin with a fine black streak on medial

area ; antemedial and medial fine black lines oblique from

costa to median neryure, then inwardly oblique and sinuous ;

a fine black postmedial line, slightly excurved below costa

and incurved at discal fold, oblique and slightly sinuous

below vein 4; cilia whitish at tips. Hind wing yellowish

white. Underside of fore wing yellow, with the costal area

crimson ; hind wing yellowish white, with the costal area

yellow.

‘Hab. 8.E. Perv, Agualani (Ockenden), 2 g type. Exp.

36 mm.

1990 a, Seirarctia metaxantha, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax buff slightly tinged with rufous ;

palpi crimson at base, black at tips; antenne black, except

towards base above; patagia. with black spot at base and

crimson upper edge ; pectus in front and legs crimson, the

femoro-tibial joints black, the tibiz ringed with buff at

extremities, the tarsi ringed with black ; abdomen buff, with

crimson hair at base, oblique black subdorsal patches, two

small spots on anal segment, and sublateral series of small

spots. Pore wing buff thickly striated with rufous, the costa

to postmedial line and the submedian interspace to medial

band slightly striated; a diffused antemedial rufous band,

angled outwards on median nervure; a diffused curved

medial band; a slight crimson discoidal lunule ; a post-

medial rufous line excurved at middle, then oblique. Hind

wing pale orange-yellow, the inner area tinged with crimson ;

a black discoidal striga; a fine orange terminal line; the

underside with the costal area tinged with crimson.

Hab. Transvaat, White R. (Cooke), 1 g type. Exp.

56 mm.

364 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

2020 9. Hyponerita rhodocraspis, sp. 0.

Hind tibize of male dilated, the tibiz and proximal joints

of tarsi with thick tufts of hair and scales.

3. Head yellow; palpi searlet at sides; lower part of

frons and points above eyes scarlet; antennze brown, the

shaft scarlet at base ; thorax deep chocolate-brown, the pro-

thorax with scarlet point ; pectus and legs yellow, the fore

tibia with scarlet streak on inner side ; abdomen yellow, with

dorsal series of crimson patches (except at extremity) and

purple-brown patch near extremity. Fore wing purple-

brown, with large yellow antemedial patch on costa extending

to median nervure and two narrower patches towards apex,

all defined by scarlet below ; the terminal area with semi-

elliptical patch from just below apex to tornus, defined by

scarlet on inner side, indented at vein 6 by the purple-brown

area being angled outwards; a rather triangular scarlet sub-

basal patch on inner area, an oblique medial bar, and erect

postmedial bar from submedian fold to inner margin. Hind

wing yellow, the termen slightly tinged with scarlet from

apex to just below vein 2; the underside with small brown

patch at apex. :

Hab. 8.K. Perv, La Oroya (Ockenden), 1 g type. Eup.

o2 mm.

Genus Sripz#Ras.

Type, S. stragifera, Druce.

Proboscis fully developed; palpi smoothly scaled, up-

turned, the second joint not reaching vertex of head; an-

tenn in both sexes with short branches ending in a bristle ;

hind tibiz with two pairs of spurs; abdomen dorsally clothed

with rough hair at base. Fore wing with vein 3 from long

before angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle; 6 from upper angle ;

9 from 10 anastomosing with 8 to form a long areole; 11

from cell; male with the cell filled by a semihyaline brand,

veins 4, 5 stalked, the end of cell very oblique, 6 from well

below upper angle, the areole large and broad and vein 7

curved. Hind wing with vein 3 from before angle of cell ;

4,5 stalked; 6, 7 from upper angle; 8 from towards end of

cell.

2049 a. Proschaliphora albida, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax white, the head yellowish in front ;

antennz yellow, with the basal joint black in front ; pectus

yellow ; legs banded black and white ; abdomen pale yellow,

Genera and Species of Agaristide and Noctuide. 365

with black bands. Fore wing silvery white; the costal edge

orange ; subbasal line represented by black striae from costa

and cell ; antemedial line black, erect, minutely and irregu-

larly waved ; a black discoidal striga ; postmedial line black,

minutely waved, slightly excurved below costa, somewhat

oblique to lower angle of cell, then erect; a series of small

black spots on apical part of costa and termen. Hind wing

white ; a small blackish discoidal spot and terminal series

of small black spots from apex to vein 2; cilia slightly

tinged with yellow. Underside of fore wing wholly suffused

with black ; hind wing with the discoidal spot prominent.

Hab, Transvaat, Kranspruit (Janse), 1 g¢ type. Ezap.

36 mm.

Agaristide.

158 a. Tuerta insulica, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax chocolate-red mixed with white ;

palpi black, white at base and tips; frons white ; antenn

brown ; pectus white, yellow at sides ; abdomen yellow, with

the crests brown. Fore wing white, thickly irrorated with

chocolate-red ; subbasal line represented by a red _ striga

from costa; antemedial line indistinct, red, oblique, irre-

gular; orbicular and reniform represented by rather diffused

red patches with silvery centres, the former rather elliptical,

the latter somewhat quadrate, white patches between and

beyond them; postmedial line absent; subterminal line

represented by an obscure series of somewhat dentate choco-

late marks, with some silver scales on them and some

whitish beyond them; terminal area darker ; cilia chocolate,

with series of small white spots at base. Hind wing golden

yellow, with a broad black-brown terminal band tinged with

red, its inner edge excurved at middle; cilia white. Under-

side of fore wing with the basal half yellow, the terminal

half red-brown, the white bars before and beyond reniform

prominent.

Hab. Triniwan (Kaye), 1 3 type. Exp. 36 mm.

® Noctuide.

A GROTIN2.

Genus Meropor.acts, nov.

Type, MW. olivata.

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi upturned, the second joint

hardly reaching to middle of frons and moderately fringed

366 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

with hair in front, the third short ; frons with large rounded

prominence, with small roughened corneous disk at middle

and corneous plate below it; eyes large, round ; antenne of

female almost simple; thorax clothed with hair only and

without crests; tibiz slightly fringed with hair, the fore

tibia short, with loug curved claw on outer side and short

claw and one spine on inner; abdomen with some rough

hair at base, but without crests. Fore wing with the apex

rounded, the termen somewhat excised from apex to vein 4

and not crenulate ; veins 3 and 5 from near angle of cell; 6

from upper angle ; 9 from 10 anastomosing with 8 to form

the areole; 11 from cell. Hind wing with veins 3, 4 from

angle of cell ; 5 obsolescent from middle of discocellulars ;

6, 7 from upper angle; 8 anastomosing with the cell near

base only.

15] a. Metopoplacis olivata, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax white tinged with ochreous; an-

tenne brownish; abdomen whitish, dorsally tinged with

ochreous brown. Fore wing white ; a broad diffused olive-

green subbasal band, its outer edge excurved below the cell;

a medial olive-green band, broad and diffused outwardly

from costa to lower angle of cell, then narrow, its inner edge

excised at median nervure and slightly angled outwards at

vein 1, confluent with an olive-brown patch beyond the cell ;

a faint minutely dentate white postmedial line, ineurved

from costa to vein 4, where it is angled outwards, an olive-

green patch beyond it on costal area extending to termen

below apex, and another patch extending to termen between

veins 4 and 3; cilia white, chequered with olive-green.

Hind wing white, with some brown suffusion from below

angle of cell to the broad diffused brown subterminal band,

ending on termen above vein 1 ; the underside white, with

diffused brown band from middle of costa to discal fold, and

some brown iroration on terminal area from apex to sub-

median fold.

Hab. Brazit, Mato Grosso, Nivac (Avila), 1 2 type.

Hap. 24 mm.

173 a. Timora diarhoda, sp. n.

¢. Head purplish pink in front, olive-yellow behind ;

tegule white at base, purplish pink behind; thorax white,

with some dark scales; legs yellow, the fore legs suffused

with pink; abdomen orange-yellow. Fore wing olive-

yellow; the costa purplish pink with a white point before

Genera and Spectes of Noctuide. 367

middle and series on terminal half; a diffused purplish-pink

fascia below costa, not reaching base and sometimes diffused

to costa; a diffused pink fascia above inner margin from

before middle to near tornus, with some white and black

scales below it on inner margin ; a large pink patch beyond

lower angle of cell ; a minute white point in middle of cell

defined by pink scales; a pink discoidal spot with white

- points and striz on it; a double postmedial series of white

points excurved below costa, then oblique ; a terminal series

of black striz, defined by white on inner side; cilia white,

with some black and pink scales. Hind wing pure white ;

the underside with the costal area slightly tinged with

ochreous and pink.

Hab. 'Transvaat, Kranspruit (Janse), 2 g type. Eup.

22 mm.

259 a. Porosagrotis peruviana, sp. n.

do. Head and thorax brown mixed with black and some

grey ; antennz with white spot on outer side of basal joint ;

tegule with black medial line; tarsi black ringed with

white ; abdomen brown mixed with some whitish, especially

on ventral surface, the anal tuft ochreous. Fore wing

brown mixed with ochreous white ; the veins and discal and

submedian folds with slight dark streaks ; a fine black streak

in submedian fold to antemedial line; subbasal line black,

from costa to submedian fold; antemedial line black, waved,

angled inwards on median nervure and vein 1, and strongly

outwards above inner margin; claviform large, defined by

black ; orbicular and reniform large, defined by black, the

former produced on outer side; an oblique dark striga from

costa to reniform and indistinct waved line from lower angle

of cell to inner margin ; postmedial line black, slightly bent

outwards below costa, then dentate, excurved to vein 4, then

incurved, some slight dark and pale points beyond it on

costa ; subterminal line formed by whitish dentate marks,

defined on inner side by small dentate black marks between

_ veins 6 and 1, somewhat excurved at vein 7 and middle; a

terminal series of small black lunules; cilia with two slight

brown lines through them. Hind wings white, the veins and

inner margin tinged with brown, some light brown lunules

on termen from apex to vein 2; cilia with a faint brown line

near base from apex to vein 2; the underside with the costal

area irrorated with brown, postmedial line represented by a

blackish bar from costa and minute black streaks on the

veins, some small black lunules on termen from apex to

vein 2.

368 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

Ab. 1. Fore wing with black streak from claviform to

postmedial line above submedian fold; hind wing wholly

tinged with brown.

Hab. S.E, Perv, Agualani (Ockenden), 2 g¢ type. Hap.

32 mm.

383 6. Euxoa diplosticta, sp. u.

6. Head and thorax bright rufous mixed with grey, espe-

cially on head and tegule, the latter with double rufous line

at middle; palpi black-brown except at tips; pectus and

legs grey-white mixed with rufous; abdomen grey, tinged

with brown and with small dorsal blackish spots on terminal

segments. Fore wing bright rufous, the inner and terminal

areas greyer, with slight “blackish irroration ; subbasal line

slight, double, filled in with greyish, waved, from costa to

submedian fold ; antemedial line double, filled in with

greyish, oblique, ‘strongly angled inwards on vein 1 and ex-

curved above inner margin; orbicular with pale annulus

defined by rufous, small, oblique elliptical ; reniform with

its centre and outer edge faintly defined and with blackish

spot in its lower part, obscured by the dark medial shade,

which is oblique from costa to lower angle of cell, then

obliquely incvrved ; postmedial line double, filled in with

greyish, oblique from costa to vein 6, then dentate, and with

double black points beyond it on the veins; subterminal

line hardly traceable, curved, with a pair of small black spots

above and below vein 5 and point above them; a series of

black points just before termen. Hind wing greyish suffused

with reddish brown ; a terminal series of black points from

apex to vein 2; cilia whitish; the underside grey, the costal

area irrorated with brown, a black discoidal lunule, and

irregularly waved postmedial line.

Hab. Sanpwicu Is., Oahu, Waialua (Perkins), 1 ¢ type.

Exp. 36 mm.

568 6. Euxoa albiorbis, sp. n.

¢?. Head and thorax rufous, the tips of tegule, upper

edge of patagia, and vertex of thorax dark brown; tegulz

with black medial line; palpi black, except at tips; pectus

and legs blackish, the tarsi ringed with white; abdomen

greyish ochreous irorated with dark brown. Fore wing

rufous suffused with blackish to postmedial line, on costal

area to apex, and on terminal area; subbasal line double,

filled in with rufous, waved, from costa to submedian fold ;

antemedial line double, filled in with rufous, excurved from

Genera and Species of Noctuide. 369

costa to submedian fold, angled inwards on vein 1, and bent

outwards above inner margin ; claviform defined by black,

acute at extremity; orbicular white, defined by black, small,

round; reniform fuscous, defined by black, with whitish

annulus on inner side only ; postmedial line indistinct, pale,

bent outwards below costa, then with double series of black

points beyond it on the veins, slightly incurved at discal fold,

and closely approximated to the reniform; incurved below

vein 4 and slightly excurved at vein 1, some whitish points

beyond it on costa; subterminal line defined by brown

suffusion on inner side, excurved below vein 7 and at middle;

a fine terminal black line; cilia bright rufous, with two

black points towards apex. Hind wing whitish suffused with

brown, especially on terminal area; a fine dark terminal

line ; cilia whitish, with a brown line through them from

apex to vein 2; the underside whitish, the costal area irro-

rated with brown, the terminal area suffused with brown, a

blackish discoidal spot, and sinuous postmedial line, with

dark points at the veins.

Hab. Masuonatanp, Salisbury (Marshall), 1 2? type.

Exp. 24 mm.

716 a. Agrotis formosensis, sp. 0.

d. Head and thorax rufous; palpi black, the second joint

white at tip; frons whitish; antenne blackish ; tegule with

black band at base; tibiae and tarsi blackish ringed with

white; abdomen whitish tinged with rufous. Fore wing

whitish, suffused with rufous and irrorated with black ; sub-

basal line represented by double black striz from costa and

cell ; antemedial line double, slightly angled outwards below

costa, then oblique, sinuous, strongly excurved above inner

margin, a black patch before it below the cell; claviform

whitish defined by black; orbicular and reniform with

whitish annuli defined by black, the former round, the cell

before and between them black ; medial line blackish, oblique

to reniform and sinuous from lower angle of cell to inner

margin ; postmedial line double, bent outwards below costa,

then minutely waved, incurved below vein 4, the costa beyond

it blackish, with some whitish points on it; subterminal

line pale, defined on inner side by a blackish shade towards

costa, slightly excurved below vein 7 and at middle; a

terminal series of black poiuts ; cilia with a pale line at base,

Hind wing whitish tinged with brown, especially towards

termen; a dark discoidal striga; cilia reddish, with a pale

line at base; the underside whitish, the costal area tinged

370 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

with rufous and irrorated with brown, a blackish discoidal

Junule, and sinuous postmedial line.

Hab. Formosa, Kagi Distr., 2 3 type. Ezp. 30 mm.

81l5a. Episilia trifasciata, sp. n.

6. Head and front of thorax red-brown mixed with some

whitish, palpi red brown, whitish at tips; sides of frons

whitish; hinder part of thorax violaceous whitish, the patagia

edged with black; tibize streaked with black; abdomen

brown, mixed with whitish and dorsally suffused with fuscous

except at base. Fore wing violaceous white, tinged in parts

with brown and irrorated with black, the veins white defined

by slight brown streaks; a black streak below base of cell;

a black streak above median nervure and vein 4 from before

middle to near termen, another below subcostal nervure and

vein 7, and a brownish streak above vein 1; the lines and

stigmata absent ; a terminal series of prominent black points ;

cilia with a slight brown line near base and more prominent

line near tips. Hind wing whitish, suffused with fuscous

brown; some slight black points on termen from apex to

vein 3; cilia whitish, with a faint brown line near base; the

underside whitish tinged with fuscous, the costal area tinged

with ochreous and irrorated with black, a terminal series of

black points.

Hab. S.E. Peru, Agualani (Ockenden), 1 g type. Exp.

34 mm.

971a. Lycophotia melanephra, sp. u.

Head and thorax pale blue-grey with a few dark scales ;

palpi black, white at tips; fore and mid tibiz red-brown, the

hind tibie irrorated with black, the tarsi blaek ringed with

whitish ; abdomen grey-white. Fore wing pale blue-grey

irrorated with a few black and rufous scales ; a rufous striga

from costa near base, followed by the black subbasal line

from costa to submedian fold ; antemedial line slight, double,

rufous, with two black spots at costa, slightly angled outwards

below costa, then very minutely waved ; orbicular small,

round, whitish, slightly defined by rufous; reniform large,

deep black, with slight whitish and rufous annulus; medial

line rufous, with small black spot at costa, oblique to reni-

form, then inwardly oblique ; postmedial line slight, double,

rufous, with two small black spots at costa, bent outwards

below costa, then minutely dentate and produced to black

points on the veins, incurved below vein 4; subterminal line

indistinct, whitish, defined on inner side by a blackish patch

Genera and Species of Noctuide. 371

at costa, then by slight rufous marks, and with some rufous

suffusion beyond it, excurved below vein 7 and at middle ; a

terminal series of minute black lunules. Hind wing pure

white ; the underside with the costa irrorated with a few

black scales.

Hab. Transvaat, White R. (Cooke), 1 go, Ll 9? type.

Exp., 8 34, 2 38 mm.

971 6. Lycophotia macrostigma, sp. n.

¢@. Head and thorax dark red-brown mixed with a few

white and black seales ; palpi blackish, rufous at tips ; tegule

with black medial line ; tarsi black ringed with white ; abdo-

men whitish suffused with brown, especially on dorsum.

Fore wing dark purplish red-brown, sparsely striated with

black on basal and terminal areas; subbasal line double,

black, minutely waved, from costa to vein 1; antemedial

line’ double, black, minutely waved, almost obsolete below

the cell; claviform represented by a slight black streak on

its upper edge; orbicular and reniform large, defined by

black, the former round, incomplete above, with black point

in centre, the latter with its centre slightly defined by black ;

postmedial line represented by double black strize from costa,

then by a double series of points on the veins, bent outwards

below costa, excurved to vein 4, then oblique, some white

points beyond it on costa ; subterminal line represented by a

diffused dark patch on costa, then by diffused blackish spots ;

a terminal series of small black lunules; cilia with a fine

white line at base. Hind wing white, the veins and inner

margin tinged with brown ; a brown terminal line; cilia

with a slight brown line through them ; the underside with

the costal area irrorated with black, a small discoidal spot,

postmedial series of points on the veins, and terminal series

of striz.

Hab. 8.E. Perv, Agualani (Ockenden), 1 g type. Lap.

38 mm.

1055 a. Mythimna sinensis, sp. n.

%. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown tinged with

grey. Fore wing dark brown, tinged with grey and slightly

irrorated with white ; antemedial line indistinct, blackish,

slightly waved, oblique from costa to median nervure ; orbi-

cular hardly traceable, round; claviform and reniform obso-

lete ; a faint dark medial shade oblique from costa to lower

angle of cell, then inwardly oblique ; a minute white point

just beyond lower angle of cell; postmedial line indistinct,

372 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

blackish, strongly bent outwards below costa, then dentate

and produced to black points on the veins, oblique below

vein 4, some white points beyond it on costa; subterminal line

represented by a series of faint dentate brown marks, some-

what excurved below vein 7 and at middle. Hind wing dark

greyish brown, the cilia whitish at tips; the underside irro-

rated with white, a curved blackish postmedial line.

Hab. W. Cutna, Chin-fu-san (Maw), 1 2 type. Hap.

60 mm.

ITApENINzZ.

1129 a. Trichestra serrata, sp. u.

Antenne of male strongly serrate.

¢. Head and thorax reddish brown mixed with white and

some black; palpi and frons blackish; tibiz and tarsi

blackish ringed with white; abdomen dark brown mixed

with white, whitish at sides towards base. Fore wing rufous

mixed with grey and irrorated with black, the terminal area

greyer, the veins slightly streaked with white ; subbasal line

double, black, from costa to vein 1 ; antemedial line double,

filled in with whitish, oblique, waved; claviform moderate,

defined by black; orbicular white, defined by black, small,

rounded; reniform with white annulus, defined by black,

somewhat angled inwards on median nervure; postmedial

line black, bent outwards below costa, then dentate, and with

white and black points beyond it on the veins, incurved

below vein 4, some white points beyond it on costa; sub-

terminal line white, excurved below vein 7 and at middle;

a terminal series of black striz, with white points between

them. Hind wing white tinged with brown, especially on

apical area; an indistinct dark discoidal point and curved

postmedial line ; a terminal series of black striz ; cilia with

a blackish line through them; the underside white, the costal

area irrorated with rufous and blackish, a blackish discoidal

spot, somewhat dentate postmedial line, and terminal series

of lunules.

Hab. Kasumir, 1 ¢ type. Hap. 26 mm.

1130 a. Trichestra renipuncta, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax dark brown slightly mixed with

grey ; tegule with slight dark medial line; pectus greyer;

tarsi ringed with white; abdomen grey-brown. Fore wing

grey-brown slightly tinged with rufous and irrorated with

fuscous ; subbasal line represented by slight dark striz from

Genera and Species of Noctuide. 375

costa and cell ; antemedial line double filled in with greyish,

slightly angled outwards below costa, then waved ; claviform

small, slightly defined by black; orbicular and reniform

detined by black, the former oblique elliptical, the latter

with whitish line on inner edge and white spot with one

point above it and two below it on outer; an indistinct

sinuous dark line from lower angle of cell to inner margin ;

postmedial line double, the outer line indistinct and with

series of dark points on it, a white point at costa, bent out-

wards below costa, slightly incurved at discal fold and incurved

below vein 4, some white points beyond it on costa; sub-

terminal line greyish, defined on each side by slight black

marks, angled outwards at vein 7 and slightly excurved at

middle ; the terminal area rather darker, with white points

at the extremities of the veins. Hind wing whitish suffused

with brown, the terminal area darker; cilia ochreous white

mixed with brown and with dark line through them; the

underside white irrorated with black, the costal and terminal

areas suffused with brown, a small black discoidal spot, and

rather diffused sinuous postmedial line.

Hab, 8.E. Perv, Limbani (Ockenden), 2 g type. Exp.

22-28 mm.

113L¢. Trichestra melanochra, sp. n.

Head and thorax ochreous mixed with fuscous; palpi

black; frons with lateral black bars; antenne black; tegulz

with black patch at tips; pectus and legs fuscous mixed with

grey, the tarsi black ringed with ochreous white; abdomen

fuscous mixed with grey, the crests black tipped with white,

the anal tuft and ventral surface ochreous white. Fore wing

black, the antemedial area from below costa to vein 1 and

the postmedial area except at costa ochreous white tinged

with rufous; subbasal line double, black filled in with

ochreous white, expanding into a spot below costa and ending

at vein 1; antemedial line double, black filled in with

white, waved; claviform deep black; orbicular and reni-

form ochreous white, defined by black, the former with rufous

centre, small, oblique elliptical, the latter with its centre

detined by some black scales ; traces of a waved medial line ;

postmedial line double filled in with ochreous white, the

outer line indistinct, bent outwards below costa, slightly

incurved at discal fold, touching lower extremity of reni-

form, then oblique and slightly waved ; some whitish points

beyond it on costa ; subterminal line ochreous white, slightly

incurved below costa, then minutely waved; a terminal

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 26

374 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

series of small black ]unules; cilia black at base, chequered

black and white at tips. Hind wing whitish suffused with

fuscous brown, the basal area paler; traces of a discoidal

Junule and sinuous postmedial line; cilia black at base, white

at tips; the underside whitish irrorated with black, the costal

area suffused with fuscous; a black discoidal spot, rather

diffused, minutely waved, postmedial line, and terminal series

of small lunules.

Hab. S.E. Perv, Agualani (Ockenden), 1 ¢ type, Oconeque.

Exp. 30 mm.

1131 d. Trichestra goniophora, sp. 0.

Fore wing with the termen excised from apex to vein 4,

where it is angled, then oblique.

Head and thorax ochreous white mixed with pale greenish

and some black scales; palpi black at sides, except third

joint ; antenne blackish; tarsi black ringed with ochreous ;

abdomen ochreous, the crests tipped with black. Fore wing

ochreous white tinged in parts with pale green and rufous

and slightly irrorated with black; subbasal line black

defined by white on outer side, waved, from costa to vein ],

some black suffusion beyond it below costa and from cell to

inner margin; antemedial line double, blackish filled in

with white, waved, angled inwards in cell and on vein 1;

orbicular and reniform pure white defined by black, the

former small, oblique, irregular, the latter a rather narrow

bar angled inwards on median nervure; medial line indis-

tinct, oblique from costa to reniform, inwardly oblique from

lower angle of cell to inner margin; postmedial line rather

diffused, brown, with double white bar at costa and white

mark at inner margin, strongly bent outwards below costa

and incurved below vein 4, some white points beyond it on

costa; subterminal line white, angled outwards at vein 7 and

inwards at discal fold, then outwards to termen at vein 4,

then closely approximated to termen, on which it terminates

at submedian fold, the area beyond it suffused with black ;

cilia ochreous suffused with rufous and with some black

points at tips. Hind wing ochreous white, the veins irro-

rated with brown, the terminal area suffused with brown,

narrowing to tornus; cilia tinged with rufous ; the under-

side with the costal area sparsely irrorated with large black

scales, a black discoidal lunule, and minutely waved post-

medial line from costa to vein 3.

Hab. 8.E. Perv, Agualani ‘Ockenden), 1 g type, Oconeque,

S. Domingo, La Oroya, Limbani. Ezp. 30 mm.

Genera and Species of Noctuide. Bit

1208 e. Elusa ustula, sp. n.

Head and thorax rufous tinged with whitish; antennal

vesicle of male dark brown ; pectus and legs dark brown,

the tarsi with slight pale rings ; hind tibie with the fringe

of hair tinged with purplish red; abdomen rufous, dorsally

tinged with dark brown. Fore wing glossy rufous with some

dark brown irroration, especially on basal area and costal

half of medial area ; an indistinct subbasal line, defined by

pale rufous on outer side, from costa to submedian fold ;

antemedial line double, filled in with pale rufous, waved,

erect ; orbicular represented by a faint minute pale spot

defined by dark brown ; reniform with brownish centre and

very indistinct pale annulus constricted at middle; an in-

distinct slightly waved medial line ; postmedial line indistinct,

bent outwards below costa, then minutely waved, strongly

incurved below vein 3, and bent outwards at vein 1 ; sub-

terminal line represented by a series of small ill-defined dark

spots with some whitish scales on their outer edge; a ter-

minal series of dark striz with slight whitish points at the

veins; cilia red-brown with a fine whitish line at base.

Hind wing pale glossy red-brown; cilia whitish with a

slight brown line near base; the underside whitish suffused

with red-brown.

Hab. Mauay Pen., Kuala Lumpur (Durham), 2 g type,

Sungkei (Rodinson), 1 g, Patani (Robinson), 1 9; Sinea-

PorE (Ridley), 1 3,1 2; Borneo, Sarawak (Wallace),1 3,

3 2; Java, Arjuno (Doherty),1 3. Exp. 18-22 mm.

1208 h. Elusa medioruja, sp. n.

$. Head and thorax rufous tinged with whitish ; tarsi

ringed with white; abdomen greyish suffused with brown,

the anal tuft ochreous. Fore wing glossy greyish irrorated

with rufous, the antemedial area bright rufous from costa to

submedian fold, the costa rufous ; traces of a curved rufous

autemedial line; a rufous medial line oblique below the

cell; orbicular absent ; reniform represented by two minute

brown spots faintly defined by whitish; postmedial line

rufous slightly defined by whitish on outer side, bent out-

wards below costa, then minutely dentate, oblique and in-

curved between veins 3 and 1, some whitish points beyond it

on costa; subterminal line very indistinct, pale, slightly

defined by rufous on inner side, incurved at discal and sub-

median folds and excurved to term®n at middle, some whitish

beyond it at apex and rufous at discal and submedian folds ;

26*

376 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

a terminal series of rufous striz with minute white points at

the veins; cilia rufous with dark tips. Hind wing pale,

glossy, suffused with pale red-brown ; cilia whitish at tips ;

the underside whitish tinged with red-brown, a slight dark

discoidal lunule.

Hab. Borneo, Sarawak (Wallace), 1 ¢ type. zp.

20 mm.

1208 0. Elusa diloba, sp. nu.

6. Head and thorax whitish slightly tinged with rufous ;

antenne red-brown ; abdomen whitish tinged with rufous,

the anal tuft ochreous. Fore wing glossy red-brown mixed

with whitish, the base whitish; an indistinct waved ante-

medial line defined on inner side by whitish suffusion ;

orbicular represented by a white point; reniform with

brown centre and white annulus defined by dark brown,

strongly constricted at middle, the lower part larger ; post-

medial line defined by whitish on outer side, slightly bent

outwards below costa, then waved, incurved below vein 4,

and bent outwards at vein 1, some whitish points beyond it

on costa ; a very indistinct pale subterminal line defined on

inner side by obscure diffused brown spots, slightly excurved

below vein 7 and at middle, and ending at tornus ; a terminal

series of slight brown striz with white points at the veins.

Hind wing pale glossy red-brown, the base whitish ; cilia

with a faint brown line near base and whitish tips; the

underside whitish tinged with brown, a slight brown discoidal

lunule and indistinct diffused postmedial line.

Hab. Borneo, Sandakan (Pryer),1 3 type. Ezp.20 mm.

1313 a. Miselia congener, sp. un.

Head and thorax black mixed with white; tegulze with

slight dark medial line ; pectus whitish mixed with brown ;

tarsi blackish ringed with white; abdomen brownish white,

the dorsal crests blackish, the anal tuft tinged with rufous.

Fore wing grey suffused in parts with brown and irrorated

with black ; subbasal line represented by double black bars

from costa and cell filled in with white; antemedial line

‘double, black filled in with white, oblique, waved, angled

inwards on vein ] ; claviform moderate, defined by black ;

orbicular and reniform with white annuli defined by black,

the former round, the latter with whitish centre and rather

irregular outer edge ; an indistinct waved blackish medial

line, oblique below the cell ; postmedial line double, black

acl i ll a a ae i

Genera and Species of Noctuids. 377

filled in with white, bent outwards below costa, then lunu-

late, incurved below vein 4, some white pomts beyond it on

costa; subterminal line represented by a curved series of

white spots on black marks, bent outwards to tornus ; a

terminal series of small black luuules; cilia white tinged

with ochreous, a series of black striz at middle and black

marks at tips. Hind wing white ; the veins, base, and inner

margin brownish; the termen tinged with brown, with a

fine dark terminal line; cilia white with a brown line near

base ; the underside with the costal area irrorated with

black, a black discoidal spot, and terminal series of lunules.

Ab. 1. Fore wing with some orange on inner half of basal

area and before subterminal line.

Ab. 2. Fore wing with the orbicular and reniform filled

in with white, the postmedial area white except towards

costa,

Hab, 8.E. Perv, Agualani (Ockenden), 4 3, 3 ? type.

Exp. 34-38 mm.

13736. Miselia olivochroa, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax olive-green mixed with some whitish ;

palpi yellow at tips; tegule yellowish at base and tips and

with dark medial line; patagia with yellowish bars near base

and yellowish tips; pectus and legs yellowish mixed with

red-brown, the tarsi brown ringed with yellow; abdomen

yellowish tinged with brown. Fore wing olive-green; a

yellowish patch at base of costa and black point at base of

cell; subbasal lne double, black filled in with yellowish

- white, waved, from costa to vein 1 ; antemedial line black

defined by yellowish on inner side, double at costa, oblique,

slightly sinuous, bent inwards to inner margin; claviform

defined by black at extremity, with a minute wedge-shaped

white spot beyond it; orbicular and reniform olive-green

defined at sides by black and whitish, the former oblique, the

latter constricted at middle and angled inwards to the former

on median nervure; postmedial line black defined on outer

side by yellowish, double at costa, bent outwards below costa,

then minutely waved, excurved to vein 4, then oblique, the

costa beyond it black with some whitish points on it; sub-

terminal line represented by a series of white striz on den-

tate black marks, interrupted below veins 7 and 4; a terminal

series of small black lunules ; cilia pale yellow, with a series

of blackish points at base, Hind wing pale yellowish tinged

with brown ; cilia yellowish white with a series of small

brown spots; the underside yellowish white irrorated with

Q-

378 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

brown, a slight dark streak in middle of cell, discoidal

lunule, indistinct curved postmedial line, and some slight

lunules on termen.

Hab. 8.E. Peru, Agualani (Ockenden), 1 9 type. Eap.

36 mm.

1426 c. Hadena eugrapha, sp. u.

3. Head and thorax rufous mixed with some whitish and

black; antennez whitish at base ; tegule with two whitish

medial lines and whitish tips ; patagia with yellowish-white

fascia near upper edge defined above by a black line; tarsi

ringed with white ; abdomen dark brown mixed with grey,

the anal tuft and ventral surface pale rufous. Fore wing

rufous mixed with some grey and slightly irrorated with

black, the median nervure streaked with yellowish white,

continued as an oblique streak below vein 3 to subterminal

line ; subbasal line represented by double black striz filled

in with white from costa and cell, the former angled outwards

below costa; antemedial line double filled in with whitish,

oblique from costa to submedian fold, a curved yellowish

streak before it above inner margin; claviform represented

by an oblique white streak above its extremity; orbicular

and reniform with yellowish-white annuli, the former oblique

elliptical, the latter angled inwards to the former on median

nervure ; postmedial line double filled in with whitish,

oblique from costa to vein 6, then inwardly oblique and

dentate, met at vein 6 by an oblique grey fascia from apex,

continued along its outer edge to inner margin, some white

points beyond it on costa; subterminal line represented by

a series of yellowish-white striz defined on inner side by

dentate blackish marks and on outer by blackish spots, in-

curved below vein 3; a fine waved black terminal line; cilia

whitish with waved black line through them and blackish

tips. Hind wing white, the termen tinged with brown; cilia

with a brownish line through them ; the underside with the

costal area irrorated with black, a black discoidal spot.

Hab. 8.E. Perv, Limbani (Ockenden), 1 3 type. Exp.

36 mm.

1426 d. Hadena mesotoma, sp. 0.

Head and thorax dark red-brown mixed with white ;

frons with lateral black bars ; tegule with biackish lines at

middle and tips; patagia with curved white fascie; tarsi

fuscous brown ringed with whitish; abdomen dark brown

mixed with grey, the anal tuft and ventral surface rufous.

=; — Ole

i) eee

PRO =

Genera and Species of Noctuide. 379

Fore wing dark red-brown, mixed with grey except on medial

area from subcostal nervure to inner margin, on which there

is a rufous streak ; the median nervure and bases of veins

4, 3 streaked with white ; subbasal line represented by double

black striz filled in with white from costa and median

nervure ; some black on inner margin before the antemedial

line, which is double filled in with white, angled outwards

below costa, bent inwards to median nervure, then oblique

to above inner margin, to which it is strongly bent inwards ;

orbicular and reniform with rufous centres and incomplete

whitish annuli defined by black, the former small, oblique

quadrate, the latter narrow, constricted at middle and at

lower extremity angled outwards to beyond lower angle of

cell and strongly inwards on median nervure ; postmedial

line double, black filled in with whitish, bent outwards

below costa and oblique below vein 5, where it is met by a

whitish oblique band from apex, which then follows its outer

edge, some white points beyond it on costa; subterminal line

represented by an oblique whitish striga from costa near

apex, then by a series of dentate black marks with white

points or striz in ceutres; the termen greyish ; a fine black

terminal line; cilia rufous, with a black line through them.

Hind wing whitish tinged with brown, the veins, terminal

and inner areas suffused with brown; cilia pale rufous with

a blackish line through them ; the underside whitish, the

costal and terminal areas tinged with purplish red and

irrorated with black, a small black discoidal spot, and curved

postmedial line.

Hab. S.E. Perv, Agualani (Ockenden), 1 g, 1 2 type,

Limbani (Ockenden), 2 g. Exp. 28 mm.

1431 ¢. Hadena clavifera, sp. n.

Head and thorax black mixed with grey-white ; frons with

lateral black bars; tegule with black lines at middle and

tips ; patagia whitish with curved black streak ; tarsi black

ringed with white ; abdomen fuscous mixed with grey, the

basal crest whitish. Fore wing black-brown mixed with

grey, the veins defined by slight greyish streaks; subbasal

line represented by double black striz from costa and cell

filled in with whitish ; antemedial line double, black filled

in with whitish, angled outwards below costa and slightly

inwards on median nervure, then oblique to above inner

margin, where it is curved round to below subbasal line ;

elaviform slightly defined by black and with oblique white

bar at extremity; orbicular and reniform with greyish centres

380 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

and whitish aynuli, defined by black, the former ratlier

oblique elliptical, the latter angled inwards on median nervure

to near former ; postmedial line double, black filled in with

white, bent outwards below costa, excurved to vein 4, then

oblique, sinuous, and angled inwards on vein 1, some whitish

points beyond it on costa; subterminal line white defined on

inner side by dentate black marks and with slight black

marks on outer, formed of striz to vein 4, a small V-shaped

mark below vein 4, and an oblique line below vein 3; a

terminal series of smal] blackish lunules; cilia greyish, with

black line near base, intersected by short white streaks ani

black tips. Hind wing white, the veins, inner margin, and

termen tinged with brown ; a discoidal point ; a black ter-

minal line; cilia brown at base, white at tips; the underside

with the costal and terminal areas and veins irrorated with

black, the costal area bluish white, a black discoidal spot.

Hab. 8.K. Peru, Agualani (Ockenden), 2 3 type. Exp.

36 mm.

1518 a. Chabuata crenilinea, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax purplish red slightly mixed with

grey; palpi fuscous brown at sides; tarsi fuscous brown

slightly rmged with greyish ; abdomen fuscous brown, the

basal crest, anal tuft, and ventral surface purplish. Fore

wing purplish red, tinged with dark brown on costal area ;

a blackish subbasal point on median nervure ; antemedial

line represented by black points from below cell to inner

margin, the point in submedian fold further from base ;

orbicular represented by a white point in upper part of cell,

the reniform by white points in the angles of cell, and a

faint dark mark at lower angle, with two minute whitish

points on its outer edge ; postmedial line blackish, dentate

~ and produced to black points on the veins , excurved from

costa to vein 4, then oblique, some pinkish points beyond it

on costa ; subterminal line represented by a series of sligi.t

blackish marks in the interspaces and a diffused patch above

and below vein 5, somewhat excurved below vein 7; a ter-

minal series of black points ; cilia with a slight pale line at

base. Hind wing fuscous brown, the interspaces of basal half

pale; cilia whitish tinged with purplish red ; the underside

whitish irrorated with black, the costal area tinged with

purple, a black streak in base of cell, discoidal spot, sinuous

postn.edial line with minute black streaks on the veins,

and terminal series of rather triangular points.

Hab. S.E. Perv, Agualani (Ockenden), 1 o type. Exp.

48 mm.

Genera and Species of Noctuidx. 381

1610 a. Eriopyga perrubra, sp. n.

?. Head and thorax fiery red, tinged with brown and

irrorated with a few white scales; antennae with the basal

half white ringed with brown ; tarsi black ringed with white ;

abdomen pale brown, tinged with red at ‘base, extremity, and

on veutral surface. Fore wing fiery red, the costal area and

cell suffused with brown, irrorated with a few white scales ;

subbasal line formed of white scales, waved, from costa to

submedian fold, a white striga beyond it in cell ; antemedial

line indistinct, double, brown defined on inner side by white

scales on costal half, slightly angled outwards below costa,

then sinuous ; orbicular with white annulus defined by dark

brown, small, round; reniform dark brown with white

annulus and white line in centre, slightly angled inwards on

median nervure; a diffused oblique dark line from lower

angle of cell to inner margin ; postmedial line indistinct,

double, brown filled in with some white scales and with

white point at costa, bent outwards below costa, then

minutely dentate, excurved to vein 4, then incurved, some

white points beyond it on costa; subterminal] line formed of

small white lunules defined by brown, somewhat excurved

below vein 7 and at middle; a terminal series of white

points ; a fine white line at base of cilia. Hind wing whitish

suffused with brown, the basal area paler; cilia tinged with

fiery red; the underside whitish tinged with brown, the costal

area suffused with rufous, a slight discoidal point, and post-

medial line from costa to vein 5.

Hab. 8.E. Perv, Agualani (Ockenden), 1 2 type. Eup.

44 mm.

1633 a. Eriopyga glaucopis, sp. n.

Head and thorax bright red-brown; antennz with slight

pale rings towards base ; tarsi dark brown ringed with white ;

abdomen reddish brown, the anal tuft and ventral surface

rufous. Fore wing bright red-brown; antemedial line

brown defined by greyish on inner side, oblique, waved ;

orbicular and reniform with olive-brown centres and grey ish

annuli defined by blackish, the former irregularly rounded ;

a slight diffused dark medial shade; postmedial line blackish,

oblique from costa to vein 6, then dentate, incurved below

vein 4, some slight pale points beyond it on costa; sub-

terminal line grey-white defined on each side by blackish,

obsolescent towards costa, slightly angled outwards at vein 7

and incurved below vein 3; cilia with a slight pale line at

base. Hind wing red-brown with a greyish tinge; cilia pale

382 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

rufous; the underside whitish tinged with rufous and

irrorated with fuscous, a blackish discoidal lunule, and rather

diffused postmedial line from costa to vein 2.

Hab. 8.E, Peru, Agualani (Ockenden), 1 5, 2 ? type.

Exp. 28 mm.

1641 a. Eriopyga erythropis, sp. n.

Head and thorax dark reddish brown tinged with greyish ;

palpi, pectus, and legs dark grey-brown, the tarsi ringed with

white ; abdomen fuscous brown, whitish at base. Fore wing

deep red-brown with slight dark irroration, the costal area

with some greyish irroration, the veins with sligut dark

streaks, the discal and submedian folds with deep red suffu-

sion ; subbasal line represented by faint double oblique striz

from costa; antemedial line double, waved, angled outwards

above inner margin ; orbicular and reniform indistinct, deep

red defined by a few black scales, the former small, round,

the latter with its lower part tilled in with black, and white

point at lower extremity ; traces of a diffused curved medial

shade; postmedial line black, double towards costa, bent

outwards below costa, then dentate and produced to black

points on the veins, excurved to vein 4, then oblique, some

slight pale points beyond it on costa; subterminal line

represented by a series of faint reddish marks in the inter-

spaces, with more distinct spot above tornus; a fine waved

black terminal line; cilia black-brown with a fine whitish

line at base. Hind wing white, the veins, inner and ter-

minal areas suffused with dark brown; aslight discoidal spot

and fine blackish postmedial line ; cilia brownish with white

line at base ; the underside white, the costal and terminal

areas irrorated with blackish, a blackish discoidal spot, and

sinuous postmedial line with minute dark streaks on the

veins.

Hab. S.E, Peru, Limbani (Ockenden), 1 3, 2 2 type,

Puno. ap. 34 mm.

1646 a. Eriopyga flavirufa, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax bright rufous mixed with some

yellowish ; palpi and frons dark brown at sides; pectus

whitish mixed with rufous and dark brown; legs brown

mixed with whitish, the tarsi ringed with whitish ; abdomen

brown with some whitish at base, the anal tuft and ventral

surface rufous. Fore wing bright rufous mixed with

yellowish and slightly irrorated with black, the inner half of

medial area darker ; subbasal line double, blackish, curved,

;

Genera and Species of Noctuidie. £83

from costa to submedian fold; antemedial line double,

blackish, waved; claviform minute, faintly defined by

blackish ; orbicular and reniform yellowish tinged with

rufous and slightly defined by blackish, the former round,

the latter with its centre defined by rufous and with whitish

annulus, a black spot in lower part ; medial line black, ex-

curved below costa and cell; postmedial line indistinctly

double, bent outwards below costa, then dentate and pro-

duced to black points on the veins, excurved to vein 4, then

incurved, some pale points beyond it on costa; subterminal

line yellowish detined on inner side by minute dentate dark

marks and by two more prominent blackish marks at discal

fold, angled outwards at vein 7, excurved and waved at

middle, and with black streaks beyond it on veins 7 to 4; a

terminal series of small black lunules; cilia blackish with

yellow line at base expanding into spots at the veins. Hind

wing ochreous white tinged with brown, especially on

terminal area; cilia yellow tinged with rufous ; ; the underside

with the costal area tinged with rufous and irrorated with

brown, a black discoidal point, curved postmedial line from

costa to vein 4, and terminal series of points from apex to

vein 4,

Hab. 8.E. Perv, Agualani (Ockenden), 1 3 type. Exp.

42 mm.

1648 a. Eriopyga melanosigma, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax dark reddish brown mixed with a

few white hairs; palpi with the extremity of second joint

ochreous ; pectus and legs black-brown mixed with greyish,

the tarsi black with ochreous white rings; abdomen grey-

brown, whitish at base. Fore wing black-brown with a

cupreous tinge and irrorated with grey-white ; an indistinct

waved whitish subbasal line from costa to submedian fold ;

antemedial line black defined by whitish on inner side,

angled outwards below costa, oblique to submedian fold and

angled inwards on vein 1; orbicular and reniform large,

black-brown defined by black, the former somewhat elon-

gate elliptical; an oblique brown medial shade from lower

angle of cell to inner margin; postmedial line black defined

by white on outer side, bent outwards below costa, excurved

to vein 4, then incurved, some white points beyond it on

costa; subterminal line white towards costa and tornus,

indistinct at middle, defined on inner side by a series of

somewhat dentate black marks, angled outwards at vein 7,

excurved at middle, and bent outwards to tornus; cilia with

384 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

a fine white line at base. Hind wing whitish tinged with

brown. the veins and terminal area suffused with brown; a

dark discoidal spot and indistinct postmedial line; cilia

white, yellowish at base, and with a dark line through them

from apex to vein 2; the underside white, the costal area

dark brown irrorated with white, the terminal area irrorated

with brown, a black discoidal lunule, waved postmedial line

incurved at discal fold, and diffused subterminal line.

Hab. S.E. Peru, Limbani (Ockenden),1 ¢ type, Oconeque.

Exp. 34 mm.

1905 a. Cirphis perstriata, sp. u.

3. Head and thorax ochreous white mixed with brown ;

frons with black bar above; tegule with fuscous line near

base, black medial line, and diffused fuscous line near tips ;

prothoracic crest with two black lines; patagia with some

black scales on upper edge ; legs irrorated with black ; abdo-

men ochreous white, dorsally suffused with reddish brown,

ventrally irrorated with black. Fore wing ochreous white,

the interspaces streaked with purplish brown and the veins

defined by purplish-brown streaks, leaving the costal area

paler; the median nervure with fine white streak, expanding

into a slight angled mark at extremity, with a black point

before it in the angle of cell; antemedial line represented by

obliquely placed black points on costa, below median nervure,

and in submedian fold; a postmedial series of black points

bent outwards below costa and oblique below vein 4; an

oblique pale fascia from apex to beyond lower angle of cell ;

a terminal series of black points; cilia with a fine pale line

at base. Hind wing semihyaline white, the veins, termen,

and inner margin tinged with fuscous brown ; cilia ochreous

white; the underside with the costal area tinged with

ochreous and slightly irrorated with brown except at base, a

terminal series of black points.

Hab. Ropricurz, 1 ¢ type. Ezp. 42 mm.

CucuLLriaANZ.

2064a. Copicucullia ruptifascia, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax grey mixed with white and brown;

frons blackish; tegule with black medial line; abdomen

grey irrorated with brown, the crests darker, the ventral

surface whitish. Fore wing blue-grey mixed with white, the

eS ee eee

Genera and Species of Noctuide. 385

veins with slight black streaks ; a fine black streak slightly

defined by white below basal half of cell; antemedial line

represented by slight black streaks on subcostal and median

nervures and a faint long tooth in submedian interspace ;

orbicular and reniform represeuted by faint yellowish marks,

the former defined by black points, the latter with curved

black streak below end of cell; a slight black streak beyond

the cell above vein 6; a blackish streak on middle of inner

margin; postmedial line obsolete; subterminal line very

faint, whitish, except in submedian interspace, where it is

represented by a white lunule interrupting the strong oblique

black fascia from beyond middle to termen at vein 2, a slight

black streak before it above vein 4; a terminal series of

black striz. Hind wing white, the veins and terminal area

brown ; cilia white ; the underside with the costa irrorated

with brown.

Hab, Transvaat, White R. (Cooke), 1 ¢ type. Eup.

34 mm.

2122 a. Cucullia atrimacula, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax bluish grey slightly mixed with

brown, the head browner ; palpi with some blackish at sides ;

tegule with black line near base and slight medial line;

pectus white ; legs grey mixed with blackish; abdomen grvy

tinged with ochreous, the basal crest blackish, the ventral

surface white. Fore wing bluish grey slightly irrorated with

blackish, especially on the veins, the end of cell tinged with

ochreous ; subbasal line represented by a very oblique black

striga from costa, the antemedial line by some slight streaks

on costal area and very oblique streaks from submedian fold

to vein 1] and vein 1 to inner margin; orbicular represented

by a slight black streak in lower part of cell, the reniform

by a curved streak below end of cell; a short black streak

beyond the cell above vein 6 ; postmedial line represented

by a black striga from costa, then by very slight streaks on

the veins beyond the cell, more distinct below vein 3, oblique

to submedian fold, where it is angled inwards, angled outwards

on vein 1; the postmedial area with slight black streaks

above veins 6, 5, 4; subterminal line represented by some

slight white streaks in the interspaces and a prominent black

spot below vein 2 with some whitish suffusion round it; a ter-

minal series of minute black lunules defined on inner side

by whitish ; cilia grey intersected with white. Hind wing

white, the veins and a fine terminal line brown; the under-

386 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

side with the costa slightly irrorated with brown towards

apex,

Hab. Transvaat, White R. (Cooke), 1 3S type. Ezap.

44 mm.

2123 a. Cucullia tucumani, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax brown mixed with grey and black ;

pectus white; tarsi black ringed with white; abdomen

white irrorated with brown and dorsally tinged with brown.

Fore wing blue-grey thickly irrorated with brown, the costal

area suffused with brown except at base; the veins with

slight dark streaks; traces of an antemedial line from cell to

inner margin, excurved at vein 1, where there are two black

points on it, and with slight oblique dark streak before it

above inner margin; orbicular and reniform represented by

slight whitish marks with brown centres, the former elon-

gate ; an oblique brown line from lower angle of cell to

inner margin ; postmedial line indistinct, brown, bent out-

wards below costa, excurved to vein 4, then oblique and

represented by double black points on the veins with white

points between them; subterminal line represented by a

series of slight dentate grey marks with brown marks before

them and small blackish spots beyond them, and a diffused

blackish patch before it between vein 4 and submedian fold ;

cilia brown and grey with two slight brown lines through

them. Hind wing white with broad terminal black-brown

band narrowing to tornus; cilia white with a slight brown

line near base. Underside of fore wing white with some

black irroration on costa and broad diffused dark band just

before termen.

Hab. Axrcrntins, Tucuman, 1 9? type. Hap. 28 mm.

2460 a. Dichonia chlorota, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax grey-white mixed with pale olive-

brown and some black ; palpi and antennz blackish; tarsi

blackish, with slight pale rings ; abdomen grey suffused with

brown, the crest on third segment tipped with black. Fore

wing grey-white suffused with brown and pale olive-green

and irrorated with black, the medial area somewhat darker ;

subbasal line black, waved, from costa to vein 1; antemedial

line black, oblique, sinuous, angled outwards above inner

margin, the area before it pale tinged with olive-green ;

claviform whitish defined by black except above; orbicular

<<< -—- —

’

Genera and Species of Noctuidae. 387

and reniform with whitish annuli defined hy black, the

former round ; postmedial line black, bent outwards below

costa, then dentate, excurved to vein 4, then oblique, defined

on outer side by grey tinged with olive-green, some white

points beyond it on costa with slight dark streaks between

them; subterminal line represented by a series of dentate

brownish marks with dentate pale olive-green marks beyond

them on termen ; cilia brown with a series of whitish points

at base. Hind wing greyish suffused with brown ; an in-

distinct dark postmedial line ; cilia with a series of whitish

points at base; the underside grey-white irrorated with

brown, a diffused brown discoidal spot and postmedial line.

