“Omnes res creat sunt divine sapientiz et potentiz testes, divitia felicitatis

humane :—ex harum usu Jonitas Creatoris; ex pulebritudine sapientia Domini;

ex ceconomid in conservatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia majestatis

elucet. Earum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper xstimata ;

& veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doctis et-barbaris semper

inimica fuit.”—Lryy aus.

* Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour

voir qu'elle est le chef-d’@uvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor-

tent toutes ses opérations.”—Bruckner, Théorie du Systéme Animal, Leyden,

1767.

side Se weno be see... he sylvan powers

Obey our summons; from their deepest delis

The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild

And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs

That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme

And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed,

But scatter round ten thousand forms minute

Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock

Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too

Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face

They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush

That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles,

Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread,

The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne,

All, all to us unlock their secret stores

And pay their cheerful tribute.

J. Taytor, Norwich, 1818,

CONTENTS OF VOL. VIII.

[EIGHTH SERIES. }

NUMBER 43.

I. Descriptions of some new Species of Blattide. By R. SHEL-

Seon, M.A, F.1.S, (Plate I:)......... ars Sefeone Sort mater eters ptadss

II, The Classification of the Teleostean Fishes of the Order Ostario-

physi.—l. Cyprinoidea. By C. Tare Recan, M.A. (Plate Il.)..

Ill. Some Records of Collembola new to England, with Descrip-

tion of a new Species of Oncopodura. By Joun W. SHOEBOTHAM,

ELIE sa occ leiains vive tls vies wesc deed tes eels ee’

IV. Notes on the Forficularia.—X VIII. More new Species. By

Mancorus Burr, D.Se., PUES., F.2.S., PGS. oo. e ee eee

V. Notes on the Forjicularia.—XI1X. On little-known Earwigs

from Formosa. By Matcotm Burr, D.Sc., F.ELS., F.Z.S., F.G.S. .

VI. Description of a new African Fish of the Genus Clarias from

inke Rokwa. By G. A. BouLENGER, F.R.S. ........ 00sec eee

VIL. Descriptions of Three new Tree-Frogs discovered by Mr. A.

E. Pratt in Dutch New Guinea. By G. A. BouLtenceEr, F.RS. .,

VIII. Further Descriptions of new Freshwater Fishes discovered

by Dr. W. J. Ansorge in Portuguese Guinea. By G. A. BoULENGER,

MEM FIA Sel ciip es ct cleatsl nds vie cele ket bale shee ees

IX. On some Tipulide (Limoniine) from Ceylon in the British

Museum Collection, with Descriptions of Hight new Species. By

Ray WARDS, TiN. fo sib i vices caves ofe's Peete daitivas WE cali whi + ones

X. On the Culicid Genus ZLretmapodites, Theobald. By F. W.

Een oe pine po ties ok ajieb peace ves

XI. On new Species of Histeride and Notices of others. By

a Oe eS ee PEE Sat oe ert late ik ok aes

XII. New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica —IX. By

RENNES Tans 2S sp foie Giles eile ae selec ee eed ene

XIII. List of small Mammals obtained by Mr. G. Fenwick Owen

on the Upper Gambia and in Fouta Djailon. By OLprretp THomMAs.

XIV. New and interesting Mammals from East Africa. By Guy

EE pao: wiv ec Rss P34 vv when TO CO ee DE OTOL CO

Page

1V CONTENTS.

Pago

XV. New Genera and Species of Cicadide. By W. L, Distant. 132

XVI. Descriptions of some new Species of Heterocera chiefly from .

Tropical South America. By Herpert Deuce, F.LS. &c....... 138

XVII. Notes on the Coleopterous Subfamily Dynastine, with

Descriptions of new Genera and Species. By Grrpert J. ARRow.

PEIRCE AV, SV.) cscuvirsccsusurhyviacsmns ans ous =.= sinh = mei 151

XVIII. On a new Lithonine Sponge from Christmas Island. By _

RB. KIREPATRICE . 0.005008 By Se I Mr Er Pee a5 177

XIX. Descripiions and Records of Bees—XXXVII. By T.D. _

A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado .........0eeeeeeereeeees 179

NUMBER 44.

XX. On some Fossil Mollusca &c. from Southern Nigeria col-

lected by Mr. John Parkinson, M.A. By R. BuLtLEN NeEwron,

F.G.S._ With an Appendix, by A. SmirH Woopwarp, LL.D. Xe.

SEIBTO WED Sag fe oa tis vos «wea cena hs Soeen mene RE aes 193

XXI. New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica——X. By

BRESCHAUS, Hu20. ste alsecas as cetera’ Giohs lela Seas ps eee 208

XXII. Some new Algerian Lepidoptera. By the Hon. WaLTER

ECOMMAOHILD, PRD; " 5 20's ae x cine 00, ucts ein nels ote et eee eee

XXIII. Two new Lepidoptera from New Guinea. By the Hon.

Sram. OTHECHILD,. PAID. 6 y cara <us's «mie sieve eines cease ee 233

XXIV. A new Madagascar Arctiid. By the Hon. WaLTER

BpODEBGEUED, Dn T), 5 «bse ope omrerwiate ip a5 wress Se else eee 235

XXV. Notes from the Entomological Department of the London

School of Tropical Medicine.—No. III. Oriental Species of Stomoxys.

Peemornis LM. SumMrns, M.A’ Be, 2. acces wee bier vee wb.

XXVI. Remarks on the Classification of the Culicide, with parti-

cnlar reference to the Constitution of the Genus Anopheles. By A.

Axcock, C.I.E., M.B., LL.D., F.R.S., Lt.-Colonel I.M.S. (retired). £

XXVII. New Rodents from S. America. By OtpFretp THomas. 250

XXVIII. A new Termitophilous Millipede from Bengal. By

S. Hirst 25

XXIX. New West-African Rodents. By Guy Dotuman...... 257

XXX. A new Spiny Mouse from Somaliland. By Guy Dotitman. 259

XXXI. Descriptions of new African Cyprinodont Fishes. By

att DODLENGIEE, Takis. \.scccckvhiw ka » <Ausckdtrahiwgeecee te 260

XXXII. A new Genus of Ruteline Coleoptera from the Indian

Region. By Girpert J. Arrow ....... EGET E SA ee whidn sn ire 208

XXXIII. On a new Species of Semnopithecus (Semnopithecus

noliocephalus) from Tonkin. By E.-L. Trovrssart, Professeur au

fuséum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. (Plate VII.) ............ 27

XXXIV. Description of a new Genus of the Coleopterous Family

Buprestidae, By Cuas, O, Wateruovse, LS.0., FES. 272

CONTENTS, Vv

Page

XXXV. The Nomenclature of the Rheas of South America. By

Lorp Brasournrf, F.Z.S8., M.B.0.U., and C. Cuuss, F.Z.S.,

M.B.O.U., Zoological Department, British Museum ,........... 273

XXXVI. Two new Species of Lepus. By R. BE. Drake-

RSC EL iof 8 GS SEND S08 ARE 8S a Se 275

XXXVII. On some Local Forms of Cephalophus natalensis. By

yt ches sonia s aiteirie eon HUES opin ie 277

XXXVIII, On the so-called new Tipulid Subfamily Cerato-

chaime, Wescho. By I. W. Enpwarps, B.A.............00000. 279

XXXIX. Descriptions and Records of Bees—XXXVIII. By T.

D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado ..........ccceeeeees 283

Proceedings of the Geological Society .........ccseeeveues 291, 292

NUMBER 45,

XL. The Skull of Diudemodon, with Notes on those of some other

Cynodonts. By D. M.S. Watson, M.Sc., the Victoria University

tralia wisthis sweeten ilies baa sienna eb aae 293

XLI. New Species of Urocyclide from British East Africa. By

Peeereorrontna. (Plate VELL )\i i... cece eee y alee ce ete an . 00

XLII. On Arvicanthis abyssinicus and allied East-African Species,

with Descriptions of Four new Forms. By Guy Dotuman ...... Bod

XLII. On the Ruteline Coleoptera of Ceylon, with Descriptions

Ge mewnepecies. by Ginpert J/ABROW 2.560.060 occ eee te ob4

XLIV. Note on a Crayfish from New Guinea. By W. T.

CII Acer ies hie ccc chalettis wiser c's ps ec.es eyeat epee ae 366

XLY. Descriptions of Two new African Barbels. By G. A.

MIMMPIEMEMMLISED STEIN oe cs Made s yta thal sa viecutewsionea tes 369

XLVI. Descriptions of Three new Snakes discovered by Mr. G,

L. Bates in South Cameroon. By G, A. BouLENGER, F.R.S. .... 370

XLVII. Descriptions of Three new Freshwater Fishes discovered

by Mr. G. L. Bates in South Cameroon. By G. A. BouLeneur,

co he ERO ee ee 372

XLYVIII. On some Fishes of the Family Peeiliide. By C. Tare

MEI ER OEE oooo chy ct Mens wrccs ce ate oveles cease caus 379

XLIX,. New African Mammals. By OLpFIELD THoMas ...... 375

L. Two new Eastern Bats. By OLDFIELD THOMAS .......... 378

LI. On a new Pedipalp from Burma. By S. Hirst .......... 380

LII. On Two new Wood-boring Beetles (Ipid@). By Lieut.-Col.

ME EMPBL SOND De os cc pice ed psc dee e es eet = sare 8s Hel oh 381

LILI. Rhyuchota from the Solomon Islands. By W. L. Distant, 584

LIV. Rhynchota from the Aru Islands. By W. L, Distant 389

vi CONTENTS.

Page

New Books:—Canada Department of Mines, Geological Survey

Branch.—Records of the Indian Museum. (A Journal of

Indian Zoology.) A Revision of the Species of Zabanus from

the Oriental Region, including Notes on Species from sur-

rounding Countries. By Grrrrupr Ricarvo.—Catalogue of

the Lepidoptera Phaleenz in the British Museum. Vol. X.,

Pigtes exlvili-elzxiit; 32 2. 6 fa Sas eg s ee 391

Proceedings of the Geological Society.........0.:e cece eeeeeenes 502

NUMBER 46,

LV. Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Syntomide,

Arctiade, Agaristide, and Noctuide, By Sir GeorGe F. Hampson,

FEED, FL sss A er A Shieh dn pS yates BPM Ks cr yelp eS BUS

LVI. Descriptions of new Species of African Diploptera in the

Collection of the British Museum. By Grorrrey MEape-Waxpo,

REO SURE Se cia rs sss stiles Save bial Meath ee ten GEE ty = tier 445

LVII. List of a Collection of Mammals made by Mr. A. L. Butler

on the Upper Nile.. By BR. C. WROUGHTON. .. 5.05. 4, nas awass 458

LVIII. Descriptions of new Scorpions, By S. Hmsr.......... 462

LIX. Some new Species of the Coleopterous Genus Anomala from

Southern India. By GiBert J. ARROW.) 2.00 .beedl.5. 02 sees 473

LX. Notes on the Coleopterous Family Pselaphide of the Group

Faronini of New Zealand, with Descriptions of new Species. By

EOL ARROW, Hot. ss ps oyn0n oe o's as 59) 2yr.6 aa aie Serene ae 488

LXI. Descriptions of new Species of Lepidoptera from Tropical

Africa. By G. T. Bernune-Baker, F.LS., F.ZS... 2.0.00. eee 506

? LXII. Descriptions of new Species of Lepidoptera from New

Guinea. By G. T. BerHune-Baker, F.LS., F.ZS. ............ 542

LXIII. On a new Black-tailed Rat from South Africa, By Guy

PUOGMAR 8. boeg hs cuxan sh snide maesisves heins Sie 6,5 eee ee 544

LXJV. An Epizoic Hydroid on a Crab from Christmas Island,

SVM AN CALMAN, DSC. oa. 5 asi ies ind <9 0 wre ai aiage Sine anny anes 546

New Books :—Atlas of Zoogeography. Prepared by J. G. Bar-

THOLOMEW, LL.D., F.R.S.E., W. Eacie Ciarke, F.R.S.E.,

F.L.S., and Percy H. Grimsuaw, F.RS.E., F.E.S.—U:S.

Department of Agriculture: Bureau of Biological Survey. North

American Fauna, No. 31 (Oct. 19, 1910). Revision of the Wood

Rats of the Genus Neotoma, By Epwanp A, GoLpMAN, Field

Naturalist, Biological Survey ............ SSB 550, 551

Proceedings of the Geological Society........ iki Sekai ama OA Si 551

NUMBER 47.

LXV. The Classification of the Teleostean Fishes of the Order

Ostariophysi—2. Siluroidea, By C. Tarp ReGan, M.A. ........ 553

LXVI. New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica.—XI. By

OEE oy a OE AL ee ee eee WI ae Ly ae ten ee 577

CONTENTS. Vil

Page

LXVII. Notes on Fossorial Hlymenoptera.—V. By Rowranp EF. —

TURNRES E-G.5., FES. 05... . 0 cece cece eect connec eee ecnees 602

LXVIII. On some new Opiliones from Japan and the Loo-Choo |

Islands. By S. Hirst .......-eee reece cece cer ene cece ceteeee 625

LXIX. Descriptions of Four new African Fishes of the Genus

Muastacembelus. By G, A. BouLencer, F.R.S. 1.6... ce eee eee 637

LXX. Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Oriental Homo-

ptera. By W. L. DisTANT .........6 sce eee e ence eee ee ee ees 139

LXXI. On the Upper Devonian Ostracoderm, Psammosteus taylori.

By A. Smirn Woopwarp, LL.D., F.R.S. (Plate IX.) .......... 649

LXXIL. On new Mammals from East Africa, presented to the

British Museum by Mr. A. Blaney Percival. By Guy Dottman ,. 652

LXXIII. A new Peeciliid Fish from the Amazon, with Notes on

the Genera Petalosoma and Tomeurus. By C. Tarr Recan, M.A. 659

LXXIV. Descriptions and Records of Bees.—XXXIX. By T.D.A.

CocKERELt, University of Colorado ............. os) = ee aa 660

LXXV. The Holotypes of the Fossil Scorpions Paleomachus

anglicus and Paleophonus caledonicus. By F. A. BATHER ...... 673

New Books :—Figures and Descriptions of the Fishes of Japan, in-

eluding Riukiu Islands, Bonin Islands, Formosa, Kurile Islands,

Korea, and Southern Sakhalin. By Snicruo Tanaka,

Instructor in Zoology, Science College, University of Tokyo.—

British Freshwater Fishes. By C. Tarr ReGan.—Zoological

ES TELS. RR SS ae 677, 678

Proceedings of the Geological Society ............00--0 00 679—G684

NUMBER 48,

LXXVI. Notes on the Coleopterous Family Pselaphide of the

Group Euplectini of New Zealand, with Descriptions of Two new

Genera and Twelve Species. By Major T. Broun, F.E.S,........ 685

LXXVII. New Species of Geometride. By Louis B. Provt,

SERN oy. 45,52 <)0 atalsb = nittsts icidieleldld aibh-diviv dives hy cess. 702

LXXVII. Paraceratherium bugtiense, anew Genus of Rhinocero-

tide@ from the Bugti Hills of Baluchistan.—Preliminary Notice. By

C. Forster-Cooprr, M.A., University Demonstrator in Compara-

tive Morphology, Cambridge. (Plate X.) ........ ~2 7) Ge Oe “11

LXXIX. Descriptions of some new Species of Heterocera, mostly

from Tropical South America. By Hersert Drucez, F.L.S. &e...

LXXX. Threenew Rodents from Kan-su. By OLpFrmeip Tuomas. 7:

LXXXI_. Four new African Carniyores. By OLpFIELD THoMas. 7

LXXXII. New Rodents from Sze-chwan collected by Capt. F. M.

Bailey. By OtpFietp Tuomas 727

LXXXIII. The Osteology and Classification of the Gobioid Fishes.

ere PATHREGAN, M.A... cs ccesesetveceeres 5 ECE Oe > ans 729

CONTENTS.

Page

LXXXIV. On a new West-African Squirrel presented to the

British Museum by Mr. P. A. Talbot. By Guy Dotuman ...... 733

LXXXV. Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Oriental

Blomoprera,. “By W. db. DISTANT «05566 d04i2 5350s s. 735

LXXXVI. Notes on the Family Masaride (Hymenoptera), with

Descriptions of a new Genus and Three new Species. By Grorrrrey

Mrapr-Waupo, M.A. ........ IS oD OL COOE oc tet oy 747

LXXXVITI. Some probahle and possible Instances of Warning

Characteristics arnongst Insectivorous and Carnivorous Mammals,

RP aIEWe vhs DE O COOK, “Doth po. tar. « eesti > A ieled © alalogniy miata Bisel edt 750

LXXXVII. New Mammals from Central and Western Asia,

mostly collected by Mr. Douglas Carruthers. By OLDFIELD THomas. 758

LXXXIX. Descriptions and Records of Bees—XL. By T. D. A.

(OCKRRELL, University of Colorado, 2..\0 sexs scmamis a-ha 763

XC. A Vote against the Strict Application of the Priority Rule

in Zoological Nomenclature. (With an Introduction by Dr, Tu.

UCHLI SHIN A) crasscvcrace <. t4ycUat vo cose eg ately Rinne Ree ge etene St 7 Ve 77

New Book :—The Life of Crustacea. By W.T. Carman, D.Se. .. 778

Proceedings of the Geological Society...........+. sie Ris Gots arene 780

IMUOKS Ava « Ee Eric tle vetow. 5, heranecosee aTateteta rane ovaveneteiaencvetatcns LB ernest

PLATES-IN VOL, VILL

Piatr I. New species of Blattide.

II. Hyo-palatine and opercular bones of Ostariophysi.

III, Oncopodura crassicornis, Shoebotham.

LV.i)

v.4

VI. Fossil Mollusca &c. from Southern Nigeria.

VII. Semnopithecus poliocephalus, 7rowess.

VILL. New species of Urocyclidex from British East Africa,

[X. Psammosteus taylori, 7raq.

X. Paraceratherium bugtiense, Forst.-Coop.

New species of Dynastine.

——— — —yr eee

THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[EIGHTH SERIES. ]

Naiades, et circiim vitreos considite fontes:

Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores:

Floribus et pictum, dive, replete canistrum.

At vos, o Nymphe Craterides, ite sub undas ;

Ite, recurvato variata corallia trunco

Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas

Ferte, Dew pelagi, et pingui conchylia sueco.”

N. Parthenii Giannettasi, Bol, 1.

se per litora spargite muscum,

No. 43. JULY 1911.

I.—Descriptions of some new Species of Blattide.

By R. SHetrorp, M.A., F.L.S.

[Plate I.]

Hemithyrsocera testacea, sp. n.

gd. Rufo-testaceous, head darker. Pronotum trapezoidal,

margined anteriorly and laterally with opaque testaceous.

Tegmina extending slightly beyond the apex of the abdomen ;

15 costals, radial vein bifurcate from near the base, 7 longi-

tudinal discoidal sectors, anterior ulnar 3-ramose. Wings

hyaline; veins flavous, mediastinal vein 3-ramose, radial vein

bifurcate from near base; 9 costals, the first six incrassated,

ulnar simple, triangular apical area not very conspicuous.

Supra-anal lamina triangular, not exceeding the subgenital

lamina, which is asymmetrical, slightly produced, with one

minute style (the right), and one larger, hidden under the

lamina. Opening of scent-gland on seventh abdominal tergite.

Legs testaceous, tibiz tipped with fuscous ; front femora with

a complete row of spines beneath, the more distal short.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. J

~ EE

9 Mr. R. Shelford on some

Total length 13 mm.; length of body 12 mm. ; length of

tegmina 11 mm. ; pronotum 3x4 mm.

Erythrea, Ghinda, Cheren.

Type in Oxford University Museum.

Ischnoptera lunaris, sp. 0.

¢@. Pale testaceous. Head with a broad castaneous stripe

extending from between the eyes to the clypeus; vertex

testaceous, occiput castaneous. Antenne testaceous. Pro-

notum trapezoidal, a castaneous vitta on each side of the dise,

the vitte narrowly contiguous anteriorly. Tegmina with a

narrow castaneous vitta extending from the base of the radial

vein throughout three-fifths of the costal field; radial vein

bifurcate, about 15 costals, 8 longitudinal discoidal sectors,

both ulnar veins ramose. Wings hyaline, mediastinal vein

3-ramose, radial vein bifurcate, about 8 costals; ulnar vein

6-ramose, 4 rami being incomplete ; a moderately prominent

apical triangle. Abdomen testaceous; supra-anal lamina

transversely quadrate, its posterior margin sinuate; sub-

genital lamina exceeding the supra-anal lamina, asymmetrical,

its apex produced to form a minute lobe curved upwards and

inwards and beset with sete ; one minute style (the leit).

Cerci moderate, testaceous. Legs testaceous; front femora

with a complete row of spines on the anterior margin beneath.

Total length 14 mm. ; length of body 11 mm.; length ot

tegmina 12 mm.; pronotum 2°5X4 mm.

Queensland, Peak Downs (Godefroy). Two examples

only.

Allied to Lschnoptera manicata, Tepper.

‘V'ype in the Stockholm Museum.

Ischnoptera jocosa, sp. n.

d. Head piceous or dark castaneous; gene, ocelli, and

mouth-parts testaceous. Antenne infuscated. Pronotum

trapezoidal, piceous, margined all round with testaceous, more

narrowly anteriorly and posteriorly than laterally. Tegmina

pale castaneous, outwardly margined with testaceous, base of

principal veins dark castaneous ; radial vein bifurcate, about

14 costals, 7-8 longitudinal discoidal sectors. Wings

hyaline ; mediastinal vein ramose, radial vein bifurcate; 8

costals with incrassated apices ; ulnar vein with 3-4 rami, 1

being incomplete; a small and ill-defined apical triangle.

Abdomen rufo-castaneous. Supra-anal lamina trigonal, apex

notched ; subgenital lamina almost symmetrical, apex faintly

emarginate and furnished -with one sharply pointed style

new Species of Blattide. 3

eurved upwards and backwards. Cerci infuscated. Legs

testaceous; front femora with a complete row of spines on

anterior margin beneath.

2. Similar, but supra-anal lamina sharply triangular, apex

not emarginate, surpassed by the semiorbicular, ample sub-

genital plate.

Total length 11 mm.; length of body (¢) 8, (2?) 7mm.;

length of tegmina 8°5 mm. ; pronotum 2°5 x3 mm.

Queensland, Peak Downs ( Godeffroy). ‘Three specimens.

Types in the Stockholm Museum.

This species is transitional to the genus Blattel/a, Caud.,

as typified by B. germanieca, L., but on account of the incom-

plete ramus of the vena ulnaris alarum I prefer to place it in

/schnoptera.

Mareta scripta, sp. n.

3d. General colour sordid testaceous. Head with a band

between the eyes, two lines on the frons, and two spots just

above the clypeus castaneous. Antenne pale testaceous at

base, remainder infuscated. Pronotum transversely elliptical,

lateral margins broadly hyaline, disc with castaneous dots

and lines arranged in a symmetrical pattern. ‘'egmina and

wings exceeding the apex of the abdomen, Tegmina with

all the veins bordered with quadrangular spots of pale brown ;

radial vein simple, 13 costals, discoidal sectors numer ous,

oblique, posterior ulnar simple. Wings hyaline ; mediastinal

vein biramose ; 8 costals, the more proximal with incrassated

apices, the first crossing the lower mediastinal branch ; ulnar

vein 4- to 5-ramose ; an inconspicuous apical triangle.

Supra-anal lamina transverse ; subgenital lamina produced at

the apex into a lobe terminating in two styliform processes,

the genital styles situated on either side of this lobe. Cerci

and legs testaceous, the former fusco-maculate towards apex.

Total length 11 mm. ; length of body 7°5 mm.; length of

tegmina 9 mm. ; pronotum 2x3 mm.

Queensland, Peak Downs (Godeffroy). Three specimens.

Type in the Stockholm Museum.

Owing to the structure of the subgenital lamina the male

looks as if it had four genital styles. Superficially the insect

resembles Phyllodromia ceylonica, Br. (synonyms, P. punctu-

lata, Br., P. nimbata, Shelf.), but the structural characters

of alary organs and femora establish its generic identity as

here given. The colouring of the tegmina, moreover, is

quite characteristic of Mareta.

4 Mr. R. Shelfcrd on some

Mareta godeffroyi, sp. n.

9. Head piceous, mouth-parts castaneous. Antenne

castaneous at base, remainder piceous. Pronotum trape-

zoidal, sordid testaceous, with two broad, irregular, castaneous

vittse ; a small testaceous spot situated in the outer border of

each vitta. ‘legmina and wings exceeding apex of abdomen.

‘egmina testaceous, with all the intervenular spaces filled

with castaneous; marginal area very broad, radial vein

simple ; 13 costals, the last two multiramose; discoidal

sectors oblique, posterior ulnar simple. Wings with the

veins fuscous ; mediastinal vein anastomosing at apex with

the first costal, radial simple; 9 costals, their apices clavate ;

ulnar vein with 4 rami; apical triangle inconspicuous.

Abdomen above and beneath rufo-castaneous, heavily bordered

with piceous; supra-anal lamina triangular, apex deeply

notched ; subgenital lamina semiorbicular, ample. Cerci

piceous, 13-jointed. Legs rufo-testaceous, suffused with

darker.

Total length 12 mm.; length of body 11 mm. ; length of

tegmina 11 mm.; pronotum 3x95 mm.

Queensland, Peak Downs and Gayndah (Godeffroy).

Two examples.

Type in the Stockholm Museum.

Closely allied to Mareta subtilis, Brunn. (= Phyllodromia

subtilis). It may be noted here that the chief diagnostic

characters of the genus Jareta, Bol., are the oblique discoidal

sectors of the tegmina, the ramose ulnar vein of the wings,

an inconspicuous apical triangle, and the front femora with

the anterior margin beneath armed only with close-set sete.

Stylopyga tmmunda, sp. n.

g. Piceous, nitid. Labrum ochreous. Antenne casta-

neous. Tegmina lobiform. Seventh abdominal tergite

triangularly produced, almost concealing the supra-anal

lamina, which is subtriangular, with the apex produced to a

point; the margins of the lamina are serrated. Subgenital

Jamina quadrate, with two stout genital styles. Cerci flat-

tened, acuminate. Legs with the femora castaneous ; second

posterior tarsal joint armed, the other joints unarmed, their

pulvilli large; tarsal arolia present.

9. Similar, but the seventh abdominal tergite less strongly

produced; supra-anal lamina posteriorly concavely emar-

ginate.

new Species of Blattide. 5

Total length, (¢) 27, (2) 26 mm.; pronotum (¢ ¢ )

9-10 x12 mm.

;

Queensland. Three specimens.

Type in the Stockholm Museum.

Allied to S. coval/is, Walk., from Ceram and New Guinea,

but differing in the form of the supra-anal lamina of the male.

Stylopyga proposita, sp.n. (PI. I. fig. 1.)

3. Piceous, nitid. Labrum and clypeus castaneous;

palpi piceous. Antenne castaneous. Tegminal rudiments

absent. Seventh abdominal tergite obtusely produced.

Supra-anal lamina sharply triangular, surpassing the sub-

genital lamina, which is rounded, sides not notched ; styles

straight, spiniform. Cerci flattened, moderate. Posterior

metatarsus longer than succeeding joints ; all the pulvilli

minute, apical; arolia absent.

?. Similar, but supra-anal lamina obtusely produced,

apex truncate.

Total length (¢ ¢) 24 mm. ; pronotum 7°5 x 10 mm.

Java, Batavia, ‘Tanah-Abang (P. Serre, 1904). ‘T'wo

examples.

Types in the Paris Museum.

Stylopyga maindroni, sp. n.

6. Head piceous, with the mouth-parts castaneous ; an-

tenn piceous at base, remainder fuscous. Thoracic tergites

rufo-castaneous ; pronotum heavily bordered with piceous;

a triangular piceous blotch on each side of the meso- and

metanotum. No tegminal rudiments. Abdomen above dark

castaneous at base, becoming piceous towards the apex.

Seventh abdominal tergite obtusely produced. Supra-anal

lamina bluntly triangular. Abdomen beneath rufous, mar-

gined with piceous. Subgenital lamina rounded; styles

straight, not spiniform, rufous. Cerci flattened, piceous.

Legs rufous. Posterior metatarsus equal in length to the

succeeding joints, second tarsal joint armed beneath; pulvilli

of moderate size ; arolia absent.

Total length 18 mm. ; pronotum 6 x 7:5 mm.

Nilghiris, Coonoor (Maindron, 1902). One example.

‘Type in the Paris Museum.

The Oriental and Australian species of the genus Stylopyga,

as defined by me in Gen. Insect., Blattidee, Subfam. Blattine,

fase. 109 (1910), can be distinguished by the following

6 Mr. R. Shelford on some

synoptical key. ‘The well-known and cosmopolitan species

S. rhombifolia, Stoll, and the gaudy S. ornata, Br. (figured

in the above-cited memoir), are omitted,

1. Wings represented by squamiform lobes.

Bem MICOLOTOUS SPECIES .'-.- os - sie ep ees quadrilobata, Br.

2’. Pronotum and tegminal rudiments mar- (Celebes.)

Pined with ochreous .:ss-.eees-556 ss salomonis, Shelf.

1’. Wings entirely absent. (Solomon Is.)

2. Tegminal rudiments present.

8. Thorax and abdomen above with rufous

MACH. o.o. abo ee eee me .. sex-pustulata, Walk.

3’. Unicolorous species. (S. India, ? Java.)

4, Tegminal rudiments transversely trun-

cate, almost square......... ..... picea,Br. (Nicobar Is.)

4’. Tegminal rudiments with apex

rounded, elliptical.

5. Pulvillus of second joint of poste-

rior tarsus small, apical ........ semoni, Kr. (Java.)

5’. Pulvillus of second joint of poste-

rior tarsus larger, occupying half

the yjomt wheeweee Stan eis immunda, sp. 0.

2'. Tegminal rudiments absent. (Queensland.)

3. Unicolorous species.

4, Cox not margined with testaceous.

apical “2.3... .e0k seem proposita, sp.n. (Java.)

5’. Pulvilli large, occupying the greater

part of the tarsal joints ...... .. parallela, Bol.

4’, Cox margined with testaceous. (S. India.)

5. Seventh abdominal tergite strongly

produced backwards, almost

hiding the supra-anal lamina.... covalis, Walk. (Ceram,

5’. Seventh abdominal tergite scarcely New Guinea.)

produced... 2s. cceeee eee michaelseni, Shelf.*

3’. Body above anteriorly rufo-castaneous, (W. Australia.)

posteriorly piceous ......:-......5- matndroni, sp. n.

(S, India.)

Stylopyga togoensis, sp. n. (Pl. I. fig. 2.)

3. Piceous, nitid, impunctate. Antenne castaneous,

mouth-parts testaceous. ‘Tegmina represented by squami-

form lobes, scarcely extending beyond the mesonotum. Pos-

terior angies of abdominal tergites scarcely produced, seventh

tergite shortly produced ; supra-anal lamina shortly trigonal,

exceeded by the subgenital lamina, which is subquadrate and

produced, its apex slightly emarginate. Genital styles

bifureate ; the outer limb long, curved, and flattened, the inner

_ * Accidentally omitted from my Gen. Insect. memoir. The reference

is:—Blattide (iz) Fauna S.W.-Australiens (Michaelsen & Hartmeyer),

Vol. ii. Lf. 9, p. 140 (1909).

new Spectes of Blattide. 4

limb short and terminating in four teeth. Cerci stout, 10-

jointed. Legs castaneous; posterior tarsi elongate, the second

joint spined beneath.

Length 13 mm.; pronotum 5°1x 6 mm.

Toro, Misahéhe (2. Baumann).

Type in the Berlin Museum.

Blatta rufo-cercata, sp. n.

?. Piceous. Pronotum with an elongate rufous macula

on each lateral margin. ‘l’egmina subquadrate, obliquely

truncate, sutural margins touching, just reaching the first

abdominal tergite, seriate-punctate. Scutellum not exposed.

Wings minute, lobiform, completely hidden by the tegmina.

Seventh abdominal tergite ovtusely produced, margin not

sinuate. Supra-anal lamina cucullate, subtruncate. Cerci

short, rufous. Femora rather sparsely armed ; tarsi rufo-

castaneous, their structure quite typical of the genus; arolia

absent.

Total length 15 mm.; length of tegmina 3 mm.; pro-

notum 4X6 mm.

Manila (Leveillé, 1877). Two examples.

‘Type in the Paris Museum.

Pseudoderopeltis morosa, sp. n.

6. Head castaneous, antenna fuscous. Pronotum piceous,

trapezoidal, with two oblique impressions ; membranous pro-

cesses of meso- and metanotum moderately long and slender.

‘Tegmina castaneous, considerably exceeding the apex of the

abdomen. Wings suffused with castaneous, median vein

bifureate and ramose ; a small intercalated apical triangle.

Abdomen piceous; supra-anal lamina trigonal, subgenital

lamina rounded, styles long and slender. Legs castaneous.

?. Piceous, nitid, impunctate. Clypeus testaceous; an-

tenn rufescent. ‘Tegminal rudiments barely extending

beyond the mesonotum. Posterior angles of abdominal

tergites 5-7 produced, seventh tergite with posterior margin

very convex; supra-anal lamina cucullate, triangular, emar-

ginate. Legs castaneous ; posterior tarsi rather short, second

joint not spined beneath, its pulvillus large.

3S. Total length 25 mm.; length of body 19 mm.; length

of tegmina 21 mm.; pronotum 6x7 mm.

9. Length of body 21 mm.; length of tegmina 4 mm. ;

pronotum 6X9 mm.

Chinchoxo (Falkenstein). Several examples.

‘Types in the Berlin Museum.

8 Mr. R. Shelford on some

Pseudoderopeltis togoensis, sp. 0.

&. Very like P. morosa, but smaller; pronotum casta-

neous; membranous processes of meso- and metanotum

obsolescent ; tegmina paler towards apex ; median vein of

wings not bifurcate, anastomosing irregularly with the radial

vein; no inteicalated triangle; supra-anal lamina more

produced, apex slightly emarginate.

Total length 22 mm.; length of body 16 mm. ; length of

tegmina 18 mm.; pronotum 4°5 x 6 mm.

‘ogo, Bismarckburg (&. Bittner). Several examples.

Type in the Berlin Museum.

Euthyrrapha vittata, sp.n. (Pl. I. fig. 3.)

9. Body and head piceous, with sparse erect pubescence.

Antenne piceous. ‘Tegmina castaneous, with a broad orange

vitta extending from the base to near the apex. Wings

hyaline, with the apex castaneous and an orange stigma on

the costa; ulnar vein with 6 rami. Supra-anal lamina sub-

quadrate ; subgenital lamina ample, with the apex deeply cleft.

Cerci slender, acuminate. Legs castaneous, the tibial spines

rufous.

Length of body 6 mm.; length of tegmina 5 mm.; length

of wings 7 mm.; pronctum 2x3 mm.

N. Kamerun (Conradt).

‘Type in the Berlin Museum.

Holocompsa capsoides, sp. un. (PI. I. figs. 6a, 6 2.)

3. Piceous, with a scant, recumbent, rufous pubescence.

Mouth-parts castaneous. Pronotum trapezoidal; scutellum

exposed, conspicuous. Wings in repose extending somewhat

beyond the tegmina. Tegmina with the mediastinal and anal

areas, a space between them, and a triangular patch (the base

of the triangle extending from the apex of the anal area to

the apex of the mediastinal area, its apex at a point situated

halfway on the outer margins of the tegmen) coriaceous, the

remainder of the tegmen membranous, hyaline, with a

fuscous suffusion at the apex ; mediastinal and anal veins

conspicuous, the other veins obsolescent or absent. Wings

hyaline, with the posterior margin broadly suffused with

fuscous; a large fuscous stigma on the anterior margin

formed by a fusion of the mediastinal rami and of the

proximal costals; the bases of the ulnar and first axillary

veins are moderately robust, otherwise the venation of the

wing is obsolescent. Supra-ana lamina shortly trigonal,

new Species of Blattide. 9

surpassed by the subgenital lamina, which is trapezoidal and

furnished with two slender styles. Cerci slender. Legs

castaneous,

Total length 6°2-7 mm.; length of tegmina 5-5°6 mm. ;

pronotum 1°8 x 2°5 mm.

Lower Ogowé, between Lambarene and the sea (4. Haug,

1901). Two examples.

Type in the Paris Museum.

Allied to 7. minutissima, de Geer, but distinguished inter

alia by the obsolescent venation.

Genus NYMPHRYTRIA, nov.

Form semiglobular. Antenne extremely short, incrassated ;

the first joint elongate, equal to one-quarter of the total

length of the antennee, the second and third joints as long as

broad, the remaining joints transverse. FT rons above the

clypeus bullate. Body fringed with long stiff hairs. Pro-

notum anteriorly produced strongly, completely covering the

head, posterior margin convex. Posterior angles of seventh

abdominal tergite acutely produced. Cerci minute, hidden,

unjointed. Posterior tibiz subquadrangular, the spines on

the outer aspect biseriately arranged, those on the inner

aspect uniseriately arranged ; the spines serrated and grooved.

‘Varsi slender, fimbriate, without pulvilli and without claws.

Nymphrytria mirabilis, sp.n. (PI. I. fig. 4.)

?. Pale testaceous, tibial spines castaneous. Antenne

with 32 joints. Hyes wide apart. Hairs fringing the body

testaceous. Pronotum finely granulate and with a few

minute hairs; disc with two transverse impressions and a

faintly impressed median line. Meso- and metanotum and

the first three abdominal tergites smooth, nitid. Abdominal

tergites 4-6 finely granulate in the middle. Supra-anal

lamina rounded, margin entire, surpassing the subgenital

lamina, which is semiorbicular, its posterior margin indented

on either side, the tuberculiform cerci visible in the notches.

Femora and tibiz short and robust, tarsi slender. Femora

armed on both margins beneath with a few minute spines,

the spines at the apical angles arranged in little groups of 3

or 4; no genicular spines. Front tibie very short, with 8

apical spines and 1 free spine, the longest spine not equal to

the length of the first tarsal joint; mid tibiz with 7 spines

on the outer aspect, biseriately arranged, 5 apical spines, no

spines on the inner aspect, the longest apical spine equal in

length to the tibia, but not so long as the first tarsal joint ;

10 Mr. R. Shelford on some

hind tibia quadrangular, flattened from side to side, broader

ab the apex than at the base, 6 spines on the outer aspect

biseriately arranged, 4 long spines in a single row on the

inner aspect near the apex, 5 apical spines, the longest of

which is not quite equal to the first tarsal joint. Tarsi

slender, the metatarsi exceeding in length the remaining

joints, fimbriate and entirely without pulvilli or claws.

Length 12 mm.; greatest breadth 10 mm.; pronotum

6X8 mm.

Tunis, Gafsa.

Type in the St. Petersburg Museum.

This highly remarkable species is an extreme development

of the genus Anisogamia, Sauss.; it resembles that genus in

the form and fimbriation of the body, in the length of the

first antennal joint, in the concealed and rudimentary cerci,

and, to a certain extent, in the armature of the femora. It

differs from Anisogamia by the extremely short antenne, by

the form of the pronotum, by the femoral armature, and by

the simplification of the tarsal structure. The pronotum of

Nymphrytria in its shape resembles that of the males of

Polyphaga species in its anterior production. The tarsal

structure is unique amongst the Blattidz, and it would be

interesting to learn if its simplification and the serration of

the tibial spines are correlated with peculiar habits of life ;

that the species, like most of the Polyphage, has burrowing

habits is sufficiently indicated by the structure of the fore

tibie, which, as digging instruments, must rival in efficiency

those of Gryllotalpa.

Polyphaga platypoda, sp.n. (Pl. I. fig. 5.)

2. Rufo-castaneous, rufo-fimbriate. Antenne short and

somewhat incrassated, with 36-40 joints, the apical of which

are moniliform. Pronotum slightly produced anteriorly,

completely covering the head, together with the meso- and

metanotum eranulate and with a sparse erect pubescence ;

disc with chiselled markings. Abdomen smooth, nitid.

Supra-anal lamina subtransverse. Subgenital lamina and

cerci asin the preceding genus. Legs short, robust. /emora

with a few minute spines on both margins beneath; no

genicular spines. All the tibial spines robust, grooved

beneath, and finely serrated. Front tibia as in the preceding

species ; mid tibix with spines on the outer aspect triseriately

arranged, none on the inner aspect, 5 apical spines, the

longest not equal to the first tarsal joint; hind tibize curved,

spines on the outer aspect triseriately arranged in two groups,

new Species of Blattide. 11

3 spines on the inner aspect arranged in a single oblique row,

7 apical spines, the longest exceeding in length the first

tarsal joint. Tarsi elongate, the metatarsi of the first and

second pairs of legs flattened and grooved, considerably ex-

ceeding in length the succeeding joints ; the second to fourth

joints of the mid tarsi also erooved and flattened ; the poste-

rior metatarsi not grooved, shorter than the first and second

yairs. Claws slender, without arolia.

Length 16 mm.; greatest breadth 11 mm.; pronotum

6°5 x 8:1 mm.

Tunis, Gatsa.

Type in the St. Petersburg Museum.

A singular species, belonging to the same group as P. afri-

cana, L., but differing in the peculiar tarsal structure and in

the single row of spines on the inner aspect of the hind tibia,

a character also presented by the genera Antsogamta and

Nymphrytria.

Chorismeura australica, sp. 0.

9. Form ovate, depressed. Head very flattened, frons

highly polished; testaceous. Antenne pale testaceous.

Pronotum hyaline, with two broad rufescent vittee ; very

broad in proportion to length, anteriorly broadly emarginate,

so that the vertex of the head is freely exposed, posteriorly

truncate, exposing the small testaceous scutellum, Tegmina

and wings not exceeding apex of abdomen. Teemina with

very broad hyaline marginal area, disc rufescent; mediastinal

vein very robust, extending throughout two-fifths of the

tegmen-length, but failing to reach the outer margin, the first

three costals abutting on it; radial vein simple, 9 costals,

ulnar vein with 4 oblique rami, the discoidal and anal areas

reticulated. Wings hyaline ; radial vein curved ; 10 costals,

all rising from the posterior third of the radial vein, their

apices incrassated, forming a conspicuous “ stigma” ; medio-

discal area twice as broad as medio-ulnar area, crossed by a

few transverse venules; ulnar vein biramose, the rami united

by anastomoses ; a large apical area, its base acutely angu-

late, in repose folded on the top of the wing. Abdomen

rufescent above, testaceous beneath, broad; supra-anal

lamina triangular, deeply incised at the apex; subgenital

lamina ample, posterior margin widely and faintly emar-

ginate. Cerci long, rufo-testaceous. Legs testaceous.

Total length 8 Thi length of tegmina 6°5 mm. ; pro-

notum 2x 3°3 mm.

Queensland, Cape York (Thorey) ; Rockhampton, Gayndah

(Godeffroy). Five specimens.

12 On some new Species of Blattidee.

Type in the Stockholm Museum.

The ootheca is chitinous and carried with the suture

uppermost.

Chorisoneura delicatula, sp. n.

?. Allied to the preceding species, but much larger and

differing in the following points:—Colour pale testaceo-

hyaline, disc of pronotum opaque testaceous. Pronotum

anteriorly less conspicuously emarginate. ‘T'egmina with

bases of mediastinal and radial veins opaque testaceous, some

of the intervenular spaces filled with rufo-testaceous ; ’medi-

astinal vein longer, 16-18 costals, 6 or 7 abutting on the

mediastinal vein; ulnar vein with 9 oblique rami. Wings

with 14 costals, not forming a “ stigma.”

Total length 11 mm.; length of body 7°5 mm.; length of

tegmina 8°5 mm.; pronotum 3x 4°8 mm.

Queensland, Peak Downs ((odeffroy), and Cape York

(Thorey). ‘lwo examples.

Type in the Stockholm Museum.

The genus Chorisoneura, Br., is here recorded for the first

time from Australia ; originally regarded as purely Neo-

tropical, recently its range has been shown to extend into

West Africa and the Indian subregion. It is possible that

when the genus has been thoroughly revised it will be neces-

sary to separate off the two Australian species under a

different generic name, for they differ somewhat from the

extra-Australian species; but, pending such a revision, they

may be regarded as outlying members of the rather loosely

defined genus Chorisoneura,

Blabera lindmant, sp. n.

3. Allied to B. immacula, Sauss. & Zehnt., from Pernam-

buco. Head piceous, frons not flattened, interspace between

eyes about equal to the length of the first two antennal joints.

Pronotum unicolorous castaneous, striated anteriorly and

posteriorly ; disc with a few impressions ; form similar to

that of BL. immaeula. Tegmina pale fuscous, bases of tie

mediastinal and radial veins darker: Wings hy aline, with

marginal area narrowly testaceous, outer margin sinuate.

Abdomen above wood-brown, beneath rufescent margined

with castaneous. Supra-anal lamina bilobate ; subgenital

Jamina slightly asymmetrical, notched on the right side, two

styles. Cerci very short. Legs castaneous ; femora entirely

unarmed beneath, formula of apical spines $, }, 4, front

On the Classification of the Order Ostaritophyst. 13

femora with no genicular spines; posterior metatarsi short,

unarmed, all the pulvilli very large; no arolia between the

tarsal claws.

Total length 42 mm.; length of body 32 mm.; length of

tegmina 32 mm.; pronotum 10 x14 mm.

Brazil (C. Lindman). One example only.

Type in the Stockholm Museum.

Panesthia froggatt?, sp. n.

9. Allied to P. kheili, Bol., and with almost identical

pronotal structure, but tegmina and wings reduced to squami-

form rudiments, their apices obliquely truncate. Outer

margins of seventh abdominal tergite faintly crenulate, the

apical tooth directed outwards as well as backwards; margin

of supra-anal lamina dentate.

Total length 37 mm.; length of tegmina 7:2 mm. ; pro-

notum 10x 14 mm.

Solomon Islands (W. W. Froggatt).

Type in Oxford University Museum.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.

Fig. 1. Apex of abdomen of Stylopyga proposita, sp. n.. 3. Dorsal

aspect.

Fig. 2. Apex of abdomen of Stylopyga togoensis, sp. n., 3. Dorsal

aspect. Note the large genital styles.

Fig. 3. Euthyrrapha vittata, sp.n., Q. xX 6.

Fig. 4. Left hind tibia and tarsus of Nymphrytria mirabilis, gen. et

sp. ny, 2:

Fig. 5. Lett mid tibia and tarsus (from below) of Polyphaga platypoda,

Bp. D...2.

Fig. 6. a, Left tegmen, 6, Right wing of Holocompsa capsoides, sp. n., d.

Il.— The Classification of the Teleostean Fishes of the

Order Ostartophysi.—l. Cyprinoidea. By C. Tate

Recan, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

[Plate II. }

THE order Ostariophysi includes a number of types which

are very divergent in form and appearance, but which agree

in the possession of the remarkable Weberian mechanism,

14 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

forming a communication between the air-bladder and the

internal ear *,

Hach ductus endolymphaticus unites with its fellow and

gives rise to a backwardly directed median diverticulum, the

sinus endolymphaticus, lying in a cavity of the basioccipital

which is roofed by laminar inward expansions of the ex-

occipitals. ‘This cavity, the cavum sinus imparis, communi-

cates anteriorly with the perilymph spaces surrounding the

internal ear, and posteriorly, where its bony roof terminates,

gives rise to a pair of lateral cavities, the atria sinus imparis.

The wall cf each atrium is partly membranous and is in part

formed by two ossicles, claustrum and scaphium, which repre-

sent the supra-neural and neural arches of the first vertebra ;

a ligament connects the scaphium with the tripus, a triangular

or triradiate bone mainly formed of the rib of the third

vertebra, but in the Characiformes clearly including the para-

pophysis also; in the connecting ligament may appear the

tntercalarium, primarily representing the neural arch of the

second vertebra. ‘The air-bladder is typically divided into

anterior and posterior portions; the former is supported by

the os suspensorium, either the parapophysis or rib of the

fourth vertebra, or perhaps both, and in its wall is inserted

the posterior process of the triyus. The other portions of

the tripus and the ¢ntercalarium lie in the cavity of the saccus

paravertebralis, a membranous sac filled with a semigelatinous

fluid ; in the more generalized types this sac communicates

anteriorly with the subdural lymph spaces of the cranium

through a lateral occipital foramen at the side of the foramen

magnum.

Sagemehl thought that the Ostariophysi were related to

Amia, but there can be little doubt that they are allied to

generalized Clupeoids such as the Elopide. The Characi-

formes are the least specialized of the Ostariophysi, and the

absence of a splenial, the presence of an endochondral supra-

occipital, the ossified mesocoracoid, the complete vertebral

centra, without caudal intercentra, and the homocereal struc-

ture of the caudal fin show that they are far removed from

Amia and are closely related to the Isospondyli.

The Ostariophysi may be divided into two well-marked

suborders, Cyprinoidea and Siluroidea ; the classification of

the former is the subject of the present memoir. ‘The

* On the Weberian mechanism of the Cyprinoidea see especially

Sagemehl, Morph. Jahrb. x, 1885, p. 102; Sérensen, Vid. Selsk. Skr.

Copenhagen, (6) vi. 1892, p. 131; Bridge and Haddon, Phil. Trans.

elxxxiy. (B), 1893, p. 65; Bloch, Jenaisch, Zeitschr. xxxiy. 1900, YER

’ Classification of the Order Ostariophyst. 15

Cyprinoids are malacopterous physostomes * with the pelvic

fins, when present, abdominal ; the head is naked and the

body is usually scaly ; the branchiostegals are few, 3-0.

Parietal bones are present, either meeting in the middle line

or separated by a fontanel, and an orbitosphenoid is always

present ; the metapterygoid and symplectic are well deve-

loped ; most of the parapophyses are distinct from the centra

(except in Misgurnus) and the anterior vertebrae remain

separate, or only the centra of the second and third may

unite ; epipleurals and epineurals are present.

The suborder Cyprinoidea includes three well-marked

divisions—Characiformes, Gymnotiformes, and Cy priniformes,

Division 1. CHARACIFORMEST.

Body deep or moderately elongate ; dorsal and caudal fins

well developed ; pelvic fins present; usually an adipose fin.

Mouth typically non-protractile; jaws usually toothed and

maxillary rarely excluded from the gape. Upper and lower

pharyngeals dentigerous, normally opposed. An opisthotic ;

posterior temporal fossa well developed, with two or three

posterior apertures. Hyopalatine and opercular bones all

present; palatine firmly attached to pterygoid and meso-

pterygoid. Post-temporal forked. Air-bladder large, free,

divided into two by a transverse constriction.

This group comprises several hundred species from the

fresh waters of Central and South America and Africa ; it

corresponds to the family Characide or Characinid of

authors f.

Family 1. Characide.

Premaxillaries not niuch produced; maxillaries well

developed. ‘Teeth in jaws usually strong; palate sometimes

toothed. Hyomandibular two-headed, the posterior head

inserted in a groove of the pterotic, the anterior with flat or

concave surface articulating with a flat or convex surface on

the sphenotie ; pterygoid narrowed posteriorly, immovably

attached to quadrate or mesopterygoid. Orbito-sphenoid

* Many Cobitide and Homalopteride, with the air-bladder reduced

and encapsuled, are physoclists.

+ Sagemehl, Morph. Jahrb. x. 1885, p. 102, has written a valuable

memoir on the crauial osteology. Gill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xviii. 1896,

p. 205, gives a list of some other papers of lesser importance.

t Cf. Bouleng. Camb. Nat. Hist., Fish. p. 575 (1904), and Cat. Afr.

Freshwater Fish. i. p. 174 (1909); Eigenmann, Reports Princeton Exped.

Patagon. 111. Zool. pts. 3 (1909) & 4 (1910).

16 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

forming a sutural union with frontals. Hypocoracoids sepa-

rate, often forming a pair of flat vertical ]amine which are

apposed in the middle line; pectoral radials usually 4, com-

pressed and somewhat elongate, articulating with a ridge on

the hypercoracoid. Scales cycloid. Dorsal fin median or

posterior, short or of moderate length.

Chiefly carnivorous fishes from the fresh waters of Central

and South America and Africa.

The principal genera may be arranged thus :—

I. Premaxillaries fixed, firmly attached to the mesethmoid; maxil-

laries usually movable, rarely adherent to preemaxillaries.

A, Abdomen not serrated.

1. Teeth on the palatines or pterygoids: American.

a. Anal fin short; no fontanel.

Lateral line present, running straight along

middle of side; teeth in jaws conical,

with canines; a band of teeth on each

side of the palate; hypocoracoids not in

contact. (Erythrinine.) .......-.-.+ Erythrinus, Hoplias.

Lateral line absent; teeth in jaws rather

small, tricuspid; a few small teeth on

each side of the palate; hypocoracoids

forming vertical laminze which are ap-

posed in the middle line. (Lebiasinine.) Lebiasina, Piabucina.

b. Anal fin long; lateral line more or less decuryed ; hypo-

coracoids forming median vertical lamin ; teeth in jaws

conical, with canines.

A series of conical teeth on each pterygoid ;

base of pectoral fin rather short. (Aces-

PAOUCIND RING.) ones. «a's sia SE Oligosarcus, Acestrorham-

phus, Acestrorhynchus.

Minute granular teeth on pterygoid and meso-

pterygoid ; base of pectoral fin very long.

(Cynodontine.)....... = Wine sa leisinnn ..-» Cynodon.

2. Palate toothless; lateral line usually decurved; hypocoracoids

forming median vertical lamine.

a. Premaxillary with « posterior toothed process lying between

maxillary and pterygoid *; teeth conical, with canines:

African. (Sarcodacine.) .... Sarcodaces.

6, Premaxillary normal. (Characine.)

c. Mesethmoid very large ...... _ Chaleceus, _Plethodectes,

Pyrrhulina, Pogonocharax.

B. Mesethmoid of moderate size.

Teeth usually in 2 to 4 series in the praemax-

* In Sarcodaces, as in many Characiformes with the snout produced,

the pterygoids extend to the vomer below or internal to the palatines,

which retain their lateral ethmoid attachment.

Classification of the Order Ostartophys¢. 17

illaries, compressed, notched or denticu-

TOUS Pea Woda Lich pec dvdene .. Bryconethiops*, Alestes *,

Petersius *, Brycon, Chalcinus, Henochilus, Bryconops,

Creagr utus, Deuterodon, Pseudochalceus, Crenuch us T,

Scissor, Bramocharav, Tetragonopterus, Astyanaz,

Stichanodon +, Iquano deobbs: Hemibrycon, Par agoniates,

Gymnocharacinus, Diapoma, Corynopoma, Pseudo-

corynopoma, Stethaprion, Brachychaleinus.

Teeth in 2 series in the premaxillaries, the

outer or both conical or subconical ; anal

GE MOdGrure IONGGH 5... 68 eee Salminus, Hystricodon,

Agoniates.

Teeth uniserial, compressed, serrated in-

CIS OR UD NISIAQIL) oo os 5 cg eis aceyare wore Chirodon, Odontostilbe,

Piabuea.

Teeth uniserial, compressed, pointed, notched

or denticulated ; mouth larger ........ Aphiocharax, Mimagoni-

ates, Leptagoniates,

Teeth uniserial, conical, without canines; anal

not very elongate. Bia d we igh axis Si Phoxinopsis, Ctenocharax.

Teeth conical, with canines; anal fin very

oo weed: fe icanleng Charax, Roeboides, Cyno-

potamus.

B. Abdomen keeled and serrated, bearing a median series of sharp-

edged bony plates with backwardly ‘directed points : American.

(Serr ASAIMONINE.) cece cc cenes Mylesinus, Pygocentrus,

Pygopristis, Serrasalmo, Myletes.

II. Preemaxillaries movable ; maxillaries firmly united by suture with

the premaxillaries: African. (Hydrocyonine.)

ETydrocyon.

The Characinz correspond to about fourteen of Higen-

mann’s subfamilies; many of these are certainly natural

groups, inasmuch as they include but a single genus or two

or three closely related genera. Iguanodectes, Gymno-

characinus, Diapoma, Corynopoma, Stichanodon, and ‘Steth-

aprion are apparently quite as near to Tetragonopterus and

Astyanaz as the latter are to Brycon, and, in my opinion,

nothing is gained by making them the types of separate

subfamilies.

Chalceus and Plethodectes are placed by Kigenmann in the

Piabucinine, which he distinguishes from ‘the Tetragono-

pterinee by the absence of fontanels, a character of very slight

importance. In the Characiformes the presence of fontanels

is probably sometimes a primitive feature, sometimes not ;

they have often become reduced or have disappeared or have

not developed, especially in those forms with the upper

surface of the head flattish and the occipital crest low.

* These genera are African, the other Characinze American.

+ Teeth uniserial, but these genera are apparently related to the genera

with biserial teeth, after which they are placed.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 2

18 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

Distichodus has fontanels, but Nannocharaz has not; Hemi-

odus has fontanels, but Parodon has not; most species of

Alestes have fontanels, but in Alestes macrolepidotus they are

absent and the parietals are united by suture. I could give

other examples, but these will suffice.

Chalceus has the mouth and dentition of Brycon and is

certainly related to that genus; on the other hand, the large

scales, the short anal fin, the flattish head, &c. suggest

relationship to Pyrrhulina, which is confirmed by the large

size of the mesethmoid bone and by the somewhat inter-

mediate dentition of P/lethodectes.

Another genus with the mouth and dentition of Brycon is

Chaleinus, which differs chiefly in the keeled thorax and

compressed abdomen ; on this account Higenmann associates

it with Gastropelecus, but the skeleton is essentially similar

tothat of Brycon. Pseudocorynopoma differs rather markedly

from Chalcinus, and appears to me more nearly related to

Astyanax. In Paragoniates and Leptagoniates the keel of

the thorax is evident, but the abdomen is not compressed to

a sharp edge; these appear to me to be related to Hemi-

brycon and Aphyocharax respectively, whilst Piabuca may

stand in the same relation to Odontostible that Chalcinus does

to Brycon.

From the above remarks it will be evident that I do not

regard Eigenmann’s Gastropelecinee and Agoniatine as

natural groups, and the same may be said of his Characine,

which includes three well-marked groups which are not

specially related, viz. (1) Bramocharax, (2) Salminus and

LHystricodon, and (3) Charax, Roeboides, and Cynopotamus.

Bramocharaz is, in my opinion, closely related to Scissor ;

the latter is a Tetregonopterus with large mouth, produced

snout, enlarged anterior teeth, and outer seiies of preemaxillary

teeth reduced ; Bramocharax seems to differ only in that the

snout is longer, the enlarged anterior teeth are further apart,

and the outer premaxillary teeth are still smaller. Salminus

and LHystricodon are closely related to Brycon, from which

they differ only in the dentition ; moreover, most of the

teeth in Salminus are not truly conical, but approximate to

the compressed and tricuspid type, especially in young

specimens ; Agoniates is known to me only from the deserip-

tion and figure of Miiller and Troschel, but I believe that it

will prove to be closely related to Salminus.

Charax, Roeboides, and Cynopotamus, with their exposed

maxillary and long anal fin, show little resemblance to Sal-

minus, but much to Hemibrycon and Paragoniates, to which

they are probably rather closely related.

Classification of the Order Ostariophysi. 19

The African genus /ydrocyon has most of the characters

of Characins such as A/estes, from which it differs especially

in the structure of the mouth. ‘The well-developed maxillary

is firmly united by suture to the premaxillary, and the latter

is movably articulated with the ethmoid. The jaws are not

much produced and the teeth are strong spaced canines ; the

mouth can be widely opened, and by pulling down the lower

jaw the upper can be readily made to move in a vertical

plane until the edge forms an angle of 50° with its position

when the mouth is closed *.

Family 2. Gastropelecide.

The South-American genus Gastropelecus has usually been

placed near Chalcinus, but I find that whilst the latter is

Fig. 1.

Cleithrum and primary pectoral arch (except radials) of

A. Gastropelecus pectorosus and B. Chalcinus trachypomus.

el, cleithrum ; cor, hypocoracoid ; sc, hypercoracoid (scapula) ;

m, mesocoracoid.

extremely similar to Brycon in osteological characters, Gastro-

pelecus is quite different. Gastropelecus is remarkable for its

* According to Boulenger (Cat. African Freshwater Fishes, i. p. 179)

the preemaxillaries are “slightly movable vertically.”

20 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

deep strongly compressed body, with the thorax and abdomen

expanded into a sharp-edged semicircular disc ; the pelvic

fins are very small and the pectorals are long, with the rays

very strongly branched, except the first, which is stout and

simple. The pectoral arch is quite unique in structure; the

hypocoracoids are ankylosed, forming a single bone, which is

expanded below into a very large lamina that somewhat

resembles a half-folded fan, the prominent radiating ridges

of one side corresponding to the hollow grooves of the other ;

the radials are represented by a single short and broad bone,

with a concavity fitting the broad convex articulating surface

of the hypercoracoid.

In most other characters Gastropelecus is not unlike

Tetragonopterus, except that there is no fontanel and rather

prominent longitudinal ridges border the well-developed

muciferous channels on the upper surface of the head.

Family 3. Xiphostomatide.

Osteological characters of the Characidee, but the small

maxillary is firmly united by suture with the very long pre-

maxillary and the upper jaw is somewhat movable. The

snout is produced and tie mouth is large, with the teeth in

the jaws small, uniserial; a band of minute teeth is present

on the pterygoid; the scales are ciliated, the lateral line,

when present, runs along the middle of the side, and the

dorsal and anal fins are short, posterior.

South American ; carnivorous, pike-like fishes.

Xitphostoma, Luciocharaz.

Family 4. Anostomide.

Upper jaw movable, the premaxillaries articulating with a

pair of antero-lateral sessile facets on the mesethmoid ;

maxillaries movably articulated with or adherent to the prie-

maxillaries. Teeth, when well developed, compressed in-

cisors ; palate toothless. Pterygoid rather broad posteriorly,

overlapping the quadrate. Orbitosphenoid connecting ali-

sphenoids and parasphenoid, nearly or entirely separated

from the frontals. Dorsal fin median, short ; scales cycloid

or ciliated; lateral line straight.

These fishes are South American.

‘he genera may be arranged thus :—

I, Mouth small, non-protractile; lips thick. Praemaxillaries trian-

gular; inner ends of maxillaries articulating with mesethmoid ;

rami of lower jaw short and stout. Quadrate firmly united to

pterygoid and preoperculum (PI. IL. fig. 1); hyomandibular as

in the Characide. (Anostomine.)

Classification of the Order Ostariophysi. 9

A. Teeth well-developed in both jaws, uniserial, fixed incisors. .

Anostomus, Khytiodus, Leporinus, Leporellus.

5, Teeth very small, movable, labial, uniserial in both jaws, or in

the upper only.......... Cn R- mibcete Cenotropus.

II. Mouth wide, non-protractile ; lips thin or absent; jaws toothless.

Premaxillaries expanded transversely, carrying the smaJl maxil-

_laries away from the mesethmoid; rami of lower jaw moderately

long, their transverse anterior portions slender. Suspensorium as

inthe Anostomine. (Curimatine.).. Curimatus, Anodus.

III. Mouth terminal, somewhat protractile, with thick lips concealing

the maxillaries ; teeth minute, labial. Preemaxillaries curved ;

rami of lower jaw short, but formed as in the Curimatine.

Quadrate movably articulated with the pterygoid in front and the

preopercle behind; mesopterygoid and metapterygoid firmly

united by suture, but only looselv attached to the pterygoid and

hyomandibular respectively (Pl. II. fig. 2); hyomandibular with

a single head, fitting into a groove formed by the sphenotie and

pterotic. (Prochilodonting.) ...... Prochilodus.

Family 5. Hemiodontida.

Premaxillaries small, movably attached to the ethmoid ;

maxillaries well developed, articulated with or adherent to

the premaxillaries, their inner extremities articulating with

the mesethmoid; mouth small, subterminal. Teeth uni-

serial, in both jaws or in the upper only; palate toothless.

Pterygoid movably articulated with quadrate, narrowed

posteriorly, ending in a small condyle; mesopterygoid firmly

attached to pterygoid and loosely connected with quadrate

(Pl. Il. fig. 4). In other osteological characters essentially

similar to the Characide. Dorsal fin short, median ; anal

short ; scales cycloid; lateral line, when present, straight.

South American.

The principal genera may be arranged thus :—

I. Teeth fixed, conical or cuspidate, forming a single series in both

jaws. Hyomandibular broad, two-headed. (Nannostomine.)

Nannostomus, Characidium.

II. Premaxillaries with a single series of movable serrated incisors ;

lower jaw with a rather sharp transverse toothless edge anteriorly,

with or without 2 or 3 small teeth laterally. Hyomandibular with

a single head, fitting into a groove formed by the sphenotic and

pterotic. (Hemidonting.) .... Hemiodon, Saccodon, Parodon.

Family 6. Citharinide.

Upper jaw movable, the preemaxillaries articulated with a

pair of antero-lateral apophyses of the mesethmoid; maxil-

Javies articulated with or attached to premaxillaries, their

inner ends not reaching the mesethmoid. ‘Teeth in jaws

22 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

usually compressed, often cuspidate; palate toothless.

Hyomandibular with a single head fitting into a groove ;

pterygoid normally attached to quadrate. Orbitosphenoid

forming a long sutural union with frontals. Dorsal fin

median, often rather elongate ; scales usually ciliated ; lateral

line, when present, straight.

This very natural group of African fishes corresponds to

the Ichthyoborinz, Distichodontine, and Citharinine of

Boulenger, after excluding from the latter the American

genera Curimatus and Prochilodus.

In the following arrangement of the genera important

differences in the structure of the lower jaw are for the first

time taken into account :—

I. Rami of lower jaw widely separated for the greater part of their

length, anteriorly slender and curved together, movably connected

at the symphysis ; dentary and articulare firmly united *.

Scales strongly ciliated; maxillary rather

large, movably articulated with preemax-

illary ; upper jaw not or scarcely pro-

jecting beyond the lower; teeth small,

bicuspid, in 2 or 3 series. (Xenochara-

PUAN is sro lee ws aisles s FEE See a Nannethiops, Neolebias,

Xenocharax.

Scales strongly ciliated; maxillary united

with premaxillary ; upper jaw strongly

projecting, toothless anteriorly; teeth

very small, bicuspid, uniserial. (Hemi-

SLICHOUONUNUC.) . 0 «<1. <.« ste ee Hemistichodus.

Seales cycloid, or with the marginal teeth

few and strong; maxillary small, adhe-

rent to premaxillary; teeth minute,

pointed or truncate, uniserial, on the

labial margin. (Citharining.) ........ Citharidium, Citharinus.

II. Dentaries more or less massive, firmly connected at the symphysis,

movably articulated with the articulares.

A. Mouth small, subterminal or inferior ; lower jaw short, with the

rather massive dentaries merely coalescent; maxillary well

developed, adherent to premaxillary ; teeth small, bicuspid, in

1 or 2 series. (Distichodontine.).. Distichodus, Nannocharax.

B. Mouth terminal, rather large, the jaws produced ; dentaries very

massive, united by a long suture; premaxillaries similar to the

dentaries, with the reduced maxillaries united to them by suture.

(Ichthyoborine.) 7

No canines; teeth biserial, the outer strong,

compressed, bi- or tricuspid ; maxillary

entering the gape ...........cccseen Eugnathichthys, Para-

phago, Phago.

* I find a well-developed angulare in Citharinus, as in other Characi-

formes.

Classification of the Order Ostariophysi. 23

Strong anterior canines; lateral teeth com-

pressed, pointed, backwardly directed,

uni- or bicuspid, uniserial, with or with-

out minute inner teeth; premaxillary

decurved posteriorly, excluding the max-

illary from the gape ................ Iehthyoborus, Mesoborus,

Neoborus.

Division 2. GYMNOTIFORMES®*.

These Neotropical fishes differ from the Characiformes

externally in the short precaudal region and anterior veut,

long tapering tail, with the anal fin much extended and the

caudal reduced « absent, absence of dorsal and pelvic fins,

and restricted gill-openings. The mouth is non-prctractile

and the maxillaries enter the gape. In cranial osteology the

Gymnotiformes closely resemble the Characide, but the

opisthotic is absent ; palatine and pterygoid bones are absent,

but the other members of the hyopalatine series are well

developed (Pl. II. fig. 3), and the mesopterygoid forms an

extensive union with the parasphenoid and vomer. The

suboperculum is reduced or absent. The post-temporal is

simple ; the coracoids show considerable differenees in struc-

ture and development within the group. ‘The vertebral

column is similar to that of the Characiformes ; the centra of

the first four vertebra remain distinct and the anterior ribs

are inserted on autogenous parapophyses. The anterior and

posterior divisions of the air-bladder are connected by

narrow duct fF.

The principal characters of the families and subfamilies

are shown in the following synopsis :—

I. Maxillaries well developed, larger than premaxillaries, Hypo-

coracoid >-shaped, the slender lower fork running downwards

and forwards to the cleithrum; pectoral radials ‘4, Anterior

nostril superior; vent below the head; mouth usually small;

dentition varied. Body scaly, compressed ; no electric organs ;

orbitosphenoid and alisphenoids well developed.

A. Mesocoracoid well developed ; lower limb of hypocoracoid meet-

ing cleithrum near the symphysis ; ; anterior part of air-bladder

enclosed in a bony capsule; mouth toothless ; maxillary articu-

lated with distal end of preemaxillary ; no caudal ; no adipose

0p £67 OR OCE OE BOC rene SHIGA paoGOT il; Rhamphichthyide.

* Kigenmann and Ward, Proc. Washington Acad. vii. 1905, p. 169,

ive a systematic account of the genera and species,

+ Reimhardt, Arch. f. Naturg. ‘1854, p- 159.

24 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

B. No mesocoracoid ; lower limb of hypocoracoid ending at edge of

cleithrum far above the symphysis; air-bladder free; teeth,

when present, small, pointed.......... 2. Sternarchide.

Maxillary with an apophysis articulating with a

facet on head of vomer; caudal fin present;

adipose fin represented by a long strip, lying

in a groove on the back and attached ante-

FIOTIY shee ene ese Se TORRE EE .. 2a, Sternarchine.

Maxillary not directly articulated with ethmoid

or vomer; no caudal; no adipose fin ...... 2b. Sternopygine.

UU. Maxiliaries very small. Hypocoracoid a small lamina; meso-

coracoid present, but very small; lowest pectoral radial shorter

than the next. Anterior nostril labial; yent jugular; mouth

moderate; teeth in jaws strong, uniserial; palate toothless. No

caudal; no adipose fin.

A. Body scaly, compressed, moderately elongate ; no electric organs ;

a small fontanel; orbitosphenoid and alisphenoids well deve-

loped, separating parasphenoid from frontals; 4 pectoral radials ;

vertebrae about 120) - eee emer epee 3. Gymnotide.

B. Body naked, not compressed, very elongate ; large electric organs

in the tail; no fontanel ; orbitosphenoid and alisphenoids appa-

rently suppressed, the parasphenoid extending upwards to the

frontals ; 7 or 8 pectoral radials; vertebra about 250.

4. Electrophoride.

These Neotropical fishes have usually been placed in a

single family, but I think that it will be readily admitted

that the remarkable differences indicated above call for the

recognition of at least four families.

Fig. 2.

Cleithrum and primary pectoral arch of A. Rhamphichthys rostratus,

B. Sternarchus allifrons, and C, Gymnotus carapo.

el, cleithrum ; sc, hypercoracoid ; ms, mesocoracoid; cor, hypocoracoid ;

, radials,

Classification of the Order Ostariophysi.

Family 1. Rhamphichthyide.

The genus Rhamphichthys includes fishes with a produced

snout and toothless mouth, mental vent and anal fin origi-

nating below or in advance of theeyes. The pectoral arch is

more primitive in structure than in any other fishes of the

group. ‘The small capsule which contains the anterior

portion of the air-bladder has a median aperture poste-

riorly, and there is on each side an antero-superior opening

which receives the end of the tripus. The vertebre are

numerous (more than 140 in &. rostratus) ; the skull is very

similar to that of Sternopygus, with the fontanel very large.

Family 2. Sternarchide.

The Sternarchine include the genera Sternarchus, Stern-

archogiton, Sternarchorhamphus, and Sternarchorhynchus.

In this subfamily the jaws are usually toothed, but the palate

‘is toothless. I have examined the skeleton in Sternarchus

albifrons, which has the skull smooth and rounded and the

fontanel very small; the orbitosphenoid is paired, the two

bones being separately united to the parasphenoid; the

vertebrae number about 70.

I have satisfied myself by dissection that the pectoral arch

is precisely similar in structure in Sternarchus, Sternopygus,

and Steatogenys, differing from that of Rhamphichthys in the

smalier size of the hypocoracoid and the absence of a meso-

coracoid,

Sternopygus and Steatogenys agree together and differ from

the Sternarchine in the absence of adipose and caudal fins

and in the structure of the skuli, the fontanel extending from

supra-occipital to ethmoid, and of the mouth, a nodule of

cartilage intervening between vomer and maxillary. In

Sternopygus teeth are present in the jaws and on the meso-

pterygoids, in Steatogenys the mouth is toothless. These

two genera, with the allied Higenmannia and Hypopomus,

constitute the subfamily Sternopygine®. In Sternopygus

macrurus there are more than 90 vertebra.

Family 3. Gymnotide.

This family includes but a single species, Gymnotus carapo

(Carapus fasciatus), in most of its characters nearer to

Electrophorus than to the members of the preceding group.

The skull approaches that of Electrophorus in general form ;

especially noteworthy is the curving upwards of the edges ot

26 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

the parasphenoid, the breadth of the ethmoid, no doubt

correlated with the strength of the premaxillaries, and the

very small fontanel between the supra-occipital and parietals.

Family 4. Electrophoridz *.

This family also contains only one species, the electric eel,

Electrophorus electricus ( Gymnotus electricus), differing from

the preceding in the characters of specialization enumerated

in the synopsis.

Division 3. CYPRINIFORMES.

Body deep or moderately elongate ; dorsal and caudal fins

well developed ; pelvic fins usually present ; no adipose fin.

Mouth toothless, typically protractile. Opisthotic small or

absent ; posterior temporal fossa absent or variously deve-

loped, when present with a single posterior aperture. Lower

pharyngeals typically falciform, not cpposed to the toothless

upper pharyngeals, but to paired posterior processes of the

basioccipital, which may unite below the aorta. Hyopalatine

and opercular bones all present ; palatine movably articulated

with mesopterygoid. Post-temporal simple.

Sagemehl (Morph. Jahrb. xvii. 1891, pp. 489-594,

pls. xxviii. & xxix.) has given a detailed account of the cranial

osteology of this group. The skeleton is very similar to that

of the Characiformes, but there are some important differences.

In all the Cypriniformes the orbitosphenoid joins the

alisphenoids behind, the lateral ethmoids in front, the frontals

above, and the parasphenoid below. ‘The palatine ends

behind in a convex head which fits a concavity of the meso-

pterygoid; internally it articulates with the “ septo-max-

illaries,” which are usually ossified and firmly united to the

vomer, appearing as antero-lateral apophyses of that bone,

but may remain as cartilages intervening between the vomer

and palatine. The “septo-maxillary” and palatine articu-

late anteriorly with the maxillary, either directly or through

the intervention of one or two pairs of “submaxillary” or

“ nre-palatine”’ cartilages (Catostomidee) or bones (Cobitide,

Homalopteridxe), which are more or less reduced in the

Cyprinide.

The premaxillaries have ascending pedicels which are

attached to the extremity of a movable “rostral” bone;

this is articulated with the vomer and is vertical when the

* On the electric organ, see Sachs, ‘ Untersuchungen am Zitteraal,’

1881.

Classification of the Order Ostariophysi. 2

premaxillaries are retracted, horizontal when they are

protruded.

The Cypriniformes correspond to the family Cyprinids of

Giinther, who, in 1868 (Cat. Fish. vil.),, recognized four

principal divisions, which have been accepted by all subse-

quent authors. These groups have sometimes been regarded

as subfamilies, sometimes as separate families — Catosto-

midx, Cyprinide, Cobitide, and Homalopteride.

Family 1. Catostomide.

Premaxillaries small and maxillaries entering the gape;

lips usually fleshy ; no barbels. Pharyngeal teeth uniserial,

oiten numerous; pharyngeal processes of basioccipital

uniting below the dorsal aorta to form an expanded perforated

Jamella, rolled up at the edges, ending in a short blunt

process, and not covered with a horny sheath. Mesethmoid

broad, firmly united with frontals ; subtemporal fosse shallow ;

a large lateral occipital foramen on each side of the foramen

magnum ; paired fosse present in the temporal region,

open above and closed behind, but no posterior temporal

fosse. Cleithra normally suspended from supra-cleithra,

much expanded transversely. Air-bladder large, free,

divided into two or three parts by transverse constrictions.

Outer ramus of os suspensortum strong, downwardly directed,

with a transverse laminar expansion which meets its fellow ;

transverse process of secona vertebra with a laminar expan-

sion directed downwards and backwards, united by suture

with the lamina of the os suspensorium.

Principal genera: Curpiodes, Cycleptus, Catostomus, Xy-

rauchen, Mowxostoma, &c., with about sixty species from

North America. M/yxocyprinus, with two species from

China, is related to Carpvodes.

Family 2. Cyprinidae.

Preemaxillaries excluding maxillaries from gape; one or two

pairs of barbels or none. Pharyngeal teeth, when present, in

one, two, or three series, not more than seven in one series ;

pharyngeal processes of basioccipital typically united below

the aorta to form a horizontal or oblique plate, flattish or

concave below, supporting a horny pad*, and produced back-

wards into a strong process for the attachment of the retractor

muscles of the lower pharyngeals. Mesethmoid broad, firmly

* On the structure of this horny pad, see Gratzianow, Zool. Anz. xxiii.

1900, p. 66.

28 Mr. C. T. Regan on the’

united with frontals ; subtemporal fosse very deep; no

temporal depressions, but supra-temporal fosse more or less

distinct, open behind, roofed by the post-temporal and some-

times by the pterotic and parietal. Cleithra normally sus-

pended from supra-cleithra. Air-bladder divided into two

parts by a constriction, typically large and free, but sometimes

reduced (Discognathus, Gyrinochilus), or the anterior part

sometimes enclosed in a bony capsule formed by the ossa

suspensoria (Rhinogobio, Saurogobio). Outer ramus of os

suspensorium not connected with its fellow nor with the

transverse process of second vertebra.

A fontanel is usually absent, but in Saurogobio it extends

from the supra-occipital to the ethmoid, except for the frontal

bridge. ‘Ihe capsule enclosing tle anterior part of the air-

bladder in Rhinogobio is quite remote from the transverse

processes of the second vertebra and is widely open behind.

In Saurogobio the posterior aperture is reduced and there

are lateral expansions with terminal orifices which bear some

resemblance to those of the Cobitidze; in this case, however,

the transverse processes of the second vertebra are free

except near their base, where they support the lateral ex-

pansions, and the cavities of the latter do not communicate

with that of the capsule and apparently contain diverticula of

the paravertebral sacs.

There are probably at least 1000 species known from North

America, Hurasia, and Africa.

A satisfactory classification of the genera cannot be arrived

at without monographing the family, but the following

remarks may not be out of place.

The greatest variety of genera and species is found in Asia,

which may be regarded as the original home of the group;

and of all the genera which I have examined Opsarichthys

seems to be the most primitive. The terminal mouth, wide

gill-openings, large pseudobranchia, median dorsal fin,

rounded abdomen, triserial pharyngeal teeth, complete series

of circumorbitals, large posterior temporal fosse, and separate

second and third vertebiz are all features of generalization.

The foramen between quadrate and metapterygoid, so charac-

teristic of the Characiformes, is well developed in Opsari-

techthys ; this foramen is also present in Chela, but is absent

in all other Cyprinids. In Opsardichthys the cleithra are

formed much as in typical Characifermes, narrowing forwards

to a point; many other genera with strongly decurved

Jateral line—Barilius, Danio, &e.—agree with Opsartichthys

in the form of the cleithra, rounded or pointed anteriorly, and

these are connected by genera such as Aspcus with Leuciscus

Classification of the Order Ostartophyst. 29

and its allies, in which the cleithra are more expanded and

truncated anteriorly; all the American genera seem to be

Leuciscines, and A/burnus and Abramis also pertain to this

group, to which Lhodeus is nearly related; the Barbus

group differs in that the cleithra are distinctly emarginate

anteriorly.

These characters are not sufficiently well marked for the

definition of subfamilies, and others, such as the pharyngeal

dentition, the form of the pharyngeal process, &c., are of use

only in defining genera or small groups of genera.

Giinther’s Cyprinina seems to be a natural group, after

excluding the North-American genera, but to it should be

added Rohteichthys and Osteobrama, with the osteological

characters of Barbus, and doubtless Leptobarbus and Mystaco-

leucus also; T’inca seems to be nearer to Barbus than to

Leuciscus. Vhe Kasborina and Danionina should be united

and some of the Abramidina should be added to this group,

some to the Leuciscina. Xenocypris is a Leuciscine, and the

aberrant Semiplotus is, perhaps, nearest to it. LHZypophthalm-

ichthys is nearly related to the Barilius group.

Thanks to the kindness of Mlle. Dr. C. L. Popta, I have

been able to examine a specimen of the remarkable Bornean

Cyprinid, Gyrinochilus pustulosus, Vaill. ‘This fish is

evidently closely related to Discognathus, which it resembles

in form, scaling, structure, and position of the fins, structure

of the air-bladder, interior mouth with the united lips ex-

panded and papillose, and even in the groove on the snout

and the disposition of the tubercles on the head. Gyrino-

chilus differs externally from Dusecgnathus especially in the

much broader lips, folded when retracted and when expanded

recalling the suctorial dise of Petromyzon, and in the structure

of the gill-opening, the upper part of which forms an in-

halent orifice, the opercular membrane being curved inwards

in front of the pectoral arch in this region. As described

and figured by Vaillant, each branchial arch has a double

series of gill-rakers developed along the upper edge of the

gill, filtering the inhalent current of water. Internally

Gyrinochilus is remarkable chiefly for the very long and

much convoluted intestine, the slender toothless lower pha-

ryngeals, the absence of a horny pad, and the reduction of

the pharyngeal processes of the basioccipital toa pair of short

blunt projections, much as in some Cobitidse and Homalo-

pteridee.

Extraordinarily aberrant as Gyrinochilus is, its place in

the system seems to be in the family Cyprinide next to

Crossochilus and Discognathus ; to make it the type of a

30 Mr. C, T. Regan on the

separate family or subfamily would merely obscure its

relationships *.

Some of the more typical genera are grouped in the

following list :—Opsaritchthys, Chela; Barilius, Bola, Aspi-

doparia, Danio, Nematabramis, Rasbora, Luciosoma, Nuria,

Amblypharyngodon, Aspius, Scombrocypris, Chanodichthys,

Pelecus, Culter; Hypophthalmichthys ; Leuciscus, Squalio-

barbus, Xenocypris, Ctenopharyngodon, Chondrostoma, Ortho-

don, Campostoma, Hybognathus, Cochlognathus, Hybopsis,

Exoglossum; Alburnus, Abramis; Semiplotus ; Lhodeus,

Acanthorhodeus, Achilognathus; Cyprinus, Carassius, Barbus,

Cosmochilus, Leptobarbus, Rohteichthys, Osteobrama, Varico-

rhinus, Gymnostomus, Psilorhynchus, Scaphiodon, Thynn-

ichthys, Albulichthys, Labeo, Barbichthys, Dangila, Cirrhina,

Osteochilus, Catla, Crossochilus, Discognathus, Gyrinochilus,

Tinea, Aulopyge, Rhynchocypris, Pseudorasbora; Lucio-

brama; Oreinus, Schizothorax, Diptychus, Gymnocypris,

Ptychobarbus, Schizopygopsis; Hemibarbus, Acanthogobio,

Gobio, Pseudogobio, Leucogobio, Rhinogobio, Saurogobio.

Family 3. Cobitide.

Preemaxillaries excluding maxillaries from gape; three

pairs of barbels or more. Pharyngeal teeth uniserial, often

rather numerous, on the inner and posterior edges of sub-

triangular laminar expansions of the pharyngeal bones, which

are scarcely falciform; pharyngeal processes of basioccipital

sometimes very small, sometimes larger and meeting below

the aorta, but never united and not supporting a horny pad.

Subtemporal fossz shallow ; a lateral occipital foramen on

each side of the foramen magnum. Preorbital and sub-

orbitals unossitied. Cleithra normally suspended from supra-

cleithra. Posterior part of air-bladder small or vestigial ;

anterior part enclosed in a bony capsule, produced outwards

on each side into an expansion with terminal orifice, connected

by a duct with the skin above the pectoral fin; anterior wall

of lateral expansion of air-bladder capsule formed by the

transverse process of the second vertebra.

he numerous species of this family are chiefly inhabitants

of mountain streams in tropical and temperate Asia. Three

species are European and one is found in Abyssinia.

* Since writing the above I note that Mlle. Popta (Notes Leyden

Mus. xxvii. 1906, p. 122) has described from Borneo Paracrossochilus

biecrnis, a fish in many ways nearer to Gyrinochilus than either Crosso-

chilus or Discognathus, the lips folding in a similar manner when the

mouth is shut.

Classification of the Order Ostarvophyst. 31

The principal genera may be arranged thus * :—

I, Mesethmoid firmly united to frontals; skull depressed ; anterior

part of air-bladder nearly divided into two, the lateral halves of

the capsule connected only by a narrow bridge; no spine ; barbels

Gor8 (Nemachiline.)............ Nemachilus, Diplophysa,

Oreonectes, Lefua.

II. Mesethmoid movably articulated with frontals; skull compressed ;

air-bladder undivided, the central portion of the capsule sub-

spherical. (Cobitidine.)

A. Nospine; 10 or 12 barbels ; parapophyses ankylosed with centra.

Misgurnus.

B. Lateral ethmoid a movable spine; 6 or 8 barbels; parapophyses

distinct from centra ............ Botia, Parabotia, Lepto-

botia, Acanthopsis, Cobitis, Lepidocephalichthys,

Jerdonia, Acanthophthalmus, Lepidocephalus,

Lucirrichthys, Apua.

Family 4. Homalopteride.

Piemaxillaries excluding maxillaries from gape; three

pairs of barbels or more. Pharyngeal teeth uniserial, often

rather numerous ; lower pharyngeals falciform ; pharyngeal

processes of basioccipital very small or absent; no horny

pharyngeal pad. Skull depressed ; mesethmoid broad, firmly

united to frontals ; subtemporal fossz deep ; lateral occipital

foramina absent. Suborbitals ossified and preorbital large,

extending forward to the end of the snout, supported by an

anterior process of the lateral ethmoid. Cleithra directly

attached to epiotics, expanded below to form horizontal

lamin. Air-bladder reduced, completely divided into two

lateral portions, each enclosed in a capsule formed by the os

suspensorium and the transverse process of the second vertebra;

each capsule with a lateral orifice beneath the skin and with

an extended facet for articulation with the cleithrum.

This well-marked family includes a number of species from

Southern Asia, which are readily distinguished by the nume-

rous barbels, the subterminal or inferior mouth, the flattish

lower surface, and the horizontal paired fins with the anterior

rays simple, graduated.

Genera: Homaloptera, Lepturichthys t+, Helgia, Balitora,

* Cf. Vaillant, Notes Leyden Mus, xxiv. 1902, p. 133, for a synopsis

of the genera.

+ Lepturichthys, gen. nov., type Homaloptera fimbriatum, Giinth.,

differs from Homaloptera in the long slender tail, with a dorsal and

ventral series of plates, which are probably expansions of the neural and

heemal spines.

og Mr. J. W. Shoebotham on some

Octonema, Glaniopsis, Parahomaloptera, Crossostoma, Hemi-

myzon *, Gastromyzon (cf. Vaillant, Notes Leyden Mus. xxiv.

1902, p. 110).

EXPLANATION OF PLATE II.

Fig. 1. Tlyopalatine and opercular bones of Leporinus frederict.

Fig. 2. Ditto of Prorhilodus lineatus.

Fig. 3. Ditto of Sternopygus macrurus.

Fig. 4. Ditto of Hemiodus kappleri.

p, frontal process of mesopterygoid ; pal, palatine; pt, pterygoid ; g, quad-

rate ; ms, mesopterygoid ; mt, metapterygoid; ky, hyomandibular ;

sy, symplectic; pop, preoperculum ; op, operculum ; sop, suboper-

culum ; dop, interoperculum.

III.—Some Records of Collembola new to England, with

Description of a new Species of Oncopodura. By Joun W.

SHOEBOTHAM, N.D.A.

(From the Cooper Laboratory for Economic Research, Watford, Herts.)

[Plate III.]

DurinG the last two and a half years the author has made

collections of Coliembola from several districts in England,

but chiefly from the counties of Hertfordshire, Buckingham-

shire, and Staffordshire. A list of the Hertfordshire

Collembola was published last year ft, since when additional

forms have been found. Several species have been found

which prove to be new to the Knglish fauna, including a

hitherto undescribed form. ‘These records, with references to

the original descriptions of the species, are given in the

following paper.

Order COLLEMBOLA, Lubb.

Suborder ARTHROPLEONA, Born.

Family Achorutide, Born.

Subfamily Acuzorvrivz, Born.

Genus Acnorures, Templ., Lubb.

1. Achorutes serratus, Agr.

Achorutes serratus, Agren, (1904) pp. 5, 6, pl. i. figs. 5-7.

Loc. Staffordshire. \

Identification confirmed by Dr. Agren.

* Hemimyzon, gen. nov., type Homaloptera formosanum, Bouleng.,

pelvic fins 15- or 16-rayed, with extended bases convergent posteriorly,

approximating to the Gastromyzon structure.

+ Collinge, W. E., and Shoebotham, J. W., “The Apterygota of

Hertfordshire,” Journ. Econ. Biol. vol. vy. pt. 3, pp. 95-182, figs. 1-15

(1910).

"ec

Collembola new to England, 33

2. Achorutes schdfferi, Carl *.

Achorutes affinis, Schiiffer, (1900) p. 250.

Achorutes schifferi, Carl, (1901) p. 253.

Loe. Hertfordshire.

Genus WILLEMIA, Born.

Willemia, Borner, (1901 b), pp. 428, 429.

3. Willemia anophthalma, Born.

Willemia anophthalma, Borner, (1901 6) pp. 429, 480, figs. 6-8.

Loe. Buckinghamshire.

Subfamily Ovycuivrrz, Born.

Genus Onycuiurus, Gerv., Born.

4. Onychiurus affinis, Agr.

Onychiurus affinis, Agren, (1905) p. 128.

Loe. Buckinghamshire.

5. Onychiurus furciferus (Birn.).

Aphorura furcifera, Borner, (1901 a) pp. 3, 4.

Loc. Buckinghamshire and Staffordshire.

Subfamily Neaworrw, Born.

Genus PseupAcHorutrs, Tullb.

6. Pseudachorutes corticicolus (Schiff.).

Schottella corticicola, Schiffer, (1896) p. 176, figs. 34, 62.

Loc. Staffordshire.

Genus Micranuripa, Born.

Micranurida, Borner, (1901 c) p. 702.

7. Micranurida pygmea, Born.

Micranurida pygmea, Borner, (1901 c) pp. 702, 703, figs. 6, 7.

Loc. Buckinghamshire.

* The specific name affinis had been previously used by Lucas for a

species of Achorutes from Algeria.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8, Vol. viii. 3

34 Mr. J. W. Shoebotham on some

Family Entomobryide, D. T.

Subfamily Eyrouoseriws, Schiff., Born.

Genus Isoroma, Bourl., Born.

8. Isotoma violacea, Tullb.

Tsotoma violacea, Tullberg, (1876) p. 36.

Loc. Buckinghamshire.

Genus Proisoroma, Born.

9. Protsotoma minima (Absln.).

Isotoma minima, Absolon, (1901) pp. 82, 33.

Loc. Buckinghamshire.

Genus Isoromopes, (Axelson-) Linnaniemi *.

Isotomodes, (Axelson-) Linnaniemi, (1907) p. 129. (Name only, not

described.) 5

10. Lsotomodes productus (Axels.).

Tsotoma elongata, Axelson, (1903) p. 6.

Isotoma productat, Axelson, (1906).

Loc. Staffordshire.

Subfamily Oxcoropvrrv2, Carl und Lebed.

Oncopodurine, Carl und Lebedinsky, (1905) p. 565.

Genus OncopopuRA, Carl und Lebed.

Oncopodura, Carl und Lebedinsky, (1905) p. 564.

: ; A, tt

The following generic description is mainly after Carl and

Lebedinsky, with a few modifications :—

Antenne short, 4-segmented, the last segment with sense-

bristles. Ant. ili. and iv. not ringed. Postantennal organ

externally present or absent. Eyes absent. Prothorax rudi-

mentary, not seen from above. Mesothorax large, not pro-

duced over the head, rounded in front. Abdomen iii. and iv.

subequal. Furcula strongly developed. Dentes 1-segmented,

* Axelson, in 1906, assumed the name Linnaniemi, but, to avoid con-

fusion between his earlier and more recent publications, he suggests that

both names should appear in reference to his works published since 1906

+ The specific name elongata having been used by MacGillivray (1896)

Axelson renamed the species producta in 1906. ~ ;

Collembola new to England. 35

not ringed, with chitin hooks, ventrally with scales. Mucro

very long, similar to that of the Tomocerine, but without

basal teeth. Upper claw simple. A clavate hair present on

the tibio-tarsus of the second pair of legs, situated about the

middle of its length, absent on legs i. and iii. Seales present.

The genus Oncopodura was erected in 1905 for a species

(O. hamata) found in the Sundurlu Cave in the Crimea, in

Southern Russia. It was placed in a separate subfamily

(Oncopodurine), and this arrangement was used in the syste-

matic works of Wahlgren (1906) and Borner (1906). Ex-ept

for the original paper, the author has not seen any other

records of Oncopodura, and Dr, Carl informed him (in Lit.

Nov. 1910) that he did not know of any other published

records.

11. Oncopodura crassicornis, sp. n. (PI. LIL.)

Antenne short and thick, 4-jointed, slightly shorter than

the head-diagonal (as 55:62). Ant. i.:ii.:iil.:iv.=8:11:

15:21. All segments covered with short hairs. Ant. iv.

with four smelling-hairs placed in a row, without retractile

sense-knob. Ant. il. and iv. not ringed; ii. with one

smelling-hair at the distal end; 1. broader than long. An-

tennal organ iil. made up of two stout sense-staffs.

Kyes absent. Postantennal organ present, difficult to see,

made up of six smooth somewhat triangular tubercles arranged

In a ring (as in Anurida maritima), situated lateral and

slightly posterior to the base of the antenna.

Thorax i. small, not seen from above. Thorax 11. well

developed, rounded in front, but not produced over the head,

with a fine sensory hair on each side, over the base of legs ii.

(Such hairs are apparently absent from the abdomen.)

Tibio-tarsus of leg i. with an outstanding clavate hair,

situated about the middle of its length, expanded spoon-like

at its end. Legs i. and iii. without this hair.

Claw short, without inner or lateral teeth or pseudonychia.

Empodial appendage lanceolate, without teeth, more than

halt as long as the claw-diagonal (as 5:9). Preetarsal nairs

long, only slightly shorter than the empodial appendage.

Abdomen iil. slightly longer than iv. Ventral tube short,

not clavate. A ventral abdominal groove is present for the

reception of the furcula. ‘l'enaculum with four retaining

teeth.

Furcula long. Manubrium ventrally with scales, dorsally

with some simple and feathery hairs. Manubrium: dens:

mucro=88 : 24: 23 (measured ventrally).

36 Mr. J. W. Shoebotham on some

Dens 1-segmented, thick at the base, but suddenly dimin-

ished in size at about ? from the proximal end, with several

chitin hooks and spines, as follows :—two large hooks at the

distal end, inner and outer, both of which overreach the base

of the mucro; three smaller, less curved hooks, situated about

equal distances apart, on the inner side; one straight spine

ou the outer side 2 from the proximal end. Dens ventrally

with numerous scales, dorsally with several long feathery

hairs. A feathery hair of uniform thickness arises at the

base on a small tubercle, and a simple short hair is present

on the outer side towards the distal end.

Mucro long and slender, with four teeth—apical, ante-

apical, and two dorsal. ‘The relative distances of the teeth

from the base are as follows :—17 : 26:35:39. The proximal

dorsal tooth is stout, blunt, and directed towards the proximal

end. The mucro is provided with a thin transparent lamella *

or ‘mucronal sheath”? which almost encloses it from the

base to the second tooth, and a narrow pointed lamella is

continued from the outer side beyond the apex of the mucro.

Body-form short and broad. The relative lengths of the

body-segments as follows :—

; Th. Abd.

Head- —~ + - X —~

Ant. diag. ii. lll. rt ips ve v vi

ile i , i.

Dp G2 46°33 24: 28 ~ 34°° 130 1 oa

Hair-covering short and scanty, but the head and body are

thickly covered with broad rounded scales.

Colour white.

Length -6 mm.

Loc. Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire ; under stones.

Habits. ‘This species was found under stones amongst

decaying leaves in a garden at the end of October 1910, and

under stones embedded in soil at a place about } mile from

the first locality in November and December. A single

specimen was obtained at the end of February 1911.

They were only found when the ground was moist, and.

were not very active unless the light was strong, but when

the sun was shining on them they quickly jumped away.

Specimens were taken in December immediately after a sharp

frost.

* These lamelle are not firmly attached to the mucro proper, as in

some of the mucrones they had become detached.

Collembola new to England. a7

The two species of Oncopodura may be distinguished by

the following characters :—

O. hamata, Car] and Lebed.*

Antenne slender, segments as

1:2:32:4.

Postantennal organ absent (at

any rate externally).

Claw with lateral lamella.

Proximal tooth of the mucro

slender, pointed, directed towards

the distal end.

Manubrium : dens : mucro = 26:

laed4;

Abdomen iy. a little longer than

iil.

Relative lengths of teeth on

mucro from base=17 : 34:45: 47.

Colour yellowish white.

Length 16-18 mm.

O. crassicornis, sp. D.

Antenne

8:11:15:21.

Postantennal organ present, of

six tubercles.

Claw without lateral lamella.

Proximal tooth of the mucro

stout, blunt, directed towards the

proximal end.

Manubrium : dens: mucro = 388:

24. : 23.

Abdomen iv. a little shorter than

iii.

Relative lengths of teeth on

mucro from base=17 : 26:35: 39.

Colour white.

Length ‘6 mm.

thick, segments as

Suborder SYMPHYPLEONA, Born.

Family Neelide, Fols.

Genus NEeEuus, Fols.

12. Neelus minutus, Fols.

Neelus minutus, Folsom, (1901) pp. 221, 222, pl. i1. figs. 3-11.

Loe. Hertfordshire.

Family Sminthuride, Lubb.

Subfamily Survruvrivx, Born.

Genus SPHYROTHECA, Born.

Sphyrotheca, Borner, (1906) p. 188.

13. Sphyrotheca lubbocki (‘Tullb.).

Sminthurus lubbocki, Tullberg, (1872) p. 33.

Loc. Staffordshire.

Except for S. lubbock?, all the species here recorded are

new to the British Isles.

A. single example of S. lubbocki

was recorded by Bagnall (1909) from the Kyles of Bute,

Scotland.

# The characters here specified are taken from the description and

figures given by Carl and Lebedinsky (1905).

58 On some Collembola new to England.

References.

ABsoLon, K. (1901.) ‘ Zwei neue Collembolenformen aus den Hoblen

des mahrischen Karstes.” Zoo]. Anz. xxiy. no. 634, pp. 32, 33,

4 figs,

AGREN, H. (1903.) ‘Diagnosen einiger neuen Achorutiden aus

Schweden (Vorliiufige Mittheilung).” Entom. Tidskr. xxiv.

Haft 2, pp. 126-128.

—. (1904.) “‘Lapplindische Collembola.” Arkiv fér Zool. ii. no. 1,

pp: 1-80, pls. 1., ii.

AxrEison, W. M. (1903.) ‘“ Weitere diagnosen iiber neue Co lembolen-

formen aus Finland.” Acta Soc. p. Fauna et Flora Fenn. xxv.

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—. (1906.) ‘Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Collembolenfauna in der

Umgebung Revals.” Acta Soc. p. Fauna et Flora Fenn. xxviii.

no. 2, pp. 1-22, 1 pl.

BaGnNatt, Rh. Ki (1909.) “Short Notes on some New and Rare British

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rint paged 2-16.

Borner, ©. (1901a.) “ Vorliufige Mittheilung tiber einige neue Apho-

rurinen und zur Systematik der Collembola.” Zool. Anz. xxiv.

no, 633, pp. 1-15.

—. (19010.) ‘Uber ein neues Achorutidengenus Willemia, sowie

4 weitere neue Collembolenformen derselben Familie.” Zool. Anz.

xxiv. no. 648, pp. 422-433, figs. 1-9.

—. (1901 c.) “Neue Collembolenformen und zur Nomenclatur der

Collembola, Lubb.” Zool. Anz. xxiv. no. 657/658, pp. 696-712,

figs. 1-10.

—. (1906.) “Das System der Collembolen nebst Beschreibung neuer

Collembolen des Hamburger Naturhistorischen Museums.” Mitth.

aus dem Naturhist. Museum, Hamburg, xxiii. pp. 147-188, figs. a—-e.

Cart, J. (1901.) ‘“ Zweiter Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Collembola-

fauna der Schweiz.” Revue suisse de Zool. ix. fase. 2, pp. 243-

278, pl. xv.

——, und Leprpinsry, J. (1905.) “ Materialien zur Héhlenfauna der

Krim —I, Aufsatz. Ein neuer Typus von Hohlenapterygoten.”

Zool. Anz. xxviii. no. 16/17, pp. 562-565, figs. 1-6.

Forsom, J. W. (1901.) “ Review of the Collembolan Genus Neeius

and Description of N. minutus, n. sp.” Psyche, ix. pp. 219-222,

Lai.

Raeaartey, A.D. (1896.) “The American Species of Zsotuma.”

Canad. Ent. xxviii. no. 2, pp. 47-58.

Linnanremi, W. M. (Axetson). (1907.) ‘Die Apterygotenfauna

Finlands.—I. Allgemeiner Teil.” Akademische Abhandlung,

Helsingfors, pp. 1-134+-i-xii, with map. ;

Scudrrrr,C. (1896.) “ Die Collembola der Umgebung von Hamburg

und benachbarter Gebiete.” Mitth. aus dem Naturhist. Museum,

Hamburg, xiii. pp. 149-216, pls. i—iv.

——. (1900.) ‘‘Ueber wiirrtembergische Collembola.” Jahresh. d.

Ver. f. Vater]. Naturk. in Wiirrtemberg, lvi. pp. 245-280, pl. vi.

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Akad. Handl. x. no. 10, pp. 1-70, pls. i.—xii.

—. (1876.) “Collembola borealia—Nordiska Collembola.” Ofyvers.

Dr. M. Burr—WNotes on the Forficularia. 39

Kongl. Vet.-Akad. Forhandl. Arg. 33, no. 5, pp. 28-42, pls. vili—

WautaGren, FE. (1906.) ‘Apterygoten aus Agypten und dem Sadan

nebst Bemerkungen zur Verbreitung und Systematik der Collem-

bolen.’ Results of the Swedish Zoological Expedition to Egypt

and the White Nile, 1901, under the direction of L. A. Jiagers-

kidld, no. 15, pp. 1-72, figs. 1-52.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE II.

All the illustrations are of Oncopodwra crassicornis, sp. n.

Fig. 1. Outline, from the side.

Fig. 2. Right antenna from above, showing also postantennal organ from

the side.

Fig. 3. Three terminal joints of the antenna, showing sense-organs.

Fig. 4. Left postantennal organ and base of antenna.

Fig. 5. Mesothorax from the side, showing fine sensory hair.

Fig. 6. Manubrium and dentes from the side. (Nearly all the feathery

hairs had been denuded from the dentes.)

Fig. 7. Mucro, with lamelle, from the side.

Fig. 8. Tibio-tarsus and foot of second leg, showing clavate hair.

Fig. 9. Outline of scale.

IV.—Notes on the Forficulariaa—XVIII. More new Species.

By Matcotm Burr, D.Sc., F.E.S., F.Z.8., F.G.S.

Diplatys riggenbacht, sp. n.

6. Vertex tumidus; occiput depressum, carinulis acutis; pro-

notum ¢ Q breve, pentagonale, postice subangustatum ; elytra

aleque perfecta; segmentum ultimum dorsale ¢ inflatum;

segmentum penultimum ventrale g basi latum, apicem versus

angustatum, apice truncatum ; forcipis bracchia ¢ basi dilatata

ac deplanata, tum attenuata, fortiter arcuata.

ae or

Long. corporis ...... 13 mm. 10°5-12°5 mm.

MA Greipis...)3 5... ree 2 As

Size relatively large ; general colour rust-red.

Antenne fulvous, with about 22 segments, third not very

long, fourth and fifth quite short, rest slowly lengthening ;

cylindrical.

Head broad and depressed; sutures distinct; in the 3

vertex tumid, occiput depressed, postocular keels sharp ; ia

the @ vertex and occiput similar, postocular keels shorter ;

eyes prominent.

40 Dr. M. Burr—WNotes on the Forficularia.

Pronotum ¢ ? small, subpentagonal, gently narrowed

posteriorly ; prozona ample, tumid; metazona narrow, de-

pressed ; orange-red.

Elytra ample, pubescent ; dull black, with a long discoidal

fulvous spot in anterior portion.

Wing-scales hairy, long, brown or blackish.

Legs fulvous.

Abdomen red-brown, pubescent.

Last dorsal segment ¢ inflated, broader than preceding,

subquadrate, smooth, pubescent, with a median suture ; with

a pair of short, diverging, folded crests running over the

insertion of the forceps, terminating in a convexity of the

posterior margin, which is gently concave between these

points. In @ simple, narrower, posterior margin gently

produced over insertion of the forceps.

Penultimate ventral segment g@ broad at the base and

strongly narrowed apically, truncate at the apex itself; in the

? narrow, rounded at the apex.

Forceps with the branches in the ¢ strongly depressed

and dilated in the basal third, this dilated portion denticulate

on its margin and ending abruptly in a blunt tooth; beyond

this point attenuate and strongly bowed ; the points meeting :

in the 2 simple, contiguous, almost straight, hooked at the

apex.

West Africa: Cameroon, Garna, 12-19. iv. 09,2 g,5 2

(Riggenbach, 8. G.; in Mus. Berlin).

Type in Berlin Museum.

This species somewhat resembles D. macrocephilus, D.

gladiator, and D. falcatus. It differs in the characteristic

form of the penultimate ventral segment of the male, also in

the keels on the last dorsal segment, and the form of the

forceps, though similar, is not quite the same.

Anisolabis owenii, sp. n.

Atra, pedibus fulvis; statura mediocri, sat gracili; corpus dense

punctulatum ; abdomen segmentis lateribus 6-9 acutis, paullo

rugulosis, 6-8 carinulatis; segmentum ultimum dorsale ¢

magnum, utrinque tumido-inflatum; segmentum penultimum

ventrale ¢ obtusangulum; forcipis bracchia ¢ subcontigua,

apice arcuata.

Long. corporis ........ We

i ROPOUNS So ws he 3

Build not very robust ; size medium; colour black.

Dr. M. Burr— Notes on the Forficularia. Al

Antennz with 17 segments, 1-2 orange, the rest grey-

brown ; third rather short, fourth and fifth subglobular, the

rest lengthening, subcylindrical.

Head tumid, black, feebly punctulate ; eyes prominent.

Pronotum black, anterior margin and sides straight, poste-

rior margin very gently convex; median suture distinct,

feebly punctulate.

Meso- and metanotum black, more densely punctulate.

Sternum typical, orange.

Legs orange ; tarsi long, first and third segments about

equal.

Abdomen black, densely and rather coarsely punctulate ;

sides of sixti to ninth segments acute and rugulose, sixth to

eighth carinulate.

Last dorsal segment ¢ ample, smooth, with distinct median

suture, truncate posteriorly, inflated at each side above into

an incipient blunt tubercle or crest.

Penultimate ventral segment broad, obtusangular, the apex

sharply pointed.

Pygidium narrow.

Forceps with the branches subcontiguous, stout, trigonal at

the base, straight in basal half, apically attenuate and in-

curved, feebly asymmetrical.

West Africa: Liberia (S. G. Owen, 1 g, inc. m.).

This species is only known from the unique type in my

collection, taken by Mr. 8S. G. Owen, A.R.S.M., in Liberia.

It is well characterized by the shape of the penultimate

ventral segment. It resembles A. injeliz, Burr, but differs

among other points in the less strongly pitted abdomen and

feebly punctulate thorax and head.

It also resembles A. turgida.

It differs from A. rufescens, Kirby, in the feebly punctulate

and black head and thorax and angular penultimate ventral

segment.

Anisolabis turgida, sp. n.

Rufo-castanea et nigra; caput et thorax levia; abdomen minute

punctulatum; ¢ segmentis 5-9 lateribus acutis, rugulosis, obso-

lete carinulatis ; segmentum ultimum dorsale ¢ magnum, sub-

leeve, superne utrinque crista tumida instructum ; forcipis bracchia

¢ remota, arcuata.

3. 2

Long. corporis ...... 15 mm. 14 mm.

Been SEOLCI PIS 2.0.3, = 3. 2° 5 Ze a

Build stout; size medium; general colour dark reddish

chestnut to black.

42 Dr. M. Burr—wNotes on the Forficularia.

Antenne with 15 segments, uniform yellowish brown,

rather long and rather thick.

Head deep red, smooth, sutures not very distinct.

Pronotum a little longer than broad, very slightly convex

anteriorly and posteriorly, sides straight; almost parallel,

very slightly diverging posteriorly; smooth, dark reddish

brown, median suture distinct.

Meso- and metanota and first three abdominal segments

smooth, black.

Sternal plates yellowish, typical.

Legs yellow; tarsi long, first and third segments about

equal.

Abdomen feebly dilated, black, very finely punctulate ;

sides of fifth to ninth segments in the ¢ acute (fifth rather

feebly so), rugulose, and feebly carinulate.

Last dorsal segment g¢ ample, jet-black, nearly smooth,

with distinct median suture; transverse, rectangular, nar-

rower than the preceding ; on each side above there is a low,

rather tumid, compressed crest, running into the elevation

over the insertion of the forceps; in the 2 narrower, sloping,

with no crest.

Penultimate ventral segment g broadly rounded, punctu-

late.

Forceps with the branches in the ¢ remote, stout, trigonal

at base, attenuate, cylindrical, and arcuate in apical half;

inner margin finely denticulate: in 2 contiguous, straight.

West Africa: Cameroon (1 2 ,c¢. m.) ; Gendero, 2nd March,

1909 (Riggenbach, 8S. G., 1 g, type, in Mus. Berlin).

This species is distinguished by the nearly smooth body,

with fine and weak punctulation, and by the crests of the

last dorsal segment of the male.

Anisolabis vicina, sp. n.

A, kristenseni vicina; differt statura minore, debiliori, pronoto

rufo, abdomine rufescenti, forcipe ¢ minus abrupte arcuato,

margine interno toto crenulato, abdomine dorso punctulato,

forcipis bracchiis 2 contiguis, rectis.

d. Q.

Long. corporis .... 18°5-19°5 mm. 15 -17 mm.

SE OLCADIA’ 5:6 a4 1D ta. 255 ee

Size medium ; general colour deep reddish black ; heal

and thorax yellowish.

Antenne yellowish brown to blackish, basal segments often

paler; third segment rather short.

Dr. M. Burr— Notes on the Forficularia. 43

Head smooth, sutures distinct, deep red, shaded with

black.

Pronotum smooth, bright orange-yellow anteriorly, nearly

black posteriorly ; slightly broader than long, and slightly

widened posteriorly, all sides straight.

Meso- and metanota smooth, black.

Sternum orange-yellow, the plates as in A. kristensent.

Legs orange-yellow.

Abdomen moderately dilated, almost black, but with a

distinct red tinge ; sides of fifth to ninth segments in ¢ acute

and rugulose.

Last dorsal segment ¢ transverse, rectangular, nearly

smooth, with a median depression.

Penultimate ventral segment ¢ broadly rounded, the apex

truncate ; in 2? obtusangular.

Parameres narrow.

Forceps with the branches in the @ remote, stout, tri-

gonal in basal half, gradually attenuate apically, asymmetri-

cally but gradually arcuate, the inner margin finely denticu-

Jate ; in the 2? contiguous, straight, denticulate on the inner

margin.

Abyssinia: Harrarand River Errer, 9 g, 6 2 (Staudinger

and Kristensen, c. m. and Coll. Petersen); Gara Mulata,

1 g,1 2 (Lrlanger and Neumann, in Mus. Berlin).

This species is closely related to A. felix and A. kristen-

seni; from the former it differs in the absence of the rectan-

gular dilatation of the right branch of the forceps in the male

and also in the yellow pronotum.

From A. kristenseni it differs in its smaller size, weaker

build, and in coloration ; in that species the abdomen is jet-

black above, in this it is a very deep red-black, the red tinge

being quite distinct; the head usually has an indistinct black

patch above, and the pronotum is clear orange-yellow in the.

anterior portion.

The sculpture of the abdomen is different, being a fine

punctulation in this species. The forceps are much less

abruptly attenuate and more regularly arcuate ; in the female

the branches are contiguous and straight.

It answers well to the description of Gelotolabis burr,

Zacher, from north-eastern Africa, but the apical segment of

the parameres is much narrower and less pointed apically

than appears to be the case in that species, judging from

Zacher’s figure.

4d Dr. M. Burr —Notes on the Forficularia.

Anisolabis ethiopica, sp. n.

Statura magna; colore atro, femoribus fulvis, nigro-geniculatis,

tibiis fuscis ; abdomen segmentis 5-9 acutis, rugulosis ; forcipis

bracchia ¢ prope basin sat dilatata, fortiter arcuata, asym-

metrica ; parameres breves, dilatati.

oe ae

Long. corporis.... 235-26 mm. 20 —26°5 mm.

» foreipis .... 45-9 3, 4-5-6 _

Size large and build powerful; general colour jet-black,

the femora orange.

Antenne yellowish-brown ; third segment relatively very

long,

Head black, smooth, sutures distinct.

Pronotum nearly square, but wider than long and gently

broadened posteriorly, all black, smooth.

Sternal plates black ; prosternum constricted.

Legs sometimes all black, sometimes femora orange-yellow

tipped with black ; tibiz and tarsi dark, blackish brown.

Abdomen moderately dilated, jet-black, very finely and

densely punctulate ; sides of fifth to ninth segments in g

acute and rugulose.

Last dorsal segment ¢ 9 nearly square and nearly smooth.

Penultimate ventral segment ¢ obtusely rounded, apically

truncate ; in ¢ rather acutely rounded.

Parameres short and dilated, outer margin sinuous and

sharply pointed at the apex.

Forceps with the branches g remote, stout, and trigonal,

with an almost rectangular dilation on inner margin, abruptly

attenuate and abruptly and asymmetrically bowed, unarmed ;

in the ? contiguous, straight at first, in apical half gently

and asymmetrically sinuous, inner margin denticulate.

Abyssinia: Jakka and Kuhne, 8 g, 12 9 (Aristensen,

coll. Petersen and c. m.).

This species closely resembles some forms of A. maurt-

tanica, Luc., but differs in the basal dilation of the forceps of

the male, thus approaching A. maritima, which has not

bicolorous legs.

The colour is a much deeper black than in A. mauritanica,

with no trace of red tint, the pronotum less decidedly trans-

verse, the pitting of the abdomen denser and stronger.

From A. maritima it also differs in the finer pitting,

more acute and rugulose sides of the abdomen in the g, and

more decidedly truncate pronotum.

It differs markedly from both in the short dilated apical

Dr. M. Burr—wNotes on the Forficularia. 45

segments of the parameres, which agree with the description

and figures of the parameres of Gelotolabis burri of Zacher ;

the descriptions do not agree, so this species is distinct from

G. burri; but if the genus (elotolabis is to stand, this species

will probably fall into it.

Anisolabis kristensen?, sp. n.

Statura sat magna; corpus atrum, capite pedibusque rufo-fulvis ;

pronotum sublatius quam longius; abdomen ¢ sat dilatatum,

segmentis 5-9 lateribus acutis et rugulosis ; segmentum penulti-

mum yentrale ¢ late rotundatum, apice truncatum ; parameres

angusti, Janceolati; forcipis bracchia ¢ basi remota, triquetra,

asymmetrica, haud dentata.

. 3S. Q.

Hong. corporis.......... 21-23 mm. 20-23°5 mm.

We PMOECIPIS 9... + Rs 3) s

Size rather large and build powerful.

General colour jet-black, the head deep orange-red and

legs orange.

Antenne grey-brown, basal two segments yellowish.

Head smooth, tumid, deep orange-red, sutures distinct ;

eyes small.

Pronotum nearly square, but slightly wider than long, all

sides straight; slightly wider posteriorly than anteriorly ;

smooth.

Meso- and metanotum smooth.

Sternum dirty yellow ; prosternum almost parallel-sided ;

mesosternum rounded ; metasternum truncate.

Legs orange-yellow ; tarsi long, first segments, with bristles

and pubescence, as long as second and third united.

Abdomen moderately dilated before the apex in’ both

sexes ; jet-black, the upper surface finely rugulose ; in the g

the sides of sepments 5 to 9 are acute and rugulose.

Last dorsal segment ¢@ transverse, rectangular, nearly

smooth ; in @ slightly narrowed.

Penultimate ventral segment ¢@ broadly rounded, the apex

truncate; in 9 obtusangular.

Apical segment of parameres narrow, almost lanceolate,

nearly four times as long as broad.

Pygidium ¢ 2 with a depression, but no tubercles,

Forceps with the branches ¢ remote, stout, trigonal in

basal half, abruptly attenuate in the apical half, "strong gly and

asymmetrically bowed, with no teeth, but nearly obsolete

denticulation on inner margin; in the @ feebly bowed,

46 Dr. M. Burr—WNotes on the Forficularia.

rather remote at the base, more gradually attenuate, the inner

margin crenate, with one rather strong tooth.

Abyssinia: Jakka, 2200 m., and Kunhe, in the mountains,

on the road from Harrar to Adis-Abba (11 ¢, 6 92, Kristen-

sen, C. m.).

This is a distinct and handsome species ; it rather resembles

A, felix, Burr, but differs in the absence of the rectangular

dilation of the forceps.

Spongovosiox schldferi, sp. n.

S. quadrimaculato vicinus ; ab eo differt tantum ; pygidio d promi-

nenti, latum, utrinque dilatatum, medio in lobulum longum

lingueformem producto.

TOME, \CONPOTIS | sian 's ome 10. mm.

Pe, PLO CUIIS fs. «Gece whe of 5 ue

In coloration, build, and structure generally exactly re-

sembles S. quadrimaculatus, but the pygidium of the male is

totally different, prominent, broad, dilated on both sides, the

dilation ending on each side in an acute point, directed poste-

riorly, the middle portion being produced into a long, parallel-

sided, tongue-shaped lobe, rounded apically.

Kamerun, Lis (Schlafer, type in Berlin Museum).

Spongovostox spatulus, sp. n.

S. quadrimaculato vicinus ; differt pygidio dilatato, lateribus apice-

que acuminatis.

3 Q.

Long. corporis......- 8-9°5 mm.

SF EORGIDIS 5, 5 4. cis: v4 4,

Allied to S. quadrimaculatus, but the pygidium is different ;

it is diamond-shaped—that is, dilated about the middle, with

angular sides, and acute at the apex; the penultimate ean

segment of the ¢ is broadly rounded and gently sinuate in

the middle of the posterior margin ; branches of the forceps

straight, with a triangular fa inaon near the base to the

inner margin, with a few nearly obsolete teeth.

British Kast Africa: Kibwezi, 1.1. 08, 1 ¢ (Scheffler).

(Jerman East Africa, 2 ¢, 1 9 (Conradt). (Type in

Berlin Museum.)

Spongovostow conradti, sp. n

Statura robustiori; elytra immaculata; pygidium breve, latum,

basi parallelum, apicem versus angustatum, apice ipso bifido ;

Dr. M. Burr— Notes on the Forficularia. 47

forcipis bracchia g remota, valida, basi subdilatata, apice ipso

mucronata.

3. Q.

Long. corporis...... 75 mm. 6°5 mm.

ly MOLAUINID Ge, ain ciety, Lid, 39 i ae

Build rather stout ; general colour pale brown.

Antenne with 14 segments, yellowish brown, the ante-

apical segments paler.

Head brown, smooth, broad, sutures obsolete.

Pronotum brown, the sides and metazona much paler,

broadened posteriorly, sides straight, ninder angles rounded,

Elytra ample, smooth, dull brown.

Wings prominent, very pale yellow, with a large brown

spot.

Femora brown ; tibia and tarsi pale yellowish.

Abdomen brown, rather broad, parallel-sided in the ¢,

narrowed apically in the 2.

Last dorsal segment ¢ rectangular, transverse; in the 9

narrowed.

Penultimate ventral segment ¢ broadly rounded, sinuate

in middie of posterior margin.

Pygidium ¢ short, broad, parallel-sided in basal half, then

narrowed, the apex bifid, with short sharp lobes; in the 9

short, parallel-sided, apically truncate.

Forceps with the branches in the g remote, rather stout,

depressed, subdilated in basal half, the portion ending in a

minute sharp tooth ; somewhat constricted beyond this, and

then subdilated again to the apex, which is abruptly attenuate

and sharply hooked: in the ? simple.

Togo: Bismarkburg, 11. vi.-18. x. 93, g and 2 (Conradt,

in Mus. Berlin).

This species in size, build, and coloration approaches

S. assiniensis; it differs in the form of the pygidium and

torceps of the male.

Spongovostox kristensent, sp. n.

Statura mediocri vel minore ; colore fusco-castaneo, fulvo-variegato ;

pronotum latius quam longius; elytra fusca, fulvo-maculata ;

ale nigree, vel long, vel abbreviate ; segmentum ultimum dorsale

3 transversum, utrinque tumidum; pygidium ¢ brevissimum ;

latum, margine postico sinuato; forcipis bracchia ¢ valde

remota, basi ipso triquetra, valida, et dilatata, abrupte attenuata

ac deorsum curvata, dehine attenuata, arcuata, ante apicem dente

parve armata.

ron Or.

Long. corporis...... 8 mm. 6-5-7 mm.

BP PLOLCLPISe s,s oss 3-3°79 ,, MA

48 Dr. M. Burr— Notes on the Forficularia.

Size small; general colour dark chestnut, varied with

fulvous; shining; not very pubescent.

Antennz greyish brown, with 14-15 segments, cylindrical,

fourth a little shorter than the third.

Head broad, smooth, sutures obsolete, tumid, dark chestnut-

brown.

Pronotum a little broader than long, very slightly broader

posteriorly than anteriorly, alike in macropterous and brachy-

pterous forms, deep chestnut-brown, paler at the sides, which

are gently convex, as also the anterior margin ; posterior

margin truncate.

Elytra ample, smooth, dark chestnut-brown, with a promi-

nent orange spot in the anterior portion, which sometimes

occupies the whole of the disc and is sometimes nearly

obsolete.

Wings black, sometimes well developed, sometimes abbre-

viated.

Legs yellow.

Abdomen rather broad, subparallel-sided, deep red, very

finely punctulate, almost smooth.

Last dorsal segment ¢ transverse, smooth, truncate poste-

riorly, feebly depressed in the middle ; inflated at each angle

to a tubercle, which is sometimes merely tumid, sometimes

developed into a mammeeform tubercle: in the 9 simple.

Penultimate ventral segment ¢ ¢ ample, broad, very

gently rounded posteriorly.

Pygidium ¢ very short, not protruding, broad, posterior

margin sinuate; @ hidden.

Branches of the forceps remote; strong, trigonal, and

dilated at the base itself, then abruptly attenuate, bent down-

wards, somewhat bowed, and arcuate, to meet at a small

nearly obsolete tooth just before the apex: in 2 simple,

contiguous.

Western Abyssinia: Kuhne, in the mountains, on the road

from Harrar to Adis Abba, many specimens (G. Avistensen).

This species is closely allied to the West-African S. tuber-

culata, Borelli, and &. rubra, Borelli; the coloration is

different, and the forceps, though of the same general type,

are different in detail. In these species the last dorsal

segment is furnished at each angle with a very prominent,

sharp, stout, conical tubercle, quite different from the some-

times mammeform tumid elevation of S. kristensent?.

Mr. Kristensen sent me a good number of specimens ; the

commonest form is brachypterous, with the elytra almost

entirely orange-yellow on the disc ; a few males are macro-

pterous, and they have the yellow spot much feebler, smaller,

Dr. M. Burr— Notes on the Forficularia. 49

and darker. In the females the two forms occur in about

equal numbers.

The brachypterous and macropterous forms are, at first

glance, very different in appearance, but I am convinced that

it is merely a case of dimorphism, such as is common in

earwigs.

Labia owentt, sp. n.

Parva, colore atro, forcipe alisque aurantiacis; corpus pilosum ;

pygidium ¢ prominens, fere parallelum, apice bispinuloso; for-

cipis bracchia ¢ arcuata.

Long. corporis...... 50-6 mm. 6 mm,

Sy TOXGIPIS. <5 -.. ..- er — es Ea.

Small; densely clothed with bristles; general colour jet-

black, the wings and forceps deep orange.

Antenne with 13-14 segments ; fourth about half as long

as third, fifth nearly equal to third; all cylindrical ; 1-2

black, 3, 7, 8 orange, the rest blackish.

Head smooth, tumid, sutures obsolete, broad, jet-black.

Pronotum jet-black, transverse, all sides very gently con-

vex, angles rounded; prozona feebly tumid; covered with

close, short, yellow pubescence.

Elytra broad, jet-black, densely clothed with black bristles

and golden pubescence.

Wings with golden pubescence, deep orange-red, with

black sutural band.

Femora and tibie black, the former rather thick; tarsi

yellowish.

Abdomen broad, jet-black, with golden pubescence.

Last dorsal segment smooth; transverse in ¢, narrowed

in 2.

Penultimate ventral segment ¢ broad, posterior margin

roundly emarginate on each side, with a rounded median

lobe; in 2 rounded.

Pygidium ¢ prominent, depressed, nearly parallel-sided,

gently narrowed apically, the apex itself roundly concave,

with a sharp spine on each side; in the 9 almost conical,

strongly narrowed, with two minute spinules at the apex.

Forceps with the branches in g¢ deep orange, tipped

with black, gently arcuate.

West Africa: Liberia (2 3, 2, S. G. Owen, ¢, m.).

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 4

50 Dr. M. Burr— Notes on the Forficularia.

This striking little black and orange species I first con-

fused with LZ. marginalis ; but, apart from the distribution of

colours, the form of the forceps and penultimate ventral

seoment of the male are distinctive.

T have pleasure in dedicating it to my friend Mr. 8. G.

Owen, A.R.S.M., who took it in Liberia.

Platylabia styligera, sp. n.

Statura minore; caput, pronotum, elytra, ale nitida, atra; abdo-

men, pedes, forceps lete rufa; pygidium ¢ longum, valde acu-

minatum ; forcipis bracchia ¢ leviter arcuata, medio dente forti

acuto armata.

Long; corporis. ..-).-. #6 45-55 mm.

» ‘fOLcipls /.).-.heeee ys

Size small; build moderately slender.

Antenne yellowish brown, with about 10 segments, all

cylindrical, fourth about as long as the third.

Head shining black, smooth, and broad ; ; eyes small; poste-

rior margin feebly sinuate.

Pronotum shining black, slightly longer than broad, sides

parallel, truncate posteriorly ; anterior margin rather strongly

convex, ending in a small but distinct neck.

Elytra and wings well developed, smooth, shining black.

Legs orange-yellow, not very long; femora thick, tarsi

slender.

Abdomen bright orange-red, parallel, with long thin

bristles at the sides ; lateral tubercles obsolete.

Last dorsal segment ample, smooth, quadrate ; posterior

margin gently tumid over roots of forceps.

Pygidium long and narrow, thick at the base, produced to

a slender, long, sharp spine.

Forceps with the branches remote, straight at first ; elon-

gate, depressed, feebly arcuate apically, with long fine

bristles; armed in the middle of the inner margin with a

depressed, long, sharp tooth directed apically.

Annam: Phuc Son, November and December (H. Fruh-

storfer, 2 g inc. m.).

The armature of the forceps and pygidium of this little

species is very distinctive.

Type in my collection.

Dr. M. Burr— Notes on the Forficularia. 51

V.—WNotes on the Forficularia. — XIX. On little-known

Earwigs from Formosa. By Matcoum Burr, D.Sc.,

F.E.S., F.Z.S., F.G.S.

In 1905 and 1907 Professor T. Shiraki, partly in collabora-

tion with Professor S. Matsumura, published four papers on

the Dermaptera of Japan and Formosa, describing a number

of new species.

Unfortunately the work is not good, the descriptions often

insufficient, and the species with difficulty recognizable.

The four papers in question are exceedingly difficult to

obtain, and I was unable to find a copy in England. Even-

tually a copy was kindly lent me by Mr. A. P. Semenofft-

Tian-Shansky, of St. Petersburg, at whose request I reviewed

them, and critically discussed them at length in the ‘Revue

russe d’Entomologie,’ pp. 335-340 (1909), and gave my

reasons for suggesting affinities for the species described,

judging from the often very inadequate and old-fashioned

descriptions. This paper was in Russian, but a translation

in English appeared in the ‘ Entomological Record,’ 1910,

. 134.

By good fortune I have received or come across five species

from Formosa which I am able to identify with five of

Shiraki’s species, and it is gratifying to find that in every

instance the examination of the specimens confirms the

suggestions, which were only based upon the descriptions.

These five can therefore be removed from the limbo of

doubtful and unrecognizable forms, into which practically all

of Shiraki’s species had been thrown, and take their proper

place in the system.

Euborellia pallipes, Shiraki.

Shiraki describes a female under the name <Anisolabi's

pallipes (Tr. Sapporo N. H. Soe. i. p. 93, fig. 8, 1905/06).

The description does not tell us much, but the figure is

suggestive of a large L. stalz, on account of the form of the

rudimentary elytra.

In the Munich Museum there is a male from Kushaku,

Formosa, which [ refer with no hesitation to this species ; it

is a trifle larger, the length of the body being 10°5 mm. com-

pared with Shiraki’s figure of 7-1 mm. for the female.

It is very closely allied to #. stalz, Dohrn, but the build is

slenderer and the punctulation feebler ; the elytra are very

narrow at the base, whereas they are practically parallel-

sided in £, sal’, The pronotum is a little shorter and

52 Dr. M. Burr— Notes on the Forficularia.

broader, truncate posteriorly, with the hinder angles sharp,

whereas in EZ, stdli they are gently rounded off. ‘I'he forceps

are a little less remote and less curved and the last dorsal

segment a little narrower.

Anechura crinitata, Shiraki.

Apterygida crinitata, Shir. Tr. Sapporo N. H. Soe. vol. i. pt. 2, p. 11

(1905/08).

Shiraki does not figure this species, but from his description

it is evident that it is an Anechura or an Allodahlia, as I

suggested in my review.

I have received a small series from Tainan agreeing with

his description which are referable to Anechura and closely

related to A. torquata, Burr, from Tonkin, of which it may

be regarded as a local form.

It is a smaller and feebler insect, the colour is darker, and

the forceps weaker in every respect. It is very hairy. The

elytra vary from nearly black to dark chestnut, banded exter-

nally with tawny.

Shiraki refers to the basal antennal segment as “‘dreikantig.”

I think this must be a mere mistake of observation.

Forficula harbereri, n. n.

Forficula ruficeps, Shiraki, op. cit. p. 8 (1905/06) (nec Erichson, nec

Burmeister).

The description shows this to be a true Forficula, which I

suggested in my review of Shiraki’s work.

In the Munich Museum I have found a single male from

the mountains in the north of Formosa, taken by Harberer at

the end of May.

Superficially it resembles F. auricularia, and the build and

coloration are very similar; the forceps recall those ef F. re-

busta, Sem., but it cannot be confused with that powerful

species. ‘I'he dilation of the forceps extends through about

two-thirds of their length, and ends with no tooth, at a

slightly obtuse angle; the apical third is elliptically arcuate:

the forceps are much the sameas in F. imprevista, Burr (East

Africa), but much less arcuate ; they still more closely resemble

those of the more powerful /. radziankot, Sem, (East Africa)

or at least those specimens, often referred either to /. oe.

aks or £, senegalensis *, in which the dilation ends with no

tooth.

* Until the true relationship and status of the Ethiopian m

: 8 s embers

of Forficula are determined, e 7

Dr. M. Burr—WNotes on the Forficularia. 53

Timomenus aeris, Shiraki.

Apterygida aeris, Shir. op. cit. p. 9 (1905/06).

Shiraki described this species upon a single female, and

gave no figure ; I did not venture to hazard a guess as to its

position.

[ have received a small series from Tainan and Kosempo,

representing both sexes, the female of which agrees so well

with the description that I do not think there is any doubt as

to its identity.

It is an elegant and well-marked species, undoubtedly

referable to Timomenus ; the last dorsal segment of the male

is compressed laterally, and has exactly the appearance of

having been pinched together between a finger and thumb.

The basal antennal segment, especially in the male, is

swollen or inflated, much more strongly in the male than in

the female. The forceps of the male, which vary in length

from 6 to 12 mm., are contiguous and depressed at the base,

elongate, slender, and attenuate, gently arcuate in the apical

half, the slender tips overlapping in repose ; there is a short

sharp tooth in the middle.

It is closely related to T. shelfordi, Burr, from Sarawak,

agreeing almost exactly in structure, but differing entirely in

coloration.

Timomenus flavocapitatus, Shiraki.

Apterygida flavocapitata, Shir. op. cit. p. 10 (1905/06).

My suggestion that this species may be referable to Timo-

menus proves correct; I have two males, one from ‘Tainan

and one from Kosempo, which agree with the description.

It is the largest member of the genus and perhaps the most

elegant earwig known. ‘The longest pair of forceps measures

15 mm. Its nearest relative is 7. nevilli, Burr, from the

Himalayas. It resembles that species generally in build and

appearance, in the green sheen of the pronotum and

abdomen, contrasting with the dull elytra and wings, and in

the form of the forceps.

It differs in the pale yellow head, strongly contrasted with

the rest of the body, but chiefly in the form of the pronotum ;

in 7. nevilli this is rounded and a little narrowed posteriorly,

and the sides are gently rounded; in this species the sides

are quite parallel and the posterior margin is convex or

obtuse-angular.

54 On a new African Fish.

VI.— Description of a new African Fish of the Genus

Clarias from Lake Rukwa. By G. A. BOULENGER, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

LITTLE is known of the fishes of Lake Rukwa, south-east

of Lake Tanganyika. ‘Twelve species have been enumerated

by Hilgendorf and Pappenheim (Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr.

Berl. 1903, p. 259), the determinations of some of which

appear to be in need of revision. On the occasion of a recent

visit Mr. F. H. Mellard has been so good as to preserve a few

fish for the British Museum; among these I may notice

Amphilius platychir, Gthr., Clarias gariepinus, Burch., and a

new Clarias which I propose to name, in memory of the late

Prof. Franz Hilgendorf,

Clarias hilgendorfi.

Depth of body 64 times in total length, length of head 42

times. Head 1? times as long as broad, smooth ; occipital

process longer than broad, acutely pointed ; frontal fontanelle

sole-shaped, 23 times as long as broad; occipital fontanelle

narrow, elongate, partly on occipital process ; eye very small,

3 times in length of snout, 6 times in interorbital width,

which is a little less than } length of head; band of pre-

maxillary teeth not quite 4 times as long as broad ; vomerine

teeth granular, forming a curved band which is nearly as

broad as the premaxillary band ; nasal barbel 2 length of

head, maxillary 1}, outer mandibular nearly 1, inner man-

dibular 2. Gill-rakers few, 12 on first arch. Clavicles

concealed under the skin. Dorsal 73, its distance from

occipital process 3 length of head. Anal 62. Dorsal and

anal extending almost to the very root of the caudal. Pectoral

not quite } length of head, spine short, strongly serrated on

both sides. Ventrals very small, 12 times as far from caudal

as from end of snout. Caudal 3 length of head. Uniform

blackish brown ; caudal with a narrow light edge.

Total length 130 mm.

A single specimen.

Allied to Cl. leviceps, Gill. Distinguished by the granular

vomerine teeth, fewer gill-rakers, fewer dorsal and anal rays,

and a longer and narrower occipital process.

On new Tree-Frogs from Dutch New Guinea.

VIl.—Deseriptions of Three new Tree-Frogs discovered by

Mr. A. E. Pratt in Dutch New Guinea. By G. A.

Bou ence, I.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Hyla prattt,

Tongue subcireular, slightly nicked; vomerine teeth in

two small groups between the choanze. Head as broad as

long ; snout rounded, scarcely prominent, hardly as long as

orbit; canthus rostralis distinct ; loreal region oblique, con-

cave; nostril equally distant from eye and from end of snout ;

interorbital region as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum

distinet, not quite half the diameter of theeye. Outer fingers

distinctly webbed at the base, toes three-fourths webbed ;

disks as large as the tympanum; subarticular tubercles

small, feebly prominent; no tarsal fold; no outer metatarsal

tubercle. ‘The tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the tip of the

snout ; tibia a little more than half as long as head and body.

Upper parts with more or less distinct small flat warts, lower

granulate. Bluish grey above in spirit (green in life ?),

uniform or with small irregular black spots, whitish beneath,

throat sometimes speckled with greyish. Male with an

external vocal sac and brown nuptial rugosities on the inner

finger.

From snout to vent 50 mm.

Three specimens from Wendessi ; others from the Arfak

Mountains at an altitude of 8000 feet.

Hylella chloronota.

Tongue oval, slightly nicked. Head as broad as long;

snout rounded, scarcely prominent, as long as orbit ; canthus

rostralis distinct ; loreal region nearly vertical ; interorbital

space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct,

about half the diameter of the eye. Outer fingers one-third

webbed; toes nearly entirely webbed ; disks of fingers as

large as the tympanum; subarticular tubercles moderate.

The tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the tip of the snout;

tibia not quite half length of head and body. Skin smooth

above ; throat, belly, and base of lower surface of thighs very

coarsely granulate; no fold across the chest. Green above,

white beneath, the green colour forming a narrow stripe

along the upper surface of the thighs. Male with an internal

vocal sac and brown nuptial rugosities on the inner finger.

56 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new

From snout to vent 27 mm.

T'wo specimens from the Arfak Mountains at an altitude of

8000 feet.

Hylella longicrus.

Tongue subcircular, slightly nicked. Head as broad as

long ; snout rounded, scarcely prominent, shorter than orbit ;

canthus rostralis distinct; loreal region oblique, concave ;

interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum

distinct, not quite half the diameter of the eye. Outer

fingers half-webbed ; toes nearly entirely webbed ; disks of

fingers as large as the tympanum; subarticular tubercles

very feeble. ‘The tibio-tarsal articulation reaches considerably

beyond the tip of the snout; tibia three-fifths length of head

and body. Skin smooth or finely areolate above ; belly and

base of lower surface of thighs granulate ; throat smooth; no

fold across the chest. Green above; flanks, upper surface

of thighs, and hands and feet colourless, with green dots or

reticulation ; a white band from below the eye to the angle

of the mouth ; throat and belly white.

From snout to vent 33 millim.

‘'wo female specimens—one from Fak Fak, the other from

Wendessi.

VIII. — Further Descriptions of new Freshwater Fishes

discovered by Dr, W. J. Ansorge in Portuguese Guinea.

By G. A. BouLencer, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

BEFORE leaving Portuguese Guinea Dr, Ansorge has sent to

the British Museum a further large series of fishes obtained

at or near Bafata, among which are representatives of two

new species to be added to the six described in the April

number of these ‘ Annals’ (vol. vii. p. 373).

Synodontis annectens.

Intermediate between S. sorea, Gthr., and S. clarias, L.

Agreeing with the former in the length of the snout, which

is more than half the length of the head and three times the

diameter of the eye in the adult, with the latter in the

maxillary barbel. Further differs from S. clarias in havine

the spine of the dorsal fin perfectly smooth in front and the

serration on the inner side of the pectoral spine much more

feeble in the adult.

ba |

Freshwater Fishes from Portuguese Guinea. H)

This Synodontis was already represented in the collection

of the British Museum by a specimen from Nianimaru,

Gambia, presented by the late Mr. J. S. Budgett, to which [

have specially alluded in my ‘ Fishes of the Nile,’ p. 379,

and which I then felt inclined to regard as a distinct species.