Hab. Kasumir, 1 ¢ type. Lap. 36 mm.

2474 a. Meganephria araucanica, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax white mixed with brown and black ;

palpi blackish except at tips; frons with black bars at middle

and above; tegule with black line near tips; pectus black-

brown ; tarsi black ringed with white ; abdomen dark brown

mixed with some white scales. Fore wing violaceous white

suffused in parts with rufous, especially in and below cell on

medial area and on terminal part of submedian interspace ;

a sinuous black streak below base of cell, extending to ante-

medial line, with some golden scales on it at middle and

white streaks above it; subbasal line represented by double

obiique black striz from costa ; antemedial line black defined

by white on inner side, angled outwards below costa, then

oblique sinuous ; claviform large, defined by black ; orbicular

and reniform large, defined by black, the former round, the

latter open above, very broad, expanding to below cell and

with white patch in outer part; postmedial line black defined

by white on outer side, double at costa, bent outwards below

costa, then dentate and produced to black points on the veins,

slightly incurved at discal fold, incurved below vein 4, some

whitish points beyond it on costa and black streaks above

and below submedian fold, the former sinuous and extending

to termen; subterminal line white slightly defined on each

side by rufous, dentate to termen at veins 4, 3, 2, and angled

inwards in submedian fold; the veins beyond it and the

interspaces below veins 4, 3, 2 with black streaks; cilia

white with rufous lunules at base and tips. Hind wivg

ochreous white irrorated with brown, a large brown discoidal

spot, minutely waved postmedial line, diffused dentate sub-

terminal and terminal bands from apex to vein 2, and spot

388 On new Genera and Species of Noctuide.

above tornus; cilia white mixed with brown at base; the

underside white irrorated with brown, the base suffused with

brown, a large black discoidal spot, waved postmedial line

oblique to vein 5, then sinuous, the veins of terminal area

with dark streaks, a terminal series of slight black lunules.

Hab, 8. Curui, Araucania (Middleton), 1 3 type. Exp.

46 mm.

2530 a. Xylinissa pulverea, sp. nu.

Antenne of male simple, laminate.

$. Head and thorax fuscous mixed with grey ; tarsi ringed

with whitish ; abdomen fuscous mixed with ochreous grey,

the anal tuft more ochreous. Fore wing grey thickly irro-

rated and suffused with fuscous ; a slight black streak below -

base of cell ; subbasal line represented by an oblique black

striga from costa; antemedial line indistinct, double, waved,

oblique ; vein 1 streaked with black on medial area; clavi-

form represented by some yellow and black scales ; orbicular

and reniform large, very incompletely and indistinetly defined

by black and with some yellow scales on their edges, the

former oblique elliptical, the latter somewhat constricted at

middle and extending to well below cell; medial line repre-

sented by an oblique dark striga from costa; postmedial line

very indistinct, with some dark points on the veins, bent

outwards below costa, excurved to vein 4, then very oblique

to submedian fold and excurved at vein 1, some slight pale

points beyond it on costa; subterminal line represented by

blackish marks below costa, above and below vein 5, and in

submedian fold, with black streak from it to termen below

vein 2; a terminal series of small black lunules; cilia grey

mixed with fuscous, a slight dark line near base. Hind wing

white, a small black discoidal spot; veins 7,6 with dark

streaks ; a dark terminal line and some points on cilia from

apex to submedian fold; the underside with the costal area

irrorated with brown, a postmedial series of minute dark

streaks on the veins.

@. Fore wing much more variegated with white and black

and without the yellow scales on the stigmata.

Hab. Peru, Limbani (Ockenden), 1 d¢,2 2 type. Hzp.,

6 36, 2 38 mm.

Prof. E.-L. Trouessart on Neotetracus sinensis. 389

XLII.—Neotetracus sinensis, a new Insectivore of the Family

Erinaceidw, By E.~L. Trovessarr, U.M.Z.5., Professor

at the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris.

NEOTETRACUS, gen. nov.

Similar in external form to Podogymnura* or Macro-

scelides, but with the dentition of Lrinaceus. The two-fanged

canine in either jaw not higher than the small incisors

which precede it and the small premolars which follow it.

Palate incompletely ossified like that of Lriénaceus. Pelage

soft, not spiny ; tail well developed.

Dental tormula :—

I. =, C. 5, Pm. =, M. = = total 40.

The first upper incisor is high, conical, having the shape

usual in the family ; the second, widely separated from the

preceding, is nearly as broad but not so high; the third is very

small ; the double-rooted canine, with triangular crown, is

a little longer but not higher than the incisor which precedes

it; the first two premolars, subequal, are a little smaller than

the canine, but have the same shape, the anterior and posterior

tubercles being atrophied; the third premolar very large,

with four tubercles, of which the anterior external one is well

developed and projecting. The molars diminish in height

from the first to the third: the first, with quadrangular

crown, has five tubercles, as usual in the family, the fifth

median, and has in addition a spur simulating a small

posterior tubercle closely adjoining the posterior external

tubercle ; the second molar, a little smaller, resembles the

preceding ; the third, with triangular crown, has only three

tubercles, two in front, one behind.

In the lower jaw, the first incisor is very large, proclivous,

spatulate, and with spoon-shaped hollows on its supero-internal

face ; the second and third are very small, the crowns lower

in front (as in Hrinaceus) ; the canine is small and similar to

the incisors which precede it; the first two premolars are

small, with the anterior and posterior tubercles atrophied ;

the third is very large, trituberculate, the median tubercle

very large and prominent. The molars diminish in height

from the first to the third: the first has five tubercles dis-

posed 1, 2, and 2, the two posterior pairs united by a trans-

* Mearns, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, xxviii. 1905, p. 437 ; Marcus Ward

Lyon, Jr., loc. cit, xxxvi. 1909, pp. 449-456, pl. 36, I was in error in

uniting Hylomys and Gymnura in the ‘ Catalogus Mammalium '—the two

are quite distinct.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 27

290 Prof. E.-L. Trouessart on Neotetracus sinensis.

verse crest ; the second has only four tubercles, 2 and 2; the

third is smaller, but similar to the second, slightly narrowed

behind.

All these teeth, in both jaws, have their points intact,

sharp (and not worn as in Erinaceus).

Affinities and IJMfferences—According to the figures

published by M. W. Lyon of the unique specimen of Podo-

gymnura truet, Neotetracus resembles it in its external form,

notably in its well-developed tail, but it differs from it

very decidedly by the dentition. The skull of Weotetracus

resembles, moreover, that of Hylomys, but the canine is

still more reduced than in that genus; in Neotetracus the

canine and the premolars want the posterior spur which

is very prominent in Hylomys. The lower jaw presents

still more striking differences: in Hylomys the lower

incisors decrease very gradually from the first to the third,

keeping their spatulate shape; in Neotetracus the large

anterior incisor is followed by two very small atrophied teeth,

so that between the large anterior incisor and the large

third premolar there are five small subequal functionless

teeth. Seen in profile the jaws are still more dis-

similar: in Hylomys the anterior part of the ramus

is bent downwards in spade form; in eotetracus this

anterior part, more constricted, is, on the contrary, turned

upwards.

By its incompletely ossified palate, as by its reduced

canines, Neotetracus approaches Hrinaceus, but this lacunar

character of the palate has probably not the value which

has been attributed to it, as all intermediate conditions are

found. By its small size (it is the smallest living species

of the family), its slender jaw, and the form of its

inferior molars the new type approaches Tetracus nanus,

Aymard*, a fossil species from the Tertiary of France,

known only from an incomplete fragment, and of which the

fore dental formula is unknown.

To sum up, Neotetracus joins the Gymnurine to the

Erinaceine, and it will perhaps be necessary to unite the two

subfamilies into one, or to distinguish them solely by the

nature of their pelage.

Neotetracus sinensis, sp. n.

Form recalling those of Macroscelides and Podogymnura.

Head conical, elongate, with the snout projecting beyond the

* Aymard, Ann. Soc. du Puy, 1848, p. 244; 1849, p. 110: Filhol,

Ann. Sc. Géol. xii. 1882, p. 8, pl. vi. figs. 7-9.

J Bibliographical Notices. 391

lower jaw. Ears rounded, very large. Feet five-toed,

slender, elongate, especially in the hind limb. All the under

surface of the foot naked or covered with very short hairs.

Tail about half the length of the body, somewhat slender,

covered with very short hairs.

Pelage similar to that of //ylomys suillus dorsalis, Thomas,

composed of two sorts of hair, but the general tint inclining

to reddish yellow. The majority of the hairs are of a deep

reddish yellow (grey at their base) ; long black hairs (longer

and more scattered, lighter at their points) project beyond

the reddish hairs, and are much more numerous on the back,

less abundant on the flanks. Beneath of a greyish white.

Ears (with very short hairs) and feet of a more or less deep

brown ; the fore feet tinted with reddish on their anterior

face. Soles of feet with six tubercles ranged two and two.

Dimensions.—Head and body 115 millim.; head 35 millim.;

ear 15 millim. ; tail 55 millim.; tarsus 26 millim. ; naked

part of the tibia 15 millim.; basal length of the skull 30

millim., greatest breadth 15 millim.

Seven specimens in skin with their skulls.

Hab. Ta-tsien-lou, province of Se-tchouen (China Occiden-

tal), at an altitude of 2545 metres. Sent by the Catholic

Mission of Ta-tsien-lou, under the direction of Mgr. Biet,

Apostolic Bishop of Tibet.

Later on I shall give a more complete description of this

interesting type, accompanied by figures.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalane in the British Museum.

Vol. VIL. Catalogue of the Noctuide. By Sir Groren F.

Hampson, Bart. London: Printed by Order of the Trustees.

8vo. Pp. xiv, 583; pls. exxiii.-cxxxvi., and 162 figures in the

text. (Text, price lds. ; plates, 12s.)

Tue appearance of a new volume of this gigantic work is now almost

an annual event, and frequenters of the insect-room at the British

Museum must often admire the quiet persistency with which the

indefatigable author pursues his work, year in and year out, allowing

nothing to divert his attention from it for an instant. In the

preface to the present volume Professor Harmer tells us :—‘ The

subject of Vol. VIII. of the ‘ Catalogue of Moths’ is the second part

of the Noctuid subfamily Acronyctine; it contains 720 species

belonging to 104 genera as compared with 843 species belonging

to 96 genera in Vol. VII., leaving 171 genera to be dealt within the

third and final part of the subfamily, which it is hoped will appear

392 Bibliographical Notices.

before the end of the current year.” The preface to vol. vii. is

dated Noy. 23rd, 1908, and that of vol. viii. March 18th, 1909,

thus leaving a period of less than five months between the dates of

appearance of these two volumes !

Sir G, F. Hampson’s arrangement of the Noctuide differs con-

siderably from that of previous authors, and the genera referred to

the Acronyctine in the present volume include, in addition. to

Acronycta and its immediate allies, many well-known British and

European genera usually placed in other groups. Among these we

may mention Simyra, Laphygma, Xylomyges, Stilbia, Petilampa, &e.

We have no need to remark on the general character of the

letterpress and illustrations, as we have frequently done so before.

We need only say that the high standard of previous volumes

appears to be well maintained throughout.

Lllustrations of African Blood-sucking Flies other than Mosquitoes

and Tsetse-Flies. By Ernest Epwarp Austen, Assistant in the

Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History).

With coloured figures by Grace Edwards. London, 1909.

Printed by Order of the Trustees. Roy. 8vo. Pp. xv, 221;

col. pls. xiii. Price 27s. 6d.

Tue dissemination of serious diseases by flies has been known for

a long period, but it is only within the last few years that its

extent and importance has been realized. The present volume is

one of a series, suggested by Mr. C. O. Waterhouse, which the

Trustees have undertaken to elucidate the increasingly important

study of blood-sucking Diptera. Of this series four volumes of a

Monograph of Mosquitoes, by Mr. F. V. Theobald, have been pub-

lished, and a fifth is promised, while Mr. Austen has published a

volume on tsetse-flies. The volume before us contains an account

of African Diptera (North Africa, except Egypt, being excluded)

belonging to the families Chironomid, Psychodide, Simuliide,

Tabanide, Muscide, and Hippoboscide, illustrated by excellent

coloured figures of 102 species. ‘Technical descriptions of the

species figured are omitted ; but general observations on the families,

genera, and species are given, with full particulars, as far as known,

on the habits, localities, &c. of the species.

The book will be extremely useful in coordinating our present

knowledge of the subject, and in furnishing a solid foundation for

further observations; while even from the less important standpoint

of systematic entomology the figures will be of great value to

students of the Diptera.

In Chapter VIII. we have a list of African blood-sucking flies

at present known (exclusive of mosquitoes and tsetse-flies), arranged

under countries—another valuable feature of the work, which

concludes with a good and comprehensive index.

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

[EIGHTH SERIES.]

No. 23. NOVEMBER 1909.

XLIII.—Deseriptions and Records of Bees —XXIII.

By T. D. A. CockereLL, University of Colorado.

Prosopis fijtensis, sp. n.

9 —Length 144 mm.

With a rather long pointed abdomen; brilliant steel-blue,

rather dark, with yellow lateral face-marks, consisting of

bands or bars (not in the least ‘triangular) ending very

obtusely below level of antenne. No yellow on clypeus;

posterior half of tubercles yellow ; legs dark blue without

yellow, middle and hind tarsi and apical part of their tibiz

with much light hair; head and thorax above with scanty

coarse dark hair; clypeus well punctured; mesothorax

strongly punctured, the punctures of two sizes, scutellum the

same. Wings clear, second s.m. very long, receiving the

recurrent nervures near base and apex. Tongue typical for

Prosopis, so far as can be seen in the dry state. General

appearance of insect not unlike P. aleyonea.

Hab. Fiji. Type in British Museum (F. Smith Collec-

tion, 79. 22).

A very distinct species; in my MS. table of Australian

Prosopis it runs to P. albonitens, but that is a very small

species.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 28

394 Mr. T. D, A. Cockerell— Descriptions and

Prosopis amata, sp. n.

? .—Runs in my table of Australian species to cognata and

violacea, but differs from them as follows :—

Lateral face-marks bow-shaped ; clypeus sparsely

punctured; mesothorax finely punctured.... wolacea and cognata.

Lateral face-marks cuneate, deep orange, ending

above at about level of antennze; mesothorax

with very large coarse dense punctures; clypeus

with dense punctiferous grooves..........++ amala.

Other characters of amata are:—Yellow of scutellum and

postscutellum not reduced ; area of metathorax with a trans-

verse ridge and little vertical ridges. Wings nearly clear;

first r. n. entering extreme apex of first s:m.; abdomen deep

steel-blue, shining, with fine punctures, uniform on segments

1 to 3.

Hab. Kuranda, Queensland (Ff. P. Dodd). Type in

British Museum.

Mr. R. E. Turner tells me that Kuranda is near Cairns, at

an altitude of about 1100 feet. Itisaregion of dense jungle.

Prosopis turneriana kurandensis, subsp. n.

3 .—Length 7 mm.

Runs in my table to P. versicolor, from which it differs by

its blue colour, and the first two abdominal segments sparsely

and feebly punctured. Itis really related to turneriana, from

which it differs by having a metallic purplish dark band at

each side of clypeus, not quite reaching the lower corners ;

supraclypeal mark shorter ; lateral face-marks pointed above,

with the inner upper margin nearly straight (rounded in

turneriana) ; second abdominal segment more sparsely and

feebly punctured. Tubercles purplish coppery, with a lght

spot; anterior tibiz bright chestnut in front and the other

tibia with red marks.

Hab. Kuranda, Queensland (F. P. Dodd, 1907. 129). Type

in British Museum.

This species is not a true Prosopts.

Prosopis amiculiformis, sp. n.

? .—Recorded as P. amicula, Sm., in Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist., Nov. 1905, p. 467. Actual comparison with Smith’s

type shows that itis distinct. Length nearly 7 mm.; clypeus

Records of Bees. 395

much broader (especially above) than in amicula; irregular

wrinkles of metathorax stronger.

Near Mackay, Queensland,

In my key it comes in as follows :—

Clypeus wholly black ; light markings deep chrome-

yellow.

Larger; punctures of mesothorax very distinct ;

first r. n, enters firat’s.m. ...6.0....s0005, amiculiformis, Ckll.

Smaller; punctures of mesothorax so small as to

be hardly visible separately under a lens;

first r. n. joins first t-c. .....-..005 sees amicula, Sm.

Prosopis elegans, Smith.

Comparison of types shows that P. sydneyana, CkIl., is the

same as elegans,

Prosopis diversipuncta, sp. n.

? .—Length about 8} mm.

Robust. Runs in my table next to P. nigrifrons, having

the face entirely black. ‘The two are separated thus :—

Tubercles yellow, and also a contiguous large yellow

patch on pleura; front dull and densely punc-

tured; mesothorax quite densely punctured ;

area of metathorax not ridged .............. nigrifrons, Sm.

Tubercles black, but a quadrate yellow patch

behind; front shining, with well-separated

unctures; mesothorax shining, with strong

bat scattered punctures, not uniform in size ;

area of metathorax strongly ridged .......... diversipuncta, Ckll.

Other characters of P. diversipuncta are :—Wings dilute

fuliginous ; second r. n. receiving both recurrent nervures;

scutellum and postscutellum orange, the anterior margin of

orange on scutellum wavy ; abdomen shining, first segment

with very minute punctures, contrasting with much Moke

ones on base of second.

Hab. Kuranda, Queensland (Dodd). 2 @? in British

Museum.

Prosopis aureomaculata, sp. n.

3 .—Length about 6 mm.

Black, with almost clear wings ; face very narrow, the pale

clypeus with a black stripe on each side adjacent to the

suture, narrowing above and failing below ; a small broad

and short supraclypeal mark; lateral marks long and narrow,

28*

396 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell— Descriptions and

but not linear, extending far above antennz, notched by the

antennal sockets, and ending in a point a little away from

orbit ; scape ivory-colour in front; flagellum bright ferrugi-

nous beneath; front, vertex, and mesothorax very densely

and minutely punctured; upper edge of prothorax with a

very narrow yellow band, interrupted in middle ; tubercles

orange-yellow, but no spot behind; scutellum and _post-

scutellum bright orange, very smooth, the anterior edge of

orange of scutellum gently convex; area of metathorax

shining, with a sericeous surface and a fine transverse line ;

tegule black. Legs black, anterior and middle tibia with a

whitish spot near apex ; anterior tibia in front and their tars?

ferruginous ; first abdominal segment with very strong pune-

tures, second and third with finer ones; no ventral teeth ;

first r. n. joins first t.-c.

Runs in table near P. elongata, as follows :—

Clypeus and lateral marks ivory-colour ...... aureomaculata, Ckll.

Uy MEUR VOUOW <oo2 ick once oe nc cie alate OMe 1;

1, Supraclypeal mark present; mesothorax

minutely and densely punctured ; ante-

rior tibiae and tarsi red; a constriction

between first and second dorsal abdominal

BOPMIGHIS Gage oe as Sah oe ceils Seat elongata, Sm.

No supraclypeal mark .............+.. honesta, Sin., simillima,

Sm., and metallica, Sm.

Hab. Kuranda, Queensland (Dodd). ‘Type in British

Museum.

Prosopis permiranda, sp. n.

9 .—Length about 8 mm.

Rather robust; head and thorax dark green ; abdomen

purple, with green shades. Wings long, clear, with the

apical margin dusky; stigma and nervures sepia-brown ;

second s.m. considerably broader than high, receiving both

recurrent nervures. Head and thorax with pale yellow

markings consisting of longitudinal stripes, three on face, one

from anterior ocellus to very near clypeal margin, and one on

each side along orbits, the latter ending in a fine line at top

of eye; a subpyriform light yellow mark on each side of

lateral ocelli and a rather broad band along hind margins of

eyes ; on thorax the upper edge of prothorax is light, a band

extends from tubercles backwards across pleura, and another

across the lower part of pleura (bent downwards anteriorly) ;

the mesothorax has four narrow bands; rather broad bands

extend from axillze across scutellum and postscutellum, to end

in a narrow stripe (detached from rest of band) on each side

Records of Bees. 397

of metathoracic enclosure ; sides and posterior truncation of

metathorax with dense white hair; clypeus and most of front

“mae sculptured ; vertex strongly punctured; scape black;

flagellum dull brown beneath ; mesothorax with strong well-

separated punctures, as also scutellum, but those on post-

scutellum much smaller; area of metathorax sericeous, not

punctured, but sides punctured; tegule black, the edge

narrowly pallid; legs black, with silvery hair, anterior tibia

in front and bases of the other tibie pale yellow ; abdomen

sparsely punctured and with beautiful white hair-bands

(failing in middle) along hind margins of first three segments.

This is the most splendidly ornamented Prosopis known to

me ; whether it is strictly of that genus may be doubted, but

I have not been able to see the mouth-parts. It is very easily

recognized by its peculiar markings.

Hab. Kuranda, Queensland (Vodd). ‘Type in British

Museum.

Bombus tetrachromus, sp. n.

2 .—Size of B. rufofasciatus, Sm., which it resembles in

pubescence of head and thorax, but in the abdomen it is

uite different, inasmuch as the hair of the basal part, before

the red band, which is black in rufofusciatus, is bright

canary-yellow. ‘The sides of the first segment have long

white hair, as in rufofasciatus. As in rufofasciatus, the

median band on the abdomen is bright red and the apical part

is white. Superficially this is so exactly a rufofasciatus with

yellow in place of black on the abdomen, that I thought it

might be merely a remarkable variety, but the following

structural differences show that this cannot be :—

Malar space about as long as broad ; fourth antennal

joint longer than wide ..........sseeseeees rufofasciatus, Sm,

Malar space much shorter; fourth antennal joint

shorter, rather wider than long.............. tetrachromus, CkIL

Hab. Baltistan. Type in British Museum (88. 31).

Colletes rhodaspis, sp. n.

9 .—Length about 9 mm.

Rather stout-bodied, black, with much the general appear-

ance of C. grisea, Sm., though smaller, but with the hair of

the scutellum entirely bright crimson-red. Head broad;

clypeus shining, with a strong median groove; hair of face

mostly black at sides and greyish-white with an ochreous tint

in middle, mixed on vertex, long and pale on lower part of

398 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

cheeks; antenne black, middle joints of flagellum much

longer than broad; mandibles reddish subapically ; labrum

shining, without pits; thorax (except scutellum) with hair

partly greyish white and partly black, about evenly mixed on

mesothorax, greyish black on pleura; mesothorax shining,

with weak punctures; area of metathorax with a basal series

of very small pits, the apical triangle transversely (rather

obliquely) plicatulate laterally. Wings dusky hyaline;

tegule, nervures, and stigma piceous ; stigma small. Legs

normal, the hair light and dark as on thorax; hair on hind

femora long and pale; hind spur ordinary. Abdomen short,

shining, bandless, with minute feeble punctures, hair of apical

part mainly black, of basal pale, ochreous-tinted.

Closely related to C. patagonica, Schrottky, but that species

is larger and has the hair all black or fuscous, except that on

scutellum, which is orange-red. C. bicolor, Sm., has the hair

of thorax above entirely very bright apricot-colour, but the

abdomen is blue.

Hab. Patagonia, V. del Lago Blanco (Chubut). Type in

British Museum.

Tetrapedia swainsone, sp. n.

A testaceous species, very close to 7. flava (Hzomalopsis

flava, Smith), and at first sight identical, but the clypeus has

only a few very minute punctures, while that of flava has

very strong punctures; the flagellum is darker than in flava.

In the male the sides of the face are yellow, but the front

below the ocelli is dark brown, with a suffused median

yellowish stripe. The stigma and nervures in male are dark

reddish brown, in female amber-colour. The wings in both

sexes are yellowish. There is a superficial resemblance to

Trigona pallida, Latr., from Brazil.

Hab. Jamaica; in British Museum. ¢. Bath, St. Thomas,

1892 (E. M. Swainson); 2. Jamaica, 97-166; g. P. Cr.

River, St. Thomas, June 1892.

The following table separates the testaceous species of

Tetrapedia and Exomalopsis described by Smith :—

Second r. n. precisely meeting third t.-c., the

outer sides of the adjacent cells continuous

and without any appendiculation at the

juncture; outer side of hind basitarsus

covered with dark soot-coloured hair. (S. (Sm.

Panlayaice tsi biee: Siete eae Tetrapedia levifrons,

Second r. nu. joining third s.m. before the end .. 1.

1, Mesothorax shining, evidently punctured.. 2.

Mesothorax dull not evidently punctured.. 3.

a a

Records of Bees. 399

2. Larger; punctures of mesothorax very

sparse ; abdomen light yellow, the hair

on apical segments golden. (Santarem.) T. punctifrons, Sm.

Smaller ; punctures of mesothorax nume-

rous; thorax quite dark ; abdomen pale

dull brownish, apical hair white or

almost; scopa of hind legs very large [Sm.

and strongly plumose................ Exomalopsis testacea,

3. Expanse about 19 mm. ; front brown-black,

with a median yellow stripe; hind mar-

gins of abdominal segments darkened. (Sm.

Ain on ciudad oo 00 uneid ie vs Tetrapedia flavipennis,

Expanse 15 mm. or less ...............- 4.

4. Face broader, colour darker; size a little

larger ; hind basitarsus longer ........ T. testacea, Sm.

Face narrower, colour lighter, the meta-

thorax ane yellow; size a little

smaller; hind basitarsus shorter; apex

of abdomen with brilliant reddish-golden

BSE Pua Vley ad ten oe dds ti eededwe T. flava (Sm.).

T. swainsone runs in this table to fava, differing as already

stated.

Augochlora jamaicana, sp. 0.

@ .—Length about 6 mm.

Easily known by the enormous quadrate head, larger than

thorax, with very broad face, swollen rounded shining cheeks,

and small eyes, which are emarginate within. Head shining

brilliant green and purple; thorax bluish green, minutely

rugoso-punctate ; abdomen short, pyriform, brilliant purple,

not vibrissate, with a fine pallid pruinosity; area of meta-

thorax finely but distinctly striolate, some of the striz curving

and meeting in the middle line; legs ferruginous, with pale

glittering hair; hind spur simple, bent near the base ;

mandibles large, suffused with castaneous-red, and with a

large inner tooth; antenne dark, brownish, much nearer

together than either to eye; ocelli close together, in a slight

depression.

Allied to A. elegans, Cresson (specimen from S. Domingo

compared), but that has the head narrower and differently

shaped, eyes less strongly emarginate, stria on metathorax

different, &c.

Very distinct from the Jamaican A. regina, Sm., and

decorata, Sm,

Hab. Jamaica; type in British Museum, from F. Smith’s

collection.

400 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell— Descriptions and

Melissa azurea (Lep.)..

Syn. vujfipes, Perty.

Bath, St. Thomas, Jamaica (#. 14. Swainson).

Perfectly typical ; new to Jamaica.

Nomioides muiri, sp. 0.

9 .—Length about 5 mm.

Head and thorax a dullish rather variable yellowish green,

with bright markings and thin white pubescence; clypeus

yellow, its upper edge straight; yellow lateral face-marks

very small, transverse, not or hardly going above a line drawn

horizontally from lower edge of orbit to clypeus; mandibles

yellow, black apically ; scape yellow, the upper three-fifths

black above; flagellum dark above, pallid below; inner

orbits conspicuously emarginate; upper edge of prothorax,

tubercles (except a black dot), tegule, a broad band (abruptly

truncate laterally, not reaching sides) on hind part of meso-

thorax, two large (confluent posteriorly) patches on scutellum

and most of postscutellum, all yellow, as also a line from

seutellar patches to hind wings; pleura without yellow.

Wings perfectly clear, with very pale yellow venation; stigma

large, b. n. strongly bent, second s.m. narrow; legs yellow,

coxz, hind femora (except at apex), and much of middle of

hind tibiz black. Abdomen yellow with dark brown bands,

apical middle of first segment green ; base and apex of first

segment, narrowly connected in middle line, dark ; second

and third segments black at anterior basal corners and

broadly brown apically, the brown not reaching the lateral

margins; on the third segment this is developed medially

into a large triangle, the apex of which nearly reaches the

base of the segment (in another specimen this triangle is not

present) ; apical segments with rather irregular yellow clouds

on a dark ground; venter largely dark, especially on apical

half.

Hab. Mozambique (F. Muir). Type in Cambridge Uni-

versity Museum.

The genus Nomioides was previously known in E. Africa

as far south as Somaliland (JV. somalica, Magr.).

Crocisa ceruleifrons, W. F. Kirby.

An examination of the type in the British Museum shows

that this species has been quite misunderstood, and has no-

thing to do with the Australian insect attribufed to it, the

;

Records of Bees. 401

latter being apparently entitled to the name C. quartina,

Gribodo. The following characters are distinctive of

ceruleifrons :—

Expanse 224 mm. Size and general appearance of C. niti-

dula; spots a beautiful purple-blue ; scutellum W-shaped,

entirely black, no white hair projecting from notch; anterior

wings dark fuscous; face blue, the middle third above

antenne black; pleura with a black transverse band ; blue

spots on thorax as follows—one on each side of prothorax,

contiguous with a cuneate one (pointing laterad) on meso-

thorax, middle of anterior margin of mesothorax with a

cuneate mark pointing caudad, a small round spot on each

side of disc, and a hook-shaped mark on each side posteriorly.

Abdomen with the first segment blue, except a narrow median

line, widening into a subquadrate (hut-shaped) mark, which

rests on a dark band along the hind margin, narrowing

laterally ; segments 2 to 4 with broad bands, narrowly

interrupted in the middle, the band on 2 with the two divisions

somewhat curved; posterior side of hind tibia mainly blue.

Related to C. basalis, Friese.

Crocisa verticalis, sp. n.

? .—Length about 10 mm., expanse 23.

Anterior wings dark fuscous, hardly spotted. Similar to

C. ceruleifrons, with purple markings, but marks on abdomen

greatly reduced, as follows: first segment with only a vertical

blue bar on each side, not reaching its base or apex ; segments

2 to 5 each with a lateral transverse blue bar, short and not

at all widened laterad (representing very widely interrupted

bands). Scutellum practically as in ceruleifrons, but strongly

and very distinctly punctured (feebly punctured in ceru/ei-

frons) ; mesothorax with a pair of longitudinally oval discal

spots and a small spot near each posterior lateral corner,

also a pair of very small bars or spots on anterior edge, but

no median band or mark; face ornamented about as in

ceruleifrons, but the black region above antenne con-

spicuously wider than the lateral ones ; pleura black with an

oblong blue spot; hind tibize black with a large blue spot on

basal half, middle tibize similarly marked ; anterior tibia

mainly blue behind; lower side of third s.m. broader than

in ceruleifrons.

Related to C. pulchella, Guér., and C. nana, Friese.

Hab. Amboina; “ Paso, 1396” (H. O. Forbes). Type

in British Museum.

402 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

Nomia (Meganomia, subg. n.) binghamt?, sp. n.

? .—Length about 15 mm.; expanse slightly over 30.

Head and thorax black, rather sparsely punctured; a

small spot before each laterai ocellus, sides of face broadly

(obliquely truncate above, at about half distance between

ocelli and antenne, the dower side of the truncation on

orbit), a large supraclypeal spot, and clypeus (except a black

am above) pale yellow; basal half of mandibles testaceous ;

scape yellow in front; flagellum, except at base, ferruginous

beneath ; upper margin of prothorax (interrupted in middle),

tubercles, ~—/ ‘—~ formed marks on anterior margin of

mesothorax, most of hind half of scutellum (more in sub-

lateral region), postscutellum, area of metathorax (narrowly

interrupted in middle), and two spots on hind face of meta-

thorax, yellow; tegule partly yellow, partly ferruginous.

Wings slightly dusky, yellowish; nervures ferruginous; no

stigma, or a mere vestige. Legs dark reddish, anterior and

middle knees yellow ; anterior tibiee broadly yellow at base

and apex, the yellow connected by a line; middle tibize

yellow at apex; abdomen broad, ferruginous, with five very

broad bright yellow bands, each broadly subemarginate sub-

laterally by a dark elongate spot. In build and size it

resembles Stenotritus elegans, Sm., but the hind spur is

minutely ciliate (with long coarse teeth in S. elegans), and

the venation is entirely different. The middle spur is

normal.

The following structural characters will define the new

subgenus Meganomia:—'Tongue short, pointed; maxillary

palpi with six short joints; no facial foveee; mandibles

simple; ocelli large, in a low triangle; inner orbits practi-

cally parallel, not in the least emarginate ; flagellum short

and thick, first joint about or nearly as long as next three

together, apical joint rounded; tegule of moderate size;

scutellum with a fine longitudinal ridge; claws very strongly

cleft ; no pulvillus (at least on front pair) ; hind trochanters

bulging behind; no floceus at base of hind legs; a large

scopa on hind tibia and tarsus, the white hairs merely

spinulose; pygidial plate very broad, broadly rounded (sub-

truncate) at apex; marginal cell with rounded apex not on

costa, and a slight appendiculation; first sm. at least as

long as second and third combined ; second s.m. not far from

square, receiving first r. n. a little before end of first third ;

third s.m. nearly as broad above as second, and receiving the

second r. n.a short distance beyond middle; b.n. going a

short distance basad of t.-m.; t.-m. of hind wings vertical,

Records of Bees. 403

slightly bent inwards below (practically as in Andrena; in

Stenotritus e/egans it is long and very oblique).

3 .—Apical joint of antenne produced and hooked.

Length about 17 mm.

Face narrow, the eyes large; face up to antenne cream-

colour, except a black stripe down each side of supraclypeal

area; thorax with less yellow, that on scutellum reduced to a

narrow band on hind margin, and no yellow on metathorax ;

anterior ind middle legs yellow; hind trochanters mainly

yellow, pointed behind ; hind femora very greut/y swollen,

mostly black above and yellow beneath, the black nearly

dividing the yellow by a process on outer side ; hind tibie

more or less flattened, with a hump on middle of inner side,

outer surface yellow, with a black mark in middle and apical

outer corner black, inner side with about basal two-fifths

yellow ; Aind tarsi excavated as though a large piece had been

bitten out; abdomen brown-black, with six bright yellow

bands, narrowed (the first interrupted) in middle; venter

largely pale yellow, with six conspicuous black spots.

flab. Damara Land, 2 9,1 ¢ in British Museum, from

F. Smith’s collection.

One of the females (with an anterior leg of some other bee

glued on in place of the proper member) has stood for years

in the Museum collection, labelled by Bingham as a new

species of Megacilissa from the Himalayas. I cannot adopt

Bingham’s manuscript specific name, as it has reference to

the erroneous locality-label, and has, moreover, been used by

Nurse for a different Nomia. Evidently Col. Bingham came

to doubt the Asiatic locality, as the insect is not described in

his work on Indian bees.

Xylocopa varians ecuadorica, subsp. n.

9 .—Length about 165 mm., expanse about 28 mm.

Head dark blue, with black hair mixed with pale, all

black on vertex, mostly pale on cheeks; labrum with orange

hair; clypeus with large punctures and a smooth line;

thorax blue-green, more steel-blue on disc, its hair black,

more or less mixed with pale; pleura dark blue. Abdomen

dark yellowish green, with short sparse pale golden hairs ;

last segment and sides of penultimate with black hair,

extreme apex with orange. Anterior legs with black hair,

middle with hair on outer side of basitarsus pale yellowish ;

hind legs with pale yellowish hair on outer side of basi-

tarsus and on apical half of tibia; first r. n, reaching base of

third s.m.

404 Mr. R. I. Pocock on the Colours of

Differs from genuine X. varians, Sm. (S. Brazil), by being

less stout, with a narrower abdomen; tegule black (red in

varians) ; abdomen yellower and with more pale hair. The

oblique spine on outer side of hind tibia is practically as in

varians. Wings orange-tinted as in varians.

Differs from X. ornata, Sm. (8. Paulo), by being larger,

with the abdomen very much darker and less golden, and the

face much narrower.

Differs from X. viridis, Sm., by the dark hair of thorax,

and the abdomen without bands. Easily known from

X. barbata, Fabr., by the colour, and the absence of the

shining silver-white hair which covers the cheeks of barbata.

Distinguished from X. electa, Sm., by the light hair on legs,

colour of abdomen, &c.

Hab. Guayaquil, Ecuador (British Museum, 96. 119).

Xylocopa lunulata minensis, subsp. n.

3. Agrees exactly with Lepeletier’s description of his

X. lunulata from China, except that the clypeus (except its

broad lower border) is dull white. Length a little over

30 mm.; anterior wing 254; face broad, the inner orbits

parallel; face-markings greyish-ivory colour, including in

addition to the clypeus a semicircular supraclypeal mark, a

lunule on each side of anterior ocellus, and broad lateral

marks. The face is thinly clothed with black hairs. The

general appearance of the insect is like that of X. dissimilis,

Lep., which also occurs in China, and in view of what Pérez

has written concerning the variability of dissemilis it is quite

possible that /unulata and ménensis are both local races of

that insect.

Hab. Sharp Peak, island at mouth of Min River, June 16,

1909 (James Percy Grant).

At the same time and place Mr. Grant took Anthophora

zonata (L.), and species of Argynnis and Papilio, the latter

of a tropical type.

Boulder, Colorado.

Sept. 11, 1909.

XLIV.—On the Colours of Horses, Zebras, and Tapirs. By

R. I. Pocock, F.L.S., F.Z.8., Superintendent of the

Zoological Society’s Gardens.

IRRESPECTIVE of breed, the commonest types of colours in

domestic horses are the following :—Bays with black

“ points”? are rufous-brown horses, with mane, tail, and lower

————————————

Horses, Zebras, and Tapirs. 405

half of the legs black. Chestnuts are paler*reddish brown,

with the mane and tail and the lower half of the legs tlie

same colour as the body or even paler. Blacks, as the name

suggests, are black allover. Browns are intermediate between

bays or chestnuts and blacks. Duns are pale yellow-brown or

fawn-coloured horses, typically resembling bays in having

the mane, tail, and lower parts of the legs black, but, apart

from the colour of the body, generally also differing from

them in having a black spinal stripe running from the mane

to the tail, those presenting this feature being known as

*€ eel-backed ” duns. Roans have the neck and body covered

with a mixture of white and black or white and red hairs,

A peculiarity about this type is the absence of white hairs, at

all events as a rule, from the head, mane, tail, and the lower

parts of the legs. Greys are mostly of two kinds, “ dappled”

when marked with a network of black, and “ flea-bitten ”

when the black or brown is distributed as small specks over

a white ground. Greys pass into whites; but it is by no

means necessary to assume that whites are always exagge-

rations of the grey type. Analogy suggests that they may

be abrupt variations from bays or chestnuts. Finally, there

are piebald and skewbald horses blotched with white and

brown or black in varying proportions.

Now these types of colour seem to be reducible to three

categories: the first containing bays, blacks, chestnuts, roans,

and piebalds; the second duns; and the third greys and

the majority of whites. Blacks appear to be melanistic and

chestnuts erythristic variations of bays with black points.

That chestnuts are “red” sports is attested by the colour of the

mane and tail being the same as that of the body or lighter; for

in all wild species of the horse family, like Kiangs, Chigetais,

and Onagers, whatever shade of chestnut or fawn the coat

may be, the bulk of the mane and of the tail-tuft is black.

The frequency, too, with which chestnuts have a white blaze

and white “stockings” or “ bracelets’? shows a strong

tendency to albinism in this type. In these horses, as well

as in bays and blacks, albinism usually shows itself first by

a white spot, called the “star,” on the hair-whorl of the

forehead. This may be the only white mark to be detected.

It varies considerably in size, and may spread over the

forehead and down the nose, to constitute the “ blaze.”

When the blaze involves the end of the muzzle it is accom-

panied by a pink tinge of the lips, a sure sign of albinism

and certain evidence that the whiteness of this area in

domestic horses is not properly comparable to the whiteness

of the muzzle in Kiangs and Onagers, in which the area of the

406 Mr. R. I. Pocock on the Colours of

muzzle in front of the nostrils and the lips is never pink, but

some shade, darker or lighter, of ashy black or grey.

A second very common sign of albinism is the appearance

of white in varying amount on the area of one or more of the

legs below the knees and hocks. When the white affects

only the fetlocks and pasterns it forms a “ bracelet,” when

it extends to the knees and hocks it is called a ‘ stocking.”

The albinistic nature of bracelets and stockings is betrayed

by the whiteness, partial or complete, of the hoofs; for,

reverting once more to the Asiatic asses, not to mention the

true Quagga, however nearly white the legs may be, the

hoofs are always black with a narrow rim above them darker

than the colour of the rest of the fetlock.

When in blacks, bays, or chestnuts the white appears as

patches on the body, it gives rise to piebalds and skewbalds.

Thus it appears certain that the white star, blaze, bracelets,

stockings, and blotches on the body in all domestic horses are

evidences of partial albinism, and cannot be regarded as

characters inherited from one or more wild ancestral types *.

The same may probably be said of the white that appears in

roans. Thatroan colour belongs to the same category as bay

and black is suggested by the dark tint of the head, mane,

tail, and legs in typical roan-coloured horses; but in these

the white is distributed all over the body, without affecting,

however, all the hairs. Thus, eliminating from this category

blacks as melanistic and chestnuts as erythristic sports, roans

and piebalds as exhibiting partial albinism, and, for the same

reason, all horses showing white marks upon the head or

legs, there only remain, as perhaps representing a primitive

unaltered type of coloration, bays with black points.

Reasoning from different premises, Prof. Ridgeway f has

come to the conclusion that there was at one time a wild

horse of this colour in Libya, from which the so-called Arabs

of English literature are descended. And if, as I believe,

chestnuts are erythristic sports, Mr. Wilfrid Blunt’s ¢ opinion

that chestnut is the original colour of Arabs (Kehailans) is

untenable. Moreover, if the above-given explanation of

“black,” “ chestnut,” and ‘ white” is correct, it does not, in

* Precisely the same conclusion has been independently reached by

Prof. Ewart, who states (P. R.Soc., Oct. 9, 1909), in a paper not seen by

me until after mine was in the printer’s hands, that his experiments in

horse-breeding show that “stars” and bracelets are not ancestral traits,

as Prof. Ridgeway supposed them to be.

+ ‘Origin and Influence of the Thoroughbred Horse,’ 1905.

t “Arabian Horse,” in the ‘Standard Cyclopedia of Modern Agricul-

ture,’ i. p. 180 (1908).

Horses, Zebras, and Tapirs. 407

my opinion, follow that the occurrence of horses of these

colours in any locality or breed justifies, without further

evidence, the belief that intermixture of strains has taken

lace.

Although true dun—that is to say, cream-brown or fawn—

is at least as pale a shade as chestnut, there is no reason to

regard it as indicating incipient albinism, as is the case with

chestnut, because the mane and tail and hoofs are typically

black. The lower parts of the legs are also blackish and

very frequently show transverse stripes. There is also

usually ¢ blick spinal stripe extending from the mane to the

tail, and not uncommonly a dark stripe or stripes across the

shoulders andelsewhere. To this colour some of Prjevalsky’s

horses closely approximate, and it is believed by Prof. Ewart

to have been the colour of a stout wild forest horse of Scandi-

navia and other parts of Western Europe, the domestic repre-

sentative of which he has identified as the typical Equus

caballus of Linnzus *.

As regards greys and whites, the latter may be set aside

at once as deviations from the primitive style of colouring,

because outside arctic and subarctic latitudes so few species of

mammals are perennially white that it may be confidently

assumed no wild species of horse was ever ot that conspicuous

colour. Greys with white manes and tails may be also dis-

regarded as albinistic. But dappled greys with black or

mostly black manes, tails, and “ points” are more deserving

of attention, because, in the first place, horses that are true

to this type do not show convincing signs of albinism and

because, in the second place, they possess a very definite

pattern.

As has been very well known for many years, domestic

horses are marked with patterns of two kinds, namely stripes

and dapples. Stripes, which are more usually present in duns

than in horses of other breeds, although they are sometimes

seen in bays and chestnuts, are obviously comparable to the

stripes of asses, both African and Asiatic. The stripe most

commonly developed is the spinal. Next in order of frequency

are short stripes on the legs, especially across and above the

knees and hocks. Now and again also there are one or

more stripes on the shoulder and adjacent part of the neck,

and sometimes narrow stripes on the head resembling in

general arrangement those of some zebras. In dun horses

* Tr. Highland and Agric. Soc. Scotland, pp. 32-38 (1904). Prof.

Ewart does not, however, now think that the name caballus should be

fixed to this horse.

408 Mr. R. I. Pocock on the Colours of

all these stripes may coexist in one individual. Some exhibit

only the spinal stripe, but when the legs or shoulders are

barred the spinal stripe appears to be always present as well ;

just as in the Asiatic asses, while stripes on the legs and

shoulders may or may not be detectable, the spinal stripe is

of invariable occurrence.

It is also known that the foals of some horses, especially

duns, may show on parts of the body other than those

specified faint stripes which usually disappéar with the first

moult; and Hagenbeck recorded the presence of such

evanescent stripes upon the foals of the wild Mongolian

Prjevalsky’s horses. With the exception of this last cireum-

stance, all the above enumerated facts connected with the

striping of horses were well known to Darwin *, and he

drew from them the conclusion that domestic breeds of

horses are descended from a single wild species which was

dun in colour and marked more or less with dark stripes.

That portion of this view which relates to the presence of

black stripes in the ancestral stock is generally accepted at

the present time. Nevertheless it must be remembered that

dappling or pummel-marking, as it is sometimes called, is a

far more usual pattern in domestic horses than stripes.

It occurs commonly in bays and blacks, more rarely in

chestnuts, is not unknown in duns, and attains its highest

perfection in dapple-greys.

In horses of this colour the pattern may be described as

consisting of white spots upon a black or blackish-grey

ground, or of a black or blackish-grey network with white

interspaces, in just the same way as zebras have been stated

to be black-striped or white-striped according to the fancy

of the describer. When dappling occurs in bays the network

is black on the bay ground, and in blacks the dappling

stands out against the dark ground-colour on account of

the greater intensity of its tone or of a difference in the sheen

of the hairs, precisely as is the case in the spots of black

leopards or the marbling of tabby cats.

Now it is admittedly possible that “dappling” is a sport

without phylogenetic significance. This, however, has not

been always held. Darwin suspected that dappling was a

modification of the striped pattern T with which he believed

* For a more recent and detailed discussion of this subject, see

Prof. Ewart’s ‘ Penycuick Experiments,’ pp. 100-134 (1899).

+ This is not exactly Prof. Ewart’s opinion. He said: “ Dappling, I

believe, has been acquired since the ancestral stripes were all but lost.

When dappling coexists with more or less distinct stripes it is at once

evident....that the one has not been derived from the other. The

Horses, Zebras, and Tapirs. 409

the wild forerunner of domestic horses was marked, and he

cites in support of this opinion the alleged fact that in

several species of the cat family stripes pass into spots. In

opposition to this it must be urged that a pattern of trans-

verse stripes is a very unusual style of coloration in Mammalia,

and that in members of the cat family, in the tiger for instance,

it is tolerably certain that the stripes owe their origin to the

fusion in transverse lines of solid spots or of large irregularly

disposed rosette-shaped or subcireular blotches *, Therefore,

adopting Darwin’s analogy, if dapples and stripes in horses

stand in the same relation to one another as spots and stripes

in jaguars and tigers, it follows that the = es a pattern

preceded the striped pattern in the evolution of equine colora-

tion. It is at all events possible, perhaps oad more likely

than not, that this is the true explanation of the persistence

with which the dappled pattern crops up in diverse breeds of

domesticated horses. As Dr. Bonavia, perhaps exaggera-

tedly, said, ‘‘ the very fact that the dappling is so persistently

inherited, either wholly or vestigially, would indicate that it

comes from the very foundation of horse evolution ” f.

Darwin, moreover, cites a case of a donkey marked in this

way, a fact which shows, assuming the truth of the hypothesis,

that the dappling has not wholly died out in the asinine line

of descent.

The black-and-white-striped coloration of zebras shows

that there is nothing intrinsically improbable in the suppo-

sition of the existence in former days of a wild horse mottled

with black and white. There seem to be no reasons to think

that with a slightly different environment the dappled or

mottled pattern would not be as beneficially procryptic as the

striped is known to be. Perhaps it would lend itself espe-

cially to concealment in horses accustomed to shelter in woods

through the foliage of which the sun-rays passed, dappling

the leaves and tree-trunks with spots of light.

It appears to me to be impossible to say which breed of

horses in which dapple-grey individuals crop up approaches

pigment which formerly produced stripes .. . . has in recent times been

as it were left uncontrolled, with the result that it frequently gives rise

to ever-varying and quite roe ge dappling, or to large equally

meaningless blotches” (‘ Penycuick Experiments,’ pp. 123-124, 1899).

Yet pigment which adheres so persistently to the dappled pattern can

scarcely be described as uncontrolled.

® Pocock, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xx. p. 436 (1907).

+ ‘Studies in the Evolution of Animals,’ p. 61 (1895). This work,

although the reverse of orthodox in many of its conclusions, is well worth

careful reading for its recorded facts.

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 29

410 Mr. R. 1. Pocock on the Colours of

nearest to the hypothetical wild type that was so coloured.

Whether he was tal] in stature or a pony, heavily or lightly

built, long- or short-headed, must be left, at all events for

the present, undecided. It is, in my opinion, almost certain

that crossing of different breeds, whether intentionally selec-

tive or not, together with changed conditions of life, have

so altered domestic horses, that no existing grey resembles,

except in colour, and perhaps not exactly in that, the hypo-

thetical wild prototype. Welsh and Airedale terriers have

reverted nearly to the coloration of jackals without in them-

selves resembling jackals in structure.

According to Prof. Ridgeway * there is justification for

the conclusion “that grey horses are not an original stock

. .. but are the result of crossing Libyan and Asiatic blood.”

I presume from this that Prof. Ridgeway holds that dapple-

greys with the mane, tails, and lower legs mostly black are

hybrids or mongrels or “sports” in the sense that chestnuts

are sports, a view which may be perfectly correct f. Never-

theless I do not think it follows that dapple-grey was not a

primitive colour because it comes out in the progeny when

the parents belong to distinct stocks, whether they be breeds,

subspecies, or species; for, as Darwin pointed out, the

offspring of distinct breeds may revert to the coloration of

remote ancestors. Hence, if ‘‘dapple-grey” results from

crossing bay Libyan with dun Asiatic horses, the fact may

be cited as an item of evidence in favour of the possibly

primitive nature of that pattern. This, at all events, is a

suggested explanation of what is otherwise, if true, a remark-

able phenomenon in inheritance.

But the dapple-grey pattern is interesting from another

point of view. As already said, a horse so coloured may be

described with perfect accuracy either as a dark horse with

white spots or as a white horse with dark reticulations, just

as zebras may be described as black animals with white or

fawn stripes or as white or fawn animals with black stripes.

Up to the present time it has been almost universally ad-

mitted that in the Equide the black markings constitute the

stripes and the white or fawn the ground-colour to which the

stripes have been superadded, as in the case of the Adluroid

Carnivora. Sir Harry Johnston {, however, thinks this view

* ‘Origin and Influence of the Thoroughbred Horse,’ p. 261 (1905).

+ Compare, however, Hamilton Smith, who said “ albinism would

produce white or flea-bitten or sorrel horses, but does not afford the

round dapples and black legs” (“ Horses” in the ‘ Naturalist’s Library,’

Mammalia, vol. xii. p. 211, 1841).

t ‘The Woburn Library: British Mammals,’ pp. 276-277 (1903).

Horses, Zebras, and Tapirs. 411

is entirely wrong, and holds that the white marks in zebras

are the true stripes and the black the ground-colour.

Although this hypothesis 9 tape at first sight to be im-

probable, especially when brought into contact with the

coloration of such species of Equidw as Prjevalsky’s horse

or the Nubian wild ass, it seems to me to be worthy of

careful consideration and not hastily dismissible as without

foundation.

In its favour its author adduces the following facts. In

several groups of Ungulates there is a pattern of white spots,

which are either transitory and confined to the young or are

rsistent through life to old age. ‘lhe deer furnish familiar

instances of both these phenomena, and no one probably

doubts that white spots tending to run into longitudinal lines

formed the pattern of primitive members of the Cervide.

Antelopes of the subfamily Tragelaphine also commonly

exhibit white markings usually in the form of transverse

stripes, but sometimes, as in T'ragelaphus, of longitudinal

white stripes and spots often coexistent with the transverse

stripes, which have probably been derived from them.

Giraffes, too, although commonly described as spotted with

brown on a whitish ground, may be equally well regarded as

brown animals with a network of white. This is especially

evident in the Somaliland race of the North-African giraffe

(Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata) ; and in view of what has

already been said of the prevalence of a pattern of white in

some other ruminant Ungulates, the view that giraffes are

fundamentally brown animals marked with white must be

regarded as highly plausible. Even outside the limits of

the Ruminantia pale longitudinal bands occur in Artiodactyle

Ungulates, as in the young of some species of pigs (Sus).

Artiodactyle Ungulates, however, are by no means nearly

related to Equide, and cannot in themselves be considered

as supplying very valuable evidence on the nature of zebra-

patterns, Much more to the point, indeed in the highest

degree pertinent to the question at issue, is the fact that the

young of tapirs, the most primitive (as horses are the most

specialized) of existing Perissodactyle Ungulates, are thickly

covered with white stripes and spots forming longitudinal

bands on a dark ground.

These are the facts, amplified in detail, upon which

Johnston based his conclusion. Let us see if his argument

can be further elaborated by a comparison between the

markings of young tapirs and existing Equide, especially

zebras.

29*

412 Mr. R. I. Pocock on the Colours of

In tapirs the only white spots which persist to maturity *

are those on the rim of the ears, and on the fetlocks in

some specimens. In all zebras the tips of the ears are

also white; but some young tapirs, at all events, also show

white spots on the back of the ear behind, and the back

of the ears in all zebras has a varying amount of white.

All zebras, too, have a varying amount of white on the fetlocks.

In four young tapirs mounted in the Natural History

Museum, and referred to the four species J. terrestris,

T. roulini, T. bairdi, and T. indicus, there is a broad dark

brown spinal area, defined on each side by a white stripe,

sometimes more or less broken up into spots, and extending

from the base of the neck on to the hind-quarters. In one

of them, 7’. terrestris, this area is itself spotted with white in

the middle line. In the young of 7. batrd?, which apparently

shows the white pattern in an evanescent stage, the dorsal

white stripes are only just visible; but they are there never-

theless. Gray also noticed these dorsal white stripes in the

young specimens he described ft. In all zebras, all Asiatic

asses, the typical African ass, Prjevalsky’s horse, and many

domestic horses there is a dark spinal line, narrower or

broader according to the species. This dark spinal line is

defined by a pale line as far forwards as the withers in some

races of Asiatic asses, and at least as far as the middle of the

back in some zebras, e. g. LH. grevyi; and the pale line is

represented on the neck of many horses and asses, both

African and Asiatic, by the outer pale portion of the mane,

the middle of which is always black like the spinal line f.

If it be just to regard as genetically related the dark spinal

area set off by a pair of white stripes in young tapirs and in

existing Equide, it follows that the pale dorsal longitudinal

lines in the horses are the stripes and the dark spinal area

part of the ground-colour. The mane of zebras fully bears

this out, for it is perfectly evident that the white marks,

which, be it noted, are continuous with those of the neck, are

the stripes. They merely form superficial tufts on the black

mane.

Now and again the white marks on young tapirs, especially

across the sacral region, form short transversely set stripes,

* In the adult Malayan tapir the whole of the posterior half of the

body is white. Presumably this white area results from the extension

and fusion of the white pattern on this area in the young.

+ P. Z. S. 1872, pp. 483-492.

t Unless my memory is at fault, Prof. Cossar Ewart told me some

time ago in conversation that he considered the definition of the dark

spinal line by two light lines to be a primitive feature in the Equide.

Horses, Zebras, and Tapirs, 413

like those on the body of zebras; but for the most part the

lines are decidedly longitudinal. The stripes are also

longitudinal across the thighs up to the root of the tail

in all zebras; and this arrangement may be a primitive

feature. In young tapirs, where the legs are spotted,

the spots often form abbreviated stripes at right angles

to the axis of the limbs, and the spots are present on

the inside as well as on the outside of the limbs. In all

zebras in which the legs are fully marked the stripes are

present both on the inside and the outside, and their direction

is always at right angles to the long axis of the limbs. But

in some young tapirs the legs below the “knees” and

“ hocks” are unspotted, and thus recall the black “ points”

of many horses. On the head in young tapirs the spots

frequently tend to run into longitudinal lines. In zebras

also the white marks form longitudinal lines at least on the

area in front of the eyes.

In the young of 7. roulint the belly is brown; in that of

T. terrestris it is white; but in that of 7. indicus it is

distinctly spotted with white like the rest of the body. In

fully marked zebras the belly is striped like the rest of the

body, and in those in which the belly is white the whiteness

has evidently been acquired by the suppression of the dark

bands. Finally, in all the young tapirs * exhibited in the

Museum the nose is dark and unspotted. In all zebras the

muzzle is mostly or wholly black or ashy grey, and never

marked with white.

It is needless to insist upon the importance of these resem-

blances, since Johnston’s hypothesis supplies an explanation

of them.

The greatest apparent difficulty in the way of accepting

this author’s view is presented, not by the zebras, but by

the Asiatic and African donkeys, by Prjevalsky’s horse, and

by certain domestic breeds like the dun. Now if these

animals exhibited a primitive style of coloration, showing

dark stripes in an incipient stage of development, the fact

would be practically destructive of Johnston’s hypothesis.

But» this is not so. All the evidence goes to prove that

the coloration of these species is highly specialized and

derivable from a type resembling that of zebras in a general

* The nose of the example of 7. indicus is denuded of hair. But a

figure of the young of this species in J. G. Wood's ‘Illustrated Natural

History,’ vol. i. p. 744, shows this part to be dark and unspotted. There

is also an excellent photograph of the young of this species published by

Dr. Mitchell in P. Z. 8. 1008, p. 786, which shows, I believe, the same

feature, the pale patch on the snout belng merely reflected light.

414 Mr. R. I. Pocock on the Colours of

way, the dark marks they may exhibit being vestigial.

According to the accepted theory, the dark stripes of the

zebroid prototype have, apart from these vestiges, vanished,

leaving the dun, reddish-fawn, or tan ground-colour un-

marked. According to Johnston, the pale stripes have in-

creased in extent until they have enveloped nearly the whole

body, fusing together and swamping the dark interspaces

representing the ground-colour, the sole remnants of which

are the spinal stripe and the stripes, when present, on the

legs, shoulders, or elsewhere.

Johnston seems to think also that the uniformity in colour

may have been attained by a rather different process as well,

namely, by the fading of the dark interspaces and the

darkening of the light stripes until they were both of the

same brown or dun hue.

There seems to me to be nothing extravagant in the view

of a pattern developing so as to overrun the ground-colour.

An instance of this is seen in the black leopards of Grahams-

town, where the spots have become broken up and multiplied

until there is scarcely a trace of the original yellow inter-

spaces left; and, to cite an instance which is peculiarly

apposite, I may mention that of the quagga in the Vienna

Museum, the type of L. quagga lorenzi, in which the dark

markings, hitherto quoted by myself and others as stripes,

have expanded and spread to such an extent that the head,

neck, and fore-quarters of the animal are dark brown, relieved

by thin pale lines. If these dark marks, as has been

assumed, are stripes that have spread so as almost to crowd

out the pale interspaces, no reason can be alleged why white

stripes should not similarly spread and obliterate dark

interspaces. ;

It seems to me indeed that we need not look beyond the

subspecies of Hquus quagga itself for justification of Johuston’s

belief. In these may be seen the passage from thickly striped

legs to white legs by the thinning of the black marks, or,

stating the same fact another way, by widening of the white

marks. It is quite obvious, too, that the dark marks become

not only reduced in width and length, but also toned in

intensity of colour until they fade away and are replaced by

white. This process goes on up to the shoulder and nearly

to the root of the tail, and also takes place on the belly.

Existing races only go to this stage, which is exhibited in

Burchell’s quagga (H. quagga burcheli). But in extinct

races the suppression of the dark marks at the expense of the

light marks was carried still further, as is shown in the

original quagga depicted hy Edwards, in which the black

Horses, Zebras, and Tapirs. 415

marks over the quarters break up into spots. In another

race, Grey’s quagga (E. quagga grey), there are no very

definite markings over the hind-quarters and posterior area

of the flanks, owing apparently to the toning down of the

dark marks and the deepening of the pale marks to a nearly

uniform brown; the marks on the head and neck, however,

retain respectively their normal width, the dark marks never-

theless being deep brown and the pale marks creamy brown.

In yet another form, Daniell’s quagga (Z. q. danielli), of

which there are extant three coloured plates drawn by

different artists from different living models, the extension of

the light marks, which are chestnut in hue, is still further

earried, the dark markings being represented principally by

narrow lines on the head, neck, and shoulders. Finally, in

Lorenz’s quagga, as already stated, the dark markings on

the head, neck, and fore-parts have encroached upon the light

marks, reducing them to pale narrow streaks *,

Thus the quaggas supply evidence of a progressive evolu-

tion of the black and white zebroid pattern towards, though

never quite achieving, uniformity of colour of a brown or

chestnut hue. This approximation to uniformity has been

brought about by four distinct processes:—(1) by the

lightening of the dark marks and the darkening of the light

marks to practically the same tint ; (2) by the lightening of

the dark marks and their extension across the intervening

pale marks ; (3) by the darkening of the light marks and

their extension across the intervening dark marks; (4) by

the fading away of the dark marks, especially after reduction

in length and width has taken place.

Thus there appear to me to be very good reasons for

thinking that Johnston’s view of the coloration of the Equide

is correct, namely, that they are descended from dark-coloured

animals patterned with white spots, running into longitudinal

lines originally, and at a late stage in evolution becoming

arranged in transverse bars over the neck and body. It is

this view of the question which, in my opinion, gives special

interest to the coloration of dapple-grey horses; for if, as it is

obvious to suggest, tlhe white spots of these horses represent

phylogenetically the white spots of a tapiroid progenitor, we

see in this dappled pattern a stage in the evolution of equine

coloration antecedent to the vertically banded zebroid pattern

hitherto regarded as the most primitive pattern extant in the

Equide.

* Pocock, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xiv. pp. 313-328 (1904).

416 On a new Lycenid from Formosa.

XLV.—Description of a new Lycenid from Formosa

By Hamitton H. Druce, F.L.S. &e.

PHENGARIS.

Phengaris, Doherty, J. A. S. B. 1x. pt. ii. p. 36 (1891).

Phengaris moltrechti, sp. n.

3. Upperside pure white. Fore wing with the apex

rather broadly black; a linear black spot partly closing the

end of the cell. Costal and basal area slightly fuscous and

partially suffused with pale blue scales. Hind wing with a

fine black anteciliary line. Underside pure white. Fore

wing : basal half of costal margin bluish grey ; an elongate

black spot closing the cell; two subapical bands composed of

black spots, the innermost broadest and most irregular, the

lowest spot of its series, ze. that between veins 3 and 4,

being separate and placed nearer to the centre of the disk.

A submarginal series of elongate black markings placed

between the nervules, followed by a black anteciliary line.

Cilia chequered. Hind wing white, with black spots

arranged as in P. atroguttata, Oberth.*, but smaller, and the

basal spot on the costal margin wanting. A black ante-

ciliary line. Cilia white. Thorax and abdomen fuscous

above, white below.

Expanse 2 inches.

Hab. Arrizan, Kagi District, Central Formosa, 8000-

10,000 feet (Dr. A. Moltrecht). Type, Mus. Druce.

Described from three specimens, one of which has a minute

black dot in cell of fore wing below, but on left side only.

Allied to P. atroguttata, Oberth., but the spotting on the

fore wing below is quite different, the spots in the cell and

on the disk being absent.

It is a much whiter insect than var. albida, Leech (Butt.

China &c. pt. il. p. 317, pl. xxvii. fig. 5, 1893). Doherty

wrote that he often saw P. atroguttata in the meadows of the

Naga Hills from 6000-8000 feet, flying very slowly, and

visible for a great distance; but no mention of the insect

appears in the last volume of the ‘Fauna of British India’

by the late Lieut.-Col. Bingham.

* Lyecena atroguttata, Oberth. Etud. d’Entom. ii. p. 21, pl. i. figs. 4 a, 6

(1876),

On Simia sphinx, Linnaeus. 417

XLVI.—On Simia sphinx, Linnaeus.

By D. G. Extior, D.Sc., F.R.S.E., &e.

IN the tenth edition of the ‘Systema Nature,’ 1758, Linneus

describes a Simta sphinx as follows :—

“ Simia semicaudata, ore vibrissato, unguibus acuminatis.

“Syn. Gesn., Quad. 352, t. 353.

Aldr., digit. 260,

Jonst., Quad. 145, t. 61. fig. 1.

Rai, Quad. 158.

“ Hab. Borneo.”

It will be noticed that no indication whatever in the above

is given as to the colour or size of animal, and the brief

diagnosis leaves the species practically undeterminable. So

we naturally turn to the authors whose works are cited by

Linneus for a solution of the problem. Gesner’s ‘ Quad-

rupeds’ is the first, but careful search does not reveal any

mention of a Simia as indicated by Linneus. Next is

Aldrovandus, and on the page given is a figure of the

mandrill, rude in execution, but yet recognizable, with the

large head and erect stumpy tail. There is nothing in

figure or description that would designate the small red

baboon from the west coast of Africa, and which has been

aud is known to authors as Papio sphinz.

In the twelfth edition of the ‘Systema Nature,’ 1766,

Simia sphinx again appears as follows :—

** Sitmia sphine. Simia semicaudata, ore vibrissato, ungui-

bus acuminatis, natibus calvis.

“Syn. Gesn., Quad. 252, t. 253.

Aldr., digit. 260.

Jonst., Quad. 145, t. 61. fig. 1.

Rai, Quad. 158.

“ Hab, Borneo.

“Animal libidinosum, mulieribus facile vim inferens

robustum et ferox. Caput oblongum Canis, sed obtusus.

Collum longum, cauda brevis erecta. Nates sanguinolente.”

In this longer description the mandrill can be better recog-

nized than in the shorter diagnoses of the edition of 1758.

Of course, the authors cited give the same result, the mandrill

being the only monkey indicated. There seems to be an

error in the citation of Gesner’s work, and not his ‘ Quadru-

peds,’ but his ‘ Thierbuch ’ was intended, for on page clvii of

that work is the same figure of the mandrill as that published

Aldrovandus and Jonston; and so the authors cited by

418 Dr. C. W. Andrews on some new Plestosauria

Linneus unite in declaring the mandrill to be the species to

which the name of sphinaw should be given. The “cauda

brevis erecta’? would in no wise answer for the tail of the red

baboon, but describes perfectly the rudimentary one of the

mandrill.

Therefore this baboon must be known in the future as

Papio sphinx, with S. maimon given to it by Linneus in his

twelfth edition as a synonym; and the red baboon from the

west coast of Africa, which has always been called sphinz,

must be known as Papio papio, it being the Cynocephalus

papio, Desmarest (‘Mammalogie,’ 1820, p. 69), who seems

to have been the first to give the species a name other than

sphinx incorrectly applied by previous writers.

XLVII— On some new Plesiosauria from the Oxford Clay of

Peterborough, By C. W. AnprREwS, D.Sc., F.R.S.,

British Museum (Nat. Hist.).

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In the course of the preparation of a catalogue of the Plesio-

sauria from the Oxford Clay of Peterborough it has been

necessary to examine the great collection of the remains of

these reptiles obtained by Mr. A. N. Leeds, and it has become

clear that, in addition to the forms already described, there

are several others at present unnamed. Since it will be some

time before the Catalogue can be published, it seems desirable

to give a brief preliminary account of the more important

new types.

The chief genera of Elasmosaurian Plesiosaurs already

known from the Oxford Clay are Murenosaurus and Crypto-

cleidus. Of the first of these three species are recognized,

viz. M. leedsi, Seeley, M. platyclis, Seeley, and M. durobri-

vensis, Lydekker. Another species referred to Muranosaurus

by Seeley is now placed as a separate genus, Picrocleidus, the

specific name being P. beloclis. ‘The remains of Cryptoclerdus

have not been fully examined, but so far only one species,

C. oxoniensis, is recognized. In addition to the above, it is

now proposed to establish a fourth genus, T’ricleidus, for the

reception of a small Plesiosaur presenting some very marked

peculiarities both in its skull and shoulder-girdle.

Of the Pliosaurs there are three distinct types, viz. Pelo-

neustes, Pliosaurus, and a short-snouted form which seems in

from the Oxford Clay of Peterborough. 419

many points to resemble Z'haumatosaurus, but which is

probably generically distinct from the animal originally

described under that name by von Meyer.

A brief account of the new forms is now given.

TRICLEIDUS, gen. nov.

Small Plesiosaurs in which the skull is short and broad,

with twenty teeth on each side (five in the premaxilla, fifteen

in the maxilla). Pterygoids bear well-developed processes

Fig. 1.

acl. cl.

Shoulder-girdle of Tricleidus seeleyi, sp.n.,from above. (Type specimen

R. 3539.) About } nat. size. ci., clavicles; cor., coracoid ; t.ci.,

interclavicle; sc., scapula; v.sc., ventral plate of scapula.

for union with the basisphenoid. Parasphenoid broad and

abruptly truncated in front. Quadrate region perhaps con-

sisting of two elements (?quadrate and quadrato-jugal).

420 Dr. C. W. Andrews on some new Plesiosauria

Teeth long, slender, and very sharp-pointed ; anterior max-

illary teeth enlarged. Neck rather more than three times the

length of the skull and consisting of twenty-six vertebra,

including the atlas and axis; centra short, with strongly

concave articular ends, which are much wider than high.

The cervical ribs have a prominent anterior angle, which is

not, however, produced into a distinct process, as in the next

genus. The shoulder-girdle (fig. 1) is of HKlasmosaurian

Left fore paddle of Tricleidus seeley?, sp. n., from above. (Type specimen

R. 3539.) 4 nat. size. a., accessory ossicle; #., humerus; znt.,

intermedium ; /.p., lateral process; m.c.v., fifth metacarpal; p.,

pisiform ; 7., radius ; rad., radiale; w., ulna; uln., ulnare.

type; there is a large interclavicle (¢.cl.) and a pair of well-

developed elongated clavicles (c/.).

The humerus (fig. 2) is short and not greatly expanded

at its distal end, where it articulates with four bones, viz. the

radius, ulna, pisiform, and a small accessory postaxial ossicle

(a.), probably sometimes wanting. Femur more slender than

the humerus and articulating distally with two bones only.

——

LE S= see Yo

from the Oxford Clay of Peterborough. 421

This genus is represented at present by only one species,

for which is proposed the name Tricleidus seeleyt, after the

late Professor H. G. Seeley, who wrote a number of papers

on these Oxford Clay Reptilia. The type specimen upon

which the species is founded consists of the greater part of

the skeleton of an individual in which, in spite of its small

size, ossification was complete, so far as completeness is

indicated by the union of the coracoids and scapulz in the

middle line (fig. 1), the rounding of the heads of the humerus

(fig. 2) and femur, and the fusion of the arches with the

centra of the cervical vertebra. Most of the bones of the

skull are separated from one another, but it can be seen that

the structure must have been much as in Muranosaurus.

The teeth in the mandible are particularly well preserved,

many of the slender curved crowns being complete. The

series of cervical vertebre seems to be complete; they are

twenty-six in all. The shoulder-girdle is complete (fig. 1)

and shows the peculiar clavicular arch very well preserved.

The fore-paddle (fig. 2) shows the articulation distally with

four distinct elements. A detailed account of this skeleton

will be given later.

Some dimensions (in centimetres) of the type specimen

(R. 3539) are :—

er 34

» from occipital condyle to anterior end

BE OOFSRRNOOOME SS cir lap Soisint Saw hk 405 88

se Oe MENON oe a ila Sebcding & << wiv de wie 250

a ge ee 40

PO a ie ee See 2°3

Width of ,, ua” PPChi de tra pod on nalts 2:8

Height of ,, AT ee ae > Sig ee 2:3

», _ totop of neural spine of sixth cervical. 5°7

Length of shoulder-girdle in middle line ...... 530

ge 0b RMON ICID MY uw rec cece ses 64

jE ae a er ane ee 13°8

yo Se ee ee 39°6

TseNeG Wustll Of COTACOIG *.... 6. 6s wp veces us 13:1

SUMNER EET WN, nw, oo ces op UMass taces 20°7

Width of distal end of humerus ............ 11:8

PE ee en ee ee ee 21°6

Width of distal end of femur .............. 113

PICROCLEIDUS, gen. nov.

This genus is now established for the reception of Seeley’s

Murenosaurus beloclis, which differs from Murenosaurus in

some important respects. ‘The genus may be defined as

follows :— .

Small Plesiosaurs in which the neck is composed of

422 Dr. C. W. Andrews on some new Plesiosauria

upwards of thirty-nine vertebra, the centra of which are

shorter than in Murcenosaurus (especially in the anterior

region) and longer than in Cryptocletdus. Ends of centra

considerably wider than high and almost flat. The single-

headed cervical ribs on the anterior part of the neck have a

distinct anterior process. Neural spines on anterior part of

neck very low, but they increase in height backwards till at

the hinder end of the neck they are both wide and high.

The shoulder-girdle (fig. 3) is of Elasmosaurian type; the

Fig. 3.

Shoulder-girdle of Picrocleidus beloclis, Seeley, sp., from above. (Type

specimen R, 1965.) j nat. size. cor., coracoid ; z.cl., interclavicle ;

sc., scapula; v.sc., ventral plate of scapula.

clavicular arch consists of a small interclavicle shaped some-

what like an arrow-head ; the clavicles, if present at all, are

mere films of bone. The humerus is only slightly expanded

distally, where it articulates with two bones only, the radius

and ulna, which are somewhat elongated.

The only species at present known is P. beloclis, the

shoulder-girdle and the radius and ulna of which were

—_— ae ~~

from the Oxford Clay of Peterborough. 423

described and figured by Seeley in the Proc. Roy. Soc.

vol. li. (1892) pp. 142-145, figs. 10-12, as Murenosaurus

beloclis. In addition to Seeley’s type specimen (R. 1965)

the collection includes a second, which in many respects

supplements the other—portions of the skull, the anterior

portion of the cervical region of the vertebral column with

arches and ribs, a number of caudal vertebra, and parts of a

hind paddle being preserved.

The dimensions (in centimetres) of the type specimen

(R. 1965) are :—

Posterior cervical vertebra :

Serres OF COATS il. ca Flatas te decade tenes 32

Width es eR ey ca olin we atari ciejn'ss 4-6

Ng Ce ae nk arene <ee 3 (app.)

Height to top of neural spine ................ 125

Shoulder-girdle : greatest length.................. 38°2

Coracoid :

Pe Ca ee ak Sia ais ee da Bias iar Wee ws os 27°7

Width of united coracoids at hinder angle of

NO ae CG era's siaivts Molten So aa.s 0 4's 27°8

Width at postero-external angles ............ 23°4

Interclavicle :

PR EO BAe ek. was adel adhe dcigs Ses 70

ate ip AR ONE ee ee ee 38

Humerus :

Ne a PEEP. Coe re 18:3

Width of distal expansion ...............6... 99

Fam. Pliosauride.

As mentioned above, this family is represented in the

Oxford Clay by the genera Plrosaurus and Peloneustes and

by a new form in which the snout is much less elongated

than in the other two. It is possible that this animal may

be nearly related to Thaumatosaurus of von Meyer*, a genus

known only from a few fragments of the skeleton from the

Lower Oolite of Wiirtemberg. Thaumatosaurus was redefined

by Mr. Lydekker t, but it is almost certain that several of

the species, particularly those from the Lias, which he included

in it, are generically distinct, and the animal now under

consideration does not fall within his definition. On the

whole, therefore, it seems well to establish a new genus for

this species, particularly as nearly the whole of the skeleton

* Neues Jahrb. f. Min. 1841, p. 176; also ‘ Palewontographica,’ vol. vi.

(1856-8) p. 14, ‘ae iv. & y.

+ Cat. is tept. Brit. Mus. pt. ii. (1889) p. 158,

424 Dr. C. W. Andrews on some new Plesiosauria

is known and a fairly complete diagnosis is possible. This

genus, which may be called Simolestes, is defined as follows :—

SIMOLESTES, gen. nov.

Pliosaurs in which the head is short and broad (fig. 7), the

snout not being elongated as in Pliosaurus and Peloneustes.

Mandible with deep massive rami meeting in a short

Anterior end of upper and lower jaws of Simolestes vorax. (Type

specimen R. 3319.) 4 nat. size. A, from below ; B, from left side.

symphysis, the ventral surface of which makes a well-marked

angle with the direction of the lower border of the rami

(fig. 4); the postarticular (angular) region is relatively small.

from the Oxford Clay of Peterborough. 425

The teeth are sharp-pointed, curved and circular in section,

without carinw, the enamel being marked by a series of fine

longitudinal ridges, a few of which extend to the tip; the

ridges are most numerous on the inner (concave) side of the

crown. In the mandible there were about twenty-six teeth

on each side, closely crowded. ‘The five or six anterior teeth

in the expanded symphysial region are enlarged. ‘I'he neck

is short, consisting of about twenty cervical vertebra, the

Fig. 5.

Shoulder-girdle of Simolestes vorax from above. (Type specimen

R. 3319.) , nat. size, cor., coracoid; gl., glenoid cavity; sc.,

scapula.

centra of which are about as wide as high, while their length

is less than half the width; the terminal faces are slightly

concave. In front the neural arches bear a low spine, but

further back they increase greatly in height both through the

lengthening of the pedicles and of the spine. ‘he facets for

the paceieal ube are double. ‘The coracoids (fig. 5) are large

plates of bone, very thin except between the glenoid cavities,

Anteriorly they are prolonged forwards in the middle line in

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist, Ser, 8. Vol. iv. 30

426 Dr. C. W. Andrews on some new Plesiosauria

front of their articulation with the scapulz, forming broad

yound processes which are thin at the edge and show no

signs of having united either with one another “er with

backward prolongations of the ventral rami of the scapulee.

The scapule have broad ventral plates, which, however, do

Fig. 6.

Pelvic girdle of Simolestes vorar from above. (Type specimen

R. 3319.) +, nat. size. acet., acetabulum; %s., ischium; obt,/,,

obturator foramen; pu., pubis.

not meet on the middle line, nor, as already remarked, do

they join the anterior prolongations of the coracoids. The

clavicular arch is not known. ‘The humerus, which is

shorter than the femur, has a more clearly defined expansion

at its distal end than is found in Pliosaurus or Peloneustes,

from the Oxford Clay of Peterborough. 427

and rather resembles the humerus of Afurenosaurus, The

radius and ulna are large and are longer than wide; they

enclose a large oval opening between tliem.

The pelvis (fig. 6) and hind limb, as in other members of

the family, are very large. ‘Ihe pubes are very large thin

plates of bone, the anterior ends of which are broadly rounded ;

in the middle line they meet in a suture. ‘The posterior

borders are concave, forming the anterior boundaries of the

obturator openings. ‘lhe outer borders in front of the glenoid

surfaces are also slightly concave. The ischia, as in the

other members of the family, are greatly elongated ; in the

middle line they meet in a long suture ; their hinder extre-

mities are rounded and the outer borders gently concave.

The anterior edges are concave and form the hinder borders

of the obturator foramina. ‘The head bears three facets, the

posterior one for the ilium, the middle one forming the

middle part of the acetabulum, the anterior uniting with the

ubis, ‘The ilium is much crushed in the type specimen, but

it seems to have been considerably expanded both at its upper

and lower ends. The femur is larger than the humerus, and,

like it, is expanded distally to a degree not seen in Pliosaurus

and Peloneustes. The posterior border of the shaft bears

deep grooves and strong ridges for the attachment of muscles ;

the trochanter is well developed. ‘There was an armour of

ventral ribs, but these are not well preserved.

Only one species is at present known.

Simolestes vorax, sp. n.

Type specimen.—Vhe greater part of a skeleton, including

skull (fig. 7), mandible (fig. 4), vertebral column (much

crushed), pectoral girdle (fig. 5), and parts of the fore paddles,

pelvic girdle (tig. 6), and parts of hind paddles ; some ventral

ribs. (R. 3319.)

In this specimen the characters given above in the definition

of the genus are well shown. The skull is much crushed, the

posterior part being imperfect, while the anterior portion has

been forced down upon the mandible, so that the points of some

of the mandibular teeth completely pierce it. The maxillo-

premaxillary suture appears to run in behind the fifth or sixth

tooth, and the facial processes of the premaxillaw extend back

about as far as the anterior border of the orbits, where they

join the frontals, External to the premaxille and frontals at

their junction is a distinct bone, which may be the prefrontal.

The quadrates are very large and the articulation for the

lower jaw very wide. In the mandible there are six teeth in

30*

428 On new Plesiosauria from the Oxford Clay.

the symphysial region, and of these the second to the fifth

are very large. Behind the symphysis the first three or four

teeth are small, then there are seven or eight larger ones, and

behind these there is gradual diminution to the end of the

series. ‘The ventral surface of the mandibular rami just

where they unite at the symphysis form massive ridges, ter-

minating in prominent angles (fig. 4).

In the type specimen the twenty cervical vertebrae are for

the most part crushed and obscured with matrix; but it can

be seen that the anterior members of the series are very large.

The dorsal vertebree were about thirty-two in number ; they

are greatly crushed and distorted, and have lost the neural

arches; about eighteen crushed caudal vertebre are preserved.

The shoulder-girdle (fig. 5), with the exception of the

clavicular arch, is fairly well preserved; it is especially

Fig. 7.

Imperfect skull and mandible of Stmolestes vorax from above. (Type

specimen R. 3319.) +, nat. size. 6.0¢c., basioccipital; eat.n., ex-

ternal nares; md., mandible; mz., maxilla; pmz., premaxille ; pty,

pterygoid; g., quadrate.

remarkable for the extreme thinness of the coracoids, except

between their symphysis and the articular surfaces for the

humeri. The humeri are fully ossified, the head being

rounded and the lateral processes well developed ; the poste-

rior borders of the shaft bear strong ridges for the attach-

ment of muscles. The radius and ulna are relatively long ;

they articulate distally with three bones.

On new Fishes from Portuguese Gu/nea. 429

The pelvis (fig. 6) is very large, the total length in the

mid-ventral line being 120 cm. The pubis is a great plate of

very thin bone, and the ischium, as in the other Pliosaurs, is

much elongated. ‘The femur, like the humerus, is fully

ossified, and bears strong ridges for muscle attachment. The

tibia and fibula are much like the radius and ulna,

This skeleton will be completely described and figured in

the ‘ Catalogue of the Marine Reptiles of the Oxford Clay.’

Some dimensions in centimetres of the type specimen of

Simolestes vorax :—

Skull :

a from occipital condyle to tip of snout.. 73-0

Width between outer ends of quadrates ...... 510

Mandible:

Pit c tM eEh te tii avin da das tinewee dds 97-0

ie) AR UMEDVOEE Son dssicvecncass décctce 173

Middle cervical vertebra:

BOWE OF COMAEUET acc ccscscdvensncerssnes w2

Width ee FOP PTY POE COLETTE COT 79

Height 2 EIS PETS OETT PE COL 79

» to topof neural spine..............+. 21-0

Humerus:

og ing dv wath s bh vh aes Sok okvied eakhe 6s a 43°0

Width of distal expansion ............00.005 21°8

Coracoid :

CE MEE ie cen eddvigse Kat pebsanness 71-0

ae PREC et Ee Pee 32-0

» between glenoid cavities (as mounted)... 65°0

Ilium: length ...... ake d POR A MAK Tsai esie'd swe SLO

Pubis :

RASS PaPisdebccdstetacavehen ad p¥ca esis 60-0

MEME Scavetidespcrtcchabisecse cagevsrepe 480

Ischium ;

Co Bp En eer ee ere eee 61-0

Width at glenoid cavity ....0...0ccccccesves 32-0

Femur:

SS CaN PEdsy ap catoae vets vebnisekihous 500

Width of distal expansion ...........060.00. 27°5

XLVIII.—Deseriptions of Three new Fishes from Portuguese

Guinea. By G, A. BOULENGER, F.R.S.

Dr. W. J. Ansorce, to whom African ichthyology is in-

debted for so many discoveries made during the past ten

years, had occasion during a recent short visit to Portuguese

Guinea to procure a few fishes which are of considerable

430 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new

interest, end of which specimens are now preserved in the

Natural History Museum.

The examples of the first two species here described,

together with a single specimen of Myrophis punctatus, Litk.,

a species known from the mouths of rivers on both sides of

the Atlantic between the tropics, were obtained high up the

River Mansoa at a place called Port Mansoa, and under rather

curious circumstances, as related by Dr. Ansorge :—

“The presence of the tide at ed mouth of this river banks

up the water in these higher regions much as a canal-lock

fills up a waterway till there is enough to float down a barge.

On arrival at Port Mansoa we found a broad deep river, and

from our steamer’s side we stepped into a canoe moored to

the bank and walked ashore; but at ebb the steamer lay —

embedded in very adhesive bluish-black mud about a third of

the way down a steep-sloping mud-bank, and the broad river

of our arrival had dwindled into a narrow stream about

15 feet broad at the bottom of a deep gully bounded by two

large sloping mud-banks.

‘‘T saw a number of native boys plunging about in this

mud, and found they were catching eel-like fishes with their

hands. ‘Two of the three species seemed fairly rare, as I

secured only one specimen of the white one [ Myrophis] and

only three of the black one [Symbranchus|. The third and

largest species [ Gobtotdes] seemed common, and I selected a

few.—8 May, 1909.”

Examples of two species, Eleotris africanus, Steindachner,

and a new Gobius of the subgenus: Oxyurichthys, Bleeker,

were obtained in the Gunnal River, which flows at right

angles into the right side of the Cacheu River, and comes

from the direction of the French possessions.

Symbranchus afer.

Snout rounded, about twice length of eye and a little

exceeding interorbital width; the distance between end of

snout and gill-opening is 13 times length of skull, 8 times

length of snout, and is contained 7% times in distance from

snout to vent; ‘length of tail about 34 times in the total

length. Gill-opening rather wide, as in S. bengalensis.

‘Tail ending in a rather obtuse point, as in S. marmoratus,

126 vertebre. Coloration uniform blackish.

Total length 320 mm.

Three specimens from Port Mansoa,

Until the discovery of this species the suborder Symbianehii

nn a a ill

Fishes from Portuguese Guinea. 431

was not known to have any member in Africa, although

represented in the fresh or brackish waters of South-eastern

Asia, Tropical America, Australia, and Tasmania, Of the

enus Symbranchus itself we knew two species from Asia

S. bengalensis and S. caligans) and one from America

(S. marmoratus). In some respects the African species is

intermediate between S. bengalensis and S. marmoratus, but

it differs from both in the lower number of vertebra.

Gobiotdes ansorgit.

Depth of body 8 to 10 times in total length, length of head

6 to 7 times. Snout } length of head; eye very small ;

maxillary extending to beyond vertical of eye. Dorsal

VI-VIL 19-21, rays subequal, 2? length of head. Anal I 19.

Pectoral as long as ventral, nearly % length of head. Caudal

nearly twice as long as head. Scales very small, as in

G@. broussonneti. Head and back greyish, the rest of the body

yellowish ; fins white.

Total length 280 mm.

Five specimens from Port Mansoa.

Closely allied to G. broussonneti, Lacep., from the east

coast of Tropical America. Well distinguished from it by

the higher number of dorsal and anal rays.

Gobius (Oxyurichthys) occidentalis.

Depth of body 5} times in total length, length of head 5

times. Snout rounded, jaws equal in front; a single series

of teeth in the upper Jaw; maxillary extending to below

centre of eye; eye slightly shorter than snout, 44 times in

length of head; interorbital space very narrow ; cheek and

gill-cover scaly. Dorsal VII, 1 13, the two divisions sepa-

rated by a mere notch ; third simple ray longest, as long as

head. Anal I 14. Pectoral as Jong as ventral. Caudal

pointed, twice as long as head. Scales ctenoid, 62 in longi-

tudinal series. Uniform yellowish.

‘Total length 120 mm.

A single specimen from the Gunnal River.

This species belongs to a subgenus, Oxyurichthys, Blkr.

(Gobiichthys, Klunz.), the previously known representatives

of which are East African and Indian, marine or estuarine.

432 Dr. E. Zugmayer on new

XLIX.— Descriptions of Four new Cyprinoid Fishes from

High Asia. By Dr. Ertcu ZuGMayYenr, of the Zoological

Museum, Munich.

In a collection of fishes which I made during the year

1906 in Chinese Turkestan, Western Tibet, and Kashmir

the following four species appear to be new to science. Of

the genus Aspiorhynchus (Kessler) two of the known species

were previously described under the name of Ptychobarbus

longiceps and Pt. laticeps by Day. Kessler later on intro-

duced the generic name of Aspiorhynchus, and added a third

species, A. przewalskit. Schizothorax tibetanus is more

allied to the species known from Kashmir than to those

described from the Brahmaputra system; this is not sur-

prising, since the Panggong lakes, where this new species

was collected, must have belonged to the Indus system

until not long ago. Aspiorhynchus is exclusively charac-

teristic for the Tarim basin.

Aspiorhynchus sartus, sp. n.

D. Wj6. P. 1/18. V. 1/8. A. Ti/S.: Li: Tat ears

Length of head contained 34, height of body 7 in total

length. The height of the head exceeds its width a little and

measures half its length. Eyes oval and oblique, the ante-

rior margin being tbe higher; their greatest diameter is

contained 11 in length of head, 3 in the preorbital, and 3 in

the interorbital space, which latter is flat. Barbels two at the

corners of the mouth, reaching beyond the vertical from the

posterior margin of the eye. Mouth terminal, its cleft

obliquely ascending. The maxilla reaches to below the

front edge of the eye. An interrupted lower labial fold is

present. Lower jaw somewhat the longer, with a moderate

knob at the symphysis. Free portion of tail 2 as deep as it

is long. Scales oval, arranged in oblique rows on the ante-

rior part of the body. Fins: the distance from tip of snout

to beginning of dorsal exceeds the distance from end of

dorsal to root of caudal by one half. Osseous ray moderately

strong, closely serrated behind, measuring } of the length of

the head. Pectoral does not extend halfway to insertion of

ventral and is about 2 the length of head. Base of the

ventral under the first divided dorsal ray; the fin itself does

not reach halfway to the anal. The length of the base of

the anal is contained twice in its depth; when laid flat the

anal misses the root of the caudal by the length of its base.

Cyprinoid Fishes from High Asia. 433

Colour greyish brown on upper half of body, lower parts

silvery. No spots with the exception of a few at the base of

the dorsal.

One specimen of 530 mm, was collected from the Kisil Su

near Kashgar.

Schizothorax tibetanus, sp. n.

D. Ill/8. P.1/16-17. V.I/10. A. LII/6.

L. lat. ca. 100 (97-102).

Length of head 4, depth of body 4% in total length

(without caudal). Height of head % of its length, its width

# of its height. Eyes 7 in length of head, 2 from end of

snout, 24 apart. Barbels four, subequal, a little longer than

the eye (ca. 5:4). Lower labial fold interrupted. Mouth

antero-inferior, the upper jaw somewhat the longer and a little

overhung by the snout. Margin of the lower jaw rounded

and covered with a thinly striated horny layer. Lower part

of thorax naked from the insertion of the pectorals to the

isthmus. Free portion of tail half as high as it is long.

Scales of the tiled row about half as long as the eye. Fins:

the dorsal spine is inserted halfway between the hind edge of

the eye and the root of the caudal; its osseous portion is as

high as the head, moderately strong, rather compressed, and

finely serrated. The pectoral reaches beyond halfway to the

ventral ; the latter begins under the dorsal spine and misses

tle vent by the diameter of the eye. Anal extending nearly

to the root of the caudal, which is deeply forked.

Coloration brown, with a bluish hue, sides yellowish,

lower parts silvery. Upper half of body and vertical fins

closely dotted with blackish.

One specimen of 350 mm. and three smaller ones were

caught in a little river running in the T’so Rum, Panggong

Lakes, Tibet.

Schizothorax ladacensis, sp. n.

D.1V/8. P.1/19. V.1/9. A.III/5. C.30. L. lat. ca. 100.

Length of head 4}, depth of body 4,7, in total length

(without caudal), The width of the head equals its height

und measures 3 of its length. Eyes 8 diameters in length of

head, the postorbital portion being as long as the preorbital,

one, and 3 diameters apart. Interorbital space flattish.

Larbels four, the anterior reaches the vertical trom the hind

margin of the eye; the posterior extends to hind edge of

434 On new Cyprinoid Fishes from High Asia.

preopercle. Caudal peduncle as long as high. Mouth

inferior, upper jaw considerably overhung by the snout.

Lips fleshy. Margin of the lower jaw rounded, with a striated

horny covering. Lower labial fold continuous, dividing the

lip in a median and two lateral lobes. Scales of the tiled

row 2 to ? the length of the eye. Fins: dorsal spine inserted

halfway between the nostrils and the root of the caudal; its

osseous portion is very strong, of the same height as the caudal

peduncle, and strongly serrated to its extremity. The pec-

toral reaches considerably over halfway towards the ventral ;

the latter begins below the dorsal spine and extends # the

distance to the anal opening. ‘The anal fin reaches the

caudal. Caudal deeply forked, the lower lobe being some-

what the longer.

Upper part of body brownish, with blackish marbling,

forming indistinct cross-bands, which descend to the lateral

line ; lower parts silvery yellow; vertical fins feebly spotted

with brown.

Two specimens, the bigger one measuring ca. 400 mm.,

were caught in the Indus near Leh.

Schizothvrax montanus, sp. n.

D. IIT/9... P.1/16..- V. 1/9. A. 1/6. Te date

Length of head 34, depth of body 6 in total length (without

caudal). Height of head equal to its width, measuring 3 of

its length. Eyessuboval, their longer diameter 9} in length

of head, 34 in preorbital and 3 in interorbital space.

Barbels four, the anterior reaching to the anterior nostril,

the posterior to the vertical from the hind margin of the eye.

Mouth terminal, with the jaws of equal length. Margin of

the lower jaw rounded, its horny covering composed of

oblique rows of closely set papilla. Lower labial fold

interrupted. Caudal peduncle 1? as long as it is high.

Scales of the tiled row about half the greater diameter

of the eye. Fins: the dorsal spine is inserted halfway

between the posterior margin of the eye and the root of the

caudal; it is broken in the specimen in question, but appears

to be of considerable length, moderately strong, and finely

serrated. Pectoral extending two-thirds the distance from

its base to that of ventral ; this latter fin beginsa little before

the vertical from the dorsal spine and reaches § the distance to

the base of the anal. The anal is more than twice as high

as its base is long, but it does not quite extend to the caudal.

On the Species of Three-spined Sticklebacks, = 435

Caudal deeply forked, the longest rays being twice as long as

the shortest.

Colour greenish brown above, sides and lower parts silvery.

A few scattered dark spots on upper half of body.

One specimen (ca. 500 mm.) from the Indus near Leh.

L.—The Species of Three-spined Sticklebacks

(Gastrosteus). By C. Tare Reaan, M.A.

I HAVE recently made a study of the Three-spined Stickle-

backs (Gastrosteus) in the British Museum, with a view to

determining the number of species which may be recognized,

After examination of a large number of specimens, repre-

senting all the nominal species which have been described, L

have arrived at the conclusion that the greater part of the

area of the genus is occupied by a single species, G. aculeatus,

which is very variable. In the northern part of its range in

the sea the dermal ossification is strong, the series of bony

slates complete, the cauda! keel prominent, the ectocoracoids

a and the naked areas above them consequently large,

the pelvic plate long, lanceolate, without an anterior notch,

and the fin-spines usually either long or strong. ‘Towards

the southern part of its range in the sea, or in fresh water,

the dermal ossification is weaker; if the bony plates form a

complete series they are not so deep nor usually so numerous

as in northern marine examples, and the caudal keel is less

prominent; the series of plates may be incomplete, the first

to disappear being the ones preceding the caudal keel, the

most persistent being the three (5th to 7th) which are

usually in contact with the ascending process of the pelvis ;

sometimes the plates are entirely absent. ‘The pelvic plate

becomes shorter and may develop an anterior notch, becoming

heart-shaped, arrow-shaped, or even V-shaped; also the

naked area in front of the pectoral tin may become smaller,

the spines shorter or weaker, and the fin-rays more or less

reduced in number.

Iam unable to detect any difference between specimens

from the Atlantic and Pacific: for example, fully-mailed

specimens from Puget Sound appear to me to be in every

way identical with some from the Shetlands; similarly,

specimens from the Santa Clara River, California, agreo

closely with others from various inland localities in the

British Isles, from Northern Italy, and from Japan,

436 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

Gastrosteus aculeatus is found on the coasts and in the

yivers of Northern Europe, Asia, and America, extending

southwards to the Iberian Peninsula, Northern Italy, the

Black Sea, the Santa Clara River in California, and New

Jersey. In the northern part of its range it is principally

marine, but further south seems to take less and less to the

sea; finally, in Southern Italy, in Algeria, and in streams

south of the Santa Clara River in California it is represented

by three distinct permanently fluviatile species, which can

only owe their differentiation to the fact that they are not

now, and have not for some time been reinforced from the

ranks of the marine sticklebacks.

As synonyms of G. aculeatus I include all the species

hitherto described, with the exception of G. algeriensis,

Sauv.

Gastrosteus aculeatus has III (II-V) 9-14 dorsal rays,

1 7-11 anal rays, and 31 to 33 vertebre. The snout is

shorter than the postorbital part of the head, and the first

dorsal spine is inserted nearly above the base of the pectoral

fin and wellin advance of the pelvic spine. The three species

which I recognize as distinct from it are :—

1. Gastrosteus hologymnus, sp. 0.

Gastrosteus argyropomus (non Cuy. & Val.), Giinth. Cat. Fish. i. p. 4

(1859).

Depth of body 4 in the length, length of head 3 to 33 (¢)

or 32. (¢?). Snout longer than eye, as loag as or only a

little shorter than the postorbital part of head; diameter of

eye 4 in the length of head, interorbital width 43 to 5.

Sides of body without bony plates; naked area in front of

pectoral rather small; pelvic plate notched in front, twice as

long as broad, } to 3 the length of head. Dorsal with 12 or

13 soft rays, anal with 8 to 10; origin of first dorsal spine a

little behind the base of the pectoral ; second spine 4 the

length of head ; pectoral extending beyond the vertical from

second dorsal spine; pelvic spines 3 to 2 the length of head.

31 or 32 vertebre.

Hab. Rome.

Five specimens, 55 to 60 mm. in total length.

The complete absence of bony plates distinguishes this

form from the gymnurus variety of aculeatus found in

Northern Italy, whilst the produced snout gives it quite a

different physiognomy. Were it not for this last character

1 should not regard this form as specifically distinct, as a

percentage of naked specimens occurs among the sticklebacks

of Santa Clara River in California.

Species of Three-spined Siicklebicks, 437

2. Gastrosteus algeriensis.

Gastrosteus algeriensis, Sauvage, N. Arch. Mus, Paris, x. 1874, p. 17.

Depth of body 3} to 4} in the length, length of head 3 to

32. Snout as long as or a little shorter than eye, the diameter

of which is 3 to 3$ in the length of head; interorbital width

4to44 in the length of head. Usually 2 or 3 bony plates

above the ascending process of the pelvis; naked area in

front of pectoral small; pelvic plate usually notched in front,

its breadth 14 to 2} in its length, which is 2 to ? of the

length of head. Dorsal with 11 or 12 soft rays, anal with 8

to 10; origin of first dorsal spine equidistant from the

vertical through the bases of the pectoral and pelvic fins ;

second spine + to } the length of head ; pectoral extending to

or a little beyond the vertical from the sccond dorsal spive ;

pelvic spines } to 4 the length of head. 29 vertebrae.

Hab, Algiers.

Thirteen specimens, 38 to 55 mm. in total length, and a

number of smaller ones not included in the description.

I am indebted to Dr, Giinther for calling my attention to

the reduced number of vertebre in this form; I count the

same number in two specimens,

3. Gastrosteus sante-anne, sp. n,

Gasterosteus williamsoni (non Girard), Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S, Nat.

Mus. xlvii. 1896, p. 750.

Depth of body 34 to 4 in the length, length of head 34.

Snout as long as eye, the diameter of which is 34 to 34 in

the length of head; interorbital width 5 in the length of

head. Sides of body without bony plates (rarely with 2 or

3 anteriorly) ; naked area in front of pectoral very small ;

pelvic plate notched in front, 14 to 1? as long as broad, its

length % the length of head. Dorsal with 10 or 11 soft rays,

anal with 6 or 7 (8) ; origin of first dorsal spine well behind

the base of pectoral and only slightly in advance of the base

of the pelvics; second spine } to } the length of head;

pectoral extending to or nearly to the vertical from second

dorsal spine ; pelvic spines from } to more than 4 the length

of head. 29 vertebra.

Hab. Santa Anna River, California.

Three specimens, 38 to 45 mm. in total length, from

Colton.

I am indebted to Dr. Jordan for a series of examples of

the true G. williamsoni from Santa Clara River. In three

of these I count 31, 31, and 32 vertebra, and in all of them

the insertion of the dorsal spine is only slightly behind the

base of the pectoral.

LI.—Deseriptions of new Marine Fishes from Australia

and the Pacific. By C. Tate ReGcan, M.A.

1. Murcena monostigma.

Tail as long as or shorter than the body; length of head

34 to 34 in that of the trunk. Anterior nasal tube short ;

posterior nostril with edge raised to form a distinet but short

tube ; eye situated above middle of mouth, its diameter less

than 4 the length of snout; cleft of mouth 4 the length of

head or a little more; jaws equal anteriorly ; teeth with

serrated edges, uniserial, canine-like on the sides of the jaws ;

12 to 16 teeth forming the mandibulary series on each side.

Dorsal origin above gill-opening ; fin low, above the vent

measuring less than } the depth of the body. Brownish,

sometimes with irregular yellowish spots; a single deep-

black spot immediately behind the eye ; posterior nasal tube,

2 or 8 pores below the eye and sometimes pores on the lower

jaw situated in white spots.

Three specimens, 450 to 550 mm. in total length, from

Tahiti and Raiatea (Godeffroy Mus.).

Allied to M. moluccensis, Bleek., in which the posterior

nostril is not tubular, the teeth on the sides of the mandible

are smaller and more numerous, forming a regular series,

and there is no black spot nor white pores on the head.

2. Gymnomurena polyspila.

Tail slightly longer than body; length of head 11 in the

total length. Posterior nostril not tubular; eye nearer to

angle of mouth than to end of snout, its diameter 3 the length

of snout; cleft of mouth 4 the length of head; jaws equal

anteriorly ; teeth in jaws biserial; gill-opening on middle of

side. Reddish, with large dark brownish or purplish spots

forming 2 or 3 irregular series on each side; snout and

anterior half of lower jaw pale yellow.