Now, with several species before me, obtained by Dr. An-

sorge in the Culufi and Geba Rivers, I feel compelled to

bestow a name on the long-snouted specimens, notwith-

standing the fact that somewhat similar examples, as regards

the proportions of the head, occur in the Nile, according to

Vaillant (N. Arch. Mus. viii. 1896, p. 105).

The largest specimen measures 270 mm.

Tilapia brevimanus.

Depth of body 23 to 2? times in total length, length of

head 3 times. Head twice as long as broad, upper profile

convex ; snout as long as broad, slightly longer than eye,

which is 34 times in length of head, equals interorbital

width, and slightly exceeds depth of preorbital ; mouth ex-

tending to between nostril and eye; outer teeth moderately

large, bifid, 50 to 60 in upper jaw, followed by 4 or 5

regular and well-separated series of smaller tricuspid teeth ;

3 series of scales on the cheek, the vertical diameter of the

scaly part below the eye 2 to % diameter of latter. Gill-

rakers short, 13 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal

XVI 12; spines increasing in length to the last, which

measures about # length of head; soft portion pointed, pro-

duced into a long filament in the male. Anal III 8; third

spine longest, as long as last dorsal, soft portion produced

like the dorsal. Pectoral a little shorter than head, not

reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral produced into a

long filament, reaching vent or anal. Caudal truncate.

Caudal peduncle nearly as long as deep. Scales not denti-

culate, 31-32 ,°,; lat. lines i» Yellowish olive above,

whitish beneath; 8 or 9 dark brown cross-bands on the head

and back, not descending to the belly, the first between the

eyes ; fins olive, dorsal and anal with yellowish spots at the

base ; a dark basal spot at the origin of the soft dorsal.

Total length 130 mm.

Several specimens from the Geba River.

Distinguished from 7’. melanopleura, A. Dum., by the

more elongate form, the shorter pectoral fin, and the larger

eye.

58 Mr. F. W. Edwards on some

1X. — On some Tipulide (Limoniine) from Ceylon in the

British Museum Collection, with Descriptions of Eight new

Species. By F. W. Epwarps, B.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tue insects treated of in this paper were contained in three

collections made in Ceylon and presented by the collectors

to the British Museum :—

(1) Mr. E. E. Green’s collection, made between 1888

and 1897.

(2) Lt.-Col. J. W. Yerbury’s collection, made in

1890-92.

(3) Mr. T. Bainbrigge Fletcher’s collection, made in

1907-8.

Only the insects belonging to the subfamily Limoniine

(Tipulide brevipaipi, O.-S., Limnubiide, auctt.) are here

described. These all belong to widely distributed genera,

but many of the species are of considerable interest. The

occurrence of the genus Styringomyia in this region is

interesting; it seems to have a very wide range in the tropics

of the Old World.

Of the sixteen species represented in the three collections,

eight are here described as new, while of the remaining eight

only four (Eriocera crystalloptera, E. humberti and LE. albo-

notata, and Conosia irrorata) had previously been recorded

from Ceylon. The species of Eriocera, as has been noticed

before, vary to a rather remarkable extent, particularly in

their neuration.

1. Thrypticomyia saltens, Dol. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind.

xiv. p. 390, pl. 11. fig. 3 (1857) (as Limnobia).*

Syn. Dicranomyia saltans, Ost.-Sack. Berl. ent. Zeit. 1882, p. 88.

Although there are marked differences between this species

and 7. auripennis in the neuration, it is here referred with-

out any hesitation to the genus Thrypticomyia. In the

structure of the antenn, and the shape ef the wings and

abdomen, there is hardly any divergence; these three

characters I regard as the essential ones of the genus.

As the original description was rather short, and in Dutch,

I append another :—

Antenne 14-jointed, but the last joint constricted in the

middle, so that they appear almost as though they were

Tipulidae from Ceylon. 59

15-jointed ; bristles very similar to 7’. awripennis ; slightly

shorter than thorax. Thorax ochreous brown (d¢) or dark

brown (2), of the characteristic subglobular shape. Leys

very long and thin, dark fuscous ; cox ochreous in male ;

apical } of metatarsi white, the last four joints white,

tinged with reddish ochreous in the male ; metatarsi three

times as long as the remaining four joints together, those of

the front legs somewhat longer than those of the other two

pairs. Wings hyaline, with coppery reflections; stigma dis-

tinct, about twice as long as broad ; cells round the apex

very short; the priefurca springs from the first vein beyond

% of the wing’s length; auxiliary vein terminates at about 2,

with the subcostal cross-vein at its tip ; marginal cross-vein

slightly beyond middle of stigma, at the tip of the first vein,

which tip being bent up to the costa, there is no super-

numerary cross-vein; axillary terminates slightly beyond

tip of auxiliary. Halteres very long (about equal in length

_ to the whole thorax), blackish, base of stalk in male ochreous.

Abdomen brown, much narrowed at base in both sexes;

fleshy lobes of male genitalia unusually long.

Length of body 9 mm.; wing 9 mm. _ Doleschall gives the

length as 23’, but indicates the correct length (4/”’) in his

figure.

In connection with the peculiar habits of a species of this

genus in the Seychelles Islands, noticed by Mr. Hugh Scott

in Trans. Linn. Soe. xiv. part 1, p. 32, it is interesting to

find a reference to the habits of 7. saltens. Osten-Sacken

states that, according to Doleschall, ‘It is often found in

dwellings, principally in the corners, in large numbers,

dancing up and down in the air ; they keep so close together

that they seem to hold each other in dancing, and to form a ~

regular chain.” In view of Scott’s interesting discovery,

which he says required close and careful observation to find

out, 7. e. that the Seychelles species hangs in chains from

fine web-threads, it seems possible that 1’. saltens uses cob-

webs in the corners of rooms for a similar purpose.

Hab. Uva P. Madulsima, 25. v. 1908, 1 ¢ and 1 2?

(T. Bainbrigge Fletcher).

2. Thrypticomyia longivena, sp. u., 2.

Ochracea, alis hyalinis, tarsis pedum posticorum albis ; vena media-

stinali post ortu prefurc in costa terminata.

Head: antenne brownish, slightly longer than thorax ;

14-jointed, last jot with the apical half narrower, so that it

has the appearance of being divided. Joints of flagellum

60 Mr. F. W. Edwards on some

strikingly pedicellate, the glabrous pedicels occupying from

2 to 4 the length of the joint, and being only } as broad as

the broadest part; broad portion more or less conical, the apex

of the cone being towards the base of the joint ; these broad

portions are provided with a verticel of fine hairs, three or four

shorter bristles and one longer dorsal bristle, the hairs being 2,

the shorter bristles about 14 and the longer about 24 times

as long as the breadth of the conical portion of the joint.

Thorax ochreous, mesonotum with a rather broad dark

brown central stripe reaching back to the suture. Legs

rather dark brown, coxeze and femora towards base ochreous,

posterior tarsi and apical fifth of tibiz white, tarsi somewhat

brownish tinged towards tip; middle tarsi brown like the

femora and tibiz. Posterior tarsi scarcely more than half,

middle two-thirds, as long as their tibie. Anterior legs

missing. Wings hyaline, with golden reflections, but less

brilliant than in the other species of the genus ; a distinct

though rather diffused stigma. The wing has the typical

cuneiform shape, but there is a slight indication of an anal

angle. Base of basal cells at 1 of wing-length. Media-

stinal vein reaching costa much beyond origin of prefurca,

about halfway between that and the apex of the first longi-

tudinal vein. Subcostal cross-vein close behind apex of

mediastinal vein. Marginal cross-vein and tip of first

longitudinal rather indistinct, forming an obtuse angle

about the middle of the stigma. Discal cell subquadrate,

great cross-vein about } of the way along its lower side.

Halteres rather long, stalk ochreous brown, knob dark

brown. Abdomen only slightly constricted at base, brown,

apical segments ochreous, venter ochreous.

Length of body 4°5 mm. ; wing 5 mm.

This species must apparently come in the genus Thrypti-

comyia, though like 7. saléens it shows considerable divergence

from the type, notably in the long mediastinal vein, the less

elongated wings, and the less constricted abdomen. Un-

fortunately we have no male.

Hab. Dondra, 3. xii. 1907, 1 @ (T. Bainbrigge Fletcher).

3. Geranomyia fletcheri, sp. n., 2.

Fusca, alis unicoloris subfuscis, rostro thorace vix longiore.

Head including rostrum and antennz dark brownish black.

Autennal joints cylindrical, 14 times as long as broad.

Rostrum slightly longer than thorax ; palpi apparently two-

jointed, placed just before middle of rostrum. Thoraa dark

brownish black, with a small ochreous-brown spot on each

Tipulide from Ceylon. C1

side on the front margin of the mesonotum, and another

above and behind the insertion of the wings. Legs dark

brown, coxze ochreous brown, femorasomewhat lighter towards

base. Wings uniformly fuscous-tinged, unspotted except

for the stigma and a faint brown cloud at the base of the

preefurea. Mediastinal vein reaching costa considerably

beyond origin of przefurca, subcostal cross-vein near its tip.

Marginal cross-vein nearly three times as long as the up-

turned tip of the first longitudinal, with which it is nearly

ina line. Second posterior cell with a rectangular base ;

third longer than second, its upper margin rounded towards

the base. Great cross-vein at or just before the base of the

discal cell. Halteres with the knob brown, the stem ochreous.

Abdomen dark fuscous.

Length of body 5 mm. (excluding rostrum) ; wing 6 mm.

Hab. Madulsima, 21. xii. 1907 (2 ¢ ), 19. v. 1908 (type ¢ )

(7. Bainbrigge Fletcher).

4. Libnotes peciloptera, O.-S. Ann. Mus, Civ. Genova, xvi.

p- 403.

Pundaluoya (£. £. Green).

5. Teucholabis cyanea, sp. n.

Cyanea, abdomine purpureo-cyaneo ; pedibus luteis, femoribus apice

nigris incrassatis ; alis fasciis 4 fuscis.

Head shining dark purple, almost metallic, slightly hairy

on vertex. Antenne with the scape ochreous, the flagellum

fuscous, clothed with a rather dense pubescence; joints

ovate-cylindrical, about twice as lorg as broad. hora -

shining blue-black, submetallic ; mesopleurz dull whitish.

Legs: cox, trochanters, and basal 3 of femora ochreous,

apical fourth of femora brownish or purplish black, preceded

by a pale ochreous ring; the apices of all the femora are

thickened, those of the hind legs to the greatest extent.

Tibize and tarsi of the fore and mid legs greyish ochreous,

darker towards the tips. Hind tibiz with the basal two-

thirds ochreous, apical third blackish and somewhat thickened.

Hind tarsi blackish except for basal half of metatarsus,

which is ochreous. JVings hyaline, iridescent, with four

brown cross-bands, which are darker towards the costa: the

first of these is at the base of the basal cells, the second is

mainly before, but includes the origin of the prefurca ; the

first extends only halfway across the wing and is connected

with the second by a longitudinal brown patch occupying

62 Mr. F. W. Edwards on some

the space between the fifth and seventh veins ; the third and

broadest band includes the cross-veins, lying mainly beyond

them, it is broadest in the middle of the wings and extends

to the apex of the discal cell; the fourth band occupies the

whole of the apex of the wing. The prefurca arises about

the middle of the wing, and is obtusely angulated near its

base. Marginal cross-vein considerably beyond the fork of

the radial vein and near the termination of the subcostal.

Smal] cross-vein almost in a line with base of submarginal

cell, situated at the base of the discal cell. First posterior

cell very slightly contracted at apex. Discal cell very

narrow, tapering almost to a point at the base. Sixth vein

slightly sinuous. Wing-margin indented at the terminations

of the sixth and seventh longitudinal veins. Great cross-

vein a little beyond the base of the discal cell. Halteres

black, apical half of knob white. Adédomen with the first

segment and the base and sides of the second shining blue-

black, the remainder of the dorsum purplish brown, somewhat

shining; venter brown.

Length of body 3-5 mm.; wing 4 mm.

The uniform blue-black colour of the dorsum of the thorax

will distinguish this species from any other in the genus.

It is the smallest species, except for 7’. polita.

Hab. Madulsima, 19. v.1908,1 ¢ (7. Bainbrigge Fletcher) ;

Bentota, 13. vi. 1890, 1 2 (Lt.-Col. Yerbury).

6. Styringomyia ceylonica, sp. n., o.

Griseo-ochracea, pedibus annulatis, antennarum art. 2 nigro, thorace

vittis 2 anterioris nigro-fuscis; alis nigro-punctatis, apicis venarum

pallide infuscatis.

Head greyish ochreous, with black bristles ; tips of palpal

and first antennal joints darker; second antennal joint

entirely black. Thorax: prothoraz dark brown at the sides,

greyish ochreous in the middle, with a dark median line

posteriorly ; a tuft of black bristles on each side in front.

Mesonotum with the ground-colour cinereous above, ochreous

at the sides; two distinct blackish-brown bands, closely

approximated in front, somewhat divaricated behind, con-

tinued as far back as the suture as narrower and lighter

bands ; outside these on each side is a narrow, indistinct

brown band, starting from a small pale ochreous depression

near the front margin; behind the suture are two brown

spots; two distinct rows (one on each side of the median

line) of black bristles. Scu¢ellum greyish ochreous, with

two black bristles. Metanotumdark brown. Pleure greyish

Tipulide from Ceylon. 63

ochreous. Legs greyish ochreous; all the fernora with two

complete brown rings, on the front pair at 2 ae +, on the

middle pair at 3 and 3 3, and on the hind pair at }$ ‘and 3 of

the distance from base to apex of femora; knees narrowly

brown ; tibiz with the apex dark brown, middle tibiz with

a distinct brown spot in the middle of the upper side (this is

only faintly visible on the other legs); tarsi light greyish

ochreous, tips of first four joints ight brown, w hole ‘of last

joint blackish. Wi ings subhyaline, ochreous- tinged ; distinct

blackish spots on the small cross-vein, the two outer angles

of the discal cell, the junction of the great cross-vein with

the fifth longitudinal, and before the apex of the seventh ;

terminations of all the veins slightly clouded with fuscous.

Great cross-vein just before middle of discal cell. Seventh

vein with its tip bent downwards at right angles to the main

portion, a stump arising from the angle, which is nearly as

long as the terminal portion of the vein. Ha/teres uniformly

ochreous. Abdomen dark greyish ochreous, all the segments

with narrow brown apical bands. There is a continuous

median longitudinal brown band, which looks as thongh it

were due to the presence of food in the gut. Genitalia with

the upper lobes longer than the lower.

Length of body 6 mm. ; wing 4°5 mm.

Hab. Weligama, 9.11. 1908, 1 ¢ (T. Bainbrigge Fletcher).

7. Trentepohlia trentepohli, Wied. Aussereur zweifl. Ins.

% 951, 18.

Weligama; Galle (7. Bainbrigge Fletcher) ; Tamblejam

(Lt.-Col. Yerbury).

8. Trentepohlia (Mongoma) pennipes, O.-S. Berl. ent. Z.

1887, p. 204.

Trincomali (Lt.-Col. Yerbury); Pundaluoya (EL. 2£.

Green).

Although Bigot, in 1854, gave no satisfactory definition

of T’rentepohlia, he clearly indicated the type as Limnobia

trentepohlii, Wied., and consequently his name cannot be

rejected. Mongoma, Westw., was not published until 1881,

but it will be useful to retain this latter name as asubgenus,

including those species with four posterior cells, Trentepohlia

in this restricted sense having only three. The two sections

are closely allied, and no doubt are best included under one

genus. I have compared balsam preparations of the

genitalia of these two Ceylon species, and they are very

64 Mr. F. W. Edwards on some

similar indeed. 7. pennipes, O.-S., is said to have two

spines near the base of the front femora ; specimens which I

have examined from the Seychelles Is. show two long and

three or four short spines or bristles in this position. T. ex-

ornata, Bergr., and a closely allied species from W. Africa,

have about eight small short spines on the underside of the

front femora near the base. This, again, indicates that we

are here dealing with only one genus. There are several

undescribed African species of this genus in the British

Museum.

9. Conosia irrorata, Wied. Aussereur. zweifl. Ins. 1.574. 3.

Dondra; Galle; Bentota (7. B. Fletcher).

10. Eriocera crystalloptera, O.-S. Berl. ent. Z. 1887, p. 222.

Madulsima (7. B. Fletcher); Pundaluoya (£. E. Green) ;

Haputale (Lt.-Col. Yerbury).

The female is larger than the male, but otherwise very

similar.

11. Eriocera humberti, O.-S. Berl. ent. Z. 1887, p. 221.

Pundaluoya (#. HE. Green), 2°.

A specimen without an abdomen from Uva P. Madulsima

(T. B. Fletcher) has the thorax entirely velvet-black, but

otherwise agrees with E. humberti, of which it may be the

undescribed male.

12. Eriocera ctenophoroides, sp.n.. ¢ 9.

Rufa, abdomine nigro nitido; pedibus brunneis; alis fuscis, maculis

tribus albis apicalibus.

Head black, witha black pubescence. Antennz 8-jointed

in both sexes, but the last four joints indistinctly separated ;

scape dark fuscous, flagellum ochreous brown. Palpi

blackish. Thorax entirely brick-red, velvety in appearance,

except fcr a line round and just below the mesonotum,

which is shining and translucent. Post-alar calli and pro-

tuberance below root of wing with tufts of black hairs.

Legs uniformly dark brown, except for the red cox ;

densely covered with somewhat accumbent black pubescence ;

stout and shorter than usual in ELriocer a, giving the insect a

very Clenophora-like appearance, which is ‘heightened by the

form and colour of the abdomen. JVings dark brown,

lighter towards the anal margin and in the centre of some

Tipulidee from Ceylon. 65

of the cells; a small, long and narrow, more or less crescent-

shaped spot in the outer marginal cell, avery small triangular

spot in the first submarginal, and a large semicircular spot

in the outer portion of the second submarginal and first

posterior, white, all reaching the wing-margin.

There are some very interesting features in the neuration :

the uppermost of the three veins proceeding from the discal

cell is curved downwards, in the type male to such an extent

that the second posterior cell is completely closed at its

apex ; in the type female the small cross-vein is absent, the

first basal cell being open. I have not met with either of

these variations in any other Tipulid. Halteres brown, knob

somewhat darker, stalk hairy. dddomen deep black, except

the first segment and the ovipositor, which are reddish; for

the most part brilliantly shining, but there are apical velvety

bands on segments 2-6, these are broadest on segments 2-4,

and broaderin the female thanin the male. Venter entirely

dull. The abdomen is much broader in the middle.

Variety. One female has the thorax entirely velvet-black

and the legs darker.

Length of body 16 mm. (without ovipositor); wing

15 mm. ; legs 27-28 mm.

This species is allied to E. selene, O.-S., and E. albonotata,

Lw. From the former it differs in its larger size and in the

absence of the central] lunule of the wings.

Hab. Kandy, 19. v.92 (type 6); Kottawa, 24. iv. 92

(type 2); Pallamadulla, 17. vi. 92 (1 2) (Lt.-Col. Yerbury).

13. Eriocera albonotata, Lw. Ber. d. Berlin. Akad. p. 658

(as Limnobia).

Kandy; Pallamadulla; Passara; Trincomali (Lt.-Col.

Yerbury) ; Pundaluoya (“£. /. Green); Diajatalawa (T. B.

Fletcher).

This species apparently has its nearest ally in the pre-

ceeding, the wing-markings of some specimens being

identical. It seems to be very common and very variable.

In one variety the abdomen is entirely dark; in another

there are no dark tips to the tibie. The thorax and the

last three abdominal segments are sometimes black, some-

times brown, and the white spots at the tip of the wings are

in one form very much smaller.

14. Eriocera scutellata, sp. u., fg 2.

Flava, thorace nigro trivittato, scutello flayo, alis brunneis non

maculatis; fronte bituberculata.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. H)

66 On some Tipulide from Ceylon.

Head orange, darker brown behind the eyes, dark-haired.

Front with two prominent tubercles. Scape of antenne

dark brown; flagellum ochreous, blackish towards the tip.

Thorax ferruginous orange ; mesonotum with three longi-

tudinal black-brown stripes; the median one is narrowed

behind and extends almost back to the suture, where it is

seen to be double; the lateral stripes broaden out beliind

the suture and extend as far as the scutellum. Scutellum

orange-yellow. Metanotum dark brown. Legs: femora

ochreous with blackish tips ; tibiz and tarsi blackish, tibize

more ochreous towards the base. Wings a uniform ochreous

brown. In the female the discal cell of one wing is open.

Halteres brownish. Abdomen in male deep orange, first

segment brown, segments 2—4 with black lateral borders,

segments 5-7 all black except for a narrow apical orange

border; in female lighter orange with a black lateral line.

Length of body, g 18 mm.,, 9 15 mm.; wing, ¢ 24 mm.,

2 16 mm.

Hab, Pundaluoya, 1 ¢, Sept. 1892, and 1 92, Oct. 1897

(E. i. Green).

There is little doubt that the two specimens belong to the

same species, though they differ in the colour of the abdomen

and the length of the wing.

15. Eriocera tuberculifera, sp. n.

Lutea, thorace antice flavo, postice fusco; alis brunneis non

maculatis ; pedibus luteis; fronte trituberculata.

Head orange-yellow. Front with a pair of very prominent

tubercles just above the antenne, and above these with a

smaller median tubercle. Antenne with the basal half

ochreous yellow, the apical half dark fuscous. Thorax

fuscous brown ; mesonotum yellow in front, the yellow colour

not extending as far back as the suture. Legs uniform

ochreous. Wings uniform ochreous brown, very like those

of the preceding species. Halteres dark fuscous. Abdomen

orange ochreous, with a dark lateral line.

Length of body 14-17 mm. (without ovipositor) ; wing

14-17 mm.

Hab. Pundaluoya, type ?, Nov. 1888, one other 2, July

1889 (LZ. L. Green).

16. Eriocera fusca, sp. n.

Fusea, pedibus subcyaneis, alis non maculatis.

Head, thorax, and abdomen nearly uniform dingy fuscous.

On the Culicid Genus Eretmapodites. 67

Front rather produced, but not bitubereulated. Legs dark

fuscous, with submetallic bluish reflections in some lights.

Wings uniform fuscous. Neuration, as usual in this genus,

is rather variable: in the type male there is a supernumerary

eross-vein in the second posterior cell, which in the mght

wing is bifureated, so that the left wing has two discal cells

and the right wing three. The antenne are tinged with

ochreous, and there are indications of two paler stripes on

the thorax alternating with three dark ones.

Length of body 10-13 mm.; wing 8-11 mm.

Hab. Pundaluoya, April 1889, type g and 2? and two

other males (2. EL. Green).

This species seems to be most closely allied to Z. morosa,

O.-S., from which it differs (judging from Osten-Sacken’s

description) in the less intense black colour, in the bluish

reflections on the legs, and in the shape of the discal cell ;

the — posterior cell is here, as usual, longer than the

second.

X.—9n the Culicid Genus Eretmapodites, Theobald.

By F. W. Epwarnps, B.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE object of this paper is to clear up certain points of

synonymy in the genus Hretmapodites without entering into

any discussion of the generic position. ‘The species certainly

form a well-marked group, and can be treated of as such,

whether or not the group be worthy of generic rank. I may,

however, point out that there is very little to separate this

genus from Desvoidya.

A certain amount of confusion appears to have arisen

between the two species described by Mr. Theobald, £. quin-

quevittatus (Mon. Culicid. i. p. 280, 1901) and E. austenit

(Mon. Culicid. v. p. 572, 1910). Mr. EK. K. Austen, of the

British Museum, had placed the following note under the

series of EH. quinquevittatus :—

‘““N.B.—It appears to me that the four specimens

from Wilberforce, Freetown (HE. EK. Austen), in the top

row above are specifically distinct from the three from

the same locality in the next row. ‘The latter belong to

the following species [Z. austenit], which is distin-

guished by the marking of the dorsum of the thorax,

68 Mr. F. W. Edwards on the

and the more noticeable enlargement of the tip of the

hind tibia in the g. In the typical EL. guinquevittatus

the thorax is not conspicuously striped at all.—E. E.

Austen, 22. xii. 04.”

To this Mr. C. 8. Banks (of the Bureau of Science,

Manila), who visited the Museum some three years ago, added

the following :—

‘“‘] quite agree with Mr. Austen regarding the ab-

sence of special (quinquevittee) markings in the ¢ or

? type of LH. quinquevittata and believe that Theobald

must have mixed his specimens after describing and

before labelling them. C. 8. Banks. 9. ix. 08.”

On the suggestion of Mr. G. A. K. Marshall I have gone

carefully into the matter, examining critically every specimen

of the genus (seventy-three altogether) in the British

Museum. As a result I have come to a somewhat different

conclusion from that of Banks. The results of my examina-

tion may be set forth as follows :—

(1) Theobald’s description of EL. quinquevittatus applies to

the male of one species and the female of another.

(2) The insect described by Theobald as 2. quinque-

vittatus 9 was redescribed by him, together with its true g,

as LH. austentt.

(3) The insect Theobald described as Z. quinquevittatus g

was redescribed by Graham, together with its true 2, as

EE, chrysogaster.

Were this all, the riddle would be comparatively simple.

But the female insect labelled ‘ FZ. quinquevittatus type” 1S

of the same species as the male type, and agrees with thie

description of chrysogaster, but not of quinguevittatus. Thus

Banks’s conclusion was in the main correct. It looks as

though Theobald drew up his first description before he

recognized that he had two species before him, and so was

not sufficiently careful in choosing his types. The best

course seems to me to be to ignore the type label and follow

the description, in which case the two species will have to be

known as quinguevittatus (with a striped thorax and simple

hind tarsi in the male) and chrysogaster (with unstriped

thorax and feathered hind tarsi in the male),

A scrutiny of the series of £. melanopous*, Graham, showed

that here also two species, if not three, had been confused.

* T have not felt myself justified in Latinizing the spelling of

Dr. Graham's names,

Culicid Genus Eretmapodites, Theobald. 69

One or two specimens are undoubtedly 2. chrysogaster, while

two males do not agree with the description of the male of

any known species, and are therefore described below. The

majority of the specimens forming the series seemed, how-

ever, to agree closely with the description of Z. inornatus,

Newstead, and I therefore wrote to Mr. Newstead, who very

kindly presented to the Museum a pair of Z. cnornatus from

the original Congo series. A comparison of Graham’s series

with the specimens received from Mr. Newstead shows that

2. melanopous, Graham, is undoubtedly a synonym of

2. inornatus, Newstead. Dr. Graham’s description was

made before Mr. Newstead’s, but was not published till two

years later. A single specimen of this species taken by

Major F. Smith at Sierra Leone was in the series of EZ. qguin-

quevillatus.

I at first believed that Giles’s Uranotenia nitidiventer

(which, as stated by Banks and Carter, is synonymous with his

Runchomyia philippinensis) should be placed in this genus,

owing to the close similarity in scale-structure and colouring.

A more careful examination, however, showed that this

species is a Phoniomyia, and is, in fact, Theobald’s P. di-

maculipes. The name nitidiventer will have to supplant

bimaculipes. In this species, as in several others of the genus

Phoniomyia, there appear to be no hairs on the metanotum.

Giles evidently allowed his imagination to have free play in

describing this insect, as it is clear from his types that what

he called the “frontal protuberance” is the structtire which

is present in all mosquitoes and is called by Theobald the

celypeus ; the prothoracic lobes, too, are of perfectly normal

form. Unfortunately no male is known.

The golden-yellow coloration of the venter in Hretmapodites

would seem to be a good generic character, though it has

sometimes been overlooked by previous writers owing to the

fact that when the abdomen is not distended with tood the

venter is hidden and the sides seem to meet in the nid-ventral

line. Consequently some species have been described as

having the venter banded with black and silver; this is not

the case, as both sexes of every species have a golden-yellow

venter. Sometimes the venter is completely entolded except

at the extreme base, and then it is very difficult, without

reference to other specimens, to make out what has happened.

The larve of two species are known. Dr. A. C, Connal

bred a series of /. inornatus from larve found at Lagos in

the shell of a large land-snail. . chrysogaster was bred in

numbers by Dr. A. D. Fraser from larvee found in an empty

lemon-skin at Kasala Forest, Mpumu, Uganda.

70 Mr. F. W. Edwards on the

Dr. A. Ingram has also bred EL. chrysogaster, and sent

(23. iii. 1909) the following notes from Ashanti :—

“ Notes relative to EKretmapodites chrysogaster, Graham.

“ Ova appear to be laid singly like Stegomyia ova, often

not actually upon the surface of the water, but on the side of

the vessel almost in contact with the surface of the water.

Larve are long and worm-like, bear some resemblance to the

larvee of Stegomyia, having a short syphon-tube hanging

almost perpendicular to the surface of the water when at rest,

and moving with a lashing worm-like motion when disturbed.

‘The most marked characteristic of the larva, however, appears

to be the length of time it can spend browsing at the bottom

of the vessel; lying horizontally and crawling about like a

worm, it can remain ‘below’ for longer periods of time than

any other Culea larva I have seen.

“« Pupe are very active when disturbed, but, like the larve,

spend much time at the bottom of the vessel, ‘ sitting’ in a

characteristic attitude upon their tails and swaying gently

backwards and forwards.

“ BH. chrysogaster, like Stegomyia, is a ‘house’ mosquito;

the ova are laid in small collections of stagnant water in tins,

calabashes, &c. The eggs are never very numerous, less so

than those of Stegomyia; at least Stegomyia and Hretma-

podites larve are frequently associated together in small

collections of water, and the former are always in the

majority.

“J have never known £. chrysogaster to ‘ bite.’ ”

“ Akrokerri, Ashanti,

5/3/09.”

Brief Diagnoses of the Species.

1. EL. quinquevittatus, Theob. — Prothoracie lobes silvery-

scaled. Mesothorax golden-scaled, with five sharply-

defined lines of black scales ; when denuded pale ochreous

brown. Hind tarsi of male simple.

2. E. conde’, Ventrillon *.—Prothoracic lobes with flat silvery

scales. Mesothorax golden-scaled, with two longitudinal

lines and a continuous marginal line black; when

denuded pale ochreous brown. Hind tarsi of male

simple.

I can see nothing to separate this species from

* «Archives de Parasitologie,’ ix. 1905, p, 444,

Culicid Genus Eretmapodites, Theobald. 71

E, quinquevittatus, but as the specimens in the British

Museum are all rubbed, I refrain from sinking the name

9 i i=)

as a synonym. ‘The only difference that is apparent

from the description is the absence of the median black

line on the thorax; the original specimens may have

been in bad condition.

3. E. inornatus, Newstead.—Prothoracic lobes with flat

silvery scales. Mesothorax mainly dark-scaled, with an

anterior submedian pair; a lateral pair and a median

posterior golden line. Colour of chitin dark brown.

Male with simple hind tarsi; the penultimate segment

of abdomen with lateral silvery spots ; claspers of geni-

talia with dark scales.

4, E. grahami, sp. n., § —Prothoracic lobes with flat silvery

scales. Mesothorax mainly dark-scaled, with scattered

yellow scales, but without distinct markings, chitin dark

brown. Hind tarsi simple. Penultimate segment of

abdomen with lateral silvery spots; claspers of genitalia

with light scales.—Described from a male from Obuasi,

Ashanti, 8. viii. 1907 (Dr. W. M. Graham) : type, and

one other specimen from same locality, taken 13. xi. 1907,

in British Museum (Natural History).

Since no females are yet available for examination, it

is impossible to give characiers applicable to both sexes ;

the study of further material may, indeed, prove that

E. grahami is only a form of the following species.

Dr. Graham has examined these two specimens, and

agrees that they are apparently distinct from any

previously described species.

5. E. ehrysogaster, Graham.—Prothoracic lobes with flat

silvery scales. Thorax without distinct markings, chitin

variable in colour, from rather light brown to almost

black. Hind tarsi of male feathered, but the amount of

scaling varies somewhat. Penultimate segment of

abdomen usually with a continuous silvery band across

the dorsum ; claspers of genitalia with light scales.

As in all other species belonging to the present genus,

there is a variable number of yellow upright scales on

the head mixed with the black ones; this character

cannot therefore be used, as it was by Newstead, for the

separation of £. ¢nornatus and HE. chrysogaster.

G. E. leucopous, Graham,—Prothoracic lobes with narrow-

curved yellow scales. ‘Thorax with rather obscure dark

72 On the Culicid Genus Eretmapodites.

stripes, chitin dark brown. Last two joints of hind tarsi

white in both sexes. Claspers of @ genitalia hardly

scaly.

7. E. oidipodeios, Graham.—Prothoracic lobes with narrow-

curved yellow scales. Thoracic markings somewhat

like those of E. ¢nornatus, but the yellow markings more

extended and not sharply defined. Hind tarsi of ¢ bent,

with a tuft of long hair. Claspers of genitalia hardly

scaly.

Table for determining the Species of Eretmapodites.

1. Prothoracic lobes covered with flat silvery scales .. 2.

Prothoracic lobes entirely without flat silvery scales. 6.

pnd tarsi OLaNale simple. oG,.i2 5.05056 230s. - es 3.

Hind tarsi of male feathered ; thorax without distinct

SIATONOS MBE cick: baeeels ns ds aioe nie ss asistes S chrysogaster.

8. Thorax without distinct markings................ grahami.

LH orax GIsMCUby*SuTEPeO shiv 0. We whe 0 leew sinee 4,

4, Thorax light-coloured, with distinct black stripes .. 5.

Thorax dark-coloured, with narrow golden stripes.. nornatus.

5. A median black longitudinal stripe on thorax. ..... quinquevittatus.

No median black Jongitudinal stripe on thorax .... condet.

6. Last two joints of hind tarsi white; hind tarsi in

d simple..... De antec leo Urn swW nix cess athe MAG oe leucopous.

Last two joints of hind tarsi not white; hind tarsi

OSES ROM SE ds hsiet ds nus 4 pela ao dS esi oidipodeios.

Summary of Synonymy.

—

. EB. quinquevittatus, Theob.

quinquevitiatus, Theob., 2.

austenit, Theob.

. EL. condei, Ventrillon.

P preec, var.

3. EH. inornatus, Newstead.

melanopous, Graham.

—

. EL. qraham?, sp. ».

? chrysogaster, Graham, var,

. E. chrysogaster, Graham.

quinguevittatus, Theob., ¢.

or)

. By leucopous, Graham.

7. E. oidipodeios, Graham.

-.*

—

On new Species of Histeride.

Geographical Distribution of the Species.

E. quinquevittatus. — Sierra Leone; Ashanti (Obuasi) ;

S. Nigeria (Oshogbo, Dr. T. F. G. Mayer : ; Ilesha, Capt.

L. EB. H. Humfr ey).

E. condet.— Madagascar.

E. inornatus—Sierra Leone; Ashanti (Obuasi); S. Ni-

geria (Llesha, Capt. Humfrey ; Lagos, Dr. Connal) ; Congo

Free State (Coquilhatville and Lusambo).

E. grahami.—Ashanti (Obuasi).

E. chrysogaster.—Sierra Leone; Ashanti (Obuasi and

Akrokerri) ; Uganda (Kampala Swamp, Kasala, Mpumu,

and Buanuka, Dr. A. D. Fraser).

EB. leucopous and E. ordipodeois—Ashanti (Obuasi).

XI.—On new Species of Histeridee and Notices of others.

By G. Lewis, F.L.S.

Tuts is the thirty-seventh paper on the Histeride ; the last

was published in July 1910.

Linné (in 1735), “Paykull (1811), Marseul (1858), and

other writers have noticed varieties of many species, but

they abstained from giving them varietal names. It is

different now, and I think that if the present plan of pro-

cedure is continued systematists will year by year be more

and more discredited. Last year four names were added

to those of Hister maculatus, L., bringing the number up to

nineteen. The colour-varieties of H. maculatus are very

numerous, and names founded on them might easily be

brought up to thirty ; but would this be useful for a study

of the species? The volume of the Catalogue would be

enlarged, but would the enlargement be serviceable, and

should the limit be 30? Saprinus varians, Sch., has but

one name at present, but, as its name implies, it is very

variable ; is it desirable to give it six or eight more names ?

And this question may be asked of a large number of

species. Gnathoncus rotundatus, Kug., has twexty names,

and Saprinus nitidulus, F., sixteen.

In a time that we may anticipate but shall not see, 100,000

more Coleoptera will probably be described, and these at a

moderate computation will acquire 150,000 to 180,000 names.

In the Munich Catalogue (1868) 803 species of Cicindelide

yp Mr. G. Lewis on

have 1378 names. In the Berlin Catalogue of last year for

2420 species of Histeridz there are 2940 names,

Mr. I. Muir has been several years (1907-1910) in Eastern

Asia seeking for creatures that check the ravages of the

sugar-cane weevil, Sphenophorus, and he discovered that

Plesius javanus, Ev., fed, both in the larval and adult stages,

on species of this genus, and that in Amboina and Ceram

Platylister abruptus, Er., fed mostly on the larve of a

Sphenophorus which infests the sago-palms. Mr. Muir

consequently imported into the Hawaiian Islands the two

Histerids, liberating at Honolulu about 50 specimens of the

Plesius and 250 of the Platylister, in the hope that they

may prey on the weevil which is injurious to the sugar-cane

there. The Plesius has not been seen since its liberation,

but the Platylister has been found twice. Sphenophorus

occurs in Asia as far north as South Japan, and lately a

species of Platylister has been found in Kiushiu and Formosa

and another in South China. Neither of these districts

has yet yielded the Plesius. It is not probable that the

Histerids feed solely on these particular weevils, but the

vegetation which attracts the one affords at the same time

convenieut shelter to the other when not actively engaged in

seeking for food.

As regards the Histeride generally, no adequate collection

of the species has yet been made, and their systematic classi-

fication, as far as a satisfactory lineal arrangement of the

genera can be effected, has not been reached.

List of Species.

Hololepta insiguis, Sch. | Hister accola,

‘Trypanzeus torpedo, Lew. vadatus, Lew.

lee vipennis. —— guinensis, Payk.

Coptotrophis trunculus. Spilodiscus penulatus,

Trypeticus crassus, Sch. militaris, Horn.

bifoveolatus, Lew. Dendrophilus championi, Lev,

Teretrius predator. Pachylomalus leo, Mars.

estivus, Lew. Paromalus javanus, Ltedth,

—— mogul. Tribalus cavernicola, Lew.

alfierii, Pre. Pelorurus few, Lew.

Platylister procerus. pumicatus,

Platysoma viatorium. Microcheetes costatus, Macl., 1871.

Omalodes optatus, Epiechinus tasmani, Lew.,

Campylorhabdus (Teinotarsus) 1899,

poggei, Har. Saprinus dives.

Macrolister curvistrius, requipunctatus, Horn.

latilabris. walkeri, Bickh,

—— robusticollis, Lew. Hypocaccus asticus,

Hister paganus, Sck., 1889.

exlegis, Lew., 1903.

new Species of Histeride. 75

Hololepta insignis, Sch.

Schmidt only knew the female of this species, of which

the type is in the Berlin Museum. The male has no carina

on the mentum, the thoracic fossette is on the lateral border

distant from the angle and similarly placed to that of sternalis,

Lew., the anterior part of the prosternal keel is greatly

widened out, and nearly the whole of this widened portion

is excavated, the posterior margin alone remaining, and the

tenuous anterior edge has a sinuous outline. The mandibles

are very long and widely depressed in the middle. In the

Hololeptini a very important masculine character lies in the

form of the menton, but a very conspicuous secondary

character in some species is the presence or absence of a

thoracic fossette or fovea occurring in varying positions in

the anterior upper surface of the thorax. It is not a per-

sistent character, as it does not exist in all the species, and

in some it varies much in size according to the more or less

development of the individuals. The function of the fovez

is not apparent.

Trypaneus torpedo, Lewis, 1885.

This species was discovered by Mr. Thomas Belt in

Nicaragua, and at the same time specimens of Tesserocerus

beltt, Sh., were found, and as both species are of similar

girth, the first is probably predaceous on the second; both

species are for their kind very large. The smallest species

of Trypeticus known is a native of Sumatra and is scarcely

larger than a fine thread, and it would be very interesting to

discover the wood-borer whose passages are so minute.

Trypaneus levipennis, sp. n.

Cylindricus, robustus, niger, nitidus; fronte plana, rostro apice

acute producto; pronoto antice punctato haud tuberculato;

elytris levibus; prosterno brevi triangulato, margine elevato;

tibiis anticis 6-dentatis.

L. 6} mill.

6. Cylindrical, robust, black and shining ; the forehead

flattened between the eyes, no ocular tubercle, surface some-

what opaque, rostrum a little swollen laterally, with the

apex acutely pointed and the tip a little raised; the thorax

margined laterally and anterior area for about one-fifth

of the length distinctly punctured, but without tubercles,

the remaining surface is finely and sparsely punctulate ; the

76 Mr. G. Lewis on

elytra are almost smooth, the few points being microscopic ;

the propygidium and pygidium are rather densely punc-

tured, the latter being very obtusely produced; the pro-

sternum, keel is very short, triangular, with its margin,

except at the base, elevated, inner surface smooth; the

mesosternum and metasternum have a well-marked median

channel and are impunctate; the anterior tibiz have six

strong teeth, the intermediate have seven dentations, the two

at the tarsal end being joined at their bases.

There is no similar species known to compare with this.

Hab. Cachabi to Paramba, N.E. Ecuador (W. F. H.

Rosenberg).

Coptotrophis trunculus, sp. n.

Cylindricus, piccus, nitidus; ¢ fronte leviter impressa 1-tuber-

culata, rostro apice obtuso reflexo, 2 fronte circulari concava ;

pronoto grosse punctato; elytris tenuissime puncticulatis ; py-

gidio dense punctato ; prosterno marginato ; mesosterno utrinque

sulcato; tibiis anticis 6-dentatis.

L. 23 mill.

Cylindrical, piceous, shining, elytra, legs, and antennz

obscurely brown; ¢@ forehead lightly impressed with a

small median tubercle, 9 with a circular concavity, surface

microscopically strigose and sparingly punctured ; the thorax,

anterior angles reddish, ¢ slightly impressed anteriorly, ?

more slightly, surface very distinctly punctate, some points

large, others smaller, and there is a narrow median line

almost impunctate ; the elytra are brown and very feebly

punctured ; the pygidium (in both sexes) is convex, densely

and somewhat coarsely punctured; the prosternum is strongly

margined laterally, but the striz only obscurely meet aute-

riorly ; the mesosternum has a well-marked lateral sulcus ;

the metasternum has a median channel which is wide ante-

riorly and linear behind; the antenne, scape has a few long

flavous hairs ; the anterior tibiz are 6-dentate.

The general facies of this small species closely resembles

that of deyro/lei, Mars., and proboscideus, F. Marseul says

of deyrollet that the mesosternal stria is ‘‘ not interrupted ” ;

but the three species given above are exactly alike in. this

respect, and have only a lateral sulcus. The sterna are

lightly and vaguely puncticulate. ‘The relatively large size

of the thoracic punctures serves to separate drunculus from

the other two species.

Hab. Guatemala,

new Species of Histeride.

Trypeticus crassus, Sch., 1892.

Trypeticus bifoveolatus, Lew., 1893.

Schmidt recorded that the male of this species was in my

collection and came from Perak. The specimen referred to

is in the British Museum and belonged to the late Mr. Fry’s

collection. 1 think now that the deep foveein the pygidium

of bifoveolatus is not a specific character, as I have seen five

examples without them, and my name therefore must fall

into the synonymy.

Teretrius predator, sp. u.

Cylindricus, niger, nitidus, sat dense punctatus; prosterno punctato,

striis parallelis ; mesosterno sparse punctato ; propygidio pygidio-

que modice dense punctatis ; pedibus brunneo-ferrugineis ; tibiis

anticis intus ciliatis.

L. 33 mill.

Cylindrical, black and shining, evenly and somewhat

densely punctured above ; the forehead convex ; the thorax,

lateral stria sinuous before the base, continuing, but finer,

behind the head; the pygidium is convex, surface micro-

scopically strigose and evenly punctured, punctures not very

close; the prosternum rather closely punctured, punctures

rather large and shallow; the mesosternum is markedly

marginate, and with the metasternum and first abdominal

segment (all similarly) sparsely and somewhat finely punc-

tured ; the anterior tibie are 10—1]-dentate, with a few

flavous hairs at the tarsal end on the inner edge, intermediate

7-8-, posterior 4—5-spinose.

This species is much less robust than pilimanus, Mars.,

but the surface punctuation is closely similar. Some

examples have on the first abdominal segment a lineal

arrangement of punctures which correspond to the striz that

I have noticed in eéstivus.

Hab. Senegal and Central Africa. In the Paris Museum

and my own collection.

Teretrius estivus, Lew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xv. p. 470

(1885).

In the Catalogue of 1905 I placed this name in error as a

synonym of 7. punctulatus, Fihr. The prosternal strize are

not, as I stated, divergent except at the anterior tips, and

there is a marked specific character in a lateral longitudinal

stria on the first abdominal segment.

78 Mr. G. Lewis on

Teretrius mogul, sp. 0.

Cylindricus, robustus, niger, nitidus, undique parum dense punc-

tatus, pedibus piceis ; pronoto stria marginali integra; prosterno

basi profunde inciso, striis modice divergentibus; mesosterno

stria transversa arcuata, tenuil impressa; tibiis anticis 10-12-

denticulatis.

L. 33-33 mill.

Cylindrical, robust, black and shining, antenne and legs

piceous. Wholly punctured above, very similarly to Araatzi,

which Marseul calls “ sat fortiter et dense punctatus.” The

marginal stria of the thorax is complete behind the head ;

the prosternum, the striz gradually diverge from the base to

the apex, sometimes terminating at the suture, sometimes

joining the marginal stria along the anterior rim (in one

example this variation occurs on one side and not on the

other) ; the mesosternum is prominently produced, but the

marginal stria, beginning at the cox, does not follow its

contour, but is arched and fine, and leaves rather a wide

anterior margin, all the sterna and the first abdominal

segment are finely and sparingly punctulate. The anterior

tibiz are 10-12-denticulate, intermediate 7-8-, posterior

4—5-spinose.

The peculiar mesosternal stria is a remarkable character

which distinguishes it from all the other species I know.

Hab. Lahore, associated with Teretriosoma intrusum, Mars.

(E. P. Stebbing).

Teretrius alfierii, Pic. Echange, xxvi. p. 9 (1910).

“Targe et assez court, presque paralléle, subconvexe,

brillant, roux 4 ponctuation sur le dessus du corps assez

forte et écartée; tibias antérieurs trés aplatis, creusés et

élargis, modérément denticulés, propygidium et pygidium

non densément ponctués. Voisin de acacie Reitt., plus

trapu et de coloration plus claire; moins allongé que pulex

Fairm.”

L. 2 mill.

“ Hab. Egypt & Choubra.”

The form given by the author seems to indicate that this

species belongs to the genus Teretriosoma, but the essential

characters of this genus and Tereérius lie in the sterna, of

which the author says nothing,

new Species of Histeridse. 79

Platylister procerus, sp. 0.

Oblongo-ovatus, subdepressus, niger, nitidus ; fronte concava, stria

utrinque interrupta, mandibulis in medio impressis; pronoto

stria laterali haud interrupta; elytris striis 1-3 integris, 4-5 et

suturali brevibus lineis punctatis ; pygidio dense punctato, mar-

gine postice levi haud elevato; mesosterno stria marginali

obscure integra ; tibiis anticis 4-5-dentatis,

L. 83-9 mill.

Oblong-oval, rather depressed, black and shining ; fore-

head concave, with the stria obsoletely interrupted on ‘either

side ; labrum transverse, with an arched outline, not emar-

vinate ; mandibles rather broad and impressed in the middle ;

the thorax, lateral stria well marked and continued behind

head, scutellar fovea very small; the elytra, 1-3 dorsal

striz complete, 4-5 and sutural fine, apical, punctiform or

broken, the sutural is sometimes wanting; the propygidium

transversely punctured, punctures irregular and not very

close; the pygidium is evenly and rather closely punctate,

with the posterior rim smooth but not elevated; the meso-

sternum is emarginate, and behind the emargination the

stria is fine but “traceable as complete; the anterior tibize

are 4—5-dentate.

The dorsal strize of this species resemble those of cathayi

and niponensis, Lew. It is the largest species of the genus

known except mirabilis, Lew.

Hab. Kouy-Tcheou, ea ee Central China, east of

Yunnan (Pére Cavelerie, 1908) (? Kwei chau of the ‘Times’

Atlas). Two exam ples i in the Paris Museum and one in my

collection.

Platysoma viatorium, sp. n.

Oblongo-ovatum, subdepressum, nigrum, nitidum; fronte punctu-

lata tenuiter impressa, stria integra ; ely tris striis 1-3 integris,

4-6 abbreviatis; pygidio basi grosse punctato, margine postice

late levi; mesosterno parum late emarginato; tibiis anticis 4-

denticulatis.

L, 3; mill.

Oblong-cval, rather depressed, black and shining; the

head finely punctulate, with more conspicuous punctures

along the base, frontal stria complete, forehead and clypeus

impressed ; the thorax finely punctulate laterally, the lateral

stria continues anteriorly to behind the eye, where it is

slightly disconnected from a straight crenulate stria behind

80 Mr. G. Lewis on

the head, and which is not so close to the margin; the

elytra, dorsal strize 1-3 complete, 4 shortened before the

base, 5 somewhat shorter, sutural almost dimidiate; the

propygidium has irregular, shallow, subocellate punctures,

chiefly on its sides; the pygidium has large and deep punc-

tures, closely set at the base and apically is margined with a

rather wide and smooth, not elevated rim; the anterior

tibiz are 4-denticulate.

The species in size is similar to P. vicinale, Lew., but the

sculpture of the pygidium distinguishes it from the other

known West-African species.

Hab. Angola.

Omalodes optatus, sp. n.

Ovatus, convexiusculus, niger, nitidus; fronte minute punctulata,

in medio modice sulcata; pronoto lateribus dense punctulato,

stria marginali ad angulos valida ; elytris striis 1 integra, 2 basi

abbreviata, apice punctis formata; propygidio utrinque grosse

punctato; pygidio transverse punctato, basi et apice levi; pro-

sterno haud striato; mesosterno utrinque muarginato; tibiis

anticis 4-dentatis.

L. 10-11 mill.

The above is similar in outline to O. feliz, Lew. ; it is not

so oblong as O. mestino, Lew., but its size agrees with that

Peruvian species. The fine punctuation of the head distin-

euishes it from feliz ; the scutellar puncture is very distinct ;

the first dorsal stria is very fine on the apical half and has a

few fine punctures, the second is more marked posteriorly

but much shortened at the base, and close to the apical edge

it consists of three or four points only ; the propygidium is

almost impunctate on the middle of its dise and the smooth

area widens out both before and behind; the pygidium,

punctures extend across the disc, leaving the apex and the

basal area smooth ; the anterior tibiz are 4-dentate.

Hab. Alto Parana, Argentina (Bertoni).

Campylorhabdus (Teinotarsus) poggei, Har., 1879.

Harold’s diagnosis of this species is :—

“Ater, subnitidus, thorace dense punctulato, ad latera striolato,

elytris fortius et dense subrugoso punctatis, stria humerali et

dorsalibus septem extus carinatis, interioribus antice abbreviatis,

stria suturali antice abbreviata ; prosterno antice lobato-producto,

lobo medio emarginato, mesosterno margine antico subrotundato

integro, non emarginato.”

L. 11°5 mill.

new Species of Histeride. 81

The oblique interstitial elytral stria is obliterated in

pogget by the rugose sculpture, but it is traceable in singu-

faris, Sch., and shows that the inner humeral stria is complete

and similar to the stria of those species I have assigned to the

genus Eworhabdus. The outline of the mesosternum is formed

the same in both genera, and they should be placed close

together in the Catalogue. The outer humeral stria in

pogget extends from the base, where it is carinate, to beyond

the middle; in singularis it is wholly carinate but short,

ceasing where in poggei it is no longer carinate.

Macrolister curvistrius, sp. n.

Oyatus, conyexus, niger, nitidus; labro excavato, emarginato, stria

frontali integra tenuiter impressa; pronoto stria interna haud

interrupta; elytris striis 1-3 integris; 4 basi abbreviata apice

conspicue sinuata, 5 et suturali obsoletis; propygidio punctu-

lato, margine postice in medio levi; pygidio dense punctato;

prosterno haud striato; mesosterno stria marginali interrupta;

tibiis anticis 3-dentatis.

L, 12-13 mill.

This species is very similar to Jatipes, Palis. Beauv., but

the labrum is rather less wide, the inner thoracic stria is

complete, not interrupted behind the head, and the outer

stria quite reaches the base, the elytral fourth stria is not

punctiform, but shortened by about one-third at the base, and

posteriorly it is markedly sinuous, the propygidium is much

more clearly punctured, with a median smooth space on the

posterior border ; the sterna are similar to those of latipes.

‘The thoracic stria being complete is of importance, as the

other known species placed in the first section of the genus

(in which the mesosternal stria is interrupted) have this stria

interrupted. In one specimen I have seen the labrum is

impressed, not excavated, and in others the short apical

dorsal striz are punctiform.

Hab. Belgian Congo. Examples in the Musée du Congo

Belge and my own cabinet.

Macrolister latilabris, sp. n.

Ovyatus, convexiusculus, niger, nitidus; fronte stria integra, labro

Jato modice inciso; pronoto fulvo ciliato, striis lateralibus pone

oculos interruptis; elytris striis 1-3 integris, 4 abbreviata, 5 brevi

punctiformi; pygidio vix dense punctulato; mesosterno stria

marginali late interrupta; tibiis anticis 3-dentatis.

L. 14 mill.

Ann. & Mag, N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 6

§2 Mr. G. Lewis ox

This species has little to separate it from Hister major, L.,

except its size, greater breadth, and less convexity, and the

labrum (a very important character) is narrower and one-

third wider. I have a specimen which is apparently the

same species as the above; it is labelled “medius Sturm

Ind. or.” ‘This is a catalogue name which appears in the

Munich Catalogue under Hister bengalensis, Wiedem. My

specimen probably belonged to Sturm, and if so, the locality

given by him is almost certainly an error.

Hab. Senegal. Four examples.

Macrolister robusticollis, Lew.

Ihave one example of this species from Johannesburg

which measures 12 mm., but most of my specimens approxi-

mately measure 9 mm., the size of the type example.

Hister exlegis, Lew., 1903.

= paganus, Sch. 1889, n. syn.

Formerly I considered that Schmidt’s description did not

apply to my species, because he stated that in paganus the

inner subhumeral stria was complete, but the stria terminates

in the middle, the oblique basal stria is very distinct but it

does not join it. In the species | have assigned to the

genus Hworhabdus the inner subhumeral stria is complete

and similar to the first dorsal stria, and the oblique stria is

faint, but it is traceable in the interstice between the

first dorsal and the subhumeral strie; it is not wholly

obliterated. Schmidt made a similar statement regarding

Hister aschanti, the subhumeral just passes beyond the

middle only, the stria at the base is the oblique stria and is

extremely tine, and although it joins the subhumeral it is

very distinct.

Hister accola, sp. n.

Breviter ovatus, parum conyexus, niger, nitidus; fronte stria

antice recta ; pronoto stria interna integra, externa ultra medium

abbreviata; elytris striis subhumerali interna ante medium

abbreviata, dorsalibus profundis, crenulatis, 1-4 integris, 5 apicali,

suturali basi abbreviata; propygidio pygidioque vix dense

punctatis; mesosterno fere recto, marginato; pedibus piceis ;

tiblis anticis 3-dentatis.

This species belongs to the series of African species which

have a short outer thoracic stria and a bowed sutural stria

new Species of Histeride. 83

more or less complete. As such it is similar to H. torridus,

Mars., but it differs by the dorsal striz being deeper and

erenulate, by the pygidia being evenly and almost densely

punctured (the pygidium having a grade of punctures

slightly smaller), and by the mesosternal edge being almost

straight and only very feebly sinuous.

Hab. Belgian Congo. In the Museum of the Belgian

Congo and in my own collection.

Hister vadatus, Lewis, 1908.

Ovalis, conyexus, niger, nitidus; fronte stria antice recta; pronoto

bistriato ; elytris striis 1-4 integris, 5 obsoleta, suturali utrinque

abbreviata ; propygidio pygidioque punctatis; mesosterno stria

marginali in medio interrupta; tibiis anticis 3-dentatis, apicali

dente immani.

L. 7 mill.

Oval, conyex, black and shining; the head, frontal stria

complete, straight anteriorly and rounded off on either side ;

the thorax, marginal stria very fine, two lateral well-marked

and parallel to each other, the outer stria terminates behind

the eye, inner continued behind the head; the elytra,

humeral stria wanting, dorsal 1-4 complete, 5 indicated by

a few apical points, sutural abbreviated at both ends, the

ends turn away from the suture; the pygidia are clearly not

closely punctured with microscopical points in the inter-

spaces; the prosternum, lobe marginate and impunctate ;

the mesosternum is feebly sinuous anteriorly and the

marginal stria is interrupted in the middle; the anterior

tibize 3-dentate, apical tooth very large.

The above is similar to H. obesus, Fahr., and others by the

thorax being bistriate laterally and the terminal tooth of the

anterior tibia being very large.

Hab. Meru: at the river Ngare na nyuki, 22nd Noy.,

1905.

Hister guinensis, Payk. Mon. 1811.

In reference to my note, Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. vi. p. 54

(1910), Prof. Sjéstedt informs me that there is no specimen

to represent Paykull’s species in the Stockholm Museum ; the

name is there, but no pin-hole near it. I think therefore my

sternal characters may be taken as belonging to guinensis.

This year is the centenary of the publication of Paykull’s

Monograph, the first on the family and treating of 93

species.

84 Mr. G. Lewis on

Spilodiscus penulatus, sp. n.

Ovalis, convexus, niger, nitidus ; fronte stria integra antice sinuata ;

pronoto striis 2 lateralibus integris haud parallelis; elytris

maculis flavo-rubris, arcuatis, striis 1-3 integris, 4-5 apicalibus,

suturali basi abbreviata; mesosterno valde emarginato, stria

marginali integra.

L. 33 mill.

Oval, convex, black and shining, frontal stria well marked

and sinuous anteriorly ; the thorax with two lateral strie,

strong and widest apart behind the anterior angle, inner

stria continued behind the head and is sinuous behind the

eyes, marginal stria fine and not continued behind the neck ;

the elytra, humeral strize wanting, except the short oblique

stria, dorsal 1-8 complete, 4—5 short and apical, 4 with basal

appendage, sutural shortened about one-fourth from the base,

the red marking is arcuate in outline and very similar to

that figured for patagiatus, Lew. Biol. Centr.-Am., Col. vol. ii.

pt. 1, tab. v. fig. 13, except that the interstice between the

first and second striz is only red for a short space before the

base ; the pygidia are evenly but not quite densely punc-

tured; the mesosternum is deeply emarginate and the striz

well-marked and complete; the anterior tibiz are dilated.

Hab. Nogales, St. Crus Co., Arizona (F. W. Nunen-

mascher).

Spilodiscus militaris, Horn, 1870.

I have five specimens of this species; one of them is

entirely black.

Dendrophilus championi, Lewis, 1886.

Bickhardt considers the above to be a variety of punctatus,

Herbst—that is, that it is not specifically distinct. 1 think

that the form of the dorsal strie and the structure of the

sternal plates are sufficient to class it as a species dis-

tinctively different. ‘There is no question of the existence

of the differences, but Bickhardt doubts their specific

validity. I have only three examples, but I have seen

others and there are two specimens in the British Museum.

Bickhardt has similar ideas regarding genera; in his

Catalogue he sinks 47 genera, calling them subgenera. I

think the name of a genus unused should be placed in the

synonymy. ‘The late Mr. A, Matthews (Ann. & Mag. N,

Hist. p. 448, June 1892) says: “ genera are at the best mere

new Species of Histeride, 85

arbitrary divisions, depending on the peculiar ideas of indi-

vidual authors.” So here, again, Herr Bickhardt and I may

each retain our own.

In the Berlin Catalogue Xenonychus, Woll., is set aside

for Styphrus, which, I think, has no status at all; but Mero-

hister, Reitter, is admitted as a “ subgenus,” although the

name of Pacfolinus has a similar relation to it that Styphrus

has to Xenonychus.

Bickhardt also considers Saprinus immundus, Gyl.=

eneus, F.; Reitter in the ‘ Fauna Germanica,’ 1910, correctly

separates them.

Pachylomalus leo, Mars.

The type of this species is in the Genoa Museum and is

apparently a male, because Marseul tells us that the first

segment of the abdomen is elevated in the middle of tie

posterior border, and this is a masculine character. Had he

been describing the male of tuderosus, Lew., he could not

have overlooked the conspicuous tubercles on the pro-

pygidium ; he simply says that it is smooth and a little

convex. P. tuberosus in the Berlin Catalogue stands as a

synonym of victor, Mars., a species which is smaller and has

no marginal stria on the mesosternum. ‘The three species

named come from Java, Sumatra, and Borneo respectively.

I have also a species very similar in size to fuberosus from

Sumatra, in which the prosternal strize distinctly meet at

both ends and there are no lateral striz on the mesosternum ;

the specimen is a female.

Paromalus javanus, Redtenbacher, Reis. Novar.,

Zool. p. 33 (1867)

‘** Oblongo-ovatus, subconvexus, subtilissime vage punctulatus, niger,

nitidus; antennis ferrugineis; thorace stria marginali antice

integra ; elytris striis nullis ; prosterno bistriato ; mesosterno stria

bisinuata.

“Long. 2”", latit. 4h”

The species is said to be larger and shorter than P. com-

planatus, Panz., and I think that it is a Paromalus.

Dr. Redtenbacher’s measurements are incorrect, and my

reading of the diagnosis is that the mesosternal stria is

complete (being described as bisinuous), and the species

cannot therefore be referred to Paromalus schultheissi, Sch.,

a very common Javan species, and which has the mesosternal

stria widely interrupted.

86 Mr. G. Lewis on

Tribalus cavernicola, Lewis, 1908.

Oyalis, supra subdepressus, subeneus, nitidus; fronte concava,

supra oculos elevata, fere levis; pronoto basi transversim im-

presso ; elytris striis obsoletis ; prosterno striis utrinque diver-

gentibus; antennis pedibusque obscure brunneis.

L. 3 mill.

Oval, somewhat depressed above, brassy, shining; the

head, concave anteriorly with lateral margins elevated,

surface almost impunctate; the thorax is evenly, finely, and

rather closely punctulate, marginal stria complete, along

the middle of the basal edge there is a narrow transverse

rugose impression ; the elytra, dorsal striz short, oblique, and

ill-defined, dise and the pygidia are almost smooth ; the

prosternum, lobe marginate, clearly punctured and micro-

scopically strigose, striae divergent before and behind, keel

lightly sculptured ; the mesosternum, marginal stria very

fine and interrupted in the middle, evenly, sparingly, and

very minutely punctulate, transverse stria well-marked with

sixteen crenellations; the antenne pale brown, legs

obscurely brownish.

Similar in form and colour to T. capensis, Payk., but the

surface sculpture of Paykull’s species is densely punctulate.

Hab. Usambara; Tanga, in the Mkulumusi caves.

Pelorurus fee, Lewis, 1906.

Breviter ovalis, nigro-cupreus, nitidus; elytris viridi-cxeruleis; fronte

obscure punctulata, antice impressa ; pronoto lateribus punctato ;

elytris striis profundis, 1-3 geminatis integris, 4 suturalique

integris simplicibus ; prosterno striis lateribus interruptis et inter

coxas minute foveolato ; tibiis anticis denticulatis.

L, 43-43 mill.

Shortly oval, almost black beneath, thorax coppery, elytra

greenish blue;° the head impressed behind the clypeus,

surface finely punctulate with a lateral stria; the thorax,.

marginal stria complete, punctured laterally, basal edge

punctured, especially opposite the second, third, and fourth

strie; the elytra, strie deep and strong and somewhat

punctate, 1-3 complete and double, 4 complete but single,

also the sutural, in one example of three there is a short

apical oblique fifth stria; the propygidium is finely and on

the dise and base very sparingly punctured; the pygidium

is compressed, except at the base, which is impunctate and

like that of P. cregoei, Lew., is on the same plane as the

propygidium ; the prosternum, the striz are broken at the

—

new Species of Histeride. 87

cox, near which, on either side, is a small but distinct

puncture or fovea; the mesosternum is marginate and bi-

sinuous,

Resembles P. formosus, Sch., and cregoei, Lew., but it

differs by the fine punctuation of the head, deeper dorsal

strie (which have no specially wide interstice), and by

the interrupted prosternal striz and fovea. P. formosus and

cregoet have the head more distinctly punctured and the

sternal strive are similar in both species.

Hab. Bolama, Portuguese Guinea.

Pelorurus pumicatus, sp. 0.

Breviter ovalis, supra depressus, nigro-cupreus; elytris obscure

viridi-cwruleis; fronte tenuiter impressa, leviter punctulata ;

pronoto lateribus sat fortiter punctato; elytris striis 1-2 gemi-

natis integris, 3-4 posticis geminatis, 5 apicali, suturali integra

haud geminata ; tibils anticis denticulatis.

L. 53 mill.

Shortly oval, somewhat depressed above, thorax coppery,

elytra somewhat obscurely greenish blue; the head lightly

impressed behind the clypeus, surface very lightly and finely

punctulate; the thorax somewhat coarsely punctured laterally,

with a line of irregular points at the base before the scutel-

lum; the elytra, inner subhumeral stria is broken or

punctiform, and shortened at the base, 1-2 dorsal complete

and geminate, 3 geminate only in the posterior half, 4 double,

but apical only, 5 is single, short, and apical, with basal

puncture as an appendage, sutural single, very slightly

shortened at the base and approaches the suture posteriorly ;

the propygidium is clearly, evenly, and rather densely

punctate; the pygidium has a few irregular fine points ;

the prosternum, the striz are fine and not very clearly

impressed and the marginal stria of the mesosternum is

similar ; anterior tibiz denticulate.

The very fine punctulation on the head, the thoracic line

of punctures before the scutellum, and the form of the

elytral strie distinguish this species from its congeuers.

Hab. Harrar, Abyssinia.

Microchetes costatus, Macleay, 1871.

Lea states that the above, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 145,

1907, is identical with Epiechinus tasmani, Lew., 1899.

Macleay confused the Histeridz with the Byrrhide, describing

one as a Limnichus and the above as a WMicrochetes.

Macleay’s specific name has precedence to mine.

88 Mr. G. Lewis on

Saprinus dives, sp. n.

Ovatus, convexiusculus, «eneus, nitidus, elytris violaceis; fronte

dense punctata, stria antice interrupta ; pronoto antice utrinque

impresso; elytris striis 4 et sutural: connexis; prosterno striis

antice divergentibus arcuatim junctis; mesosterno grosse punc-

tato; metasterno in medio late impresso; tibiis anticis 7-8-

denticulatis.

L. 5-6 mill.

Oval, somewhat oblong, thorax brassy, elytra violet or

purple, pygidia bluish; the head densely punctured, stria

widely interrupted anteriorly, with a small but distinct fovea

on the vertex; the thorax narrowly punctured along its base

and widely along the sides and behind the head, behind the

eyes there is a well-marked impression ; the elytra, striz

inner subhumeral dimidiate, being shortened at either end,

1 dorsal reaches the middle, 2,3, 4 are a little longer, the

last joining the sutural which is complete, the interstice

between the first and second striz is strigose and there are

strigosities on the outside of the first, the dorsal punctuation

is very clear and somewhat coarse, and from the apex extends

over about two-thirds of the elytra; the pygidia are densely

punctured; the prosternum, keel with a few scattered

punctures and a marginal stria, which turns outwards close

to the base, but does not quite reach the edge, anteriorly

the strie widen out and markedly join behind the anterior

edge, enclosing a lobe-shaped area, near the middle of this

space the striz join a strong curved lateral carina; the

mesosternum is wholly and coarsely punctate and the

marginal stria is fine and very minutely irregular; the

metasternum is widely impressed in its median area, and

the punctures are smaller and arranged chiefly along the

base and at the anterior angles. Whether the metasternum

is impressed in both sexes I cannot say. The prosternal striz

and lateral carinz are framed on the same plan as those of

S. dussaulti, Mars. The colours of this species are very

attractive.

Hab. Pingshiang, South China (Dr. Kreyenberg). One

specimen in the Deutsches Ent. National Museum of Berlin,

and one in my own collection,

Saprinus equipunctatus, Horn, 1870.

Horn describes this species (Synopsis, p. 133, 1873) as

having the upper portion of the pygidium “ vertical and the

apical part horizontal”; but it is the basal or upper portion

new Species of Listeride. 89

which is horizontal and the posterior part has an oblique

outline when viewed sideways. In the Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.

p- 140 (1870) Horn states that the pygidium of eqguipunctatus is

‘very convex.’ Perhaps the sexes differ; I have only seen

the male. The form of the pygidium somewhat resembles

that of Teretriosoma chalybeum, Horn, a species not rare in

Texas. Near the posterior edge in the Saprinus are two

somewhat wide, shallow, transverse depressions in the male.

Saprinus walkeri, Bickhardt, Ent. Bl. p. 186 (1910).

No species has been described under this name, but the

name refers to a specimen that Walker had in 1871 (see Ann.

& Mag. Nat. Hist. xv. p. 468, 1885), but which has long since

perished. Iam indebted to Mr. G. J. Arrow for the following

memorandum from the archives of the Natural History

Museum regarding the destruction of Mr. J. K. Lord’s

collection, and I think that it is well to publish it :—

' © Dr, Keatinge, Director of the School of Medicine, Cairo,

wrote to me [G. J. Arrow] :—Dr. Innes (ex-Director) in-

forms me that when he was first appoimted to this School,

more than 20 years ago, he found that, owing to neglect,

nothing remained of Lord’s collection except the labels, the

insects having all been eaten.”

The Recorder of the ‘ Zoological Record’ of 1871 says that

‘© Walker gives a catalogue of 173 species taken by Mr. Lord,

followed by brief and insufficient English diagnoses of 2

new genera and 50 new species.” ‘The specimens now are

non-existent. The name of S. walkeri in the Berlin Catalogue

of 1910 therefore shows that a name in a catalogue does not

necessarily represent any known species.

Hypocaccus asticus, sp. 0.

Ovalis, convexus, eneus vel rufo-piceus, nitidus, antennis pedibus-

que rufis ; fronte strigosa ; pronoto dense punctato, disco postice

leyi; elytris dimidia parte postica tenuiter punctulatis, stria

suturali integra, antice arcuatim juncta, dorsalibus 2-4 dimidiatis,

1 subintegra postice sinuata; pygidio tenuissime punctulato ;

prosterno basi lato, striis postice abbreviatis; mesosterno levi,

stria transversa nulla; tibils anticis 4-dentatis.

L. 2 mill.

This species is very similar to rufipes, Payk., but the out-

line of the body is broader and more convex, the elytral

punctuation is finer and less dense, also the points on the

pygidia; the prosternum is wide at the base, one-third

wider than that of rufipes, the strie are shortened at the

90 Mr. W. Schaus on

base behind the coxe, but are otherwise like those of rujipes ;

the mesosternum has a few microscopic punctures, no stria

divides it from the metasternum, but the suture is indicated

by 8 or 10 small points. H. rujipes, Payk., has the meso-

sternum clearly punctate and a strong crenulate stria at the

metasternal suture, and the prosternal striz almost reach

the base.

Hab. Japan. I found it on the sand-dunes at Enoshima

in May 1880.

X11.—New Species of Hterocera from Costa Rica.—I1X.

By W. Scuaus, F.Z.8.

I aM greatly indebted to Sir George F. Hampson, Bart., for

the descriptions of new genera appearing in this paper.

Noctuidae.

Euxoa cartagensis, sp. n.

3. Palpi black, irrorated with brown; head, collar, and

thorax brown, tinged with violaceous, the collar with a

fuscous transverse line. Abdomen fuscous brown. Fore

wings buff-brown; the lines brown-black; basal and sub-

basal geminate dentate lines to below celi; antemedial gemi-

nate, interrupted, outwardly oblique from median to sub-

median, outangled below submedian; a darker annular spot

coalesces with line below cell ; cell filled in with dark brown

from antemedial to reniform, interrupted by the large round

orbicular close to subcostal; reniform large, outlined in buff

and filled in with dark brown and fuscous-grey scales ; post-

medial fine, lunular, the points projecting on veins ; the sub-

terminal fine, preceded by a dark brown shade on costa, and

dark dashes between veins from 6 to fold, followed by a fine

buff line and fuscous-grey terminal shadings except at apex.

Hind wiags whitish at base; veins and outer half fuscous

brown.

Expanse 38 mm.

Hab, Cartago, Juan Vinas.

Episilia cirphiotdes, sp. n.

3d. Palpi dark brown, tipped with whitish buff. Head and

thorax whitish buff; collar olive-grey in front, separated

Heterocera from Costa Rica, 91

from the whitish buff behind by a fuscous line. Abdomen

above dark grey, the anal segment whitish buff. Fore wings

whitish buff, with a few scattered black and brown scales; a

fuscous line at base below cell; the median and vein 4 to

outer spots finely dark olive-brown; a small cluster of dark

brown scales antemedially on costa and another below cell ;

orbicular a minute dark point ; reniform round, fuscous grey ;

an outer row of dark brown points on veins ; terminal black

points largest towards apex ; the termen shaded with brown ;

a dark streak postmedially between 3 and 4, and a brownish

shade above it obliquely to below apex ; a fuscous shade on

costa above orbicular and one above reniform. Hind wings

white ; the costal margin and apex shaded with fuscous grey.

Fore wings below shaded with fuscous through and beyond

cell; the median and veins postmedially streaked with

fuscous; a black discal spot; a postmedial black line on

costa.

Expanse 32 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Near Episilia rufisigna, Umpsn.

Episilia nezia, sp. n.

3. Palpi brown below, whitish buff above ; frons, collar,

and thorax whitish buff; vertex buff-brown ; a velvety black

transverse line on collar ; abdomen dark grey, the anal hairs

ochreous brown. Fore wings brownish buff; a black line

below cell from base to below orbicular ; orbicular and reni-

form small, slightly paler; a black streak in cell from close

before orbicular to reniform ; terminal dark points between

the veins. Hind wings thinly scaled, white; a terminal

brownish-buff line.

Expanse 35 mm.

Hab. Voleano Turrialba.

Belongs to Section II.

Nephelistis noctivaga, sp. n.

3. Palpi, head, collar, thorax, and dorsal basal tuft on

abdomen violaceous brown; abdomen dull fuscous brown,

with subdorsal buff hairs at base. Fore wings violaceous

brown, shaded with bronze medially between cell and sub-

median ; lines dark brown, the basal and postmedial out-

wardly edged with light brown, the antemedial inwardly so

edged ; the basal line indistinct ; the antemedial oblique on

costa, inbent along subcostal, straight to submedian, slightly

92 Mr. W. Schaus on

outcurved below it ; the postmedial outbent on costa, then

inwardly oblique to inner margin; orbicular large, round,

the reniform large, both dull lilacine brown, the latter with a

dark line near its edge; subterminal light bronze-brown

Junules, shaded with dark brown ; minute white points at end

of veins; short white streaks on costa beyond postmedial.

Hind wings fuscous brown, thinly scaled at base and along

inner margin, the veins brown; a dark shade on disco-

cellular; cilia light brown at base, followed by a fuscous

shade and tipped with whitish buff. Hind wings below

whitish, irrorated with brown, thickly on costal half ; a dark

spot on discocellular; a dark postmedial line.

Expanse 37 mm.

Hab. Volcano Turrialba.

Near NV. congenitatis.

Eriopyga moneti, sp. n.

3. Palpi fuscous, fringed with buff. Head, collar, and

thorax reddish brown. Abdomen above fuscous, with light

brown hairs dorsally ; anal hairs fuscous and light brown ;

reddish-brown hairs laterally. Fore wings dark red; veins

and lines black ; some ochreous shadings at base and below

cell antemedially ; antemedial line geminate in cell and on

inner margin, outcurved below cell and submedian ; orbicular

round, outlined in ochreous, close to subcostal; a black

medial shade; reniform oblique, inbent behind, irrorated

with ochreous and partly edged with white behind; post-

medial indistinct, geminate; subterminal partly shaded with

ochreous, especially above vein 7; buff points at end of

veins; cilia black, mottled with brown. Hind wings fuscous

brown ; cilia roseate buff.

Expanse 30 mm.

Hab, Juan Vinas.

Near LZ. renalba, Schs.

Trichestra mixta, sp. n.

¢. Head, collar, and thorax mottled lilacine brown,

greyish buff, and fuscous brown ; the dorsal tufts of abdomen

similar, Fore wings: the basal half and outer margin

lilacine grey, tinged with brown; basal line geminate, dark

brown, outangled ; the antemedial dark brown, geminate,

outangled below cell, outcurved below submedian, divided by

a greyish-white line, and preceded on inner margin by a dark

brown spot; orbicular a roseate point, edged with whitish,

and then dark brown close to subcostal; a dark brown shade

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 93

at end of cell, followed by a white line, and then a roseate

line on discocellular, the dark shade extending to inner

margin and expanding outwardly below vein 3 to a white

line which bifurcates at vein 4 and surrounds a dark brown

space beyond discocellular ; the white line outwardly edged

by the fine black postmedial line, which is followed by a

roseate - shade, all terminating at vein 8, the costa being

irrorated with lilacine and roseate and shaded with fuscous

grey, divided by whitish spots from above reniform to apex ;

some dark shadings close to roseate shade ; terminal dark

spots and faint subterminal whitish points darkly edged ;

cilia fuscous grey, tinged with roseate at base and divided by

a lunular white line. Hind wings greyish brown, somewhat

whitish at base; a dark discal spot; cilia whitish, with dark

spots.

Expanse 23 mm.

Hab. Poas.

Miselia umbrata, sp. n.

9. Head, collar, and thorax mottled brown and buff; a

velvety black transverse line on collar. Abdomen buft-

brown, irrorated with black ; dorsal tufts at base brighter

brown. Fore wings grey-brown, shaded with lilacine; the

costal margin and basal half of cell buff ; oblique black spots

on extreme costa; a dark streak at base below cell ; base of

inner margin shaded with fuscous; antemedial line outcurved,

faintly geminate, followed in cell by the orbicular, which is

large, buff, outlined in black, and below cell by a curved

black line ; reniform large, brown, edged with buff, and pre-

ceded and followed by a dark brown shade; a Iunular dark

brown line from reniform, suffusing partly with the inner part

of the geminate postmedial line, which is very oblique on costa

to vein 7, then inwardly oblique and finely lunular ; beyond

postmedial the veins are black, irrorated with buff; a fuscous-

brown shade between 4 and 6 from postmedial to termen,

crossed by subterminal buff spots; a fuscous-grey shade above

tornus, with subterminal buff spots at vein 2; terminal

fuscous-brown streaks between the veins; terminal buff

shades on veins extending on cilia, which are brown basally,

followed by a buff shade and tipped with black. Hind wings

fuscous brown, the cilia partly yellowish. Hind wings below

whitish buff, irrorated with dark brown; a black discal spot ;

a broad dark postmedial shade ; base of inner margin fuscous

brown.

Expanse 35 mm.

flab. Juan Vinas.

94 Mr. W. Schaus on

Miselia albimicta, sp. n.

?. Palpi white in front, mottled laterally and above with

light brown. Head white, mottled with lilacine brown.

Collar and thorax mottled lilacine brown, white, and green,

with a few black irrorations. Abdomen lilacine brown above,

laterally whitish irrorated with black, ventrally white and

ochreous. Fore wings chiefly lilacine brown ; base of costa

and cell ochreous green; a black basal line on costa, out-

wardly edged with white ; a black basal line below cell ;

antemedal line fine, black, shaded with white, outeurved

below cell, preceded by black and white irrorations on veins ;

orbicular and reniform ochreous green, broadly edged with

white, both constricted, the orbicular oblique, its white

margin suffusing with a white line below cell partly sur-

rounding an ochreous-green spot; the inner margin medially

white, irrorated with ochreous green ; the costal margin from

antemedial to apex epeted. with white ; postmedial fine,

black, dentate from veins 8-3, then straight, shaded with

white and followed by black irrorations and white points on

veins, except on vein 5; the outer margin rather broadly

white, irrorated with green, interrupted ‘by a brown shade

from just above vein 4 to vein 6, the white extending at

veins on to fringe, leaving broad brown lunules crossed by

darker lines on cilia. Hind wings fuscous brown ; cilia

white, shaded with light reddish brown. Hind wings below

white, irrorated on costa with ochreous brown; a dark medial

line from costa across discocellular ; sta postmedial deeply

lunular black line, faintly marked between 2 and 4 ; a terminal

lunular_ black line from vein 2 to apex; cilia shaded with

light reddish brown,

Expanse 34 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

LEIOSELIA, gen. nov.

Proboscis fully developed; palpi upturned, the second

joint reaching to vertex of head and rather slenderly sealed,

the third moderate ; eyes large, round; antenne ot female

somewhat laminate and almost simple : thorax clothed

almost entirely with scales and without distinct crests ; tibic

moderately fringed with hairs; abdomen without crests.

Fore wing with ‘the apex rounded, the termen evenly curved

and slightly crenulate; veins 3 and 5 from near angle of

cell; 6 from upper angle ; 9 from 10 anastomosing with 8

to form the areole; 11 from cell. Hind, wing with veins 3,

FlTeterocera from Costa Rica. 95

4 from angle of cell; 5 obsolescent from middle of disco-

cellular; 6, 7 from upper angle ; 8 anastomosing with the

cell near base only.

Type of genus, Leioselia egregia.

Leioselia egregia, sp. n.

9. Palpi, vertex, collar behind, and patagia lilacine

brown; frons whitish; collar in front greenish ; thorax poste-

riorly white ; abdomen light reddish brown. Fore wings :

the base pale green, crossed by a broken black line; ante-

medial space dark lilacine, with a large paler spot above

submedian, outwardly irregular, faintly edged with white,

and then by the antemedial black line, which is outcurved,

slightly lunular, interrupted on subcostal and median veins ;

medial space lilacine, suffused with green on costa, in cell

close to antemedial, and just below cell; the inner margin

green, mottled with white; a fuscous-brown medial curved

shade to submedian, interrupted by reniform; the reniform

narrow, greenish, outlined finely with white; postmedial

fine, fuscous brown, deeply outcurved beyond cell, heavily

marked by spots between veins 4 and 6 ; space beyond post-

medial to subterminal dark lilacine, the veins irrorated with

grey and white; the apex above vein 7 white, irrorated with

green; the subterminal from vein 7 wavy, whitish; the outer

margin greenish grey ; a lunular terminal black line ; cilia

brown, spotted with fuscous. Hind wings brown, tinged

with lilacine. Fore wings below with a dark line and spot

on costa before apex. Hind wings below white ; the costal

margin broadly irrorated with lilacine and dark brown; a

fine medial dark streak on costa; an interrupted dentate

ostmedial line.

Expanse 29 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Near M. marmorata, Schs.

Trachea nigrescens, sp. n.

?. Head, collar, and thorax fuscous grey, mottled with

lighter grey ; a transverse black line on collar. Abdomen

brownish grey, with dorsal black tufts. Fore wings fuscous

grey, faintly tinged with brown on postmedial space ; lines

black, indistinct; basal line deeply outangled on inner

margin ; antemedial outcurved, geminate, divided by a third

line between cell and submedian ; orbicular large, outlined in

black ; a brown-black wavy medial geminate line ; the reni-

form white, irrorated with yellow, edged by a black line,

96 Mr. W. Schaus on

preceded by a greyish and a dark line; the postmedial out-

curved from costa above reniform, angled at vein 5 and

slightly incurved, the inner part heavily marked, the outer

part very fine; the subterminal broad, irregular, with

branches to terminal line, and crossed by a faint brownish

line; the terminal line outwardly lunular; cilia dark grey,

shaded with brown. Hind wings grey-brown, tinged with

opalescent white on basal half where thinly scaled ; a dark

point on discocellular; a wavy dark terminal line; cilia

tuscous brown, tipped with white.

Expanse 33 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Near 7. impulsa, Gn.

Trachea altivolans, sp. n.

&. Palpi brown in front, laterally black; head, collar,

and thorax lilacine brown; abdomen brownish grey, more

darkly irrorated, anal hairs reddish brown. Fore wings

light brown, tinged with lilacine on basal half; orbicular

space outlined by a fine dark line, deeply toothed towards

base, outwardly sinuous, obsolescent below subcostal, followed

by a fuscous-grey shade from costa to below reniform ; reni-

form large, somewhat oblique, its outer margin incurved,

outlined in buff-brown, and containing a curved darker line ;

a fine black line from base below cell to a black shade below

vein 2, then inbent to middle of wing, angled to submedian

and outcurved below it; two fine oblique dark lines on inner

margin antemedially ; postmedial line vague, deeply dentate,

and fuscous on veins, followed by short fuscous streaks ;

termen fuscous grey, wedge-shaped between the veins, shaded

with dark brown next to subterminal area; base of cilia

brown, followed by a fuscous line and then by dark grey, all

interrupted by buff-brown scales at end of veins. Hind

wings whitish buff, the dark discal spot and postmedial line

of underside visible above ; veins greyish brown ; a terminal

fuscous line; base of cilia light brown, followed by a darker

line and tipped with white.

Expanse 36 mm.

Hab. Volcano Poas.

Trachea supera, sp. n.

9. Palpi and frons dark violaceous brown, irrorated with

white; vertex brown, with ochreous hairs at base of an-

tennee ; collar and thorax mottled dark brown and dull green,

slightly irrorated with white; abdomen dark grey, dorsal

tufts ochreous brown. Fore wings: base greenish, crossed

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 97

by a geminate black line, inwardly oblique on costa, outset

and inwardly oblique below cell; antemedial space dark

greyish brown, limited by the lunular black antemedial line,

which is faintly geminate, preceded and followed by some

dark green on costa; orbicular annular, black, filled in with

grey anteriorly ; a fuscous-brown shade below orbicular,

widening at fold to postmedial line, and followed by a

mottled lilacine and reddish-brown shade; reniform almost

round, green, edged with black and surrounded by a dark

greyish-brown shade; postmedial fine, black, deeply lunular,

outcurved beyond cell, outwardly shaded with dull lilacine,

a fuscous-grey line, and a dark olive-brown shade; the costa

green, crossed by black spots, partly irrorated with lilacine

white; the postmedial followed by some green on inner

margin; a subterminal irregular and broken green shade

from costa to vein 2; below vein 2 a yellowish-white line

angled on fold, marginal fuscous shadings widest at tornus

and vein 5; terminal black spots between the veins and

lilacine irrorations at veins; cilia crenulate, mottled green

and brown, partly tipped with white. Hind wings white at

base, otherwise dull fuscous brown ; a black discal point ; a

postmedial dark line; cilia with a light brown line at base

and tipped with white.

Expanse 40 mm.

Hab, Volcano Poas.

Near 7. leucodonta, Hmpsn.

Chytoniz cyanochlora, sp. n.

Palpi laterally brownish, fringed with bluish green, tipped

with white; head white; collar and thorax bluish green, the

former outwardly with a black spot ; abdomen fuscous grey,

with a faint whitish dorsal streak. Fore wings bluish green,

the markings black; a basal spot on costa, emitting a line to

submedian ; an antemedial line, bifurcating on submedian,

the inner portion oblique towards base, the outer portion

excurved, and connected with an excurved line below cell;

orbicular and reniform large, annular, contiguous; a broad

black shade from costa to between these spots and a heavy

shade from below reniform to inner margin ; postmedial fine,

lunular, dentate from vein 7 to inner margin; subterminal

fine, white, preceded by a black shade from above vein 6 to

costa. Hind wings fuscous grey; the apex and extreme outer

margin tinged with bluish green; a darker line on disco-

cellular and a faint dark postmedial line.

Expanse 27 mm,

Hab. Tuis, Esperanza, Sixola.

Ann. & Mag. N, Hist. Ser. 8. Vol, viii. 7

98 Mr. W. Schaus on

Eriopus dapsilis, sp. n.

¢. Palpi lilacine buff, streaked in front and laterally with

black. Head black, frons near proboscis lilacine buff; collar

black, crossed by a fine white line and tipped with lilacine.

Thorax mottled greenish buff and white. Fore wings black,

the veins and lines white ; a geminate basal line on costa

and an inwardly oblique subbasal line, concealed below cell

by a large tuft of long ochreous hairs which reach the ante-

medial line ; the antemedial remote from base, nearly straight

to submedian, then sharply incurved ; an oblique line across

cell from subcostal at antemedial, and beyond a finer line is

angled at middle of discocellular, the latter being irrorated

with ochreous scales, and is followed by another line also

angled at its middle; the postmedial consists of two parallel

lines, straight and oblique from costa to vein 4, incurved and

suffusing between 4 and 3, incurved and separate from 3 to

submedian, and partly suffusing on inner margin; a sub-

terminal and marginal line from apex, connected from below

vein 4 by a greyish and ochreous shade, becoming reddish

brown at tornus ; a terminal white line; cilia olive-grey and

white, shaded with dark brown between veins 4 and 7.

Hind wings brown-black ; a dark streak on discocellular ;

cilia below vein 4 ochreous, above vein 4 black tipped with

white.

Expanse 33 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Eriopus carmioli, sp. n.

3. Palpi reddish brown, circled with white at base and

end of second joint. Head mottled reddish brown and

lilacine. Thorax too rubbed to describe. Fore wings brown,

tinged with lilacine, a fuscous shade at base below cell and on

inner margin; antemedial line whitish, outwardly edged with

fuscous brown, incurved in cell, outcurved below it and on

inner margin; orbicular small, whitish, edged with fuscous

brown; reniform large, outlined in whitish, projecting poste-

riorly along vein 3; postmedial white, outcurved from vein 8,

slightly incurved below 6, from which point it is outwardly

broadly shaded with pale olive, inwardly shaded with

fuscous brown, and on costa shaded with roseate; subterminal

broad, silvery white, divided from below vein 6 by a brown-

black line; a white streak from subterminal on to cilia along

vein 4, and a similar streak from 6 to apex ; terminal black

lunules; cilia roseate brown. Hind wings fuscous brown.

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 99

Fore wings below fuscous; the costa and outer margin

reddish ; subterminal white points and a short postmedial

white line on costa. Hind wings below: the costal half

reddish ; the inner half white; a fuscous spot on discocellular ;

a terminal and two dark streaks above it at anal angle.

Expanse 21 millim.

flab; Avangarez.

Named after Mr. Carmiol, who kindly gave me the

specimen.

LOPHOMYRA, gen. nov.

Proboscis rather short and slight; palpi upturned, second

joint to vertex of head, third short; frons smooth ; eyes

large, round; antennze of male laminate. Thorax clothed

chiedy with scales, the pro- and metathorax with small

spreading crest; tibie fringed with long hair and scales ;

abdomen with dorsal crests on basal segments. Neuration

normal,

Belongs to the Xylomyges group.

Lophomyra tacita, sp. n.

Head, collar, and thorax mottled buff-brown, grey, and

lilacine white. Abdomen ochreous brown. Fore wings:

basal third of costa lilacine, with black irrorations at base,

medially shaded with light brown; outer part whitish, irro-

rated with yellowish green; a lilacine shade in middle of

cell, and a lilacine shade below it except close to end of cell,

where there is some greenish yellow edged with light reddish

brown; a fuscous line below median to antemedial, which is

deeply outeurved, ending in some fuscous scales above sub-

median; the inner margin broadly greenish yellow ; a white

streak on median at end of cell ; a median fuscous shade

oblique from costa, angled at vein 3, and interrupted on sub-

median ; postmedial space from vein 8 to vein 2 lilacine,

followed by a deeply dentate fine dark line, puanctiform on

outer angles, the line outwardly shaded with white, and also

inwardly on veins 3 and 4; a fuscous line along vein 5; a

subterminal fuscous-grey shade between 5 and 7, and a broad

yellowish-green shade from vein 4 to inner margin; the

termen whitish, shaded with grey above vein 2 ; a terminal

dark line; cilia light golden brown. Hind wings lilacine

brown. Hind wings below whitish, irrorated with buff on

costa; a deeply dentate dark subterminal line from costa to

below vein 6 and points on veins 2-4,

Expanse 31 mm.

Hab. Sixola, Juan Vinas. ¥

100 Mr. W. Schaus on

Monodes perigeana, sp. n.

&. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax lilacine brown, irrorated

with whitish lilacine. Abdomen grey-brown, with darker

transverse shades; anal hairs lilacine buff. Fore wings

glossy lilacine brown, with darker irrorations; a fuscous-

grey shade in cell between spot and below cell medially ; the

antemedial and postmedial very fine, fuscous, the latter

followed by dark points on veins; the orbicular and reniform

defined by the fuscous-grey shadings; small subterminal

dark brown dashes between the veins ; terminal buff points,

connected by an indistinct dark line ; a dark brown spot at

base of costa. Hind wings white ; the veins terminally and

the outer margin narrowly shaded with fuscous; a dark

terminal line; cilia shaded with light brown basally, tipped

with white.

Expanse 31 mm.

Hab. Carillo, Juan Vinas.

Monodes delenifica, sp. n.

6. Palpi dark brown, fringed with white in front; the

terminal segment white, ringed with dark brown. Head,

collar, and thorax olive-green, mottled with white. Abdomen

fuscous grey. Fore wings whitish, shaded with olive-green ;

the costal margin spotted with black ; two small black spots

near base below cell; some black scales antemedially in cell

and below it, followed below cell by a velvety-black shade

which borders the reniform below and outwardly to vein 6,

extending between 5 and 6 to postmedial ; the reniform large,

white, crossed by a faint greenish line and inwardly edged by

a black velvety line which does not meet the heavier black

shade below cell ; the reniform anteriorly suffusing with a

white costal shade ; orbicular a black point on an olive-green

shade ; the postmedial finely dentate, black from vein 8 to

submedian fold; the outer margin mostly olive-green; the

subterminal consisting of rather large black spots partly edged

with white; terminal triangular black spots, inwardly edged

with white; cilia green on basal half, terminally white

spotted with black. Hind wings whitish, thinly scaled,

irrorated with fuscous grey; the outer half darker beyond

the postmedial dark line; a small discal spot.

Expanse 26 mm.

Hab. Cartago.

Monodes renipes, sp. vu.

Head, collar, and thorax mottled dark and lighter brown.

Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 101

Abdomen greyish, thickly irrorated with dark brown. Fore

wings brown, darkest on costa and cell to postmedial and on

outer margin; the inner margin broadly buff; a darker

geminate basal line, broken and indistinct; the antemedial

geminate, straight to submedian, then outcurved, preceded by

a dark brown shade on median, incurved below cell, and

followed below cell by an ovate brown line; orbicular round,

whitish buff, edged with dark brown; reniform in the shape

of a foot with the toe pointed towards and almost reaching

orbicular, outlined in brownish buff; subcostal medially

fuscous, with a dark spot above it; postmedial geminate,

oblique to vein 6, then slightly incurved and angled on sub-

median, followed by whitish points and fuscous streaks on

veins 2-6; below reniform a brownish line, inbent below

submedian ; asubterminal black streak above vein 7 ; terminal

pale points ; cilia fuscous grey, paler at tornus. Hind wings

smoky brown, thinly scaled, showing the dark discal spot and

postmedial line of underside.

Expanse 29 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Monodes optata, sp. n.

Palpi dark brown, fringed and tipped with buff; head

buff; collar and thorax buff-green, the collar tipped with

buff. Fore wings pale olive-green; two small clusters of

brown-black scales at base of costa, and a similar larger spot

below cell ; a wavy whitish antemedial line outwardly very

finely shaded in places with dark brown; orbicular round,

white, circled with brown-black, followed by a similar shade

to reniform space, this space extending above cell on costa ;

reniform space consisting of a fine white line, a brown-black

line, and then darker green outwardly shaded with whitish

and a few dark brown scales; postmedial line fine, dark

brown, wavily dentate, outcurved around cell, shaded out-

wardly with lilacine grey and white; a rather large brown-

black spot on costa before apex, and small subterminal

clusters of dark scales between the veins, the largest between

4 and 5, the spots between 5 and 8 outset; a terminal black

line, interrupted by veins, its inner edge lunular. Hind

wings fuscous grey ; a dark discal spot. Hind wings below

greenish white; a large black spot on discocellular ; a post-

medial lunular dentate line; a subterminal fuscous shade,

obsolete towards anal angle.

Expanse 34 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Near M. orbiculata, Schs.

102 Mr. W. Schaus on

Monodes coherens, sp. n.

3. Head, collar, and prothorax dark brown, thorax other-

wise and patagia lilacine buff, with some whitish irrorations.

Abdomen dark grey. Fore wings roseate buff; a whitish

streak from middle of costa to inner margin near tornus,

edged with metallic steel-grey scales at end of cell, which

form the base of a triangular steel-grey line; the apical area

beyond the white line and above vein 2 dark velvety brown,

with a white line before apex; an irregular fine black line

near base; an irregular medial line, preceded by greyish

scales on median and submedian veins; a terminal greyish

streak on vein 2; base of cilia faintly spotted with grey.

Hind wings thinly scaled, shaded with brown, darkest on

outer margin ; a dark line on discocellular ; cilia tipped with

white.

Expanse 17 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis.

Monodes malaca, sp. n.

8. Palpi dark brown, mottled with buff ; head, collar, and

thorax ochreous brown, patagia fuscous grey; abdomen

fuscous grey, anal hairs light brown. Fore wings brown,

tinged with lilacine; a small velvety-black spot on base of

costa and a larger similar spot below cell; a pale brown

antemedial curved line edged with fuscous-brown irrorations,

forming a spot in cell; orbicular oblique, dark lilacine grey,

edged by a fine buff line, the inner part continuing as an

oblique line below cell to submedian fold near postmedial ; a

dark brown space between cell-spots ; reniform large, faintly

oblique, inwardly dark lilacine grey, edged by a fine buff

line; a fine brown line from reniform to inner margin; post-

medial outbent on costa close to reniform, fine, dark brown,

interrupted by veins, and followed on vein 2, fold, and sub-

median by dark brown scales; a faint, subterminal, irregular

dark line. Hind wings fuscous brown, showing faintly the

large discal spot and broad postmedial line of underside.

Expense 25 mm.

Hab. Tuis.

Very close to Al. callopistrica, Hmpsn.

Carbona cognata, sp. n.

3. Palpi buff-brown, darkly brown-streaked behind. Head,

collar, thorax, and fore wings bright brown, faintly tinged

with lilacine. Abdomen dull fuscous brown. Fore wings:

Tleterocera from Costa Lica. 103

antemedial fine, indistinct, black, inset in cell, obliquely out-

curved from median to submedian and again on inner margin ;

orbicular a small white spot; a faint median fuscous shade,

oblique from costa to reniform, then straighter ; renitorm

consisting of two fuscous spots at either end of discocellular,

the hind spot the larger; the postmedial faintly curved on

costa, consisting of a geminate row of black points ; the outer

margin shaded with fuscous; a terminal row of white points.

Hind wings fuscous brown; a dark streak on discocellular ;

a fuscous postmedial line ; cilia with a pale line at base and

tipped with whitish. Hind wings below whitish, thickly

irrorated on costa and outer margin with brown; the discal

spot large ; the postmedial line heaviest on inner margin,

Eixpanse 29 mm.

Hab, Juan Vinas, Cachi, La Florida.

Carbona lucens, sp. n.

@. Palpi and head brown, the collar violaceous brown, the

thorax lilacine brown ; abdomen dull greyish brown ; a dorsal

dark velvety brown and opalescent basal tuft. Fore wings

silky roseate brown; orbicular and reniform small, more

darkly outlined ; a narrow fuscous shade at base; a basal

black streak on inner margin; an indistinct fine brownish

antemedial line, followed below cell by a heavy black wavy

line ; the medial space below cell shaded with fuscous and

crossed by a darker medial shade, dark brown above median

and bifurcating on costa; a fine brown postmedial line,

fuscous, heavily marked, and incurved below vein 2, followed

by a fuscous-grey shade between 2 and 3; a subterminal

dark brown shade, suffusing with the dark brown outer

margin ; a roseate brown shade before apex and at tornus ;

an interrupted fine terminal whitish line; cilia fuscous.

Hind wings dark silky brown ; cilia fuscous, tipped with

white.

Expanse 26 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Perigea funerea, sp. n.

Palpi violaceous black, fringed with buff. Head, collar,

and thorax mottled dark and light reddish brown ; the collar

posteriorly and the patagia purplish black; the metathorax

and base of abdomen with dorsal ochreous-buff tufts ; abdo-

men otherwise fuscous, with fine segmental buff lines; anal

hairs ochreous buff. Fore wings violaceous black ; the inner

margin streaked with buff and black towards base; medially

104 Mr. W. Schaus on

dark reddish brown ; basal, antemedial, medial, and outer buff

spots on costa; traces of a reddish-brown antemedial line

below cell; orbicular round, outlined in black and reddish-

brown scales; a black streak from orbicular to reniform,

which is large, mottled with reddish brown, with a white

spot and some white points posteriorly and a few white scales

anteriorly ; postmedial slightly excurved, indistinct, tinged

with reddish brown, and followed by faint white points on

veins; subterminal velvety-black streaks between veins,

partly shaded with reddish brown; a terminal light brown

line with buff points at veins ; cilia black, divided by a fine

pale lunular line, and irrorated with light brown, Hind

wings fuscous ; cilia whitish yellow.

Expanse 25 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Perigea summota, sp. n.

Head, collar, and thorax dull brown, faintly tinged with

lilacine. Abdomen brownish grey. Fore wings dull brown;

the medial space and a subterminal shade fuscous brown, the

lines still darker ; the basal line very indistinct ; the ante-

medial outbent to median, then straight to inner margin; the

postmedial slightly inbent from costa to vein 4, then faintly

incurved ; reniform small, dull brown, faintly shaded with

fuscous ; a terminal dark line with white points at veins ;

cilia fuscous, with a brown line at base. Hind wings white ;

the outer margin shaded with black; a terminal black line

from apex to vein 2.

Expanse 23 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Near P. tetera, Wik.

Perigea illicita, sp. n.

Palpi, head, and collar whitish, irrorated with dull red.

Thorax whitish grey. Abdomen whitish grey, irrorated with

darker grey. Fore wings silvery grey, the lines brownish ;

some black scales below cell at base ; the antemedial fine,

geminate, outcurved below cell and on inner margin; a white

line medially in cell V-shaped, not reaching median, its outer

point downcurved along reniform and heavily edged below

with velvety blackish brown; some ochreous and reddish

shading in V mark and also across reniform, which is also

outwardly edged with white, and a fine velvety line, followed

by a dark grey and reddish shade; the postmedial fine,

black, inwardly lunular between the veins, and with white

Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 105

points on veins, preceded and followed by faint greyish

shades, all very indistinct ; outer margin shaded with roseate

brown; a subterminal whitish shade and a black spot above

vein 6; indistinct terminal fuscous spots ; cilia brown, spotted

with black. Hind wings fuscous grey ; semilunar terminal

black spots on apical half of outer margin; cilia greyish

white.

Kixpanse 34 mm,

Hab. Carillo, Juan Vinas.

Near P. agalla, Dogn.

Perigea eruginosa, sp. n.

¢. Head and collar lilacine brown; a yellowish-buff spot

on vertex. ‘Thorax more strongly tinged with lilacine.

Fore wings: costal margin lilacine grey, shaded with

ochreous brown at base, and with small yellow spots towards

apex ; base of cell similar, followed by a yellowish spot, some

grey medially, and a yellowish space at end of cell, the latter

crossed by reddish lines ; an oblique short white streak across

median between veins 3 and 4; space below cell and vein 2

yellowish, irrorated with red, except medially between lines

which is greyish ; an indistinct reddish basal line ; an ante-~

medial reddish line forming three outward curves below sub-

costal; a reddish medial line and a similar postmedial line

up and incurved from vein 3 to white streak, followed by

dentate grey lines on veins 3-8, finely tipped with yellow

and red ; the postmedial area between 2 and 5 greyish, above

vein 5 yellowish to apex; marginal reddish-brown shades

between the veins. Hind wings white, some slight fuscous

shadings on outer margin ; a dark terminal line.

Expanse 22 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Gonodes netopha, sp. n.

?. Head, collar, and thorax buff; abdomen grey, irrorated

with brown. Fore wings: the anterior portion from inner

margin near base to outer margin below apex pale buff, faintly

tinged with roseate in cell and near base below cell; basal

dark brown irrorations on costa forming a geminate line,

intercepted in cell and inwardly oblique, roseate brown,

between cell and submedian ; some fuscous-brown irrorations

from costa medially to 7 ; posterior portion of wing brown; a

blackish longitudinal streak medially below cell, edged with

reddish brown; a dark point on discocellular behind; a

fuscous streak from middle of vein 6 to below discocellular,

106 Mr. W. Schaus on

then incurved and outangled on submedian, the curved

portion outwardly edged with white ; a fuscous-brown spot

between 3 and 4, followed by whitish streaks to termen ;

fuscous-brown spots terminally edged with whitish at tornus;

cilia dark brown, streaked with buff. Hind wings whitish,

shaded with fuscous grey, showing the discal spot and post-

medial line of underside ; cilia pale buff.

Kixpanse 26 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

BRYOGRAMMA, gen. nov.

Proboscis fully developed; palpi upturned, the second

joint to about vertex of head and slenderly scaled, the third

moderate ; frons smooth; eyes large, round; antennze of

male somewhat laminate and ciliated; thorax clothed chiefly

with scales, the prothorax without crest, the metathorax with

depressed crest; build slender; tibie moderately fringed

with hair; abdomen without crests. Fore wings rather

narrow, the apex rounded, the termen evenly curved and not

crenulate ; veins 3 and 5 from near angle of cell; 6 from

upper angle; 9 from 10, anastomosing with 8 to form the

areole ; 11 from cell. Hind wing with veins 3, 4 from angle

of cell; 5 obsolescent from middle of discocellular; 6, 7

from upper angle; 8 anastomosing with the cell near base

only.

Type of genus, Bryogramma sisera.

Bryogramma sisera, sp. n.

?. Head, collar, and thorax white, irrorated with fuscous

brown ; abdomen grey. Fore wings white, irrorated with

grey ; a black basal line, outwardly edged with clear white ;

antemedial line sinuous, black, inwardly edged with clear

white ; orbicular oblique, white, suffusing with a whitish

shade below cell, which also suffuses with reniform ; a fuscous

shade in cell between the spots, containing a white line close

to subcostal ; reniform rather large, whitish, containing a

few dark grey scales; postmedial clear white, curved close

around reniform, and finely edged with fuscous scales, which

suffuse at vein 3; an incurved black line from vein 2 to sub-

median, crossing the postmedial, and inbent below submedian ;

space beyond postmedial broadly brownish grey to the black

subterminal shade, which is inbent at vein 5 and below

vein 2; the outer margin white, partly irrorated with grey;

a terminal black line interrupted by veins ; cilia white, with

a fuscous line and dark brown spots. Hind wings white ;

Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 107

some pale brownish irrorations on costa and outer margin

from apex to vein 3; the black discal spot of underside

visible ; a fine brownish postmedial line; a terminal black

line ; cilia white. Underneath the postmedial line is replaced

by a well-marked subterminal line.

Expanse 25 mm,

Hab.. Volcano Poas.

Neolita adin, sp. n.

?. Body pale buff, thinly irrorated with brown. Fore

wings pale buff, irrorated with roseate brown, chiefly above

submedian, in cell, and on outer margin; traces of fuscous

lines on costa; the antemedial with a few fuscous scales in

cell and on submedian ; a fine dark medial shade oblique

to a dark point on discocellular posteriorly ; the postmedial

remote from cell, outcurved, consisting of fuscous points on

veins; a terminal fuscous line interrupted by veins; cilia

dark grey-brown, spotted with pale buff at veins. Hind

wings whitish, shaded with grey ; a dark discal point.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab. Laguna.

Acidaliodes zattu, sp. n.

6. Palpi light brown; head, collar, and thorax grey;

abdomen darker grey. Fore wings acute, slightly excised

below apex, oblique below vein 3, grey, slightly irrorated

with brown ; the extreme costa light brown, with basal, ante-

medial, and medial small fuscous spots, and whitish spots

towards apex ; a faint, curved, antemedial brownish line; a

fine medial line oblique from costa across discocellular ;

postmedial more heavily marked, brown, slightly oblique to

vein 3, then outbent to near tornus, angled and oblique to

inner margin; a whitish shade on outer margin, linear and

dentate at tornus; a terminal dark grey line from apex to

vein 3, then less distinct and slightly lunular ; cilia yellowish

at tornus, otherwise reddish brown tipped with yellowish.

Hind wings brown, mottled with grey on outer margin ; fine

basal, medial, and postmedial lines of black irrorations; cilia

brown, tipped with yellow near apex. Fore wings below

fuscous, the inner margin broadly white. Hind wings below

whitish ; a marginal fuscous shade, chiefly near apex.

Expanse 16 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Near A. ewcisa, Hmpsn.

108 Mr. W. Schaus on

Acidaliodes elam, sp. n.

?. Palpi and frons light brown ; vertex, collar, and thorax

white; abdomen whitish grey. Fore wings excised below

apex and very oblique below vein 4, grey ; the costa broadly

white; dark brown spots on extreme costa except at base; a

darker grey antemedial line, followed by a whitish shade; a

postmedial whitish shade ; subterminal white, angled above

vein 6 and on vein 3, preceded by a darker grey shade from

below vein 5 ; outer margin tinged with buff; a terminal

black streak above tornus ; three terminal black points between

veins 4 and 7; cilia dark grey. Hind wings angled below

vein 6, then sinuous to anal angle, buff-brown, becoming

darker on outer margin; some fuscous irrorations medially

and on inner margin before a subterminal whitish line; a

terminal whitish line; cilia mottled grey and brown. Fore

wings below black ; the apex and outer margin white. Hind

wings below white; some black at base ; a broad subterminal

black shade.

Eixpanse 14 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Near A. truncata, Hmpsn.

Proroblemma rosea, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax dark grey ; thorax paler, shading to

lilacine roseate posteriorly ; abdomen brownish buff. Fore

wings lilacine roseate-brown crossed by numerous violaceous-

brown strie, more thinly at base, and partly suffusing on

postmedial area ; a black point as orbicular ; a roseate streak

on discocellular ; postmedial line roseate, excurved on costal

margin, and inwardly oblique from vein 7 to middle of inner

margin; apex shaded with roseate ; terminal black points.

Hind wings whitish tinged with yellow; terminal dark

points; the black discal point and faint postmedial line of

underside perceptible above.

Expanse 22 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Trogoblemma modesta, sp. n.

3. Palpi lilacine brown, fringed above with white ; head

and collar white, outwardly shaded with lilacine brown;

abdomen greyish irrorated with brown. Fore wings brown,

shaded with lilacine on costal and outer margins; scattered

black irrorations on costa and basal area; orbicular and

reniform consisting of a black point each; a faint postmedial

Heterocera from Costa Lica. 109

dentate, punctiform, whitish shade from vein 7, deeply

incurved at vein 3; terminal black points ; cilia dark brown.

Hind wings whitish; a discal spot and punctiform post-

medial fuscous line; terminal black points; some fuscous

hairs on inner margin. The female has the hind wings

suffused with brownish grey.

Expanse 19 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

ANABLEMMA, gen. nov.

Proboscis aborted and slight; palpi upturned, the second

joint reaching to vertex of head and very broadly rounded

with scales in front, the third short; frons smooth, with tuft

of hair above; eyes large, round; antennz of male minutely

ciliated ; thorax clothed almost entirely with scales and with-

out crests; tibie slightly fringed with hair; abdomen with

small basal crest only. Fore wing narrow, the costa arched

towards apex, which is produced and acute, the termen angled

at vein 4, then oblique; vein 3 from well before angle of

cell; 4, 5 from angle; 6 from below upper angle; 7, 8,

9,10 stalked; 11 from cell. Hind wing with veins 3, 4

from angle of cell; 5 nearly fully developed from well above

angle; 6, 7 from upper angle; 8 anastomosing with the cell

to near middle.

Type of genus, Anablemma lebana.

Anablemma lebana, sp. n.

3. Palpi and frons dark brown; vertex and body lilacine

grey, a dark brown dorsal spot on anal segment. Fore

wings lilacine grey, thinly irrorated with black, the costal

half shaded with brown; lines fine, brown, edged with grey

on costa, more heavily marked on inner margin; the inner

line nearly straight ; the outer line outcurved below costa

and inwardly oblique, followed on inner margin by a black-

brown spot ; a terminal brown shade, heaviest towards apex ;

cilia grey, finely streaked with white, and with brown spots

at tips. Hind wings grey, shaded with brown terminally,

and a fuscous shade at vein 2.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Anablemma ziha, sp. n.

S. Palpi and frons ochreous brown ; vertex, body, and

fore wings lilacine, with a few scattered black scales. Lore

110 Mr. W. Schaus on

wings: costa and lines olive-brown, the latter finely edged

with scales paler than ground-colour; the antemedial and

postmedial lines outcurved from costa; some terminal black

scales; cilia mottled with brown ; some black on cilia of

inner margin near tornus. The outer margin produced at

vein 6. Hind wings buff-brown.

Expanse 16 mm.

Hab. Banana River.

Anablemma harsha, sp. n.

3. Palpi and frons fuscous brown, vertex, collar, and

thorax whitish finely striated with buff-brown; abdomen

lilacine, with a black dorsal spot beyond middle. Fore wings;

the apex acute, slightly faleate ; anterior half olive-brown,

shading to lilacine irrorated with olive-brown on inner

margin ; lines fine, olive-brown, shaded on either side with

lilacine ; the antemedial slightly curved, the postmedial wavy,

outcurved below costa, incurved near inner margin ; terminal

dark velvety spots between veins, the most noticeable above

tornus and below apex. Hind wings whitish, the outer

margin rather narrowly shaded with greyish brown; a ter-

minal black streak before vein 2; discal point and postmedial

line of underside faintly indicated.

Expanse 21 mm.

Hab. Volcano Turrialba.

Anablemma necoda, sp. n.

?. Palpi and frons dark brown ; vertex and body creamy

buff ; anal hairs and a transverse brown fascia on abdomen

posteriorly lilacine and reddish brown. Fore wings creamy

buff, the costal margin shaded with olive-brown ; medial and

postmedial oblique brown streaks on costa edged with white ;

a few dark irrorations on inner margin and outer half of

wing; a fine medial dark line across cell; an inwardly

oblique heavily marked fuscous-brown line below cell, inter-

rupted by submedian, and finer below it ; a fuscous-brown

line on discocellular, preceded by an olive-brown shade ;

postmedial fine, inwardly oblique, punctiform, terminating

m a fuscous-brown spot on inner margin; an indistinct

subterminal brownish shade ; a fuscous-brown terminal line,

partly interrupted, and more heavily marked between veins

3 and 5. Hind wings yellowish buff; a fine postmedial line

downbent and more heavily marked on inner margin ; traces

of a terminal dark line.

Expanse 21 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Fleterocera from Costa Rica. m9 |

Lycaugesia hatita, sp. n.

9. Palpi mottled brown and white, head and collar white,

thorax ochreous and white ; abdomen grey, dorsally irrorated

with ochreous. Fore wings reddish brown, shaded with

ochreous at base ; the costal margin chiefly white; the apex

broadly white, narrowing to vein 4, and with terminal black

points ; terminal fuscous spots below vein 4 to tornus, shaded

with white ; a darker antemedial line, angled on subcostal

and inwardly edged with white; a white line across end of

cell, incurved and outbent to inner margin; a dentate white

line above inner margin near tornus ; cilia white above vein 4,

grey below it. Hind wings ochreous yellow irrorated with

brown, forming a broad subterminal shade; a white discal

spot followed by and preceded by dark irrorations; some

white terminally, crossed by a dark irregular lunular line;

cilia white. Fore wings below fuscous shaded with white

at apex. Hind wings below white, the outer margin broadly

fuscous.

Expanse 12 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Near L. rubripicta, Hmpsn.

Drobeta bullata, sp. n.

3. Palpi whitish buff, outwardly streaked with black.

Head and collar mottled brown and buff ; a dark transverse

line on collar. Thorax and abdomen above dark brown and

fuscous ; thorax underneath and anal hairs white. Fore

wings dark brown, strongly shaded with black on basal half ;

costal margin slightly swollen medially; an antemedial

geminate black line, filled in with dark brown, straight to

median, then inwardly oblique, and outcurved on submedian ;

orbicular, a small black ring filled in with dark grey scales ;

an indistinct medial black line; reniform brown, edged with

a few whitish-buff scales ; postmedial geminate, black, wavy

to vein 3, then inbent and straight to inner margin; a sub-

terminal heavy fuscous shade from 8-4, fine and indistinct

below vein 4, outwardly finely shaded with lighter brown ;

outer margin shaded with fuscous grey ; a terminal Junular

velvety fuscous-brown line, and buff points at veins. Hind

wings with the outer margin inbent at vein 2, and an

elongated fovea on vein 2 below, forming a raised globule

above, fuscous brown, shaded with white around fovea ;

cilia with whitish streaks at veins ; whitish hairs on inner

margin,

lixpanse 25 mm.

112 Mr. W. Schaus on

Female wings normal. Fore wings: the reniform space

whitish buff, surmounted by a white spot on costa; the

postmedial geminate line filled in with white, and followed

below vein 3 by a greyish-buff shade.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. Sixola, Banana River.

The female is very much like Lithacodia veternosa, Schs.,

but much smaller.

Parangitia temperata, sp. n.

?. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax buff; the patagia out-

wardly shaded with dark brown. Abdomen dark grey.

Fore wings: the medial area buff shaded with brown,

darkest near postmedial line, leaving the base and inner

margin fuscous and dark grey, tinged with lilacine, separated

by a vague fuscous antemedial line, straight from costa to

near submedian, curved and upturned below reniform, then

outbent to postmedial ; orbicular a dark brown spot sur-

rounded by lilacine buff; the reniform consisting of a brown

streak on discocellular edged with lilacine buff; the post-

medial black, geminate, outcurved, followed by a whitish

shade from costa to vein 6, and by dark grey shadings

below 6; a subterminal whitish line, preceded by a dark

velvety streak below costa, and interrupted between 3 and 6

by a dark grey terminal shade. Hind wings dark brown,

shaded with fuscous on outer margin; cilia reddish buff.

Expanse 23 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis.

Parangitia guanacaste, sp. n.

gd. Head lilacine buff. Collar medially and thorax buff ;

collar outwardly and patagia dark brown and _ fuscous.

Abdomen above brown with subdorsal buff lines ; a lateral

whitish-grey streak. Fore wings: the base brown, limited

by an oblique antemedial black line to middle of inner

margin, and crossed by basal black shade to submedian ;

medial space grey, crossed by a fuscous-grey line oblique

from costa between orbicular and reniform, angled below the

latter and incurved to inner margin; the orbicular and reni-

form outlined with fuscous grey ; the postmedial line black,

oblique from costa to vein 4, incurved and finely dentate,

parallel with medial line, followed by a brown line, from

costa to vein 4, and another black line which coalesces with a

terminal black shade between 3 and 5 ; some brown shading

above tornus; subterminal black scales forming a dentate

Hleterocera from Costa Rica. 113

line near costa. Hind wings dark brown; the costa whitish,

shaded with brown at apex. é

Expanse 24 mm.

@. Fore wings brown, shaded with reddish medially on

costa and below cell; antemedial and medial lines less dis-

tinct ; postmedial fine, black, the dark lines following it as

heavily marked as in male ; the apex shaded with dark grey.

Hind wings with the cilia ochreous brown, shading to reddish

brown at apex.

Expanse 25 mm.

Hab. Avangarez.

Angitia caliginosa, sp. n.

3. Palpi and head buff; a dark transverse line on vertex.

Collar and thorax fuscous brown mottled with grey and buff.

Abdomen dark grey irrorated with buff scales and crossed by

fine buff lines posteriorly on segments. Fore wings dark

brown shaded with fuscous; the base broadly fuscous,

limited by a faint grey-brown shade, forming the inner

portion of a vague antemedial dark geminate line; the

costal margin shaded with lighter brown ; a dark median

shade angled at reniform, which consists of a buff point ;

postmedial fine, black, geminate, partly filled in with buff-

brown scales, wavily oblique from costa, and slightly angled

between 3 and 4; subterminal shadings very indistinct,

forming a fuscous spot below costa, above vein 5; some

terminal buff-brown scales at vein 2; a terminal dark velvety

line ; cilia buff above tornus and below apex. Hind wings

fuscous brown ; a butf spot above tornus ; cilia luteous.

Expanse 23 mm.

Hab. Banana River.

Angitia ligneola, sp. n.

Palpi, head, collar, and thorax buff; two transverse

fuscous lines on collar; patagia outwardly shaded with

fuscous brown. Abdomen grey-brown; dorsal buff scales and

transverse buff bands. Fore wings buff shaded with brown ;

base dark lilacine grey, crossed by a brown shade and

limited by a black velvety line, incurved below cell, ending

near middle of inner margin ; orbicular a dark point; reni-

form large, oval, greyish with a darker line, and edged with

whitish buff ; a small brown spot on costa before middle; a

fine dark line from reniform to inner margin ; postmedial

fine, fuscous brown, outcurved and finely dentate, followed

by a fine brownish shade, most distinct below costa,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 8

114 Mr. W. Schaus on

coalescing with a fuscous spot at middle of outer margin, a

dark terminal spot above tornus ; apex shaded with grey ; a

terminal dark brown line. Hind wings fuscous brown ;

reddish and black scales at anal angle; cilia buff, shaded

with dark brown on apical half. Fore wings below buff-

brown, shaded with fuscous on disc and outer margin. Hind

wings "below pale buff-brown, shaded with white on inner

area.

Hxpanse 27 mm.

Hab. Banana River.

Angitia grandis, sp. n.

?. Palpi brown. Head and collar brown. Thorax

mottled agi brown and grey. Abdomen brown with a few

darker irrorations. Fore wings dark brown; a broad post-

medial fuscous shade on which a geminate velvety black

line is faintly discernible ; fuscous streaks above 4 and 5

to termen; a subterminal white shade between 2 and 4;

whitish marginal lunules below vein 2, between 3 and 4,

and a whitish line subapically ; terminal velvety lunules,

inwardly edged with white below vein 4, and with light

brown above vein 4; the apical area shaded with grey.

Hind wings fuscous brown ; a whitish spot above anal angle;

buff spots at veins on cilia.

Expanse 34 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Mictochroa dolens, sp. 1

6. Head, collar, and thorax fuscous brown irrorated with

buff-grey ; abdomen dark brown irrorated with whitish grey.

Fore wings fuscous brown, darkest medially ; some white

irrorations on costal margin, along submedian, and on veins

3 and 4 near cell; antemedial lighter brown, partly edged

with velvety black, inbent from median to submedian ;

orbicular round, lighter brown, edged with velvety black-

brown; an indistinct black medial line; reniform large,

lighter brown, inwardly edged with velvety black, and with

a small white spot behind ; postmedial wavily outcurved,

light brown partly e edged with black-brown, and with w bale

points on veins; an irregular subterminal lighter brown

line; an interrupted terminal black line. Hind w ings dark

brown ; a dark discal spot and fine postmedial line.

Eixpanse 27 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Heterocera from Costa Lica. 115

Mictochroa ambigua, sp. n.

6. Frons fuscous brown; vertex, collar, and thorax

roseate brown; abdomen grey with darker irrorations. Fore

wings roseate brown, thinly irrorated with black; lines

fine, black, the antemedial and medial indistinct, the post-

medial distinct, finely wavy and outcurved; cilia fuscous.

Hind wings fuscous grey; cilia roseate buff mottled with

black.

Expanse 26 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Chalenale noxia, sp. n.

Palpi, head, collar, and shoulders dark brown ; thorax and

abdomen creamy white irrorated with brown. Fore wings

creamy buff; costa at base and medially shaded with dark

brown; traces of an antemedial fine rust-brown line ;

orbicular a black point ; a broad medial shade, widest at end

of cell and on costa, its outer edge dentately outcurved

beyond cell, dark brown, inwardly shaded with rust-brown,

and with a fuscous shade on discocellular ; postmedial and

subterminal rust-brown spots between the veins, partly

suffusing ; marginal brown shadings broadest between veins

3 and 5; terminal fuscous spots between the veins; cilia

mottled black and grey. Hind wings fuscous grey.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Ozarba agraria, sp. n.

9. Head, collar, and thorax lilacine brown, shaded and

irrorated with black; abdomen fuscous brown with pale

transverse lines. Fore wings brown, palest on outer margin ;

base shaded with fuscous, with traces of a buff-brown basal

line ; antemedial buff-brown, outcurved below cell, shaded

on either side with fuscous brown; a wavy fuscous-brown

geminate medial line; reniform space to costa buff, with a

downcurved buff shade between 3 and 4, containing some

greyish scales ; postmedial buff, incurved, oblique from costa,

angled between 7 and 6, and 5 and 4, then wavy to inner

margin, edged with fuscous brown, which is velvety out-

wardly from costa to vein 6, followed by a fuscous-brown

shade and a velvety streak between veins 6 and 7 to sub-

terminal ; subterminal fine, buff, wavy, followed by a velvety

brown-black spot at apex; a dark terminal line, somewhat

116 On Heterocera from Costa Rica.

interrupted at veins; cilia mottled light and fuscous brown.

Hind wings fuscous brown ; cilia tipped with white.

Expanse 23 mm.

Hab. Tuis.

Bryocodia poasina, sp. n.

Palpi, head, collar, and thorax black, thinly mottled with

buff; abdomen buff, dorsally shaded with fuscous brown

and with fuscous dorsal tufts. Fore wings dark brown, the

medial space almost black ; some reddish irrorations on basal

space; antemedial geminate, velvety black filled in with

buff-grey, and slightly irrorated with dark red; a dark

leaden-grey spot in cell and one below it, both outwardly

edged by a curved velvety-black shade; a buff-grey line

above reniform, which is also buff-grey, crossed by a fuscous

line, sometimes strongly irrorated with white, and followed

by a fuscous shade in curve formed by postmedial, which is

also buff-grey, followed by a fuscous line from costa to

vein 3, and sometimes on inner margin by white; terminal

area irrorated with reddish; a subterminal fuscous shade,

partly edged with buff-grey and sometimes with white ;

terminal velvety-black spots separated by buff points ; cilia

fuscous grey, with faint buff streaks at veins. Hind wings

fuscous; the costal margin whitish; a dark discal spot and

postmedial line ; terminal dark spots; cilia light reddish.

Hind wings below white, thinly irrorated with fuscous; a

round black discal spot; a dentate postmedial line and

interrupted black terminal line.

Expanse 24 mm.

Hab. Volcano Poas.

Bryocodia saniva, sp. n.

9. Head, collar, and thorax buff mottled with brown;

abdomen buff irrorated with brown. Fore wings brown,

shaded with buff at end of cell and on postmedial area; an

antemedial buff line, partly edged with fuscous scales, and

nearly straight from costa to inner margin, followed by a

lilacine-rust shade in and below cell and an indistinct pale

angled line ; end of cell fuscous brown, the discocellular

broadly whitish buff, irrorated with ochreous and rust-brown ;

the postmedial whitish, outcurved and wavy beyond cell,

slightly incurved below vein 3, edged with fuscous brown,

and irrorated with ochreous buff from below vein 4; a dark

brown space on costa before apex; a dark line from post-

medial between 5 and 6, expanding on outer margin ; some

On small Mammals from the Upper Gambia &c. 117

terminal darker shadings above tornus ; cilia mottled ochreous

and dark brown. Hind wings fuscous grey, showing the

black discal spot and finely dentate postmedial line of under-

side ; cilia yellowish.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas,

NEOCODIA, gen. nov.

Proboscis fully developed; palpi upturned, the second

joint to middle of frons, moderately scaled, the third moderate ;

frons smooth ; eyes large, round; antenne of female ciliated ;

thorax clothed almost entirely with scales, the prothorax

without crest, the metathorax with spreading crest; tibizx

moderately fringed with hair; abdomen with dorsal crests

on two basal segments. Fore wing with the apex rounded,

the termen somewhat excised below apex and excurved at

middle, not crenulate; veins 3, 4 stalked ; 5 from just above

angle of cell; 6 from below upper angle ; 7,8, 9, 10 stalked ;

11 from cell. Hind wing with veins 3, 4 stalked; 5 nearly

fully developed from well above angle of cell; 6,7 from

upper angle; 8 anastomosing with the cell near base only.

Type of genus, Neocodia asna.

Neocodia asna, sp. n.

@. Palpi and head grey; collar and thorax grey shaded

with ochreous brown; abdomen above brown, with dorsal

ochreous tufts at base. Lore wings: basal half white,

crossed by a basal and antemedial dull brown line, and with

a broader similar shade between them; outer half olive or

ochreous brown according to light; a fine dark postmedial

line shaded with white ; the apex broadly buff suffused with

golden brown ; an irregular subterminal black shade suffusing

with a black spot on outer margin between veins 4 and 5.

Hind wings fuscous brown, thinly scaled at base ; cilia buff-

grey with some fuscous shadings.

Expanse 17 mm.

Hab. Guapiles, Sixola.

XUT.—List of small Mammals obtained by Mr. G. Fenwick

Owen on the Upper Gambia and in Fouta Djallon. By

OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

DurinG the early part of 1910 Mr. G. Fenwick Owen mado

an expedition to Western Africa in search of large game,

118 Mr. O. Thomas on small Mammals

with the especial wish to obtain a male Derby’s eland for

the National Museum. In this latter purpose he was un-

successful, but he brought home a female eland, besides

specimens of the local buffalo, hartebeest, water-buck, roan

antelope, oribi, and blue-backed duiker.

Of small mammals he obtained a considerable series, and

these prove to be of such interest as to deserve a special list,

in addition to the descriptions already published of Tatera

gambiana, Arvicanthis linulus, and Uranomys oweni*.

Mr. Fenwick Owen’s collecting was mostly done in French

Gambia, on the upper part of the river of that name; but

some of the specimens came from rather further south, in the

Fouta Djallon district of French Guinea—a region about

3000-4000 feet in altitude. More complete collections from

this latter region might prove of great interest.

Mr. Owen was accompanied by Mr. G. Russell Roberts,

who assisted in making the collection.

The whole series has been presented to the National

Museum by Mr. Owen, and forms a very valuable addition

to its African collections.

1. Cercopithecus biittikofert, Jent.

3. No exact locality.

2. Cercopithecus patas, L.

¢. B.41. Serekali, French Guinea. 3000’.

3. Cercopithecus sabeus, L.

6. B. 30. Sigon, French Guinea. 3500’.

4. Cercocebus fuliginosus, Geoff.

? (young). B. 35. Daley, Fouta Djallon. 3000’.

5. Hipposideros gigas gambiensis, K. And.

B. 23. Marakissa. 300’.

6. Petalia sp.

Five specimens. Dialacote, Gambia. 50’.

7. Scotophilus nigritellus, de Wint.

3. A. 64. Near Badi, Gambia. 40’.

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vi. pp. 428-481 (1910).

from the Upper Gambia &e. 119

A rare bat, only previously known from one specimen

obtained by Capt. Giffard at Gambaga.

8. Scotecus albofuscus, Thos.

6. Near Badi, Gambia. 100’.

9. Crocidura cinderella, sp. n.

9. A. 43. Gemenjulla, French Gambia. 50’. 18th

March, 1910. B.M. no. 11. 6.10.13. Type.

A very small drab-grey species.

Size among the smallest of the genus. Fur close and fine ;

hairs of back about 3-3°5 mm. in length. General colour

above pale grey (rather less drab than Ridgway’s “ drab-

grey”). Under surface cinereous, the tips of the hairs

greyish white, or with a slight creamy tinge, their bases

slaty. Handsand feet white. Tail of medium length, thick

at base, tapering terminally, the long bristle-hairs numerous ;

grey above, lighter below.

Skull small, its brain-case narrow in proportion. Second

and third upper unicuspids equal in area.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body,62 mm. ; tail 48; hind foot 11.

Skull: condylo-incisive length 19°6; anterior breadth 6 ;

interorbital breadth 3°8 ; mastoid breadth 8°25; upper tooth

series 8'l,

Hab. and Type as above.

No West-African shrews of this type seem to have been

hitherto described. From Morocco de Winton’s C. whitakert

is perhaps allied, but is of a whiter grey and has a shorter

muzzle,

10. Viverra civetta, L.

3. No exact locality.

2. B. 34. Daley, Fouta Djallon. 3500’.

11. Genetta genettoides, Temm.

@. B. 40. Fouta Djallon. 2500’.

@ (young). A. 27. Badon.

12. Heliosciurus gambianus, Og.

4, B. 26. Marakissa, French Gambia. 500’.

9. B.2

¢. B. 37, B. 39. Daley, Fouta Djalon, French Guinea.

3000’.

120 Mr. O. Thomas on small Mammals

13. Euxerus erythropus, Geoff.

g. B. 82, B. 36. Daley, Fouta Djalon. 3000’.

14. Tatera guinee, Thos.

Twelve specimens, various localities.

Described in 1910 * on specimens obtained by Dr. W. J.

Ansorge in Portuguese Guinea.

15. Tatera gambiana, Thos.

g. B.14,17,18. Marakissa, Gambia. 500’.

3. B. 12,15, 20 miles N.E. of Keduga, Gambia, 450’.

Described last year from this series, no. B. 14 (B.M.

no. 11. 6. 10. 36) the type.

16. Taterillus gracilis, Thos.

Six specimens. Gemenjulla, French Gambia. 50’.

Four, Gamon. 100'.

17. Arvicanthis setosus, Thos.

Nine specimens. Gemenjulla. 50’.

9. A.87. Gamon. 100’.

The type and only previously known specimen of this

species was obtained by Capt. Gifford in the Fra-Fra

country, Northern Territory of the Gold Coast.

18. Arvicanthis oweni, sp. n.

8 specimens. Gemenjulla, French Gambia. 50’.

A small striped species of the darbarus group.

Quite similar in external appearance, number and relative

prominence of stripes, and general colour to the Upper Nile

A. zebra, Heugl., as represented by a specimen from Fashoda.

Light stripes whitish or pale cream-colour, not the stronger

buffy of A. dunni. Under surface white, Ears buffy.

Hands and feet whitish, with buffy metapodial patches.

Tail long, black along its upper surtace, buffy on sides and

below.

Skull agreeing in size with that of A. dunni, but the

teeth rather and the bulle conspicuously smaller. The

latter are about as in A. zebra, in which animal the skull is

considerably larger.

* Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) y. p. 353.

from the Upper Gambia &c. 121

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 105 mm.; tail 114; hind foot 22;

ear 14.

Skull: greatest length 27-2 ; condylo-incisive length 24°7 ;

zygomatic breadth 12°5 ; interorbital breadth 4°3; breadth

of brain-case 11-7; palatilar length 11°8 ; palatal foramina

5°8 ; greatest horizontal diameter of bulla 5°53; length of

upper molar series 4°8.

Hab. As above.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 11.6.10.61. Original

number A. 72. Collected 14th April, 1910.

This is the first Arvicanthis of the barbarus group to be

found in West Africa. It is strikingly like the A. zebra of

the Egyptian Soudan, but has a smaller skull. From

A. dunni of the same region it differs by its less buffy

colour and smaller bulle.

I have named this beautiful little animal in honour of its

discoverer, to whom the National Museum is indebted for

the donation of the present valuable collection.

19. Arvicanthis linulus, Thos.

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vi. p. 429 (1910).

g.A.80. Gamon, French Gambia. 100’. B.M. no.

11. 6. 10. 69.

3. A. 46. Gemenjulla, French Gambia. 50.

6. No exact locality.

General appearance as in A. dorsalis, but with faint

indications of a light lateral banding.

Now that the skins of this interesting species have been

remade, they show on the shoulders and flanks indications of

a light spotted banding, apparently corresponding to the

prominent banding found in the A. striatus group. Indis-

tinct lighter spots are, however, often found in the lighter

forms of true A. dorsalis, and in A. linulus these are

unusually evident and in linear series.

The skull has a comparatively broad interorbital region,

as in A. striatus.

20. Epimys daltont, Thos.

3.8B.1. Upper Nicola Coba, Gambia. 500’.

g.A.75. Diakaba, Gambia. 100’.

This species was originally described as from “ West

Africa—probably Fernando Po,” but the close resemblance

that Mr. Fenwick Owen’s specimens bear to the type seems

122 Mr. O. Thomas on small Mammals

to indicate that the latter was obtained in the Gambia, where

Mr. Dalton also collected.

C. daltoni is a pale local representative of the group with

3—2=10 mamme, just as EH. gambianus, found with it,

represents the multimammate species.

21. Epimys sp.

Sixteen specimens. Gemenjulla, Gambia.

A large grey-brown multimammate species; perhaps

EE. erythroleucus, Vemm.

22. Epimys sp.

6. A. 10. Talicori, French Gambia.

Without a female example, to indicate the mammary

formula, I do not venture definitely to determine this

specimen.

23. Epimys gambianus, sp. n.

Twelve specimens from various localities in French

Gambia.

A small fawn-coloured or sandy member of the multi-

mammate group.

General appearance very much as in the Upper Nile

E. blainei, Wrought. Colour of upper surface sandy fawn,

as in desert animals commonly, very different from the usual

grey or brown of the other multimammate species. Under

surface creamy white, the bases of the hairs slaty grey.

Kars large, though rather smaller than in £. blaine’, oreyish

brown, their minute hairs white. Hands and feet white.

Tail rather longer than head and body, fairly well haired,

grey-brown above, whiter below.

Skull about as in £. blaine.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 95 mm.; tail 97 ; hind foot 22; ear 17.

Skull: tip of nasals to back of parietals 25; upper molar

series d'l1.

An older and more perfect skull measures :—

Greatest length 28°2 ; condylo-incisive length 26-1; inter-

orbital breadth 4:2; breadth of brain-case 12; palatilar

length 12°2 ; palatal "foramen 6°7 ; ; upper molar series 5.

Hab. of type. Gamon, French Gambia. 100’.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 11. 6.10. 87. Original

number A. 77. Collected 9th April, 1910.

‘This species, while quite unlike all the other multimammate

forms, is extremely similar to L, blainet of the Egyptian

from the Upper Gambia &c. 123

Soudan, but differs by its rather shorter ears, longer tail, and

slightly paler coloration. The two species 2. gambianus and

E. daltoni evidently stand to each other in the same relation-

ship that Z. blainei and £. butlert do on the Nile, and it is

possible that links will prove to connect the corresponding

species when the intermediate country is explored.

A specimen of this species has been in the Museum since

1844, where it was obtained by Whitfield and presented by

Lord Derby. At one time it was labelled “ Mus gambianus,”

and though I cannot find that this name was ever published,

I think it wiser to use the same term, in case I have over-

looked it.

24. Uranomys oweni, Thos.

Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vi. p. 451.

B. 25. Marakissa, Gambia. 500’. 3B.M. no.

biG. 20, 99. Type.

dg. As 95.

his is the most interesting animal of the collection,

as it belongs to a genus only previously represented by a

single Central African species, U. ruddi, Dollm., and it forms

therefore quite a fresh addition to the West African fauna.

A description of it was published last year (/. c.).

25. Procavia owent, sp. n.

9. B. 42. Nr. Daley, Fouta Djalon. 3000’. 19th June,

1910. B.M.no.11.6.10.101. Type.

A large hypsodont species with orange-buffy dorsal spot.

Size large. Fur short, of medium texture. General

colour above between “raw umber” and “ bistre.” Under

surface broadly washed with clear clay-colour, the bases of

the hairs slaty ; chin and throat mixed brown and buffy.

Face much blackened, but everywhere slightly speckled,

not deep black. Backs of ears blackish, a spot behind them

and the sides of the neck more or less buffy. Dorsal spot

oval, its hairs ochraceous buff throughout, not darker at base.

Arms and hands, legs and feet coarsely mixed brown and

buffy, the hairs edging the digits strongly buffy.

Dentition about as in P. lopes?.

A ao of the type (in Stage VI.) (measured in

esh):—

Head and body 510 mm.; hind foot 79; ear 34.

Front of incisors to back of m? 54; breadth of m' 81;

front of p* to base of m? 36.