A specimen of 182 mm. from Tahiti (Godefroy Mus.).

A much larger fish (720 mm.) from Zanzibar (Playfair)

probably belongs to this species. It is labelled G. tgrina,

but differs from that species in the less slender form and

in having the tail nearly equal in length to the body. The

rim of the posterior nostril is raised. ‘The colour is faded,

but apparently the spots and red ground-colour ceased just

behind the eye and in the middle of the lower jaw.

3. Gymnomurena fasciolata.

Tail longer than body; length of head 8} in the total

length. Posterior nostril tubular, the tube longer than that

Marine Fishes from Australia and the Pacific. 439

of the anterior nostril; eye above middle of mouth, its

diameter 4 the length of snout; cleft of snout 2 the length

of head ; jaws equal anteriorly ; teeth in jaws triserial ; gill-

opening on middle of side. Body with numerous narrow

undulating dark cross-bands, some of which are broken up

into spots.

A specimen of 300 mm. from Duke of York Is. (Brown).

4. Gymnomurena supraforata.

Tail slightly longer than body; length of head 10} in

total length. Posterior nostril with a raised rim ; eye nearer

to end of snout than to angle of mouth, its diameter 2 the

length of snout ; cleft of mouth 4 the length of head; jaws

equal anteriorly ; teeth in 5 series in the upper jaw and 4 in

the lower ; vomerine band of teeth short; gill-opening much

nearer dorsal than ventral profile. Reddish, with numerous

darker spots forming vertical series and posteriorly uniting

to form undulating vertical stripes.

A specimen of 300 mm, from Savay (Whitmee).

Three young examples (170 to 210 mm.) from ‘Tahiti

(Grodeffroy) have the head ', to 4 of the total length, the eye

4 the length of the snout, 4 series of teeth in the upper jaw

and 3 in the lower.

5. Murenichthys godeffroyt.

Tail 14 as long as body; length of head 3} in that of

trunk. Snout obtuse ; cleft of mouth extending beyond the

small eye; teeth obtusely conical, mostly biserial. Origin

of dorsal well in advance of vent, but nearer to vent than to

gill-opening. Coloration uniform.

A specimen of 135 mm. from Bowen, Queensland

(Godefroy Mus.).

Allied to M. gymnopterus, Bleek.

6. Spheroides liosomus.

Tetrodon hamiltonii (part.), Giinth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 280 (1870).

Smooth, without evident spines, but with numerous pores.

Length of head less than its distance from the dorsal fin ;

snout blunt, shorter than postorbital part of head ; diameter

of eye not more than 4 postorbital length of head ; osseous

interorbital width } to 4 the length of head; mouth terminal,

the chin not prominent; upper and lower teeth subequal,

Dorsal 10-11; second branched ray the longest. Anal 9,

Jaudal rounded. Back and sides with blackish spots sepa-

rated by a pale reticulation ; often a transverse band between

440 Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Capside.

the orbits and a broader one across the back behind the

pectorals ; sometimes a narrow band between them ; usually

a large spot at the base of the dorsal fin, and another below

and in front of it on the side ; caudal dusky, other fins pale.

Southern coasts of Australia; Tasmania.

Six specimens, 105 to 150 mm. in total length, from

Flinders Island and Port Phillip (Degen), Hobart (Allport),

and Melbourne ( Krefft).

Spheroides hamiltonit, Richards., from New South Wales

and Polynesia, differs in the presence of numerous small

spines, the fewer fin-rays (D. 9, A. 7-8), and the different

coloration.

LII.—Descriptions of Oriental Capside.

By W. L. Distant.

THE new genera proposed in this paper will be figured in

vol. v. (Appendix) of the Rhynchotal portion of the ‘ Fauna

of British India.’

EBUTIUS, gen. nov.

Head subequal in length to the pronotum, transversely

impressed behind the eyes, which are well separated from

the anterior margin of the pronotum, between the eyes dis-

tinctly longitudinally sulcate, the disk moderately convex,

obtusely attenuated in front of the insertion of the antenne,

where it is a little ridged and excavated on each side;

antenniferous tubercles prominent, first joint of the antenne

robust and about as long as the head, second joint slender,

nearly three times as long as the first, third and fourth short,

together longer than first ; rostrum reaching the intermediate

cox#; pronotum transversely constricted before middle, this

anterior area somewhat transversely striate at anterior

margin and with a distinct moderately transverse tubercle

immediately in front of each side of the constriction, posterior

area convexly deflected from base, thickly punctate, the

lateral margins carinate and oblique, posterior lateral angles

subprominent, basal margin a little concave before scutellum,

which is somewhat large and triangular, and somewhat

foveate at each basal angle; hemelytra a little more than

twice as long as head and pronotum together, clavus broad,

cuneus elongately angulate, membrane apparently (as seen in

Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Capside. 441

spirit-specimens) with a single cell truncate posteriorly ;

legs slender, the femora slightly but regularly thickened,

sterior tarsi with the basal joint almost as long as remaining

Joints together.

Ebutius bellus, sp. n.

Uniformly pale ochraceous as seen in spirit-specimens

(possibly virescent in living or fresh examples); scutellum

with a linear, foveate, piceous spot at each basal angle ;

basal joint of antennew with a few short obscure hairs; other

characters as in generic diagnosis,

Length 64 to 7 mm.

flab. Sikhim (Major Roberts).

‘The above generic and specific descriptions are based on a

few spirit-specimens given to me by the late Col. Bingham.

In the enumeration of the Capsid fauna of British India,

Ebutius is allied to Onomaus, Dist., and_is placed in the

division Herdoniaria of the subfam, Mirine.

Harpedona sanguinipes, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum black ; antennz black, the

basal joint pale sanguineous ; corium piceous, the costal

margin narrowly ochraceous; membrane fuscous, the apex

paler and the veins darker; head beneath and sternum black,

abdomen beneath piceous; femora pale sanguineous, tibie

and tarsi pale ochraceous; head centrally longitudinally

sulcate ; second joint of antenne scarcely more than twice as

long as first ; pronotum transversely constricted before middle,

the anterior lobe distinctly centrally foveate at base, posterior

lobe obsoletely punctate.

Length 4 mm.

Hab. Darjiling ; Pussumbing, 4700 feet (R. H. Mann).

Allied to the Ceylonese species H. marginata, Dist., from

which it differs by the different colour of the legs and of the

basal joint of the antenne, posterior lobe of the pronotum

much less distinctly punctate, Ke.

CINNAMUS, gen. nov.

Vertex convex, anteriorly, centrally, pointedly produced ;

eyes prominent, contiguous to the anterior margin of the

pronotum, but projecting beyond it, the disc centrally longi-

tudinally sulcate ; antenne long, the basal joint moderately

robust, sparsely hirsute, about as long as the pronotum,

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol, iv. 31

442 Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Capside.

second joint more than twice as long as first and about as

long as third and fourth together ; rostrum reaching the

posterior cox; pronotum transversely constricted near

middle, the anterior area with a distinct rugose collar, and

with a moderate transverse tubercle on each side immediately

in front of the transverse impression, posterior area deflected

from base, which is concave and thus exposes the meso-

notum, the lateral margins oblique; scutellum triangular

with a small subbasal central tubercle; corium slightly

longer than space between the apices of head and scutellum,

clavus moderately raised and deflected on each side, cuneus

somewhat broadly triangular, the cuneal fracture distinct ;

membrane with a short, posteriorly truncate basal cell ;

legs long and slender, finely spinulosely hirsute, femora

moderately and evenly thickened, all the tibiz longer than

the femora, basal joint of posterior tarsi short and moderately

thickened.

Among the Capside of British India this genus may be

located between Harpedona and Clapmarius.

Cinnamus rhinoceros, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, mesonotum, and scutellum pale mottled

fuscous brown; anterior collar and posterior lobe of pronotum

mottled brownish ochraceous, apex of scutellum ochraceous ;

antenne and eyes blackish; clavus pale ochraceous, its basal

third and apical area mottled fuscous brown ; corium ochra-

ceous, much mottled with fuscous brown and with an oblique

transverse piceous fascia at about one-third before apex,

cuneus shining black; membrane fuscous, blackish on basal

area, margins of cell dull greyish ; body beneath piceous,

mesosternum ochraceous; legs piceous, femora obscurely

palely annulate near apices ; body above shortly obscurely

pilose; mesonotum with a central longitudinal pale line;

structural characters as in generic diagnosis.

Length 5 mm.

Hab. Ceylon; Peradeniya (Green).

ZALMUNNA, gen. nov.

Head elongate, almost as long as the pronotum, the central

lobe prominent at apex, behind which it is transversely

impressed, between eyes shortly longitudinally sulcate ; eyes

short, somewhat adpressed, contiguous to the anterior margin

of the pronotum; antenne with the first joint stout,

attenuated at its base, about as long as head, remaining

Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Capside. 443

joints slender, second more than twice as long as first, third

shorter than second, but considerably longer than fourth ;

rostrum passing the posterior coxze, first joint robust and as

long as head ; pronotum moderately declivous from base to

apex with a distinct narrow anterior collar, somewhat

Sinarely transversely impressed before middle, the lateral

margins oblique, basal margin truncate ; scutellum triangular,

slightly longitudinally foveate at each basal angle ; hemelytra

passing the abdominal apex, corium elongate, the costal

margin slightly rounded, cuneus acutely subtriangular, the

cuneal fracture distinct, membrane with a prominent

posteriorly truncate cell; legs of moderate length, posterior

femora incrassated, tibize finely spinulose, posterior tibia

about as long as corium, posterior tarsi with the basal joint

almost as long as remaining joints together.

Allied to the 8S. African genus Nymannus, Dist., and in

the enumeration of the British Indian Capside to be placed

near the genus Clapmarius.

Zalmunna dux, sp. n.

Reddish ochraceous, shortly finely pilose ; antenne ochira-

ceous, the basal joint brownish ochraceous; head, pronotum,

and scutellum with a more or less distinct pale central longi-

tudinal line, the scutellum darker and more reddish ochraceous,

clavus dark reddish ochraceous on basal half, somewhat dull

greyish on apical half; corium dark reddish ochraceous, the

costal margin ochraceous, cuneus with the basal margin dull

greyish ; membrane pale fuscous, the lateral margin paler ;

body beneath and legs reddish ochraceous ; basal joint of

rostrum, basal disk of abdomen, tibiw, tarsi, and apical

annulations to femora pale ochraceous ; structural characters

as in generic diagnosis.

Length 53 mm.

Hab, Ceylon; Trincomalee (Green),

Mystilus antramt, sp. n.

Head, antennae, pronotum, and scutellum dull black ;

apex and two spots at base of head and anterior and

posterior margins of pronotum pale ochraceous ; hemelytra

very pale ochraceous, subhyaline, membrane reflecting the

dark abdomen beneath; head and abdomen beneath pale

ochraceous, the sternum and apex of abdomen black; legs

pale ochraceous, the femora (especially the anterior) much

31*

444 Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Capside.

mottled with black, more densely so on apical areas,

posterior tibiae black, with a long apical pale ochraceous

annulation ; rostrum pale ochraceous, its apex black ; head

deeply longitudinally sulcate between the eyes, which are

contiguous to the anterior margin of the pronotum ; antennz

much longer than the body, basal joint almost as long as the

head and pronotum together; pronotum very coarsely

punctate, anterior collar distinct, transversely constricted at

about one-third from anterior margin, in front of which are

two distinct callosities with a short central longitudinal

carinate line between them, cuneus a little longer than broad,

concolorous with the pale corium.

Length 4 mm.

Hab. Cachar ; Koomber (Antram).

Mystilus mannt, sp. n.

Head black, its apex pale ochraceous, two dull ochraceous

spots at base; antenne black, the basal joint ochraceous,

more or less mottled or spotted with black; pronotum

ochraceous, the anterior collar dull greyish, the anterior

transverse callosities a little darker; scutellum ochraceous ;

hemelytra stramineous, semihyaline ; clavus with the inner

margins and the apex of the suture black, cuneus con-

colorous, membrane reflecting the dark abdomen beneath ;

head beneath and sternum pale ochraceous, abdomen be-

neath more or less greyish; legs ochraceous, femora finely

mottled or spotted with black, posterior tibiz black with

a long pale ochraceous apical annulation.

Length 43 mm.

Hab. Cachar ; Koomber (Antram),

This species is allied to J/. antrami by the concolorous’

cuneus, but differs from it in the different colour of the

pronotum and scutellum, the absence of the short carinate line

between the pronotal callosities, &c.

Megacelum insignis, sp. n.

Very pale ochraceous ; antennz with the under surface of

the first joint, a central annulation and apex to second joint,

and two contiguous annulations and apex to third joint,

black; eyes black; narrow lateral margins to pronotum,

narrow lateral margins to scutellum (excluding base), narrow

margins to the claval suture, a basal subcostal line io corium

and three prominent rounded spots—one before costal margin

near middle, the other two before basal margin of cuneus—

Mr. W. L, Distant on Oriental Capside. 445

black ; apex of rostrum black; head with a fine central

longitudinal suleation between the eyes; first joint of

antenne nearly half as long as second joint, third a little

shorter than second (fourth mutilated in typical specimen) ;

rostrum slightly passing the posterior coxe ; corium shortly

sparingly palely pilose ; membrane considerably passing the

abdominal apex ; posterior legs mutilated in typical speci-

men; anterior and intermediate tibiw spinulose.

Length, incl. membr., 2,9 mm.

Hab. Mussooree (coll. Dist.).

Megacelum tibial/s, sp. n.

Black, finely shortly greyishly pilose; antennw with tlie

first joint black, second and third joints ochraceous, base and

apex of second joint narrowly black ; legs black, apices of

anterior and intermediate femora, the anterior and inter-

mediate tibie (excluding extreme apices), coxw, and the

tarsi (more or less) ochraceous ; head finely, centrally, longi-

tudinally, sulcately impressed between the eyes; antennx

with the first joint moderately thickened, about half as long

as second, third distinctly shorter than second (fourth joint

mutilated in typical specimen) ; rostrum piceous and reaching

the posterior coxa ; apex of cuneus castaneous ; membrane

fuscous, reflecting the dark abdomen beneath and moderately

passing the abdominal apex ; tibiz finely spinulose, the

spinules black ; first joint of posterior tarsi a little shorter

than second joint.

Length, incl. membr., 8 mm.

Hab. Simla Hills, Dharampur, 5000 ft.

Megacwlum pervalidum, sp. n.

Body and tegmina castaneous brown, somewhat thickly

finely palely pilose; costal area of corium widening posteriorly,

ochraceous ; cuneus pale castaneous; antenne ochraceous,

basal joint castaneous brown, apical area of second joint

piceous, anterior and intermediate femora castaneous brown,

their bases and the whole of the tibie and tarsi oclira-

ceous, tarsal claws piceous, posterior femora ochraceous,

their apical areas and the posterior tibia (excluding apex)

black ; body beneath and coxz piceous ; head finely, linearly

suleate between the eyes; first joint of antenne about half

as long as second joint, third distinctly shorter than second

and longer than fourth ; rostrum reaching the posterior

cox#; rostrum ochraceous, basal joint castaneous brown,

446 Mr, W. L. Distant on Oriental Capside.

apex black and reaching the posterior coxe; pronotum

transversely wrinkled ; membrane fuscous, somewhat longly

passing the abdominal apex ; tibie spinulose, the spinules

black.

Length, inc]. membr., 9 mm.

Hab. Nepal ; sie and Nagorkote lee. Mus.).

Pussumbing ; Darjiling ( Mann).

In some specimens the margin of the costal area to corium

is castaneous brown.

Megacelum straminipes, sp. 0.

Head brownish ochraceous, eyes black ; antenne with the

first joint piceous, second piceous biannulated with ochra-

ceous, third joint fuscous, its base ocliraceous; pronotum,

the narrow anterior collar and extreme basal margin pale

ochraceous; scutellam and corium black, finely pilose, the

costal margin of the latter brownish ochraceous ; cuneus

brownish ochraceous, its outer margin and inner angle black ;

membrane fuscous, reflecting the dark abdomen beneath ;

body beneath piceous; legs stramineous, the posterior tibize

black ; head finely longitudinally suleate between the eyes ;

antenne with the basal joint moderately thickened, about

half as long as second, third only a little shorter than second

(fourth mutilated in typical specimen); pronotum finely

transversely wrinkled and with two distinct callosities near

anterior margin ; membrane considerably passing abdominal

apex ; rostrum stramineous and reaching the posterior coxe ;

tibize spinulose, the spinules black.

Length, incl. membr., 7 mm.

Hab. Kangra Valley, 4500 ft. (Dudgeon).

Megacelum mussooriensis, sp. 0.

Head black, posterior margins of eyes ochraceous ; antennse

black, second joint usually brownish ochraceous ‘except at

base and apex ; pronotum brownish ochraceous, the anterior

collar and extreme posterior margin pale ochraceous, two

contiguous transverse black spots near anterior margin and

with a blackish suffusion near posterior margin; scutellum

piceous or black; corium piceous brown, shortly, palely,

sparingly pilose, the costal margin pale ochraceous, cuneus

pale castaneous brown; membrane piceous; body beneath

and legs black, the anterior and intermediate tibize more or

less brownish ochraceous; head narrowly, longitudinally

suleate between the eyes; antenne with the basal joint

Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Capside. 447

moderately thickened, about as long as the pronotum, second

joint a little more than twice as long as the first, third joint

a little shorter than second and much longer than fourth ;

scutellum finely transversely striate; corium (including

cuneus) about as long as posterior tibiw, clavus and corium

concolorous ; rostrum black, with brownish-ochraceous suf-

fusions, reaching the posterior coxe; tibiw finely spinulose,

the spinules black ; tarsi more or less ochraceous, their apices

black, first and second joints of posterior tarsi subequal in

length ; membrane largely passing the abdominal apex.

Var.—Lateral margins of the pronotum black.

Length 7 to 8 mm.

Hab, Mussooree (Brunett/).

Megacwlum brunettii, sp. n.

Head black, the base sometimes piceous; antenne with

the basal joint black, second joint brownish ochraceous,

piceous at base and more broadly so at apex, third joint pale

ochraceous ; pronotum black, the narrow anterior collar and

narrow posterior margin pale ochraceous; scutellum black ;

clavus and corium black, the latter with the costal area,

widening to cuneus, brownish ochraceous, the extreme

costal margin, widest before cuneus, piceous ; cuneus pale

castaneous, the inner and outer margins black ; membrane

fuscous, reflecting the dark abdomen beneath ; body beneath,

trochanters, and coxe black; legs sanguineous, bases and

apices of femora and tibia more or less piceous; tarsi ochra-

ceous; head moderately convex, finely longitudinally sulcate

between the eyes; antennz with the first joint moderately

thickened and about as long as pronotum, second slightly

more than twice as long as first and distinctly longer than

third (fourth mutilated in typical specimens); rostrum

brownish ochraceous with piceous suffusions, reaching the

posterior cox; pronotum, scutellum, and corium sparsely,

finely, palely pilose; scutellum smooth, not distinctly striate ;

corium (including cuneus) about as long as posterior tibie ;

the tibia finely spinulose, the spinules black; membrane

longly passing the abdominal apex.

Length 7 mm.

Hab. Meerut, 750 ft. (Brunett?).

Megacelum marginandum, sp. n.

Head and antenne ochraceous, eyes black; pronotum

ochraceous, the anterior collar and narrow posterior margin

448 Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Capside.

paler, the disk sometimes more or less suffused with blackish;

scutellum and corium dull deep ochraceous, the latter with

the costal margin pale ochraceous and sparsely finely pilose,

cuneus usually with pale castaneous suffusions ; membrane

pale fuscous, the margins greyish and the basal area darker

by reflecting the abdomen beneath ; body beneath and legs

pale ochraceous, the lateral areas of the abdomen and some-

times the posterior tibiae rosy red; head moderately convex,

finely longitudinally sulcate between the eyes ; antenne with

the first joint moderately thickened and not quite so long as

the pronotum, second joint about twice as long as first,

scarcely longer than third, which is about twice the length of

fourth; scutellum moderately convex; corium (including

cuneus) a little longer than posterior tibiz ; membrane longly

passing the abdominal apex; legs distinctly paler at basal

areas, the tibize spinulose, the spinules black; rostrum with

its apex black and reaching the posterior coxe ; posterior

tarsi with the first and second joints subequal in length.

Length 7 to 8 mm.

Hab, Ceylon; Peradeniya (Green). Madulsima, Diya’wa,

4000 ft., Hakgala (Gatnbrigge-Fletcher).

Megacelum patruum, sp. nD.

Head and pronotum obscure ochraceous, somewhat mottled

with piceous ; antennz ochraceous, the whole of the first

joint, base and apex of second joint, and apical two-thirds of

third and fourth joints black ; pronotum with the posterior

Jateral angles nariowly black; scutellum and corium dull

piceous black, the latter with the costal margins ochraceous ;

cuneus very dark castaneous, its apex pale; head beneath

and abdomen more or less brownish ochraceous, the sternum

piceous or black; legs stramineous, apical areas of the

posterior femora more or less distinctly blackishly biannulate ;

head finely longitudinally culcate between the eyes; antenne

with the first joint moderately thickened and about as long as

the pronotum, second joint about twice as long as first,

second and third subequal in length, third about twice as long

as first; scutellum moderately convex; corium (including

cuneus) as long as posterior tibie ; membrane fuscous, longly

passing the abdominal apex; rostrum brownish ochraceous,

its apex black and reaching the posterior cox ; tibie spinu-

lose, the spinules black.

Var.—Basal joint of antennee brownish, not black,

Length 8 mm.

Hab. Ceylon; Kandy (Green), Madulsima (Bainbrigge-

Fletcher).

Mr, W. L. Distant on Oriental Capside. 449

PHILOSTEPHANUS, gen. nov.

Head a little longer than broad, deflected anteriorly,

centrally longitudinally sulcate between the eyes, which are

moderately transversely exserted ; antennae with the basal

joint only slightly thickened, about as long as head, second

joint twice as long as first (remaining joints mutilated in

typical specimen); rostrum reaching the posterior coxe ;

pronotum much broader than long, moderately convex, de-

flected anteriorly, lateral margins oblique, anterior and

posterior margins truncate ; scutellum somewhat small and

convex; corium (excluding cuneus) about twice as long as

broad, slightly longer than posterior tibia, cuneus triangularly

elongate, its apex acute ; membrane considerably passing

the abdominal apex and with a subquadrate posteriorly sub-

truncate cell ; Jegs of moderate length, the posterior femora

distinctly thickened, tibia spinulose, posterior tarsi with the

first and second joints subequal in length.

Allied to Megacalum.

Philostephanus vitaliter, sp. n.

Head ochraceous, speckled with fuscous ; antenne with

the first joint ochraceous speckled with fuscous, second joint

piceous, centrally paler (remaining joints mutilated in typical

specimen); pronotum shining black, posterior margin very

narrowly and a short central basal linear spot ochraceous ;

scutellum shining black, with a small ochraceous spot at each

basal angle; clavus and corium fuscous, largely and some-

what densely mottled with pale ochraceous ; cuneus fuscous,

its basal area greyish, the extreme apex pale ochraceous ;

membrane pale fuscous with large greyish suffusions ; body

beneath and legs ochraceous, a sublateral piceous fascia on

each side of sternum, and a similar but narrower and more

obscure fascia on each side of abdomen; all the femora

and tibia annulated with fuscous; head in front of eyes

transversely striate, the eyes slightly projecting beyond the

anterior margin of the pronotum ; other structural characters

as in generic diagnosis.

Length 84 mm.

Hab. Simla.

STECHUS, gen. nov.

Head a little longer than broad, moderately deflected

anteriorly, finely longitudinally suleate between the eyes,

450 Mr. W. L. Distant on Ortental Capside.

which are very large and project beyond the anterior margin

of the pronotum ; antenne with the first joint about as long

as head and only slightly thickened, second joint three times

as long as first and half as long again as third ; rostrum

reaching the posterior cox; pronotum much broader than

long, moderately convex and deflected anteriorly, with a

broad transverse callosity near the anterior margin, the

lateral margins moderately convex, anterior margin sub-

truncate, posterior margin a little posteriorly produced at

base of scutellum ; scutellum moderately convex and sub-

triangular ; corium (excluding cuneus) about twice as long as

broad and a little shorter than the posterior tibize, cuneus

elongately subtriangular, its apex acute, the cuneal fracture

distinct; membrane longly passing the abdominal apex, with

a subquadrate posteriorly truncate cell; legs of moderate

length, femora moderately thickened, the posterior femora

more strongly so, tibize spinulose, posterior tarsi with the first

and second joints subequal in length.

Stechus libertus, sp. n.

Pale olivaceous green, inclining to ochraceous in move dried

specimens ; antenne black, a subapical annulation to first

joint and a subbasal annulation to second joint ochraceous ;

eyes black ; corium and cuneus more olivaceous than the

head, pronotum, and scutellum, the clavus considerably darker,

and the inner area of the corium distinctly darker ; cuneus

pale olivaceous with the apical angle black ; membrane pale

fuscous; body beneath and legs pale virescent, apical area of

posterior femora fuscous brown with a subapical pale an-

nulation ; clavus and corium obscurely shortly pilose ;

structural characters as in generic diagnosis.

Length 5 mm.

Hab. Ceylon ; Madulsima ( Bainbrigge-Fletcher).

ARETAS, gen. nov.

Head between eyes as broad as long, very finely centrally

longitudinally sulcate, transversely impressed a little before

base ; eyes longer than broad; antenne with the basal joint

incrassate, spinulose, about as long as head, second joint

about three times as long as first, third joint partially muti-

lated in typical specimen ; rostrum reaching the intermediate

coxe ; pronotum broader than long, the Jateral margins a

little concavely sinuate, the anterior margin truncate and

ridged, transversely impressed at about one-third before

Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Capside. 451

anterior margin, between which and the anterior margin are

two transverse callosities, posterior margin subtruncate ;

scutellum broad, triangular; corium with the costal margin

a little convex, excluding cuneus about as long as posterior

tibiz, cuneus somewhat small, subtriangular; membrane

passing the abdominal apex; posterior femora strongly

incrassate, tibia finely spinulose; posterior tibie with the

first and second joints subequal in length.

Aretas imperatorius, sp. 0.

Ifead dull greyish, the eyes black ; antenna stramineous,

the basal joint pale castaneous ; pronotum, scutellum, and

corium ochraceous ; lateral margins of pronotum, a_ broad

central fascia on apical half of scutellum, base and apex of

clavus, costal margin and margin of clavus to corium, two

small spots before base of membrane, and the cuneus (ex-

cluding two basal spots) sanguineous ; membrane very pale

fuscous, the posterior margins of the cells sanguineous ; body

beneath and legs stramineous, tibial spinules concolorous ;

rostrum stramineous, apex of basal joint dull sanguineous ;

structural characters as in generic diagnosis.

Length 4 mm.

Hub, Ceylon ; Peradeniya (Green).

ELTHEMUS, gen. nov,

Head a little longer than broad, centrally longitudinally

sulcate, eyes transverse, prominent, projecting beyond the

anterior margins of the pronotum; antenne with the first

joint thickened, longer than the head, second joint three times

as long as first and considerably longer than third, fourth

only slightly longer than first ; rostrum reaching the posterior

cox ; pronotum much broader than long, narrowed anteriorly,

with a short but distinct collar, the lateral margins oblique,

posterior margin subtruncate, slightly transversely impressed

about one-third from anterior margin, the anterior area with

two callosities, in some specimens these callosities are united,

the disk (excluding anterior area) finely punctate ; scutellum

triangular; corium (excluding cuneus) as long as posterior

tibiw and closely finely pilose, cuneus elongately triangular ;

membrane passing the abdominal apex; legs of moderate

‘length, femora moderately thickened, the posterior femora

more strongly so, tibiew spinulose, posterior tarsi with the

first and second joints subequal in length.

Allied to Yaneredus, Dist., but differing by the greater

452 Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Capside.

length of the basal joint of antenne, the non-prominent pro-

notal angles, the much larger scutellum, the longer corium, &e.

Ellthemus conspicatus, sp. n.

Head dull ochraceous, eyes black ; antennee with the first

joint blackish, remaining joints brownish; pronotum piceous

black, the anterior collar and posterior narrow margin ochra-

ceous ; scutellum ochraceous, with piceous suffusions, the

most prominent being a more or less distinct basal spot ;

clavus and corium blackish, the costal area more or less

ochraceous, the blackish coloration extending across it near

apex as an elongate costal spot; cuneus pale ochraceous, its

margins darker ; membrane fuscous ; body beneath and legs

ochraceous, a broad lateral fascia to sternum and abdomen

black, posterior femora annulated with fuscous near apex :

structural characters as in generic diagnosis.

Length 5-53 mm.

Hab. Ceylon; Peradeniya (Green).

Elthemus domitus, sp. n.

Dull ochraceous (perhaps virescent in life), eyes black ;

pronotum with the collar and narrow posterior margin a little

paler, the latter sometimes inwardly margined with piceous ;

scutellum and corium pale ochraceous, the clavus and inner

area of corium brownish ochraceous ; membrane pale fuscous,

the basal area piceous ; body beneath and legs reddish ochra-

ceous, a sublateral fascia to sternum and sometimes a few

discal spots to abdomen piceous; femora longitudinally

streaked with pale ochraceous; antenne ochraceous, tle

basal joint and apex of second joint black or blackish, first

joint longer than head, second joint about three times as long

as first ; head longitudinally sulcate between the eyes ; pro-

notum finely wrinkled and punctate; clavus and corium

thickly finely pilose; membrane considerably passing the

abdominal apex; posterior femora apically biannulated with

brown.

Length 5-55 mm.

Hab, Ceylon; Peradeniya (Green).

DRUTHMARUS, gen. nov.

Head about as long as broad between eyes, centrally longi-

tudinally sulcate, anteriorly broadly angulate, eyes exserted,

large, transverse, longly projecting beyond the anterior margin

of the pronotum, a little directed backwardly ; antenne with

+ ae RTS Epes,

Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Capside. 453

the basal joint short and incrassate, second joint very strongly

incrassate, about four times as long as first, third and fourth

joints short, slender, subequal in length; rostrum reaching

the posterior cox; pronotum much broader than long,

obliquely narrowed to head, moderately deflected anteriorly,

and prominently deflected before base of scutellum ; scutellum

triangular, about as long as head; corium (excluding cuneus)

as long as posterior tibia ; cuneus short and broad, angularly

attenuated inwardly ; membrane passing abdominal apex ;

legs of moderate length, tibiw spinulose, posterior tarsi with

the basal joint shortest.

Druthmarus magnicornis, sp. n.

Black ; third and fourth joints of antenne piceous, their

bases stramineous; membrane with the apical area fuscous

brown, the basal area reflecting the dark abdomen beneath ;

apical areas of intermediate tibie and the tarsi (excluding

apices) stramineous ; corium faintly shortly palely pilose ;

structural characters as in generic diagnosis.

Length 3 mm.

Hab, Ceylon; Peradeniya (Green).

Prodromus cuneatus, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum very pale ochraceous; eyes

black ; antennze with the basal joint pale ochraceous, second

joint piceous, subapically annulated with pale ochraceous,

third and fourth joints dull greyish; hemelytra hyaline, mar-

gins of the clavus and cuneus, costal margin of corium and

margins of membranal cell more or less virescent; body

beneath very pale ochraceous ; legs stramineous, apices of

the tarsi black ; head centrally finely medially impressed ;

eyes prominent, exserted, well separated from the anterior

margins of the pronotum ; antenne with the first joint a little

longer than head, second about half as long again as first ;

pronotum with a narrow anterior collar, transversely con-

stricted before middle and enclosing two callosities, posterior

area tumid, thickly somewhat finely punctate; cuneus very

long, almost reaching the membranal apex.

Length 5 mm.

Hab, Ceylon; Peradeniya (Green).

Distinct from the other described species of Prodromus by

the length of the cuneus,

454 Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Capside.

APOLLODOTUS, gen. nov.

Head half as long as broad, very broad between eyes,

anteriorly perpendicularly deflected, medially longitudinally

impressed, transversely impressed behind eyes and narrowed

to base; eyes small and placed near apex of head and longly

removed from base; antenne with the basal joint thickened,

about as long as head, second joint moderately thickened,

more than twice as long as first, third longer than fourth,

together little more than half the length of second ; pronotum

about half as long as breadth at base, with a narrow anterior

collar behind which are two transverse constrictions enclosing

an area which is centrally carinate and contains a smooth cal-

losity on each side, very strongly narrowed from base to head,

the lateral margins straightly oblique; scutelium gibbous,

shortly acute at upper posterior angle; corium (excluding

cuneus) short, broad, about as long as head and pronotum

together, the costal margin a little convexly dilated ; cuneus

short and broad, the cuneal fracture profound ; legs of mode-

rate length, the posterior tibize as long as corium and cuneus

together, posterior tarsi with the first joint longer than

second.

Allied to Angerianus, Dist., but shorter, broader, head

much shorter and less exserted, pronotum much broader and

more regularly narrowed; scutellum distinct.

Apollodotus prefectus, sp. n.

Head obscure ochraceous, centrally and behind the eyes

marked with black; antenne with the first joint black,

second joint ochraceous, with the apical area black, third and

fourth obscure ochraceous; pronotum black, coarsely punc-

tate, a central longitudinal line, lateral margins and the

apical basal margins more or less ochraceous; scutellum

black ; clavus black, with a large dull ochraceous spot near

middle ; corium subhyaline, with blackish spots, the two

largest forming a transverse fascia near middle; cuneus and

membranal cells margined with piceous; membrane pale

hyaline, longly passing the abdominal apex ; body beneath

and legs black, apices of the femora and basal areas of the

intermediate and posterior femora ochraceous, tibize and tarsi

ochraceous ; abdomen beneath with two ochraceous spots on

each side beyond middle; other structural characters as in

generic diagnosis.

Length 34 mm.

Hab, Ceylon; Eppawala (Green).

[To be continued, }

+ i

On Mammals from South Africa, 455

LILI.—On a Collection of Mammals from South Africa.

By H. Lysrer JAMESON.

THIS paper is based on a collection of about 440 mammals,

representing 66 species, which I made in South Africa

between 1902 and the end of 1907.

I have examined the material which I brought home at

the British Museum, and I am indebted to Mr. Oldfield

Thomas for courteously allowing me to make use of the

magnificent series of South-African skins in the National

_ Collection. Without the opportunity of comparing my

material with this standard collection the identification of

many of the specimens here recorded would have been

impossible,

i have also to thank Mr. Thomas, Mr. R. C. Wroughton,

and Dr. K. Andersen for much help and advice in naming

difficult species.

(1) Galago crassicaudatus E. Geoff.

Woodbush Mountain, Zoutpansberg District, Transvaal

(8000 to 6000 feet).

os 190; 1945) 9 > 167, 1$9, 193.

‘Lhe type locality cf Geoftroy’s Galago erassicaudatus is

not given in his original description, but Peters states that

Geoffroy’s type example came from Mozambique (Reise

Mossamb. 1852).

Geoffroy (Cat. Primates Mus. Pays-Bas, p. 328) also gives

Mozambique as the locality.

The type example of G. crassicaudatus kirkii Gray is

from Quilimaine ; it is therefore not improbable that kirki? is

a synonym for erassicaudatus, On the other hand, the type

example of G. garnetti (Ogilvie), from Natal, and Grant’s

Zululand series (Rudd Collection) in the British Museum

are, on the whole, browner and more heavily pencilled with

black than examples of G. crassicaudatus from the type

locality, Nyassaland and the Gorongoza Mountains, in the

National Collection. Moreover, the Natal and Zululand

form nearly always has a dark tail-tip, which is generally

absent in G. crassicaudatus, It may be added that Grant

has observed (Rudd Exploration of South Africa.—IX.,

P. Z. 8. 1908, p. 166) that the calls of the two species are

different.

It would appear, therefore, that the Natal and Zululand

“Bush baby” (including in all probability G. zuluensis

456 Mr. H. L. Jameson on

Elliot, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xx. p. 186) should be

distinguished from the Mozambique form as Galago crasst-

caudatus garnetti (Ogilvie).

My specimens, from the Woodbush, are in many ways

intermediate between G. crassicaudatus and G. garnetti, but

they are on the whole nearer to the northern form.

They were shot at night in the bush.

(2) Galago moholt Smith.

New Agatha, Zoutpansberg District, Transvaal.

3 (juv.). 319.

(3) Genetta rubiginosa Puch.

Tzaneen Estate, Zoutpansberg District, Transvaal (2500 ft.).

By 20S, 2485 2 2300-

These examples were obtained at a locality between Klein

Letaba and Woodbush, 7. e. from the type-locality. of

G. letabe (Thos. & Schw.). G. letabe has now been merged

in this species (see Thomas and Wroughton, P. Z. 8. 1908,

p- 042).

(4) Mungos paludinosus (G. Cuv.).

= Mungos galera (Erx1.).

Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg District, Transvaal.

Os ATO) 320 5°49. 183,

Wakkerstroom, I'ransvaal, ? (specimen lost).

(5) Alungos cauut (Smith),

Johannesburg, Transvaal.

S (unnumbered); 2. 340.

T'zaneen, Zoutpansberg District.

&. 160, 253; 9. 229, 367, 368.

‘he examples from Johannesburg are rather more grey

than those from the Zoutpansberg.

(6) Cynictis penicillatus steedmani Ozgilby.

Ventersburg Road, O.R.C.

2. 306,

(7) Lutra maculicollis Licht.

Wakkerstroom, Transvaal.

Flat skin with skull. ¢g. Shot Sept. 4th, 1903.

Mammals from South Africa. 457

As the character on which the specific name of this otter is

based is not present in my example, I append a few notes on

the dimensions and colour of this specimen,

Dimensions :—

Head and body 560 mm. ; tail 370; hind foot 117; ear 19;

say aap to tip of nose 62.

Colour dark brown above, lighter brown on underside,

underfur pale buff. Upper and lower lips whitish, the throat

and inguinal region lighter than the belly. A small yellow

spot on the inner side of each knee, but throat and chest

unspotted, Whiskers fawn-coloured.

(8) Ictonyx capensis Kaup.

Wonderfontein, Potchefstroom District, Transvaal.

3 (juv.), 2.

Also obtained at Malvern, Natal (not preserved),

(9) Pecilogale albinucha Gray.

Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg District, Transvaal.

3. 254.

(10) Cephalophus grimmi (Linn.),

Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg, Transvaal.

g?. 148.

(11) Xerus capensis (Kerr).

Ventersburg Road, O.R.C.

3. 342, 349.

(12) Graphiurus murinus (Desmar.),

Waynek, Waterberg District, Transvaal.

g. 417; 2 (unnumbered).

(13) Graphturus nanus (de Wint.),

Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg District, ‘l’ransvaal.,

é. 147.

(14) Tatera brantsii (Smith),

Rooiberg, Waterberg District, Transvaal,

&. 378, 380, 381, 382; 2. 379.

Florida, Witwatersrand, Transvaal.

go (juv.). 3,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist, Ser. 8, Vol. iv. 32

Mr. H. L. Jameson on

(15) Tatera miliaria salsa Wrought.

Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg District, Transvaal.

Series.

These examples are from a locality situated between the

two stations from which Wroughton records his species.

This form is very near to Tatera lobengule mashone ;

indeed, my examples were first identified by Mr. Wroughton

himself as that form.

The chief difference between these two forms seems to be

the dimensions of the head and body and tail, and more

particularly the size of the skull. My examples agree in

these points more nearly with salsa than with mashone, as

may be seen from the following dimensions :—

This species is common everywhere about Tzaneen. In

one area of low-lying sandy ground, about an acre in extent,

there was a colony or warren which must have contained

some dozens of burrows, most of which were occupied by

this gerbille.

(16) Otomys trroratus (Brants).

Malvern, Natal.

2 Ale

* Average of thres specimens the dimensions of which are quoted in

Wroughton’s description (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvii. 1906,

pp. 484, 485).

| | | | Skull.

Pleads eas” gat Greatest! Basilar

tae Ena foot ame length. | length

body : ee oa

ee reel _—_— pana ——

| *Tatera lobengule mashone Wy. 1466 | 1623 | 326 22°6 39'6 30°6

* miliaria salsa Wr. ...... 125°3 | 146 29°6 19°6: | 3756 286

— Wr. (average of |

nine adult examples in my >; 132-4 | 143'5 31:4 24 37°5 28

collection), <7. sa320-Mulee |

Mammals from South Africa. 459

(17) Otomys irroratus cupreus Wrought,

Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg District, Transvaal (near type-

locality).

Series.

The female of this species carries her young about attached

to her mamma, a habit that seems to be not uncommon

‘among the smaller South-African rodents,

(18) Dendromus melanotis (Smith).

Tzaneen,

3g. 234.

(19) Dendromus jamesoni Wrought. (Ann. & Mag, Nat.

Hist. (8) iii. 1909, p. 247).

Tzaneen.

Type 2. 135. (B.M. no. 9. 1. 20. 27.)

3. 152,191; g. 149, 171, 172, 240.

Spirit g. 256.

This species may often be found in the deserted hanging

nests of weaver-birds both in the bush and in reed-beds and

“ Tambutie” grass.

(20) Steatomys pratensis Peters,

Tzaneen.

Series.

This little mammal is generally found in a nest of grass

situated in a short burrow about 12 inches in length. ‘The

entrance to the burrow is closed with earth. The natives

(Mashangaan) dig out the mice, which are always enor-

mously fat, as food,

The habits of the fat-mouse in summer are not known,

In captivity it is sluggish, coming out for a short while at

night to feed, and accumulating large quantities of grain in

its nest, to be eaten at leisure.

If a new example is introduced into a cage of Steatomys, it

is at once killed and eaten.

Specimens which 1 kept in my house at Johannesburg

showed no signs of a change of habits by the middle of

November (when they were sent to Europe), but if is probable

that a careful study of this species, which thriveyin captivity,

would reveal a period of activity in the summer.

460 Mr. H. L. Jameson on

(21) Mus chrysophilus de Wint.

Makapan’s Poort, Potgieter’s Rust, Transvaal.

3. 255.

(22) Mus chrysophilus tzaneenensis, subsp. n.

Tzaneen.

Series.

Malvern, Natal.

6. 414.

Specimens of Darling’s rat from the North-eastern Trans-

vaal and Natal are darker than examples from the type-

locality of Mus chrysophilus (Mazoe, Mashonaland).

A large series which I brought home from Tzaneen differs

so markedly from the type series in the British Museum that

I propose to apply the above name to the form frequenting

the North-eastern Transvaal. The Natal and Zululand

forms, unless they also deserve separate subspecific rank,

belong to this subspecies rather than to the type species.

Description.—Size as in the type form. Colour altogether

darker and less golden, the back being heavily pencilled

with black, so that the predominant shade is a dark chestnut-

brown, whereas that of Mus chrysophilus is tawny brown.

The ear is a little larger, and the tail perhaps a shade

shorter in proportion to the body, than in MZ. chrysophilus.

The dimensions of eight full-grown examples in my collec-

tion are as follows :—

No Sex at Tail Ae Ear.

#144, 3 142 160 28 24

120. 3 155 162 29 22

157. 3 152 162 29 21

116. 2 145 157 28 22

117 3 145 159 29 23

123..\-|. & 145 168 28 21

207. | g 146 157 28 21

162. 2 147 160 27 23

* Type.

Mammals from South Africa, 461

The dimensions of the type of M. chrysophilus de Wint.

are :—

Head and body 146 mm. ; tail 168; hind foot 28; ear 19.

Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg District, Transvaal (2500 feet).

Type g. 144. (B.M. no. 9. 7. 2. 15.)

Caught 7th July, 1907.

(23) Mus namaquensis monticularis, subsp. n.

Johannesburg, Transvaal.

Series.

Wonderfontein Caves, Potchefstroom District, Transvaal.

? (unnumbered),

On comparing a series of some two dozen skins and half a

dozen spirit-specimens of this ‘ golden rat,” which I collected

on the kopjes of the Witwatersrand around Johannesburg,

with the material in the British Museum, on which Thomas

and Wroughton based their revision of the Mus namaquensis

group (P. Z. 8. 1908, p. 548), I find that it is necessary to

create a new subspecies for the form occurring in the Southern

Transvaal.

Description.—Colour between that of Mus namaquensis

typicus and Mus namaquensis auricomus, slightly browner

than the former and less rufous than the latter. Belly

white, with slate-coloured bases to the hairs; these bases

are darker than in any other form except Jus namaquensis

centralis.

Slightly larger than any of the other forms.

Dimensions (of the type) :—

Head and body 120 mm. ; tail 157; hind foot 26; ear 20.

The tail is rather shorter in proportion to the head and

body than in the other forms, the ratio of the length of the

head and body to the length of the tail being about 10:12,

while the corresponding ratio in other forms varies from

10:13 to 10:14.

Tail-rings 11 to the cm.

Young examples are browner and less golden in colour than

adults.

Type @ (unnumbered). B.M. no. 9.7. 2.10. Johannes-

burg, 20th May, 1907.

This species is essentially a rock-rat, and is by far the

commonest rat on the stony kopjes around Johannesburg.

It makes its nest (of grass, leaves, &c.) in clefts in rocks

or in holes under boulders.

I have never found this species away from rocky ground,

whereas the allied M. chrysophilus is a veld-rat, especially

462 Mr. H, L. Jameson on

frequenting the native “ Lands” * and the scrub country of

the bush-veld.

The following table shows at a glance the distinctive

characters of the five races of Mus namaquensis which are

represented in the British Museum :—

A. Ventral hairs white to the base, or with

but slight traces of grey.

(a) Bright golden brown above, belly pure

white. (Mashonaland and Matabele- [comus de Wint.

Gana St. wn 5 ee ee ree ete M. namaquensis auri-

(5) Colour browner, with less gold. Some

examples have a trace of grey at bases (G. Sm.

: of ventral hairs. (Kuruman.) ...... M. namaquensis lehocla

B. Ventral hairs with grey bases.

(a) Bases of ventral hairs pale grey, ground-

colour above golden-yellow. (Nama-

qtisldnd) of. EAR eet. eee ree M. namaquensis Sm.

{b) Bases of ventral hairs dark slate-

colour.

fi.) Colour golden brown. (South [eularis, subsp. n.

Trarisvagloy! 5.6. <nue og eee es M. namaquensis monti-

(ii.) Colour browner, with less gold. [Schw.

(Deelfontein, Cape Colony.) ...... M, namaquensis centralis

[Mus granti Wroughton (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) i.

1908, p. 257) appears to me to be a variety (or perhaps the

young) of Mus namaquensis centralis, from the type-locality

of which species it is described.]

Apart from the size and skull-characters, rats belonging to

this group may readily be distinguished at a glance from the

southern members of the Mus chrysophilus group by their

much more hairy tails.

(24) Mus coucha A. Smith.

Wonderfontein Caves, Potchefstroom District, Transvaal.

2 (unnumbered).

Kopjes near Johannesburg.

d. 291, 391; 9 (unnumbered).

(25) Mus microdon zuluensis Thos. & Schw.

Malvern, Natal.

9. 413, 414.

Tzaneen.

Series.

* Ie, cultivated ground, as distinguished from “ Veld” or unculti-

vated ground,

Mammals from South Africa. 463

Thomas and Wroughton (P. Z. S. 1908, p. 545), in sepa-

rating Mus micrudon Peters from Mus coucha A. Smith,

express a doubt whether their Zululand form, originally

named Mus coucha zuluensis, can be retained as a subspecies

distinct from Mus microdon.

While the form from Natal and Zululand and the Eastern

and North-eastern ‘Transvaal undoubtedly belongs to the

long-tailed mcrodon group rather than to the short-tailed

coucha group, it is, I think, separable from Mus microdon on

account of its darker and more slaty colour.

Peters’s figure of Mus microdon (Reise Mossamb., Siiugeth.

Taf. xxxvi. tig. 1) depicts an almost fawn-coloured mouse, and

the series collected by Mr. Grant at Tette, the type-locality,

agree in colour with this figure. On the other hand, the

southern form, while very variable, is generally a dark grey

rat. I therefore retain the name Mus microdon zuluensis for

this form,

1 am not convinced that my series from Tzaneen may not

contain a second and larger species of multimammate rat ;

but this is such a bewildering group that its ramifications

and variations will only be thoroughly understood when a

series of breeding experiments, accompanied by observations

on colour-changes due to season and age, can be carried out

at one of the South-African museums or zoological gardens.

The multimammate rats in South Africa approach more

nearly in their habits to the imported Mus decumanus, Mus

rattus, and Mus muscu/us than any other native species,

They are found everywhere. ‘They are equally at home

on the veld and kopjes, in the bush and scrub, or living a

semi-aquatic life on the banks of streams and vleis. They

are the first rats to invade houses, and on the veld and in the

smaller dorps, before the arrival of Mus rattus and Mus decu-

manus, they are the common house-rats. Owing to the

number of young produced at a birth, they quickly became a

pest in houses.

They are unable, however, to compete with the imported

forms, and have consequently disappeared in the larger

towns, where the latter have become established.

Unlike most of the South-African species of Jus, which

are gentle and docile in captivity, and can often from the first

be handled with impunity, this species is fierce and aggressive,

biting viciously when handled, and attacking and killing the

other species (Arvicanthis, Mus namaquensis, &c.) which may

be put in the same cage.

464 Mr. H. L. Jameson oz

(26) Mus rattus Linn.

Johannesburg.

6. 4; 9. 294.

(27) Mus musculus Linn.

Johannesburg.

Pies ks

Pretoria.

9. 24.

(28) Leggada minutoides (Smith).

Johannesburg.

re bee

Tzaneen.

ie bss

It is possible that, when a Jarger number of examples is

available for comparison, the Transvaal form will have to

be separated from Leggada minutoides, the type-locality of

which is the Cape.

(29) Thamnomys dolichurus (Smuts).

Malvern, Natal.

¢ (unnumbered).

(30) Saccostomus campestris Peters.

Tzaneen.

3. 209; 2. 360, 361.

''homas treats Grant’s woodbush pouched-rat as this

species, the type-locality of which is Tette on the Zambesi.

My specimens approach more nearly to Saccostomus mashone,

de Wint.; but, until material is available for a careful

revision of the pouched-rats, it is difficult to say to which

form any example should be referred, or even to decide what

forms are worthy of specifie or subspecific rank,

- (81) Dasymys incomtus (Sund.).

Tzaneen.

Series.

(82) Arvicanthis dorsalis (Smith).

Tzaneen.

Series:

Mammals from South Africa. 465

(33) Arvicanthis pumilio (Sparrm.).

Tzaneen.

Series.

Wonderfontein, Potchefstroom District, Transvaal.

Series.

(‘The above examples have been identified by Mr. Wroughton

as belonging to the subspecies dilectus de Winton.)

Pietersburg, Transvaal.

d. 113.

Riverton, Griqualand West.

2 (spirit).

(1 make no attempt to refer either of the above single

examples to any of the numerous subspecies of this species.)

(34) Mystromys albicaudatus (Smith).

Wakkerstroom, ‘Transvaal.

Three examples, October 1903 (now in Pretoria Museum),

Wonderfontein, Potchefstroom District, Transvaal (speci-

mens now in Pretoria Museum),

I kept several examples, caught at Wonderfontein, in

captivity for some months. These examples were found

living in a warren occupied by the meerkat (Suricata suri-

catta). ‘They bred freely in captivity. The period of gesta-

tion is about thirty-seven days, and from two to five young

are produced at a birth. Apparently litter succeeds litter at

intervals of thirty-seven days throughout the entire year, as

females caught in October 1903 at Wakkerstroom and in

September 1906 at Wonderfontein were all pregnant, while in

April 1907 half-grown young and a pregnant female were

captured at Wonderfontein, and the latter, kept first at my

house and subsequently at the Pretoria Zoological Gardens,

went on breeding right through the winter.