124 Mr. G. Dollman on

Hab, and Type as above. :

This fine Dassie is quite unlike any of the described

W. African members of the genus, but presents considerable

resemblance to P. lopesi, Thos. & Wrought., a native of

Monbuttu, in the eastern part of the Congo Forest area.

It is, however, rather more buffy throughout, and its hands

and feet especially-are markedly more buffy than in P. lopest,

where they are greyish brown.

XIV.—New and interesting Mammals from East Africa.

By Guy Dotiman.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Cricetomys gambianus luteus, subsp. n.

A large light-coloured form allied to C. gambianus keny-

ensis, Osg.

Size of body large; general proportions about as in the

other members of this group. General colour of back

greyish brown tinged with buff. Hairs of back with pale

slate-grey bases, darkening to brownish in the apical halves ;

tips light buff-coloured or brown. A large number of pure

white hairs interspersed among the brown ones, apparently

due to senility. Muzzle and head pale grey washed with

buffy white. Sides of face and neck white tinged with buff ;

hairs with slate-grey bases and light tips. Flanks buff-

coloured ; hairs with brownish-red or grey bases and buff

tips. Backs of hands and feet grizzled brownish red ; toes

thinly clad with white hairs. Under surface of body buffy

white; hairs of belly with pale greyish bases and white tips.

Tail with terminal two-fifths of its length white.

Skull larger than that of the allied forms, equalling

C. ansorgei in general proportions.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 462 mm.; tail 381; hind foot 73;

ear 46.

Skull: greatest length (condylo-nasal) 80; basilar 65 ;

condylo-incisive 74:6; zygomatic breadth 36:2 ; interorbital

breadth 11°5; occipital breadth 28; greatest length of

nasals 33; palatilar length 38:4; diastema 26; length of

palatal foramina 9°3 ; length of upper molar series 12°2.

Hab. Igembi Hills, N.E. of Mt. Kenya. Altitude 6000

feet. ;

Mammals from East Africa. 125

Type. Old female. Original number 1894. Collected on

February 12th, 1911.

The very much larger skull and lighter-coloured pelage

are the chief points that distinguish this new form from the

allied race, C. gambianus kenyensis.

Acomys kempi, sp. n.

3d. 1735; 2.1736. Chanler Falls, Eusso Nyiro.

Related to A. ignitus, Dollm., but very much paler in

colour and with a longer tail.

Size of body rather less than in A. ignitus, skull con-

siderably smaller. ‘Tail comparatively long. General colour

of upper surface pale orange-buff, washed with pale slate-

grey down the middle of the back. Flanks pale orange-buff

(between yellowish salmon no. 1 and cinnamon no. 1,

‘ Répertoire de Couleurs’), very faintly speckled with

brownish, the general effect very like that occurring in

A. witherbyi, de Wint. As in A. ignitus and the other allied

species, the buffy tint on the flanks is sharply marked off

from the white underparts. Nasal region and forehead

washed with slaty grey. Backs of hands and feet dirty

white. Ventral surface white. Tail long and with well-

marked dorsal and ventral surfaces; caudal hairs as in

A. ignitus.

Skull smaller than that of ignitus, with a narrow brain-

case; zygomatic arches almost parallel; auditory bulle

small and uninflated, markedly different to the bulle of

ignitus.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 103 mm.; tail 106; hind foot 16;

ear 17.

Skull: greatest length 28°4; basilar length 21:5; con-

dylo-basilar length 23°7; condylo-incisive length 25°5 ;

zygomatic breadth 12°5 ; interorbital breadth 4°5; breadth

of brain-case (across squamosal region) 12; length of

nasals 11; width of palate (inside m') 3; length of palatal

foramina 6°5 ; length of upper molar series 4.

Hab. Chanler Falls, Eusso Nyiro. Altitude 3000 feet.

Type. Adult femaie. Original number 1736. Collected

on January 18th, 1911.

This species is distinguished from A. ignitus by its far

paler colour, longer tail, and very much smaller skull with

less inflated bulle. In general colour it most nearly re-

sembles 4. witherbyi, a species described by de Winton from

El Kowa, Soudan, but the dimensions of the two animals

126 Mr. G. Dollman on

are considerably different. The same applies in the case of

A. hystrella, recently described from Nimule, Uganda, by

Heller, the tail in the Nimule species being markedly shorter

and the general colour of the animal a great deal richer.

Acomys percivali, sp. 0.

G. 1742, 1756, 1762; 9°. 1743, 1744, 1747, 1749.

Chanler Falls. Eusso Nyiro.

A dark slate-coloured species rather smaller than A. kempi

described above.

Size rather less than kempi or ignitus. Feet and ears

small. Dorsal spines long and stout, more so than in kempi,

resembling in this respect Acomys witherbyi, de Wint.

General colour of dorsal surface dark slaty brown (dark

neutral tint no. 1, ‘ Répertoire de Couleurs’), some of the

spines tinted with rufous, in one specimen to such an extent

as to give the animal a reddish-grey appearance. Flanks,

sides of head and neck similar in colour to back. Line of

demarcation between dorsal and ventral surfaces less sharply

defined than is usually the case in this genus. Backs of

hands and feet dirty white, conspicuously grizzled with slaty

brown, a feature that is very evident on the hind feet

and markedly different from the white feet of the allied

species. Veutral surface pure white tinted with slaty grey,

many of the hairs having pale slate-coloured bases and

annulations ; the grey tint most evident on the throat.

Tail dark brown above and greyish brown below, the bi-

coloured effect uot very marked. Hairs on tail quite short ;

black above, silver-grey below.

Skull small and narrow, with comparatively long nasal

region and small brain-case. Auditory bull small and

rather flat.

Dimeusions of the type (measured in the flesh) :-—

Head and body 94 mm.; tail 85; hind foot 15; ear 15.

Skull: greatest length 27:5; basilar length 21:5; con-

dylo-incisive length 25°5 ; zygomatic breadth 12:7 ; inter-

orbital breadth 4°5 ; breadth of brain-case (across squamosal

region) 11°9; length of palatal foramina 7°4; width of

palate (inside m') 2:7; length of upper molar series 4.

Hab. Chanler Falls, Eusso Nyiro. Altitude 3000 feet.

Type. Old male. Original number 1762. Collected by

Messrs. Percival and Kemp on January 23rd, 1911.

The unusually dark colour of the pelage of this dcomys

distinguishes it at once from the allied forms. It is quite

probable that specimens of this species occur in which the

Mammals from East Africa. 127

reddish tint is much more evident. At the same time, i a

series of twelve specimens from the type locality the slate-

grey colour is dominant. In addition to the general grey

tint of the dorsal surface, the speckled feet, greyish-white

belly, dark tail, and the small size of the skull are all

characters that serve to distinguish this Acomys from the

other East African species of this group.

Acomys pulchellus, sp. nu.

@. 1757, 1776. Chanler Falls, Eusso Nyiro.

A small species resembling dA. kempi in general colour,

but with the spines on the dorsal surface shorter and more

slender.

In size and general proportions about as in A. percivali ;

tail rather longer. Hair on back composed of slender

spines, those on the hind-quarters and rump markedly

thinner and shorter than in the two species described above.

General colour of dorsal surface very much as in A. kempi,

darker on the head and down the middle of the back.

Flanks richer and darker in colour (between tan colour no. }

and snuff-brown no. 4, ‘ Répertoire de Couleurs’), the buff

tint sharply marked off from the white belly. Backs of

hands and feet white. Entire underparts white. Tail as

in A. kempi.

Skull rather smaller than that of kempi, with a com-

paratively broad brain-case and short nasals.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 84 mm.; tail 94; hind foot 15 ; ear 15.

Skull: greatest length 28; basilar length 21; condylo-

incisive length 25:3; zygomatic breadth 12:2; interorbital

breadth 4°5; breadth of brain-case (across squamosal

region) 12°5; length of nasals 10°9; width of palate (in-

side m') 3; length of palatal foramina 6:1 ; length of upper

molar series 4.

Hab. Chanler Falls, Eusso Nyiro. Altitude 3000 feet.

Type. Adult female. Original number 1776. Collected

by Messrs. Kemp and Percival on January 24th, 1911.

The small size of this species, together with the short and

slender spines on the dorsal surface, distinguishes it from all

the other Hast African members of the genus.

Acomys ablutus, sp. n.

A small species related to Acomys wilsont, Thos., but dis-

tinguished by its smaller size and less rufous colouring.

128 Mr. G. Dollman on

Size small; hind foot markedly smaller than that of

A. wilsoni. General colour of back dull buff washed with

brownish black, the dark tint more dominant down the

middle of the back. Flanks rather purer and more buffy in

colour, speckled over with brownish-slate colour, the general

effect much greyer and duller than in wilsoni, where the

flanks are pure rufous buff with hardly any dark speckling.

Face and back of head slaty brown, faintly speckled with

pale buff. Sides of face pale dirty buff. Lips white.

Backs of hands and feet and entire under parts white ; hairs

of belly white to roots. Tail, as in A. wilsoni, greyish

brown above and silvery grey below.

Skull much smaller and slighter than that of A. wilson,

with markedly shorter nasals and narrower brain-case.

Auditory bull less inflated and smaller. Cheek-teeth con-

spicuously smaller.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :-—

Head and body 77 mm.; tail 55; hind foot 12:5; ear 13.

Skull: greatest length 22°7; basilar length 17°5; condylo-

incisive length 20°7 ; zygomatic breadth 10°6; interorbital

breadth 4; breadth of brain-case (across squamosal region)

10:2; length of nasals 9; length of palatal foramina 5°4;

length of upper molar series 4.

Hab. Nyama Nyango, Eusso Nyiro. Altitude 3200 feet.

Type. Adult male. Original number 1820. Collected

on January 30th, 1911.

The smaller size and much less rufous colouring readily

distinguish this Eusso Nyiro Acomys from the Mombassa

species, A. wilsoni.

Arvicanthis massaicus, Pagenst.

GS. 1441, 1442, 1449, 1453, 1455, 1465, 1494, 1509, 1518 ;

@. 1456, 1460, 1468, 1479, 14938, 1495, 1510, 1512.

Rumruti, Laikipia Plateau.

Arvicanthis pumilio, Sparr.

3+ 1580, 1581, 1585, 1587, 1600, 1606, 1609, 1623, 1628,

1634, 1640, 1683; 9. 1584, 1588, 1599, 1602, 1607, 1616,

1638, 1643, 1645, 1652, 1669. Solai, Mt. Kenya.

Arvicanthis rumruti, sp. n.

gd. 14138, 1432, 1440, 1457; 9. 1415, 1416, 1426, 14.44,

1456. Rumruti, Laikipia Plateau.

A small light-coloured species allied to 4. abyssinicus

preceps, Wrought.

Mammals from East Africa. 129

Size rather small, not very much larger than 4. somalicus,

Thos. General colour of upper surface pale greyish brown,

faintly tinted with a light straw-coloured wash, but not in

any way approaching the buffy coloration of A. abyssinicus

preceps. Face and head greyish; muzzle not markedly

buff-coloured. Ocular rings ‘pale buff, much less evident than

in the allied forms. Ears clothed with short grey hairs, faintly

tinted with buff; a character that at once distinguishes this

species from the Somaliland Arvicanthis, in which the ears are

bright orange. Flanks paler and greyer than back, the grey

tint passing fairly abruptly into the white of the ventral

surface. Backs of hands and feet greyish, faintly washed

with pale buff. Under surface of body white, hairs with

grey bases and white tips. Tail as in A. a. preceps, the

ventral surface rather less buffy.

Skull small, in size hardly greater than that of A. somalicus ;

molar teeth much smaller than in the allied species.

Dimensions of the type eee in the flesh) :—

Head and body 129 mm.; tail 92; hind foot 27; ear 17.

Skull: greatest length 31° 8; basilar length 26°71; con-

dylo-incisive length 30 ; zyzomatic breadth 16; interorbital

constriction 4°3; breadth of brain-case (across squamosal

region) 13°2; length of nasals 12; palatilar length 143;

length of palatal foramina 7; width of palate (inside m’) 2°5 ;

postpalatal length 11-7 ; length of upper molar series 5’9.

Hab. Rumruti, Laikipia Plateau. Altitude 6,500 feet.

Type. Old male. Original number 1413. Collected on

October 25th, 1910.

This Rumruti Arvicanthis is at once recognized by its

small size and the exceedingly pale colour of the pelage.

The white under surface is a further character that serves to

distinguish this species from the Naivasha race of abys-

sinicus, A. a. preceps.

It is interesting to note that Mr. Kemp found A. abys-

sinicus preceps living side by side with this small greyish

species, and further, that a series of specimens collected at

Baringo appear also to represent the Naivasha species.

Arvicanthis reptans, sp. n.

A small form allied to A. somalicus, Thos.

Size rather less than in somalicus. General colour of

dorsal surface pinkish brown speckled with black, the black

tint most evident down the middle of the back. Flanks

purer in colour than back, the general effect more buffy ,

buff tint of flanks sharply differentiated from the white belly.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 9

130 Mr. G. Dollman on

Hairs of back with black bases, buff-coloured subterminal

rings, and dark tips. Head and face much the same colour

as back. Ocular rings, nose, and ears bright orange-buff.

Backs of hands and feet light buffy orange. Under surface

of body greyish white tinted with buff; the buff tint in some

cases almost entirely absent. Tail as in A. somalicus, dark

blackish brown above and light buff below.

Skull like that of somalicus but smaller and less elongate.

Molar teeth rather small.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 113 mm. ; tail 89; hind foot 25; ear 13.

Skull: greatest length 29; basilar length 24; condylo-

incisive length 26; zygomatic breadth 16; interorbital

constriction 4°8; breadth of brain-case (across squamosal

region) 12; length of nasals 11; palatilar length 12°5;

length of palatal foramina 6; length of upper molar

series 6.

Hab. Nyama Nyango, Eusso Nyiro. Altitude 3000 feet.

Type. Old male. Original number 1787. Collected on

January 25th, 1911.

The darker and richer colour of the pelage, together with

the smaller size, are the chief characters that distinguish

this species from the Somaliland form.

Arvicanthis chanleri, sp. n.

A large-sized species of the somalicus group.

In general colour very much as in the foregoing species,

rather lighter and yellower. Ears, nose, ocular rings, and

backs of hands and feet buffy orange. Flanks washed with

a rich buffy tint. Ventral surface white tinged with buff.

Tail as in somalicus.

Skull much larger than that of somalicus, in general

proportions equalling the abyssinicus group.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 131 mm.; tail 122; hind foot 23

ear 145.

Skull: greatest length 34; basilar length 27; condylo-

incisive length 81; zygomatic breadth 17; interorbital

constriction 4°8; breadth of brain-case (across squamosal

region) 12-4; length of nasals 11'7; palatilar length 14:2 ;

length of palatal foramina 6°6; length of upper molar

series 6°5.

Hab. Chanler Falls, Eusso Nyiro. Altitude 3000 feet.

Type. Adult female. Original number 1769. Collected

January 23rd, 1911.

Mammals from East Africa. 131

This species is readily distinguished from both somalicus

and the form described above by its far greater size, a

character that is very evident on examination of the skulls.

Lophiomys ibeanus hindei, Thos.

3. 1539, 1651, 1665; ¢. 1535, 1564, 1650, 1666.

Solai, Mt. Kenya.

Lepus victorie, Thos.

3. 1828, 1347, 1350, 1362, 1374, 1379, 1382, 1398 ;

9. 1322, 1323, 1329, 1384, 1341, 1348, 1361, 1861.

Baringo.

3S. 1417, 1433, 1486 ; 2. 1427, 1428, 1429, 1435, 1437.

Rumruti, Laikipia Plateau.

Lepus crawshayi, Thos.

6. 1418, 1419; 9. 1430. Rumruti, Laikipia Plateau.

Dendrohyraz crawshayi laikipia, subsp. n.

6. 1447, 1452, 1476, 1511; ¢. 1446, 1505. Rumruti,

Laikipia Plateau.

A pale-coloured race of the Kenya species D. crawshayi,

Thos,

Size and general proportions as in D. crawshayi. General

colour of dorsal surface greyish brown tinged with yellow,

the general effect much paler and less tawny than in

crawshayi. WUairs of back slaty brown with blackish tips ;

subterminal rings pale yellowish white. Dorsal spot as in

crawshayi. Sides of face and neck grey, hairs with brownish

bases, white subterminal rings, aud dark tips. Muzzle and

crest on head brownish. Flanks very similar in colour to

back, strikingly different from the dark tawny coloration

met with in D. crawshayi. Backs of hands and feet grey

washed over with blackish brown. Underparts white faintly

tinted with pale buff. Hairs of belly white with pale greyish

bases. Throat and underside of neck rather darker than rest

of ventral surface, hairs slaty brown with white tips. Chin

brownish grey speckled with white.

Skull like that of D. crawshayi.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :-—

Head and body 477 mm.; hind foot 66°5 ; ear 382.

Skull: basal length 88; condylo-incisive length 95 ;

zygomatic breadth 56°6 ; length of nasals 24; greatest width

across nasals 20°53; palatal length 49; width of palate

132 Mr. W. L. Distant on new

(inside m!) 16°5; post-palatal length 40; length of maxillary

tooth-row 37.

Hab. Rumruti, Laikipia Plateau. Altitude 6000 feet.

Type. Adult male. Original number 1476. Collected on

November 4th, 1910.

This Laikipia Dassie is distinguished from the Kenya

form by its far paler colour, both of the dorsal and veutral

surfaces.

Mr. Kemp, while collecting on the Aberdare Mountains

in the early part of last year, ‘obtained several specimens of

Dendrohyrax, and these appear to be quite similar to the

Laikipia series and may be regarded as representatives of the

Same race.

XV.—New Genera and Species of Cicadide.

By W. L. Distant.

Genus RIHANA.

Rihana, Dist. Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xix. p. 426 (1904),

Type, R. ochracea, Walk.

Rihana numida, sp. un.

Head and pronotum black; head with a basal triangular

spot, an apical spot and the transverse lateral carinatious to

front, lateral margins, ocelli, and irregular spots between

ocelli and eyes on vertex, dull reddish; pronotum black, much

suffused with dull reddish, basal and lateral margins ochra-

ceous, interiorly narrowly margined with black ; mesonotum

black, the lateral margins, the margins of two central ob-

conical spots connected with anterior angles of basal cruci-

form elevation, which is of the same colour, dull reddish,

anterior angle of cruciform elevation annulated with black ;

margins of mesonotum ochraceous ; abdomen above black,

a greyish spot on each side of second abdominal segment,

anal segment reddish ochraceous at base, with a central

black spot; body beneath and legs ochraceous; face and

abdomen more testaceous, the former with the interspaces

between the transverse carinations black; sternum and

lateral abdominal margins somewhat longly palely pilose ;

tegmina and wings hy aline, the former on basal two-thirds

moderately tinted with ochraceous, the costal membrane and

Genera and Species of Cicadide. 133

venation ochraceous, darker towards apex, wing-venation

similarly coloured; length of head more than half the

breadth of space between eyes ; face convexly prominent ;

opercula not reaching the basal abdominal segment, mode-

rately overlapping at their inner margins, apices broadly

convexly rounded, the margins distinctly reflexed; rostrum

reaching the posterior coxe.

6. Long., excl. tegm., 26 mm.; exp. tegm. 73 mm.

# 22 35 ris Gaay

Hab. China (3, Brit Mus.; ?, Geneva Mus.).

Genus CryproryMPANA.

Cryptotympana, Stal, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr, (4) i. p. 613 (1861).

Type, C. pustulata, Fabr.

Cryptotympana viridipennis, sp. n.

do. Head black, between front and vertex a transverse

fasciate series of ochraceous hairs; pronotum black, the

anterior margin narrowly, the posterior margin broadly, a

central longitudinal fascia neither reaching anterior nor

posterior margins, and an oblique fascia between the incisures,

greenish ochraceous ; mesonotum greenish ochraceous, four

obconical spots proceeding from the anterior margin (the two

central spots shorter), the lateral margins (excluding apex),

and a spot at each anterior angle of the basal cruciform

elevation black ; abdomen above and tympana black ; body

beneath and legs black ; intermediate and posterior femora

above more or less castaneous, posterior tibiz with a pale

-annulation near base; sternum thickly ochraceously pilose ;

tegmina and wings hyaline, the former for less than half

from base to apex, and the latter for more than half from

base to apex, olivaceous green, the bases of both tegmina and

wings black; opercula reaching the base of the fourth

abdominal segment, their lateral margins and apex more or

less ochraceous, inner margins divergent, concavely sinuate,

apices roundly angulated; face with a central ochraceous

longitudinal line at base, the transverse striations ochra-

ceously pilose.

6. Long., excl. tegm., 44 mm.; exp. tegm. 146 mm.

Hab. Sumatra; Battak Mts. (Brit. Mus.).

Genus Proarna.

Proarna, Stal, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxv. p. 61 (1864).

Type, P. hilaris, Germ.

13+ Mr. W. L. Distant on new

Proarna venosa.

Prunasis venosa, Uhler, Ent. Amer. iv. p. 82 (1888); Dist. Prunasis,

Syn. Cat. Hom., Cicad. p. 152 (1906).

Hab. Texas; Dallas (Geneva and Brit. Mus.).

Genus PacaRINa.

Pacarina, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xv. p. 314 (1905).

Type, P. signifera, Walk.

Pacarina signifera.

Cicada signifera, Walk. List Hom., Suppl. p. 22 (1858).

Pacarina signifera, Dist. Syn, Cat. Homop., Cicad. p. 89 (1906).

This species I only previously knew from Central America.

The Geneva Museum possesses a series of specimens taken

at Dallas, Texas. Some of these agree with the typical

form, others have the spots to the mesonotum nearly con-

fluent, thus giving it an almost black appearance. Others,

apparently bleached specimens, have nearly all the macular

markings obliterated, including those on the tegmina.

Genus SELYMBRIA.

Selymbria, Stal, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (4) i. p. 615 (1861).

Type, S. stigmatica, Germ.

Selymbria pandora, sp. n.

&@. Body above dull ochraceous, abdomen more testaceous ;

head with the area of the ocelli, and a large semicircular spot

occupying the whole base of front, black ; pronotum with

two curved discal black lines on each side ; mesonotum with

four obconical spots at anterior margin, the two central spots

shortest and only margined with black, the lateral spots

largest and irregularly black, a branched triangular spot in

front of the basal cruciform elevation, a spot in front of each

anterior angle of the latter, and a basal lateral marginal

spot, black; head beneath, sternum, and legs ochraceous ;

face and tarsi castaneous, the former very strongly blackly

suleate from a little before base to apex, the transverse

carinations also black, between face and eyes the head is

very thickly greyishly pilose; tegmina and wings pale

Genera and Species of Cicadide. 135

hyaline, both narrowly testaceous at their bases, venation

and costal membrane to tegmina pale greenish.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum olivaceous green;

area of the ocelli black ; carinations and a basal central spot

to front, lateral areas of vertex before eyes, an oblique space

on each side of pronotum between the fissures and behind

eyes, two obconical anterior spots, a central basal lanceolate

spot, a marginal basal spot, and a small spot at each anterior

angle of the basal cruciform elevation on mesonotum, pale

castaneous or piceous; abdomen dull ochraceous; head

beneath, sternum, and legs pale greenish; abdomen beneath

dull ochraceous; tegmina and wings pale hyaline, both

narrowly testaceous red at base, costal membrane and

veins of tegmina and wings pale greenish ; head (including

eyes) broader than base of mesonotum, front a little longer

than vertex, their margins not continuous, a short linear

central impression at base of frout, a similar but broader

impression at base of vertex ; body above finely, irregularly,

palely pilose ; face beneath centr ally piceous, the transverse

carinations pale castaneous ; basal and lateral margins and

apex of clypeus piceous ; rostrum reaching the intermediate

coxe, its apex black.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 21, 2 22 mm.; exp. tegm., ¢ 55,

9 67 mm.

Hab. Brazil; Espirito Santo (Brit. Mus.).

IMBABURA, gen. Nov.

@. Head broader between the eyes than long, front sub-

angulate, lateral margins of the vertex distinctly lobately

memi-erect above the eeerion of the antennz, eyes large,

longer than broad, projecting moderately beyond the ante-

rior pronotal angles ; pronotum subquadrate, subconvex,

about as long as mesonotum including the basal cruciform

elevation, which is transverse, a little broader than long ;

abdomen about as long as space between apex of head and

base of cruciform elevation ; rostrum about or almost reaching

the posterior cox; anterior femora thickened, with about

three long spines ‘beneath, tibiz spinulose ; tympana com-

pletely exposed; tegmina elongate, about three times as

long as greatest breadth, eight, apical areas, the upper two

short, the lowermost shortest, costal membrane and post-

costal area narrow ; wings short and narrow, about half the

length of the tegmina, apical areas four.

Allied to Neleyndana by the venation of the wings, which

have only four apical areas.

136 Mr. W. L. Distant on new

Imbabura typica, sp. u.

?. Body and legs ochraceous; pronotum slightly darker,

with the fissures narrow but distinct ; abdomen above darker

on apical area (yuery: stain?) ; face and clypeus distinctly

centrally longitudinally ridged; apex of rostrum black ;

tarsi more or less castaneous ; tegmina aud wings hyaline,

the first very lightly and obscurely tinged with pale bronzy

on anterior half, basal veins, costal membrane, and post-

costal area ochraceous, remaining venation piceous, a short

basal piceous streak at lower base of tegmina.

Long., excl. tegm., 2 95mm. ; exp. tegm. 30 mm.

Hab, N.W. Ecuador; Rio Durango, 350 feet (Brit. Mus.).

DvuRANGONA, gen. nov.

Head about as long as breadth between eyes, which are

large, prominent, and distinctly produced beyond the ante-

rior angles of the pronotum, front somewhat triangularly

produced, almost as long as broad at base, its lateral margins

and those of vertex discontinuous, vertex a little longer than

front, ocelli between eyes, the two posterior at basal margin

of head ; pronotum scarcely longer than head, its lateral

margins somewhat straight but narrowed at anterior angles,

its posterior angles distinctly laterally produced ; mesonotum

(including cruciform elevation) a little longer than pro-

notum; abdomen somewhat strongly dilated in male,

centrally arched and carinate above, distinctly longer than

space between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation ;

tympana entirely exposed ; opercula in male short, not quite

covering the cavity, their apical margins rounded, their inner

angles widely separated ; rostrum about reaching the inter-

mediate coxe; anterior femora with three long spines

beneath ; tegmina and wings hyaline, tegmina with eight,

wings with five apical areas; basal cell to tegmina not twice

as long as broad.

Allied to Conibosa, Dist., from which it principally differs

by the large and prominent eyes, the different position of the

ocelli, shorter head, &e.

Durangona tigrina, sp. n.

Head pale ochraceous, margins of front darker excepting a

pale apical spot, margins of the ocelli pale castaneous brown ;

pro- and mesonota ‘brownish ochraceous, both with a pale

central longitudinal fascia, the er uciform elevation pale,

Genera and Species of Cicadide. 137

with a central dark median line ; abdomen above greyish,

the posterior segmental margins ochraceous, each segment

with a broad transverse fuscous fascia, narrowed and termi-

nating im a prominent spot near lateral margin; body

beneath and legs more or less ochraceous ; abdomen beneath

darker, the posterior segmental margins ochraceous and with

a lateral segmental series of fuscous spots; transverse cari-

nations to face dark castaneous ; tegmina and wings hyaline,

the venation castaneous or fuscous ; tegmina with the costal

membrane greyish, with a distinct fuscous spot at its apex

and a larger spot at the apex of the upper apical area.

¢d. Long., excl. tegm., 16 mm.; exp. tegm. 40 mm.

Hab. N.W. Ecuador; Rio Durango, 350 feet (Brit. Mus.).

Genus URABUNANA.

Urabunana, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvi. p. 274 (1905).

Type, U. sericeivitta, Walk.

Urabunana marshalli, sp. n.

¢. Head, pronotum, and mesonotum black; three small

marginal spots to front of head, lateral margins of pronotum,

two percurrent discal longitudinal fascize and narrow lateral

margins to mesonotum, and exposed areas of metanotum

pale ochraceous; abdomen above ochraceous, with nearly

basal half and a central longitudinal fascia black; body

beneath and legs pale ochraceous ; face (excluding margins),

metasternum, a central spot at base of abdomen, apex of

rostrum, and bases and apices of tarsi black ; space between

face and eyes black, thickly ochraceously pilose; tegmina

and wings hyaline, the first with the basal half of venation

and the costal membrane ochraceous, costal margin and

apical half of venation and posterior claval margin black ;

wings with the venation ochraceous, piceous on apical area;

tympana above entirely exposed ; abdomen above with a

central longitudinal notched dorsal ridge; opercula trans-

verse, somewhat widely separated, interiorly and outwardly

rounded ; wings with four apical areas,

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 10} mm.; exp. tegm. 26 mm.

Hab. N.S. Wales ; Gooniwindi (7. Marshall, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to U. festiva, Dist.

138 Mr. H. Druce on

XVI.—Descriptions of some new Species of Heterocera, chiefly

from Tropical South America. By Herpert Druce,

EyiS. ace:

Fam. Syntomide.

Mesothen doris, sp. n.

Male.—Head, collar, tegule, thorax, abdomen, and legs

pale yellow; antenne black; palpi pale yellow, with black

tips ; abdomen with a central row of black spots. Primaries

hyaline, the costal margin pale yellow, the veins at the base

yellow beyond and the margins of the wing black : second-

aries hyaline, the veins and margins black, the fringe black.

Expanse 13 inch.

Hab. Colombia, Monte del Edna, 5000 feet (Mus. Druce).

Subfam. Arcrrvz.

Metarctia palemon, sp. n.

Male.—Head, collar, tegulz, thorax, and abdomen clirome-

yellow ; antennee and anus blackish brown; legs chrome-

yellow. Primaries hyaline, the basal half of the wing chrome-

yellow, the veins, the costal margin at the apex, and the

fringe black : secondaries chrome-yellow, bordered with black

at the apex and partly round the outer margin. Underside

very similar to the upperside.

Expanse 1 inch.

Hab. West Africa, Bitji, Ja River, Cameroons, 2000 feet

(Mus. Druce).

tAutomolis pinon, sp. n.

Female. — Head, antennz, collar, tegule, and thorax

yellowish grey; abdomen pinkish yellow ; the underside

and legs pale yellow. Primaries bright pink ; a large round

yellow spot at the end of the cell and an oval-shaped yellow

spot on the inner margin near the base; the outer margin

from the apex nearly to the anal angle broadly bright yellow :

secondaries pale yellow. Underside as above, but rather

deeper in colour.

Expanse 1} inch.

Hab. South Brazil, Alto da Serra Santos, 2600 feet (Mus.

Druce).

Allied to Automolis roseofasciata, Druce.

new Species of Eeterocera. 139

Opharus superba, sp. n.

Male.—Head, antenne, palpi, and legs black ; collar black,

edged with orange; tegule grey, edged with black; thorax

black, clothed with orange-red hairs; abdomen chrome-

yellow, the three middle segments black above, the underside

of the anus black. Primaries fawn-colour, the veins black;

five bands of broken orange irregular spots edged with black

cross the wing from the costal to the inner margin, the inner

margin black at the base to about the middle; a black spot

at the anal angle; the fringe black and yellow: secondaries

chrome-yellow, broadly bordered with black from the apex to

the anal angle; a rather large crescent-shaped black spot at

the end of the cell. Underside very similar to the upperside.

Expanse 3} inches.

Hab. South Brazil, Alto da Serra Santos, 2600 feet (Mus.

Druce).

A very distinct species allied to Opharus chorima, Schaus.

Virbia palmert, sp. n.

Male.—Head, collar, tegule, thorax, and upperside of the

abdomen very dark brown, the sides of the abdomen yellow ;

legs dark brown; antenne black. Primaries dark brown,

irrorated with yellowish scales : secondaries chrome-yellow,

broadly bordered with black from the apex to the anal angle,

where it is widest, and deeply dentated on the inner edge.

Underside: primaries as above, secondaries rather paler.—

Female the same as the male.

Expanse 14 inch.

Hab. W. Colombia, San Antonio, 5800 feet (Ilus. Druce).

Virbia punctata, sp. n.

Male.—Head, collar, tegule, thorax, and legs dark brown;

abdomen black, the sides yellow. Primaries dark brown ; a

yellow spot at the end of the cell; the fringe yellowish

brown: secondaries chrome-yellow, bordered with black,

widest at the anal angle. Underside of the primaries yellow,

bordered with dark brown; secondaries very similar to the

upperside.

Expanse 14 inch.

Hab. Colombia, Siato, Rio Siato; slopes of Choco, 5200

feet (Mus. Druce).

1409 Mr. H. Druce on

Virbia epione, sp. n.

Male.—Head, collar, tegule, and thorax pale brown;

antenne, abdomen, and legs black, sides of the abdomen

yellow. Primaries pale brown : secondaries black, yellow on

the inner margin; arather wide yellow streak forked at the

end extends from the base to just beyond the cell; the fringe

yellow.

Expanse 1} inch.

Hab. S.E. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Mus. Druce).

Virbia birchi, sp. n.

Male.—Head, antenne, collar, tegule, thorax, abdomen,

and legs black; the sides of abdomen yellow. Primaries

black: secondaries black, with a central yellow streak from

the base to beyond the cell; the fringe of both wings black.

The underside of the primaries yellow, bordered with black.

Expanse 1? inch.

Hab, Caparo, W. Central Trinidad ; Colombia, Cacagua-

lito, 1500 feet (Alus. Druce).

Virbia underwoodt, sp. n.

Male.—Head, antenne, collar, tegule, thorax, abdomen,

and legs black. Primaries black, darkest at the base:

secondaries pale yellow, narrowly edged with black from the

apex to vein 3, then widely banded with black to the inner

margin, ‘The underside of the primaries with a large round

yellow spot at the end of the cell; secondaries as above.

Expanse 2 inches.

Hab. Costa Rica, Carrillo (Aus. Druce).

Fam. Notodontide.

Farigia nana, sp. n.

Male.—Head, collar, tegule, thorax, and upperside of the

abdomen grey, thickly irrorated with black hairs; antennze

brown, the shaft white ; underside of the abdomen and legs

yellowish white. Primaries pale brown, thickly irrorated

with green and grey scales, grey on the costal margin near

the base; an indistinct greenish-brown waved band extends

from the costal margin near the apex to the inner margin

nearest the anal angle ; a marginal waved black line from

the apex to the anal angle; the fringe pale fawn-colour :

secondaries pale brown, yellowish at the base and along the

new Species of HHeterocera. 141

inner margin. Underside : primaries very pale brown, dark

brown on the costal margin; secondaries uniformly yellowish

white.

Expanse 1} inch,

Hab. S.E. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Alus. Druce).

Allied to Farigia tulana, Schaus.

Farigia baladan, sp. n.

Female.—Head, collar, tegule, and thorax grey ; abdomen

pale brown, irrorated with grey hairs. Primaries grey,

thickly irrorated with bright green scales, crossed from the

costal to the inner margin by three fine waved black lines ;

the wing partly shaded with very pale brown beyond the

cell; around black spot between veins 2 and 3; the fringe

blackish grey : secondaries dark brown, slightly yellowish at

the base. Underside: both wings uniformly dark brown.

Expanse 23 inches.

Hab. 8.E. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet; Quinton,

Carabaya, 5000 feet (ALus. Druce).

Farigia medan, sp. n.

Male.—Head, collar, tegule, and thorax greenish grey ;

abdomen and antenne greyish brown; underside of the

abdomen and legs pale brown. Primaries brown, thickly

irrorated with green scales about the middle ; the base of

the wing broadly grey ; the fringe dark brown: secondaries

dark brown. Underside of both wings pale whitish brown.

Expanse 14 inch.

Hab. Colombia, E] Tigre, Rio Tamaua; Choco, 350 feet

(Mus. Druce).

A small species allied to Farigia nana, Druce.

Farigia larissa, sp. n.

Female.—Head, collar, and tegule white; thorax and

abdomen brown, the anal segments greyish ; legs pale brown.

Primaries dark brown, the outer third of the wing white; a

large greyish spot at the end of the cell, edged with white;

a round reddish-brown spot between veins 2 and 3 and one

between 3 and 4; a submarginal black line extends from

the apex to the anal angle; the fringe brownish grey :

secondaries brown, the veins dark brown. Underside of both

wings dark brown.

Eixpanse 2} inches.

flab. Colombia, Juntas, Rio Tamaua, Rio San Juan ;

Choco, 400 feet (Mus. Druce).

142 Mr. H. Druce on

Farigia xenopithia, sp. n.

Male.—Head, collar, tegule, underside of thorax, and legs

pale fawn-colour mixed with greenish hairs; upperside of

the abdomen dark brown, underside yellow. Primaries dark

blackish brown, thickly irrorated with greenish scales; a

series of small black spots along the inner margin ; four

small green spots edged with black on the costal margin; a

waved black line extends from the apex to the anal angle;

three elongated brown spots at the apex: secondaries dark

reddish brown. Underside of all the wings uniformly pale

pinkish brown.

Expanse 13 inch.

Hab. Trinidad, Caparo (Mus. Druce).

Hippia cinga, sp. u.

Male.—Head and collar grey-brown; antenne, palpi,

tecule, and thorax dark brown; abdomen above dark blackish

brown, underside pale brown; legs brown, banded with

white. Primaries dark blackish brown, irrorated with a few

black scales ; a pale long greyish patch at the apex, extending

along the costal margin to the middle; a marginal row of

pale brown spots from the apex to the anal angle ; the fringe

dark brown: secondaries dark brown, the fringe pale fawn-

colour. Underside: both wings pale brown; secondaries

yellowish at the base.

Expanse 2 inches.

Hab. Chanchamayo, 1000-1500 metres (Aus. Druce).

Allied to Hippia astuta, Schaus.

Drugera mimica, sp. n.

Male.—Head, antenne, collar, tegule, thorax, and upperside

of the abdomen dark greyish brown; underside of the abdo-

men and legs yellowish brown. Primaries pale grey-brown,

dark brown on the costal margin near the base, the basal part

of the wing streaked with black ; a band of lunular-shaped

white spots edged with black crossing from the costal to the

inner margin beyond the cell; a marginal row of black dots

extends from the apex to the anal angle; the marginal line

black; the fringe pale greyish brown: secondaries dark

reddish brown; the fringe pale fawn-colour. Underside of

both wings pale brown, the costal margin of the secondaries

yellowish.

Expanse 2 inches.

new Species of Heterocera. 143

Hab. Colombia, Juntas, Rio Tamaua, Rio San Juan ;

Choco, 400 feet (Mus. Druce).

Allied to Drugera morona, Druce.

Dicentria klagest, sp. n.

Male.—Head, antennz, palpi, collar, tegule, and thorax

dark brown; abdomen black, the two anal segments pale

fawn-colour; underside of the abdomen brownish white ;

legs pale brown. Primaries pale fawn-colour, irrorated with

brown scales ; the base of the wing greyish black ; a large

black spot at the end of the cell; the fringe fawn-colour:

secondaries white, the costal margin and apex grey, the inner

margin greyish, with a black spot on the anal angle. Under-

side of both wings greyish white, the costal margin shaded

with brown.

Expanse 1? inch.

Hab. Trinidad, Caparo (S. M. Klages, Mus. Druce).

Heterocampa tricolor, sp. n.

Male.—Head, antenne, palpi, collar, tegule, thorax, abdo-

men, and legs greenish brown. Primaries cream-colour, the

basal third of the wing greenish brown: secondaries white,

irrorated with green scales on the costal margin; the fringe

white. Underside of both wings white, the costal margin of

the primaries edged with yellow.

Expanse 1? inch.

Hab. W. Colombia, San Antonio, 5800 feet (Mus. Druce).

Heterocampa gilboa, sp. n.

Male.—Head, antenne, collar, tegule, thorax, and legs

greenish brown ; abdomen above blackish brown, the anal

segments greenish brown; the underside of the abdomen

sordid white. Primaries white, the base greenish brown,

thickly irrorated with white scales; a greenish-brown band

crosses the wing beyond the middle, widest on the costal

margin, becoming quite narrow at the anal angle; the apex

and outer margin shaded with green: secondaries white, the

costal margin and fringe greenish. Underside of both wings

white; a dark brown mark on the costal margin of the

primaries beyond the cell.

Expanse 1? inch.

Hab. 8.E. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Mus, Druce).

144 Mr. H. Druce on

Heterocampa splendens, sp. n.

Male.—Head, palpi, tegule, and thorax pinkish grey ;

collar yellowish ; antenne brown; abdomen above pale

brown, the sides yellow, underside sordid white, the anal

segments clothed with grey hairs; underside of the thorax

and legs grey. Primaries pale fawn-colour, pinkish grey at

the base, crossed from the costal to the inner margin by a

series of waved black lines, the first four near the base, the

second three beyond the cell ; a series of black spots between

the veins extend from the apex to the anal angle; a waved

black marginal line: secondaries chrome-yellow, broadly

bordered with blackish grey from the apex to the anal angle.

Underside of both wings white, pale yellow at the base:

primaries with a dark brown wide line crossing the wing

beyond the cell from the costal margin to vein 2.

Expanse 2? inches.

Hab. 8. Brazil, Rio (Mus. Druce).

Heterocampa semialba, sp. n.

Male.—Head, palpi, and collar grey, tegule white ; antenne

greyish brown; thorax and abdomen dark grey, the sides of

the abdomen and the anus white ; legs and underside of the

thorax white. Primaries dark grey, the base white irrorated

with grey scales; a waved black line crosses the wing beyond

the cell from the costal to the inner margin, beyond which is

a large broad white patch that does not extend to the apex

or anal angle; a marginal black waved line extends from

the apex to the anal angle; the white mark is slightly

clouded in the middle by a few grey scales; fringe black

and white: secondaries white, greyish at the anal angle.

Underside of both wings white; primaries clouded with grey

along the costal margin.

Expanse 2 inches.

Hab. E. Peru, Chanchamayo, 2000 met. (Mus. Druce).

Psilagon cincia, sp. n.

Male.—Head, collar, tegule, upperside of abdomen, and

legs dark brown; thorax and antenne pale brown, the anus

yellowish green. Primaries greyish white, irrorated with

grey and greenish-yellow scales; the base greenish yellow,

crossed by three curved dark brown lines; the inner margin

thickly clothed with greenish-yellow scales: secondaries

white, a greenish-yellow spot at the apex and a few black

new Species of Feterocera. 145

hairs on the inner margin. Underside: both wings. sordid

white.

Expanse 2 inches.

Hab. 8.E. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Mus. Druce).

Psilagon melita, sp. p.

Male.—Head, palpi, collar, tegulz, thorax, abdomen, and

legs yellowish green; underside of the abdomen white ;

antenne brown. Primaries greenish grey; a reddish-brown

band extends from the middle of the inner margin up to the

median vein, where it divides and forms a Y-shaped mark

extending to the costal margin ; a submarginal row of white

spots with black points from the apex to the anal angle ;

the fringes reddish brown: secondaries white, the fringe

white. Underside of both wings white ; the costal margin

of the primaries yellowish. :

Expanse 14 inch.

Hab. §.E. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Mus. Druce).

Urgerda chaon, sp. n.

Male.—Head, palpi, collar, tegule, and thorax pale

brownish green, thickly irrorated with yellowish hairs ;

antenne pale brown; abdomen reddish brown; anus

greenish. Primaries pale brown, thickly irrorated with

black and green scales; two small white spots at the end

of the cell and a submarginal row of whitish dots ex-

tending from the apex to the anal angle ; the marginal line

black: secondaries reddish brown, palest at the base. Under-

side of primaries reddish brown, of the secondaries cream-

colour.

Expanse 1? inch.

Hab. W. Colombia, San Antonio, 5800 feet ; S.E. Peru,

Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Mus. Druce). |

Urgerda luceria, sp. n.

Male.—Green; antenne brown; collar grey, edged with

black and white; tegule and thorax green; abdomen and

legs pale brown. Primaries grey, irrorated with black

scales; the subcostal vein green; a green band crossing the

wing near the base, a second green band, edged with black

en the inner side, beyond the cell, crossing the wing from

the costal to the inner margin; a submarginal row of black

points extending from the apex to the anal angle; the fringe

dark grey : secondaries greyish brown. Underside of both

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 10

146 Mr. H. Druce on

wings reddish brown, the costal margin of the secondaries

whitish.

Expanse 13 inch.

Hab. Peru, Quinton, Carabaya, 5000 feet (Mus. Druce).

Urgerda brunea, sp. n.

Male.—Head, palpi, antenne, collar, tegule, thorax,

abdomen, and legs dark brown; the underside of the

abdomen and anus pale brown. Primaries dark reddish

brown, irrorated with pale greyish-brown scales ; a whitish

streak at the end of the cell ; a submarginal row of rather

large dark brown spots between the veins, extending from

the apex to the anal angle; the fringe dark brown :

secondaries blackish brown; the underside of both wings

pale brown.

Expanse 1? inch.

Hab. Peru, Oconeque, Carabaya, 7000 feet (Mus. Druce).

Urgerda palmeri, sp. n.

Male.—Head, collar, tegule, and thorax yellowish brown ;

palpi and antenne black ; abdomen above black, the anus

yellow; underside of abdomen pale brown ; legs dark brown.

Primaries reddish brown, clouded with yellow at the apex,

and on the inner margin three indistinct waved brown lines

cross the wing from the costal to the inner margin; the

outer margin from the apex to the anal angle broadly yellow,

much dentated on the inner side; a fine waved white line

divides the yellow and brown colour of the wing ; the fringe

yellow : secondaries pale yellowish grey, clouded with brown

on the costal margin, apex, and outer margin; a reddish-

brown spot on the anal angle; the fringe yellow. Under-

side: both wings yellowish white ; primaries clouded with

dusky brown from the base to beyond the cell; the costal

margin near the apex pink: secondaries with a black spot at

the anal angle.

Expanse 1? inch.

Hab. W. Colombia, San Antonio, 5800 feet (Aus. Druce).

Malacampa bettgeri, sp. n.

Male.—Head, palpi, collar, tegulz, and thorax very dark

brown, almost black, thorax irrorated with a few green hairs ;

abdomen above very dark brown; underside and legs ;ale

brown, the anus clothed with green hairs, Primaries black-

brown, crossed beyond the cell by two waved black lines; a

new Species of Heterocera. 147

green spot at the end of the cell ; the outer and inner margins

very thickly irrorated with green scales; the marginal line

black: secondaries dark brown; the fringe pale brown.

Underside of both wings dark brown.

Expanse 2} inches.

Hab. East Peru, Huaucabamba, 6000-10,000 feet (Mus.

Druce).

Meragisa julia, sp. n.

Male.—Head, collar, tegule, and thorax brownish grey ;

antenne and palpi dark brown; abdomen black, clothed with

long yellowish hairs at the base; the anal segments dark

grey ; the underside of the thorax, ablomen, and legs yellow.

Primaries dark grey, crossed by indistinct waved black

lines and irrorated with black scales ; a round black spot

between veins 3 and 4; the marginal line black; the fringe

yellow: secondaries black ; the inner margin broadly yellow ;

the fringe yellow. Underside: both wings black; the

costal and outer margin of both wings yellow ; the base and

inner margin of the secondaries yellow.

Expanse 24 inches.

Hab. 8.E. Peru, Santo Domingo, Carabaya, 6000 feet ;

Oconeque, 7000-10,000 feet (AZus. Druce).

Allied to Meragisa garlepi, Druce.

Meragisa thryeston, sp. n.

Male.— Head, tegule, thorax, and abdomen grey ; abdomen

clothed with yellowish hairs at the base; collar black ;

underside of the thorax, abdomen, and legs yellowish grey.

Primaries silvery white, slightly irrorated with black scales ;

a pale yellow spot edged with black close to the base and

two waved yellowish lines edged with black crossing the

wing from the costal to the inner margin, the first near the

base, the second beyond the cell; a marginal waved black

line extends from the apex to the anal angle; the fringe

white: secondaries black, the inner margin yellow; the

fringe yellowish. Underside: primaries black, the costal,

apex, and outer margin white: secondaries black; the base,

costal, outer and inner margin yellowish wiite.

Expanse 2 inches.

Hab. S.E. Peru, La Oroya, Rio Inambari, 3000 feet

(Mus. Druce).

Allied to Meragtsa sidota, Schs.

10*

148 Mr. H. Druce on

Rifargia imitata, sp. n.

Male.—Head, palpi, collar, and tegule dark brown;

antenne pale brown; thorax and abdomen greenish grey;

legs dark brown. Primaries greenish grey, the base broadly

dark brown, edged with black on the outer side ; a greenish-

grey spot at the base of the cell; a small brown spot close

to the apex; a brown spot between veins 1 and 2, and a

rather large square-shaped dark brown spot between veins

3 and 4; a submarginal line of black streaks extends

from the apex to the anal angle: secondaries greyish brown,

darkest round the outer margin; a small black spot on the

anal angle.

Expanse 2+ inches.

Hab. Trinidad, Caparo (Mus. Druce).

This species resembles very closely Proelymiotis equpars,

Walker.

Fam. Noctuide.

Acontia ? superba, sp. n.

Male.—Head, palpi, antenne, collar, tegulé, thorax,

abdomen, and legs dark brown. Primaries dark silky brown ;

the fringe dark brown: secondaries bright, glossy, dark

purple; the fringe black. Underside of both wings pale

brown.

Expanse 14 inch.

Hab. W. Africa, Upper Kasai District, Congo Free State

(Mus. Druce).

Acontia ? roseipicta, sp. n.

Male.—Head, palpi, collar, tegule, thorax, and abdomen

ale brown; antenne black. Primaries pinkish fawn-colour,

irrorated with black scales ; a large rose-coloured spot on the

middle of the inner margin, white on the inner side, edged

with a black line; several small white dots at the anal

angle ; the fringe pinkish fawn-colour: secondaries pale

brown, palest at the base. Underside pale brown, slightly

irrorated with black scales.

Expanse 14 inch.

Hab. W. Africa, Bitji, Ja River, Cameroons, 2000 feet,

dry season (Jus. Druce).

. new Species of Heterocera. 149

Subfamily ELurectrv2,

Peectes chrysoplaga, sp. 0.

Male——Head white; palpi black, the third joint white;

antenna, collar, tegula, thorax, and abdomen pale brown ;

the middle segments of the abdomen white above; the

underside of the thorax and legs white. Primaries pale

brown, shaded with pink at the base and apex ; a curved band

crosses the wing from near the apex to the middle of the

inner margin ; a large greenish spot on the inner margin

nearest the base, and a smaller spot at the anal angle;

a large dark brown curved mark on the outer margin;

several minute black dots at the end of the cell and on the

apex: secondaries dark brown. Underside: primaries

greyish black, reddish brown at the apex: secondaries

greyish white; a minute black dot at the end of the cell,

below which are several very fine, waved, blackisli lines,

extending trom near the apex to the anal angle, the outer

margin broadly reddish brown.

Expanse 1,3, inch.

Hab. §.K. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (G. Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Allied to Peetes oculatrix, Guen., from North Carolina.

Marthyssa dissimilis, sp. n.

Male—twead, palpi, antenne, collar, tegule, thorax,

abdomen, and legs dark brown. Primaries pale brown, with

two triangular-shaped dark brown spots (one on the costal

margin small, the second on the inner margin near the base

much larger), beyond which are two dark brown lines crossing

the wing trom the costal to the inner margin; a dark curved

line close to the apex and two black dots on the anal angle ;

the fringe dark brown: secondaries dark brown, palest at the

base and along the inner margin almost to anal angle.

Underside: primaries pale greyish brown, reddish brown at

the apex; a submarginal curved white line extends from the

costal margin to the apex; the fringe greyish: secondaries,

the costal half of the wing reddish brown, the inner half

greyish brown.

Expanse 14 inch.

Hab. Colombia, Minca, 2000 feet (JZ. EH. Smith, Mus.

Druce).

150 On new Species of Heterocera.

Tyana tenuimargo, sp. n.

Meale.—Head, collar, tegule, and base of primaries white

edged with red ; palpi white tipped with red; antennz brown,

the base red, the edges of the tegule red; thorax green;

abdomen and legs brownish white. Primaries pale green,

the costal and outer margin edged with yellowish red, the

marginal line spotted with white; a small red spot below the

end of the cell: secondaries sordid white, very pale brown

near the anal angle. Underside of both wings white, shaded

with pale green at the base.—emale similar to the male,

but with a reddish-brown spot on the costal margin nearest

the base, and the spot below the cell much larger, the outer

margin redder, the ground-colour of the wing striated with

fine yellow lines ; the secondaries pure white. Underside

white, the primaries shaded with green.

Expanse, ¢ 14 inch, 2 175 inch.

Hab. Assam, Khasia Hills, Nissary (Aus. Druce).

Carea pryert, sp. 0.

Male.—Head, palpi, antenne, collar, tegule, thorax, and

abdomen reddish brown, the base of the abdomen blackish

brown, the anus reddish. Primaries glossy reddish brown,

slightly greyish brown on the outer margin; a black spot at

the end of the cell ; two dark brown lines cross the wing

from the costal to the inner margin, the first nearest the base,

the second beyond the cell to the anal angle: secondaries

uniformly dark brown; the underside of both wings reddish

brown ; primaries with a dark shade at the end of the cell.

Expanse 1} inch.

Hab. North Borneo (Pryer, Mus. Druce).

Carea viridipennis, sp. n.

Male.—Head, collar, tegulz, and thorax olive-green ;

palpi and antenne reddish brown; abdomen and legs pale

brown. Primaries olive-green, crossed from the costal to the

inner margin by three waved fine black lines, the first near

the base, the second beyond the cell, the third submarginal,

the middle line edged with greenish white on the outer side ;

the fringe green: secondaries and underside of both wings

reddish brown.

Expanse 14 inch.

Hab. Borneo, Labuan (Pryer, Mus. Druce).

—- 4

On the Coleopterous Subfamily Dynastine. 151

XVII.—Notes on the Coleopterous Subfamily Dynastine, with

Descriptions of new Genera and Species. By Gitsert J.

ARROW,

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

[Plates 1V. & V.]

Wuite compiling a Catalogue of the Dynastine, to be

published shortly, I have had occasion to make various

synonymical and other notes, and these are here recorded,

together with descriptions of a few of the new species con-

tained in the collection of the British Museum.

In Gemminger and Harold’s Catalogue the name hewittsoni,

Empson, is given as a synonym of Golofa porteri, Hope, with

a reference to Maunder’s ‘Treasury of Natural History’

(1858). In that work it is said that the insect has received

the name Asserador hewitsont in Empson’s ‘ Narrative of

S. America.’ This work, having been published in 1836,

would, if the statement were correct, antedate both the

generic and specific names given by Hope in 1837. I have

therefore with considerable care searched Empson’s ‘ Narra-

tive’ page by page in the British Museum library, and have

satisfied myself that the name quoted does not occur there.

Thomson, in his ‘ Arcana Nature,’ has stated that the name

Asserador hewitsoni appears upon an isolated plate, without

description. A note in the ‘ Narrative’ mentions that a

portfolio of facsimile sketches was purchasable, but these I

have not been able to discover; and as it seems certain that

no description of hewitsoni appeared before the publication

of Maunder’s ‘ Treasury,’ Hope’s names, so long current,

may, I think, remain undisturbed. A specimen bearing

Empson’s proposed name, and apparently his original, is

still in our collection.

It is, perhaps, scarcely necessary to say that the various

“new species” of Dynastes from Dominica named _ by

Mr. A. H. Verrill in his curiously inaccurate papers in the

‘American Journal of Science’ of 1906 and 1907 indicate

nothing more than different phases of male development of

the very well-known and variable Dynastes hercules, L. His

Dynastes tricornis, as the writer has already discovered, is a

Strategus. The name ftricornis has been long preoccupied,

but the “new species” is probably S. vulcanus, F. The

long-familiar species Strategus tricornis, Jabl., should, how-

ever, be called S. validus, F., a name which has been over-

looked. The type of Fabricius (described in his Syst. Ent.

1775, p. 6) is a female in the British Museum.

152 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

Stypotrupes endymion, Oliv., of which the original examples

are in the British Museum, is a Strategus with the head of

the male peculiarly modified, the end of the clypeus being

produced upwards asa broad lamina. Burmeister, the author

of the genus, was entirely mistaken as to its affinities, and

the genus is an especially unsatisfactory one, being based

upon the present species, the totally different one for which

I have already made the genus Clyster, and a third, of which

only a fragment is known, and which, if, as supposed, it is

Oriental, is certainly also very different. A female of

S. endymion in the Museum was apparently brought by

Darwin from the Galapagos Islands, and there can at least

be no doubt that the insect belongs to the American fauna.

The female shows so intimate a relationship to Strategus that

I think the advisability of treating the species as a member

of that genus will hardly be disputed. A difference is

generally found in the sculpture of the propygidium in tle

two sexes of Sérategus, and this is accentuated in S_ endymion,

the male of which has rather fine stridulatory ridges, which in

the female are represented by very coarse scattered granules.

By a process of elimination the unknown S. fte/amon,

Burm., is now left alone to represent the genus Stypotrupes.

Its identity can only be established by examination of the

fragmentary type in M, Oberthiir’s collection.

Enema pan, F., is a remarkable polymorphic species, con-

cerning which perplexity still prevails. Bates, in the ‘ Biol.

Centr.-Americana, has figured the female form (called

titornus by Perty) as a male, calling it the variety lupercus,

Chevr., which is really the reduced male phase. In the same

work he expressed a strong suspicion that Enema infundibulum,

Burm., is a form of this species, but without actually putting

them together. Herr Sternberg has described them as two

forms of a vanished species, which seems to be a way of

saying two species of the closest affinity. It appears to me

that the evidence is entirely in favour of regarding them as

actually conspecific, infundibulum being the extreme phase of

development of the male armature. The two forms occur in

the same localities from Central America to South Brazil,

but, abundant as they are, only a single form of female is

found. I have examined the male genitalia, and found no

difference.

It is very remarkable that, whereas in the typical form

every grade of armature is found, from the highest to a

degraded form little distinguished from the female, no inter-

mediates connecting it with the differently armed infundibulum

Coleopterous Subfamily Dynastine. 153

form are known; but the difficulty is not less if the latter is

treated as a distinct species, for | know of no instance of a

species with very highly developed male armature of which

amongst humerous examples none of low development are

found.

In Redtenbacher’s description of the isolated and interesting

imsect named by him Myrina pfeifferi the length is given as

47 lines, apparently a misprint for 17 lines. The series in

the British Museum vary from 28 to 35 mm. long.

It is worthy of notice that in this peculiar insect the front

claws of the male assume a form which, so far as I know, is

unique. They are very strong and broad and double at the

tip, but instead of one claw only being cleft into two sharp

points, as is not unusual in certain groups of Dynastinz, the

true tip of each claw forms a slight finger-like process, while

the lower division is a rounded lobe or flange. The entire

inner surface of the claws, as in many other Species, 1s

covered witb fine oblique striations.

This interesting Oriental insect has a striking resemblance

to the Tropical American Megasoma. A marked difference

between them is in the development of the prosternum of

Myrina, ‘The latter name being a doubly preoccupied one,

I propose to substitute for it

ALLOMYRINA, Nom. nov.

The insect called by Fairmaire Oryctes melanops in the

Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1881, p. 258, is entirely Reet

from the real Oryctes melanops of Burmeister, which, a

Herr Prell has suggested to me after comparison of a Ge

series of specimens, is probably only a variety of Haplo-

scapanes barbarossa, F. Fairmaire’s insect is a Tricho-

gomphus very closely related to 7. semmelinki, Rits., and for

the sake of clearness it seems desirable to name it. It may

be called

Trichogomphus fairmairei, sp. n.

It is rather shorter and stouter than 7. semmelinki, with

the prothorax more transverse, but the puncturation is

almost exactly the same. The only male specimen in the

British Museum, like that described by Fairmaire, seems to

be of low development, although this is possibly charac-

teristic. The cephalic horn is short and simply acuminate,

and the pronotum bears only a slight double median promi-

nence and an acute lateral tubercle on each side of the

15ft Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

broad excavation. The female has two very inconspicuous

tubercles behind the middle of the front margin of the pro-

thorax. The species has already been described at greater

length by Fairmaire.

The identity of Oryctes ingens, Kolbe, and Dimywus cram-

peli, Fairm., with Oryctes cristatus, Voll., has been pointed

out by Messrs. Sternberg and Felsche. It has not been

noticed, however, that a still older name exists, viz. Oryctes

gigas, Cast.

Herr Sternberg has rightly distinguished Xyloryctes tele-

phus, Burm., and ensifer, Bates (which he has renamed

X. levipennis), which were not properly discriminated by

Bates, who attributed both to the same localities. The

examples of X. ¢elephus in our collection are from Jalapa and

Oaxaca, while X. ensifer has been brought from Jalapa,

Cordova, Chiapas, Omilteme, S. Luis Potosi, and also from

Chuipache, Quezaltenango (Guatemala).

In the ‘ Fauna of India, Lamellicornia,’ lately published, I

have referred to Dipelicus the species described as Horonotus

and Camelonotus. H. deiphobus, Sharp, forms a counecting-

link between the larger well-punctured species represented

by D. cantori, Hope, and the smaller smooth forms of the

montrouziert group. The actual habitat of D. deiphobus was

unknown to Sharp, but specimens from the Philippine Islands

were determined by Waterhouse by comparison with a

typical example from Dejean’s collection, and I have lately

received it from Sarawak, Borneo.

D. cantori was described from a female supposed to have

come from China, but the type in the British Museum

appears to agree sufficiently with that of the Javan species

described and figured under that name by Waterhouse. The

following is closely related :—

Dipelicus borneensis, sp.n. (Pl. LV. figs. 1, 2, 3.)

Niger vel nigro-piceus, corpore subtus rufescente, pectore haud longe

rufo-hirto, elongatus, robustus, valde convexus ; clypeo rotunde

acuminato ; prothorace transverso, postice leviter lobato; scutello

rugoso, margine angusto, levi; elytris grosse et crebre annulato-

punctatis, lineis tribus discoidalibus geminatis; propygidio

retrorsum producto, late subtiliter striato ; pygidio brevi:

¢, capite cornu erecto curvato, basi lato, apice acuto, armato ;

pronoto late excavato, fosse lateribus fere rectis, antice breviter

productis, margine postico bispinoso, spinis sat approximatis, lobo

—

Coleopterous Subfamily Dynastine. 155

postico modice prominenti, integro, pronoto postice et lateraliter

omnino rugoso; propygidio valde retrorsum producto; pygidio

minute et crebre granulato :

2 , prothorace valde convexo, grosse rugoso, margine antico medio

minute retrorsum dentato; propygidio modice producto, pygidii

lateribus subtiliter rugosis, medio nitido, parce punctato.

Long. 37-41 mm. ; lat. max. 19-21 mm.

Hab. Borneo: Sarawak, Kina Balu.

D. borneensis is very closely related to D. cantori, Hope,

but is rather more strongly and coarsely sculptured above,

and has the thoracic cavity of the male a little less deep, its

side walls nearly straight, the anterior processes short, the

two dorsal processes placed rather close together, the dorsal

lobe short, not notched in the middle, and without a smooth

depression on each side. The females of the two species are

exceedingly similar, but that of D. borneensis has the pro-

notum rather more convex and more coarsely sculptured,

with the front marginal carina minutely angulated in the

middle. In both sexes, in addition to the more coarsely

sculptured elytra, the scutellum is rugose, except a very

narrow outer margin, while in D. cantori it is smooth and

shining.

Dichodontus hexagonus, Rits., is the female of D. coronatus,

Burm., wrongly attributed to Malabar. This is one of the

female Dynastine having at first sight all the appearance of

a male. The unnecessary multiplication of names in the

Lamellicornia is inevitable so long as the sex of specimens

described is not first ascertained with certainty.

Dichodontus fissicornis, sp.n. (Pl. V. figs. 1, 2, 3.)

Rufo-piceus, nonnunquam niger, modice elongatus, pectore breviter

rufo-hirto, clypeo toto rugoso, antrorsum angustato, margine

antico recto, angulis minute rotundatis ; prothorace antice a medio

valde attenuato, angulis acutis, posticis obtusis, haud arcuatis,

margine basali leviter trisinuato ; scutello utrinque oblique sul-

cato, basi leviter ruguloso ; elytris grosse, haud profunde, punc-

tatis, postice plus minusve levigatis, linea tenui suturali incisa :

¢, capite cornu gracili, valde curvato, ante medium paulo compresso,

apice minute dilatato atque bifido, armato; prothorace postice

medio late elevato, summo fere horizontaliter antrorsum producto,

processu sat angusto, apice emarginato-truncato, thoracis super-

ficie medio (processus latere inferiori excepto) levi, lateribus

grosse lunulate strigosis, marginibus lateralibus medio angulatis,

antice valde, postice leviter, approximatis; elytris antice fere

obsolete punctatis, postice fere levibus; pygidio basi dense

rugoso, medio crebre, apice parce, punctato:

156 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

©, capite postice minute tuberculato; prothorace convexo, antice

vix impresso, grosse et confluenter punctato, spatio subcirculari

postico nitido, parce et minute punctato, lateribus antice valde

_ approximatis, postice fere parallelis; elytris grosse sublineare

punctatis; pygidio segmentoque ultimo ventrali dense et equaliter

rugosis, breviter rufo-setosis.

Long. 24-32 mm.; lat. max. 14-18 mm.

Hab. Borneo: Sarawak; SINGAPORE.

This is nearly related to the Javan D. cresus, F., but is a

little smaller, the cephalic horn of the male in well-developed

specimens is longer, more strongly curved, and bifid at the

end, and the median process of the thorax is narrower. In

a small male from Sarawak the cephalic horn is short and

not at all bifid and the prothorax is abruptly vertical in

front but not produced into a horn. The female has only a

small tubercle upon the head, and is shorter, broader, and

much more strongly punctured than the male.

Burmeister has bestowed upon a West-African species the

name of Phyllognathus bacchus, but as the latter name was

previously used by Mulsant for a variety of the European

Phyllognathus silenus, its re-use is not admissible, and I have

therefore changed the name of Burmeister’s insect to

P. burmeisteri.

~ I have found by examination of the type, now in the

Oxford Museum, that the insect supposed by Burmeister

and Lacordaire to be Bothynus ascanius, Kirby, is quite a

different species with a very strong prothoracic tubercle and

large and deep excavation in the male, and distinctly striated

elytra. The false Ascanius with almost smooth elytra must

be called by the name given to the female, Bothynus medon,

Germ.

The genus Corynoscelis cannot, in my opinion, be retained

as distinct from the older Bothynus, the females being prac-

tically inseparable. Bothynus monstrosus, Bates, is only a

deformed specimen of B. simplicitarsis, Bates; and Crato-

enemus niger, Blanch., which Lacordaire thought possibly a

female specimen of Thronistes, seems to me to be more

probably a Bothynus.

Semanopterus depressus, Hope, and subequalis, Hope, are,

I believe, synonyms of S. (Phileurus) subcostatus, Cast., Hist.

Nat. Ins. ii. 1840, p. 116.

PaAPUANA, gen. nov.

Corpus breviter cylindricum. Caput triangulare, cornutum aut

tuberculatum. Clypeus truncatus. Mandibule detectm, extu

Coleopterous Subfamily Dynastine. 157

uni- aut bi-incise. Mentum antice angustatum. Prosternum

postice elevatum, truncatum, longe ciliatum. Pedes sat longi,

tarsi antici breves. Tibiw antice quadri- aut tri-dentatie, poste-

riores truncate, longe spinose, tarsorum posticorum articulo

primo triangulari.

@. Caput cornutum. Prothorax antice retusus, plus minusve

cornutus. Pedis antici unguis internus distortus.

Two species of this genus were described by Fairmaire

under the name of Pimelopus (P. hubneri aud armicollis) , to

which genus it is nearly related, differing in the more tri-

angular head, truncate clypeus, and less abbreviated legs, of

which the front tibie are four-toothed and the middle and

hind tibiz much less dilated from base to apex and fringed

with long, not closely-set spines.

I have seen several species, all from the islands of Papua

and Polynesia. The following is the typical species :—

Papuana semistriata, sp.n. (PI. IV. figs. 4, 5, 6.)

Nigra vel piceo-nigra, nitida, pectore parce rufo-hirto; clypeo

utrinque acute angulato, subtilissime punctulato, vertice utrinque

rugoso ; prothorace antice retuso, rugoso, dorso medio acuminato,

angulis anticis acutis, posticis obtusis, basi trisinuato; scutello

levi ; elytris fortiter striatis, striis annulate punctatis, suturali-

bus integris, reliquis postice abbreviatis, lateribus apicibusque

fere levibus; mandibulis valde porrectis, extus parum profunde

uni-incisis :

3, capite cornu gracili, antice planato, apice obtuso, armato ; pro-

thorace postice lobo elevato, summo acuminato, tuberculoque

utrinque parvo, interdum obsoleto, munito, margine antico

lateribusque, spatio laterali carina breve arcuata delimitato

excepto, rugosis, superficie reliqua levi (individuorum maxi-

morum autem cornus basi antice etiam rugoso); pygidio

punctato, medio fere levi:

2, eapite tnberculo lato armato; prothoracis medio leviter acumi-

nato, antice rugoso; pygidio crebre et minute punctato.

Long. 22-28 mm.; lat. max. 12-14 mm.

Hab. British New Guinea: Fly River ; Amsorna.

This is a larger species than P. Aubneri and armicollis,

Fairm., with more highly developed armature, although the

latter is, of course, subject to great variation. The female,

both in this and the following species, appears always to have

‘a retuse and rugose area in the anterior part of the pronotum

and a feeble but sharp elevation at the middle. The

mandibles, in both sexes, are much more produced forwards

‘and have only a single slight notch at the side. The elytra

of P. semistriata are coarsely punctate-striate, the striz,

158 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

with the exception of the sutural one, vanishing behind the

middle. In large males the rugose area of the pronotum

extends from the front to the hind margin on each side, but

does not include the whole lateral part.

Papuana levipennis, sp. n.

Nigra, nitida, sat lata, pectore parce rufo-hirto, clypeo utrinque

acute angulato, subtiliter punctulato, veriice utrinque rugoso;

prothorace antice retuso, utrinque rugoso, dorso medio acuminato,

angulis anticis acutis, posticis obtusis, basi trisinuato ; scutello

levi; elytris latis, levibus, stria suturali profunda, indistincte

punctata; mandibulis valde porrectis, extus parum profunde

uni-incisis :

¢ , capite cornu gracili antice planato, apice obtuso, armato; pro-

thorace postice lobo elevato, summo acuminato tuberculogne

utrinque parvo, interdum obsoleto, munito, margine antico

lateribusque, spatio posteriori carina arcuata delimitato excepto,

rugosis, superficie reliqua levi (individuorum maximorum autem

cornus basi antice etiam rugoso); pygidii lateribus crebre

punctatis, medio levi :

©, capite tuberculo lato armato; prothorace medio leviter acumi-

nato, antice rugose punctato, postice subtilissime parce punctu-

lato ; pygidio minute et crebre punctato.

Long. 20-29 mm.; lat. max. 11-16 mm.

Hab. Soromon Istanps: Kieta.

This is extremely like semistriata, with which it agrees in

all its structural details, but it is shorter and broader in

proportion and the elytra are very smooth, with only asingle

sutural stria upon each.

Papuana tridentipes, sp. n.

Nigra, nitida, modice elongata, subtus picea, parcissime rufo-hirsuta ;

capite rugoso, clypeo antice sat late arcuato, utrinque minute

reflexo-angulato ; prothorace nitidissimo, vix perspicue punctato,

lateribus fortiter arcuatis, angulis anticis acutis, posticis obtusis-

simis; scutello levi; elytris grosse striato-punctatis, punctis

annulatis, apicibus crebre et equaliter punctatis ; pygidio grosse

rugoso-punctato; tibiis anticis acute tridentatis; mandibulis

extus trilobatis :

dg, capite medio cornu parvo, recurvato, sat gracili armato; pro-

thorace antice retuso, postice late producto, lobo utrinque breviter

acuminato, lateribus pone angulos anticos obtuse ascendentibus ;

pygidio convexo; tarsorum anticorum ungue interno lato, haud

acuto, integro :

Q, capite medio minute bituberculato; pygidio ante medium

transverse carinato.

Long. 17-21 mm, ; lat. max, 9-1] mm.

Coleopterous Subfamily Dynastine. 159

Hab. Trosriann Is.: Kiriwini (A. S. Meek).

Herr C. Felsche has received a series of specimens, of

which he has kindly presented a pair to the British Museum.

The species is smaller than those just described and differs

from all hitherto known in having only three teeth to the

front tibie. It is very smooth and shining ‘above, with

the elytra and the pygidium very strongly punctured. The

male has a short but slender horn on the head and the

pronotum is horizontally produced into a short broad lobe,

sharply pointed on each side. The lateral margins also bear

a blunt prominence on each side a little behind the front

angles.

Pseudohomonyx crassus, sp.n. (Pl. V. fig. 6.)

Niger, nitidus, elongatus, pectore abdominisque lateribus rufo-

hirsutis, capite sat equaliter transversim plicato, clypeo antice

attenuato, truncato; prothoracis lateribus tenuiter punctatis,

antice paulo fortius, anguste marginatis; scutello vix punctato ;

elytris grosse punctato-striatis, stria secunda antice, 4° et 5*

postice, abbreviatis, apicibus irregulariter grosse punctatis ;

pygidio antice punctato, postice levi :

3, prothorace antice sat late impresso, margine antico acute

tuberculato ; pygidio antice confuse annulato-punctato :

Q, prothorace omnino levi; pygidio lateraliter grosse, medio

subtiliter, punctato.

Long. 21-24 mm.; lat. max. 11°5-13 mm.

Hab. N. Borneo: Kina Balu, Labuan J., Sanga Sanga.

This is a species very closely related to P. borneensis,

Arrow, but rather larger, with finer lateral margins to the

pronotum and the elytral striz coarse but less deep. The

pygidium is also much less strongly sculptured in both sexes,

with its apical half smooth and shining. The male has a

much larger and deeper impression on the pronotum, about

as wide as it is long, and a sharp conspicuous tubercle in

front of it.

Labuan I. was erroneously included as a locality for

P. borneensis.

Prof. Kolbe has proposed the name Heteroligus for various

species formerly included in the genus Heteronychus, but

which seem to me to include three well-marked generic types.

As in the case of other genera created by him, Prof. Kolbe

has contented himself with a very casual and fragmentary

reference which affords no means of determining to which

of these types his name ought to be applied. I therefore

select as the type of Heteroligus the first enumerated and

160 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

commonest of the species mentioned by him, H. claudius,

Klug, which, in my opinion, is the earlier described H. meles,

Billb. A small, but peculiar, feature of this species is

worthy of mention. The sexes of the Dynastine (and

Ruteline) are almost invariably distinguishable by the form

of the last ventral segment, which in the female is longer

and more pointed behind than in the male. In the latter

the apical part appears to be excised and replaced by a

shining quasi-transparent membrane. In the male of

Heteroligus meles this segment is narrow and the terminal

membrane is broad and conspicuous. In the female, con-

trary to the usual condition, there is also an apical excision

and membranous filling, but the excision is much narrower

than in the male and its form is very curious, a bilobed

process from the middle of its edge dividing it into two

parts, which are fringed with stiff hairs.

This species is common in Sierra Leone and Nigeria, and

extends eastwards as far as Uganda. Mr. Péringuey has

described under its name (H. claudius, Klug) a form from

Damaraland, but, as shown by the figure of its cedeagus, that

is another species. It appears to be different from H. brevis

and geotrupinus of Quedenfeldt, both of which are con-

siderably smaller. It must therefore be renamed, and I

propose to callit H. péringueyi.

The following is very closely related, but again distinet :—

Heteroligus gazanus, sp. n.

Piceus, subtus parce rufo-hirtus, ovatus, crassus, capite omnino

ruguloso, tuberculis duo frontalibus distantibus, clypeo modice

angustato, antice arcuato, prothorace undique crebre punctato,

disco subtilius, tuberculis duo geminatis paulo ante marginem

anticum ; scutello paulo irregulariter punctulato; elytris erebre

irregulariter punctatis, lineis quatuor indistinctis duplicis striaque

suturali profunda, propygidio parum subtiliter transverse striato,

pygidio parce subtilissime punctulato, angulis anticis crebre

rugulosis :

3, segmento ultimo ventrali brevi, late membranaceo :

2, segmento ultimo ventrali longiori, apice anguste et simplice

emargiuato.

Long. 32-35 mm.; lat. max. 19 mm.

Hab. Gazatanp: Chirinda.

A pair has been presented by Mr. G.A.K. Marshall. This

species has the closest possible resemblance to H. meles,

from which the sexual characters referred to distinguish it

most surely. The elytra are rather more coarsely and

irregularly punctured and the smooth longitudinal lines

Coleopterous Subfam ily Dynastine. 161

indistinct. The frontal tubercles of the head are more

distant from one another. The cdeagus of the male is

more like that of H. péringueyi than of H. meles, but is

broader and without pointed processes in its anterior part.

Heteronychus glabricollis, Burm., included in Heteroligus

by Prof. Kolbe, belongs to the genus Cyphonistes (= Cephiso-

dotus, Fairm.), in which the front tibia is simply three-

toothed and the front tarsi of the male are thickeued.

Cyphonistes impressicollis, Fairm., is apparently a synonym

of the last.

Heteronychus capreolus, Qued., another insect placed by

Prof. Kolbe in Hef¢eroligus, is one of a group of species

haying well-marked characters in common for which another

genus must be formed. The best-marked features are the

truncate clypeus with spinose anterior angles and the very

sharp, recurved teeth at the outer edge of the mandible.

The species seem to be characteristic of the West African

fauna. I propose to call them

PRIONORYCTES, gen. Nov.

Corpus convexum, subcylindricum. Clypeus brevis, lateribus

convergentibus, antice truncatus, angulis acute et oblique spinoso-

productis. Mandibule extus profunde incise, dentes tres acutas,

valde recurvatas, utrinque instructe. Maxille fortiter 6-dentate,

dentibus 4 inferioribus geminatis, palporum articulo ultimo

magno, truncato. Mentum antice profunde fissum, palporum

articulo penultimo transverso. Mesosternum medio erectum,

subcylindricum, summo truncato. ‘Tibiz antic acute quadri-

dentate. Tibiew postice extus apice dentibus circiter sex obtuse

dentate. Propygidium striis stridulatoriis medio obsoletis sat

late incisum. Tarsorum posticorum articulus primus supra

productus. Mas et foemina visu vix dissimiles.

I refer to this genus, in addition to Heteronychus capreolus,

the three following species, the first of which may be

regarded as the type.

Prionoryctes rufopiceus, sp. D.

Rufo-piceus, subtus breviter rufo-hirsutus, capite toto rugoso, fronte

medio leyiter depressa, tuberculis duobus sat remotis armata ;

prothorace grosse, fere «qualiter, punctato, omnino marginato ;

scutello inequaliter punctato ; elytris annulato-punctatis, lineis

punctorum quatuor geminatis striaque suturali profunda, inter-

stitiis minute marginibusque externis confuse punctulatis :

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 11

162 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

3, pygidio modice convexo, nudo, subtiliter coriaceo: pedis antici

ungue interno basi dentato :

9, pygidio deplanato, transverse striolato et parce irregulariter

punctato, punctis setiferis.

Long. 29-32 mm. ; lat. max. 15-16 mm.

Hab. S. Nierrta: Calabar, Gaboon.

The species was found by Du Chaillu in the Gaboon

region and has been more recently taken by Col. F. Winn

Sampson. It is the largest known to me and of a deep red

colour, all the others being black. There is no trace of

depression or tubercles behind the front margin of the pro-

notum. The punctures of the elytra are large and annular,

and the intervening spaces are finely, but quite distinctly,

punctulated. The outer margins are rather irregularly

dotted with fine punctures only.

The inner claw of the front tarsus of the male of this

species bears a small tooth beneath. The sexes also differ in

the pygidium, which is more flattened and pointed in the

female and transversely striolated, with scattered punctures

bearing short erect sete, while in the male it is convex, bare,

and coriaceous.

Prionoryctes caniculus, sp. n.

Elongatus, niger, nitidus, corpore subtus breyiter rufo-hirsuto,

capite omnino rugoso, fronte medio leviter impressa, tuberculis

duobus sat remotis instructa; pronoto toto marginato, grosse

punctato, medii postice punctis paulo magis subtilibus, ante

marginem anticum tuberculis duobus connatis fere obsoletis

instructo ; scutello leviter punctato; elytris grosse punctatis, lineis

quatuor geminatisstriaque suturali profunda, interstitiis sat crebre

marginibusque externis creberrime punctulatis :

3, pygidio convexo, nudo, subtiliter coriaceo.

Long. 28 mm.; lat. max. 130 mm,

Hab. S. Nigeria: Calabar.

A single male specimen has been presented by Col. F.

Winn Sampson to the British Museum. It has the form

but not the colour of P. rufopiceus, and is also differently

punctured. The lines of large punctures upon the elytra

are stronger and deeper, and the microscopic punctulation

of the surface between the punctures at the lateral and

apical margins is finer and closer. It is also distinguishable

by the vestiges of a pair of tubercles behind the front

margin of the pronotum, but there is no punctured de-

pression as described in P. capreolus, Qued., nor is there a

smooth median line extending to the posterior margin. The

Coleopterous Subfamily Dynastine. 163

inner claw of the front tarsus is not toothed as in the male

of the last-described species.

Prionoryctes breviusculus, sp. n.

Breyiter cylindricus, postice paulo ampliatus, niger, nitidus, corpore

subtus piceo-rufo, breviter rufo-hirsuto; capite omnino rugoso,

fronte medio leviter impressa, tuberculis duobus sat remotis

armata; prothorace toto marginato, grosse punctato, medii

postice punctis paulo magis subtilibus, ante marginem anticum

tuberculis duobus connatis fere obsoletis instructo ; scutello paulo

punctato; elytris punctatis, lineis quatuor geminatis striaque

suturali profunda, interstitiis disperse marginibusque externis

ereberrime punctulatis; pygidio crebre et minute coriaceo :

2, pygidio basi breviter setoso.

Long. 22°5 mm.; lat. max. 12°5 mm.

Hab. 8. Nicerta: Lagos (Ussher) ; Liserta (A. McCloy).

The Museum contains one specimen of each sex.

This is the smallest known species and has a rather short

and compact form, the elytra broadest a little before the

extremity. It is black above and strongly and deeply punc-

tured, with very fine punctulations scantily sprinkled between

the large punctures of the elytra, but densely crowded at the

outer margins. The pygidium is convex and coriaceous in

both sexes, and the puncture-bearing set in the female are

confined to the base, and not, as in P. rufopiceus, scattered

over the surface. The inner front claws of the male are not

toothed.

In constituting his genera Prosphileurus and Archophanes

Prof. Kolbe has omitted any reference to their sexual

_characteristics, perhaps because he knew only one sex. The

latter genus exhibits almost the highest developed armature

found in female Lamellicornia. A close similarity between

the sexes is a feature of the group Phileurini, which is princi-

pally American, but the armature is generally little developed

in the group. In the allied Oriental forms for which I have

made the genus Hophileurus, and in most of the related

African genera (e. g. Rhizoplatys), differences appear both in

superficial configuration and in the front tarsi, and it is

interesting to find Phileurini strayed so far from the metro-

polis of the group in which the armature is exceptionally

developed and yet not sexual. The females of Archophanes

cratericolis, Fairm., and Prosphileurus poggei, Har., and

especially the former, are remarkably male-like. Both

species seem to have a very wide range, the first extending

tL*

164 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

from the Cameroons to Uganda and the second from Sierra

Leone to Angola.

Certain insects of this group which inhabit Madagascar

do not belong to any existing genus; for these I constitute

the following :— ;

HovoPHILEURUs, gen. nov.

Corpus elongatum, cylindricum. Caput triangulare, clypeo acumi-

nato, apice reflexo. Mandibula extus obtuse dentata, apice

acuminata, reflexa. Maxilla longe ac dense pilosa, dentibus

duobus geminatis acutis inferioribus armata. Mentum elon-

gatum, parabolicum, antice constrictum et bilobatum. Pro-

sternum antice paulo acute productum, postice erectum, trunca-

tum. ‘Tibia antica acute tridentata, posteriores apice dilatate,

multidentate et setifere. Tarsorum posticorum articulus basalis

extus fortiter productus. Propygidium absque striis stridula-

torus.

¢. Tarsi antici articulus ultimus inflatus, ungue interno profunde

bitido,

The genus is intermediate between Phileurus and Rhizo-

platys. One of its species, Hovophileurus sulcicollis, Fairm.,

has been placed in the latter, but has not its principal

diagnostic feature, viz, the dilated mentum partially con-

cealing the palpi. The serrate extremities of the hind tibize

and the erect and truncate prosternal process also distinguish

the new genus. In addition to H. sulcicollis, Fairm., the

two following species are in the British Museum :—

Hovophileurus sulcipennis, sp. un.

Niger, nitidus, modice convexus, corpore subtus brunneo-piloso,

capite ruguloso, antice acute producto, vertice medio tuberculato ;

pronoto undique parum equaliter punctato, lateribus fortiter

arcuatis, angulis anticis acutis productis, posticis obtusissimis sed

vix rotundatis, dorso antice excavato, utrinque paulo acuminato,

fossa laxe rugosa; scutello antice rugoso; elytris profunde sul-

catis, sulcis annulato-punctatis, interstitiis ineequalibus, 2°, 6° et

8° latis, grosse punctatis, reliquis levibus, alte convexis, apicibus

planatis, grosse et crebre punctatis ; metasterno sat dense rufo-

hirto :

3, pygidio valde convexo, equaliter crebre rugoso :

@, pygidio minus convexo, apice subnitido,

Long. 18-22 mm.; lat. max. 9°5-11°5 mm.

Hab. N. Mavacascar: Diego Suarez.

The type in the British Museum isa male, and I have seen

Coleopterous Subfamily Dynastiue: 165

a female from Dr. Sicard’s collection. Except in the ante-

rior claws the sexes differ little, but the pygidium of the

female is less convex and less finely and evenly rugose than

that of the male. The prothorax has in both sexes a deep

median excavation which occupies nearly a third of the

breadth of the thorax and has its walls slightly acuminate on

each side in front. The elytra are deeply grooved, with

large annular punctures in the grooves and similar ones upon

some of the interstices, which are broader and less elevated

than the rest. The metasternum is less densely hairy than

that of H. sulcicollis, Fairm., but much more so than in the -

following species.

Hovophileurus canaliculatus, sp. n.

Niger, parum nitidus aut convexus, abdomine fusco-rufo, corpore

subtus parcissime hirsuto; capite leviter ruguloso, antice acute

producto, vertice medio tuberculato; pronoto toto fortiter sat

erebre punctato, lateribus valde arcuatis, angulis anticis acutis,

posticis obtusis sed bene indicatis, medio profunde et anguste

canaliculato; scutello grosse punctato ; elytris toto rugose punc-

tulatis, profunde striatis, striis plus minusve crenatis, interstitio

secundo antice et postice, 4° postice, 6° toto grosse seriatim, 8° et

10° irregulariter punctatis, apicibus planatis, grosse et crebre

punctatis, metasterni lateribus crebre punctatis, parce pilosis :

pygidio dense rugoso.

Long. 19 mm.; lat. max. 9 mm.

Hab. N. Mapacascar: Diego Suarez.

The only specimen I have seen is a female in the British

Museum. The prothorax has only a narrow median groove,

its posterior angles are well-marked, the elytra have a close

microscopic punctulation which produces a less shining

appearance than that of the other two species, and the lower

surface is only very scantily clothed with hair.

Pentodon australis, Blackb., cannot be allowed to remain

in that essentially Palearctic genus, to which its relationship

is rather remote. It has the aspect and general characters

of Heteronychus, from which it differs in the absence of

stridulatory striz upon the propygidium. Its nearest ally

seems to be Heteronychus australis, Fauvel, described many

years earlier from the female alone and inhabiting New

Caledonia. The two species agree in having the glossy

unpunctured pronotum, the thickened front tarsi in the male

and other features of Heteronychus, as well as in the want of

166 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

stridulating apparatus, and I propose to put them together

in a new genus, to be called

METANASTES, gen. nov.

The typical species is M. australis, Fauvel, and to avoid

the double employment of the same name the later-described

Australian insect must be renamed M. blackburni.

In the hitherto unknown male of M. australis the head

has a single (instead of paired) tubercle and a rather deep

pit behind it. No such sexual difference is found in Hetero-

nychus, nor does it reappear in M. blackburni, but the females

of the two species are so much alike that it appears to me

impossible to separate them generically. In M. australis,

Fauvel, the elytra are rather more closely and irregularly

punctured than in M. blackburni, and the front tibie are

simply tridentate, while in the latter there are one or two

minute secondary teeth.

In the female of M. australis the pygidium is flat and in

the male very convex.

The genus Euetheola was formed by Bates for the single

species Heteronychus humilis, Burm., the author comparing

it with Dyscinetus bidentatus, Burm. The latter insect,

although differing from HK. humilis in the thickened front

tarsi of the male, is in other respects very closely allied to it.

It differs entirely from Dyscinetus in its toothed clypeus and

in the produced and exposed front part of the mandibles, as

well as in its general aspect. The alternative is presented

of transferring it to Evetheola or making another genus for

it, and for the present I prefer the former course.

The following is a third closely related species :—

Euetheola latipennis, sp. n.

Nigra, nitida, elytris subopacis, brevis, postice lata, elypeo rugoso,

antice angusto, bidentato, a fronte carina angulata divisa, fronte

antice fortiter punctata, postice levi; prothorace ubique grossis-

sime punctato, toto marginato, lateribus fortiter arcuatis ;

scutello punctato; elytris haud profunde punetato-striatis, ad

marginem anticum rectis, ad humeros acute prominentibus,

postice dilatatis ; pygidio grosse et confluenter punctato; corpore

subtus nigro, nitido, lateribus rugose punctatis; tibiis anticis

fortiter et acute tridentatis :

¢, tarsis anticis incrassatis, unguibus insqualibus.

Long. 13-14 mm.; lat. max. 7°8 mm.

Hab. Marro Grosso: Cuyaba; Paracuay: Sapucay.

Coleopterous Subfamily Dynastine. 167

The sharply angulated shoulders of the elytra, which are

traceable in E. bidentata, Burm., are here much more

marked, and the elytra regularly increase in width from the

shoulders to near the extremities. Their semiopaque surface

and shallow striation are also very distinctive, as are the very

coarsely punctured prothorax and pygidium.

One specimen was taken at Sapucay by Mr. W. Foster,

and I have received a considerable series from Messrs. Stau-

dinger and Bang- Haas.

Pucaya pulchra, sp.n. (PI. IV. fig. 7.)

¢@. Castanea, capite prothoraceque obscurioribus, hujus lateribus

(puncto mediano fusco excepto) punctisque duobus transverse

ante basin positis flavis, elytrorum fascia obliqua a basi usque ad

angulum suturalem, circum marginem externum fere ad humerum

recurrenti, pygidiique lateribus similiter coloratis: elongata,

parallela, polita, capite rugose punctato, utrinque breviter acute

- ecornuto, clypeo lato, margine recto, reflexo ; prothorace trans-

verso, vix punctato, medio leviter canaliculato, antice paulo retuso,

lateribus fortiter arcuatis, angulis posticis obsoletis ; elytris parce

subtiliter punctatis, punctis nonnullis discoidalibus seriatis ;

pygidio levissime punctato, sterno dense haud longe fulvo-hirto.

Long. 20 mm.; lat. max. 10 mm.

Hab. Cotomsta.

The single male specimen in the British Museum was

formerly in the Reiche Collection. Although closely similar

in all points of structure to the typical species of this genus

(Pucaya castanea, Ohaus), its bright orange markings render

it of peculiar interest and seem to indicate a diurnal habit,

like that of the species of Cyclocephala, in which, almost

alone amongst the Dynastinz, similar patterns are found.

P. castanea has the sombre colouring characteristic of the

subfamily, and, as Dr. Ohaus has recorded, is nocturnal.

P. pulchra is smaller than P. castanea, much more hairy

beneath, and with a faint and scanty puncturing of the elytra

which has wholly disappeared in the latter species. The

head, on the contrary, is less roughly sculptured, the clypeal

margin is more reflexed, and the horns are very short but

acute; as in P. castanea, they immediately adjoin the inner

edge of the eyes. The prothorax in the unique type speci-

men is Jess humped than in the other species, but bears

marginal and median depressions of exactly the same form

though less deep.

It seems probable from the description that the small

Peruvian species called Cyclocephala nodicollis by Kirsch also

belongs to this genus.

168 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

Dyscinetus dytiscoides, sp.n. (PI. IV. fig. 13.)

Longe ovalis, parum convexus, flavus, corpore supra olivaceo-nigro,

clypeo prothoracisque lateribus flavis; capite subtilissime sat

parce punctulato, elypeo subquadrato, autice leviter emarginato ;

prothorace vix fortius punctato, margine antico yvix angulato,

postico immarginato, lateribus bene marginatis; scutello impunc-

tato; elytris equaliter haud fortiter punctatis, seriebus quatuor

geminatis punctorum, lateribus omnino arcuatis, apicibus sat

angustis, paulo setosis; pygidio haud tecto, rugose punctato,

setoso, utrinque impresso; pedibus gracilibus, flavis:

3, tarsis anticis paulo incrassatis, ungue majore profunde fisso.

Long. 19-22 mm.; lat. max. 10-12 mm.

Hab. CotomBia, VENEZUELA.

This has a curious resemblance to a water-beetle of the

genus Dytiscus in its outline and coloration, as well as in the

texture of the surface. Its very elongate oval shape, the

pale lower surface, legs, and sides of the prothorax produce

an appearance which immediately distinguish it from every

other known species of Dyscinetus.

Stenocrates ligneus, sp. n.

Castaneus, vertice utrinque prothoracisque maculis duabus magnis

discoidalibus fuscis, elytrorum disco plerumque vage obscuriore,

corpore subtus pedibusque flavo-castaneis; ovalis, parum con-

vexus, fere nudus, pedibus brevissimis, clypeo rugoso, brevi,

truncato, margine reflexo, antice subtilissime sinuato, vertice

parce punctato; prothorace grosse, haud dense, punctato, lateri-

bus regulariter arcuatis; scutello punctato; elytris crebre punc-

tatis, seriebus tribus discoidalibus punctorum regulariter gemi-

natis ; pygidio grosse punctato; corpore subtus levi, metasterni

lateribus paulo Buoleus 5 maris et foeminis fere similibus.

Long. 12-15 mm.; lat. max. 6-8 mm.

Hab. Braztu: Manaos, Ega.

This is an isolated species both in form and colour. It is

the only not-black species known to me, and its closely

punctured elytra give it an unusually dull appearance. Its

short depressed pe m and very short legs i in both sexes seem

to indicate habits different from those of its congeners. The

hind tibiz are rather less flattened than usual, and the clypeal

suture, though well marked, is not carinate. The insect

appears to resemble Dyscinetus luridus, Burm., in coloration,

but the description of the pygidium &e. of that species shows

that it is not the same.

A specimen was taken at Ega by H. W. Bates, and I have

received a series collected at Manaos.

Coleopterous Subfamily Dynastine. 169

The insect for which Bates formed the genus Barotheus

(B. andinus, Bates) appears to be without doubt the Anco-

gnatha castanea of Krichson. The latter described the

antennze as 9-jointed and the former called them 10-jointed,

the fact being that, as in the species next mentioned, the

number of joints is inconstant, and I have examined a

specimen in which there are nine joints to the right antenna

and ten joints to the left. The species must be called Baro-

theus castaneus, Er., Bates’s name, as well as the name

peruana, given by Harold, being synonymical.

Ancognatha equata, Bates, is synonymous with A. manca,

Lec., and the specimen to w hich the latter name was given by

Bates (Biol. Centr.-Amer., Col. ii. 2, p. 298) is a variety or

allied species in too fragmentary a state for exact determina-

tion. A. manca is described as characterized by having only

nine joints to the antenna. This is due to the more or less

complete fusion of the fifth and sixth joints, which occurs

also in other species, but is not constant. When the fusion

is incomplete the antenna appears either 9- or 10-jointed,

according to the side on which it is examined. As in the

preceding case, 9- and 10-jointed forms may be found in the

same species, and in one specimen which I have examined

one antenna must be described as 9-jointed and the other as

10-jointed.

Ancognatha vulgaris, sp. n.

The species of which both sexes were figured by Bates

under the name of 4. humeralis, Burm. (Biol. Ceutr.-Amer.,

Col. i. 2, p. 298, pl. 17. figs. 13, 14), is a quite distinct

species, although superficially very similar. 1 have seen a

long series of A. humeralis, Burm., from Cauca, Colombia.

In this form, as mentioned by Burmeister, the pygidium is

smooth, with a thick tuft of hairs at the end. The species

figured by Bates is larger and the pygidium is entirely

clothed with hairs in the male and fringed in the female.

The female has a very strong lateral lobe near the middle of

each elytron, which is absent in A. humeralis and all other

species of Ancognatha known to me. ‘The unnamed species

may be called A. vulgaris. It ranges from Panama to Peru

and the Upper Amazons (Nauta).

Bates has associated two species as the two sexes of

Ancognatha quadripunctata, Bates. I believe only the single

male specimen figured really belongs to it. The other

specimens are of very different appearance and not closely

170 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

related to the type. Both sexes of this species are repre-

sented in the British Museum, and I here describe it as

Ancognatha falsa, sp.n. (Pl. IV. fig. 10.)

Pallide testacea, clypei margine, utriusque lateris elevatione parva

verticeque extremo, elytrorum utrinque maculis postscutellari et

humerali genubusque nigris: supra nitidissima, capite subopaco,

rude punctato, prothorace parce et minute punctato, haud lato,

antice paulo angustato, elytris obsolete lineato-punctatis ; pygidio

parcissime punctato; utriusque sexus tarsis brevibus :

3, pedum anticorum ungue majori apice minutissime fisso ; pygidio

parce fulvo-hirto :

©, elytrorum lateribus haud dilatatis.

Long. 17-23 mm.

Hab. Mexico: Peras, Capulalpam, Mexico City.

Although he did not record the locality, Bates also united

with A. 4-punctata a specimen from Guatemala of another

species allied to A. falsa. This is here described from

examples of both sexes.

‘ Ancognatha sellata, sp. n.

Longe ovata, postice sat lata, testacea, polita, capite toto infuscato,

elytris antice nigro-maculatis, macula nigra postice ad marginum

interiorum et exteriorum medium producta, tibiis extus tarsisque

nigris ; capite leviter minute punctato, clypeo longo, vix acumi-

nato ; prothorace scutelloque vix punctatis, illius lateribus a

basi arcuatim approximatis, angulis posticis parum rotundatis ;

elytriis parcissime punctatis; metasterno dense, pygidio abdo-

mineque parcius fulvo-hirtis.

Long. 18-24 mm.; lat. max. 10-12 mm.

Hab. Guaremata: San Marcos (El Rincon).

The sharp-pointed clypeus, falciform mandibles, and very

convex prothorax of A. 4-punctata are wanting in this species

as in A. falsa. It is very like the latter, but differs by the

black head and large black patch occupying the anterior

part of the elytra and produced to about the middle of the

inner and outer margins. The sides of the thorax are less

strongly rounded and the hind angles more marked. The

two sexes are similar, the pygidium being thinly hairy in

both.

Cyclocephala ocellata, Burm., was placed in the now-

restricted genus Ancognatha on account of the clypeus, and

was attributed by Burmeister to Mexico. It is a Brazilian

species taken at Ega by Bates.

Culeopterous Subfamily Dynastine. [72

The name nigrocephala applied by Schénherr to Olivier’s

C. melanocephala (pronounced by Illiger to be distinct from

the melanocephala of Fabricius) had been previously used by

De Geer, and I have therefore called the species G. oliviert.

Cyclocephala stolata, Er., is evidently synonymous with

C. dispar, Herbst (=C. dorsalis, Burm.).

Cyclocephala pubescens, Burm., must be added to the list of

Central-American species, the examples from Nicaragua and

Panama assigned by Bates to C. lucida, Burm., really be-

longing to the former, first recorded from Peru. It was

independently described with the name pudescens by both

Burmeister and Erichson; but Dr. Ohaus states that the

types of both authors had the same origin, and, although

the descriptions differ greatly, there is no doubt that they

represent varieties of the same species. C. pubescens and

C. lucida belong to a group of very closely related and

variable forms which all pass through a range of almost

identical colour-phases. ‘The typical phase of C. lucida

appears to be confined to Mexico. The specimens from

Guatemala (Zapote) form a smaller and less spotted variety.

C. pubescens, which replaces it to the south, is with difficulty

distinguishable from this variety, but in the female the

lateral lobe of the elytra forms a minute but very prominent

tongue, whereas in C. /ucida it is an obtuse angulation. The

cedeagus of the male is rather more slender.

The following is another very closely related species :—

Cyclocephala venezuele, sp. u.

Rufo-testacea, nitida, capite toto, vittis pronoti duabus postice

abbreviatis, elytrorum marginibus anticis et lateralibus (his

postice abbreviatis), macula circumscutellari ad marginem con-

nexa punctisque utrinque tribus, tibiis tarsisque nigris; capite

sat fortiter punctato ; prothorace elytrisque parce haud profunde

punctatis; abdomine cum pygidio fulvo-hirto :

3, pedibus anticis multo crassatis :

2, elytris extus post medium obtuse dilatatis.

Long. 19-22 mm. ; lat. max. 10-12 mm.

Hab. VenezvueE.a.

This closely resembles C. lucida, but is rather more

shining and scantily punctured. It differs also by its black

head, tibize and tarsi, the two thoracic marks which reach

the front margin, but are curtailed behind, and the black

margin to the anterior part of the elytra, which unites with

lai Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

the large juxtascutellar spots. It is equally closely allied

to C. tutelina, Burm., in which the small elytral spots are

absent and the lateral lobe of the elytra in the female is

smaller and more abrupt.

Two species have received the name of C. villosa, the first

being a Bolivian species of Blanchard’s. I propose to sub-

stitute borealis for villosa, Burm., a North-American insect.

Chalepus leucophthalmus, Fisch., appears to me from the

description to be Cyclocephala melanocephala, ¥., or one of

the two or three closely similar species.

A peculiar sexual difference characterizing a large pro-

portion of the species of Cyclocephala has been overlooked.

It occurs in the mandibles, those of the male being con-

spicuously toothed externally at the extremity. This is very

apparent in the following new species :—

Cyclocephala gregaria, sp.n. (Pl. IV. fig. 11.)

Nigra, prothorace, scutello, elytrorum macula utrinque media, vitta

suturali juncta (hac apice plerumque dilatata), abdomine pectore-

que plus minusve fulvis vel rufis; breviter ovata, corpore supra

et subtus plus minusve fulvo-hirsuto (feminis autem interdum

fere glabris); clypeo sat magno, antice truncato, rugoso, vertice

punctato; prothorace parce subtiliter punctato; scutello paulo

punctato ; elytris ineequaliter haud profunde punctatis :

3, subtiliter punctata, sat dense et longe pilosa, pygidio precipue,

mandibulis apice extus recte reflexis, tarsis anticis crassis, ungue

majori minute fisso :

2, elytris grossius et magis seriatim punctatis, paulo hirsutis,

pygidio nitido, parce punctato et hirsuto, elytrorum lateribus

multo post medium valde angulatis.

Long. 17-21 mm. ; lat. max. 9°5-11 mm.

Hab. Cotompia: Medellin (Buckley), Cauca Valley ;

Ecvuapor : Macas (Buckley).

Var. pallida. Fulva, capite, pedibus, pectoris lateribus, elytro-

rumque marginibus a basi ad partem tertiam fuscis.

Hab. Medellin.

I have received this from Messrs. Staudinger and Bang-

Haas with the unpublished name I have adopted. It is

nearly related to C. conspicua, Sharp, but differs in its hairy

clothing and immaculate pronotum. The markings are very

variable. In one specimen the elytra are black, with a large

quadrate reddish patch near the middle of each. Normally

there is also a stripe of the same colour upon the posterior

Coleopterous Subfamily Dynastine. Lie

half of the suture, becoming united with the median patches.

The sutural stripe may become dilated along the posterior

margin and the concurrent enlargement of the median

patches ultimately reduces the black parts to very narrow

limits.

The sexual differences are very marked. The male is

much more hairy than the female and the latter has the

elytra much more strongly punctured and very abruptly

angulated behind the middle of the outer margin.

Cyclocephala rufovaria, sp.n. (PI. IV. fig. 14.)

Nigra, prothoracis plagis tribus (externis irregularibus, media

lineata), scutello, elytrorum fascia mediana angulata maculaque

cubapicali communi late y-formi fulvis vel rufis; sat breviter

ovata, clypeo lato, truncato, transverse rugoso, fronte prothorace-

que irregulariter haud dense punctatis ; scutello paullo punctato ;

elytris irregulariter sed distincte punctatis; pygidio subtiliter

parce punctato, late rufo-setoso :

g, tarsis anticis crassatis, ungue majori minute fisso, mandibulis

extus productis :

Q, elytrorum lateribus post medium acute angulatis.

Long. 17-19 mm. ; lat. max. 9-10 mm.

Hab. Ecuavor (Buckley) ; Perv.

This also is closely related to C. conspicua, Sharp, and,

like it, smooth and shining, but the abdomen, with the

pygidium, is black and the pattern a little different. There

is a black spot at each lateral margin of the pronotum and

the two median black lines extend from the front to the

hind margin, where, as well as at the middle, each gives off

an external branch. There is no posterior red sutural stripe

upon the elytra. In the female the elytra are very sharply

toothed behind the middle of the outer edge, much more so

than in C. conspicua or C. gregaria.

Cyclocephala carbonaria, sp. n.

Nigra, nitida, glabra, capite magno, clypeo fere semicirculari, antice

impunctato, postice cum fronte et pronoto parce sed distincte

punctatis ; hoc lato, lateribus late marginatis, basi immarginato ;

scutello minute punctato; elytris parallelis, grosse punctatis,

punctis plerumque in seriebus ordinatis, in lateribus et apicibus

oo et irregularibus ; pygidio modice punctato, apice fere

evi :

3, pedibus anticis incrassatis, ungue majori valde incurvato, apice

minute fisso; tibie dente supero recte truncato.

Long. 19°5-22°5 mm.; lat. max. 11-12 mm.

174 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

Hab. Nicaracua: Chontales (Janson); Panama: Chiriqui.

Two specimens in the British Museum formed part of

the Fry Collection, and a series was sent to me by Messrs.

Staudinger and Bang-Haas. I have placed the species in

Cyclocephala rather than in Dyscinetus on account of the

large, smooth clypeus, of which the suture is obliterated,

and the shape of the mandibles, which are bluntly produced

in front. In its size, shape, and general appearance the

insect resembles C. variolosa, Burm., but the clypeus is

regularly rounded and the pronotum is not margined behind.

The female is without the lateral expansion of the elytra

occurring in that of C. variolosa, and another peculiar

feature is found in the truncation of the uppermost tooth of

the front tibia of the male.

Cyclocephala latipennis, sp.n. (Pl. IV. fig. 12.)

Piceo-nigra, glabra, nitida, lata; capite grandi, clypeo elliptico,

margine alte reflexo, antice impunctato, postice cum fronte et

pronoto minute et sparse punctatis, hujus lateribus paulo de-

planatis, marginatis, basi immarginato; scutello vix punctato ;

elytris latis, latitudine maximo post medium ; grosse haud crebre

punctatis, punctis plerumque seriatim ordinatis ; pygidio glabro,

fere impunctato :

6, tarsis anticis incrassatis, ungue majori valde incuryato, apice

minute fisso.

Long. 25 mm.; lat. max. 14 mm.

Hab. Ecuapor: Macas (Buckley).

A single male was acquired with the collection of the late

Alexander Fry. It is closely related to the species just

described, but larger, much broader, and less strongly

punctured, the head, pronotum, and pygidium being very

smooth and shining. The last joint of the front tarsus (in

the male type specimen) is of enormous size,

Cyclocephala liomorpha, sp. n.

Rufo-testacea, elytris lete flavis, sutura marginibusque externis

nigris, macula juxta-scutellari ovali, alia humerali, tertia magna

mediana, his saturate brunneis, nigro-cireumdatis, lineolaque

apicali nigra; corpus elongato-ovatum, fere glabrum, clypeo

semicirculari, subtiliter punctato-rugoso, fronte et pronoto nitidis,

leviter punctatis, hoc transverso, antice angustato, angulis posticis

toto rotundatis; scutello distincte punctato; elytris late sed

distincte lineato-punctatis :

3, pygidio subtiliter coriaceo, pedum anticorum tarsis crassis,

ungue interno dilatato, minute fisso, tibia antica acute bidentata :

Q, elytris extus medio obtuse angulatis, pygidio crebre punctato,

pedum anticorum tarsis simplicibus, tibia tridentata.

Long. 12-13 mm. ; lat, max, 6°5-7'5 mm,

Coleopterous Subfamily Dynastine. 175

Hab. Brazii: Ega.

Two males and a female were collected by H. W. Bates.

It is a pretty and conspicuous species, recalling by its

colouring and superficial appearance one of the Erotylide,

or the similarly decorated Carabidze of the genus Lia, which

inhabit the same region. The body and legs are of a brick-

red colour, except the elytra, which are bright yellow and

each decorated with four spots, of which the two anterior

and the large median one are mahogany-red encircled by

black.

Cyclocephala flora, sp.n. (Pl. IV. fig. 9.)

Lete testacea, vertice nigro, pronoti medio late brunneo, elytris

rufis, singulo paulo ante medium macula magna flava circulari

fusco-circumdato ornato ; corpus ovatum, glabrum, clypeo parvo,

subtruncato, rugoso, margine reflexo, fronte sat fortiter punctata ;

prothorace scutelloque nitidissimis, rare et minute punctatis, illo

_haud lato, antice angustato, angulis posticis omnino rotundatis ;

elytris ad ultra medium nitidis, subobsolete seriato-punctatis,

deinde densissime et subtilissime rugosis, toto opacis ; pygidio

nudo, subtiliter parce punctato; tibiis anticis acute tridentatis :

2 , elytrorum lateribus post medium obtuse angulatis et callosis.

Long. 14°5 mm. ; lat. max. 8 mm.

Hab. Peru: Nauta.

This peculiar and beautiful species is described from a

single specimen taken long ago by Degand at Nauta on the

Upper Amazons. It is a female and it is possible that the

strongly contrasting opaque apical part of the elytra is a

feature of that sex alone. I have described a similar, but

much less developed, condition in the female of the West

African Ruteloryctes tristis, and in an allied group the same

sexual phenomenon appears in the Indian Anomala rugosa,

Arrow. This peculiar surface distinguishes it immediately

from all other known species of Cyclocephala, but its colouring

is no less distinctive. It is yellow beneath and red-brown

above, with broad lateral borders to the pronotum, the

scutellum and a large round spot about the middle of each

elytron are of a bright orange colour and the spots are broadly

ringed with black.

Cyclocephala brevissima, sp. n. (Pl. IV. fig. 8.)

Nigra, singulo elytro macula antica sanguinea alteraque postica

ornato, his plerumque confluentibus, aut immaculato; corpus

latum, brevissimum, fere discoidale, subtus cum pygidio (elytris-

que minutissime) fulyo-setoso; capite parvo, modice punctato,

176 On the Coleopterous Subfamily Dynastine.

clypeo angusto, truncato, prothorace nitido, convexo, ubique

minute punctato, lato, lateribus fortiter arcuatis, angulis posticis

rotundatis, basi medio breviter lobato ; ; scutello punctato ; elytris

sat crebre et equaliter rugoso-punctatis, lateribus postice densius ;

pedibus brevibus, tibiis anticis acute tridentatis, dente superiori

parvo, sed acutissimo, prope basin obsito :

3, clypei margine valde reflexo, tarsis anticis crassissimis, ungue

majori dilatato, minute fisso :

@, elytrorum marginibus post medium subito contractis.

Long. 14:5-16; lat. max. 8°5-9 mm.

Hab. Guiana: Cayenne ; Brazit: Para.

This species occupies a very isolated position by its

exceedingly short and broad form and the toothing of the

front tibia; the latter is very short and has its uppermost

tooth near the base and small but very sharp. The elytra

may be entirely blood-red, except the margins, the red colour

may divide into an anterior and posterior patch upon each,

or the whole body may be black.

The figures of Cyclocephala and allied forms upon Plate IV.

accompanying this paper serve only to indicate their outlines,

the red and yellow colours appearing black upon the photo-

graph. Upon Plate V. have been included figures of Golofa

antiqua and argentina, described by me in the last volume

of this Magazine (pp. 188, 189).

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PuatTeE IY.

Figs. 1, 3. Dipelicus borneensis, sp. n., 3 -

Fig. 2, :

Figs. 4, 6. Papuana semistriata, Bp. i,

Fig. n

5. ;

Fig. 7. Pucaya pulchra, sp. n.

8. Cyclocephala brevissima, sp. n.

: Jlora, sp. 2.

Fig.10. Ancognatha falsa, sp. n.

Fig. 11. Cyclocephala gregaria, sp. n.

latipennis, sp. 0.

Fig. 13. Dyscinetus dytiscoides, sp. n.

Fig. 14. Cyclocephala rufovaria, sp. n.

Puate V.

Figs. 1, 8. Dichodontus fissicornis, sp. n.. 3.

Fig. 2. ——,sp.n, 9.

Figs. 4,5. Golofa antiqua, Arrow, 3.

Fig. 6. Pseudohomonyx crassus, sp. n., 3.

Fig. 7. Golofa argentina, Arrow, ¢.

Fig. 8. —, 2.

On a new Sponge from Christmas Island. 177

XVILI.—On a new Lithonine Sponge from Christmas Island.

By RK. KirRKPATRICK.

WueEv looking over some pieces of rock dredged by me from

50 fathoms off Christmas Island, I came across two thin,

vitreous-white crusts, which were found to be Lithonine

sponges.

The larger crust, which covers an area of about 35 milli-

metres, is about 0°75 mm. thick in the centre, fining away

to a very thin edge. When magnified, the surface shows a

network of circular holes 0°09 mm. in diameter, and sharp

conical spikes rising up vertically about 0°12 mm. At the

bottom of the holes or pits and at the edges of the sponge a

dense white crust is visible. No surface membrane or soft

tissues remain, but loose spicules are visible, imbedded in

the skeleton.

The latter is constructed of fused four-rayed spicules, the

apical rays of which form the long conical surface spines,

and the other three facial rays the walls of the pits. The

dense basal crust is formed of much smaller, four-rayed,

densely packed spicules. The facial rays are cylindrical

and end each in a circular articulating surface. The under

surface of the crust has almost the appearance of a mosaic,

the facets being formed by the articular ends of the facial

rays of the small four-rayed spicules.

The loose spicules are mostly monaxons, curved at one

extremity, running to a sharp point at one end and rounded

at the other. The average size is 120x3°5 pw. One spicule

appears to be bifureated at one end, and may be regarded as

a three-rayed form.

The sponge seems to me to belong to a new species of

Pleetroninia, Hinde, and I propose to call it Plectroninia

deansit, after Captain J. Deans, by means of whose skill the

specimens were obtained.

Three other species of this genus are known, viz.:

P. halli, Hinde, a knob-shaped species from the Eocene of

Victoria; P. hindec, Kirkp., a thin incrusting form from

50 fathoms off Funafuti; and P. asstndie, Welter, a kncb-like

species from the Greensand of Essen.

The distinguishing feature of P. deansii lies in the

character of the loose spicules.

Ina paper on the Pharetron Sponge Murrayona (Proc.

Roy. Soc. 1910, p. 124) I divided the family Pharetronide

into three subfamilies, Dialytine, Lithoninee, and Murrayo-

nine, and stated that my classification was the same as that

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 12

178 On a new Sponge from Christmas Island.

given by Minchin (Lankester’s ‘Treatise on Zoology,’ Pori-

fera. p.110); but my statement was partly incorrect, for the

Dialytine, in my sense, included only one genus in Minchin’s

long list, viz. Lelapia, the whole of the rest of the genera in

that list coming under Lithonine and Pharetronine (see

below).

Concerning the theory of the nature of the “ Pharetron

fibre,” Rauff, in his great work ‘ Paleeospongologie’ (Palzeonto-

eraphica, Bd. 40), expresses the belief that the spicules of

the fibre were simply in apposition in the living sponge, and

that they have been cemented into solid fibres during the

process of fossilization. Steinmann (‘ Palzeontologie,’ ed. 2,

1907) considers that the spicules have been joined togetlier

by a cement formed by the living sponge.

Plectroninia deansii, sp. 0.

Fig. 1.—Specimen incrusting rock. Nat. size.

Fig. 2.—The same. X 6.

Fig. 3.—Side view near edge of sponge. x 115.

Fig. 4.—Surface view. xX 75.

Figs. 5-8.—Small four-rayed spicules of various sizes, X 400.

Fig. 9.—Monaxon spicule. x 400.

Fig. 10.—Triaxon spicule. x 400.

My own investigation of certain recent Pharetronid sponges

inclines me to the belief that Steinmann’s theory is the true

one. Among living Pharetrones we find, however, some

with spicules uncemented (Lelapia, Kelira), and others again

with cemented spicules (Lithonine). A revised classification

of Pharetrones, based partly_on that of Minchin and partly

Descriptions and Records of Bves. 179

on tliat of Steinmann and Welter (Verh. Ver. Rheinland,

1910, p. 1), would be as follows :—

Family Pharetronide, Zittel *—Heterocela with spicules united

into bundles and fibres. (Tuning-fork spicules often present.)

Subfamily 1. Draryrinz, Rauff.—Spicules not cemented. (Leda-

pia, Kebira.)

Subfamily 2. Paarrrronip&, Steinmann.—Spicule-bundles ce-

mented into solid anastomosing fibres.

Subfamily 3. Liraontn&, Diderlein.—Anastomosing fibres formed

of 4-rayed spicules cemented together.

Subfamily 4. Murrayoninm, K.—Fibres of main skeleton

formed of caleareous substance (? cement), without an axial

core of spicules.

XIX.—Descriptions and Records of Bees—XXXVII.t

iby ‘T. D. A. COCKERELL, University of Colorado.

Dianthidium sinapinum, sp. nu.

2? .—Length about 8 mm.

Compact, hght mustard-yellow, with black and pale dull

ferruginous markings ; head, thorax, and abdomen densely

and strongly punctured ; head large ; eyes pale olivaceous ;

mandibles with the cutting-edge broad, dark brown, having

only the apical tooth and a rather poorly developed second

one; clypeus quadrate, its lower margin denticulate ; scape

yellow ; flagellum ferruginous, the apical two-thirds dusky,

the end of the last segment blackish ; ocellar region biack,

sending a broad black stripe downward to each antennal

socket, or these black markings may be evanescent and

largely replaced by pale reddish ; upper part of clypeus and

sides of face sometimes stained with reddish ; mesothorax

with a broad median black band, expanding posteriorly, and

two broad sublateral ones, ending in front at level of front

of tegule, or these bands may be narrower and broadly

edged with ferruginous ; hair of face, sides of thorax, and

ventral scopa pure shining white; anterior margin of meso-

thorax with appressed white hair, the rest with scanty

* A writer in ‘Nature’ (Jan. 12, 1911, p. 345) objects to the use of

the term Pharetronid on the ground that there is no genus Phuretron.

} An error occurs in part xxxy. (‘ Arnals,’ 1911, vii. p. 311): Sigiriis

in Ceylon, not in N.W. Incin.

12%

180 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

yellowish hair, and scutellum with longer yellow hair;

scutellum projecting, rounded, thin-edged, emarginate but

not dentate; axillze obtusely but evidently angled ; lower

part of occiput and opposing part of prothorax black,

the latter with a large round yellow spot on each side;

middle of metathorax blackened ; tegulz yellow, with a large

pale ferruginous spot and hyaline margin. Wings hyaline,

broadly infuscated apically, and with a dark streak in

marginal cell; stigma red with a dark margin; nervures

piceous ; b. n. meeting t.-m.; secondr. n. going well beyond

end of second s.m. Legs bright yellow without markings,

the small joints of tarsi becoming reddish ; pulvillus rndi-

mentary. Abdomen yellow, with the hind margins of the

segments pale ferruginous, and a narrow longitudinal black

or partly reddish line or band running down the middle of

the first three or four segments.

Hab. Karachi, N.W. India (£. Comber). British Museum.

This belongs to the bellicosum-group of Dianthidium, and

is aberrant for the genus, approaching Proanthidium. It

nearly agrees with tke description of <Anthidium saltator,

Nurse, from Deesa, but differs by the broadly darkened

apical margins of the wings and the absence of dark markings

on the legs. It is just possible that it is only a race of

saltator. Structurally, there is much resemblance to

A, subochraceum, Walker.

Dianthidium rasorium (Smith).

Anthidium rasorium, Smith, 1875. India.

Proanthidium soliferum, sp. 0.

2 .—Length about or not quite 7 mm.

Black, marked with pale yellow ; head and thorax densely

punctured ; abdomen shining, with the punctures well

separated ; ventral scopa pure white; mandibles quadri-

dentate, yellow, with the teeth black, and the subapical

corner broadly red; clypeus high, differing from that of

oblongatum in the concave lateral outlines ; clypeus, lateral

face-marks covering lateral areas up to a little above

antennal sockets, and broad lower border of supraclypeal

area sending a band upwards on each side and a little tooth

in middle, all ye/low ; front entirely black ; a broad yellow

band almost entirely covering cheeks and continuous across

top of head ; antenne black, the apical margin of the scape

narrowly dark red, and the flagellum obscurely reddish

Records of Bees. 181

beneath ; tubercles yellow, sharply keeled; mesothorax

with broad yellow lateral bands, pointed behind, and ex-

tending along the anterior margin fur some distance, their

ends here abruptly truncate; scutellum projecting, broad

and short, almost straight-edged, emarginate in middle, not

toothed, the sides occupied by a pair of large triangular

yellow patches, the axillz, which are not toothed or angled,

also yellow; pleura with white hair; tegulz bright ferrugi-

nous, with a yellow spot in front. Legs bright ferruginous,

with the following parts pale yellow: lower side of auterior

femora, posterior side of middle femora, subapical spot on

hind femora, and outer side of all the tibia. Wings dusky,

darker in marginal cell and apical field; b.n. going far

basad of t.-m. ; second r. n. going well beyond end of second

s.m. Abdomen with five broad pale yellow bands, broadly

interrupted on first three segments, more narrowly on

fourth, not quite completely on fifth; last two segments

eutirely black. No pulvilli.

3 .—Similar, but yellow markings brighter, those of head

stained with reddish ; mandibles tridentate ; lower margin

of elypeus fringed with white hair; front with a large in-

verted-cup-shaped yellow patch; posterior edge of scutellum

very straight, and emargination not evident ; pleura with a

small yellow spot. Wings very dark ; legs nearly all yellow,

reddish basally, hind femora marked with black behind ;

end of abdomen very simple, without lateral teeth, the

apex broadly shallowly emarginate, the lobes subangulate,

the structure not unlike that of Anthidium alpinum,

Morawitz.

Hab. N.W. India (EL. Comber). British Museum. Type

( 2) from Karachi ; male from ‘‘ Shpali.”

The male of P. soliferum nearly agrees with the description

of female Anthidium flavomaculatum, Cam., from Poona, but

it is larger, with darker wings, and must, I think, be

different, even if the supposed female flavomaculatum should

prove to be really a male.

Anthidium friesei, n. un.

Anthidium flavomaculatum, Friese, Apide yon Argentina, 1908, p. 70.

Argentine Republic. (Not A. favomaculatam, Cameron, 1897.)

Anthidium ternarium, sp. n.

3 .—Length about 114 mm.

Black with bright chrome-yellow markings ; face narrow,

182 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

facial quadrangle much broader than high ; clypeus, lateral

face-marks (reaching to level of antenne, but the upper end

receding from eye), mandibles except apex, occipital band

interrupted in the middle, anterior lateral corners of meso-

thorax (forming a sort of L), axille, large mark on each side

of scutellum, underside of anterior and middle femora, patch

at apex of hind femora, outer side of tibize and _basitarsi,

very broad abdominal bands on segments 1 to 6 (interrupted

widely on first segments, successively more narrowly on the

others), and seventh segment (except in middle, and ends of

lateral teeth), all bright yellow ; lower margin of clypeus

dark ; antenne black ; sides of face, and front, with much

white hair; cheeks and pleura with much white hair; hair

of head and thorax above very pale ochreous-tinted ; scutel-

lum rounded, emarginate in middle ; tegulz yellow in front,

piceous behind, except the margin. Wings dusky ; b. n.

going basad of t.-m.; first r. n. ign extreme basal

corncr of second s.m., ‘and sccond r. n. going hardly beyond

its end; hind femora ‘with an obtuse kas tooth beneath.

Sides of abdomen with white hair; fifth segment with a

yellow tooth on each side, sixth with longer teeth, which are

largely black ; apical segment with three teeth, the middle

ene short, the others rather longer, directed outwardly.

Hab. Quetta, Sept. 1909 (E. “Comber -). British Museum.

In Friese’s table of paleearctic species this runs to 36,

and agrees with A. florentinum in the divergmg apical

teeth of abdomen, but with A. septemspinosum in having

white hair at sides of abdomen, instead of bundles of ockecean

hair. Compared with A. florentinum, it differs conspicuously

in the much shorter apical teeth of abdomen. Nurse states

that A. florentinum caucasicum (Rad.) is common in the

alfalfa fields at Quetta, and | naturally expected this insect

to be identical with it. 1 have never seen authentic caucasi-

cum, but, as described by Friese and Dusmet y Alonso, it isa

colour-variety of florentinum, not differing structurally.

Allodape pumilio, sp. n.

? .—Length a little over 4 mm.

Black, with clear hyaline wings; stigma and nervures

pale testaceous; labrum very dark reddish, with large

punctures; mandibles black: pale ochreous-tinted face-

mark with the upper part broad as usual, the lower narrower,

parallel-sided, not expanded Jaterally; front and sides of

vertex shining ¢; flagellum dark reddish beneath ; tegulee

hyaline-testaceous with a cream-coloured spot ; tubercles

Records of Bees. 1&3

cream-colour ; mesothorax and scutellum shining, base of

metathorax dull; legs piceous, with rather dilute brown

tarsi; hind tibia and basitarsus with much brilliantly shining

silvery hair; abdomen piceous, hind margins of segments

dorsally narrowly pallid ; last three segments granular, with

strong piliferous punctures.

/lab., Karachi, N.W. India (&. Comber; one is numbered

39). British Museum.

Known from the other Asiatic species by its very small

size, punctured apical part of abdomen, dark mandibles s, &e.

The first r. n. meets the first t.-c., whereas in A, picitarsis,

A. rufogastra, &c. it goes considerably beyond it.

Tetralonia leucopoda, sp. n.

é .—Length about 10} mm. ; antenne 94, reaching about

to fourth abdominal segment.

Black, with the pubescence pure white except as follows :

pale fulvous tinted on occiput, strongly fulvous on thorax

above, fawn-colour on sixth (except extreme sides) and last

abdominal segments, ferruginous on inner side of anterior

tarsi, dark fuscous on inner side cf middle and hind pair ;

head broad ; eyes pale green; clypeus aud large spot at base

of mandibles ght lemon-yellow, the yellow of clypeus

rectangularly notched on each side ; labrum yellowish white,

with much white hair; clypeus closely but shallowiy

punctured ; scape very short, black; flagellum long and

thick, bright ferruginous, the apical part strongly dusky

above ; mesothorax closely but not deeply punctured ;

tegule light ferruginous. Wings tinged with brown,

nervures and stigma dark ferruginous; legs with much

white hair. Abdomen finely punctured, with the hind margins

of the segments obscure reddish; fifth segment densely

covered with appressed white tomentum, fourtii with same,

except margin (broadly in middle, but gradually narrowing,

the tomeutum reaching margin at sides), third like fourth,

except that the bare area is so broad in middle as to reach

halfway to base, second with the white tomentum confined

to extreme base and very broad autero-lateral corners

(reaching hind margin at extreme sides); first segment with

the usual long hair; a sharp black tooth at each side of

apical segment ; apical plate dark ferruginous, broad,

squarely truncate, not notched subapically ; last ventral

segment with a concave shining basin. ‘Tarsi ferrugimous

at apex.

Hab, Nasik, N.W. India (£. Comber). British Muscum.

184 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

Among the Indian species this may be compared with

1h phryne (Nurse), which has the antennz as long as body,

the abdominal bands on second and third segments only

‘somewhat narrowed in the middle,” and the hair on the

legs differently coloured. It may also be compared with

1’. testacettarsis, Cam., but that has rufo-testaceous tarsi, and

I infer that the antenne are black.

Tetraloniella aliena, sp. n.

6 .—Length 8 mm. or a little more; antenne about

75 mm.

Black, with pale pubescence, very pale ochreous on thorax

above, white on face, pleura, cheeks, and legs; abdomen

very dark reddish, with dense greyish- white tomentum

covering the fifth seement, leaving a narrow apical margin

on fourth, leaving a broader margin (about apical third 3 in

middle) on third, and on second reduced to base and anterior

lateral corners (reaching hind margin at sides) ; head broad ;

eyes pale greenish ochreous ; clypeus (which is densely and

rather strongly punctured), large spot at base of mandibles,

and labrum, all lemon-yellow; mandibles (except for the

spot) dark, "faintly reddish toward apex; maxillary blade

obtuse, not much elongated; maxillary palpi small and

short, five-jointed, the third joint longest, nearly as long as

fourth and fifth together, these subequal ; scape short, black ;

flagellum entirely bright ferruginous; mesothorax densely

punctured; tegulz pale testaceous, very hairy. Wings

hyaline, faintly ‘dusky, nervures and stigma testaceous ; first

r, n. joining second s.m. at about the beginning of its last

third; third s.m. narrowed about half above ; ; b. n. falling a

little short of t.-m.; small joints of tarsi ferruginous ; hair

on inner side of tarsi pale orange-fulvous ; abdomen minutely

granular ; apical plate hairy, not notched subapically ; hair

of apical segments very pale fawn-colour.

Fab. Nasik, N.W. India, 2 g (#. Comber). British

Museum.

Distinguished from Tetralonia erythrocera, Cam., by the

longer antennz and testaceous nervures; from 7. cassandra

(Nurse) by the basal instead of apical abdominal bands and

the entirely red flagellum; from 7. punctata, Cam., by the

dark mandibles, tegule not yellow, and hair of abdomen not

fulvous. This is evidently congeneric with 7’. drevipennis

and 7. punctata, which Cameron describes as having four-

jointed maxillary palpi. Cameron’s figure of the palpi of

Records of Bees. 185

T. brevipennis appears to indicate that he did not count the

basal joint. I place these insects in Ashmead’s genus

Tetraloniella (type T. graja, Eversm.), although they do not

wholly agree in the venation. If we allow a moderate

latitude in our definition of Tetraloniella, it cannot very

well be separated from the American genus Xenoglossodes.

The genus Xenoglossodes was described by Ashmead (1899)

in the same paper as Tetraloniella, but on a later page, so

Tetraloniella must be given priority. Before sinking Xeno-

glossodes, however, it will be necessary to carefully compare

1’. graja, a species | do not possess.

1 have regarded Melissodes and its immediate allies in

America as of southern or neotropical derivation. It is now

evident that Nenoglossodes represents a northern or holarctic

type, from which Melissodes and Xenoglossa have been

derived in America.

Ceratina (Ceratinidia) eburneopicta, sp. n.

2? .—Length 64-7 mm.

Like C. morawitzii, Sickm., but all the markings ivory

colour instead of bright yellow; wings clear hyaline. Dis-

tinguished at once from ‘C. hier -oglyphica, Sm., by the small

size and the very densely punctured sides of mesothorax ; in

front.

Hab. N.W. India (Comber), British Museum. Type

from Salsette ; another from Khandala.

Perhaps only a local race of C. morawitzii.

Ceratina sexmaculata, var. purpurascens, var. nov.

3.—Deep blue-green, the head, thorax, and abdomen

strongly clouded or suffused with purple, especially the

front, vertex, and mesothorax. Seen without a lens, the

insect appears deep purple-blue, and looks just like Chrysis

cessata, Buyss., except that the colour is hardly so bright as

in the Chrysis.

Hab. Takao, Formosa, Sept. 20 and 29, 1907 (Sauter).

Berlin Museum.

Ceratina binghami, Ckll.

Nasik, N.W. India (Comber). British Museum.

Ceratina comberi, sp. n.

? .—Length a little over 6 mm.

Like C. binghami, but smaller, golden green, strongly

186 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deser(ptions and

suffused with brassy on head, thorax, and basal half of

abdomen. Wings clear, stigma ferruginous, nervures testa-

ceous ; second s.m. narrowed almost to a point above, and

receiving first r. n. not much beyond the middle ; last dorsal

segment rugose, light bluish green, not keeled; large

ochreous mark ou clypeus without prominent lateral lobes ;

jabrum and mandibles entirely black; tubercles ivory-

colour,

Hab. Karachi, N.W. India (Comber). British Museum.

Perhaps only a variety of C. binghami ; Bingham says:

« The specimens from the Punjab and Western India have a

golden-bronzy tint,” referring, | suppose, to comberi.

Apis indica peroni, Latr.

Tainan, Anping, Formosa, July 13, 1906 (4. E. Wileman).

British Museum.

Halictus propinguus, Smith.

Nasik and Karachi (Comber). British Museum.

Closely related to H. tumulorum. The tibiz and tarsi in

the female are ferruginous rather than yellow.

Nomia parcella, Ckll.

A female from Karachi (Comber) is so like an Halictus

that I had it mixed with that genus. It is like the male,

but has a very broad face with thin greyish-white hair ;

antenne black, the thick flagellum very ‘obscure reddish

beneath ; apical half of mandibles dark reddish ; front with

well- separated punctures and irregular striz ; area of meta-

thorax with irregular rugee. Legs dark brown, with glittering

hairs; knees eau Snail; joints of tarsi ferruminons! Apical

margins of first two abdominal segments broadly ferruginous.

I'he last-mentioned character readily separates it from the

similar small Halicti of the same region. From all the

other Nomie of the region, parcella is known by the small

size, ordinary tegule, and hind legs of male not noticeably

modified.

Nomia pereziana, ni. 0.

Nomia gracilipes, Pérez, Bull. Sci. France et Belgique, xli, 1907,

p- 491. Persian Gulf. (Not of Smith.)

Allied to N. parca, Kohl, but male tarsi longer.

Black Halicti of India.

A number of years ago, Col. C. T. Bingham gave mea

Records of Bees. 187

graphie account of his troubles with Indian Halicti, and

after working over a series collected by Mr. Comber I can

fully appreciate the difficulty of the subject. Not only are

the species very numerous and often closely allied, but the

existing descriptions are often hard to interpret. I can only

hope that none of the names now proposed as new are

synonyms, but in spite of much labour in comparing

descriptions and tabulating characters, | fear there remain

some probabilities of error. Fortunately the types are all

in the British Museum, where they can always be examined

by students. The following table separates the species

described :—

Mesothorax shining, with sparse punctures on

EE a idle acide ede oes i.

Mesothorax dull, minutely rugose or punctured 3,

1. Labrum ferruginous; flagellum ferruginous

Ly SRS speculithorax, Cll.

MEIER S05 fc cee. ie ae Be vcs alah weenie 2

2. Second abdominal segment without a band of

dense tomentum; very small species, with

Peermeunous tarsi (male)..............200. debilinervis, Cll.

Second abdominal segment with a dense band

Geeomentim at base .....-... 00... ec we ee salsettensis, Ckll.

3. Ocelli small and close together, far from eyes.

IGT ee CD OC Cor Pies kalutare, Cll.

ees mormal........... Senos abate oh th a Ss 2 4,

4, Area of metathorax dull, with widely separated

prominent ridges. (Ceylon.) ....... o-... sigrriellus, Ckll.

Area of metathorax shining, with closer or

less regular sculpture ........ Matos. Hern tease 5.

5. Area of metathorax with only the basal half or

a little more sculptured. (Ceylon.)........ semisculptus, Ckll.

Area of metathorax sculptured all over .... 6.

6. Smaller; mesothorax densely punctured all

ONCE) sa ES eR Sth ks aA CSG ODE eOOK nasicensis, Cll.

Larger; mesothorax less densely punctured on

Bt ay susie 20 eee tie aoe wees. perhumilis, Cll.

HHalictus speculithorax, sp. n.

6 .—Length about or nearly 7 mm.

Black, with the small joints of the tarsi pale ferruginous ;

pubescence throughout white; head broader than long,

clypeus hardly produced ; labrum and narrow apical margin

of clypeus pale ferruginous; mandibles ferruginous, except

at base; front dull, vertex shining; face and cheeks with

much white hair; antennz long; scape black, flagellum

strongly infuscated above, beneath pale ferruginous, with the

last two joints rather dusky ; mesothorax shining, the dise

smooth, with very sparse and small punctures, all the margins

rather narrowly but densely bordered with pure white hair ;

188 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

scutellum shining, with sparse minute punctures; post-

scutellum with dense white hair; area of metathorax semi-

Junar, large, shining, with coarse irregular ridges, which are

scarcely oblique ; truncation of metathorax small, its upper

end with two tufts of white hair; tegulz testaceous-hyaline.

Wings clear hyaline, beautifully iridescent; nervures and

stigma red-brown, outer nervures of submarginal and dis-

coidal cells moderately weakened ; second s.m. nearly

square; first r.n. meeting second t.-c.; third s.m. not

greatly wider than second. Legs with white hair; hind knees

and apices of anterior tibiz reddish ; hind knee-plate well

developed, elongate. Abdomen moderately elongate, parallel-

sided, without evident constrictions ; surface dullish, with-

out evident punctures, hind margins of segments reddened ;

first segment with scattered hair as usual, and on each side

a large triangular patch of denser white hair; second and

third segments with broad dense basal bands of white

tomentum ; fourth and fifth with rather narrow and thin,

but conspicuous, subapical white hair-bands; apical plate

broad, brilliantly shining.

Hab. Hyderabad, N.W. India (#. Comber).

The disc of the mesothorax is not at all microscopically

tessellate between the punctures, as it is in H. perhumilis,

H. nasicensis, H. salsettensis, H. semisculptus, &c.

Halictus debilinervis, sp. n.

3d .—Length about or hardly 5 mm.

Black, with rather scanty white hair, the abdomen with

scattered hairs, but no hair-bands or patches ; knees narrowly

reddish; all the tarsi pale testaceous; head quite large,

eyes converging below; mandibles with the apical two-

thirds ferruginous ; labrum black ; apex of clypeus obscurely

brownish ; antennz long, flagellum dusky reddish beneath ;

front dullish, granular, strongly contrasting with the smooth

and shining mesothorax and scutellum, which have rather

numerous very minute punctures; thorax with thin white

hair, not forming a border to mesothorax; area of meta-

thorax large, with feeble irregular longitudinal ruge ;

posterior truncation with lateral margins rounded, not

defined by a distinct edge; tubercles with narrow brown

margins ; tegulz hyaline testaceous. Wings quite clear,

with light sepia stigma and nervures, stigma with margins

darker than disc; third t.-c and second r. n. evanescent ;

second s.m. subtriangular, narrowed one-half above ;: first

Records of Bees. 189

r.n. meeting second t.-c.; abdomen rather short, shining,

not evidently punctured, hind margins of segments reddish.

Hab. Karachi, N.\W. India (E. Comber).

Dise of mesothorax not microscopically tessellate between

the punctures.

Halictus salsettensis, sp. n.

2 —Length about 8 mm.

Black, rather robust, with white pubescence, that on

inner side of tarsi orange-tinted ; tarsi ferruginous at apex ;

head broad ; clypeus not much produced, its surface shining,

with strong punctures and irregular longitudinal grooves ;

supraclypeal area with weak punctures ; front dull, granular ;

mesothorax and scutellum shining, the disc of the former

with scattered punctures of unequal sizes, that of the latter

almost impunctate; postscutellum covered with dull white

tomentum ; area of metathorax smooth and shining, with

only vestiges of rather oblique ridges; posterior truncation

rather narrow, distinctly margined at sides; tegule rufo-

testaceous. Wings hyaline, very faintly brownish; stigma

and nervures dull reddish; outer nervures weakened ;

second s.m. subquadrate ; first r. n. joining second t.-c. ;

third t.-c. with a single curve; hind spur with three stout

spines and a nodule; abdomen shining, without evident

punctures; sides of first segment with rather small sub-

triangular patches, in addition to the usual erect hair;

second and third segments with broad basal bands of white

tomentum, third and fourth with narrower subapical bands

of white hair; sides of apical segment with fuscous hair, but

the rima pallid. Second abdominal segment microscopically

transversely lineolate and finely punctured.