The female carries her young about attached to her mamma,

and if one happens to become detached, picks it up in her

mouth and carries it back to the nest.

The young ones are dragged about in this manner until

about a week before the next litter is born. Reimpregnation

oceurs a few hours after the birth of the litter.

Grant has observed that cats will not eat this species

(presumably owing to a protective secretion of some kind).

‘This may account for its living with impunity among

meerkats.

Mystromys shows little fear of man when caught, and

becomes very tame and playful in captivity.

466 Mr. H. L. Jameson on

(35) Georychus hottentottus (Lesson).

Malvern, Natal.

3. 415; 9. 416. (January 1908.)

Tzaneen.

3d. 829.

(36) Georychus holosericeus Wagner.

Johannesburg.

Series.

(37) Georychus jorissent, sp. 1.

Waynek, Waterberg District, Transvaal.

9. 383, 402.

Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg District, Transvaal.

6. 213 (juv.); @. 224, 225, 226, 269, 330, 355 (juv.).

From a careful examination of the specimens in my

collection and in the British Museum, it appears that there

are at least four mole-rats, in addition to the several blesmols

and the Angolan G. bocagei, in South Africa :—

(a) In Southern Cape Colony, and up through the Coast

Belt of Natal and Zululand, as far as the Zoutpansberg,

G. hottentottus is found, with its local race G. hottentottus

talpoides Thos. in the Knysna.

(6) In the interior and on the High Veld, from Graaf

Reinet (type locality) through the Orange River Colony to

the Witwatersrand, and down into the highlands of Natal

(Estcourt), the larger and stouter G. holosericeus Wagner, is

found,

by the very closely allied G. nimrodi de Winton, which

differs mainly in its skull-characters.

(d) Finally, in the Waterberg there is a much smaller

species, which I have named after Mr. E. Jorissen, of

Johannesburg, who kindly invited me to accompany him on

one of his geological expeditions to the Waterberg, on which

occasion I obtained the type here described.

Georychus jorissent probably extends right across the

Bushveld in the Northern Transvaal, as a torm which I

cannot, from available material, distinguish from it occurs

in the Zoutpansberg, alongside of G. hottentottus, and in

Natal (Grant’s Illovo series in British Museum).

Georychus jorissent may be described as follows :—

Much smaller than G. hottentottus, with a rather warmer

colouring. Skull much smaller and slighter, zygomatic

arches rather depressed, giving the orbit a narrower outline

when seen from above.

Mammals from South Africa. 467

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 100 mm. ; tail 17; hind foot 18.

Skull: greatest length 28 ; basilar length 24; zygomatic

breadth 18 ; breadth of upper incisors at base 4; length of

upper molars in row 4:5; diastema 9°5,

Type 9. No. 402 (B.M. no. 9.7.2. 23). Waynek,

Waterberg District, Transvaal, December 1907.

The following table shows the dimensions of the various

forms referred to above :—

PS, Skull.

ro omen ies “i

a aig) ew bse | ss 3

z mia Peete. to. Pat a

Species. No. ke e a|/5|5 £ ¢ § /

SiS lSlelglElalals

(Ee | Ti SOIMIN IP | PIAL

2 ee ee ee

G. jorisseni (Waynek)...... Q.402 (Type) |100 17 | 18 28/24/18) 4 | 46/95.

- (Waynek)...... 2. 883 (Cotype) | 107 | 7a Aol ae el | 35 5 | 9

mee (Psannen).. <5. 9.330 {1115/17/18 29} 24/2114 | 5 |10

G. hottentottus (Natal) .... 2. 416 1121, 19 | 21 | 32} 26 | 93 | 45 57 i

| |

G. hottentottus talpoides ..... (Type)B.M. |126 18 21 383) 27/22)... | 55] 9 |

G. holosericeus (Joh’burg) .. d.112 1380 17 | 25 | 36 | 31 | 26|6 | 6 | ll |

| t

SG oat ves eet ex ¢ Type, BM. | .. | ...| 22) 35 | 81 | 27 |... | 66) 12 |

(88) Pedetes caffer Pallas.

Boksburg, Witwatersrand, Transvaal.

3. 375.

‘this specimen, as might be expected, is intermediate in

characters between Wroughton’s Pedetes coffer orangie from

the Orange River Colony and Pedetes caffer saline trom the

Zoutpansberg.

It agrees with the former in the lighter ground-colour, and

with the latter in having a larger proportion of black,

(39) Pedetes caffer orangie Wroughiton.

Ventersburg Road, O.R.C.

9. 5.

eee tert

468 Mr. H. L. Jameson on

(40) Thryonomys swinderenianus (Temm.).

Tzaneen.

d. 247, 353; 9. 245, 367.

(41) Lepus zuluensis Thos. & Schw:

Wonderfontein, Potchefstroom District, Transvaal.

on ae

This example extends the range of this species considerably

to the westward. Although slightly larger than Zululand

examples in the British Museum, the skull-characters and

the ears agree with those of the type specimen.

(42) Lepus ochropus Wagner.

Ventersburg Road, O.R.C.

3. 6, 8, 339, 374.

(43) Pronolagus ruddi randensis Jameson (Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist. (7) xx. 1907, p. 404).

Johannesburg.

3. 280; ¢. 108. (B.M. no. 9. 3. 2. 20.) Type.

Makapan’s Poort, Potgieter’s Rust, Transvaal.

3. 300.

The specimen from Makapan’s Poort, which may be taken

as geographically an extension of the Waterberg Mountains,

is decidedly more rufous than the type, but it would be un-

wise, in the absence of further material, to give it a distinct

name. Probably almost every isolated group of kopjes has

its own local race of Pronolagus, as the hares of this genus

seem very sedentary in their habits.

(44) Epomophorus wahlbergit Sund.

Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg District (October 1907).

ao. plas 2s oldie.

Malvern, Natal.

g. 424.

(45) Epomophorus angolensis Gray.

Tzaneen, Zoutpansberg District (June & July, 1907).

3.126; 9%. 222.

Kalomo, N.W. Rhodesia.

20. ws

— ee

Mammals from South Africa, 469

For the identification of the above two species I am in-

debted to Dr. Knud Andersen, who is studying this very

difficult genus.

It is interesting to note that while the form which occurs

at ‘l'zaneen in considerable numbers in the spring and summer

seasons (October) is the commoner South-east African form,

E. wahlbergii, the two examples obtained in the winter

months (June and July) belonged to the northern form

E angolensis, which has not hitherto been recorded from so

far south.

The specimens of £. angolensis obtained at Tzaneen were

feeding on bananas. The bats of this genus are evidently to

some extent migratory, as I am told that during the summer

months numbers of them (evidently 4. wahlbergii) arrive at

Tzaneen, where they feed largely on guavas.

In June and July 1907 only a few Epomophori were to

be seen, and the two examples obtained proved to be

E. angolensis, and not E. wahlbergit.

(46) Rhinolophus augur K. And.

Wonderfontoin Caves, Potchefstroom District, Transvaal.

Series,

Witwatersrand (Krugersdorp, Langlaagte, and Johannes-

burg). (In deserted mines and workings.)

Series.

Makapan’s Caves, Potgieter’s Rust, Transvaal.

dg. 351, 352.

‘This bat comes out later than most species, and may be

seen flitting in and out among the “ thorns” and low bushes,

seldom rising sufficiently high to allow of its being shot.

(47) Hipposiderus caffer (Sund.),

Malvern, Natal.

9. 409, unnumbered.

These two examples were caught at night with a butterfly-

net, flying under the verandah of Mr. Cecil N. Barker’s

house at Malvern,

(48) Petalia capensis (Smith).

Fountain Grove, near Pretoria,

Series.

Malvern, Natal.

Series,

470 Mr. H. L. Jameson on

(49) Pipistrellus nanus (Peters).

Malvern, Natal.

Series.

This little bat often sleeps in the tubes formed by the

young convolute leaves of the banana. No doubt the adhesive

swelling at the base of the thumb enables it to cling to the

slippery cuticle of the leaf.

(50) Pipistrellus rusticus Tomes,

T’zaneen,

2, 370,

(51) Pipistrellus kuhlit fuscatus Thos,

Malvern, Natal.

3. 423.

(52) Vespertilio capensis Smith,

Joliannesburg.

3. 12.

(Spirit-specimens from Johannesburg, Langlaagte, and

Pretoria.)

(53) Scotophilus nigrita dingani (Smith).

Malvern, Natal.

2. 410.

Shot on the wing. Flies high, flight resembling that of the

Noctule.

(54) Miniopterus natalensis (Smith).

Tzaneen.

9, 212. (July 1907.)

Wonderfontein Caves, Potchefstroom District, Transvaal.

Series (April 1907).

This species occurs in large numbers in the famous ‘ River

Cave”? at Wonderfontein, where it forms dense clusters,

numbering hundreds of individuals, in the roof of the cave,

‘These bats come out rather late. On the wing they look like

a larger species, owing to the length of the wings.

The Tzaneen specimen, which was shot on the wing, was

one of two which were seen every evening just before dark,

hawking up and down a row of Eucalyptus trees, at a height

of about 40 feet,

Mammals from South Africa. 471

(55) Mintopterus breyeri, sp. n.

I name this bat after my friend and former colleague

Dr. H. G. Breyer, Chairman of Senate of the Transvaal

University College, who accompanied me on the last of my

collecting-expeditions in the Transvaal, when the series

under description were captured,

It differs so markedly from the form inhabiting eastern

South Africa that it requires a name to itself.

I may here say that it is probable that all the South

African JJinioptert, with the exception perhaps of WV. minor,

Peters, will prove to be geographical subspecies of Jf. schret-

berst, a form originally described from Southern Europe.

Sclater’s ‘Fauna of South Africa’ treats the common

South-African Mintopterus as M., schretbersi, but this form,

which is of alight grey colour, does not appear to extend into

South Africa at all,

Description.—Size as in M. natalensis, but lighter in colour.

The hairs on the dorsal surface are reddish brown or reddish

grey, the tips with a slight tinge of red-gold, On the ventral

surtace the tips of the hairs are rather lighter, becoming almost

white in the pubic region.

The bases of the hairs are never black, as in AM. natalensis.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head ard body 56 mm, ; tail53; ear 11; tragus 6; fore-

arm 46,

Type 2. No. 398 (B.M. no. 9.7, 2. 6).

These examples were found in the great cave at Gatkoppies,

in the Waterberg District of the ‘Transvaal. There must

have been many hundreds in one small chamber, the roof of

which was black for many yards with a continuous cluster of

bats.

All the examples examined were females,

The following table sets forth, as clearly as possible, the

distinctive features of the known South-African species of

AMiniopterus :—

A. er: forearm 43-47 mm.

(a) Fur with well-marked dark brown

. or black bases,

(i.) Hairs very dark, both basally and

at tips.

(a) Larger: skull 15% mm., fore-

arm 45-46,

Type-loc. “ Interior of Caf- (1841,

fraria” (also Knysna) ...... M, dasythriv Temm.,

(8) Smaller: skull 14:7 mm., fore-

arm 43-44.

Type-loc. Knysna .,.,......, M, fraterculus Thos,

472 Mr. H. L. Jameson on

(ii.) Hairs black at the base, with light

tips.

Forearm 45-47 mm.

Type-loc. “ South Africa towards (1834,

Patel? 5.2. fic: sine ee ee eee M. natalensis Smith,

(Probably includes M. scotinus * Sund., 1847. Type-loc. “ Caffraria,”)

(4) Bases of hairs scarcely darker than

the rest of the fur, which is reddish

brown.

Forearm 45-47 mm., skull 15:5.

Type-loc, Gatkoppies, Waterberg

TSGICE Soon s cin Ree ee ohh ok M. breyeri, ap. n.

B, Smaller: forearm 37 mm.

Type-loc. Coast of Zanzibar........ M. minor Peters, 1866.

(56) Nyctinomus bocaget Seabra (Jornal de Sciencias,

Lisboa, (2) vi. 1900, pp. 84 & 127).

Potchefstroom, Transvaal,

Series (all males).

Florida, Witwatersand, Transvaal.

d. 343; 9. 344, 345.

These specimens, representing a WVyctinomus with ears

separated at their bases, are not lV. egyptiacus, and seem to

come nearest to N. bocagei, described by Seabra from Angola,

from which they may perhaps have to be separated as a

distinct form, when sufficient material from that locality is

available for comparison.

This bat occurs in the roofs of churches and other buildings,

and flies early, leaving the buildings with a swift, swallow-

like flight while it is still daylight.

(57) Erinaceus frontalis Smith.

Ventersburg Road, O.R.C,

3. 377,

Rooiberg, Waterberg District, Transvaal.

@. 404.

Common around Johannesburg and Pretoria.

* T have examined the co-type of Sundevall’s species in the British

Museum, and can see no ground for retaining it as a separate species.

The very hairy interfemoral membrane and the band of hairs on the

wing-membrane between elbow and ankle are not present in this speci-

men, but occur in a Madagascar species, wrongly referred by Dobson to

this species, but since described by Thomas as M. manavi,

etd ee es

id Se

Mammals from South Africa. 473

(58) Elephantulus rupestris jamesont Chubb (‘Annals of

the ‘Transvaal Museum,’ vol. j. p. 181).

Witwatersrand series.

Diurnal. May be seen any day hopping over the rocks on

the stony kopjes around Johannesburg. (Observatory,

Houghton Estate, Orange Grove, &c.).

Omnivorous. Thrives in captivity.

(59) Nasilio brachyrhynchus (Smith).

Tzaneen.

3. 205; ¢. 188; ¢ juv. 376.

‘These specimens are a little darker than Grant’s examples

from Klein Letaba in the British Museum, approaching more

nearly to specimens in the National Collection from Mazoe

in Mashonaland.

Frequents the open veld. Diurnal.

(60) Myosorex tenuis Thos. & Schw.

Tzaneen.

i, 2a3.

(61) Crocidura flavescens Geott.

Malvern, Natal.

3. 405.

Spirit-specimens (unnumbered).

(62) Crocidura sp. (1).

Tzaneen.

dg. 246.

(Apparently near to C. argentata, which is recorded from

Woodbush.)

(63) Crocidura sp. (2).

Tzaneen.

d. 180, 341.

| (64) Crocidura sp. (3).

Johannesburg.

3d (unnambered).

Spirit-specimen.

(The above three species cannot be safely identified, as the

material available is insufficient.)

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 33

474 Mr. G. Doilman on new

(65) Pachyura varilla Thos.

Wonderfontein, Potchefstroom District, Transvaal.

& and 2 (unnumbered).

These examples were obtained in deserted “ ant-hills ”

(termites’ nests).

(66) Amblysomus hottentottus (Smith).

Malvern, Natal.

? (unnumbered).

LIV.—Two new Species of Colobus from Central Africa,

collected by Mr. R. Grauer. By Guy Dotiman.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tue British Museum has acquired from Herr Rolle, of

Berlin, examples of the two following new species of Colobus,

obtained by Herr R. Grauer during a recent Central African

expedition.

Colobus graueri, sp. 0.

Allied to Colobus foai, Pousarg., but differmg from that

form by having a dark grey-coloured under surface to the

body.

Size and general proportions similar to C. foai. Hair soft

and rather long, measuring about 105 mm. in length on back

and sides. Superciliary stripe black, extending back as far

as ears, the hairs intermingling with the black crescentic

patches situated just anterior to the ears. Crest on top of

head bright red (between fawn no. 4 and dull brick-red

no. 4, ‘ Repertoire de Couleurs’). Cheeks and sides of neck

pale chestnut (dead leaf no. 3, ‘ Repertoire ’), getting lighter

and greyer towards the shoulders. Back of head and neck

dark reddish brown (maroon no. 2, ‘ Repertoire’); anterior

part of back blackish brown (reddish black no. 3, ‘ Reper-

toire’), grading to a chocolate colour (dark chocolate-brown

no. 3, ‘ Repertoire’) behind the shoulders. Posterior portion

of back, rump, and sides of body reddish brown (madder-

brown, no. 2, ‘ Repertoire’). Upper surface of limbs very

similar in colour to rump and sides, but rather richer (be-

tween fawn no. 4 and madder-brown no. 2, ‘ Repertoire ’).

“hh tee tlt ee td

Species of Colobus from Central Afitca. 475

Backs of hands and feet a little darker than rest of limbs.

Under surface of body greyish, chest and underside of limbs

dark slaty grey ; chin and throat silvery grey. ‘ail bright

reddish brown (between fawn no. 4 and dull brick-red no. 4,

‘ Repertoire’). Apical portion rather darker (Indian chest-

nut-red no, 4, ‘ Repertoire’) ; tip dark maroon.

Skull very broad across zygomatic region.

Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :—

Head and body 690 mm.; tail 670; hind foot 170;

ear 27.

Skull: greatest length 122°5; basilar length 80°5 ; zygo-

matic breadth 88-4; greatest breadth across orbital region

72; condylo-basilar length 91; palatilar length 389° ;

length of upper tooth-row, from front of first premolar to

back of last molar, 29°4.

Hab. Wabembeland, 80 kilometres west of the N. end of

Lake Tanganyika.

Type. Old male. Original no. 52. Collected hy R. Grauer.

This specimen differs so strikingly in colour from C. foai

that it must be regarded as representing a distinct species.

Colobus ellioti, sp. n.

Related to the foregoing species, but readily distinguished

by its red-coloured back, dark brownish hind-quarters, and

buffy under surface.

Size and general proportions similar to C. yraueri. Hair

rather shorter and harsber. General colour of back reddish,

becoming brown posteriorly. Superciliary stripe black.

Cheeks red (dark Indian red no. 3,‘ Repertoire de Couleurs’),

paler under ears (fawn no. 1, ‘ Repertoire’). Crest on head

bright red (dark Indian red no. 3, ‘ Repertoire’), Back of

head reddish chestnut (madder-brown no. 4, * Repertoire’).

Neck, shoulders, and anterior back deep mahogany-colour

(between maroon no. 4 and mahogany no. 3, ‘ Repertoire’).

Middle portion of back dark brownish red (dark chocolate-

brown no. 2, ‘ Repertoire’). Rump brownish (warm sepia

no. 1, ‘ Repertoire’). Upper surface of fore limbs and hands

red (burnt sienna no. 2, ‘ Repertoire’). Upper surface of

hind limbs very similar in colour to rump, but rather lighter

(raw umber no. 2, ‘ Repertoire’). Backs of feet brownish

black (sepia no. 3, ‘ Repertoire’). Under surface of body

buff-coloured (yellowish salmon no. 1, ‘ Repertoire’), grading

to a pale yellow posteriorly (pale yellowish flesh no. 1,

‘ Repertoire’). Chest reddish (dead leaf no. 4, ‘ Reper-

toire’). Throat yellowish red (reddish apricot no, 1,

476 Mr. O. Thomas on

‘Repertoire’). Underside of fore limbs reddish (dead leaf

no. 1, ‘ Repertoire’), richer in colour towards extremities

(dead leaf no. 3, ‘ Repertoire’). Under surface of hind

limbs very similar in colour to posterior part of belly, rather

greyer and darker towards the feet. Tail brownish black

(reddish black no. 2, ‘ Repertoire ’).

Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :—

Head and body 760 mm.; tail 650; hind foot 150;

ear 30.

Skull missing.

Hab. 90 kilometres west of the south end of Lake Albert

Edward.

Type. Adult male. Original number 96. Collected by

R. Grauer.

The red-coloured back and dark brownish hind-quarters,

together with the black tail and buffy under surface of the

body, indicate that this form must be considered quite dis-

tinct from C.graueri. From C. foaiit is easily distinguished

by its bright red back and head, and from C. niyrimanus,

Trouessart, by its red hands, dark brown hind-quarters, and

black tail.

It gives me great pleasure to name this handsome species

after Dr. D. G. Elliot, whose intimate knowledge of this

group of monkeys has been of the greatest service to me in

distinguishing these two forms.

LV.—Four new African Squirrels.

By Ouprietp THomas.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Sciurus ruwenzorii vulcanius, subsp. n.

Similar in essential characters to true ruwenzorii, but the

body browner and the extremities more rufous.

General colour above bistre-brown, finely speckled with

pale buffy. Muzzle tawny ochraceous. Under surface with

the characteristic median white streak of ruwenzorii, the

sides of the belly washed with ochraceous instead of yellow.

Inner sides of limbs ochraceous buff. Forearms (especially

along their outer edge), hands, and feet rich tawny ochraceous,

Tail with the light rings on the hairs ochraceous, passing

new African Squirrels. 477

terminally into tawny ochraceous, instead of yellow as in

ruwenzorii.

Skull and dentition as in true ruwenzorii.

Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :—

Head and body 260 mm. ; tail 260; hind foot 54; ear 19.

Skull: basal length (c.) 44; front of p‘ to back of m’

8°7.

Hab. Vulean Forest north of Lake Kivu, between Bajaka

and Kassongo.

Type. Adult female. Original number 42. Collected by

R. Grauer. Two specimens.

This subspecies is readily distinguishable from the

Ruwenzori squirrel by its more rufous limbs and darker and

less olivaceous body-colour, in these respects therefore even

more like Heliosciurus rufobrachiatus than is the typical

form.

Funisciurus carruthersi tanganyike, subsp. n.

General colour rather darker and more suffused with

ochraceous than in the typical greenish carruthersi of

Ruwenzori. Forearms and hind legs strongly suffused with

ochraceous, and the feet also but less strongly. ‘Tail-hairs

washed terminally with whitish, far lighter than their basal

rings, while in carruthersi both proximal and terminal rings

are of the same yellowish colour.

Skull and dentition as in carruthersi.

Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :—

Head and body 220 mm.; tail 200; hind foot 52; ear 19.

Front of p* to back of m’* 8:7.

Hab. Usumbura, N. end of L. Tanganyika.

Zype. Adult male. Original number “T.S. 3.” Col-

lected by R. Graner. Two specimens.

This squirrel differs from the Ruwenzori carruthersi in

very much the same way as 8S, ruwenzori vulcanius does

from its type form, although not so strongly. A darkening

of the body-colour and a reddening of the extremities are the

distinguishing features of each of these two new subspecies.

Funisciurus mandingo nigrensis, subsp. n.

Very similar to the Gambian F. mandingo, Thos.*, with

which it shares the general pale colour, reduction of rufous

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xi. p. 79 (1908).

£78 On new African Squirrels.

on sides, limbs, and feet, and other characters, but distin-

guished as follows:—General colour above, especially on

head, slightly darker. Light lateral lines better marked,

cream-coloured. Area behind ears with a much more con-

spicuous white patch, that of mandingo being small and

little obvious. Under surface white, not sharply defined

laterally, the hairs light to their bases ; in mandingo all the

hairs have slaty bases.

No external measurements available.

Skull: greatest length 45 mm.; condylo-basal length 40 ;

greatest breadth 26°5 ; front of p* to back of m’ 7-6.

Hab. Abutschi, Lower Niger, about 150 miles from mouth.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 2. 11. 10. 11. Collected

by Mr. A. J. Braham.

This squirrel is curiously more like the Gambian mandingo

than the other Nigerian members of the group. It may,

however, be readily distinguished by the white instead of

grey-based hairs of its under surface.

Funisciurus leucostigma talboti, subsp. n.

General appearance as in true leucostigma, though with

many differences in detail. Back of the same grizzled oliva-

ceous tone, but light bands white instead of buffy or ochra-

ceous, and succeeded externally by a line less distinctly

blackish. Rufous of head and limbs slightly duller than in

leucostigma, and that of flanks very much duller, approaching

tawny olive of Ridgway, though darker. On the under

suriace the colour of the flanks encroaches on each side,

nearly meeting in the middle line of the belly, and at the

same time becoming more ochraceous; chin, chest, and

groins dull whitish, the majority of the hairs with slaty

bases ; in deucostigma the under surface 1s completely white,

the hairs white to their bases. ‘Tail with its median area

below of the same dull grizzled rufous that is found in the

Sierra Leone form, leonis *, quite different from the bright

uniform rufous occurring in leucostigma.

Skull of about the same size as in leucostigma; upper

protile of brain-case much bowed.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 185 mm.; tail 1507; hind foot 44; ear 15.

Skull: greatest length 48; condylo-basal length 42 ;

greatest breadth 26°8 ; iront of p* to back of m’ 8:4,

* Thos. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xv. p. 79 (1905).

+ The tail is now 180 mm. in length, and the number above given is

perhaps a lapsus calami.

On the Phylogeny of the Amphidiscophora. 479

Hab. Oban, Eastern Southern Nigeria. Alt. 600/.

Type. Adult male. Original number 7. Collected 13th

August, 1909, by Mr. P. A. Talbot.

The brownish or ochraceous belly of this form will readily

distinguish it from its ally the white-bellied F. leucostigma,

as also will the dull-coloured median area of its tail.

I have provisionally placed nigrensis as a subspecies of

mandingo, and talboti of leucostigma, but it is quite impossible

until immensely larger series are available to say how far

these allocations are likely to prove correct. It is a com-

promise between the old idea that all members of such a

group as the present might be considered to be subspecies of

the parent form, and the practice of some of the American

zoologists, who appear to restrict the use of trinomials to

such forms as no one but the author can distinguish, and he

only in certain lights.

LV1I.—On the Phylogeny of the Amphidiscophora.

~ By R. KIRKPATRICK.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE division by F. E. Schulze of the order Hexactinellida

into the two suborders Amphidiscophora and Hexasterophora

was a great step in advance of previous classifications.

There are no known transitions between the two great groups.

In several respects the Amphidiscophora have remained in

a more primitive condition. ‘There is no evidence to show,

however, that one group has arisen from the other, and conse-

quently a bifurcation of the main stem is assumed. The

primary and essential character of the Amphidiscophora ‘is

the presence of amphidisks ; what appears to be a second

character is the existence of genuine microhexactins (figs. 4, 5),

which do not exist, so far as I have observed, in the Hexastero-

phora. (The small hexactins forming part of the framework

in Dictyonine sponges are not here regarded as micro-

hexactins.) All so-called “ derived hexactins ” in Hexastero-

phora are hexasters with a single end ray to each main ray,

and have the axial canals terminating abruptly not far from

the centre of the spicule (fig. 3) *.

* This is one reason among others for avoiding the use of the “actin”

terminology in describing these spicules, and for using the “ aster” suffix.

In the Report on the ‘ Discovery’ Hexactinellida L have proposed the

term moohexaster (7, e. monoxyhexaster, monodiscohexaster).

480 Mr. R. Kirkpatrick on the

The Amphidiscophoran hexadisk is a hexaster with end

rays * turned down towards the main rays; in the Hexastero-

phora, on the other hand, the end rays of the hexaster are

directed upwards away from the main rays.

main ey

X%480

end ray

Fig. 1.—Dermal surface of Hyalonema tulipa, F. E. Sch., x 50 (after

F. E. Schulze), showing vertical orientation of amphidisks.

Fig. 2.—Hexadisk of Monorhaphis chuni, F. E. Sch. (after F. E. Schulze).

Fig. 3.—Monoxyhexaster of Bathydorus uncifer, F. E. Sch., with axiai

canals only in main rays, and not continued into end rays. x 480.

Fig. 4.—True microhexactin of Hyalonema divergens, F, E.Sch. x 300.

Fig. 5.—Part of same, examined in glycerine, to show axial canal ex-

tending the whole length of ray. Xx 1400.

What are the causes which have brought about these funda-

mental differences? ‘The Hexactinellid sponge consists of a

* It may be objected that the structure at the end of the ray ofa

hexadisk is a disk with a peripheral ring of teeth, which should not

be compared with end rays of a hexaster; but it is here maintained

that the teeth round the periphery of the swollen end of the main rays of

a hexadisk are essentially of the same nature as the teeth or spines

or end rays at the end of the main rays—also often swollen into capitula

—of Hexasterophoran hexasters. The disks of Hexasterophoran disco-

hexasters belong to a third order, and their teeth might be regarded as

rays of a third order. The disks and rays of amphidisks belong to a

second order, and the main rays of hexasters and amphidisks to a first

order.

Phylogeny of the Amphidiscophora, 481

delicate cup-shaped syncytial network, with the gastral layer

suspended midway between outer and inner layers of dermal

reticulum ; large hexactins or their derivatives form the main

scaffolding, and small ones support and keep open the delicate

meshes of the network.

To understand the origin of the hexasters with turned-

down end rays (hexadisks) and of the hexasters with

turned-up end rays (hexasters proper) we must seek for the

cause in the structure of the sponge reticulum. Amphidisks

(i. e. reduced hexadisks) are mainly distributed about the

bounding surfaces (fig. 1), which usually have a papyraceons

texture. Amphidisks are adapted for keeping apart parallel

membranous lamin of sponge reticulum ; and hexasters, for

maintaining in an expanded state cubical areas of delicate

sponge reticulum by prodding out the strands of the network

by means of their end rays.

Obviously the hexadisks would soon become reduced to

diactin spicules, for the four tangential rays would be acting

in the void. Hexadisks still persist in Monorhaphis dives,

F. E. Sch. (fig. 2), and now and then as sports in other species

—a reversion to an earlier and less efficient condition.

The amphidisk teeti, with all their wonderful develop-

ments, have arisen in response to the necessity for keeping

the spicule orientated at right angles to the opposing planes

of tissue, and of restoring it to its position when displaced.

They serve, in fact, as the points d’appui for bands of con-

tractile tissue passing from the parallel planes to the teeth.

A simple wooden model of an amphidisk placed between two

sheets of elastic, and with threads of elastic passing from

holes in the periphery of the disks to the elastic sheets, will

demonstrate the utility of the balancing fibres, for without

them it is difficult to keep the spicule vertical or to restore it

when out of place *.

Some abnormal or exceptional forms of amphidisk are

* Dwellers in earthquake countries might, perhaps, with advantage

follow the methods adopted by the Amphidiscophoran sponge, for in each

case there is the same problem to solve. The amphidisk has to keep

apart lamine, to be vertically orientated, and to be readily restored to its

position when displaced. Similarly, in cases where the earth-pellicle is

unstable, the house has to be kept upright, and floor and roof kept apart.

The inhabitants, then, should become “ Amphidiscoeci” or dwellers in

amphidisks. The design would consist of a gigantic amphidisk in a

cubical scaffolding, with jointed iron staples passing from the teeth of

the disks to the upper and lower planes of the scaffolding ; there would

be a domed roof, and the polar area of the lower disk would fit into a

wide socket. ‘The walls could be made of some strong light material,

such as papier-maché, in larged framed plaques jointed together.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 34

482 Mr. R. Kirkpatrick on the

especially interesting from the point of view of the theory

here set forth. The Z-shaped paradise spicules found in

Flyalonema investigatoris*, F. EK. Sch., and in H. alcockt,

F. E. Sch., appear to have resulted from a pulling of the

reticular lamina in opposite directions; the stress had the

effect of pulling the disk-forming portion of the scleroblast to

one side and preventing the development of the teeth along

one edge.

Hyalonema lamella, F. E. Sch., exhibits an anomalous

condition in having the macramphidisks scattered about in

the parenchyma, in place of being vertically orientated at the

surface. By way of explanation, it is suggested that this

condition has arisen owing to the change in shape of the

body. A typical Hyalonema is cup-shaped, and the con-

centric surface-layers of contractile laminar reticulum with

their vertical amphidisks might be compared to a taut bow;

but a curved lamella could only be compared to a relaxed

bow with all the arrows discharged into the parenchyma.

Other instances of loss of orientation and scattering of

amphidisks in the parenchyma are found in H. globiferum,

H. solutum, H. rapa, F. E. Sch., but the great rule is that

these spicules are vertically orientated at surfaces.

In normal amphidisks there is often a thickening at the

centre of the axis ; this may be partly due to the fact that

the centre is or was the meeting-point of three axes, but the

swelling often obviously results from the squeezing by the

opposing lamine of network.

Since there are reasonable grounds for assuming a bifurca-

tion of the Hexactinellid main stem, it becomes a matter for

speculation to consider what were the characters of the

common ancestor of the Amphidiscophora and Hexastero-

phora. The data for this inquest are furnished by the

present-day sponges of those suborders. The hexasters and

amphidisks have arisen in response to the need for keeping

open the meshes of a contractile network or for keeping apart

layers of network. Accordingly it may be assumed that the

Ur-Hexactinellid was a cup-shaped body with a dermal reti-

culum possessed of two tendencies or potentialities. On the one

hand, it tended to form concentric lamine at its outer surface.

In response to this condition the microscleral hexactins at

the surface acquired broad rounded ends, with a peripheral

ring of spines which had a shaftward or centripetal direction

impressed upon them; the tangential axes would soon

* F. E. Schulze, “Hexactinelliden des Indischen Oceanes, 1894:

I. Theil. Hyalonematiden,” Abhand. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1894, pl. vii.

figs, 4,4, 11-16.

Phylogeny of the Amphidiscophora. 483

disappear, and the remaining axis would become vertically

orientated.

Turning to the Hexasterophoran tendency, we may suppose

that the body reticulum remained delicate and uniform and

did not assume a tendency to gather into strongly contractile

bands. Accordingly the slight centripetal pressure of the

contractile strands would not have the effect of bending back

the end rays, which would grow outwards away from the

main rays, and, further, all six rays would be needed in a

uniform cubical—as distinct from laminate—reticulum.

Although it would seem probable that a laminar condition

would arise out of a uniform cubical condition of dermal

reticulum, yet the Amphidiscophora, in several respects, would

appear to be more primitive than the Hexasterophora.

As Minchin * has pointed out, the collar-cell layer in the

former is nearer to the homoccelous state than in the latter.

Further, the skeleton is constructed on a simpler plan, @. e. of

a cubical framework formed from regular hexactins, and,

lastly, the microhexactins remain in the condition of simple

hexactins.

In the Hexasterophora, the hexasters have developed disks

of a third order at the ends of end rays, and there are no

true microhexactins, the so-called “ derived hexactins”’ being

true hexasters, in which each main ray has one end ray.

Leaving out of account for a moment the fact that the

amphidisk is a diaster or didiscaster, the two great groups

might alternatively, but less aptly, have been named Micro-

hexactinophora and Hexasterophora: for in the first the

microscleres, apart from the amphidisks, are all hexactins,

and hexasters are never found; in tlie second the microscleres

are all hexasters, and there appear to be no microhexactins.

It might be supposed that pinular Hexasterophora (Asco-

nema &c.) are nearer to Amphidiscophora than are the non-

pinular Hexasterophora ; even so, the pinular Hexasterophora

all have hexasters and are devoid of microhexactins. It is

conceivable that an Amphidiscophoran might lose its amphi-

disks ; its true character would probably then be betrayed

by the presence of true microhexactins.

In Amphidiscophora there would be, for obvious reasons, a

tendency to atrophy of the proximal ray of autodermal and

autogastral hexactins, thus giving rise to pinuli, for these rays

could not prevail against the concentric lamina, but would be

su scsi: or reduced to mere buttons, as we frequently see.

exasterophora with pinuli (Asconema &c.) might be

* E. A. Minchin, “ A Speculation on the Phylogeny of the Hexacti-

nellid Sponges,” Zool. Anzeig. 1905, xxviii. pp. 489-448,

484 Bibliographical Notice.

regarded either as being derived from Amphidiscophora by

loss of amphidisks, modification of microhexactins into

hexasters, and higher development of the choanosom, or

simply as Hexasterophora which have developed pinuli ; the

latter seems the more likely hypothesis.

Specimens of Amphidiscophora would require to be fixed

suitably at the moment of capture, in order to show the

delicate contractile protoplasm with the spicules am situ. In

ordinary museum specimens I have invariably found the

tissues much contracted, leaving the bare convex distal heads

of the amphidisks exposed on the surface.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE.

Memoirs of the Indian Museum.—Vol. Il. No. 2. An Account of the

Indian Cirripedia Pedunculata.—Part I. Fam. Lepadide (sensu

stricto), Plates VI-VLII. By N. Annanpatz, D.Sc. Published

by Order of the Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. 1909.

Two Rupees.

Dr. ANNANDALE has done much more than give a mere list o

species in this most valuable and interesting memoir, for he has

touched upon many themes that deserve far closer attention than

they have hitherto received.

Confining himself in the present contribution to the Pedunculata,

he points out the difficulties of his task, owing to the fact that there

are few groups which afford so many or such perfect instances of

convergence or adaptive resemblance. With such material the

formation of a natural system of classification—a system based on

descent—is well nigh impossible. He gives some interesting

illustrations of this fact, selecting as the best example among the

Lepadide Pecilasma kempferi, which occurs in its typical form in

Japan and in the South Pacific, but is represented by subspecies in

several different parts of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans,

Some extremely interesting facts on life-history are to be found

in Dr. Annandale’s notes on the several genera herein described.

Thus, of the genus Dichelaspis he tells us that with one exception

the species thereof affix themselves on settling down in life to the

bodies of hard-shelled Crustaceans ; but the exception—D. grayi—

chooses the skin of sea-snakes.

Space forbids more than a very brief notice of this most inter-

esting memoir, which should prove a very welcome addition to

carcinological literature.

An. be Mag. Nat. Hist. S8&VollV.PU.VI.

LS. 15a.

AH Searle, del et hth Huth ump

NEW SPECIES OF SOUTH AFRICAN MOLLUSCA.

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

[EIGHTH SERIES. }

- No. 24. DECEMBER 1909.

LVII.—Deseriptions of Nine Species of Ennea and Five

Helicoids, all from South Africa. By James Cosmo

Metvitt, M.A., “D.Sc. F.L.S., and Joun Henry

Ponsonsy, F.Z.S.

[Plate VIII.]

Ir is nearly two years since our last paper * upon the non-

marine Molluscan fauna of the South-African region was

published. Since then one or two new collectors have

energetically started in the field, notably Captain Connolly,

whilst others, such as Mr. J. Farquhar, are still as successful

as ever in prosecuting researches which result invariably in

important and valuable discoveries. Amongst these the

following fourteen species have been kindly placed in our

hands for description. No less than nine species of Ennea

are here included, mostly of smaller size than usual, and

also a few Helicoids. With regard to some of these last

we hope before very long to be able to give particulars of

their anatomy.

Ennea callista, sp.n. (Pl. VITI. fig. 1.)

E. testa minuta, tenui, omnino pellucida, levissima, nitida, vitrea,

eylindriformi ; anfractibus ad 64, apice perobtuso, ceteris fere

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. i. pp. 129-136 (Feb. 1908),

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 35

486 Dr. J. C. Melvill and Mr. J. H. Ponsonby on

rectis, ultimo prolongato, longitudine ceteros exeequante ; aper-

tura ovata, peristomate albo, plicis dentibusve quinque predito,

plica parietali prominula, dente labiali squarrose obtuso, basali

minuto, celumellari parvo, obtuso, plica columellari omnino

interna,

Alt. 2°75, diam. 1 mm.

Hab. Dassy Krantz, Grahamstown (J. Farquhar).

A remarkably beautiful but very minute form, conspicuous

for its extreme smoothness and glassy appearance. ‘The

whorls are 64 in number, the apex being exceedingly obtuse,

while the prolonged body-whorl is conspicuous. The peri-

stome is endowed with five teeth or plaits, there being a

columellar tooth situate just above the wholly internal

plication.

The alliance of this species is with E. columnella and

cimolia, M. & P. From the former it differs in smaller size,

ovate as against rounded aperture, larger and squarer labial

tooth, while columnella is not so large, with bifid labial tooth,

and mamillate columellar plait produced superficially.

Ennea connollyi, sp.n. (Pl. VIII. fig. 2.)

E. testa parva, cylindrica, subrimata, fortiter scrobiculata, versus

apicem perobtusa; anfractibus 7, ad suturas constrictis, tribus

apicalibus planatis, simplicibus, ceteris arcte rectiliratis, liris

crassis, fortibus; apertura angusta, peristomate oblongo, sub-

auriformi, albo, quinque plicis dentibusve instructo, plica parietali

conspicua, curta, protrusa, labiali magna, incrassata, dente basali

parvo, columellari simili, plica columellari omnino interna,

mammeformi, aperturam fere claudente.

Alt. 3, diam. 1 mm.

Hab. Majuba, Transvaal (Connolly).

A compact and particularly neat species, with which we

have much satisfaction in uniting the name of its discoverer.

Its nearest ally would seem to be £. arnoldi, Sturany, ap-

proaching in form nearest to the var. elongata, Stur., and

differing mainly in the arrangement and_ proportionate

magnitude of the columellar teeth and plaits.

Ennea crispula, sp.n. (Pl. VILL. fig. 3.)

£. testa minuta, cylindrica, rimata, scrobiculata; anfractibus ad 7,

quorum apicalis perlevis, obtusissimus, ceteris tumidulis, ad

suturas multum impressis, undique pulcherrime et fortiter obliqui-

striatis; apertura rotunda, peristomate incrassato, albo, nitido,

dentibus plicisve quatuor instructo, plica parietali forti, dente

Species of Ennea and Helicoids from South Africa. 487

labiali conspicue bifido, basali acuto, plica columellari interna,

mammeformi,

Alt, 3°25, diam, 1 mm.

Hab, Grahamstown (per Hugh Fulton).

Conspicuous for its tumid whorls, beautifully and strongly

striate, and its barrel-like form. Allied to 2. caryatis, nobis,

from which it differs in lesser altitude, more conspicuous

ventricosity of whorl, and round peristome, the disposition of

plaits and teeth seeming much the same in both species.

LEnnea eshowensis, sp.n. (Pl. VILL. fig. 4.)

E. testa rimata, perobtusa, cylindrica, alba, nitida; anfractibus ad 8,

apicalibus inclusis rotundo-obtusis, apud suturas paullum im-

pressis, supernis gradatulis, tribus ultimis fere rectis, undique

longitudinaliter delicate arcuato-striatis; apertura fere rotunda,

peristomate albo, nitido, incrassato, plicis dentibusve quatuor

instructo, plica parietali paullum prominente, acuta, acinaciformi,

dente labiali bifido, inferiore majore, basali parvo, acuto, plica

columellari interna, mammeformi.

Alt. 5°5, diam. 2-75 mm.

Hab. Eshowe, Zululand.

Comparable with /. énstabilis, Stur., and 2. obovata, Pfr.

(=ampullacea, Siur.), but differing in form, striation, and

other particulars. A very handsome little species, broad

proportionally to its stature.

Ennea euschemon, sp.n. (Pl. VIII. fig. 5.)

E. testa cylindracea, albo-cinerea, versus apicem obtusa; anfracti-

bus ad 8, omnibus obliquistriatis, striis arctis, tenuibus, ultimo

rectistriato, sutura lineari; apertura lunari, peristomate incras-

sato, albo, nitente, dentibus plicisve tribus preedito, plica parietali

acinaciformi, conspicua, acuta, dente labiali acuto, plica colu-

mellari nequaquam conspicua vel fere evanida.

Alt. 10, diam. 5 mm.

Hab. Transvaal (Connolly).

This beautiful species differs from 2. eximia, M. & P., in two

articulars. Firstly, in the absence of the small upper labial

tooth situate close to the parietal plait. When this latter

(eximia) was figured * the artist unfortunately omitted to

represent this important feature, and accordingly we are

giving another delineation now for sake of comparison with

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. [Tist. ser, 7, vol. i, p. 28, pl. viii. fig. 8 (1898).

35*

488 Dr. J. GC. Melvill and Mr. J. H. Ponsonby on

the new form (fig. 6). Secondly, #. ewschemon differs in the

extension of the parietal plait some little distance up the

body-whorl, beyond the point of insertion of the outer lip.

Ennea hypsoma*,sp.n. (Pl. VIII. fig. 7.)

E. testa minuta, alba, vitrea, breviter cylindrica; anfractus ad 6,

quorum apicales duo obtusi, planati, ceteris tumidulis, apud

suturas impressis, longitudinaliter undique arcte tenuistriatis,

striis fere rectis; apertura ovato-oblonga, peristomate pro magni-

tudine pererasso, plicis dentibusve tribus (vel interdum quatuor)

predito, plica parietali magnopere prominula, acuta, dente labiali

crasso, obtuso, plica columellari omnino interna, magna, aper-

turam fere claudente, dente basali fere evanido, in specimine

typico perparvo et obscuro.

Alt. 2, diam. ‘075 mm. (sp. maj.).

Hab. Bathurst (J. Farquhar).

This species and EZ. pertploca are among the most minute

Ennee described, and yet their plications and teeth are more

wonderfully disposed than in many of the larger forms of the

genus. The particularly prominent parietal plait, projecting

well over the plane of the orifice, has suggested the trivial

name of this elaborate little shell, whose alliance is, we think,

to be traced with the much larger and coarser EL. leppani,

Sturany.

Ennea oppugnans, sp.n. (Pl. VIII. fig. 8.)

E. testa breviter cylindrica, obscure rimata, albo-pellucida, nitida,

tenui; anfractibus 6, apicali subplanato, supernis tumescentibus,

ad suturas impressis, undique tenuiter obliquistriatis, striis

interdum fere evanidis, interdum fortibus; apertura oblonga,

peristomate albo, nitido, crassiusculo, reflexo, plicis dentibusve

quatuor munito, plica parietali prominula, acinaciformi, acuta,

perintrante, dente labiali crasso, bifido, basali interno, parvo,

plica columellari omnino interna, aperturam centralem fere

claudente.

Alt. 2°75, diam. 1 mm.

Hab. Bathurst, near Grahamstown (Farquhar).

A small species, smaller than, but of much the same

build as, H. connollyi described in this paper; the mouth-

processes are very complicate; the columellar plait, wholly

internal, spreads centrally, almost closing the orifice. There

is a small basal tooth at some little distance below the bifid

* UvWoua, an elevation.

Species of Ennea and Lelicotds from South Africa, 489

labial, while the parietal plait is prominent, acute, and deeply

seated. It is comparable with /. labyrinthea, M. & P. (Ann.

& Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. xvi. p. 479, pl. xviil. figs. 7, 8,

1895), but is larger, and possesses a whorl at least more, while

the peristomatal plicee are even more elaborate in labyrinthea.

Ennea parallela, sp.n. (PI. VIII. fig. 9.)

E. testa vitrea, tenui, recte cylindrica, angusta, obscure et evanide

tenuistriata ; anfractibus 7, apice perobtuso, supernis tumidis,

tribus ultimis fere rectis, ad suturas impressis, ultimo pro rata

parte parvo; apertura rotunda, peristomate levi, albo, haud

multum incrassato, dentibus plicisve quatuor instructo, plica

parietali acuta, intrante, dente labiali inconspicue bifido, basali

minuto, plica columellari contorta, magna.

Alt. 4, diam. 1 mm. (sp. maj.).

Hab. Grahamstown (J. Farquhar).

We have selected as the type of this small Znnea a speci-

men slightly more elongate in form than the few others yet

seen by us, because it appears to be quite adult and in espe-

cially good condition. The others are proportionately shorter

and more delicately striate ; these striae seem evanescent, and

have indeed almost disappeared in the well-grown type. We

do not know any species very nearly akin to this. It

resembles Z. crispula, described in this paper, in form and

disposition of peristomatal processes, but is abundantly

distinct in texture and other particulars. Z. marie, M. & P.,

from Somerset East, may perhaps likewise be compared.

Ennea periploca*,sp.n. (Pl. VIII. fig. 10.)

E. testa minuta, dolioliformi, delicata, vitrea ; anfractibus 6, quorum

apicales obtusissimi, leeves, vitrei, caeteris longitudinaliter arcte

tenuistriatis, striis fere rectis, apud suturas impressis, ventrico-

sulis ; apertura ovato-oblonga, peristomate crasso, nitido, albo,

plicis dentibusve quatuor intricate munito, plica parietali promi-

nula, acuta, haud multum intrante, dente labiali magno, promi-

nulo, basali elongatulo, conspicuo, plica columellari omnino

. interna, magna, aperturam semiclaudente.

Alt. 2°15, diam. 1 mm.

Hlab. Boschberg Mt., Somerset East (J. Farquhar).

As the name would imply, the peristomatal processes of

this very refined little species are indeed involved and promi-

nent. It is one of the smallest species known to us and one

* repim\oxos, intricate,

490 Dr. J.C. Melvill and Mr. J. H. Ponsonby on

of the most elaborate in its architecture. The different

character of the labial tooth separates it from columne/la,

M. & P., while montana possesses another whorl at least

and is altogether larger. Indeed, it is hardly comparable

with these or their immediate allies. -The mouth is differently

formed from hypsoma, described in this paper ; indeed, these

two stand together as most interesting additions to this

wonderfully varied genus.

Helicarion pumilio, sp.n. (Pl. VIII. fig. 11.)

H., testa parva, planulata, succineata, tenui, breviter obscure perfo-

rata; anfractibus 3, quorum apicalis submamillatus, nitidus,

suturis impressis, ultimo anfractu effuso; apertura late lunari,

peristomate tenuissimo, marginem super columellarem obseurissime

reflexo.

Alt. 4, diam. 7 mm.

Hab. Zoutpansberg, Transvaal.

At once distinguished from all South-African congeners

yet known to us by its small size. The anatomical details of

this species, as well as the next, are at present unknown, but

the shells of both seem distinct enough to warrant description.

Helicarion russofulgens, sp.n. (PI. VIII. fig. 12.)

H. testa elliptica, pervitrea, angustissime perforata: anfractibus 4,

quorum apicales lente subconici, ad suturas impressis, nitidis,

tota superficie late succineata, ultimo supra medium (in typo)

obscure transversim rubro-fasciato; apertura magna, rotundo-

lunari, peristomate tenuissimo.

Alt. 6, diam. 11 mm.

Hab. Eshowe, Zululand; also what appears to be the

same species from Hilton Road, Maritzburg, Natal.

A very beautiful, shining, glassy, reddish-yellow species,

the body-whorl (in the type specimen) obscurely once-banded

above the periphery, but some examples are plain. Aperture

large, roundly lunate, We cannot compare it closely to any

other South-African species ; the dark amber colour is note-

worthy and the form peculiar, The surface of the body-

whorl, at first sight appearing smooth, is in reality somewhat

malleate and irregularly obliquely scratched.

Natalina lightfootiana, sp.n. (Pl. VIII. fig. 13.)

NV. testa ovata, cinereo-alba, epidermide cornea contecta, tenui,

parum nitida, profunde sed anguste umbilicata; anfractibus ad

Species of Ennea and Lelicoids from South Africa. 491

43-5, quorum apicales paullulum exserti, apud suturas impressis,

ventricosulis, undique longitudinaliter rudistriatis, striis obliquis,

irregularibus ; apertura rotundo-lunari, peristomate tenui, supra

umbilicum fortiter triangulatim reflexo, columella ipsa perobliqua.

Alt. 15, diam. 19 mm,

Hab. Zwellendam, Cape Colony (R, M. Lightfoot).

Without any very tangible characters, this compactly

formed Natalina seems perfectly distinct from any other

member of the genus. It may to some recall, of course only

superficially, certain Australian species of the genus Badistes.

We have much pleasure in connecting with this interesting

mollusk the name of Mr. Lightfoot, of the South African

Museum, Capetown, by whom it was collected.

Zingis thermarum, sp.n. (Pl. VIII. fig. 14.)

Z. testa conico-depressa, sat anguste sed profunde umbilicata, vivide

fusca, subtus pallidiore ; anfractibus 5, quorum apicalis planatus,

levis, ceteris ad suturas profunde impressis, oblique irregulariter

striolatis, ultimo anfractu apud peripheriam obtuse carinato ;

apertura anguste lunari, peristomate tenui, marginem ad colu-

mellarem vix reflexo.

Alt. 3, diam. 16 mm,

Hab. Warmbath, Pretoria, Transvaal (Connolly, who

possesses a good series of the species).

A dark dun-coloured Zingis, to some extent comparable

with Z. arnotti, Bens., also from South Africa (fig. 16), from

which it differs in several particulars, such as colour and

texture, being a thicker and browner shell, with aperture also

narrower, and more distinct umbilicus. ‘The spire, too, is more

conically depressed and the whorls narrower proportionally.

Trachycystis connollyt, sp.n. (Pl. VIII. fig. 15, 15 a.)

7’. testa parva, conica, tenui, profunde sed anguste umbilicata,

pallide brunnea; anfractibus 43, quorum apicalis nitidas, per-

obtusus, levis, ceteris ventricosis, apud suturas multum impressis,

undique longitudinaliter arcte obliquistriatis, striis irregularibus ;

» apertura rotunda, peristomate tenui, paullum supra umbilicum

reflexo,

Alt. 3, diam. 4 mm.

Hab. Montagu, 50 miles from Zwellendam, Cape Colony

(Connolly). .

A very curious species, though small, and quite unlike any

form hitherto described of which we are cognizant. It may

prove not to belong to T'rachycystis.

492 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII.

Fig. 1. Ennea callista.

Fig. 2. connollyt.

Fig. 3. —— crispula.

Fig. 4. eshowensis.

Fig. 5. euschemon,

Fig. 6. —— eximia, M. & P.

Fig. 7. —— hypsoma.

Fig. 8. oppugnans.

Fig. 9. parallela.

Fig. 10. periploca.

Fig. 11. Helicarion pumilio.

Fig. 12 russofulgens.

1g. 13. Natalina lightfootiana,

Fig. 14. Zingts thermarum.

Figs. 15, 15a. Trachycystis connollyt.

Fig. 16. Zingis arnotti, Benson.

LVII1.—Descriptions of Four new Frogs and a new Snake

discovered by Mr. H, Sauter in Formosa. By G. A.

BouLenGcer, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Rana adenopleura.

Vomerine teeth in two small oblique groups between the

choanz. Head moderate, as long as broad; snout obtusely

pointed, prominent, as long as the orbit ; canthus rostralis

obtuse; loreal region oblique, concave; nostril equally

distant from the eye and from the end of the snout ; inter-

orbital region nearly as broad as the upper eyelid ; tympanum

very distinct, two-thirds to three-fourths the diameter of the

eye. Fingers slender, with slightly swollen tips, first

extending slightly beyond second; toes slender, half-webbed,

the tips dilated into small but distinct disks ; subarticular

tubercles moderate; a small oval inner metatarsal tubercle

aud sometimes a rounded outer one at the base of the fourth

toe. ‘The tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the tip of the

snout or between the eye and the tip of the snout. Skin

smooth; a moderately broad, very prominent, dorso-lateral

glandular fold. Greyish brown above, with or without darker

spots and marblings, with or without a light vertebral line;

a more or less distinct dark band on each side of the head,

passing through the eye; a whitish streak along the upper

lip ; dorso-lateral fold dark-edged; limbs with dark cross-

bais ; hinder side of thighs yellowish, spotted or marbled with

Frogs and a new Snake from Formosa. 493,

brown or black; lower parts white, throat sometimes

brownish. Male with an internal vocal sac on each side and

a very large flat gland on each side of the body, above and

behind the shoulder, as in A. pleuraden.

From snout to vent 55 mm.

Several specimens from Fuhacho village, altitude abcut

4000 feet.

Agrees very closely with R. pleuraden, Blgr., from Yunnan,

but differs in the distinctly dilated tips of the toes.

Rana sautert.

Vomerine teeth in two strong oblique series extending

considerably beyond the level of the posterior border of the

choane. Head moderate, as long as broad ; snout rounded,

not prominent, as long as the eye; canthus rostralis obtuse ;

loreal region not very oblique, slightly concave ; nostril a

little nearer the end of the snout than the eye; interorbital

region a little narrower than the upper eyelid; tympanum

very distinct, two-thirds to three-fourths the diameter of the

eye, narrowly separated from the latter. Fingers slender,

with distinctly swollen tips, first and second equal or first

extending very slightly beyond second; toes slender, three-

fourths webbed, the tips dilated into small but distinct disks ;

subarticular tubercles large and prominent; a small oval

inner metatarsal tubercle and a smaller round tubercle at the

base of the fourth toe. The tibio-tarsal articulation reaches

the tip of the snout or a little beyond. Skin smooth or

finely shagreened above; a very narrow dorso-lateral glan-

dular fold. Pale grey or greyish brown above, uniform or

with small brown or black spots ; a more or less distinct dark

bar between the eyes ; sometimes a dark A between the

shoulders ; a dark brown or black canthal streak and a large

temporal spot of the same colour covering the tympanum;

limbs with dark cross-bars; lower parts white, throat and

breast closely spotted or marbled with grey or brown. Male

unknown.

Total length 57 mm.

Five specimens from Kanshirei Village, altitude about

2000 feet.

But for the less oblique loreal region and the dilated toes,

this species resembles strikingly 2. japonica, Blgr. It is

also allied to R. mortenseni, Bigr., which differs in a stouter

habit, a much thicker and more prominent dorso-lateral fold,

and in the lighter colour of the tympanum, &. sautert

furnishes another interesting link between the “ Rane tem-

porarie ” and the “ Hylorane.”

494 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new

Rhacophorus robustus.

Vomerine teeth in two strong oblique series between the

choanze, narrowly separated from each other and nearly

touching the inner front edge of the latter. Head rather

large, not much depressed, as long as broad; snout rounded

or subacuminate, slightly projecting beyond the lower jaw;

canthus rostralis obtuse, loreal region concave; nostril equally

distant from the eye and the end of the snout; interorbital

space narrower than the upper eyelid; tympanum mode-

rately distinct, about half the diameter of the eye. Fingers

moderately long, with a rudiment of web, the disks as large

asthe tympanum. ‘Toes moderate, entirely or nearly entirely

webbed, the disks a little smaller than those of the fingers ;

inner metatarsal tubercle small, oval, moderately prominent.

The tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the eye or the nostril;

tibia about half as long as head and body. Skin smooth or

shagreened above, granular on the sides, on the belly, and

under the thighs ; a strong oblique glandular fold from the

eye to the shoulder. Greyish or brownish above, uniform or

with darker variegations, sometimes with scattered white

dots; a more or less distinct dark area between the eyes,

sharply defined in front; limbs with or without dark cross-

bars; groin and sides of thighs with dark marblings, or

marbled with blackish, or black with yellow spots; lower

parts white. Male with an internal vocal sac.

Total length 75 mm.

Several specimens from Kankau (sea-level), Alikang

(about 3000 feet), and Kosempo (about 5000 feet).

Closely allied to &. buergert, Schleg., but distinguished by

the presence of a rudiment of web between the fingers. |

Microhyla steinegeri.

Habit rather stout. Snout truncate, a little shorter than

the orbit, projecting beyond the mouth; interorbital space

much broader than the upper eyelid; choanze very large, no

ridge between them. Fingers and toes moderately slender,

blunt, not dilated into disks; first finger a little shorter than

second; subarticular and palmar tubercles very strong; a

rounded inner metatarsal tubercle ; a very slight rudiment of

web between the toes. ‘Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching the

temple; tibia not half the length of head and body. Skin

smooth ; an oblique fold from the eye to the arm. Dark

grey, spotted or treckled with black ; sides of head and limbs

with lichen-like light variegations ; a black streak from the

end of the snout to the fore limb, passing through the eye ;

Frogs and a new Snake from Formosa. 495

lower parts dirty white, more or less dotted or spotted with

brown. Male with an internal vocal sac and the throat

black.

Total length 30 mm.

Five specimens from Kanshirei.

This very distinct species is named after Dr. L. Stejneger,

the author of a valuable monograph of the Reptiles and

Batrachians of Japan and adjacent territories.

Other Batrachians included in Mr. Sauter’s collection are

Rana kuhlit, D. & B. (Fuhosho, Kanshirei, Alikang), with

which, I think, Stejneger’s 2. namiye/, from Okinawa, should

be united, R. lutoucht’, Blgr. (Fuhosho), 2. swirhoana, Blgr.

(Kosempo), Rhacophorus japonicus, Hallow. (ana macropus,

Blgr.) (Kankau), 2. e¢fingeri, Boettg. (Kanshirei), 2. mol-

trechti, Blgr. (Kosempo), and JMierohyla fissipes, Blgr.

(KKosempo and Kanshirei).

Tropidonotus sautert,

Maxillary teeth 23, posterior feebly enlarged. Head

small. Eye moderate. Rostral broader than deep, just

visible from above ; internasals as long as broad, shorter than

the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, a

little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, much

shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep; one pre-

and three postoculars ; temporals 1+1 or 1 4-2; seven upper

labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials

in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much

shorter than the posterior. Scales strongly keeled, of outer

row smooth or feebly keeled, in 17 rows. Ventrals 125-130;

anal divided; subcaudals 78. Dark grey-brown above, with

small black spots, with a rather ill-detined reddish-brown

streak on each side of the back, bearing, on the anterior part

of the body, a series of distant small whitish spots; upper

surface of head with black vermiculation ; an oblique whitish

streak across each side of the nape; upper lip spotted black

and white ; lower parts yellowish white, with a black spot

near the outer end of each ventral, these spots forming a

‘strongly marked ventro-lateral series.

Two specimens, male (V. 125; CU. 78) and female (V. 130 ;

C.?), from Kosempo.

Allied to 7. swinhonis, Gthr.

Other snakes in the collection are:— 7. swinhonis, Gthr.

(Kosempo), Calanaria pavimentata, D. & B. (Kosempo),

from which C. berezowskit, Gthir., is probably not specifically

separable, and Divsadomorphus kraepelini, Steju. (Kankau,

Kosempo).

496 On new Frogs from German East Africa.

LIX.—Descriptions of Three new Frogs discovered by Dr. P.

Krefit in Usambara, German East Africa. By G. A.

Bou.ENGER, F.R.S,

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Phrynobatrachus krefftii.

Tongue with a conical papillain the middle. Habit mode-

rately stout. Snout short, rounded, scarcely projecting

beyond the mouth; canthus rostralis indistinct; loreal region

slightly concave; nostril equally distant trom the eye and

from the end of the snout; interorbital space as broad as the

upper eyelid ; tympanum distinct, two-thirds the diameter of

the eye. Fingers moderately long, first shorter than second ;

toes moderate, two-thirds webbed; tips of fingers and toes

dilated into small disks; subarticular tubercles small, feebly

prominent; asmall, narrow, feebly prominent inner metatarsal

tubercle. The tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the nostril.

Skin smooth. Brown above, with darker spots; a blackish

cross-bar between the eyes, light-edged in front ; limbs with

rather indistinct dark cross-bands ; lower parts whitish, belly

and lower surface of limbs dotted with brown; a brown band

across the throat; lower jaw edged with dark brown. Male

with internal vocal sacs.

From snout to vent 40 mm.

Amani.

Arthroleptis xenodactylus.

Tongue without conical papilla. Head moderate, as long

as broad; snout rounded, as long as the eye, with obtuse

canthi and nearly vertical lores; nostril equally distant from

the eye and from the end of the snout; interorbital space

much broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum perfectly

distinct, half the diameter of the eye. Fingers and toes

moderate, dilated into small disks, which are produced into a

short mucro, as in Sooglossus sechellensis, Boettg. ; first finger

shorter than second; toes with a slight rudiment of web;

subarticular tubercles moderate ; a small inner metatarsal

tubercle; no tarsal tubercle. ‘The tibio-tarsal articulation

reaches between the eye and the tip of the snout. Brown

above ; loreal region dark brown; lower parts white, finely

speckled with brown.

I’rom snout to vent 17 mm.

Amani.

On a new Characinid Fish from Mewico. 497

Hylambates vermiculatus,

Vomerine teeth in two small groups on a level with the

posterior border of the choane. Head broader than long,

strongly depressed ; snout rounded, as long as the eye; inter-

orbital space broader than the upper eyelid ; tympanum very

distinct, two-thirds the diameter of the eye. Fingers mode-

rate, with a mere rudiment of web; toes half-webbed ; disks

well developed; subarticular tubercles moderate ; inner meta-

tarsal tubercle rather small, oval, feebly prominent. The

tibio-tarsal articulation reaches just in front of theeye. Skin

smooth above, granular beneath. Green above, vermiculated

with black ; upper lip with black and white spots; flanks,

upper arm, and sides of thigh black with large white mar-

bling ; fingers and toes barred black and white; lower parts

white, belly with a few brown spots.

From snout to vent 34 mm.

Amani.

LX.—Deseription of a new Characinid Fish from Mexico.

By G. A. BouLeNGER, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Chirodon arnold’.

Depth of body 3 times in total length, length of head

4 times. Body very strongly compressed. Snout shorter

than eye, which is 23 times in length of head and equals

width of slightly convex interorbital region; maxillary not

extending quite to below anterior border of eye; lower jaw

scarcely projecting. Dorsal II 9, originating just behind

base of ventrals, and at equal distance from end of snout and

from root of caudal; longest ray as long as head. Anal

11119. Caudal deeply forked. 32 scales in a longitudinal

and 11 in a transverse series; lateral line reduced to 4 or 5

anterior scales. Yellowish above, finely speckled with black,

silvery white beneath; a large round black spot on caudal

peduncle, extending on base of middle rays of caudal ; dorsal,

ventrals, and caudal tinged with orange.

Total length 33 mm.

This new fish, the type of which has been presented to the

British Museum, was received from Mr. J. Paul Arnold, who

498 Mr. H. B. Preston on new Land- Shells

wished me to describe it should I fail in its identification. It

formed part of a series of freshwater fishes imported from

Puerto Mexico, on the north coast of the Isthmus of Tehuan-

tepec, which have been or are still living in Mr. Arnold’s

aquarium at Hamburg.

LX1.—Deseriptions of Four new Speetes of Land-Shells from

Natal and the Transvaal. By H. B. Preston, F.Z.S.

Helicarion subcornea, sp. n.

Shell thin, subcorneous, brownish yellow; whorls 33,

rapidly increasing in size, the last considerably inflated,

marked with indistinct arcuate lines of growth ; sutures im-

pressed, slightly crenulate, faimtly margined; columella

descending steeply in a gentle curve; peristome acute,

arcuate, the margins joined by a light parietal callus extending

into the interior of the shell ; aperture broadly sublunate.

Alt. 12, diam. maj. 18 mm.

Aperture: alt. 10°5, diam. 10 mm.

Hab. Natal.

The present species may be compared with H. ampliata,

M. & Pons., but has not the highly polished and glossy

texture of that species; it is also of a much paler colour, and

the surface is not malleated.

Helicarion subcornea. Zingis rosenbergi.

Zingis rosenbergt, sp. n.

Shell depressed, dark straw-colour, horny; whorls 44,

marked with lines of growth which are more accentuated just

below the sutures, giving to this portion of the shell a

wrinkled appearance; last whorl subcarinate ; sutures im-

pressed, slightly crenulate ; base of shell polished; umbilicus

narrow, deep, partly covered by the reflected columella;

columella descending obliquely, curved below; peristome

acute ; aperture obliquely broadly lunate.

Alt. 9°5, diam. maj. 15°75 mm. org

from Natal and the Transvaal. 499

Aperture: alt. 6°5, diam. 7°5 mm.

Hab, Pietersburg, N. Transvaal.

Allied to Z. crawfordi, Melv. & Pons., from Natal, but

smaller and more depressed, the last whorl is subcarinate,

the umbilicus narrower, and the aperture more obliquely

lunate than in that species; moreover, the columella is more

curved and the puckering of the growth-lines below the

sutures readily separates it from 7. crawfordi.

Subulina pietersburgensis, sp. n.

Shell elongately subulate, yellowish horn-colour ; whorls

104, the apical whorls submamillary, whitish, the later whorls

somewhat convex, sculptured with coarse, arcuate, closely

set, transverse strie; sutures rather deeply impressed ; colu-

mella slightly curved; peristome acute; aperture inversely

auriform,

Alt. 15°75, diam, maj. 3°5 mm.

Aperture: alt. 2°75, diam. 1 mm.

Hab. Pietersburg, N. ‘Transvaal.

The present species in some measure bears a resemblance

to S. linearis, Krss., but it is higher and larger, possessing

two whorls more, and is not of a glossy texture ; the rather

cvarse sculpture and deeply impressed sutures, which are not

margined, together with the curved columella and broader

aperture, are also characters which separate it from that

species.

Subulina pietersburgensis. Subulina eulimoides,

Subulina eulimoides, sp. n.

Shell small, thin, yellowish white, subulate; whorls 74,

rather flat, the later whorls rapidly increasing in size; sutures

impressed ; columella descending vertically, arched above ;

peristome acute ; aperture elongately ovate.

Alt. 8°75, diam. maj. 1°75 mm.

Aperture : alt. 1-5, diam. *5 mm.

Hab. Howick, Natal.

Also bearing a resemblance to S. linearis, Krss., but

smaller, more slender above, with the last whorl more inflated ;

the suture also, as in the last species, is not margined,

500 Mr. O. Thomas on Mammals

LXII.—A Collection of Mammals from Northern and Central

Mantchuria. By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE British Museum has acquired from Mr. Alan Owston a

collection of small mammals made in Mantchuria by Orié, a

Japanese, who collected at the same time the birds recently

enumerated by Mr. Collingwood Ingram in the ‘ Ibis’ *.

The majority of the specimens were obtained in the

Khingan Mountains, at about an altitude of 3800 feet, at the

point where the Siberian Railway cuts the range. The

remainder were obtained in the neighbourhood of Chang

Chun, in Kirin Province, on the Harbin—Port Arthur branch

of the railway.

These Mantchurian mammals are of particular value to us

as being from an intermediate locality between the Ussuri

and Amur region, worked by Schrenck and others, and the

Mongolian plateau, whence the Museum received the valuable

series collected by M. P. Anderson and presented by the

Duke of Bedford f.

As might be expected, many of the forms are intermediate

in character between the Mongolian and Amur animals, and

form intermediate but well definable subspecies.

The collection consists of about 100 specimens, belonging

to 15 species, of which five prove to need description as local

subspecies.

1. Vespertilio murinus, L.

@. Chu Chia Tai, Kirin Province.

The size of this specimen is quite as in Scandinavian

murtnus, not as in the Chinese superans.

2. Erinaceus amurensts, Schrenck (?).

@. Chang Chun, 8. Mantchuria.

The inter-relationships of H. amurensis, Schrenck, dealba-

tus, Swinh,, ortentalis, All., chinensis and ussuriensis, Sat.,

need much more material for their elucidation. All are very

closely allied, and owing to the almost complete ignoring by

each writer of his predecessor’s work, no trustworthy com-

parisons have been made between them.

* This, (9) iii. p. 422 (1909).

+ See P. Z. 8. 1908, p. 104,

from Northern and Central Mantchuria. 501

3. Mustela alpina, Gebl.

9. Khingan Mts.

4, Scturus vulgaris mantchuricus, subsp. n.

2 3,3 9. Khingan.

Colour in winter pelage very dark blackish grey, with

scarcely a trace of rufous (nearest to grey no. 4, Ridgway).

A certain number of whitish or white-tipped hairs mixed

with the grey. Ear-tufts well-developed, black. Tail very

bushy, black, its inferior aspeet nearly as uniformly dark as

the superior, without tinge of rufous. Size very large, the

skull conspicuously larger than in any other of the eastern

races of S, vulgaris.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 250 mm. ; tail 205; hind foot 61; ear 30.

Skull: greatest length 57; front of p* to back of m? 9°6.

Type. Adult female, Original number 10, Collected

11th May, 1908.

The Khingan squirrel is readily distinguishable from its

nearest allies, S. v. calotus, the Altai form, rupestris of

Saghalien, and ortentis of Hokkaido and Korea, by its

markedly larger size, as indicated by its skull. In colour

also it is of a much darker grey than any of them.

5. Eutamias asiaticus, Gm,

10 g,11 ¢?. Khingan Mts.

6. Citellus mongolicus ramosus, subsp. n.

3 ¢,2 2. Chu Chia Tai, Kirin Province.

4 8,3 9. Fan Chia Tun, Kirin Province.

Both places not far from Chang Chun, the junction of the

Kirin branch of the Harbin—Port Arthur railway,

Colour as in C. m. umbratus, or even slightly darker ; less

distinctly speckled. Tail as bushy as in true mongolicus,

that of wmbratus far less so.

. Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 198 mm.; tail 68; hind foot 37,

Skull: condylo-basal length 43°5.

Type. Adult male. Original number 67. Collected 27th

July, 1908, at Fan Chia ‘Tun.

When I described C. mongolicus umbratus*, from the

* P. Z. 8, 1908, p. 970,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 36

502 Mr. O. Thomas on Mammals

Mongolian plateau, I remarked on the shortness of its tail-

hairs, but Jaid no stress on the character, supposing it to be

due to season. But the present series was collected at

exactly the same time of year (end of July and beginning of

August), and it is now evident that the material difference in

the busliness of the tail is a genuine local character. The

terminal tail-hairs of umbratus are 10-12 mm. in length,

those of ramosus 16-20, as is also the case in the much paler

typical C. mongolicus.

It seems probable that the plateau form wmbratus may

deserve to be separated specifically on account of its less

bushy tail, while xamosus would remain as a darker eastern

subspecies of mongolieus, inhabiting Southern Mantchuria.

7. Arctomys sibiricus, Radde.

3 ¢ (adult and two young). Khingan Mts.

8. Mus caraco, Pall.

?. Khingan Mts.

¢d (young). Chu Chia Tai, Kirim Province.

This would appear to be a short-footed Eastern represen-

tative of MW. norvegicus, but the only adult specimen has lost

its skull, so that I am unable to give any definite opinion

about it.

9. Mus wagneri manchu, subsp. n.

3,2 9. Fan Chia Tun, Kirim Province.

6 g,4 2. Chu Chia Tai, Kirim Province.

A still darker form than mongolium of the pale Central-

Asian VM. wagnert.

General colour above smoky drab, decidedly darker along

the middle of the back. Under surface white, generally in

marked contrast to the colour of the sides, but there is often

a drabby suffusion over the belly, which sometimes even clouds

the sharp definition of the upper and under sides. Proectote

of ears a little darker than the head. Hands and feet dull

white. Tail greyish drab above, lighter below.

Skull as usual.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :-—

Head and body 85 mm.; tail 56; hind foot 16°5 ; ear 11-5.

Greatest length of skull 21°3.

Hab. (of type). Chu Chia Tai, Kirin Province.

Type. Adult female, Original number 8Y. Collected 22

August, 1908. :

from Northern and Central Mantchuria. 503

Going eastwards from the dry region of the Mongolian

Plateau and Shensi, we get again a still darker form of the

Mus musculus group than the one I named M. wagneri

mongolium in 1908*, ‘The specimens are quite uniformly

darker, their sides being about as dark as are the central

dorsal areas of the paler forms. ‘The mice obtained by

Mr. Anderson at the Imperial ‘Tombs to the east of Peking

are intermediate in colour as in locality.

All these mice would seem to be wild-living forms, not

true house-mice.

10. Cricetulus griseus fumatus, subsp. n.

5 g,1 9. Chu Chia Tai, Kirin Province.

3 (young). Fan Chia Tun, Kirin Province.

Essential characters as in C. griseus, but the colour

darkened throughout. General colour above between broc-

coli-brown and hair-brown of Ridgway. Black dorsal line

heavier, more distinct, and carried forward more definitely

on to the crown of the head. Under surface grey no. 8, the

tips of the hairs grey no. 10.

Skull quite as in true griseus. .

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :-—

Head and body 108 mm.; tail 29; hind foot 16:5;

ear 16.

Skull: greatest length 28-5 ; upper molar series 3°8.

Alb, (of type). Chu Chia Tai, near Chang Chun, Kirin

Province.

Type. Adult male. Original number 97. Collected 27

August, 1908.

This Mantchurian race of the common striped hamster of

N. China is readily distinguishable by the general darkening

of its colour, and the greater development of its dorsal dark

line.

11, Evotomys rutilus, Pall.

26,3 2. Khingan Mts.

; 12. Myospalax psilurus, M.-Edw.

5 g,5 2. Khingan.

The most careful comparison of these specimens with

three gxamples of J/. pstlurus from between Peking and

Tientsin, therefore practically topotypical, presented by

Mr. E. B. Howell, fails to show the very slightest difference,

* P. Z. S. 1908, p. 106.

36*

504 On Mammals from Mantchuria,

considerable as is the geographical distance between the two

localities. Externally the colour, ordinary presence of

frontal spots, and the proportions of the claws are alike in the

two series, while the skulls and teeth .appear to be identical

in every detail. In size Mr. Howell’s specimens are a little

smaller than those from Khingan, but the typical skull in the

Paris Museum, which I have myself measured, is exactly as

in average specimens from the latter place.

13. Lepus timidus, L.

9. Khingan, April 1908.

In changing pelage.

14. Ochotona (Pika) hyperborea mantchurica, subsp. n.

7 adult and 3 young specimens. Khingan.

Most allied to O. hyperborea cinereo-fusca, Schrenck, of

which the Museum possesses a summer skin from the Kentei

Mts. and a winter one from the Ussuri, both collected by

Dorries.

Size decidedly larger, the skulls uniformly larger than

those representing cinereo-fusca.

In winter pelage (hair of back about 18 mm. in length)

the upper surface is near “ broccoli-brown”’ of Ridgway,

becoming clearer grey on the head and fore back, and warmer—

near “clay-colour”—on the ramp. In an Ussuri specimen

in the same pelage the crown and back are washed with

russet-brown, only the nape being clearer grey. Under

surface dull whitish with a wash of clay-colour, the bases of

the hairs slaty as usual.

Summer pelage (fur about 12 mm. in length) between

* cinnamon” and “ russet,” that of cinereo-fusca being nearly

true “russet.” Sides and belly paler cinnamon, the latter

verging into ‘‘ ochraceous buff.”’

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 178 mm. ; hind foot 28°5 ; ear 18.

Skull: upper length 43°4; condylo-basal length 41 ;

greatest breadth 22; nasals 14°2; interorbital breadth 4°3 ;

breadth of brain-case 17; palatilar length 15°5; palatal

foramen 6°4 ; upper tooth-series (alveoli) 8°1.

Type. “ Male.” Original number 23. Killed 18th May,

1908.

These Pikas form an interesting series just covering the

change of pelage from the winter coat (specimen killed

18 May) to the summer (June 23), the other specimens

showing intermediate phases between the two. Our Dorries

On the Hewvactine Spicule of Hewactinellida, 505

specimens from the Kentei and Ussuri, representing Schrenck’s

“ Lagomys hyperboreus, var. cinereo-fusca,”’ are without dates,

but the present series enables me to determine them with

confidence as being respectively summer and winter examples

of one form.

This animal would appear to be not more than subspeci-

fically distinguishable from cinereo-fusca, and as Schrenck

considered that a variety of hyperborea I do the same for

the present form ; but the intergradation with the Tschuktschi

Pika may hereafter prove to be broken, and the Amur and

Mantchurian forms to be worthy of specific separation from

the more northern species.

15. Capreolus bedfordi, Thos.

? and two young. Khingan Mts.

LXIII.—On the Regular Hewxactine Spicule of Hexactinellida.

By R. Kirkpatrick.

THE regular hexactine spicule characteristic of Hexactinellid

sponges has three axes crossing at right angles through a

common centre and corresponding with the axes of the regular

crystalline system; but the silica of which the spicule is

composed is isotropic and amorphous. What is the meaning

of the form of the regular hexactin* ? Is it due to purely

organic causes, or is its shape influenced by its mineral

characters ; or do both of these factors contribute ? Further,

if its form is due to biological causes, how have they fashioned

the regular hexactine shape? Before attempting to suggest

an answer to these questions I will refer to theories already

put forward by Schulze and Minchin.

The typical Hexactinellid sponge is a cup-shaped lamina

with a central layer of thimble-shaped flagellated chambers

suspended between an outer dermal and an inner gastral

layer of delicate network. Schulze ¢ was of opinion that the

regular hexactine spicule came into existence because it was

adapted to support the thimble-shaped flagellated chambers.

Minchin f has stated his belief that the spicules arose before

the flagellated chambers were formed, that the stauractin

preceded the hexactin, and that the symmetry of these two

* I use the term actine as an adjective, and actin as a substantive.

+ ‘Challenger’ Report. Hexactinellida, 1887, p. 504.

t “A Speculation on the Phylogeny of the Hexactinellid Sponges,”

Zool. Anzeiger, 1905, xxviii. p. 439,

506 Mr. R. Kirkpatrick on the Regular

forms resulted from the mineral properties of the silica.

Later *, he thought it might be possible, by accepting a modi-

fication of Marshall’s theory of silicification of circular and

longitudinal strands of sarcode (Z. wiss. Zool. xxvii. p. 116),

“to find a phylogenetic explanation for the origin of the

rectangular symmetry without having recourse to supposed

crystalline structure, for which there is no evidence, in the

siliceous material.”

My own view is that the shape of the regular hexactin is

due to biological causes, that the form arose primarily to

support strands of the network and not to uphold flagellated

chambers, and that the coincidence of the axes with those of a

regular crystalline system is, literally, a coincidence.

Schulze} thinks that there is not sufficient evidence to

prove that purely stauractinophoran sponges existed ; for the

supposed stauractins may be reduced hexactins (apparently

as in the autodermalia of the primitive thin-walled Bathydorus

jfimbriatus, F. E. Sch.), or distal rays of hexactins might have

been broken off, or hexactins, though not hitherto observed,

may be present. Again, the fact that autodermal stauractin

megascleres are the first spicules to appear in the larva of

Vitrolulla, may, as Ijima observes (Contrib. iv. p. 52), be

entirely devoid of phylogenetic significance.

Minchin considered that a homoccelous condition must

have preceded the heteroccelous, and that the inner ray of a

hexactin, if present, would inconveniently penetrate an

unfolded collar cell layer, that a square-meshed network

would form convenient spaces for the first outfoldings of the

choanosomal layer, and that, as the flagellated chambers

arose, radial rays would be added on to the nodes of the

tangential rays, just as quadriradiates arise from triradiates in

Calcarea; but this hypothesis would not account for the

existence of gastrosomal micro-hexactins.

In recent Hexactinellida the hexactins are found not only

in the dermatosome, but also in the gastrosome, where there

can be no question of supporting the convex ends of thimble-

shaped flagellated chambers, but every need for keeping open

the meshes of the trabecular network. Possibly the distine-

tion between megascleres and microscleres first arose when

the choanosome was thrown into folds ; some of the micro-

hexactins would become macrohexactins, and, later, flexible

diactins ; but, at first, in a well supported dermal reticulum the

membrana reticularis possibly could take care of itself.

* “Sponge-Spicules,”’ Ergeb. Fortschr. Zool. 1909, p. 268.

+ ‘Valdivia ’ Hexactinellida, 1904, p. 170,

Hesvactine Spicule of Hexactinellida. 507

The characteristic feature of the Hexactinellid sponge,

which must have existed before stauractine or hexactine

spicules arose, and which probably conditioned the shape of

those spicules, is the dermal * syncytial network,

If purely stauractine sponges existed, it was because this

network would be extremely thin at first, and Nature would

have the problem of forming a practically—not, of course,

mathematically—two-dimensional scaffolding (¢. e. staur-

actine). When in course of time the network grew thicker,

a three-dimensional scaffolding would become necessary.

It has been supposed that the biological conditions, which

would account for the existence of the regular hexactine form,

do not occur, because the meshes of the trabecular network

are of allshapes. It seems to me that these conditions do

actually exist. Nature has a very elusive material to deal

with in the case of the fluent and contractile syncytium of

the Hexactinellid sponge, and it would be impracticable to

construct a scaffolding that would exactly follow the protean

form of a syncytial network.

In the Hexactinellid sponge, it is not necessary to look

for a perfectly regular network of protoplasmic strands to

account for a similarly regular network of supporting scaf-

folding ; the protoplasmic strands of syncytium need only

loosely drape the supporting rods ; they may fill in the sharp

corners, form subsidiary meshes in the cubical compartments,

and lastly prod out the walls of the cubicle with spandrils or

end rays. For the support of three-dimensional spaces of a

network, the most economical and efficient scaffolding is the

cubical one. ‘The selected sclerite has been one with six rays

at right angles, giving support in the direction of length,

breadth, and depth.

Nature, having selected the hexactin, has certainly stereo-

typed her pattern in a wonderful manner. It is always a

surprise to see the axis-cross persisting in long slender

diactine and even in monactine spicules, such as the distal

pronged knob of root-tuft spicules of Hyalonema. No

wonder we are led to account for such phenomena by calling

in the mysterious molecular forces of crystallisation in place

of, or in aid of organic forces acting en masse.

We find, however, that Nature readily adapts her methods to

the changing requirements. As I have already endeavoured to

rovet, when it becomes a question of supporting concentric

ana of reticulum, the two tangential axes essential in a

* Dermal, as contrasted with gastral, and including dermatosome and

gastrosome. f ‘

+ Ann. Mag. N. H. 1909, (viii.) vol. iv. p. 479,

508 On the Hexactine Spicule of Hewxactinellida.

three-dimensioned structure are dispensed with, and the one-

dimensioned prop or standard (amphidisk) is brought into

requisition. Although the amphidisk is probably a reduced

hexadisk, the axis-cross representing the aborted rays is not

in evidence, so completely has the triaxial character been

suppressed.

lf the coincidence of the primary axes of the spicule with

those of the regular system can be accounted for on grounds

of selection of a form adapted to maintain the patency ofa

meshwork, certain cases of coincidence with secondary planes

of symmetry are easily explained.

The true microhexactin of Hyalonema divergens, F. Ei. Sch.,

and the monoxyhexaster of Bathydorus uncifer are both of

approximately the same shape, 2. e. with rays meeting at

right angles in a common centre, and with curved ends

lying in secondary planes of symmetry. In the case of

Hyalonema, the spicule is a true microhexactin with axial

canals running to the very points of the rays; in the

monoxyhexaster, the axial canals only extend a short distance

from the centre. Along with the monoxyhexasters are hemi-

oxyhexasters with some main rays ending in more than one

end ray; and there is no reason to doubt that the monoxy-

hexasters are reduced from such forms, and that the curved

ends are merely deflected spines or end rays. Whatever theory

one may adopt concerning the micro-hexactins of Hya/onema,

it is difficult, in view of the probable history of the spicules, to

believe that the incidence of the ends of the rays of the mon-

oxyhexaster of B. uncifer in secondary planes of symmetry is

anything more than the result of the stresses and strains of the

strands of contractile meshwork. Similarly, as Schuize has

shown, the pointing of the rays of the discoctaster to the angles

of a cube simply results from centripetal pressure suppressing

the main rays of a hexaster and pressing back the sclero-

blastic end rays (2, 3, 4 or many) till they fuse with

neighbouring rays into secondary main rays; this incidence

of axes in lines pointing to angles of a cube is a pure

coincidence; frequently ‘supernumerary thorns” fail to

become fused and do not point to the angles of the cube.

Summary. Reasons are given for the belief:

(1) That the regular hexactine spicule was primarily

formed in Hexactinellid sponges as being the most econo-

mical and efficient * means for supporting the strands of a

syncytial network ; for, in the gastrosome at any rate, the

microscleres would be uscless for upholding the body or

* The human architect, also, has found that the regular hexactin

is the most convenient form of spicule for constructing his dictyonine

- ’

Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Capside. 509

flagellated chambers, but most efficient for the vitally important

function of keeping open the meshes of the dermal network :

(2) That the geometrical forms of cubes, squares, or lines

(hexactins, stauractins, amphidisks) arise in correspondence

with the requirements for supporting cubical spaces, surfaces,

or concentric lamine :

(3) That the support of flagellated chambers and of the

body as a whole was a later need, and was effected by the

development of. microscleres into parenchymal and auxiliary

surface macroscleres :

(4) That the identity of axes of the regular hexactin

with those of the regular crystalline system is a coincidence,

the real determining factor of the shape being a biological

one: the axes of a geometrical system are pure abstractions.

The concrete organic filament of the regular hexactin round

which alternating layers of spiculin and silex are formed

is nothing more than a model of those abstractions. (It is not

implied, however, that the cylindrical shape of the axial tubes

is to be regarded as an argument against the crystal theory ;

for crystals may have curved surfaces.)

LXIV.—Deserintions of Oriental Capside.

By W. L. Distant.

(Continued from p. 454. ]

Hyalopeplus clavatus, sp. n.

Head, pronotuin, scutellum, and corium bronzy ochraceous ;

head with three longitudinal black lines, the lateral ones

converging anteriorly ; antennee with the basal joint bronzy

ochraceous, with a more or less distinct piceous line beneath,

second joint black, with its base ochraceous (remaining joints

mutilated in typical specimens); pronotal collar with the

margins and three longitudinal lines black, the central line

more prominent, posterior pronotal margin and the posterior

angles black ; clavus with the inner and outer margins and

the suture black ; corium with the costal marginal area paler

and bordered on each side with black, veins piceous; mem-

seaffoldings. He resorts to the method of splicing with rope his radial

and tangential axes (standards, putlogs, and ledgers), because, when sepa-

rated, they are easier to transport in bundles.

510 Mr. W. L. Distant on Ortental Capside.

brane pale olivaceous, subhyaline, the basal area reflecting

the darker abdomen beneath, the cellular margins black ;

body beneath, rostrum, and legs ochraceous; antenne with

the basal joint moderately thickened and a little longer than

head, second joint slightly thickened and nearly four times as

long as first ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxee ; pronotum

with the anterior area subgranulose, the posterior area trans-

versely striate and centrally longitudinally impressed, poste-

rior angles slightly straightly prominent; scutellum with the

disk very finely transversely striate.

Length 10 mm.

Hab. Bengal; Lebong, 500 feet (Lefroy).

Differs from H. spinosus, Dist., by the less produced poste-

rior pronotal angles; and trom #7, vitripennis, Stal, by the

absence of the linear pronotal markings, different colour of

antenne, &c.

DIOPHANTUS, gen. nov.

Head somewhat large, longer than broad, the lateral margins

slightly sinuate, centrally slightly longitudinally ridged ; eyes

large, a little obliquely directed backward ; antenna with the

first joint scarcely as long as head, second about three times as

long as first, first and second longly pilose, third and fourth

slender, third about half the length of second and distinctly

longer than fourth ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxe; pro-

notum nearly twice as broad at base as long, the basal

margin convex and alout two and a half times as broad as

anterior margin, transversely impressed near anterior margin,

and behind this impression two transverse callosities, lateral

margins oblique; scutellum triangular; corium (including

cuneus) a little longer than posterior coxe, the costal margin

slightly convex; cuneus broad, elongateiy triangular, the

basal margin towards inner apex obliquely deflected to mem-

brane ; membrane passing abdominal apex, with a short sub-

quadrate posteriorly subtruncate cell, to which is attached a

smaller inner cell; legs of moderate size and length ; posterior

tarsi with the first and second joints subequal in length;

body and legs thickly, more or less longly pilose.

In the Indian enumeration | place this genus between

Paracakcoris and Calocoris.

Diophantus literatus, sp. n.

Body above brownish ochraceous, thickly, somewhat longly

pilose; cuneus castaneous, its basal margin ochraccous ; head

with a central longitudinal line and the eyes black; antenne

Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Capside. 511

ochraceous, apex of second joint and the third and fourth

joints piceous; pronotum with the extreme basal margin

paler and with a small black spot at each posterior lateral

angle ; scutellum and the interior area of corium distinctly

darker in hue; membrane fuscous, beyond middle mottled

with greyish, the basal area reflecting the dark abdomen

beneath ; body beneath and legs pale ochraceous, mesosternum

laterally piceous, legs annulated with fuscous ; pronotam

finely transversely wrinkled and punctate ; scutellum punc-

tate ; other structural characters as in generic diagnosis.

Length 54 mm.

Hab. Ceylon ; Ohiya (Green).

Calocoris rama, sp. n.

Above bright, shining, pale olivaceous green ; body beneath

and legs paler; antenne black, the basal joint olivaceous

green; eyes black; membrane fuscous, with a grey spot near

apex of cuneus, a little darker on basal area; rostrum ochra-

ceous, its apex black and reaching the intermediate coxe ;

antenne with the basal joint about as long as head, second

joint about three times as long as first and obscurely palely

annulate near base; head rather elongate anteriorly ; pro-

notum with two small transverse callosities near anterior

margin, which is ridged; corium with the costal marginal

area a little paler in hue and with cuneus a little longer than

posterior tibia ; tibia setose ; tarsi apically black.

Length 54 mm.

Hab. Darjiling.

Lygus ostensus, sp. n.

Head and pronotum ochraceous ; antenne and eyes black ;

scutellum black; clavus and inner area of corium black, base

of clavus and costal and lateral areas of corium ochraceous ;

cuneus castaneous; membrane pale fuscous, subhyaline, the

base blackish by reflecting the dark abdomen beneath ; head

beneath, sternum, and legs ochraceous ; abdomen beneath

black, with the basal angles ochraceous ; femora obscurely

annulated with brownish ; antenne with the basal joint about

as long as head, second joint about twice as long as first ;

pronotum with two transverse concolorous callosities behind

anterior margin; hemelytia very obscurely shortly pilose ;

membrane longly passing abdominal apex ; apices of tarsi

black.

Length 31-4 mm.

Hab, Calcutta (Ind. Mus.).

Allied to L. pubens, Dist.

512 Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Capside.

Lygus patrius, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, scutellum, and corium ochraceous ; eyes,

apex of clavus, two transverse spots to corium (one before,

the other behind middle), and a basal spot and extreme apex

to cuneus black or blackish ; membrane pale fuscous, sub-

hyaline, the basal area blackish by reflecting the dark abdomen

beneath ; body beneath and legs ochraceous; intermediate

and posterior coxe and bases of femora and abdomen (ex-

cluding apex) black ; femora obscurely testaceously annulate,

tibize obscurely fuscously annulate ; antenne ochraceous, the

base and nearly the apical half of second joint black, third

and fourth joints very pale fuscous, first joint about as long

as head, second about twice as long as first; membrane longly

passing the abdominal apex.

Length 4 mm.

Hab, Kast Himalayas ; Kurseong.

Lygus annandalet, sp. n.

Head reddish ochraceous, the eyes fuscous brown; antennez

with the first and second joints ochraceous, apical third of

second joint black, third and fourth joints pale fuscous; pro-

notum pale ochraceous, slightly tinged with virescent, the

basal area blackish with the exception of the extreme basal

margin; scutellum and clavus black; corium very pale

ochraceous, subhyaline, the costal membrane a little darker,

a transverse dark castaneous spot at inner posterior angle ;

cuneus with the lateral and posterior margins and a small

spot near its inner base dark castaneous ; membrane hyaline,

transversely trifasciately mottled with pale fuscous; body

beneath and legs pale ochraceous, pro- and mesonota with a

sublateral black fascia, abdominal apex castaneous, centrally

black ; antenne with the basal joint slightly shorter than

head, second joint more than twice as long as first, third little

more than half as long as second, but much longer than

fourth ; pronotum with two transverse callosities near ante-

rior margin; corium shortly obscurely pilose; membrane

longly passing the abdominal apex ; apices of the tarsi black.

Length 33 mm.

Hab. L. Bengal ; Sonarpur.

Lygus costatus, sp. n.

Head ochraceous, the apex and eyes black; antenne with

the first and second joints ochraceous, apical area of the

second black, third and fourth joints pale piceous ; pronotum

Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Capside. 513

ochraceous, the disk frequently discoloured ; scutellum ochra-

ceous; corium ochraceous, its disk paler and obscurely

greyish ; inner claval margin (broadly), margins of claval

suture, costal margin, and a spot at base and apex of cuneus

black ; membrane brownish ochraceous, with darker mottlings,

the basal area darker by the reflection of the abdomen

beneath ; body beneath and legs ochraceous, disk of meso-

notum and a spot at base of abdomen black; basal joint of

antenne about as long or very slightly shorter than head,

second joint a little more than twice as long as first; pro-

notum with two transverse callosities behind the anterior

margin; scutellum moderately tumid; corium obscurely,

thickly, shortly pilose ; membrane considerably passing the

abdominal apex; tibial spinules and apices of the tarsi black.

Var.—The black inner margin to clavus occupying the

greater part of its area and the costal black margin con-

siderably widened towards apex.

Length 5 mm.

Hab, Nepal; Chonebal, Katamandu (Ind. Mus.).

Lygus gemellus, sp. n.

Ochraceous, possibly virescent in living or fresh specimens,

eyes black ; antenna greenish ochraceous, apex of the second

and the whole of the third and fourth joints pale fuscous ;

cuneus with the apical area a little paler and the apical angle

black ; membrane subhyaline, mottled with pale brownish ;

femora obscurely annulated with pale brownish near apices ;

antenng with the basal joint scarcely as long as head, second

joint more than twice as long as first, third considerably

shorter than second and longer than fourth ; pronotum very

finely wrinkled and with two small obscure transverse callo-

sities near anterior margin; scutellum moderately tumid;

corium and clavus distinctly finely pilose, corium appearing

paler on marginal areas where the abdomen is not reflected

beneath ; membrane longly passing the abdominal apex ;

rostrum with the apex black and very shortly passing the

posterior coxe ; apices of the tarsi black.

» Length 5 mm.

Hab. Kumaon; Bhim Tal (Annandale) ; Darjiling ; Pus-

sumbing, 4700 feet (Alann).

Allied to LZ. viridanus, Motsch.

In some specimens the apical angle of the cuneus is con-

colorous, not black.

514 Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Capside.

Lygus valerius, sp. n.

Head reddish ochraceous, its apex and the eyes black;

antenne with the first and second joints black, third and

fourth pale brownish, base of third ochraceous ; pronotum

ochraceous, the anterior and lateral margins pale reddish

ochraceous, behind the anterior margin two transverse black

callose spots; scutellum, corium, and cuneus black; mem-

brane pale fuscous subhyaline, basal area darker, reflecting

the dark abdomen beneath; body beneath black, lateral areas

of the sternum reddish ochraceous; legs ochraceous, the

basal areas and annulations to the apical areas of the femora

piceous or black; antennze with the basal joint about as

long as head, second about twice as long as first ; eyes promi-

nent and projecting beyond the anterior margin of the

pronotum ; scutellum foveately impressed at base; lemelytra

obscurely, shortly, palely pilose ; apices of the tarsi black.

Length 3 to 35 mm.

Hab. Kumaon; Bhim Tal, 4500 feet (Annandale).

Allied to Z. catullus, Dist.

Lygus devinctus, sp. n.

Head ochraceous or pale castaneous, with the apex and the

eyes black ; antennz with the basal joint ochraceous or pale

castaneous, second joint black, third and fourth fuscous, base

of third ochraceous; pronotum pale ochraceous, with two

transverse black callose spots behind the anterior margin ;

scutellum black; corium ochraceous, clavus with an inner

black fascia, widened posteriorly, but not occupying the apical

angle, corium with a large transverse black spot beyond

middle; cuneus black, its basal margin ochraceous ; mem-

brane pale fuscous, subhyaline, its basal area blackish by

reflecting the dark abdomen beneath; body beneath black ;

prosternum, rostrum, and legs ochraceous, femora obscurely

annulated with brownish, their bases black or piceous, apices

of the tibiee and tarsi narrowly black, in some specimens the

anterior tibiw are centrally obscurely darkly annulate; an-

tenne with the basal joint as long as head, second joint about

twice as long as first ; cuneal fracture profound; membrane

longly passing the abdominal apex.

Length 4 mm.

Hab. Nepal; Soondrijal (Ind. Mus.).

THERMUS, gen. nov.

Head a little broader than long, the anterior margin longly

Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Capside. 515

pilose; eyes transverse, passing the anterior margin of the

ronotum ; antennw with the basal joint slightly thickened, a

ittle longer than head, somewhat longly pilose, second joint

four times as long as first, third almost half as long as second

and nearly twice as long as fourth; pronotum about twice

as broad as long, coarsely punctate, anteriorly declivous, the

lateral margins a little roundly oblique ; mesonotum exposed ;

scutellum subtriangular ; corium with cuneus about as long

as the second joint of the antenne; cuneus elongately angu-

late ; membrane longly passing the abdominal apex with two

short, posteriorly truncate cells, the outermost smaller ; poste-

rior femora very strongly thickened, shorter than the tibia,

attenuated towards apices ; tibia spinulose ; rostrum reaching

the posterior cox, with the first joint shorter than the second.

Thermus adumbratus, sp. n.

Head dull ochraceous, with three transverse fascia (one

basal, one central, and the other apical) and a central longitu-

dinal fascia sanguineous; antenne ochraceous; pronotum

dul] ochraceous, a sublateral fascia on each side, a transverse

fascia before middle, and a central longitudinal fascia (not

reaching base) sanguineous ; scutellum dull ochraceous, the

lsteral margins sanguineous; corium dull ochraceous, with

the margins sanguineous, the inner and outer margins pre-

ceded by small greyish spots, the apical margin broadest,

costal margin (excluding apex) pale ochraceous, clavus

greyish, thickly spotted with brownish ; cuneus pale ochra-

ceous, the outer margin and apex sanguineous and with a

small fuscous spot near base; membrane pale fuscous, the

margins of the cells sanguineous ; body beneath and legs pale

ochraceous, lateral areas of the sternum and abdomen mode-

rately infuscate; posterior femora with their apical halves

more or less sanguineous ; structural characters as in generic

diagnosis.

Length 4 mm.

Hab, Ceylon ; Maskeylina (@. B. de Mowbray).

SAPINNIUS, gen. nov.

Head somewhat small, perpendicularly deflected, sub-

triangular, the lateral margins rounded, eyes broad, narrow,

transverse, projecting beyond the anterior margins of the

pronotum ; antennz with the basal joint moderately thick-

ened, longer than head, second joint more than three times

longer than first, third about half as long as second and con-

siderably longer than fourth ; rostrum reaching the posterior

516 Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Capside.

cox ; pronotum strongly declivous anteriorly, about twice as

broad at base as long, the lateral margins oblique, the poste-

rior margin somewhat convex, the posterior lateral angles

subprominent; scutellum triangular, the basal angles a little

callose; clavus, corium, and cuneus thickly pilose, corium

(excluding cuneus) about as long as second joint of antenne ;

cuneus elongately subtriangular; membrane longly passing

the abdominal apex and with a basal, slightly curved, poste-

riorly truncate cell; legs moderate, posterior femora not

prominently thickened, posterior tarsi with the basal joint

longest.

Sapinnius fidelis, sp. n.

Head ochraceous, longitudinally pale sanguineous before

each eye ; eyes black; antennze pale ochraceous; pronotum

ochraceous, with four longitudinal, slightly curved, pale

sanguineous fasciz ; scutellum ochraceous, with basal pale

sanguineous markings; corium and clavus pale brownish

ochraceous, the corium with the lateral areas irregularly pale

ochraceous, cuneus with nearly the inner half pale brownish,

the remaining area pale ochraceous; membrane hyaline, at

base reflecting the dark abdomen beneath; body beneath

pale sanguineous; legs pale ochraceous, posterior femora

tinted with pale sanguineous; structural characters as in

generic diagnosis.

Length 5 mm.

Hab. Ceylon; Madulsima (Bainbrigge- Fletcher, Brit. Mus.).

Camptobrochis exornatus, sp. n.

Head pale greenish ochraceous ; eyes and first and second

joints of antenne black (third and fourth joints of antennae

mutilated in typical specimen); pronotum pale greenish

ochraceous, two small spots behind the anterior callosities, a

larger spot at each posterior angle, and two subbasal trans-

verse linear streaks black ; corium pale greenish ochraceous,

an obscure macular patch on clavus, two small longitudinal

linear, and a transverse linear spot at apex of corium, black ;

cuneus very pale greenish ochraceous, the inner and outer

lateral margins and apical point black ; membrane pale fuscous

hyaline, with darker mottlings and the basal area black by

reflecting the dark abdomen beneath ; body beneath and legs

pale greenish ochraceous, femora with two black linear

annulations near apex; rostrum with the apex black and

reaching the intermediate coxe; apices of the tarsi black ;

antennee with the basal joint almost as long as head, second

Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Capside. 517

joint about twice as long as first; pronotum (excepting the

anterior transverse callosity) somewhat coarsely punctate ;

clavus coarsely, corium less coarsely punctate, costal margin

retry ; membrane longly passing the abdominal apex.

ength 6 mm.