¢.—Similar to the female in all but the usual sexual

characters ; smaller and more slender ; small joints of tarsi

brown ; clypeus produced, entirely black ; flagellum entirely

dark, at most faintly brownish beneath ; first r. n. entering

basal corner of third s.m.

Hab. N.W. India (#. Comber). Type from Salsette ;

another female from Nasik. Male from Karachi.

This may be compared with H. tristis in the Indian fauna ;

in the European it reminds one of H. morbillosus and its

allies.

Halictus kalutare, sp. n.

? —Length about 64 mm.

Robust, black, the pubescence slightly ochreous, greyish

190 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

on pleura, fuscous on scutellum, thin and scanty on head

and thorax, except on postscutellum, where it is dense;

antenne dark, flagellum reddened at apex; head large,

peculiar for the strongly elevated vertex and occiput, with the

small ocellt close together and remote from the eyes ; a very

fine raised line runs from the middle ocellus to the middle

of the supraclypeal area ; clypeus rugose ; supraclypeal area

dull, finely granular; front convex, very finely granular ;

sides of face and vertex more shining, the latter not evidently

punctate; cheeks remarkably small, with a strong keel on

upper part just behind eyes ; prothorax flattened and angled

at sides in front of tubercles ; mesothorax dull, finely rugose,

but much more coarsely sculptured than front; scutellum

dull, rugose along hind margin; area of metathorax large,

defined by absence of hair, entirely dull, with widely

separated fine raised lines, more or less, but very irregularly,

joined by transverse ones ; posterior truncation large, hairy

all over, well defined above and at sides, the upper lateral

angles right angles; pleura with fine ridges giving a striate

effect ; tegulze dark rufous with a large piceous spot.

Wings hyaline, faintly dusky, stigma piceous, nervures

browner ; second s.m. as broad as high, receiving first r. n

near apex; third s.m. not greatly broader than second (no

broader above). Legs dark, including tarsi, their hair very

pale ochreous, short and fuscous on outer side of middle and

hind tibie ; hind tibize broad; hind spur with six long

spines, close together. Abdomen broad, very finely punctured,

hind margins of the segments broadly impunctate, but not

discoloured ; basal declivity of first segment with much pale

ochreous hair; dense basal bands on second and third seg-

ments, that on second interrupted in middle ; fourth segment

hairy at extreme base; venter with long hair.

Hab. Ka\utara, Ceylon, March 1910 (E£. Comber).

A peculiar species.

Halictus sigiriellus, sp. n.

? .—Length about or hardly 6 mm.

Robust, black, with pale slightly yellowish hair; head

and thorax dull and finely roughened, abdomen shining ;

head broad, clypeus rugose, front finely granular; vertex

and ocelli normal ; flagellum faintly reddish ‘apically ; ; cheeks

rather small but normal, with no keel on upper part ; meso-

thorax and scutellum rough, the latter evidently finely

reticulate; postscutellum and hind margin of mesothorax

covered with pale tomentum; the thin hair of scutellum

Records of Bees. 191

pale, but brownish tinted ; metathorax formed as in H. kalu-

tare, with the same peculiar basal area; upper side of

prothorax laterally densely hairy; tegulie hyaline testaceous.

Wings dusky hyaline, stigma and nervures_ testaceous ;

second s.m. narrow; first r. n. joining second t.-c.; third

t.-c. with a single very slight curve. Legs with pale hair,

including outer side of tibiee ; hind spur with four long

spines. “abdomen broad, first segment smooth and shining,

the others appearing minutely granular; second and tiird

segments with dense basal bands at sides, rapidly narrowing

to a point mesad; venter with long hair.

Hab. Sigiri, Ceylon, March 1910 (2. Comber).

0 vidently related to H. kalutare,but smaller, with normally-

formed head.

Halictus semisculptus, sp. n.

9 .—Length about 8 mm.

Robust, black, with very pale ochreous pubescence ; head

broad; clypeus shining, longitudinally grooved, with punc-

tures in rows; supraclypeal area convex, dullish, hardly

sculptured ; front dull, minutely granular ; vertex shining ;

cheeks normal, broad, hairy; autenne black, flagellum

faintly brownish at apex ; mesothorax and _ scutellum

granular-punctate, but moderately shining ; postseutellum

(but not hind border of mesothorax) covered with pale

tomentum; basal area of metathorax large, shiny, rather

more than the basal half covered with irregular wrinkles,

tending to form a network ; posterior truncation well- defined,

the upper lateral angles greater than right angles, while from

them proceeds aridge along each side of metathor ax, running

a little upwards ; tegulie reddish testaceous. Wings hyaline ; :

nervures and stigma dull testaceous ; third t.-c. and second

r. n. much weakened ; second s.m. broad, first r. n. reaching

extreme basal corner of third s.m.; hair on inner side of

tarsi bright ferruginous ; hind spur with strong spines ; first

abdominal segment smooth and shining, with scattered

extremely minute punctures ; the other segments shining,

but surface appearing more granular; second and third

segments with rather thin basal bands of greyish tomentum,

continuous right across ; fifth segment dark reddish.

Hab. Kalutara, Ceylon, March 1910 (£. Comber).

Closely resembles some of the species inhabiting the north-

eastern United States, especially H. arcuatus parisus, Lovell.

Halictus nasicensis, sp. n.

? .—Length about 6 mm.

192 Descriptions and Records of Bees.

Black, with rather dull white pubescence ; face and cheeks

rather thinly pilose all over; clypeus very small, shining

striate or grooved; front dull and minutely g granular ; vertex

shining ; flagellum ferruginous beneath apically ; meso-

thorax dull, finely and closely punctured ; scutellum shining,

finely punctured; postscutellum with white tomentum ;

area of metathorax poorly defined, with a fine raised reti-

culation, failing apically ; posterior truncation shining, well-

defined, with sharp edges, the upper lateral angles very obtuse;

tegulz rufo-testaceous, fuscous basally. Wings dusky

hyaline, stigma and nervures dull testaceous; second s.m.

broad, receiving first r. n. at its apical corner ; third t.-c. and

second r. n. greatly weakened. Hair of legs white, shining on

hind tibiz, pale yellowish on inner side of tarsi. First

abdominal segment very smooth and shining, the others

more granular ; continuous basal bands of white tomentum

on second to fourth segments; hair at apex glittering, along

sides of rima faintly yellowish; hind spur with large spines.

Second abdominal segment with fine punctures, each bearing

two little bristles.

Hab. Nasik, N.W. India (E. Comber).

Halictus perhumilis, sp. n.

2 .—Length about 7 mm.

Very close to H. nasicensis, but larger, eyes more emargi-

nate, mesothorax less densely punctured ; area of metathorax

shining, with strong ridges reaching the posterior margin ;

otherwise practically the same.

Hab. Karachi, N.W. India, two specimens (/. Comber).

The following characters are seen with the compound

microscope: front densely punctate, the punctures more or

less in grooves, but the sculpture obscured by short plumose

hairs ; dise of mesothorax tessellate, with strong punctures,

about as far apart as the diameter of one; second abdominal

segment with very minute well-separated punctures, mostly

bearing a pair of little bristles. This species may be com-

pared with H. lineolatus. In Frey-Gessner’s table of Swiss

species it runs straight to H. quadrisignatus, Schk.

Halictus cameronellus, n. n.

Halictus himalayensis, Cameron, Entomologist, 1904, p. 210 (not

jinvham, 1898).

Halictus strandiellus, n. v.

Halictus ceylonicus, i Berl. ent. Zeits. 1909, p. 187 (not

Cameron, 1902).

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

(EIGHTH SERIES.]

No. 44. AUGUST 1911.

XX.—On some Fossil Mollusca Ge. from Southern Nigeria

collected by Mr. John Parkinson, M.A. By R. BULLEN

Newron, F.G.S. With an Appendix, by A. SmiTH

Woopwarp, LL.D. &e. .

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

[Plate VI.]

(A) Cainozoic Marine Mollusca and Fish-remains from the Bitumen-

bearing Deposits of Southern Nigeria.

(B) A Cretaceous Peleeypod from Southern Nigeria.

(A) Cainozote Marine Mollusca and Fish-remains from the

Bitumen-bearing Deposits of Southern Nigeria. (PI. VI.

figs. 1-16.)

AxBouT two years ago Mr. John Parkinson, M.A., during

certain survey work in Southern Nigeria under the auspices

of the British Colonial Petroleum Company, Limited *,

collected some remains of marine Mollusca, accompanied by

a Teleostean fish-scale and a Selachian tooth (Zamna) from a

sandy deposit heavily impregnated with oil which he found

in the province of Lagos (6° 38’ 30” N. lat., and 4° 37’ 00”

KE. long.), about 33 miles from the sea “as the crow flies.”

* The specimens described in this paper have been generously presented

to the Geological Department of the British Museum (Natural History)

by this Company.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. te

194 Mr. R. B. Newton on Fossil Mollusea de.

According to information received from Mr. Parkinson,

these fossiliferous beds extend for over 50 miles in a direction

parallel to the coast. In his description of the geology of

this region (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. 1907, vol. Ixiii. pp. 309

& 312) Mr. Parkinson included the beds in the “ Ijebu

Series,” which he placed between some younger deposits

without fossils called the “‘ Benin Sands” and the “ Lignite

Series’ with obscure plant-remains, which was regarded as

of older age. Above the “ Benin Sands” was placed the

« Alluvium.”

Some imperfect impressions of shells obtained from bore-

holes and a section in the Ijebu District were referred to in

the same paper as having been examined by Mr. Henry

Woods, who recognized Cardium (?), Arca (?), Astarte (?),

Gari (Psammobia?), Meretrix(?), and a Natica. These

forms were not figmed, nor was any opinion offered as to

their particular facies or their geological horizon *.

The matrix accompanying one of the specimens under

description is a drab-coloured, argillaceous, compact sand,

which is easily severed with a knife as well as readily

pulverizing with friction; it has entirely escaped any oily

impregnation, and therefore exhibits the natural character ct

the deposit, The remaining shells are associated with

apparently the same sandy formation, but of a very dark

blackish-brown colour, caused by the saturations of petro-

leum ; many of the specimens are without any testaceous

layer, being simply casts with jet-black lustrous surfaces,

whilst others, possessing thicker shell-structures, present a

snow-white appearance, besides being frequently decorticated

and of shred-like character, after the manner of asbestos.

The Mollusca represented consist mainly of Peleeypoda,

with some indeterminable Gastropoda and one Scaphopod,.

The whole of the forms appear to be of fairly shallow-water

habit and accustomed to sandy areas. As the border region

of the province of Lagos consists of an extensive lagoon

* Some small fossils from these bore-holes, including the Meretrix (?)

examined by Mr. Woods, have been forwaraed to the writer by Mr. Par-

kinson. They consist of Pelecypod casts, a fragmentary Dentalium (2),

&c., and some obscure fish-fragments ; and, although indeterminable, it

is certain that they are in no way connected with the shell fauna found

in the bitumen-bearing beds, appearing to be much older—so much so

that, with more material at command, they could possibly be compared

with an Eocene fauna from the Kamerun district described in recent

years by Dr. Paul Oppenheim (‘ Beitrage zur Geologie von Kamerun—

Dr. Ernst Esch Expedition,’ 1904, pp, 246-285, pls. vi.-ix.). But among

these fossils is an isolated fragmentary Pelecypod valve bearing a

Cretaceous facies, which will be presently referred to (see p. 201), 3

ae ee eee

from Southern Nigeria. 195

which by several inlets is in communication with the sea, it

is considered that the deposits containing the shells would

represent an old lagoon area which probably formed a con-

tinuation of that already existing. ‘The specimens seem to

exhibit a Mediterranean or Atlantic facies, and although it

has been necessary to introduce a few new specific names,

nearly all show certain phases of modern character. Some

of the known species referred to range from Upper Tertiary

times in Burope and England, such as the Pliocene, so that

it is possible the deposits may belong to either an ancient

part of the post-Pliocene period or to even the Pliocene itself ;

in any case they are not supposed to be of older date than

Pliocene. More perfect material is, however, wanted before

a truly accurate determination of the horizon is really

possible.

The writer wishes to acknowledge valuable assistance in

the drawing up of this paper from his colleague at the British

Museum (Natural History), Mr. Edgar A. Smith, L.8.0., who

is in agreement with him in recognizing the fauna as sugges-

tive of the modern Atlantic or Mediterranean facies.

PELECYPODA.

itena sp. (Pi) VI. fig.. 12)

Description.—Shell obliquely oblong, compressed, fragile,

nacreous, smooth, obsoletely striated; umbo very anterior,

nearly marginal ; cardinal line short, without terminal exten-

sions, furnished below with an oblique groove directed

posteriorly.

Dimensions (largest valve). —Length=17, height=32 mm.

Remarks.—'l wo examples represent this form, consisting

of right valves of different sizes. ‘The smaller shows some

obscure radial striations on the surface.

There are no aliform expansions to either specimen, the

cardinal line being short and only equal in extent to the

length of the shell. ‘The specimens are mere films on the

sandy matrix, and although the valves are much compressed

the larger one possesses a very slight oblique axial con-

vexity, as well as a rather feeble depression postero-dorsally.

If we regard these remains as very decorticated, and in

that manner account for the absence of the usually produced

cardinal extremities, then it is possible that they belonged to

Lamarck’s Avicula tarentina (= Mytilus hirundo, Linneus,

pars), an Atlantic species, varieties of which also occur in

the British and Italian Pliocene beds. The margins are,

Io*

196 Mr. R. B. Newton on Fossil Mollusca Ge.

however, quite distinct, and they do not appear to have had

produced terminals to the cardinal region.

Arca cf. lactea, Linneus. (PI. VI. figs. 2, 3.)

Arca lactea, Linneus, Syst. Nature, 1758, ed. x. p. 694; Searles Wvod,

Mon. Pal. Soc. (Crag Mollusca) 1850, pl. x. fig. 2, p. 77.

Fossularca lactea, Sacco, Moll. Terziarii Piemonte &c., 1898, vol. xxvi.

pl. iii. figs. 20-28, p. 19.

Remarks.—The two examples regarded as being closely

allied to the Mediterranean species lactea are of very similar

dimensions to that form, the length being about one and a

half times the height. The sculpture, which also agrees,

exhibits a series of fine and closely arranged coste crossed by

equidistant concentric growth-lines. The valves, however,

are rather compressed than otherwise, which would be the

chief reason fer not regarding them as belonging to the true

lactea. hey differ from Arca nigeriensis, next described,

in their less angulate contour and more median umbones.

Dimensions (largest example).—Length = 14, height=

9 mm.

The Linnean shell has been determined from the Pliocene

(Coralline and Red Crags) beds of England, whilst Sacco

has recognized it under Fossularca of Cossmann, and considers

it as occurring in Italy in rocks ranging from Miocene

(Helvetian) to Pliocene (Astian) times.

Arca nigeriensis, sp.n. (Pl. VI. figs. 4, 5.)

Deseription.—Shell small, inequilateral, oblong, length

nearly twice that of the height; anterior margin rounded,

posterior truncated, slightly excavated; strie equal, nume-

rous and fine (about 60), crossed by concentric growth-lines ;

valves depressed ventrally.

Dimensions (largest specimen).—Length=17, height=

9 mm.

Remarks.—This form is distinct from Area tetragona of

Poli, found in the Mediterranean and in the Pliocene deposits

of Europe, by reason of its more equal striations and the less

elevated umbonal region. The radial coste ornamenting

the posterior surface of A. tetragona are much stronger and

fewer than those of the present form; both species, however,

are similar in possessing a horizontal hinge-line which is

parallel with the ventral margin.

Cardium cf. decorticatum, 8. V. Wood. (PI. VI. figs. 6, 7.)

Cardium decorticatum, 8. V. Wood, Mon. Pal. Soc. (Crag Mollusca)

1858, pl. xiv. fig. 1d, p. 159. ;

Description, — Shell cordately ovate, slightly oblique,

from Southern Nigeria, 197

inequilateral; costw fine, numerous (about 36), separated by

narrow grooves, convex, smooth.

Dimensions (largest example)—Length = 20, height=

20 mm.

Remarks.—There are several examples of this form of

Cardium, which appears to be one of the prevailing shells of

these deposits. ‘The costa are considerably worn, especially

near the ventral margin, but they are quite as numerous and

fine as in young examples of decorticatum from the English

Crag contained in the Searles Wood Collection at the British

Museum. Like them, also, the costz become eroded and are

frequently divided by a fine central groove. ‘he specimens

may represent the young forms of this species, in which the

ribs are continuous over the surface of the valve, whereas

adult examples recorded from England are without costa on

the posterior side.

They may be said also to show some resemblance to young

examples of Cardium muricatum, an Atlantic species (West

Indies) of Linneus (Syst. Natura, 1758, ed. x. p. 679), as

determined in the Zoological Depaitment of the British

Museum, especially in the number and general formation of

the cost.

(?) Gastrana sp. (Pl. VI. figs. 8, 9) and associated

Fish-scale (PI. VI. fig. 16).

Deseription.—Vhe collection contains a fragmentary right

valve of what is doultfully referred to the genus Gastranc.

It is of oval-oblong shape and covered with prominent, equi-

distant, concentric laminations of slightly infundibuliform

character, separated by well impressed sulcations; no radia!

ornamentation is visible.

‘The umbonal region is moderately elevated, oblique, and

anterior; the margins of the front and ventral areas are

rounded, the postero-dorsal border is straight and oblique,

whilst the posterior surface is more or less truncated,

Dimensions.—Height=18, length =22 mm.

Remarks.—It is in the regular character of the costx, the

truncated posterior side, and the elevated umbonal region,

which suggests at first glance a relationship to Gastrana,

although the concentric sculpture of that genus shows no in-

fundibuliform character as in the present specimen. Without

more complete material it is difticult to place such a fragment

in its true generic position, and so for present purposes it

has been compared with examples of Gastrana laminosa,

J. de UC. Sowerby, from the British Pliocene beds, a form

closely allied to the recent fragilis of Linneeus.

198 Mr. R. B. Newton on Fossil Mollusca &c.

This specimen is in a matrix particularly free from oily

impregnations, thus exhibiting its original drabbishi colour.

Embedded in the same material is a fish-scale (sce Pl. VI.

fiz. 16) which Dr. A. 8S. Woodward informs me is a scale of

the lateral line of a fish; Mr. Boulenger, who has also

examined the specimen, regards it as undoubtedly possessing

‘leleostean characters.

The surface is mostly covered with a lustrous chitinous-

looking layer of brownish colour, besides being furnished

with a closely arranged set of delicate concentric striations ;

in the centre is a single rib-like body answering to the

* Jateral line.”

‘The margins are not quite complete, so that the present

measurements of 8 by 5 mm. might originally have been

slightly increased upon.

(?) Tellina sp. (PI. VI. fig. 10.)

Remarks.—This Pelecypod consists of a transversely oval

compressed valve, with an almost median umbo which is

slightly elevated ‘above the dorsal line. It is badly pre-

served, although the actual contour-lines are fairly well seen ;

some obscure ornamentation appears to be purely concentric

and representing growth-lines only.

Dimensions —Height=20, length=35 mm.

(?) Lutraria sp. (Pl. VI. fig. 11.)

Remarks.—A fragmentary specimen is provisionally deter-

mined under the above name. It appears to be chiefly the

anterior portion of a transversely oblong valve with a sub-

angulate end, a well-curved ventral margin, and a dorsal

border which may be more or less parallel with that of the

ventral region. ‘The umbo appears to be vertical and very

little raised, not projecting beyond the dorsal margin, and is

situated about 20 mm. distant from the anterior border. A

strikingly oblique groove runs from the right-hand side of

the umbo, but is not continuous to the ventral margin; the

geneial surface is furnished with obscure concentric striations.

This fragment belongs toa shell of shallow and compressed

form, and is doubtfuily placed with Lutraria, although there

is no groove in that genus which would correspond with what

is seen in the present specimen. Without further material,

however, a closer determination is impossible.

The height of the specimen is 23 mm,

- = as

a ==) = Oe

from Southern Nigeria, L99

The shape of the anterior end, its compressed character,

and the more or less vertical enh would suggest a Folsivons

ship to probably a young form of Toutyieria elliptica,

Lamarck, a species occurring in the Pliocene beds of Europe

and England, and which, moreover, exists in the Medi-

terranean,

Cuspidaria cf. ro Ral eer? sp.

(Pl. VI. fiz. 12.)

Mya rostrata, Spengler, Skrivt. naturhist. Selskab, Kjobenhavn, 1793,

vol. iii. pl. ii. tig. 16, p. 42.

Cuspidaria rostrata, Sacco, Moll. Terz. Piemonte &c., 1901, vol. xxix.

pl. xxvi. figs. 35-37, p. 124.

liemarks.—There is ovly a single specimen to represent

this form of Pelecypod, which consists of a right valve of

subtrigonal contour, with a marked anterior globosity and a

narrowly rostriform extension postero-ventrally, the sculpture

consisting of delicate and irregular striations on a concentric

basis, without any evidence of radial ornamentation. The

basal border is strongly arcuated in front, becoming after-

wards widely sinuated as part of the produced posterior

extension.

Dimeasions.—Ueight=9, length=15 mm.

With only one example it is difficult to say whether

should be placed with Olivi’s cuspédata or Spenglet’s rostrata.

both species being regarded by some authors as synonymous

and having a similar range in time, viz. from the Upper

‘Tertiaries of Europe to the recent period.

Barnea lagosiensis, sp.n. (PI. VI. fig. 13.)

Description. — Shell subcylindrical, thin, inequilateral,

umbo at one-third distance of entire length ; anterior end

rounded, closed, narrow ; posterior region extended, acumi-

nate; postero-umbonal margin elongately concave; antero-

dorsal margin reflected ; ornamented with equidistant radial

coste (about 25) of considerable obliquity, occupying about

three-quarters of the surface and crossed by nearly equi-

distant growth-lines which at the junctions show obscure

thickenings or tubercles; posterior surface furnished with

lines of growth ouly.

Dimensions (largest specimen).—Height=15, length=

46 mm.

Remarks.—This form is apparently closely re! ated to the

recent Pholas candidus of Linneus, the type of Risso’s genus

200 Mr. R. B. Newton on Fossil Mollusca &c.

Barnea, which includes shells anteriorly closed and possessing

a single dorsal accessory plate or umbonal shield. It differs,

however, from that species in the umbo being rather further

removed from the anterior margin and in its more regularly

spaced costz, the last one of which forms a prominent oblique

demarcation between the anterior and posterior surfaces ; the

posterior region is likewise relatively larger than in the

recent shell, The specimens have none of the delicate shell-

structure remaining, although as casts all the details of

sculpture are well preserved. There is, moreover, no indica-

tion of the umbonal shield.

Examples of this shell are of frequent occurrence in these

deposits.

SCAPHOPODA.

Dentalium entale, Linneus. (Pl. VI. fig. 14.)

Dentalium entalis, Linneus, Syst. Nature, 1758, ed. x. p. 785; Forbes

& Hanley, Hist. British Mollusca, 1849, vol. ii. pl. lv. fig. 11,

p- 449; Hoernes, Foss. Moll. Tert. Beck. Wien, Abhandl. k.-k.

Geol. Reichs, 1856, vol. iii. pl. 1. fig. 38, p. 658.

Remarks. — This specimen is fragmentary and_ badly

preserved, yet showing a fairly complete axial contour, It is

a rounded form, with a gentle curvature, and apparently

tubular throughout. ‘here are no indications of longitudinal

striations, the form appearing to be quite smooth, with the

exception of concentric growth-lines, which are most apparent

at the anterior or widest end. It is without fissure or labial

projection at the posterior end.

Dimensions.—Length 42, diameter (anterior) 6 mm.

The fossil appears to differ in none of its details from the

living species of the Mediterranean, and it curiously corre-

sponds in size and curvature with the figure of Forbes and

Hanley of a specimen found off the Dritish coasts. The

species appears to have existed from Miocene times upwards,

having been recorded from the Upper ‘Tertiaries of Europe.

GASTROPODA.

There are fragmentary remains of Gastropoda distributed

through these sandy constituted deposits, but they do not

lend themselves to determination, and nothing further can

be said of them ; but they include a possible Jurritella and

some fusoid shells (see Pl. VI. fig. 15).

from Southern Nigeria. 201

(B) A Cretaceous Pelecypod from Southern Nigeria.

(Pl. VI. figs. 18,'19, 20.)

Among some small indeterminable fossils obtained by

Mr. Parkinson from certain bore-holes in the Lagos province

of Southern Nigeria is a fragmentary Pelecypod valve which

is of considerable importance, as it implies the presence of

Cretaceous rocks in that area, ‘lhe specimen referred to

belongs to the genus Veniella of Stoliczka, better known

among African Cretaceous fossils as Roudaireia of Munier-

Chalmas, the synonymy of which has been recently reviewed

by the present writer* in an accouut of some Cretaceous

shells from Zululand.

Veniella auressensis (?), Munier-Chalmas, sp.

Trigonia auressensis, Coquand, Géol. Pal. Constantine, 1862, pl. xii.

figs. 10, 11, p. 203.

Roudairia drut, Munier-Chalmas, Mission M. le Com. Roudaire Chotts

Tunisiens, 1881, pls. iv., v. pp. 74-77.

Roudaireia auressensis, Peron, Desc. Invert. Foss. Crétacés Tunisie,

Exp'or. Scient. Tunisie, 1893, pl. xxix. figs. 10-12, p. 299.

Roudairia drui, Quaas, Fauna obersten Kreidebild. libyschen Wiiste,

Palzontographica, 1902, vol. xxx. part 2, pl. xxiv. figs. 20-22, p, 221.

The specimen is represented by a small umbonal fragment

of a left valve, showing the remains of a wide and robust

hinge-plate, but without the dentition being preserved, over

which curves a subacute umbo with its nucleus touching the

upper margin of the hinge-plate.

The trigonal character of this genus is well expressed in

the specimen, which, moreover, exhibits the prominent

oblique carina dividing the anterior from the posterior regions.

Thick horizontal ridges, curving upwards at their anterior

ends, ornament the shell in front, which are widely separated

during the progress of development, finer striations occurring

within at the earlier stages of growth, otherwise the furrows

are smooth ; a well-defined lunulate area is also present.

The posterior side is abrupt and furnished with a nearly

median ridge, whilst the surface is closely and obliquely

ornamented with lines of microscopical size; the ventral

margin is broken, so that the original height of the specimen

is unknown, although it probably represents an example

which might have been 30 mm.

Dimensions (umbonal fragment).—-Length=7, height=

5 mm.

* Trans. Royal Soc. South Africa, 1909, vol. i. pp. 67-69.

202 Mr. R. B. Newton on Fossil Mollusca ce.

It is possible that this fragment may belong to Rouda/reta

drut of Munier-Chalmas *, the type of that genus and the

equivalent of Coquand’s auressensis, a well-known shell

ranging from Senonian to Danian times, as found in various

African localities, especially in Tunis and Egypt. So far as

can be seen, the specimen appears to differ from Veniel/a

forbesiana of Stoliczka f, an allied species of Lower Senonian

age from India, Zululand, &ec., in being narrower and more

delicately constructed in the umbonal region and in possessing

tle horizontal character of the ridges; the specimen also

would appear to have been more compressed, especially near

the carination.

The other related species from India are Cyprina cristata

and cordiwis of Stoliczka, described and figured in the same

work.

It is of interest to note that Dr. Solger f has determined

some bivalves from the “ Mongokreide”’ of the Cameroons

as belonging to this genus, with resemblances to Roudaireia

auressensis, Coquand, sp., but without illustrations, which

would indicate that the Upper Cretaceous rocks of that area

are continued into Southern Nigeria.

For the present, however, it is considered best to refer

Mr. Parkinson’s fragment to the spectes awressensis with a

query, until further material is forthcoming for fuller con-

firmation as to its true specific relations. In the meantime

the specimen is of great geological interest, as its presence

indicates the existence ot Upper Cretaceous deposits belonging

somewhere between the Upper Senonian and the Danian

stages of that period. In this late portion of the Cretaceous

the species has been recorded from Algeria, Tunis, Tripoli,

Keypt (Ostrea overwegi be ls of the Liby: an Deser t), Palestine,

and Syria§, and a related form from the Cameroons

(= Kamerun).

Mr. Parkinson’s geological specimens from Southern

Nigeria include a piece of limestone of yellow-ochreous

colour made up entirely of what appears to be one form of

* ‘Mission M. le Com. Roudaire Chotts Tunisiens,’ 1881, pls. iv. & v.

yp, 74-77.

+ See R. B. Newton, Trans. Royal Soc. South Africa, 1909, vol. i

p. 67.

{ “Die Foss, Mongokreide Kamerun,” in Dr. Ernst Esch’s ‘ Beitrage

zur Geologie von Kamerun,’ 1904, p. 230,

§ Blanckenhorn, ‘ Beitrage zur Geologie Syriens,’ 1890, pp. 24, 25, 27,

jrom Southern Nigeria. 203

Orbitoid (associated with an occasional small species of

Operculina), which, from microscopical examination, may be

referred to the genus Orthophragmina of Munier-Chalmas

as interpreted by Schlumberger.

The foraminiferal group of the Orbitoides has been studied

by numerous authors for some years, although the chief

systematic work on the subject was that accomplished by

Giimbel * in 1868, containing important results obtained

from an examination of material collected in the northern

Alps of Eocene age, or what was termed ‘der Kressen-

berger Nummulitenschichten.”” He subdivided the genus

Orbitoides of Orbigny into five subgenera—Discocyelina,

Rhipidocyelina, Aktinocyclina, Asterocyclina, and Lepido-

eyclina—most of which were founded upon external form or

peculiarities of ornamentation.

In 1896 Verbeek and Fennemaf, in their ‘Geology of

Java,’ published researches on the Orbitotdes from the rocks

of that country, limiting Giimbel’s divisions to two instead

ot five, viz. Discocyclina (embracing Rhipidocyclina, Aktino-

cyclina, and Asterocyclina) for forms with rectangular

chambers in the median plane ; and Lepidocyclina for species

having rounded chambers in the median plane. Such results

were based entirely on internal structures, and in this way

differed from that of Gtimbel. From the horizonal point of

view their work was of immense value, because they found

that the species of Déscocyclina, at any rate in the Indian

Archipelago, belonged entirely to Eocene and Oligocene

rocks, whilst forms of Lepzdocyeclina never occurred in older

deposits than Miocene, and apparently became extinct in

Fliocene times. The geological views expressed by these

authors are now generally acknowledged to apply equally

well to the distribution of Orbitoidal organisms in the

European formations.

During 1899 the present writer, in conjunction with

Mr. Richard Holland {, wrote an account of some ‘l'ertiary

Foraminifera from Borneo, with special remarks on the

Orlitotdes, and adopted the views of Verbeek and Fennema

in connexion with their studies of those forms.

Coming more directly to the genus we have to consider, it

should be mentioned that Orthophragmina was a name given

to certain foraminiferal bodies by Munier-Chalmas § which

a: math,-phys. Cl. k.-bay, Ak. Wiss. 1868, vol. x. part 2,

: + ‘ Descript. Géol. de Java et Madoura,’ 1896, 2 vols., text and plates.

¢ Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1899, ser. 7, vol. iii. pls. ix. & x. pp. 245-264,

§ “Etude du Tithonique, du Crétacé et du Tertiaire du Vicentin,”

Thése de Docteur és Sci. Nat. [Paris] 1891, p. 18.

204 Mr. R. B. Newton on Fossil Mollusca &e.

he recognized in the rocks of Northern Italy (Vicentin), and

which were stated to range geologically from the Lower

Eocene to Aquitanian *, their maximum size being reached

in the latter horizon. ‘his record was, however, unaccom-

panied by a description, figure, or reference to specific forms,

and so failed to have any scientific importance from the

nomenclature point of view.

In the same memoir Munier-Chalmas notified that he liad

previously alluded to this generic name in the Bull. Soe.

Géol. France, 1891, sér. 3, vol. xix., but without giving the

pagination. A careful perusal of the volume has proved the

inaccuracy of such a statement, no mention of Orthophrag-

mina being found ; so that it can only be surmised that the

author had in preparation a paper upon the subject which

apparently never saw publication.

Later on Schlumberger f, who had been studying the

structure of Orbitotdes, commenced to issue a series of papers

in which the genus Orthophragmina was adopted, with

Orbitoides pratti as the type, this being the equivalent of

Orbitolites pratt?, Michelin (see references in footnote, 1901,

p. 464, and 1903, p. 274), originally described from the

supra-Cretaceous beds of the environs of Biarritz, France.

Giimbel { had previously regarded Michelin’s pratti as

synonymous with Nummulites papyraceus of Boubée (Bull.

Soe. Géol. France, 1832, vol. ii. p. 445), which he placed

under the genus Orbitoides, as well as recognizing it as the

type of his subgenus Discocyclina.

Later researches have demonstrated that the structures of

these two species are not the same, Schlumberger determining

Boubée’s papyraceus as a true Orlifoides and_ restricted

to Upper Cretaceous deposits. Hence it would appear that

* An Aquitanian example was not then mentioned specifically, al-

though said to occur in “ les caleaires d’Isola di Malo” (see p. 19 of the

Thesis). Later on in the same work (p. 76) this form was referred to as

Orthophragmina (Orbitoides) elephuntina, a species which was subse-

quently described and figured by Messrs, Lemoine and R. Douvillé (Mém.

Soc. Géol. France, 1904, vol. xil. fase. 2, Mém. no. 32, pl. ii. figs. 18, 19,

p. 18) as a Lepidocyelina, and not Orthephragmina, The genus Ortho-

phragmina is therefore essentially Eocene, being found as high as the

Priabonian stage, which is regarded alike as uppermost Eocene or the

lowest part of the Oiigocene. It does not occur in a later horizon.

+ Bull. Soc. Géol. France, 1901, sér, 4, vol. i. pl. vii. pp. 459-467

(Cretaceous) ; thd. 1902, sér. 4, vol. il. pl. vi. pp. 255-261 (Cretaceous) ;

ibid. 1903, sér. 4, vol. iii. pls. vili.—xii. pp. 273-289 (Hocene) ; ibid. 1904,

sér. 4, vol. iv. pls. ili—vi. pp. 119-185 (Kocene).

} Ibid, p. 112.

from Southern Nigeria. 205

the type of Discocyclina, being misinterpreted by Giimbel,

subsequent writers have deemed it necessary to introduce the

name of Orthophragmina in its place.

The following genera recognized by Schlumberger (memoir

before quoted, 1901, pp. 463, 464) constitute the Orbitoidal

group of the Foraminifera as now understood :—

(1) Orbitoides, Orbigny, with rhomboidal equatorial chambers

augmented sensibly in height towards the circum-

ference, where they are frequently subdivided ; perfo-

rations of the septa rather strong.

Type= Orbitolites media, Archiiac.

Ferma‘ion and Localities. Upper Cretaceous (Dor-

donien) of Franca, &e.

(2) Orthophragmina, Munier-Chalmas, with equatorial cham-

bers “ parallélipédiques,” =square or rectangular.

Type= Orbitolites pratt’, Michelin.

formation and Localities.. Hocene to Oligocene

(Priabonian), Biarritz, North Italy, Kressenberg, &c.

(3) Lepidocyclina, Giimbel, with rounded or hexagonal

equatorial chambers, and with finely perforated septa.

Vype=Nummulites mantelli, Morton.

Formation and Localities. Oligocene (Vicksburg

Group), N. America, and Miocene of Europe.

(4) Myogypsina, Sacco, with spiral embryo more or less

excentric and lanceolate equatorial chambers.

Type= Nummulites trregularis, Michelotti.

Formation and Lozalines. Miocene (Aquitanian),

Italy, &e.

The main organisms of this limestone and those only that

ean be seen in a general way without microscopical aid are of

abundant occurrence, being trequently closely packed together

in layers, and resembling in this manner some rocks from

Biarritz and Kressenberg containing Orthophragmina pratti

(=papyracea of Giimbel, non Boubée) of Eocene aze.

‘he specimens also agree in being of nearly the same

diameter, probably rather smaller, and also in their excessive

thinness—so much so, that horizontal internal views are

difficult to obtain.

Some excellent sections have, however, been made by

Mr. Richard Hall, the Senior Formatore of the British

Museum (Natural History), which exhibit chiefly vertical

206 Mr. R. B. Newton on Fossil Mollusca &c.

views of the organism, althongh there are fragmentary pieces

yielding sufficient of the median plane aspect to show the

rectangular nature of the chambers. ‘This rectangular cha-

racter, as seen on the median plane, permits of a true generic

determination in favour of Orthophragmina, a3 opposed to

Lepidocyclina with rounded or hexagonal chambers, which is

of Lower Tertiary age, and ranges from Eocene to Oligocene

(Priabonian) times. Judging by the excellent figures of

Giimbel and also of Schlumberger, we may regard these

specimens as Michelin’s pratt?, which ranges from Lutetian

to Priabonian* and is found at Biarritz T, Kressenberg,

Italy, &c. For present purposes, therefore, it may be stated

that the limestone from Southern Nigeria belongs to the

Eocene series, and either to the Lutetian, Bartonian, or

Priabonian division of that formation.

A. Orthophragmina pratti, from Lagos, showing vertical sections.

B. Ditto, ditto, equatorial section, showing rectangular character of the

chambers.

C. Ditto, from Biarritz (for comparison).

Locality. Lagos Province of Southern Nigeria, about 14

miles from a spot localized as 6° 38/30” N. lat., and 4° 37' 00”

E. long., where the bitumen-bearing beds occur with the

marine Mollusca.

* Oppenheim, “ Die Priabonaschichten und ihre Fauna,” Paleonto-

vraphica, 1900, vol. xlvii.p.44. 0 Tie ts PE re

+ Prever, “1 terreni Nummulitici di Gassino et di Biarritz,” Atti R.

Accad, Sci. Torino, 1905, vol. xli. pp. 10-12.

OE OOOO

it ee

from Southern Niyeria. 207

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI,

Fig. 1. Pteria sp.

Figs. 2,3. Arca cf. lactea, Linneeus (fig. 8=structure magnified).

Fiys. 4, 5, Arca niyeriensis, sp. n. (tig. 5=structure magnified ).

Figs. 6, 7. Cardium cf. decorticatum, 8S. V. Wood (tig. 7 =structure mag-

nilied).

Figs. 8,9. (?) Gastrana sp. (tig. 9=structure magnified),

Tig. 10, (?) Tellina sp.

Fig. 11. (?) Lutraria sp.

Fig. 12. Cuspidaria cf. rostrata, Spengier. x 2.

Fig. 13. Barnea lagosiensis, sp. n.

Fig. 14. Dentalium entale, Linnzeus.

Fig. 15, | Fusoid shell. }

Fig. 16. Seale of Teleostean fish, x 2, with (?) Gastrana.

Fig. 17. Tooth of Selachian fish (Zamma).

Fig. 18. Veniella auressensis(?), Munier-Chalmas, external view. x 4.

Ig. 19. Ditto, ditto, internal view. x 4.

Fig. 20. Ditto, ditto, internal view of fragment, with restored outline

showing probable size of valve.

_Except where specified the figures are drawn of the natural size. ]

APPENDIX.

Note on a Fossil Fish from Ekot Creek, Southern Nigeria.

By A. Smitu Woopwarp, LL.D., F.R.S.

An incomplete fossil fish (Brit. Mus. no. P. 10128) obtained

by Mr. J. C. Cotton from the supposed Cretaceous of Ekoi

Creek ou the Calabar River, comprises the head and anterior

portion of the abdominal region of a Clupeoid or Elopine

species. The specimen is exposed in right side view, but the

bones and scales are in a much fractured and flaky con-

dition, and cannot easily be interpreted. The head with

opercular apparatus is long and narrow, probably about

9 em. in length and 5 cm. in maximum depth, with a sharply

pointed snout; and there is no trace of external ornament

on the remains of the jaws, cheek-plates, or operculum.

The cleft of the mouth is wide, the quadrate articulation

being clearly seen at the hinder end of the mandible, below

the postorbital region of the skull. The maxilla is long,

stout, and ucarly straight, and bears moderately large conical

teeth. The orbit must have been very large, and the post-

orbital part of the cheek is completely covered with plates.

‘The preoperculum is much expanded, and has a large lower

limb. The pectoral fin is long and narrow, inserted well

208 Mr. W. Schaus on

above the lower border of the trunk and just below a smooth

enlarged postclavicular scale. Its rays are nearly uniform

in stoutness and articulated only quite at their extremities.

The scales seem to have been large, thin, smooth, and deeply

overlapping.

In general aspect this imperfect fish is very suggestive of

Syllemus, a Clupeoid from the Chalk, both of Europe and of

North America; but it differs from the kuown species of

the latter genus in the deeper cleft of its mouth, the shape

of its mandible, and the relatively larger size of its maxulary

teeth.

The specimen was presented to the British Museum

(Natural History) by the Director of the Imperial Institute,

during 1905.

XXI.—New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica.—X.

By W. Scuaus, F.Z.S.

Micrantha mollita, sp. n.

Palpi brown; frons whitish green ; vertex and collar buff,

shaded with light brown and with a few dark irrorations on

collar; thorax mottled buff and white, darkly irrorated in

front; abdomen buff-brown, with paler segmental lines.

Fore wings: base roseate buff, shading to grey medially and

from vein 2 to inner margin terminally ; some dark scales at

base of inner margin ; an indistinct brownish geminate ante-

medial line; orbicular and reniform space pale green; a

greenish space below orbicular ; the costa medially mottled

grey and brown; a greyish-brown medial shade, tinged with

dull green, expanding below reniform; reniform space

followed by a whitish line and by a large brown space to near

apex, which is crossed by the fine postmedial outcurved and

geminate lunular line, this line being filled in with white on

costa ; asubterminal line, whitish from costa to vein 5, roseate

buff below 5, crossing the brown space near apex, inwardly

shaded with green between 7 and 4, and followed by a dark

brown spot between 6 and 4; a terminal interrupted black

line, inwardly edged with whitish; cilia green. Hind wings

fuscous ; a terminal black line.

Expanse 22 mm.

Llab. Sixola.

Tleterocera from Costa Rica, 209

Lithacodia veternosa, sp. n.

?. Palpi inwardly buff, outwardly fuscous brown ; third

joint buff, tinged with fuscous. Fore wings fuscous brown ;

antemedial buff-brown, heavily edged with black, oblique on

costa, inset on subcostal, slightly outcurved below median,

and more so below submedian; orbicular a white point

edged with black ; a medial wavy black line ; reniform long,

consisting of a brown line on discocellular, inwardly finely

edged with white, outwardly broadly edged with white, and

surmounted by a buff spot on costa; postmedial from vein 8,

fine, black, wavy, followed by a creamy-buff shade and a

heavier black line from 8-3; below vein 2 the buff shade is

crossed by a fine brown line; a subterminal black shade,

heaviest from costa to vein 4, very irregular, and partly

shaded outwardly with buff-brown ; terminal lunular dark

velvety-brown spots between the veins, inwardly edged with

pale scales. Hind wings fuscous brown; a terminal lunular

fuscous line, edged with whitish scales ; whitish streaks on

cilia at veins.

Expanse 38 mm.

flab. Sixola, Banana River.

Lithacodia homopteridia, sp. n.

?. Palpi brown, irrorated with buff. Head light reddish

brown. Collar and thorax dark brown, the scales tipped with

lilacine grey. Abdomen dull grey-brown, with dark dorsal

tufts at base. Fore wings dark brown, the shadings and

lines almost black ; a medial and four outer white points on

costa; a basal line on costa; a finely dentate antemedial

line, velvety black, geminate, most heavily marked on inner

margin ; an irregular medial shade, followed by a large spot

in cell; a white point at origin of vein 3; postmedial gemi-

nate, wavily dentate ; a subterminal dark greyish-brown line,

faintly lunular, inwardly broadly shaded with fuscous ;

terminal velvety black lunules, inwardly edged with dark

grey-brown, and separated by minute buff points on veins.

Hind wings fuscous brown; a whitish-buff spot at anal

angle; terminal lunules and points as on fore wings. Under-

neath lighter fuscous brown, irrorated with lilacine white; a

finely lunular postmedial line with whitish streaks on veins ;

inner margin of fore wings white.

Expanse 32 mm.

Hab. Carillo.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 14

210 Mr. W. Schaus on

Lithacodia jora, sp. n.

3. Palpi dark brown, streaked with buff at tip; frons

black, vertex white, shaded with greenish buff; collar dark

brown, with a few white scales behind; thorax whitish, with

a dark brown spot in front, the patagia greenish, slightly

tipped with dark brown ; abdomen greenish buff, with dark

brown transverse shadings and dorsal tufts. Fore wings

light olive-green, darker medially below cell; the costa

spotted with fuscous brown, and towards apex with white;

the basal spot large, extending into cell ; asmall spot at base

of inner margin; medial spot on costa heavily marked,

below it the orbicular, which consists of a fuscous-brown point

circled with white, and below cell a curved brownish line to

inner margin, preceded below cell by a dark brown point ;

reniform space large, white, containing a fuscous-brown

streak ; postmedial remote from cell, incurved close to vein 4

to below reniform, slightly outcurved at vein 2, and heavily

marked with white ; outer margin fuscous brown, interrupted

by an olive-green space between 4 and 6, and with some

greenish-brown mottlings above tornus; cilia fuscous grey

and brown, with fine white streaks at veins 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7;

a white streak on costa near apex. Hind wings silky

brownish grey.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Eustrotia obliquilinea, sp. n.

Palpi outwardly brown, inwardly buff ; head and collar

light brown; thorax darker brown, the patagia outwardly

streaked with white ; abdomen brownish grey. Fore wings

dark olive-brown, the inner margin anda shade at and beyond

cell light olive-brown; an oblique white line from base of

costa to submedian vein; a broad, obliquely curved, white

antemedial line to submedian fold at subterminal, shaded

between fold and vein 4 by fuscous brown, and divided across

cell by a light olive-brown line; a white line medially across

cell, angled and following vein 8 to postmedial, which is fine,

white, inwardly oblique to vein 5, then nearly obsolescent to

submedian fold, limiting beyond cell the light brown shade ;

the costa postmedially streaked with white; a fuscous sub-

terminal shade incurved to below vein 5, outset from vein 4

to submedian fold; a terminal fuscous line inwardly edged

with white; cilia crossed by a whitish line. Hind wings

greyish brown.

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 211

Expanse 24 mm.

Hab, Avangarez.

Near £. enossia, Druce.

Phobalosia grandimacula, sp. n.

¢. Palpi and frons grey ; vertex fuscous brown ; irides-

cent golden scales between antenne; collar, thorax, and

abdomen whitish, thickly covered with fine wavy grey lines ;

anal hairs fuscous brown. Fore wings whitish, thickly

covered with transverse brownish striz ; traces of an ante-

medial geminate grey line, forming three outward curves ; a

very large round brown-black spot at and beyond end of cell,

followed by a fine dark postmedial line, slightly excurved ;

a subterminal dentate white line, preceded by a brown shade

on costa; an interrupted dark terminal line. Hind wings

whitish, suffused with grey; a dark terminal line. Hind

wings below with a dark discal point and a postmedial line

angled at vein 4.

Expanse 16 mm.

Hab. 'Tuis, Juan Vinas.

Casandria area, sp. n.

?. Palpi grey; head grey, shaded with light brown

laterally and behind, a fuscous line between antenne ; thorax

and abdomen grey, somewhat shaded with brown, the last

two segments dorsally and laterally brown. Fore wings dark

grey ; the subterminal area suffused with white; a basal and

antemedial excurved brownish shade, the latter followed by a

whitish spot in and below cell to submedian, containing a

cluster of black scales on fold, and is partly edged below

with brownish ; an incurved dark grey shade on discocellular,

followed by a small white spot ; beyond cell a brown line,

forming a vague “ 8.”’ Hind wings silky greyish brown.

Expanse 23 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Celiptera montana, sp. n.

8. Body dull brownish grey. Fore wings grey, irrorated

with brown; an indistinct basal and subbasal darker grey

line; an antemedial straight buff line, outwardly shaded

with reddish and then olive-brown, becoming greyer towards

costa; a similar line from vein 9 at 2mm. from apex to inner

margin near tornus; the intermediate space crossed by four

daiker grey and indistinct lines; reniform large, outlined in

14*

913 Mr. W. Schaus on

greyish buff, preceded by a velvety brown point; a dark

point on inner margin before antemedial, not always present ;

a straight subterminal row of black spots; an irregular row

of marginal fuscous points. Hind wings greyish brown,

shaded with fuscous beyond a pale straight subterminal line ;

the termen greyish, with minute black points. Underneath

dark greyish brown. Hind wings with long hairs at base

and along inner area.

Expanse 42 mm.

The female is browner and without the spot on inner

margin.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis, Laguna.

Cenipeta sublimis, sp. n.

Palpi dark brown, with a fine lateral white line. Head,

collar, and thorax dark brown; black shadings on patagia.

Abdomen fuscous brown, with paler transverse lines poste-

riorly on segments. Fore wings dark brown, with fuscous

shadings; a basal light brown line, followed by a dark space ;

an antemedial light brown line, geminate, enclosing a dark

triangular spot on costa, diverging and enclosing a dark spot

below cell, followed by some lilacine white scales between

submedian fold and vein ; a vague dark medial line; a buff-

brown shade from costa through reniform, which is outlined

by a white and yellowish line, wide apart and not meeting

behind, the inner portion continuing as a light brown line,

outwardly oblique to submedian, where it is angled and joined

by a short similar line from near middle of inner margin ;

the postmedial indistinct, outcurved, and terminating at

vein 4, edged with black ; the postmedial space below vein 4

clearer brown ; a subterminal ochreous brown line, dentate

from vein 8 to near 5, then broader and slightly incurved to

inner margin; marginal black spots outwardly shaded with

lighter brown; a faint terminal dark line. Hind wings

fuscous brown; a wavy light brown postmedial line; a grey-

brown subteiminal shade, interrupted by a fuscous projecting

line on vein 6 ; terminal white streaks on veins 2, 5, and 6;

a terminal black shade with a white point between 6 and 7 ;

three round marginal black spots between 2 and 5,

Fore wings below paler ; a whitish-buff spot at end of cell;

three medial spots on costa at origin of indistinct lines ;

white and buff mottlings above tornus and below apex ; sub-

terminal white near costa. Hind wings below with geminate

medial and postmedial dark lines and a black and buff line at

Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 215

end of cell; a pale subterminal line ; a black spot between 6

and 7 with a white point.

Expanse 51 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis.

Stictothripa delaia, sp. n.

@. Palpi mottled brown and white. Body white; trans-

verse grey shades on abdomen. Fore wings white, irrorated

with grey and mottled with pale yellow beyond cell and

postmedial line; an indistinct grey basal line ; antemedial

fine, dark grey, wavy, more deeply outcurved below sub-

median ; a medial fuscous shade on costa to discocellular,

which is crossed by a broad velvety fuscous-brown line,

obliquely curved to subterminal at vein 2; postmedial fine,

black, irregularly outcurved, straight from vein 2 to sub-

median, on which it is deeply and finely toothed towards

base ; subterminal fine, greyish brown, followed by a similar

terminal spot between 3 and 4, below 3 inbent to vein 2, and

then heavily marked velvety fuscous brown, inwardly shaded

with light brown to tornus; cilia yellow, shaded with

brownish spots and tipped with white. Hind wings white ;

a curved fuscous line on discocellular, a postmedial puncti-

form line becoming linear on inner margin; veins and outer

margin silvery, the latter broadly shaded with fuscous grey ;

darker subterminal streaks on veins and a fuscous line from

vein 2 to anal angle ; a dark terminal line.

Expanse 40 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Concana lepida, sp. n.

Palpi light brown, spotted with dark brown; a white spot

on frons above proboscis, otherwise frons, vertex, collar, and

thorax mottled fuscous brown and buff, with some white

scales posteriorly on collar and long spatulate scales on

thorax; abdomen fuscous grey and brown, with high dorsal

tufts. Fore wings buff-brown, crossed by numerous irregular

Junular dark brown and black lines; a blue-grey streak on

submedian medially and beyond, and an oblique whitish

shade above it to vein 2 ; an excurved white line at end of

cell, the veins before it and vein 2 blue-grey ; veins 3, 4, 6,

and 8 whitish on postmedial area; erd of cell and postmedial

space between 6 and 8 blue-grey; a whitish shade between

5 and 6 ; some marginal whitish-buff shadings. Hind wings

whitish, thinly scaled with brown ; the veins and outer mar-

gin dark brown ; a subterminal whitish-buff line, interrupted

yAib | Mr. W. Schaus on

by the veins; cilia whitish, divided by a brown line. Fore

wings below fuscous grey; a black point and white line

postmedially on costa; a subterminal irregular white line.

Hind wings white; a wavy fuscous medial line; a dentate

postmedial line; a heavier fuscous subterminal shade and

some marginal shadings.

Expanse 385 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Concana magnetica, sp. 0.

9. Body dark lilacine brown; a fuscous-brown transverse

shade anteriorly on collar, and similar dorsal tufts on first and

third segments of abdomen. Fore wings dark lilacine brown,

the markings fuscous brown; a basal line with some lilacine

blue scales below cell ; an antemedial shade outwardly curved

from subcostal to submedian, and inwardly shaded with

lilacine blue scales ; a medial line across discocellular, inter-

rupted between cell and vein 2, outcurved from 2 to sub-

median, inbent below it, preceded in cell by a curved line

and followed beyond cell by a cluster of lilacine scales;

postmedial only faintly excurved from costa to vein 2, then

parallel with medial line, inwardly shaded with lilacine blue

from costa to vein 2; an irregular lilacine-blue subterminal

shade, followed by dark brown spots at apex, vein 4, and

below vein 3; terminal dark intervenal spots. Hind wings:

the base to beyond cell and inner margin white, shot with

lilacine blue; the costal and outer margin broadly black-

brown; a fine dark line along inner margin; whitish streaks

at and above anal angle.

Iixpanse 30 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Concana lecta, sp. n.

Palpi reddish brown in front, fuscous behind. Head and

collar reddish brown ; a fuscous shade posteriorly on collar.

Thorax darker reddish brown, the patagia tipped with

fuscous. Abdomen fuscous above; a dorsal red-brown tuft

on third segment. Fore wings brown, darkest at base and on

inner margin medially ; some black at base of costa; a tuft

of light brown scales on base of submedian ; a fuscous gemi-

nate antemedial curved line, filled in with light brown and

shaded with dark red below cell to near submedian ; orbicular

large, irregular, lighter brown, edged with whitish buff and

a few dark red scales ; a fuscous medial line, preceded by a

pe ee eine ing

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 215

whitish-grey shade below cell ; reniform space to postmedial

lighter brown, crossed by vague lilacine and greyish scales ;

postmedial irregular, whitish buff, preceded by a black shade

between 4 and 5 and from vein 2 to inner margin, and is

also edged with fuscous and darker brown; veins 3 and 4

whitish ; a wavy whitish subterminal line, preceded by a

black space on costa and a large spot above vein 4; small

terminal lunules inversely placed, their curves suffusing and

shaded with golden brown. Hind wings dark brown; a

faint discal spot; subterminal shade and terminal line, also a

reddish-brown spot at anal angle. Hind wings below

whitish, irrorated with light and dark brown; a medial shade

before discal point; a postmedial lunular line; a subterminal

shade.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. Avangarez, Juan Vinas.

Concana intricata, sp. n.

gd. Palpi and head mottled lilacine buff and brown; some

white at base of antenne and close to eyes. Collar light

brown, broadly edged behind with dark brown and white.

Thorax brown, the patagia shaded with silvery white. Fore

wings light silky bronze; the base irrorated with lilacine,

leaving a vague basal and subbasal clear line on costa and

cell; an antemedial clearer brown shade angled in cell;

a parallel median shade angled on median, widest below

cell, closely followed by a fine lunular line, these lines indi-

cated by faint silvery scaling between them; some white

sealing beyond discocellular anteriorly and at base of veins

3-5; a faint postmedial interrupted line and broad, oblique,

darker brown shades to before termen from vein 2 to tornus,

from above 5 to vein 2, and from costa to vein 4, also

smaller spots from costa to vein 6 ; terminal intervenal spots ;

whitish points at tips of veins. Hind wings whitish brown;

the veins, a discal spot, and postmedial line darker; the

outer margin broadly fuscous brown; a faint submarginal

whitish line. Hind wings below whitish, shaded with brown

on costa and outer margins; a medial brown line; a dark

streak on discocellular ; a finely dentate postmedial line, with

white streaks on veins 3-8; some white scaling on outer

margin.

Expanse 29 mm.

@. More mottled with white; an oblique white line

beyond cell, followed by a velvety fuscous-brown shade

216 Mr. W. Schaus on

between 4 and 6, interrupting a subterminal white line at

vein 5; a wavy marginal white line.

Expanse 27 mm.

Hab. Avangarez, Tuis, Sixola.

Dyops? telharsa, sp. n.

¢. Frons and a spot between antenne reddish brown;

head otherwise and collar whitish buff, mottled with brown.

Thorax silvery white, with a few brown irrorations ; a dark

brown medial spot and dark tips to tufts behind. Abdomen

white, irrorated with brown; anal hairs and small dorsal

tufts dark brown. Fore wings silky brown, with darker

brown medial, postmedial, and subterminal shadings ; ante-

medial finely dentate, inbent from subcostal to submedian,

crossing the inner edge of a narrow white fascia; a white

streak medially along inner margin; an oblique white line

from reniform to vein 2 and some white scaling on inner

margin on either side of postmedial. Hind wings fuscous

brown ; a finely dentate postmedial darker line, preceded and

followed towards inner margin by a buff-brown shade.

ixpanse 33 mm.

flab. Esperanza.

Dyops? telmela, sp. n.

Head and thorax buff; collar and patagia shaded with

grey and dark brown. Abdomen buff-brown, with paler

segmental lines and some dark brown dorsally. Fore wings

brownish grey; the costa mottled with white and light

brown ; an indistinct basal line; the antemedial fine, oblique

from costa, inset in cell, and below median edging a broad

transverse dark olive-brown fascia, which is also crossed by

a black shade; postmedial remote, oblique from vein 8-6,

incurved between 6 and 4, heavily marked, velvety black,

fine and inbent to vein 2 and medial fascia, which it edges, to

inner margin, and is again heavily marked ; reniform pale

brown, incurved; a subterminal buff line, wavy near costa,

where it is preceded by a dark brown spot, dentate, lunular

below vein 4; an oblique brown shade from postmedial to

termen at vein 4; a terminal dark line connecting intervenal

spots. Hind wings brown; a darker shade on discocellular ;

a terminal darker brown line preceded by some whitish-grey

scaling ; a pale spot above anal angle, surmounted by a dark

point.

Expanse 31 mm.

Flab. La Florida.

Hleterocera from Costa Rica. 217

Arugisa oppressa, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax dark brown, tinged with blue-black.

Abdomen fuscous brown. Fore wings to postmedial line

bluish black, tinged with brown; a fine velvety antemedial

line, faintly irrorated with grey; a velvety black point as

orbicular ; a velvety fine black line on discocellular ; post-

medial fine, blackish, slightly irrorated with grey, with

rounded projections above veins 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7; outer

margin broadly brown, with an irregular subterminal darker

shade and terminal dark brown points between the veins.

Hind wings fuscous brown.

Expanse 25 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Baniana pastoria, sp. n.

g. Palpi and collar ochreous brown, the latter in front

dark reddish brown ; head buff, dark reddish brown close to

collar; thorax and abdomen buff, with a few dark irrorations ;

a dark reddish-brown transverse line close to collar and black

segmental lines on abdomen. Fore wings buff, irrorated and

shaded with dark olive-brown, chiefly along costa and beyond

lines which are rather broad, clear buff; the antemedial

somewhat oblique, the postmedial slightly sinuous; the dark

subterminal shade inwardly edged with buff, inset and out-

wardly oblique from 6-3, and again from 3 to tornus ; mar-

ginal black points between the veins ; cilia dark olive-brown ;

two black points on discocellular. Hind wings buff, with a

few dark irrorations on outer margin and some brownish

hairs on inner margin; terminal black points between the

veins; cilia buff; the black discal spot and_ postmedial

punctiform line of underside faintly visible.

Expanse 31 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Baniana strigata, sp. n.

6. Palpi light brown. Head and collar olive-buff.

Thorax and abdomen buff, with dark irrorations. Legs buff;

the tarsi streaked and circled with black. Fore wings

brownish buff, crossed by numerous close-set brown lines,

rather darker subterminally, and crossed by a sinuous brown

shade from vein 6 to apex; an antemedial and a postmedial

dark spot on costa; two black points on discocellular ;

marginal small black spots between the veins; cilia buff just

below apex and at tornus, otherwise dark brown. Hind

218 Mr, W. Schaus on

wings yellowish buff; a black discal spot ; brownish hairs on

inner. margin; a terminal black line interrupted by veins.

Underneath yellowish, with darker irrorations, the inner

margins clear paler yellowish ; fore wings with a black line

on discocellular and a curved dentate black line from vein 5

to costa; hind wings with a black discal spot and postmedial

line ; terminal black spots on both wings.

Jixpanse 31 mm.

Hab. Sixola, El Sitio.

Tyrissa perstrigata, sp. n.

Palpidark brown. Frons white. Vertex and collar lilacine

white, irrorated with brown, the collar edged behind with

brown. Thorax and abdomen darker grey, the former irro-

rated with pale grey. Fore wings dark brown, the base with

outcurved fine grey lines partly coalescing; some grey in

cell and a black point as orbicular ; two brownish spots on

discocellular ; a postmedial lighter brown line, outbent along

costa, lunular to vein 4, partly shaded with fine short trans-

verse whitish lines, very oblique from vein 4 to inner margin,

and preceded below 5 by four fine greyish lines and above 5

by a broader greyish shade; subterminal line like postmedial,

preceded and followed by grey; a terminal black line ; ex-

treme costa spotted with buff and white; the outer margin

produced at apex and vein 4, crenulate and very oblique

below 4. Hind wings dark brown, the medial area crossed

by seven fine greyish lines; the postmedial finely lunular,

lighter brown, spotted with white outwardly and followed by

a grey line; the subterminal preceded and followed by greyish

lines from vein 5 to inner margins. Underneath dark brown;

the medial area crossed by fine lilacine-blue lines ; fore wings

with a white postmedial spot on costa and a bluish-white

streak towards apex ; the costa narrowly ochreous buff.

Expanse 30 mm.

Hab. Guapiles, Tuis, Juan Vinas.

Near 7. laminata, Butl.

Rhosologia atomosa, sp. n.

&@. Head, collar, and thorax olive-grey ; a central black

line on vertex and collar; palpi laterally and below black.

Abdomen grey, irrorated with black and clothed with brown

hairs. Fore wings olive-grey, irrorated rather thinly with

black scales and faint dark strive ; a black point at base of

cell; a faint dusky antemedial shade, angled on costa, and

with a small cluster of black scales below submedian fold ;

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 219

orbicular a black point; reniform large, reddish brown,

crossed by a fuscous line, preceded by a black line anteriorly

in cell, suffusing with a velvety black spot below vein 5, and

connected with costa by a fine angled black line; a fuscous-

brown shade from apex, inbent at vein 6, ovtcurved and less

distinct below 5; terminal black points. Hind wings light

brown at base, shading to fuscous on outer margin; the

veins fuscous on outer half; minute terminal black points ;

cilia golden yellow.

E-xpanse 43 mm.

Hab, Jvan Vinas.

Allied to R. pallida, Schs., and R. sabata, Druce.

Rhosologia pallida, sp. n.

d. Head, collar, and thorax yellowish buff, the palpi

laterally black. Abdomen above buff, shaded with reddish

brown, laterally thinly irrorated with black. Fore wings

yellowish buff, with some scattered brown strie; a light

brown point as orbicular; reniform large, diffuse, mottled

dark grey and brown; an elongated velvety black spot at

cell below vein 5; a faint brownish angled shade from costa

to reniform ; a vague subterminal shade irrorated with

ochreous, beyond which the margin is faintly darker; terminal

dark points between the veins. Hind wings thinly irrorated

with fuscous; the veins slightly brown; terminal black

points larger than on fore wings ; cilia yellowish buff.

Eixpanse 39 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Herminodes juvenis, sp. 0.

6. Palpi dark brown, streaked with white above. Head,

collar, thorax, and fore wings whitish, thinly irrorated with

dark brown. Abdomen buff-brown. Fore wings: no orbi-

cular; reniform faintly outlined by brown scales; a post-

medial series of small clusters of brown scales, connected on

costa and inner margin ; a subterminal lunular dentate line,

very fine and indistinct ; outer margin suffused with brown ;

fuscous-brown terminal spots. Hind wings pale buff,

irrorated with brown on outer half; a terminal fuscous line,

interrupted by veins.

Expanse 25 mm.

Hab. Tuis.

flerminodes subclara, sp. n.

Palpi dark olive-brown, fringed above with whitish.

220 Mr. W. Schaus on

Head, collar, and thorax buff-white, streaked with fine light

brown hairs. Abdomen faintly tinged with grey. Fore

wings whitish buff, thinly irrorated with olive-brown scales ;

a velvety black spot at base of cell; a slightly larger similar

spot as orbicular ; reniform similar in colour, more elongated,

oblique, slightly excised on its outer side; a velvety streak

below cell, extending partly into it, and almost connecting

the two spots ; a postmedial and a subterminal dark lunular

dentate line, very indistinct ; a lunular dark terminal line,

interrupted by veins and outwardly edged with creamy buff ;

cilia with dark greyish-brown shades at ends of veins. Hind

wings pale buff, irrorated with fuscous grey; a faint dark

shade on discocellular. Underneath whitish buff, indistinctly

shaded with darker scales, and no discal spots, only a black

point as orbicular on fore wings.

Expanse 40 mm.

Hab. Tuis, Guapiles, Juan Vinas.

Allied to H. concatinalis, Wlk.

Herminodes valida, sp. n.

Palpi black, fringed above with pale buff. Head and

thorax pale buff. Abdomen pale buff. Fore wings pale

buff, thinly irrorated with black scales; a velvety black point

at base of cell; antemedial ochreous points on median and

submedian ; a minute ochreous point as orbicular; reniform a

small ochreous lunule, irrorated with black ; a postmedial row of

ochreous and black clusters of scales, very small; a subterminal

row of ochreous and black lunular dentate marks, slightly

larger than postmedial spots; a marginal row of black inter-

venal points. Hind wings fuscous grey; the cilia ochreous

buff, extending on terminal area. Fore wings below fuscous

grey; hind wings buff, thickly irrorated with fuscous ; small

black spots on discocellular ; a terminal black line ; a post-

medial darker interrupted shade; cilia ochreous buff, with

clusters of dark scales at veins.

Expanse 45 mm.

Hab. Sixola, Banana River.

Herminodes madrina, sp. 0.

3. Palpi outwardly fuscous brown, interiorly and tips

pale buff. Headand thorax creamy buff. Abdomen greyish

buff, Fore wings creamy buff, thinly irrorated with dark

brown scales ; a black point at base of cell ; a dark point as

orbicular ; reniform large, fuscous grey spotted with ochreous,

inwardly edged by a lunular fuscous-brown line; a post-

[leterocera from Costa Rie. 221

medial and a subterminal row of small dentate dark brown

spots; a terminal row of fuscous-brown points between the

veins, Hind wings creamy buff, thickly overlaid with

fuscous scales; cilia creamy buff. Underneath thinly

irrorated with fuscous scales ; fuscous spots on discocellular.

Expanse 43 mm.

Hab. Sixola, Esperanza.

Allied to H discata, Schs.

Herminodes ? venosa, sp. n.

3. Palpi reddish brown laterally and below, buff above,

spotted with brown ; fringe in front very long. Head and

collar buff-white; a central fuscous line. Thorax buff-

brown. Abdomen fuscous brown above, underneath and

anal hairs buff-white. Fore wings brown, shaded with buff

below costa and on outer margin ; veins buff; an antemedial

black point below cell; orbicular a black point, followed by

a darker shade to reniform, which consists of a buff spot; a

postmedial dark curved line cut by veins into small spots ;

an indistinct subterminal black shade, partly shaded outwardly

with buff; terminal black points between the veins. Hind

wings fuscous; the cilia tipped with buff. Underneath

brownish buff, the disc of fore wings shaded with fuscous ;

hind wings with a black discal spot, a postmedial fuscous

shade, and an interrupted terminal black line. Fore legs with

long tufts of black hairs.

Expanse 31 mm.

Female : the fore wings buff, irrorated with brown, other-

wise the markings are as in the male.

Eixpanse 35 mm.

Hab. Sixola River.

Orsa uzza, sp. 0.

3. Palpi dark grey-brown, mottled in front with buff, the

segments tipped with buff. Head and collar brown, the

frons mottled with yellowish white. ‘Thorax dark steel-grey.

Abdomen above dark brown, at base followed by steel-

grey, the two last segments buff, crossed by fine wavy light

and fuscous-brown lines, the anal hairs whitish buff. Fore’

wings dark steel-grey tinged with brown ; the costa finely

buff to postmedial line, then spotted with white; an ante-

medial and a medial fine wavy dark brown line; a black

point as orbicular ; an interrupted black line on discocellular,

edged with lighter grey ; postmedial fine, dark brown,

222 Mr. W. Schaus on

slightly outcurved and wavy from costa to vein 4, and out-

wardly shaded with dull dark brown; an irregular and

indistinct dark subterminal shade with lighter grey points

between the veins; a terminal black line ; cilia black, tipped

with white near apex and from vein 3 to tornus, and shaded

with ochreous brown basally above tornus. Hind wings

dark steel-grey ; a black medial line followed by a broad

light brown space, not reaching inner margin and containing

a black point on discocellular behind; a straight postmedial

line, paler steel-grey edged on either side with dark brown ;

a terminal black line; base of cilia ochreous brown, followed

by fuscous and tipped with whitish. Wings below whitish,

crossed by numerous black striz, and wavy medial and post-

medial black lines, the dise of fore wings strongly shaded

with brown; a black shade connecting the lines below cell,

and the terminal area below apex shaded with black; hind

wings with the outer margin broadly black, on which are

some subterminal pale spots.

Expanse 33 mm.

Flab. La Florida.

Thermesia ? subdentata, sp. n.

Palpi orange, shaded with fuscous brown laterally ; frons

reddish irrorated with lilacine; vertex and collar velvety

brown-black ; thorax greyish brown irrorated with lilacine ;

abdomen dark grey. Fore wings yellowish buff striated

with dark grey ; a dark shade at base irrorated with lilacine,

expanding below cell and there limited by an inwardly

oblique fuscous line, which is outbent below submedian ; an

antemedial dark brown line on costa; a medial irregular

transverse olive-brown shade preceded by some reddish

irrorations in and below cell; reniform much constricted

anteriorly, its edge preceded by a velvety brown-black line ;

postmedial dark olive-brown, outbent from costa, followed

by a lilacine line from vein 8, and another brownish line

from yein 6, from which point it is inwardly oblique and

slightly sinuous ; a broad lilacine shade follows from vein 4

to inner margin; the terminal area more heavily striated,

and an irregular row of black subterminal spots ; base of

cilia reddish brown. Hind wings grey-brown tinged with

olive ; a postmedial black line, expanding on inner margin

and there geminate ; cilia dark brown, with a reddish line at

base, and tipped with lilacine scales. Fore wings below

dull greyish brown, the costa shaded with ochreous ; a white

point on discocellular closely followed by a dentate fuscous

Heterocera from Costa Lica. 223

line. Hind wings below paler, irrorated with dark brown

and lilacine; a velvety black spot on discocellular edged

with white, followed by a very deeply dentate fuscous-brown

line ; marginal white points between the veins.

Expanse 44 mm,

Hab. Poas.

Bendis ?staha, sp. nu.

9. Head, collar, and thorax dark brown; a white line

between antenne curved towards frons ; the shaft of antenne

spotted with white. Abdomen grey-brown, a transverse

fuscous-brown streak at base. Fore wings brown tinged

with lilacine; the base darker, becoming black-brown to-

wards antemedial, which is oblique from costa, angled below

cell and inwardly sinuous to inner margin; the antemedial

on costa, and a fuscous basal line on costa, finely edged with

whitish ; a whitish medial and a similar postmedial line on

costa, the latter continuing as a fine and indistinct greyish-

brown line angled beyond cell; a fine buff streak on disco-

cellular; the postmedial followed by a brown outcurved and

sinuous line, edged with white on costa, then with buff and

light brown to vein 6, and below 6 to inner margin with

black-brown ; a subterminal buff-brown line incurved before

apex, inwardly shaded with black-brown and followed by a

dark grey shade and black-brown spot, dentately inbent to

vein 6, outbent to termen between 4 and 3, and incurved to

tornus ; below vein 6 the subterminal is preceded by a dark

grey-brown shade; a terminal buff line. Hind wings brown

faintly shaded with violaceous; a medial, postmedial, and

terminal buff line ; a very faint subterminal lunular line; a

minute white streak on discocellular. Wings below brown ;

wavy medial and postmedial white lines; marginal white

shadings, and white streaks on discocellulars.

Iixpanse 28 mm.

flab. Avangarez,

Allied to Bendis mascara, Schs.

Isogona bilinea, sp. n.

9. Palpi, head, and collar olive-brown; thorax and

patagia lilacine brown; abdomen fuscous grey. Fore wings

chiefly greyish brown, thinly irrorated with black; ante-

medial line angled on extreme costa, nearly straight to inner

margin, roseate, inwardly shaded with olive-brown ; a black

point as orbicular; reniform large, pale olive-brown finely

outlined with black ; postmedial line remote, finely angled

224 Mr. W. Schaus on

on extreme costa and straight to inner margin near tornus,

olive-brown, divided by a slightly paler line, and followed

by a roseate shade ; outer margin shaded with olive-brown ;

subterminal small black spots, some of them shaded with

white ; a terminal dark brown line; cilia dark grey with a

yale line at base. Hind wings fuscous brown ; a postmedial

tine dark line, curved near tornus.

Expanse 34 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Oroscopa delicata, sp. n.

g. Palpi brown and black, the third joint buff, broadly

circled with black. Body yellowish buff. Fore wings buff

tinged with brown, chiefly on costa; some scattered black

scales at base; a greyish spot at end of cell; a fuscous

antemedial and postmedial shade on costa, the latter followed

by a fine line, outcurved from costa and incurved between

7 and 4, very oblique inwardly from 4 to inner margin

before middle, brownish, outwardly shaded with whitish

buff and preceded from vein 4 to inner margin by three fine

whitish-buff lines; a dark brown streak on inner margin

beyond middle, followed by a brown spot crossed by a

transverse whitish line; the outer margin shaded with brown

between 5 and 8; terminal dark brown spots preceded by

whitish streaks. Hind wings buff, crossed medially by

numerous fine darker lines; a dark brown spot on costa

before apex ; a transverse dark brown line from near apex to

anal angle, followed by a lighter brown line and some greyish

strige ; an interrupted dark terminal line. Hind wings below

with the outer margins broadly shaded with fuscous grey.

Expanse 24 mm.

Hab. Guapiles.

Oroscopa calverti, sp. n.

9. Palpi buff, transversely streaked with brown. Head,

collar, and thorax whitish buff, the collar anteriorly shaded

with dark brown. Abdomen buff, dorsally shaded with

fuscous brown; lateral and sublateral black spots. Fore

wings buff, crossed by fine greyish-brown striz ; a curved

and indistinct greyish antemedial shade; a greyish spot on

discocellular, crossed by a curved black line; an oblique

brown postmedial line on costa, followed by an evenly curved

row of somewhat lunular fuscous-brown spots from costa to

inner margin; a subterminal heavy rich brown line straight

from below costa to below vein 5, then slightly outeurved

Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 225

and faintly marked, inbent and again heavily marked on

inner margin, and followed by a pale line and then partly

with fuscous ; the margin shaded with grey ; terminal brown-

black spots between the veins preceded by whitish streaks.

Hind wings buff, crossed by pale brownish lines ; a semilunar

fuscous-brown line on discocellular coalescing with a small

spot ; a postmedial row of fuscous-brown spots, the largest

on costa and connected by a whitish-buff dentate line; asub-

terminal dark brown line; outer margin as on fore wings.

Fore wings below brownish, the outer margin shaded with

grey; a subbasal and wavy medial fuscous line inversely

oblique; a black point in cell; the discal spot followed by a

short whitish streak; a postmedial row of fuscous spots, the

spot between 5 and 6 inset; subterminal darker brown spots.

Hind wings below buff, irrorated thinly with black; outer

margin like fore wings; an antemedial wavy black line; a

round black spot cut by pale discocellular; an irregular

postmedial row of black spots; a subterminal brownish

line.

Expanse 35 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Named after Prof. P. P. Calvert, to whom I am indebted

for a specimen.

Oroscopa hacupha, sp. n.

@. Palpi and abdomen buff-brown, irrorated with dark

brown and black. Head and thorax clear buff-brown.

Collar dark brown, pale shaded behind. Wings buff-brown,

irrorated with a few dark scales. Fore wings: the costal

margin crossed by greyish striz; a fine brownish antemedial

curved line ; a fuscous spot at end of cell containing some

grey scales; an irregularly outcurved brownish line, very

oblique from vein 4 to inner margin, followed by five fine

brownish lines, chiefly noticeable on inner margin ; traces of

a subterminal darker line, much interrupted; some slightly

darker terminal shadings from below 5 to 6 and at tornus;

terminal dark points between the veins. Hind wings: eight

transverse brownish lines, darkest medially, almost obsolete

near subterminal, which is reddish brown, interrupted betore

costa, and followed by a fuscous-grey shade ; a row of small

postmedial black spots, the one near costa larger and tri-

angular. Wings below buff, shaded and irrorated with

brown ; irregular fuscous medial and postmedial lines.

Expanse 36 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol, viii. 15

226 Mr. W. Schaus on

Capnodes rubrifusca, sp. n.

g. Head and collar red tinged with ochreous ; thorax and

dorsal tufts on abdomen darker red, the abdomen otherwise

dark greyish brown above with luteous anal hairs. Wings

dark brownish red; a postmedial blackish line, slightly

oblique. Fore wings: a fine straight blackish antemedial

line ; a small dark spot in cell; a dark line on discocellular ;

a darker red irregular subterminal line, inbent at veins 6

and 2. Hind wings: the costal margin shaded with black.

Expanse 40 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Sixola.

Capnodes pleione, sp. n.

9. Head and collar dark brown; patagia and abdomen

{uscous brown. Wings dark brown faintly tinged with

purplish. Fore wings: a fine brown antemedial line with

white points on veins, and followed by a fuscous shade,

darkest in cell; a medial fuscous shade darkest in cell; a

fine fuscous line on discocellular ; a fine postmedial line with

white points on veins, starting from a large costal spot, in-

wardly white, outwardly ochreous, and partly filled in with

brown; subterminal black points between the veins; a

terminal black line. Hind wings: a fuscous medial and

postmedial shade, the latter with minute whitish points on

veins ; subterminal black points between the veins.

Expanse 33 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Near C. sterope, Cr., but darker than that species.

Capnodes addana, sp. n.

3. Body and wings dull dark brown. Fore wings: the

lines fine, darker brown; the antemedial straight, finely

wavy, faintly edged with ochreous brown ; the postmedial

slightly outcurved, finely wavy, outwardly edged with

ochreous brown from vein 7-2; a black point at base of

subcostal] ; reniform indistinct, rather darker; small clusters

of black scales subterminally between veins ; terminal black

points between veins connected by a fine dark line. Hind

wings: two black points on discocellular ; a finely wavy

postmedial line outwardly edged with ochreous brown ; sub-

terminal spots and terminal points as on fore wings.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 227

Capnodes peruda, sp. n.

¢. Body and wings brown. Fore wings faintly tinged

with lilacine ; an antemedial and a postmedial white spot

on costa from which the lines start, both lighter brown and

darkly edged towards medial space; the antemedial slightly

inbent, the postmedial outcurved beyond cell; reniform

large, a brighter brown darkly edged; faint subterminal

greyish spots; a fine dark crenulate line, punctiform be-

tween the veins. Hind wings thinly irrorated with black ;

a postmedial line as on fore wings; the subterminal spots

more distinct.

Expanse 23 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Capnodes? chephira, sp. n.

3. Head and collar light brown. Thorax and dorsal

tufts on abdomen reddish brown; abdomen otherwise fuscous

brown. Wings dark reddish brown. Fore wings: costa

shaded with light reddish brown; a white spot at base

below cell and at apex; a large medial white space below

subcostal where it is widest, its inner edge straight, rounded

above submedian and oblique towards apex, containing a

dark brown streak on discocellular and a spot in cell, into

which the white projects on basal side; a medial small

white streak on inner margin and on costa; small sub-

terminal white spots below apical spot and near tornus,

Hind wings: a small white spot at end of cell; a row of

subterminal white spots followed by larger spots between

4 and 7 and at anal angle ; cilia on both wings black, with

small white spots.

Expanse 25 mm.

FHlab. Sixola, Tuis, Juan Vinas.

Exua barzillat, sp. n.

6. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax brown, the patagia

faintly tinged with lilacine ; abdomen above fuscous brown,

with light brown transverse shades. Fore wings: the basal

third brown limited by a straight antemedial line, darker

| brown outwardly edged with dull roseate, a black point at

base of cell ; medial space light brown tinged with grey near

3 P g 8 grey

_antemedial line, and with darker brown near postmedial from

below reniform to inner margin; reniform large, outlined in

buff and dull roseate; postmedial line angled at vein 6, fine,

‘buff, inwardly edged with dark brown; outer space light

15*

228 Mr. W. Schaus on

brown tinged with grey and irrorated with black ; sub-

terminal black spots between veins, partly shaded with

white ; a fuscous shade near tornus; a terminal buff line

preceded by a faint dark brown shade ; cilia fuscous. Hind

wings fuscous brown; an indistinct buff straight medial

line.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis.

Obroatis vinea, sp. n.

3. Head, collar, and thorax dark reddish brown, the palpi

tipped with brown; abdomen lilacine brown, with dorsal

reddish tufts. Fore wings dark reddish brown, limited by a

nearly straight fuscous line beyond cell, broadly shaded

beyond with lilacine, which is crossed by a fine, outwardly

Junular, postmedial reddish-brown line; the extreme costa

light reddish brown, and below it some lilacine irrorations ;

traces of a fine darker antemedial line; orbicular a dark

brown point ; reniform ochreous buff edged with dark red,

its margin inbent or consisting of two round superposed

spots ; “indistinct fuscous-grey subterminal points; the

termen shaded with dark reddish brown n; a pale line at base

of cilia. Hind wings dark reddish brown to a fine fuscous

medial line, which does not reach costa; costal margin

luteous ; postmedial line less distinct than on fore wings;

outer space tinged with lilacine, only the extreme outer

margin reddish brown.

Expanse 43 mm.

ae. El! Sitio, Juan Vinas.

Ephyrodes repandens, sp. n.

Head, collar, and thorax reddish brown. Abdomen

greyish shaded with brown at base, thinly irrorated with

black. Fore wings greyish brown, thinly irrorated with

black ; a fine black antemedial wavy line, deeply inbent in

cell ; orbicular a small round black spot containing a white

point; a narrow black medial shade oblique to reniform,

inset and wavy below it; reniform consisting of two small

black spots separated by a black line, all on an ochreous

shade, with a black point above it and three black points in

a curve below it; postmedial fine, reddish brown, partly

irrorated with w hite, angled at vein 7, and obliquely irregular

to inner margin ; subterminal clusters of reddish-brown and

white scales at angles of a faint reddish-brown shade, be-

coming darker at costa ; terminal dark points connected by

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 229

a fine outwardly lunular black line. Hind wings greyer in

tone, the costa whitish; a black medial line adjoining a

white discal spot finely edged with black and containing a

black point and some reddish lines; a straight postmedial

black line; subterminal reddish-brown spots partly connected ;

the termen shaded with lilacine white on which are black

points connected by a fine line.

Expanse 40 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

This species is widely distributed and is the Z.implens of

the ‘ Biologia’ (nee Walker).

Orthogramma terranea, sp. n.

Head, collar, and thorax brown, the collar darkest, tipped

with buff posteriorly ; abdomen grey, thickly irrorated with

fuscous overlaid with brown hairs; the basal segment lighter.

Wings brown, the veins paler. Tore wings: an antemedial

inwardly oblique dark brown line, inwardiy edged from sub-

costal to inner margin with lilacine white ; orbicular ex-

tending across cell; reniform still larger, its outer margin

incurved, both duller brown, outlined in dark brown out-

wardly edged with buff-brown ; a postmedial pale line from

costa, angled at vein 7, inwardly oblique to inner margin,

preceded by a fine olive-brown line, and followed by a

reddish-brown line outwardly edged with olive-brown, and

which continues above vein 7 to apex, where it is preceded

by a white line; subterminal white points shaded on either

side with dark brown; a terminal dark line, punctiform in

middle of interspaces ; cilia ochreous brown crossed by a

fuscous line. Hind wings: a dark brown discal point; a

postmedial line similar to line on fore wings, also similar

subterminal points and terminal line.

Expanse 45 mm.

fab. Juan Vinas.

Focilla invidiosa, sp. n.

g.~ Palpi brown irrorated with white, inwardly streaked

with white. Head dark lilacine brown. Collar and thorax

lilacine brown thinly irrorated with white. Abdomen above

dull dark grey-brown. Wings lilacine brown. Fore wings:

the basal third thinly irrorated with white; a curved basal

white line on costa enclosing a brown point; a dark brown

antemedial line inwardly edged with white scales, curved on

costa, interrupted in cel], where it is replaced by the orbicular,

a dark point, inwardly oblique from median to submedian,

230 On Heterocera from Costa Rica.

where it is sharply outbent and angled below submedian ; a

dark medial line inwardly oblique, angled and inset on sub-

median; reniform large, buff-grey, with a darker line on

discocellular ; postmedial fine, black, indistinct, dentate,

preceded by a large black spot at submedian ; a geminate

subterminal lunular line reddish brown and fuscous; a

terminal lighter brown shade between 4 and 6; apex shaded

with fuscous grey ; marginal black points between the veins.

Hind wings : the costa shaded with ochreous ; fuscous hairs

at base and on inner area; a heavy black medial line; an

irregular black postmedial line; the subterminal geminate,

coarsely dentate. Wings underneath buff-brown, finely

irrorated with black; black discal points; a medial black

line, obsolescent on clear yellowish inner margin of fore

wings ; postmedial very fine and indistinct; subterminal

geminate, sinuous; the costa of fore wings shaded with

white.

Expanse 50 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis.

Glenoptera ornata, sp. n

Palpi fuscous above, light brown below. Head and collar

olive-buff. Thorax dark green. Abdomen black above,

yellowish underneath. Fore wings green, darkest from base

to medial line ; the lines black, widest on costa; a basal

line across costa and cell; a streak on inner margin at base ;

antemedial line slightly oblique to median, outbent to sub-

median fold, then straight to inner margin, preceded by an

olive-green shade; medial oblique from costa to vein 4,

where it projects, straight to fold, expanding along it, and

inwardly almost touching the antemedial, which it follows to

inner margin, and is also preceded, except on costa, by an

olive-green shade; postmedial evenly outcurved, followed by

a fuscous spot on costa and on inner margin; subterminal

straight from costa to vein 6, inbent and angled close to 5,

then outbent and along vein 4 to termen ; a fuscous shade

at turnus. Hind wings black; the apex broadly bright

yellow. Underneath brown-black ; a broad yellow post-

medial fascia on fore wings and some yellow at apex ; hind

wings with a geminate medial black line, diverging towards

inner margin; the apex broadly yellow.

Expanse 50 mm.

Hab. Tuis.

On new Algerian Lepidoptera, 231

Torone notabilis, sp. n.

¢. Palpi white below, dark brown above. Head and

body above dark lilacine brown. Thorax below white.

Abdomen below crimson, ventrally shaded with yellowish

white towards base. Fore wings lilacine brown, the veins

with darker points; a fine dark brown antemedial line, out-

curved on costa, incurved, oblique, to middle of inner

margin; a dark brown medial spot on costa and a fine

fuscous line across discocellular and straight to inner margin,

preceded by a broad dark brown shade from vein 3 to inner

margin and followed by a similar shade containing some

whitish scales on inner margin, and extending above vein 3

towards apex, not quite joining a dark brown oblique shade

from costa to outer margin; a terminal lilacine line from

vein 3 to tornus, preceded by a dark brown shade. Hind

wings: the base and inner area dark brown; a black fascia

on discocellular and a crimson spot beyond it from veins 4-7,

its inner edge straight, its outer edge rounded; a broad

black shade from apex to inner margin near angle, leaving

the outer margin from vein 6 to anal angle broadly crimson.

Fore wings below yellowish; a black shade across end of

cell, expanding outwardly at vein 3, and reaching sub-

median; a large yellow spot beyond cell followed by black

spots from 7-3, divided by crimson streaks; the costa

shaded with crimson from beyond middle to near apex;

some terminal fuscous-grey shading. Hind wings below

crimson, with darker spots on veins; a broad marginal

yellow shade from vein 6 to anal angle.

Expanse 40 mm.

Hab. Tuis.

XXII.— Some new Algerian Lepidoptera.

By the Hon, Water Roruscutip, Ph.D.

Family Noctuidae.

1. Eublemma faroulti, sp. n.

3. Legs and palpi very pale wood-brown; antenne

white, with brown pectinations; head and thorax white :

abdomen creamy white. Fore wing creamy white, an inter-

rupted orange-brown transverse band one-fourth from base, a

232 On new Algerian Lepidoptera.

discocellular brown patch half joined to a brown curved

transverse band beyond cell; costal margin orange-brown ;

a submarginal row of black dots; outer margin orange: fringe

whitish grey, very broad (2 mm.). Hind wing creamy white,

suffused with yellowish grey, with two obsolete darker

clouded bands on disk ; fringe 2 mm. broad, white.

Length of fore wing 16 mm.

Hab. Bou Saada, May 1911 (Victor Faroult).

2. Cleophana betica diluta, subsp. n.

Differs from betica betiea in the ground-colour and fringes

being white, not mauve-grey, and the dark markings on each

side of the transverse bands shining pale yellowish wood-

brown, not blackish brown ; thorax whitish, not dark grey.

Hab. A large series from El] Outaya and Bou Saada (type),

April and May (Victor Faroult).

Intermediate specimens occur in Asia Minor and Greece.

3. Cucullia oberthueri, sp. n.

6. Head woody buff; antennze whitish ; tegule cream-

colour, edged with brown; patagia cream-colour, faintly tinged

with grey; thorax black-brown; abdomen brown-buff, claspers

deep buff. Fore wing cream-colour; costal and subcostal

area sooty grey-brown ; a few brown striz running in from

outer margin ; an oblique brown irregular band runs from

base of inner margin to vein 3 at outer margin; three minute

black dots in cell on median vein. Hind wing cream-colour,

veins yellowish brown.

Length of fore wing 22 mm.

Hab. 2 8 8, Bou Saada, May 1911 (Victor Faroult)

(type); 1 g, El Kantara, 8. Algeria, April 1911 (Véetor

Faroult).

Family Geometridae.

4. Scodiona albirosea, sp. n.

¢. Legs sooty grey ; head and thorax white, washed with

rose; antenna white; abdomen dirty white. Fore wing

very pale whitish rose, suffused on basal three-fourths with

darker rose and sparsely powdered with blackish dots; an

interrupted, brick-red, zigzag, transverse line one-third from

base, two brick-red patches on costa, and a similar disco-

cellular one; a zigzag brick-red transverse line beyond cell,

much clouded all round with brick-red ; marginal line orange.

On new Lepidoptera from New Guinea. 233

Hind wing pinkish white; an indistinet discal band and a

series of dots on abdominal area brick-orange; marginal

line orange.

Length of fore wing 21 mm.

Hab. Bou Saada, May 1911 (Victor Faroult); 1 ?.

Family Arctiade.

5. Phragmatobia faroulti, sp. n.

g. Pectus yellowish wood-brown ; tarsi rosy red ; palpi,

head, and antenne sooty brown-black ; thorax and abdomen

sooty brown, tips of tegule, patagia, and abdomen clothed

with brownish-white hairs. Fore wing dark dull wood-

brown, suffused with sooty black ; outer margin 3 mm. wide,

except termen, sooty black; rest of wing with ten or twelve

large sooty patches. Hind wing rosy wood-brown, with a

black margin 3°5 mm, wide, a subbasal and a post-cellular

sooty patch.

Length of fore wing 17 mm.

Hab. Bou Saada, May 1911 (Victor Faroult) ; 1 6.

XXII.—Two new Lepidoptera from New Guinea.

By the Hon. Water Roruscnixp, Ph.D.

Family Lycenide.

1. Deudoryx meeki, sp. n.

@. Legs orange-brown ; palpi and frons chestnut, both

edged with dark yellow; vertex chestnut; antenne dark

brown, ringed with buff, club chestnut ; thorax and abdomen

sooty brown-black. Fore wing above deep shining purple,

dise in some lights blackish ; basal third of costal area sooty

brown-black, Hind wing above shining deep purple, costal

area broadly sooty brown-black ; abdominal area very broadly

sooty grey-black, clothed with long hairs and edged with

grey ; anal angle produced, a chestnut patch on it fringed

with long, black, battledore-like scales. Fore wing below

costal half reddish chocolate, powdered with rosy scales ;

posterior half greyish wood-brown; a glittering green-golden

patch at base of costal area; a large and two small green-

golden patches in cell and a very large green-golden patch at

234 On new Lepidoptera from New Guinea.

apex of cell reaching far beyond it; beyond this patch again

are two green-golden dots. Hind wing below reddish choco-

late, powdered with pink scales on outer third; an irregular,

broad, oblique band of glittering green-gold reaches from

upper half of base of wing three-fourths across the wing

towards anal angle; two green-gold patches beyond this

band on and above vein 8; two black spots bordered with

metallic opal blue, beyond which is a chestnut patch at anal

angle; a submarginal metallic opal blue line from vein 1 to

vein 3.

Length of fore wing 24 mm.

Hab. Oetakwa River, Snow Mts., Dutch New Guinea, up

to 8000 feet, Oct.—Dec. 1910 (A. S. Meek) ; a small series.

Family Sphingide.

2. Panacra excellens, sp. n.

¢. Pectus brownish buff; fore legs, coxe brownish pink

washed with olive, rest pale pink ; middle legs olive, a pink

line on outside of tibize ; hind legs, coxze brownish pink,

tibie pale olive, outside whitish, tarsi brown; palpi, lower

half pale pink, upper half dark olive-green ; head dark olive-

green; antenne pink; thorax dark olive-green, a central

band black anteriorly, orange posteriorly, patagia edged out-

wardly with pink; abdomen buffish grey, dorsally first segment

olive mixed with pink hairs, rest pale brownish olive edged

with orange-yellow. Fore wing dark olive-green; a

yellowish-pink patch, broken into three at base by black

patches; a central transverse pale pink band, edged out-

wardly with orange-pink ; apical third between vein 4 and

termen pinkish silvery grey, sparsely powdered with olive

scales and with an olive wedge-like subterminai patch

between vein 7 and costa and four submarginal olive dots

above veins 4, 5, 6, and 7, and zigzag olive line near basal

end of pale area. Hind wing: basal two-thirds orange-

yellow, marginal third sooty black tinged with pale brown;

an indistinct pinkish patch near anal angle; abdominal area

broadly buffish wood-brown, suffused with pale olive. Under-

side of abdomen pale pink.

Length of fore wing 35 mm.

flab, Oetakwa River, Snow Mts., Dutch New Guinea, up

to 3000 feet, Oct.—Dec. 1910 (A. S. Meek); 1 .

On Oriental Species of Stomoxys. 23

XXIV.—A new Madagascar Arctiid.

By the Hon. WALTER RoruscuHiLp, Ph.D.

Rhodogastria saalmuelleri, sp. n.

3. Similar to bauert, but smaller, and the ground-colour

more pinkish, less yellow. Pectus whitish; legs crimson-

scarlet outside, clayish grey-white inside ; antenne chestnut ;

head and thorax pinkish ligneous buff; palpi scarlet, with

black rings; a black dot on frons, one on vertex, one on

each tegula, one at base of both patagia, three pairs on

thorax ; abdomen crimson. [Fore wing yellowish pinky

ligneous clay-colour; disc hyaline, dusted with clayish scales

on basal two-thirds; nervures and discocellular patch of

ground-colour of wing, outer edge of vitreous dise narrowly

margined with dark brown. Hind wing hyaline, clothed

with sparse clay hairs and a brownish discocellular patch.

Length of fore wing 25 mm. 7

Hab. Morondava, Madagascar; 3 3 ¢.

XXV.—WNotes from the Entomological Department of the

London School of Tropical Medicine.—No. Il. Oriental

Species of Stomoxys. By Sopura L. M. Summers, M.A.,

B.Sc.

A COLLECTION of about three hundred specimens of Stomoays

was kindly sent to the London School of Tropical Medicine

by Mr. H. C. Pratt from Kuala Lumpur.

There are five species in this collection, but only one of

them is new. ‘These flies were no doubt collected indiscrimi-

nately, so it is interesting to note the numbers of the different

species. ‘The most numerous seem to be Stomowys calcitrans,

Linné, and Stomoxys oblongopunctata, Brunetti. ‘There

are nearly one hundred of each of these. The next in

number is Stomoxys nigra, Macq.; of these there are over

forty. ‘There are about forty specimens of the new species

Stomoxys pratti, but of Stomoxys limbata, Austen, there are

only eleven specimens. ‘here are male and female in every

species.

The species of Stomowys are difficult to recognize. So

much depends on the way the light is shining on them, and

they seem to vary so much in the different lights, that it is

236 Miss S. L. M. Summers on

difficult to get a suitable basis for a table. In going over this

collection | have found that the characters most to be relied

on are :—(1) the width of the frons in relation to the width

of the head, (2) the width of the median line on the thorax,

and (3) the colour of the legs. ‘lhe abdominal markings can

be relied on to acertain extent ouly. In Stomorys calcitrans

the spots on the abdomen may vary considerably, but the

species can be easily recognized by the broad frons, the

narrow stripe on the thorax, and the black legs.

Since the determination of the species depends to a large

extent on the breadth of the front and of the median stripe

on the thorax, it is imperative to get exact measurements. I

find that I can get these measurements exactly by making a

camera lucida tracing of the head and thorax of the specimen,

using a two-inch Jens, and then measuring the drawing.

The measurements of the front in this paper are taken at the

vertex. The colouring of the face is not constant, and there-

fore cannot be used as a definite character. In some species

the colour of the tibia may vary; e. g., in Stomoays nigra I

have found four with quite brown tibiz (in the second pair

of legs). ‘These four agree with the type of St, nigra in

every other respect, and the light colour of the tibia of the

second pair of legs is not sufficient to make a new species of

these specimens. Besides, Griinberg, in his description of

Stomoxys glauca, which has since been shown to be a synonym

of Stomoxys nigra, Macq. (Austen), remarks that sometimes

the tibia are guite brown (Giiin. 1907, ‘ Die blutsaugenden

Dipteren’).

In his revision of the Oriental blood-sucking Muscidze

(Records of Ind. Mus. vol. iv. no. iv. 1910) Mr. Brunetti

gives a table of the Oriental species of Stomoays, but I find

he does not include Stomoxys nigra.

The following table is drawn up according to the characters

aforementioned :—

Table of Oriental Species of Stomoxys.

A. dhegs mainly black’ {005 .scndes awk 1,

B; Suegsimiinly brown), . i. $:.)5 «ited. 4 saa

1. Legs mainly black.

]. Front in ¢ wide, } or } width of head .. 3.

Front in ¢ narrow, $ or less width of head.

Abdomen with round spots ........ sitiens, Rond., ¢.

3. Dorsal stripe on thorax narrow (‘3-"5 mm.)

at anterior end, widening towards the

posterior end. Abdomen spotted.... 4.

Oriental Species of Stomoxys. 237

Dorsal stripe on thorax wide (‘75 mm.),

uniform in width. Abdomen banded. nigra, Macq.

RE ew a n'y aicia sd aint Raine S708 « « calcitrans, Linné.

Spots triangular, apex pointing edge of

RMRITIIM Wier, hehe alae wie tue eles ar triangularis, Brunetti. _

EE OD ae a4 oa elated stil a vee ,% oblongopunctata, Brunetti.

2. Legs mainly brown.

2. Front wide, } or } width of head ...... 5.

Front narrow, } to $ width of head .... 6.

5. Abdomen distinctly banded............ (

Abdomen blotchy. Dark species. Fore

tarsus in ¢ with first joint fringed on

the inside with a row of hairs of equal

length. (9 unknown.)............ pulla, Austen,

7. Hind border of first three abdominal seg-

ments with black band. Femora

clove-brown, hind tibize ochraceous

buff, front and middle tibiz and tarsi

mummy-brown. Width of front 3 in

g,almost § in 2. Front in ¢ con-

stricted inthe middle ............ limbata, Austen.

Dorsum of second abdominal segment en-

tirely clove-brown, deep posterior

transverse band on third segment.

Front and middle tarsi pale brown,

width of front wider than } width of

J at, SOR Re eee pusilla, Austen,

6. Front 4in ¢, more thaniin 9. Femora

dark brown, tibize and tarsi very pale

yellow. Abdomen seen from behind

at a very low level is banded........ prattt, sp. 0.

Front 4 in ¢. Interocular space very

straight. Legs testaceous; cox

black, femora brownish, anterior ones

lighter on inner side, darker on outer

side. Abdomen banded .......... indica, Pic.

Mr. Brunetti includes Stomoxys plurinotata, Bigot, Sto-

moxys dacnusa, Speis., and Stomoxys bengalensis in his table,

but I have omitted them. He gives as the differences

between St. plurinotata, Bigot, and St. calcitrans, Linné, the

fellowing :—‘‘ Thorax with 4 oblong large spots, each more

or less divided. Width of frons ( presumably) neither 4 nor 4

as sex is doubtful.” Bigot, in his description of the species,

said that sometimes these four spots appeared as four longi-

tudinal stripes. In these cases, there being no measurements

given, it could not definitely be said to differ from St. calc/-

trans, sO it is probably safer to leave it out of the table.

Stomoxys dacnusa Speis., requires, I think, a fuller descrip-

tion before it can be placed in a table. This species was

founded on a damaged female specimen. St. bengalensis,

238 Miss 8. L. M. Summers on

Pic., is probably a synonym of St. nigra, Macq.; its

description corresponds to the type of St. negra, and also with

Griinberg’s description of St. glauca (synonym of St. nigra,

Macq. (Austen)).

The flies of this genus are medium-sized. The largest

species in this collection is Stomorys nigra, which measures

775mm.; the smallest species is Stomorys limbata, measuring

a little under 5 mm.

Geographical distribution —Stomoxys calcitrans has a very

wide distribution ; it is found wherever mankind is. It is

so variable that it has been described at least twenty-one

times as a new species. Stomowys sitiens, Ron., is a doubtful

Oriental species (Brunett?) ; Rondani reported it from

Abyssinia. Stomoxys nigra has been found in Port Natal

(Macq.), Cameroons and Togo (Grinberg). Stomoaxys trian-

gularis from South India (Brunetti). Stomoxys oblongo-

punctata from Assam (Brunett). Stomoays pullais reported

trom India (Austen). Stomoxys limbata from India, Assam,

and Ceylon. Stomoxys pusilla is also from India, while

Stomoxys indica has been met with in India, Assam, and

Jeylon.

Stomoays pratti, sp. n.

g. Length almost 7 mm.; width of front narrow, 4 width

of the head. Width of median stripe on the thorax -5 mm.

Front not straight.

Rather a dark species. The front is very little wider than

the frontal stripe. The face and antenne are greyish brown.

Thorax has the usual longitudinal stripes in front of the

transverse suture, and, if viewed from behind at a low angle,

they can be traced to the middle of the thorax. They can

be seen still more distinctly if the head is turned away from

the light.

Abdomen viewed from above is dark brown ; from behind

at a low angle the last segment is grey, while the other

segments have broad posterior bands.

Legs. Vhe femora are cinnamon-brown, the tibie and tarsi

are a pale brownish yellow.

Wings are dirty brown.

9. Length 6 mm.; width of front 4 the width of the

head. Similar to the male, except that the tibie and tarsi of

the legs are a very pale yellow and the femora of the last

pair are black-brown.

This species is near St. brunnipes (an African species,

Griinberg, 1906, Zool. Anz. Bd. xxx. p. 89), but differs in

Oriental Species of Stomoxys. 239

the following points :—In the male of St. brunnipes the width

of the front is narrower than in St. pratti, being only }

width of head, while St. pratté is 4; the antenneare black,

but in St. pratti they are greyish brown. The black stripes

on the thorax converge in front of the transverse suture,

whereas in the new species they are parallel. The coxa,

trochanters, and femora are black in Stoumoxys brunnipes,

but are cinnamon-brown in Stomoxys prattt.

0 WP

Fig. 1.—Stomoays caleitrans, Linné. Head of male.

Fig. 2.—S. oblongopunctata, Brun.

Fig. 3.— S. nigra, Macq.

Fig. 4.—S. limbata, Austen.

Fig. 5.—S. prattt, sp. n.

” ”

”? ”

” 7

In the female of Stomorys brunnipes the broad black stripes

on the thorax are nearly confluent. The abdomen is a shiny

black, and when viewed from behind spots become visible

on the second and third segments; in Stomoxys pratt’ the

abdomen is dark brown and when viewed from behind is

banded. Coxe, trochanters, and femora are black, whereas

in Stomoxys pratti they are light brown, except the last pair,

which are dark brown.

It is also near Stomoxys teniatus (Bigot, 1887, Bull. Soc.

Zool. Fr.), but Stomoxys teniatus is much larger, being

73 mm. in length. ‘he front of the male of Stomozys tenia-

tus is wider than that of Stomoays prattt, and the legs are all

a uniform pale yellow.

The types have been presented to the British Museum.

240 Lt.-Col 3A wAlcoukian ge

Literature dealing with Oriental Species of Stomoxys.

Linné. 1761, Fauna Suec. ed. ii. p. 467.

MacaquarT. 1850. Dipt. Exot. Suppl. 4, p. 239.

Ronpani. 1873. Ann. Mus. Genova, vol. iv. p. 388.

Bigor. 1887. Bull. Zool. Soc. Fr. tom, xii. p. 593.

GRUNBERG. 1906. Zool. Anz. Bd. xxx. p. 88.

1907. Die blutsaugenden Dipteren, p. 157.

Pricarp. 1908. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 20.

AusTEN. 1909. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iii. p. 292.

Brunetri. 1910. Records of Ind. Mus. vol. iy. no. iv. p. 66.

My best thanks are due to Lt.-Col. Alcock, I.M.S., F.R.S.,

C.J.E., &c., and Mr. Austen, of the British Museum, for

their great help in preparing this paper.

XX VI.—Remarks on the Classification of the Culicids, with

particular reference to the Constitution of the Genus

Anopheles. By A. Aucock, C.I.E., M.B., LL.D., F.R.S.,

Lt.-Colonel I.M.S. (retired).

BeroreE the great discovery of Ross attracted attention to

mosquitoes no one questioned the propriety of grouping the

Culicide in two subfamilies—namely, (1) Corethrine, in

which the proboscis is short and soft and the veins of the

wings are clothed with ordinary hairs; and (2) Culicine, in

which the proboscis is long and stiff (and the mouth-parts in

the female are formed for piercing) and the veins of the

wings are clothed with scales.

Some recent writers, however, ignoring all the common

features that distinguish these two groups from other Nemato-

cerous Diptera, and exaggerating the importance of the

functionally different mouth-parts of the female Culicine,

have cut the Corethrine adrift, and have given the exclusive

possession of the common family title to the Culicine. Such

a proceeding seems to me to defeat the humane objects of a

zoological classification, which are to draw tight and to knit

together the morphological bonds that should unite diversely

modified relatives. ven when the most is made of the

difference between the larva of Culex and the larva of

Corethra, there still remains the fact that the larva of

Mochlonyx (whose adult is indisputably Corethrine) possesses

the structural peculiarities of the larva both of Corethra and

of Culex, besides exhibiting, in its four clypeal bristles, one of

the peculiarities of the larva of Anopheles.

mine oe

Classification of the Culicide. 241

Recent writers, again, having exalted the Culicine to the

rank of a family, have been obliged to magnify the import-

ance of the often trivial characters that distinguish its com-

ponent species, and have finished by dividing this most

homogeneous little group of insects into no less than ten

“subfamilies.” It is unfortunate that one of the most

adventurous of these separatists is Mr. Theobald, who has

otherwise done such good service by demonstrating the taxo-

nomic value of the scales that clothe the several regions of

the body in this family.

It seems pertinent to nature, and also convenient for

purposes of identification of species, to alhere to the old

grouping of the family Calicide into two subfamilies—

Corethrinzee and Culicine—and to divide the Culicine into

four sections, as follows :—

Section 1. MeEGALORHINI = Megarhinine of Theobald.

Section 2. EPIALuRGI (7r/aXo0s=ague fever, and épyov=

work), =Anopheline of Theobald.

Section 3. CuULICALES = Culicine, Heptaphlebomyina,

Dinoceratine, Aedinz, and Uranoteniine of Theobald.

Section 4, MeranororricHa = Trichoprosoponine, Den-

dromyine, and Limatine of Theobald; this group being

entirely conventional,

Section 1. MEGALORAINI.

This section includes a small number of large mosquitoes

in which the proboscis is bent downwards like a pothook and

the body is clothed everywhere with flat strongly refracting

scales. The second marginal cell of the wings is particularly

small, The length of the palpi is variable in the female.

The larva is large and has a breathing-tube. The species

are found in the Neotropical, Ethiopian, Oriental, and

Australian Regions.

Section 2. EprALurGI.

This section includes the single genus Anopheles, with

about 100 species, distributed in all the great zoogeographical

regions.

The genus Anopheles may be characterized as follows :—

Head somewhat pyramidal, its predominant scales usually

being loose-set and cuneiform or narrowly flabelliform

(“upright forked scales’ of Theobald). Palpi about as long

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 16

242 Lt.-Col. A. Alcock on the

as the proboscis in both sexes, clubbed in the male. Proboscis

of the usual form.

Scutum clothed either with hairs or with seales, which

seldom form a dense coat. Scutellum with the free edge

simply convex. Metanotum glabrous.

Abdomen clothed either with sparse hairs or with scales

and hairs, the scales (when present) being often localized

and inconspicuous, but sometimes conspicuous and fairly

abundant.

Wings as a rule, to which, however, there are nwmerous

exceptions, spotted.

In repose the body of the insect is, as a rule, inclined at an

angle with the surface of rest.

The larva has no breathing-tube and is provided with two

latero-dorsal series of fan-like tufts of scales ona varying

number of the abdominal segments.

For the sake of convenience the species that compose the

genus may be grouped in subgenera according to the following

table; but the groups, though they can be defined with

suflicient precision, grade into one another :—

Synopsis of Subgenera of Anopheles.

A. The covering of the scutum consists mainly either

of hairs or of narrow falculate scales. (In any

doubtful case the palpi are slender, % e. not

shaggy with outstanding scales.) ..........

B. The covering of the scutum consists mainly of

broadish elliptical, commonly recumbent scales = 2.

( Abdomen either without scales or with some in-

conspicuous narrow scales on the genital lobes

and terminal segment, or with a tuft of scales

on the ventral surface of the penultimate seg-

ment . Mebshets doh ais «Shai Ake ols eIafe win esos ah os

Ls Abdomen with an outstanding tuft of stiff and

slender scales of extraordinary length on either

side of every segment............ Ciataoratas ee = Christya.

Abdomen with broad and very conspicuous scales

on several segments, some of the scales some-

\. times forming regular and outstanding tufts .

( Wings either not spotted at all or having a few

dark spots formed merely by clumps of scales,

or if “variegated”? then there are not more

than two distinctly formed colour-spots on the

| anterior edge, (In ambiguous cases, e. 7. whee

{

= Arribalzagia.

a spot at the tip of the wing might be reckoned

as anterior, then the palpi are shaggy.) ...... = 4,

Wings usually much spotted in contrasted colours,

their anterior edge barred or branded with nu-

merous alternate dark and light spots or streaks.

(Inany ambiguouscase the palpi are not shaggy.)

Inconspicuous scales occasionally present on the

terminal abdominal segment and genital lobes, ,

= Myzomyia.

i — ——_it

Classification of the Culicide. ~ 243

’ No scales on the abdomen (very rarely there may

be a few scattered and inconspicuous scales on

OO ee ener ee = Anopheles.

4.4 Abdominal scales present, usually as a small out-

| standing tuft on the ventral surface of the pen-

ultimate segment, rarely as a uniform covering

to the terminal segment ...............0.06: = Myzorhynchus.

The predominant scales of the head are of the

° “upright forked” kind (cuneiform) .......... = Nyssorhynchus.

“-) The predominant scales of the head are not

cS ea veeee = Chagasia.

The species of Myzomia may be arranged in two inter-

graduating series as follows :—

a, The covering of the scutum consists mainly of

ES ea = Myzomyia.

b. The covering of the scutum consists mainly of

a = “Pyretophorus.”

The species of Nyssorhynchus may be. arranged in three

fairly distinct series as follows :-—

a. Abdominal scales present on a few of the distal

SMI Te seta cv i2"s 2 Sine. a'n) abe win 'dove oie = Nyssorhynchus.

b, Abdominal scales scattered on all the segments. . = “ Neocellia.”

ec, Abdominal scales fairly abundant on all the seg-

ments, and also in outstanding tufts which may

be either lateral or ventral....... ES aS aie = “Cellia.”

The following are not included in the foregoing synopsis

or in the sequel :—

1. Aldrichia error, Theobald.—One specimen, from India,

in the British Museum. As it stands it consists of the head,

thorax, wings, and appendages of a Myzomyta rossii, Giles,

to which the scaly dark-coloured abdomen of some other

species of mosquito has been attached.

2. Bironella gracilis, Theobald. — Described from three

males.

The subgenus Anopheles shades into Myzorhynchus through

Anopheles separatus, Leicester, Anopheles vestitipennis, Dyar

and Knab, and Anopheles grabhamii, ‘Yheobald; it also

shades into Myzomyia through Anopheles gigas, Giles, and

Anopheles welicomei, Theobald, and perhaps into Pyreto-

phorus through Anopheles atratus, Skuse.

The subgenus Christya is essentially similar to Myso-

rhynchus,

1G*

244 Lt.-Col. A. Alcock on the

The subgenus Arribalzagia is also essentially similar to

Myzorhynchus, and shades into Anopheles through Anopheles

grabhami, Theobald, anl Anopheles vestitipennis, Dyar and

KKnab,

The two series which constitute the subgenus Myzomyia

show the transition from such forms as Anopheles gigas,

Giles, and Anopheles wellcomet, Theobald, to Nyssorhynchus.

The species known as “ Pyretophorus”’ costalis is about as

nearly intermediate between Myzomya and Nyssorhynchus,

in all respects, as can be imagined; and the significance of

its position is enhanced by the fact that it is a variable

species, some individuals leaning more towards M/y:omyia,

and others more towards Nyssorhynchus.

All these considerations justify the conclusion that the

so-called “ genera”’ of the proposed “ subfamily”? Anophelinze

cannot be separately focussed as distinct generic conceptions,

but must all be merged in one generalization.

a. Subgenus ANOPHBLES, Meigen.

(Including Anopheles and Stethomyia and Cyclolepidopteron grabhamii of

Theobald’s Monograph, and Neostethopheles and Patagiamyza of James.)

There may be some narrow scales on the pronotum and

front of the scutum (or even, in one species, in the field of

the scutum), but the vestiture of the scutum consists mainly

of hairs, which are sparse. ‘There may, very rarely indeed,

be a few narrow and inconspicuous scales on the genital

lobes, but the vestiture of the abdomen also consists of sparse

hairs. ‘lhe wings are either unspotted or have a few dark

spots formed by clumps of scales, or they may have a few

colour spots, in which case not more than two of these—

distinctly formed—are present on the anterior costal edge.

The wing-scales are usually, but not always, long and narrow.

‘The palpi are usually slender.

The subgenus is ‘represented in all the great zoogeogra-

phical regions, though it only just enters the Ethiopian

region.

b. Subgenus Myzoruyncuus, Blanchard.

(Including Myzorhynchus and Lophoscelomyia of Theobald’s Monograph.)

There are no true scales in the field of the scutum, though

there may be some on its front edge and on the pronotum.

Abdominal scales are restricted to a single outstanding tuft

on the ventral surface of the penultimate segment, except in

Classification of the Culicide. 245

one species (=! Lophoscelomyia”), in which the terminal

segment and genital lobes are covered with narrow scales.

Wings very dark, though not without spots; their front edge

never has more than two spots (exclusive of a spot which

may be present in the fringe at the tip of the wing), which

are usually small. Wing-scales usually rather broadly

elliptical. Palpi always shaggy with scales.

One species is Paleearctic and one is Australian; the others

are Oriental and Ethiopian.

e. Subgenus Curistya, Theobald.

Differs from Myzorhynchus chiefly in having an outstanding

wisp of stiff, slender, extremely long scales on either side of

every segment of the abdomen, In addition to these peculiar

lateral scales there are some ordinary narrow scales on the

genital lobes and last segment of the abdomen.

One species, found in Kastern Africa,

d. Subgenus ArRIBALzAGIA, Theobald.

(Including Arribalzagia, Manguinhosia, Kerteszia, and part of

Cyclolepidopteron of Theobald’s Monograph.)

There may be some narrow scales on the pronotum and

front of the scutum, but the vestiture of the scutum consists

mainly of hairs. Conspicuous broad scales are present

(scattered) on some or all of the segments of the abdomen,

and often stand out as prominent tufts or broken bands. The

wings, though spotted, have a dark cast, owing to predomi-

nance of blackish scales, and in several of the species there

are large black spots on the front edge, the colour of which,

though mainly due to broad scales, is partly due to staining

of the wing-membrane itself. Wing-scales broad, Palpi

shaggy with scales.

Restricted to the Neotropical region.

e. Subgenus Myzomyza, Blanchard.

(Including Myzomyia, Feltinella, Neomyzomyia, and Pyretophorus of

Theobald’s Monograph, and Nyssomyzomyia of James. )

There may be some distinct scales on the pronotum and

adjacent part of the scutum, but the main vestiture of the

scutum consists of hairs or of narrow scales. There may be

a few narrow scales on the genital lobes, or even—few,

scattered, and inconspicuous—on the terminal segment of the

abdomen, but the main vestiture of the abdomen consists of

hairs. ‘The wings are almost always profusely spotted, and

216 Lt. Col. A. Alcock on the

the anterior costa is barred with numerous alternate dark and

iight spots or streaks. Wing-scales almost always narrow.

Palpi usually slender.

Chiefly Ethiopian and Oriental, but also represented in

the Paleearctic and perhaps in the Neotropical regions.

a. In the ordinary Myzomyia series the vestiture of the

scutum consists mainly of hairs or hair-like scales.

b. In the “Pyretophorus”’ series the vestiture of the scutum

consists mainly of narrow falculate scales.

f. Subgenus Nyssornuyncuts, Blanchard.

(Including Nyssorhynchus, Neocellia, and Cellia of Theobald’s Monograph,

Calvertina of Ludlow, and Christophersia of James.)

The scutum is fairly well covered with short, more or less

recumbent, elliptical scales of considerable breadth, which

caunot be confused with hairs. Narrow scales are also

almost always present on more or less of the abdomen. ‘The

wings, though they have a dark cast, are much speckled, and

there are always numerous spots on the costa. Wing-scales

rather broad. Palpi shaggy. It is very common ‘for the

legs to be profusely speckled or finely barred with white, and

for some of the tarsal segments of the hind legs to be white.

Ethiopian, Oriental, Australian, and Neotropical ; one

species enters the confines of the Palearctic region.

a. In the ordinary Nyssorhynchus series there are no scales

on the anterior abdominal segments and no outstanding tufts

of scales.

In the “ Neocellia”’ series there are scales on the dorsal

surface of all the abdominal segments (though they are

often very sparse on the anterior segments) and no out-

standing tufts of scales.

c. In the “ Celia” series all the abdominal segments are

fairly well clothed with scales, and in addition there are

outstanding tufts of scales, which may be either lateral or

ventral.

g. Subgenus Cuageasta, Cruz.

(Including Chagasia, Cruz, and Myzorhynchella, Theobald.)

The scutum is covered with distinct more or less reeumbent

scales of considerable breadth. The vestiture of the abdomen

consists of hairs, but there may be some narrow and incon-

spicuous scales on the genital lobes. The wings have a dark

cast, though they may be spotted; the wing-scales are of

considerable breadth. ~ ‘The palpi are shaggy with scales and

Classification of the Culicide. 247

the legs are either profusely barred or have some of the

tarsal segments white. Some of the antennal segments may

have more or less conspicuous whorls of seales. On the

head broad, somewhat procumbent scales, which are not

forked,’ predominate, and it is chiefly this character that

separates the subgenus from Nyssorhynchus.

Restricted to the Neotropical region.

Section 3. CULICALES.

The species of this section are distinguished from Epialurgi

by having the posterior edge of the scutellum trilobed, from

Megalorhini by not having the proboscis bent like a pothook,

and from Metanototricha by not having any scales or bristles

on the metanotum.

The scaly covering of the head shows much diversity.

The scutum, scutellum, and abdomen are always thickly

covered with scales. The relative length of the palpi is very

variable ; all gradations can be found, in both sexes, between

alpi which are long and palpi which are short.

‘The wings in the majority of species are not spotted; but

there are numerous species in which they are speckled, not a

few in which they are mottled, and there are some in which

they are spotted like those of some of the species of Ano-

pheles (subgenus) or beautifully dappled like those of a

Myzomyia or Nyssorhynchus.

The larva has a breathing-tube of varying length.

Some recent systematists have broken the Cudlica/es in

pieces like a potter’s vessel, and have multiplied genera by

methods which resemble those of Procrustes. Taking these

proposed genera as they stand, they can be segregated into

seven groups, principally according to the characters of the

scales of the head, scutellum, and wings—characters the

import of which Mr. ‘lheobald was the first to notice.

a. Genera of the Culex type.—Three kinds of scales are

found on the head, namely loose-set, falculate, and cuneiform

scales on the crown and flat overlapping squames on the

cheeks. The scales of the scutellum are usually falculate,

but squames may be present or may even predominate. The

wing-seales are usually long and narrow, but may be ellip-

tical or narrowly spathulate. Ina few species the wings

are spotted by clumps of scales or are even spotted in con-

trasted colours. ‘The palpi of the female are very short,

those of the male are almost always longer than the proboscis.

248 Lt.-Col. A. Alcock on the

The genus Heptaphlebomyia, Theobald, which has been

proposed as the representative of a distinct subfamily, seems

to me to be merely a Culex with a few inconstant scales on

the so-called seventh longitudinal vein—a vein that exists in

many species of mosquitoes.

The genus Déinocerttes, Theobald, which has also been

proposed as a representative of a distinct subfamily, also

seems 10 me to be a slightly modified Culex. The antenne

are of extraordinary length in both sexes, and the insect is

said to have the habit of breeding in the brackish water that

collects in the burrows of crabs. This habit may possibly

explain the length of the antennz, which, like the elongated

antennie of certain insects that inhabit dark caves, and the

exceedingly long streamers of certain fishes that live in the

sunless depths ‘of the ocean, may be an adaptation to con-

ditions where eyesight is of no avail. That Dinocerites also

has well-developed eyes does not invalidate this suggestion,

since the insect is not said to spend the whole of its existence

in dark crab-burrows.

b. Genera of the Stegomyia type—Though some loose

cuneiform scales are usually to be fonnd on the nape, and

though a few localized falculate scales may exist on the head

and scutellum, the predominant—sometimes the only—scales

of both these regions are flat overlapping squames that

impart a very smooth appearance. ‘lhe wings are never

spotted, and their scales are slender and stiff-looking. The

palpi, as a rule, are long in the male and quite short in the

female, but they may be decidedly shorter than the proboscis

in the male (e. g. in Hylecewtomyia), or as much as two-thirds

the length of the proboscis in the female (e. 9. in Lrevi-

rhynchus and in a species of Letcesteria), or quite short in

both sexes (e. g. in Harpagomyia).

Genera of the Aedes type—Though there may be some

tose cuneiform and falculate scales on the head, the

predominant scales are flat overlapping squames, as in

Stegomyta, ‘The scales of the scutellum are entirely falculate.

The palpi may be quite short in both sexes (e. g. in Aedes),

or short in the female and about two-thirds the length of the

proboscis in the male (e.g. in Afimomyia), or short in the

female and as long as the proboscis in the male (e.g. in

Pseudoskusea).

d. Genera of the Uranotenia type—The predominant—

sometimes the only—scales of the head and scutellum are

Classification of the Culicide. 249

flat overlapping squames. The scales of the scutum are

often broadly elliptical. As a rule some of the wing-scales

are broad triangular plates. ‘The second marginal cell of the

wing is very small. Palpi very short in both sexes. Small

or minute insects, commonly with beautiful blue markings.

e. Genera of the Psorophora type.— The predominant

scales of head, scutum, and scutellum are elliptical squames,

which may be either flat or curved and are. often rather

distant. In those forms where both sexes are known the

palpi are short in the female and long in the male.

f. Genera of the Mucidus type.—The head is shaggy with

upstanding scales of several kinds, among which either coarse

faleate scales or broad cuneiform or flabelliform scales are

conspicuous. The wings are speckled or mottled, or they

may be spotted—in field, costa, and fringe—like those of a

Nyssorhynchus. The legs also are, as a rule, much banded

or brindled. ‘The wing-scales are either. broadly foliaceous

or broadly subtriangular. The palpi may be quite short in

both sexes, or nearly as long as the proboscis in both sexes,

or long in the male and short in the female. The mos-

quitoes of this group seem to link the Culicales with the

Lpialurgi. The following forms helong to this group :—

Mucidus, Theobald (= Lepidoplatys, Coquillett) ; Mansonia,

Blanchard (= Pneumaculex, Dyar); Mansonioides, Theobald;

Etorilepidomyia, Theobald; Orthopodomyia, Theobald ; New-

steadina, Theobald; Aedimyza, Theobald; Finlaya, Theobald.

g. Annectant forms between Culex and Stegomyia—in

which the squames of the cheeks, which in Culex are not

visible in a dorsal view, extend more or less on to the crown

of the head, and do not lie flat as in Séegomyta, though they

overlap, and in which the scales of the scutellum are either

exclusively falculate as in Culex or are combined with over-

lapping squames. Acartomyia, heobald, may be taken asa

standard, and all the seven “ genera’’—each of which rests

on a single species—that can be collected into this group

might be united.

Section 4. METANOTOTRICHA.

The species included in this small section resemble

Culicales, particularly those of the Stegomyia and Aedes

groups, but are distinguished by having a few inconspicuous

bristles or scales (or both bristles and scales) on the meta-

notum, :

250 Mr. O. Thomas on

The head and scutellum, and usually the scutum also, are

covered with flat squames, which are often refulgent or

iridescent. The palpi may be short in both sexes or short in »

the female only.

The species are most abundant in the Neotropical region,

but also occur in the Ethiopian and Oriental regions and in

the outskirts of the Australian region.

In conclusion, I have to thank Messrs. Austen and

Edwards, of the British Museum staff, for the liberty they

have given me to examine the collections in their charge and

for the many ways in which they have obliged me when I

required assistance.

XXVII.—New Rodents from S. America.

By Ouprie_tp THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

(Ecomys superans, sp. n.

A very large species with grey belly.

Size considerably larger than in any hitherto described

(comys.

Fur soft and woolly, but not very long; hairs of back

about 8-9 mm. in length. Ground-colour above greyish

rufous, the hairs dark greyish with russet tips; flanks clearer

russet. Under surface pale grey (grey no. 3), the hairs

slaty basally, whitish terminally. Ears rather short, brown.

Hands with a narrow darker line down the metacarpus, sides

and digits whitish. Feet broad, pale brown above; fifth

hind toe reaching to the end of the first phalanx of the

fourth ; scutellation of upper surface of feet unusually dis-

tinct, the skin of both metatarsus and digits spotted with

brown. Tail long, slender, finely scaled (15 rings to the

em.), thinly haired ; brown above and below, or indistinctly

mottled with whitish.

Skull with the large brain-case and shortened anterior

zygomatic plate characteristic of G’comys. Upper outline

bowed. Ridges not heavily developed and not showing any

indication of postorbital projections. Palatal foramina

fairly large and open. Parapterygoid fosse rather broad.

Molars large and heavy, the anterior end of the series

slightly curved outwards.

new Rodents from S, America. 251

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 150 mm.; tail 199; hind foot 31;

ear 17.

Skull: greatest length 37°3 ; condylo-incisive length 33°7 ;

greatest breadth 18°7 ; nasals 13-8; interorbital breadth 6:2 ;

breadth of brain-case 15; palatilar length 16; palatal

foramina 6°3 x 3:2 ; upper molar series 6:2.

Hab. Canelos, Rio Bobonaza, Oriente of Ecuador, Alt.

2100’.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 11. 7.19.12. Original

number 169. Collected 28th April, 1910, by M. G. Palmer.

This species has not the general appearance of the more

typical members of Gcomys, but its broad feet with long

fifth toe, large brain-case, and the reduction of its anterior

zygomatic plate all indicate that it belongs to that group

rather than to Oryzomys. In size, as judged by length of

skull, it considerably exceeds any species as yet described.

(Eeomys palmer, sp. n.

Like @. superans, but smaller and darker-coloured.

Size about as in the other large species of the genus,

decidedly smaller than in G2. superans. Colour darker than

in that animal, the upper surface sepia-brown, with only

slight indications of buffy along the flanks. Under surface

grey no. 9, the hairs slaty for their basal, whitish for their

terminal halves. Hands and feet pale brown, the scutel-

lations, as in GY, superans, more conspicuous than in most

species. ‘l'ail of medium length, thinly haired, very finely

scaled (rings 19-20 to the c.m.), paler brown, indistinctly

mottled with whitish.

Skull less bowed than in superans ; ridges proportionally

more developed ; palatal foramina and parapterygoid fosse

narrower. Molars smaller, narrower, tlie series quite parallel,

not curved out anteriorly.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 131 mm.; tail 156; hind foot 30;

ear 15.

Skull: greatest length 33:4; condylo-incisive length 30°3 ;

greatest breadth 17; nasals 11°1; interorbital breadth 6;

breadth of brain-case 14; palatilar length 15; palatal fora-

mina 6°2 X 2°4; upper molar series 5°6.

Hab. Canelos, Oriente of Ecuador. Alt. 2100’.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 11. 7.19.13. Original

number170A. Collected 28th April, 1910, by M. G. Palmer.

This species agrees in general characters with G2. superans,

252 Mr. O. Thomas on

but its skull and teeth are so much smaller that it cannot be

the same species.

Proechimys theringi, sp. n.

Allied to P. albispinus, Geoff.

Size rather larger than in P. albispinus. Coat intermixed

with spines throughout, quite to the base of the tail; spines

of -back about 20-22 mm. in length by 4 mm. broad, pale

greyish basally, with black tips, a certain number on the

rump and flanks, as in albispinus, wholly white. General

colour more rufous brown than in a/bispinus, but the type

has been skinned out of spirit and may be somewhat dis-

coloured. Under surface wholly white. Hands and feet

white. ‘Tail brown above, strongly contrasted white below.

Skull decidedly longer than that of albispinus. Muzzle

and frontal region convex mesially instead of flat. Supra-

orbital ridges little developed, very much less than in albi-

spinus, and not extending on to the parietals, Zygomata

broad vertically, the ridge crossing their outer surface almost

obsolete. Palatal foramina short, as in albispinus, their

posterior lips less developed. Posterior palatal edge at level

of middle of m?. Hamular processes of medium breadth.

Bullee small and low.

Dimensions of the type (measured on a spirit-specimen

before skinning) :—

Head and body 200 mm.; tail 183; hind foot 45;

ear 24.

Skull: greatest length 53; condylo-incisive length 43;

zygomatic breadth 27; nasals 20; interorbital breadth 12:3 ;

palatilar length 18; palatal foramina 3°8; upper tooth-

series 9,

Hab. Island of Sao Sebastiao, off SAo0 Paulo, Brazil.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 2.8.25.5. Presented by

the Sao Paulo Museum through Dr. Hermann Ihering. Two

specimens.

I had long supposed these specimens to be albispinus,

described from Bahia, but a study of a series of that animal

obtained by Mr. A. Robert at Lamarao, in that State, shows

that the Sao Sebastiao form is readily distinguishable by the

cranial characters above detailed.

I have named this distinct species in honour of the sender

of the specimens, Dr. H. von Ihering, Director of the

Sao Paulo Museum, to whom science is indebted for much

valuable work on the zoology of Brazil, and to whom also

the British Museum owes many interesting specimens,

new Rodents from S. America. 253

Particular attention may be directed to his recent admirable

papers on the Carnivora of 8S. Brazil *.

Proechimys gularis, sp. n.

A dark-coloured species with a brown throat. No

parietal ridges.

Size fairly large. Coat not excessively spinous, the

spines practically restricted to the middle of the back, and

in themselves both flexible and narrow, rarely exceeding

half a millimetre in breadth ; their tips continued into a fine

bristle-hair. General colour above dark rufous brown (paler

than “ burnt umber,”’ darker than “ cinnamon-rufous ”’), the

dorsal area blackened by the dark tips to the spines. Under

surface white or whitish mesially, not sharply defined, but

more or less mixed laterally with brownish (pale mars-

brown); interramia and throat wholly brownish or buffy,

the hairs either wholly pale brown, or brown with buffy tips.

Hands and feet dark brown. ‘Tail of medium hairiness,

brown above, slightly lighter below.

Skull with long muzzle. Nasals reaching back about

3 mm. past the premaxillary processes, and reaching thie

level of the front of the orbits. Supraorbital ridges not

excessively developed, and not, or very indistinctly, extending

backwards across the parietals, in this respect markedly

differing from the condition in P. semispinosus. Palatal

foramina of medium length, not widely expanded, their

posterior third with well-marked inturned lip. Posterior

palatal edge sharply angular, its point opposite the front

of m*, Hamular processes spatulate, about 2 mm. in breadth.

Bulle rather small and low.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 247 mm.; tail (estimated from other

specimens) (c.) 160; hind foot (s. u.) 45; ear 21.

Skull: greatest length 61 ; condylo-incisive length 49°5 ;

greatest breadth 28°5; nasals 23; interorbital breadth 13°3;

palatilar length 21; palatal foramina 6°8; upper molar

series (much worn) 9°4.

Hab. Canelos, Rio Bobonaza, Oriente of Ecuador. Alt,

2100’.

Type. Old male. B.M.no.11. 7.19.15. Original number

182. Collected 22nd May, 1910, by Mervyn G. Palmer.

Four specimens examined.

This well-marked species may be distinguished from all

ae Mus. Paulista, viii. p. 148 (1910); Arch. f, Nat. 1910, i.

p- 118.

254 Mr. O. Thomas on

others by its dark-coloured throat, the whitish belly colour

usually running right up to the chin. Its nearest ally is

probably P. brevicauda, Giinth., with which it agrees in the

suppression of the parietal ridges, but that animal has a

buffy underside, nearly uniform from chin to anus, and its

palatal foramina are shorter and have less developed

posterior lips.

Proechimys semispinosus calidior, subsp. n.

A rufous lowland representative of true sem/spinosus.

Essential characters of true semispinosus, 'Tomes*, but

the general colour dark rich rufous (nearest to ‘‘ cinnamon-

rufous”), heavily blackened on the dorsal area. Sides clearer

cinnamon-rufous, varying in some specimens towards buffy.

Under surface and inner side of limbs pure, sharply defined

white. Hands and feet brown. Tail well haired, black

above, whitish below.

Skull quite as in true semispinosus.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 249 mm.; tail 168; hind foot 48;

ear 26.

Skull: greatest length 58 ; condylo-incisive length 49 ;

greatest breadth 28°5; nasals 22; interorbital breadth 13°6 ;

palatilar length 20; palatal foramina 4°6; upper molar

series 9.

Hab. San Javier, Lower Cachavi R., N.W. Ecuador.

Alt. 60’.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 1. 3.19.30. Original

number 10. Collected 6th May, 1900, by Messrs. Flemming

and Miketta. Hight specimens.

On Specimens referred to Kerodon boliviensis, Waterh.

Putting aside the Argentine Cavies representing Kerodon

leucoblepharus, Burm. (with range from Salta to Mendoza),

the Bolivian and Peruvian specimens hitherto referred to

Waterhouse’s K. boliviensis appear to belong to three species,

distinguishable largely by the sizes of their bull.

But the matter is complicated by the fact that among the

original series of boliviensis received by the Museum from

Mr. Bridges, more than one of these species appears to be

represented, while in hardly any of them have the bulle

been preserved. Fortunately in one specimen a perfect bulla

remains, and this example—no. 45. 11.18. 22, skull 518 a—

* Type now in the Museum collection, no, 7. 1. 1, 173.

new Rodents from S. America. 255

may be chosen as a “ lectotype” to typify Waterhouse’s

species. K,. boliviensis was said to have come from the

“high tableland between Cochabamba and La _ Paz.”

Specimens which I now refer to the same animal were

collected by Mr. P. O. Simons at Paratani, close to Cocha-

bamba, and at other localities southwards to Sucre and Potosi.

Externally the species is greyish with a slight yellowish

suffusion, its belly being prominently whitish or creamy.

Secondly, we have a form from Sajama, greyish above,

with scarcely any yellowish suffusion; the belly also grey,

not conspicuously lighter than the upper surface. In this

animal the bull are slightly larger than in true boliviensis,

though the difference is not very great.

The skull of this Cavy agrees nearly with that figured by

Meyen as “ Galea musteloides” *, whose type locality is the

pass leading from Tacna to Lake Titicaca, and by no means

tar from Sajama. The name Kerodon musteloides may

therefore be accepted for the Sajama species.

Thirdly, on the shores of Lake Titicaca there is a species

which may be described as follows :—

Kerodon auceps, sp. n.

General colour more yellowish than in the other forms,

the upper surface mixed black and buffy. Hairs of back

pale slaty, with a “cream-buff”’ subterminal ring and black

tip. Under surface pale buffy or creamy, lighter than in

musteloides, not so white as in boliviensis; the bases of the

hairs pale slaty or “‘drab-grey.”’ Ears longer than in the

other allied species. Orbital rings dull buffy, the black eye-

lashes very thick and strong.

Skull broader and with more widely expanded zygomata

than in boliviensts and musteloides; upper outline more

bowed; bulla much larger in every dimension. Meso-

pterygoid fossa fairly wide, its anterior border squarish or

broadly rounded.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 225 mm; hind foot 38; ear 25 fF.

Skull: greatest length 54°65; condylo-incisive length 50 ;

zygomatic breadth 33°5; nasals 20°6x 83; interorbital

breadth 11:7; palatilar length 25; greatest horizontal

diameter of bullze 15:3 ; upper molar series (crowns) 15:2.

Hab. Lake Titicaca. ‘Type from Guarina (alt. 4000 m.),

* Nova Acta Ac. Nat. Cur. xvi. pt. ii. p. 597, pl. xlii. figs. 4-7 (1833).

+ 21-22 in specimens of doliviensis measured by the same collector.

256 On anew Millipede from Bengal.

near the south-east, the Bolivian, end of the lake. Others

from Achacoche in the same neighbourhood (Simons, 1900),

Desaguadero River (Pentland, 1850), and Puno, at the

western, Peruvian, end of the lake (Kalinowski, 1895).

Type. Adult female. B.M. no.1.1.1.91. Original

number 1180. Collected 15th August, 1900, by Perry O

Simons. Presented by Oldfield Thomas. Ten specimens

examined,

XXVII.—A new Termitophilous Millipede from Bengal.

By 8S. Hirst

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In an appendix to Prof. Escherich’s interesting work on the

natural history of the white ants of Ceylon * Prof. F. Silvestri

describes a new genus of millipedes, Termitodesmus (forming

a new subfamily (Termitodesminez) of the order Limaco-

morpha), with two new species, 7’. ceylonicus and T. escherichi,

both of which were found in nests of Termes obscuriceps,

Wasm.