Hab. Mussoorie.

Camptobrochis qualis, sp. n.

Head and pronotum ochraceous, head suffused with san-

guineous ; eyes black; antenne with the first and second

joints ochraceous, extreme apex of second and the whole of

third and fourth joints piceous; pronoitum with two trans-

verse callosities near anterior margin and a subbasal linear

margin sanguineous; rostrum ocliraceous; corium ochra-

ceous, the clavus and apical area of corium sanguineous ;

cuneus sanguineous, its basal margin pale ochraceous; mem-

brane hyaline, the cellular margins a little darker; body

beneath, rostrum, and legs ochraceous; mesosternum and

apical areas of femora (more or less) sanguineous ; abdomen

with a sublateral series of small black spots, in a second

specimen these are only faintly visible ; antenne with the

first joint a little shorter than head, second nearly twice as

long as first; pronotum coarsely punctate and _ slightly

wrinkled, anteriorly deflected; clavus thickly punctate,

corium punctate, the outer area almost impunctate; membrane

longly passing the abdominal apex; rostrum with its apex

black and just passing the intermediate coxe,

Length 44 mm.

Hab. Simla Llills ; Theog, 8000 feet (Annandale).

PACORUS, gen. nov.

Allied to Camptobrochis, but with the first joint of the

antenna considerably longer than the head, second joint

about twice as long as first and distinctly setose ; pronotum

twice as broad at base as long and three times as broad as

anterior margin; scutellum broad, the basal margin much

longer than the lateral margins; corium very broad, ex-

cluding cuneus about as long as posterior tibie ; cuneus

with its posterior margin nearly twice as long as its lateral

margin; posterior tarsi with the first and second joints sub-

equal in length.

Pacorus politus, sp. n.

Head and pronotum ochraceous, the latter somewhat dis-

coloured on disk and with its posterior margin distinctly

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 37

518 Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Capside.

paler ; eyes piceous; antenne with the first joint black, the

second ochraceous, with its apex black (remaining joints

mutilated in typical specimen) ; scutellum stramineous, with

a broad, central, longitudinal black fascia; corium black,

base of costal margin dull ochraceous; cuneus pale stra-

mineous, its inner angular area and apex piceous; membrane

hyaline, slightly fuliginous, cellular margins and basal area

(reflecting the dark abdomen beneath) blackish ; sternum and

abdomen beneath black ; head beneath, rostrum, anterior and

lateral margins of prosternum, and the legs ochraceous, poste-

rior femora black, tibize biannulated with fuscous near base ;

head longer than broad, basal joint of antennze considerably

longer than head, second joint about twice as long as first and

finely setose ; pronotum coarsely punctate, with a transverse

anterior callosity ; clavus and corium thickly finely punctate ;

rostrum reaching the posterior coxe.

Length 5mm.

Hab. Kurseong.

Gismunda modesta, sp. n.

Brownish ochraceous; antenne with the basal joint

brownish ochraceous, second joint ochraceous, with its apical

half black and moderately thickened, third joint brownish, its

base ochraceous ; head strongly deflected in front of eyes ;

antenne with the first joint about as long as head, second a

little more than twice as long as first, its apical half distinetly

incrassate and pilose; rostrum reaching the posterior coxe ® ;

pronotum short, transverse, strongly deflected, moderately

coarsely punctate; scutellum slightly tumid ; corium shortly

but not prominently pilose, and thickly, finely punctate on

about interior half, clavus thickly, coarsely punctate ; cuneus

broader than long, its apex subacute ; membrane pale fuligi-

nous, with darker mottlings, the cellular areas pale fuscous,

longly passing the abdominal apex ; tibie finely spinulose.

Length 5 mm.

Hab. Darjiling, 6000 feet.

To be separated from G. chelonia, Dist., by its unicolorous

Lue, much less pilose corium, less tumid scutellum, &e.

‘THAUMATURGUS, gen. nov.

Head strongly almost perpendicularly deflected, subtrian-

cular, the lateral margins a little sinuate, the apex obtusely

* In the description of this genus for “ rostrum about reaching the

intermediate cox” read “ posterior coxe.”

Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Capside. 519

angulate, eyes moderately projecting beyond and slightly

behind the anterior margins of the pronotum; antenne with

the first joint considerably shorter than head, second joint

about three times as long as first, its apical area distinctly

thickened, third and fourth joints subequal in length and

together shorter than second ; rostrum not quite reaching the

intermediate coxe ; pronotum subquadrate, broader than

long, the lateral margins moderately oblique, the anterior

margin about one-fourth narrower than the posterior margin ;

scutellum subtriangular, centrally, longitudinally, irregularly

gibbous ; corium thickly, shortly pilose, with cuneus a little

longer than the posterior tibize, the lateral margins concavely

sinuate, distinctly broadened at apex; cuneus short and

broad ; membrane passing the abdominal apex; lezs some-

what long and slender, tie femora moderately thickened, the

posterior tibiz straight.

Allied to Pilophorus, Hahn.

Thaumaturgus typicus, sp. n.

Black ; third joint of antenne with the basal half pale

stramineous ; clavus and the coriam (excluding apical area)

thickly, finely, palely pilose, a short, white, oblique, transverse

line near middle of costal area and a continuous, curved,

transverse, white line crossing corium and apex of clavus

before the apical area of corium ; membrane fuliginons, the

basal area darker by reflecting the abdomen beneath; body

beneath black ; femora castaneous, tibie fuscous, apex of

anterior tibise, apical half of intermediate tibia, and base and

apex of posterior tilie pale ochraceous, tarsi pale ochraceous,

their apices black; structural characters as in generic

diagnosis.

Length 3 mm.

Hab, Calcutta (Ind. Mus.). Ceylon; Peradeniya (Green).

On chrysanthemum (C. A, Pavia).

SILANUS, gen. nov.

Head much longer than broad, anteriorly obtusely angularly

produced before bases of antenuze ; eyes adpressed, their

posterior margins not quite reaching base of head ; autennw

with the first Joint (excluding base) a little thickened, shorter

than head, second about twice as long as first, third and

fourth joints short, together about as long as first; rostrum

reaching the posterior cox ; pronotum broader than long,

the anterior margin scarcely half as broad as Had posterior

520 Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Capside.

margin, which is truncately sinuate, exposing the mesonotum,

the anterior margin carinate, transversely impressed before

middle, the lateral margins concavely sinuate; scutellum

triangular, moderately tumid; corium (including cuneus) as

long as posterior tibie, cuneus small, broader than long ;

membrane passing the abdominal apex, and with a basal,

posteriorly truncate cell; legs somewhat long, posterior

femora a little curved at base, all the femora distinctly but

moderately thickened; posterior tarsi with the first joint

shorter than the second.

In the enumeration of the Capside of British India this

genus is placed near Tyraquellus, Dist.

Silanus prefectus, sp. n.

Head, antenne, thorax, and scutellum black; corium

brownish ochraceous, a small marginal spot at base and a

larger marginal spot before cuneus ochraceous; clavus

darker and more fuscous in hue ; cuneus brownish ochraceous,

outwardly castaneous; membrane fuliginous ; head beneath

and sternum black; abdomen beneath piceous; femora

black, apices of posterior femora ochraceous; rostrum, tibiz,

and tarsi brownish ochraceous, apex of rostrum black ; head

granulose, with a pale, central, longitudinal spot at base ;

pronotum punctate and shortly, palely pilose; clavus and

corium thickly, palely pilose ; other structural characters as

in generic diagnosis.

Length 4 mm.

Hab. Ceylon ; Peradeniya (Green).

Nicostratus diversus, sp. n.

Head and pronotum fuscous brown, eyes black; antennz

black, basal joint brownish ochraceous, bases of third and

fourth joints stramineous; scutellum piceous, with the

Jateial margins stramineous; corium black, clavus and

corium crossed by a transverse white fascia near apex of

scutellum ; cuneus black, membrane dark piceous; head

beneath, sternum, and legs brownish ochraceous, intermediate

and posterior coxze and bases of femora whitish, apices of

tibia and the tarsi pale ochraceous, apices of tarsi black ;

abdomen beneath black, with the base and a central longi-

tudinal line ochraceous; antennee somewhat stout, basal

joint much shorter than head, second about three times as

long as first, third longer than fourth, third and fourth to-

gether almost as long as second; rostrum passing the

anterior coxee ; pronotum globosely tumid, deflected anteriorly,

Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Capside. 521

where it is strongly constricted and behind a narrow anterior

collar armed with two strong divergent spines ; scutellum

developed in a strong robust upright tuberculous spine ;

cuneus posteriorly deflected ; membrane considerably passing

the abdominal apex.

Length 4 mm.

Hab. Orissa.

ABIBALUS, gen. nov.

Tlead wenger than broad, globose, anteriorly broadly con-

vex, eyes a little exserted, nearer to anterior margin than to

base, behind eyes moderately obliquely attenuated ; antenna

with the first joint slightly longer than head, second more

than twice as long as first, third joint about two-thirds the

length of second and a third longer than fourth; rostrum

reaching the posterior cox; pronotum longer than broad,

anterior margin about half the breadth of posterior margin,

posterior margin concave, exposing the mesonotum, lateral

margins concavely oblique ; scutellum small, subtriangular ;

corium including cuneus very slightly longer than posterior

tibia, excluding cuneus nearly three times longer than broad ;

cuneus elongate, much longer than broad; membrane large,

about as long as corium without the cuneus, a somewhat long

cell on basal area ; legs finely spinulose, all the tibie sub-

equal in length ; posterior tarsi with the basal joint longest.

Abibalus regulus, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum black ; anterior margin of

pronotum and a lateral fascia on each side of scutellum pale

ochraceous; corium brownish ochraceous, a large spot near

base, an elongate costal spot before cuneous, and some

smaller irregular spots near membranal margin, greyish-

white, clavus darker, with the margins greyish white;

membrane pale fuliginous, the cellular margins darker;

body beneath black; legs and rostrum pale ochraceous ;

apical areas of the femora brownish ; structural characters

as in generic diagnosis.

Length 4 mm.

Hab, Kurseong.

ANTIPHILUS, gen. nov.

Elongate ; head about as broad as long, anteriorly deflected ;

eyes straightly transverse, distinctly removed from base of

head ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxe; antenne pilose,

first joint a little longer than head and moderately thickened!

522 Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Capside.

second a little more than twice as long as first, third twice

as long as fourth, third and fourth together about as long as

second ; pronotum about twice as broad as long, basal margin

twice as broad as anterior margin, distinctly transversely im-

pressed before middle, and in trontof thisimpression moderately

transversely bi-callose, the lateral margins obliquely sinuate,

the posterior angles obtuse ; scutellum broadly subtriangular ;

corium (excluding cuneus) almost as long as posterior tibie,

about two and a half times as long as broad at greatest

width, cuneus much longer than broad at base, angularly

narrowed at apex; membiane large, its greatest length equal

to that of corium without the cuneus, and with two elongate

cellular areas not passing apex of cuneus; legs of moderate

length, femora distinctly but not prominently thickened,

tibiz spinulose, posterior tarsi with the basal joint much

shorter than the second.

A genus of Cyllocoraria.

Antiphilus amicus, sp. 0.

Head, antenne, pronotum, scutellum, and clavus black ;

corium flavous, shortly, darkly, sparsely pilose and with a

small black spot near apical angle, cuneus flavous, apically

(broadly) and marginally (narrowly) blackish ; membrane

pale shining fuliginous with iridescent reflections ; the cellular

margins black ; body beneath black ; rostrum and legs pale

ochraceous, apices of tarsi (especially the anterior tarsi)

blackish ; structural characters as in generic diagnosis.

Length 43 to 5 mm.

Hab. Darjiling, 6000 ft. (Ind. Mus.) ; Kurseong, East

Uimalaya, Ukhral, Manipur (Ind. Mus.).

ZONODORUS, gen. nov.

Head short, broad, convex, not horizontally produced in

front of eyes, which are placed somewhat midway between

base and apex and thus longly removed from the anterior

margin of the pronotum, between the eyes obscurely longi-

tudinally suleate ; antennze with the first joint moderately

thickened and about as long as head, second joint about four

times as Jong as first and a little longer than third, fourth

scarcely shorter than third; rostrum about reaching the

posterior coxze ; pronotum much broader than long, narrowed

to head, the Jateral margins oblique, distinctly transversely

impressed a little before middle, the posterior margin con-

cave and exposing the base ot the mesonotum; scutellum

subtriangular, a little convex; corlum (excluding cuneus)

SE ————— a

On the Agriotype of Domestic Asses. 523

considerably shorter than posterior tibie ; membrane longly

passing abdbioinal apex with an elongate posteriorly truncate

cell; legs somewhat long and slender, the posterior femora

distinctly thickened, the posterior tibie as long as corium

and cuneus together, posterior tarsi with the basal joint

longest.

In the enumeration of the Indian Capside I place this genus

near Zanchius, Dist., to which it is closely allied, but separated

by the structure of the head.

Zonodorus gubernator, sp. n.

Head, antennz, pro- and mesonota, scutellum, body be-

neath, rostrum, and legs stramineous or very pale ochraceous ;

base of first joint of antennew and the basal areas of the

femora greyish white; clavus, corium, and cuneus greyish

white, subhyaline, macularly mottled with pale virescent,

the costal area of corium (excluding base) and extreme apex

pale ochraceous, the margins of clavus adjoining scutellum

also pale ochraceous; membrane very pale brownish ochra-

ceous, the basal area mottled with pale virescent and the

membranal cells posteriorly margined with the same colour ;

the upper surface is distinctly, finely, palely pilose ; structural

characters as in generic diagnosis.

Length 4 mm.

Hab, Ceylon ; Peradeniya (Green).

[To be continued. j

LXV.—On the Agriotype of Domestic Asses. By R. I.

Pocock, F.L.S., F.Z.5., Superintendent of the Zoological

Society’s Gardens.

DoMESTIC asses are usually considered to be descended from

the wild ass now found in the Eastern Soudan, to which

Fitzinger’s name Lguus asinus africanus has been restricted.

Several examples of this local race have been fully described,

vamely: one from Yalalub and one from Kassala by Mr. de

Winton (‘ Mammals of Egypt,’ pp. 829 & 330, 1902), and

one from Nakheila, on the south bank of the Atbara River,

by Mr. Lydekker (Nov. Zool. xi. pp. 5938-595, 1904).

hese agree closely in coloration, being greyish fawn in

colour, with the muzzle, the area round the eyes, and the legs

whitish. The specimen, alleged to have come from Nubia,

which Dr. Sclater depicted on Pl. L. tig. 2 of the P. Z.S. for

524 Mr. R. I. Pocock on the

1884, appears to belong to the same type, although the

general tint is considerably richer fawn, as if a Persian

Onager had formed the model for the coloration.

These Eastern Soudan asses differ from ordinary domestic

asses in the sharp contrast between the white of the legs

and the greyish fawn of the head, neck, and body. In this

characteristic, apart from the practical absence of markings

from the legs, they resemble the Somaliland race (L. asinus

somaliensis). They also resemble the latter and differ at

all events from the majority of English domestic asses,

unless canescence or partial albinism has supervened, in

having scarcely any black or brown on the ear, except at

the tip andon the margin. Asa matter of actual fact, there

is a certain amount of clouding on the lower half of the ear

above the occiput, at least in some specimens. It is present,

for instance, in the examples of £. a. africanus from

Nakheila and of E. a. somaliensis from Somaliland, described

by Mr. Lydekker, but was either unnoticed by this author

or not considered worth mentioning. Mr. de Winton also

says nothing about it in his description of the specimen of

EE. a. africanus from Yalalub ; and Heuglin is similarly

silent on this matter in the diagnosis of H. a. teniopus.

From reading the descriptions of these specimens, indeed,

one would inter the entire back of the ear, apart from the

tip, to be the same tint as the head.

In ordinary domestic asses, in such, at least, as adhere to

the greyish coloration of the wild forms hitherto mentioned,

the legs are, as a rule at all events, of the same colour as

the body, or nearly so, and are very commonly indeed

indistinctly barred with black. Moreover the base of the ear

is almost always marked with a large black or dark brown

patch. So constant a feature in domestic asses is this patch

on the ear that it is impossible to avoid the conclusion that

it has been inherited from their ancestral form. If this be

so, that ancestral form was not /. astnus africanus, nor

LE. asinus teniopus*, nor E. astnus somaliensis, in which the

ears are decidedly black or brown behind only at the tip, the

basal patch being evanescent.

* In the P. Z. 8. 1862, p. 164, Dr. Sclater records “ Asinus tentopus”

from Abyssinia, his information being based upon a specimen then livin

in the Jardin des Plantes which had been acquired by the French Consul

ut Massouah. Through the kindness of Dr. Sclater I have been able to

exawine a coloured drawing of this animal, dated Paris, 1860. It has a

long shoulder-stripe and a continuous spinal stripe and as many stripes

on the legs as are present in the example of L. asinus somaliensis now

living in the Zoological Gardens. It thus closely resembles the form

Heuglin described as “‘ Asinus teniopus”; but the legs are darker, being

hardly lighter externally than the body.

Agriotype of Domestic Asses. 525

The further question now arises: Is there still in existence

a wild form of ass presenting the coloration of the legs and

of the ears seen in our domestic animal? The evidence on

this head that I have been able to collect is meagre enough,

but it amounts to something. We have at the present time

living in the Zoological Gardens a female ass belonging to

Sir Claud Alexander, which was sold to him as a Nubian

wild ass. The body and legs are grey and there are faint

stripes on the limbs, with conspicuous patches on the fore

fetlocks, like those of the example of L. a. africanus de-

scribed and figured by Mr. Lydekker. ‘The base of the ears

has a very large dark patch, which extends more to the front

than to the back and runs up in a point so far towards the

black area at the tip that the space between them appears as

a narrow greyish-yellow band when the ear is seen from the

front. Again, photographs of two alleged Nubian wild asses

appear in Prof. Ridgeway’s book on the ‘Thoroughbred Horse’

(pp. 50,51). One of these animals was living in the London

Zoological Gardens between 1886 and 1890*, as I learn

from Mr. Medland, the photographer ; the other died some

years ago in the Gardens in Dublin, as Dr. Scharff tells me.

Mr. Medland’s photograph clearly shows the black patch

at the base of the left ear and the photograph of the animal

in Dublin shows it on the right ear, but in both cases re-

flected light prevents an accurate judgment being formed of

the extent of the patch. Finally, in the ‘ Royal Natural

History,’ ii. p. 511, there is a woodcut, by Miitzen, entitled

the African Wild Ass, representing two animals practically

identical with the one now in the London Gardens, except

for the exaggerated length of the ears. There can be very

little doubt, I think, that this engraving was taken from one

or more animals living somewhere in aes orobably in

Berlin. If this drawing, which bears a pede stamp of

accuracy, be compared with the description of E. a. africanus

above cited and with the plate of the specimen from Nakheila

in Mr. Lydekker’s paper, the differences between the two

forms hecome apparent at once.

For want of completer records, the question of the existence

at the present time in Nubia or the adjoining parts of Africa

of arace of wild asses resembling those figured in the ‘ Royal

Natural History’ and tlie one now in the Zoological Gardens

must be left open; but I feel tolerably sure that such an

animal formerly, at all events, existed, and probably extended

wuch further to the north than the fifth cataract of the Nile,

* This op aay the same animal as that figured on p. 82 of Flower's

book ‘ The Horse,’ 1891.

526 Mr. R. I. Pocock on the

to the north of which wild asses do not appear any longer to

occur, although Burton, be it remembered, recorded the

presence of wild asses in his day in the so-called Arabian

desert of Middle Egypt to the east of the Nile.

I also feel convinced that this ass was, at all events, the

main ancestral stock, with perhaps an infuston of africanus or

teniopus blood, whence our domestic breeds are descended ;

but since Iam unable to point out any characters by which

the alleged wild asses referred to this race differ from what

may be regarded as typically coloured domestic asses of

England, I propose to extend the meaning of the name asinus

to include them.

The conclusion that the basal patch on the ear is not a

recently acquired feature in domestic breeds, but is a deep-

seated ancestral trait of long standing, and that its slight

development in Z. a. africunus, te@niopus, and somaliensis 18

due to suppression, is confirmed by a number of facts. To

begin with, the backs of the ears in all well-striped Zebras

and Quaggas, with the exception of some nearly white-vared

varieties of Bohi’s Quagga, have a considerable quantity of

black, often forming a patch, on the lower half. Secondly,a

dark brown patch similar to, but less emphasized than, that of

domestic asses is preseut on the ears otf Kiangs (£. kiang),

though at most the merest shadow of it is visible in the

Chigetai (£2. hemionus) and in Onagers (E. indicus, onager,

hemippus). Again, it was well developed in four foals bred

in the Zoological Gardens between a stallion 4. astnus somali-

ensis, in which, like the spinal and shoulde:-stripes, it is

absent, and donkey-mares of Spanish and English breeds, in

which it was present. Moreover, although two out of the

four mares were nearly black, and only one a true “ ass-

grey,” the foals in every case were grey, with moderately

strongly barred legs and shoulder and spinal stripes. ‘I’hus

the essential characters of the sire were eliminated and the

subhybrids * reverted to what I believe to have been the

original coloration of African asses, from which the three races

E. a. africanus, teniopus, and somaliensis have departed in

varying degrees. Reversion of this kind is not uncommon

when distinct varieties are crossed. Finally, the patches are

* Although the word “subhybrid” is open to criticism on the score of

its mongrel extraction, [ cannot at the moment think of a better to express

the result of a cross between two subspecies, the word ‘‘ hybrid ” denoting

the progeny of two species, like the horse and ass, and “ mongrel ” being

reserved in zoology tor that of two domestic breeds, like spaniels and

terriers. The name is, at all events, as defensible as “ cotype,’ which

has passed into general use.

Ayriotype of Domestic Asses. 527

resent on the ears of two feral Socotran asses in the British

iiirn: though considerably darker in one than the other.

‘The interest of this circumstance lies in the fact that the

forerunners of these asses were introduced into Socotra,

according to Messrs. Oyilvie-Grant and Forbes, at a very

remote epoch, showing that in early times domestic asses

possessed these ear-patches.

The four races of African asses, then, may be distinguished

as follows :—

a. A distinct and large black or brown patch

at the base of the ear as well as at the

tip; legs the same tint as the body or

approximately so (domestic and possibly

EMME Ce Ue das ac cgi wing ose Subsp. asinus, Linn.

a’. No large and distinct dark patch at the

base of the ear; legs usually, at all

events, markedly lighter than the body

and striped or unstriped.

b, Legs unmarked except for patches on

MPEEIOON cWag kde vcwccecccdss ewe Subsp. africanus, Fitz.

RG ke Kalco aides Swe gabe aha we Subsp. teniopus, Heug.

ec’. Spinal and shoulder-stripes obsolete

NS Whe ode rece dan Mis caek ens Subsp. somaliensis, Noack.

I take this opportunity of correcting one or two mistakes

that have appeared in literature with regard to the Ass of

Somaliland (£. a. somaliensis). In his description of this

animal, under the name “ somalicus,” Dr. Sclater mentions as

distinctive features of this race the more flowing mane and

the shorter ears as compared with £. asinus africanus.

Whatever may have been the case with the original specimen,

these remarks do not apply to the example, a very fine stallion,

now living in the Zoological Gardens. ‘The mane is in no

sense long or flowing, and does not differ appreciably from

that of ordinary donkeys. Moreover, the ears measure from

the top of the skull just about 10 inches, whereas in the

alleged Nubian wild ass they are 94 inches. He further

says, quoting Mr. Loit Phillips, who was confessedly speaking

from memory, that one specimen stood 14 hands at the

withers. This guess has been repeated as an established

fact at least twice in literature; yet the fine male specimen

in our Gardens does not exceed 12 hands at the withers,

Finally, it has been alleged that there is no marked seasonal

528 Mr. K. Andersen on the

change in colour or length of coat*. The coat is distinctly

longer in the winter than in the summer, though the ditference

does not approach that which obtains in Persian Onagers

and Kiangs, and there is a decided difference in colour. The

summer coat is a clear grey, which gradually turns toa sandy

fawn as the season advances, the difference in tint between

the two being very marked when the old sandy-fawn coat

comes away and sbows the new stone-grey coat beneath it in

patches at moulting-time.

LXVI.—On the Fruit-Bats of the Genus Dobsonia.

By Knup ANDERSEN, F.ZS.

Tue subjoined notes and descriptions are based on ninety-

one specimens in the collections of the Leyden, Berln,

Paris, and British Museums. The three former Museums

were visited by me in August and September this year, and

I have much pleasure in taking this opportunity of acknow-

ledging my indebtedness to Dr. Jentiuk, Professor Matschie,

and Professor Trouessart for the liberal way in which they

placed the collections under their charge at my disposal.

The large series of Dobsonia from the Dutch East Indies

preserved in the Leyden Museum has been of special im-

portance for my revision of the genus.

The latest reviser (Matschie, 1899) recognized only one

species of Dobsonia. The total number of species briefly

diagnosed below is twelve, six of which are new.

The notes are preliminary to a completer account of the

genus in the British Museum Catalogue of Megachiroptera

now under preparation.

I. Revised List of hitherto-described Species.

1810, Pteropus pal{/|iatus, E. Geoffroy, Ann. Mus. d’Hist.

Nat. xv. p. 99. In 1825 by Temminck put down as the

young of Cephalotes peroni | Dobsonia peront! (Mon. Mamm.

i. pp. 169, 170), a view accepted also by the original describer

in 1828 (Cours d’Hist. Nat. Mamm., 13 lecon, pp. 29, 30),

as well as by all later revisers of the genus.—It is evident

from Geoflroy’s description that the type of Pt. palliatus was

a quite young Dobsonia with the milk-incisors (=) in situ.

As the type locality is unknown, the description confined to

* Lydekker, Novitates Zool, xi. p. 895 (1904).

Fruit-Bats of the Genus Dobsonia. 529

characters common to all species of Dobsonia, and the type

no longer in existence, the species is, and will always remain,

indeterminable. Inasmuch as the type was acquired from a

Dutch Museum (‘Teyler, Haarlem), the probability is that it

was one of the four species common in the Dutch East Indies,

viz. D. peroni (Timor group), viridis (Amboina group),

moluccensis (Amboina group), or crenulata (Gilolo group).

1810, Cephalotes peroni, EF. Geoffroy, t. c. p. 104, pl. vii.

Type locality, Timor. A distinct species, differing from all

other forms by the combination of these characters :—

Antero-internal corner of m, sharply marked off asa distinct

cusp or ledge; no well-marked antero-internal ledge in m' ;

skull, total length 48°8-51°7 mm., maxillary tooth-row (c—m’,

crowns) 20-22, forearm 108°5-117. Range :—F lores, Timor,

Alor, Wetter.

1830, Hypoderma moluccense, Quoy & Gaimard, Voy.

‘ Astrolabe,’ Zool. i. p. 86, Atl. pl. xi. Type locality, Am-

boina. In 1837 by Temminck declared indistinguishable

from Cephalotes peront (Mon. Mamm. il. p. 109), an opinion

unhesitatingly accepted by all other revisers.—Is a dis-

tinct species. Diagnosis :—Antero-internal corner of m,

not differentiated as a distinct cusp or ledge; general size

unusually large, forearm 133°5-141 mm. Range :—Buru,

Amboina, Ceram, Aru Islands.

Nearly half a century passed without further additions to

the list. The three principal revisers of the genus during

this long period, viz. Peters in 1867 (MB. Akad. Berlin),

Gray in 1870 (Cat. Monk. &c.), and Dobson in 1878 (Cat.

Chir. B. M.),copied Temminck in recognizing only one species,

Cephalotes peroni, with the synonyms Pteropus palliatus and

Hypoderma moluccense.

1879, Cephalotes minor, Dobson, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 875.

Type locality, Amberbaki, N.W. New Guinea.—aA distinct

species. Differential characters :—Premolars and molars

simple (no well-marked antero-internal and posterior ledges,

no trace of surface ridges); smallest species known, forearm

about 80 mm.—The type in the Paris Museum was |itherto

the only specimen known to exist in collections. There is,

however, a second specimen in the Leyden Museum (‘Cepha-

lotes peroni”’ rr, with skull dd), collected by Dr. Bernstein,

but unfortunately without locality ; as having been acquired

by the Leyden Museum in 1876, years after the explorer’s

death, it probably dates from his last voyage, and, if so, it

must have been obtained either in Sorong (N.W. New

Guinea), Salawati, Batanta, or neighbourhood (see his

* dagboek,” edited by Musschenbroek, Bijdr, Taal-, Land- en

530 Mr. K. Andersen on the

Volkenk. Ned. Ind. (4) vii., 1883). The Leyden specimen

is fully adult, the type slightly immature (but for all practical

purpose perfectly full-grown),

1896, Cephalotes viridis, Heude, Mém. Hist. Nat. Emp.

Chin. iii. p. 176, footnote, pl. v. fig. 1.—A distinct species.

Differential characters :—A well-marked antero-internal basal

cusp both in m, and m’; breadth across lower edges of

lachrymal foramina 11°5-12°8 mm.; forearm 113-117°5.

Range :—Buru, Amboina, Ceram, Banda Islands, Key

Islands,

The next, and thus far the latest, reviser of the genus

(Matschie, ‘ Megachiroptera des Berliner Museums,’ 1899)

again recognized only oue species, Cephalotes palliatus, with

the synonyms Cephalotes peroni, Hypoderma moluccense,

Cephalotes minor, and C. viridis. So far from being identical,

these four species represent in reality four different sections

of the genus, a fact which, however, can only be realized on

examination of their dentition. But quite apart from dental

differences, it would only be possible to put the above four

species together under one heading on supposition that the

individuals show a perfectly unparallelled amount of size

variation (forearm in Dobsonia minor 80 mm., in D. moluc-

censis 133°5-141).

1905, Dobsonia magna, Thomas, Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7)

xvi. p. 423. Type locality, Tamata, Mambare River, British

New Guinea. A distinct species, closely allied to D. moluc-

censis, from which it differs only in its still larger size (fore-

arm 146-152°5 mm.: largest species known). Range :—

The whole of New Guinea; Mysol; Waigeou.

1905, Cephalotes pannietensis, De Vis, Ann. Queens]. Mus.

vi. p. 36. Type locality, Panniet Island, Louisiade Archi-

pelago. A distinct species: similar in dentition to D. mo-

luccensis and magna, but much smaller; forearm about

109-112 mm. Range: Trobriand group (Kiriwina), D’En-

trecasteaux group (Fergusson Island), Louisiades (Panniet).

In 1906 Dr. Jentink gave a very elaborate table of external

measurements of nearly all the specimens of Dobsonia in the

Leyden Museum (Notes Leyd. Mus. xxvii., table facing

p- 168). It is necessary to draw attention to the fact, how-

ever, that not all of these measurements are directly com-

parable. Of the 42 specimens measured 18 are more or less

immature (specimens a, g, k, 1, n, 0, p, q, V, W, X, Z, f?, g”, J’,

k?. 5 Bo).

From the above it will be noticed that all the principal

revisers of the genus, from Temminck, through Peters, Gray,

Fruit-Bats of the Genus Dobsonia. 531

and Dobson, to Matschie, invariably have failed to recog-

nize more than one single species. The reason is that noue

of these authors have studied the detailed structure of the

premolars and molars of the specimens at their disposal, but

all confined themselves to an examination of their external

features and the more conspicuous (generic) characters of

the skull and dentition. And externally all species of

Dobsonia are in fact essentially alike, in the shape and

relative size of the ears, the wing-structure and insertion of

the membranes, and the distribution, quality, length, and

colour of the fur, in short, in all external characters except

one, the size. That the differences in size, though often

very conspicuous, sometimes even enormous, were considered

indicative only of an unusually great individual variation is

readily understood when it is remembered that very often a

larger and a smaller species occur together in the same

place. Finding the same small island represented in col-

lections by individuals similar to each other in all external

characters but size, those authors naturally hesitated to con-

sider the size-difference by itself a character of specific

importance. The truth is, however, that whenever an

island is inhabited by two species of Vobsonia, they differ

uot only in size but also, and chiefly, in dentition.

II. Brief Diagnoses of new Species.

Dobsonia exoleta, sp. n.

Similar in dentition to D. pannietensis, but larger: skull,

total length 52 mm. (47-48 in pannietensis), maxillary tooth-

row, c-m* (crowns) 20°5-21°3 mm. (19°8); forearm 112°5-

116 mm. (109-112); median surface ridge distinct in m!’,

m,;, and mz, (in pannietensis distinct in m‘ and mg, absent or

obsolescent in m,). Had. Celebes, generally distributed.

Type :—@ ad., skin and skull; Tomohon, Minahassa,

10 Oct., 1894. Collected by Drs. P. and F. Sarasin. B.M.

99. 10. 1. 4.

Specimens examined, seven, from the following localities :—

Minahassa (one), Menado (two), Gorontalo (one), Macassar

(one), “‘ Celebes ”’ (two).

Dobsonia sumbana, sp. n.

Closely allied to D. peroni, but noticeably smaller: skull,

total length 46°5 (48°8-51'7 in peroni), maxillary tooth-row

18°8 mm. (20-22), forearm 106 mm. (108°5-117). Had. The

island of Sumba, Timor group,

532 Mr. K. Andersen on the

Type :—Ad. al., with skull; Sumba, 3 Oct., 1896. Col-

lected by A. Everett. B.M. 97. 4.18.12.

Dobsonia crenulata, sp. n.

Allied to D. viridis, but larger and with conspicuously

heavier dentition; maxillary tooth-row 20-21 mm. (18°5-

19°5 in viridis), forearm 125-128°5 mm. (113-117°5).

Hab. Gilolo group, generally distributed.

Type:— 2 subad., skin and skull; Ternate. Collected by

Dr. A. R. Wallace. B.M. 60. 8. 26. 2.

Specimens examined, eleven, from the following locali-

ties :—Rau (four), Morotai (two), Ternate (one), Batchian

(four).

Dobsonia predatriz, sp. n.

Allied to D. viridis and crenulata, but cranial rostrum

considerably heavier (across lower edges of lachrymal fora-

mina 12'8-13°8 mm.) ; general size very nearly as D. viridis,

smaller than D. crenulata: forearm 111°5-1215 mm.

Hab. Bismarck Archipelago.

Type:—Imm. sk., with skull; Duke of York group.

Collected by the Rev. G. Brown. B.M. 77. 7.18.5.

Specimens examined, five.

Dobsonia inermis, sp. 0.

A small species of the D. viridis group: forearm 105°5-

109 mm.; premaxille and upper canines not slanted more

strongly forward than usual. Had. East Solomon Islands.

Type: 2 ad., skin and skull; San Christoval, Dec. 1854.

Collected by Dr. F. M. Rayner (Voyage of the ‘ Herald’).

B.M. 56.7.7.5.

Specimens examined, two, from San Christoval and Ugi.

Dobsonia nesea, sp. n.

Allied to D. inermis and very nearly of the same general

size, but premaxille and upper canines slanted peculiarly

forward (tip of nasals vertically above hinder edge (in

D. inermis above front half) of alveole of canine) ; premolars

and molars larger, but not differing in structure. Forearm

about 109°5 mm. Hab. W. and C. Solomon Islands.

Type :— gad., skin and skull; Alu, Shortland, Apr. 1886.

Collected by C. M. Woodford, Esq. B.M. 87.1.18.8.

Specimens examined, three, from Shortland (one) and

Rubiana (two).

Fruit- Bats of the Genus Dobsonia, 533

III. Primary Sections of Genus.

The premolars and molars of Dodsonia present four

different phases of specialization, which may be utilized for

a subdivision of the genus into four apparently natural

sections, as follows :—

(1) D. minor section :—Premolars and molars simple,

i.e. no distinct posterior basal ledge (a slight indication

sometimes seen in p,and m,), no distinct antero-internal basal

cusp (a faint indication may be seen in p‘), no trace what-

ever of surface ridges. One species, D. minor (N.W. New

Guinea),

(2) D. moluccensis section :—A well-developed posterior

basal ledge in p*, p*, ps3, and py; a well-marked antero-

internal basal ledge or cusp in p’ and p*, generally at least a

trace of a similar ledge in p; and py, but never in m,;

surface ridges in m!' and mg, sometimes also in pt and m.

Four species :—D., evxolela, pannietensis, moluccensis, and

magna. WD. exoleta (Celebes) and pannietensis (Islands S.E.

of New Guinea), though geographically widely separated,

are evidently closely related; the broad intervening area is

occupied by the allied but much larger D. moluccensis

(Amboina group and Aru Islands) and magna (New Guinea).

(3) D. peront section :—Kssentially as foregoing, but with

a strong autero-internal ledge also as in m,, but not in m‘.

Two species, D. peroni (Flores, Timor, Alor, Wetter) and

sumbana (Sumba).

(4) D. viridis section:—Essentially as foregoing, but a

strong antero-internal ledge also in m’, this ledge therefore

well-differentiated in p®, p‘, m’, ps, py, aud m,; posterior

basal ledges still more strongly developed, as are generally

also the surface ridges ; outer and inner longitudinal ridges

of p*, m‘, ps, and m, (or at least some of these teeth but

rarely also p* and p;) showing a more or less distinct tendency

to break up into two or three separate cusps. Five species :—

D. viridis (Amboina group and Key Islands), crenulata

(Gilolo group), predatrix (Bismarck Archipelago), nesea

W. and C. Solomon Islands), and inermis (E. Solomon

Islands). Although, as here indicated, the section is repre-

sented in the Moluccas, Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon

Islands, no species with similar dental characters is known

from New Guinea.

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 38

534 = Messrs. O. Thomas and R. C. Wroughton on

LXVITI.—Diagnoses of new Mammals collected by Mr. H. C.

Robinson in the Islands of the Straits of Malacca. By

Oxprietp Tuomas and R. C. Wrovucuron *.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tut following are diagnoses of some new mammals obtained

by Mr. H.C. Robinson in the Islands of Langkawi and

Terutau, and presented by the Government of the Confede-

rated Malay States to the National Museum. The fuller

descriptions, with a detailed list of the collection from the

Islands, will be published in the Journal of the Museum at

Selangor.

1. Presbytis obscura carbo, subsp. n.

A local race of P. obscura, characterized by its darker

colouring in all details. Colour above black, paler and

suffused with reddish on the shoulders and anterior middle

back ; below dark brown. Nuchal patch pale drab-grey.

Thighs and tail dark grey. Hands and feet black.

Hab. Langkawi and Terutau Islands, Straits of Malacca

(type from Langkawi).

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 9.11.1.4. Original num-

ber 2373. Collected 25th February, 1909.

Three specimens examined,

2. “‘Pteropus hypomelanus robinsoni, Andersen, subsp. n.

“ Similar to Pt. hypomelanus tomesi, but mantle, breast, and

belly considerably lighter in colour. The same character

discriminates it from Pt. h. condorensis, from which it is

further distinguished by the more blackish, less brown colour

of the back. From Pt. h. canus and /epidus it is separable

by the much darker colour of the back, the lighter colour

of the mantle, breast, and belly, and the perfectly normal

size of the teeth. Finally, it is easily recognizable from |

Pt. h. annectens by the much darker colour of the back.

“* Hab. Rumbia Island, Straits of Malacca.

“Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 9. 11. 1. 8. Original

number 1779. Collected 5th March, 1909.

Three specimens examined.”

* The new Pteropus by Knud Andersen.

new Mammals from the Straits of Malacca. 535

8. Tupaia lacernata, sp. n.

Closely allied to 7. ferruginea, but distinguished by its

smaller size and more yellow colouring, especially between

the shoulders and on upper back.

Hab, Islands of Langkawiand Terutau, Straits of Malacca

(type from Langkawi).

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 9. 11. 1. 30. Original

number 2673. Collected 18th March, 1909.

Seventeen specimens examined.

4. Ratufa melanopepla fretensis, subsp. n.

An island race of melanopepla distinguished by the darker

colouring of the lower surface of the body, being ‘ tawny”

instead of at most “ochraceous” as in typical melanopepla.

R. m. tiomanensis is smaller and even darker-coloured,

Hab, Langkawi and Terutau Islands, Straits of Malacca

(type from Langkawi).

Type. Adult male. B.M.no.9. 11. 1.37. Original num-

ber 2217. Collected 8th February, 1909.

Eight specimens examined.

5. Sciurus concolor terutavensis, subsp. n.

Closely resembling S. c. lancavensis, Miller, in size and

coloration, but immediately distinguishable by wanting the

silvery-white suffusion on the belly and by having the midrib

of the tail below and the bases of the hairs of each side to a

length of 5-6 mm. coloured ochraceous buff.

Hab. Terutau Island, Straits of Malacca.

Type. Adult male. B.M.no. 9.11. 1.54. Original num-

ber 2580. Collected 7th March, 1909.

Ten specimens examined,

6. Mus vociferans tersus, subsp. n.

Rather smaller than M. v. lancavensis and darker than

that form, but at the same time without the markedly darker

dorsal area characteristic of typical vociferans. Dark upper-

side of tail extending for fully half its length, as in the

mainland animal. Tail rather shorter than in lancavensis,

markedly shorter than in the Trong form.

Hab. Terutau Island, Straits of Malacca.

Type. Old male. B.M. no. 9. 11.1. 80. Original num-

ber 2489. Collected 4th March, 1909.

Nineteen specimens examined.

38*

536 Mr. R. C. Wroughton on East African

7. Tragulus canescens terutus, subsp. n.

Closely resembling 7. canescens in coloration, but markedly

smaller. The dark-coloured nape characteristic of wmbrinus,

Miller, entirely wanting.

Hab. Terutau Island, Straits of Malacca.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 9. 11. 1. 159. Original

number 2438. Collected 26th October, 1909.

Seven specimens examined.

LXVIII.—Zast African Forms of Arvicanthis abyssinicus.

By R. C. Wroucuton.

Havine had occasion to lay out the specimens in the Natural

History Museum of Arvreanthis from British Africa, I find

that several well-marked local races can be distinguished.

Arvicanthus abyssinicus was described by Riippell from

Simen and Shoain Abyssinia. Besides cotypes, the Museum

possesses quite a long series from many parts of Abyssinia.

Thence to German East Africa, whence Matschie described

his A. neumanni (a very much smaller animal), the only

name I have been able to find is nairobe, Allen. This is

clearly a geographical race of abyssinicus, which it resembles

in colour and from which it ditfers chiefly in size.

Lhe additional forms I have been able to discriminate are:

one from Naivasha, closely resembling nazrobe, its near

neighbour, in size and colour, but easily separable by the

shape of the skall; also a reddish colour variety from

Unyoro, and a blackish one from Mt. Elgon.

Key to the Subspecies of A. abyssinicus.

A. General colour greyish (near “ hair-

brown”).

a. Size larger; hind foot=30 mm.,

ereatest length of skull = 36.

Hands and feet grey. (Abyssinia.)

b. Size smaller; hind foot=27 mm. or

less, greatest length of skull=54

or less.

a'. Hands and feet grey; skull very

broad and stoutly built, supra-

orbital crests strongly marked.

(Naiteb1.) Wik ick toate ates (2) a. natrobe, Allen.

b. Hands and feet yellow; skull nar-

row, slenderly built, supraorbital

crests much less developed.

(Naivasha,) 45445 0savrassae (3) a. preceps, subsp. n.

(1) abyssinicus, Riipp. (s.s.).

Forms of Arvicanthis abyssinicus, 537

B. General colour reddish (near “ van-

dyke brown”), Hands and feet yel-

low. Size large; hind foot=31 mm.

(Kisumu, Mount Elgon.) .......... (4) a. rubescens, subsp. n.

C. General colour blackish (near “seal-

brown”). Hands and feet dark.

Size large; hind foot=29 mm, (Ma-

Memes, UDGOrO.) os ccc ceccccecsace (5) a. nudbilans, subsp. un.

(1) Arvicanthis abyssinicus, Riipp.

1842. Mus abyssinicus, Riippell, Mus. Senck. iii. p. 104.

General colour-effect above pale “ hair-brown”’ ; individual

hairs of back (10 mm. long) have basal two-thirds black

and remainder “ cream-butf.” Dorsal median black stripe

enerally distinctly marked, never entirely absent. ‘T'ail

fake above, pale below, rather short. Hands and feet

rey.

Skull rather stout, supraorbital crests strongly marked,

anteorbital plates broad, rounded.

Dimensions of an adult male :—

Head and body 140 mm. ; tail 102; hind foot 29,

Skull: greatest length 36; basilar length 30; zygomatic

breadth 19; nasals length 15; interorbital breadth 6;

brain-case breadth 14; diastema 9°5; upper molar series 7.

More than a dozen specimens examined.

(2) Arvicanthis abyssinicus nairobe, Allen.

1909. Arvicanthis nairobe, Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H. p. 168,

This form is coloured exactly as typical ebyssinicus, but

the grizzling is much finer. Smaller in size all round than

the Abyssinian form. Hands and feet grey.

Skull broad in proportion to length, with, as Mr. Allen

points out, the nasals expanded anteriorly ; bulle large, asin

the Abyssinian form,

The following are measurements of a very old male from

the Athi River :—

Head and body 133 mm.; tail 107 ; hind foot 27.

Skall: greatest length 34°5 ; basilarlength 28; zygomatic

breadth 19; nasals length 13:5; interorbital breadth 5;

brain-case breadth 14; diastema 9; upper molar tooth-

row 6°6.

Specimens from Machakos seem to belong to this form,

It appears to differ from typical abyssinicus in little but its

smaller size.

538 Lust African Forms of Arvicanthis abyssinicus.

(3) Arvicanthis abyssinicus preceps, subsp. n.

Size rather smaller than in nazrobe; in colour quite re-

sembling that form, but with the yellow hands and feet of

rubescens.

Skull in length as in natirobe; markedly narrower and

more slightly built, bulla conspicuously smaller, nasals rather

shorter, not appreciably expanded.

Dimensions of type :—

Head and body 131 mm. ; tail 113; hind foot 25.

Skull: greatest length 33; basilar length 28; zygomatic

breadth 17; nasals length 12; interorbital breadth 475;

brain-case breadth 12‘5; diastema 8°5; upper molar tooth-

row 6°5.

Hab. Naivasha.

Type. Very old male. B.M. no. 0.6.21.34, Original

number 14. Collected 16th December, 1899, and presented

to the Natural History Museum by Lord Delamere.

Easily distinguishable from nazrobe, which it closely re-

sembles in colour, by its rather smaller size, yellow hands and

feet, and much narrower and more slenderly built skull. In

both praceps and nairobe the median black dorsal stripe is

practically absent.

(4) Arvicanthis abyssinicus rubescens, subsp. n.

General colour-effect above between “bistre’’ and “ van-

dyke-brown.” Length and colour-pattern of dorsal hairs as

in typical abyssinicus, but the pale tips darker (“ buff”) and

proportionally shorter, median dorsal stripe faint. Tail less

densely clothed than in the type form. Hands and feet

golden yellow.

Skull rather smaller in all details, much more slenderly

built.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 189 mm.; tail 129 ; hind foot 31.

Skull: greatest length 44; basilar length 28 ; zygomatic

breadth 17; nasals length 13; interorbital breadth 5; brain-

case breadth 13°5; diastema 9°5; upper molar series 6-3.

Hab. Kibero, Unyoro.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 2. 11. 1.16. Original

number 48. Collected by Dr. W.J. Ansorge on 4th August,

1897.

A dozen specimens from localities in Unyoro examined.

A series from Ankole and another from E. Ruwenzori seem

to belong to this form. In proportion to the body, the tail

Ona new Muride from British East Africa, 539

would seem to average rather longer in rubescens than in

typical abyssintcus.

(5) Arvicanthus abyssinicus nubilans, subsp. n,

General colour-effect above ‘seal-brown”; individual

dorsal hairs longer (12-13 mm.) than in the preceding forms,

the pale tips at most 3 mm. long; median dorsal stripe

absent. Tail proportionally longer than in rubescens, and

even more markedly hairy thanin typical abyssinicus. Uands

and feet dark.

Skull stoutly built, but slightly smaller than in the type

species ; bulla: markedly smaller, as small as, or even smaller

than, in the Masindi form.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 145 mm.; tail 115; hind foot 29.

Skull: greatest length 35; basilar length 30; zygomatic

breadth 15°6; nasals length 14; interorbital breadth 5:3;

brain-case breadth 14°3; diastema 9; upper molar series 6°5.

Hab. Kisumu, B. E. Africa. Alt. 3600!.

Type. Adult g. Rudd Collection. Original number 102.

Collected by R. Kemp, 12th August, 1909.

Eleven specimens examined. The grizzling is rather fine

and the resulting dark colour of the animal renders its

identification easy.

LXIX.—New Muridee from British East Africa,

By R. C. WRouGHTON.

Tatera dundast, sp. 0.

A Tatera allied to T. smithi and TZ. ruwenzorii, but larger

than either.

Fur long and soft (20-25 mm. on back). Ground-colour

bright pinkish buff, much obscured with black in the dorsal

region, much more so than in ruwenzorid, rather less so than

in Smithi, flanks bright salmon-buff, passing suddenly but

without any distinct dividing line into pure white of belly.

Skull with long posterior palatal foramina as in smithe and

all the African torms of the northern hemisphere; muzzle

markedly longer than in either of those species.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 190 mm.; tail (damaged) ; hind foot 35 ;

ear 21.

540 Mr. R. C. Wroughton on new

Skull *: greatest length 45 (42); basilar length 38 (34) ;

palatilar length 22°5 (20°3); greatest breadth 23; nasals

length 19 (16) ; interorbital breadth 7°5 (7°4) ; brain-case

breadth 17°8 (18°6); diastema 13°8 (12); upper molar

series 6°5 (6°8).

Hab. Kirvi, Mt. Elgon. Altitude 6000’.

Type. Old male. Rudd Collection. Original number 238.

Collected by R. Kemp, 11th Sept., 1909.

I have much pleasure in dedicating this species to Mr.

Dundas, who has guite recently presented to the Museum a

younger specimen from Mumias (alt. 4500’), Judging from

this individual, the tail in this species (as in ruwenzord and

smithi) is practically untufted, and that of the type, when

complete, was 180-190 mm. long. In my key to the genus

Tatera (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., May 1906, p. 477) these

three species should stand together with n7grita in a group

separated from all the other species under II. A. by the

greater length of the posterior palatal foramina. Within this

group nigrita is isolated by its black colour and small size,

dundast by its very large size, and ruwenzori: and smitht from

one another by the bright buffy colour of the one and the

duller greyish colour of the other.

Mus medicatus, sp. n.

A rat allied to and resembling J. hindet from Machakos,

but somewhat smaller and with a much longer tail in propor-

tion to the body.

Fur soft and silky, 12-15 mm. long on back. General

colour duller than in Aindez, ground-colour near “salmon-buff,”

much mixed with black on back, less so on sides, passing

rather abruptly but without any definite line into white of

belly, this last looking almost grey owing to the long slaty

bases of individual hairs. Hands and feet white. Tail

unicolorous, very sparsely haired, dark.

Skull as in Adnded, but larger, the bulle larger and the

palatal foramina longer.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 160 mm.; tail 178; hind foot 30; ear 21.

Skull: greatest length 40; basilar length 33; zygomatic

breadth 20; nasals 15; interorbital breadth 6; brain-case

breadth 15°5 ; diastema 10°5 ; upper molar series 6:2.

Hab. Mumias, B. E. Africa. Alt. 4500’.

* The figures in brackets are those of Tateru smithi.

Maride from British East Africa. 541

Type. Adult female. Rudd Collection. Original number

134. Collected by Mr. Kemp, 25th August, 1909.

Seven specimens examined, viz. two from Mumias (4500'),

five from Kirui (6000’).

While comparing the specimens of Mus medicatus with

those labelled M. hinded, | found, amongst these latter, three

specimens which seem to me quite distinct from both these

species.

Mus nora, sp. n.

A rat allied to and of the size of M. medicatus, and, like

that species, differing from J/. hinded by the greater length of

its tail in proportion to its body.

Fur soft and silky, longer than in MW. medicatus, 18-20 mm.

on back, Colour pattern quite as in the Elgon species, but

paler, the ground-colour being quite a pale buff instead of the

* salmon-buff” of medicatus.

Skull smaller than in medicatus, about as in hindei, teeth

slightly larger than in the former, much larger than in the

latter, bulla smaller even than in Adndei.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 170 mm.; tail 166; hind foot 29; ear 20.

Skull: greatest length 38°5; basilar length 31; greatest

breadth 19; nasals 17°5; interorbital breadth 5:5; brain-

case breadth 15°5; diastema 10°5; upper molar series 6°6.

flab, Guasa Narok, Upper Guaso Nyiro, Brit. E. Africa.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 6. 7.8.11. Original num-

ber 30. Collected by Mrs. Holms Tarn, 16th December,

1905, and presented to the National Collection.

Three specimens. The long loose coat and pale colour are

characteristic.

Dendromus acreus, sp. n.

A Dendromus of the pumilio group, with the dorsal stripe

well marked, as in DV. jamesont, black lines joining the eyes

to the point of the nose, forming a V-shaped mark,

Fur soft and silky, 5-7 mm. long on back. General

colour above near ochraceous buff, so modified, in a dry

specimen, by the slaty bases showing through, that it seems

near ‘“‘russet’”’; individual hairs (exclusive of some scattered

longer black hairs) dark slate, with buff tips at most 2 mm,

long. Buff colouring purer on flanks, fading gradually into

the pure white belly, in some specimens tinted with buffy on

the chest and lower throat. Face dark like back ; cheeks and

542 Mr. O. Thomas on

muzzle, outside V-shaped black mark, buffy white, quickly

fading into pure white of chin and throat. Hands and feet

near “ clay-colour.” Tail dark above, whitish beneath.

Skull rather short, rather wide across zygomata, brain-

case small,

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 60 mm.; tail 76; hind foot 15; ear 10,

Skull: greatest length 19 (c.) ; basilar length 14; zygo-

matic breadth 11; nasals 7°5 ; interorbital breadth 3; brain-

case breadth 8; diastema 5; upper molar series 3.

fab. Kirui, Elgon, British Kast Africa. Alt. 6000’.

Type. Old male. Rudd Collection. Original number 152.

Collected by Mr. R. Kemp, 30th August, 1909.

A fine series of thirteen specimens of both sexes.

In size and the presence of the black dorsal stripe the

present species closely approaches D. gamesont from the

‘Transvaal, but it is much duller in colour, the dorsal stripe

never extends in front of the shoulders, rarely as far, and its

skull (especially the bull) is somewhat smaller.

LXX.—New African Mammals. By Ox.prirtp THomas.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Cercopithecus ascanius whitesidei, subsp. 0.

A spot-nosed monkey agreeing with true ascanius in

having red hairs on the ears, but with the dark cheek-stripe

much less developed.

General colour above a warm tawny-olive, the dorsal

hairs ringed with black and ochraceous. Under surface

sharply defined creamy white. Nose-spot ‘‘ pinkish buff,”

not white as is usual. A well-marked black frontal line,

passing round to the base of each ear. Temporal whorl

present, but inconspicuous, its hairs dull creamy-white ;

hairs below it tipped with black, and so forming an in-

distinct darker cheek-band, but none of the hairs are black

to their bases, and there is nothing of the strong black

cheek-patch so conspicuous in true ascanius. Hairs of ear

orange-rufous. Outer side of arms blackish from elbows

downwards, the dark passing quite round the wrists and

lower arms. Inner sides proximally white. Legs externally

like back to knees, then slaty greyish, internally white to

ankles ; feet black, slightly ticked with buffy. Tail above

new African Mammals. 543

like back proximally, then darkening, turning more rufous

and finally black at end; below prominently sharply con-

trasted white, turning rich reddish at about half its length,

the extreme tip below also black.

Dimensions of type (measured by collector in the flesh ):—

Head and body 530 mm. ; tail 880; hind foot 120.

Skull: greatest length 98 ; basal length 70; breadth of

brain-case 52 ; upper cheek-tooth series 22.

Hab. Nsoli, Ikan, Upper Lulanga River, Central Congo.

About 1° N., 22° E.

Type. Adult male. Original number 3. Collected

15th July, 1909, by the Rev. H. M. Whiteside.

Specimens of the ascanius group are so rare that I am not

able to make a detailed comparison of this handsome monkey

with the various forms which have been described, but it

would seem to be different from all by the reduction of the

black on the cheeks. Its white underside, buffy nose-spot,

and red-ended sharply contrasted tricolor tail render this

monkey a very striking object, but how far these characters

are aflected by age remains to be proved.

Rousettus kempi, sp. n.

Allied to, but with heavier teeth than, R. lanosus.

External characters as in the Ruwenzori Mountain Fruit-

bat, R. lanosus, except that the long hairs of the back, rump,

and interfemoral region tend to be greyer. Palate-ridges

4—3—1.

Skull as in Janosus, the brain-case equally strongly

deflected.

Teeth larger, broader, and heavier throughout, more as in

ordinary Rousets, not so highly specialized as in R. lanosus.

Incisors, canines, and anterior premolars as in danosus.

P* 3 mm. in horizontal length as against 2:4 in lanosus ;

m' 30x15 (lanosus 25x12); m® 28x15; py 24;

m, 2°9xX 1°45; mg 19x 1°4.

Forearm of the type 86 mm.

Head and body (measured in flesh) 125 mm.; tail 15 ;

ear 23.

“Hab. Kirui, Mt. Elgon, British East Africa. Alt. 6000’.

Type. Subadult male. Rudd Collection. Original number

269. Collected 16th September, 1909.

This is evidently the Elgon representative of the

Ruwenzori A. /anosus; the Shoa specimen mentioned by

Dr. Andersen * would appear, as is natural, to be the same

as the Elgon rather than the Ruwenzori species.

* Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xix. p. 511 (1907).

544 Mr. O. Thomas on

Scotecus albigula, sp. n.

Closely allied to S. hindei, Thos. (locality Kitui, Ukamba),

but the whole under surface nearly uniform whitish, the

bases of the hairs only faintly greyer (browner on the lower

abdomen), the whitish underside of neck in particular con-

trasting markedly with the brown upperside. Fur a little

softer and more woolly, as is natural at the higher elevation.

A band of fine whitish hairs along the membrane just

external to the forearm, this part being quite naked in

S. hindei.

Skull slightly longer than that of hindei and its palate

rather broader. A minute p! present on each side in, or

close behind, a deep notch in the cingulum of the canine.

No such tooth is present in the type of S. hindei, but it

occurs in the specimen from Nyasaland mentioned by

Mr. Wroughton in 1907 +.

Dimensions of type (the starred measurements taken in

the flesh) :—

Forearm 38 mm.

Head and body * 58; tail* 85; ear* 13; third finger,

metacarpal 36°5, lst phalanx 12°5 ; lower leg and hind foot

(c. u.) 20.

Skull: condylo-basal length 14°5 ; basi-sinual length 11 ;

front of canine to back of m? 6; breadth across palate out-

side molars 7°8.

Hab. Kirui, Mt. Elgon, Brit. E. Africa. Alt. 6000’.

Type Adult male. Rudd Collection. Original number

200. Collected 5th September, 1909, by R. Kemp.

Heliosciurus gambianus senescens, subsp. 0.

General characters as in H. gambianus, but the whole

animal lighter and greyer, the shoulders and hips especially

much lighter, owing to a liberal admixture of white or

greyish-white hairs. Hairs of the middie of the back and

rump ringed with pale buff or cream-buff and black, as

compared with the more fawn or ochraceous tone of the

light rings in true gambianus. Other characters as in that

animal.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 220 mm. ; tail 245 ; hind foot 46.

Skull imperfect. A fully adult skull of another specimen

is 47 mm. in greatest length ; upper cheek-teeth 8-7.

Hab. Senegal. Type from Thies.

Type. Immature female. B.M.no. 9.11. 2.11. Collected

llth May, 1907, by F. W. Riggenbach. Six specimens.

+ Mem, Manchester Phil. Soe. li. no. 5, p. 4,

new African Mammals. 545

TACHYORYCTES.

The comparison of a series of Mole-Rats from the Elgon

district in the Rudd Collection with those in the British

Museum shows that these animals are fairly constant locally,

and, like as they are externally, have cranial characters

which enable me to distinguish the following different forms

among those hitherto referred to my 7. ibeanus.

Tachyoryctes ankolia, sp. n.

Distinguished by the fact that, even in the oldest speci-

mens, the parietal ridges never quite meet to form a single

median sagittal crest, the space between them on the crown

never less than about 2-3 mm. _ Frontal part of ridges, above

the intertemporal constriction, strongly developed, high,

and in some cases meeting in the middle line. Spread of

zygomata about as in ibeanus.

Nasals fairly broad anteriorly. Teeth rather larger than

in the type of 7. ibeanus. Bulle rather small.

Size medium. General colour rather pale. Proportion of

plumbeous specimens small.

Dimensions of type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 200 mm.; tail 60; hind foot 28.

Condylo-basilar length 43; zygomatic breadth 33; nasals

17°77 x67; brain-case* 19°2x193; upper molar series

(crowns) 9°1; length of bulla 10-2.

Hab. Burumba, Ankole, 8S. Uganda.

Type. Old male. B.M. no. 4.2.6.25. Original number

583. Collected Ist August, 1903, by W. G. Doggett. Pre-

sented by Col. K. Delmé-Radcliffe. Eight specimens.

Tachyoryctes demon, sp. u.

Size markedly smaller than in 7. ibeanus. Sagittal crest

linear in adults, owing to the meeting of the parietal ridges

in the middle line, as is also the case in all the succeeding

species; the crest itself is, however, not very strongly

developed in the present form, Zygomata strongly bowed

out anteriorly, forming a marked projecting shoulder on each

side, much more so than in the next species. Nasals medium

or narrow, a slight re-entrant curve generally present on

each side.

Colour a fairly dark fulvous, all three adult specimens

with dark faces.

Dimensions of type skull (no external measurements

available) :—

Condylo-basal length 42 mm.; zygomatic breadth 32:5;

* Length measured on either side from the antero-lateral protuberances

to the lambdoid ridge; breadth above the zygoma-roots.

546 Mr. Q. Thomas on

nasals 15°5 X5°8; brain-case 20 18°3 ; upper molar series

9:4; length of bulla 10.

Hab. Mt. Kilimanjaro. Alt. 50007.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 89. 3.8.5. Collected and

presented by H. C. V. Hunter, Esq. Five specimens.

Distinguishable from the last species by its linear sagittal

crest, and from the next by its more abruptly and widely

expanded zygomata.

Tachyoryctes ruddi, sp. n.

Size as in T.demon. Sagittal crest lmear, more developed

than in that animal. WNasals narrow, often barely broader

anteriorly than halfway back, a well-marked re-entrant curve

on each side. Zygomata not widely expanded anywhere,

and the expansion very gradual, so that there is scarcely any

perceptible shoulder on each side. Bulle and molars rather

smaller than in 7’. demon.

Colour dark, an unusual proportion of specimens

plumbeous.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :-—

Head and body 185 mm.; tail 65; hind foot 26.

Skull: condylo-basal length 42°6; zygomatic breadth 31;

nasals 18x 5°5; brain-case 19x18°5; upper molar series

7°8; length of bulle 9°3.

Hab. Kirui, Elgon, British E. Africa. Alt. 6000’. Other

specimens from Mumias.

Type. Oldmale. Rudd Collection. Original number 183.

Collected 38rd September, 1909, by R. Kemp. ‘Twenty

specimens.

This Elgon species is distinguishable from that of Mt.

Kilimanjaro by the uniformly less marked anterior expansion

of its zygomata.

I have named it in honour of Mr. C. D. Rudd, of whose

collection it forms a part, and to whom I am indebted for

the privilege of describing it.

Tachyoryctes ruddi badius, sp. 0.

Essential characters of ruddi, but the colour, instead of

averaging darker than usual, is brighter than in any other

known form, a bright tawny-russet. Below, again, instead

of being almost wholly blackish, the hairs are broadly tipped

with tawny. Lars, feet, and tail silvery, with a slight

fulvous tinge.

Skull-dimensions of type :—

Condylo-basilar length 43°5 mm.; zygomatic breadth 33°5 ;

nasals 17°2 x 6°2; upper molar series 8°6.

Hab. Eldoma Ravine, Brit. E. Africa, Alt. 7200’.

new African Mammals. 547

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 3. 3.7.4. Original num-

ber 5. Collected 16th January, 1903, and presented by

F. W. Isaac, Esq.

Tachyoryctes storeyi, sp. 0.

Size comparatively large, only exceeded among E. African

forms by 7. annectens. Brain-case particularly long, its

length greater than its breadth. Nasals long, expanded in

front, with well-marked re-entrant lateral curves. Sagittal

crest well-developed. Zygomata of medium expansion.

Incisors broader in proportion than those of iseanus.

Dimensions of the type skull (no external measurements

available) :—

Condylo-basal length 46°5 mm.; zygomatic breadth 33°6 ;

nasals 20x 7°8; brain-case 21519; upper molar series

85; length of bulle 11.

Hab. Lake Elmentaita, Brit. E. Africa.

Type. Adult male. B.M., no. 4.2.1.3. Original number

500. Collected 10th October, 1903, and presented by C. B.

C. Storey, Esq., after whom I have named the species.

This well-marked form is readily distinguishable by its

comparatively large size, long and well-detined brain-case, and

long nasals.

Tachyoryctes naivashe, sp. n.

Size smallest of the gronp; the skull broad, low, and flat-

tened. Nasalssmall, evenly tapering backwards. Zygomata

strong, widely expanded. Sagittal crest not highly developed.

Bulle of medium size.

Colour variable, the type light, its face not darker, a second

specimen dark, with a blackish face.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 188 mm.; tail 46; hind foot 24.

Skull: condylo-basal length 39°5 ; zygomatic breadth 31:3;

nasals 16°2x6°3; brain-case 17°2x18'2; upper molar

series 7°5; length of bull 10.

Hab. Lake Naivasha. Alt. 6350’.

Type. Old female. B.M. no. 8.2.6.1. Original number

A. 11. Collected 25th May, 1901, and presented by R. J.

Cuninghame, Esq.

It is curious that this, the smallest East-African Tachyo-

ryctes, should occur quite close to the two largest, 7. an-

nectens and storeyi. Its small size and flattened skull will

readily separate it from any other form,

Tachyoryctes spalacinus, sp. n.

A medium-sized species, with the occipital plane unusually

slanted forward, .

548 On new African Mammals.

Size about as in 7. ruddi. Sagittal crest linear, well

developed. Nasals rather small, with but slight tendency to

lateral re-entrant curves. Occipital plane much more slanted

forward than usual, tending toward the condition charac-

teristic of Spalav, the plane at an angle to a gnathion—

condylar line of about 65°, as compared with about 75° in all

the other East-African species; the lambdon above the

anterior edge of the external auditory meatus.

Colour of the single specimen rather dark, the head

blackened.

Dimensions of the type :—

Hind foot (dry) 29 mm.

Skull: condylo-basal length 42°5 ; zygomatic breadth 31°5 ;

nasals 15°7X5°5; tip of nasals to lamhdon 38 ; brain-case

18x 18-3; upper molar series 8 ; length of bull 105.

Hab. Embi, near Mt. Kenya. Alt. 5400’.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 0.6.1. 41. Original num-

ber 30. Collected 8th February, 1900, and presented by

Lord Delamere. )

Readily recognizable by its sloping occipital plane.

Leggada triton, sp. n.

A large species, allied to L. musculoides and L. fors.

General colour above about that of Mus musculus, or

rather darker. Below greyish, the hairs slaty at base, their

ends greyish white with a slight buffy tone; line of demar-

cation on sides not sharply defined. Upper side of hands

and feet dark brown. Tail of medium length.

Skull markedly larger than that of any other known

species, its surface smooth and rounded. Supraorbital edges

well defined.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) ;—

Head and body 81 mm.; tail 51; hind foot 16.

Skull: greatest length 23 mm. (21 in the older type of

L. fors); greatest breadth 11°5; nasals 9; interorbital

breadth 4; breadth of brain-case 10°6 ; palatal foramina 5:1 ;

upper molar series 3°8.

Hab. Kirui, Elgon, British East Africa. Alt. 6000°.

Type. Adult female. Rudd Collection. Original number

252. Collected 13th September, 1909, by Robin Kemp.

Three specimens.

Readily distinguishable from its allies by the greater size

of its skuil.

Leggada sorella, sp. n.

A large species of the smaller group of the genus, that

containing tlie species with a white belly edged with buffy.

Size approaching that in the L. musculoides group. Fur

On new Mammals from British East Africa. 5AD

erisp ; hairs of back about 4°55 mm. in length. Colour of back

_and crown about as in L. triton, but on the cheeks and sides

this becomes more buffy, and there is an unusually definite

buffy-ochraceous line edging the belly, which is sharply

defined pure white. Upper side of hands and feet white.

Tail rather short, dark above, dull whitish below.

Skull long, unusually slender, especially in the muzzle ;

incisors more thrown forward than usual; brain-case narrow,

smooth, and rounded. Palatal foramina long, reaching past

the antero-internal cusp of m'.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 65 mm.; tail 37 ; hind foot 12.

Skull: greatest length 21 (18 in ZL. grata) ; nasals 7:7 ;

interorbital breadth 3°5 ; breadth of brain-case 9°2; palatal

foramina 5°6 ; upper molar series 3°6.

Hab. Kirui, Elgon. Alt. 6000’.

Type. Adult female. Rudd Collection. Original number

282. Collected 16th September, 1909, by Robin Kemp.

This pretty species is most nearly allied to the ordinary

L. grata of East Africa generally, but is distinguished by its

long slender skull.

LXXI.—New Mammals from British East Africa.

By Guy Doituman, B.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Galago braccatus albipes, subsp. n.

Allied to Galaga braccatus, Elliot, but with much lighter-

coloured limbs and darker back.

Fur soft and of medium length; individual hairs measuring

about 13 mm. in length on back. General colour of back dark

ashy grey. Upper surface of fore limbs similar in colour to

back, paler and yellower towards the extremities. Upper

surface of hind limbs dark grey for the first 30 mm. or so,

the remainder pale yellowish buff, rather greyer on the

inside. Backs of fingers and toes white. Under surface of

body greyish white; throat and chest buff-coloured. Under-

sides of limbs greyish-buff, the buff tint not nearly so rich

as in G. braccatus.

Skull with shorter nasals and smaller teeth.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 175 mm. ; tail 270; hind foot 65; ear 41.

Skull: greatest length 46 mm. ; basilar length 32; con-

dylo-basilar length 38; zygomatic breadth 33°5 ; palatilar

length 14; length of upper tooth-row, from front of first

premolar to back of last molar 13.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 39

550 Mr. G. Dollman on new

Hab. Kirui, Elgon, British East Africa. Altitude 6000 feet.

Type. Adult male. Rudd Collection. Original number

210. Collected by Mr. R. Kemp on September 8th, 1909.

The dark grey-coloured back and much paler limbs and

under surface indicate that these Elgon specimens must be

considered subspecifically distinct from G. braccatus.

Lophuromys zena, sp. u.

Larger than L. aqguilus, True, and with the body speckled

all over with buff.

Tail longer, measuring 64 mm. in the flesh. Fur thick

and of medium length, about 10 mm. in length on back.

General colour of back reddish brown (near raw umber no. 3,

‘Repertoire de Couleurs’), closely speckled with orange- -

buff, the speckling extending back on to the rump and hind

limbs. Individual hairs of back orange at base, becoming

brownish towards the middle, subterminal ring orange-buff,

tip dark brown. Flanks and upper surface of limbs similar

in colour to back, but not quite so rich in colour. Sides of —

face buffy (snuff-brown no 1, ‘ Repertoire’). Backs of hands

brownish, with a light buff-coloured patch on the inside of

the wrist ; digits covered with short greyish hairs. Upper

surface of feet brown, with a similar light-coloured patch on

the outside of the metatarsal region, toes covered with light

greyish-white hairs. Under surface of body yeliowish buff

(maize-yellow no. 2, ‘ Repertcire’). Underside of limbs

rather greyer in colour than belly. Upper surface of tail

thinly covered with short dark brown hairs ; lower surface

rather more thickly clothed with greyish-white hairs.

Skull large, with rather long nasals and palatal foramina ;

teeth a little larger than those of the following species.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 134 mm.; tail 64; hind foot 20; ear 17.

Skull : condylo-basal Jength 29 mm.; basal length 26:1;

condylo-basilar length 27°2 ; basilar length 24°9; zygomatic

breadth 15; palatal length 14°5; palatilar length 12°9;

greatest length of nasals 12:2; length of palatal foramina 64;

length of upper molar series 5:5.

Hab. East side of the Aberdare Range, near Nyeri, British

East Africa; lat. O° 28’ 00” S., long. 36° 45’ 00” E.

Altitude 9581 feet.

Type. Adultmale. B.M.no.6.7.8.27. Original number

17. Presented by Mrs. Holms Tarn, who collected the

specimen on November 8th, 1905.

In addition to the type, Mrs. Holms Tarn has presented

ten other specimens to the Museum, all from the Aberdare

Range, the whole series being exactly similar to the type.

Mammals from British East Africa. 551

I have compared this form with Mr. True’s description of

L. aquilus, and consider that it must be regarded as a distinct

species,

Lophuromys rubecula, sp. n.

Allied to the foregoing species, but much darker in colour

and more finely speckled with orange.

Size rather smaller than ZL. zena. General colour of back

dark brown (dark chocolate-brown no. 3, ‘ Repertoire de

Couleurs ’), very finely speckled, over the entire surface,

with bright orange. Individual hairs of back orange-red at

base, gradually darkening towards the apical portion ; sub-

terminal ring orange, tip black. Sides of face richer in

colour than flanks (near fawn no. 3, ‘ Repertoire’). Upper

surface of hands and feet brownish red, the feet rather paler

than the hands. Under surface of body rich cinnamon

(yellowish salmon no. 3, ‘ Repertoire’), darker on the throat,

chest, and underside of limbs. Upper surface of tail

brownish black, lower surface greyish, but not so light in

colour as in L. zena.

Skull rather smaller than that of ZL. zena, with shorter

nasals and smaller check-teeth.

Dimensions of the type (measured in thie flesh) :-—

Head and body 118 mm. ; tail 62; hind foot 20; ear 17.

Skull: condylo-basal length 27°8; basal length 25:1;

condylo-basilar length 26; basilar length 23°8 ; zygomatic

breadth 14; palatal length 135; palatilar length 11:7;

greatest length of nasals 11; length of palatal foramina 5°5 ;

length of upper tooth-row 4°7.

Hub, Elgonyi, Elgon, British East Africa. Altitude7000ft.

Type. Adult male. RuddCollection. Originalnamber311.

Collected by Mr. R. Kemp on September 26th, 1909.

In addition to the type, Mr. Kemp obtained two other

specimens réferable to this new form, both from Elgonyi.

This species is readily distinguished from L. zena by

its smaller size and very much darker colour, and from

L. aquilus, True, by the richer colour at the bases of the

hairs and in having the entire upper surface finely speckled

with buffy orange.

It is interesting to note that L. ansorgei, de Wint., a

member of the western sikapusi group, occurs quite close to

Elgon, the type locality being Mumias.

Uranomys, gen. nov, (J/uride).

Size similar to Lophuromys. Hind feet small, with short

toes; claws small, as in Muriculus.

Fur long and harsh, very much as in Lophuromys. Tail

longer than in Muriculus, thinly clad with short coarse hairs,

552 On new Mammals from British East Africa.

Skull similar in general appearance to that of Muriculus,

but very much larger and more heavily built. Pterygoid

region quite unlike both that of Muriculus and Lophuromys,

a well-defined A-shaped ridge extending from the posterior

end of the palate to the anterior ends of the auditory bulle.

Incisors large and heavy, thrown forwards even more than

in the case of Muricu/us. Lower jaw similar in shape to

that of Muriculus ; incisors extending back into the posterior

part of the mandible, to form a prominent excrescence close

to the condyle.

Type. Uranomys ruddi.

The unique arrangement of the pterygoid region necessi-

tates this species being regarded as forming a distinct genus,

The skin-characters would appear to indicate a close re-

lationship with the genus Lophuromys, but, on account of the

general structure of the skull, this new form must be

considered as more nearly allied to Muriculus.

Uranomys ruddi, sp. u.

General appearance very much that of a light-coloured

Lophuromys.

Feet and ears rather small, tail a little longer than that

of Lophuromys aquilus, True. Hair on back harsh and long,

measuring about 17 mm. in length on rump. General

colour of back greyish brown (warm sepia no. 1, ‘ Repertoire

de Couleurs’), paling to a buffy tint (between dark fawn

no. 2 and yellowish salmon no. 3, ‘ Repertoire ’) on the sides

and upper surface of limbs. Individual hairs of back slaty

grey at base, tips dark brown, subterminal ring orange-buff.

Nasal region and top of head rather darker than back.

Sides of face pale buff. Upper surface of hands and feet

white. Under surface of body white, washed over with

pinkish buff (pale flesh no. 1, ‘ Repertoire’). + Tail thinly

covered with short, rather stiff, grey hairs.

Skull strongly built. Cranial region large and rather

elongate, almost pear-shaped. Nasals broad and very short,

the premaxillary region projecting for about 3 mm. in front

of their anterior ends. Occipital region well developed.

Palatal foramina very long, extending back posteriorly as far

as the middle of the first molar. Auditory bull rather

small and flat. Molar series small, evidently murine in

character, but the teeth are too worn to make out the cusps.

Palate, pterygoids, and incisors as described above.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 118 mm. ; tail 77; hind foot 19; ear 15.

Skull: greatest length 30°4; condylo-basal length 28°5 ;

Bibliographical Notice. 553

basal length 27; condylo-basilar length 27; basilar length

26; zygomatic breadth (across squamosal region) 16 ;

nasals, greatest length 10, greatest breadth 3°2; length of

palatal foramina 8; length of upper molar series 5.

Hab. Kirui, Elgon, British East Africa. Altitude 6000

feet.

Type. Old female. Rudd Collection. Original number

257. Collected by Mr. R. Kemp on September 14th, 1909.

I have named this interesting species after Mr. C. D.

Rudd, to whose enterprise the discovery of this new genus is

due.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE,

Fische der Sitd-See.—Part VIII. By Dr. ArtgerrGinrner. Being

Heft xvi. of the ‘Journal des Museum Godeffroy.’ Hamburg,

1909. 4to.

For the benefit of those of the readers of the ‘ Annals’ who may

have forgotten, or may never have been acquainted with, the history

of the ‘ Journal of the Museum Godeftroy,’ we offer this brief sum-

mary of its origin and object. In the latter half of the last century

a wealthy merchant of Hamburg, the late Herr Cesar Godetfroy,

whose firm had extensive trade connexions in many parts of the

world, and especially in the Pacific, conceived the idea of collecting

in a separate museum the numerous objects brought home by his

ships. ‘This, the ‘‘ Museum Godeffroy,” was placed in the charge of

an exceedingly able curator, the late J. D. E. Schmeltz, whose death,

as Director of the Ethnographical Museum at Leyden, we had to

deplore last year. By the advice of the latter, and guided by his

own enlightened and generous spirit, Godetfroy not only engaged a

staff of experienced collectors, who sent home large and numerous

consignments of ethnographical and natural history specimens, but

also determined upon the creation of a special Journal, in which the

more important results of the labours of his travellers should be

published.

Thus the ‘ Journal of the Museum Godeffroy’ was devoted to a

miscellaneous series of papers on ethnographical, geographical,

botanical, and zoological subjects. The first part appeared in 1873,

L. Friederichsen & Co., of Hamburg, being the publishers.

Among the men who worked for the Godeffroy Museum was a

collector, Andrew Garrett, who during his long residence in the

Pacific islands, particularly in the Sandwich and Society groups,

had formed a collection of some 470 illustrations of fishes, drawn

and coloured from life by himself. This collection was purchased

by C. Godeffroy with the view of utilising it for his Journal. He

consulted Dr. Giinther, who proposed to make it the basis for the

54 Bibliographical Notice.

illustrations of a general work on the fishes of the South Seas»

which was to include all the species then known. Dr. Giinther

undertook to prepare this work on the understanding that he

should be at liberty to make a first selection from all collections sent

to Hamburg for the completion of the series in the British Museum.

It was arranged that this monograph, whilst forming an integral

portion of the Journal, should have certain parts exclusively devoted

to it, with a consecutive pagination of its own.

Seven parts of the ‘ Fische der Siid-See’ (pp. 1-260), illustrated

with 160 plates, had appeared, when, in 1881, owing to financial

difficulties, the Godeffroy Museum, and with it the Journal, ceased

to exist.

More than twenty-five years elapsed before the energetic publisher

Dr. L. Friederichsen, of Hamburg, succeeded in finding the means

for the continuance and completion of the ‘ Fische der Siid-Nee ’

through the munificence of the Trustees of the ** Dr. Wilhelm Martin

von Godeffroy Familien-Fidei-Commiss Stiftung.” It is a fortunate

circumstance that the author of the earlier parts has been able to

undertake the completion of a work to the preparation of which he

had devoted much time and labour. It would either have been left

unfinished or have been continued by another hand, with the in-

evitable consequence of lack of uniformity of treatment. Besides,

the British Museum was clearly the place most appropriate to the

work, containing as it does the most complete collection of South-

Sea fish, many obtained by Garrett and others of the Godeffroy

staff, as well as a large number of types from the Indian Ocean

which, on account of their close affinity to species of the Pacific

fauna, are necessary for critical comparative examination.

The new part consists of 128 pages of letterpress, illustrated by

several text-figures, and 20 plates, executed partly by Werner and

Winter, partly by Green. It deals with the Labride, Anacanthini,

and Malacopterygii-Pharyngognathi and Abdominales, Over 200

species are described, but only eight are added to those previously

named, the author taking binominal species in a wider sense than

some ichthyologists of the present time. And in this he seems to

be particularly justified in a family like the Labride, in which the

coloration varies in an extraordinary degree with age and season,

sex and locality. Itis to be regretted that the author was unable

to make more considerable additions to our knowledge of life-

histories ; but in this respect we could only expect information of

value from scientific observers residing for a considerable period in

the islands. Garrett seems to have been satisfied with endeavouring

to acquaint us with the wonderful brilliance and play of colour of

the fish of the Pacific Coral-reefs; eighteen out of twenty plates

have been reproduced from his pictures.

We hope that the Author will be able to carry out his intention

of issuing another part within the coming year, which will then

conclude this magnificent monograph.

or"

555

INDEX to VOL. IV.

Anrmatus, characters of the new

genus, 521.

Acalles, new species of, 143.

Acantharctia, new species of, 361.

Acanthodactylus, new species of, 189.

Acanthopsolus, new species of, 15.

Achatina, new species of, 88.

Emilia, new species of, 360.

/Emona, new species of, 281.

Agapostemon, new species of, 25.

Agrotis, new species of, 369.

Agylla, new species of, 353.

Amastus, new species of, 214, 358.

Ammalo, new species of, 205.

Amphidiscophora, on the phylogeny

of the, 479.

Amphiskirra, characters of the new

genus, 6:3.

Amsacta, new species of, 362.

Anaphosia, new species of, 354.

Andersen, K., on the fruit-bats of the

genus Dobsonia, 528.

Anderson, M. P., on a new Japanese

vole, 317.

Andrews, Dr. C. W., on new plesio-

swuria from the Oxford clay of

Peterborough, 418.

Anthobosea, new species of, 343,

Anthribus, new species of, 159.

Antiphilus, characters of the new

genus, 521.

Aotus, new species of, 199.

Apachnas, characters of the new

genus, 330.

Aphoceelis, characters of the new

genus, 137.

Apollodotus, characters of the new

genus, 454.

Areoscapus, new species of, 64.

Archidux, characters of the new

genus, 125.

Arctiane, new South-American, 205.

Aretas, characters of the new genus,

450

Arnomus, new species of, 286.

Arrow, G. J., on new Jamellicorn

coleoptera from the Vriental region,

91; systematic notes on coleo; tera

of the clavicorn families, 190.

Arthroleptis, new species of, 496,

Arvicanthis abys-inicus, on the East

African forms of, 536.

Aspiorhynchus, new species of, 432.

Asses, on the agriotype of domestic,

523.

Asura, new species of, 357.

Atholus, new species of, 298.

Athor, characters of the new genus,

69.

Atrichatus, new species of, 286,

Augochlora, new species of, 399;

new subspecies of, 31.

Automolis, new species of, 224, 357.

Beeorhynchodes, characters of the

new genus, 158,

Baritius, new species of, 209, 225,

Bassaricyon, new species of, 233.

Bather, Dr. F. A., on some common

crinoid names, and the fixation of

nomenclature, 37.

Batrachia, new, 492, 496.

Beamys, characters of the new

genus, 107.

Bethune-Baker, G. T., on new species

of rhopalocera from North New

Guinea, 183.

Biolleyana, characters of the new

genus, 335.

Birds, new, 129, 242.

Bombus, new species of, 397.

Books, new :—Iowa Geological Sur-

vey, 71; Boulenger’s Catalogue of

the Fresh-water Fishes of Africa,

vol. i., 307; Lankester's Treatise

on Zoology, pt. ix., 308; Hamp-

son's Catalogue of the Lepidoptera

Phalene in the British Museum,

vol. viii., 391; Austen’s Tlustra-

tions of African Blood-sucking

Flies other than Mosquitoes and

Tsetse-Flies, 392 ; Memoirs of the

Indian Museum, vol. ii. no. 2, 484;

Giinther’s Fische der Siid-See,

part viii., 553,

556 INDEX.

Boulenger, G. A., onnew freshwater

fishes from South Cameroon, 186;

on a new species of Acanthodac-

tylus, 188; on three new fishes

from Portuguese Guinea, 429; on

new frogs and a new snake from

Formosa, 492; on new frogs from

Usambara, 496; on a new chara-

cinid fish from Mexico, 497.

Bradypate, new species of, 66.

Broun, Major T., on new genera and

species of New-Zealand coleoptera,

51, 180, 275.

Burmeister’s ‘Genera Insectorum,’

on the dates of the parts of, 72,

164.

Burr, Dr. M., notes on the forficu-

laria, 113.

Calamonastes, new species of, 150.

Callicebus, new species of, 244.

Calliopsis, new subspecies of, 28.

Callostracum, definition of the new

generic name, 229.

Calocoris, new species of, 511.

Calonotos, new species of, 346.

Campsomeris, new species of, 171.

Camptobrochis, new species of, 516.

Candalides, new species of, 184.

Capsidz, new Oriental, 440, 509.

Carathis, new species of, 208.

Carcinops, new species of, 299,

Catoptes, new species of, 60,

Celama, new species of, 349.

Cercopithecus, new species of, 258,

274, 304, 542.

Chabuata, new species of, 580.

Champsoborus, characters of the new

genus, 187.

Chionzema, new species of, 355.

Chirodon, new species of, 497.

Chrysostola, new species of, 347.

Cinnamus, characters of the new

genus, 441,

Cirphis, new species of, 384.

Citellus, new subspecies of, 501.

Clarias, new species of, 188.

Clavicorn coleoptera, systematic

notes on the, 190.

Clypeolus, characters of the new

genus, 142.

Cockerell, T. D. A., descriptions and

records of bees, 25, 309, 395.

Coleoptera, new, 51, 91, 180, 190,

275, 291.

Colletes, new species of, 397.

Colobus, new species of, 474.

Copicucullia, new species of, 384.

Corbicula, new species of, 90.

Craseomys, new species of, 317.

Cricetulus, new subspecies of,

503.

Criniger, new species of, 130.

Crinoid names, on some common,

37.

Crocidura, new species of, 99.

Crocisa, new species of, 401.

Crustacea, new, 31.

Cucullia, new species of, 385,

Cummings, B.F., on the land isopoda

of Lundy Island, 319.

Delias, new species of, 176.

Dendromus, new species of, 541,

Diacrisia, new species of, 360.

Dichonia, new species of, 386.

Dihemistephanus lydiz, note on,

Dindinga, characters of the new

genus, 82.

Diophantus, characters of the new

genus, 510.

Distant, W. L., rhynchotal notes,

73, 320; descriptions of Oriental

Capsidz, 440, 509.

Dixophlebia, new species of, 346.

Dobsonia, note on the genus, 528;

new species of, 531.

Dollman, G., on six new species of

Aotus, 199;.on a new species of

Presbytis, 204; on a new species

of Fossa, 3C6 ; on two new species

of Colobus, 474; on new mammals

from British East Africa, 549.

Douglas, J. A., on the carboniferous

limestone of County Clare, 161.

Drake-Brockman, R. E, on new

species of Madoqua and Rhyncho-

tragus, 48. )

Dreissensia, new species of, 88.

Drepanocerus, new species of, 93.

Druce, H. H.,on anew lyceenid from

Formosa, 416.

Druthmarus, characters of the new

genus, 452.

Drymaria, characters of the new

genus, 56.

Dryodromas, new species of, 130.

Dycladia, new species of, 346.

Ebutius, characters of the new

genus, 440.

Echimys, new species of, 240,

Elliot, Dr. D. G., on the species of

the genus Rheinardtius, 242; on

new species of Callicebus &c., 244;

on new species of Cercopithecus

cle

INDEX. 557

and Papio, 274, 304; on Simia

sphinx, 417.

Elthemus, characters of the

genus, 451.

Elusa, new species of, 375.

Elysius, new species of, 210, 226.

Ennea, new species of, 87, 485.

Entozoa of British marine fishes, on

the, 1.

Eparchus, new species of, 115.

Episcapha, new species of, 195,

Kpisilia, new species of, 370.

Equide, on the colours of the, 404.

Eriopyga, new species of, 381.

{rirhinus, new species of, 150,

Erythrocebus, new species of, 264.

KEthelema, new species of, 194.

Eucereon, new species of, 548.

Sucolaspis, new species of, 285,

Eugnomus, new species of, 133.

Eugrammicus, new species of, 295.

Eusirogenes, new species of, 31.

Euspilotus, new species of, 303,

Euxoa, new species of, 368.

Exosternus, new species of, 500.

Fischeria, new species of, 91.

Fishes, on the Entozoa of British

marine, 1; new, 186, 429, 432,

436, 438, 497.

Forficula, new species of, 119.

Forficularia, new, 113.

Fortunia, characters of the

genus, 83.

Fossa, new species of, 506,

Funisciurus, new subspecies of, 476.

Galago, new subspecies of, 549.

Galapagosana, characters of the new

venus, 73.

Galatea, new species of, 90.

Gasterostomum triglie, remarks on,

23.

Gastrosteus, new species of, 436,

Geological Society, proceedings of

the, 161.

Georychus, new species of, 466,

Getacalles, new species of, 157.

Gismunda, new species of, 518.

Glauert, L., on a new species of

Sthenurus, 162.

Gobioides, new species of, 431.

Gobius, new species of, 431.

Gonotrephes, characters of the new

genus, 348,

Gymnomureena, new species of, 438.

Hadena, new species of, 378.

Halictus, on Chinese and Japanese

species of, 315.

new

Halisidota, new species of, 216, 221,

359.

Hampson, Sir G, F., on new genera

ram species of Syntomidie, Arcti-

ade, Agaristide, and Noctuidie,

B44,

Harpedona, new species of, 441.

Hlatasu, characters of the

genus, 141,

Helicarion, new species of, 490, 498.

Heliosciurus, new subspecies of, 100,

544.

Hemihyalea, new species of, 213.

Hemiurus, notes on species of, 20.

Heterocephalus, new species of, 109.

Heteroptera, new, 440, 509.

Hexactinellida, on the regular hex-

actine spicule of, 505.

Histeride, new, 291.

Homoptera, new, 73, 320.

Ilorses, on the colours of, 404.

Hyalethea, new species of, 344.

Hyalopeplus, new species of, 509.

Ilybolasius, new species of, 284.

Hydromys, new subspecies of, 197.

Hygrochus, new species of, 53.

Hylambates, new species of, 497.

Hyleoides, new species of, 310.

Tlylobates, 1 ew species of, 112.

Hymenoptera, new, 25, 170,

338, 393.

Hyphantria, new species of, 362.

Hypochrysups, new species of, 184.

Hypocladia, new species of, 347.

Hyponerita, new species of, 364.

Ilyposhada, characters of the new

genus, 352.

Hypurgus, new species of, 116.

Tlema, new species of, 353.

Inophleeus, new species of, 58.

Ipsaphes, remarks on species of, 192.

Ischnocampa, new species of, 212,

220, 228, 358.

Isopoda, on the land, of Lundy

Island, 319. ;

Jameson, H. L., on mammals from’

8. Africa, 455.

Janson, O. E., on the dates of Bur-

meister’s ‘Genera quaedam In-

sectorum,’ 164.

Kenrick, Sir G. H., on new species

of the genus Delias from North

New Guinea, 176.

Kentraulax, characters of the new

genus, 156.

Kirkpatrick, R., on Merlia normani,

2; on the phylogeny of the

new

309,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. iv. 40

558

Amphidiscophora, 479; on the

regular hexactine spicule of Hex-

actinellida, 505.

Lagothrix, new species of, 245.

Lasiosceles, characters of the new

genus, 345.

Lebouria alacris, note on, 8.

Lecithaster gibbosus, remarks on, 18.

LLeggada, new species of, 548.

Lenoxus, characters of the new genus,

236.

Lepidoptera, new, 176, 183, 205, 344,

416.

Lewis, G., on new species of His-

teridee, 291.

Lithophorus, new species of, 193.

Lithurgus, new species of, 312.

Lollius, new species of, 75.

Loncheres, new species of, 239.

Lophuromys, new species of, 550,551.

Lugardia, characters of the new

eenus, 33].

Luperus, new species of, 288.

Lycomorphodes, new species of, 356.

Lycophotia, new species of, 370.

Lygus, new species of, 511.

Lyperobates, new species of, 58.

Macrolister, new species of, 297.

Madoqua, new species of, 49.

Mahanorona, characters of the new

genus, 80.

Mammals, new, 48, 98, 112, 197, 199,

204, 230, 244, 304, 306, 317, 389,

460, 474, 476, 500, 531, 534, 535,

539, 542, 549.

Manoba, new species of, 355.

Marleyia, characters of the new genus,

325.

Megachile, new subspecies of, 26.

Megaccelum, new species of, 444.

Meeanephria, new species of, 387.

Meivill, Dr. J. C., new species of

Ennea and helicoids from S.Africa,

485.

Merlia normani, notes on, 42.

Mesoreda, new species of, 155.

Metarctia, new species of, 344.

Metareva, new species of, 354.

Methysia, new species of, 347.

Metopoplacis, characters of the new

genus, 365.

Microhyla, new species of, 494,

Microxus, characters of the new

genus, 257,

Mincopius, characters of the new

genus, 81.

Miniopterus, new spédies of, 471.

INDEX.

Miselia, new species of, 376.

Mollusca, new, 87, 97, 485, 498.

Mongoliana, characters of the new

genus, 87.

Moniana, characters of the new

genus, 76.

Mormyrops, new species of, 186.

Mormyrus, new species of, 186.

Morphotenaris, new species of, 185.

Motua, characters of the new genus,

329,

Motumotua, characters of the new

genus, 328.

Mureena, new species of, 438.

Murenichthys, new species of, 439.

Mus, new species of, 460, 502, 535,

540.

Mutela, new species of, 89.

Mystilus, new species of, 445.

Mythimna, new species of, 371.

Nagelius, characters of the new

genus, 294.

Natalina, new species of, 490.

Neave, 8. A., on new birds from

Katanga, 129.

Necrodes, new species of, 190.

Neopasites, new species of, 29.

Neotetracus, characters of the new

genus, 589,

Neotylana, characters of the new

genus, 79.

Neritos, new species of, 228.

Niceeana, new species of, 52.

Nicoll, Dr. W., on the Entozoa of

British marine fishes, 1.

Nicostratus, new species of, 520.

Nola, new species of, 351.

Nomia, new species of, 402.

Nomioides, new species of, 400.

Nurunderia, characters of the new

genus, 307.

Ochotona, new subspecies of, 504.

Ochrodota, new species of, 206,

225.

(Ecomys, new species of, 234.

Omeeacalles, characters of the new

genus, 150.

Onias, characters of the new genus,

153.

Opharus, new species of, 212, 223,

228.

Opisthocosmia, new species of, 118.

Orthoptera, new, 113.

Osmia, new species of, 30.

Oxymycteris, new species of, 237.

Pachydota, new species of, 208,

Pachyura, new species of, 136,

INDEX.

Pacorus, characters of the new

geuus, 517.

Palewomolis, characters of the new

genus, 502,

Panurginus, new species of, 28.

Papio, new species of, 247, 305,

Paranerita, new species of, 219.

Parascina fowleri, remarks on, 33.

Paratropus, new species of, 301.

Paratylana, characters of the new

genus, 78.

Paraxerus, new subspecies of, 105.

Pasteosia, new species of, 354.

Pelochyta, new species of, 210, 225.

Pentarthrum, new species of, 275,

Peradorcas, new subspecies of, 198.

Pheenicoprocta, new species of, 345.

Philostephanus, characters of the

new genus, 449.

Phryganopsis, new species of, 353.

Phrynixus, new species of, 61.

Phrynobatrachus, new species of,

496.

Picrocleidus, characters of the new

genus, 421.

Pithecus, new species of, 250.

Platylister, new species of, 293.

Plesiosauria, from the Oxford clay,

on new, 418.

Pochazia, new species of, 321.

Pocock, R. [L., on the colours of

horses, zebras, and tapirs, 404;

on the agriotype of domestic asses,

523.

Podocotyle atomon, note on, 6.

Ponsonby, J. H., on new species of

Ennea and helicoids from 8. Africa,

485.

Porosagrotis, new species of, 567.

Presbytjs, new species of, 266, 534.

Preston, H. B., on new land and

freshwater shells from WestAfrica,

87; on new species of land-shells

from Natal and the Transvaal,

498.

Proboscoccelus, characters of the new

us, 55.

Prodromus, new species of, 453.

Proschaliphora, new species of, 364.

Prosopis, new species of, 313; new

subspecies of, 27, 393.

Psalis cincticollis, note on, 113.

Psepholax, new species of, 139.

Pseudotharybis, new species of, 35.

Pteropus, new subspecies of, 534.

Rana, new species of, 492.

Ratufa, new subspecies of, 535.

559

Regan, C. T., on the species of three-

spined sticklebacks, 435; on new

marine fishes from Australia, 438.

Reptiles, new, 188, 418, 495.

Rhacophorus, new species of, 494.

Rheinardtius, ne on the species

of, 242.

Rhinanisus, new species of, 277.

Rhynchopyga, new species of, 346,

Rbynchotal notes, 75, 320.

Rhynchotragus, new subspecies of,

51.

Rhyparus, new species of, 94,

Ricania, new species of, 323.

Robertsonella, new species of, 28.

Rothschild, the Hon. W., on new

South-American Arctiansze, 205.

Rousettus, new species of, 543.

Sapinnius, characters of the new

genus, 515,

Saprinus, new species of, 301.

Sargon, new species of, 70,

Schizothorax, new species of, 433.

Sciurus, new species of, 254, 501,

535 ; new subspecies of, 476.

Scolia, revision of the Australian

species of, 165; new species of,

170.

Scotzecus, new species of, 544.

Scotzena, new species of, 340.

Scott, Dr. T., on new and rare

Scottish crustacea, 31.

Seirarctia, new species of, 363.

Seripha, new species of, 356.

Sherborn, C. D., on the dates of the

parts of Burmeister’s ‘Genera In-

sectorum, 72.

Siccia, new species of, 356.

Silanus, characters of the new genus,

519.

Simia sphinx, note on, 417.

Simolestes, characters of the new

genus, 424.

Sisyphus, new species of, 92,

Smith, E. A., notes ou species of

Voluta, 95; on the genus Smithia,

Maltzan, 229.

Smithia, note on the genus, 229.

Somatidia, new species of, 281.

Spatha, new species of, 90.

Spheroides, new species of, 489,

Sphingolabis, note on the genus, 125,

Spilothynnus, new species of, 338,

Spongiphora, new species of, 12].

Stechus, characters of the new genus,

449,

Stelis, new species of, 29,

560° ) INDEX.

Stenilema, characters of the new

genus, 352. :

Stephanochasmus, notes on species

of, 10.

Stephanorhynchus, new species of,

134.

Stilboderma, characters of the new

genus, 67.

Subulina, new species of, 499.

Symbranchus, new species of, 430.

Sympedius, new species of, 149.

Syntarctia, new species of, 227.

‘Tachyoryctes, new species of, 545.

Taphozous, new species of, 98.

Tapirs, on the colours of, 404.

Tarundia, new species of, 329,

Tatera, new species of, 539.

Tempsa, new species of, 85.

Teretriosoma, new species of, 292.

Tessellarctia, new species of, 207.

Tetralonia, new species of, 310.

Tetrapedia, new species of, 398.

Thaumaturgus, characters of the

new genus, 518.

Thermus, characters of the new

genus, 514.

Thesius, charaeters of the new

genus, 59.

Thomas, O., on new African small

mammals, 98; on a new gibbon

from Annam, 112; on two new

mammals from N. Australia, 197 ;

on S§.-American mammals, 230;

on four new African Squirrels,

476; on mammals from Mant-

churia, 500; on new mammals

from the Straits of Malacca, 534;

on new African mammals, 542.

Timora, new species of, 366.

Torilus, characters of the new genus,

15).

Trachycystis, new species of, 491.

Tragulus, new subspecies of, 536.

Trichestra, new species of, 372.

Tricleidus, characters of the new

genus, 419,

Trochocercus, new species of, 129.

Tropidonotus, new species of, 495.

Trouessart, Prof. E. L., on Neote-

tracus sinensis, a new insectivore,

339.

Tuerta, new species of, 365.

Tupaia, new species of, 555.

Turner, R. K., on the Australian

species of Scolia, 165; notes on

fossorial hymenoptera, 338.

Tylana, new species of, 77.

Unio, new species of, 89. .

Uranomys, characters of the new

genus, 551.

Vampyressa, new species of, 230.

Varcia, new species of, 335,

Voluta, remarks on species of, 95 ;

new species of, 97.

Watson, D. M.S8., on reptilian re-

mains from the Trias of Lossie-

mouth, 163; on reptilian tracks

from the Trias of Runcorn, 163 ;

on the anatomy of Lepidophloios

laricinus, 164.

Wroughton, R. C., on new mammals

from the Straits of Malacca, 554 ;

on East African forms of Arvyi-

canthis abyssinicus, 556; on new

Muride from British East Africa,

539.

Xylinissa, new species of, 588.

Xylocopa, new subspecies of, 403.

Zabromorphus, new species of,

296.

Zalmunna, characters of the new

genus, 442.

Zeacalles, new species of, 140.

Zebras, on the colours of, 404.

Zingis, new species of, 491, 498.

Zonodorus, characters of the new

genus, 522.

Zoogonoides viviparus, note on, 16.

Zoogonus rubellus, note on, 17.

Zugmayer, Dr. E., on four new

cyprinoid fishes from Asia, 432.

END OF THE FOURTH VOLUME.

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