The present short note deals with a third species of this

genus, discovered by Mr. H. Maxwell-Lefroy in the mounds

of Termes obesus, Rawb., at Cuttack, Bengal. My best

thanks are due to Mr. Maxwell- Lefroy for his kindness in

allowing me to examine and describe this new millipede.

Termitodesmus lefroyi, sp. 0.

Cream-coloured. Body eliiptical-oval in shape and rather

strongly convex dorsally; it is less than twice as long as

* ‘Termitenleben aus Ceylon,’ by Prof. K. Escherich (Jena: Gustay

Fischer, 1911).

On new West-African Rodents, 257

wide, the width equalling the united length (of the uncovered

parts) of tergites 1-11. Posterior angle of the lateral mar-

gins of the tergites slightly produced; the uncovered part of

them furnished with very numerous minute scales, which are

circular in shape and are not in contact with one another ;

the greater part of the last tergite is concealed by the pen-

ultimate one. Outer part of the posterior edge of the pleural

plates fringed with hair. Antenne consisting of eight seg-

ments, all of which are very short, the distal one being very

minute.

Length of body 4°25, its width 3 mm.

Remarks. his species can easily be distinguished from the

two species already described by the shape of the body and

of the scales of the uncovered part of the tergites.

XXIX.—New West-African Rodents.

By Guy DoLLMAN.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Anomalurus imperator, sp. n.

Related to Anomalurus fraser?, Waterh.; in general

appearance rather similar to A. frasert nigrensis, Thos., but

without the dark ocular and occipital markings, and with

shoulders and flanks strongly tinged with buff.

Size and general proportions as in fraser’. General

colour of back olive-brown washed with buff, the buff tint

most evident on the flanks, hind-quarters, and shoulders, in

the latter region appearing as bright orange-buff-coloured

areas. Ilairs of back with slate-black bases and buffy sub-

terminal rings; extreme tips brownish. Head and face

ashy grey, tle grey colour washed with buff on the posterior

part of head. No dark markings on sides of face or around

eyes. Dark hairs at base of ears brownish black, forming

prominent tufts at insertion of ears, but not spreading on to

the head as dark occipital. markings such as occur in A, /.

nigrensis. Sides of face ashy grey ; hairs with greyish-

white bases, darkening to pale brownish towards the tips,

extreme tips yellowish white. Light buff-coloured areas on

sides of neck, beneath ears, ill-defined, not nearly so pro-

minent as in nzgrensts. Backs of hands and feet dark

brownish speckled with grey; claws clothed with long stiff

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 17

258 On new West-African Rodents.

black hairs, those on the hind feet entirely covering the

claws. Under surface of body white, faintly tinted with

buff; hairs of belly white throughout. Hairs on throat pale

grey tipped with buff. Chin ashy grey. Hairs on under-

side of interfemoral membrane dark brownish, strikingly

different from the white hairs of nigrensis. Tail like that of

nigrensis, basal half brownish speckled with buff, apical

region brownish black. Caudal scales as in fraseri and

allied forms.

The skull of the type is unfortunately badly injured in the

nasal and maxillary regions. Cheek-teeth large and massive.

Auditory bulle exceptionally large and inflated.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 330 mm.; tail 244; hind foot 60 ;

ear 35.

Skull: zygomatic breadth 42; occipital breadth 25 ;

interorbital breadth (anterior) 19; interorbital breadth

(posterior) 16; postpalatal length 23°5 ; greatest diameter

of auditory bulla 14; length of upper cheek-teeth 13.

Hab. Bibianaha, 60 miles west of Kumasi, Gold Coast.

Altitude 700 feet.

Type. Old female. B.M. no. 11. 6.2.8. Original number

80. - Collected. on March 7th; 1911, by Dr. H. Gok

Spurrell.

This handsome species is readily distinguished from the

allied members of the genus by the entire absence of the

black ocular and occipital markings. In addition, the bright

buff-coloured tint on the back and shoulders renders this

Anomalurus quite distinct from all the other members of the

frasert group.

Dr. Spurrell is to be congratulated on the discovery of

this fine new species, the type of which he has presented,

together with a number of other rare and interesting West-

African mammals, to the British Museum.

Cricetomys gambianus olivie, subsp. n.

A pale-coloured form, closely related to C.g. dichrurus,

Ose.

In size and general proportions rather larger than

dichrurus. General colour of upper surface pale butfy grey,

very much paler and lighter in colour than in the southern

race. Flanks rather paler than back, gradually fading into

the light ereyish white of the ventral surface. Hairs of back

with pale grey bases, the colour darkening towards the

terminal halves; tips buff-coloured or brownish. Inter-

spersed are a number of long, rather harsh, black hairs,

A new Spiny Mouse frsm Somaliland. 259

pny :

evenly distributed over the whole dorsal surface. Backs of

hands and feet brownish; toes clothed with whitish hairs.

Ventral surface of body dirty white. Tail with terminal

half white, in this respect agreeing with C. g. dichrurus.

Skull like that of déchrurus but rather larger. Posterior

emargination of palate well marked. Auditory bulla fairly

large.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 330 mm.; tail 373; hind foot 65;

ear 40.

Skull: greatest length 67; basilar length 55 ; condylo-

incisive length 63; zygomatic breadth 33°5; occipital

breadth 25; length of nasals 26; palatilar length 33-4;

length of palatal foramina 5°5; alveolar length of upper

molar series.

Hab. Fika, Bornu, Northern Nigeria. Altitude 1100 feet.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 11.5.12.9. Original

number 35. Collected by P. A. Talbot, Hsq.,on March ard,

1921.

Three specimens of this new Cricetomys were collected by

Mr. Talbot, and, together with several other mammals, pre-

sented by him to the British Museum. The collection was

obtained during the journey which Mr. Talbot recently made

across Nigeria, in company with Miss Olive MacLeod, and

it is after Miss MacLeod that the novelty of the collection is

named,

XXX.—A new Spiny Mouse from Somaliland.

By Guy DoLLMAN.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Acomys brockmant, sp. n.

Allied to Acomys mullah, Thos., but very much paler in

colour and rather smaller in size.

Size and proportions rather less than in A. mudlah.

General colour of back pale yellowish brown, washed with a

light rufous tint, the general effect about as represented in

snuff-brown no. 1 washed with yellowish salmon no. 1

(‘Répertoire de Couleurs’). Middle of back, in posterior

region, slightly darker than rest of dorsal surface, due to the

brown tips of the spines being rather richer in colour, but

not approaching the dark brownish coloration met with in

A. mullah. Face, head, and shoulders paler and less rufous

260 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on

than back, Flanks pale reddish buff (yellowish salmon no. 1,

‘ Répertoire de Couleurs’), the general effect much paler and

purer in colour than in mullah. Spines on flanks with white

bases and pale reddish tips, no suggestion of the brownish

tips such as occur in mullah. Sides of face and neck white,

washed with pale brownish buff. Backs of hands and feet

pure white. Ventral surface of body white. Tail similar to

that of A. mullah, but lighter on the dorsal surface.

Skull smaller than in A. mullah; nasals and palatal

foramina markedly shorter, cheek-teeth rather smaller.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 105 mm.; tail 105; hind foot 17;

ear 18.

Skull: greatest length 30; basilar length 23; condylo-

incisive length 26°6; zygomatic breadth 144; interorbital

constriction 5; breadth of brain-case (across squamosal

region) 12°6; greatest length of nasals 11:5; length of

palatal foramina 7; width across palate (inside m') 3;

length of upper molar series 4°5.

Hab. Bulhar, Somaliland. Altitude, coast.

Type. Adult male. Original number 349. Collected on

December 23rd, 1910, by Dr. R. E. Drake-Brockman and

presented by him to the British Museum.

‘The exceedingly pale colour of the dorsal surface of this

new form at once distinguishes it from the allied species

A, mullah, while the cranial differences, noted above,

necessitate the two forms being considered specifically

distinct. It is interesting to note that this new species

appears to occur only on the coast, whereas A. mullah is

confined to the interior, the type locality being Harrar.

In addition to the type, Dr. Drake-Brockman collected

six further specimens of this Acomys at Bulhar, all agreeing

in the pale coloration of the dorsal surface. It gives me

great pleasure to name this new species after Dr. Drake-

Brockman, who has already done so much to enlighten

zoological science on the mammalian fauna of Somaliland

and Abyssinia.

XXXI.—Deseriptions of new African Cyprinodont Fishes.

By G. A. BouLen@er, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

A REVISION | have recently made of the African Cyprinodonts

has resulted in the establishment of several new species, some

new African Cyprinodont Fishes. 261

of which are based on specimens which have been brought

over alive for exhibition in aquariums, or which are of interest

as destroyers of mosquito-larve ; it is therefore desirable to

publish descriptions of them in anticipation of the forth-

coming third volume of the British Museum Catalogue of

Fresh-water Fishes, in which all the known species will be

described and most of them figured.

I seize this opportunity to point out that the scales of

the Cyprinodont described by me as Haplochilus tangani-

canus are ctenoid; this character and others justify the

establishment of a new genus, for which Mohanga, one of the

native names of the fish, is proposed. Mohanga tanganicana

further differs from all other African Cyprinodonts in having

the conical unequal-sized teeth forming a band which is

exposed when the mouth is closed, as in the Atherinid genus

Rhomdatractus, and a larger anal fin with 28 to 30 rays.

Fundulus gardnert.

Depth or body 4 times in total len: gth, length of head 34 to

54 times. Head flat above; snout slio:t and broad, as lone

as eye ; mouth directed upwards; lower jaw projecting ; eye

4 times in length of head, twice in interorbital width ; space

between eye and lip about $ diameter of former. Dorsal 13,

originating at equal distance from head and from base of

caudal; longest (posterior) rays 2 to once length of head.

Anal 15-16, originating slightly in advance of dorsal. Pec-

toral 2 length of head, just reaching base of ventral, which is

small and midway between end of snout and base of caudal.

Caudal rounded, with one of the upper and one of the lower

rays produced (males). Caudal peduncle a little longer than

deep. 28-31 scales in longitudinal series, 22-24 round body

in front of ventrals; lateral line entirely absent, or indicated

by a few pits. Olive above, white below ; sides of head and

body, chin, and fins with crimson spots; upper edge of

dorsal and upper and lower edge of caudal white.

Total length 60 mm.

Head-waters of Cross en Calabar. Three specimens

from Okwoga, lat. 7° N., long. 7° 45’ E., were Peesenied by

Mr. R. D. Gard’ner.

Fundulus batesii.

Depth of body 43 times in total length, length of head 34

times. Head flat “above 3 snout short and “broad, as long

as eye ; mouth directed upwards ; lower jaw projecting ; ; eye

33 times in length of head, 13 times in interorbital width,

262 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on

Dorsal 14-15, originating midway between eye and root of

caudal, longest (posterior) rays $ to ? length of head; space

between eye and lip very narrow, the latter forming an angle

fitting into a notch close to the former. Anal 14-15, exactly

opposite to dorsal. Pectoral 2 length of head, not quite

reaching base of ventral, which is small and midway between

end of snout and base of caudal. Caudal acuminate, bifurcate

in the middle in males. Caudal peduncle 13 times as long

as deep. 33-35 scales in longitudinal series, 24-26 round

body in front of ventrals ; lateral line indicated by a series

of pits. Males olive-brown, profusely spotted with crimson ;

a crimson streak from eye to eye round the chin ; dorsal and

anal fins dark purplish, anal edged with lighter; pectoral

paler, edged with crimson; caudal broadly edged with

yellow above and beneath. Females yellowish olive, with

small crimson spots.

Total length 66 mm.

South Cameroon (Congo Basin). Several specimens from

the Ja and Bumba Rivers, from the collection of Mr. G. L.

Bates.

Fundulus walkeri.

Depth of body 32 to 4 times in total length, length of head

3 to 84 times. Head flat above; snout short and broad, a

little shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw

projecting ; eye 3} times in length of head, nearly twice in

interorbital width ; space between eye and lip very narrow,

the latter forming an angle fitting into a notch close to the

former. Dorsal 14, originating midway between occiput and

root of caudal, posterior rays longest, 3 to 2 length of head.

Anal 15-16, originating slightly in advance of dorsal. Pee-

toral 2 length of head, reaching base of ventral; latter

small, equally distant from end of snout and from root of

caudal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep.

28-30 scales in longitudinal series, 22-24 round body in

front of ventrals ; lateral line indicated by a series of pits.

Uniform brownish (badly preserved specimens).

Total length 42 mm.

Gold Coast. Three specimens, obtained at the Bokitsa

Mine by the late Mr. R. B. Walker.

Haplochilus ansorgit.

Depth of body 4 times in total length, length of head 34

to 34 times. Head flat above ; snout broad, rounded, as long

as eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw slightly pro-

eee

new Afrivan Cyprinodont Fishes. 265

jecting ; eye 33 to 4 times in length of head, 4 interorbital

width ; praorbital about } diameter of eye. Dorsal 11, origi-

nating twice as far from occiput as from root of caudal,

above middle of anal; longest rays about 2 length of head

(males). Anal 16. Pectoral ? length of head, reaching

base of ventral ; latter small, equally distant from end of

snout and from root of caudal. Caudal acuminate, a little

longer than head. Caudal peduncle as long as deep.

30-31 scales in longitudinal series, 18 round body in front

of ventrals ; lateral line indicated by a series of pits. Olive-

brown above, yellowish beneath ; sides with regular longi-

tudinal series of carmine spots, following the series of scales

and more or less confluent ; lower lip blackish ; fins grey,

edged with black, dorsal and anal with round purplish-black

spots.

Total length 70 mm.

Ogowe. ‘I'wo specimens, obtained by Dr. W. J. Ansorge

in the Masoma River, flowing into the Ogemwe at Umpo-

koya.

Haplochilus brucit.

Depth of body 4 to 44 times in total length, length of head

3 to 34 times. Head flat above ; snout broad, rounded, a

little shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw

slightly projecting ; eye 33 to 33 times in length of head, 13

to 12 times in interorbital width ; praorbital very narrow.

Dorsal 12-13, originating at equal distance from head and

from root of caudal, above anterior third (fourth or fifth ray)

of anal; longest ray 4 to 3 length of head. Anal 14-15.

Pectoral about 3 length of head, not reaching ventral ; latier

equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal.

Caudal rounded, as long as head. Caudal peduncle 14 times

as long as deep. 30-34 scales in longitudinal series, 24-26

round body in front of ventrals; an interrupted series of

very shallow lateral line pits. Pale yellowish olive, with or

without small carmine dots on the sides of the head and body

and on the dorsal and caudal fins.

Total length 32 mm.

Lower Niger. Several specimens from a pool at Udi,

presented by Major G. BH. Bruce.

Haplochilus luje.

Depth of body 4 to 5 times in total length, length of head

34 to 4 times. Head flat akove; snout broad, rounded, a

little shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw

264 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on

projecting ; eye 34 to 32 times in length of head, 1} to 12

times in interorbital width ; preorbital very narrow. Dorsal

10-11, originating twice as far from centre or anterior border

of eye as from root of caudal, above middle of anal ; longest

ray about as long as head in males, about 2 length of head in

females. Anal 14-15. Pectoral § to ? length of head, not

reaching ventral; latter small, equally distant from end of

snout and from root of caudal. Caudal rounded, as long as

head, with one of the upper and one of the lower rays more

or less produced in males. Caudal peduncle 12 to 2 times as

long as deep. 29-32 scales in longitudinal series, 20-22

round body in front of ventrals; lateral line represented by a

more or less distinct series of pits. Males olive above,

yellowish beneath, with numerous rather large carmine spots

disposed irregularly ; dorsal fin with small round purple

spots; anal and caudal with large purple markings, which

may form streaks in the direction of the rays. Females

yellowish, the scales of the upper parts edged with olive-

brown ; small red or orange spots sometimes present on the

sides; dorsal, anal, and caudal with small purplish-brown

spots.

Total length 45 mm.

Numerous specimens were obtained by M. E. Luja at

Konduc, Kasai, Belgian Congo.

Haplochilus cabinde.

Depth of body equal to length of head, 3} times in total

length. Head flat above; snout much shorter than eye;

mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting; eye 22 times

in length of head, a little less than interorbital width ; pre-

orbital 4 diameter of eye. Dorsal 9, originating at equal

distance from head and from root of caudal, or a little nearer

latter, above middle of anal ; longest rays 3 length of head.

Anal 15, longest rays 3 length of head. Pectoral ? length

ot head, reaching beyond base of ventral ; latter small, much

nearer end of snout than root of caudal, Caudal truncate, as

long as head. Caudal peduncle 1} times as long as deep.

31 scales in longitudinal series, 16 round body in front of

ventrals; no lateral line pits. Yellowish, finely speckled

with blackish, the vertebral line and a broad lateral band

olive-brown; fins uniform greyish.

Total length 38 mm,

Portuguese Congo. Two specimens were obtained at

Cabinda by Dr. W. J. Ansorge.

new African Cyprinodont Fishes. 265

Haplochilus exiguus.

Depth of body 4 times in total length, length of head 34

times. Head flat above; snout broad, rounded, a little

shorter than eye ; mouth directed upwards,'lower jaw slightly

projecting; eye 34 times in length of head, 2 interorbital

width; preorbital nearly 4 diameter of eye. Dorsal 8,

originating twice as far from eye as from root of caudal,

above middle of anal; penultimate ray produced into a long

filament (male). Anal12. Pectoral 3 length of head, barely

reaching base of ventral ; latter equally distant from end of

snout and from root of caudal. Caudal rounded, slightly

shorter than head. Caudal peduncle 14 times as long as

deep. 28 scales in longitudinal series, 22 round body in

front of ventrals. Yellowish, sides tinged with carmine ; a

carmine streak on each side of the head, through the eye and

round the chin; another below the eye; gill-membranes,

pectorals, and ventrals edged with carmine; dorsal and anal

with a carmine longitudinal streak and some carmine spots ;

caudal bordered all round with carmine, with three bars of

the same colour.

Total length 32 mm.

South Cameroon. A single specimen, from the Nyong

River, received from Mr. G. L. Bates.

Haplochilus calliurus.

Depth of body 3} to 44 times in total length, length of

head 34 to 3% times. Head flat above; snout short and

broad, nearly as long as eye; mouth directed upwards, lower

jaw feebly projecting ; eye 33 to 4 times in length of head,

twice in interorbital width; preorbital not more than +

diameter of eye. Dorsal 9-10, originating twice as far from

centre or anterior border of eye as from root of caudal, above

middle of anal; longest ray 3 to 2 length of head in females,

antepenultimate produced into a long filament in males.

Anal 12-13, the antepenultimate ray produced into a very

long filament in males. Pectoral 2 to # length of head,

reaching base of ventrals in males, not in females ; ventral

equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal,

outer ray produced into a short filament in males. Caudal

rounded-acuminate or decidedly pointed, one of the median

rays produced in males. Caudal peduncle 14 to 14 times as

long as deep. 29-30 scales in longitudinal series, 20-22

round body in front of ventrals ; lateral line indicated by a

series of pits. Olive or brownish above, yellowish white

266 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on

beneath, with carmine spots, which are larger and lighter in

the males, in which they may be confluent into longitudinal

streaks ; fins greyish, dorsal and caudal spotted with carmine ;

in males anal edged with carmine and white and lower

border of caudal similarly marked.

Total length 50 mm.

Liberia. Several specimens, presented by Mr. J. Paul

Arnold. I had first referred these fish to my H. elegans, and

it is under that name that Mr. Arnold has published notes on

it, together with an excellent coloured figure, in the ‘ Wochen-

schricht fiir Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde,’ vol. v. no. 23,

1908. J/. elegans differs in having D. 7-8, A. 14-15.

Haplochilus striatus.

Depth of body 4 to 42 times in total length, length of head

34 to 32 times. Head flat above; snout short and broad,

shorter than eye; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw pro-

jecting ; eye 34 times in length of head, 13 times in inter-

orbital width ; preorbital about ¢ diameter of eye. Dorsal

9-10, originating twice as far from centre or anterior border

of eye as ‘from root of ¢: 1udal, above middle of a9, acutely

pointed behind, longest ray ? length of head (males). Anal

13, pointed like the dorsal. Pectoral 3 to # length of head,

reaching base of ventral; latter small, equally distant from end

of snout and from root of caudal. Caudal rounded, with one

of the upper rays produced into a short filament. Caudal

peduncle 1} times as long as deep. 30-81 scales in longi-

tudinal series, 20-22 round body in front of ventrals ;

lateral line pits very indistinct or absent. Pale olive above,

yellowish white beneath; carmine spots forming 3 or 4

regular longitudinal series on each side, separated by olive

streaks ; fins greyish, dorsal and anal "edged with carmine

and with a carmine median streak ; caudal spotted with

carmine and with a carmine and white streak above and

below.

Total length 38 mm.

Ogowe. “Four specimens from the Abanga River, between

the first and second rapids, collected by Dr. Ww. J. Ansorge.

Haplochilus longiventralis.

be of body 42 to 5 times in total length, length of lead

to 34 times. Head flat above ; snout rounded, a little

oe than eye ; mouth directed upwards, lower jaw slightly

projecting ; eye 34 to 33 times in length of head, 12 to 19

new African Cyprinodont Fishes. 267

times in interorbital width ; praorbital barely } diameter of

eye. Dorsal 9, originating twice as far from head as from

root of caudal, above posterior third of anal; longest rays 4

to 2 length of head. Anal 15-16. Pectoral a little shorter

than head, extending beyond base of ventral; latter 4 as

long as head in females, much produced and at least as long

as pectoral in adult males, equally distant from end of snout

and from root of caudal. Caudal rounded-acuminate, longer

than head. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. 25-27 scales

in longitudinal series, 20 round middle of body in front of

ventrals; lateral line indicated by a series of pits. Pale

brown above, yellowish beneath, with or without carmine

dots; lower part of sides with numerous vertical or oblique

dark brown or carmine narrow bars; some dark spots may be

resent on the dorsal fin and on the base of the caudal.

Total length 55 mm.

Southern Nigeria. Several specimens were obtained in

swamps between Agwarba and Awka by Mr. R. D. Gardner.

I have received others from the mouths of the Niger and Old

Calabar through Mr. J. Paul Arnold, for whom I had identi-

fied them as /7. senegalensis, Stdr._ I now think they repre-

sent a distinct species, characterized by longer ventral fins.

Haplochilus grahami.

Depth of body 4 to 43 times in total length, length of head

3 to 34 times. Head flat above; snout broad, rounded, a

little shorter than eye ; mouth directed upwards; lower jaw

projecting ; eye 3 to 34 times in length of head, 11 times in

interorbital width ; preorbital barely 4 diameter of eye.

Dorsal 7, originating about twice as far from occiput as from

root of caudal, above posterior fourth of anal, longest rays 4

to 3 length of head. Anal 15-16, longest rays 4 to 3 length

of head. Pectoral ¢ length of head, extending beyond base

of ventral ; latter small, equally distant from end of snout

and from root of caudal, Caudal pointed, longer than head.

Caudal peduncle slightly longer than deep. 28-29 seales in

longitudinal series, 20-22 round body in front of ventrals -

lateral line indicated by a series of pits. Yellowish or pale

brownish, with or without small crimson spots; 6 or 7

blackish vertical bars on the body, some reaching the back

some confined to the lower half of the body; a black blotch

at the base of the caudal fin ; fins greyish (yellow in life)

caudal with small purplish-brown spots.

Total length 38 mm.

Lagos, in swamps. Several specimens were presented by

Dr. W. M. Graham.

Mr. G. J. Arrow ona

ip 8)

Haplochilus macrostigma,

Depth of body 44 times in total length, length of head 3}

times. Head flat above; snout as long as eye; mouth

directed upwards, lower jaw scarcely projecting ; eye 34

times in length of head, 12 times in interorbital width; pra-

orbital very narrow. Dorsal 9, originating twice as far trom

head as from root of caudal, above posterior third of anal ;

longest ray 4 length of head. Anal 16. Pectoral 2 length

of head, reaching base of ventral; latter small, equally

distant from end of snout and trom root of caudal. Caudal

rounded-acuminate, longer than head. Caudal peduncle as

long as deep. 28 scales in longitudinal series, 18 round

body in front of ventrals ; lateral line indicated by a series of

pits. Pale olive, with large crimson spots; fins greyish,

dorsal, anal, and caudal with small crimson spots.

Total length 40 mm.

Portuguese Congo. A single specimen from Cabinda,

received from Dr. W. J. Ansorge.

XXXII.—A new Genus of Ruteline Coleoptera from the

Indian Region. By Gitsert J. Arrow.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

MicRANOMALA, gen. nov.

Body very small, elongate and depressed. Clypeus small,

narrowed to the front, where it is strongly reflexed and

emarginate, with prominent lateral angles. Clypeal suture

strongly marked, carinate and nearly straight. Eyes very

large, with the inner margin nearly straight dorsally and

very oblique, so that the intervening space is nearly twice as

wide. behind as in front. Antenne 9-jointed, long and

slender.. Prothorax moderately transverse, not much nar-

rowed in front, completely but narrowly margined, with the

base almost straight. No sternal process. Legs long ;

front tibize tridentate, the uppermost tooth minute. Tarsi

and claws slender; front and middle tarsi with the longer

claw cleft near the middle of its length. Elytra with mem-

branous outer margins. ¢. Eyes much larger than in the

female. Inner front claw strongly dilated.

This genus has most of the characters of Anomad/a, but is

clearly separated from it by a combination of peculiar

—™

new Genus of Ruteline Coleoptera. 269

features, the most important of which are the emarginate

and biangulate clypeus, the obliquely placed eyes, and the

great enlargement of these in the male. The cleavage of the

claws far from the tip is also an exceptional feature, although

occurring in the subgenus Adorefosoma. Iam not at present

able to properly examine the organs of the mouth, having

only a single specimen of each of the three species. These

are all Indian and all of very small size.

They may be tabulated as follows :—

i. Clypeus and forehead strongly punctured ............ indica.

it. Clypeus smooth, forehead punctured ................ birmanica.

iii. Clypeus and forehead smooth ...................00 eingalensis,

Micranomala indica, sp. 0.

Pallide testacea, capite tarsisque rufis; clypeo sat crebre et grosse

punctato, antice subangulatim emarginato, angulis paulo obtusis,

fronte late longitudinaliter impresso, fortiter vix crebre punctato ;

prothorace distincte fere equaliter punctato, lateribus medio

angulatis, antice et postice fere rectis, equaliter approximatis,

angulis anticis acutis, posticis obtusis ; scutello punctato ; elytris

profunde striato-punctatis, interstitiis angustis, fere equalibus ;

pygidio fortiter, metasterno fortiter sat crebre, punctatis ; corpore

toto glabro, subtus parcissime piloso:

d, oculis Maximis, quam spatiam interjicientem antice paulo

latioribus.

Long. 7°5 mm, ; lat. max. 3°5 mm.

Hab. 8. Invia: Coimbatore.

It is pale testaceous, with the head and tarsireddish. The

clypeus is strongly and closely punctured and subangularly

emarginate in front, with prominent but not acute lateral

angles. ‘The forehead is rather strongly channelled along

the middle and strongly punctured, but a little less closely

than the clypeus. The pronotum is moderately closely and

rather evenly punctured, and the lateral margins are angu-

late in the middle, nearly straight, and very slightly con-

tracted from there to the front and hind angles, of which the

front are acute and the hind obtuse. The scutellum is

distinctly punctured and the elytra coarsely and closely in

strongly impressed rows placed close together at almost

equal distances. The pygidium is strongly, but not closely,

and the metasternum closely punctured. There is only a

very scanty clothing of hairs upon the lower surface. ‘The

front tibia bears three sharp teeth.

The male has the eyes very large, their diameter being

rather wider than the intervening space at its narrowest part.

270 On anew Genus of Ruteline Coleoptera.

The inner front claw is very broad and sharply angulated at

its lower edge.

The single specimen was presented to the British Museum

in 1861 by Mr. Walhouse, of the Madras Civil Service.

Micranomala cingalensis, sp. n.

Pallide testacea, capite tarsisque rufis; clypeo minutissime alutaceo-

punctulato, punctis nonnullis inconspicuis paulo majoribus,

margine antico leviter emarginato, angulis obtusis, fronte haud

impressa, minute et parce punctata; prothorace distincte, fere

eequaliter punctato, lateribus antice arcuatis, posticerectis; scutello

punctato ; elytris profunde striato-punctatis, interstitiis angustis,

fere equalibus; pygidio et metasterno sat fortiter et crebre

punctatis; corpore toto glabro, subtus parcissime piloso.

Long. 7 mm.; lat. max. 3°5 mm.

Hab. Cryion : Colombo.

This species, of which a single female has been found by

Mr. E. E. Green, is of the same colour, size, and shape as

M. indica, but the clypeus and forehead are scarcely percep-

tibly punctured and the latter is not impressed. The sides

of the pronotum are rounded in front and not distinctly

angulated in the middle. The sculpture of pronotum,

scutellum, elytra, and lower surface is almost the same as in

M. indica, but the pygidium is rather more closely punctured.

The front tibia has two acute teeth and an extremely feeble

upper one.

Micranomala birmanica, sp. n.

Pallide testacea, capite tarsisque rufis; clypeo nitidissimo, vix

punctato, lateribus contractis, fere rectis, margine antico fere

recto, angulis obtusis, fronte haud impressa, distincte haud dense

punctata; pronoto modice punctato, medio magis dense punctato,

leviter longitudinaliter sulcato, lateribus medio subangulatis,

antice et postice fere rectis, eequaliter approximatis, angulis

anticis acutis, posticis obtusis ; scutello punctato; elytris fortiter

fere eequaliter striato-punctatis; pygidio et metasterno fortiter

punctatis :

3, oculis maximis, quam spatiam interjicientem antice latioribus.

Long. 6 mm.; lat. max, 3:25 mm.

Hab. S. Tenassertm : Victoria Point.

Although a little smaller this species is superficially ex-

tremely like the other two. The clypeus is very smooth and

shining, without perceptible punctures. The lateral margins

are prominent at the base and from there nearly straight,

and the front margin is nearly straight in the middle, with a

On a new Species of Semnopithecus. 271

distinct but obtuse angle on each side. The forehead is

distinctly but not closely punctured and not impressed in

the middle. The pronotum is well punctured, rather closely

in the middle, where there is a slight longitudinal groove in

the anterior part, and less closely at the sides. The lateral

margins are subangulate in the middle, slightly approxi-

mating but scarcely curved from there to the front and hind

angles, of which the former are acute and the latter obtuse.

The uppermost (third) tooth of the front tibia is very feeble.

The distinctive features of the male are as in M. indica.

The single specimen was taken by the late E. T. Atkinson.

XXXUIL—On a new Species of Semnopithecus (Semno-

pithecus poliocephalus) from Zonkin. By E.-L. Trours-

SART, Professeur au Muséum d’ Histoire naturelle de Paris.

[Plate VIL]

Tue Gibbons and Semnopitheci * of the Oriental region of

Indo-China are up to the present time very little known, and

some recent papers, on the genus fHylobates in particular,

_have only succeeded in further confusing the synonymy of

the species. So far as regards Tonkin (and Semnopithecus

nemeus being left out of account) the only species known

from this region is Semnopithecus frangoisi, Pousargues +,

which is from Kouang-Si. The following species, which is

from farther north, appears very distinct from it, although

taking its place in the same subgeneric group.

Semnopithecus (Lophopithecus) poliocephalus, sp. n.

(Pl. VIT.)

In this monkey the head, which is entirely white as far as

the shoulders, is sharply distinguished from the rest of the

pelage, which is black above and beneath excepting a grey

tint on the thighs.

* I preserve for this genus the name, generally adopted, of Semno-

pithecus, F. Cuvier, 1821, until authors come into agreement as to what

should have priority. Presbytis, Eschscholz, is of the same year 1821,

but the exact date either of the day or of the month has never been

given which would assure it the priority over the former. Moreover,

other naturalists have adopted Pygathrix, EX. Geoffroy, 1812, which itself

is posterior to Lasiopyga, Iliger, 1811, founded likewise on the Svmia

nemea of Linné.

+ ‘Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire naturelle de Paris,’ 1898, p. 319.

272 On a new Genus of Buprestide.

The pelage of the head is of a bright flavous yellow,

passing into white around the circumference of the face

and into golden yellow at the point of the crest. All the hairs

of the summit of the head converge at the top to form a

pyramidal crest having exactly the form of a circus-clown’s

peruke. The flavous vellow of the head passes into golden

yellow on the neck, then into brownish yellow on the upper

part of the shoulders, where this colour merges, almost in-

sensibly, at the height of the clavicles and the nape, into the

deep black of the chest and back. All the rest of the body

and the tail are of the same black above and below, with the

exception of the base of the tail and the outer part of the

thighs, where the black hairs are mingled with white—or

white-ringed—hairs which make this part of the body appear

as if covered with hoar-frost. The hairs of the back attain

a length of from 10 to 12 centimetres. The face, the ears,

and the naked parts of the fore limbs are of a bluish black.

On the face the eyebrows bear erect scattered black hairs, 2 to

3 cm. long; some fine whitish hairs, with rarer black hairs,

on the upper lip; the chin is not bearded, but has a short

collar of flavous-yellow hairs, passing into brownish yellow

beneath the throat. The tail, which is long and slender, is

covered with rather short hairs. The callosities of the rump

are flesh-colour. The specimen is a female.

Length of the body 45 cm. (circa) ; of the tail 80 em.

Muséum de Paris, HE. 1911. 22. 7. no. 33; C. G. no. 481.

Hab. According to M. le Docteur Marcel Léger, mélecin-

major des troupes coloniales, who has brought the skin with

the skull from Tonkin, this Semnopithecus is not rare in the

province of Cai-Khin, to the north-east of Tonkin,

XXXIV.—Description of a new Genus of the Coleopterous

Family Buprestide. By Cas. O. Waternouse, I.8.0.,

F.E.S.

Some years ago I described in the ‘ Biologia Centrali-

Americana’ (Coleopt. iii. 1, p. 28) a species of Buprestide

under the name of Sphenoptera purpurascens, from Honduras.

I pointed out at the time that it differed from typical Spheno-

ptera in having a small scutellum. I have recently re-

examined this specimen (unfortunately unique), and have

come to the conclusion that it should be separated as a

distinct genus and be placed near Cinyra,

The Nomenclature of the Rheas of South America. 273

DITRIAZNA, gen. nov.

Sternal cavity formed laterally by the mesosternum and

posteriorly by the metasternum. Lateral portions of the

mesosternum moderately elongate. Antennal pores in a

fossa at the lower anterior angles of the joints. Front of

the head rather broad, nearly parallel-sided, not constricted

at the insertion of the antennz, the eyes scarcely oblique.

Scutellum small, transversely ova]. LEpipleural lobe of the

elytra considerably arched, so that it covers one-third of the

metasternal epipleuron. Antenne inserted very near the

eyes, as in Cinyra, the cavity very small and without any

distinct carina above it. Basal joint of the posterior tarsi

longer than the second joint, but not so long as the second

and third together. ‘Thorax evenly convex, slightly trans-

verse, sides nearly parallel, the base with a small central

fovea. lytra subparallel for some distance, and then

gradually narrowed to the apex (each armed with three small

acute spines), striate-punctate, costate posteriorly.

I think there can be no doubt that this genus should be

placed next to Cinyra, from which it differs by its more

parallel form, shorter tarsi, and in having three spines at the

apex of each elytron. The tibie are rather stout, and the

middle as well as the anterior ones are slightly curved

inwards and finely serrate on the inner side.

XXX V.—The Nomenclature of the Rheas of South America.

By Lorp Brasournge, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U., and C. Cuvss,

¥.Z.S., M.B.O.U., Zoological Department, British

Museum.

On going into this question we find that Linnzus founded

his Struthio americanus (= Rhea americana) on “ Nhandu-

guacu brasiliensibus” of Marcgrave, and his name is

applicable to the bird known as Rhea macrorhyncha, Sclater,

P. Z. S. 1860, p. 207; consequently Rhea americana of

authors (nec Linn.) requires a new name, for which we

propose

Rhea rothschildi.

Adult male. Crown of head, lower hind-neck, middle of the

mantle, lower fore-neck, and sides of the upper breast black ;

sides of the crown, upper hind-neck, and upper fore-neck

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 18

274 The Nomenclature of the Rheas of South America.

greyish white with black shafts and elongated hair-like tips

to the feathers, becoming buff-colour on the sides of the

neck; chin and upper throat white; sides of the upper

mantle and short wing-feathers lead-grey, with black shaft-

lines ; the long wing-feathers are disintegrated and com-

posed of colours black, white, grey, and brown; the upper

back is dusky black, becoming paler and gradually merging

on to the lower back, which is silvery grey with darker

shaft-lines like the flanks and thighs; middle of upper

breast ash-grey ; remainder of under surface pearl-white.

Total length 53 inches ; exposed portion of culmen 3°5;

tarsus 13:0; middle toe and claw 6:0.

The type, which was collected at Ynglases, Aj6, Buenos

Ayres, on the 27th of May, 1909, is in the British Museum.

We have much pleasure in naming this Rhea in honour of

the Hon. Walter Rothschild, who has done so much for the

advancement of ornithology in various parts of the world.

Since this was drawn up the Hon. Walter Rothschild has

called our attention to a paper by himself, “On the former

and present Distribution of the so-called Ratitz,’ which is

being published in the ‘ Proceedings’ of the Fifth Inter-

national Ornithological Congress held in Berlin, 1910.

In this paper he had anticipated us by pointing out that

Rhea macrorhyncha of Sclater was a synonym of Struthio

americanus of Linnzeus, but had accepted for Rhea americana

of authors (nec Linneus) Rhea nandu of Lesson.

We had already looked into this, and concluded that Rhea

nandu was simply a substitute name for the Rheas as a

whole, and consequently inacceptable for this species. In

support of which we copy Lesson’s introduction of his name

(Man. d’Orn. ii. p. 208, 1828) :—‘‘Ce genre ne renferme

qu’une espéce nommée nandu, churi, autruche d’ Amérique, et

quelquefois par erreur fowyou. Crest le rhea nandu, ou

struthio rhea de Linné, qui vit sur les bords du détroit de

Magellan, ot les voyageurs l’ont souvent prise pour une

veritable espéce d’autruche.”

Moreover, Temminck, in the 40th livraison of the Pl. Col.,

text to pl. 237 (1823), had already used Rhea nandua

as a substitute name for Rhea americana, and this usage

has five years priority over Lesson.

We also find that d@Orbigny, in the Itinerary of his

Voyage (il. p. 67, note, 1834), gave the chief diagnostic

character, when he proposed the name of Rhea pennata for

the species from Patagonia commonly known as Rhea

On two new Species of Lepus. 275

darwini, Gould; and as he has three years prio:ity over

Gould, his name must be accepted.

The species, with their type localities, will in future be

known as :—

Rhea americana (Linn.), Syst. Nat. i. p. 155, 1758. (Ser-

gipe, East Brazil—ex Marcgrave.)

Rhea rothschildi, Brabourne and Chubb. (Argentina.)

Rhea pennata, @Orb. (Patagonia.)

XXXVI.—Two new Species of Lepus.

By R. E. Draxe-Brockman, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., F.Z.S.

Lepus crispit, sp. n.

This species is remarkable for its diminutive size and

general pale coloration. Although the fur of both specimens

obtained appears to be bleached, the pale colour and small

size render it quite distinct.

In its bleached state the fur of this species differs markedly

from the bleached fur found in ZL. somalensis. The fur is

pale grey at the base, then pale buff followed by a distinct

light brown band, while the terminal part of the hairs is

creamy white, rendering the animal almost indistinguishable

from the sand in the region where it lives.

The back of the neck is of a pinkish buff, while the whole

of the fur on the underparts, with the exception of a narrow

longitudinal band of white, is pale buff. ‘The fur on the legs

is very similar to that on the back.

The head is of the general body-colour, but it will be seen

that where the new fur is appearing the hairs are tipped with

black, which soon fades to a dark brown and then rapidly

gets bleached.

The chin is white, there is a distinct light-coloured area

round the eyes, the whiskers are black tipped with white,

and the ears long, scantily covered with hair and edged with

a creamy buff, except at the tip of the ear, where it is brown.

I have taken as the type specimen my number 354, a male

shot near Obbia, Italian Somaliland, on December 23rd, 1910.

The measurements, in the flesh, of this specimen were as

follows :—

mm.

_ DEE BD Oy Ane 375

LT EE eel 100

Li BGs AE pith es le ae 93

LT AAR paar gic ar nee eRe toe 100

Nyrerz tet. 2.0 Sisco Cer oe ee 13 lbs

276 On two new Species of Lepus.

The above and another specimen were shot on an open

maritime plain, practically destitute of verdure.

Skull-measurements :—

mm.

Total Jength » 2.5 ibis tn des vee soo ees Cae 69

Basal lonoth - 20 ict cic sep eae oe ee eee 51:5

Greatest interzygumatic width .............. 35°5

Least interocular width (/...0 3 230.5. spear 14

Upper jcheel:=teeth :s. 52.5... 2< = ot oe bl ok eee oe 12:5

Palatal foramen’ i. 95 ~s =) 0) ac uls oe dee ee 16

Length of nasal bones (in middle line) ....,.,.. 20

Greatest length of nasals ........ ee 26

It gives me great pleasure in naming this small hare after

Captain Crispi, the Italian Resident at Obbia on the

Miffertain Coast of Italian Somaliland, through whose

kindness I was enabled to get this specimen.

Lepus cordeauxi, sp. n.

A large hare very unlike Z. somalensis in general colora-

tion. Skull-measurements greater in every respect.

Fur long, individual hairs black with pale buff subterminal

band; underfur silver-grey. Underfur on flanks as on back,

with tips of longer hairs black, unlike those in L. somalensis,

in which they are white.

Fur of chest buff tipped with black, whereas in L. soma-

lensis they are pinkish buff. Hairs of legs reddish buff with

black tips. Underfur of head brownish, longer hairs with

bands of buff and tipped with black.

Back of neck cinnamon-colour. Ears well covered with

short hairs, edges buff, apex of ears black.

Measurements in the flesh were unfortunately not taken.

Sex unknown.

Collected by me at Sheikh Mahomed, Eastern Arussi,

Abyssinia, October 29th, 1908. B.M. no. 9.6.1. 37.

Skall-measurements :—

(Skull badly damaged, but it will be seen that the

measurements which can be taken are all greater than those

of L. somalensis.)

mm.

Least interzygomatic width .............0005: 40

Interorbital width 4.05 s4has ees hs ok wee eRTRS 22

Length of parietals in middle line ............ 38

* nasals ,, % Ay. on Ne ks een 29

Binsals, preitest lenpth .)..5: ....+.. shad deed 39

From anterior angle of orbit to gnathion ...... 39

Manger cheek-teeth 00.0 00. 2... ine anne b 16

Svat mt palate at we®'!,).'.5.5.:.). vjewsmain dies ae 125

Length of palatal foramen .............0000. 23

On some Local Forms of Cephaloplius natalensis. 277

Top of skull flatter than in Z. somalensts, in which the

supraorbital plates are more arched.

I have named this fine species after Captain H. EF. S.

Cordeaux, C.B., C.M.G., His Majesty’s late Commissioner

and Commander-in-Chief for the Somaliland Protectorate.

XXXVII.—On some Local Forms of Cephalophus natalensis.

By R. C. Wroveuton,

Ix identifying a specimen of the natalensis group of South-

African duikers, I had occasion to lay out all the specimens

of this group in the Museum Collection; it then became

abundantly evident that there are several well-marked

geographical races.

So far as I can ascertain, only two names have been given

in this group south of British East Africa, whence Mr.

Thomas has described harveyi; these are robertsi, Rothsch.,

and vassei, Trouess., both from the southern portion of

Portuguese East Africa. There are four specimens from this

area in the Collection—viz., two from Inhambane, near the

mouth of the river Limpopo, and two from Gorongoza, near

the mouth of the Zambesi. These make a very even series,

agreeing very fairly with Rothschild’s robertsi. The most

prominent character said to distinguish vassei from robertsi is

that this latter has “les parties intérieures blanches.” This,

however, is based on a misunderstanding, and there is no

difference between the two on this point: vasset must

therefore, I think, be accepted as a synonym of robertsi.

The four races I can distinguish may be arranged in a

key as follows :—

A. Size smaller: head and body and hind

foot rarely reaching 800 and 200 mm.

respectively. Colour darker. ars

shorter, 75 mm.

a. Colour “ tawny”; nape pale slate-grey.

Peravalmiulwland.) | 9 ic). 6. cic blends C. natalensis, A. Sm.

6. Colour richer, redder on back, yellower

on flanks ; nape almost black. (‘T'rans-

i 02 ie Sas ae C. n. amenus, subsp. n.

B. Size larger : head and body and hind foot

reaching well above 800 and 200 mm.

respectively. Colourpaler. Ears longer,

85 mm.

a. Colour “ tawny ochraceous,” paler be-

low. (Portuguese E. Africa.) 5 a C. n. robertsi, Roths.

6. Colour much paler, below dirty white.

Gihyada.) i635 Seeds ate os €. n. bradshawt, subsp. n.

278 On some Local Forms of Cephalophus natalensis.

Cephalophus natalensis, A. Smith.

1834. Cephalophus natalensis, A. Sm. 8. Afr. Quart. Journ. ii. p. 217.

General colour above “tawny,” below paler. Throat as

far back as ears white, remainder of throat, chest and

cheeks slightly paler than belly. Nape pale slaty blue with

a brownish tinge. Area of face above nostrils tinged

greyish.

Dimensions (as given by Smith) :—

Head and body 850 mm.; tail 112; ears 62.

The label on the type specimen states that these measure-

ments exactly corresponded with those of the stuffed specimen,

from which they were therefore evidently taken. The type

was a rather young female (last molar not quite up) ; in an

adult male specimen from Zululand the length of the head

and body measured in the flesh is recorded as 759 mm. and

the ears as 76 mm., and these are almost certainly more

reliable figures of the dimensions.

Cephalophus natalensis amenus, subsp. n.

Size as in natalensis. General colour above darker than in

natalensis ; back redder, flanks yellower, belly scarcely paler

than back; white throat-patch as in natalensis ; lower throat

slightly paler than belly. Nape very much darker than in

true natalensis, almost black.

Skull as in natalensis.

Dimensions of the type (body-measurements recorded by

collector ) :—

Head and body 818 mm. ; tail 89; hind foot 199; ear 75.

Skull: greatest length 165; basal length 143; palatal

length 83; zygomatic breadth 72; nasals 51; upper molar

series 44.

Hab. Transyaal (type from Legogot).

Type. Old male. B.M. no. 6.11. 7.18. Original num-

ber 1468. Collected 19th May, 1906, by C. H. B. Grant,

and presented to the Museum by Mr. C. D. Rudd.

Cephalophus natalensis robertst.

1906. Cephalophus robertsi, Roths. P. Z. S. p. 691.

1907. Cephalophus natalensis vasset, Trouess. Bull. Mus. H. N. no. 7,

p- 448.

Size somewhat larger than natalensis. General colour

*‘uniform orange-chestnut (or pale Chinese orange), of a

much paler yellower and brighter shade ” than in natalensis ;

On the so-called new Subfamily Ceratocheiline. 279

white throat-patch as in natalensis, lower throat and chest

ouly slightly tinged with rufous; belly paler than back.

Nape darker than in natalensis, the hairs where the nape-

patch fades into the back markedly ringed dark slate and

ochraceous. Marked patch on face above the nostrils

ash- or mouse-grey, this patch almost indiscernible in true

natalensis and limited to a short median line, 10-15 mm.

broad, in amenus.

Dimensions of an adult male from the Gorongoza District,

Portuguese East Africa :—

Head and body 850 mm.; tail 121 ; hind foot 197 (? 207) ;

ear 85,

Skull: greatest length 168; basal length 148 ; palatal

length 35; zygomatic breadth 74; nasals 58; upper molar

series 46,

The type locality is given as Portuguese Kast Africa by

Mr. Kothschild. The specimen described above is almost

an absolute topotype of Dr. Trouessart’s type of vassei.

Cephalophus natalensis bradshawi, subsp. n.

Size as in robertsi. General colour pale tawny ochraceous,

much paler and yellower than even robertsi. White throat-

patch as usual, but all the rest of the throat, chest, inner side

of fore limbs, and belly almost white, only slightly tinged with

rufous. Nape-patch somewhat more developed than in

robertsi. Grey patch on lower face even more marked than

in roberts.

Dimensions :—

No body-measurements were recorded by the collector, but

almost certainly these are the same as in roderisi.

Skull: greatest length 163 mm.; basal length 144;

palatal length 86; zygomatic breadth 70; nasals 56 ; upper

molar series 45.

Distribution. Nyasa (type from Chiromo, Shire River).

iupe. Very old female. B.M. no. 11..6. 16. 1. Col-

lected by Major C. P. Bradshaw on the 27th October, 1910,

and presented to the Natural History Museum.

XXXVIII.—On the so-called new Tipulid Subfamily

Ceratocheiline, Wesché. By F. W. Eywarps, B.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

On reading the late Mr. Wesché’s paper (J. Linn. Soc.,

Zool. xxx. 1910, p. 358) in July of last year, the writer was

struck by the resemblance of the figures of the rostrum of

280 Mr. F. W. Edwards on the so-called

the genus Ceratocheilus to what is found in Toxorrhina. No

further notice was taken of this resemblance at the time,

and no comparisons were made with the descriptions of

Toxorrhina. “Early im the present year, however, the writer

had occasion to examine carefully Dr, Speiser’s description

of Styringomyia cornigera (Berlin. ent. Zeit. li. 1907,

p- 130), and a suspicion at once arose that this species was

related to Ceratocheilus. This suspicion was confirmed by a

re-reading of Wesché’s paper, while an examination of the

types in the British Museum showed that a considerable

amount of confusion of names had arisen, which required

clearing up.

The first thing that was evident from this examination

was that the type specimens of Ceratocheilus winnsampsont

agreed so closely with the description of Styringomyia

cornigera as to leave no room for doubting that the two

names applied to one and the same species. The name

Styringomyia is evidently wrongly applied to cornigera, for

Loew in his original description of the genus (Dipt. Beit. 1.

p- 6) says “ proboscis brevis,” while the figures of the wing

given by Loew and Osten-Sacken show a considerable

divergence from the neuration of S. cornigera, though it is

true there is a certain general resemblance. Fortunately

the writer has seen a large number of recent examples of

the last-named genus, and there is clearly no close relation

between it and Ceratocheilus.

An examination was next made of the types of Neocerato-

cheilus, and it was found that in neuration and in the

structure of the head, antennz, thorax, legs, and abdomen

there was nothing to separate this genus from Yoworrhina.

The only noticeable difference is that in N. grahami the

ereat cross-vein is placed before the base of the discal cell.

This character cannot be regarded as generic, and is exhibited

also by 7. cisatlantica, Speiser. Neoceratocheilus grahami is

evidently closely alhed to 7. cisat/antica, but differs in the

dark halteres, those of the latter species being described as

white. Wesché, in his description of Neoceratocheilus,

omits to mention that the antennie are twelve-jointed in

both sexes (as in Towxorrhina), and he incorrectly states

that the head has ‘a flat plate inserted at the dorsal base of

the proboscis.” This latter feature is peculiar to the genus

Ceratocheilus; itis not found in the related genera Zozor-

rhina and Elephantomyia, nor in the genus Styringomyia ;

it is, in fact, one of the most important diagnostic characters

of Ceratocheilus. This very remarkable structure has been

well described by Speiser, who speaks of it as a corniculus ;

new Tipulid Subfamily Ceratocheiline. 281

Wesché also figures it. Ceratocheilus is further distinguished

from Yoxorrhina by the presence of a rudimentary second

vein, and by the further reduction in the number of joints

of the antenne ; from Elephantumyia by the form of the

second vein and the number of antennal joints. The

antennal joints are difficult to count, but in the male Cerato-

cheilus they appear to me to be 10 in number, not 8 as

stated and figured by Wesché. There is no close relation-

ship either with Ptychoptera or Gynoplistia, which Wesché

suggested.

The discovery of the genus Ceratocheilus is of great

interest as it affords a safe clue to the interpretation of the

neuration of Yoworrhina. The second vein, already in a

rudimentary state in the former, has evidently been com-

pletely suppressed in the latter genus, in which it is there-

fore not the submarginal, but the outer marginal cell which

is absent. This explanation was suggested as a possible one

by Osten-Sacken (Mon. Dipt. N. Am. iv. p. 112), who, if he

had had the present material at his disposal, would doubtless

have adopted it as the true one. The similar condition of

the second vein in Styringomyia is probably due to parallel

or convergent evolution, and not indicative of relationship.

All the known species of Yowxorrhina, with, the exception

of 7. madagascariensis, Meunier (Bull. Soc. Etud. Sci. Nat.

Elbeuf, xxiv. 1906, p. 27), described from Madagascar copal,

have hyaline wings, while the described Ceratocheilus have

spotted wings. ‘This suggests the possibility that 7. mada-

gascariensis may be a Ceratocheilus ; the presence of a small

second vein may easily have been overlooked. The fossil

species of Towxorrhina (Elephantomyia) described by Loew

may possibly belong to Ceratocheilus; but this is not

probable. Osten-Sacken seems to think that they are

true Yoxorrhina; if Schiner was correct in saying that

they possess a submarginal cell, they probably belong to

Elephantomyia. <A collection of Diptera in copal from the

East African coast, in the British Museum, contains a

number of specimens of Llephantomyia.

A short time after making the above discoveries the writer

read Dr. Griinberg’s description of his new genus [diophlebia

(Zool. Anz. xxvi. 1903, p. 527), and Dr. Speiser’s of

I. crassicosta (Berl. ent. Zeit. lii. 1907, p. 132), which

seemed to apply to Styringomyia. Griinberg’s description

was compared with those of Loew and Osten-Sacken, with

which it was found to tally completely. On looking through

the accessions of Tipulide in the British Museum I found

specimens of a Slyringomyia from Burpengary, S. Quecus-

282 On the so-called new Subfamily Ceratocheiline.

land, collected by Dr. T. L. Bancroft, which were evidently

I. pallida, Grinberg, while the single damaged specimen

of S. didgma, Grimshaw (‘Fauna Hawaiiensis,’ iii. 1901,

p- 10), seemed to .belong to the same species. I wrote to

Mr. Grimshaw suggesting the possibility, and he replied that

he had for long believed that it was so; he also very kindly

forwarded for my inspection a number of specimens of

S. didyma received since the publication of his work. A

comparison of these with the Queensland specimen and with

the description of J. pallida removed all doubt as to their

identity. This is the only known recent species of the

genus (there are eight in the British Museum) in which the

axillary vein is curved to the hind margin, not angulated.

Grinberg points out distinctions in the neurations of Idio-

phiebia and Styringomyia, but these can really only be

differences of interpretation,and not of structure. The

auxiliary vein, as noted by Grimshaw, is difficult to observe,

and this would be quite sufficient to account for Loew’s

statement that it is absent; his specimens being enclosed

in amber would naturally be even more difficuJt to examine.

Loew’s and Osten-Sacken’s interpretation of the short vein

connecting the first and third longitudinal veins as the

terminal portion of the second seems nearer the truth than

to call it, as Griinberg does, the marginal cross-vein. The

first longitudinal vein can generally be distinguished along

nearly the whole length of the wing, though it les in close

conjunction with the costa. Grinberg’s figure has probably

slightly exaggerated the distance between them. Jdiophlebia

crassicosta, Speiser, is a Styringomyia, and is more typical

than J. pallida, as the auxiliary vein is less distinct and the

subcostal enters into conjunction with the costal nearer the

base of the wing. In this species, according to the author,

“die ganze Fliigelflache ist dicht behaart”; Dr. Speiser,

writing to me concerning this, says he may have meant that

the usual microscopic hairs on the membrane of the wing are

a little longer than in other Limnobiide, but it is no hairi-

ness such as one sees, for example, in Psychoda. The palpi

of S. didyma, Grimshaw, are figured as being six-jointed ;

this is, of course, a mistake, for which that author is not

himself responsible.

I take this opportunity to describe a new species of the

genus Ceratocheilus, which is represented in the British

Museum by a single specimen (?) taken 12.1.1905 by

Lt.-Col. Giles at sea, 6° N., 20 miles from the West African

coast,

Descriptions and Records of Bees. 283

Ceratocheilus gilesi, sp. n.

Head dark grey. Thorax and abdomen almost uniform

brownish ochreous, thorax without distinct markings.

Wings entirely unspotted, not even darkened on the cross-

veins ; discal cell open, coalescent with second posterior

cell; great cross-vein slightly beyond base of second

posterior cell ; second vein somewhat straighter and shorter

than in C. cornigerum.

Length of body 5°5 mm. ; rostrum 5 ; wing 4:5.

The open diseal cell and hyaline wings of this species

render it very distinct.

SUMMARY.

The following species have been noticed in the preceding

paragraphs :—

1. Ceratocheilus cornigerum (Speiser).

Syn. Styringomyia cornigera, Speiser (1908).

Ceratocheilus winnsampsont, Wesché (1910),

2. Ceratocheilus gilesi, sp. n.

3. Toxorrhina (?) madagascariensis, Meunier.

4, Toxorrhina grahami (Wesché).

Syn. Neoceratocheilus grahami, Wesché.

5. Toaworrhina cisatlantica, Speiser.

6. Styringomyia didyma, Grimshaw (1901).

Syn. Idiophlebia pallida, Griinberg (1903).

7. Styringomyia crassicosta (Speiser).

Syn. Idiopheblia crassicosta, Speiser.

XXXIX.—Descriptions and Records of Bees—XXXVIII.

By T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado.

Megachile bicolor taiwana, subsp. n.

? .—Differs from Indian M. bicolor as follows: abdomen

not so broad at base ; hair of pleura entirely pale, slightly

yellowish, the general effect being pale yellowish grey ; no

fuscous hair near base of wings above; ventral scopa a

little reddish subapically.

284 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

Hab. Formosa ; one at Takao, July 26 (Sauter). Berlin

Museum,

I previously recorded this as M. bicolor, but a renewed study,

in comparison with the Indian form, indicates that it is

subspecifically distinct. It looks like M. rufovittata, but,

aside from the colour of the scopa, the clypeus is depressed

in the middle and the shining supraclypeal area is more

finely punctured.

Megachile caldwelli, sp. n.

? .—Length about 17 mm.

Robust, black, with pale hair; head broad; sides of face

and front with much white hair ; clypeus irregularly punc-

tured, the punctures of different sizes, the middle depressed

and more sparsely punctured, the apical margin broadly

shallowly emarginate and depressed in the middle; supra-

clypeal area transversely obtusely elevated, with a shallow

transverse median depression; flagellum pale brownish

beneath ; vertex rather densely punctured on a shining

ground ; mesothorax with strong rather close punctures ;

scutellum extremely densely punctured ; hair of thorax pale,

but pleura-with a very broad band of fuscous hair from the

wings downward; tegulz dark castaneous. Wings reddish.

Legs with pale hair ; middle femora broadly flattened behind ;

inner side of tarsi with ferruginous hairs; hind basitarsi

very broad. Abdomen broad, hardly tapering, the hind

margins of the segments rather narrowly ferruginous ;

dorsal surface of abdomen covered with light ferruginous

hair, and ventral scopa entirely of the same colour.

Hab. Foochow, China (H. R. Caldwell). U.S. National

Museum.

In my table of Chinese Megachile (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.

1910, p. 212) this runs nearest to M. mongolica, which is a

much smaller species. In Bingham’s table of Indian species

it runs nearest to J/. ardens, which has black pubescence on

the front and fuscous black on the legs; or to M. fulvo-

vestita, which has the clypeus carinate. The face and

mandibles are constructed much as in M. bicolor. Super-

ficially, the insect looks like the Formosan M. takaoensis,

but the wings are not so dark, the clypeus and supraclypeal

area are quite different, and the mandibles have a strong

Y-shaped ridge, wanting in fakavensis. M. caldwelli may be

said to combine the principal structural characters of bicolor

with the appearance and colour of takaoensis. The larger

size, white hair of face, less densely punctured mesothorax,

Records of Bees. 285

and absence of shining areas on the axillz readily separate

caldwelli from rufovittata.

Caupolicana vestita (Smith, 1879), var. piurensis, v. nov.

Professor C. H. T. Townsend has sent me four specimens,

which he collected at Piura, Peru, April 28th, 1911, at

flowers of an Asclepiadaceous climber, which is perhaps

Philibertella flava (Philibertia flava, Meyen). Pollen-bodies

of the Asclepiad adhere to the Jegs of some of the specimens.

Smith’s species was based on a male from Peru. The

female is similar, about 15 mm. long. Fresh specimens

have the hair on cheeks and underside of body very white,

and my material has black legs, with only the tarsi of the

males somewhat rufescent. As Smith detinitely states that

the tibiz and tarsi are ferruginous in his insect, I regard

the Piura form as a variety or race. In the female the

middle and hind tibie and tarsi are black-haired on the

outer side, but the hind tibiz have abundant curled long

white hair beneath. The hind tibiz and tarsi are also black-

haired on the inner side, and the large scopa of the hind

femora is greyish black. Mandibles tridentate in female,

bidentate in male ; lobes of tongue very long and pointed ;

second s.m. about half size of third; abdomen of female

dorsally with brilliant orange-fulvous tomentum, at sides

black (¢. e. the surface visible) with broad white apical

hair-bands, fifth segment with black hair, white at extreme

sides ; male abdomen similar, fifth segment black-haired

basally, with a broad white hair-band, and no fulvous except

a slender longitudinal median line of hair, which may be

absent.

Trigona mellaria, Smith.

Piura, Peru, at same Asclepiadaceous flowers as Caupoli-

cana vestita, var. piurensis, April 28 (C. H. T. Townsend).

At an earlier date males were sent, with the information

that the species nests in mesquite trunks. The Peruvian

specimens have been compared with a cotype from F. Smith’s

collection. The male differs from the worker by the much

narrower face, with silvery white pubescence at sides, and

has more light colour on the legs. The male hind tibiz are

largely pale yellow, marked with black and suffused with

red. The species was described from Panama.

286 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

Trigona townsendi, sp. n.

Worker : about 2} mm. long.

Compact, with short abdomen, black, nearly hairless ;

scape slender, ferruginous, dusky at apex, flagellum dark ;

mandibles rufous ; face broad and flat; head and mesothorax

dullish, finely sculptured; antennz close together, a keel

extends upwards from their base, changing to a groove on

upper part of front; cheeks, metathorax, and pleura

shining; tegulz testaceous. Wings hyaline, with pallid

nervures ; stigma large, narrowly margined with dusky. Legs

very dark fuscous, small joints of tarsi ferruginous ; posterior

tibiz moderately broad. Abdomen smooth and exceedingly

‘shiny. The following characters are seen with the com-

pound microscope: mandibles edentate ; malar space well

developed, about 104 long; distance between antennal

sockets hardly 100 w; front with a minutely cancellate

sculpture ; mesothorax very minutely cancellate, except at

sides, where this sculpture gives way to coarse ridges

directed toward the margin; scutellum more feebly sub-

cancellate, the tendency being toward transverse markings ;

metathorax inflated, delicately cancellate, the well-defined

polygonal areas about twice as large as those on mesothorax ;

width of hind tibia about 270 ww; last antennal joint

flattened and curved, rather spoon-like,

Hab. Piura, Peru, October (C. H. T. Townsend, 124).

Resembles 7. schulthessi, Friese, from Guatemala, but is

smaller, with the thorax partly shining. 1. muelleri, Friese,

and 7. dutre, Friese, are easily separated by the shining

head and thorax; and T. schrottkyi, Friese, by its white-

haired face and absence of a distinct malar space.

T. fraissei, Friese, is much more hairy.

Xylocopa nitidiventris, Smith.

X. morawitzi, Pérez, 1901, is a synonym, according toa

note pencilled by Professor Pérez on my copy of his

description.

Xylocopa varians incarum, subsp. nu.

? .—Similar to X. varians ecuadorica, Ckll., but differing

as follows: scattered pale hairs of abdomen white (not

golden) ; extreme sides of segments 2 to 4 with narrow but

dense white apical hair-bands; the pale yellowish hair of

legs of ecuadorica wholly replaced by hair of a fine deep

copper-red. Tegule black, slightly reddish posteriorly.

Records of Bees. 287

Wings dusky hyaline, scarcely yellowish. Compared with

a specimen of ecuadorica, the type of incarum is decidedly

more robust.

3d .—Less robust ; face narrow, with the elypeus, a broad

supraclypeal mark, lateral face-marks (extending narrowly

along orbits to level of anterior ocellus), greater part of

labrum, stripe on mandibles, scape in front, and stripe on

basal half of third antennal joint (the apical part in front

red) all white ; tarsi with much copper-red hair, and a line

of the same on outer side of hind tibiz, failing basally.

Compared with the male X. splendidula, Lep. (Villa

Encarnacion, Paraguay, Schrottky), this differs in being

smaller; eyes smaller, much less converging above; labrum

and mandibles with light marks; hair of pleura black ;

tarsi with much red hair, &c. It is at present uncertain

whether varians, ecuadorica, and incarum should be regarded

as closely allied species, or races of one (varians).

Hab, Piura, Peru (C. H. T. Townsend). The type

(female) from flowers of water-melon in May; the male,

April 28, at the same Asclepiadaceous flowers as Trigona

mellaria, &e. The insect is dedicated to the Incas, who

doubtless observed it in ages past.

Xylocopa morio callichlora, subsp. n.

2 .—Wings shining brilliant golden green, with slight

coppery tints.

Hab. Piura, Peru, April 28, 1911 (C. H. T. Townsend).

Pérez records what is evidently the same variety from

Guayaquil. It is just possible that X. frontalis quadri-

maculata, Meunier, from Quito, is its male. Dalla Torre’s

Catalogue erroneously gives Cayenne as the locality of

quadrimaculata.

Ptiloglossa ollantayi, sp. n.

2 .—Length about 16 mm., anterior wing 114.

Light rufo-fulvous, the head and thorax dusky above,

the cheeks black ; hind margins of abdominal segments

broadly hyaline, with a greenish lustre; legs clear ferrugi-

nous ; hair of head and thorax abundant, white on cheeks,

pale yellowish on face (whiter at sides, where it is dense),

broadly tipped with grey on vertex, on thorax fulvous,

tipped with fuscous on dorsum, below wings, and at sides of

metathorax; hair of legs pale yellowish; first abdominal

segment with much erect pale fulvous: hair, along hind

margin strongly stained with fuscous ; remaining segments

288 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

with pale depressed hair, very thin on second and third, but

at apex becoming long and dense; no hair-bands; clypeus

and labrum yellow, the clypeus flattened and shining in

middle, hardly punctured ; mandibles bidentate, ferruginous

basally, dark apically ; malar space very short ; eyes very

large, converging above; ocelli very large, in a very high

triangle, the lateral ones almost touching the eyes; scape

rather short, dusky reddish; flagellum dark above, redder

but not light beneath, bright ferrugimous at apex; third

antennal joint very long; area of metathorax triangular,

smooth, free from hair; tegule clear rufo-testaceous.

Wings yellowish, nervures ferruginous, stigma obsolete ;

venation as in P. matutina (Schrottky) ; hind spur of hind

tibize very long and slender, anterior spur thick at base, with

a twisted linear end.

Hab. Piura, Peru, March 1911 (C. H. T. Townsend).

Named after the hero of the famous ancient Peruvian

drama “ Ollantay.” <A species without striking structural

features, but readily distinguished by its fulvous colour,

which makes it look like Xenoglossa mustelina (Fox). The

eyes converge more above than in P.matutina. P. eburnea,

Friese, from Peru, is readily distinguished by its dark

tegumentary colours.

Megachile piurensis, sp. u.

¢ .—Length about 12 mm.

Compact, with very short abdomen; intense black, with

black hair, except as follows: clypeus and middle of face

covered with pure white hair, in two tufts abruptly parted

in the middle, one directed upwards, the other downwards

(but sides of face with black hair) ; front and anterior sides

of mesothorax with the hair obscurely greyish ; a grey tuft

in front of and beneath tegule ; long white hair extending

from anterior femora and trochanters behind; hair of

abdomen wholly black; eyes dark reddish ; facial quad-

rangle about square; antenne slender, eutirely black ;

mandibles rather broad ; sides of upper part of front shining

and finely punctured, vertex duller, more coarsely punctured ;

mesothorax and scutellum entirely dull and granular;

tegule black. Wings fuliginous; anterior cox without

spines; anterior tarsi simple, black-haired, the small joints

with short glittering light hair on inner side; sixth

abdominal segment descending, broadly excavated in the

manner of a half-circle, the sides of the excavation long and

pointed.

Hab. Piura, Peru, March 1911 (C. H. T. Townsend).

Records of Bees. 289

A striking species, closely related in structure to M. saui-

cyi, Guér. (chilensis, Spinola), though very distinct by the

black hair and dark wings. In Vachal’s table of males in

* Revue d’Entomologie,’ 1908-1909, it runs to M. tricincta,

Friese, except that the anterior legs have much pale hair

behind. It is also easily separated from tricincta by the

entirely black-haired abdomen. In Friese’s table of males

in ‘ Flora og Fauna,’ 1908, it runs nearest to M. argentina,

Friese, which is very similar, but has the flagellum some-

what broadened at end, and three teeth on each side of the

incision at end of abdomen.

Callomelitta picta, Smith,

Melbourne, Victoria, June 26, 1892 (French). Froggatt

coll., no. 102.

Euryglossa hematura, sp. n.

? —Length about 14 mm., anterior wing 83.

Black, with very scanty pale hair, last two abdominal

segments above and below bright ferruginous, with reddish

hair. Legs very dark reddish, superficially appearing black,

the inner side of tarsi with dense very pale yellowish hair.

Head very large, quadrate ; eyes moderately converging above;

facial fovez deep narrow channels ; mandibles large, curved ;

labrum shining, depressed in middle; clypeus large, smooth

and shining, with scattered small punctures; front closely

punctured ; vertex with large well-separated punctures ;

cheeks large, with punctures of various sizes ; antennz very

dark reddish, the flagellum with a row of fulvous spots

beneath; mesothorax and scutellum shining, with strong

widely separated punctures; area of metathorax smooth;

tegule dark reddish. Wings dusky, reddish ; stigma and

neryures brown ; first r. n. joining second s.m. at a distance

from base nearly equal to length of first t.-c.; outer margin

of basal half of hind tibia strongly dentate; hind spur

finely pectinate. Abdomen dullish, with a hardly noticeable

greenish tinge.

Hab. Walcha, New South Wales, March 20, 1903 (W. IV.

Froggatt, 70).

Resembles £. terminata, Smith, but is very much larger.

Euryglossa geminata, sp. n.

¢.—Length about 9 mm.

Black, with very bright chrome-yellow markings, as

follows: clypeus, transversely semilunar supraclypeal mark,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 19

290 Descriptions and Records of Bees.

broad lateral face-marks (filling space between clypeus and

eye, and ending squarely, hardly at all narrowed, at about

level of upper part of antennal sockets), anterior lateral

corners of mesothorax very broadly, scutellum, postscutellum,

and a very large triangular mark (one side basal) on each

side of second abdominal segment; cheeks (which are

small), pleura, metathorax, legs, and basal part of abdomen

obscurely dark reddish ; face very broad ; clypeus shining,

with scattered unequal punctures; flagellum ochraceous

beneath; front, vertex, and mesothorax dullish with a satiny

lustre ; tubercles very low down on sides of thorax ; tegule

piceous. Wings hyaline; stigma dark reddish, nervures

lighter; first r. n. joining second s.m. at a distance from

base hardly equal to half length of first t.-c.; anterior

femora swollen, their tibiz thick, with a light yellow stripe

in front ; middle tibize with a yellow spot near apex; hind

spur with about six teeth; fifth abdominal segment dorsally

with much dark fuscous hair; apical plate ferruginous,

narrow-spatulate.

Hab. Cheltenham, Victoria, 1909 (French). Froggatt

coll., no. 100.

A member of the E. qguadrimaculata group, wholly dis-

tinct by the peculiar marking of the abdomen.

Euryglossa calliopsella, Ckll.

Two females are from Sydney, New South Wales, Nov. 29,

1910 (W. W. Froggatt, 128).

A male is from Sydney, Dec. 1, 1910 (IW. W. Freggatt,

103). The male, not previously known, differs by the scape

being yellow in front; flagellum thicker, and ‘pointed at

apex ; frontal mark broadly rounded or convex above, and

very broadly joined to supraclypeal; discal yellow stripes of

mesothorax broad and dentate on inner side anteriorly, but

rapidly narrowing, to fail posteriorly; anterior corners of

mesothorax very broadly yellow; scutellum, axille, and

postscutellum yellow ; sides of thorax nearly all yellow, but

a black band from wings to hind legs ; trochanters, femora,

and tibiz bright yellow, anterior femora and tibie with a

dusky mark behind, middle tibiz dark brown on outer side,

hind tibiz outwardly broadly black. Abdomen black dor-

sally, with narrow yellow bands at bases of second and third

segments; venter yellow, with hind margins of segments

brown ; extreme sides with yellow patches ; apex tufted with

fulyous hair, but dorsal hair of fifth and sixth segments

black. The distance of the first r. n. from the base of

second s.m, is variable.

Geological Society. — 291

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

‘March 8th, 1911.—Prof. W. W. Watts, Sc.D., M.Sc., F.R.S.,

President, in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

‘Contributions to the Geology of Cyrenaica.’

By Prof. J. W. Gregory and others.

(ii) Notes on the Kainozoic Mollusca, By Richard Bullen

Newton, F.G.S8.

The Author determines a number of mollusca which are recog-

nized as belonging to various members of the Kainozoic System,

namely, post-Pliocene, Helvetian-Tortonian or Vindobonian, Aqui-

tanian, Priabonian, and Lutetian. The most abundant of the post-

Pliocene series is Cerastoderma edule, a species largely distributed

over Northern Africa and the Mediterranean countries generally.

Among the Helvyetian-Tortonian forms are Alectryonia cf. virleti and

Strombus ef. coronatus—well known in North African rocks of

this age, as well as in those of other Mediterranean regions.

The Aquitanian shells present a relationship to the ‘ Schio-

schichten’ fauna of Northern Italy, and consist mainly of Pectinoid

species, such as Pecten vezzanensis, diquipecten cf. pasinii, and

Spondylus cisalpinus, etc., associated with quipecten zitteli,

Avy. camaretensis, and iq. scabrellus, which are indicative of the

later age—Burdigalian or Helvetian. This admixture of species,

according to Dr. Oppenheim’s memoir on the ‘Schioschichten,’ is

also known in the fauna of those rocks. Foraminiferal organisms

(Operculina, ete.) occur in these beds, but no nummulites. Lepido-

cyclina elephantina, a good Aquitanian species, is found with

Oopecten rotundatus from Birlibah.

The most characteristic of the Priabonian mollusca is Pecten

arcuatus, a species occurring in Northern Italy, the Balearic Islands,

Algeria, Tunis, the Balkan Peninsula, Armenia, etc. A new

species of dvyuzpecten is described. Nummulites abound in these

rocks.

An indeterminable ostreiform shell has been collected in the

neighbourhood of Ain Sciahat, associated with the large Nwmmutlites

gizehensis—thus demonstrating that Lutetian rocks are present in

Cyrenaica. So far as the mollusca are concerned, nothing older

than Lutetian has been observed in this collection.

292 Geological Society.

(iii) Foraminifera, Ostracoda, and Parasitic Fungi from

the Kainozoic Limestones of Cyrenaica. By Frederick

Chapman, A.L.S., F.R.M.S.

This paper describes the foraminifera, ostracoda, and a parasitic

fungus found in the limestones of Cyrenaica. ‘The foraminifera

are mainly from the Middle Eocene; others belong to the Upper

Kocene, and to the Aquitanian or Stampian. The most abundant

foraminifer is Nummulites gizehensis, which is represented in the

Derna Limestones by its typical form, and is there associated with

the typical form and a new variety of NV. curvispira. At a higher

horizon below Ain Sciahat and in the Slonta Downs is a nummu-

litic limestone containing JV. gizchensis, var. lyelli.

Some limestones at Wadi Umzigga contain Lepidocyclina ele-

phantina, and are referred to the Aquitanian or Stampian.

Further details are given of the structure of Orthophragmina

pratti, A new species of Loxoconcha is described. The boring

fungus Paleachyla perforans occurs perforating Lepidocyclina.

(iv) The Fossil Echinoidea of Cyrenaica. By John Walter

Gregory, D.Sc., F.R.S., F.G.S.

The Echinoidea collected in the journey across Cyrenaica are ©

referred to ten species, of which two are new and one is a new

variety. The echinoids come from four horizons: the oldest fauna

belongs to the Middle Eocene ; the Upper Eocene or Priabonian

fauna is represented by an unusually early species of Amphiope,

and by an Echinolampas which is widely distributed through the

country and is referred to the Priabonian E. chericherensis Gauth.

Some echinoids from the Cyrene Limestones are of Aquitanian

affinities, and others seen in the limestone east of Benghazi are

Miocene, ‘The affinities of HWypsoclypeus hemisphericus (Greg.)

are considered. The echinoid faunas show that the Eocene rocks

containing them were, as a whole, deposited in a sea of moderate

depth. The Miocene strata were formed in comparatively shallow

water.

(v) The Foraminiferal Limestones of Cyrenaica. By

David Paterson MacDonald, M.A., B.Sc.

The microscopic examination of the limestones of Cyrenaica

shows that they are all mainly composed of organic material, and

are remarkably free from detrital material. The rocks were laid

down under conditions of quiet sedimentation. Some of them

have been partly dolomitized. The chalky limestones near the

base of the series have been deposited at the greatest depth. The

commonest organisms present are foraminifera, echinoderms in-

cluding holothurian plates, mollusea, and calcareous alge, which in

some specimens form more than half of the whole rock. Some of

the limestones are oolitic.

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[EIGHTH SERIES.

No. 45. SEPTEMBER 1911.

XL.—The Skull of Diademodon, with Notes on those of

some other Cynodonts. By D. M.S. Warson, M.Sc., the

Victoria University of Manchester.

Our knowledge of the skull of Cynodonts dates from 1860,

when Owen described the type specimen of Ga/lesaurus

planiceps ; but our more detailed information depends almost

entirely on the description by the late Prof. H. G. Seeley of

the wonderfully perfect skulls of Gomphognathus and Cyno-

gnathus, which were developed by Mr. R. Hall of the British

Museum under his supervision. More recently Dr. R.

Broom has added something to our knowledge by amending

some of Seeley’s descriptions and by the description of some

new specimens. Quite recently W. K. Gregory, in his

excellent work ‘The Orders of Mammals, has published a

figure of the under surface of a Cynognathus skull drawn from

a plaster cast, with the assistance of figures published by

Seeley and Broom; he has added to this a clear discussion

of its structure, and his description may be regarded as a

summary of what is actually known.

Amongst the specimens obtained by Seeley in South

Africa, which are now in the British Museum, is a small

skull (R. 3587) from Winnaarsbaken in Cape Colony be-

longing to the genus Diademodon. This skull, which is

almost completely undistorted, is preserved in a matrix of

liver-coloured micaceous shale, passing occasionally into a

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 20

292 Geological Society.

(iii) Foraminifera, Ostracoda, and Parasitic Fungi from

the Kainozoic Limestones of Cyrenaica, By Frederick

Chapman, A.L.S., F.R.M.S.

This paper describes the foraminifera, ostracoda, and a parasitic

fungus found in the limestones of Cyrenaica. ‘The foraminifera

are mainly from the Middle Eocene; others belong to the Upper

Eocene, and to the Aquitanian or Stampian. The most abundant

foraminifer is Nummulites gizehensis, which is represented in the

Derna Limestones by its typical form, and is there associated with

the typical form and a new variety of NV. curvispira. At a higher

horizon below Ain Sciahat and in the Slonta Downs is a nummu-

litic limestone containing JV. gizehensis, var. lyelli.

Some limestones at Wadi Umzigga contain Lepidocyclina ele-

phantina, and are referred to the Aquitanian or Stampian.

Further details are given of the structure of Orthophragmina

pratti. A new species of Lowoconcha is described. ‘The boring

fungus Paleachyla perforans occurs perforating Lepidocyclina.

(iv) The Fossil Echinoidea of Cyrenaica. By John Walter

Gregory, D.Sc., F-R.S., F.G.S.

The Echinoidea collected in the journey across Cyrenaica are ©

referred to ten species, of which two are new and one is a new

variety. The echinoids come from four horizons: the oldest fauna

belongs to the Middle Eocene; the Upper Eocene or Priabonian

fauna is represented by an unusually early species of Amphiope,

and by an Echinolampas which is widely distributed through the

country and is referred to the Priabonian EF. chericherensis Gauth.

Some echinoids from the Cyrene Limestones are of Aquitanian

affinities, and others seen in the limestone east of Benghazi are

Miocene, ‘The affinities of Hypsoclypeus hemisphericus (Greg.)

are considered. The echinoid faunas show that the Eocene rocks

containing them were, as a whole, deposited in a sea of moderate

depth. The Miocene strata were formed in comparatively shallow

water.

(v) The Foraminiferal Limestones of Cyrenaica. By

David Paterson MacDonald, M.A., B.Se.

The microscopic examination of the limestones of Cyrenaica

shows that they are all mainly composed of organic material, and

are remarkably free from detrital material. The rocks were laid

down under conditions of quiet sedimentation. Some of them

have been partly dolomitized. The chalky limestones near the

base of the series have been deposited at the greatest depth. The

commonest organisms present are foraminifera, echinoderms in-

cluding holothurian plates, mollusea, and calcareous alge, which in

some specimens form more than half of the whole rock. Some of

the limestones are oolitic,

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[EIGHTH SERIES. }

No. 45. SEPTEMBER 1911.

XL.—The Skull of Diademodon, with Noles on those of

some other Cynodonts. By D. M.S. Warson, M.Sc., the

Victoria University of Manchester.

Our knowledge of the skull of Cynodonts dates from 1860,

when Owen described the type specimen of Galesaurus

planiceps ; but our more detailed information depends almost

entirely on the description by the late Prof. H. G. Seeley of

the wonderfully perfect skulls of Gomphognathus and Cyno-

gnathus, which were developed by Mr. R. Hall of the British

Museum under his supervision. More recently Dr. R.

Broom has added something to our knowledge by amending

some of Seeley’s descriptions and by the description of some

new specimens. Quite recently W. K. Gregory, in his

excellent work ‘The Orders of Mammals, has published a

figure of the under surface of a Cynognathus skull drawn from

a plaster cast, with the assistance of figures published by

Seeley and Broom; he has added to this a clear discussion

of its structure, and his description may be regarded as a

suminary of what is actually known.

Amongst the specimens obtained by Seeley in South

Africa, which are now in the British Museum, is a small

skull (R. 3587) from Winnaarsbaken in Cape Colony be-

longing to the genus Diademodon. This skull, which is

almost completely undistorted, is preserved in a matrix of

liver-coloured micaceous shale, passing occasionally into a

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 20

294 Mr. D. M. S. Watson on

purple and green cornstove much resembling some of those

found in the Herefordshire Old Red Sandstone. This matrix

is comparatively easily removed, and Prof. Seeley cleared

the whole left temporal fossa and orbital cavity and part of

the palate. I have recently further developed the specimen,

removing the matrix surrounding the base and back of the

skull and exposing the teeth, the right quadrate, and the

posterior part of the right side of the brain-case.

This very complete development, with the fact that almost

all the sutures are clearly shown, enables me to correct

some accepted statements and determinations, and to add a

good deal to our knowledge of the more intimate details of

its structure.

I have thought it best to give a connected account of the

structure of the skull, instead of merely pointing out the new

features recognizable in it, because Prof. Seeley’s descriptions,

although, so far as I have personally compared them with

his material, perfectly accurate, are very difficult to follow

without the actual specimens or casts of them at hand.

Description of the Skull R. 3587.

The skull agrees exactly in general characters with that of

Gomphognathus, and I refer it to Diademodon browni, Seeley.

I can see no reasons for generically separating Gompho-

gnathus from Diademodon. ‘Che skull lacks the anterior end,

probably some 3 or 4: centimetres being missing.

General account of the build of the Skull.

Viewed from above the skull is triangular in shape, the

widest part being at the extreme back across the squamosals.

The orbit is of medium size, placed about the middle of the

length of the skull, and facing outwards and partly upwards

and forwards. The postorbital bar is robust and nearly

horizontal in position, and the frontal width is only about

3 of the entire width of the skull in the middle.

The temporal fosse are large and are separated by the

very high and narrow sagittal crest. Posteriorly this crest

divides into two branches, which spread outwards and pass

backwards at an angle of about 90° with one another. These

ridges rapidly drop towards the lower side of the skull as

they pass outwards, and form the inner sides of a pair of

shallow but well-marked grooves, placed almost vertically on

the back of the skull. ‘The outer sides of these grooves are

formed by the zygomatic arches, which rise pari passu with

the occipital crest as they are traced forwards,

the Skull of Diademodon, 295

In the middle of the parietal crest is a very small late ‘ally

compressed pineal foramen. ‘The brain-ease in this region Is

narrow even for a reptile, but it widens posteriorly.

The most striking characters of a side view of the skull

are the depressed form and the fact that the upper surface is

almost flat and parallel to a line joing the teeth to the

articulation of the lower jaw.

The lower border of the orbit is carried out on a rim,

below which the side of the face is depressed. In front of

the orbit is a small lachrymal foramen, and still further

forward two small foramina running into the maxilla

The zygomatic arch is very deep and below the back of the

orbit is carried down as a powerful process which projects a

little outwards from the side of the face.

Posteriorly the zygomatic arch is marked by the presence

of a wide smooth groove leading backwards on to the poste-

rior surface of the skull.

The posterior surface of the skull consists of a median and

two lateral regions ; the median region is triangular, the

base being nearly straight and equal to about twice the

height.

Projecting from the back at the lower border are the two

occipital condyles ; they are small, very small in proportion

to the size of the skull, and well separated by a median

U-shaped notch ; they are not very well preserved.

Lying above the condyles is the small, almost circular

foramen magnum, which was originally surrounded by a

raised rim, notched just above the condyle to form a groove

for the passage of the twelfth nerve.

Placed laterally at about the level of the top of the foramen

magnum are two small openings, well separated from the

middle line; they are the representatives of the post-

temporal fosse. The whole of the back below and between

these fossze is, viewed broadly, flat; outside them the area is

bounded by two deep backwardly turned flanges. Above

the foramen magnum the back of the skull is excavated into

a wide open basin, bounded on each side by the continuations

of the flanges which form the lateral borders of the lower

part of the area and by their union form the parietal crest.

The lateral areas are separated from the median area by

deep V-shaped notches, which end below in the well-defined

nearly vertical groove spoken of in describing the upper

PAV eg

296 Mr. D. M.S. Watson on

surface of the skull. This groove inclines slightly outwards

at its lower end.

The whole of the lateral part of the posterior surface is

formed by the base of the zygoma, and consists of an outer

area curved from above downwards but flat from side to

side, which forms the anterior wall of the groove spoken of

in describing the side view. The inner and posterior sides

of this groove are formed by a powerful flange of bone,

whose other face forms the outer side of the V-shaped notch

separating the median from the lateral part of the occipital

plate.

The most striking feature of a ventral view of the skull is

the small size of the palate. The posterior nares are of very

large size, being both wide and deep; they are bounded

below by the posterior edges of the secondary palate, which

is formed by the ingrow th of ridges from the almost vertical

anterior plates of the palatines.

The two rows of flattened teeth are nearly parallel ante-

riorly, but separated widely on each side of the posterior

nares. The hinder border of the secondary palate is con-

tinued by a ridge which passes backwards to the level of the

last molar, where it subsides into the general level; just

external to it at this point isasmall suborbital foramen. In

this region the teeth are carried down on a ridge of the

maxilla below the general level of the palate. Just behind

this region are two enormous descending flanges, with flat

outer surfaces, which during life were closely applied to the

inner surface of the low er jaw.

Between the flanges the palate is divided into three

grooves, separated by rounded ribs. These ribs approach

one another as they are traced. backward, becoming at the

same time more distinct and narrower, ‘and finally ending

between the descending flanges in a pair of well- marked

processes.

The median groove is divided by a thin rib, which rises in

front to become a deep but still very slender ‘plate, partially

dividing the posterior nares. The two lateral grooves each

contain a small foramen.

Behind the flanges the palate becomes very narrow,

forming a bar bearing on its lower surface a strong ridge

which separates two small grooves which lead anteriorly 1uto

the lateral channels of the ‘palate.

On the outside of these grooves lies a pair of rounded

the Skull of Diademodon. 297

hollows which run along the ridge backwards until they are

suddenly terminated by deep fosse.

The median ridge continues backwards until, at a point

about halfway to the occipital condyles, it suddenly widens

and splits into two, which form the lateral borders of a

triangular area bounded behind by the occipital surface of

the skull. This area is somewhat depressed on each side of

the middle line, and its postero-lateral angles are excavated

by very deep pits.

S. < 3 xr AuM.,

SSS SS

—

Fig. 1.—Diademodon browni, R. 3587. Upper surface. x 1. 4

digastric groove; Ev.au.M., external auditory meatus; 2t,.,

frontal; J.Par., interparietal; Ju., jugal; Lac., lachrymal; Mz.,

maxilla; Na., nasal; Par., parietal; Pet., petrosal; P.Fr., pre-

frontal; Pin., pineal foramen; Pt., pterygoid; Pt. Par.Foss., pterygo-

paroccipital foramen ; Sq., squamosal,

On each side in this region is a deep fossa opening ante-

riorly into the brain-cavity, and passing outwards laterally

to terminate at the beginning of the great smooth groove on

the root of the zygomatic arch. This fossa is the tympanic

cavity.

298 Mr. D. M. S. Watson on

Structure of the Skull.

The basioceipital and basisphenoid are so fused that the

suture between them cannot be seen (fig. 3).

The basioecipital part of the combined bone is probably

very short ; it is thin from above downwards, and its lateral

borders are indistinguishably fused with the exoccipitals.

These latter bones are fused with the perioties, which form

one mass of bone in which no sutures are visible.

The foramen magnum is surrounded by bone in which no

sutures are to be seen. The sutures separating this ring

from the surrounding bones are, however, quite clear

(fig. 4).

Vig. 2.—Diademodon browni, R. 3587 and R. 3588. Side view. Refer-

ences as in fig. 1, with V41-11, foramen for exit of second and third

branches of the V. nerve; II, III, IV, V1, VI, notch for the exit of

these nerves.

The paroccipital processes, presumably belonging to the

opisthotics as in Sphenodon, form the lower part of the back

of theskull; their ventral border is nearly straight, but dips

down somewhat at the outer ends. Their posterior surface

is flat, and they are bounded above by a notch which forms

the lower border of the very small post-temporal fossa; on

the inner side of the notch they are united by jagged suture

with the parietals. The paroccipital processes are of trian-

gular section, their forward face being excavated by a groove

which forms the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity (fig. 3).

the Skull of Diademodon. 299

The outer end of the process is expanded and strongly

united with the squamosal by a wide (flat?) face; on the

back of the skull it is also touched by a descending plate

from the parietal, which passes down on the inner side of the

squamosal behind and outside the small post-temporal fossa

(fig. 4).

Fig. 7.

ei)

Gin \'

i i A

MY ir ™

IR KK }

=e PAA;

W\\) f Cs Far:

Vie. 3—Diademodon browni, R. 3587. xX 1. From below. References

as in figs, 1 and 2, with, in addition: fijug., foramen jugula» -

Par.oc., paroccipital process; Pal., palatine; Qu., quadrate;_«.,

vomer.

Fig. 7.—Diademodon brownt, R. 3587. xX 1. Right quadrate from in

front.

The supra-occipital is not separated from the exoccipitals,

but no doubt forms the upper border of the foramen magnum.

Articulating with its upper edge by a jagged suture is the

interparietal; this, so far as it can be seen, is a thin

squamous bone bent along its mid-ventral line and lying

wedged in between the posterior flanges of the parietals ; it

forms a large area of the median division of the back of the

300 Mr. D. M. S. Watson on

Post. Tem. Foss#

pe WN

Pt. Par Foss. 0

Fig. 4.—Diademodon browni, R. 8587. X 1. From the back. References

as in the preceding figures, with: for.mag., foramen magnum;

Post. Tem. Foss., posterior temporal fossa.

Fig. 5.—Diademodon browni, R. 3587. Side view of brain-case, the

zygoma being supposed removed. _ st.ca.,, “sinus canal.”

Fig. 6.— Diademodon browni, R. 3587. xX 1. Right tympanic cavity

from below and the right. B.Sp., basisphenoid ; fen.vest., fenestra

vestibuli; Pit.7., pituitary fossa.

Fig. 8.—Diademodon polyphagus, type specimen. Left quadrate and

swrounding bones from below

the Skull of Diademodon. 301

skull, and also appears as a small arrow-head-shaped bone at

the extreme back of the parietal ridge in a dorsal view of the

skull (fig. 1).

The two parietals appear to remain distinct in the skull

under consideration ; they unite in a sagittal suture along

the posterior half of the parietal crest which separates the

great temporal foss ; anteriorly they separate very slightly

and form the pineal foramen ; it appears probable that their

anterior ends were separated by very narrow lamine of the

frontals, and terminated some 3 or 4 millimetres in advance

of the foramen, but this is not quite certain (fig. 1).

For about 1 centimetre behind the pineal foramen the

parietal is supported on its outer face by a very thin and

quite shallow splint of postfrontal (tig. 5).

The parietal in this region is a gently curved plate of bone

falling down on the side of the brain-cavity until it meets

the upper border of the columella cranii in a very long

suture; it appears to be certain that this union extends

forwards quite to the back of tiie orbit, passing forwards

well underneath the frontal. Along or just above the junc-

tion of the parietal and columella lies a deep well-rounded

groove, the anterior part of which is, when perfectly pre-

served, covered by a thin lamina descending from the

parietals. At a point about 1 cm. behind the pineal foramen

this groove receives a large oval and backwardly directed

foramen, which must lead into the brain-cavity ; this fora-

men appears to be bounded below by the columella and

pro-otic. Behind this region the parietal is formed by a

very thin, almost flat plate which passes outward and back-

ward. The upper part of this plate is supported behind by

the interparietal; lower down it is freely exposed on the

posterior surface of the skull and is united by suture with

the supra- and exoccipitals; it forms the upper border of

the small post-temporal fossa, and sends down a thin flange

outside the fossa in contact with the distal end of the par-

occipital process (fig. 4).

On the outer face this plate is overlapped by a thin process

of the squamosal which runs forwards to within 14 cm. of

the junction of the sagittal and coronary crests. On its

anterior face this plate is seen to unite with the pro-otic part

of the periotic as far back as the post-temporal fossa ; along

this junction it bears a deep rounded groove, continuing that

found further forwards; this groove opens into the post-

temporal fossa (fig. 5). The free edge of the parietal along

the sagittal and coronary crests is marked with small muscle

302 Mr. D. M. S. Watson on

insertions pointing forwards and downwards into the tem-

poral fossa, and its surface bears faint furrows with the same

trend.

The periotics and basisphenoid are not separated by recog-

nizable sutures, and are therefore almost necessarily described

together.

The under surface of the basisphenoid is slightly concave ;

it bears a low median ridge and also two curious and feebly

marked pits which do not appear to lead into foramina

(fig. 3).

At the extreme back the basisphenoid, with the periotic,

exoccipital, and basioccipital, forms a large deep pit on each

side; these pits are provided with a small channel leading

outwards and downwards, aud also receive at least two fora-

mina—a large foramen leading upwards and presumably

opening into the brain-cavity directly, and a very small

foramen which opens into the pit at the back just in front

and rather to the outside of the occipital condyle; this last

foramen appears to traverse the very thin lamina of ex-

occipital which forms the posterior wall of the pit at this

point, and open by a minute foramen just outside the

condyle.

It is probable that the large foramen is further divided,

but the matrix filling the cavity is too hard to admit of

further development.

The outer wall of this pit is thin and forms part of a more

or less vertically placed area (fig. 6). This area is divisible

into two—a small oval space, whose long axis lies almost

horizontally but slightly depressed in front, which forms a

deep hollow whose bottom is penetrated by a small nearly

circular foramen, less than 2 mm. in diameter, which can

only be the fenestra vestibuli seu ovale.

The other part of the area is rather more vertically placed,

lies dorsal to the oval space, and is not well preserved.

The whole area is separated by a very distinct rectangular

corner from the smooth, concave, cylindrical face of the

paroccipital process.

In front of this area the basisphenoid and the periotice form

a smooth vertically placed face, inclining strongly inwards

anteriorly ; this face is pierced by a foramen just in front of

the area surrounding the fenestra vestibuli, This very

small foramen can only have transmitted the seventh nerve.

The auterior border of this vertical face is made by a deep

notch, above which the bone is continued as a long process

(fig. 6). This notch is undoubtedly the hypapophysiai fossa,

for the pituitary and the internal ecarotids no doubt entered

the Skull of Diademodon, 303

by its freely open sides. Anteriorly to the pituitary fossa

the basis cranii 1s continued by a very thin deep plate (now

pierced in the specimen by an artificial hole) which is visible

for about 1 cm.

The long upwardly directed processes are either exaggerated

posterior clinoid processes—an interpretation which is

supported by a specimen of Cynognathus described later on

—or they are homologous with the processi anteriores infe-

riores of the pro-otics of Sphenodon.

Outside the foramen for the nervus facialis the periotic

bears a strong process which articulates by a suture with the

posterior ramus of the pterygoid ; this process has a notch

anteriorly and interiorly and another posteriorly and exter-

ually ; the anterior of these notches is not completed into a

foramen, but the posterior forms, with the paroccipital

process, the pterygoid, and a small process of the squamosal,

a comparatively large oval foramen, the pterygo-paroccipital

foramen (fig. 3).

Rising from this pterygoid process of the periotic is a

plate of bone which unites above with the parietal and is

provided with a thin lamina which covers the groove already

described lying at or near the junction of these two bones.

Posteriorly this bone passes directly into the anterior face of

the paroccipital process, which is somewhat excavated, so as

to form a wide groove leading from the pterygo-paroccipital

foramen to the post-temporal fossa. This groove is roofed

in front by a thin process which arises from the outer face

of the periotic and passes backwards and outwards as a

continuation of the covering of the parieto-periotic groove

to meet a similar process of the squamosal,

The anterior border of this pro-otie part. of the periotic

has asutural union with the posterior border of the upper

part of the columella cranii, from which it is separated lower

down by a foramen; this foramen, the posterior border of

which is formed by a notch, tle incisura pro-oticum of the

periotic, must have transmitted one or more branches of the

VY. nerve; its posterior border is smooth, and leads into a

groove which passes backwards and outwards to the pterygo-

paroccipital foramen ; this groove is roofed by a thin lamina

from the periotic, which joins with that which covers the

groove between the pterygo-paroccipital foramen and the

post-temporal fossa (fig. 5).

The whole of this system of laminz covering grooves is

perfectly preserved on the right side of the skull, but has

been destroyed on the left side, so that the grooves them-

selves are visible.

306 Mr. D. M. 8. Watson on

This tongue is continued down below the articulation with

the paroccipital process as a flange standing out behind it;

its continuation on the ventral surface forms a low ridge

just outside the paroccipital process (fig. 3). External to

this ridge lies a large smoothly rounded groove which begins

at a roughened ridge crossing the bone just outside of the

paroccipital process, and curves upwards, outwards, and as it

approaches the top of the skull forwards, until it issues on

the side of the skull towards the top.

The anterior border of the groove is formed by a mode-

rately stout plate of bone, which gives rise to a small in-

wardly directed process separating the end of the paroccipital

process from that of the pterygoid (fig. 3). This plate of

bone, whose lower border is straight and horizontal in

position, bears two deep notches below, and has a triangular

depression on its anterior face ; these features are connected

with the fixation of the quadrate.

External to the outer and larger of the two notches the

lower surface of the bone is very strongly roughened and the

thin lower edge of the plate expands and is split for articu-

lation with the jugal. This plate, which carries the quadrate,

is continued upwards and forwards, being closely united

with the jugal until it ends about 1 cm. behind the orbit ina

point received in a deep groove in that bone.

Outside the extreme posterior end of the jugal is another

flange, forming the outer border of the groove on the

squamosal; this surrounds the posterior side of the jugal,

which is thus wedged into a slit in the former bone.

The anterior face of the splint of squamosal, which runs

forward along the parietal, gives off a thin lamina, which

unites with the similar process of the periotic to cover the

groove leading from the pterygo-paroccipital foramen to the

post-temporal fossa.

Jugal.—The jugal is a very large bone which forms a large

part of the zygoma; it is surrounded by the squamosal

above and behind, and its extreme posterior end is of trian-

gular section and is received in a slit in the squamosal

(figs. 1 & 2). At the anterior end of the zygomatic arch

it is produced outwards and downwards in a_ powerful

process.

The jugal apparently forms at least half of the border of

the orbit, running forward beneath it until it is overlapped

and suturally united with the lachrymal. ‘This anterior part

of the jugal is united by a jagged suture with the maxilla

along the whole of its lower border ; it sends a palatal process

the Skull of Diademodon. 307

inwards which is bounded by the maxilla, transverse bone,

and very slightly by the pterygoid in a ventral view, but is

largely covered by the pterygoid dorsally (fig. 3).

How much of the postorbital bar is formed by the jugal

is uncertain.

Ectopterygoid.—The transverse bone is a very small

L-shaped bone, united by a rather loose suture with the

pterygoid, bounded laterally by the jugal and anteriorly by

a short contact with the maxilla and a rather longer one

with the palatine.

Its inner border at the corner of the L forms the outer

and posterior edges of the very small suborbital foramen ;

the rest of the lower limb of the bone is joined by the

palatine.

The bone appears to be completely overlaid dorsally by

the pterygoid.

Palatine.—The palatines are widely separated from one

another by the vomer (fig. 38). Each may be described

as consisting of two parts, the main body of the bone and

the secondary plate. The body of the bone is an almost

vertically placed plate of bone united below to the vomer and

forming the side wall of the great canal of the posterior

nares. The postero-lateral corner of this plate is reflected

upwards so as to be nearly horizontal in positicn, and unites

with the pterygoid and transverse bone. The lower border

of this bone stands up as a ridge lying parallel to and just

within the teeth ; it is continuous with the posterior border

of the secondary plate of the palatine. The secondary

plates of the palatines form together the floor of the narial

passage, and their posterior borders meet at a circular angle

of about 100°.

The scondary plate bears a patch of very small irregular

granules which appear to have enamelled tips; these lie near

the middle line and towards the Lack. There seems to be

little doubt that these granules are homologous with the

palatal teeth described by Seeley in Cynognathus. The

secondary plates of the palatines unite in front with the

similar plates of the maxillz, but I cannot be certain of the

sutures.

Mawilla.—The waxille are broken off anteriorly, but their

posterior relations are well shown. Each Coin of a

massive alveolar part which receives the roots of the molar

308 Mr. D. M. S. Watson on

teeth, a thin plate forming part of the side of the face,

a secondary palatal plate and a smail ascending process

within the orbit (fig. 2}.

The alveolar part is supported internally by the vertical

plate of the palatine as far back as the transverse bone ; just

in front of this last bone its inner edge turns outwards, has a

short contact with the transverse and an extensive one with

the palatal process of the jugal. The facial part of the bone

does not enter into the rim of the orbit, but is connected by

sutures with the jugal, lachrymal, prefrontal, and nasal. It

is pierced by two small foramina opening forwards and out-

wards ; these apparently represent the pre-lachrymal foramen

of mammals.

The inner edge of the alveolar part of the bone in its

anterior half sends inwards a secondary plate similar to, and

united with, the secondary plate of the palatine.

The inner edge of the dorsal surface of the alveolar part

of the maxilla, justin front of and within the orbit, seems to

send up a small process to meet a corresponding process

from the prefrontal ; it is, however, just possible that this

process really belongs to the palatine.

Dentition (fig. 3).—The dentition is of the type of that of

Diademodon or Gomphognathus. All the teeth preserved

belong to the molar series, which is incomplete. On the

left side nine teeth are preserved, which I shall number 1-9,

the first being in front.

I object to the division of the molar series of Gompho-

donts into premolars and molar, because premolar teeth in

mammals are, by definition, those which foilow milk-teeth,

and probably belong to a later series than the permanent

teeth. There is no evidence whatever of tooth-change in

the molar teeth of Cynodonts.

Teeth 1-3 are all of similar character; their crowns are

oval, nearly as long as they are wide, very closely pressed

tegether and worn to a smooth gently convex surface.

Tooth 4 is best preserved on the right side. It is broadiy

oval, being 8 mm. across and nearly 5 long. The whole

centre of the crown of the tooth is worn down into a wide

longitudinally running groove, which is bounded both

externally and internally by a pair of somewhat broken

cusps.

the Skull of Diademodon. 309

The 5th tooth is, with the exception of the inner cusp,

well preserved on both sides; it closely resembles 4, but

the outer cusp forms a ridge along the outer border of the

tooth, which shows faint indications of division into a number

of small crenations.

The 6th tooth, best preserved on the left side, is longer

and narrower than the 5th; it has a tendency to a triangular

section, being rather shorter on the inner side than

externally.

The outer cusp borders the usual groove and posteriorly

is provided with two very small crenations. The posterior

surface of the cusp on the right side shows a groove con-

tinuing a very deep notch in the succeeding tooth: this

groove is placed vertically and faces directly backwards.

The 7th tooth has a very powerful external cusp, which

gives origin to a ridge running across the tooth to a low

cusp on the inner edge. In advance of this ridge the tooth

has a well-marked furrow, which is the continuation of that

on the posterior side of the 6th tooth.

Behind this ridge and somewhat to the outer side of the

tooth is another furrow, pointing backwards and standing

nearly vertically; this groove furrows the outer cusp on its

posterior surface.

Tooth 8 has a very strong cusp on the outer side, con-

tinuing the curve formed by the outer pair of the anterior

teeth ; from this cusp, which has a powerfully crenated

posterior edge, a very small lobe projects inwards. This

Jobe is worn downwards so as to continue the groove at the

back of tooth 7. This groove has only an outer wall formed

by a worn surface on the strong upstanding outer cusp.

The inner lobe is restricted to the front of the tooth and gives

it a triangular section.

The last tooth, best preserved on the right side, has a

high, powerful, strongly crenated and backwardly bent cusp,

which shows no sign of wear; on the inner surface of this

cusp a very small inner cusp also unworn, and at the back

an equally small posterior cusp.

The form and direction of the worn grooves on these

teeth strongly suggest that there was some slight rodent-

like longitudinal motion of the lower jaw. Seeley. from

the study of the very similar but less well-preserved

dentition of Gomphognathus polyphagus, had already reached

the same conclusion.

Vomer (fig. 3).—The vomer forms the roof of the narial

Ann. & Mag. N. Llist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 21

310 Mr. D. M. 8. Watson on

passage and by a deep but very narrow median ridge

partially divides the posterior nares ; its lateral borders are

joined by the palatines, and further back by the pterygoids ;

the sutures separating these bones from the vomer run along

anteriorly just below and within the summits of the rounded

ridges which mark out the median area of the palate ;

posteriorly the sutures cross these ridges and are lost.

The dorsal surface of the vomer has a strong but very

narrow median ridge, which is directly continuous with the

ridge of the front part of the basisphenoid.

Quadrate (figs. 8 & 7).—The right quadrate is well

exposed from in front, below and partly from behind. It

consists of a thin vertical plate received in the triangular

hollow on the front face of the squamosal. This plate has

a thickened lower border which is the actual articulating

surface ; it is marked by a low and obscure ridge towards the

outer side.

This plate carries two backwardly directed processes, each

a thin vertical plate, the outer, which is situated very near

to the extreme outer edge of the whole bone, being the

larger. These two processes are received in the two notches

of the articular edge of the squamosal. A fracture during

development showed conditions suggesting the presence of a

small foramen piercing the quadrate from back to front,

just above the lower margin and between the two posterior

processes.

A specimen described later in this paper shows that this

quadrate is incomplete, a very thin inwardly directed process

being lost, certainly before fossilization.

Frontal (fig. 1).—The frontals meet one another in a long

median symphysis running forward from the pineal foramen.

Each frontal is united by suture with the postfrontal and

sends back a narrow process between the thin film of

parietal in advance of the pineal foramen and the middle

line.

The frontal also articulates with the prefrontal and nasal

and does not enter into the orbit. The under surface is

not exposed.

Postfrontal (figs. 1, 2, & 5).—The postfrontal forms part

of the postorbital bar, which is massive and has a flattened

upper surface with a distinct groove leading inwards to the

depressed area of the frontals. The lower face of the post-

orbital bar is rounded.

the Skuil of Diademodon, 3h

The postfrontal sends a process backwards along the

outer face of the parietal and ventrally bears a continuation

of this process, which in effect continues the brain-case and

no doubt gives protection to the olfactory nerves. The

suture separating the postfrontal from the jugal cannot be

seen.

Prefrontal (figs. 1 & 2).—The prefrontal is a large bone

forming about one-quarter of the orbital margin; it unites

by sutures with the postfrontal, frontal, nasal,and lachrymal.

It has a powerful orbital plate, forming part of the front

wall of the orbit and uniting with the corresponding plate of

the lachrymal ; this plate also reaches down to touch the

upwardly directed process of the maxilla or palatine.

Lachrymal (fig. 2).—The lachrymal isa smaller bone than

the prefrontal ; it forms the front of the orbit and sends a

long orbital ramus back over the dorsal surface of the

palatal process of the jugal, so as to form a good deal of the

floor of the orbit.

The lachrymal bears two small grooves leading over the

rim of the orbit, which-are separated by a low rounded

process with a rough summit. Lowdown on the facial part

of the bone is a lachrymal foramen of moderate size, and

within the orbit in the orbital plate two more small

foramina.

Nasals (fig. 1)—The remaining parts of the nasals show

nothing of interest ; they broaden posteriorly and unite with

the frontals, prefrontals, lachrymals, and maxille.

There still remains to be considered a remarkable bone

exposed only in transverse section on the broken end of the

snout. As seen here it is a single median bone of oval

section, narrow from side to side and standing close above

the secondary plates of the maxilla, but not in contact with

them.

I shall discuss this bone further in connection with other

specimens.

Description of part of a Lower Jaw which probably belongs

to the same individual as the Skull described above.

R. 3588 is a fragment of the anterior part of the lower

jaw of a Diademodon which is preserved in the same rather

unusual matrix as the skull I have described above, and

Oi kg

312 Mr. D. M. S. Watson on

agrees exactly with it in size and in the state of wear of the

teeth ; ; it seems certainly to belong to the same individual

(fig. 2),

The jaw is remarkable for its thoroughly mammalian

character. The two rami are indistinguishably fused at the

symphysis, the upper surface of which is deeply grooved

posteriorly.

The number of incisors is not definitely shown, but there

appear to be three alveoli on each side. The only tooth

preserved is the 3rd left incisor, which is rather broken ; it

appears to have a simple, conical, rather blunt crown.

The left canine is the better preserved ; it is a powerful

tooth of oval section, showing on the outer side in the lower

unenamelled region a shallow groove. The anterior edge of

the tooth bears a low faintly crenulated ridge, the posterior

edge has a narrow worn face.

Behind the canine is a diastema of moderate length which

shows nothing remarkable, there being no trace of any worn-

down cheek-teeth such as Seeley described in “ Diaste-

modon.” On the left side 8 cheek-teeth are preserved, one

being solely represented by its alveolus. On this side the

teeth are very uniform in character, being all almost circular

cylinders with horizontally worn tops. Their worn summits

lie on a circle which is concave upwards.

On the right side the dentition is abnormal ; the first

tooth is low, its worn surface lying some 5 mm. below that

of the second, the second and third are simple cylinders

with a flat top, but the fourth has the posterior part of its

crown worn down obliquely. The fifth is a knob witha

rounded crown, and the sixth has a very deep groove on its

anterior edge. The seventh has a flat, much-worn crown

and is quite similar to the corresponding tooth of the

opposite side,

The eighth tooth on the left side shows the very deep root

closed below.

No trace of any bone except the dentary is to be seen in

this fragment of jaw.

Description of some other Specimens which add to our

knowledge of the Cynodont Skull.

Gomphognathus polyphagus, Seeley.

Although Prof. Seeley’s description of the type skull of

Gomphoonathus polyphagus is essentially complete and

the Skull of Diademodon. 313

accurate, examination of it in the light of the new skull

which I have described above shows some new features :——

1. A septo-maxillary is plainly seen in the left nostril; it

has been largely chiselled away on the right side. It forms

a small part of the border of the back of the anterior nares,

being wedged in between the premaxilla and the nasal.

It has an anterior process which runs along on the pre-

maxilla, forming a narrow floor to the nostril. The bone

bears a small knob, which suggests a horizontal division of

the nostril.

2. The transpalatine is very plainly seen, the sutures

separating it from other bones, although close, being in-

filtrated with red. It occupies the same position as in the

Diademodon skull and has the same relations, but has a

rather larger palatal extension.

3. The left quadrate is well shown (fig. 8); it agrees

closely with that described above, but has preserved a long,

slender, inwardly directed process which is tightly applied to

the inner and posterior face of the posterior ramus of the

pterygoid. The relationship of this process to the pterygoid

is the exact reverse of that which obtains in Sphenodon and

other primitive Diapsids.

4, The side of the brain-case is fairly well shown and

agrees exactly with that described above.

5. The continuity of the dorsal ridges of the vomer and

anterior part of the basisphenoid, which was not quite

established by the skull already described, seems to be

demonstrated by this specimen.

Diademodon sp.

R. 3605 is the imperfect anterior part of a Diademodon

skull which was cut into slabs by Prof. Seeley.

It shows excellently the teeth and the relations of some of

the bones of the palate.

In the region immediately behind the secondary palate

the palatines are clearly seen as thin vertical plates tightly

adpressed to the inner sides of the alveolar parts of the

maxilla. The vomer is displaced but still remains attached

to the left palatine ; it is high up in the skull, well above the

level of the bottom of the narial passage. As it is traced

forward it keeps this elevation until it finally disappears.

In this region the secondary plates of the palatines come

close together and meet. In this same region also begins a

single median bone of oval section, much higher than wide.

This bone can be traced forward, lying just dorsal to the

314 Mr. D. M. S. Watson on

secondary plates of the palatines and maxill, with which it

is not in contact, until on the anterior end of the specimen

it is seen to have acquired a U-shaped section, being

channelled on the upper surface.

This bone is very difficult of interpretation. It is a quite

constant feature of all Diademodon skulls, in fact of the

skull of all higher Cynodonts.

It appears to be pretty certainly the bone which im the

type skull of Gomphognathus polyphagus projects between

the palatal processes of the premaxillee on to the palate.

Broom has suggested that this bone is here paired, a

suggestion which receives some support from its appearance,

but in the light of the other specimens described appears to

be fallacious. If it is not paired it cannot be a prevomer as

Broom has suggested. It is also certainly not the anterior

end of the vomer, because in the specimen under consideration

it is undisturbed, whilst the vomer is crushed out of place.

It can apparently only be an ossification developed in the

narial septum.

In these sections the teeth are beautifully shown : they

are inserted in a completely mammalian fashion by deep

V-shaped roots, inclosing a small pulp-cavity which is closed

below. There appears to be absolutely no trace of succes-

sional teeth.

The teeth in the lower jaw are always narrower than those

in the upper jaw. Anteriorly one of them is shown which,

like the anterior teeth described by Dr. Broom in Diade-

modon mastacus, has a high, bluutly poimted, and enamelled

crown.

Cynognathus sp.

R. 2572 of the British Museum collection is the undis-

torted back of the skull of a Cynognathus which has already

been described by Seeley. Seeley suggested that it might

belong to Cynognathus berry; but there appears to be no

reason why it should not really belong to C. crateronotus,

all differences from the type skull of the latter being

explicable as due to crushing.

The specimen is broken off anteriorly just behind the

columelle cranii, but shows very well all the bones of the

brain-case behind that plane. The structure agrees exactly

in general features with that which I have already described

in Diademodon.

The basi-, ex-, and supraoccipitals are all fused and be-

tween them surround the small, almost circular, foramen

magnum. A well-marked suture starts in the middle of the

the Skull of Diademodon. 315

inner edge of the post-temporal fossa, which is relatively

bigger than in //iademodon, passes straight inwards, about

halfway to the foramen magnum and then turns vertically :

it rises well above the foramen magnum and is then lost.

This suture separates the parietal from the exoccipital,

supraoccipital, and interparietal.

The paroccipital processes are powerful and their anterior

faces are weathered away so as to show the structure.

Slight differences in this structure and on the left side an

apparent suture suggest that each process is composed of

two parts, an upper and smaller, which is probably the

exoccipital, and a lower the opisthotic.

The bone forming the upper part of the post-temporal

fussa is the parietal, and the suture which separates it from

the pro-otic part of the periotic is plainly visible on both

sides.

Along the suture runs a deep groove, and a broken area

along the top of the pro-otic shows that this was formerly

covered by a lamina, just as in Diademcdon. In the suture

is a small foramen opening outwards and backwards. The

broken edge on the pro-otic is continued outwards and

downwards so as to show that there was formerly a strong

lamina covering the groove leading from the pterygo-

paroccipital foramen to the post-temporal fossa.

-The pro-otic bears a comparatively small process for

articulation with the pterygoid.

The deep pit lying just external to and in front of the

condyle is very large and well shown; it has apparently

four foramina opening into it :—

1. A small foramen passing directly backwards just above

the condyle.

2. A large foramen opening into the very bottom of the

pit.

3. A small foramen opening forward.

4. A small foramen opening inwards,

Immediately to the outside and slightly in front of the

pit is the fenestra vestibuli, an oval hole about five milli-

metres across. Except on the side towards the pit the

fenestra is surrounded by a wide flat area,

Slightly im advance of the fenestra vestibuli lies the small

oval toramen for the facial nerve ; and from it a narrow

groove, presumably a suture, passes upwards and forwards

to cut the upper surface of the basisphenoid above the

posterior rin of the pituitary fossa. This suture separates

the pro-otic region of the periotic from the basisphenoid.

On the front end of the specimen the posterior face of the

316 Mr. D. M. S. Watson on

pituitary fossa is well shown ; it has a vertical surface nearly

a centimetre square ; and broken triangular areas show the

former presence of posterior clinoid processes. The posterior

wall of the fossa is not pierced by any openings, so that the

carotids must have entered it by passing along the sides of

the basisphenoid.

Below the fossa is a large broken area, whence the basi-

sphenoid was once continued to form its floor.

Prof. Seeley correctly identified the pit as the foramen

jugulare and the fenestra vestibuli of this specimen, but I

cannot accept the rest of his description of the bones of the

brain-case.

Cynognathus crateronotus, Seeley.

A re-examination of the skull of the type specimen shows

that the whole structure agrees very closely in all essential

details with that of the Diademodon skull. Many of the

sutures of the brain-case are visible and give further support

to those described in the latter genus. The system of

grooves over the brain-case is exactly as in Diademodon, but

the lamine covering them have been largely destroyed

during the development of the specimen.

In two particulars the skull adds to our present know-

ledge :—

1. There is a somewhat faint but quite definite jagged

suture crossing the triangular area on the underside of the

basisphenoid. This suture is quite unlike the straight

suture which one expects between two cartilage bones, such

as the basioccipital and the basisphenoid, and has much

more resemblance to the overlap of a membrane bone on to

a cartilage bone.

It is probable that it is really the back of the vomer,

which would then have, as Broom has already pointed out,

all the relations of a mammalian vomer or of a reptilian

parasphenoid.

2. The process of the squamosal which lies on the front

side of the occipital plate of the parietal is marked by

muscular insertions and impressions, which do not point

down into the temporal fossa, but backwards towards the

corner of the y separating the median from the lateral

regions of the occiput.

The significance of this curious feature will be discussed

later.

“ Theromus.’’

The impression of the hinder part of a small skull which

Seeley found at Klipfontein and described as Theromus? is

the Skull of Diademodon. 317

of such interest that, although almost certainly a Thero-

cephalian and not a Cynodont, it is described here.

The evidence for its Therocephalian nature is of two

kinds :—

Ist. ‘The locality is said by Broom to be in rocks of

Permian age.

2nd. The size of the non-dentary elements of the lower

jaw and many other details of its structure show that it is

more primitive than any known Cynodont.

It is probably the most instructive Therocephalian skull

known, although it is only represented by an impression in

hard sandstone, and the structure is only intelligible in

artificial impressions taken from it.

Prof. Seeley’s description is quite accurate, but some

further details may be made out.

The bones of the basis cranii are seen from above (fig. 9).

The occipital condyle is not well shown and its left side

has been destroyed ; it seems, however, to have been at least

incipiently double.

/p\ Pe.

TM, Par,

W,ViW Vy ie

hin Yy Car.

V2 JNO) Pe.

Fig. 9.—* Theromus,” Dorsal surface of the bones of the basis cranii

and palate. Car, foramen for internal carotid ; Int.ear., opening to

internal ear

Just in front of it is a small foramen, probably for the

12th nerve.

In front of this again is a much larger foramen leading

outwards and backwards; this is no doubt the foramen

jugulare. Lying just in front of the foramen jugulare on

on each side is the great opening leading into the inner ear.

This opening, which was of course closed by a membrane

during life, is relatively larger than in any recent reptile

except Sphenodon.

318 Mr. D. M. S. Watson on

This appears to be a very primitive character,

In Sphenodon and in all ordinary reptiles with which Iam

acquainted the inner ear lies to the side of the brain-cavity

and not at all below it. The opening into the inner ear, if

one exists in the dried skull as in Sphenodon and Chelonia,

forms a great hole in the side wall of the brain-case.

In the skull of Zheromus, however, this opening faces

downwards and is largely on the lower surface of the brain-

case, so that the inner ear lies below the level of the bottom

of the brain.

This remarkable character probably depends on that

great reduction of the quadrate, and of all the bones which

he below the opisthotics, which occurs in and characterizes

the Therapsids. What was the origin of this reduction we

do not know, and in the present state of our knowledge of

early Therapsids it is useless to speculate ; but the change in

the position of the ear was of great importance, for it rendered

possible that gradual enlargement of the brain which is the

dominating factor of the evolution of mammals. Only in this

skull and in mammals is the inner ear known to lie below

or level with the base of the brain.

In advance of the auditory region is a notch, the incisura

pro-oticum, for the last branch of the trigeminus. Just

in front of this notch he two low processes, presumably

processi anteriores inferiores pro-oticorum. Still further to

the froat lies the small deep pit which Seeley regarded as a

carotid canal, a view which may very possibly be correct :

it might, however, have lodged a small pituitary process.

Just in advance of this region the posterior rami of the

pterygoids pass out from the sides of the basisphenoid

towards the quadrates. They are not supported by a process

from the periotic as they are in Diademodon and Cynognathus.

From their upper surfaces just after they leave the basi-

sphenoid rise small processes, which are undoubtedly the

bases of the columelle cranii, here only very short antero-

posteriorly. In front of them is a smooth wide groove,

which prebably marks the point of exit of the IJ., LL, 1V.,

V.!, and VI. nerves.

The anterior end of the basisphenoid ends in a very sharp

high ridge, which is most probably the beginning of a para-

sphenoidal rostrum,

As Seeley states, the quadrate appears to be recog-

nizable on the right side ; it is comparatively large, but not

well enough shown to be describable.

The squamosals show the presence of a small post-temporal

fossa, of a wide and shallow V-shaped notch separating the

the Skull of Diademodon. 319

median and lateral areas of the occiput, and are further

remarkable for the possession of large backwardly directed

plates similar to those of Dicranozygoma leptoscelus, although

apparently much less developed.

The occurrence of a definite, long, narrow, interpterygoid

vacuity was correctly described by Seeley.

The fragments of lower jaw preserved seem to show that

the surangular was long and the coronoid process very low.

Some general considerations concerning the Structure of the

Cynodont Skull.

The identifications of the bones which I have described

above depend on a comparison of the Cynodont skull with

those of other early and primitive reptiles. All the deter-

minations are of old standing, having mostly been made by

Owen or Seeley.

1 follow Broom’s determination of the vomer as corre-

sponding to that of a mammal and being probably a modifi-

cation of the reptilian parasphenoid associated with the

development of a secondary palate. It is worthy of note

that in the crocodilian genus Metriorhynchus there is a

median vomer (Leeds, 1908) which is probably also a para-

sphenoid.

The pterygoid is easily recognized, and comparison with

other early reptiles with the primitive reptilian (Rhyncho-

cephalian) palate shows that its remarkably slender posterior

ramus and somewhat unusual articulation with the basi-

sphenoid are to be correlated with the great reduction of the

quadrate and of all the bones which lie below the base of the

brain. Theromus provides an intermediate condition.

The transverse bone has its usual relations despite its

considerable reduction.

The identification of the various foramina depends on a

comparison with Sphenodon and a turtle, the broad columella

crani of the latter rendering it rather more similar to a

Cynodont in the structure of the anterior part of the brain-

case. Starting at the back we find that :—

I. Nerve XII. issued by the notch on the rim of tiie

foramen magnum.

II. Nerves XI., X., IX. issued through the large pit

which exactly corresponds in its general relations with

the foramen jugulare of Sphenodon.

320 Mr. D. M. S. Watson on

III. Nerve VII. issued through the small foramen lying

just in advance of the fenestra vestibuli, which

agrees exactly with the corresponding foramen in

Sphenodon.

1V. Part of nerve V. must have issued through the foramen

in advance of the pro-otic; whether this part in-

cluded both the maxillary and mandibular branches

or only the latter will never be known.

V. Finally, the conditions in Sphenodon, and still more in

Chelone, show that all the other cranial nerves issued

in advance of the columella cranii.

I have already pointed out the evidence that the internal

carotid passed along the side of the basisphenoid covered

without by the posterior ramus of the pterygoid, and finally

entered the pituitary fossa through its widely open side.

No structures in Sphenodon or any other reptile give us

any help in discovering the function of the elaborate series

of canals on the walls of the brain-case which have been

described in detail above*. They may, however, be directly

compared with the series of venous canals which occur well

developed in Marsupials and Insectivores.

The main canal, that which runs along the junction of the

parietal and columella, occupies the same position as the

“sinus canal” described by Parker in Erinaceus, which

also occurs in many other Insectivores, including some

Zalambdodonts.

Some of the other canals and foramina, including the

post-temporal fossa, may be analogous or homologous with

the many venous foramina which pierce the back of the

zygomatic arch in Marsupials and Insectivores.

This old and distinguished history may be held to explain

the very remarkable constancy of these, often very small,

foramina,

Before discussing the ear it is advisable to discover the

position of the digastric muscle. In reptiles this muscle,

which is quite superficial in position, rises from the poste-

rior surface of the post-temporal (squamoso-parietal) arch

and passes downward, covering all the muscles of the neck,

to be inserted iato the post-articular part of the mandible.

In the Cynodont mandible, as Seeley aud Broom have

* T have recently discovered somewhat similar conditions in Belodon,

Erythrosuchus, and Mystriosaurus.

the Skull of Diademodon. 321

described it, there is no post-articular projection, and the

only possible insertion for the digastric is onto the small,

almost vertically placed posterior face of the articular.

This implies that the pull of the muscle must have been

approximately horizontal. There is no evidence of any

muscle ivsertion which would allow a direct pull in this

direction, but any muscle passing from within the temporal

fossa over the notch and down the groove which separates

the median from the lateral regions of the occiput would be

in exactly the right position,

A muscle in this position is attached at its upper end to

the parieto-squamosal arch as the digastric should be, and

its peculiar insertion on to the anterior instead of the poste-

rior face of this arch is simply due to the great development

of the muscles of the neck inserted into the median division

of the occiput. This development of neck-muscles is asso-

ciated with increase in size and of power of jaw in a carnivo-

rous animal living on land.

It will be remembered that in the type skull of Cyno-

gnathus crateronotus the muscular insertions on that process

of the squamosal which extends forwards on the front face of

the parietal point downwards and backwards towards the

groove. I take it that these are the insertions of the

digastric; if they are not, I do not know what they can be.

The recognition of the fenestra vestibuli settles the position

of the tympanic cavity. As in all reptiles with a primitive

palate this lies outside the fenestra, and is surrounded above

and behind by the paroccipital process and in front by the

posterior ramus of the pterygoid.

The position of the membrana tympani is more difficult to

settle, but it must lie in one of two regions.

In the majority of reptiles the tympanic membrane is

placed almost vertically, attached to the posterior border of

the quadrate, and such we should expect to be its position

here. We find, however, that this position lies in the middle

of the great smooth groove in the squamosal which leads

round from the space between the end of the paroccipital

process aud the postcrior ramus of the pterygoid to the upper

aud outer surfaces of the skull. The character of the surface

of this groove, which in the Diademodon skull is perfectly

preserved, shows that this position is an impossible one and

that the membrane must have been at one end or the other

of the groove.

In Diademodon the border of the outer end of the groove

is continuous in front, and at first presents some resemblance

322 Mr. D. M. S. Watson on

to the rim to which the membrane is attached in Chelys.

As, however, it is continuous with a wide groove on the side

of the zygomatic arch in Cynognathus and is of a curious

shape, so that any membrane attached to it would be twisted

in two directions and would not have a developable surface,

it can scarcely be the actual point of attachment of the

membrane, whose situation must be sought at the inner end

of the groove.

Here there is a small roughened ridge lying just external

to the paroccipital process, which could well have given it

attachment.

The presence of a membrane in this position is consistent

with the very small fenestra ovalis, which implies a small

Stapes.

If the positions of the digastric muscle and membrana

tympani here adopted be correct, the smooth groove on the

hack of the zygoma can only be an external auditory meatus,

a suggestion of its function which has already been tenta-

tively made by Gregory.

It is now of importance to compare the ear we have thus

arrived at with that of a mammal.

We have seen that the tympanic cavity of a Cynodont is

bounded by the paroccipital process of the periotic above and

behind, that in front it is covered by the posterior ramus of

the pterygoid, and that the squamosal may probably enter

very slightly into its roof externally.

The tympanic cavity in a marsupial is bounded by the

periotic above, and behind by the glenoid ramus of the

alisphenoid, which usually forms a bulla in front, and by the

squamosal externally above.

It is seen that except for the replacement of the posterior

ramus of the pterygoid by the glenoid part of the alisphenoid,

these bones are the same, and this suggests a comparison of

the pterygoid of Reptiles with the alisphenoid of Mammals.

The pterygoid in a Cynodont has the following relations :—

1. It articulates with the basisphenoid.

2. It has a large ascending process, forming part of the

wall of the brain-cavity and articulating with the parietal.

This separates the exits of the II., III., [V., V., and VI.

nerves from those of the second and third branches of the V.

3. It has an anterior ramus articulating with the palatine,

the ectopterygoid, which hes entirely ventral to it, and the

jugal. Internally it is separated from its fellow by the vomer

anteriorly and the basisphenoid posteriorly.

the Skull of Diademodon. 323

4. It has a posterior process passing backwards towards

the point of articulation of the lower jaw, which articulates

with a process of the periotic and forms the anterior wall of

the tympanum.

5. Lastly, the caroticus internus enters the cranial cavity

through a canal between the posterior ramus of the ptery-

goid and the basisphenoid.

The alisphenoid of Dasyurus has the following relations :—

1. It articulates with the basisphenoid.

2. It has a large ascending process which articulates with

the parietal, separates the exits of the II., IIIL., IV., V.’,

and V1. nerves from those of the second and third divisions

of the V. (which, however, pass through it and not behind it).

3. It has an anterior part articulating with the palatine

and the “ pterygoid,” which lies on its inner or ventral

surface. Internally it is separated from its fellow by the

vomer and the basisphenoid.

4. It has a posterior process running back towards the

point of articulation of the lower jaw, which articulates with

the periotic and forms the anterior wall of the tympanum.

5. Lastly, the caroticus internus enters the brain-cavity

through a canal lying between the posterior process and the

basisphenoid. .

Dasyurus is not exceptional in these relations, which are

found with only slight variations in all Marsupials, and from

which those of higher Mammals only differ in the reduction

of the posterior process of the alisphenoid, which is, however,

found in a reduced form in many Insectivores.

The relations of the pterygoid of Cynodonts (which are

essentially similar to those of the pterygoids of other primi-

tive Reptiles) are so exactly similar to those of the alisphenoid

of primitive Mammals, as described above, that the con-

clusion that the alisphenoid of Mammals represents the

pterygoid of Cynodonts (and other Reptiles) is to me

irresistible.

This conclusion is, I believe, new; but Parker and Cope

have held that the epipterygoid of Reptiles was the alisphenoid

of Mammals.

So far as I know, the only evidence against the view that

I have just urged is that the pterygoid of Reptiles is a

membrane bone, whereas the mammalian alisphenoid is a

cartilage bone. This difficulty does not seem to me a very

serious one: the tendency nowadays is to lay less and less

stress on this difference, and in any case the whole pterygoid

324 Mr. D. M. S. Watson on

and epipterygoid of Reptiles are formed in conncction with a

cartilaginous “ Anlage.”

If this view be accepted, it follows that the mammalian

pterygoid is not homologous with the reptilian pterygoid,

but with the reptilian transverse bone, a view already held

by Seeley.

It remains to discuss the remarkable bone developed in

Cynodonts and other Therapsids in connection with the

tympanum, which has been called by Seeley a stapes, a

rudimentary cochlea, and a tympanic, and by Broom con-

sistently a tympanic.

This bone is not present in its natural position in any of

the skulls of higher Cynodonts which I have been able to

examine; it is, however, preserved in position in the type

skull of Thrinaxodon horhinus, Seeley, and displaced in one

of Seeley’s Gomphognathus skulls. It has also been figured

in Cynognathus platyceps by Broom.

In Gomphognathus it is a narrow, straight, thin bone

forming part of a cylinder, and, according to the evidence of

the other specimens, articulating at the inner end with the

periotic (or basisphenoid ?) just below the fenestra vestibuli,

and at its outer end with the quadrate.

I can see no evidence that it took any part in the support

of the membrana tympani, for had it done so the membrane

would have been twisted, part being horizontal and part

vertical, a position in itself improbable and not supported by

the appearances of the rest of the region. There can be

little doubt that the function of this bone is to protect the

tympanic cavity from pressure from beneath, a necessity in

an animal with a very wide gullet in which the cavity was

exposed to the pressure of food.

I know of nothing in Reptiles except the immediate

relations of Cynodonts which can be compared to this bone ;

but it is instructive to compare it with the tympanic and

entotympanic of Mammals.

In all the more primitive Mammals with which we are

acquainted the function of the tympanic is the support of the

membrana tympani. It never takes any part in the

strengthening of the floor of the tympanum. When increase

in size and other alterations rendered the provision of a

bulla necessary, it was provided by three distinct bones—in

Marsupials by the alisphenoid, in the Tupaiids by the ento-

tympanic, and in the majority of higher Mammals by the

tympanic.

the Skull of Diademodon. 825

This seems to me good evidence that the tympanic is not

derived from a bone whose main if not its only function is

the protection of the under surface of the ear.

I am therefore unable to accept the identification of the

problematical bone in Cynodonts called by Broom tympanic

with the bone of the same name in Mammals. If amamma-

lian homologue must be found for it, the entotympanic,

which stretches from the tympanic to the basisphenoid in

Tupaia, seems the most suitable; but as this bone does not

seem to be of wide distribution in the Mammalia, it is

probably a neomorph.

The resemblances of the Cynodonts, and, indeed, of

Therapsids generally, to Mammals have been commented on

by all authors from the time of Owen’s original description

till to-day, and almost all recent descriptions of their

remains have been written from the mammalian standpoint.

The preceding description is one of the few exceptions, and

it was not until I had spent many days in fruitlessly trying

to identify the various foramina by comparison with marsu-

pial and insectivore skulls that 1 commenced a comparison

with other reptiles.

The resemblances of Therapsids to Mammals are :—

1. The presence of a single zygomatic arch formed by the

squamosal and jugal. (Owen, Seeley, Broom.)

2. The division of the teeth into incisors, canines, and

cheek-teeth. (Owen, Seeley, Broom.)

53. The mode of insertion of the teeth. (Owen, Seeley.)

4. The presence of a secondary palate in Cynodonts.

(Seeley, Broom.)

5. The presence of a median vomer (developed from the

parasphenoid?). (Broom.)

6. The great reduction of the quadrate and the bones of

the lower jaw except the dentary. (Seeley, Broom.)

7. The presence of a long distinct external auditory

meatus. (Gregory.)

8. The double occipital condyle of Cynodonts. (Seeley.)

9. The general resemblances in the vertebral column.

(Seeley.)

10. The very mammalian form of the scapula and pectoral

girdle. (Seeley, Broom.)

11. The build of the humerus. (Owen, Seeley, Broom.)

12. The presence of an olecranon process. (Seeley).

13. The structure of the carpus. (Seeley, Bardeleben,

Broom. )

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 22

326 Mr. D. M. S. Watson on

14. The reduced number of phalanges in the hand and

foot: 2.38.3.3.3. (Broom.)

15. The presence of a sacrum of more than two vertebre.

(Owen, Seeley.)

16. The structure of the pelvis. (Owen, Seeley, Broom.)

17. The structure of the tarsus. (Broom.)

To these I now add :—

18. The small fenestra vestibuli.

19. The ventral position of the inner ear seen in Theromus.

20. The presence of an extensive series of canals on the

side of the brain-case, only comparable with those

which lodge a venous system in Insectivores.

This extraordinary series of resemblances, many of them

of a particularly deep-seated character, can only mean that

the Therapsids are to be associated with the ancestry of the

Mammals. It is none the less improbable that the Cynodonts

themselves are closely connected with the ancestral mammal.

They appear to be an examp'e of a group which, whilst

retaining a very primitive structure in some of the more

deep-seated regions, such as the brain-case and brain, have

developed specializations which are prophetic of the develop-

ments which will be much more slowly but securely carried

out by the descendants of a more conservative line of the

same stock.

It is impossible with our present very slight knowledge of

Therapsids to decide which of the many resemblances to

Mammals catalogued above have descended to the Cynodonts

and Mammals from a common ancestor, and which are due

to that similarity in the course of evolution in two allied

stocks which is now being gradually realized as a most

important factor to be considered in the study of phylogeny

and the laws of evolution.

The Homologies of the Zygomatic Arch of the Therapsids.

The zygoma of Cynodonts and Therocephalians is formed

by the squamosal, postorbital, and jugal. As it contains a

squamoso-postorbital part, at any rate in the more primitive

types, it seems natural to regard it as representing the two

arches of Diapsids fused, the quadrato-jugal being lost.

Dr. Broom has, however, made the remarkable suggestion

that it really corresponds to the lower arch, the single

temporal fossa answering to the lower fossa of Sphenodon,

and implying that the upper arch has fused on to the side of

the Skull of Diademodon, 327

the brain-case, being represented by the process which I

have described above in Diademodon.

The evidence on which he seems to rely is that in Dicyno-

donuts, Deinocephalians, and Dromasauria the side of the

brain-case is overlapped by processes of the squamosals and

postorbitals or postfrontals, which meet and exclude the

parietal from the temporal fossa. In Dicynodonts and

some Deinocepbalians I have been able to see this arrange-

ment, but even in these cases there is still a squamoso-

postorbital arcade. It appears to me simpler to regard the

conditicn in Dicynodonts, &c., as secondarily arrived at from

one resembling that in Cynodonts.

The occurrence in the type skull of Cynognathus cratero-

notus of a small infra-temporal fossa lying between the jugal

aud the squamosal appears to be conclusive evidence that

the temporal fossa of Therapsids does not represent the

infra-temporal fossa of Diapsids.

This small infra-temporal fossa in Cynognathus was

correctly interpreted by Seeley.

Systematic Revision of the Gomphognathid Genera Diade-

modon, Gomphognuathus, and Diastemodon.

In 1894 Seeley founded the genus Diademodon for some

fragments of jaws from the Karroo which showed molar

teeth with wide flat crowns ornamented with cusps and

ridges. The type species is Diademodon tetragonus, founded

on a small piece of snout, and to the genus were referred

D. brachytiara, the type specimens being isolated teeth ;

D. mastacus, founded on a piece of maxilla with three

perfect teeth ; and D. browni, founded on the middle portion

of a skull with one perfect tooth.

In 1895 Seeley founded another genus, Gomphognathus,

distinguished from Diademodon by the cheek-teeth being

worn down flat.

The type species, G. kannemeyeri, was founded on a

mandible showing the teeth, to which was attached the back

of a skull and some cervical vertebra. ‘To this genus Seeley

referred an excellent skull lacking the lower jaw, which is

the type of G. polyphagus, and another excellent skull with

the mandible closed on the palate, which he referred to the

same species.

More recently Seeley described a new species, Diademodon

entomophonus, the type being the middle portion of a skull

with some teeth.

Finally, in October 1908, Seeley described a new subgenus

22*

328 Mr. D. M.S. Watson on

and species of Gomphognathus, Diastemodon dimorphodon,

on the anterior part of the right ramus of the mandible.

This subgenus was defined as having a very long diastema in

the lower jaw, the hinder part of which bears the roots and

worn-down crowns of “ premolars.”

The systematic study of the group is hindered by the

very great difficulty of distinguishing the signs of wear on

the teeth and the apparent changes in the character of the

teeth with age.

No characters exist for separating Diademodon and

Gomphognathus, except the fact that the teeth in the

type of Diademodon are little, if at all, worn, whereas the

teeth of the type of Gomphognathus are worn flat. This

difference is merely due to age.

The difference between Gomphognathus and Diastemodon

pointed out by Seeley is a genuine one, and when our

knowledge becomes more adequate the latter will probably

have to stand. At present, however, as the lower jaw

R. 3588 is intermediate between Gomphognathus kanne-

meyert and Diastemodon dimorphodon in this character, ©

think it most convenient to include the whole series cf

species in the one genus Diademodon.

Diademodon tetragonus, the type of the genus, and

D. brachytiara are so badly known as to be at present

unrecognizable.

The most primitive of the remaining types of which the

maxillary dentition is known is D. brow ni, to which species

I refer the skull that has been described at length above.

The reasons for this reference are:

1. Agrecment in size.

2. Agreement in the structure of the upper and lateral

surfaces so far as they can be made out in the type.

3. The fact that the posterior borders of the secondary

plates of the palatines meet in an angle and not in a straight

line.

4, Agreement in the relative sizes of the dental alveoli,

in the structure of the fourth molar from the back when

allowance is made for wear, and of the extreme tips of the

last molar.

The dentition has been described above, and its important

systematic features are :—

Ist. ‘The very small size of the inner lobe of the penulti-

mate molar,

2nd. The fact that the third molar from the back is only

%, of the width of the one in front.

the Skull of Diademodon. 329

D. entomophonus is distinguished from D, browni by :—

Ist. ‘The rather larger inuer lobe of the penultimate molar.

2nd. The third molar is nearly as wide as the fourth,

being 1% of it.

D. mastacus is easily distinguished :—

Ist. By the very large size of the inner lobe of the

penultimate tooth.

2nd. The third tooth is 374 of the width of the fourth,

but is very long antero- posteriorly.

D. polyphagus most unfortunately does not show the

characters of the last three molar teeth. It is distinguished

from all the species recorded above by the fact that the

fourth tooth from the back is extremely short, much shorter

than the fifth.

In this species the posterior borders of the secondary

plates of the palatines meet in an almost straight line, a

condition markedly different from that in D. browni. (This

difference is exactly parallel to that which separates the

erocodilian genus Steneosaurus from the more primitive

Mystriosaurus.)

The other skull figured by Seeley as Gomphognathus

polyphagus has the lower jaw closed on the palate, so that

the characters of the dentition are not visible. The last

molar as seen in side view has the same backwardly curved

crown of the last upper molar as Diademodon browni, This

skull in the character of the back of the palatines agrees

with D. polyphagus. It differs from the type of this species,

however, in being proportionately broader over the squa-

mosals and in the much greater distance between the

foramina jugulares.

It will probably be best for the present to leave it without

specific determination.

D. kannemeyeri, the type of Gomphognathus, differs from

D. browni and D. sp. in the much shorter diastema in the

mandible. As the upper ‘teeth are unknown it cannot be

further defined.

D. dimorphodon differs from all the above species in which

the lower jaw is known, in the fact that the hinder part of

the long diastema shows the roots and worn-down crown of

anterior cheek-teeth.

Tn conclusion, I wish to express my great indebtedness to

Drs, A. 8. Woodward and C,. W. Andrews, of the British

330 On the Skull of Diademodon.

Museum, for the liberality with which they have allowed me

to describe the skull of Diademodon browni and to revise

the whole of the unique series of Cynodont remains under

their charge.

To these gentlemen and to Baron Franz Nopcsa I am

indebted for much kind advice and criticism.

Bibliography.

Broom, R.—1896. On the presence of a pair of apparently distinct

Preyomers in Gomphognathus. Journ. Anat. & Phys, yol. xxxi.

pp. 277-279.

—. 1903'. On the Mammalian and Reptilian Vomerine Bones.

Proe. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 1902, pp. 545-660, pls. xxiv.—

XXVi.

—. 1903. On the Structure of the Palate in the Primitive Therio-

donts. Geol. Mag. ser. 4, vol. x. pp. 345-345,

—., 1903°. On the Classification of the Theriodonts and their Allies.

Rep. S. Afr. Assoc. Adv. Sci. vol. 1.

—. 19045. The Origin of the Mammalian Carpus and Tarsus.

Trans. 8. Afr. Phil. Soc. vol. xv. pt. ili. pp. 89-97, pl. vii.

—. 19042. On the Structure of the Theriodont Mandible, and on its

Mode of Articulation with the Skull. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1904,

vol. i. pp. 490-498,

—. 1905. On some Points in the Anatomy of the Theriodont

Reptile Diademodon. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1905, vol. i. pp. 96-102,

—. 1907. On some new Fossil Reptiles from the Karroo Beds of

Victoria West, South Africa. Trans. S. Afr. Phil. Soe. vol. xviii.

. 31-42, pls. ili. & iv.

——. 1910. A Comparison of the Permian Reptiles of North America

with those of South Africa. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.

vol, xxix. pp. 197-284, 20 figs.

Grecory, W. K.—1910. The Orders of Mammals. Bull. Amer, Mus,

Nat. Hist. vol. xxvii. pp. 5-524, figs. 32.

Owen, R.—1860. On some Reptilian Fossils from South Africa.

Q. J. G.S. vol. xvi. pp. 49-62, pls. i—iii.

—. 1876. A Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia of South Africa in the

Collection of the British Museum. 1876. London.

SEELEY, H. G.—1894. Researches on the Structure, Organization, and

Classification of the Fossil Reptilia. Part IX. section 3. On Dia-

demodon. Phil. Trans, vol. 185 (1894) B, pp. 1029-1041, pl. 89.

—. 1895. Researches &c. Part IX. section 4. On the Gompho-

dontia, Phil. Trans. vol. 186 (1895) B, pp. 1-57, pls. 1, 2.

—. 1895. Researches &e. Part IX. section 5. On the Skeleton in

new Cynodontia from the Karroo Rocks. Phil. Trans. vol. 186

(1895) B, pp. 59-148.

—. 1908. Additional Evidence as to the Dentition and Structure of

the Skull in the South African Fossil Reptile Genus Diademodon.

Proe. Zool. Soe. 1908, pp. 611-617, fig, 130.

—. 1908. On the Dentition of the Diastema insome Fossil Reptiles

referred to the Gomphodontia, from the Upper Karroo Rocks of

pare Colony. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. ii. pp. 376-382,

On new Urocyclide Jrom British Hast Africa. 331

XLI.—New Species of Urocyclide from British East

Africa. By Dr. ©. POLLONERA.

(Plate VIII.]

Urocyclus (Microcyclus) signatus, sp. n.

(Pl. VIII. figs. 1, 2.)

U. pallide ochraceo-aurantiacus, antice pallidior, castaneo-nigres-

centi zonatus. Clypeus granulosus, postice rotundatus ;

foramine pallialiamplo; apertura pulmonea leviter post-mediana,

pallide marginata; colore ochraceo-aurantiacus, medio leviter

fuscatus et brunneo maculatus, lateraliter bizonatus, zona

principalis obseuriore. Dorsum obtuse carinatum, carina ad

clypeum fere evanescente, utrinque obscurissime unizonatum et

superne lineis plurimis interruptis notatum. Solea pallida,

medio pallidiore.

Longit. dorsi mill. 124; clypei 94; solew 26.

Hab. Mt. Kenia, at an altitude of 9000-10,000 feet (Robin

Kemp).

Although both the specimens of this species which I have

been able to examine were not quite adult, the reproductive

organs, though still very small, were sufliciently developed

to give an idea of their structure.

1 place this species in the subgenus Microcyclus on account

of the prostate gland not being of an elongate shape as in

typical Urocyclus and in the subgenus Jlesocyclus; at the

same time this organ is much smaller than is the case with

the other species of Aicrocyclus hitherto described. These

intermediate characters, which further lessen the differences

between the subgenera Mesocyclus and Jicrocyclus, have

decided me in regarding the latter group as a subgenus of

Uroeyclus; moreover, Dr. Simroth*, when creating the

genus Microcyclus, stated that it might also be considered

a subgenus of Urocyclus. Dr. Kobeltt is mistaken in

attributing to me the creation of the genus Jicrocyclus,

which he holds to be a distinct genus, while regarding

Trichotovon as a simple subgenus of Urocyclus. 1 do not

think that this opinion is tenable, as Microcyclus and Uro-

eyclus are separated by very slight differences, while Tricho-

toxon differs by the absence of the prostate gland and by the

proportionately enormous atriwm containing several darts.

* * Ueber bekannte und neue Urocycliden,’ 1896, p. 303.

+ ‘Die Mollusken ausbeute d. Erlang. Reise in Nordost-A frika,’ 1909,

p- 60.

332 Drv Paleo on new

The three new species of Trichotoron about to be described

should, in my opinion, constitute a new subgenus, for which

I propose the name DENDROTOXON.

This subgenus differs from typical T’richotoxon in possess-

ing (as is also the case in Dendrolimax) on the upper

extremity of the epzphallum a true, though very small,

flagellum instead of the calcareous gland.

Dr. Simroth employs the term “ kalk-sac” for both the

true flagellum, situated on the lower side of the epiphallum,

and also for the caleareous gland on the upper side ; person-

ally I prefer to give different names to these two characters,

especially as in some species of the Urocyclide there is an

absence of the calcareous gland inside the flagellum.

Trichotoxon (Dendrotoxon) kempt, sp. n.

(Pl. VAT. figs. 5, 6,°7.)

Clypeus postice rotundatus, profunde sulcatus et valide rugosus ;

brunneo-fuscus, summitate rugarum sordide albidus ; apertura

pulmonea distincte antemediana ; apertura pallialis angusta sed

distincta. Dorsum valide sed obtuse carinatum, granulosum,

lateraliter oblique suleatum; colore terreo, maculis rotundatis,

amplis, evanescentibus, griseo-nigrescenti conspersum et minutis-

sime albido punctuatum. Pedis margo externus transverse

sulcatus et minutissime albido-punctatus, Solea levis, unicolor,

zone laterales leviter transverse sulcate.

Longit. dorsi mill. 35; clypei 22; solez 62.

Hab. Between the Igembi Hills and Nyeri (Robin Kemp).

The light blotches on the shield, the small scattered spots

upon the back, the carina, and the margin of the foot are

produced by a calcareous concretion identical with that

producing the large light blotches on Dendrolimae.

The reproductive organ (fig. 6) shows an atrium ter-

minating above in two rounded points and enclosing four

extraordinarily long, pitted, pointed, and slightly recurved

darts (fig. 7). The lower flagellum is very long; the

upper very small, preventing a view of the calcareous gland,

which perhaps is either altogether absent or is very much

reduced in size.

Trichotowon (Dendrotoxon) prestont, sp. n.

(Pl. VILL. figs. 8, 9, 10, & 11.)

7. sat robustum, coriaceo unicolor, antice tantum pallidior. Clypeus

postice rotundatus, longitudinaliter valide rugosus, apertura

palliali angustissima, apertura pulmonea yix antemediana,

Species of Urocyclidee from British East Africa. 333

Dorsum rugosum, lateraliter suleis parum profundis sulcatum,

per totum longitudinem carinatum ; carina valida, obtusa, postice

tortuosa. Solea unicolor, zona mediana granulosa, laterales

transverse sulcate.

Longit. dorsi mill. 34; clypei 26; solew 72.

Hab. Between the Igembi Hills and Nyeri (Robin Kemp).

Differing from the preceding species in its larger size,

twisted carina, less forwardly placed pulmonary orifice, and

by the total absence of all spots, either light or dark.

The reproductive organ (fig. 8) differs from that of

T. kempi in the shape of the atrium, which terminates above

in two more lengthened, divergent, and less rounded points.

The neck of the bursa copulatrix is less long, more pitted,

and terminated by a cylindrical arch which is wanting in

7. kempt. The penis is less twisted and of a different shape.

The lower flagellum (fig. 11) is shorter, less pitted, and

greatly swollen by the rounded eminences of a tissue

which is more transparent than that of the flagellum; it ends

on its free side in a small oval sac} of the same nature as the

lateral eminences. ‘The upper flagellum (fig. 10) is very

small and permits a view of the white calcareous gland,

which is situated on the interior of its base; in the atrium

1 found five darts, much shorter and broader than those of

T. kempi (tig. 9), and I believe this to be the first case,

up to the present time, in which an uneven number of darts

has been noticed.

Trichotoxon (Dendrotowvon) keniensis, sp. n.

(El VIL. figs: 3, 4.)

7. sat parvulum, ochraceo-aurantiaco unicolor, antice pallide

ochraceum. Clypeus postice rotundatus, granulosus ; apertura

palliali angusta; apertura pulmonea distincte postmediana.

Dorsum obtuse carinatum, rugoso-granulosum ; lateraliter sulcis

obliquis, parum profundis, suleatum. Solea, medio pallida, zonis

lateralibus pallide brunnvis, transverse sulcatis.

Long. dorsi mill. 17; clypei 13; solex 50.

Hab. Mt. Kenia, at an altitude of 9000-10,000 feet (Robin

Kemp).

Differing from the two preceding species in its smaller

size, in its granular and not longitudinally furrowed shield,

on the posterior half cf which is situated the pulmonary

orifice, in the colour of the shield and dorsal surface, which

is of a pale orange-ochre, disappearing on the posterior

portion of the animal, and in the brownish colour of the

iateral zones on the side,

334 Mr. G. Dollman on Arvicanthis abyssinicus

The reproductive organ (fig. 3) is also very different

from those of ZT. kempiand T. prestont: the smaller and much

more elongate atrium is truncate at the upper extremity, the

penis is much longer and more pitted, and the lower flagellum

is much shorter, the bursa copulatrix is ovoid. I found four

darts, relatively rather large, more recurved, and of a some-

what club-shaped form.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII.

=atrium; p.=penis; ep.=epiphallum; /l.7.=inferior flagellum;

Ji.s.=superior flagellum ; g/.c.=calcareous gland ; c.d.=vas deferens ;

b.c.= bursa copulatrix ; v.=Vvagina.

The fractions show the enlargements of the drawings.

Figs. 1, 2. Urocyclus signatus.

Figs. 3, 4. Trichotoxon keniensis.

Figs. 5, 6,7. Trichotoxvon kempi.

Figs. 8,9, 10, 11. Trichotoxon prestoni.

XLI.—On Arvicanthis abyssinicus and allied East-African

Spectes, with Descriptions of Four new Forms. By Guy

DoLLMAN.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tne following paper is an attempt to arrange in systematic

order the various species and subspecies of East-Atrican

field-rats belonging to the Arvicanthis abyssinicus group.

On account of the ‘ereat variation in colour and size met with

in individuals of the same species, the subject presents so

many difficulties that this paper cannot be looked upon as

more than a temporary scheme for the arrangement and

classification of the several forms. The key appended below

is largely founded on skin characters and general dimensions,

as these appear the most satisfactory. Altogether some four

hundred specimens have been examined, and as far as possible

average dimensions for each species and subspecies are given.

Key to the Species and Subspecies.

yi P

A. Tail approximately equal to or rather

Lyrouse than length of head and body.

. Light underpartsnot sharply marked off

from flanks.

w, Size of body large, about 150 mm.

in length. General colour pale

sandy ochraceous mixed with black.

(Egyptian Soudan.) ...........5. (1) testicudaris, Sund.

and allied East-African Species. 335

b', Size of body rather smaller; length

of head and body about 140 mm.

General colour darker, yellowish

olive mixed with black and ochra-

Ser UCERAO.) os wad si Gigrash.«: (2) t. jebele, Hell.

b, Light underparts sharply marked off

from flanks. (W. Bahr-el-Ghazal.) (8) ¢. centralis, subsp. n.

B. Tail shorter than length of head and body.

a. Size of body large; length of head and

body about 174 mm.; average length

of hind foot 85 mm. (Egypt.) .... (5) niloticus, Desm,

b, Size of body medium ; length of head

and body less than 170 mm., but more

than 135 mm.

a', Tail longer (145 mm. in length).

(CS 0G ee (4) luctuosus, sp. n.

6*. Tail shorter, not exceeding 125 mm,

in length.

a*. Dorsal stripe present.

a®, Dorsal stripe well marked.

Light patches behind ears

well-defined. Length of hind

foot 27 or 28 mm.

a‘, General colour greyish olive,

Leelee ret and toes

reyishbuff. (S. Abyssinia.) (6) abyssinicus, Riipp.

b. oral colour dark blackish 7! -

brown speckled with greyish

buff. Backs of feet dark

brown; toes black. (Guma,

Sr ADYRBINIA. Visi, .)4:2 a1. eatin « (7) a. saturatus, subsp. n.

b°. Dorsal stripe very indistinct.

General colour ochraceous

olive. No light patches be-

: hind ears. Average length of :

Ag hind foot 30mm, (Uganda.) (8) a. raubescens, Wrought.

b?. Dorsal stripe absent.

a°*, Size larger; average length of

hind foot 29 mm.

a‘, Ventral surface greyish, not

differentiated from the

brownish flanks. No light

buff-coloured stripe down

middle of belly. (Mumias

Le) i (9) a. nubilans, Wrought.

b*. Ventral surface greyish,

washed with buffy white ;

line of demarcation between

whitish belly and dark

flanks, Pale buftcoloured

stripe down middle of belly.

(Guma, 8. Abyssinia.) .... (13) zaphiri, sp. n.

6°, Size smaller; average length of

hind foot less than 28 mm.

a‘. Backs of hands and feet grey.

Ventralsurface grey, washed

336 Mr. G. Dollman on Arvicanthis abyssinicus

with white. No ochraceous

or buff-coloured suffusion.

(Naixobi): .22se-sece see (10) a. nairobe, Allen.

b‘. Backs of hands and feet

orange-buff. Ventral sur-

face grey, washed with

buffy white. General co-

lour of back yellowish olive,

mixed with black and ochra-

ceous, (Naivasha.)...... (11) a. preceps, Wrought.

c’. Backs of hands and feet

brownish, mixed with buff.

Ventral surface greyish

white, tinted with pale buff.

General cclour of back dark

ochraceous. (Irangi, Ger-

man EH. Agriea)': 22 ence (12) a. newmanni, Matsch.

c. Size of body smail; length of head and

body less than 185 mm,

a‘, Size larger; length of head and body

more than 125 mm.

a>. General colour greyish olive,

faintly tinged with pale butt.

Backs of hands and feet grey.

Ventral surface greyish white.

(Rumruti, Laikipia Plateau.) .. (14) rwmruti, Dollm.

6°. General colour sandy ochraceous,

strongly tinged with buff. Backs

of hands and feet white, tinted

with buff. Belly buffy white.

a’, Tail longer, 122 mm. in length.

Skull larger, greatest length

34mm. (Chanler Falls, Eusso

INyir0S) ecce eon eee cen (17) chanleri, Dollm.

b°. Tail shorter, averaging 99 mm.

in length. Skull smaller,

ereatest length 80mm, (So-

mialilsnd.) tvs abieee vas tales (15) somadicus, Thos.

b}, Size smaller; length of head and

body less than 125mm. (Eusso

Niro, EL SATEICH.) inte bieieje white wo (16) reptans, Dollm.

(1) Arvicanthis testicularis, Sund.

Tsomys testicularis, Sundevall, Vet.-Akad. Handl. p. 221 (1843),

Size comparatively large, tail very long. General colour

of dorsal surface pale sandy ochraceous lined with black.

Dorsal stripe narrow and ill-defined, in some cases entirely

absent. In bleached individuals the ochraceous colouring is

much more evident, especially on the hind-quarters and

posterior part of back. Flanks rather lighter than back and

more buffy. Nasal region orange-buff, the buff colour in

some cases extending back on to the face. Ears clothed with

and allied East-African Species. 337

short orange-buff hairs, the general effect more orange-

coloured than in any of the allied species, in this respect

resembling the somalicus group. Backs of hands and feet

light buff-coloured. Under surface of body whitish; hairs

with grey bases and white tips, the tips in many individuals

tinged with buff. Ventral surface not sharply marked off

from the flanks, the two areas gradually passing into each

other. Hairs on throat, chin, and underside of limbs white.

Tail with well-marked dark dorsal area, orange sides, and

light buff-coloured under surface.

Skull large, in old individuals nearly equalling that of

niloticus. Zygomatic region rather narrow, not markedly

broader in the squamosal portion. Brain-case a good deal

narrower than in niloticus, especially in the occipital region.

Incisors and molars rather smaller than in the Egyptian

species.

Dimensions in millimetres (measured in the flesh) :-—

Average of

10 adults. Max. Min.

Head and body ...... 151 160 146

SL Oa eee 152 170 145

PING EOOL «cca ese wee 51 34 29

Dimensions of adult skull :—

Greatest length 38°2 mm.; basilar length 32 ; condylo-

incisive length 36; zygomatic breadth 18 ; interorbital con-

striction 5°6 ; squamosal breadth of cranium 14°5 ; length of

nasals 14; palatilar length 17; length of palatal foramina 8 ;

length of upper molar series 7:3.

Type locality. Bahr-el-Abiad, Egyptian Soudan.

This species would appear to be one that enjoys a fairly

wide distribution, ranging from Upper Egypt southwards

towards the Bahr-el-Ghazal and eastwards as far as Arabia,

the specimens from Aden being in every respect identical

with those from the Nile Valley. In the Museum collections

are specimens from the following localities :—Sennaar,

Khartoum, Nakheila, Sherik, Shendi, Gerazi (Soudan), El

Kama (Soudan), and Aden. The Sennaar specimens are

practically topotypes, Bahr-el-Abiad, the type locality, being

situated on the south-west side of Sennaar.

Isomys vartegatus, var. minor, described by Sundevall *, is

probably more nearly related to testicularis than to niloticus.

The description would appear to agree better with the general

colour scheme met with in the Southern species; but until

topotypical specimens are available for examination it is

* Vet.-Ak, Handl. p. 221 (1848).

338 Mr. G. Dollman on Arvicanthis abyssinicus

impossible to decide the affinities of this form. The type

locality, Syrkut, Upper Nubia, is so situated that minor

might represent a geographical race of either testicularis or

niloticus.

(2) Arvicanthis testicularis jebele, Hell.

Arvicanthis jebela, Heller, Smith, Miscell. Coll. vol. lvi. (17) p. 9

(1911).

A form closely related to testicularis, differing only in its

rather smaller size and more olive coloration.

The general colour of the dorsal surface rather less sandy

than in testicularts ; the colour scheme more like that of the

true abyssinicus, but retaining the ochraceous colouring of

testicularis. Nasal region not so buffy, the hairs rather

darker and browner. Ears rather darker in colour. Under

surface, feet, and tail as in ¢esticularis.

Skull smaller than that of testicu/aris, with much shorter

palatal foramina. Molar teeth markedly smaller.

Dimensions of type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 140 mm.; tail 150; hind foot 29.

Skull: greatest length 35°5 ; condylo-incisive length 31°5 ;

zygomatic breadth 17 ; interorbital constriction 5; length of

palatal foramina 5°5 ; length of upper tooth-row 6°5.

Type locality. Lado Enclave.

In the British Museum are three specimens from the Kit

River, Bahr-el-Gebel, which appear to represent this Lado

form of testticularis, and it is evident from examination of

these specimens and the original description that the Lado

Arvicanthis must be regarded as a geographical race of

testicularis, and not, as suggested by Heller, as a distinct

species allied to A. abyssinicus rubescens, Wrought. ‘The

exceptional length of tail, ochraceous colouring, and white

underparts are all characters diagnostic of testicularis.

(3) Arvicanthis testicularis centralis, subsp. n.

Allied to Arvicanthis testicularis, Sund., ochraceous brown

in colour, without dorsal stripe, and having the white under-

parts sharply marked off from the buff-coloured flanks.

In size and general proportions rather less than in ¢esticu-

laris ; tail rather shorter, about equal to length of body.

General colour richer and darker; dorsal surface ochraceous

buff lined with black. Hind-quarters and rump tinged with

reddish. No trace of dark dorsal stripe. Flanks paler and

purer in colour than back, the general effect rather yellower,

owing to the dark ground-colour being less in evidence.

and allied East-African Species. 339

Face and head similar in colour to back. Nose and ocular

rings yellowish buff, the nasal region speckled with black.

Backs of hands and feet buffy white. Under surface of body

white ; hairs of belly greyish at base, with long white tips.

White ventral surface sharply marked off from the buff-

coloured flanks, the contrast more marked than in any member

of this group. Tail much as in éesticularis, but shorter and

rather less hairy; above rather darker, more as in the

abyssinicus group.

Skull a trifle shorter than in ¢esticularis. Zygomatic

region narrow anteriorly, expanded in the squamosal part,

thus differing from the typical species, where the zygomatic

arches are almost parallel.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 145 mm. ; tail 143 ; hind foot 30; ear 19.

Skull: greatest length 36°5 mm.; basilar length 30;

condylo-incisive length 34:5; zygomatic breadth 18:4;

interorbital constriction 5; squamosal breadth of cranium

14:2; length of nasals 14; palatilar length 16:5; length of

palatal foramina 6°9 ; alveolar length of upper molar series 7.

Hab. Between Chak Chak and Dem Zubeir, West Bahr-

el-Ghazal.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 8. 4, 2. 45. Original num-

ber 38. Collected on September 3rd, 1907, by A. L. Butler,

Esq.

The most characteristic feature about this western race of

testicularis is the sharp contrast between the white ventral

surface and ochraceous-buff colouring of the flanks ; in the

Sennaar species and t. jebele, recently described by Heller

from Lado, the light ventral surface is not sharply marked

off from the dark colour of the flanks, but gradually merges

into it. In addition, this new race differs from the other two

forms in having no trace of the dark dorsal stripe; the darker

and more ochraceous colouring of the entire dorsal surface is

a further point wherein this western form differs from the

typical species. ‘The Museum collection contains four

specimens referable to this subspecies—three from the type

locality and one from T'amburas, Bahr-el-Ghazal.

(4) Arvicanthis luctuosus, sp. n.

A large dark-coloured species, probably allied to testicularis,

Size of body large; tail shorter than length of body, hind

foot large. General colour of back dark blackish brown,

coarsely speckled with light buffy grey, the effect almost as

in niloticus, but light speckling not quite so prominent.

340 Mr. G. Dollman on Arvicanthis abyssinicus

Face and head quite as dark as back ; ocular rings and tip of

nose orange. Dorsal stripe practically absent, a faint sugges-

tion of a median line visible under certain conditions of

illumination. Flanks paler and greyer than back, the pale

greyish buff-colour gradually merging into the light under

surface. Backs of hands and feet brownish, washed with

buff. Ventral surface of body light greyish white, faintly

tinted with buff, the coloration irregular, as in niloticus.

Hairs of belly with slate-grey bases and light tips. Tail

short and well covered with hairs; dark blackish brown

above, dirty buff-coloured below.

Skull like that of testécu/aris centralis ; supraorbital ridges

more developed and with longer palatal foramina.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 155 mm.; tail 143; hind foot 33; ear 17.

Skull: greatest length 35°45; basilar length 29:2; con-

dylo-incisive length 33:9; zygomatic breadth 17:2; inter-

orbital constriction 5; squamosal breadth of brain-case 14;

length of nasals 13:2; palatilar length 15°8; length of

palatal foramina 8; alveolar length of upper molar series 7°2.

Hab. Kaka, north of Fashoda, Soudan.

Type. Adult male. B.M.no. 1. 8.8.50. Original num-

ber 35. Collected on April 23rd, 1901, and presented to

the British Museum by R. M. Hawker, Esq.

This species is represented in the Museum collection by

three specimens—two from Kaka and one from Fashoda ;

they all present the same exceedingly dark-coloured pelage,

and are quite unlike any of the testicularis group. In general

characters this form appears to be intermediate between

niloticus and testicularts, possessing the short tail and general

colouring of né/oticus and with cranial characters more like

those of ¢esticularis. It is at present impossible to decide

the exact relationship of this new species to the other forms

of Arvicanthis inhabiting the Nile Valley ; probably it is

more nearly allied to ¢testicularis than to the Egyptian

species. In general colour ductuosus is not unlike some of

the northern races of abyssinicus, such as rubescens ; but on

account of the great differences in the general dimensions

and cranial measurements it cannot be considered as belonging

to the abyssinicus group.

(5) Arvicanthis niloticus, Desm.

1803. Lemmus niloticus, E. Geoff. Cat. Mus, Paris (nom. nud.).

1822. Arvicola niloticus, Desmarest, Ency. Méthod., Mamm, Suppl.

p. 281. P

1823. Hypudeus variegatus, Licht, Verz. Doubl. Berlin, p. 2.

and allied East-African Species. 341

1827. Hypudeus niloticus, Brants, Muizen, p. 87.

1827. Mus variegatus, Brants, Muizen, p. 102.

1829, Echimys niloticus, Geoff. et Aud. Descr. Egypte, ual pu Zot

(“ Echimys d’Egypte,” Atlas, pl. v. fig. 2).

1842, Arvicanthis niloticus, Lesson, Nouy. Tab. Rég. Anim. p. 147.

1842, Mus discolor, Wagner, Arch. Naturg. i. p. 9.

. 1843. Isomys variegatus, Sundevall, Vet.-Ak. Handl. p. 220.

Isomys variegatus, var. major, id. ibid.

A very large dark olive-coloured species, with a large

massive skull.

Size of body and hind foot larger than in any of the allied

forms*, ‘l'ail shorter than body. General colour olive-

baff, heavily lined with black, the general effect darker than

in the abyssinicus group. Dorsal stripe generally ill-defined,

but in some individuals dark and quite as prominent as in

abyssinicus. Flanks rather paler and yellower than back.

Backs of hands and feet buff-coloured. Under surface of

body dirty greyish white, tinted with buff. Ventral surface

not sharply marked from flanks. Hairs of belly with dark

slate-vrey bases and whitish tips. ‘Tail short, colour much

as in ¢esticularis, rather darker sbove.

Skull larger and heavier than in any of the other forms

dealt with in this paper. Zygomatic region very broad,

especially so in the squamosal portion. Occipital breadth

greater than in fesficularis. Palatal cavities long, but not

proportionally broader than in the smaller species. Auditory

bull rather larger than in testicular’s. Incisors broad and

heavy. Molars rather larger than in the Sennaar species,

especially m*.

Dimensions in millimetres (measured in the flesh) :—

Average of

10 adults. Max. Min.

Head and body ...... 174 195 150

Coll "Gh Se 1389 148 180

WIM IOOG cece co. 35 38 33

Adult skull: greatest length 40 mm. ; basilar length 34;

condylo-incisive length 39; zygomatic breadth 21°5; inter-

orbital constriction 6; squamosal breadth of cranium 16;

length of nasals 15°5; palatilar length 19; length of palatal

foramina 9; alveolar length of upper molar series 8.

Many adult skulls of niloticus are rather smaller than the

above dimensions, in some cases the greatest length being

only 88 mm.

* A. rex, Thos., is not included in this paper, as its affinities are very

doubtful. In size it is far greater than any of the species mentioned here

(head and body 212 mm., tail 175).

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 23

342 Mr. G. Dollman on Arvicanthis abyssinicus

Type locality. Egypt. ;

This species appears to be fairly generally distributed in

Northern Egypt ; the Museum collection contains specimens

from Cairo, Giza, and the Fayoum. Thespecimens from the

latter locality represent the species described by Lichtenstein

as Hypudeus variegatus, and are quite similar to the Cairo

specimens of niloficus; thus the name variegatus must be

regarded as a synonym of niloticus, and not as referring to

any member of the testvcularts group.

Mus discolor, Wagner, is founded on a bleached specimen

of niloticus, the hind foot, which measures some 36 mm. in

length, showing its relation with the large-footed Egyptian

specics. The type locality is given as Lower Egypt, so

there is no difficulty in regarding discolor ‘merely as a

synonym of niloticus.

(6) Arvicanthis abyssinicus, Riipp.

Mus abyssinicus, Riippell, Mus. Senck. iii. p. 104, pl. vii. fig. 1 (1842).

A medium-sized species, greyish olive in colour, with

dorsal stripe usually distinct and tail comparatively short.

Size of body a great deal less than in néloticus, averaging

only 145 mm. in length ; hind foot rather small (27 mm.),

tail short. General colour of dorsal surface greyish olive,

lined with black and washed over with buff, the general effect

somewhat similar to that of nloticus, but lighter and more

finely speckled. Flanks rather paler than back. Dorsal

stripe usually well marked, though in many cases it is almost

lost amidst the black speckling on the back, especially in

bleached individuals. Light markings under and behind ears

well marked, more so than in any other species; this feature

is especially noticeable in the juvenile pelage, an account of

which is given below under A. caphiri. Face with buffy ocular

rings and yellowish-orange nasal region. Backs of hands

and feet dirty white, tinted with pale buff. Underparts

brownish or greyish white mixed with buff; ventral surface

not differentiated at all from flanks, the general colour of the

flanks gradually passing into the mixed brownish or greyish

white of the belly. Tail short and rather more hairy than

in many of the subspecies; dark above, pale buffy white

below.

Skull smaller than in ¢esticularis or niloticus. Zygoma

expanded, not markedly so in the squamosal region. Brain-

case short and broad. Auditory bulle rather more inflated

than in the preceding species. Teeth comparatively large ;

molar series equal in size to those of testécularis.

——

and allied East- African Species. j43

Dimensions in millimetres (measured in the flesh) :—

Average of

10 adults, Max. Min,

Head and body ...... 145 165 141

of Tt al A AE Ie jib 122 108

MSRAMIEO ODI € pisiasni hres 20 29 25

Adult skull: greatest length 35°6 mm. ; basilar length 30;

condylo-incisive length 33°9; zygomatic breadth 18°5; inter-

orbital constriction 4; squamosal breadth of cranium 14;

length of nasals 13; palatilar length 16; length of palatal

foramina 7°2; alveolar length of upper molar series 7:3.

Type locality. Simen and Shoa, Abyssinia.

Arvicanthis abyssinicus appears to occur over the greater

part of Southern Abyssinia. In the Museum collection are

two co-types of the species, which, though rather faded, agree

very closely with the material more recently collected and

from which the above description is taken. In addition to

the typical specimens the collection contains representatives

of true abyssinicus from the following localities :—Holota,

Addis Alem, Addis Ababa, Barka Plains, Lake Tsana, Koosa,

Sellin, Arrusi Plateau, and Yah- Yah (N.W. Shoa).

Meriones lacernatus, Riipp.*, described from Abyssinia,

appears to represent abyssinicus in an abnormal condition of

pelage, either during a change of fur or else in a state of

erythrism. The skin-dimensions (head and body 143 mm.,

tail 97, hind foot 26°5) are quite similar to those of

abyssinicus. .

(7) Arvicanthis abyssinicus saturatus, subsp. n.

A very dark-coloured form, allied to A. abysstnicus, Riipp.

In size rather less than in abyssinicus, but not markedly so

in the general skin-dimensions. Upper surface of body dark

blackish, sprinkled with pale greyish buff, the general effect

very much blacker than in abyssinicus or any of the allied

forms. Dorsal stripe well marked, rather more so than is

usually the case in the typical species. Flanks similar in

colour to back, not paling towards the ventral surface. Face

much darker and less buff-coloured, only the ocular rings and

tip of nose tinted with pale buff. ars clothed with dark

hairs speckled with pale buff. Light patches under and

behind ears as in abyssinicus. Backs of hands and feet dark

brownish black speckled with buff; toes blackish brown.

Under surface of body blackish brown, washed with pale

* Mus. Senck. iii. pp. 96, 115, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1842).

Zo"

344 Mr. G. Dollman on Arvicanthis abyssinicus

buff; hairs of belly and throat with slaty-black bases and

buffy-white tips. Tail short, rather less hairy than in

abyssinicus ; above dark blackish brown, below dark grey-

coloured.

Skull a trifle smaller than in Riippell’s species, nasals

rather short.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 136 mm.; tail 112; hind foot 28°5;

ear 16.

Skull: greatest length 32°5; basilar length 27°3 ; condylo-

incisive length 31:5; zygomatic breadth 17; interorbital

constriction 4°7 ; squamosal breadth of cranium 13°5; length

of nasals 11; palatilar length 15; length of palatal foramina 7 ;

alveolar length of upper molar series 7.

Hab. Didessa River, near Guma, Abyssinia.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 6. 11. 1. 70. Original

number 83. Collected on June 5th, 1905, by Ph. Zaphiro,

and presented to the British Museum by W. N. McMillan,

Esq.

The very much darker and blacker colour of this Arv/-

canthis at once distinguishes it from the greyish olive-coloured

abyssinicus. Itis interesting to note that the young specimens

of this new form are quite as dark as the adults, and thus the

difference between the young of the two forms is most

striking, the young pelage of abysstnicus being a great deal

paler than in the adult phase. In addition to the type, this

new race is represented in the Museum collection by three

further specimens, all collected near the type locality, in the

Guma district.

(8) Arvicanthis abyssinicus rubescens, Wrought.

Arvicanthis a. rubescens, Wrought, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iv.

p. 588 (1909).

Very similar in size to abyssinicus, hind foot rather larger,

colour darker and redder, dorsal stripe less distinct.

Size of body rather larger than that of abyssinicus (average

length 158 mm.); hind foot large (30 mm.) ; tail short.

General colour darker and more ochraceous than in abyssini-

cus, the whole dorsal surface washed with arich buff-coloured

tint. No light areas behindears. Face like that of abyssini-

cus, rather richer in colour. Dorsal stripe indistinct, in some

cases almost invisible. Backs of hands and feet buff-coloured.

Under surface rather lighter than in abyssinicus. Tail less

hairy, but very similar in colour.

and allied East-African Species. 345

Skull a trifle smaller than that of abyssinicus, with smaller

molars.

Dimensions in millimetres (measured in the flesh) :—

Average of

10 adults. Max, Min.

Head and body ...... 158 77 142

ERM tdi» < 4.00. 6's 1l4 125 105

PERE POOR! Sues » ay he's 80 32 28

Adult skull (type): greatest length 35 mm.; basilar

length 28°4; condylo-incisive length 32:8; zygomatic

breadth 17-9; interorbital constriction 5; squamosal breadth

of cranium 13°5; length of nasals 13°4 ; palatilar length 15°6 ;

length of palatal foramina 7:2 ; alveolar length of upper molar

series 6°5.

Type locality. Kibero, Unyoro, Uganda.

Type in British Museum, no. 2. 11. 1. 16.

In addition to a series from the type locality, this form is

represented in the Museum collection by specimens from the

following localities:—Burumba (Ankole), Ruwenzori, En-

tebbe, Mbarara (Uganda), Masaka (Uganda), and Kigezi

(Uganda).

This race would also appear to range northwards towards

the Bahr-el-Ghazal, as a series of specimens from Lango and

Nimule, recent accessions to the collection, undoubtedly

represent true rubescens; it is also noted by Heller as

occurring near Lado and Gondokoro.

(9) Arvicanthis abyssinicus nubilans, Wrought.

Arvicanthis a. nubilans, Wroughton, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iv.

p- 589 (1902).

A medium-sized, dark brownish olive-coloured race,

without dorsal stripe.

Size of body, hind foot, and tail about as in the last form,

General colour a good deal darker than in rubescens, the

black ground-colour quite as dark as in niloticus, Buff-

coloured annulations on hairs well-marked, the general

speckled effect about as in the two following races. No trace

of dark dorsal stripe in adult pelage. Flanks a good deal

paler than back. Backs of hands and feet brownish,

speckled with buff. Ventral surface much as in rubescens,

the white hair-tips rather longer, giving the belly a lighter

appearance ; this character, however, is not constant, some

specimens of rubescens being quite similar to nubilans as

346 Mr. G. Dollman on Arvicanthis abyssinicus

regards the ventral colouring. Tail a little longer and more

hairy than that of rubescens.

Skull very like that of abyss¢nicus, rather heavier in build,

with a slightly larger brain-case. Nasals in type specimen

shorter than in rest of series.

Dimensions in millimetres (measured in the flesh) :—

Average of ;

10 adults. Max. Min.

Head and body ...... 155 170 140

ale oop Bete piers eB = 117 125 115

MA TOOE 1 were as 29 30 27

Adult skull (type): greatest length 35:5 mm.; basilar

Jength 29°5; condylo-incisive length 33°5 ; zygomatic

breadth 18°35; interorbital constriction 5; squamosal breadth

of cranium 14; length of nasals 12°5; palatilar length 16 ;

length of palatal foramina 7; alveolar length of upper molar

series 7.

Type locality. Kisumu, British East Africa.

‘ype in British Museum, no. 10. 4. 2. 29.

Specimens belonging to this race have been received from

the following localities :—Kisumu, Mumias, and Kirui

(Elgon), British East Africa.

(10) Arvicanthis abyssinicus nairobe, Alien.

1909. Arvicanthis nairobe, Allen, Bull. Am. Mus, N. H. p. 168.

1909. Arvicanthis abyssinicus nairobe, Wrought. Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. (8) iv. p. 587.

Smaller in size than any of the preceding forms, with

grey-coloured hands and feet and greyisl-white under

surface.

Size of body small (136 mm.) ; hind foot and tail short.

General colour much as in typical abyssinicus, but speckling

rather finer. Flanks rather paler than back, washed with

buff. No dorsal stripe. Backs of hands and feet greyish.

Under surface greyish white, markedly less buff-coloured

than in preceps or neumannit; hairs of belly with long

white tips. ‘l'ail shorter and less hairy than in the larger

forms ; upper surface dark blackish brown, underside dirty

white.

Skull very similar to that of nubélans in general shape,

dimensions rather less. Molar teeth narrower than in the

preceding species,

and allied East-African Species. 347

Dimensions in millimetres (measured in the flesh) :—

Average of

3 adults,

Head and body ........ 135

eins coin < satus se bas 107

MIRA TOONS) oes on i's 27°5

Adult skull: greatest length 34°3 mm. ; basilar length 29 ;

condylo-incisive length 33; zygomatic breadth 18 ; inter-

orbital constriction 5 ; squamosal breadth of cranium 13°6 ;

length of nasals 13°2; palatilar length 15°6; length of

palatal foramina 7; alveolar length of upper molar series 7.

Type locality. Nairobi, British East Africa.

In the British Museum are three specimens from the type

locality, and from these the above description has been taken.

(11) Arvicanthis abyssinicus preceps, Wrought.

Arvicanthis a. preceps, Wroughton, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iv.

p. 538 (1909).

Closely allied to the foregoing form, differing only in the

hands and feet being golden yellow and the under surface

strongly tinted with buff.

Size of body about as in nairobe, tail rather longer

(111 mm.), hind foot a little smaller. General colour of

dorsal surface quite similar to that of nairobe. No dorsal

stripe. Backs of hands and feet richly tinted with orange-

buff. Ventral surface of body dirty greyish white, washed

with buff. ‘Tail like that of natrobe, but rather lighter

above.

Skull very much like that of nazrobe, molars rather smaller,

but not markedly so. Brain-case narrow.

The skull measured below is that of an old Baringo

specimen.

Dimensions in millimetres (measured in the flesh) :—

Average of

10 adults. Max. Min.

Head and body...... 142 152 131

Rar lemeeee a8hs a. iii 116 108

ind shoots sci: eae 26°6 28 25

Adult skull: greatest length 34°5 mm.; basilar length 28°3 ;

condylo-incisive length 33 ; zygomatic breadth 17:5; inter-

orbital constriction 5; squamosal breadth of cranium 13°5;

length of nasals 13; palatilar length 15:3 ; length of palatal

foramina 7 ; alveolar length of upper molar series 6°5.

548 Mr. G. Dollman on Arvicanthis abyssinicus

IIab. Naivasha, British East Africa.

Type. In British Museum, no. 0. 6. 21. 34.

Mr. Kemp, during Mr. C. D. Rudd’s Expedition in British

Kast Africa, collected a large series of this form at Baringo

and Rumruti (Laikipia Plateau). A specimen from Nandi,

also collected by Mr. Kemp, undoubtedly represents the same

race, so that it is evident that praceps is widely distributed

over this part of Hast Africa.

(12) Arvicanthis abyssinicus neumannt, Matsch.

Mus neumanni, Matschie, SB. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1894, p. 204.

In size about equal to natrobe, but darker and more oclira-

ecous in colour ; evidently closely allied to both natrobe and

praceps.

Size of body and tail about as in nairobe; hind foot

rather smaller, average length 26 mm. General colour like

that of preceps, but richer and darker in colour, the black

ground-colour more evident and washed with ochraceous

buff, the reddish tint paling on the flanks to yellowish buff.

No trace of dorsal stripe. Backs of hands and feet brownish,

speckled with buff. Underparts as in preceps. ‘Tail like

that of natrobe.

Skull rather smaller than in the other races of abysstnicus.

Auditory bull less inflated than in preceps or natrobe.

Dimensions in millimetres (measured in the flesh) :—

Average of

7 adults. Max. Min.

Head and body ...... 139 149 132

Tail cccicnmae eee 106 lll 101

Hind foot “eee en 26 27 25°65

Adult skull: greatest length 32°8 mm.; basilar length

27°5; condylo-incisive length 31°5 ; zygomatic breadth 17 ;

interorbital constriction 4*8 ; squamosal breadth of cranium 13;

length of nasals 12°4; palatilar length 15; length of palatal

foramina 6°6 ; alveolar length of upper molar series 6°3.

Type locality. Burunge, Irangi, south of Kilimanjaro,

The above description is taken from a series of specimens

recently collected by Mr. Kemp at Taveta, Kilimanjaro.

‘This southern race was also represented in a collection from

Voi; so it is evident that the distribution of newmanni ex-

tends eastwards from Kilimanjaro towards the coast and

southwards towards Mpapua,

The three forms natrobe, preceps, and neumanni appear to

be very closely related to one another, as would be expected

and allied East-African Species. 349

from their geographical distribution, and on this account

it is necessary to consider all three forms as representing

closely allied geographical races,

The dimensions given by Matschie in his original descrip-

tion of neumanni are considerably less than those of the

series in the Museum collection from Kilimanjaro and Voi.

I cannot, however, find any trace of difference in the general

colour described by Matschie and that represented by the

Museum series of neumanni; and since the localities are

comparatively close together, it seems best to accept them as

all representing a single race, and any discrepancies in size

must be regarded as due to variations in age.

Pelomys reichardi, described by Noack * from Karema,

Tanganyika, may possibly belong to this group, but at present

Iam quite unable to determine the affinities of this species.

‘The Museum collection contains no specimens of the abyssini-

cus group from as far south as ‘l’anganyika, the most southern

locality represented in the collection being Kilimanjaro.

(13) Arvicanthis zaphiri, sp. n.

Similar to A. abyssinicus, Riipp., but with ventral surface

lighter in colour and sharply marked off from the flanks.

Size of body much as in abyssinicus; hind foot a little

larger. General colour of upper surface rather richer than

that of abyssinisus, especially posteriorly. No light patches

behind ears. Dark dorsal stripe absent. Flanks richer and

more buffy in colour. Fore feet like those of abyssinicus,

hind feet rather yellower. Belly whitish, hairs with slate-

grey bases and white tips; ventral surface strikingly different

from that of abyss¢ntcus, the greyish-white belly being rather

sharply marked cff from the buff-coloured flanks. Faint

yellowish stripe down middle of chest and belly.

Skull with anterior portion of brain-case very much

broader than in abysstnicus ; breadth across frontal region, at

the fronto-parietal suture (taken outside the supra-orbital

ridges), 10 mm., a great deal broader than in abyssinicus.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) : —

Head and body 158 mm.; tail 124; hind foot 31;

ear 20.

Skull (occipital region broken): length from tip of nasals

to occipito-parietal suture 31:5; zygomatic breadth 18;

length of nasals 14; greatest breadth across nasals 4; inter-

orbital breadth 6; breadth of brain-case (across squamosal

region) 15°2; palatilar length 16; width of palate inside

* Zool. Jahrb. 1887, ii. p. 235,

350 Mr. G. Dollman on Arvicanthis abyssinicus

m 3; length of palatal foramina 7; alveolar length of upper

tooth-row 7.

Hab. Guma, Southern Abyssinia. Altitude 2200 feet.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 6. 11. 1. 33. Original

number 85. Collected on May 9th, 1905, by Ph. Zaphiro,

and presented to the British Museum by W. N. McMillan,

Lsq.

This new form appears to be closely related to A. abyssini-

cus, but cannot be regarded as a geographical race of that

species, both on account of the distribution of the two forms

and the marked differences that exist between them. These

differences are especially noticeable in the young individuals,

and the following note as to the appearance of the juvenile

pelage may be of value in determining the two species.

In A. abyssinicus the young specimens are yellowish olive

in colour, with a well-marked dark dcrsal stripe extending

from the forehead to root of tail; shoulders and neck paler

than rest of upper surface. Belly greyish buff, the tint

gradually darkening towards the flanks, with no sharp line

of demarcation between the ventral surface and sides of body.

The young of zaphirt are brownish speckled with buff, the

posterior part of the back tinged with rusty red. No notice-

able light area on shoulders or neck. No trace of dorsal

stripe. Belly whitish, sharply marked off from the buff-

coloured flanks, the contrast between the two areas more

vivid in the youny than in the adult pelage.

In addition to the type there are three further specimens

of zaphiri in the Museum collection from the type locality,

and these all agree with the above description.

— (14) Arvicanthis rumruti, Dollm.

Arvicanthis rumrutt, Dollman, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) viii. p. 128

(1911).

A small species, apparently intermediate between the

abyssinicus and somalicus groups.

Size smaller than any of the preceding forms; tail short,

average length 95 mm. General colour of dorsal surface

pale greyish brown, faintly tinted with a light straw-coloured

wash ; the general effect much greyer and paler than in the

abyssinicus group. Ears clothed with short grey hairs, a

character that at once distinguishes this species trom somali-

cus, in which the ears are bright orange. Flanks paler and

greyer than back, the grey tint passing fairly abruptly into

the white of the ventral surface. Backs of hands and feet

—_—

and allied Eust-African Species. 351

greyish, faintly tinted with pale buff. Under surface of body

whitish ; hairs with grey bases and white tips. ‘Tail short,

coloured much as in preceps ; ventral surface less buffy.

Skull small, in size hardly larger than that of somalicus.

Molar teeth much smaller than in the allied species.

~ Dimensions in millimetres (measured in the flesh) :—

Average of

10 adults. Max. Min,

Head and body ...... 132 140 128

0 NC BAPE er 95 107 88

Band foot. tse. 258 27 23

Adult skull (type): greatest length 31°8 mm.; basilar length

26°1; condylo-incisive length 30; zygomatic breadth 16; inter-

orbital constriction 4°3 ; squamosal breadth of cranium 13:2;

Jeneth of nasals 12; palatilar length 14°3; length of palatal

foramina 7; alveolar length of upper molar series 5:9.

_ Type locality. Rumruti, Laikipia Plateau, British Hast

Africa.

Type in British Museum. Original number 1413. Col-

lected by Mr. Robin Kemp on October 25th, 1910.

The type locality is at present the only district in which

this species has been found. It does not appear to occur

either at Baringo on the west side or in the Eusso Nyiro

district to the east of Rumruti, since Mr. Kemp found only

A. preceps at Baringo and chanleri and reptans in the Eusso

Nyiro district. Probably this small Rumruti species is con-

fined to the high altitudes of the Laikipia Plateau.

(15) Arvicanthis somalicus, Thos.

Arvicanthis somalicus, Thomas, P, Z. S. 1902, ii. p. 312.

In size about equal to rumrut? ; general colour sandy buff,

mixed with brownish black.

Size of body and tail about as in the foregoing species ;

hind foot rather smaller, average length 24 mm. General

colour pale sandy buff, lined with black and pale brown.

Flanks paler and yellower than back. Nose, ocular rings,

and ears orange-buff. Backs of hands and feet buffy white.

Ventral surface of body white, hairs with grey bases and

white tips. Flanks fairly distinctly marked off from belly,

though this character is not evident in the type, which

appears to be rather a bleached specimen. ‘Tail short and

similar in colour to that of the Rumruti species.

Skull small, rather less than in rumruti. Brain-case and

audilory bulla much smaller than in the abyss¢nzcus group.

352 Mr. G. Dollman on Arvicanthis abyssinicus

Dimensions in millimetres (measured in the flesh) :—

Average of

8 adults. Max. Min.

Head and body ...... 127 134 120

Daily axe deeetaeiatter’ se 99 108 94

Find LOO os iayesousis ons is 24 25 23

Adult skull (type): greatest length 30°4 mm. ; basilar

length 26; condylo-incisive length 29°9 ; zygomatic breadth

16 ; squamosal breadth of cranium 12; interorbital constric-

tion 5; length of nasals 12°7; palatilar length 14°3; length

of palatal foramina 6°5; alveolar length of upper molar

series 6.

Type locality. Shuk, Northern Somaliland.

Type in British Museum, no, 97. 12, 3. 9.

Since this species was described Dr. Drake-Brockman has

presented to the Museum a series of Arvicanthis from Upper

Sheikh, Somaliland, and these specimens, although rather

richer in colour than the type, apparently represent the true

somalicus.

(16) Arvicanthis reptans, Dollm.

Arvicanthis reptans, Dollman, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vill. p. 129

(1911).

The smallest species of the abyssinicus group at present

known; allied to somalicus.

Size of body small, average length 114 mm.; tail and hind

foot much as in somalicus. General colour above pinkish

brown speckled with black, the black tint most evident down

the middle of the back. Flanks rather more buff-coloured

than back, sharply marked off from the white ventral surface.

Hairs of back with black bases, buff-coloured subterminal

rings, and dark tips. Ocular rings, nose, and ears bright

orange-buff. Backs of hands and feet light buffy orange.

Under surface of body greyish white tinted with buff. Tail

as in somalicus, dark blackish brown above and light buff

below.

Skull like that of somalicus, but smaller and less elongate.

Molar teeth rather small.

Dimensions in millimetres (measured in the flesh) :—

Average of

10 adults. Max. Min.

Head and body ...... 114 121 100

Aisin? Bier cates Wer ceitids 97 lll 87

Mind foot sacs est 24 25 22°65

and allied East-African Species. 353

Adult skull (type): greatest length 29 mm.;_ basilar

length 24; condylo-incisive length 26; zygomatic breadth

16; interorbital constriction 4°8 ; squamosal breadth of

cranium 12; length of nasals 11; palatilar length 12°5 ;

length of palatal foramina 6; alveolar length of upper molar

series 6,

Type locality. Nyama Nyango, Kusso Nyiro, Kast Africa.

Type in British Museum. Original number 1787. Col-

lected by Mr. Robin Kemp on January 25th, 1911.

This species is represented in the Museum collection by a

long series of specimens from the type locality and the

Chanler Falls, Eusso Nyiro. It is evidently allied to the

Somaliland species, as shown by its small size and pale

pinkish-buff colouring.

(17) Arvicanthis chanler?, Dollm.

Arvicanthis chanleri, Dollman, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) viii, p. 180

(1911).

A large-sized species of the somalicus group, allied to

reptans.

Size rather larger than in somalicus ; tail markedly longer

(122 mm.). General colour much as in reptans, rather

lighter and yellower, the black ground-colour less dominant.

Ears, nose, ocular rings, and backs of hands and feet orange-

buff. Flanks washed with a rich buffy tint. Ventral surface

white tinged with buff. Tail as in somalicus.

Skull larger than that of somalicus, in general proportions

equalling that of the abyssinicus group.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 131 mm.; tail 122; hind foot 25;

ear 14:5.

Adult skull (type): greatest length 34 mm.;_ basilar

length 27 ; condylo-incisive length 31 ; zygomatic breadth 17 ;

interorbital constriction 4°8; squamosal breadth of cranium

12°4; length of nasals 11:7; palatilar length 14°2; length of

palatal foramina 6°6; alveolar length of upper molar series 675.

Type locality. Chanler Falls, Husso Nyiro, East Africa.

Type in British Museum. Original number 1769. Col-

lected by Mr. Robin Kemp on January 23rd, 1911.

Mr. Kemp collected three further specimens of this species

in the Eusso Nyiro district.

354 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

XLIIJ.—On the Ruteline Coleoptera of Ceylon, with Descrip-

tions of new Species. By Giipert J. Arrow.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In a list of eleven species of Rutelinz from Ceylon, published

by my friend Dr. Ohaus in 1900, the author has remarked

that all but a single species (of Adoretus) occur also upon

the mainland of India. Dr. Ohaus’s list, of course, was not

intended as a complete one, and his determinations require

revision; but, lest the statement referred to should be

regarded by any student of zoogeographical or faunistic

problems as containing a general principle, it seems desirable

to emphasize the fact that the study of much ampler materials

than those available to Dr. Ohaus has produced results

pointing in an opposite direction.

Having had the opportunity of studying fairly numerous

examples of the Ruteline of Ceylon collected by Messrs.

E. E. Green, George Lewis, W. Braine, and others, I have

been able to draw up a list of nearly treble the length of

that of Dr. Ohaus, and with considerable surprise, in view of

my previous study of the Cetoniine and Dynastinz of the

island, I have found that the very large majority of the

species are peculiar to Ceylon, so far as can be at present

determined. Of the whole number of thirty-one species here

enumerated, only seven can be said with certainty to occur

elsewhere. This large proportion of indigenous species will

probably be found to recur in the Melolonthine, but is

quite at variance with that found in the Cetoniine and

Dynastine, and, the habits of all these subfamilies being

similar, seems to imply a comparatively recent evolution of

species in the present group. Most of the Ceylon Ruteline

have close allies on the mainland, but only in the case of

Anomala superflua, illusa, and chloronota is there difficulty

in their separation. A few, like Anomala variegata and

chloromela, are rather isolated forms.

Hight or ten species of the genus Adoretus known to me

have been excluded from the present paper because

Dr. Ohaus is now engaged upon a revision of that genus,

and the Ceylonese species probably include representatives of

several proposed new genera yet unnamed and undefined.

The large tropical genera, Anomala, Mimela, Parastasia,

and Adoretus, all having representatives peculiar to Ceylon,

it is surprising to find the very abundant and widespread

Ruteline Coleoptera of Ceylon. 355

genus Popillia represented there only by the common South-

Indian species P. complanata. Judging by the common

occurrence of that species, this cannot be attributed to any

unfavourable local conditions, but must be supposed to be

due to the late migration southwards of the genus.

Rhinyptia meridionalis, sp. n.—Peradeniya. Occurs also

in Travancore.

Micranomala cingalensis, Arrow.—Colombo. A closely

related species occurs in South India, and a third in Tenas-

serim. Genus and species have been recently described by

me (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vii. 1911, p. 268).

Anomala (subg. Spilota) variegata, Walk. (princeps, Kr.).

—Pundalu-oya.

A, chloromela, sp. n.

A. dussumieri, B|l.— Colombo, Kandy, Peradeniya, Dikoya.

This also occurs in Southern India.

Ambalangoda.

A. chloronota, sp. n.—Trincomalee, Peradeniya, Hini-

duma, Mamadu. No doubt this is the insect recorded by

Dr. Ohaus as A. perplexa, Hope, to which it is very closely

related.

A, discalis, Walker.—A quite distinct and apparently rare

species.

A. varicolor, Gyll.—Peradeniya, Nilgata.—This is a very

variable and widely distributed Indian insect.

A. discors, Karsch.—I do not know this, but Dr. Ohaus

has very kindly examined for me the type in the Berlin

Museum, and he tells me that the species is nearly related

to A. varicolor, and quite wrongly called Rhinoplia by Karsch.

Dr. Ohaus has also seen examples from South India.

A. conformis, Walker.—The type in the British Museum

remains unique.

A. pellucida, sp. n.—This is described from South India

as well as Ceylon.

A, walkeri, Arrow (=humeralis, Walker) —Common in

many parts of the island. It is no doubt the species re-

corded by Dr. Ohaus as A. ypsilon. That species is an

inhabitant of Java.

A. gravida, sp. n.—Colombo, Ambalangoda. Closely

related to A. walkeri, but larger.

556 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

A, infantilis, sp. n.—Diyatalawa, Madulsima, Kelani

Valley.

A. superflua, sp. n.—Colombo, Peradeniya. ‘his is pro-

bably the form referred to by Dr. Ohaus as A. varians,

under which name are at present comprised a number of

excessively similar species.

A. illusa, sp. n.—Trincomalee. Thisis a second Ceylonese

species of the group just mentioned.

A, fracta, Walk.

A, hamifera, Walk.—Hakgala.

A. (subg. Singhala) tenella, Bl.—A very common little

insect injurious to tea-plants.

A. (subg. Singhala) hindu, Hell.—Kandy, Peradeniya,

Ampbalangoda.

A, (subg. Singhala) vidua, Hell—I do not know this

species.

A. infiza, Walk.—The type of this is unknown and the

species is unrecognizable.

Mimela macleayana, Vig.—Wellawaya. This is a South-

Indian species.

M. mundissima, Walk.—Colombo, Maskeliya, Dikoya.

Referred to by Dr. Ohaus as M. xanthorrhina, Hope, the

name of its representative in South India.

Popillia complanata, Newm.—This is an abundant species

in Southern India.

Parastasia basalis, Cand.—Colombo, Peradeniya.

P. cingala, Arr.—Dikoya.

Adoretus singhalensis, Ohaus.— Kandy, Maskeliya.

A. mavis, sp. n.—Bogawantalawa.

A, leo, sp. n.—Ohiya.

A. ursus, sp. n.— Hakgala.

Rhinyptia meridionalis, sp. n.

Elongato-ovata, pallide testacea, fronte, prothoracis vittis duabus

obliquis, sutura elytrorumque marginibus posticis extremis nigris ;

corpore supra polito, nudo, clypeo impunctato, breviter rostrato,

fronte crebre punctato; prothorace sat lato, modice punctato,

lateribus leviter arcuatis; scutello punctato; elytris sat fortiter

Ruteline Coleoptera of Ceylon, 357

striato-punctatis; pygidio grosse punctato; tibiis anticis tridentatis,

dente supero obtuso.

Long. 12-5-13°5 mm. ; lat. max, 6-7 mm.

Hab. Cryton: Peradeniya (2. E. Green, Oct. and Nov.

1910); Travancore (N. Annandale): Pallode (20 miles

N.E. of Trivandrum), Maddathoray, Tenmalai (W. slopes of

Western Ghats).

Pale testaceous, with the clypeus and tarsi red, the head,

the suture and posterior margins of the elytra, and an oblique

mark on each side of the pronotum near the base black.

The sutural stripe is generally dilated around the scutellum,

and in well-marked individuals there is an additional black

mark upon the apical callus of each elytron. In pale

specimens the thoracic marks disappear.

The shape is elongate-oval and the whole body is very

smooth and shining, with very scanty hairs beneath. The

clypeus is glossy and almost unpunctured, with its sides

convergent to the point of flexure, the median carina very

sharp, and the rostrum short, with the front margin rounded.

The forehead is finely and closely punctured. The pronotum

is broad, convex, moderately finely and closely punctured,

and gently rounded at the sides. The scutellum bears a

few punctures and the elytra are regularly and moderately

strongly striate-punciate, the second row of punctures

breaking up in its anterior half. The pygidium is deeply

and coarsely punctured, the metasternum coarsely punetured

and thinly hairy. The front tibia is tridentate, the upper-

most tooth being very obtuse and feeble. The larger claw of

the front foot is cleft.

The extremity of the front tibia is sharper in the male,

but the two sexes otherwise differ little.

This species closely resembles R. suturalis, Kraatz, but is

rather larger and may be easily distinguished by its smooth

shining clypeus.

Anomala chloromela, sp. n.

Lete viridis, clypeo, pronoti lateribus, elytrisque pallidioribus,

corpore subtus pedibusque aureo-rufis, metasterni lateribus tibiis-

que extus plus minusve viridibus; late ovalis, convexa, nitida,

pectore breviter pubescenti ; clypeo lato, antice fere recto, rugose

punctato, fronte dense punctato; pronoto sat crebre punctato;

scutello paulo punctato ; elytris parum dense aut profunde punc-

tatis, anguste membranaceo-marginatis ; pygidio minute irregu-

lariter punctato; metasterni lateribus crebre punctatis, medio

polito, mesosterno breviter acute producto.

Long. 17-18 mm.; lat. max. 10-10°5 mm.

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 24

358 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

Hab. Ceyton: Ambalangoda (#. E. Green, March 1911).

Bright grass-green, with the clypeus, lateral margins of

the prothorax and elytra pea-green, and the lower surface

and legs golden red, with the sides of the metasternum and

outer edges of the tibize more or less green.

The body is compact, oval, convex, and very smooth and

shining. ‘The clypeus is broad, nearly straight im front, and

finely and rugosely punctured, the clypeal suture straight

and impressed, and the forehead densely punctured. The

pronotum is rather closely and strongly punctured, espe-

cially at the sides; it is strongly rounded laterally, with the

front angles rather sharp and the hind angles right angles.

The base is broadly rounded in the middle and not margined.

The scutellum is finely and sparingly punctured. The elytra

are rather scantily and shallowly punctured, the punctures

becoming rather coarse at the sides and apices, and most of

them forming imperfect longitudinal lines. The marginal

membrane is narrow. The pygidium is finely and rather

irregularly punctured. The metasternum is densely punc-

tured and hairy at the sides, smooth and shining in the

middle, and there is a short but sharp mesosternal process.

The front tibia is strongly bidentate, and the longer claw of

the front and middle tarsi is cleft.

g. The inner front claw is broad, acute, and strongly

angulated at the middle of its lower edge.

This is an interesting connecting-link between those forms

which have a mesosternal process and the Euchlora group, in

which there is none, but to which A. chloromela has in all

other respects the closest resemblance.

Anomala chloronota, sp. n.

Obscure viridis vel olivaceo-viridis, pronoti lateribus anguste, pygidio

postice nonnunquam, corpore subtus femoribusque viridescenti-

vel aureo-flavis, tibiis tarsisque saturate viridibus, metallicis ;

ovalis, convexa, corpore supra omnino densissime sat minute

punctato, elytrorum punctis inzequalibus, nonnunquam con-

fluentibus, lineis longitudinalibus vix perspicuis, marginibus

posticis anguste membranaceis ; pygidio haud dense strigoso, vix

piloso; metasterni lateribus dense punctatis, breviter pubescenti-

bus, medio nitido, mesosterno haud producto.

Long. 15-20 mm. ; lat. max. 9-11°5 mm,

Hab. Ceyton: Trinecomali, Peradeniya, Mamadu, Hini-

duma, Colombo, Kelani Valley.

Rather deep green, sometimes becoming olivaceous upon

the elytra, with the extreme lateral margins of the pronotum,

Ruteline Coleoptera of Ceylon. 359

the whole of the lower surface, the femora, and often the

posterior part of the pygidium yellow, with a faint metallic

tinge, and the tibiz and tarsi deep metallic green.

The body is compactly oval and convex and very densely

punctured over the whole upper surface. The clypeus and

forehead are very deeply and densely punctured, the clypeus

broad and nearly straight in the middle. The pronotum and

scutellum are finely punctured, the punctures very dense on

the former and becoming coarser at the sides. The elytra

are equally densely and rather more coarsely punctured, with

slight indications of longitudinal rows of punctures. The

marginal membrane is extremely narrow. The pygidium is

moderately closely rugosely punctured, and bears very scanty

seta, and the metasternum is densely punctured and thinly

pubescent at the sides.

This species is one of the numerous very closely similar

forms of the Euchlora group related to 4, perplexa, Hope.

It is almost identical in size, shape, and coloration to that,

but the membranous margins of the elytra are narrower and

the pygidium less hairy. °A. malabari iensis, Bl., is also very

similar, but smaller and more elongate, w ith the front angles

of the prothorax sharper, the elytra with distinct rows of

punctures larger than the rest, the pygidium densely rugose,

and the tibiz and tarsi slightly coppery instead of green.

Anomala pellucida, sp. u.

Pallide testacea, capite, tibiis posticis, tarsis omnibus, pronoti mar-

gine postico, scutelli elytrorumque marginibus extremis angus-

tissime rufis ; breviter cylindrica, convexa, polita; capite minute

rugoso, clypeo antice verticeque punctatis ; prothorace subtiliter

punctato, lateribus fortiter curvatis, angulis anticis acutis, posticis

fere rotundatis; scutello subtilissime punctato, apice vix angu-

lato; elytris profunde striatis, striis crebre punctatis ; pygidio

modice punctato, metasterno crebre punctato, parce hirto ; pedum

anticorum tibiis fortiter bidentatis, ungue majori fisso :

é, clava antennali longa, ungue antico majori paulo dilatato.

Long. 16-18 mm. ;,Jat. max. 9-10 mm.

Hab. S. Inpia: Madura; Cryton.

Pale testaceous yellow, with the head (except an undefined

pale patch on each side of the clypeus), the hind tibiz, tarsi,

and extreme edges of the scutellum, elytra, and base of the

pronotum reddish,

The insect is broadly cylindrical and convex. The head is

finely rugose, with the anterior part of the clypeus and the

hinder part of the vertex shining and distinctly punctured.

24*

360 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

The clypeus is short, with strongly reflexed margins, and

broadly rounded at the sides. The pronotum is lightly

punctured, strongly rounded at the sides, with the front

angles acute and the hind angles rounded, and the base

margined and slightly prominent in the middle. The

scutellum is lightly punctured and scarcely angulated at the

apex. The elytra are deeply striated, with the striz closely

punctured, the subsutural one broken up at the base and

the interstices very smooth and rather convex. The pygidium

is finely but rather deeply punctured, aud the metasternum

closely punctured and thinly hairy. The front tibia is

strongly bidentate and the larger claw of the front tarsus

cleft.

The antennal club is long in the male and the inner front

claw a little dilated.

Ceylonese specimens in the British Museum are from two

different sources, but the precise locality has not been

recorded. A single male was found by Mr. T. R. Bell in

Madura.

It is a larger and more robust and convex insect than

A. testacea, Bl., and distinguished also by its red head and

hind tibize. The general colour is very pale and the abdomen

of the dry specimens is peculiarly transparent. The cedeagus

of the male is exceptionally short and simple in shape.

Anomala gravida, sp. n.

Late cylindrica, testacea, clypeo tarsisque rufis, fronte, elytrorum

sutura et marginibus extremis humerisque nigris; capite dense

punctato, clypeo brevi, late arcuato, oculis mediocris ; prothorace

lato, minute sat crebre punctato, lateribus arcuatis, basi mar-

ginato; scutello minute punctato; elytris fortiter striato-pune-

tatis; pygidio metasternoque fortiter crebre punctatis; tibiis

anticis 3-dentatis, dente supero obtuso; pedum anticum ungue

majori fisso.

Long. 18 mm.; lat. max. 10 mm.

Hab. Cryton: Kelani Valley (near Colombo, WV. Braine) ;

Labugama (EK. E. Green) ; Balangoda, 1776 ft. (G. Lewis).

Testaceous, with the clypeus and tarsi reddish, and the

forehead, the suture and margins of the elytra, and a spot

on each shoulder black.

The body is broadly cylindrical and not very convex.

The clypeus and head are finely and densely, the former

rugosely, punctured. The clypeus is short, not very nar-

row, with the front margin broadly rounded and not very

strongly reflexed. The pronotum is short, finely punctured,

Ruteline Coleoptera of Ceylon. 361

margined all round and gently rounded at the sides. The

scutellum is finely punctured. The elytra are deeply

punctate-striate, the second stria dividing in the anterior

half. The pygidium and metasternum are rather strongly

and closely punctured. ‘The front tibia is 3-dentate, but the

uppermost tooth is very feeble. The larger claw of the front

foot only is cleft.

3. The club of the antenna is rather long.

This species belongs to the pallida group, and is closely

allied to A. walkeri, Arrow, also a Ceylonese species, which

is smaller and devoid of the black markings of A. gravida.

It is still more like the South-Indian A. communis, Burm..,

but larger, with the eyes rather smaller and the clypeus less

narrow.

Anomala infantilis, sp. n.

Testacea, capite, pronoti medio (plerumque linea angusta medio

divisa), scutello, elytrorum marginibus basalibus et suiuralibus

(cireum scutellum paulo dilatatibus), tibiarum apicibus tarsisque

nigris ve) fuscis, clypeo rufo; elongata, sat parallela, depressa,

eapite valde punctato, clypeo parvo, transverso, margine antico

fere recto ; pronoto modice punctato, lateribus parcius, marginibus

lateralibus omnino valde arcuatis, angulis anticis acutis, posticis

vix distinctis, basi subtilissime trisinuato, marginato ; scutello

minute punctato; elytris fortiter punctato-striatis; pygidio

fortiter inequaliter punctato, parcissime piloso; metasterni

lateribus fortiter sat crebre punctatis, parce pilosis; pedum

anticum tibiis distincte 3-dentatis, ungue majori fisso,

Long. 9-10 mm.; lat. max. 4°5-4:75 mm.

Heb. Cryton: Madulsima, Diyatalawa (7. Bainbrigge

Fletcher), Kelani Valley (Andrewes Coll.).

Testaceous, with the head, the pronotum (except an

irregular outer margin, and generally a very narrow median

line), the scutellum, and the basal and sutural margins of the

elytra (dilating around the scutellum) black or brown. The

clypeus, the extremities of the tibiz, and the tarsi are

reddish. The body is moderately elongate, rather parallel-

sided, and depressed. ‘The head is strongly punctured, the

clypeus small, with the front margin strongly retlexed and

nearly straight in the middle. The eyes are large and the

antennz long. The prothorax is moderately finely and

closely punctured, ‘The lateral margins are strongly and

regularly curved, the front angles acute, and the hind angles

not distinct. The scutellum is minutely punctured and the

elytra strongly punctate-striate, the second stria_ being

disrupted at the base and the fifth and eighth generally more

362 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

or less irregular. The pygidium is strongly but not very

closely punctured, and bears a few long hairs. The sides of

the metasternum are rather closely punctured and thinly

pubescent, and the abdomen is coarsely punctured, each

segment bearing a transverse row of stiff bristles. The front

tibia is 8-dentate and the inner front claw ouly is cleft.

The inner front claw of the male is dilated but very acute,

and the antennal club is very long.

This is a very small species of the pallida and communis

group, to which A. walkeri and gravida also belong, but it

differs from all others in having the scutellum and the greater

part of the pronotum dark.

Anomala superflua, sp. n.

Pallide testacea, capite nigro, pronoti basi scutello elytrisque angus-

tissime nigro-marginatis, clypeo, tibiis posticis tarsisque omnibus

fusco-rufis; elongata, parallela, capite toto minute et creberrime

punctato, pronoto scutelloque subtilissime punctatis, illo modice

confertim, basi anguste marginato; elytris haud profunde aut

crebre seriato-punctatis, spatio subsuturali irregulariter punctato,

marginibus externis sat late membranaceis; pygidio minutissime

punctato ; tibiis anticis 3-dentatis, dente supero obtuso.

Long. 19-22°5 mm.; lat. max. 10-11°5 mm.

¢. Pedum anticum tibia apice acuminata, ungue majori leyiter

dilatato.

@. Pedum anticum apice paulo clavato.

Hab. Cryton : Peradeniya, Sigiriya, Colombo. ;

Pale testaceous, with the head and the extreme edges of

the pronotum, scutellum, and elytra black, and the clypeus

(very deeply), the hind tibize, and all the tarsi red.

The body is elongate, with the elytra only very slightly

wider in the middle than at the shoulders, smooth but not

very shining above, and scarcely convex. The head is en-

tirely very densely punctured, the clypeus nearly straight in

front, with the sides slightly converging. The pronotum is

extremely minutely and rather evenly punctured, finely but

deeply margined all round, with the sides angulated near the

middle, the front angles acute and the hind angles obtuse.

The scutellum is finely punctured and the elytra lightly but

a little more coarsely, most of the punctures, except in the

broad subsutural interstice, forming rather indistinct lines.

The pygidium is finely and irregularly punctured, the meta-

sternum closely punctured and clothed with short erect

pubescence at the sides, scantily punctured and pubescent in

the middle. The abdomen is nearly smooth. The front

Ruteline Coleoptera of Ceylon. 363

] J

tibia has three teeth and the larger claw of the front and

middle feet is cleft.

The tibial teeth of the male are short but not sharp. The

terminal tooth in the female is stout and strongly bent

outwards.

This is not easily distinguishable from A, eladu, F., except

by means of the genitalia of the males, but the clypeus i is of

slightly different shape, its sides being gently convergent,

and the elytra are long and parallel- sided, with relatively

broad membranous margins , especially at the posterior lateral

part. The cedeagus of the male is constricted just before the

end and the paramera are divergent and globularly swollen

at the apices.

Anomala illusa, sp. 0.

Ad A. elatam et superfluam maxime aflinis, sed paulo robustior,

pedibus brevioribus et crassioribus, capite minus dense punctato,

clypeo minori, distincte haud crebre punctato, tibiis anticis latis,

dente tertio obsolescenti, pedum 4 posteriorum tibiis brevibus,

medio inflatis, tarsorum articulis + basalibus transversis, latis.

Long. 22 mm.; lat. max. 12 mm.

Hab. Trincomali (#. EL. Green, Sept. 1910).

This has the closest possible similarity to A. elata, F., and

A. superflua, Arr., but it is rather broader and more convex

and a little more shining, the head is less densely punctured,

the clypeus narrower and less flat and opaque, and the legs

are stouter, all the tibize being shorter and broader and the

basal joints of the middle and hind tarsi more compact.

The third tibial tooth is almost obsolete. The cedeagus of

the male has the paramera simply rounded externally and the

ventral lobe bluntly pointed.

1 know only a single male of this species.

Adoretus mavis, sp. n.

Rufo-brunneus, subtus plerumque plus minusve infuscatus, fronte

prothoraceque levissime metallicis ; corpore crasso, supra undique

flavido-setoso, setis adpressis, modice congestis; scutello con-

fertissime yestitc, singulo elytro seriebus 4 fasciculorum longitudi-

nalibus, pilisque erectis rarissime sparsutis, ornato, corpore sat

crasso, clypeo semicirculari, rugoso, fronte grosse punctato,

pronoto modice brevi, crebre (lateraliter subrugose) punctato,

lateribus sequaliter arcuatis, angulis anticis acutis, posticis valde

obtusis, elytris crebre haud minute punctatis, lineis geminatis

interruptis nonnullis, pygidio rugose punctato, metasterni lateribus

crebre, medio parcissime, punctatis ; tibiis anticis acute 3-dentatis.

Long. 13-14 mm.; lat. max. 6-7 mm.

364 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

Hab. Cryton: Bogawantalawa (4900-5200 feet, G. Lewis).

It is a large, rather massive species, moderately closely

clothed with decumbent whitish setz, which are very dense

upon the scutellum and form four longitudinal rows of closer

agglomerations upon the elytra, which also bear a very few

erect scattered hairs. There is a slight metallic lustre upon

the anterior part of the body. ‘The clypeus is semicircular

and rugose and the forehead coarsely punctured. ‘The pro-

thorax is moderately short, strongly and rather closely punc-

tured, and at the sides rather rugosely. The lateral margins

are continuously rounded, the front angles acute and the

hind angles indistinct. ‘lhe elytra are closely and rather

coarsely punctured, with narrow indistinct cost coinciding

with the rows of patches of agglomerated sete. ‘The

pygidium is rugosely, the sides of the metasternum densely,

and its middle very sparsely, punctured. ‘lhe front tibia is

rather sharply tridentate.

‘The eyes of the male are rather larger, the clypeus of the

female a little longer, and the apex of the abdomen slightly

indented beneath in the latter.

Adoretus leo, sp. 0.

Castaneo-rufus, elytris (marginibus exceptis) lete flavis, marginibus

lateralibus sat late rufis, capite et pronoto leviter metallicis;

corpore modice elongato, supra conyexo, haud dense flavido-setoso,

setis adpressis decumbentibus, elytris nitidis, pilis raris erectis,

marginibus posticis cum pygidio dense setosis; clypeo haud

parvo, granuloso-rugoso, margine semicirculari, fronte grosse et

crebre punctato, pronoto modice brevi, fortiter punctato, lateribus

arcuatis, angulis anticis acutis, posticis obtusis; scutello sat

dense punctato et setoso; elytris leviter punctatis, lateraliter

fortius, lineis punctorum geminatis indistinctis ; pygidio subtiliter

punctato, metasterni lateribus dense variolosis, medio levi.

Long. 12-13 mm.; lat, max. 6-7 mm.

Hab. Cryton: Ohiya (£. E. Green, Nov. 1907).

Chestnut-red, with the elytra bright yellow, except the

margins, which are rather broadly red externally and very

narrowly along the base and suture. ‘The head and pro-

thorax are lightly metallic. The body is moderately elon-

gate and conxex, and clothed with decumbent whitish setz,

which are rather scanty above, except at the apical margins

of the elytra and the pygidium. ‘There are also a few

scattered erect hairs. ‘The clypeus is fairly large, rugose,

with the margin semicircular, and the forehead is strongly

aud closely punctured, The pronetum is moderately short,

Ruteline Coleoptera of Ceylon. 365

coarsely and closely punctured, with the sides rounded, the

front angles acute and the hind angles obtuse. ‘lhe scutel-

lum is moderately closely punctured and setose, and the

elytra are rather lightly punctured, except at the sides, with

slightly indicated double rows of regular punctures. ‘The

pygidium is finely punctured, the sides of the metasternum

are closely pitted and the middle smooth.

The front tibia of the male bears two sharp teeth and a

very feeble upper one, and the pygidium is convex, with an

almost smooth area at the apex.

‘The front tibia of the female has three teeth, the pygidium

is flattened and slightly emarginate at the apex.

‘The clypeus scarcely differs in the two sexes.

Adoretus ursus, sp. u.

Brunneus, elytris nonnunquam aliquando flavis, marginibus infus-

catis, capite pronotoque leviter metallicis; corpore elongato

parum conyexo, griseo-setoso, sat nitido, scutelli setis densis,

elytrorum pilis raris erectis nonnullis; clypeo parvo, rugoso,

margine semicirculari, valde reflexo, fronte fortiter punctato ;

pronoto grosse punctato, nitidissimo, lateribus arcuatis, angulis

anticis acutis, posticis obtusis; elytris crebre punctatis, lineis

punctorum indistinctis geminatis; pygidio haud fortiter, meta-

sterni lateribus dense, punctatis et hirsutis; tibiis anticis

3-dentatis.

Long. 12-13 mm.; lat. max. 5-5-6°5 mm.

Hab. Cryton: Hakgala (EH. H. Green, March and April,

E9077. oh .

Reddish brown, with the clypeus and elytra generally

lighter in colour, the latter with dark margins. It is elon-

gate in shape and rather shining, the forehead and pro-

thorax being slightly metallic. It is clothed with greyish

sete, which are dense upon the scutellum and moderately

close upon the apices of the elytra and the pygidium, but

elsewhere rather scanty. ‘The elytra bear a few erect hairs.

‘The clypeus is not large, rugose, with the margin semi-

circular and very strongly retlexed, and the forehead is very

coarsely punctured. ‘The pronotum is very shining, very

strongly punctured, with the lateral margins rounded, the

front angles acute and the hind angles obtuse. ‘he elytra

are rather closely punctured, with indistinct double lines of

punctures. ‘The pygidium and the sides of the metasternum

are clothed with long hairs, the former rather lightly and the

latter more strongly and closely punctured. ‘he front tibia

is tridentate.

I only know males of this species.

366 Dr. W. T. Calman on a

XLIV.—Note on a Crayfish from New Guinea.

By W. T. Caiman, D.Sc.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

AMONG the Crustacea collected by the British Ornitho-

logists’ Union Expedition to New Guinea are nine specimens

of crayfish from the Mimika River, the characters of which

seem to cast doubt on the validity of some of the species

that have been described from this part of the world.

The following is a list of the species hitherto recorded

from New Guinea and adjacent islands :—

Cheraps albertisit (= Astaconephrops albertisti, Nobili).

Katau, near mouth of Fly River *.

C. lerentzi, Roux. Manikion District; Etna Bay;

Sabang on the Lorentz (Noord) River fT.

C. aruanus, Roux. Arru Islands f.

Astacopsis australasiensis (H. Milne-Edwards). Sorong

Island, Galewo Strait §.

In the case of the last of these species some doubt may

still be entertained as to the locality, on account of its

remoteness from the type-locality of the species (Sydney).

The remaining species are all very closely related, as Roux

has shown, to Cheraps quadricarinatus (vy. Martens) ||, the

unique type-specimen of which came from Cape York.

C. albertisui, also known only from a single specimen, differs

from the others in having three, instead of two, pairs of

spinules on the rostrum, a character to which Dr. Roux very

justly attributes only a provisional value. Apart from this,

the species are distinguished solely on the ground of differ-

ences in the proportions of the chele. Such characters are

known, in other crayfishes, to vary greatly according to

sex and age, and Dr. Roux was only led to attribute specific

value to them in this case from the “ fixité remarquable ”

observed in the proportions of the chele in specimens of the

* Nobili, Ann. Mus. Civ. St. Nat. Genova, xl. 1899, p. 244, and Boll.

Mus. Zool. Torino, xviii. No. 445, 1903, p. 1, fig.; Roux, Zool. Anz.

xxxvii. 1911, p. 104, and Notes Leyden Mus. xxxiii. 1911, p. 98.

+ Roux, Notes Leyden Mus, xxxili. 1911, p. 97, figs. 4 & 6.

t+ Roux, ¢. c. p. 88, figs. 2 & 3.

§ Nobili, Ann. Mus. Civ. St. Nat. Genova, xl. 1899, p. 246, and Boll.

Mus. Zool. Torino, xviii, No. 445, 1903, p. 2.

|| MB. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, 1868 (1869), p. 617.

Crayfish from New Guinea. 367

same sex, throughout a large series of the Arru Island

form.

It is to be observed, however, that the measurements

given by Dr. Roux show this constancy to be far from

absolute, and that there is even some overlapping, as re-

gards this character, between C. aruanus and C. lorentz.

lf the measurements of the chele be reduced to the ratio

Length : Breadth of chela, we get the following results :—

C. aruanus 9 2°66 to 3°2.

3 1°9 to 2°68.

C. lorentzi 9 2°8*.

2°45 to 2°84.

C. quadricarinatus 2 4:0.

C. albertisi 2 4°23.

The specimens now examined, from the Mimika River ,

give further evidence of the untrustworthiness of the chela-

form as a specific character. In the males the range of

variation exceeds that recorded either for C. arwanus or for

C. lorentzi, and while none of the females have chelee quite

so slender as those of C. quadricarinatus or C. albertisii,

some of them help to reduce the gap between these and the

forms described by Dr. Roux.

The following is a list of the specimens, with some of the

more important measurements :—

Ratio

Length of | Breadth of | Length : Breadth

Total length. Right Chela. Right Chela. of Chela.

mm. mm. nm. mm.

ce 153 45 13°5 3°33

a. 150 49°5 17 2-91

ae: 146 63 24 2-62

fie 110 365 14 2-60

rae 107 34 14 9-42

tain. 85 i sf

Oia CS: 40 12 3:33

peu OPE 189) ft 39 135 2-88

a, 104 26 8 3:25

In seven of the specimens which have the rostrum un-

injured it has two pairs of lateral spinules, but in one

(g 85 mm. length) it has two spinules on one side and

three on the other. It seems clear therefore that no import-

ance can be attached to the presence of three pairs of spinules

as distinguishing C. albertis¢?.

* From Roux’s fig. 5.

+ This locality comes within the range of C. lorentzi as indicated by

the stations quoted above.

¢ Rostrum broken.

368 | Ona Crayfish from New Guinea.

Dr. P. Revilliod of the Basel Museum, in the absence of

Dr. Roux, has been good enough to send me a fine specimen

of C. aruanus. I have compared this carefully with the

Mimika specimens without discovering any differences of

importance, except in the form of the chele.

‘The only crayfish of this group which I have seen from

the mainland of Australia is a small specimen from Adelaide

River (N. coast of Australia, about 131° E. long.). Itisa

female, 52°56 mm. in length, with the general characters of

C. quadricarinatus. ‘The right chela measures 14°5 mm. by

5 mm., giving a ratio of 2°9.

While it is possible, and even probable, that the examina-

tion of further material might lead to the recognition of

local races or varieties among the forms of Cheraps here

dealt with, there seems to be no evidence at present to justify

the specific separation of any of them from Cheraps quadrt-

carinatus (v. Martens).

In one other point, of some interest, the Mimika speci-

mens supplement the descriptions of Dr. Roux. He found,

both in C. aruanus and C. lorentz’, a curious modification of

the chelee in the males, a larger or smaller area on the outer

margin having the exoskeleton soft, uncalcified, whitish, and

somewhat swollen. ‘This modification was found in all

males, the relative extent of the soft area increasing with

age. ‘The Mimika specimens confirm the statement that the

modified chelze are only found in the male sex, but they show

that it does not apply to all males, and that the degree of

modification is not directly related to the size of the speci-

mens. The largest male in the collection (153 mm. length)

has no trace of softening in the chele and only a streak of

lighter colour along the outer edge. A specimen 150 mm.

long has the light coloration more marked and more sharply

defined, but without any softening. Specimens of 146 and

107 mm. length respectively have the soft area fully developed

and swollen, much as in Roux’s figure of C. arwanus, and

one of 110 mm. differs only in that the area does not extend

so far towards the proximal end and is rather less swollen.

While it would be rash to base any conclusions on so small

a series of specimens, the suggestion may be hazarded that

we have here a case of “ alternating dimorphism ”’ similar to

that discovered by Faxon in the males of the genus Camédarus,

but not hitherto recognized in any other crayfish.

On Two new African Barbels. 369

XLV.—Deseriptions of Two new African Barbels.

By G. A. BouLenGer, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Barbus somerent.

Depth of body 3% times in total length, length of head

44 times. Snout rounded, 3 times in length of head; eye

5 times in length of head, interorbital width 22 times;

mouth subinferior, its width 23 times in length of head ;

lips moderately developed, lower continuous across the chin ;

two barbels on each side, anterior 14, posterior 14 diameters

of eye. Dorsal III 10, equally distant from occiput and

from root of caudal, border straight ; last simple ray strong,

bony, not serrated, shorter than head. Anal III 5, not

reaching caudal. Pectoral 4 length of head, not reaching

ventral; latter below anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal

peduncle 12 times as long as deep. Scales longitudinally

striated, aoe, 3 between lateral line and ventral, 12 round

caudal peduncle. Brownish above, whitish beneath (has

been in formaline).

Total length 205 mm.

A single specimen, now in the British Museum, was cb-

tained by Dr. van Someren in the Sebwe River, a snow-water

stream on Mount Ruwenzori, in Uganda, at an altitude of

6000 feet.

The higher number of scales and the shorter spine of the

dorsal fin well distinguish this new species from B. hindi’,

Bigr., one of the few Barbels with as many as 10 branched

rays in the dorsal fin.

Barbus aboinensis.

Depth of body 3 to 34 times in total length, length of head

32 to 34 times. Snout rounded, as long as eye, which is

34 to 34 times in length of head; interorbital width 22 to

3 times in length of head; mouth subinferior, small; lips

moderate ; two barbels on each side, anterior a little shorter

than eye, posterior as long as or a little longer than eye.

Dorsal Ill 8, equally distant from centre or posterior border

of eye and trom caudal, border slightly concave ; last simple

ray not enlarged, not serrated, a little shorter than head.

Anal III 5, not reaching caudal. Pectoral ? length of head,

not reaching ventral; base of latter below anterior rays of

dorsal. Caudal peduncle 1} times as long as deep. Scales

370 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new

radiately striated, 23-2533, 2-24 between lateral line and

ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle. Brown above, yellow

beneath, with a blackish lateral streak and a round black

spot at the base of the caudal fin ; dorsal, anal, and ventrals

orange; a black spot usually present in the upper part of the

anterior half of the dorsal.

Total length 80 mm.

Numerous specimens from Omalu, headwaters of the

Aboina River, affluent of the Cross River, Southern Nigeria,

presented by Major G. E. Bruce.

Allied to B. callipterus, Blgr.

XLVI. — Descriptions of Three new Snakes discovered by

Mr. G. L. Bates in South Cameroon. By G. A.

BouLencer, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Typhlops batesir.

Snont very prominent, rounded, with inferior nostrils.

Rostral large, the width of its upper portion about half that

of the head, the portion visible from below longer than

broad; nasa semidivided, the cleft proceeding from the first

labial ; preocular present, much narrower than the nasal

or the ocular, in contact with the first, second, and third

labials ; eyes hidden ; preefrontal much enlarged, larger than

the supraocular ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 39

or 40 times in the total length; tail broader than long,

ending in a spine. 28 scales round the body. Yellow;

dorsal and lateral scales edged with dark olive-brown.

Total length 390 mm.

‘Three specimens from Bitye.

Allied to 7. obtusus, Peters.

Gontonolophis microps.

Hye small, its diameter less than its distance from the

mouth. Rostral once and a half as broad as deep, visible

from above; internasals about two-thirds as long as the

preefrontals ; frontal a little shorter than its distance from

the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; loreal

as long as deep or a little longer than deep ; one pre- and

one or two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials,

Snakes from South Cameroon. 371

third and fourth entering the eye; four or five lower labials

in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little

longer than the posterior. Scales rather feebly keeled, lower

row smooth,-in 15 rows (19 on the neck). Ventral 210-211 ;

anal entire ; subcaudals 47-54. Upper parts and outer ends

‘of ventral shields dark olive or blackish, lower parts

yellowish ; subcaudals edged with dark olive.

Total length 560 mm.; tail 75.

Two female specimens from Bitye. One of them had

swallowed a snake of its own species.

Well distinguished from S. grant?, Gthr., which occurs in

Northern Nigeria, by the smaller eye and the short loreal.

ELAPOCALAMUS, g. n.

Maxillary short, with few teeth, the last feebly enlarged

and grooved and situated below the eye. Head very small,

not distinct from neck; eye minute, with round pupil;

nostril is a single nasal, which is in contact with a preeocular

and separated from the rostral by the first labial, which forms

a suture with the internasal ; no anterior temporal. Body

cylindrical, very slender; scales smooth, without pits, in

15 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail very short, ending in a

very obfuse point; subcaudals in two rows.

Near Miodon, A. Dum.

Elapocalamus gracilis.

Snout broadly rounded. Rostral small, broader than

deep, not visible from above; internasals a little longer than

broad, a little longer than the preefrontals ; frontal as long

as broad, twice as broad as the supraocular, shorter than its

distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the

parietals; one pre- and one postocular; six upper labials,

third bordering the eye, fifth forming a suture with the

parietal; a pair of cliin-shields, separated from the sym-

physial by the first lower labial. Ventrals 296; anal

divided ; subcaudals 25. Dark brown above, with 5 black

longitudinal lines and interrupted light lines on the seales

between them; snout, occiput, and end of tail yellow ;

lower parts, involving one and a half rows of scales on the

sides, yellowish.

Total length 285 mm.; tail 18.

A single specimen from Bitye.

372 On Freshwater Fishes from South Cameroon.

XLVII.—Deseriptions of Three new Freshwater Fishes dis-

covered by Mr, G. L. Bates in South Cameroon. By G. A.

BouLenGer, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Labeo batesiv.

Body strongly compressed, its depth 3% times in total

length. Head 4 times in total length, its width 3 its length ;

snout rounded, a little broader than long; eye supero-

lateral, in second half of head, 43 times in length of head,

slightly over twice in interorbital width; width of mouth,

with lips, 4 length of head; upper lip entire, lower feebly

fringed, both with transverse plice on the inner surface ;

rostral flap denticulate ; a small barbel, hidden in folds of

skin ; snout covered with scars of nuptial tubercles. Dorsal

III 10, equally distant from nostrils and from caudal, border

very feebly notched, longest ray as long as head. Anal II 5,

reaching root of caudal. Pectoral as long as head, not

reaching ventral, the first ray of which falls below the

seventh of dorsal. Caudal deeply notched. Caudal peduncle

as long as deep. Scales 37H, 4 between lateral line and

ventral, 16 round caudal peduncle. Olive above, whitish

beneath ; fins dark.

Total length 190 mm.

A single specimen from the Kribi River.

Allied to L. cyclorhynchus, Blgy.

Clarias esamese.

Depth of body 7 times in total length, length of head

5 times. Head 1? times as long as broad, smooth above;

occipital process angular; frontal fontanelle 14 times as long

as broad; occipital fontanelle smaller, partly on occipital

process; eye 3 times in length of snout, 54 times in inter-

orbital width ; band of premaxillary teeth barely 3 times as

long as broad; vomerine teeth granular, forming a large

fan-shaped patch, the longitudinal diameter of which a little

exceeds the width of the preemaxillary band. Nasal barbel

a little longer than head; maxillary barbel 1} length of

head; outer mandibular barbel as long as nasal, inner

shorter; maxillary and mandibular barbels papillose at the

base. 14 gill-rakers on first arch. Clavicles exposed,

striated, Dorsal 85, its distance from occipital process 2

length of head. Anal 73. Dorsal and anal extending to

On some Fishes of the Fumily Peeciliidee. 373

root of caudal. Pectoral 4 length of head, the spine serrated

on both sides. Ventral 14 times as distant from caudal as

from end of snout. Caudal 4 length of head. Dark brown.

Total length 160 mm.

A single specimen from Esamesa (Congo basin).

Closely allied to C. macromystax, Gthir.

Pelmatochromis kribensis.

Teeth in two series. Depth of body 3 times in total

length, length of head 31 to 34 times. Snout rounded, with

convex upper profile, as long as eye, which is 5} to 34 times

in length of head and equals interorbital width ; maxillary

extending to below anterior border of eye; 3 series of scales

on the cheek. Gill-rakers short, 10 or 11 on lower part of

anterior arch. Dorsal XVI-XVII 8-9; spines gradually

increasing in length to the last, which measures about 4

‘length of head; longest soft rays shorter than head.

Anal III 6-7; third spine nearly 4 length of head. Pectoral

§ to # length of head. Ventral produced into a filament.

Caudal rounded-subacuminate. Caudal peduncle a little

deeper than long. Scales smooth, 27-29 2; lat. lines —.

Olive above, whitish beneath; a blackish opercular spot ;

soft dorsal often with a round black spot behind the last

spine; caudal sometimes with two black, light-edged ocellar

spots above; outer edge of ventrals blackish.

Total length 65 mm.

Several specimens from the Kribi River.

Closely allied to P. teniatus, Blgr., and subocellatus,

Gthr.

XLVIIL.—On some Fishes of the Family Peeciliide.

By C. Tate Recan, M.A.

1. A new Xiphophorus from Guatemala.

AXiphophorus rachovit, sp. n.

Depth of body about 3 in the length, length of head 4 to

41, Snout somewhat shorter than eye, the diameter of

which is 3 to 3} in the length of head; interorbital width

equal to the distance from eye to edge of operculum. 26 or

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 25

374 On some Fishes of the Family Poeciliide.

27 scales in a longitudinal series. Dorsal 11-13; branched

rays subequal in length or slightly decreasing backwards.

Anal 9-10. Least depth of caudal peduncle less than the

distance from end of dorsal to base of caudal fin. Olivaceous ;

2 or 3 brownish longitudinal stripes at the edges of the series

of scales on the sides of the body ; dorsal and caudal fins

yellow at the base ; a pair of conspicuous blackish spots, one

above and one below, at the base of the caudal fin.

Six examples, 40 to 65 mm. in length, of this pretty little

aquarium fish have been sent to me by Herr A. Rachow, of

Hamburg. They came from Porto Barrios, on the Atlantic

coast of Guatemala, between Lake Yzabal and the Rio

Motagua. This new species is closely related to X. brevis,

Regan, from British Honduras.

2. The Peciliid Fishes of Celebes and Lombok.

The Peeciliid fishes known from Celebes belong to two

species—Haplochilus celebens’s, M. Weber (Zool. Ergebn. iii.

1894, p. 426), which seems from the description to be a true

Haplochilus,and H, sarasinorum, Popta (Notes Leyden Mus.

xxv. 1905, p. 239), for which I propose the new generic name

Xenopecilus. The small scales and the 7-rayed pelvic fins

distinguish Xenopeci/us from both Haplochilus and Pancha.

It appears to resemble Hap/ochilus in the high position of the

pectoral fins and the non-protractile mouth, but is nearer

Panchax in the form of the mouth, which has a distinct

lateral cleft, and in the dentition, the jaws being furnished

with bands of teeth.

That Celebes should possess a peculiar genus of Peeciliid

fishes is not surprising; but Professor Max Weber attaches

some importance to the presence in this island of a species of

the Asiatic genus Haplochilus, which he regards as true fresh-

water fishes. But Day (‘Fishes of India,’ p. 522) has

pointed out that the species of Panchax and Haplochilus

occur in lowland streams and estuaries, rarely far from the

sea, and Duncker (Mitteilung. Naturhistorisch. Mus. Ham-

burg, xxi. 1904, p. 171) has recorded Haplochilus javanicus,

Bleek., as a brackish-water fish. It seems probable that the

species of Haplochilus, like so many Peeciliide, sometimes

enter the sea, or, at least, that salt water does not constitute

an impassable barrier for them.

A species of Haplochilus has been recorded from Lombok

(M. Weber, Res. Expéd. Néerl. Nouvelle Guinée, Zool. v.

1907, p. 218), but seems never to have been exactly deter-

mined or described.

~!I

On new African Mammals.

XLIX.—New African Mammals.

By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Crocidura butleri, sp. n.

A medium-sized species, with a short, white, incrassated

tail.

Fur soft and fine; hairs of back rather less than 4 mm. in

length. General colour above near ‘ drab-grey,” the usual

grey of the upper surface with a certain suffusion of “ écru

drab.” Under surface soiled buffy, the hairs brownish slaty

for three-fourths their length, their tips cream-buff, which

gives a rather unusual yellowish appearance to the whole

underside ; no line of deraarcation on sides. Lateral gland

prominent, short-haired, cream-buff. Hands and feet white.

Tail short, very much incrassated throughout, its hairs, both

shorter and longer, white or with a slight buffy tinge.

Skull of nearly the same length as that of specimens from

the same place referred by Mr. Wroughton to C. sericea,

Sund., but the brain-case is markedly shorter. Second and

third unicuspids subequal in area, the former the higher of

the two.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the skin) :-—

Head and body 73 mm.; tail 54; hind foot 13.

Skull: condylo-incisive length 24; anterior breadth 7°6 ;

posterior breadth 9°9; interorbital breadth 4°5 ; upper tooth-

row 10°5; tip of postglenoid process to hinder end of

condyle 94 *.

fab. Between Chak Chak and Dem Zubeir, Bahr-el-

Ghazal.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 8. 4.2.10. Original num-

ber 33. Collected 7th March, 1907, and presented by A. L.

Butler, Esq.

This striking little shrew, which I have named in honour

of its discoverer, is readily recognizable by its short, whitish,

incrassated tail and its more or less buffy underside,

Tatera hopkinson?, sp. n.

A rather small species, with unusually short broad feet.

Size decidedly less than in the other Gambian species,

* This measurement, easily taken with exactitude, gives an idea of the

length of the brain-case. The direct measurement on the upper surface

is less easy to take accurately.

25%

376 Mr. O. Thomas on

T. gambiana. General colour pale, dorsal area darkened.

Feet short in proportion to the size of the animal and un-

usually broad, so as to give them the appearance of those of

arat rather thanof agerbil. Tail about as long as head and

body, practically untufted, brown above, darkening to black

terminally, sides buffy, under surface whitish.

Skull short, broad, shaped more as in ZY’. giffardi than in

the other West-African species, in which it is larger and

narrower. Interorbital region flat, its edges but little ridged,

strongly divergent, forming distinct postorbital angles.

Posterior palatal foramina fairly long. Bulle very small for

those of a true Tatera.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 150 mm.; tail 147; hind foot 30;

ear 16.

Skull: greatest length 36; condylo-incisive length 33;

zygomatic breadth 185 ; nasals 14:8; interorbital breadth 6;

breadth of brain-case 15°5; palatilar length 17:3 ; palatal

foramina 6°7; bulla, greatest horizontal diameter 10; upper

molar series 6°1.

Hab. Gambia. Type from Kudang; alt. 100’.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 11. 7.24.4. Original

number 8. Collected 16th May, 1911, and presented by

Dr. E. Hopkinson, after whom I have named the species.

Three specimens examined,

This gerbil is probably most nearly allied to the 7. giffurdi

of Gambaga, Gold Coast Hinterland, but is distinguished by

its smaller and narrower molars and smaller bulla. From all

the other West-African species it is readily separable by its

rat-like feet and short broad skull.

Epimys walambe pedester, subsp. n.

Foot much longer than in true E. walambe* of Rhodesia

and 8. Congo.

General characters quite as in walambe, Colour near

“raw umber’ above, smoke-grey below. Feet less white

than in true walambe, near ‘ smoke-grey,” each hair on

them grey basally, whitish terminally. ‘ail thinly haired,

its underside little lighter than its upper.

Skull with the characteristic widely spread zygomata,

large bulle, and large teeth distinguishing walambe from

hindei, medicatus, and their allies.

* Mus walamba, Wroughton, Mem. Manchester Lit. & Phil. Soe. li.

pt. ii. p. 21 (1907).

new African Mammals, 877

Dimensions of the type, teeth unworn (measured in the

flesh) :—

Head and body 165 mm.; tail 138; hind foot 31;

ear 20.

Skull: greatest length 37; condylo-incisive length 35°7;

greatest breadth 19°8; nasals 14:5; interorbital breadth 5:5;

palatilar length 18; palatal foramina 9:8; upper molar

series 71.

Hab. Kigezi, Mfumbiro region, S8.W. Uganda. Alt. 6000’.

Type. Young adult female. Original number 1985. Col-

lected 10th April, 1911, by Robin Kemp. One specimen.

Of twelve specimens of 4. walamba, mostly of greater age,

from varicus localities in Rhodesia and Southern Congo, not

one has a hind foot approaching within 4 or 5 mm. the length

of the foot in the present animal, which evidently represents

a distinct longer-footed form. ‘The skull does not appear to

differ in any respect.

Lophuromys prittie?, sp. 1.

A long-tailed species of the Z. woosnamt group.

General proportions about as in L. woosnami, though the

animal is a little larger, the feet longer, and the tail is a little

shorter than the hcad and body, instead of being usually a

little longer. Fur and colour just as in L. woosnam?, except

that the isolated yellowish hairs which sprinkle the coat of

that species are almost entirely absent.

Skull rather longer than that of L. woosnami. Interorbital

region of different shape, the true interorbital part lengthened

at the expense of the intertemporal, the distance from the

anterior corner of the orbit along the rounded supraorbital

border to the point where the latter cuts the postorbital ridge

5 mm. as compared with about 3°5. The ridges themselves

not evenly divergent, but concave outward to a point on the

fronto-parietal suture, where a postorbital angle is formed.

Bar below anteorbital foramen rather more normal than in

LL. woosnami, broader (1°9 mm. as compared with 1:6), its

auterior edge more convex. Palatal foramina not penetrating

so far backward, their hinder end level with the middle of

the middle cusp of the front lamina of m’.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 114 mm.; tail 110; hind foot 25:2;

ear 21°95.

Skull: greatest length 32 ; condylo-incisive length 28°7 ;

zygomatic breadth 14°5; nasals 14°6 ; interorbital breadth 6°5 ;

378 Mr. O. Thomas on

breadth of brain-case 13°2; palatilar length 13:3; palatal

foramina 6°3; upper molar series 4°6,

Hab. Mfumbiro region, 8.W. Uganda. Type and para-

type from Kigezi. Alt. 6000’. Another from Marutianga,

8200’ (Prittie).

Type. Adult male. Original number 2022. Collected

21st April, 1911, by Robin Kemp.

This species appears to be the representative in the

Mfumbiro Mountains of the LZ. woosnami of Ruwenzori. It

was first obtained (in February 1911) by Capt. the Hon.

F. R. D. Prittie, of the Anglo-German Boundary Com-

mission, to whom the Museum owes a number of specimens,

and in whose honour I have named it.

L.—Two new Eastern Bats.

By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Taphezous granti, sp. 0.

Allied to Y. saccolaimus. Colour reddish brown. Skull

smaller and proportionally broader.

Size rather less than in saccolaimus. No radio-metacarpal

pouch. Gular sac represented in female by a sharply defined

naked space on the throat, with distinct edges; no doubt

there is a well-developed pouch in the male. Fur short;

hairs of back about 3-4 mm. in length, those of the sides of

the neck about 5 mm. Distribution of fur apparently as in

saccolaimus. General colour above deep reddish brown

(“burnt umber ”), mottled with a number of irregular whitish

patenes; bases of hairs paler. Under surface paler brown

(near ‘ russet’’).

Skull decidedly shorter than that of saccolatmus, but much

broader in proportion, the zygomatic breadth equalling that

in the larger skull. Forehead not deeply excavated. Post-

orbital processes of type very long. Posterior palate with

the median palatal notch (palation) decicedly posterior to the

lateral palatal edges, as in 7. saccolaimus, all other species

that I have been able to examine having the palation level

with or anterior to the lateral palatal edges. Posterior part

of floor of mesopterygoid fossa smooth, without the deep

sharp median groove found in 7. saccolaimus ; sphenoid pits

A” |

new Eastern Bats. 379

large, not very deep, their median dividing ridge compara-

tively low, not rising nearly as high as the floor of the

mesopterygoid fossa. Bullee rather small.

Dimensions of the type (the starred measurements taken in

the flesh) :—

Forearm 71 mm.

Expanse *480 ; head and body #389; tail *2£; ear *18;

tragus *5; third finger, metacarpus 67, first phalanx 27°5.

Skull: greatest length 21:7; condylo-basal length 21 ;

basi-sinual length 17; zygomatic breadth 16; interorbital

breadth 7°8; palato-sinual length 7:2; front of canine to

back of m® 10:1.

Flab, Paramau, Mimika R.., 8. Dutch New Guinea. Low

country.

Type. Adult female. Original number 2516. Collected

10th November, 1910, by C. H. B. Grant during the B.O.U.

Expedition to New Guinea; presented by the Subscribers.

‘Lhis distinct species is no doubt most nearly allied to

T’. saccolaimus, but is readily recognizable by its smaller size,

ditfereut colour, shorter and broader skull, and by the detailed

cranial characters above described. I have named it in

honour of my colleague Mr. W. RK. Ogilvie-Grant, by whom

the Expedition to New Guinea was initiated, and to whom

we owe the very acceptable collection of mammals obtained

by its members,

The large Japanese Noctule.

The large form of Myctalus found in Japan was named

“Vespertilio molossus ”” by ‘’emminck in the ‘ Fauna Japonica,’

but that name was antedated and invalidated by the earlier

Vespertilio molossus of Pallas (1767).

In 1878 Dobson assigned the name lasiopterus to it, from

Schreber’s plate lviii. B, dating from 1781, and this identifi-

cation, unlikely as it seemed, might have had to be adopted

were it not that Fischer (1829) and Wagner (1540), with

equal rights as “ revisers,” placed the name as a synonym of

noctula, asserting that it was an old individual. Dovson’s

specimen, moreover, proves on examination to be not the

Japanese, but the large Italian form, to which the name

maximus has been applied.

Whether Fischer and Wagner’s assignation of laszopterus

to noctula should be adopted, or whether any evidence con-

necting it definitely with maaimus may turn up, 1s for the

moment immaterial, although personally I believe it to have

been the latter animal. Indeed, Dobson’s specimen, from

the Lidth de Jeude collection, and therefore probably im

380 On a new Pedipalp from Burma.

Schreber’s time in the Seba Museum, may have been the

actual example from which the plate was drawn.

But in any case the name /astopterus is not applicable to

the Japanese species, which will need a new one, aud may

be called Nyctalus aviator.

A type specimen may be selected, of which the essential

dimensions are as follows :—

Forearm 62 mm.

Skull: condylo-basal length 21°2 ; basi-sinual length 15°7 ;

greatest postorbital breadth 9°6 ; intertemporal constriction 5°7;

posterior breadth 142 ; palato-sinual length 7:1; front of

canine to back of m? 8°5.

Hab. (of type). Tokyo, Hondo, Japan. Other specimens

from Tokyo and Nagasaki in Japan, and from Sha-wei-shan

Island, off the mouth of the Yang-tze. Miller has also

recorded the species from Korea.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 5.1.4.5. Collected April

30th, 1904, by H. Ogawa, and presented by R. Gordon

Smith, Esq.

LI.—On a new Pedipalp from Burma,

By 8. Hirst.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

HHypoctonus birmanicus, sp. 0.

6. Structure of both the upper and lower surface of the

boay almost exactly as in H. binghami, Oates.

Chela more slender and smoother than is the case in

H, binghami ; its femur and tibia smooth and shining above

and practically smooth below also, only a few weak and

scattered granules being present on the lower surtace (and

more numerous granules on the inner surface) of these

segments. Dorsal surface of hand smooth, shining, and

without any granules, but a number of punctures are present

on it; the inner edge is granular. [In J//. binghami the

lower surface of the femur and tibia is coarsely granular, and

a number of distinct granules are present (to the inner side of)

the dorsal surface of these segments and on the hand.]

Tibial apophysis longer than that of the male of H. binghami,

but very similar in shape ; its length exceeds the greatest

width, but is much less than the length of the tibia, A

On new Wood-boring Beetles. 381

distinct apical tooth, which is very similar to that which is

present in the female of H. formosus, Butler, is present on

the outer side of the hand below, and a dentiform granule is

present on this tooth (fig.).

Hypoctonus birmanicus, sp.n. Chela of male.

Ommatoids elongate-ovate, instead of round as in //, bing-

hami; they are separated from one another by a space which

is less than their width.

Measurements in mm.—Total length 23 ; length of tibia of

chela 5; length of its apophysis 3, of the hand 4°25,

Colour the same as H. binghami, the legs pale red

throughout their length.

Material. An adult male and two immature female

specimens from Pegu, Burma (Horst Coll. ?).

LII.—On Two new Wood-boring Beetles (Ipide).

By Lieut.-Col. Winn Sampson, F.E.S.

Ir is now nearly two years ago that I began an exhaustive

examination of the Ipidz (until recently called Scolytidz)

contained in the British Museum collection, to which have

receutly been added the specimens collected by Mr. G. Lewis

in Japan and Ceylon. Mr. Ernest Green has also been

good enough to send a small number collected by himself in

the latter country.

The first description now given is from a specimen in the

Fry Collection, the second from two specimens in Mr. Green’s

last consignment.

Eccoptopterus limbus, sp. n.

Differt ab EH. sevspinoso, Motsch., truncature elytrorum ambitu

spina una valida compluribusque minoribus acutis elevatis infra

ornatis. Jeclivitate elytrorum fortiter squamulis hirtis vestita,

Patria Perak.

Long. 34 mm.

One specimen (¢) in the British Museum.

382 Lieut.-Col. Winn Sampson on

In this species the number of large spines is reduced

from three to one on each side of the upper margin of the

elytral depression, followed by several (7-8) smaller ones

extending down to the sutural apex on each side. ‘lhe

declivity is very densely covered with stout, short, squamose

hairs of a pale yellow colour.

As it appears that Eichhoff’s generic name of Platy-

dactylus was preoccupied (Hagedorn, Deutsch. ent. Zeitschr.

1909, p. 733), Dr. Liagedorn has suggested the name Eury-

dactylus, and has made it a subgenus of Xyleborus (Coleopt.

Catal. Ipide, 1910, p. 98). Ejichhoff, however, separated

Platydactylus from Xyleborus, and suggested that his

Xyleborus abnormis (which is identical with Motschoulsky’s

Eccoptopterus seaspinosus) was most likely of the genus Platy-

dactylus. This Mr. Blandford confirms (Ind. Mus. Notes,

vol. 11. no. 1, p. 64).

From Mr. Blandford’s note on the genus Hecoptuptera,

Chaud. (Ent. Month. Mag. series 2, vol. iv., 1893) it is

evident that Motschoulsky’s use of the name Eeccoptoplerus —

was fifteen years previous to the use of Hecoptoptera by

Chaudoir; and this is sufficient to prevent the use of any

Jater generic name than the one Motschoulsky gave, and it

appears to me better treated as a genus than as a subgenus

of Xyleborus.

Mr. Blandford mentions (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6,

vol. xv., April 1895, pp. 323-4) that specimens of E. sex-

spinosus, Motsch., from Batchian and New Guinea possess

one or two smaller spines on the lateral border of the

elytral declivity, and that in a specimen from Borneo there

are five spines on each elytron. He also adds that these

subsidiary denticles are not ‘constant, nor even symmetrical ;

and though they do not occur in any Ceylonese or Burmese

examples, they do not appear to be indicative of a new species.

Dr. Hagedorn has described (Deutsch. ent. Zeitschr.

1908, Heft, iti. p. 377) Platydactylus sexspinosus, Motsch.,

var. multispinosus (nov. var., Haged.), as having, besides the

three strong spines, several (38-5) smaller ones.

In the species I now describe the difference in the spines

is much greater (four of the large ones being absent), and

the appearance of the declivity is quite unlike that of

LZ. sexspinosus, Motsch.

As at present known, the distribution of this genus

appears to be: New Guinea, Batchian, Damma Is., Celebes,

Philippines (Manila), Java, Borneo, Sumatra, Perak, Ceylon

(in coffee- and cacao-beans), Burma (in rice-plants), German

East Africa, Kamerun.

Ss a

new Wood-boring Beetles. 383

Some specimens lately received from Mr. Green from

Ceylon as attacking Albizzia molucecana and Hevea brasili-

ensis were found, | understand, in the Botanical Gardens,

and therefore their country of origin must remain in doubt.

Out of ten specimens found by Mr. Green in a dead branch

of Albizzia moluccana, one proved to be LE. sexspinosus ( 3),

Motsch., and the remainder Xy/eborus asperatus, Bldf., an

insect of similar sculpture and general form. It seems

therefore highly probable that these may be the sexes of the

same species.

CNESTUS, gen. nov.

Caput rotundatum, obtectum ; oculi transversi; antenne scapus

longus, funiculus 4-articulatus, articulis 2-4 transversis, lati-

tudine crescentibus ; clava magna, ovalis, oblique apice truncata.

Prothorax quam elytris longior, ultra caput productus et

tuberculis multis magnis ornatus. Scutellum parvum. Elytrorum

disco pallido. Abdomen normalis.. Cox antice approximate ;

femora pallida; tibiae fusce, antice extus serrate, a basi an-

trorsum dilatatz et oblique truncate ; tarsi elongati.

The prothorax is continued anteriorly downwards and

then upwards beyond the head, and is edged with a series of

large tubercles. The elytra are almost transparent, except

at the edges and along the suture, where they are very dark

in colour.

That the immaturity of the elytra is only apparent seems

to be proved by the appearance of the other parts of the

insect.

I have been unable to dissect the mouth-parts owing to

scarcity of material.

Cnestus magnus, sp. n.

Oblongo-ovalis, nitidus, niger, elytris (marginibus exceptis) pal-

lidis ; thorace antice granulato-asperato et instructo tuberculis

octo, postice profunde punctato; elytris subtilissime punctato-

striatis ; striis juxta suturalibus fortiter punctatis ; corpore toto

sparsim hirto.

Long. 3 mm.

Hab. ? Ceylon.

‘This insect was taken by Mr. Ernest Green from living

branches of Albizzia moluccana. ‘The prothorax is longer

than the elytra by the length of the overhanging apical

portion, strongly asperate and tuberculate in front, and

posteriorly covered with large punctures somewhat widely

separated, the intervening spaces being very shiny; there is

384 Mr. W. L. Distant on

a sharp division between the pronotum and the sides of the

prothorax.

The large prothorax extending beyond the head, with its

anterior fringe of eight stout tubercles, four on each side of

a median interval (the two nearest the interval on each side

being the largest), and the transparency of the elytra serve

to separate this sect from any other of the Ipide known to

me. The head is concave in front, with a semicircular row

of pale hairs above the mouth, rugulose and hairy behind.

‘The difference in colour of the femora and tibize is more

marked than in Xyleborus fornicatus.

LUI.—Rhynchota from the Solomon Islands.

By W. L. Distant.

Mr. W. W. Froceatr collected on these islands during July

and August, 1909. He kindly sent me representatives of

his collection for identification and description, and the

fcllowing is a list of the species thus obtained. All the

specimens and types are now in the British Museum,

HETEROPTERA.

Austrimalaya ornatula, sp. 0. | Aatagastus cambelli, Dist.

THioMOPTERA.

Peggiona nigrifinis, Walk. Luricania gloriosa, sp. n.

Zorada scutellaris, Walk, Armacia atrofascialis, sp. 1.

Ricania lutescens, sp. 0. Sephena punctulosa, sp. 0.

Euricania transluccda, Montyr. Clovia froggatti, sp. n.

discigutta, Walk. Tartessus solomonensis, sp. 0.

Genus AUSTROMALAYA.

Spudeus, Dall. List Hem. i. p. 168 (1851), nom. preoce.

Austromalaya, Kirk. Entomologist, 1908, p. 124, n. nom.

Type, A. reticulata, Westw.

Austromalaya ornatula, sp. n.

Pitchy brown, shining, corium opaque; head above with a

purplish tint, and with a short, central, longitudinal, basal

jascia and acurved line before each eye, ochraceous ; antenne

black ; pronctum with a central, longitudinal, pale ochraceous

line; scutellum centrally ochraceous, attenuated posteriorly

YS ey

Rhynchota from the Solomon Islands. 385

to near apex, which is dull ochraceous ; corium with a small

irregular spot, or sometimes minute spots, with another

short straight line, situate near apical margin, ochraceous ;

head beneath and sternum metallic purplish black, area of the

odoriferous apertures black, opaque; abdomen beneath

centrally testaceous, outwardly broadly margined with pale

ochraceous, followed by a black submarginal fascia including

the stigmata, the extreme lateral margin ochraceous ; poste-

rior margin of apical segment and the genitalia black ; legs

black, bases of femora more or less ochraceous; head very

coarsely punctate, with the apex of the central lobe promi-

nent; antenne with the first joint shorter than head, but

passing its apex, first and second subequal, third and fourth

long and subequal (fifth mutilated in typical specimen) ;

pronotum thickly, coarsely, reticulately punctate, the anterior

lateral margins crenulate, the lateral angles moderately

angularly but not spinously produced; scutellum coarsely

punctate, more sparingly so on the ochraceous area, the

apex nearly impunctate; corium thickly finely punctate ;

membrane passing abdominal apex; rostrum reaching the

fourth abdominal segment, second and third joints subequal

in length ; angles of the apical abdominal segment strongly

spinously produced; connexivum distinctly spinous at the

lateral apices of the segments.

Long., ¢ 18 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 9 mm,

Genus RICANIA.

Ricania, Germ. Mag. Ent. iii. p. 221 (1818).

Type, &. fenestrata, Fabr.

Ricania lutescens, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum pale castaneous ; abdo-

men, body beneath, and legs ochraceous; tegmina dull

ochraceous, opaque, much mottled with fuscous brown, two

narrow transverse macular fascizw before apical margin, the

inner one much sinuate; on costal area are two blackish

spots before middle, followed by two larger angulate pale

ochraceous spots before apex, a small black subapical spot,

the claval area distinctly paler; wings pale fuliginous, sub-

hyaline, the veins darker ; pronotum with a central longi-

tudinal carination; mesonotum with a central longitudinal

earination, on each side of this a roundly oblique longitudinal

carinate line outwardly connected with the anterior margin

by a short almost straight carination ; face obscurely cen-

trally and submarginally carinate.

386 Mr. W. L. Distant on

Long., excl. tegm., 5 mm.; exp. tegm. 17 mm.

So an as my knowledge enreade Ricania lurida, Walk., is

the nearest allied species.

Genus EURICANIA.

Euricania, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xiii. p. 258 (1898).

Type, 2. ocellus, Walk.

Euricania gloriosa, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum black ; ab lomen, body

beneath, and legs ochraceous ; face mostly or entirely black,

and distinct sternal black spots; tegmina bright shining

golden-yellow, costal, apical, and inner margins, a short

fascia commencing from costa af about one-third from apex

and extending to near middle, followed by a discal rounded

spot, black ; wings pale shining golden yellow, the posterior

and apical margins black ; vertex, pro- and mesonota with a

continuous, central, longitudinal ridge, on pronotum on each

side of the ridge is a small rounded ‘foveation, on mesonotum

on each side of the central ridge there is also a waved oblique

ridge and a shorter and straighter ridge connecting the latter

from about middle with the anterior margin; face with three

longitudinal ridges, one central, the others submarginal ;

clypeus distinctly centrally ridged.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 2 7-8 mm.; exp. tegm. 22-26 mm.

Allied to E. splendida, Fabr., from New Guinea and some

of the neighbouring islands.

Genus ARMACIA.

Armacia, Stal, Rio Jan. Hem. ii. p. 70 (1862).

Armacia atrofascialis, sp. n.

Head with the vertex piceous, face and clypeus shining,

jet- -black ; pronotum stramineous ; mesonotum stramineous,

the lateral and anterior margins and a central longitudinal

fascia castaneous ; abdomen black, the base and some trans-

verse lateral spots stramineous ; body beneath black, sternal

spots stramineous ; legs stramineous, posterior femora (ex-

cluding apices) and all the tarsi black ; ; tegmina hyaline, the

venation pitchy brown, costal membrane pitehy brown, with

a distinct black stigmatal spot at its apex, preceded and

followed by stramineous margins; at apex of tegmen a

prominent black spot and a series of small black spots on the

Rhynchota from the Solomon Islands. 387

apical margin at the apices of the veins, on the basal area

the transverse veins are distinctly infuscated ; wings hyaline,

the venation pitchy brown ; anterior angles of vertex in front

of eyes distinctly, shortly, angularly produced ; pronotum

with a central, longitudinal, carinate line; mesonotum tri-

carinate, the lateral carinations directed inwardly at anterior

margin, and also connected with it by an outer short carinate

line.

Long., excl. tegm., 5 mm.; exp. tegm. 18 mm.

Allied to A. basigera, Walk.

Genus SEPHENA.

Sephena, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii. p. 12% (1903).

Type, S. spargula, Walk.

Sephena punctulosa.

—— punctulosa, Walk. MS.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum pale ochraceous ; vertex

transversely speckled with sanguineous; pronotum with a

central longitudinal line and spots on lateral areas san-

guineous ; mesonotum with three discal longitudinal lines and

marginal spots sanguineous ; abdomen, body beneath, and

legs very pale ochraceous, more or less cretaceously pilose ;

anal segment of abdomen marked above with sanguineous ;

tegmina greyish white, speckled with sanguineous on basal

area and clavus, with numerous small black spots arranged

principally in two upper longitudinal series, two transversely

oblique discal series, and two or three apical marginal series ;

wings cretaceous white; face distinctly, centrally, longitu-

dinally carinate, the lateral margins sharply reflexed ; meso-

notum tricarinate ; anterior angles of head in front of eyes

subacute.

Long., excl. tegm., 5-6 mm.; exp. tegm. 17-19 mm.

This is a very variable species; in some specimens the

ground-colour of the body and tegmina is pale virescent, and

in the latter case the tegminal spots are castaneous rather

than black.

A single specimen labelled by Walker “ punctulosa” is in

the British Museum, and bears the locality ‘‘ Cer.” (Ceram),

but it has evidently never been described.

Genus CLovia.

Clovia, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv. p. 75 (1866).

Type, C. bigoti, Sign.

388 On Rhynchota from the Solomon Islands.

Clovia froggatli, sp. n.

Above black, inner margins of head in front of eyes and

inner margins of eyes more or less ochraceous ; tegmina with

a transverse fascia extending from near claval suture to about

onesie from costal margin, and two subapical spots in

oblique series, the uppermost smallest, stramineous, apical

margin more or less testaceous brown ; body beneath and legs

ochraceous, lateral and frontal margins to face and a lateral

marginal fascia on each side of sternum stramineous ; sternal

spots, subapical annulation to rostrum, tarsi, and apices of

tibiee black; head with a transverse impression a little in

front of eyes, the margins slightly reflexed; pronotum and

scutellum very closely and very finely wrinkled; tegmina

densely and very finely punctate ; face laterally transversely

striate, its central area smooth.

Long., incl. tegm., 11-114 mm.

Allied to C. moresbyensis, Dist.

Genus TARTESSUS.

Tartessus, Stal, Ofy. Vet.-Ak. Férh. 1865, p- 156.

Type, 7. ferrugineus, Walk.

Tartessus solomonensis, sp. n.

Head ochraceous, a black line above between the eyes and

a transverse black line at inner margin of each eye; pro-

notum ochraceous, somewhat thickly reticulated with black ;

scutellum ochraceous, reticulated with black, the apex pale

ochraceous ; tegmina pale fuscous brown, tle veins black,

extreme costal margin ochraceous ; head beneath and clypeus

pale ochraceous, about basal third of face crossed by irregular

transverse black lines, remaining area with two series of

shorter black lines, two black spots between face and eyes ;

sternum and abdomen beneath ochraceous, with sternal and

abdominal black, mostly transverse, spots; legs ochraceous,

posterior femora longitudinally streaked above with black,

posterior tibie with the bases of ne spines black; vertex

broad, but very short in front of eyes ; pronotum finely and

rather obscurely transversely wrinkled ; scutellum about as

long as pronotum,

Long. 113 mm.

Oa Rhynchota from the Aru Islands. 389

LIV.—Rhynchota from the Aru Islands.

By W. L. Distant.

Mr. W. W. Froaeart has recently sent measmall collection

of Rhynchota made at the Aru Islands. The British Museum

is rich in specimens from these islands, collected by Dr. A. R.

Wallace, and described by Walker, Stal, and some by myself.

The following is a list of the species obtained through

Mr. Froggatt, all of which are nowin the National Collection: —

HETEROPTERA.

Catacanthus sumptuosus, Dohrn. Mictis arvana, sp. nu.

Lyramorpha diluta, Stil.

HomopTERA.

Platypleura canescens, Walk. Ricania trimacula, Guer.

Sawda froggatti, sp. n. Euricania coneinna, Stal.

Diceropyga obtecta, Fabr. Colgar peracuta, Walk.

Beturia evhausta, Guer. Phymoides rubromaculatus, Dist.

Aphena reversa, Walk. Neocromna bistriguttata, Stal.

Paricana curvifera, Dist. ; | Clovia subjuncta, Walk.

Ricania caliginosa, Walk. Cosmoscarta urvillet, St. Farg.

lurida, Walk. Tartessus sp.

Genus MIctTIs.

Mictis, Leach, Zool. Mise: i. p. 92 (1814),

Type, ML. profana, Fabr.

Mictis aruana, sp. n.

Head black, sparingly greyishly pilose ; pronotum, scu-

tellum, corium, and sternum thickly, shortiy, greyishly

pilose ; membrane dark shining olivaceous; lateral margins

of pronotum (not reaching apex), base of lateral margins to

corium, and lateral margins of first and second abdominal

segments ochraceous ; three large carmine-red spots on each

side of sternum, one on each segment.

g. Antenne black, shortly finely pilose, first joint almost

as long as head and pronotum together, second shorter than

first, slightly longer than third (fourth mutilated in typical

specimen) ; rostrum not quite reaching the intermediate

coxe ; pronotum subequal in length to breadth at base, the

lateral margins oblique and shortly crenulate, lateral angles

not prominent ; membrane very distinctly cellular at base ;

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 26

390 On Rhynchota from the Aru Islands.

apical angles of corium narrowly produced ; scutellum trans-

versely wrinkled; margins of the connexivum granulose,

slightly nodulose at the segmental incisures ; second segment

of the abdomen beneath with a large and prominent tubercle

on each side; anterior and intermediate feniora with a distinct

spine near apex and slightly longer than the tibize ; posterior

femora long, robust, slightly curved, attenuated at base,

posterior tibize moderately dilated, with a strong spine at

inner surface before apex; membrane not quite reaching

abdominal apex.

Long., 3, 35 mm.

Allied to M. limbativentris, Stal, from New Guinea, but

rostrum not reaching the intermediate coxee: the species a

considerably larger one ; the lateral sternal fascia broken up

distinctly into three segmental spots; abdominal pale lateral

margin absent above, beneath only visible on the first and

second segments.

Genus SAWDA.

Sawda, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xv. p. 62 (1905).

Type, S. mimica, Dist.

pe, ,

Sawda froggatl, sp. n.

Head and pronotum greenish ochraceous, the latter with a

pale, narrow, longitudinal fascia, with darker margins and

widened anteriorly and posteriorly ; mesonotum brownish

olivaceous, with two obconical black-margined spots ex-

tending about halfway frem anterior margin, on each side of

which is a shorter, more angulate, dark-margined spot, the

dark margins not meeting apically ; abdomen above casta-

neous, more or less finely greyishly pilose; face, sternum,

and legs virescent ; opercula ochraceous ; abdomen beneath

stramineous; tegmina and wings hyaline, the veins greenish

or ochraceous; tegmina with the transverse veins at the

apices of the ulnar areas infuscated, and the apices of the

longitudinal veins to apical areas also infuscated, some of the

veins on basal half of tegmina also distinctly marked with

dark fuscous; opercula almost reaching the base of the fifth

abdominal segment, well separated internally, moderately

convex, lateral margins concavely sinuate, apical margins

obliquely truncate, inner margins nearly straight.

Long., ¢ 35 mm.; exp. tegm. 108 mm.

Allied to S. gestroet, Dist., from New Guinea, but a smaller

species, the opercula more obliquely truncate at their

apices, Ke.

— ————————

Bibliographical Notices. 391

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

Canada Department of Mines, Geological Survey Branch.

We have recently received two interesting parts of these publica-

tions: “ Preliminary Memoir on the Lewes and Nordenskiéld Rivers

Coal District, Yukon Territory,” by D. D. Cairnes, and ‘* New Species

of Shells collected by Mr. John Macoun at Barkley Sound, Vancouver

Island, British Columbia,” described by William H. Dall and Paul

Bartsch. The former paper, besides matter interesting to the

mineralogist and miner, includes an account of the district, illus-

trated by several plates and two topographical and geological maps

of the Tantalus Coal Area and the Braeburn-Kynacks Coal Area

respectively. There are also occasional notes on fauna and flora,

fossils, &c. Messrs. Dall and Bartsch’s paper is illustrated by a

plate representing 9 species of shells.

Records of the Indian Museum. (A Journal of Indian Zoology.) Vol.

iy. no. vi. Issued March 9th, 1911. A Revision of the Species of

Tabanus from the Oriental Region, including Notes on Species from

surrounding Countries. By Gerrrupe Ricarpo. Calcutta.

Pp. 111-258; 2 pls. Price 2 rupees.

A very useful synopsis of the subject. 117 species are included

in the present paper, divided into 11 groups, and a table is given of

all the species with which Miss Ricardo is sufficiently acquainted to

include them. Many supposed species have been sunk as synonyms,

but 40 have been described as new. The paper is entirely syste-

matic, and we do not notice any remarks on habits, &c., which, as

many collectors are inexcusably careless about recording even

localities, is perhaps not surprising.

Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalene in the British Museum.

Vol. X., Plates exlviii—clxxiii. London: Printed by Order of the

Trustees, 1911. Price 20s.

Srx months after the publication of vol. x. of this epoch-making

work the coloured plates illustrating it have appeared. It is easy

to see that they accurately represent the moths themselves and, as

usual, are drawn and lithographed by our leading entomological

artist, Mr. Horace Knight, and are chromolithographed by Messrs.

West and Newman. Asthemoths belong to thesubfamily Hrastriane,

which is poorly represented in Britain, and even in Europe, most of

the figures represent species of forms and colours unfamiliar to

British entomologists ; nevertheless, on pl. exlviii., which represents

moths of the subfamily Acronyctine described in vols. viii. and ix., we

find a figure of a female of Luperina gueneei, Doubl., a British

species. This appears to be the only European species figured,

among upwards of 800 from all other parts of the world; there are,

however, a few Palxarctic species, among others, from Algeria,

Egypt, Asia Minor, &c. This elaborate and well-illustrated mono-

graph cannot but be of the greatest value to all Lepidopterists who

pay any attention to exotic species.

392 Geological Society.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

March 8th, 1911.—Prof. W. W. Watts, Sc.D., M.Se., F.R.S

President, in the Chair.

“

The following communication was read :—

‘On the Teeth of the Genus Ptychodus, and their Distribution

in the English Chalk.’ By George Edward Dibley, F.G.S.

This paper is an attempt to define the species of the fossil

fish genus Ptychodus, and gives the result of the investigations

pursued by the writer during the past twenty years among the

extensive Chalk quarries in the Thames and Medway Valleys, West

Kent, and the adjoining parts of Surrey, with reference to the

zonal distribution of the genus.

The Medway Valley affords special facilities for such investi-

gations, as there are numerous quarries worked there, from the

Micraster cor-anguinum zone down to the Chalk Marl. In addition

to material from the above-mentioned localities, material collected

from the contents of the chief provincial museums, and also the

specimens in the National Collections at the British Museum (Natural

History) and the Museum of Practical Geology, Jermyn Street, have

been studied in detail by the Author, who has obtained no less than

fifty associated sets of teeth from various localities.

Hitherto, our information as regards Ptychodus has been derived

from associated sets of Pt. decurrens in place and isolated teeth of

this and other species. The variation in teeth of one individual is

often so marked, that when found separately they have given rise

to the formation of new species. From evidence now brought

together by the Author for the first time, it can be proved that

these teeth belong to already-known species, and merely represent

a phase in variation in the development of certain teeth of one

species.

Special attention has been given to -the extreme variation in

Pt. decurrens, as well as in the equally variable species Pt. poly-

gyrus, and one new species has been added.

A special feature is, that throughout the species, a series of teeth

extending from the centre to the exterior of the palate is figured,

which also for the first time enables the student to form some idea

of the variation exhibited by the separate rows, even in the teeth

of the same individual, and indicates the care necessary in identifying

species when dealing with solitary teeth.

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[EIGHTH SERIES. |

No. 46. OCTOBER 1911.

LV.—Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Syntomide,

Arctiade, Agaristide, and Noctuide. By Sir Grorer F.

Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S.

Tue following paper forms a sixth supplement to the first ten

volumes of the ‘Catalogue of Lepidoptera Phalene in the

British Museum,’ the former papers having appeared in the

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. viii. pp. 165-186 (1901),

vol. xi. pp. 337-351 (1903), vol. xv. pp. 425-453 (1905),

vol, xix. pp. 221-257 (1907), and ser. 8, vol. iv. pp. 344-388

(1909).

The numbers before the species indicate their position in

the classification adopted in those volumes. ‘The types are

in the British Museum.

Syntomide.

81 a. Syntomis leucozona, sp. n.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown with a slight

bluish gloss ; frons white; shoulders and pectus with white

spots ; abdomen with subdorsal white spots on first segment,

lateral spots on second segment, and dorsal band on fourth

segment. Fore wing black-brown with a faint bluish gloss ;

a triangular semihyaline white spot below middle of cell and

postmedial spots below veins 7, 5, 4. Hind wing black-

brown with a faint bluish gloss; a round semihyaline white

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 27

394 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

spot below the cell and postmedial spots below veins 5 and 3,

the latter small.

Hab. Borneo, Limbang (Moulton), 1 2 type. Exp.

46 mm. é

195 a. Syntomis tritonia, sp. i.

9. Head and thorax black shot with metallic green;

the antenne white towards tips; frons and tegule with

white points at side, the shoulders with white spots; cox

with white spots, the femora and tibiz streaked with white,

the tarsi with the basal joints white ; abdomen black suffused

with metallic green, the basal segment with subdorsal white

spots and lateral orange spots, the four following segments

with subdorsal orange bands and ventral spots. Fore wing

black suffused with brilliant metallic green; an elliptical

hyaline antemedial spot below the cell, quadrate spot in end

of cell, oblique spot below vein 2, and elongate postmedial

spots above veins 6, 4, 3. Hind wing black shot with

brilliant metallic green; a hyaline patch on basal inner area,

spot in end of cell, and postmedial spots above and below

vein 3.

Hab. S. Nicerta, Ilesha (Humphrey), 1 2 type. zp.

50 mm.

297. Balacra furva, sp. n.

Pseudapiconoma rubricincta, Hmpsn, Cat. Lep. Phal, B. M.i. p. 151

(part.).

¢. Head and thorax white, the palpi, frons, and edges of

tegulz crimson, the patagia with crimson stripes, the pro-,

meso-, and metathorax with paired dorsal bars; antennze

black below ; pectas and femora crimson, the tibize and tarsi

white; abdomen crimson with white and fuscous segmental

lines, the anal tuft white at tip, the ventral surface white

with crimson bands. Fore wing with the basal half, inner

area, and costal area buff, the last extending beyond the cell

down to vein 6 and with a white stripe on costa to beyond

middle and antemedial spot on vein 1; the rest of wing

hyaline, with the veins buff; a hyaline spot in end of cell

before the buff discoidal patch conjoined to the buff on costal

area. Hind wing small, with the tornus lobed; crimson,

the cilia white.

Hab. Gouv Coast (IW. H. Johnston), 1 3 type, Ashanti

(McCarthy),1 3. Exp. 40 mm.

Grenera and Spectes of Syntomide. 395

300a, Melisa atavistis, sp. n.

Fore wing of male with veins 2, 3, 4 not bent downwards ;

hind wing rather larger and less distorted, the costal area

with fold towards apex only.

ere ig and thorax black-brown shot with some metallic

blue; legs scarlet, the tibiz with some blue-black at base

and orange on inner side, the tarsi orange ; abdomen black-

brown w ith silvery-blue seemental lines on terminal segments,

subdorsal series of ochreous spots, the anal tuft crimson, the

ventral surface with the basal half scarlet, the terminal ‘half

ochreous. Fore wing black-brown suffused with metallic

blue. Hind wing black-brown. Underside of fore wing

with grey-brown streak above vein 5.

Hab. Gov Coast, Bibianaha (Spurrell), 3 g type. Exp.

48 mm.

417 a, Eunomia caymanensis, sp. n.

?. Head and thorax black; palpi white in front and

behind ; frons edged with white except above at middle;

gule and a point on vertex of head white; tegule and

patagia edged with white, the dorsum of thorax with white

streak and the meso- and metathorax edged with white

behind; pectus, fore coxe at sides, and the femora above

except at extremities crimson, the coxz white in front, the

legs streaked with white; abdomen black with subdorsal

series of white and crimson bars, the terminal segments with

dorsal white segmental lines, the anal segment with white

patch, lateral crimson stripes, the ventral surface crimson at

base, then with crimson bands. Fore wing hyaline, the

veins and margins black slightly irrorated with white; an

oblique white striga below base of cell and streak on base of

vein 1; a black discoidal bar conjoined to the black on

costa ; the terminal band expanding widely on apical area

and below vein 2, its inner edge angled inwards at discal

fold. Hind wing hyaline, the veins and margins black

slightly irrorated with white, the inner area black to sub-

median fold, the black on termen expanding widely on apical

area.

Hab. Granp Cayman, Georgetown (Savage-English),1 9

type. Hap. 32 mm.

805 a. Diptilon flavipalpis, sp. n,

3g. Head and thorax black ; palpi orange, the third joint

Pals

396 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

black; frons ochreous white; gule orange-red ; vertex of

head with ochreous streaks conjoined behind ; tegulz, patagia,

and dorsum of thorax with brownish streaks; legs streaked

with yellow and black, the hind tibie and tarsi orange;

abdomen black with some yellow and brown hairs, the first

three segments with dorsal yellow patches and their ventral

surface ochreous white. Fore wing hyaline, the veins and

margins narrowly black. Hind wing black with the fold

aud tuft white.

Hab. Ancentina, La Rioja (Giacomelli),1 3 type. Exp.

24 mm,

P. 451. For Trichodesma, Hmpsn. 1898, nec Leconte,

Col. 1861, read Desmorricua, n. n.

1062 a. Delphyre pyroperas, sp. n.

Head and thorax pale red-brown, the back of head and

shoulders with paired crimson spots ; palpi at base and coxee

pale crimson; abdomen black-brown, the four terminal

segments crimson with slight dark segmental lines and the

anal tuft blackish, the ventral surface crimson. Fore wing

pale red-brown, the veins, discal and submedian fold slightly

darker ; a faint diffused discoidal patch, the apical area with

faint diffused patch. Hind wing black-brown with hyaline

streaks in, below, and just beyond the cell and on basal inner

area.

Hab. Braztt, Rio Grande do Sul, 1 9; Paracuay, Sapu-

cay (Foster), 1 3 type. Hap. 42 mm.

1091 c. Eucereon pyrozona, sp. n.

do. Head and thorax black-brown mixed with yellowish,

the back of head and shoulders with paired pale crimson

spots, the metathorax with yellowish-white patch; coxe

crimson; abdomen black, with orange-scarlet subdorsal spots

on fifth segment and dorsal band on sixth to eighth segment.

Fore wing black-brown, with olive-yellowish streaks on the

veins and in discal and submedian folds; a curved olive sub-

basal line from costa to submedian fold; antemedial line

slightly angled outwards below costa, then oblique to vein 1

and bent inwards to inner margin; a round dark spot at

middle of cell defined on inner side by olive and on outer by

a rather quadrate whitish patch ; an olive discoidal striga; a

sinuous olive line beyond the cell between veins 7 and 3;

postmedial line pale olive, oblique from costa to vein 4 at

Genera and Species of Arctiade. 397

subterminal line, then bent inwards to vein 2 below end of

cell and erect to inner margin; subterminal line pale olive,

oblique to vein 5, then bent inwards to the angle of post-

medial line at vein 3, where it terminates in an ochreous

terminal patch between veins 4 and 2 with two short black

streaks on it. Hind wing black-brown with the interspaces

hyaline in, below, and just beyond the cell.

Hab. Venezvuera, Caura Valley (Klages), 5 § type; Br.

Guiana (Rodway), 1 go. Exp. 42-46 mm.

Arctiade.

Norryvz.

7 a. Celama ochrolopha, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax white; palpi fuscous towards base ;

antennie fuscous towards tips ; pectus and legs suffused with

fuscous, the tarsi ringed with white ; abdomen whitish with

diffused fuscous bands. Fore wing white, the inner and

terminal areas tinged with brown; a small black spot at

base of costa, the costal edge black to the antemedial line

with a slight subbasal striga from it; antemedial line black,

curved, expanding into a small spot at costa; tufts of

ochreous scales at middle of cell and on discocellulars,

slightly defined by blackish; postmedial line black, angled

outwards below costa, then with a diffused black band before

it forming slight streaks at the veins and angled inwards at

vein 2, the lime incurved below vein 4; subterminal line

black, angled outwards at vein 6 and excurved at middle,

angled inwards at discal fold and vein 2. Hind wing white

tinged with brown, the underside with diffused dark discoidal

spot.

Hab. Sixuim (Moller), 1 2 type. Lup. 18 mm,

6la. Nola fovifera, sp. n.

Fore wing of male with triangular fovea in upper extremity

of cell.

Head and thorax grey-white mixed with fuscous; palpi

black at sides, whitish above; antennz blackish; legs black,

the tarsi ringed with white; abdomen grey-white with

obscure dorsal brownish bands. Fore wing pale grey

irrorated with black; a blackish mark on costa near base ;

antemedial line black, slightly angled outwards below costa,

then oblique and minutely waved, bent outwards above inner

margin, a black patch beyond it on costa; postmedial line

398 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

represented by a series of black points on the veins, excurved

below costa and between veins 5 and 3, then incurved; a

diffused subterminal line with dark streaks on the veins,

excurved below costa and at middle; a terminal series of

black points ; cilia with fuscous spots near base and fine line

near tips. Hind wing whitish tinged with brown; the

underside with the costal area irrorated with black, a fuscous

discoidal bar.

Hab. Goxiv Coast, Kumasi (Whiteside), 1 9; N.E. Ruo-

pEsia, Fort Jameson (Neave), 1 ¢ type. Exp. 20 mm.

61 c. Nola perfusca, sp. nu.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous brown mixed with

some grey. [Fore wing fuscous brown mixed with grey and

irrorated with black; traces of an oblique sinuous ante-

medial line ; a blackish spot in middle of cell; faint traces

of sinuous postmedial and subterminal lines. Hind wing

fuscous brown slightly irrorated with grey.

9. Greyer, especially the head, thorax, and fore wing,

the last without the blackish spot in cell.

Hab. S. Nigeria, Lagos (Lamborn), 1 g, 1 2 type.

Ezp., 3 16, 2 18 mm.

Cocoon brown, formed several together on a leaf.

66 c. Nola chionea, sp. un.

g. Head and thorax white; palpi and antenne except

towards base ochreous mixed with blackish; pectus and legs

suffused with ochreous brown, the fore legs blackish, the

tarsi ringed with white; abdomen white suffused with

ochreous brown. Fore wing white, the terminal area

suffused with ochreous brown except at apex; an ochreous-

brown patch at base of costa, a medial patch from costa to

median nervure and another from vein 2 to inner margin

with some silvery scales on them; a postmedial series of

points on the veins, incurved below vein 4 and below vein 2 to

the inner medial patch ; an indistinct white subterminal line

excurved below vein 7 and at middle ; some brownish spots

on costa towards apex and a series at extremities of the

veins ; cilia ochreous mixed with brown. Hind wing white,

the cilia tinged with ochreous brown except towards tornus ;

the underside with the costal area thickly irrorated with

brown, a dark discoidal spot.

Hab. S. Nigeria, esha (Humphrey), 1 ¢ type. Exp.

18 mm.

Genera and Species of Arctiade. 399

90 a. Nola diagona, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax white slightly irrorated with brown ;

palpi with brown spot on second joint in front ; pectus and

legs suffused with brown, the tarsi ringed with white ; abdo-

men ochreous white, the ventral surface suffused with brown.

Fore wing white irrorated with fuscous especially on outer

half of medial area; a small subbasal dark spot on costa ;

antemedial line blackish with small spot on costa, oblique

and sinuous to submedian fold, then inwardly oblique; a

dark spot on costa above end of cell and oblique sinuous line

from lower angle to inner margin ; postmedial line blackish,

oblique to vein 5, then inwardly oblique and slightly bent

outwards to inner margin ; subterminal line indistinct, dark,

angled outwards below vein 7, excurved and with dark patch

before it at middle, then oblique; a slight maculate line

before termen, bent inwards to costa, and a terminal series

of dark strie. Hind wing white, the termen tinged with

brown except towards tornus; the underside with the costal

area irrorated with brown and a discoidal striga.

Hab. Dutcnu N. Guinua, Fak-fak (Pratt), 1 2 type.

Exp, 22 mm,

115 a. Reselia xanthoplaga, sp. n,

2. Head and tegule white, the thorax white tinged with

ochreous ; palpi, antennz, pectus, legs, and abdomen white

tinged with brown, the tarsi fuscous ringed with white.

Fore wing white suffused with pale red-brown, some yellow

suffusion on basal area, the inner medial area yellow tinged

with rufous and irrorated with large black scales, and with

slight black streaks on vein 2 and in submedian fold ; ante-

medial line rather ill-defined, double, brownish filled in with

white, excurved, a blackish spot on it at costaand an oblique

blackish bar beyond it from costa with an oblique whitish

shade from before it to lower angle of cell; postmedial line

absent ; the apical part of costa. suffused with blackish, with

some white points on costa; subterminal line indistinct,

white, obliquely excurved below costa, excurved to termen at

middle, a white patch at tornus with an elliptical red-brown

patch on it and. a dark line on its inner edge; cilia white

mixed with brown on apical half and with some dark points

above tornus. Hind wing white, the apex faintly tinged

with brown. Underside of fore wing white suffused with

fuscous brown except on inner area.

Hab. Stxurm (Moller), 1 2 type. Ezp. 26 mm.

400 Sir G. F, Hampson on new

124a. Reselia hemizona, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax ochreous white, the latter suffused

with red-brown; palpi dark brown; antenne red-brown ;

legs suffused with red-brown, the tarsi dark brown with pale

rings ; abdomen white, slightly tinged with red-brown.

Fore wing ochreous white, the costal area to beyond middle

and the terminal area suffused with red-brown; an oblique

red-brown bar from middle of costa to just below end of cell,

defined at sides by white and with a few silvery scales on it ;

postmedial line very indistinct, oblique from the red-brown

costal area to vein 4, then incurved; traces of a punctiform

subterminal line, angled inwards at vein 2; the veins of

terminal area with slight dark streaks on apical half. Hind

wing white, the termen and cilia faintly tinged with red-

brown except towards tornus ; the underside with the costal

area faintly tinged with ochreous.

Hab. Dutcu N. Guinea, Fak-fak (Prati), 1 3 type.

Exp. 20 mm.

151 a. Reselia atrinota, sp. un.

Hind wing with veins 3, 4 from cell.

do. Head and thorax silvery white with a few blackish

scales ; palpi blackish; antenne brown; the tegule with

diffused blackish medial band; tibiz and tarsi banded with

brown; abdomen white suffused with ochreous brown. Fore

wing silvery white irrorated with a few black scales, the

apical area blackish to vein 3, with some silvery scales on it

and a whitish patch on costa at apex ; some brown suffusion

on costa near base witha white subbasal striga on it ; medial

line indistinct, double, blackish, with some blackish suffusion

on it at costa, oblique and slightly sinuous to submedian

fold, then bent inwards to inner margin where there is a

eonical blackish patch on it; traces of an oblique black

postmedial line before the dark apical area from costa to

vein 4. and a black point in submedian fold, some whitish

points beyond it on costa ; traces of some black and whitish

subterminal points on the dark apical area; a slight puncti-

form black terminal line; cilia blackish on apical half,

whitish mixed with brown on inner half, and with slight

dark line through them. Hind wing white tinged with

brown, the terminal area suffused with brown except towards

tornus ; cilia with a dark line through them; the underside

with oblique dark discoidal striga.

Hab. Dutcn N. Guinea, Fak-fak (Pratt), 1 g type.

Exp. 22 mm.

Genera and Species of Arctiade. 401

Lirnostanm.

215 a. Nishada brunneipennis, sp. n.

&. Head and tegule orange-yellow ; palpi brown at tips;

antenne brown; tegule with brown patches; thorax dark

brown, with some orange-yellow at base of patagia and a

patch on metathorax; pectus and legs yellow, the latter

brown above; abdomen dark brown, the ventral surface

yellow. Fore wing brown with a yellow spot at base of

costa. Hind wing brown, the costal area whitish. Under-

side of fore wing with the basal half whitish except the

costal area.

2. Hind wing uniform pale brown; the underside of

both wings wholly brown.

Hab. Mouvccas, Batian (Doherty}, 3 g, 1 ¢ type.

Exp., 3 22-24, 2 26 mm.

804 6. Ilema mesosticta, sp. n.

Fore wing with vein 6 from below angle of cell ; 11 ana-

stomosing with 12.

9. Head and thorax ochreous brown ; abdomen ochreous

brown dorsally tinged with fuscous. Fore wing ochreous

brown; a black spot in upper extremity of cell with another

below it in submedian fold. Hind wing pale ochreous

brown with the terminal area to vein 2 darker ; the under-

side pale brownish grey, the costal area and terminal area

to vein 2 more ochreous brown.

Hab. S. Nigeria, Ilesha (Humphrey), 1 ? type. Exp.

26 mm.

344. Ilema cretacea, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax chalky white slightly tinged with

yellowish; pectus yellowish; palpi and legs tinged with

fuscous; abdomen yellowish with some whitish at base.

Fore wing chalky white irrorated with a few brownish

scales, the costal edge fulvous yellow. Hind wing chalky

white, the inner margin and terminal area yellow. Under-

side of both wings yellow, the fore wing tinged with brown

except on costal and inner areas,

Hab. Sixuim (Moller), 1 g type. Ezp. 28 mm.

379 a. Chrysorabdia vilemani, sp. un.

Chrysorabdia taiwana, Wileman, Entom., 1910, p. 178, 2 (nec ¢).

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow; palpi at tips,

sides of frons, and antennz black; tegule metallic green

402 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

over black with yellow outer edge; femora towards extre-

mities, tibice and tarsi green over black, Fore wing yellow;

a broad black costal fascia suffused with metallic green and

of nearly even width throughout; a similar oblique fascia

from above inner margin near base to below vein 5 near

termen, pointed towards base ; cilia blackish on apical half.

Hind wing yellow.

Hab. Formosa, Rantaizan (Wileman), type + 2 in Coll.

Wileman. ap. 54 mm.

Genus HELIoRABDIA, nov.

Type, Chrysorabdia taiwana, Wileman.

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi porrect, hardly extending

beyond the frons which is smooth; eyes large, round;

antenne of male ciliated; tibiee with the spurs moderate.

Fore wing long and narrow; vein 2 from middle of cell;

3 from nearangle; 4,5 from angle ; 9 from 10 anastomosing

with 8 to form the areole, 7 from the areole; 11 from cell.

Hind wing with veins 8 and 5 from angle of cell, 4 absent ;

6, 7 coincident; 8 from middle of cell.

421 a. Agylla endoloba, sp. n.

Fore wing with the inner margin strongly curved and

forming a lobe.

¢. Head and thorax white suffused with fuscous ;

antenne tinged with fulvous ; abdomen white slightly tinged

with fuscous ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen

ochreous white, the fore legs brownish. Fore wing white,

the inner half suffused with greyish fuscous, the costal edge

tinged with fulvous yellow. Hind wing white. Underside

of fore wing yellowish white, with a large diffused brownish

patch on tornal area,

Hab. W. Coromaia, Rio Dagua, Naranjito, 1 ¢ type.

Exp. 34 mm.

431 a. Agylla stenipiera, sp. n.

&. Head and thorax fuscous ; palpi at base, antenne,

vertex of head, tegula except at tips and patagia ochreous ;

pectus, legs, and abdomen ochreous, the fore tibiz and tarsi

fuscous. lore wing narrow, silvery white, a broad fuscous

fascia on inner margin with some ochreous suflusion

above it; the costal edge ochreous, fuscous at base. Hind

wing ochreous white, with some fuscous suffusion on termen

from apex to vein 4. Underside of fore wing ochreous

Genera and Species of Avctiade. 403

white, the terminal area fuscous extending as a wedge-

shaped patch in cell nearly to base.

Hab. W. Cotomsia, R. Dagua, Naranjito, 1 ¢ type.

Exp. 30 mm,

545 b. Garudinodes trizona, sp. n.

Fore wing with vein 6 stalked with 7, 8, and 10.

9. Head white, the palpi and antennz red-brown; thorax

and abdomen red-brown, the patagia with a few white scales

at tips, the tibize and tarsi with white bands, the anal tuft

whitish at extremity. Fore wing white; a broad oblique

chocolate-brown antemedial band, its outer edge excurved at

middle; an oblique medial chocolate-brown band expanding

somewhat to costa and inner margin; a broad terminal

chocolate-brown band leaving a small white patch at apex,

its inner edge obliquely curved and slightly angled inwards

below costa and at middle; cilia white except at base to-

wards tornus. Hind wing pale chocolate-brown.

Hab. Dutcn N. Guinea, Ron I. (Doherty), 1 2 type.

Exp. 20 mm.

560d. Macaduma castanea, sp. n.

3g. Head, thorax, and abdomen chestnut-brown ; pectus,

ventral surface of abdomen, and anal tuft yellow. Fore

wing chestnut-brown, the terminal half slightly tinged with

grey and with a faint diffused curved chestnut postmedial

band. Hind wing yellow, the terminal area tinged with

red-brown, narrowing to tornus. Underside of fore wing

with the truncate apical part of costa yellow. ;

Hab. Durcn N. Guinea, Fak-fak (Pratt), 1 3 type.

Exp. 28 mm.

696 a. Eurosia puncticosta, sp. n.

Antenne of male ciliated; hind wing with veins 3, 4

shortly stalked, the costa strongly lobed and the apex

truncate.

3d. Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown, the last

dorsally tinged with fuscous. Fore wing red-brown; the

costal edge blackish towards base; a black-brown point

at middle of costa and postmedial striga from costa. Hind

wing rather paler red-brown.

Hab. Batian (Doherty), 1 3 type. Exp. 12 mm.

798 a. Nodozana pyrophora, sp. u.

Fore wing of male on underside with fringe of hair below

404 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

middle of costa, a patch of androconia in middle of cell and

another patch on discocellulars, some silky scaling below

end of cell with hairy scaling before and beyond it, the

neuration rather distorted; hind wing with vein 5 from

lower angle of cell.

3d. Head, thorax, and abdomen creamy white; palpi,

antenne, pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen

slightly tinged with brown. Fore wing creamy white; a

small black discoidal spot; a large patch of fiery orange-

red below and beyond the cell from before middle to near

termen, extending slightly into the middle of cell and

interrupted by a creamy-white bar from lower angle of cell

to vein 1, then bent outwards to tornus, the outer edge of

the patch obliquely curved from below costa beyond the cell.

Hind wing creamy white. Underside of fore wing creamy

white, with the fringe of hair below costa and the patches of

androconia fuscous brown.

Hab. Bortvia, Yungas la Paz (Seebold), 2 3 type. Lap.

18 mm.

830 a. Siccia melanospila, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen grey tinged with pale red-

brown; palpi black; fore legs and mid tibiz and tarsi blackish.

Fore wing brownish grey; small obliquely placed subbasal

black spots on costa and below the cell; antemedial black

spots on costa and below the cell ; medial black spots on

costa, in cell, and on inner margin, and a discoidal spot;

traces of a punctiform postmedial line with black spots on

costa, in discoidal and submedian folds and on inner margin,

the line oblique from costa to discal fold, then inwardly

oblique to submedian fold and bent outwards to inner

margin; a spot on costa towards apex; some points on

apical part of costa and spots at discal and submedian folds.

Hind wing whitish suffused with brown ; the underside with

the costal area browner, a brown discoidal spot.

Hab. Br. E. Arnica, Kikuyu, Escarpment (Doherty),

36,1 2 type. Eazp. 24 mm,

Genus Puacvsost4, nov.

Type, P. xanthosoma.

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi porrect, not extending

beyond the frons, which is rounded; antenne of female

ciliated; hind tibie with two pairs of spurs. Fore wing

long and narrow, the apex rounded, the termen obliquely

curved; veins 3,4 from angle of cell; 5 from well above

Genera and Species of Arctiadx. 405

angle; 6, 7,8 stalked; 9 absent; 10,11 from cell. Hind

wing with vein 2 from near angle of cell; 3, 4 on a long

stalk; 5 from just below middle “of discocellulars ; 6, 7on a

long stalk ; ; 8 from middle of cell.

894¢e. Phacusosia vanthosoma, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax dark brown ; shoulders with orange

bar ; metathorax with orange patch; cox yellow; abdomen

orange, with lateral brown patches at base and the extremity

dark brown. Fore wing dark brown ; a small yellow spot

at base of cell; a wedge-shaped hyaline patch in cell and

elongate patch below it bisected by the dark submedian

fold; a blackish discoidal patch ; hyaline streaks beyond the

cell between veins 10 and 2, the streak above vein 2 slight.

Hind wing black-brown; the costal area whitish to near

apex; a hyaline streak below the cell.

- Hab. Br. N. Guiana, Babooni (Pratt), 1 2 type. ap.

36 mm.

896 a. Tricholepis melanoxantha, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax orange; palpi and antenne black ;

pectus and legs black-brown, the former with some orange

m front and at sides ; abdomen black-brown, the ventral

surface orange except at extremity. Fore wing with the

basal half orange, its outer edge straight and erect ; a slight

subbasal black streak on costa; the terminal half black-

brown. Hind wing black, with the costal area to near apex

and the cell orange.

Hab. Mouvccas, Batian (Doherty), 1 8 type. Exp.

16 mm.

930 a. Asura anemica, sp. n.

6+ Head and thorax pale yellow mixed with pale red-

brown; abdomen yellowish white. Fore wing very pale

red-brown ; some pale yellowish at base of inner margin;

slight antemedial yellowish marks on costa and below the

cell; an irregular yellowish patch on inner medial area and

an irregular mark beyond and below lower angle of cell;

traces of some small subterminal yellowish spots and of

slight spots on termen above and below vein 2. Hind wing

yellowish white, the apex faintly tinged with brown.

Hab, Durcu N, Guinea, Fak-fak (Pratt), 2 ¢ type.

Exp. 20-26 mm.

406 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

1009 a. Miltochrista pheodonta, sp. n.

Head and thorax pale ochreous yellow ; vertex of head

and shoulders with black points; fore tibize with fuscous

band at extremities; abdomen ochreous white, fuscous to-

wards extremity and on ventral surface. Fore wing

ochreous ; fuscous streak on basal area below costa and cell

and above and below vein 1, short towards inner margin ; the

costal edge black to the strongly excurved antemedial black

line which does not quite reach inner margin ; a slightly

curved medial black line, approximated to the antemedial

line below costa; postmedial line blackish, rather diffused,

bent outwards below costa, then oblique and very highly

dentate to above inner margin, some short black streaks

beyond it below costa and a subterminal series of small

blackish spots. Hind wing pale ochreous; a diffused pale

fuscous postmedial line from costa to vein 2, slightly

excurved below costa, then oblique; a faint fuscous sub-

apical spot and subterminal bar towards tornus. Underside

of fore wing with the basal half of costal area fuscous, a

broad fuscous postmedial band except on inner area with

slight streaks beyond it on the veins.

Hab. S1xutm (Moller), 2 3,1 9 type. Exp. 22 mm.

1153 a. Diduga plumosa, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish suffused with

brown; palpi and fore legs blackish. Fore wing greyish

suffused with red-brown; an oblique antemedial brown line

with small spot at costa, slightly incurved below submedian

fold and with some brown suffusion beyond it in cell; a

faint elliptical brown annulus just beyond the cell ; post-

medial line with dark spot at costa, very strongly bent out-

wards below costa, then waved, bent inwards at vein 3,a

maculate brown band beyond it and some dark points on

costa ; a terminal series of dark points. Hind wing greyish

suffused with brown.

Hab. Tampora (Doherty), 1 3 type. #zp.16 mm.

1162 a. Eugoa sexpuncta, sp. n.

¢o. Ilead and thorax yellow tinged with brown; sides

of palpi and frons black ; abdomen yellow. Fore wing

yellowish slightly irrorated with brown, the terminal area

slightly suffused with brown; small obliquely placed sub-

basal and antemedial black spots below costa and in sub-

median fold, a spot above base of vein 2 and a discoidal spot ;

Genera and Species of Arctiadee. 407

an oblique brown shade from postmedial part of costa to

discal fold beyond the cell and an incurved shade on inner

area with blackish spots on it, above and below vein 1; an

obscure rather diffused dark subterminal line arising from

apex, angled outwards at vein 7, excurved at middle and

above tornus and angled inwards at discal fold and at vein 2.

Hind wing yellow, the apex slightly tinged with brown.

Hab. Dutcu N. Guinea, Fak-fak (Pratt) 1 g type. Exp.

24 mm.

ARCTIANE.

Genus H#{MAPHLEBIA, nov.

Type, Baritius venata, Roths.

Proboscis fully developed; palpi upturned, the second

joint reaching to middle of frons, the third short ; frons

smooth; antenne of male bipectinate with moderate

branches, the apex serrate; hind tibize with two pairs of

spurs ; abdomen with some rough hair at base. Fore wing

with the apex rounded, the termen evenly curved and not

crenulate; vein 3 from before angle of cell; 5 from above

angle ; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked, 7 from just

beyond 10; 11 from cell. Hind wing with veins 3 and 5

stalked, 4 absent ; 6, 7 shortly stalked ; 8 from middle of

cell.

Genus PypNAoDEs, nov.

Type, Tessellarctia distincta, Roths.

Proboscis fully developed; palpi upturned, the second

joimt reaching to middle of frons and broadly scaled, the

third short ; frons smooth ; eyes large, round ; antennz of

male bipectinate with moderate branches to apex ; fore tibi

fringed with hair, the hind tibiz with two pairs of spurs ;

abdomen with some rough hair at base of dorsum. Fore

wing with the apex somewhat produced and acute, the

termen evenly curved; vein 3 from before angle of cell; 5

from just above angle; 6 from below upper angle; 7, 8, 9,

10 stalked; 11 from cell. Hind wing with vein 8 from

angle of cell; 4, 5 shortly stalked ; 6, 7 from upper angle ;

8 reduced to a spur from middle of cell.

Genus Nannopora, nov.

Type, Halisidota minuta, Roths.

Proboscis fully developed; palpi upturned, reaching to

408 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

about middle of frons; antenne of male bipectinate with

moderate branches ; fore tibize fringed with long hair; hind

tibize with two pairs of spurs. Fore wing long and narrow,

the apex rather produced and acute, the termen obliquely

curved ; vein 3 from angle of cell; 4,5 strongly stalked ;

6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 from cell.

Hind wing with veins 3, 4, 5 stalked; 6, 7 stalked; 8

absent.

Genus CuLoRocris!4, nov.

Type, Diacrisia irrorata, Roths.

Proboscis aborted, minute; palpi porrect, short, fringed

with long hair below ; a long flattened downcurved corneous

spine from between antennz, pointed at extremity; eyes

large, round; antenne of male bipectinate with moderate

branches to apex; thorax clothed with long hair; tibie

fringed with long hair, the hind tibia with two pairs of

spurs ; abdomen dorsally clothed with long hair towards

base. Fore wing with the apex rounded, the termen evenly

curved ; vein 3 from near angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle; 6

from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10, 11 from cell. Hind

wing with veins 3 and 5 from near angle of cell; 6, 7 from

upper angle ; 8 from middle of cell.

Genus GRAPHELYSIA, Noy.

Type, Elysius strigillata, Roths.

Proboscis rather slight ; palpi porrect, extending as far as

the large, pointed, conical frontal prominence; eyes large,

round, smooth; antennze of male bipectinate with moderate

branches to apex ; thorax clothed with long hair only ; tibiz

moderately fringed with hair, the hind tibiz with terminal

pair of spurs only ; abdomen with some rough hair at base

of dorsum. Fore wing rather narrow, the apex rounded, the

termen obliquely curved ; vein 8 from well before angle of

cell; 5 from above angle ; 6 from below upper angle; 7, 8,

9, 10 stalked, 10 from far beyond 7; 11 from cell. Hind

wing with veins 3, 4 from angle of cell; 5 from above angle ;

6, 7 shortly stalked ; 8 from near middle of cell.

17426. Diacrisia neurica, n. n.

Menas venosa, Umpsn, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M. iii. p. 251 (mee Moore),

Genera and Spectes of Arctiade. 409

18138. Diacrisia nyasica, sp. 0.

¢. Head orange-yellow ; thorax creamy white, the tegule

edged with yellow, the patagia and shoulders with black

spots ; palpi above and antenne black; pectus and legs

orange-yellow, the fore coxe with black spots, the fore

femora streaked with black, the fore and mid tibiz black

above with yellow ring at extremity, the tarsi black, the hind

tarsi black ringed with yellow ; abdomen orange-yellow, with

dorsal and lateral series of black spots except at base and

extremity. Fore wing creamy white; a small black spot at

base ; an antemedial series of five black spots bent outwards

at median nervure ; a small discoidal spot and spot above it

on costa ; a small spot above base of vein 6 and incurved

series of four spots between vein 3 and inner margin. Hind

wing orange-yellow; a black discoidal point. Underside of

fore wing orange-yellow with black discoidal point.

Ab. 1. Fore wing with the antemedial black spot in cell

and the postmedial spots above veins 6 and 2 absent.

Hab. Br. Centr. Arrica, Zomba (Neave), 2 ¢g type.

Exp. 38 mm.

1833 6. Amsacta flavizonata, sp. n.

2. Head and thorax white, the palpi, back of head, and -

tips of tegule yellow; antenne with the branches black,

some yellow between their bases ; femora yellow above, the

fore femora, fore and mid tibiz, and the tarsi on inner side

streaked with black ; abdomen white, the medial segments’

dorsally yellow, lateral series of black points. Fore wing

white, the costal edge yellow ; antemedial black points on

costa and above vein 1 and on one side below median ner-

vure ; a black point at upper angle of cell and two minute

points at lower angle ; a postmedial series of points, incurved

below vein 3; a subterminal series of points from costa to

vein 3, placed in pairs on each side of the veins ; a series of

points just before termen. Hind wing semihyaline white.

Hab. 8. Nicerta, Oshogbo (Simpson), 1 g type. Ezp.

36 mm.

1847 a. Creatonotus neurophea, sp. n.

¢@. Head, thorax, and abdomen white; palpi above and

sides of frons black; antennze blackish ; black spots above

frons and on tegule and patagia; throat with tufts of

blackish hair ; fore coxze and the femora above orange-yellow,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol, viii. 28

410 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

the tibiee and tarsi blackish in front. Fore wing pure white ;

a black spot at base and discoidal point ; vein 1 from before

middle and the veins arising from cell except on costal area

slightly streaked with blackish. Hind wing pure white with

black discoidal point.

Hab. W. Arnica (M. Pounds), 1 8 type. Eap. 40 mm.

1977 b. Stenarctia griseipennis, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax grey tinged with brown ; palpi black

at sides ; frons with black bar ; antenne black, the shaft

white above, the tuft on basal joint crimson, a black spot

between their bases and crimson points behind them; tegulze

with blackish spots at base of dorsum, the prothorax with

blackish streaks; pectus whitish with pale crimson streaks

below the shoulders ; coxee pale crimson, the fore cox with

black spots, the legs striped black and whitish; abdomen

fulvous yellow, the extremity crimson, subdorsal black spots

except at base and extremity and a dorsal black spot on

penultimate segment, sublateral series of black spots and

a ventral series except at extremity. Fore wing grey with

pale streaks on the veins; a subbasal black point below

costa ; an antemedial series of diffused fuscous streaks in

the interspaces; obliquely placed medial black spots on

costa and in cell, a discoidal spot and spot above it on costa ;

acurved fuscous postmedial shade interrupted by grey streaks

on the veins. Hind wing ochreous yellow, the terminal

area grey-brown, broadly at costa and narrowing to vein 1

where it terminates, the veins on it with slight pale streaks ;

the underside with the costal area suffused with fuscous

brown.

Hah. S. Nicerta, Ilesha (Humphrey), 1 g type. Exp.

40 mm.

1990 a. Seirarctia alicia, sp. n.

gd. Head yellow with some fuscous on frons ; palpi and

antenne black; thorax whitish mixed with brown, the

patagia fringed with yellow and crimson hair and with two

small black spots near base; pectus and femora above

crimson, the tibiz and tarsi banded blackish and white ;

abdomen yellowish irrorated with brown, the hair at base

crimson, lateral series of black spots and sublateral series of

bars. Fore wing white strongly and thickly striated with

black, the inner margin and cilia yellow ; a postmedial black

spot in discal fold. Hind wing orange-yellow, the base and

inner area tinged with crimson; a black discoidal spot ;

Genera and Species of Arctiade. 411

confluent subterminal spots on costal area and at discal fold

and spots at veins 2 and 1. Underside of fore wing suffused

with crimson, except the costal and terminal areas which are

yellowish white thickly striated with black ; hind wing with

the costal area to beyond middle and the inner area suffused

with crimson.

Hab, Br. E. Arnica, Bueni (Neave), 1 3 type. Exp.

40 mm,

Genus HapLonerira, nov.

Type, Zdalus simplex, Roths.

Proboscis fully developed; palpiupturned, slender, reaching

to about middle of frons which is smooth ; eyes large, round ;

antennz of male bipectinate with very short branches to

beyond middle, the apical part with bristles and cilia; hind

tibize with two pairs of spurs. Fore wing triangular; veins

3, 4, 5 from angle of cell; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9

stalked, 10 arising from cell and anastomosing with them to

form an areole; 11 from cell; male with elongate fovea

below middle of cell with tuft of hair in it on underside.

Hind wing with veins 3 and 5 stalked, 4 absent ; 6,7 from

upper angle; 8 strongly curved, from middle of cell, the

costa highly arched.

2083 a. Baroa siamica, sp. n.

2. Head and thorax pale yellow, the vertex of head,

tegulie, shoulders, patagia, and metathorax with black spots,

the mesothorax with paired black spots ; antennz blackish

except at base; palpi with black spots on first and second

joints, the third joint black ; pectus and legs grey-brown,

the cox yellow ; abdomen grey-brown, the dorsum black

except towards base. Fore wing grey-brown, the veins,

cell, submedian fold, and inner margin with slight grey

streaks, vein ] with a more prominent streak ; asmall black

spot defined by yellowish at base. Hind wing blackish

brown, the base and costa somewhat paler.

Hab. Stam, Muok-Lek (Fruhstorfer), 1 2 type. Exp.

36 mm.

2113 6. Rhodogustria sarconota, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax very pale red-brown ; palpi crimson

with black points on the joints; antenne dark brown, the

basal joint black on inner side, crimson on outer; frons

above, vertex of head, tips of tegule, patagia at base, and

28*

412 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

paired spots on pro-, meso-, and metathorax black ; shoulders

with black spots; pectus and legs whitish, crimson streaks

below the wings, femora above, the tibiz and base of tarsi

streaked with crimson, the fore tibiz and the tarsi red-

brown ; abdomen crimson, with the five basal segments pale

flesh-colour on dorsum, the ventral surface brown. Fore

wing pale red-brown, the cell and area just below and beyond

it semihyaline ; a small black spot at base. Hind wing pale

red-brown, the inner area paler.

Hab. 8. Nicrrta, Aro (C. M. Gray), 1 3 type. Exp.

50 mm,

2115 a. Rhodogastria metasarca, sp. 1.

d. Head and thorax pale red-brown; palpi pink, the

first joint with black mark at side, the second and third

joints black except at base; antennz black except basal

joint ; fronsand vertex of head with black points, the tegul

dorsally and at sides, patagia, pro- and metathorax with

paired black points ; pectus and legs pink, the fore coxe with

black spots, the extremities of femora, the tibize, and tarsi

streaked with biack ; abdomen pink with lateral and sub-

lateral series of small black spots. Fore wings pale red-

brown; a black point at base of costa and two in cell; a

semihyaline patch beyond and below end of cell between

veins 7 and 2, edged with darker brown on discocellulars and

outer edge, and the veins on it red-brown. Hind wing pale

flesh-pink, with a semihyaline patch in, beyond, and below

end of cell, the veins crossing it pinkish ; the apex tinged

with brown; the underside with the costal area slightly

tinged with brown.

Hab. 8. Nigeria, Sapele (Sampson), 1 g type. L£zp.

54 mm.

Subsp. 1. Fore wing with the semihyaline patch beyond

and below end of cell very indistinct and ill defined, much

narrower beyond the cell ; hind wing without semihyaline

patch on disk.

Hab. Gouv Coast, Accra, 1 ¢. Ezp. 50 mm.

2116 a. Rhodogastria castanea, sp. i.

6. Head and thorax red-brown ; palpi pink with black

mark at side of first joint, the second and third joints black

except at base; frons with black points at sides and above ;

vertex of head with black spot; tegulz dorsally and at sides,

patagia, meso- and metathorax with paired black spots ;

‘pectus and legs pink, the fore coxz with black spots, the legs

Genera and Spectes of Agaristide. 413

streaked with fuscous ; abdomen pink, with lateral and sub-

lateral series of small black spots. Fore wing red-brown,

the cell and the disk beyond and below it semihyaline, a

black point at base of costa and two in cell. Hind wing

semihyaline, the veins, costal and terminal areas pale reddish

brown, the inner margin pale pinkish ; cilia pale.

Hab. 8. Nicerta, Old Calabar (Crompton), 1 3 type.

Eap. 54 mm.

Agaristida.

82a. Polacanthopoda humphrey, sp. n.

dg. Head black, white at side; palpi white at base, the

extremity of second joint and base of third white; antennz

with the shaft white above; thorax deep chocolate-red with

the dorsum black, the tegulz with white stripes, the thorax

with white dorsal streak, the patagia with white stripes and

orange hair on upper edge; pectus orange with some white

at neck; fore legs black with orange streaks on femora and

tibiz, the latter fringed with white on outer side, the mid

and hind legs orange, the mid tibiz with black spots near

base and extremity and white ring at extremity, the hind

tibiz with black spot near extremity and white ring at extre-

mity, the tarsi black ; abdomen orange with black dorsal

stripe and some silvery scales in the crests, a black seg-

mental line on fourth segment, the three terminal segments

black ringed with white, the ventral surface with the four

terminal segments black with patches of white. Fore wing

deep chocolate-red, the costal area blackish to beyond middle,

the terminal area redder ; a silvery streak on base of vein 1 ;

an oblique white striga from base of costa; a very oblique

subbasal yellowish-white line from costa to submedian fold,

with silvery spot before it below costa and line from cell to

vein 1 3. an oblique white line irrorated with black from

below costa before middle to below middle of cell, with

silvery mark below it above vein 1 ; some silver below ante-

medial part of costa and an oblique bar across middle of cell ;

an oblique white bar across end of cell; a silvery discoidal

bar with some silver above it below costa, a yellowish spot

below vein 2 and silver striga at inner margin; an oblique

postmedial series of white streaks irrorated with black in the

interspaces from costa to. vein 3, then white irroration to

inner margin with a silvery line before it, followed by an

oblique white line from costa to vein 2, and dentate between

the streaks towards its lower extremity, then by a silvery

hne from costa to vein 4; a subterminal series of slight

414 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

whitish streaks irrorated with blackish on each side of the

veins. Hind wing deep orange with broad black terminal

band, its inner edge incurved below vein 2; cilia chequered

black and white; the underside with black spot at upper

angle of cell, the terminal band with whitish diffused spots

before termen except towards apex and tornus.

Hab. S. Nicurta, Hlesha (Humphrey), 3 g type. Lzp.

50 mm.

&8 a. Rothia subterminalis, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax black; palpi with two white points;

frons with lateral white points ; antennz with the basal joint

white in front ; gule white; tegule with dorsal and lateral

white points, the shoulders with white points, the patagia,

meso- and metathorax with paired white points ; tibiz with

broad orange bands, the tarsi ringed with white; abdomen

black, with white segmental lines and sublateral and ventral

series of white spots, the anal tuft orange. Fore wing

black ; three white points at base; an antemedial series of

four small pale yellow spots; a medial patch from below

costa to below cell and a spot above vein 1; a patch from

below costa across end of cell and a triangular spot below

end of cell; a postmedial band from below costa to vein 3 ;

a subterminal series of greenish-white spots in the inter-

spaces, the spots towards apex elongate, the spot above tornus

pale yellow; a slight greenish-white streak above middle of

imner margin; the antemedial area with some silvery blue

in cell and submedian interspace, a bar across middle of cell

and patch below the cell, a discoidal bar from just below

costa to below angle of cell and spot above inner margin ;

cilia pale yellow at tips. Hind wing scarlet with some black

at base; a black terminal band slightly incurved at veins

3, 2; cilia yellowish white at tips. Underside of fore wing

with the markings bright yellow, the patch in end of cell

conjoined to the spot below the cell and spot above tornus,

the subterminal spots absent.

Hab. Germ. E. Arrica, Mt. Rungwe, 6500’ (Neave), 2 9

type. Hap. 42 mm.

145 a. Mimeusemia vilemani, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax black, the vertex of head, tegule,

and patagia with white stripes, the metathorax with small

white spot ; palpi with some white at base and white ring at

extremity of second joint; pectus orange, the tibiz banded

with orange, the tarsi ringed with white ; abdomen banded

Genera and Species of Noctuide. 415

black and orange. Fore wing black ; a rounded yellowish-

white antemedial spot in cell, medial elliptical spot from

discal fold to well below vein 2 and obliquely placed post-

medial spots beyond the angles of cell, the upper rounded,

the lower rather triangular; some silvery-blue irroration

below costa to end of cell, short streak above base of vein 1,

medial spots in and below cell and above vein 1, discoidal

striga, slight curved postmedial series of spots, and two spots

at tornus ; cilia white at apex and above tornus. Hind wing

orauge, the basal, costal, and terminal areas black, the black

apical area expanding quadrately into the cell to origin of

vein 2 and with bar-shaped yellowish-white spot on it between

veins 7 and 4; cilia with some white towards apex and above

vein 1.

Hab. Formosa, Kanshirei (Wileman), 1 3 type. Evxp.

46 mm,

Noctuidae.

AgGRorinz.

231 a. Agrotiphila tenera, sp. n.

g. Head, thorax, and abdomen clothed with grey and

brownish hair; antennz black. Fore wing greyirrorated with

reddish brown, the costal edge blackish towards base; ante-

medial line brown, waved ; a small black spot at middle of

eell and rather diffused discoidal lunule; postmedial line

brown, bent outwards below costa, then dentate, angled in-

wards at discal fold and incurved below vein 4; some

blackish on costa towards apex ; subterminal line brown,

minutely dentate, incurved at discal fold; a fine brown

terminal line with blackish striz on it. Hind wing grey

suffused with brown, the cilia whitish except at base; the

underside grey irrorated with brown, a slight discoidal spot

and rather diffused postmedial line.

Hab. Tiser, Lanark Valley, 15,000’ (Bailey), 1 & type.

Exp. 22 mm.

267 a. Micragrotis nigrisigna, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax black-brown, the tegule with black

medial line ; the spurs and tarsi with whitish rings ; abdo-

men brown mixed with greyish, the ventral surface blackish.

Fore wing fuscous brown ; double subbasal black strize from

costa; antemedial line with double black striz from costa,

then indistinct, waved ; claviform small, defined by black

above and at extremity ; orbicular and reniform defined by

416 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

black, the former round, the latter constricted at middle,

two slight black streaks between them; postmedial line

with double black striz from costa, then indistinct, bent

outwards below costa, then dentate and produced to slight

black points on the veins, some grey points beyond it on

costa; subterminal line represented by a grey striga from

costa with some blackish suffusion before it ; a terminal

series of black points. Hind wing greyish suffused with

fuscous brown, the cilia pale with a dark line through them

from apex to vein 2; the underside greyer with indistinct

dark sinuous postmedial line with minute black striz on the

veins.

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Up. Shire Valley (Neave), 1 2 type.

Exp. 30 mm.

638 a. Hermonassa oleographa, sp. n.

Head and thorax ochreous brown mixed with olive-green

and some blackish ; palpi with black patches at sides of first

and second joints ; frons with lateral black bars ; antenne

black ; fore cox and the tibiz with black patches, the

tarsi black ringed with ochreous ; abdomen ochreous suffused

with fuscous brown, the ventral surface black with lateral

and sublateral series of ochreous spots and a patch at

extremity. Fore wing brownish ochreous, the medial area

suffused with olive-green except towards costa and inner

margin ; subbasal line represented by double black spots on

costa; antemedial line grey, sinuous, double at inner margin

and with double black spots on costa; claviform and orbi-

cular defined by grey, the latter round ; reniform black with

grey annulus; a medial black spot on costa and indistinct

incurved line from lower angle of cell to inner margin ;

postmedial line with double black spots at costa, strongly

bent outwards and obsolescent below costa, then indistinct

and double with a series of black points beyond it, the costa

beyond it black with some white points; subterminal line

pale defined on inner side by black towards costa, then by

slight olive marks and on outer side by slight black points,

slightly excurved below vein 7 and at middle; a terminal

series of small black spots; cilia with a series of fuscous

lunules at base and blackish tips. Hind wing pale brown, a

fine pale line at base of cilia; the underside grey, the costal

area ochreous irrorated with black and with two black bars

towards apex, a slight discoidal lunule, traces of sinuous

postmedial line and some black points on termen towards

apex.

Hab. Sixurm (Moller), 1 g,1 2 type. Eevp. 36 mm.

Genera and Species of Noctuide. 417

761 a. Agrotis bisignata, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax rufous ; palpi except at tips and

sides of frons blackish ; tegul black at base; mid and hind

legs banded with black, the fore tarsi black at tips ; abdo-

men grey dorsally tinged with fuscous and with lateral and

subventral series of black spots. Fore wing rufous slightly

irrorated with brown, the costal area whitish to beyond

middle ; an irregular black streak below base of cell; sub-

basal black points on costa and in cell; antemedial line

double, with black points on costa and defined by black on

inner side from subcostal nervure to submedian fold, waved,

excurved above inner margin; claviform represented by a

black point at its extremity ; orbicular with whitish annulus

defined at sides by black, round, the reniform with whitish

annulus and black point on its outer edge, a quadrate black

patch between them with blackish mark above it on costa;

postmedial line double, dark with small black spots at costa,

bent outwards below costa, then dentate, excurved to vein 4,

then incurved; a black patch on costa before the very in-

distinct pale somewhat dentate subterminal line, excurved

below vein 7 and at middle; a fine pale terminal line with

series of slight black points on it. Hind wing pale brown,

the cilia whitish tinged with rufous ; the underside with the

costal area tinged with rufous and striated with fuscous, a

small blackish discoidal spot, postmedial line oblique and

black towards costa, then faint and excurved at middle, and

terminal series of black points from apex to vein 2.

Hab. S. Nicurta, Ilesha (Humphrey), 1 2 type. Exp.

40 mm.

776 a. Agrotis mesosema, sp. D.

?. Head and thorax red-brown mixed with fuscous and

whitish ; palpi except at tips and sides of frons blackish ;

tegule mostly black with curved rufous medial marks ;

metathorax with white patch; pectus whitish; tibiz and

tarsi blackish ringed with white; abdomen pale brown, the

base whitish, the ventral surface whitish irrorated with

brown. Fore wing grey-brown with darker irroration, the

basal half of costal area and antemedial area with rufous

marks ; a waved black subbasal line from costa to submedian

fold defined on outer side by rufous ; a diffused blackish

streak below base of cell; antemedial line indistinct, oblique,

waved, defined on inner side by rufous; claviform repre-

sented by a short black streak ; orbicular and reniform with

some rufous suffusion in centres, the former defined by

418 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

black, round, the latter defined by black except below, a

black streak between them ; postmedial line with double

blackish spots at costa, then indistinct, bent outwards below

costa, then dentate, excurved to vein 4, then oblique; a

fuscous patch on costa before the hardly traceable pale

curved subterminal line; a terminal series of black points;

cilia white tinged with rufous. Hind wing pure white, the

apical area faintly tinged with brown; a slight brownish

terminal line except towards tornus ; the underside with

the costal area striated with brown, a small brown discoidal

spot, slightly curved postmedial line with points on the

veins and some points on termen towards apex.

Hab, Transvaa, Johannesburg (Cooke), 1 9 type. Eup.

42 mm.

8326. Episilia ochricraspia, sp. 0.

Head and thorax deep rufous to blackish rufous ; palpi with

the extremities of second and third joints pale ochreous ;

shoulders with pale ochreous patches ; abdomen rufous, the

basal segments dorsally clothed with grey-brown hair. Fore

wing deep rufous to blackish rufous, the costal area pale

ochreous to beyond middle, expanding to median nervure on

basal area and confluent with the ochreous semi-elliptical

orbicular and large reniform stigmata, the latter with some

brown scales in ‘centre ; some grey hair at base of inner

margin ; faint traces of a sinuous greyish antemedial line

and curved postmedial line oblique ‘below. vein 4; a rather

more distinct waved subterminal line. Hind wing grey

tinged with reddish brown especially in female; a faint

discoidal lunule; cilia reddish ochreous with shght dark

line near tips from apex to vein 2 ; the underside greyish,

the costal area suffused with noe. a dark discoidal spot

and terminal series of dark strize from apex to vein 2

Hab. Farxuanp Is., East I. (Reid),9 g, 1 2 type. Exp.

40—4.4 mm.

958 a. Lycophotia atrisigna, sp. n.

6. Head and base of tegule yellowish white with a few

brown scales; palpi and antenne blackish, the former

yellowish white at tips ; tegule with black medial line, the

tips of tegula and thorax ‘purplish grey ; pectus and legs

brown, the tibie with some yellow “hair, the tarsi ringed

with w hiter ; abdomen white tinged with brown; the ventral

surface brown except at base. Fore wing purplish grey

with some yellowish at base, the base of submedian fold and

Genera and Species of Noctuide. 419

veins and interspaces of terminal area with slight blackish

streaks ; an indistinct double dentate antemedial line with

some yellowish scales on it; orbicular and reniform small,

grey with slight yellowish annuli incompletely defined by

black, the former round, a rather elongate black patch be-

tween them ; traces of a minutely dentate postmedial line,

excurved from costa to vein 4, then incurved, some yellowish

points beyond it on costa; cilia yellowish mixed with fuscous.

Hind wing pure white, the cilia fuscous at apex ; the under-

side with the costal area irrorated with brown except towards

base.

Hab. Nata, Durban (Leigh), 1 g type. Lup. 34 mm.

1009 a. Lycophotia viridis, sp. n.

9. Head white mixed with reddish brown ; palpi black

at sides, red-brown in front and white at tips; antenne

brown; thorax red-brown mixed with grey, the tegule

white at base and with black medial line, the patagia with

pale green and blackish patches, the metathorax with white

patch ; pectus rufous, the tibize and tarsi with black and

white bands ; abdomen brown. Fore wing whitish suffused

with sap-green and irrorated with dark brown, the basal half

of costal area and cell white ; subbasal line blackish defined

on outer side by white, waved, from costa to submedian

fold, with short black streaks beyond it on costa and below

the cell; antemedial line blackish defined on inner side by

white, waved ; claviform defined by blackish at extremity ;

orbicular white defined at sides by black, round, the reni-

form with its centre suffused with brown, defined on inner

side by a waved white line and on outer side and below by

black points, a quadrate black patch between them with

blackish mark above it on costa; an indistinct oblique dark

line from lower angle of cell to inner margin ; postmedial

line whitish with two black points at costa, bent outwards

below costa, then dentate and with black points on its outer

edge, excurved to vein 4, then oblique; subterminal line

faint, whitish, minutely waved, with blackish spots before it

at costa, discal fold and above and below vein 2; a terminal

series of black points; cilia whitish tinged with rufous.

Hind wing pale brown with a rufous tinge, the cilia white

faintly tinged with rufous; the underside white tinged with

rufous, the costal area irrorated with brown, a small dis-

coidal spot and slightly curved postmedial line.

Hab. S. Nigeria, Lesha (Humphrey), 1 3 type. Exp.

34 mm.

420 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

ETADENINE.

1208 m. Llusa binocula, sp. n.

3g. Head and thorax glossy red-brown, the palpi in front

and frons paler red; pectus greyish ; abdomen reddish

brown, the extremity and ventral surface whitish tinged with

rufous. Fore wing glossy red-brown ; traces of a double

oblique dark sinuous antemedial line; two small round

obliquely placed fuscous discoidal spots, slightly defined by

whitish and connected by a whitish bar; a faint dark medial

shade, oblique from lower angle of cell to inner margin;

postmedial line black, produced to short streaks on the

veins, excurved to vein 4, then incurved and bent outwards

above inner margin; an indistinct straight yellowish sub-

terminal line defined on inner side by a maculate black line ;

a fine blackish terminal line. Hind wisg glossy reddish

brown, the cilia rufous ; the underside greyish tinged with

brown, a brown discoidal lunule with shade above it from

costa, and curved minutely dentate postmedial line.

Hab. Durcu N. Guinea, Fak-fak (Pratt), 2 3 type.

Lap. 26-30 mm.

1346 a. Miselia albipuncta, sp. 0.

¢@. Head and thorax fuscous brown mixed with grey:

tarsi ringed with white; abdomen grey-brown, the anal tuft

tinged with rufous, the genital tufts white. Fore wing

glossy red-brown ; subbasal line blackish, waved, from costa

to submedian fold,a diffused grey-brown band beyond it

with a white point on it inthe cell; antemedial line blackish,

waved; orbicular and reniform grey-brown defined by black,

the former rounded, the latter somewhat constricted at

middle and placed on the curved grey-brown medial shade ;

postmedial line blackish, bent outwards below costa, then

dentate, oblique below vein 4; a grey-brown shade before

the subterminal series of minute deutate black spots with

white points on their outer edges, the white point above

vein 6 more prominent and in submedian fold forming a

conspicuous white spot; cilia dark brown and ochreous with

a punctiform ochreous line at base. Hind wing brown, the

interspaces of basal half whitish; cilia whitish with a brown

line through them from apex to vein 2; the underside

whitish, the costal and terminal areas suffused with brown

and irrorated with white, a dark discoidal lunule and sinuous

postmedial line.

Ab. 1. Head, thorax, and abdomen greyer; fore wing

Genera and Species of Noctuide. 421

more tinged with grey-brown, the whole terminal area grey-

brown.

Hab. Perv, Aqualani (Ockenden), 1 ¢g type, Limbane

(Ockenden),1 3. Exp. 36 mm.

1374a. Miselia meyricci, n. un.

Meterana pictula, Butl. P.Z.S. 1877, p. 386, pl. 42. f.1; Hudson,

New Zealand Moths & Butterflies, p. 19, pl. 4. f. 37 (nee White).

The species from the S. Island with the white spot on

reniform of fore wing, the hind wing pink with fuscous

terminal band,

Hab. N. Zeavanp, 8. Island, Otago (Enys, Hamilton), 13,

1 ¢, Lake Coleridge. Hap. 40-42 mm.

M. pictula, White, type in B.M. agreeing with the figure

=rhodopleura, Meyr., is the species from the N. Island

without the white spot on reniform of fore wing, the hind

wing suffused with fuscous except the inner margin.

1510 a. Chabuata chionosema, sp. n.

é. Head and thorax purple-red, the tip of prothoracic

crest and a streak on dorsum of thorax white mixed with

brown; palpi with some ochreous and brown mixed ;

antennze brown ringed with ochreous towards base ; pectus

with some grey; tarsi ringed with ochreous; abdomen

brown with some ochreous at base, the sides and ventral

surface purplish pink, the basal crest with grey mixed, the

anal tuft red, ochreous at tip. Fore wing red-brown, the

interspaces of basal half fiery red and ochreous, the

postmedial area fiery red, the inner margin beyond

middle and terminal area purplish; subbasal line repre-

sented by double brown striz from costa; antemedial line

double, brown, waved ; claviform red, faimtly defined by

brown at extremity ; orbicular and reniform fiery red mixed

with yellow and defined by brown, the former round, the

latter defined on outer side and below by pure white points

and striz; traces of an oblique sinuous line from lower

angle of cell to inner margin ; postmedial line brown with

yellow spot at costa, bent outwards below costa, then dentate,

excurved to vein 4, then oblique, some white points beyond

it on costa; subterminal line brown with some yellow scales

on its outer side towards costa, waved, excurved below vein 7

and at middle; cilia with a fine ochreous line at base.

Hind wing ochreous, the veims and terminal half suffused

with brown, the termen tinged with purple to submedian

422 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

fold; cilia ochreous, the underside ochreous, the costal and

terminal areas thickly irrorated with purple, a black mark

in cell, discoidal spot, sinuous postmedial line with minute

dark streaks on the veins, and some slight lunules on termen

from apex to vein 2.

Hab. Peru, S. Domingo (Ockenden), 1 g type. Eup.

44 mm.

1602 a. Eriopyga euchroa, sp. un.

¢. Head and thorax rufous, the metathoracic crest black-

brown ; palpi and sides of frons black with some rufous

scales ; antennz blackish; legs irrorated and suffused with

black, the tarsi blackish ringed with ochreous; abdomen

rufous, the basal crest and medial segments tinged with

fuscous, the ventral surface red-brown except at extremity.

Fore wing ochreous suffused with rufous : a black point at

base; subbasal line double, black filled in with ochreous,

waved, from costa to vein 1; antemedial line double, black

at costa, then red-brown with blackish points at the veins,

waved, incurved in cell and angled inwards on vein 1 ;

orbicular deep rufous defined above by blackish, angled out-

wards at lower extremity ; reniform rufous, its centre and

outline defined by dark brown, below open and defined by

small black spots and a white point at lower extremity,

angled inwards on median nervure, a dark brown patch

beyond it and another above it on costa, an oblique rufous

shade from lower angle of cell to inner margin ; postmedial

line represented by a double series of black points and striz

filled in with ochreous, slightly bent outwards below costa,

then with faint pale streaks aud dark points beyond it on

the veins, excurved to vein 4, then incurved, some white

points beyond it on costa ; subterminal line slight, ochreous

defined on inner side by a rufous bar from costa, then by

minute spots, excurved below vein 7 and ending at tornus ;

a terminal series of minute black lunules; cilia with a series

of rufous lunules. Hind wing greyish ochreous suffused

with brown except on inner area, the terminal area darker ;

a faint dark postmedial line ; cilia reddish ochreous with a

brownish line near base; the underside ochreous, the costal

area irrorated with brown, a slight black discoidal lunule

and rather diffused postmedial line from costa to discal

fold.

@. Abdomen suffused with fuscous except at base and

extremity; fore wing slightly tinged with greyish, the

Genera and Species of Noctuide. 423

orbieular produced to the reniform; hind wing more uni-

formly suffused with brown.

Hab, Cotomsia, Monte Socorro; Perv, Aqualani (Ocken-

den), 1 3,19 type. Eup., d 48, 9 54 mm.

1646 b. Eriopyga prasinospila, sp. n.

dé. Head and tegule whitish tinged with brown, the

palpi and antennee dark brow n; thorax red-brown ; pectus

and legs rufous and whitish, the tarsi blackish ringed with

whitish ; abdomen fuscous, the extremity ochreous, the

ventral surface rufous and whitish. Fore wing red-brown

slightly tinged with grey ; subbasal line slight, black defined

by some grey and yellow- -green, slightly ‘angled outwards

below costa and ending at submedian fold ; antemedial line

blackish, with a green ‘spot on it at submedian fold, oblique,

dentate ; orbicular a small round yellow-green spot ; reni-

form yellow-green with its centre defined by red-brown,

slightly angled inwards on median nervure ; postmedial line

black with some grey on it, bent outwards below costa, then

strongly dentate “and produced to poimts at the veins, ex-

curved to vein 4, then oblique ; a subterminal series of small

yellow-green spots and larger patch at apex. Hind wing

fuscous brown, the basal area and inner area except towards

tornus whitish; traces of a discoidal spot and curved post-

medial line ; cilia whitish tinged with rufous ; the underside

whitish, the costal area thickly irrorated with red, a small

black discoidal spot and punctiform postmedial line.

Hab. W. Cotomsra, R. Cauca, Guabinas,1 ¢ type. Exp.

40 mm.

1671 a. Morrisonia chlorodonta, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax bright rufous mixed with purple-

grey especially on patagia, the tegulze with black line near

tips; abdomen rufous. Fore wing bright rufous mixed

with purple-grey and some olive-green ; su 1bbasal line double,

black filled in with purple, dentate, bent inwards to base at

vein 1, an oblique white striga beyond it across the cell and

an olive-green patch above vein 1 ; antemedial line black

defined on inner side by purple, slightly angled outwards

below costa and excurved below the “cell ; Claviform large,

defined by black and white above and at extremity ; ; orbicular

and reniform large, with brown and green centres and white

annuli defined by black, the former rather oblique elliptical,

the latter with curved whitish striga in centre ; postmedial

line black defined on outer side by purple, double at costa,

424 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

bent outwards below costa, then minutely dentate, incurved

below vein 3, some whitish points beyond it on costa; sub-

terminal line white with olive-green suffusion before it

except towards costa and inner margin and defined on outer

side by black, incurved below costa, angled outwards at

vein 7 and dentate to termen at veins 4 and 3; a fine waved

black terminal line. Hind wing red-brown with a fine pale

line at base of cilia; the underside whitish thickly irrorated

with red-brown, a dark discoidal spot and obliquely curved

postmedial line.

Ab. 1. Head and thorax olive-green mixed with purple-

grey; abdomen brown mixed with whitish; fore wing

purple-grey mixed with olive-green and without rufous ;

hind wing paler.

Hab, N. Zuauanp, N. Island, Ngarua Wahia (Longstaf),

1 ? type, Taumaranui. Exp. 32-34 mm.

1674.4. Morrisonia oliveri, sp. 0.

9. Head and thorax grey-white, the vertex of head,

tegulz, and dorsum of thorax tinged with brown, the outer

edge of patagia brown; palpi brown; frons with lateral

black bars; fore tibize and tarsi suffused with brown ;

abdomen whitish tinged with grey-brown. Fore wing

whitish faintly tinged with rufous, the area from subcostal

nervure to above inner margin suffused with olive and

blackish to postmedial line, the veins and submedian fold

remaining whitish ; a strong black streak below base of cell ;

antemedial line black defined on inner side by white, oblique,

waved, from subcostal nervure to above inner margin ;

orbicular defined by black and with some whitish in centre,

oblique ; reniform defined by black, narrow, angled inwards

on median nervure to below orbicular; postmedial line

black defined on outer side by white, slightly bent outwards

below cesta, then oblique, dentate, angled inwards in sub-

median fold to near antemedial line ; subterminal line repre-

sented by the outer edge of the white area, defined on inner

side by dentate black marks below costa and from vein 6 to

submedian fold, angled outwards to termen at apex and

veins 7, 4, 8, the area beyond it olive and blackish; a pale

line at base of cilia. Hind wing grey suffused with fuscous

brown ; the underside white tinged with grey, a dark dis-

coidal spot and diffused curved postmedial line.

Hab. N. Zeatanp, 8S. Island, Wakatipu, Bold Peak

(Oliver), 1 2? type. Exp. 46 mm.

Genera and Species of Noctuide. 425

18844. Cirphis atritorna, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax red-brown mixed with greyish

ochreous ; palpi with the second joint blackish at sides ;

frous with black bar; tegulre with black medial line and

fuscons lines near base and tips ; abdomen grey suffused

with fuscous, the sides and ventral surface towards extremity

ochreous suffused with red-brown. Fore wing red-brown

sparsely irrorated with blackish, the costa with black strize ;

a white point at base of cell, black subbasal point in cell

and brown patch below base of cell; antemedial black points

on costa and veims and patch on ‘inner margin ; orbicular

an oblique reddish-white bar connected with the very narrow

reniform defined by reddish white and a white streak on

extremity of median nervure; postmedial line represented bya

small black spot on costa, then by a curved series of points on

the veins; three small black spots on costa towards apex ; a

red-brown patch on termen at discal fold and oblique blackish

patch on tornal area; cilia with series of black points near

base, blackish towards tornus. Hind wing fuscous brown

wiih a cupreous tinge; cilia white tinged with rufous and

with red-brown line through them from apex to vein 2; the

underside grey, the costal area and terminal area to vein 2

suffused with rufous and striated with black, a black dis-

coidal spot, diffused postmedial line and series of black

points and strize on termen.

Hab. 8. Nigeria, esha (Humphrey), 1 2 type. Eap.

34 mm.

2047 a. Leucania yuconensis, sp. n.

Head and thorax wood-brown ; abdomen grey suffused

with fuscous brown except the anal tuft which is white

tinged with brown. Fore wing wood-brown slightly irrorated

with fuscous, the veins slightly streaked with whitish, the

interspaces of terminal area with faint dark ELIS a black

discoidal point and postmedial points on veins 5 and 2; a

terminal series of minute points. Hind wing fuscous black

with some whitish at base; cilia white tinged with brown at

base; the underside irrorated with white, the costal area

whitish at base, the veins streaked with white, a terminal

series of black points from apex to vein 2.

Hab, Canava, Yukon, Dawson City (G. A. Day), 1 3,

1? type. Exp. 32 mm.

Ann. & Mag, N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 29

426 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

CuctvLttAvz.

2494a. Eumichtis subterminalis, sp. n.

g. Head and thorax brown; the patagia with oblique

whitish streak edged with some black scales ; the meta-

thoracic crest rufous; abdomen brown mixed with grey.

Fore wing red-brown mixed with dark brown and sap-green,

the terminal area whitish ; subbasal line double, black filled

in with green, minutely waved, from costa to vein 1 ; ante-

medial line double, black filled in with green and defined on

outer side by green, waved ; claviform defined by white and

black at extremity ; orbicular and reniform with incomplete

whitish annuli defined at sides by black, the former round,

the latter slightly angled inwards on median nervure ; post-

medial line double, black filled in with green and defined on

inner side by green, bent outwards below costa, then oblique

to vein 6, slightly incurved at discal fold, oblique and simuous

below vein 4, some whitish points beyond it on costa; sub-

terminal line whitish, slightly waved towards costa and with

small tooth on inner side at vein 5, oblique below vein 3 and

slightly incurved at submedian fold; a terminal series of

black lunules. Hind wing whitish suffused with brown, an

indistinct sinuous postmedial line and waved terminal line ;

cilia whitish with a brown line through them ; the under-

side whiter, the costal and terminal areas irrorated with

black-brown, a discoidal lunule and waved postmedial line.

9. Fore wing with the subterminal line forming a promi-

nent white band, its inner edge incurved below costa, at

discal fold, and below vein 3, the area beyond it dark.

Hab, Cotomsia, Pasta, 1 g,1 2 type. Exp. 38 mm.

ACRONYCTIN2.

2799 a. Stenopterygia hemiphea, sp. u.

Head and thorax white mixed with red-brown; palpi

brown at sides, the extremities of second and third joints

white ; frons with lateral blackish bars ; tarsi blackish with

pale rings ; ; abdomen whitish tinged with brown, Fore wing

ochreous white, the basal half suffused with black, the

terminal half with cupreous brown, a rather whiter zone

between the two areas ;- traces of a waved black subbasal line

from costa to submedian fold ; traces of a waved antemedial

line ; reniform faintly defined by white; postmedial line

indistinct, black, strongly bent outwards below costa, then

strongly dentate, oblique below vein 4, some whitish points

Genera and Species of Noctuide. 427

beyond it on costa; traces of a whitish subterminal line

detined by slight blackish streaks before and beyond it on

the veins, incurved below costa, then dentate; a fine

whitish line at base of cilia. Hind wing cupreous brown,

the-cilia with a fine whitish line at base and whitish tips ;

the underside with the basal half whitish tinged with brown,

a dark discoidal point.

Hab. Penanea (Ridley), 1 2; Singapore (Ridley), 1 3

type. Exp. 34 mm.

2963 a. Trachea atriplaga, sp. nu.

g. Head and thorax grey mixed with brown; abdomen

white tinged with brown, the basal crests blackish, the ventral

surface irrorated with brown. Fore wing grey thickly

irrorated with dark brown, the postmedial area suffused with

reddish brown except at costa ; a whitish subbasal line from

costa to submedian fold; an indistinct whitish antemedial

line, minutely waved, strongly excurved above inner margin ;

claviform a large black-brown patch extending to median

nervure ; orbicular and reniform large with indistinct

whitish annuli, elliptical ; postmedial line indistinct, whitish

slightly defined on inner side by brown, bent outwards below

costa, then sinuous, incurved below vein 4, some white points

beyond it on costa; a whitish subterminal line, slightly

angled outwards at vein 7, then curved; a terminal series of

slight black lunules. Hind wing pure white with a terminal

series of dark strie; the underside with the costal area

irrorated with brown.

Wis Usanpna, Kasuye (Sclater), 1 g type. up.

2mm,

2974a. Trachea hyposcota, sp. n.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen bright red-brown ; palpi

blackish at sides except at tips; tarsi blackish with pale

rings. Fore wing bright red-brown slightly irrorated with

ochreous; subbasal line represented by double blackish strize

from costa and cell, a whitish point beyond them in the cell ;

antemedial line double, blackish, angled outwards below

costa in submedian fold and above inner margin, and inwards

in cell-and on vein 1, some black before it above inner

margin ; claviform deep red-brown defined by blackish, short

and broad, extending to median nervure; orbicular and

reniform with their annuli represented by white points in-

completely defined by black, the former round, the latter

with ochreous spot in outer part of centre; a small medial

PS hs

428 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

blackish spot on costa and traces of a sinuous line from

lower angle of cell to inner margin ; postmedial line double,

filled in with ochreous at costa, ied minutely waved, oblique

to vein 3 near subterminal line, then incurved, some whitish

points beyond it on costa ; subterminal line represented by a

series of small whitish lunules with short black streaks before

and beyond them, slightly excurved below vein 7 and at

middle; the veins of terminal area with slight blackish

streaks. ending in white points; a terminal series of black

points in the. interspaces. Hind wing bright glossy red-

brown, the cilia reddish ochreous with a dark line through

them. Underside of fore wing black-brown except costal

and terminal areas ; hind wing “with the costal area except

at base and terminal area to vein 5 clothed with black-brown

hairy scales, the rest of wing whitish, a black discoidal spot

and minutely waved postmedial line from costa to vein 3 and

some black lunules on termen.

?. Fore wing darker red-brown more variegated with

ochreous, the spot in reniform whitish ; hind wing darker,

the underside with the costal area suffused with red-brown, a

dark subterminal shade from costa to submedian fold.

Hab. Cryton, Peradenyia (Mackwood),1 3 type, Kandy

(Mackwood),1 2. Hzxp. 38-40 mn.

29746. Trachea niveipuncta, sp. n.

Trachea consummata ab. 4, IImpsn. Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M. vii. p. 201.

&. ead and thorax bright red-brown with a few blackish

scales, the tegulee with blackish medial line ; palpi blackish

at sides except at tips ; tarsi blackish ringed with rufous;

abdomen greyish brown, the crests, anal “tuft, and ventral

surface rufous. Fore wing bright red-brown irrorated with

blackish, the terminal area slightly darker except at apex ;

subbasal line represented by double black striz from costa

and cell; antemedial line double, blackish, slightly angled

outwards below costa, in submedian fold and above inner

margin, and inwards in cell and on vein Ll, some black before

it above inner margin; claviform black-brown defiued by

black, short and broad, extending to median nervure ; orbi-

cular and reniform with their annuli represented by some

white points incompletely defined by black, the former

oblique, the latter with ochreous lunule in outer part of

centre ; a blackish spot at middle of costa and traces of a

sinuous line from lower angle of cell to inner margin ; post-

medial line double, bent: outwards below costa, then minutely

G nera and Spe.ies of Noctuidx. 429

waved, oblique to vein 3 near subterminal line, then slightly

incurved, some ochreous points beyond it on costa; sub-

terminal line represented by a series of minute pale lunules

with short black streaks before and beyond them; the veins

of terminal area with slight black streaks ending in white

points ; a terminal series of black points in the interspaces.

Hind wing glossy red-brown, the cilia rufous. Underside of

fore wing black-brown except costal and terminal areas ;

hind wing whitish, the costal area tinged with rufous, a

black diseoidal spot, curved, minutely waved postmedial line

and subterminal shade from costa to vein 3.

?. Fore wing with the spot in the reniform pure white.

Hab, Cryton, Galboda (Mackwood), 1 $, 2 92 type.

Exp. 40-42 mm.

1. hyposcota and this species may be known from 7. con-

summala by the black-brown underside of fore wing, the

former having in the male the costal area of hind wing also

black-brown, this species having the spot in reniform of

female pure white.

3065 a. Cropia leucodonta, sp. n.

Antenne of male simple and somewhat laminate.

Head and thorax reddish brown with a few black scales;

palpi dark brown, the second joint white in front; pectus

whitish ; tarsi dark brown ringed with whitish; abdomen

brown, the crests very large and reddish brown, the ventral

surface whitish at base. Fore wing dark reddish brown

mixed with greyish ; subbasal line pale slightly defined on

each side by black, waved, from costa to vein 1 ; antemedial

line pale slightly defined by black, oblique, minutely waved,

angled outwards below costa and inwards at vein 1 ; clavi-

form defined by black at extremity ; orbicular grey-brown

defined by black except above, large, rounded ; reniform

defined by black on inner side and by white on outer, slightly

angled inwards on median nervure ; postmedial line double

and filled in with white at costa, then very oblique and

defined on each side by white to vein 6 near subterminal

line, then double filled in with greyish and defined on outer

side by greyish and oblique to inner margin, some white

points beyond it on costa and an oblique wedge-shaped white

streak below costa; subterminal line whitish, slightly ex-

curved at vein 7, excurved and waved at middle; a series of

black and white points before termen ; a fine white line at

base of cilia. Hind wing cupreous red-brown ; cilia white

430 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

at base ; the underside whitish thickly irrorated with brown,

an oblique dark medial line, discoidal spot, and crenulate

postmedial line.

Hab. W. Cotomsia, San Antonio (Palmer), 1 3,1 9

type. Ezp., ¢ 30, 2 34 mm.

3078 a. Helerochroma thermeola, sp. u.

6. Head and thorax red-brown mixed with black and a

few whitish scales; tegule with blackish medial shade ;

abdomen rufous mixed with greyish ochreous, the crests

darker at tips. Fore wing bright rufous irrorated with

black ; subbasal line represented by pale greenish strize from

costa and cell defined on each side by black; a patch of

black suffusion from cell to inner margin before the ante-

medial line which is double, black filled in with greenish,

oblique to above inner margin to which it is strongly bent

inwards; claviform defined by greenish and black at extre-

mity ; orbicular with black centre and greenish annulus,

somewhat constricted at middle; the end of cell filled in by

a black patch; the reniform with rufous centre defined by

black and greenish annulus angled inwards on median ner-

vure and extending to well below the cell; postmedial line

double, black filled in with pinkish, strongly bent outwards

below costa, oblique to vein 6 where it is angled, incurved

below vein 4, and dentate at veins 4, 3, 1, bent outwards to

inner margin; the postmedial area with white points on

costa, large blackish patches below costa, at and below

middle, and rufous dentate marks on veins 6, 4,3; sub-

terminal line whitish, slightly bent outwards to costa and

excurved at vein 1; a terminal series of blackish lunules ;

cilia with waved ochreous line at base and ochreous streaks

intersecting the dark tips at the veins. Hind wing cupreous

red-brown, yellowish at base; cilia yellowish at base; the

underside paler irrorated with brown, a blackish discoidal

spot and crenulate postmedial line.

Hab. W. Cotomsra, R. Dagua, Naranjito, 1 g type.

Eup. 46 mm.

3149 a. Perigea micragalla, sp. n.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown mixed with

greyish. Fore wing grey suffused with rufous and slightly

irrorated with blackish; subbasal line represented by an

oblique grey striga from costa and black point below the cell;

antemedial line indistinct, double, black filled in with greyish,

Genera and Species of Noctuidae. 43

oblique, sinuous, incurved at vein 1; orbicular with yellowish

centre and white annulus defined by black, open above,

small, oblique elliptical; reniform with yellowish centre

defined by black and slight white annulus, narrow; some

deep rufous in cell before ‘and between the stigmata ; medial

line faint and rather diffused, oblique to the reniform and

sinuous from lower angle of cell to inner margin; post-

medial line black slightly defined on outer side by whitish,

bent outwards below costa, then minutely waved and pro-

duced to blackish streaks with white points on them on the

veins, incurved below vein 4, some rufous points beyond it

on costa: subterminal line indistinct whitish with some

slight blackish points on its inner side, excurved below vein 7

and at middle; a terminal series of slight black lunules.

Hind wing ochreous white tinged with brown especially on

terminal area; a fine dark terminal line; cilia ochreous

white; the underside with the costal area irrorated with

red-brown, a black discoidal spot, sinuous postmedial line,

and terminal series of slight lunules.

Hab. N.E. Perv, Huancabamba, 2 ¢ type. Erp. 30mm.

3169 a. Perigea pyrocausta, sp. n.

6. Head and tegule fiery red with some yellow on vertex

of head and at base of tegule; palpi red-brown; thorax -

red-brown mixed with fiery red; pectus, legs, and abdomen

red-brown. Fore wing fiery red mixed with yellow, the

terminal area suffused with grey-brown, some grey-brown at

base of inner margin ; subbasal line represented by a faint

yellowish bar from costa with point beyond it in cell; ante-

medial line indistinctly double filled in with yellowish,

oblique and slightly sinuous to above inner margin where it

is angled; claviform slightly defined by yellow and brown at

extremity ; orbicular represented by an oblique downcurved

yellow lunule defined below by blackish and a yellow and

black point above its extremity ; reniform with yellow and

fiery red centre and yellow annulus defined by brown, con-

stricted at middle; medial line brown, oblique and slightly

sinuous to median nervure, then inwardly oblique ; post-

medial line blackish defined on outer side by grey, bent

outwards below costa, oblique to vein 5, then incur ved ; sub-

terminal line indistinct, red with some yellow on its outer

edge towards costa, angled outwards at vein 7 and excurved

at middle ; ; a fine black terminal line and pale line at base of

cilia. Hind wing whitish suffused with brown ; an indistinct

dark discoidal bar and traces of a postmedial line; the

432 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

underside whitish tinged and irrorated with brown, a large

brown discoidal spot and indistinct diffused postmedial line.

Hab. W. Cotomsra, RK. Cauca, Guabinas,1 g type. Eup.

23 mm.

8266 a. Hypoplexia melanica, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax fuscous black mixed with some grey ;

pectus grey; tibiz irrorated with ochreous, the tarsi

ringed with ochreous; abdomen fuscous tinged with grey,

the ventral surface grey. Fore wing black with a greyish

gloss ; basal line black, waved, from costa to submedian fold,

some ochreous scales beyond it below the cell ; antemedial

line black, with ochreous point at costa, waved ; claviform

detined by black, acute at extremity; orbicular defined by

black and with some ochreous scales representing the annulus,

rather oblique elliptical; reniform defined by black, with

rather punctiform reddish-cchreous annulus and striga in

centre, somewhat constricted at middle; medial line curved

and slightly sinuous; postmedial line double with some

reddish scales on it and reddish striga at costa, bent out-

wards below costa, then waved, incurved below vein 4, some

reddish points beyond it on costa; subterminal line black,

crenulate, with dentate black marks before it and streaks

beyond it in the interspaces ; a terminal series of minute

whitish points. Hind wing white, the terminal area fuscous

narrowing toa point at tornus ; cilia whitish towards tornus ;

the underside with the costal area slightly irrorated with

fuscous, a black discoidal point.

Hab. TransvaaL, White R. (Cooke), 1 g type. ap.

40 mm.

3437 a. Eriopus thermochroa, sp. n.

é&. Head and thorax rufous mixed with ochreous, the

tegulz with some black scales, tarsi black with pale rings ;

abdomen red-brown with pale rings, the ventral surface

rufous. Fore wing rufous mixed with some ochreous and

irrorated with black ; subbasal line black, oblique, sinuous,

ending at the antemedial line at vein 1; antemedial line

double, black filled in with ochreous, minutely waved ; eclavi-

form small, defined by black; orbicular with ochreous

annulus defined by black, round; reniform incompletely

defined by black ; a medial black striga from costa and an

oblique minutely waved line from lower angle of cell to inner

margin; postmedial line double, black filled in with ochreous

with a small black spot at costa, bent outwards below costa,

Genera and Species of Noctuide. 433

then with small black lunules on its inner edge, incurved at

diseal fold, incurved and waved below vein 4, some whitish

points beyond it on costa ; subterminal line double, blackish,

waved, incurved at discal fold and below vein 4; a diffused

dark mark at middle of terminal area and a series of black

striz just before termen defined on inner side by white.

Hind wing cupreous red-brown, the cilia with a whitish line

at base and whitish tips; the underside whitish irrorated

with brown, a small brown discoidal lunule and crenulate

postmedial line incurved below vein 3.

Hab. 8. Nigeria, Llesha (Humphrey), 1 3 type. Hap.

26 mm.

3137 6. Eriopus nana, sp. un.

@. Head and thorax red-brown mixed with some ochreous ;

pectus and legs with more ochreous, the tibiz and tarsi with

dark brown and ochreous bands; abdomen fuscous brown

with pale rings, the crests ochreous and rufous, the ventral

surface whitish. Fore wing dark red-brown mixed with

some greyish ochreous; subbasal line double filled in with

whitish, waved, from costa to vein 1; antemedial line double

filled in with whitish, sinuous, a white spot before it above

vein 1; orbicular an oblique pale bar with black point in

centre ; reniform pale with black strigain centre, constricted

at middle; postmedial line double filled in with whitish,

bent outwards below costa, incurved at discal fold and below

vein 4, slightly excurved at vein 1, some white poimts beyond

it on costa ; traces of a waved whitish subterminal line with

a series of rather lunulate dark patches before it, an oblique

white dash beyond it above vein 4; a terminal series of small

black spots defined on inner side slightly by white. Hind

wing dark cupreous brown ; cilia with a fine whitish line at

base and whitish tips; the underside grey-white irrorated

and suffused with brown, a brown discoidal lunule, curved

postmedial line slightly defined on outer side by whitish,

and terminal series of slight dark lunules.

Hab. 8. Nicerta, Llesha (Humphrey), 1 g type. Exp.

22 mm.

3438 a. Eriopus cyanopera, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax purplish red-brown mixed with

some ochreous; palpi in front and lower part of frons

whitish ; tarsi ringed with white; abdomen red-brown, the

dorsal crests dark brown and white at tips, the ventral surface

purplish red-brown irrorated with ochreous. © Fore wing

AB4 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

pinkish red mixed with ochreous, thickly irrorated and in

parts suffused with dark brown, the apical area irrorated with

blue-white ; subbasal line reddish ochreous with black strize

before it from costa and cell, dentate, from costa to sub-

median fold; antemedial line reddish ochreous defined on

outer side by slight black marks, angled outwards below

costa, then sinuous, bent inwards to inner margin; orbicular

represented by an oblique ochreous and blackish streak to

inner edge of reniform which is faintly defined by reddish

ochreous and black and with black bar in upper part of

centre, narrow above, expanding below and with white point

at lower extremity; a diffused oblique sinuous blackish line

from beyond lower angle of cell to inner margin ; post-

medial line black defined on outer side by ochreous, minutely

waved, oblique to vein 4, then inwardly oblique and

angled inwards above vein 1 ; a dark patch on postmedial

costal area with some white points on costa; subterminal

line white and dentate towards costa and with oblique white

streak before it above vein 6, then ochreous defined on inner

side by black, angled inwards at discal fold to near post-

medial line, then represented by slight dentate marks; a

terminal series of small black lunules defined on inner side

by bluish white. Hind wing red-brown, the cilia chequered

with whitish ; the underside bluish white irrorated with dark

brown, a small discoidal lunule with white centre, post-

medial line bent outwards below costa, then minutely crenu-

late, and terminal series of small black lunules.

ea S. Nigeria, [lesha (Humphrey), 1 9 type. Eap.

mm.

3508 a. Bryophila fulvifusa, sp. n.

6. Head and tegule creamy white mixed with fuscous ;

thorax rufous and fuscous mixed ; pectus and legs creamy

white, the tarsi blackish ringed with white; abdomen

fuscous ringed with whitish, the ventral surface and anal

tuft ochreous white. Fore wing grey thickly irrorated and

suffused with fuscous, the basal inner area mostly fulvous

orange; subbasal line represented by a blackish striga from

costa; antemedial line indistinct, blackish, slightly sinuous,

oblique from costa to just below ‘the cell, ‘then erect ; orbi-

cular and reniform fulvous-orange, ill-defined, a blackish

mark between them ; postmedial Jine indistinct, blackish,

strongly bent outwards below costa, then minutely waved,

strongly angled inwards in submedian fold, then bent out-

wards, a patch of fulvous-orange suffusion beyond it in

Genera and Species of Noctuide. 435

submedian interspace and some pale points on costa; sub-

terminal line indistinct, blackish, slightly angled outwards

at vein 7 and excurvcd at middle; the terminal area with

some fulyous-orange suffusion. Hind wing white tinged

with reddish brown, the cilia white at tips; the underside

white with small blackish discoidal spot, indistinct curved

postmedial line from costa to vein 2, and slight diffused

subterminal shade.

Hab. Transvaat, Johannesburg (Cooke), 1 5 type. ap.

24 mm.

3579 a. Neophenis catocala, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax green; pectus and legs whitish and

yellow, the fore tibiz with black streak, the tarsi ringed

black and white; abdomen yellow tinged with brown, the

crests tipped with black. [ore wing yellow-green slightly

tinged in parts with pale brown; subbasal line double,

blackish, excurved below costa and ending in a short streak

above vein 1 ; antemedial line double, black, waved, incurved

in cell; claviform slightly defined by black at extremity ;

orbicular defined by “black at sides only ; reniform incom-

pletely defined by black, large and extending to well below

the cell; an indistinct sinuous medial line; postmedial line

double, black, bent outwards below costa, then oblique to

discal fold where there is a black streak from it to termen,

below vein 4 incurved and somewhat dentate, some black

points beyond it on costa; subterminal line whitish defined

on inner side by black-brown spots, slightly waved, angled

inwards at vein 5, a blackish spot beyond it below vein 4; a

waved black terminal line; cilia blackish at tips. Hind

wing pale yellow, the basal half suffused with brown; a

black medial line angled outwards at discal fold, defined on

outer side by a yellow band; a black subterminal band

expanding into a large apical patch and emitting streaks to

termen below veins 4 and 2; cilia yellow ele patches of

black towards apex and at middle; the underside with

blackish discoidal bar with pale striga on it, the medial line

slighter and somewhat crenulate.

Hab. Braziz, Rio Janeiro, 1 g type. Hap. 44 mm.

8616 a. Thalatha occidens, sp. n.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen white mixed with reddish

ochreous ; tegulze with faint brown line at middle and promi-

nent line near tips; patagia with some black scales near

upper edge ; palpi blackish at sides; antenne brown. Fore

436 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

wing white mixed with reddish ochreous; slight pale rufous

subbasal and antemedial marks on costa; a sinuous black

streak below the cell defined above by white, to the whitish

antemedial line which is slightly sinuous and defined on each

side by black scales from cell to inner margin; orbi-

cular and reniform white slightly defined by reddish ochreous,

the former with reddish-ochreous point in centre, round, a

quadrate brown spot between them; postmedial line white

defined by black scales, formed by dentate marks and ex-

curved to vein 3, then bent inwards to below end of cell,

angled outwards at vein 1 and inwards above inuer margin,

an oblique white striga beyond it from vein 3 to tornus; a

very ill-defined w aved white subterminal line from costa to

vein 8; a terminal series of black points defined by white

lunules; cilia chequered white and rufous. Hind wing

whitish suffused with ochreous brown; the underside white

tinged with ochreous, the costal area irrorated with a few

black scales, a black discoidai spot and crenulate postmedial

line excurved from below costa to vein 4.

Hab. S. Nigeria, Ilesha (Humphrey), 1 g type. Exp.

36 mm.

3641 a. Acronycta transvalica, sp. n.

o. Head and thorax white mixed with black-brown ;

patagia edged with black ; pectus white; legs tinged with

rufous, the tarsi banded with blackish; abdomen white

dorsally tinged with brown, the basal crest tipped with

black. Fore wing grey-white irrorated andin parts suffused

with reddish brown; astrong black streak below the cell

from base to antemedial line, giving off a slight spur below

at middle; subbasal line represented by double blackish striz

from costa ; anteniedial line double, excurved below costa,

oblique and waved below submedian fold; orbicular defined

by black, round ; reniform tinged with rufous and slightly

defined by black at sides ; medial line black, oblique to

median nervure, then slightly angled inwards aud outwards

at vein 1, some dark suffusion beyond it; postmedial line

double, strongly bent outwards below costa, then minutely

dentate, excurved to vein 4, then strongly incurved to near

medial line, an oblique black streak from just before it in

submedian fold to near termen, some dark suffusion beyond

it on costal area and white points on costa ; a blackish mark

just before termen in discal fold and oblique striga in sub-

median fold ; a terminal series of small blackish spots ; cilia

chequered white and blackish. Hind wing pure white ; the

Genera and Spectes of Noctuide. 437

underside with blackish striga from middle of costa and

obliquely placed blackish postmedial spots on and below

costa.

Hab. Transvaat, Barberton, Noord Kaap (Jeffery), 1 3

type. Ezp. 28 mm.

4020 a. Athetis strigata, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax ochreous white with some brown

scales especially on tegule ; palpi blackish at sides ; antenne

black ; prothorax with small black spot ; tarsi brownish witi

pale rings ; abdomen whitish irrorated with brown except

at base and on ventral surface. Fore wing ochreous white

irrorated with brown, forming diffused streaks in the inter-

spaces except on costal area, the terminal area suffused with

brown ; a subbasal blackish point on costa; traces of an

oblique sinuous antemedial line; a medial brownish spot on

costa and traces of an oblique line from lower angle of cell

to inner margin; postmedial line with brownish spot at

costa, bent outwards below costa, then excurved and

minutely waved, defining the inner edge of the dark terminal

area ; a terminal series of black points. Hind wing pure

white ; a slight brownish terminal line from apex to vein 2 ;

the underside with the costal area slightly irrorated with

brown.

Hab. Br. E. Arnica (Coryndon), 1 3? type. Eaxp.30 mm.

4020 b. Athetis poliophea, sp. n.

?. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-brown, the pectus

and ventral surface of abdomen whiter. Fore wing grey-

brown, the terminal area cupreous brown except towards

apex, the costal area slightly irrorated with white ; traces of

a sinuous dark antemedial line; a curved blackish medial

line ; postmedial line indistinct, minutely dentate, excurved

to vein 4, then incurved, some whitish points beyond it on

costa ; two slight subterminal white spots below costa; a

terminal series of black points with white points before

them. Hind wing fuscous brown ; the cilia whitish with a

dark line at base; the underside brown thickly irrorated

with white.

Hab. W. Cotomsia, R. Dagua, Naranjito, 1 ¢ type.

Exp 34mm.

4061 a. Ariathisa nyctimesa, sp. n.

g. Head and thorax bluish grey irrorated with fuscous ;

palpi black, white at tips; lower part of frons white, the

438 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

upper part black; antenn black; basal half of tegule

brown with black lines near base and at middle; outer half

of patagia black ; metathorax with paired black patches ;

pectus and legs black-brown and whitish, the tarsi black

ringed with white ; abdomen white irrorated with brown.

Fore wing blue-grey tinged in parts with brown, the costal

half suffused with black-brown to subterminal line, the post-

medial area darker, the terminal area clear blue-grey; a

slight black streak in base of submedian fold; subbasal line

double, black filled in with whitish, waved, from costa to

submedian fold; antemedial line double, blackish filled in

with whitish, waved, acutely angled outwards in submedian

fold to the postmedial line; orbicular and reniform grey

defined by black, the former small, round, the latter pro-

duced at lower extremity, with black striga in centre and its

lower part filled in with black, a patch of blackish suffusion

between them ; postmedial line indistinctly double filled in

with whitish, bent outwards below costa, then dentate and

produced to black and white points on the veins, some white

points beyond it on costa ; subterminal line represented by

the contrast between the postmedial and terminal areas and

defined on inner side by black streaks at middle, slightly

angled outwards at veins 7,6; a terminal series of black

strie. Hind wing white, the apical area slightly tinged

with brown; the underside with the costal and terminal

areas sparsely irrorated with fuscous, the apical area suffused

with fuscous, a small black discoidal lunule and traces of a

postmedial series of points on the veins.

Hab. W. Avustrati1a, Waroona (Berthoud), 1 g type.

Exp. 36 mm.

4100 a. Ethiopica exolivia, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax purplish red mixed with some white ;

pectus with more white ; tarsi pale brownish ringed with

white; abdomen white tinged with ochreous, some purplish

red at base of dorsum, the ventral surface purplish red.

Fore wing purplish red slightly irrorated with whitish, the

terminal area yellowish olive; slight sinuous whitish sub-

basal and antemedial lines from costa to submedian fold ;

orbicular and reniform defined by whitish, the former

round, the latter rather constricted at middle and with

whitish patch at middle of outer side; postmedial line slight,

whitish, strongly bent outwards and obsolescent below costa,

then slightly waved and excurved at middle, some white

points beyond it on costa; a slight waved whitish sub-

terminal line, incurved at discal fold and below vein 3; a

Genera and Species of Noctuide. 439

terminal series of minute white points. Hind wing pure

white; the underside with the costal area tinged with

purplish red.

Hab. N. Nigeria, Bauchi Prov., Kabwir (Fox), 3 ¢ type.

Exp. 30 mm.

4106 a. Paromphale chionephra, sp. un.

6. Head and thorax fuscous tinged with grey, the back

of head and tegulee rufous; palpi rufous with some fuscous

at side of second joint ; pectus and legs white tinged with

rufous, the tibiz and tarsi blackish ringed with white ;

abdomen white tinged with rufous, dorsally irrorated with

brown. Fore wing glossy grey tinged with fuscous; the

base of costal area black; antemedial line black slightly

angled outwards below costa, then sinuous; orbicular a

white poimt defined by black, the reniform a small white

spot with some black before and beyond it ; postmedial line

black, bent outwards below costa, slightly incurved at discal

fold, oblique below vein 4 and slightly excurved at vein 1,

some white points beyond it on costa; subterminal line

defined by a blackish shade before it, slightly angled

outwards at vein 7 and excurved at middle; a terminal

blackish line. Hind wing whitish suffused with fuscous

brown; cilia white at tips except at apex ; the underside

white tinged with brown, the costal area irrorated with

brown, a slight discoidal spot, indistinct curved postmedial

line and a terminal line.

Hab. KRuovesta, Zambesi, Victoria Falls (Longstaf’),

1 dg type. Evp.18mm. Cotypes in Mus. Oxon.

4305 a. Neostrotiu mediopallens, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax dark red-brown; abdomen red-

brown with pale segmental lines, the ventral surface whitish

tinged with rufous. Fore wing with the base deep red-

brown, its outer edge oblique and sinuous ; the broad medial

area whitish tinged with ochreous ; faint: traces of a curved

rufous antemedial line with a dark point on it in submedian

fold ; orbicular a small fuscous spot, the reniform a slight

lunule with black points at its upper and lower extremities ;

a very indistinct pale rufous medial line, bent outwards

below costa, then sinuous ; postmedial line double, dark

red-brown slightly filled in with ochreous and somewhat

incurved below vein 5, the area beyond it red-brown with

an ochreous apical patch, traces of a subterminal series of

ochreous points and a slight ochreous patch on termen

440 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

above tornus; a fine dark terminal line and pale line at base

of cilia. Hind wing white; a small blackish discoidal spot ;

traces of a sinuous postmedial line ; the apical area with

some dark irroration ; a terminal series of black striz ;

the underside with the costal area and terminal area to

vein 3 ochreous irrorated with brown, a black discoidal spot,

minutely waved postmedial line from costa to vein 2 witha

brown patch beyond it on costa, and terminal series of black

strie.

Hab. Cotompia, San Antonio (Palmer), 1 2 type. Lzap.

20 mm.

4817 a. Callyna holophea, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax black-brown; pectus greyish ; tarsi

ringed with white ; abdomen fuscous tinged with grey.

Fore wing black-brown ; a subbasal grey striga from costa ;

antemedial line very indistinct, black, oblique, sinuous, with

some grey irroration at costa; claviform small, defined by

black above; orbicular minute, grey defined by black,

round; reniform with greyish annulus defined by black,

strongly constricted at middle; a faint oblique line from

lower angle of cell to inner margin ; postmedial line very

indistinct, black defined on outer side by grey towards costa,

bent outwards below costa to just beyond the reniform, then

minutely dentate; four white points on terminal part of

costa; subterminal line indistinct, dark, execurved below

vein 7 and at middle; a fine blackish terminal line and

slight pale line at base of cilia. Hind wing fuscous with a

fine blackish terminal line and pale line at base of cilia; the

underside grey thickly irrorated with fuscous, the terminal

area suffused with fuscous, a faint discoidal spot and traces

of a postmedial line.

Hab. N. Nicexria, Bauchi Prov., Panyam (fox), 1 2 type.

Exp. 30 mm.

Genus PRoLYMNIA, nov.

Type, P. viola.

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi upturned, the second joint

reaching to vertex of head and slenderly scaled, the third

moderate, oblique ; frous smooth with tuft of hair above;

eyes large, round; antenne of male serrate and fasciculate,

the shaft thickened at base, the apical third ciliated ; thorax

clothed with hair and scales mixed, the pro- and metathorax

with spreading crests, tibie slightly fringed with hair ;

abdomen with dorsal crests on two basal segments. Fore

Genera and Species of Noctuidae. 441

wing with the apex rounded, the termen evenly curved and

not crenulate ; veins 3 and 5 from near angle of cell ; 6 from

below upper angle ; 7 from angle; 8,9, 10 stalked; 11 from

cell. Hind wing with veins 3,4 from angle of cell ; 5 obso-

lescent from well below middle of discocellulars ; 6, 7 from

upper angle ; 8 anastomosing with the cell near base only.

4533 a. Prolymnia viola, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen brown mixed with grey.

Fore wing violaceous brown mixed with grey, the basal

area greyer; an oblique subbasal grey line from costa to

vein 1 followed by a violaceous brown patch below sub-

costal nervure defined on outer side by a grey line; ante-

medial line grey, acutely angled outwards below costa, then

obliquely ineurved ; reniform figure-of-eight-shaped, defined

by whitish ; postmedial line slight, grey, arising at discal fold

in which it is bent outwards as a streak, oblique to vein 2,

then obliquely incurved; a dark violaceous patch defined

by whitish on costa before the subterminal line, quadrate

with oblique inner edge; subterminal line greyish, strongly

incurved below vein 6 and ending on termen above tornus ;

the termen dark defined on inner side by a fine whitish line.

Hind wing grey-brown, the cilia whitish at tips towards

tcrnus ; the underside greyer.

Hab. Goup Coast, Kumasi (Whiteside), 1 3 type. Exp.

30 mm.

4533 b. Prolymnia atrifera, sp. n.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen brown mixed with grey.

Fore wing grey tinged and thickly irrorated with brown ;

subbasal line grey, erect, from costa to vein 1; antemedial

line grey, oblique, bent inwards to costa, another line just

before it at costa to submedian fold towards which it

diverges ; reniform elliptical, slightly defined by grey and

with a lunulate black-brown patch on its inner side arising

from costa; a grey line from lower angle of cell to inner

margin ; a diffused blackish fascia from lower angle of cell

to subterminal line, before which there is a black-brown

patch defined by grey from costa to vein 6, quadrate with

oblique inner edge ; subterminal line grey, strongly incurved

below vein 6 and ending on termen ahove tornus; a

terminal series of black striz defined on inner side by a fine

waved whitish line. Hind wing fuscous brown, the cilia

greyer; the underside grey tinged and thickly irrorated

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 30

442 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

with brown, a brown discoidal point and indistinct curved

postmedial line.

Hab. 8S. Nicerta, Lagos, Ebute Meta (Boag), 1 9 type.

Leap. 32 wm.

ERASTRIANZ.

5003 a. Acidaliodes costipuncta, sp. 0.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white mixed with brown, the

pectus and legs whiter. Fore wing whitish suffused with

red-brown ; subbasal and antemedial black points on costa ;

small blackish spots at middle of cell and on discocellulars ;

a medial black point on costa and indistinct diffused brown

line from it to inner margin; the terminal half of costa

with prominent series of small brown spots ; an indistinct

dark postmedial line, angled outwards at vein 6 and incurved

below vein 4, the area from just beyond it suffused with dark

brown; a slight whitish subterminal line, angled outward

below apex, minutely dentate at middle and angled inwards

in submedian fold; a terminal series of blackish striz.

Hind wing whitish suffused with red-brown except towards

base; a slight brown discoidal striga; an indistinct sinuous

postmedial line defined on outer side by whitish; a sub-

terminal series of small whitish lunules and a terminal series

of dark striz ; the underside whitish, the terminal area

suffused with brown, a small blackish discoidal spot and

diffused sinuous brown postmedial line.

Hab. Peru, Cuzco Mts. (Garlepp), 1 3,1 2 type. Exp.

16 mm.

5020a. Anablemma diagramma, sp. u.

Fore wing with the termen angled at vein 6, then oblique ;

hind wing with veins 3, 4 and 6, 7 stalked, 8 anastomosing

with the cell to beyond middle.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-white slightly tinged

with rufous; palpi and frons black-brown; fore and mid

legs suffused with brown. Fore wing grey-white tinged with

rufous and striated with brown ; an oblique blackish ante-

medial striga from costa; an oblique black postmedial line

from vein 2 to inner margin; the termen with small black

spots from apex to vein 4. Hind wing grey-white tinged

with brown and slightly irrorated with dark brown; a ter-

minal series of dark poiuts from apex to vein 2; the under-

side white, the costal and terminal areas slightly irrorated

with blackish, a slight blackish discoidal lunule, curved

Genera and Species of Noctuidee. 443

sinuous postmedial line and series of small black spots on

termen from apex to vein 2.

Hab. Brazit, Rio Janeiro (Wilson), 1 type. Exp.

28 mm.

Genus ALYPOPHANES.

Alypophanes, Turner, Tr. R. Soc. S. Austr. xxxii. p. 63

(ee Soa on bd actéacd doitaina tridicosma,

Type.

5310 a. Alypophanes flavirosea, sp. n.

?. Head yellow with crimson band behind; palpi with

the second joint brown towards extremity, the third white ;

thorax and abdomen bright rose-pink, the latter with white

spot at base of dorsum and the anal tuft yellow; pectus,

legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white. Fore wing

bright rose-pink ; a yellow subbasal band, not reaching costa

and expanding towards inner margin ; a medial yellow band

expanding towards costa and inner margin; the termen

narrowly and cilia yellow. Hind wing bright rose-pink ;

an oblique yellow medial band expanding into a rounded

patch beyond the cell and bent inwards below submedian

fold to above tornus ; cilia yellow.

Hab. Sotomon Is., Bougainville (Meek), 1 2 type. Eup.

12 mm.

53106. Alypophanes phenicoxantha, sp. nu.

2. Head yellow with crimson band behind; palpi with

the second joint brownish towards extremity ; antenne with

the shaft brown except towards tips; thorax and abdomen

purplish pink, the latter with pure white spot at base of

dorsum and the anal tuft yellow; pectus, legs, and ventral

surface of abdomen white, the fore tibie brown on inner

side. Fore wing yellow; a purplish-pink patch at base with

sinuous outer edge; a rounded purplish-pink antemedial

patch from costa to vein 1, with a yellow streak on it on

costa, edged at sides with blackish, and withits lower edge

rather excised; the terminal area with large elliptical

purplish-pink patch from costa to tornus, its inner edge

slightly excised at middle and defined by blackish, its outer

edge sinuous and leaving some yellow on termen from apex

to vein 4; cilia yellow. Hind wing purplish pink, the inner

area pale ; the costal area yellow; a rounded yellow patch

beyond the cell conjoimed to the costal area and giving off

an oblique striga from its lower edge to vein 2; a narrow

30*

444 On new Genera and Species of Noctuide.

yellow terminal band indented by a pink tooth running

out to termen at vein 3.; cilia yellow.

Hab. Br. N. Gutnea, Milne Bay (Meek),1 9 type. Exp.

18 mm,

‘Genus Evearua, nov.

Type, £. thermochroa.

Proboscisratherslight ; palpi with the second joint obliquely

porrect and broadly fringed with hair above, the third short,

porrect; frons smooth, with tuft of hair; eyes large, round ;

‘antenne of male somewhat laminate and almost simple ;

thorax clothed almost entirely with scales, the metathorax

with depressed crest; tibize fringed with long hair ; abdo-

men with large basal crest. Fore wing with the apex

‘rounded, the termen evenly curved and not crenulate ;

veins 3 and 5 from near angle of cell ; 6 from upper angle ;

9 from 10 anastomosing with 8 to form the areole; 11 from

cell. Hind wing with veins 3, 4 from angle of cell;

5 nearly fully developed from well above angle; 6, 7 from

upper angle; 8 anastomosing with the cell near base only.

5429-a. Hugatha thermochroa, sp. un.

¢. Head and thorax bright rufous mixed with red-brown ;

antennz with the basal joint whitish in front; abdomen

rufous, the sides and ventral surface towards base whitish,

the basal crest red-brown. Fore wing bright rufous slightly

irrorated with red-brown, the terminal area tinged with

purplish, the termen violaceous white, the veins streaked

with red-brown; a slight waved red-brown ssubbasal line

from costa to vein 1; antemedial line double, red-brown,

angled outwards to near upper angle of cell, then oblique ;

a rather diffused blackish spot at lower angle of cell with an

oblique red-brown line from it to inner margin ; postmedial

line double, red-brown, oblique from costa to vein 6, slightly

incurved at discal fold, oblique below vein 4; some chocolate-

brown on costa before the oblique red-brown subterminal

line which is slightly excurved at middle; a series of black-

brown striz just before termen. Hind wing creamy-white,

the terminal area suffused with red-brown; cilia white

tinged with rufous; the underside with the costal and

terminal areas irrorated with rufous, a red-brown discoidal

spot, curved postmedial line and fine terminal line.

Hab. Dutcn N. Guinea, Fak-fak (Pratt), 1 ¢ type.

Hap, 22 mm.

On new Species of African Diploptera. 445

6077 a. Hoplotarache nephele, sp. n.

?. Head and thorax white, the latter with some grey on

dorsum ; antennze fulvous brown with a black point between

their bases; pectus and legs white, the fore femora above

and tarsi tinged with brown; abdomen grey-brown with

white segmental lines, the ventral surface white. Fore

wing white suffused with grey and olive-brown except on

costal area to subterminal line, basal half of inner area, and

terminal area except at apex ; the costa with oblique ante-

medial and medial grey and olive bars and a postmedial

spot, the inner margin with white antemedial striga defined

on each side by grey patches; orbicular and reniform grey

with white annuli, round; a wedge-shaped white medial

patch from submedian fold to inner margin; postmedial

line olive-brown slightly defined on outer side by whitish

from the costal area to inner margin and incurved below

vein 4; the white terminal area with sinuous inner edge,

excurved at middle and bent outwards to tornus; black

bars on termen at discal and submedial folds with two

slight spots between them, the cilia fuscous beyond the

discal bar. Hind wing white tinged with brown, the

termina! area suffused with brown; cilia white mixed with

brownish; the underside white, a slight dark discoidal

lunule, the terminal area suffused with brown from apex to

vein 2.

Hab. Gero. E. Arrica, Usagara Distr., Kilossa (Neave),

1 2 type. Exp. 30 mm.

LVI.— Descriptions of new Species of African Diploptera

in the Collection of the British Museum. By Guorrrey

Meape-Watpo, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tue majority of the new species described in the present

paper were received from the Entomological Research

Committee (Tropical Africa).

All the types are in the British Museum Collection.

All measurements of length are from the front of the

head to the apex of the second abdominal segment.

Masaride, Leach.

Masaris, F.

Masaris vespiformis, F.

This interesting insect seems to have been the subject of

446 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

a considerable difference of opinion about the time when

Henri de Saussure was working at his invaluable ‘ Etudes

sur les Vespides. At a meeting of the Entomological

Society of France (January 26th, 1853), M. E. Blanchard

exhibited the male Masaris vespiformis which had served as

the actual type of Fabricius, and was preserved in the

Paris Museum (Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. vi, 1853).

This specimen was collected im Barbary by the botanist

Desfontaines. Grave doubts as to the correct identification

of Masaris existed among those who had not been able

to examine the Fabrician type, and for this reason

M. Blanchard asked the Society to appoint three of its

members to inquire into the matter. Messieurs Goureau,

L. Fairmaire, and Guérin-Méneville were appointed for this

purpose. At a later meeting M. Léon Fairmaire made it

the subject of a special report, which was afterwards

criticised by Saussure.

Dr. Schaum, who held different views on Masaris as

understood by Fabricius, Latreille, and Blanchard, wrote

fully on the subject (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (3) 1. p. 653, pl. 20.

fig. 1, ¢ 2, 1853). There can be no doubt that the insect

figurcd by Schaum as M. vespifurmis, F., is not the typical

form described by Fabricius from Barbary, but a new sub-

species from Egypt, which it is intended to describe below.

Observations on the fine series of M. vespiformis from

Morocco, colleeted by Escalera and now in the British

Museum (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vil. p. 118, 1911), laid

the foundation to an enquiry, and it was seen that whereas the

two tubercles on abdominal sternites 2 and 3 were marked]

different in both shape and height in the Moorish males, the

males from Egypt possessed tubercles differing only in a

slight disparity in height and shape of apex.

The Vicomte R. du Buysson was kind enough to compare

one of the Moorish males with the Fabrician type in Paris.

In his opinion the characters which differentiate the two

insects could not be considered more than racial or varietal.

Du Buysson says :—“ Le type male de Fabricius est parfaite-

ment conforme & la plauche de Pouvrage de Saussure (Et,

Fam. Vesp. iii. pl. v. fig. 4), c’est A dire que le 2¢ sternite

abdominal porte une sorte de tubercule carne, tronqué

obliquement dans le sens antéro-postérieur, tandis que le

troisieme sternite porte une protubérance semblable A

Vexemplaire du Maroc, que vous m’envoyez,..... Le

type de Fabricius est en outre jaune pale dans ses ornements

clairs ; ces ornements sur celui du Maroe sont beaucoup plus

blanchatres. Avec la forme du tubercule du 2° sternite, je

new Species of African Diploptera. 447

ne vois pas d’autre différence entre le type de Fabricius et

votre exemplaire du Maroc.”

An outline drawing of the second and third abdominal

sternites, drawn from the type by Vicomte du Buysson, is

here reproduced. With regard to the females, it is impossible

to find any difference but colour between specimens from

Palastine (Jericho), in the British Museum, and the Moorish

females. These latter differ to a considerable degree, from

specimens with the abdominal fasciz and the whole pro-

thorax ferruginous, to specimens with the anterior margin

of the pronotum and the abdominal markings of a pale

whitish yellow.

Fig. 2,

= a

Fig. 1.

ABO. STERNITE *

2 ABO. STERNITE

coy ee

ABD. STERNITE 2-

ABO. STERNITE 3~

Sternites 2 and 3 of Masaris, seen in profile, greatly enlarged.

Fig. 1.—Masaris vespiformis, F. Type. 1798.

Fig. 2.—Masaris vespiformis, F., subsp. egyptiacus, M.-Waldo.

Pyne. LOLT.

The Vicomte du Buysson says that there is no difference

but colour between the females he has examined from Egypt

and the specimen from Morocco. He adds, however, that in

Egyptian females the base of abdominal tergites 2, 3, 4 is

feebly but visibly depressed, whereas in the Moorish speci-

men the base of tergite 2 alone is depressed. No specimens

of Egyptian females being available for examination, it has

been impossible to record a personal verification of this, but

in the females from Jericho, which are doubtless the

females of egyptiacus, the base of tergite 2 alone is depressed.

Masaris vespiformis, ¥., subsp. egyptiacus, subsp. n.

dg. Niger; clypeo, facie, pronoto segmentis abdominalibus 1-6

apice, tibils tarsisque flavis. Segmentis abdominalibus 2-3 infra

tuberculis duobus subeequalibus armatis.

448 Mr. G. Meade~Waldo on

Black ; the clypeus, an interrupted lateral line on

antennz, the front, a narrow line behind the the eyes, pro-

notum, tegule, a small spot on the apex of the scutellum,

broad yellow fascize on the apical margin of abdominal

segments 1-6, thoseon segments 2, 3, 4 narrowly broken on

the medio-dorsal surface, golden yellow. A small round

spot on each side of sternite 4, the apex of the femora, the

tibize and tarsi of the anterior legs, and tibiz and tarsi of

intermediate and posterior legs for the most part golden

yellow.

Apical joints of tarsi and tubercles on abdominal sternites

2 and 3 ferruginous. Clypeus as broad as long, shallowly

emarginate at apex, a blunt tubercle on front between base

of antennz. ‘Tubercles on abdominal sternites 2 and 3

similar in structure, that on sternite 2 rather less prominent

than that on sternite 3, which is slightly truncate at apex.

Length 83 mm.

Hab. Cairo, Egypt (Ff. D. Morice, 4. iv. 99).

This specimen was in the collection of the late Edward

Saunders, to whom it was presented by the Rey. F. D.

Morice, and in whose collection there are further specimens.

The following should facilitate the differentiation of the

new subspecies from typical Masaris vespiformis, F. :—

Masaris vespiformis, F.,

subsp. egyptiacus, subsp. n. M. vespiformis, F.

Black and golden yellow. Black and pale or whitish yellow.

Mesothorax totally black, minute “Thorax dorso niger, macula

yellow spot at tip of scutellum. media antice emarginata, flava.

Margo et scutellum flava.” (Ent.

Syst. ii. p. 284.)

Clypeus entirely yellow. ““Clypeus emarginatus flavus,

margine tenui nigro.” (Lepel.

Hist. Nat. Ins. ii. p. 589.)

Median segment black. Median segment with angles of

truncation y ellow.

Small tubercle on inter-antennal No tubercle on inter-antennal

space, | space.

JuGuRTIA, Sauss.

Jugurlia simpsoni, sp. n.

Niger, flavo variegatus ; alis hyalinis,

?. Black; the scape beneath, clypeus except the base,

two large subquadrate marks on the front, continuing round

the sinus of the eyes, a line behind the eyes, anterior

margin of pronotum, its posterior margin along the hinder

half, the tegulee posteriorly, a small mark on the disk of the

new Species of African Diploptera. 449

mesonotum posteriorly, the apex of the scutellum, the post-

scutellum, two approximated ovate marks on mesopleuree

(the upper large, the lower minute), the truncation of the

median segment laterally, pale yellow.

All the abdominal tergites with apical fascie widening

laterally, those on tergites 2-5 dilating medially, and

sternites 1-5 at the extreme apex, pale yellow. Legs pale

yellow, except the coxze and femora, which are black.

Mandibles, flagellum, and tegulz anteriorly ferruginous.

Wings clear hyaline.

Clypeus deeply emarginate at apex, broader than long.

Head and thorax somewhat coarsely, abdomen more finely,

punctured ; truncation of median segment finely longi-

tudinally striate.

Length 7 mm.

Hab. Patchari (22.11.1911) and Nau (15.iii. 1911),

Gambia; 3 2.

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee

(Tropical Africa). This is the first species of Jugurtia

received from south of the Sahara, but it nevertheless

strongly resembles the Palearctic species of the genus, from

which it has been found difficult to separate it.

J. simpsoni can be distinguished from the nearly allied

species as follows :—

A. Surface of truncation of median segment

usually entirely yellow, occasionally with

black pipe-shaped marks, as in type

BIER Selececie ccc rwncesd..0s J. escalere, M-Waldo.

B, Surface of truncation of median segment

black, yellow laterally.

a. Legs and antenne entirely yellow :

b. Legs not entirely yellow, antenne black

or ferruginous.

a’, Flagellum black above, mesopleurze

J. numida, Sauss.

coarsely punctured .............-. J. oraniensis, Sauss,

6. Flagellum ferruginous, mesopleurs

SUE PMNCLULED. [155 30. .ic/2' sida Seis 3 J. simpsont, sp. n.

Rwapuipoctossa, S. S. Saunders.

Raphidoglossa punctata, M.-Waldo.

A long series of this species, consisting of ten males and

twenty-seven females, all collected by S. A. Neave from the

Lower Luangwa River, N.E. Rhodesia, with the exception of

one male from Lufira River, Katanga, shows it to be distinct

from R. natalensis, Smith. It was suggested (Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist. (8) v. p. 85, 1910) that R. punctata, the male

450 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

of which was described from Angola, might prove to be the

male of R. natalensis, Smith, described from Natal, but the

females from N.E. Rhodesia show that this is not the case.

The male of R. natalensis still remains unknown.

Females of R. natalensis and R. punctata differ from one

another in the following respects :—

R. natalensis.

Petiole slightly longer than

thorax, posterior half widening

somewhat abruptly towards apex.

Tubercles on sides comparatively

prominent. Angles of pronotum

more pronounced than in &,

punctata,

Clypeus black.

Pronotum black.

“R. punctata.

Petiole as long as head and

thorax combined, widening very

gradually towards apex, very

slender. Tubercles either absent

or very minute,

Clypeus ferruginous, base yellow.

Pronotum mostly ferruginous.

The males of R. punctata recently received all have the

pronotum more or less ferruginous; in the type specimen

there is small trace of this, the hind margin of the pronotum

alone bearing a reddish tinge. It is possible that this colour

fades, since the type specimen was received at the British

Museum in 1873, i. e. 37 years before it was described.

On the other hand, R. natalensis was in all probability

described from a fresh specimen, as it was only acquired by

the Museum the year preceding the publication of its

description, a fact which suggests that it never bore any

ferruginous markings.

Lasvs, Sauss.

The following key should help in the identification of

the newly described forms ; three closely allied species are

included for comparison :—

A. Postscutellum bispinose .......... .... JZ. swalet, sp. n.

B. Postscutellum not bispinose.

a. Slender insects ; petiole without a spine

at base, at least as long as thorax.

a’, Head broader than thorax.

a’, Abdominal segments 1, 2 with

yellowish fasciz, terminal seg-

ments black.

a‘. Tegule black.

a®. Petiolejinear '\f3'2,.c.N pees

6°. Petiole distinctly broader at

BREE bins vce s nein s He kiee <a

b‘. Tegule red-ferruginous ......

b°. All the abdominal segments with

yellow fasciw, terminal abdo-

minal segment red-ferruginous ..

L. fragilis, sp. n.

L. adelphus, sp. n.

L. annulatus, M.-Waldo.

L. maindront, Buyss.

new Species of African Diploptera. Ad1

4°, Head no broader than thorax, all the

terminal abdominal segments red-

RMOSOUEN ws) i gataiads abled OK yn SR L. rothschildanus, Buyss,

b. More robust insects; petiole w ith a dis-

tinct spine at base,shorter than thorax.

a’. Median segment rounded dorsally,

RIOT LOT ie 5G at. wine ssi5 sa 0:16) ohn . L. caffra, sp. n.

b*. Median segment with a depression

on middle of dorsal surface, 7 mm.

RE eR Cae tke ees ess + veeeeee DL. gambiensis, sp. n.

Labus swalei, sp. n.

L. chudeaui similis, sed major; niger; prothorace, segmentorum

1, 2 abdominis margine postico flavo fasciatis. Alis hyalinis.

?. Black ; clypeus, except a narrow lateral and apical

border, scape beneath, pronotum in front, tegule, two spots

on the scutellum, and narrow fascize on the apical margins

of abdominal serments 1 and 2, pale yellow.

Apex of femora and tibie of all the legs pale yellow.

Tarsi testaceous. Petiole laterally and abdominal segments

3-6 obscurely ferruginous.

Clypeus as broad as long, emarginate, narrowly produced

towards the apex, sides of the emargination terminated in

sharp teeth ; head rather broader than thorax ; postscutellum

bluntly bispinose ; median segment convex, the apical

angles produced. Petiole slender, rather longer than the

thorax, bearing two conspicuous lateral tubercles on the

basal third, depressed dorsally and broadest at the apex,

when seen in profile the petiole appears truncate anteriorly

and smaller posteriorly ; abdominal segment 2 rather long,

cup-shaped, Punctured, the head (except clypeus), thorax,

and second abdominal segment coarsely, remaining abdo-

minal segments minutely. “The whole covered with a ‘silvery-

grey pubescence, most conspicuous on vertex and median

segment.

Length 54 mm.

36. Differs from the female in the totally yellow clypeus,

and flagellum reddish brown beneath.

Hab. The le a Desert between Korosko and Abu

Hamed (Dr. Swale); 29,1 6.

This species is very near L. chudeaui, Du Buyss.

The Vicomte du Buysson has been kind enough to

examine a specimen of L. swalei and to compare it with that

species, from which he considers it to be distinct. L. swalei

has the clypeus more deeply emarginate and the extremity

of the petiole depressed; the petiole is longer and more

slender than in ZL, chudeaui, which is also a considerably

smaller species. i

452 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

Labus adelphus, sp. n.

L. fragilis proxime affinis, sed abdominis petiolo breviore, robustiore.

g. Black; with the yellow markings exactly as in

L. fragilis 8, except that the yellow fascia on abdominal

sternite 2 is unbroken. Antenne (absent in L. fragilis 2)

with terminal six joints of flagellum for the most part

testaceous beneath.

Wing colour and neuration as in L. fragilis. Clypeus

subovate, shallowly emarginate at apex ; head as broad as

thorax at tegule.

Petiole less than 3 mm. in length, equal in length to

thorax, gradually widening from base to apex, the apex

being twice as broad as the base; base of abdominal seg-

ment 2 as wide as petiole at apex.

Pubescence as in L. fragilis. Whole rather coarsely

punctured, abdominal segments 3-7 more finely.

Length 8 mm.

Hab. Mabira, Uganda (18. ix. 1910) (C. C. Gowdey) ; 1.

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee

(Tropical Africa).

The species very closely resembles L. fragilis, but is easily

distinguished from it by its stouter build.

The petiole is totally different, being quite twice as wide

at the apex as at the base and not of uniform thickness

throughout as in L. fragilis. Abdominal segment 2 is not

petiolate to the same extent as in L. fragilis.

Labus fragilis, sp. n.

Niger; abdominis segmentorum 1, 2 margine postico pallide flavis,

petiolo longissimo, tenui. Alis cellula radiali preecipue infuscatis.

9. Black; two minute spots on apex of clypeus, extreme

tips of the anterior angles of pronotum, a small spot behind

the tegulz, narrow apical fasciz on abdominal tergites 1

and 2, abdominal sternite 2 with broadly interrupted fascia,

anterior tibize in front and a spot on posterior tibiz, pale

yellow. Wings fuscous, especially along the costa and in

the radial cell; the second cubital cell subpetiolate.

Clypeus as broad as long, subovate, convex ; head massive,

broader than thorax ; scutellum and postscutellum rounded,

median segment rounded, gradually sloping to apex. Petiole

of abdomen 3 mm., truncate anteriorly, of uniform width in

its whole length, longer than thorax, but not so long as head

and thorax together ; abdominal segment 2 at base one-half

as narrow as petiole at apex, subpetiolate, cup-shaped, about

new Species of Ajrican Diploptera. 453

as wide at apex as the head. Front and clypeus covered

with dense silvery pubescence, especially conspicuous on base

of clypeus and in the sinus of the eyes.

Punctured ; head, thorax, and abdominal segments 1, 2

rather coarsely, the median segment and abdominal seg-

ments 3-6 more finely.

Length 8} mm.

Hab. ower Luangwa River, N.E. Rhodesia, Sept. 1910,

1600-1800 ft. (S. A. Neave), and Bulawayo, Aug. 1909

(LE. C. Chubb); 1 3.

Appears to come nearest to L. ? macrostylus, Kohl, but

differs in the neuration and colour of the legs.

The male has the clypeus entirely yellow.

This species was presented by the Entomological Research

Committee (Tropical Africa).

Labus caffra, sp. 0.

Niger ; abdominis segmentorum 1, 2 margine postico flavis; pedi-

bus ferrugineis, flavo variegatis; alis fusco-hyalinis, costa cellu-

laque radiali infuscatis,

9. Black; scape beneath, clypeus at the base and two

minute spots at apex, a smail spot in the sinus of each eye,

a spot between the base of the antenne and behind the eyes,

a short interrupted line on the anterior margin of the pro-

notum, a line on the postscutellum, narrow apical fasciz on

abdominal tergite 1, and abdominal tergite and sternite |

and 2, pale yellow. Tuibiz above pale yellow.

Mandibles except the base, tegule, and legs ferruginous

red,

Wings hyaline, darker along the costa and in radial cell.

Head broad, as broad as thorax at tegule, clypeus as

broad as long, narrowly produced towards apex; thorax

massive ; pronotum truncate anteriorly, widening towards

tegul, the lateral angles of the truncation acute, median

segment rounded dorsally, gradually sloping posteriorly.

Petiole robust, equal in length to the mesonotum, nar-

rowest and subtruncate at base, gradually widening to apex,

the base armed above with an acute spine; second abdominal

segment cup-shaped, somewhat elongate.

Head, thorax, and abdominal segments 1-3 covered with

deep granular punctures, median segment and terminal

abdominal segments very finely punctured.

The whole insect covered with short grey pubescence,

most conspicuous on clypeus, pleura, and abdomen.

Length 84 mm.

Hab. Zulu; 1 ¢.

454 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

Labus gambiensis, sp. 0.

Niger; abdominis segmentorum 1, 2 margine postico flavis; tibiis

flavo variegatis, femoribus tarsisque ferrugineis; alis hyalinis,

cellula radiali apicaliter fusca.

?. Black; the scape beneath, minute spots in sinus of

eyes and behind them, two small marks on pronotum in

front, two small linear marks on the postscutellum, narrow

fascize on the apical borders of abdominal tergite 1, and of

abdominal tergite and sternite 2, and the tibiz above, pale

yellow.

Legs for the most part ferruginous.

Wings clear hyaline, radial cell in the apical half, and

costal cell in the extreme apex, fuscous.

Clypeus convex, subtriangular, as broad as long, the apex

slightly emarginate; head as broad as thorax ; pronotum

truncate anteriorly, gradually widening towards tegule,

median segment rounded posteriorly, a depression on the

dorsal surface of the truncation.

Petiole short, equal in length to dise of mesonotum,

widening towards apex, the base armed with a spine; abdo-

minal segment 2 elongate.

Punctured; head, thorax, and abdominal segmeat 1

coarsely, remaining segments of abdomen finely.

The whole insect covered with grey pubescence, most

conspicuous on the clypeus and mesopleure.

Length 7 mm.

Hab. Duniajoe, Gambia, 24. iv. 1911 (J. J. Simpson), and

S.W. shore of Lake Nyasa, between Fort Johnston and

Monkey Bay, 1650 ft., 25th Feb.—4th March, 1910 (S. A.

Neave); 2 2.

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee

(Tropical Africa).

Synagris, Latr.

Synagris flavomaculata, sp. n.

Niger; segmentis 3-5 abdominis utrinque flavo maculatis; alis

fusco-violaceis ; pedibus ferrugineis.

3d. Black; abdominal segments 3-5 with a subquadrate

spot on apical margin on each side, pale yellow. Mandibles,

clypeus, antenne, ‘lower portion of postocellar region and

the legs, red- ferruginous. Wings brownish, a faint violet

effulgence in certain lights. Mandibles 64 mm. in length,

stri aight and sharp, inner margin finely serratiform, armed

at the base with a conspicuous ‘protuberauce ; ; clypeus rather

new Species of African Diploptera. 455

longer than broad, truncate at apex, somewhat convex.

Head massive, as broad as thorax at its widest, postorbits

swollen; scutellum and postscutellum rather prominent,

postseutellum bluntly bilobed; median segment medially

depressed, each side forming a ridge terminating in an in-

conspicuous angle. Abdomen with segment 1 rather

narrower than segment 2; sternite 7 armed with a series of

short spines.

Clypeus and mandibles minutely, abdomen sparsely, head

and thorax coarsely punctured,

The whole clothed with a more or less dense covering of

black pubescence, thickest on the ventral surface of the

abdomen ; legs with golden pubescence.

Length 22 mm.

Hab. Lufira River, Katanga (3500 ft.), lst September,

1907; 150-200 miles W. of Kambove (3500-4500 ft.) ;

N.E. Rhodesia, Fort Jameson (3800 ft.), 3rd—6th June,

1910 (S. A. Neave): Fwambo, Tungan Nyassa Plateau,

Tanganyika (W. H, Nuft).

?. Similar to the male, but the mandibles shorter (5 mm.)

and with clypeus bluntly pointed, not truncate at apex.

This conspicuous species comes into Saussure’s Division I.,

which includes those species with straight mandibles and

3-jointed labial and maxillary palpi. The colour-markings

are constant in all the nine specimens available for exami-

nation. The only male in the series besides the type

specimen has the protuberance at the base of the mandibles

ouly slightly developed,

Montezumia, Sauss.

Montezumia bimaculata, sp. n.

Niger, nitidus; segmento secundo abdominis utrinque flavo-

maculato ; alis fusco-ceruleis.

¢. Shining black ; a small ovate spot on apical margin

of tergite 2 on each side, pale yellow.

Mandibles, scape, underside of flagellum for the most part,

a line behind the eyes, apex of anterior femora, anterior

tibize and tarsi totally, intermediate tibiz above, and inter-

mediate and posterior calcaria, ferruginous.

Wings dark brown-violaceous, the hind wings apically

hyaline. Anterior tibie and tarsi densely, and intermediate

tibie and tarsi more sparingly clothed with golden pubes-

cence. Surface of truncation of median segment clothed

with dense silver-grey pubescence, a small ovate patch of

dense, short, brown pubescence on abdominal sternite 2.

456 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

Clypeus subtriangular, truncate, apical two-thirds traversed

by two longitudinal carinz, a small half-moon-shaped de-

pression on vertex behind the ocelli; thorax massive, pronotum

truncate anteriorly, widening towards the tegule; basal

half of petiole flattened dorsally, apical half concave ventrally,

a small tubercle on each side.

Punctured, the clypeus sparsely, otherwise somewhat

coarsely ; dorsal half of petiole coarsely longitudinally striate,

ventrally coarsely rugose.

Length 20 mm.

Hab. N.E. Rhodesia, on road Fort Jameson to Lundazi

(4000 ft.), 7th-14th June, 1910 (S. A. Neave); 1 @.

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee

(Tropical Africa).

This is the first species of Montezumia described from

Africa, and is very typical of the genus as defined by

Saussure. Any mention of the small pad of pubescence on

abdominal sternite 2 seems to have been omitted in

Saussure’s description of M. indica ; a similar pad is present

in both that species and M. wallacei, M.-Waldo.

Rayncuium, Spin.

Rhynchium grayi, Smith, neavei, subsp. n.

Caput thoraxque ferruginei; abdominis segmento secundo fascia

magna alba, abdomine nigro (segmento primo excepto); alis

obscuris, violaceo micantibus,

3. Ferruginous ; clypeus for the most part, scape be-

neath, and a broad fascia on apical margin of abdominal

segment 2, pale yellow. Abdominal segments 2-7, with

exception of abdominal sternite 2, black. Flagellum dark

above.

Clypeus subtriangular truncate, twice as long as broad.

Shape of thorax and comparative width of abdominal seg-

ments asin R. grayi. Punctuation coarse, as in R. grayi.

Wings fusco-hyaline, with a violet effulgence. Second

abscissa of the radial cell is 4 as long as the third abscissa,

whereas in R. gray? it is only } as long.

Length 154 mm.

Hab. Karonga, Nyasaland, 7th-llth July, 1910 (S. A.

Neave); 22.

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee

(Tropical Africa).

eT neces

new Species of African Diploptera. 457

Opynervus, Latr.

Odynerus (Ancistrocerus) gowdeyanus, sp. n.

Niger; crasse punctatus, abdomine flavo-ochraceo; alis fusco-

violaceis.

6. Black ; abdomen, except segment 1 at base, ochraceous

yellow. Wings fuscous, with a violaceous effulgence.

Clypeus convex, longer than broad, narrowly produced to-

wards the apex, shallowly emarginate, angles of emargination

produced and acute.

Thorax : pronotum truncate anteriorly, widening towards

the tegule ; scutellum and postscutellum slightly convex,

median segment truncate, the sides of the truncation forming

two subacute ridges. Abdomen normal, abdominal segment |

massive.

Punctured ; the head, thorax, and the black area at the

base of abdominal segment 1 laterally, covered with deep

granular punctures, those on the sides of the median segment

running into irregular striz ; truncation of median segment

finely, transversely striate; abdomen finely punctured.

Clypeus and mandibles impunctate.

Clypeus viewed from above covered with dense bronze

pubescence ; abdomen sparsely pubescent.

Length 114 mm.

Hab. Entebbe, Uganda (C. C. Gowdey), 5.ix.1910; 2 4.

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee

(Tropical Africa).

There is a specimen of this most striking Odynerus in the

Muséum d’ Histoire Naturelle, Paris.

Prerocuitus, Klug.

Pterochilus cyaneipennis, André.

Pterochilus cyaneipennis, Ed. André, Rey. Ent. Caen, vol. xiv. p. 855

(1895). :

Pterochilus korbi, Schulz, Hymenopteren-Studien, pp. 48-52 (1905),

Pterochilus aterrimus, EK. Saunders, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 403

(1905).

In a note previously published (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

(8) vu. p. 99, 1911) P. aterrimus was synonymized with

P. korbi on a comparison between the types, which are in the

National Collection. There can be no doubt that they are

the Pterochilus cyaneipennis of Ed. André, with whose

description they entirely agree. The type locality of

P. cyaneipennis is also Biskra.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 31

458 Mr. R. C. Wroughton on

LVIT.—List of a Collection of Mammals made by Mr. A. L.

Butler on the Upper Nile. By R. C. Wrouauron.

THE specimens here dealt with were obtained for the most

part from two localities, viz. the Blue Nile and Mongalla on

the White Nile. Practically all the forms have already been

described, but good specimens are valuable. A rat and the

dassie alone seem to be without a name, and they are such

distinct species that I have had no hesitation in describing

them. Iam pleased to name the dassie after Mr. Butler.

(1) Hidolon helvum, Kerr.

9. 156 (imm.; no skull). Roseires, Blue Nile.

go. 154; 2.153. Madal, Bahr-al-Ghazal.

(2) Epomophorus labiatus, Temm.

9.155. Jebel Maba, 25 miles south of Roseires, Blue

(3) Lavia frons affinis, And. & Wr.

. 146,151; ¢. 150. Kojali, Bahr-al-Ghazal.

. 148,150; 2. 147,152. Mongalla.

Os O4

(4) Pipistrellus rueppelli, Fisch.

3.157. Mongalla.

(5) Charephon emini, de Wint.

6. Roseires, Blue Nile.

(6) Croctdura doriana, Dobs.

3d. 142. Mongalla, Bahr-al-Ghazal.

(7) Erinaceus ethiopicus, Elirenb.

149, 7 ?

(8) Viverra civetta, Schreb.

203. Wau, Bahr-al-Ghazal.

&) Genetta dongolana, H. & E.

122. Khartoum, Sudan.

Mammals from the Upper Nile. 459

(10) Genetta equatorialis, Heugl.

g. 121. Mongalla, Bahr-al-Ghazal.

(11) ALlungos ichneumon, L.

$. 115; 2.109. Mongalla, Bahr-al-Ghazal.

(12) Crossarchus fasciatus, Desm.

108, 110. White Nile.

(13) Vulpes famelica, Cretzschm.

?. 123. No. 2 Station between Halfa and Khartoum,

Sudan.

3. 124. Khor Arbat, Port Sudan.

(14) Ictonyx erythree, de Wint.

117,118; g. 116. Khor Arbat, Port Sudan.

dg. 107. Roseires, Blue Nile.

(15) Ictonyx frenata, Sund.

3. 120. Omdurman, Sudan.

(16) Helioscturus multicolor madoge, Hell.

166. Abu Ramla, Dinder River (Ff. J. L. Atterbury).

(17) Eu«erus leucombrinus, Riipp.

d. 113,114; 2. 111,112. Roseires, Blue Nile.

(18) Gerbillus pygargus, F. Cuv.

164, 174. Khartoum, Sudan.

(19) Dipodillus waterst, de Wint.

165, (?), 171. Khartoum, Sudan.

(20) Taterillus emind, Thos.

d. 101; 2.172. Mongalla, Bahr-al-Ghazal.

(21) Tatertllus butlert, Wrought.

¢. 173. Raffile, Bahr-al-Ghazal.

?. 169. Wau, Bahr-al-Ghazal.

460 Mr. R. C. Wrougliton on

(22) Leggada bella, subsp.

&d. 106; 2@. 104. Mongalla, Bahr-al-Ghazal.

Geographically these should be either gondokore or enclave,

but from Mr. Heller’s descriptions I am unable to assign

them, definitely, to one more than the other.

(23) Epimys alghazal, Wrought.

¢. 136. Wau, Babr-al-Ghazal.

?. 136. Tembura, Bahr-al-Ghazal.

(24) EEpimys sp. (multimammate).

oe adl2d; 130, 131, doe. tos os Senko, 128, 138, 139;

140, 141, 144, 145. Mongalla, Bahr-al-Ghazal.

(25) Epimys azrek, sp. n.

G. 126; 9.129. Roseires, Blue Nile.

An Epimys of the multimammate group, of medium size,

with a pure white abdomen.

Fur of back rather short (7 mm.). General colour above

‘“¢ mouse-grey,”” with a very faint fulvous wash, the individual

hairs slate-crey, with short buffy-white tips; below pure

white, the hairs white to their bases. Face coloured like

back. An indistinct buff streak from below the eye, along

the flank, to the base of the tail. Chin, throat, and inner

side of fore limbs pure white, like the belly ; inner side of

hind limbs less purely white, the basal half of the hairs

being grey. Hands and feet white. Tail sparsely covered

with minute pale hairs, not visible to the naked eye, the

scales fine, about 10 to 5 mm.

Dimensions unfortunately not recorded by the collector.

The tail, measured in the dry specimen, is 115 mm., and the

body-measure is probably the same or slightly longer; hind

foot 22, ear about 15 mm.

Skull : condylo-incisive length 26 mm.; zygomatic

breadth 14; nasals 12°55; palatilar length 13°5; diastema 8;

upper molar series 5.

Hab. Roseires on the Blue Nile.”

Type. Young adult male. Collector’s number 126. Col-

lected by Mr. A. L. Butler in the summer of 1910.

The two specimens closely resemble one another, except

that in the female the buff stripe is obsolete on the flank. I

know of no other multimammate mouse with a pure white

lower surface ; the form from Lake Chad is the nearest, but

Mammals from the Upper Nile. 451

even in that all the hairs are grey at the base. Sundevall’s

macrolepis, also from Roseires, must resemble the present

species very closely in general colouring. He describes it as

“Supra fulvescenti-murinus, lateribus magis flavescens, sub-

tus albus, limite definito.” The dimensions he gives, how-

ever—yiz.: hind foot 27 and length of skull “ ad suturam

posticam ossis transversi 32 mm.,”—indicate a markedly

larger animal, while the character on which the name is based,

viz. the size of the caudal scales, is certainly not found in

the present animal, in which these scales are less than half the

size of those in macrolepis.

(26) Arvicanthis testicularis, Sund.

103, 160, 161, 162, 163. Khartoum, Sudan.

(27) Arvicanthis rubescens, Wrought.

d. 102,158,159. Mongalla, Bahr-al-Ghazal.

(28) Thamnomys macmillani gazelle, Thos.

¢. 167. Tembura, Bahr-al-Ghazal.

(29) Dasymys orthos, Hell.

gd. 134. Mongalla, Bahr-al-Ghazal.

(30) Jaculus gordoni, Thos.

105, 175-202. Khartoum, Sudan.

(31) Thryonomys swinderianus, Temm.

9.119. Akanda, Bahr-al-Ghazal.

(32) Procavia butlert, sp. n.

A fair-sized dassie, with a dark face, indistinct black dorsal

mark, and buffy-grey abdomen.

Hair short (25 mm.) and rather harsh. General colour

above “ wood-brown,” more fulvous on the flanks; face dark,

black-brown, minutely grizzled with white ; below pale buffy

grey. Individual hairs of back basally very dark brown

(10 mm.), remainder (15 mm.) buffy white with a black tip.

Dorsal spot small, not well marked, black. Hands and feet

grey.

Length of hind foot 63 mm.

Dimensions of skull: condylo-incisive length 93; basilar

462 Mr. 8. Hirst on new Scorpions.

Jength 82; zygomatic breadth 55 ; nasals 25 ; upper molar

series 38.

Hab. Jebel Fazogli, Blue Nile. Alt. 3500 feet.

Type. Old male (Stage VIII.). Collected by Mr. A. L.

Butler on the 4th May, 1911.

The British Museum possesses a second specimen from

Gebel Ain on the White Nile. The only other, geogra-

phically neighbouring, species with a black dorsal mark is

scioana, but that species is at once distinguishable from

butleri by its greater size, long soft fur, conspicuous dorsal

mark, and buff belly.

(33) Procavia ruficeps, HU. & EK.

3 (juv.).. Port Sudan.

LVIII.—Descriptions of new Scorpions. By S. Ur1rst.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Genus NEOBUTHUS, nov.

Carapace without distinct keels (with the exception of the

ill-defined pair leading forwards from the ocular tubercle).

Posterior grooves of carapace very similar to those of the

genus Butheolus, Sim. Genital operculum with its two

valves similar in shape to and almost as large as those of

Nanobuthus, Poc. Posterior tergites with three keels, the

lateral ones being weak. Immovable finger of chelicera with

a single tooth on the lower edge. Chela stout, especially the

brachium ; the rows of granules of the movable finger are

weak, and the basal row comes to an end at a short distance

from the point of articulation of the finger.

Neobuthus berberensis, sp. n.

Carapace finely granular throughout, the granulation being

slightly coarser at the posterior margin on each side of the

groove. <A pair of weak and indistinct keels runs forward

from the ocular tubercle. Median eyes widely separate as in

Nanoluthus andersoni, Poc. Grooves of the middle of the

posterior margin deeper than in NV. andersont.

Tergites with the granulation fairly strong at the sides, but

rather fine in the middle, and very fine (almost invisible)

Mr..S. Hirst on new Scorpions. 463

anteriorly in each tergite. First and second tergites with

traces of the median keel only. ‘Tergites 3-6 with three

rather short granular keels, which are restricted to the poste-

rior half of the segments ; the median one is much the

strongest and is continued forwards by a dark line.

Sternites smooth and shining except for the last one, which

is finely granular and has four weak granular keels, the outer

pair being indistinct.

Tail_—First segment of tail the widest, the last two

segments slightly narrowed. Caudal keels finely granular.

In segments 1-3 they are ten in number; the superior and

the two uppermost lateral. keels are weak in these segments,

especially in the third, the superior being weaker in the

second and third segments than in the first; median ventral

keels of second and third segments strong. In the fourth

segment the superior keel is practically absent, weak traces

of the anterior part of it alone remaining, and the superior

lateral has almost disappeared also; the median lateral and

the median ventral keels are absent. Only the inferior

lateral keels are present in the fifth caudal segment, and their

end granules are enlarged. Intercarinal spaces finely

granular ; the granulation in the middle of the ventral surface

of the fourth segment is slightly coarser than that of the

rest of the surface ; a number of the granules of the distal

end of the ventral surface of the fifth caudal segment are

enlarged, and two longitudinal, almost keel-like series of

granules, which converge at the proximal end of the segment,

run down the centre of it. Upper surface of the segments of

the tail nather weakly excavated and either quite smooth or

with a few scattered granules only ; a shallow dorsal depres-

sion is present just before the end of the fifth segment.

Vesicle very similar in shape to that of WV. anderson? ; it is of

fairly large size, but narrower than the last caudal segment,

and is smooth, shining, and punctured; a low and incon-

spicuous tubercle is present at some distance below the sting,

Chela stout. Its femur is smooth below, but the dorsal

surface is furnished with fine granules and has a weak

granular keel posteriorly and traces of an anterior keel.

‘’ibia much broader than the femur and than the hand

and devoid of granulation. Hand smooth and without any

granules ; its fingers rather short, the movable one being

about twice the length of the hand-back and. furnished with

five (?) weak series of granules (which are difficult to make

out); with the exception of the proximal series each of them

has a couple of outer granules at the proximal end and a

single large granule on the inner side.

464 My. S. Hirst on new Scorpions.

Legs.—F¥ine keels are present on the segments of the legs,

those on the patellz are the strongest.

Pectines with fifteen teeth on one side and sixteen on the

other.

Measurements in mm.—Total length 30; length of cara-

pace 3°5, of tail 17°5 ; width of first segment of tail 2°75, of

last segment 2°25.

Oolour.—Carapace fuscous, but with some small yellowish

patches; the lateral margins and the posterior grooves

yellowish. Abdominal tergites fuscous, and each of them is

marked with a pair of yellowish almost pyriform spots, one

on each side of the dark median keel; Jateral margins of

tergites also yellow. ‘Tail yellowish, but slightly darkened

in places ; the fifth segment more deeply infuscate, especially

below; lateral caudal keels mostly slightly darkened and

the ventral keels very dark in segments 2-5. Vesicle yellow,

with a very fine dark median line below and minute dark

lateral patches; the apical half of the sting black. Ap-

pendages yellow; chela with the femur slightly darkened

above and at the sides, the dorsal keels being blackish ;

tibia also slightly darkened and marked with a dark line

posteriorly below; femora and tibiz of legs with dark lines.

Material—A single example from Berbera, Somaliland;

collected by Mr. G. W. Bury.

Remarks.—This new scorpion seems to me to be most

nearly allied to Vanobuthus andersont, Poc., a species which,

so far, is only known from a single specimen from Duroor,

60 miles north of Suakin, in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.

The genital operculum is very similar in shape and size in

these two species, and they resemble one another closely in

the details of the structure of the keels and the granulation

of both trunk and tail. Nevertheless, there are important

differences between them, for a small tooth is present on the

underside of the immovable finger of the chelicera of the new

form and the chela is much stouter than in Vanobuthus,

From Butheolus, Sim., this new genus can be readily

distingnished by the fact that the anteocular area of the cara-

pace slopes forwards only very slightly and by the shape of

the tail, which is much more slender and does not increase in

size posteriorly.

Lychas (Hemilychas) alewandrinus, sp. n.

Carapace granular throughout. Superciliary crests granu-

lar ; for some distance they are continued forwards, and then

lose themselves in irregular groups of rather large granules,

Mr. S. Hirst on new Scorpions. 465

and close to the anterior margin on either side some of these

are arranged in a short keel-like series. Median keels com-

paratively well developed, especially the posterior median

pair, which are quite well marked and strong.

Yergites granular; their lateral keels very short, even in

the hinder segments, and in most of the segments they are

represented by one or two enlarged granules only.

Anterior sternites smooth and shining, and at most with fine

granulation at the extreme margin only. Penultimate sternite

granular at the sides, but the granulation is very fine except

at the margin. Last sternite granular throughout and with

four granular keels.

Tail increasing in size posteriorly ; last segment slightly

swollen. Upper surface of segments 1-4 granular ; fifth seg-

ment with the upper surface almost smooth anteriorly, but the

shallow excavated area in which the median groove of this seg-

ment loses itself posteriorly is finely granular. Intercarinal

spaces of segments 1—3 distinctly granular; the granules of

those of the fourth have run together so as to form a confused

network of low smooth ridges, and this causes the segment to

appear a little smoother than the preceding ones, but not

nearly so smooth as the fifth; the granules between the

inferior median keels of the fourth are not fused to the same

extent as those of the other intercarinal spaces of this

segment. Caudal segments 1-3 each with ten distinct

keels, those of the first and second and the upper ones of

the third being distinctly granular. Terminal granule of the

two upper keels of the first two segments slightly enlarged.

Inferior lateral and ventral keels of the third segment smooth.

With the exception of the superior all the keels of the fourth

segment are smooth, and they are weaker than those of the

preceding segments ; the keels of the two upper pairs are

especially weak and have almost disappeared; the medial

lateral is still visible in the anterior two-thirds of the segment,

but is exceedingly weak. Fifth caudal segment smooth,

shining, and without any trace of keels, but furnished with

large punctures. Vestc/e smooth, shining, and with scattered

punctures ; the tooth under the aculeus large and blunt.

Chela——Hand furnished with granules, which are distri-

buted in an irregular manner; it has two well marked finger-

keels, the part of them which is situated on the hand itself

being granular, but the part on the finger smooth; an outer

keel is also present on the dorsal surface of the hand, but it

does not reach the apical end. Movable finger more than

twice as long as the hand-back and with six median series of

granules.

466 Mr. S. Hirst on new Scorpions.

Pectines 20-21 in number.

Measurements in mm.—Total length 31; length of cara-

pace 3°75, of first segment of tail 2, of fifth segment 3°75 ;

width of first segment 2°5, of fifth 2°8.

Ooclour fawn except for the vesicle, which is a rather deep

brown and is much darker than the rest of the body; fingers

of hand pale yellow, the hand itself being fawn-coloured.

Material. — A single male example from Alexandria,

Northern Territory of Australia; collected by the late Mr. W.

Stalker, and presented to the Museum by Sir William Ingram,

Bart., and Sir John Forest.

Remarks.—In having the last segment of its tail keel-less

and punctured this new scorpion resembles the species of the

genus Lsometroides (which are restricted in distribution to

Australia), but differs from them in having a strong tooth

under the aculeus, as in Lychas. The posterior median keel

of the carapace is well developed, instead of being absent or

indistinct as is the case in all the species of Lychas that I

have been able to examine. For these reasons I am placing

this new form in a new subgenus—Jlemilychas.

Lychas ochraceus, sp. n.

Resembling ZL. pegleri, Pure., in having two enlarged

granules on the outer side of the enlarged basal granule of

the median series (so that there is a row of three granules),

also in the presence of three keels on the tergites and in the

carination of the tail &e.

I have carefully compared this new scorpion with Dr. Pur-

cell’s detailed description of L. pegler’, and can only find the

following differences :—

Colour of the new species apparently much lighter, both

trunk and tail being tawny ochraceous and without any very

distinct markings ; a pale, rather indistinct, central stripe

seems to run the length of the trunk, however. Chela

yellowish, the hand being clear yellow, but the fingers tawny.

Anterior sternttes smooth and shiny, but sternites 3-5 are

finely granular throughout (the third and fourth being

distinctly granular in the middle) ; outer keels of fifth sternite

rudimentary ; both the inner and the outer keels are finely

granular, as is the case in L. pegleri.

Pectinal teeth 10 in number; as in L. pegleri, the basal

one is very greatly enlarged.

Measurements in mm.—Total length 52°5; length of cara-

pace 3°75.

Material.—A female specimen captured at Bethulie, in the

Orange River Colony, by Miss Lettie Leppan.

ae eae

Mr, 8. Hirst on new Scorpions. 467

Babycurus ansorget, sp. n.

Carapace and tergites finely granular, as in B. centuri-

morphus, Karsch ; anterior edge of carapace almost straight.

Last sternite practically smooth, the granulation being ex-

ceedingly minute; its keels are obsolete, the granules of

which they are composed being scarcely visible (when ex-

amined under a hand-lens magnifying ten diameters).

Tail moderately stout, the fourth segment being the

widest; fifth segment narrowed posteriorly. Intercarinal

spaces very finely granular. Ventral keels weak and finely

granular ; they are a little stronger than is the case in

B. neglectus, Krpln., and even in the last segments, although

very weak, they are still visible under a hand-lens. Upper

keels considerably stronger than the ventral ones.

Hand of chela a little swollen and slightly wider than the

tibia; the finger-keel apparently absent. Movable finger

considerably longer than the hand-back ; as in B. centruri-

morphus, five median series of granules are present, besides

the long basal series and the very short apical one,

Pectines with 18 teeth.

Measurements in mm.—Total length 55; length of cara-

pace 6, of first segment of tail 3°5, of fourth 5°25, of fifth 7,

of hand-back 4°5, of movable finger 63; greatest width of

first segment of tail 3°5, of fourth 3°75, of fifth 3°5, of

hand 2°75.

Colour reddish brown (of a shade approaching the walnut-

brown given in Ridgway’s ‘ Nomenclature of Colours’).

Vesicle and the lower surface of the trunk paler in colour.

Chela and the legs also reddish brown, the hand of the chela

a little paler than the other segments, but its fingers are

black.

Material.—A female specimen, collected by Dr. W. J.

Ansorge at Dondo, N. Angola, on July 12th, 1908.

Remarks.— Allied to Babycurus centrurimorphus, Karsch,

from which it differs chiefly in colour.

Tityus funestus, sp. n.

g.—Tail about six times the length of the carapace, the

third segment equalling it in length. Posterior segments

much higher than is the case in 7. magnimanus, Poc., and

T, pococki, Hirst, the fourth, which is the highest, being very

much less than twice as long as high [in 7. magnimanus the

fourth segment in the male is abeut two and a half times as

long as high]. The shape of the upper surface of the poste-

rior segments is very different also to what it is in these two

468 Mr. 8S. Hirst on new Scorpions.

species ; at the anterior end of the upper surface of the fourth

a deep and conspicuous pit-like excavation is present.

Fourth and fifth segments much wider than the anterior ones,

the fifth being the widest. Keels almost quite as strong in

the male as in the female, but the terminal granule of

segments 2—4 is only slightly enlarged and is not so strong

as in the female [in 7’. pococki the caudal keels are distinctly

weaker in the male than in the female]. Median lateral keel

of second segment usually still discernible at the posterior end

of the segment. Median keels of ventral surface of second

segment approaching one another near the posterior end, and

sometimes touching one another, but never fused ; in the

third segment these keels are fused together posteriorly, so

as to form a single median keel, and in the fourth a median

keel similar to that of the fifth runs the entire length of the

segment, but a lateral keel is present on either side of it at

the anterior end ; similar lateral keels are sometimes present

also in the fifth. Intercarinal spaces finely but distinctly

granular.

Hand of chela very much wider than the tibia, but its

width is less than the length of the hand-back; fingers lobed,

the movable one is about one and two-thirds the length of the

hand-back.

Pectinal teeth 13-16 in number.

Movable finger of hand with fourteen rows of granules

(including the basal one).

Colour varying from reddish brown to very dark brown ;

whitish specks, similar to those present in young examples of

T. cambridgit championt, Poc., are often present on the trunk,

but they are very faint or absent in the darker examples ;

last two segments of the tail (and the vesicle also) much

darker than the anterior segments; the basal two-thirds’

of the aculeus pale; legs and chela reddish, they are

speckled in the paler examples but unicolorous in the darker

ones; fingers of the hand blackish except for the tips, which

are yellowish.

9 .—TZail very different in shape to that of the male, for it

is not incrassate posteriorly, and the posterior segments are

not nearly so high; the impression on the dorsal surface of

the fourth segment is not nearly so deep nor is it so well

defined as in the male.

Hand about as wide as the tibia and with much stronger

keels on its surface than in the male ; its movable finger is a

little more than twice the length of the hand-back, and shows

only a very slight tendency to lobation.

Measurements ir mm.—. Total length 56; length of

Mr. S. Hirst on new Scorpions. 469

carapace 6, of tail about 36, of fourth segment of tail 6°25,

of hand-back 5, of movable finger 8°25; width of first seg-

ment of tail 3°75, of fifth 4-6, of hand 4°25, of tibia of chela

2°75 ; height of fourth segment of tail 4°25.

2. Total length 55°75; length of carapace 6, of tail

about 32°5, of fourth segment of tail 5°75, of hand-back 3°5,

of movable finger 7°5; width of first segment of tail 3°5, of

fifth 3, of hand 2°5; height of fourth segment of tail 3.

Material.—A number of specimens from Chama, Venezuela,

including several adults, two of which are of the male sex.

Urodacus hillieri, sp. n.

g.—Anterior part of carapace smooth and very finely

punctured; the sides and posterior part of it finely granular.

Tergites finely granular and with the median keel very

weak and inconspicuous; as in U. hoplurus, Poc., the inner

keels of the last tergite scarcely reach the middle, but the

outer ones are very long.

Last sternite with its pair of keels exceedingly weak

and scarcely visible,} instead of being rather strong as in

U. spinatus, Poc.

Tail a little less than five times as long as the carapace ;

the upper surface and sides finely and sparsely granular, the

lower surface of the fifth segment being more distinctly

granular [in U. hoplurus the surface and sides of the tail are

quite smooth and the lower surface of the fifth segment has

cnly a few scattered granules]; terminal tooth of the superior

keel of the caudal segments very large ; it is not nearly so

erect as is the case in U, spinatus and U. hoplurus, but points

backwards. Inferior keels of anterior segments weaker than

in U. spinatus, but not so weak as in U. hoplurus. The

inferior median keels of the fourth segment smooth, instead

of being weakly granular as in U. spinatus. Vesicle finely

granular.

Hand very similar in shape to that of U. hoplurus ; it has

a row of 19 pores on the under surface (not counting those

external to the keel) and two other pores placed on the inner

side of and parallel to the first two of the row. Tibia with

14-15 pores below.

Legs.—Metatarsus of first leg with a row of 5 or 6 spineg,

that of the second with 5-7 spines.

Pectinal teeth 22-24 in number.

Measurements in mm.—TYotal length 96 ; length of cara-

pace 12, of first segment of tail 7°25, of fifth segment 13;

width of first segment 5, of fifth 3°75.

470 Mr. 8. Hirst on new Scorpions.

Colour.—Much darker than U. spinatus and U. hoplurus,

the body being walnut-brown. Chela a deep chocolate-

brown and considerably darker than the body (with the

exception sometimes of the frontal lobes of the carapace).

Legs ochraceous, the terminal segments paler than the others.

Material.—Two adult males and two young specimens

from Hermannsburg, Central Australia ; they were collected

by Mr. H. J. Hillier.

, Urodacus hoplurus, Poe.

Urodacus hoplurus, Pocock, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) p. 64 (1898).

Subsp. carinatus, nov.

Frontal lobes granular and the terminal tooth of the supe-

rior keel of the caudal segments very similar in shape and

directed upwards in a similar manner to that of the typical

form of the species. ‘This new subspecies, indeed, apparently

only differs from the typical form in the much greater strength

of the superior keel of the caudal segments (which is com-

posed of quite large and distinct granules instead of weak

and indistinct ones) and in the less inflated and slightly

narrower hand, I think that it is very probable that the

difference in the form of the hand is due to the immaturity

of the specimen.

Chela.—Under surface of hand with a row of 11 pores,

which ends in a group of 5 pores at the base of the finger.

Lower surface of tibia with a row of 11-13 pores.

Pectines with 20-21 teeth.

Measurements in mm.—Total length 76°5; length of cara-

pace 9, of fifth segment of tail 10°5, of hand-back 6°25;

width of hand 5°25.

Material_—A single example, of the male sex, captured

near Hermannsburg, Central Australia, by Mr. H.J. Hillier.

Cherilus robinsont, sp. n.

Apparently the only difference of importance by which

this new species can be distinguished from C. variegatus,

K. Sim., is the number of granular series on the edge of the

movable finger, which is Ll instead of 13-14.

As there is not a male example of the typical form of

C. variegatus in the British Museum collection, I am obliged

to compare the new species with males of the subspecies

nigricolor, Poc. Besides the difference in the number of the

rows of granules on the finger, it differs from the male of

Mr: S. Hirst on new Scorpions. 471

this subspecies in the following details, none of which seem

to me to be of much importance:—Hand a little more

swollen, its lobe not quite so well developed and with the

edge thicker ; keels of the upper surface slightly stronger ;

movable finger with a somewhat larger lobe. Upper keels

of tail slightly stronger. Colour deep reddish brown; the

upper surface of the trunk has no distinct markings, the legs,

however, are variegated ; tail rather a light reddish brown

above, and the vesicle is ochraceous except at the sides, which

are dark; hand paler than the trunk, but its keels are

blackish.

Pectinal teeth 5 in number.

Measurements in mm.—Total length 44; length of cara-

pace 6, of hand-back 5-4, of movable finger 6°25; width of

hand 6.

Material.— A single adult male, found by Mr. H,. C.

Robinson under moss on a tree at Bukit Besar, Malay Penin-

sula, on the 27th of August, 1901.

Scorpiops austerus, sp. n.

3 .— Last sternite with weak keels, which vary considerably

in strength in different specimens; in some they have almost

disappeared,

Width of hand considerably greater than the length of the

hand-back, the lobe greatly developed. Its upper surface is

furnished with numerous fine ridges, most of which have

fused with one another and form an irregular network ; these

ridges are smoother than in the female, usually they are

obsoletely granular, but sometimes quite smooth. Inner

edge of hand very different in appearance to that of S. in-

sculptus, Poc.; it is strongly compressed, and a strong keel,

which is either smooth or indistinctly granular, runs along

the distal half of it. Keel of hand-back usually weakly

granular, but sometimes smooth. Finger-keel strong and

well developed throughout its length and often quite smooth,

but sometimes (especially at the basal end) it is weakly

granular. ‘There is no trace of the weak inner crest which

is present on the lobe of the hand of S. ¢nsculptus. Movable

finger considerably longer than the hand-back. Pores of the

lower surface of the hand and tibia exactly the same in

number as in S. insculptus.

9 .—Hand narrower and its lobe less developed than that

of the male, but its width is greater than the length of the

hand-back. Its inner edge is not quite so compressed and

usually has a weaker keel than is the case in the male. ‘I'he

472 Mr. 8. Hirst on new Scorpions.

ridges on the dorsal surface of the lobe are often distinctly

but very finely granular (but sometimes they are smooth),

and usually they do not fuse together to the same extent as

in the male,

Pectinal teeth 4-6 in number.

Measurements in mm.— 8. Total length 41; length of

carapace 6, of fifth segment of tail 5°6, of hand-back 5, of

movable finger 7; width of hand 7.

?. Total length 42; length of carapace 6°75, of fifth

segment of tail 6, of hand-back 5, of movable finger 6°5 ;

width of hand 6.

Colour entirely dark.

Material.—A_ large number of specimens of both sexes

from the Kulu District, Himalayas.

S. crassimanus, Poc. (a species which so far is only known

from a single example of the female sex, without any locality),

is closely allied to S. austerus, sp. n., but the granules of the

upper surface of the hand are all separate and distinct, whilst

the finger-keel is coarsely granular and is interrupted at the

base of the finger; the other keels of the hand and tibia also

are more coarsely granular than in S. austerus. The shape

of the inner edge of the hand is very similar in these two

species.

Scorpiops tibetanus, sp. n.

3d .—Last sternite with the central keels better developed

than those of S. austerus, sp. n.; the keels of the tail also,

especially the ventral ones, are much stronger than they are

in that species or in S. crasstmanus, Poc. Inner edge of

hand compressed and furnished with a keel, the distal part of

whichis smooth ; but this keel is not nearly so well developed

as it is in the male of S. austerus. Finger-keel only very

indistinctly granular, but not so smooth as in S. auséerus.

Sculpturing of the dorsal surface of the lobe consisting of a

number of series of rather fine granules ; these series are

arranged in a reticulate fashion, but are not fused with one

another; the sculpturing is more like that of some of the

female examples of S. austerus than the males. Fingers of

hand very different in shape to those of the male of S. auste-

rus, the movable one having a much larger lobe. Keel of

the anterior edge of the upper side of the tibia and femur of

the chela stronger than in S. austerus. Pores of lower

surface of hand and tibia exactly as in S. austerus.

Pectines with 7-8 teeth.

On new Species of Anomala. 473

Measurements in mm.—Total length 59; length of cara-

pace 7°75, of fifth segment of tail 8, of hand-back 6, of

movable finger 7°5; width of hand 6°75.

Colour blackish; the hand, however (with the exception

of-the fingers and keels), is reddish brown.

Material.—A_ single adult specimen, of the male sex,

collected at the Chaksam Ferry, Tsangpo Valley, Tibet, by

Lieut.-Colonel L. A. Waddell, C.B.

Remarks.—In addition to the differences which are given

above, I may point out that this species is much larger than

S. austerus, sp.n. It can be distinguished from S. crassi-

manus, Poc., by the structure of the finger-keel, which is

almost smooth, by the presence of keels on the last sternite,

and by the greater strength of the keels of the tail.

LIX.—Some new Species of the Coleopterous Genus Anomala

from Southern India. By Gitpert J. Arrow.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

ABOUT seventy species of the enormous genus Anomala have

already been described from British India, and over sixty of

these are known to me, as well as a very large number which

are still undescribed. I hope in a future volume of the

‘Fauna of British India’ series to attempt an orderly

revision of this mass of closely related insects, whose nomen-

clature is at present in very great confusion. As this work

cannot be completed for a considerable time, 1 propose to

publish preliminary descriptions of some of the new forms,

as these are constantly sent to me for determination and it

is undasirable to circulate unpublished names.

I have received two important collections from Southern

India, one of them made by Mr. H. Leslie Andrewes in the

Nilgiri Hills, the other by M. du Breuil in Madura, the latter

collection being the property of Baron Paul de Moffarts.

The fauna of Southern India is the most purely Indian to be

found within the limits of the Empire; the species are nearly

all peculiar to that area, and in many cases form groups of

closely related forms without any known representatives

outside the area. For this reason it has not been possible to

compare many of the new species figuring here with any

others previously known.

The types of all the following species are in the British

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 32

AT4 Mr. G. J. Arrow on new Species of

Museum, which is indebted for them to Baron P. de Moffarts,

Mr. H. L. Andrewes, and Mr. H. E. Andrewes.

Anomala (Spilota) strigata, Cast., is the only hitherto

known representative of a group of closely similar South-

Indian species. Unfortunately, the scanty description is

confined to the colouring, which is almost the same in all,

and it is impossible, without an examination of the type, to

decide whether it belongs to one of the species here described

or to another of the group unknown to me. I think it wiil

not be disputed that it is desirable to describe and differen-

tiate here all the forms known to me.

The following synopsis will supply a ready means of

distinguishing the five species in question :—

1 (8). Fifth elytral interstice divided by an uninterrupted

line of punctures.

2 (5). Pygidium finely and sparsely punctured ; mesosternal

process compressed and strongly curved.

3 (4). Hind femur strongly toothed in the male, slightly

angulate in the female ....... os ebm eee armata.

A(8). Hind demursimplescs 200 task: oe eek erie ee IMNOCENS.

5 (2). Pygidium strongly punctured ; mesosternal process

slender, not compressed nor very strongly curved.

G6 (7). Sides of pronotum moderately punctured ; no median

yellow line ; mesosternal process not very slender

or sharp ...... Sones saad SENS a degenerata.

7 (6). Sides of pronotum rugosely punctured; its middle

with a broad yellow line; mesosternal process

very slender and sharp ............ Se ee

8 (1). Fifth elytral interstice incompletely divided ...... madure.

Anomala (Spilota) armata, sp. n.

Pallide flava, viridi-metallica, verticis macula lata, prothoracis

maculis duabus maximis, interdum confluentibus, scutello elytro-

rumque puncto postbasali obliquo, fascia postmediana interrupta

aliaque subapicali integra fusco-viridibus, pygidii lateribus viridi-

bus vel brunneis, viridi-cinctis ; corpus ovatum, postice modice

latum, capite dense punctato-rugoso, clypeo lato; prothorace et

scutello nitidissimis, subtilissime punctatis, illius lateribus sat

fortiter punctatis ; elytris profunde punctato-striatis, interstitiis

convexis, 5° punctorum serie integra diviso; pygidio distincte

haud confertim punctato; processu mesosternali longo, fortiter

curvato ef compresso :

dg, pedum anticorum tibia acute bidentata, ungue interno pro-

funde fisso ; pedum posticorum femore subtus fortiter lobato:

©, tibiis anticis haud acute bidentatis, femoribus posticis subtus

angulatis.

Long. 16-17 mm. ; lat. max. 8°5—-9'5 mm,

Hab. Niwariri HItts.

Anomala from Southern India. 475

Pale yellow, entirely suffused with a metallic green lustre

and decorated with dark green markings consisting of a

broad patch on the vertex of the head, a large patch on each

side of the pronotum, almost or quite extending to the front

and hind margins and sometimes coalescing in the middle,

the scutellum, an oblique basal elytial spot near it on each

side, an indefinite postmedian interrupted stripe and a zigzag

anteapical one, ‘There is a large oval patch on each side of

the pygidium, sometimes green and sometimes brown with a

green encircling ring.

The shape is oval, slightly elongate, and rather broad

towards the extremity. ‘The clypeus and forehead are densely

punctate-rugose. The prothorax and scutellum are very

shining and extremely finely and sparingly punctured, with

larger punctures at the sides of the former. he lateral

margins are gently angulated before the middle, the hind

angles nearly right angles, and the base gently lobed before

the scutellum. ‘The elytra are deeply striated, the strie

closely punctured, the interstices convex and the fifth divided

longitudinally by a continuous row of closely-set punctures.

The pygidium is very shining and finely and sparsely punc-

tured. ‘The mesosternal process is long, strongly curved,

and a little compressed. The sides of the metasternum are

closely punctured and thinly hairy. The front tibia is

strongly bidentate and the longer claw of the front and

middle feet cleft.

3d. The apical tooth of the front tibia is short, the upper

one well marked. The lower lobe of the inner front claw is

broad and angulated beyond the middle. ‘The hind femur

bears a strong blunt lobe a little before the middle of the

lower edge.

9. The apical tooth of the front tibia is long and blunt.

The hind femur bears a distinct angulation before the middle

of its lower edge.

I know of no other Anomala in which an armature of this

kind is found in the male. Whether it is A. strigata of

Castelnau it is not possible to determine.

Anomala (Spilota) innocens, sp. n.

Pallide flava, metallico-nitens, verticis macula lata, prothoracis

maculis 2 maximis interdum confluentibus, scutello, elytrorum

puncto postbasali utrinque obliquo, macula mediana vaga fascia-

que anteapicali fusco-viridibus, pygidii lateribus brunneis, viridi-

cinctis; precedenti valde similis, sed femoribus posticis simpli-

cibus :

32*

476 Mr. G. J. Arrow on new Species of

g, pedum anticorum tibia extus obtuse dentata, ungue interno

profunde fisso, lobo infero medio acute angulato,

Long. 15 mm.; lat. max. 9 mm.

Hab. ANAMALAI Hits (H. LZ. Andrewes); TRAVANCORE:

High Range (May, Trivandrum Museum).

Pale yellow, with a metallic green or purple suffusion and

decorated with dark green markings consisting of a broad

patch on the vertex, a large patch on each side of the pro-

notum, the two partially coalescing in the middle and almost

or quite reaching the front and hind margins, an oblique

elytral spot near the scutellum on each side, a vague post-

median patch and a zigzag transverse stripe near the extre-

mity. ‘here is a large brown patch on each side of the

pygidium surrounded with a green ring.

This species has the closest resemblance to A. armata,

from which it differs chiefly by the absence of the femoral

process in the male, the lower edge of the hind femur being

only very gently sinuated. The upper tooth of the front

tibia in the same sex is feeble and the lower lobe of the inner

front claw is angulated at the middle and not beyond it.

There is a marked difference in the shape of the cedeagus in

the two species.

Both sexes were found by Mr. H. L. Andrewes, and a

single male was taken by Mr. W. Davison in the same

locality many years ago.

Anomala (Spilota) degenerata, sp. n.

Pallide flava, leviter viridi-metallica, verticis macula lata, pro-

thoracis medio toto, scutello plus minusve, elytrorum nebulis

vagis, pygidiique lateribus fusco-viridibus; ovata, postice modice

lata, capite crebre subtiliter punctato-rugoso, clypeo lato ; pro-

thorace scutelloque nitidissimis, subtilissime punctatis, illius

lateribus fortius; elytris profunde punctato-striatis, interstitiis

convexis, 5° punctorum serie integra diviso; pygidio modice

punctato; processu mesosternali sat longo, curvato, vix com-

presso.

Long. 18 mm.; lat. max. 7°5 mm.

Hab. Mapura: Shembaganur (P. du Breui‘).

Pale testaceous, entirely suffused with a metallic green

lustre and decorated with dark green markings disposed

as follows:—a patch on the vertex of the head, a broad

median patch on the pronotum extending from front to hind

margin and sometimes with an incomplete narrow pale

median line, the sides or whole of the scutellum, a vague

zigzag stripe near the extremity of the elytra and sometimes

Anomala from Southern India. 477

still vaguer anterior patches near the suture, and a large oval

spot on each side of the pygidium. ‘The dorsal segments of

the abdomen are striped with black and the tarsi are dark.

The form is rather broadly ovate. The clypeus and fore-

head are densely punctate-rugose. ‘The pronotum is very

shining and finely punctured, more strongly and a little

more closely at the sides; the lateral margins are feebly

angulated before the middle, the front and bind angles are

sharp and the base is gently lobed in the middle. The

scutellum is very minutely punctured. The elytra are deeply

striated, the strize closely punctured, the interstices convex,

the fifth divided by an almost continuous row of closely- set

punctures. ‘lhe pygidium is moderately punctured. The

mesosternal process is slender and acute, not compressed nor

strongly curved. ‘The sides of the metasternum are closely

punctured and thinly clothed with yellow hair. The front

tibia is sharply bidentate and the longer claw of the front

and middle feet cleft.

3. The lower lobe of the front inner claw is dilated and

sharply angulated.

This and the following species have the pygidium strongly

punctured. It is smaller than the two preceding, but a little

larger than A. rugilatera, the pygidium and the sides of the

pronotum are rather less strongly punctured than in the

latter, and the dark patch on the thvrax is not completely

divided and frequently not at all.

Anomala (Spilota) rugilatera, sp. n.

Pallide flava, leviter viridi-metallica, verticis macula lata, pro-

thoracis maculis duabus magnis, elytrorum fascia postica in-

distincta pygidiique lateribus fusco-viridibus ; ovata, capite crebre

rugoso, clypeo lato; prothoracis lateribus subrugose punctatis,

medio cum scutello subtiliter parcissime punctulato; elytris pro-

funde punctato-striatis, interstitiis convexis, 5° punctorum serie

integra diviso; pygidio ubique fortiter punctato ; processu meso-

sternali tenui, curvato, acutissimo.

Long. 11-13 mm.; lat. max. 6-7°5 mm.

Hab. Niwerrt Hits (Sir G. F. Hampson).

Pale testaceous, entirely suffused with metallic green and

with dark green markings disposed as follows :—a bifid patch

on the vertex of the head, a longitudinal stripe on each side

of the pronotum, extending from front to hind margin, and a

large oval spot on each side of the pygidium. There is a

narrow, zigzag, transverse band just before the extremity of

the elytra, the dorsal segments of the abdomen are black-

striped, and the tarsi are dark.

478 Mr. G. J. Arrow on new Species of

This is generally a little more elongate than A. degenerata.

The clypeus and forehead are densely punctate-rugose, ‘The

pronotum is very finely punctured in the middle and coarsely

and closely at the sides, the lateral margins are angulated

just before the middle, the front and hind angles are sharp,

and the basal lobe is slight. The scutelluin is very minutely

and sparsely punctured. ‘lhe elytra are deeply striated, the

striz closely punctured, the interstices convex and the fifth

from the suture divided by an almost continuous row of

closely-set punctures. The pygidium is rather closely and

strongly punctured. The mesosternal process is extremely

slender and sharp, not compressed nor strongly curved. ‘The

metasternum is closely punctured at the sides and clothed

with tawny hair. The front tibia is sharply bidentate and

the longer claw of the front and middle feet cleft.

od. ‘The lower lobe of the inner front claw is dilated and

obtusely angulated.

This differs from all the allied species in having the

scutellum pale and a broad median yellow stripe upon the

pronotum completely dividing the dark colour into two longi-

tudinal patches. The sides of the pronotum and the pygidium

are also more coarsely punctured than in the other species.

‘The mesosternal process is exceedingly acute and slender.

Anomala (Spilota) madure, sp. n.

Pallide flava, levissime metallica, verticis macula lata, prothoracis

medio toto, scutello, elytrorum fascia postica indistincta pygidii-

que lateribus fusco-viridibus; capite crebre punctato-rugoso ;

prothorace scutelloque minutissime et parcissime punctulatis,

illius lateribus fortius irregulariter punctato, elytris profunde

punctato-striatis, interstitiis convexis, 5° antice serie punctorum

interrupta preedito ; pygidio polito, parce et minutissime punctu-

lato; processu mesosternali sat longo, valde curyato.

Long. 10°5-11°5 mm.; lat. max. 6-7 mm.

Hub. Mapura: Shembaganur (P. du Breuil).

Pale testaceous, suffused with a slight metallic lustre, with

green markings disposed as follows:—a patch on the vertex,

a broad median patch on the pronotum extending from front

to hind margin, the scutellum, a vague zigzag stripe at the

posterior end of the elytra, and a large patch on each side of

the pygidium. ‘The dorsal segments of the abdomen are

striped with black and the tarsi are dark.

It is a small shortly ovate species, very shining above and

beneath, with short pale yellow hair at the sides of the

sternum. The head is densely punctate-rugose. ‘The pro-

Anomala from Southern India. 479

thorax is extremely finely and sparsely punctured, with a

few larger punctures at the sides. ‘lhe lateral margins are

angulated before the middle and the base is subtruncate

before the scutellum, which is very finely and irregularly

punctured. ‘he elytra are deeply striated, the striz strongly

punctured, the interstices convex, the fifth having only a few

irregular punctures along the middle. The pygidium is very

smooth, with minute and scanty punctures. ‘The meso-

sternal process is slender, strongiy curved and not compressed.

I have seen only three males.

This is the smallest species of this very closely connected

group. It is almost identical in colouring with A. degenerata,

but the pygidium and sides of the pronotum are much more

finely punctured. ‘The basal lobe of the thorax is very short

and truncate, and may even appear to be almost emarginate

when seen at a certain angle. ‘he fifth interstice of the

elytra has only an incomplete row of punctures.

Anomala (Spilota) oculicollis, sp. n.

Saturate viridi-purpurea, metallica, clypei frontisque medio non-

nunquam, prothoracis lateribus (puncto elongato centrali excepto)

lineaque mediana plerumque, elytris (marginibus fascia mediana

communi maculisque indeterminatis anticis et posticis fuscis

exceptis) pygidiique linea mediana flavis, femoribus posticis

abdomineque plus minusve pallidis; corpore breyi, pygidii

lateribus corporeque subtus flavo-pilosis, capite rugoso, pro-

thorace, scutello pygidioque minute sat parce punctatis ; elytris

profunde punctato-striatis ; mesosterno breviter producto.

Long. 10-13 mm.; lat. max. 6-7-5 mm.

Hab, MADURA: Shembaganur (P. du Breuil) ; Tricarno-

POLI (ft. P. J. Castets).

Deep metallic greenish-purple, with the sides of the pro-

notum (with the exception of an elongate spot) and generally

a narrow incomplete median line, the elytra (with the excep-

tion of the sutural, external, and posterior edges, a common

median transverse fascia produced a little forwards at the

middle of each elytron, and variable markings near the ante-

rior and posterior margins, which are black or dark brown),

and a median longitudinal line upon the pygidium pale

testaceous. ‘he hind femora, abdomen, and sometimes the

tibize are variegated with yellow.

It is a small compact species, with the protherax propor-

tionally rather long. The elypeus is rather narrow, with the

forehead densely punctate-rugose. The pronotum is shining

and very finely and sparsely punctured. ‘I'he sides are gently

480 Mr. G. J. Arrow on new Species of

angulated before the middle, nearly parallel behind, the hind

angles are right angles, and the base is scarcely lobed. The

scutellum is minutely punctured, rather short and blunt.

The elytra are deeply punctate-striate, with the subsutural

interstice broad and generally completely, but sometimes

incompletely, divided by a line of deep punctures, The

pygidium is very smooth and shining, with fine and rather

scanty punctures. The mesosternal process is short and

conical, sometimes very acute, sometimes scarcely produced.

The sides of the pygidium and the body beneath are thinly

clothed with rather long yellowish hair. The front tibia is

strongly bidentate.

g. The lower lobe of the inner anterior claw is very

broad and sharply angulated at the middle of the lower edge

and the upper lobe is very small. The club of the antenna is

half as long again as in the female.

This variable species has sometimes a deceptive resem-

blance to the last one described, but may always be distin-

guished by its dark head, relatively longer prothorax, and

especially by the form of the mesosternal process. This

varies greatly, but is always short and straight and’ not

slender and curved.

Anomala gemmula, sp. n.

Supra lete viridis, subtus cum pedibus et pygidio cuprea, clypeo et

scutello plus minusye cupreis, pronoto nonnunquam leviter

metallico, elytris paulo dilutioribus; ovata, convexa, pronoti

lateribus, elytrorum apicibus, pygidio corporeque subtus albo-

pilosis, clypeo parvo, rugose punctato, fronte grosse punctata,

pronoto modice fortiter et equaliter punctato, lateribus medio

angulatis, antice convergentibus, angulis posticis obtusis, basi

medio leviter lobato, immarginato; scutello sat lato, vix punc-

tato; elytris seriato-punctatis, seriebus geminatis, interstitils

alternis latis, irregulariter punctatis ; pygidio fortiter punctato,

mesosterno producto, haud acuto, subito deflexo.

Long. 11°5-13 mm.; lat. max. 6°5-7°5 mm.

Hab. Trichinopoli (P. Rebiére, 1885); Kodeicanel (J.

Castets, 1886); Shembaganur (P. du Breuil).

Bright grass-green above, with the elytra a little lighter in

colour, the head and scutellum more or less coppery, the

pronotum sometimes slightly opalescent, the legs, pygidium,

and lower surface coppery.

It is a small, ovate, shining species, rather densely clothed

with white hair on the lower surface and the pygidium, and

with the inner edges of the eyes, the lateral margins of the

Anomala from Southern India. 481

pronotum, and the extremities of the elytra fringed with

similar hairs. ‘The clypeus is rather small, rounded and

strongly reflexed at the margin and rugosely punctured,

and the forehead is coarsely punctured. The pronotum is

rather strongly and evenly punctured, the sides angulated in

the middle, scarcely curved, the hind angles obtuse, the base

gently lobed and not margined. The scutellum is rather

broad and scarcely punctured. The elytra have several

double rows of punctures, with broad and irregularly punc-

tured spaces between. The pygidium is strongly punctured.

The mesosternum is produced into a narrow, rather com-

pressed but not acute process, which is not at all curved

but abruptly bent downwards in front of the middle cox

and sometimes nearly vertical.

g. The inner front claw forms a broad, rather sharp-

pointed lamina, very minutely cleft on its outer edge. ‘The

club of the antenna is as long as the footstalk.

Among fifteen specimens in the British Museum, the Paris

Museum, and the collection of Baron de Moffarts I have seen

no females.

The deflexion of the sternal process is a peculiar character

which I have never found elsewhere. The process is gene-

rally nearly vertical, but the angle of flexion varies and is

occasionally very obtuse.

Anomala agnella, sp. n.

Pallide testacea, supra leviter metallico-nitens, capite, prothorace

scutelloque cupreo- vel eneo-brunneis ; ovata, convexa, pronoti

lateribus, elytrorum apicibus, pygidio corporeque subtus sat longe

griseo-pilosis ; clypeo parvo, rugose punctato, fronte grosse punc-

tata, prothorace sat fortiter punctato, lateribus ante medium

angulatis, antice approximatis, angulis posticis obtusis, basi

immarginato, leviter lobato ; scutello parcissime punctato; elytris

seriato-punctatis, seriebus geminatis, interstitiis alternis latis,

irregulariter punctatis; pygidio rugose punctato; mesosterno

producto, processu recto, acuto.

Long. 10-13 mm. ; lat. max. 6-7°5 mm.

Hab. MApuRA: Shembaganur (P. du Breuil).

Pale yellow, with a very slight metallic lustre, the head,

prothorax, and scutellum coppery green or bronzy.

It is a stout-bodied ovate insect, with its greatest breadth

near the posterior end, and rather thickly clad with greyish

hair on the lower surface, the pygidium, and extremities of

the elytra. ‘he inner edges of the eyes and the lateral

margins of the pronotum are also bordered with white hairs.

482 Mr. G. J. Arrow on new Species of

The clypeus is small and rugose, the forehead coarsely punc-

tured, the pronotum strongly and rather closely punctured.

The sides of the latter are feebly angulated before the middle,

the hind angles very obtuse, and the base gently lobed before

the scutellum and not margined. The scutellum is sparingly

punctured. The elytra bear double rows of well-marked

punctures and the alternate intervals are broad and bear

similar but irregular punctures. The pygidium is closely and

rather finely punctured. ‘The mesosternal process is short,

straight, and very sharp. The mesosternum is densely

punctured at the sides and the abdomen moderately punctured

all over. ‘Ihe antennal club is rather long in both sexes and

the front tibia is strongly bidentate.

g. The inner anterior claw forms a broad sharply pointed

Jamina and is minutely cleft at the outer edge.

A. agnella is closely related to A. gemmula, which it

resembles in the clothing of whitish hair, but it is stouter and

quite differently coloured, and the sternal process is hori-

zontal.

Anomala luridicollis, sp. n.

Pallide flava, capite cuprea vel viridi-awnea, prothorace tibiisque

rufis, leviter metallicis, pygidio plerumque obscure brunneo,

corpore sat elongato, postice paulo latiori, subtus cum pygidio

longe griseo-hirto, clypeo parvo, rugoso, fronte rugose punctata,

prothorace brevi, sat crebre irregulariter punctato, lateribus

fortiter arcuatis, angulis omnibus rotundatis, basi toto mar-

ginato, trisinuato ; scutello minute punctato; elytris sat minute

et regulariter seriato-punctatis ; pygidio ineequaliter parum dense

punctato, pilis longis erectis parce vestito; mesosterno haud

producto.

Long. 11 mm., lat. max. 6 mm,

Hab. MapuRA: Shembaganur (P. du Breuil).

Pale yellow, with the head coppery or deep metallic green,

and the pronotum, scutellum, and tibiz crimson with a

metallic lustre. The body is rather elongate and parallel-

sided, with its greatest width near the posterior extremity,

the lower surface and pygidium are clothed with rather long

grey hair and the pygidium is more or less brown in colour.

‘The eyes are large, the clypeus small and rugose, with the

margin strongly reflexed and the forehead roughly and irregu-

larly punctured. ‘The pronotum is rather uniformly but not

very closely punctured, with a trace of a median groove; it

is short, with all the angles rounded off, the sides strongly

curved the base trisinuated and completely margined. ‘he

fe Se

Anomala from Southern India. 483

scutellum bears a few fine punctures. The elytra are mode-

rately closely and regularly punctured in rows. The pygi-

dium is rather strongly but unequally punctured and thinly

clothed with long erect grey hairs. ‘There is no mesosternal

process.

I have seen only male examples, in which the antennal

club is very long, the front tibia is strongly bidentate, and

the inner front claw dilated, very acute, and minutely cleft at

the outer edge.

Anomala peninsularis, sp. 0.

Viridi-cuprea, pronoti et pygidii lateribus, corpore subtus femori-

busque testaceis, tibiis tarsisque rufescentibus, pronoti pygidiique

medio plerumque viridioribus; ovata, sat elongata, modice con-

vexa, pectore dense, abdomine parce, fulvo hirsutis ; capite crebre

rugoso-punctato, clypeo late arcuato; pronoto ubique distincte

punctato, lateribus arcuatis, angulis omnibus paulo rotundatis,

basi leviter trisinuato, fere marginato; scutello minute punc-

tato; elytris fortiter et crebre seriato-punctatis; interstitio sub-

suturali lato, irregulariter punctato ; pygidio minutissime rugoso ;

mesosterno haud producto; tibiis anticis fortiter bidentatis,

tarsorum anticum et intermediorum ungue majori bifido.

Long. 14°5-16°5 mm.; lat. max. 8-9°5 mm.

Hab. Mavura: Shembaganur (P. du Breuil).

Coppery, with the pronotum and pygidium generally

darker and more green, their lateral margins, as well as the

lower surface of the body and the femora, yellow, the tibize

and tarsi reddish brown. The head and clypeus are densely

and rugosely punctured, the latter broadly rounded in front.

The pronotum is evenly and moderately strongly punctured,

its sides are rounded, the angles distinct but not sharp, and

the base very gently trisinuate, with a margin defined in the

middle by irregular punctures but not by a stria. The

scutellum bears a few fine punctures. ‘The elytra are strongly

and closely punctured, most of the punctures forming longi-

tudinal rows, but with a broad subsutural space which is

irregularly punctured. ‘The pygidium is microscopically

rugose. ‘The metasternum is densely punctured and thickly

clothed with tawny hair, and the abdomen is finely and

sparingly punctured, with a few sete only. The meso-

sternum is not produced. The front tibia is strongly bi-

dentate and the larger claw of the front and hind tarsi cleft.

$. ‘The inner anterior claw is broad, sharply angulated

near the base, and acute at the tip.

484 Mr. G. J. Arrow on new Species of

Anomala carneola, sp. n.

Pallide flava, capite, prothorace, pedibus corporeque subtus leviter

viridi- vel rufo-cupreis, elytris plerumque levissime erubescenti-

bus ; sat breviter ovata, convexa, postice lata, pectore sat dense

flavido-hirto ; capite punctato-rugoso, clypeo fere semicirculari,

margine alte reflexo, vertice et pronoto fortiter sat crebre punc-

tatis, hujus lateribus medio angulatis, angulis anticis fere rectis,

posticis obtusis, basi omnino marginato, leviter trisinuato ;

scutello minute punctato; elytris crebre punctato-striatis ;

pygidio, sterno abdomineque crebre punctatis; tibiis anticis

fortiter bidentatis.

Long. 12-13°5 mm.; lat. max. 7-7°5 mm.

fab. Niueirt His (/7. L. Andrewes).

Pale testaceous, with a very faint rosy tinge, the head and

pronotum coppery or coppery green. There are usually

vague dark markings upon the hind femora and the posterior

part of the abdomen.

The form is short and ovate, with the greatest breadth

behind the middle of the elytra. The clypeus and forehead

are rugosely punctured, the clypeus nearly semicircular, with

its margin strongly reflexed. The vertex and pronotum are

rather strongly punctured. ‘he sides are angulated about

the middle, the front angles nearly right angles , the hind

angles obtusely rounded, the base gently sinuated and entirely

margined. The scutellum is minutely punctured and the

elytra bear closely packed impressed rows of rather larger

punctures. The pygidium, metasternum, and abdomen are

closely and evenly punctured, and the mesosternum is not

produced. The front tibia is bidentate and the larger claw

of the front and middle feet is cleft.

6. The antennal club is moderately long, the last ventral

segment scarcely punctured, and the inner front claw broad,

acute, and cleft.

Anomala semicnea, sp. n.

Obscure zenea, vel nigro-viridis, elytris, pedibus abdomineque rufo-

castaneis, nonnunquam leviter viridescentibus; parum elongata,

aut convexa, postice lata, pygidio, pedibus corporeque subtus

longe griseo- -pilosis ; ; capite grosse punctato, elypeo lato, antice

fere recto, pronoto modice, lateribus fortius, punctato, marginibus

lateralibus medio angulatis, angulis anticis fere rectis, posticis

obtusis, basi subtiliter arcuato, immarginato; scutello minute

punctato ; elytris striatis, striis interstitiisque nonnullis punctatis ;

pygidio densissime rugoso-punctato, metasterni lateribus abdo-

mineque fortiter punctatis.

Long. 9-11 mm. ; lat. max. 5-65 mm.

Anomala from Southern India. 485

Hab. Niverrt Hints (4000-6000 feet, April and May).

Deep metallic green or coppery green, with the elytra,

abdomen and legs chestnut-red, often with a very faint

metallic tinge.

This is a small, not very convex, species, with the pro-

thorax short and not broad and tle elytra dilating from the

shoulders almost to the extremities. The pygidium and the

whole lower surface are clothed with rather long erect grey

hair. The clypeus is broad, ragosely punctured, and nearly

straight in front, the forehead ‘coarsely punctured, the pro-

notum moderately finely in the middle and a little more

coarsely at the sides. ‘he outer margins are angulated at

the middle, the front angles nearly right angles, the hind

angles obtuse, the base very gently curved and not mar: gined,.

The scutellum is minutely punctured. The elytra are deeply

but unevenly striated, with moderately fine punctures in the

striz and upon the alternate interstices, which are broader

than the rest. ‘The pygidium is very finely and densely

punctured, the sides of the metasternum strongly and closely

and the abdomen coarsely and sparingly. There is no meso-

sternal process. ‘The front tibiz are strongly bidentate and

the larger claw of the front and middle tarsi is cleft.

g. The front inner claw is broad, abruptly angulated near

the middle of the lower edge, acute and strongly bifid.

A series of males, without females, has been taken by

Mr. H. L. Andrewes.

Anomala mus, sp. n.

Pallide flava, fronte, pronoti medio, humeris, pygidii punctis 4

lateralibus, corpore subius pedibusque partim nigro-zneis vel

nigro-cupreis; parva, ovata, postice lata, subtus parce hirsuta,

capite punctato-rugoso, clypeo fere semicirculari; pronoto nitido,

fortiter et s#qualiter, haud crebre punctato, lateribus valde

arcuatis, angulis anticis fere rectis, posticis obtusis, basi leviter

arcuato, linea marginali subobsoleta; scutello parce punctato ;

elytris grosse seriato-punctatis ; pygidio grosse sat crebre punc-

tato ; metasterni lateribus crebre, abdomine minus crebre, punc-

tatis ; mesosterno haud producto; tibiis anticis fortiter bidentatis,

pedum anticum et intermediorum ungue majori fisso.

Long. 6°5-8°5 mm. ; lat. max. 4-5 mm.

Hab. Niuatirt Hits (6000 feet) ; Mapura: Shemba-

ganur.

Pale yellow, with the posterior part of the head, pronotum

(except a lateral border, enclosing a dark spot, and a narrower

front and hind border, ‘and sometimes an incomplete narrow

median line), the extreme edges of the elytra and a humeral

486 Mr. G. J. Arrow on new Species of

spot on each, two spots on each side of the pygidium, the

lower surface, and parts of the legs coppery or greenish

black.

A variety occurs in which the dark-coloured areas have

extended and broad longitudinal dark bands appear at tlie

suture and sides of the elytra and from the shoulder to the

apex, leaving only a narrow thoracic margin, the scutellum,

and two ill-defined stripes on each elytron pale. The

Madura specimens are all of this variety.

It is small, ovate, and only sparingly hairy beneath. The

head is rugose and the clypeus rather broadly rounded. The

pronotum is very shining, strongly and rather evenly, but not

thickly, punctured. The sides are strongly rounded, the

front angles nearly right angles, the posterior angles very

obtuse, and the base gently rounded, with a marginal line

which is almost obsolete in the middle. The scutellum bears

a few punctures and the elytra are rather strongly punctured

in impressed rows. ‘The pygidum is coarsely and rather

rugosely punctured. The mesosternum is not produced.

The metasternum is strongly punctured and thinly hairy at

the sides and the abdomen strongly but sparsely punctured.

The front tibiz are strongly bidentate and the larger claw of

the front and middle feet cleft.

@. The inner front claw is broad, acute, and minutely

cleft at the upper edge.

Males of this little species were found by Mr. Andrewes

flying in swarms over grass during the daytime.

Anomala (Singhala) polymorpha, sp. n.

Lete flava, supra aureo-nitens, prothorace elytrisque concoloribus,

vel partim vel toto nigris; ovata, parum convexa; capite fortiter

punctato ; prothorace subtiliter parce punctato, lateribus arcuatis,

angulis anticis acutis, posticis nullis, basi leviter arcuato, angus-

tissime marginato; scutello punctato; elytris sat fortiter et

eequaliter seriato-punctatis, punctulis minutissimis nonnullis

sparsis; pygidio fortiter punctato; metasterno abdomineque

grosse punctatis, vix pilosis; tibiis anticis fortiter bidentatis,

tarsorum anticum et intermediorum unguibus profunde fissis :

3, clypeo antice subito dilatato, valde reflexo, margine fere recto ;

tarsis anticis crassis, ungue majore dilatato:

9, clypei angulis rotundatis, elytrorum margine externa ante

medium paulo dilatata et plicata.

Long. 7-5-8 mm. ; lat. max. 4 mm.

Hab. Nitairt Hits.

It is a comparatively large species of similar form to

Anomala from Southern India. 487

A, heller’, Oliaus, but distinguished by its pale ground-

colour and metallic lustre. The head and clypeus are more

strongly, and the pronotum much more lightly, punctured.

Five specimens of this species taken by Mr. H. L.

Andrewes are all different in colour. All have a yellow -

ground-colour, with a slight golden lustre upon the upper

surface.

(a) is a female entirely yellow, with the head and pronotum

a little more orange.

(5) is a female with a vague crescentic brown mark on

each side of the pronotum.

patch in the middle of the pronotum, the suture (narrowly),

the basal (broadly) and external margins of the elytra and

the basal segments of the abdomen dark.

(d) is a female with the head behind the eyes, the pronotum

(except the lateral margins), and the elytra dark.

(e) is a female with the elytra alone dark.

It is oval, not very convex, and almost devoid of hairy

clothing. ‘The head and clypeus are rather strongly but not

rugosely punctured, the pronotum very lightly and sparingly

punctured and shining, with the sides and base gently

rounded, the latter very narrowly margined and the hind

angles obsolete. ‘The scutellum is distinctly punctured and

the elytra bear rows of rather close strong punctures. The

pygidium is strongly and moderately closely, the metasternum

very coarsely, and the abdomen rather strongly, punctured.

The front tibia is strongly bidentate and the longer claw of

the front and middle feet cleft.

I am unable to retain Singhala as a distinct genus, its only

distinctive feature being found in one sex alone, viz., the

form of the clypeus of the male, which reappears in almost

the same shape in Anomala dorsalis, '., and other unrelated

species.

In addition to the new species just described, the following

species of Anomala were also found in the same districts of

Southern India :—

A, varicolor, Gyll.—Nilgiri Hills and Shembaganur.

This is a very widely distributed form.

A. elata, F—Nilgiri Hills. This is probably not syno-

nymous with A. varians, Oliv., the identity of which

is not at all certain,

488 Major T. Broun on new

A, olivier’, Sharp.—Nilgiri Hills. Closely related to the

preceding.

. communis, Burm.—Nilgiri Hills.

A, ignicollis, Blanch.—Nilgiri Hills.

A. globulosa, Sharp.—Nilgiri Hills.

. (Spilota) regina, Newm.—Nilgiri Hills.

LX. — Notes on the Coleopterous Family Pselaphide of

the Group Faronini of New Zealand, with Descriptions

of new Species. By Major T. Broun, F.E.S.

In the new ‘ Coleopterorum Catalogus’ published by Herr

Junk of Berlin, in February 1911, the following genera

are placed almost successively at the head of the Pselaphidee :

Patreus, Broun, Euwetrarthra, Broun, first and second,

Sagoia, Sharp, being fifth. This last genus comprised, at

that time, forty-seven species ; four of these were described

by Dr. Sharp, four by M. Raffray, one by Herr Reitter of

Vienna, and the remaining thirty-eight by myself. The

description of another species is in possession of the New

Zealand Institute for publication, so that the fifteen new

species now added make a total of sixty-three.

The search for these minute but attractive insects has

been pretty steadily carried on for upwards of thirty years,

but, notwithstanding my efforts, a great proportion of the

species are still represented by single specimens only. In

a few cases as many as five or six have been obtained

amongst decaying leaves in the forests ; most of the rare ones

were found singly on the underside of logs.

Owing to the kindness of M. Raffray, the author of

Wytsman’s fine work on the Pselaphide, | have now been

able to inspect every species of Sagola except two, and of

these last I possess M. Raffray’s figures and descriptions.

In former years, when less than a dozen species had been

brought to our knowledge, the descriptive work was a com-

paratively easy matter, now it is just the reverse, so that

there is no exaggeration in the statement that the careful

comparison and detailed description of any single ordinary

species fully occupy an entire day. The brief diagnoses of

the older species, omitting as they did many essential details

of form and sculpture, if repeated in the cases of new species,

Species of Pselaphide from New Zealand. 489

would be almost worthless for the purpose of identification ;

but as most of them are really beautiful objects under a

microscope, the prolonged study now necessary for the

determination of species is not an altogether unwelcome

task.

Experience proves that many species are confined to very

limited areas. The extermination therefore of these harmless

little creatures during the progress of settlement will, I feel

sure, be sincerely regretted by all naturalists, most of all by

our successors.

T. Broun.

Mount Albert,

Auckland, N.Z.,

25th July, 1911.

List of Species described herein.

3361, Sagola puncticeps. | 3369. Sagola longicollis.

3362. ,, — laticeps. | 3370. ,, puncticollis.

3363. ,, angulifer. | 3371. ,, auripila.

3364. , nitida. 3372. ,, crassicornis.

3365. 4 cognata. 3373. 4, guinnessi.

3366. ,, diversa. 3374. ,, connata.

3367. ,, — latistriata. 3375. ,, longipennis.

8368. ,, basalis.

3361. Sagola puncticeps, sp. n.

Elongate, shining, body entirely dark fusco-rufous, legs

pale chestnut-red, tarsi and palpi flavescent; pubescence

greyish, rather scanty, thicker on the hind body.

Head moderately convex, nearly as wide as the thorax,

almost obliquely narrowed behind the eyes; antennal

tubercles slightly elevated, but only in front, rather more

closely and distinctly punctured than the other parts;

frontal channel deep and moderately broad, extending as far

as the back of the eyes, occipital fover rather large,

Thorax cordate, its length and breadth about equal, widest

before the middle, apparently impunctate ; the median im-

pression large, irregularly subquadrate, the small basal

toveze not distinctly separated from it; lateral fovezs large,

extending from the base to the middle. lyétra slightly

longer than the thorax, obviously broader behind than at the

base, their apices truncate; sutural strize broad and deep,

the dorsal composed of a basal puncture and an elonga‘e

impression which reaches backwards to the middle; near the

sides and apices some fine shallow punctures are discernible,

and across the front face of the basal margin there is a series

of distinct punctures. J/ind body rather longer than the

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 33

490 Major T. Broun on new

elytra, the third visible segment slightly longer, but not

broader, than the second, the first shorter and without minute

scales, terminal segments somewhat deflexed and, together,

broadly subtriangular.

T.bie finely pubescent, the intermediate and_ posterior

rather more dilated and arched externally, below the middle,

than the anterior.

Antenne stout, rather longer than the head and thorax,

with outstanding greyish hairs; basal joint distinctly

punctate, rufous, longer than the second and third, the

former thick, longer than broad, but not globular, the latter

small, yet longer than broad, somewhat obconical; joints

4-6 oblong and nearly equal, seventh and eighth rather

shorter; ninth and tenth transverse, broader than preceding

ones, eleventh a little longer than the penultimate.

Underside finely pubescent. Head with a large, sub-

quadrate, central cavity. Abdomen finely punctate, fifth

segment shorter than the fourth, the sixth in the middle,

rather longer than fifth, strongly rounded, finely margined,

and slightly depressed behind, the terminal semicircular,

with thick margins.

In S. misella, 248, the head is hardly at all narrowed

behind the eyes, and it is much less convex than that of

S. puncticeps. The female of S. prisca may be distinguished

by its longer elytra and subglobular second joint of the

antenne. Both of these belong to another section of the

genus, S. puncticeps being placed near S. duplicata, 1581.

Length 23; breadth $ mm.

Tairua, Auckland. My specimen was found on the under-

side of a log during 1875, and had been set aside as a

variety of S. misella, a species I had not seen and which,

most likely, had been found by Mr. Edwards at Hokitika.

3362. Sagola laticeps, sp. n.

Nitid, dark fusco-rufous, elytra light sanguineous, legs

pale infuscate, tarsi and palpi yellow, antenne rufescent ;

pubescence suberect, elongate and conspicuous on the elytra

and abdomen, more slender elsewhere, yellowish.

Head subtrigonal, as broad behind as the widest part of

the thorax, with slightly prominent eyes, its hind angles

obtuse ; frontal channel only moderately deep, slightly

medially angulate, with an indistinct slender stria proceeding

backwards from it, occipital fovee distinct, antennal tubercles

a little elevated in front; the sides, behind the eyes, with

greyish cilia, Zhorax subcordate, widest and_ strongly

Species of Pselaphide from New Zealand. 491

rounded at, and before, the middle, of about equal length

and breadth ; the median impression large and subquadrate,

basal fovea small and punctiform, the lateral fovea deep,

but hardly extending as far as the middle. Hlytra nearly a

third broader than long, a good deal narrowed towards the

base, which is slightly depressed, obsoletely punctate near

the sides; sutural strive broad and deep, the dorsal divided

near the middle, there are no basal punctures between the

strie. Hind body quite a third longer than the elytra, the

second and third visible segments equal, each longer than

the first, the terminal ones, together, subtriangular and much

paler than the others.

Legs elongate and slender, tibize nearly straight.

Antenne rather longer than the head and thorax, with

slender elongate hairs ; basal joint red, stout and cylindric,

quite the length of the second and third combined, second

thick, oblong, not globular, third small yet distinctly longer

than broad, gradually narrowed towards its base ; joints 4-6

longer than broad, nearly oviform, seventh and eighth

shorter but slightly broader, narrowed apically, ninth and

tenth transverse, eleventh longer than tenth.

Underside reddish. Head with a deep transverse de-

pression behind the middle, its hind angles not foveate.

Abdomen distinctly pubescent, its fourth segment slightly

longer than third, the first concealed, fifth nearly as long as

the preceding, sixth deeply emarginate in the middle, the

supplementary segment subconical.

The hind angles of the head are much less prolonged out-

wardly than in S. eminens, 2724, and its close allies, the eyes

are distinctly smaller, the elytra shorter and more narrowed

anteriorly, and the basal punctures between the sutural and

dorsal striew of S. castanea are absent. ‘The head is more

trigonal than that of S. major, the eyes are evidently smaller,

the elytra are shorter and obviously narrowed towards the

base, there are no minute brassy squame on the first visible

dorsal segment, and the coloration 1s entirely different.

6. Length 22; breadth 2 mm.

Greymouth. One of the last beetles sent to me by Mr. J,

H. Lewis.

3363. Sagola angulifer, sp. n.

Subdepressed, nitid; head and thorax rufous, elytra and legs

fulvescent, abdomen castaneous, tarsi and palpi yellow; the

pubescence yellow, slender and decumbent on the head and

thorax, suberect and conspicuous on the elytra and abdomen,

this last with some coarser upright sete.

33*

492 Major T. Broun on new

Head broadly trigonal, its hind angles directed outwardly

beyond the widest part of the thorax, antennal tubercles

somewhat flattened ; the frontal channel is deep, moderately

broad, and extends as far as the back of the eyes, and a fine

stria proceeds further back, the occipital foveze are small.

Thorax convex, quite as broad as it is long, cordate, widest

and strongly rounded near the front, much contracted behind ;

median depression subquadrate, basal fovez small and

punctiform, lateral foveze deep but not prolonged as far

forwards as the middle, on the centre of the disc there is an

abbreviated linear impression. lytra hardly any longer

than the thorax, a third broader than long, a good deal

narrowed towards the base ; sutural strie deep and broad,

the dorsal ones much shorter and not distinetly punctate or

divided, there are no punctures between the striz. Hind

body nearly double the length of the elytra, the second and

third exposed segments about equal, the terminal attenuate,

with a short appendage at each side.

Antenne rufescent, longer than the head and thorax, with

slender outstanding pubescence ; basal joint cylindric, second

stout, fully half the length of the first, slightly narrowed

near the base, third small, rather longer than broad, nearly

oval ; joints 4—6 oblong, seventh and eighth slightly broader,

conical, ninth and tenth transversely quadrate, eleventh

longer than the penultimate.

Underside rufescent, finely punctate, with conspicuous

vestiture. Hind angles of the head transversely concave

throughout, the middle transversely bi-impressed and obli-

quely ciliate. Third and fourth ventral segments, singly,

slightly longer than the fifth, which is truncate at the

extremity, sixth short, the supplementary oblong, rather

narrow, with a separate appendage at each side.

Resembles S. eminens, 2724, but more slender, with less

robust legs and antenne. The hind angles of the head are

rather more acuminate and outwardly prolonged, and the

basal foveee are smaller. In 2724 the elytra are less nar-

rowed towards the base, the suture is minutely sculptured,

the dorsal striz are divided into two nearly equal portions,

and there is no median stria on the thorax.

6+ Length 24; breadth 3 mm.

Waimarino. I found a single individual, at an altitude

of 2700 feet, in January 1909,

3364. Sagola nitida, sp. n.

Shining, castaneo-rufous, legs and antenne paler, tarsi

Species of Pselaphide from New Zealand. 493

and palpi yellow; pubescence greyish yellow, slender, sub-

erect behind.

Head nearly as large as the thorax, moderately curvedly

narrowed behind the eyes, posterior angles obtuse, antennal

tubercles a little elevated but flattened towards the front;

the median channel deep, extending nearly to the base but

narrower there than it is between the eyes, occipital fovese

small and punctiform ; eyes slightly prominent. Thorax

subcordate, widest near the middle, slightly broader than

long ; median depression subquadrate, basal foveee small and

punctiform, the lateral large and deep and extending for-

wards to the middle. lytra nearly quite flat, not double

the length of the thorax, fully as broad behind as they are

long, moderately narrowed before the middle ; sutural strize

somewhat contracted near the base and finely tripunctate

there, alongside each there are two, or three, basal punctures,

apparently not a constant character ; the dorsal strize do not

reach the smooth base and consist of two basal punctures and

a large impression behind these. Jind body slightly longer

than the elytra, the first visible segment is much shorter than

the next and bears some minute brassy scales, fourth con-

siderably narrowed apically, fifth prominent, horizontal and

narrow.

Legs moderately elongate ; tibiz straight inwardly, slightly

arched externally.

Antenne as long as the head and thorax, with long slender

pubescence ; basal joint rather longer, than the second and

third combined; second thick, quite as long as broad, sub-

ovate, third very small and subglobular; joints: 4-8 about

equal, as long as they are broad but distinctly contracted

apically so as to appear laxly articulated, ninth and tenth

slightly broader, transverse, the terminal rather longer.

Underside apparently impunctate, clothed with distinet

yellow hairs. Head with a broad central depression, without

cilia. Fourth ventral segment very slightly longer than the

third ; fifth rather shorter, feebly medially impressed, trun-

cate behind ; sixth short, also truncate, supplementary segment

narrow, rounded apically, somewhat concave along the

middle.

S. puncticeps is at once distinguishable by the deflexed

terminal dorsal segment and the punctate, though similarly

formed head. 8S, duplicata, near which this should be

placed, may be recognized almost at a glance by the very

obsolete, or entirely absent, occipital fovee.

6. Length 24; breadth ? mm.

Greymouth, When first received from Mr. J. H. Lewis

494 Major T. Broun on new

I thought this might be the female of S. laticeps, but after

careful scrutiny it proves to be of the opposite sex and

referable to a different section of the genus.

3365. Sagola cognata, sp. n.

Subdepressed, rather narrow, shining ; light chestnut-red,

elytra and legs a little paler, tarsi and palpi testaceous ;

pubescence greyish, rather thin.

Head scarcely as large as the thorax, nearly straight

behind the eyes, with obtuse angles; frontal channel deep,

only moderately broad, a little narrowed behind and prolonged

nearly to the base, occipital fovece small. Thorax subcordate,

of about equal length and breadth, widest and somewhat

incrassate at the middle ; median depression large, deep, and

subquadrate, basal fovez punctiform and small, lateral fovez

comparatively small, with a well-marked groove proceeding

from each nearly to the front. /ytra almost flat, rather

longer than broad, moderately narrowed before the middle, a

third longer than the thorax ; sutural striz deep, indistinetly

punctate near the base, with a distinct basal puncture near

each, dorsal striz well marked, quadripunctate, and extending

backwards as far as the middle; their surface not perfectly

smooth but without definite punctation. J/ind body a third

longer than the elytra, minutely punctured ; the third visible

segment rather longer than the second, which is distinetly

longer than the first ; the fourth and fifth, together, sub-

triangular, nearly horizontal, and paler than the others.

Tibiz slightly curved externally, tarsi moderately short.

Antenne not longer than the head and thorax, with

elongate slender hairs ; basal joint red, thick, twice as long

as broad ; second also stout, subglobular, as is the small third ;

fourth slightly longer than broad, oviform ; fifth and sixth

loosely articulated, slightly dilated and widest in the middle ;

seventh and eighth nearly similar but shorter; ninth and

tenth rather broader, quite transverse ; eleventh rather longer

than the penultimate.

Underside pubescent. Head with a transverse depression

in the middle. Sixth ventral segment simple.

Most nearly related to S. brevitarsis, 1579, but in it the

third antennal joint is almost obconical and nearly as long

as the fourth, which latter is hardly half as broad in front as

it is at the base, the head is rather broader, and the thorax

is wider before the middle, &e.

3. Length 2}; breadth 1 mm.

‘Lairua. A single female found on the underside of a log

about thirty-six years ago.

Species of Pselaphidee from New Zealand. 495

3366. Sagola diversa, sp. n.

Elongate, rather narrow, subdepressed, nitid ; pale casta-

neo-rufous, legs testaceous ; with scanty greyish pubescence.

Head slightly rounded behind the eyes, with obtuse angles ;

antennal tubercles moderately elevated, subcontiguous and

obliquely truncate in front; occipital fovee punctiform but

well marked, the frontal channel deep, moderaiely broad,

wider in front than behind and not reaching the base.

Thorax subcordate, rather broader than long, widest near the

middle, more narrowed in front than it is at the base;

median depression deep, subrotundate, basal punctures dis-

tinet, the lateral foveze rather small but prolonged as well-

marked grooves nearly to the front. H/ytra a third longer

than broad, evidently longer than the thorax, a little narrowed

before the middle, their punctation shallow and indefinite ;

sutural strize normal, indistinctly punctate, with an elongate

basal puncture near each, dorsal strie elongate, apparently

sexpunctate. ind body a third longer than the elytra, the

first three visible segments gradually increase in length, the

second has a shaJlow median fovea, the fourth and fitth are

nearly horizontal. TZibie nearly straight.

Antenne hardly the length of the head and thorax ; basal

joint twice as long as broad, second stout, rather longer than

broad, narrowed towards the base, the next of similar form,

but much smaller; joints 4-8 nearly equal, not any longer

than broad, submoniliform, ninth and tenth broader, trans-

versely quadrate, the terminal conical, rather longer than the

penultimate.

This is somewhat similar to S. cognata, but more elongate,

with more slender legs and differently formed antenne.

The head is rather smaller, and the frontal channel almost

cuneiform. ‘The elytra and hind body are narrower, and the

sculpture differs.

Length 22; breadth } mm.

Midhirst, near Mount Egmont. The only example I

possess was found under a log about twenty-five years ago.

3367. Sagola latistriata, sp. n.

Elongate, medially narrowed, slightly convex, shining ;

head, thorax, and basal joint of antenne rufous, abdomen

castaneous, elytra, legs, and antenne more or less rufo-

fulvous, tarsi and palpi yellow; pubescence yellowish,

elongate and suberect, thicker on the abdomen, which also

bears some long upright sete.

496 Major T. Broun on new

Head moderately convex, nearly as large as the thorax,

slightly narrowed behind the eyes, with rounded angles ;

frontal channel deep, angulate between the eyes, acuminate

towards both extremities, and therefore somewhat diamond-

shaped, it extends as far as the back of the eyes, occipital

fovece moderately large and reaching the base. Thorax

cordate, about as long as it is broad, widest before the middle,

not abruptly narrowed behind; median depression sub-

quadrate, the basal pair of punctures distinct, lateral fovex

extending forwards to the middle. /lytra hardly any longer

than the thorax, rather short, slightly broader than long,

considerably narrowed towards the base ; sutural striz very

broad and deep near the base, so that their outer borders and

the suture seem somewhat elevated, dorsal strize also deep,

consisting of a basal puncture and elongate impression.

Hind body nearly double the length of the elytra, rather

broader, segments 1-3 slightly increase, fourth and fifth well

developed but deflexed.

Legs stout ; tibiee arched externally ; tarsi elongate.

Antenne as long as the head and thorax, with elongate

greyish hairs; basal joint cylindric, almost as long as the

following three combined, second thick and rather longer

than broad, suboviform, third nearly similar in shape but

only half its size; fourth slightly longer than fifth, both

evidently longer than broad, joints 6-8 slightly successively

shortened and more or less contracted in front, ninth and

tenth rather broader, transverse, eleventh longer than tenth,

conical,

Underside rufo-castaneous. Head medially transversely

depressed. Metasternum rather short and convex. Abdomen

distinctly pubescent, its fourth segment slightly longer than the

third, fifth slightly but widely incurved behind, sixth nearly

the length of the fifth, the supplementary broadly conical.

In some respects like 2470, the female of S. laminata, but

with its smaller eyes situated further from the back of the

head, much stouter legs, larger thorax, &c. S. lineata, 2719,

comes nearer, but this is differentiated therefrom by the

basal joint of the antenne, quite differently sculptured head,

much shorter elytra, with much broader and deeper strie,

and more robust legs.

6. Length 24; breadth quite } mm.

Ligar’s Bush, Papakura. My specimen was found amongst

leaves on the ground.

3368. Sagola basalis, sp. n.

Elongate, narrowed anteriorly, subdepressed, shining;

Species of Pselaphide from New Zealand. 497

head and thorax rufous, hind body more castancous, elytra

and legs rufo-fulvous, tarsi and palpi yellow; pubescence

greyish, thinly distributed.

Head slightly narrower than thorax, nearly straight, and

with obtuse angles, behind the rather small prominent eyes,

obliquely, not abruptly, narrowed anteriorly; antennal

tubercles but little elevated and subcontiguous, frontal

channel deep, moderately broad, and extending as far as the

back of the eyes, occipital foves distinct and slightly

elongated. Thorax cordate, as long as broad, widest before

the middle, considerably and somewhat abruptly contracted

behind; its median depression deep and subquadrate, basal

punctures distinct, and placed close to the hind angles and

median depression, lateral fovese deep but hardly reaching

the middle of the sides. Zlytra about a third longer than

the thorax, as long as they are broad, a good deal narrowed

before the middle, nearly flat; sutural striz moderately

broad and deep, indistinctly punctate near the base, dorsal

strie divided, the basal part punctiform, the other elongate,

there are no punctures between the strie. Hind body a

third longer, and in the middle rather broader than the elytra,

finely punctate, the penultimate segment quite distinctly so,

second and third visible segments almost equal, first rather

shorter, the terminal ones somewhat deflexed.

Legs elongate, moderately slender, tibiz nearly straight.

Antenne as long as the head and thorax, rather slender,

with elongate pubescence ; basal joint cylindric, nearly the

length of the following three united; second slightly longer

than broad, subovate, but contracted at the base; third ovi-

form, small, yet slightly longer than broad ; fourth and fifth

oblong, equal ; joints 6-8 a little broader than the preceding

ones, gradually shortened, loosely articulated; ninth and

tenth rather broader, transversely quadrate; the terminal

conical and acuminate.

Underside pubescent, fourth and fifth ventral segments

more distinctly punctured than the basal ones, 2-5 subequal,

sixth obtusely triangular, its whole central portion concave,

the supplementary indistinctly defined.

This should be located near S, elongata, 2472, the thorax,

behind the middle, is rather sharply marked off at the sides

from the lateral foveze. ‘The lieadis longer and more convex,

and evidently more prolonged and narrowed anteriorly. The

antenne are more slender, differently formed, and have

acuminate terminal joints. ‘The type of 2472 is probably a

male, the first exposed dorsal segment having minute

squame.

498 Major T. Broun on new

3. Length 22; breadth % mm.

Paparoa Bush, near Howick. My specimen was found on

the underside of a log.

3369. Sagola longicollis, sp. n.

Elongate, rather narrow, slightly transversely convex,

nitid; head and thorax fusco-rufous, abdomen castaneous,

elytra and legs paler but not fulvescent, tarsi and palpi

yellowish ; pubescence greyish yellow, not very thick, almost

decumbent, mingled with a few erect, longer hairs on the

hind body.

Head as wide as the thorax in line with the prominent

eyes, slightly narrowed behind, with obtuse angles; frontal

channel moderately broad, nearly as broad between the

slightly raised antennal tubercles as it is behind, but not

extending further back than the middle of the eyes, basal

fovee very distinct, rotundate. Thorax oviform, nearly

twice as long as broad, widest at the middle; median de-

pression subrotundate, basal foveze minute, the lateral ones

deep but not extending forwards beyond the middle. Elytra

oblong, a third longer than the thorax, their sides very

gently rounded and a little narrowed near the base; sutural

striz only moderately deep, indistinctly tripunctate at the

base, with a small basal puncture near each, dorsal strize

distinctly divided, the basal part punctiform, the other

longer. Hind body hardly as long or broad as the elytra,

first visible segment evidently shorter than the next, third

slightly longer, yet scarcely as long as the fourth, the

terminal small.

Tibie slightly curved and dilated outwardly below the

middle; basal two joints of the anterior tarsi, together,

rather shorter than the third, distinctly separated, the second

shorter above than below.

Antenne rather shorter than the head and thorax, with

elongate pubescence ; basal joint thick, not twice as long as

broad, second also stout but subglobular, third very small

and rounded; fourth and fifth similar to the second but

smaller, joints 6-8 broader than long, rather broader than

the preceding ones, ninth and tenth transverse, broader than

eighth, eleventh conical.

Underside pubescent. Head with a transverse depression

between the front part of the eyes. Basal three exposed

ventral segments thinly fringed at the extremity, 2-4

gradually become longer, fifth distinctly longer than fourth,

sixth narrow, densely pubescent, emarginate at apex.

Species of Pselaphide from New Zealand. 499

Although the structure of the terminal ventral segments

cannot be accurately determined, the presence of minute

brassy squamez on the first visible dorsal segment is an

indication of the male sex.

No other recorded species resembles this, which, on account

of the elongate thorax, oblong elytra, and short antenne,

must be placed in a separate section of the genus.

Length 2; breadth + mm.

Mahuia, near Mount Ruapehu. One individual picked

out of leaf-mould which was collected for me by Mr. W. J.

Guinness in January 1911.

3370. Sagola puncticollis, sp. n.

Slender, subdepressed, subparallel, shining; pubescence

distinct, yellowish grey, mostly suberect; castaneo-rufous,

legs and antennz fusco-fulvous, tarsi and palpi testaceous.

Head moderately convex, nearly as large as the thorax,

very slightly narrowed behind the eyes, with oblique angles ;

antennal tubercles rather small, very slightly elevated, dis-

tinctly but not widely separated in front ; frontal channel

moderately broad, not very deep, and not extending beyond

the eyes, occipital foveze distinct, not reaching the base.

Thorax rather longer than broad, oviform, widest near the

middle, smooth in front, the disc distinctly punctate; median

depression subangulate, of moderate size, with a short linear

impression proceeding from it towards the front, basal foves

punctiform and small, the lateral fovee rather small, hardly

extending forwards tothe middle. E/ytra flat, a third longer

than the thorax, slightly longer than broad, subparallel,

indefinitely punctate; sutural striae well marked, pluri-

punctate near the base, with a small basal puncture alongside

each of them ; dorsal strie divided, consisting of a basal

puncture and an elongate impressicn which is prolonged

beyond the middle. Hind body a third longer than the

elytra, its first exposed segment rather shorter than the next,

the fourth rather longer than the third,

Tibie slightly curved and expanded below the middle.

Antenne as long as the head and thorax, bearing elongate

pubescence; basal joint stout, not twice as long as broad,

second not as thick as the first, as long as it is broad, with a

short basal stalk, third similar but much smaller ; joints 4-8

submoniliform, each, however, successively more distinctly

contracted near the apex, ninth and tenth transverse, rather

broader than the preceding ones, the terminal double the

length of the penultimate.

A peculiar species having the basal joint of the antennz

500 Major T. Broun on new

rather shorter and the terminal longer than usual. The head

is rather broader than that of S. longicollis and the eyes are

more distant from the base. The elytra are slightly shorter,

have longer dorsal striz, and instead of being somewhat

transversely convex are quite flat. The thorax is rather

shorter, with different sculpture, and its central groove is

distinctive.

?. Length 24; breadth nearly } mm.

Timaru. A single specimen found by Mr. W. L. Wallace.

3371. Sagola auripila, sp. n.

Subdepressed, elongate, shining ; with conspicuous, sub-

erect, bright golden pubescence ; fulvo-rufous, lateral margins

of the hind body, and a median spot on its third exposed

segment, infuscate, legs and antenne fulvescent, palpi and

tarsi yellow.

Head rather shorter and narrower than the thorax, only

very slightly rounded behind the prominent eyes, sinuously

narrowed in front of them, with obtuse hind angles; frontal

channel deep, rather broad, narrowed behind and extending

just beyond the back of the eyes, occipital foveze punctiform

but distinct, the antennal tubercles slightly raised and

separated in front by a narrow groove. Thorax oviform, as

long as broad, widest at the middle; median depression sub-

rotundate, basal punctures small and situated close to the

angles, lateral foveze deep but rather short. Elytra of equal

length and breadth, hardly longer than the thorax, much

narrowed towards the base ; sutural strie deep throughout,

the dorsal also deep, but short and entire. Hind body about

double the length of the elytra and evidently broader, the

basal three uncovered segments horizontal, somewhat convex,

about equally large, with thick lateral margins, the terminal

ones paler and deflexed.

Legs elongate; tibie slightly expanded towards the

extremity and distinctly pubescent there.

Antenne fully as long as the head and thorax, with

elongate greyish hairs; basal joint not twice as long as

broad, second not as stout, oviform, third small, fourth

rather larger than third and subglobular ; fifth and sixth

equal, slightly broader than fourth, contracted apically,

seventh and eighth still more contracted and laxly articulated

in front, and slightly broader, ninth and tenth transverse,

broader than the preceding ones, the terminal conical.

Underside with bright yellow pubescence; the basal

ventral segment short, second, third, and fourth elongate and

Species of Pselaphide from New Zealand. 501

subequal, fifth extremely short and truncate in the middle

but considerably prolonged at the sides, sixth in the middle

nearly as long as the sides of the fifth, truncate behind, the

supplementary short and broad.

The proper position for this species is after S. tenuis,

1582, in which, however, the head is more trigonal, the

frontal channel is not much larger than the occipital fovez,

and the eyes are almost flat; the thorax is widest before the

middle and, therefore, cordiform, and its median depression

is oblong; the elytral dorsal strize are longer, but not so

deep and, instead of being entire, are divided ; the hind body

is shorter, flatter, and very gradually expanded from the

base to the extremity of the third visible segment, and the

colour and vestiture are manifestly different.

3. Length 2; breadth } mm.

Hrua, February 1911. A solitary male specimen is all I

could find, during two visits, amongst leaves on the ground

at an elevation of about 2400 feet.

3372. Sagola crassicorni’s, sp. n.

Slender, elongate, subdepressed, nitid ; rufescent, legs and

antennz fusco-fulvous, palpi and tarsi yellow; sparingly

covered with distinct, decumbent, elongate, greyish pubes-

cence.

Head quite as long as broad, slightly rounded behind the

small eyes, rather gradually narrowed anteriorly, antennal

tubercles rather flat and broad, separated by a distinct

groove; frontal channel moderately broad and deep, ex-

tending as far as the back of the eyes, occipital fovee very

distinct and moderately large. Thorax suboviform, widest

near the middle, rather longer than the head, a third longer

than broad ; median depression transversely quadrate, basal

punctures indistinct, lateral fovese extending forwards to the

middle. iytra slightly curvedly narrowed before the middle,

nearly as broad as they are long but not exceeding the

thorax in length ; sutural strize distinct, the dorsal small and

entire. Hind body twice the length of the elytra, the third

exposed segment rather longer and broader than the preceding

ones, fourth nearly as long as the first and slightly deflexed,

the terminal conical.

Legs only moderately stout ; posterior tibize nearly straight

and evidently longer than the others, which are slightly

curved and dilated towards the extremity; the anterior and

intermediate tarsi shorter and thicker than the hind pair.

Antenne shorter than the head and thorax, evidently

502 Major T. Broun on new

incrassate towards the extremity ; basal joint red, thick, not

much longer than broad, second quadrate, third small,

broader than long ; joints 4—8 transverse, sixth smaller than

fifth, the seventh and eighth distinctly broader than pre-

ceding ones ; ninth and tenth still broader, eleventh short, as

broad as the penultimate.

This most nearly resembles S. gracilis, 2473, from Mount

Pirongia, but in it (2473) the head differs in shape, being

gradually narrowed from the hind angles onwards, and its

frontal channel is subquadrate; the thorax is even more

elongate and distinctly oviform ; the elytra are less narrowed

towards the base and have deeper and longer dorsal striz ;

the tibice are almost all alike; the basal joint of the anteuns

is longer, the second broadly ovate, and joints 3-6 are small

and moniliform. ‘These are not mere sexual disparities, as

both specimens are males.

Length 13 ; breadth 4 mm.

Raurimu, Main Trunk Line, elevation 1900 feet. A

solitary individual found in January 1910. When I went

again the following year the collecting-place had been

destroyed by fire.

3373. Sagola guinnessi, sp. n.

Subdepressed, elongate, shining; head and thorax light

rufous, the elytra, hind body, and antenne rufo-fulvous, legs

more flavescent, palpi and tarsi yellow; pubescence yellow,

elongate, suberect behind.

Head fully as long as broad, nearly straight and just

perceptibly narrowed behind the moderately large eyes,

obliquely and slightly narrowed anteriorly, antennal tubercles

moderately elevated, separated in front by a linear groove ;

it is rather flat along the middle, with small punctiform

occipital foveze, the frontal channel is deep and subquadrate

and scarcely extends as far as the front of the eyes, which

are equidistant from the antenng and basal angles. Thorax

about as long as broad, subcordate, widest just before

the middle; median depression almost rotundate, basal

punctures small, lateral foveee deep but hardly extending

halfway along the sides. /ytra slightly longer than broad,

a third longer than the thorax, gently narrowed before the

middle, nearly flat; sutural striz well marked, minutely

punctiform at the base, with a basal puncture alongside each,

dorsal striz divided, consisting of a puncture in front and

elongate impression. Hind body quite as long as the elytra,

subparallel; segments 2-4 subequal, slightly increasing in

length, the first short.

Species of Pselaphidee from New Zealand. 503

Legs elongate, tibie gradually expanded, the posterior

with a short straight calcar alongside the inner extremity.

Antenne as long as the head and thorax, stout, with

distinct elongate pubescence ; basal joint red, punctate, its

length almost double the breadth, second oviform half the

_ length of the first, third subglobular but not very much

smaller than second; joints 4-6 subglobular, and as broad as

the second, seventh and eighth very slightly broader and

laxly articulated, ninth and tenth still broader and quite

transverse, eleventh conical, about twice the length ot the

tenth.

Underside distinctly pubescent. Head with a transverse

depression in front of the eyes. Metasternum with an ovi-

form impression behind. Ventral segments 3-5 nearly equal,

sixth subtriangular.

The form of the nearly plane head with its short and broad

frontal channel, the subrotundate median fossa of the thorax,

and the subparallel outline from the base of the elytra to the

extremity of the abdomen, taken together, will enable it to

be separated from others of about equal size.

@. Length 23; breadth quite } mm.

Erua. I found one amongst leaf-mould collected for me

in March 1910 by Mr. W. J. Guinness, and as the consign-

ment contained some other small but interesting species, [

have attached his name to this one.

3374, Sagola connata, sp. n.

Slender, elongate, subdepressed, glossy ; with elongate,

decumbent, greyish pubescence; fulvescent, but with the

elytral apices infuscate, and the third and fourth dorsal

segments with blackish spots, that on the centre of the

former being large and oblong, on the other much smaller;

legs and antennze fulvous, tarsi and palpi yellow.

Head smaller than the thorax, hardly longer than broad,

nearly straight behind the slightly convex eyes, obliquely

narrowed anteriorly ; frontal channel short and subquadrate,

not extending beyond the middle of the eyes, occipital fovese

punctiform but distinct; antennal tubercles not separated,

but forming an evident ridge across the forehead. Thorax

oviform, widest near the middle, rather longer than broad ;

median depression subrotundate, basal punctures minute,

lateral foveze small, not prolonged as far as the middle.

Elytra hardly longer than the thorax, a good deal narrowed

towards the base; sutural strize well developed, the dorsal

minute and punctiform. find body quite glossy, about a

third longer than the elytra, gradually expanded backwards

504 Major T. Broun on new

as far as the extremity of the third visible segment, from

which point to the base of the elytra the shape is almost

uninterruptedly cuneiform ; the second exposed segment is

larger than the first, the third still larger; fourth and fifth

deflexed, the former barely half the length of the third.

Legs moderately elongate ; posterior tibize slender near thie

base, but more distinctly curved and dilated outwardly, below

the middle, than the other pairs.

Antenne as long as the head and thorax, with elongate

slender hairs ; basal joint thick, rather longer than broad,

oblong-oval, second of nearly similar form but smaller ;

joints 3, 4, and 6 very small and subglobular, fifth rather

larger but of the same shape; seventh and eighth broader

than long, but scarcely double the size of the sixth, the

ninth and tenth broader, strongly transverse, eleventh

subconical, evidently longer than tenth.

Underside obscurely fulvescent, the apex of the second and

third segments and an oblong spot on the fourth infuscate ;

pubescence distinct, greyish. Head with an incurved de-

pression before the eyes. Prosternum strongly incurved in

front. Metasternum rather short and convex. Abdomen

elongate, nearly half the entire length of the body, basal

segment hidden by the femora, second and third about

equal, both rather large, fourth quite a third longer than

either of the preceding ones, gradually expanded apically,

fifth half the length of the fourth; the sixth nearly as long

as the fifth at the sides, its deep, somewhat angulate emargi-

nation occupied by the broadly rotundate supplementary

segment.

The connate antennal tubercles at once remove this from

the immediate neighbourhood of 1582 and 2473; the latter,

S. gracilis, is most like this species, which, however, has a

much shorter and differently formed head and shorter thorax,

the elytra are rather longer, more narrowed towards the

base, and the usual dorsal striw are represented by minute

punctiform impressions only, the hind body is shorter and

wedge-shaped, and the antenne are more elongate and differ

structurally.

gd. Length 14; breadth } mm,

Erua, January 1911. <A single male specimen is all I

could find.

3375. Sagola longipennis, sp. n.

g@; fusco-fulvous,

legs and antennx fulvescent, palpi and tarsi yellow ;

Elongate, slender, subdepressed, shining ;

Speotes of Pselaphide from New Zealand. 505

pubescence greyish, decumbent, most distinct on the hind

body and sides of the elytra.

Head smaller than the thorax, straight behind the eyes,

with subrectangular angles, slightly narrowed in front,

antennal tubercles connate and forming a thick frontal

_ margin ; frontal fossa deep, oblong, and extending as far as

the middle of the eyes, occipital fovee well marked. yes

rather large, moderately prominent, situated at the middle.

Thorax rather longer than broad, oviform, rounded and

widest at the middle and there a little broader than the head,

eyes included; median depression subrotundate, basal

punctures small, lateral foveze deep, prolonged nearly to the

middle. lytra oblong, nearly twice the length of the

thorax, very slightly narrowed towards the shoulders,

eurvedly narrowed near the apices ; sutural strise deep but

not broad, the dorsal also deep, apparently entire, about a

third of the whole length. Hind body about as long as the

elytra, slightly expanded near the middle, third segment

larger than the second and nearly double the length of the

first, the terminal ones somewhat deflexed.

Legs rather slender, tibiz slightly curvedly dilated below

the middle ; tarsi moderately elongate.

Antenne rather slender, as long as the head and thorax ;

basal joint rather short, oblong-oval, the next of similar

form but not as large; fifth joint distinctly larger than the

third, fourth, or sixth, which are equally small and sub-

globular; seventh and eighth a little larger than the fifth,

contracted apically; ninth and tenth transverse, evidently

broader than the preceding ones ; eleventh largest, but, owing

to the usual apical appendage being indistinct, it appears to

be quadrate instead of conical.

A glance at the eyes, elongate elytra, with longish striz in

place of minute dorsal ones, and the shorter hind body, will

lead to its identification.

Length 14; breadth 4 mm.

Erua, altitude 2400 feet. Unique, found in February

1911.

Obs. These, S. connata and S. longipennis, together with

the other minute slender species, whilst exhibiting a sort of

family likeness, do not accord structurally. If I made anew

genus for these two the others would still be isolated, and

as all are represented by single specimens only I do not deem

it advisable to risk injury in manipulation. ‘They are placed

in two separate sections of the genus.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 34

506 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

LXI.—Descriptions of new Species of Lepidoptera from

Tropical Africa. By G. 'T. Betuune-Baxker, F.L.5.,

EZ:

I HAVE continued my usual method of taking the measure-

ments of the new species described in the following pages,

viz. measuring from the centre of the thorax to the apex of

the wing and doubling it.

RHOPALOCERA.

Lyvezyine.

Castalius anomalogramma, sp. 0.

gd. Frons pure white, collar dark grey, patagia pale grey

(hoary). Both wings pure white, with blackish markings.

Primaries with the base, costa, apex, and tornus blackish

grey ; a slight wedge-shape small mark of hoary m the basal

patch ; cell closed with a short dark bar; a subapical, even,

curved bar from the costa to vein 3, another shorter bar

shifted inwards from vein 3 to the inner margin adjoining

the tornal dark area. Secondaries with basal marks showing

through, terminal area broadly sooty grey, in front of which

is an interrupted dark line consisting of three short stripes.

Underside: primaries with a very oblique dark basal and

median dash, two spots at the end of the latter; a curved

subapical bar invaded by a short bar in its middle, a short

bar to the inner margin below it, a subterminal fine dark

line, a terminal row of dark dots. Secondaries with four

basal dark bars, the subterminal interrupted line consisting of

three dashes as on the upperside, followed by a fine con-

tinuous brown line, beyond which is a terminal series of

black dots, ending in a black eye-spot at the tail with

metallic-blue edging, followed by a similar one at the anal

angle.

Eixpanse 24 mm.

Hab. Senegal.

‘l'ype in my collection.

HTESPERIN2.

Caprona cassualalla, sp. n.

dé. Both wings greyish brown. Primaries with a median

series of diaphanous spots from the costa to vein 2, gradually

increasing in size; below these on the fold are two more

Lepidoptera from Tropical Africa. 507

such spots, the upper one of the two a minute bar, the lower

one a small squarish spot; in the angle of vein 3 is a small

diaphanous dot ; beyond these is a dark wedge-shaped mark

of rough scales; a bar of four small compressed diaphanous

spots is on the costa at a quarter from the apex, adjoining

- which (spots) is a patch of dark rough scales; termen with a

pale whitish indefinite line. Secondaries with base and

termen broadly russet-brown, edged respectively the one

externally and the other internally with an indefinite oblique

whitish line, the interspace being pale greyish brown.

Expanse 46 mm.

Hab. Cassualalla, N. Angola; July (Ansorge).

‘Type in my collection.

HETEROCERA.

Noctuide.

AGROTINZE.

Timora multistriata, sp. n.

&. Head and collar smoke-grey, thorax paler; abdomen

yellowish grey. Legs greyish. Primaries cream-colour,

with the lower half of the cell and narrowly below it crimson-

red extending nearly to the termen between veins 4 and 5

and also shortly below vein 2; above and below this red

| stripe is a broad pearly-white stripe, that above it from the

middle of the cell to the termen, that below all along the

fold; vein 6 finely bordered with red above, and over this one

or two fine short reddish radiations ; below vein 1 a the inner

margin is broadly reddish. Secondaries. silvery white, with

fringes slightly pink at apex only.

Expanse 26 mm.

Hab. Lokoja District (100 miles north).

Type in my collection.

Allied to 7. rubristriata, Umpsn., and 7. bivitiata, W1k.

Timora unifascia, sp. n.

?. Head and thorax chocolate-brown, abdomen paler.

Primaries chocolate-brown, with a creamy-white stripe

through the outer half of the cell extending nearly to the

termen between veins 5 and 6; another fine creamy line

below the cell along the fold. Secondaries creamy white,

termen tinged with chocolate-colour.

Expanse 31 mm.

Hab. Lokoja District (100 miles north).

Type in my collection.

34*

508 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

Adisura callima, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax pale dove-grey. Primaries pink,

deepening into bright rose-colour along the costa and at the

termen ; a largish wedge-shaped patch, somewhat indefinfte

as to its borders, of deep straw-colour beyond the cell.

Secondaries pale yellowish, deepening in tone towards the

termen, which has a dusky patch below the apex.

Expanse 29 mm.

Hab. Malange, W. Africa; December.

Type in my collection.

Micragrotis cinerosa, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax pale tawny. Primaries ash-grey,

with avery fine median line, almost scalloped, from which

on the fold is emitted an equally fine dark horseshoe outline ;

orbicular stigma finely outlined in dark brown, reniform

stigma less distinctly outlined; postmedian Jine immediately

behind the reniform, very fine and obscure, subcrenulate,

followed by two rows of fine dark short dashes; a round

ochreous apical patch, surrounded obscurely with reddish ;

termen broadly ochreous nearly to the termen, with inter-

spersed reddish scales. Secondaries greyish white, with apex

broadly pale grey, narrowing along the termen.

Expanse 27 mm.

Hab. Nairobi; April (Jackson).

‘Type in my collection.

HTADENINE.

NEURANETHES, gen. nov.

Palpi scaled, porrect; frons roughly scaled; eyes round

and large; thorax with collar spreading intoa crest; patagia

somewhat crest-like ; metathorax crested; abdomen with no

dorsal crests. Antennze very minutely ciliated. Legs hairy.

Neuration: primaries with veins 3 and 5 from near the angle,

4 from the angle, 6 from below the angle, 7 and 8 on a short

stalk near cell, 9 and 10 stalked from near the cell and bent

down so that 9 touches 7 but does not anastomose, 11 from

the cell. Secondaries with 3 and 4 from the angle, 5 obso-

Jescent from below the middle of the discocellulars, 6 and 7

on a short stalk, 8 anastomosing shortly with cell near base.

Type, Neuranethes angola, B-B.

tp ee eee

Lepidoptera from Tropical Africa. 509

Neuranethes angola, sp. n.

d. Head and thorax dark chestnut-brown, abdomen

darker brown. Primaries greyish brown, with dark brown

markings; two dark marks at base, one in the cell, one

above; a dark dash below the fold near the base; median

area with a large dark spot on the fold, hollowed out on its

inner edge and arched outwards on its exterior margin; a

trace of a dark patch above it across the cell to the costa;

orbicular very finely outlined; reniform large, pale, edged

outwardly by a dark patch; a trace of three dark subapical

spots. Secondaries pale whitish grey.

Expanse 32 mm.

Hab. N’Dalla Tando, Angola, 2700 feet ; November (An-

sorge) ..

‘l'ype in my collection.

AGROTANA, gen. nov.

Palpi upturned, heavily scaled, second segment reaching

above centre of frons, third segment minute. Frons disc-

like, with a circular raised edge and small horny prominence

in the centre; vertex roughly scaled, crest-like collar; pa-

tagia slightly raised like crests, otherwise thorax is uncrested ;

abdomen uncrested. Antennze lamellate. Legs heavily

fringed with hair. Neuration with veins 3 and 5 from near the

angle, 4 from the angle, 6 from the angle; 7, 8, 9 stalked,

8 from 9 anastomosing with 10 to form the areole, 11 from

the cell. Secondaries with 3 and 4 stalked, 5 obsolescent

from below the middle of the discocellulars, 6 and 7 stalked,

8 anastomosing shortly from the base.

Type, Agrotana jacksoni, B-B.

Agrotana jacksont, sp. n.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous grey. Primaries

pale ochreous cream-colour, sparingly irrorated with slightly

darker scales ; median line obscure, excurved ; postmedian

line faint, excurved, outside the pale reniform, orbicular pale,

both being obscure ; subterminal line distinct, waved ; termen

finely dark. Secondaries pale cream-colour.

Expanse 26 mm.

Hab. Nairobi, B.E. Africa; March (Jackson),

Type in my collection.

This is a very Agroizs-like species.

510 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

ACRONYCTINE.

Luplexia pullomedia, sp. n.

d. Head and thorax mottled brownish grey, abdomen

paler. Primaries: the basal area up to the waved median

line having a mottled appearance, with a fine black curved

line in the cell; median area dark, especially around the

orbicular stigma, which is dark slate-colour ; reniform stigma

large and white; postmedian line waved, crenulate, area

beyond this paler; a fine preterminal lunulated line, with the

lunules filled in outwardly with slate-colour. -Secondaries

white.

Eixpanse 30 mm.

Hab. Nairobi; April (Jackson).

‘T'ype in my collection.

Perigea aplecta, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax cinnamon-brown, abdomen somewhat

paler. Primaries cinnamon-brown, with an obscure trace of

a paler basal line, an equally obscure trace of a median line ;

orbicular stigma small, round, slightly paler than ground-

colour; reniform stigma pale, distinct; postmedian line

finely crenulate and waved, followed by a row more or less

parallel of pale points on the veins, which are finely dark

grey from the postmedian line; a subterminal waved pale

line; termen darkly dotted. Secondaries pale brownish,

with pinkish fringes.

Expanse 36 mm.

Hab. N’Dalla Tando, Angola, 2700 feet ; November (An-

sorge).

Type in my collection.

Oligia parathermes, sp. u.

$. Head and collar cinnamon-brown, interspersed with

dark scales; thorax darker brown; abdomen dark greyish.

Primaries darkish brown, tinged with pale cinnamon along

the lower margin of the cell ; basal line tine, waved, double ;

median line somewhat excurved, postmedian line excurved

beyond the reniform stigma, then receding in a bold curve;

a short blackish basal line ; an oblique blackish dash below

vein 2, its extremity touching the blackish postmedian line ;

orbicular stigma small, oval, greyish; reniform darkly out-

lined, with white points in it; subterminal area with a trace

of a pale cinnamon interrupted stripe; costa spotted alter-

Lepidoptera from Tropical Africa. 511

nately with light and dark. Secondaries pale greyish, with

darker termen.

Eixpanse 24 mm.

Hab. Entebbe, Uganda (Jackson).

Type in my collection.

Diparopsis tephragramma, sp. n.

&. Head pale pinkish brown, thorax greyer, abdomen

creamy. Primaries pale pinkish brown, with a wedge-

shaped patch of darkish grey occupying most of the cell and

part of the fold ; postmedian line pale, even, curved below

the costa, then descending obliquely straight to the inner

margin ;. this line is preceded by an irregular dark grey line,

and is followed by a broad oblique band of dark grey.

Secondaries creamy white.

Expanse 32 mm.

flab. Gunnal, W. Africa ;; November.

‘l'ype in my collection.

Prodenia metriodes, sp. n.

g. Head and thorax pale ochraceous grey, abdomen pale

rey. Primaries pale ochraceous grey, with dark markings ;

a small darkly outlined basal spot, followed by a pale patch

with dark scales on its outer edge; median dark line curved

and scalloped, palely edged internally, the usual pale “Pro-

denia”’ mark across the cell, but less conspicuous than usual ;

reniform distinct, darkly outlined with pale interior edge,

filled in darkly with a pale apex; postmedian line irregular,

crenulate, palely edged externally, followed immediately by

a pale area below vein 3.; a dark patch between 3 and 5,

above which is a chestnut patch; subterminal line pale

dentate, area beyond this chestnut-colour; termen darkly

pointed; fringes palely intersected. Secondaries pearly,

with termen finely dark.

Expanse 32 mm.

Hab. N. Nigeria.

‘l'ype in my collection.

Petilampa homora, sp. n.

S. Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish. Primaries

uniform shining pale brownish grey, with an indistinct basal.

line and a pale postmedian line which is highly curved below

the costa (almost angled), then receding slightly to the inner

margin ;.a trace of an irregular subterminal line ; reniform

52 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

stigma slightly paler, but obscure. Secondaries rather paler

than primaries, but lustrous in like manner as they are.

Expanse 29 mm.

Hab. Nairobi; April (Jackson).

Type in my collection.

Ethiopica melanopa, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax sooty black, abdomen grey. Pri-

maries sooty black, with a restricted grey base darkly irrorated ;

reniform stigma grey, with a small grey costal spot above it ;

postmedian line broad, grey, very irregular, very obscured in

the lower radial area ; termen with pale points. Secondaries

pale greyish.

Expanse 21 mm.

Hab. Lokoja District (100 miles north).

Type in my collection.

Ethiopica leucostigmata, sp. 0.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen brown. Primaries dark

brown, tinged with chocolate-colour; a small white dot at

the base of the cell; orbicular stigma white, with a cream-

coloured pupil having a fine dark iris; reniform white,

broken up by fine dark lines into many small spots, the

middle being cream-coloured; a trace of an obscure pale

interrupted subterminal line ; a preterminal row of fine white

points. Secondaries white.

Expanse 26 mm.

Hab, N’ Dalla Tando, 2700 feet; November (Ansorge).

Type in my collection.

Near to Z. polyastra, Hmpsn.

Ethiopica apicestriata, sp. n.

&. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown. Primaries

dark burnt brown, with a few fine white scales below the

middle of the cell and also about the lower angle of the cell;

a dark, waved, subcrenulate postmedian line; a shortish,

broad, oblique, buff-coloured dash from the apex to the post-

median line. Secondaries darkish brown.

Expanse 24 mm.

Hab. Gunnal, W. Africa; November.

Type in my collection.

GORTYNODES, gen, nov.

Proboscis absent, palpi upturned, second segment reaching

Lepidoptera from Tropical Africa. 513

to vertex of head, thickly scaled, third segment shortish.

Antenne pectinated with cilia. Frons, lower part naked,

upper part roughly scaled; head roughly scaled; collar

spreading, with a central pencil crest ; patagia spreading

into crests; metathorax crested; abdomen smooth. Pri-

‘maries with costa slightly hollowed in centre, apex weakly

rounded ; termen evenly rounded. Neuration: vein 3 from

just before the angle, 4 from the angle, 5 from midway be-

tween angle and middle of discocellulars, 6 from upper angle,

7, 8, and 9 stalked, 10 anastomosing with 8 to form the

areole, 11 free from cell. Secondaries with 3 and 4 very

shortly stalked, 5 from midway between angle and middle of

the discoce]lulars, 6 and 7 from the upper angle.

Type, Gortynodes holophea, B-B.

Gortynodes holophea, sp. n.

&. Head, thorax, and abdomen darkish brown. Pri-

maries darkish brown, with all the cell, fold, and postmedian

areas darker brown up to the fine double postmedian line,

leaving the costa and subterminal and terminal areas slightly

paler; across the middle of the cell is a shghtly paler brown

band acutely angled externally and edged finely on each side

with very pale brown ; reniform palely edged ; termen finely

blackish. Secondaries palish brown, with an obscure dark

spot at the end of the cell and an obscure postmedian line.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. Gunnal, W. Africa; November.

Type in my collection.

Elydna brunneaplagata, sp. n.

?. Head, thorax, and abdomen dull brown. Primaries

dull brown, the basal half of a mottled appearance ; a trace

of an irregular antemedian line; postmedian line oblique for

the costal half edging the costal patch, then descending in

waved crenulations to the inner margin; a large wedge-

shaped, reddish-brown, subapical costal patch, with an irre-

gular outline on its external edge; a trace of a subterminal

spotted line; termen very finely cream-coloured, preceded by

a fine reddish-brown line. Secondaries dull brown.

Expanse 31 mm.

Hab. Gunnal, W. Africa ; November.

‘l'ype in my collection.

Near £. plagiata, Wlk.

514 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

Elydna enictopis, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax dark brown, scales more or less tipped

with grey, abdomen paler. Primaries dark brown; post-

median line obscure, composed of blackish points with a few

interspersed grey scales; orbicular and reniform stigmata

dark grey; termen with minute white points. Secondaries

dirty whitish.

Eixpanse 30 mm.

Hab. N’Dalla Tando, Angola; November (Ansorge).

Type in my collection.

Elydna glaucopis, sp. n.

do. Head, thorax, and abdomen dirty brown. Primaries

dirty brown, with paler greyish-brown lines ; basal line

waved and obscure; postmedian line highly projected out-

wards beyond the cell, almost forming half a parallelogram,

receding rapidly below to the inner margin; subterminal

line irregular and somewhat obscure ; the two stigmata show

out darkly. Secondaries dirty whitish.

Eixpanse 26 mm.

Hab. Nairobi; June (Jackson).

‘l'ype in my collection.

This species bears a superficial likeness to Athet’s glauca,

Hmpsn.

Elydna percnopis, sp. 1.

d. Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish brown. Primaries

cull brown, with an irregular antemedian dark line ; post-

median dark line very irregular, strongly crenulate just below

the costa; this line is preceded by a more or less erect band

of dark shading; subterminal line distinct, with two bold

curves; termen finely and palely pointed. Secondaries

darkish grey.

Expanse 25 mm.

Hab. N’ Dalla Tando, 2700 feet ; November (Ansorge).

‘l'ype in my collection.

Elydna scotopis, sp. 0.

é. Head, thorax, abdomen, and primaries cinnamon-

brown, the latter with a trace of a double basal line; ante-

median line double, dark, fine, filled in with pale tawny

brown, angled more or less three times; postmedian dark

line strongly excurved in the upper radial area, fine, crenu-

late, with a pale tawny external edging; subterminal line

—

Lepidoptera from Tropical Africa. 515

irregular, rather obscure; termen finely pale, with a fine

dark internal edging. Secondaries whitish, with brownish

costa, and terminal area slightly brownish.

Expanse 32 mm.

Hab, Nairobi; April (Jackson).

Type in my collection.

CIRRODIANA, gen. nov.

Proboscis present; palpi upturned, slender, well scaled,

second segment reaching to vertex, third moderate. Frons

well scaled; eyes large, round; antenne of male pectinate,

branches with fine cilia. ‘Thorax clothed with scales and

some hairs, crested in front ; legs moderately fringed with

coarse hair. Primaries with costa nearly straight, apex

slightly rounded, termen moderately erect to vein 4, then

rapidly rounded off, slightly scalloped. Neuration with veins

3 and 5 from near the angle, 6 from the upper angle, 9 from LO

anastomosing with 8 to form the areole, 11 from the angle.

Secondaries with 3 and 4 from the angle, 5 from well above

the angle fairly strong, 6 and 7 stalked, 8 anastomosing with

the cell for nearly a quarter.

Type, Cirrodiana bella, B-B.

Cirrodiana bella, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax pink, abdomen dirty ochreous. Pri-

maries dull pink up to the fine, pale, deeply waved, and

irregular postmedian line, with the cell pale olive; the oval

orbicular and the reniform stigmata palely edged distinct

olive, the latter with pink scales and a fine whitish dash in it ;

area beyond the postmedian line pale olive. Secondaries

whitish grey, tinged with pink and olive.

Hxpanse 36 mm.

flab. Malange, West Africa; October 1909.

‘Type in my collection.

PARALOPHATA, gen. nov.

Proboscis absent. Palpi porrect, small, second segment

not reaching a quarter up frons, scaled, end segment minute,

depressed ; frons scaled, prominently rounded ; no corneous

plate; eyes round, moderate size; antenne of male bi-

pectinate, female shortly bipectinate; collar long, spreading

into a crest; abdomen with no dorsal crests ; tibia hairy.

Primaries broad, apex rounded, almost acute in the termen ;

termen strongly scalloped, rounded, excavated on fold to the

516 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

tornus. Neuration: primaries with vein 3 almost waved,

rising near the angle, 4 from the angle, 5 from above the

angle, highly depressed for its basal third, 6 practically from

the upper angle ; 7, 8,9, and 10 stalked, 7 at a third between

angle and apex, 10 at a half, 8 and 9 near apex; 11 free

from cell. Secondaries with 3 and 4 from the angle, 5 from

below the middle of the discocellulars fairly strong, 6 and 7

stalked, 8 anastomosing shortly near cell.

Type, Paralophata ansorgei, B-B.

Paralophata ansorgei, sp. n.

3. Head and frons tawny, collar lemon-yellow, palpi

tawny, thorax lemon-yellow, patagia tipped with tawny.

Primaries lemon-yellow, base of costa with a short brown

dash ; a broad short dash occupying the inner margin below

vein la at the base, a small brown dot in the middle of the

cell, with another below it on the fold; a trace of two dots

closing the cell; a fine interrupted postmedian line angled

outwardly below the costa and waved, followed closely by a

second precisely similar line; termen and terminal area

occupied by a largish irregular brown patch barely extending

to the apex or tornus. Secondaries dirty straw-yellow, with

terminal area broadly slightly darker.

@. Exactly like the male.

Expanse, ¢ 42, 9 50 mm.

Hab. N’ Dalla Tando, 2700 feet ; November (Ansorge).

‘l'ypes in my collection.

Phalerodes pulchra, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax lavender-grey, thorax with creamy

patagia and dark lavender-grey metathorax ; abdomen

greyish. Primaries with costa broadly lavender-grey,

broadest in centre, tapering off towards the apex ; reniform

pinkish grey, with a double pale pinkish cream-coloured spot

below it; upper part of fold and lower radial area very pale

olive-grey, lower part of fold pinkish ochreous, inner margin

with a double fine dark line on its outer half; upper radial

area cream-colour, bordered on its lower edge at vein 4 by a

double, dark, quite straight line. Secondaries pearly white.

Expanse 30 mm.

Hab. N’Dalla Tando, 2700 feet ; October (Ansorge).

‘T'ype in my collection.

Lepidoptera from Tropical Africa. 517

Ramesodes nycteris, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen dull brown. Primaries

dark madder-brown, with the lower edge of the cell rather

paler, extending in two palish rays along veins 4 and 5 to the

termen ; postmedian line palely edged, receding very rapidly

from vein 4 to below 2, then descending to the inner margin

in an erect double scallop; costa to vein 6 from the end of

the cell to the apex dark slate-grey ; subterminal area below

this paler brown to the pale ray. Secondaries: basal half

white, outer half dark grey.

Expanse 34 mm.

Hab. Malange, W. Africa.

‘l'ype in my collection.

Phragmatiphila connexa, sp. n.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen brown. Primaries clear

brown, with a fine, dark, irregular basal line ; median line

fine, very irregular, projected outwards on the fold ; orbicular

and reniform stigmata pale and distinct ; postmedian line

obscure, very fine, crenulate, the area from the median to tie

postmedian line somewhat darker brown; a fine cream-

coloured subterminal line, distinct in the tornal area, evan-

escent as it approaches the apex; this line is surrounded by

a somewhat darker stripe of brown; termen with fine dark

scallops. Secondaries pale brown.

Expanse 34 mm.

Hab. N’ Dalla Tando, Angola, 2700 feet ; November (Aun-

sorge).

‘Type in my collection.

Acrapex brunneosa, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen dirty greyish brown, legs

and pectus the same colour. Primaries dirty greyish brown,

with a broad paler area both along the fold and in the cell,

the latter increasing in width slightly and ascending to the

apex ; end of cell marked by a pale small angled spot, beyond

which is a dark dotted line slightly oblique and waved ; an

obscure line of dark shading near the termen roughly parallel

with the dotted line ; termen with fine dark internervular

dashes. Secondaries uniform sooty grey.

Expanse 24 mm.

Hab. N’Dalla 'Tando, 2700 feet ; November (Ansorge).

‘Type in my collection.

518 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

Acrapex ochracea, sp. n.

&. Head and thorax tawny ochraceous, abdomen oclireous

grey. Primaries dirty ochreous, with a paler streak in the

cell ascending up to the apex, the outer edge of the ascending

portion with a row of several blackish dots; median vein

irrorated with dark scales; termen with fine dark inter-

nervular dashes. Secondaries whitish grey fer the basal

half, slightly darker towards the termen.

Expanse 27 mm.

Hab. Nairobi; June (Jackson).

Type in my collection.

Sesamia mediastriga, sp. 1.

d. Head and thorax deep creamy ochreous; abdomen

greyish ochreous. Primaries ochreous, very finely irrorated

more or less with grey ; a trace of a darker line of scales along

the median vein; cell closed by a fine dark dash, succeeded

by a dark dot ; a trace of a postmedian series of obscure dark

dots ; termen finely dark, preceded by an indefinite area of

slightly darker shading than the ground-colour. Secondaries

pure white.

Expanse 31-32 mm,

Hab. N’Dalla Tando, Angola, 2700 feet.

Type in my collection.

Enispa acutalineata, sp. n.

&. Head whitish, thorax grey, abdomen paler. Primaries

whitish, with a broad, median, dark grey erect dash, not ex-

tending to the costa; two black points at end of cell; a dark

grey postmedian line, oblique and deeply angled about vein 7,

followed by a second finer one; from base up to the termen

the ground is greyish, somewhat mottled and clouded except

between veins 3 and 4, where there is a small whitish

terminal patch. Secondaries dusted with grey ; a dark small

spot in the cell, just beyond which is a dark brown waved

line, followed by a second finer one, the area beyond this

being entirely dusted with pale tawny grey.

Expanse 27 mm.

Hab. Malange, W. Africa ; November.

‘l'ype in my collection.

ENISPADES, gen. nov.

Proboscis of moderate size; palpi upturned, reaching

Lepidoptera from Tropical Africa. 519

heyond the middle of the frons, scaled ; third segment short,

frons roughly scaled; eyes round, prominent; antennz

almost simple, a trace of very short fine cilia near base ;

tibize not hairy ; spurs long. Primaries with apex produced

and acute, termen produced at vein 4. Neuration with veins

3 and 5 from near angle, 6 from just below upper angle ; 7,

8, and 9 stalked; 10 from cell, with a bar to 8 forming a

longish areole ; 11 free from cell. Secondaries with veins 3

and 4 from the angle, 5 from well above the angle, 6 and 7

from the angle, 8 bent down to touch cell, anastomosis not

quite complete.

Type, Enispades angola, B-B.

Enispades angola, sp. n.

¢. Head, therax, and abdomen ochreous grey. Both wings

ochreous grey, with a trace of a pink tinge, with darker grey

markings. Primaries with a trace of a median line ; a large

grey spot at end of cell, sometimes only present in outline ;

postmedian line oblique, deeply and obtusely angled below

the costa, followed directly by a second very fine similar line ;

a row of subterminal fine dots roughly parallel with the

termen, which latter has fine blackish points. Secondaries

with a waved postmedian line, followed by a second fine one ;

a trace of a row of subterminal dots as in the primaries,

Expanse 21 mm.

Hab. N’ Dalla Tando, 2700 feet ; December (Ansorge).

Type in my collection.

Enispades nigropunctata, sp. n.

3. Palpisooty black ; head and thorax whitish ; abdomen

grey. Both wings whitish, with dark markings. Primaries

with a blackish spot at the base of the costa, followed by a

second further along; a fine dark angled median line, ending

in the second costal spot; a bare trace of a postmedian line,

followed by a crenulate line with blackish points, between

which and the tornus the fold is darkly dusted ; termen

finely dark, with a small triangular patch between veins 4

and 7 ; fringe white, with black intersections. Secondaries

with the area beyond the middle greyish ; termen with dark

dashes ; fringe whitish.

Eixpanse 21 mm.

Hab. N’Dalla Tando, 2700 feet ; November (Ansorge).

Type in my collection,

520 Mr. G. T. Bethune- Baker on new

Eublemma brunneosa, sp. n.

?. Head, thorax, and abdomen cinnamon-brown. Pri-

maries: basal third cinnamon-brown, terminated by a broad

defined band of dark velvety brown right across the wing,

and tapering off from the lower end of the cell to the costa ;

reniform deep blackish brown ; this is followed by a pale grey,

fine, exangled postmedian line (the angle being filled in with

mottled cinnamon-brown), edged indefinitely with darkish

tawny brown, which continues up to the termen and in which

is a fine, grey, waved subterminal line; fringes grey, the

outer half being paler than the inner half. Secondaries

warm brown, broadly darker in the terminal area.

Expanse 18 mm.

Hab, Nairobi, B.E. Africa (Jackson).

Type in my collection.

Eublemma bicolora, sp. n.

&. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous. Primaries

ochreous, with a broad, irregular, brown median area, the

costal part being invaded by the pale reniform, beyond which

is a costal wedge-shaped brown patch; termen finely brown,

Secondaries darkish grey.

Eixpanse 18 mm.

Hab. Nairobi, B.E. Africa (Jackson).

Type in my collection.

Eublemma crenularia, sp. n.

&. Head tawny ochreous, thorax and abdomen paler

ochreous. Primaries greyish ochreous, with tawny grey

marks; a deeply crenulate antemedian pale line, followed by

a similar median line, neither extending below the cell, the

interspaces being filled in with greyish; a deeply excurved

and highly crenulate postmedian double tawny line, the

narrow interspace filled in with pale grey, the reniform being

occupied by an indefinite tawny patch; apical area pale grey,

the costal portion having four dark short tawny dashes.

Secondaries brownish grey.

Expanse 19 mm.

Hab. Malange, Portuguese W. Africa ; October.

Type in my collection.

Eublemma basiplagata, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and-abdomen dull brown. Primaries

———

Lepidoptera from Tropical Africa. 521

with base very restricted greyish brown, terminated in a very

irregular fine dark line, from whence up to beyond the cell the

colour is dark brown, terminating abruptly and obliquely ;

area beyond this pale brown; there is a trace of a very dark

dash in the middle of the cell, and the reniform is similarly

outlined. Secondaries greyish brown.

Expanse 22 mm.

Hab. Gunnal, W. Africa ; November.

Type in my collection.

Eublemma nyctopa, sp. 0.

¢. Head and thorax sooty grey, abdomen paler. Pri-

maries sooty brown, with a subbasal double dark line, the

outer line being arched outwards and forming with the inner

line an incomplete D mark; median line fine, dark, twice-

angled, followed closely by a second similar and parallel line;

termen finely dark. Secondaries pale grey.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab. N’Dalla Tando, Angola, 2700 feet; October (An-

sorge).

Type in my collection.

Eublemma scotopis, sp. 1.

Head, thorax, and abdomen dark madder-brown. Pri-

maries dark madder-brown, basal half very dark, ending

irregularly, outer half greyer in the postmedian area, but

becoming very dark towards the termen; fringes pale grey.

Secondaries dark, somewhat similarly divided as the primaries.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. Lokoja District (100 miles north).

Type in my collection.

Eublemma nigribasts, sp. n.

¢@. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown. Primaries

with basal third blackish brown, terminal two-thirds creamy,

the terminal area being broadly mottled dusky. Secondaries

dark grey.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab. Malange, Portuguese W. Africa; November.

Type in my collection.

EUBLEMMARA, gen. nov.

Palpi thickly scaled, second segment reaching up to vertex ;

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 35

522 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

end segment short, also scaled ; antenne minutely ciliate ;

frons not prominent, scaled; proboscis poorly developed.

Neuration: primaries with veins 3 and 5 from near angle, 4

from the angle, 6 and 7 free from the cell, 8 and 9 stalked on

along stem; a bar from 10 to 9 to form the areole; 11

from cell. Secondaries with 3 and 4 from the angle, 5 from

directly above the angle, 6 and 7 from the upper angle, 8

anastomosing with cell shortly at base. Legs: mid tibiz

with one pair of long spurs, hind with two pairs of long spurs.

Type, Lublemmara tandoana, B-B.

Eublemmara tandoana, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax blackish brown, abdomen paler.

Primaries uniform blackish brown, with a single creamy spot

at the end of the cell. Secondaries sooty grey.

Expanse 18 mm.

Hab. N’Dalla Tando, Angola, 2700 feet; November and

December (Ansorge).

Type in my collection.

Metasada fuliginaria, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax very dark purplish brown, abdomen

paler. Primaries dark purplish brown, with a broad, irregular,

darker antemedian stripe, followed by a similar uneven

median stripe; postmedian line dark, angled several times ;

an irregular indefinite subterminal stripe of dark shading ;

termen darkly pointed; a small pale spot at the end of cell.

Secondaries dark sooty grey.

9. Exactly like the male.

Expanse, ¢ 20, 2? 24 mm.

Hab, Gunnal, Portuguese W. Africa; November.

‘Types in my collection.

Corgatha arcuata, sp. n.

3d. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous grey. Primaries

ochreous grey, with very fine dusting of darker grey; a

blackish dot in the cell; a broad tapering blackish median

dash from the inner margin to the upper angle of the cell,

edged outwardly by a broad oblique band of ochreous grey

up to the costa; a bright cream curved subterminal line from

the apex to the inner margin, edged on each side with dark

brown ; beyond the outer edging a broad indefinite band of

dark shading ; termen with internervular dark dots. Second-

aries creamy, with a trace of two median short lines; an

Lepidoptera from Tropical Africa. 523

oblique broad dark subterminal line, preceded by a finer one

and succeeded by a broad band of darkish shading ; termen

with a fine dark line.

Expanse 22-26 mm.

Hab, Nairobi, B.E. Africa ; July (Jackson).

Type in my collection.

zarba epimoch/a, sp. n.

3g. Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish brown. Primaries

greyish brown, with a waved median dark stripe and a

similar postmedian one; there is also a trace of a basal

stripe ; the postmedian stripe is broad and indefinite as to its

outer area ; a trace of a pale scalloped line on the termen.

Secondaries dark grey.

Expanse 22 mm.

Hab. Lokoja District (100 miles north). |

Type in my collection.

Xanthograpta brunneaplaga, sp. n.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous grey. Primaries

ochreous grey, with a trace of a broad darker median area up

to the cell, the area in the cell and up to the costa between

the position of the orbicular and reniform stigmata filled in

with dark brown, darkest in the cell; a subapical similar-

coloured costal patch ; a trace of a subterminal pale line.

Secondaries very pale grey.

Expanse 23 mm.

Fab. Gunnal, Portuguese W. Africa; November.

Type in my collection.

Eustrotia loxosema, sp. n.

3g. Frons greyish ; thorax ochreous mixed with grey;

abdomen ochreous. Primaries with base and median area

ochreous, greyish on the costa, bordered obliquely up to the

apex by a pale ‘stripe, which is edged by a broad wedge-

shaped mark of lilac-grey; beyond this the whole of the area

is darkly clouded, leaving the tornus paler than the rest of

this area. Secondaries dirty grey.

Expanse 18 mm.

Hab. N’ Dalla Tando, Angola, 2700 feet; November (An-

sorge).

Type in my collection.

Eustrotia cumalinea, sp. n.

3d. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous grey. Primaries

35*

524 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

pinkish grey mixed with olive in parts, especially below the

cell; the postmedian area beyond the cell has a radiated

appearance ; subterminal line pale, waved, bent back below

the apex and receding basewards below the costa to about

the end of the cell, followed by two faint lines in a pale area,

which is bordered by a grey stripe, edged first finely with

creamy and then with olive; the cell is closed by a fine dark

dash. Secondaries pale grey, darker towards the termen.

Expanse 24 mm.

Hab. Nairobi, B.E. Africa ; March.

Type in my collection.

Eustrotia bella, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax madder-grey, abdomen tawny

ochreous. Primaries with the basal and median area reddish

ochreous, edged by a more or less wedge-shaped mark of

madder-grey, which is finely edged all round except on the

inner margin with white; from this line the whole of the

terminal area is dark purplish grey, with two more or less

distinct eye-spots, one at the tornus and one in the upper

radial area ; the tornal spot is indistinct and grey, the radial

one is pinkish ochreous on the left wing and greyish on the

right wing, the apex being tipped with dark chocolate, edged

below with white. Secondaries brownish grey.

Expanse 16 mm.

flab. Gunnal, Portuguese W. Africa ; October.

Type in my collection.

This species is near £. lovosema, but the shape and colour

of the basal area and the markings of the terminal area are

different.

Cardiosace citrelinea, sp. 0.

d. Head, frons, and thorax pure white, abdomen greyish.

Primaries pure white, with a median curved citron-yellow

line having a grey spot on its inner edge on the inner

margin, and another small grey spot nearer the base in the

cell, two grey spots in the cell beyond the median line;

postmedian line citron-yellow, excurved in the upper radial

area, beyond this line the area is lead-grey with a deep

reddish apical spot, and some citron-yellow on the termen in

the tornal area; termen finely dark with a fine white inner

edging. Fringes whitish. Secondaries white, with apex

greyish.

Expanse 20 mm,

Lepidoptera from Tropical Africa. 525

Hab. N’Dalla Tando (Angola), 2700 feet; November

(Ansorge).

Type i y collecti

ype in my collection.

A common and. very uniform spocies.

Cardiosace callima, sp. n.

3. Head,. thorax, and abdomen pure white. Primaries

pure white, with a median exangled lemon-yellow line,

beyond which are two grey spots, one in the cell and one

beyond it ; inner marginal area from median line into tornus

very broadly (nearly half the width of wing) lead-grey

clouded with olive; terminal area very broadly lead-grey

and much interspersed with olive,.a rectangular broad dash

of deep olive from the spot outside the cell runs into the

terminal area; termen white, darkly spotted between the

veins. Secondaries pure white,

Expanse 24 mm.

Hab. N’Dalla Tando (Angola), 2700: feet ; November

( Ansorge).

‘T'ype in my collection..

Tarache anomoiota, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax whitish, abdomen ochreous. Pri-

maries whitish in the basal area, with a small blackish costal

spot near the base ; median area blackish arched outwardly

on its inner margin, edged outwardly by an oblique white

irregular line; a wedge-shaped. patch of white in the post-

median costal area up to the apex, the rest of the wing very

dark brownish grey, with a small white spot at the tornus.

Fringes blackish slightly tessellated with white. Secondaries

pale transparent grey, darker towards the apex.

Expanse 24 mm.

Hab. Gunnal, Portuguese W. Africa; November.

Type in my collection.

Tarache variegata, sp. n.

@. Head pale grey, thorax and abdomen brownish grey.

Primaries with the base grey, terminated by an irregular and

angled white line ; median area dark grey, paler on the fold,

with the reniform stigma distinct, encircled with white on

its outer margin, from the reniform an oblique whitish dash

to the apex ; postmedian line very irregular, white, beyond

which the area is darkish grey, the subterminal line, which

526 Mr. G. TI. Bethune-Baker on new

is very irregular, is white at the apex and tornus and dark

between. Secondaries dark grey.

Expanse 24 mm.

Hab. Malange, Portuguese W. Africa; November.

Type in my collection.

Tarache nephata, sp. n.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen olive-grey, metathorax

tipped with creamy. Primaries with the basal area to two-

thirds along the costa, and a fifth along the inner margin,

olive-grey, somewhat mottled with an antemedian paler line,

this area is edged by an oblique broad white irregular band,

which is again edged irregularly by dark olive-grey, but not

extending to the costa, the rest of the wing is purplish grey with

a trace of a postmedian line strongly excurved in the upper

radial area; subterminal line irregular, composed of reddish

uneven spots edged outwardly by a fine creamy line; termen

darkly dotted. Fringes grey, whitish in the lower radial

area. Secondaries dark brownish grey, with whitish-grey

fringes.

Eixpanse 28 mm.

Hab. Lokoja District (100 miles north).

Type in my collection.

EvrELianz.

Eutelia malanga, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax lilac-grey. Both wings grey tinged

with lilac. Primaries with an oblique deep purple-brown

short dash on the inner margin near the base, behind which

the ground is darker followed by a broad deeply curved cream-

coloured mark across the fold, this is edged above by a deep

purple-brown curved stripe to the termen, apex and termen

creamy colour to this stripe, as also slightly below it

tapering into the tornus, where there is a small deep brown

mark.

Expanse 26 mm.

Hab. Malange, Portuguese W. Africa.

‘l'ype in my collection.

Near £. leucodelta, Hmpsn.

Eutelia adoxodes, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen brownish grey. Both wings

greyish brown. Primaries with a darker median area, edged

———

Lepidoptera from Tropical Africa, 527

laterally by obscure still darker lines, subterminal area slightly

darker than the median area, with a subapical costal dark

small patch palely edged.

Expanse 34 mm.

Hab, N’Dalla Tando, Angola, 2700 feet; November

-(Ansorge).

Type in my collection.

STICYOPTERINE.

Gigantoceras adowodes, sp. n.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen greenish grey. Primaries

greenish grey, with basal area darker and edged by the

antemedian fine dark line, a fine dark serrate line crosses the

wing at the end of the cell; apical area darkly clouded, a

trace of a subterminal line of cream-colour fairly distinct in

the lower radial area and shifted inwards on the fold; a

terminal! series of dark lunules edged internally with cream-

colour. Secondaries grey at base, dark grey for the terminal

half.

Expanse 34 mm.

Hab. N’Dalla Tando, Angola, 2700 feet; October

(Ansorge).

Type in my collection.

SARROTHRIPINE.

Plotheia tanthina, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax lilac-grey, abdomen grey. Primaries

lilac-grey for the central half, getting tawny towards the

fold; a dark tawny, angled, incomplete, antemedian line

not extending into the fold; a tawny postmedian irregular

line palely edged, which edging is followed by a grey line;

reniform stigma tawny, beyond this the apical area is silvery

lilac-grey, and the tornal area tawny. Secondaries pure

white.

Expanse 22 mm.

Hab. Gunnal, Portuguese W. Africa.

Type in my collection.

LoPHOTAGONIA, gen. nov.

Palpi with end segment long and porrect ; antennz with

very minute cilia, nearly simple. Hind leg with tibial

spines almost as long as the tibiw, arising from near the

femoral joint. Neuration: primaries with veins 3 and 5

28 Mr. G. T. Bethune- Baker on new

from near the angle, 4 from the angle, 6 from the upper

angle, 7 highly arched near the cell, a short obsolescent bar

from 8 to form the long areole, 8, 9, and 10 stalked, 8 and

9 close to the apex, 10 at a third from the cell, 11 from the

cell. Secondaries with 3 and 4 from the angle, 5 absent,

6 from the angle, 7 from the cell, 8 anastomosing shortly

with the cell. Secondaries with anal angle distorted and

emitting a strong tuft of curly hairs.

Type, Lophotagonia bostrycodes, B-B.

Lophotagonia bostrycodes, sp. 0.

3. Head and thorax whitish grey, abdomen darker grey.

Primaries with basal two-thirds whitish, terminal third lilac

and ochreous grey; an interrupted fine dark basal line

sharply serrate on the costa; median line fine, very irregular,

postmedian line more irregular, very oblique for the costal

third, the fold between these two lines filled in with grey ;

a fine, serrate, irregular, white subterminal line in the darker

area, apex with a small dash of white. Fringes intercepted

with grey. Secondaries white for the basal two-thirds, grey

for the apical third, anal tuft black.

Expanse 22 mm.

Hab. Gunnal, Portuguese W. Africa; November.

Type in my collection.

CaTocALInz.

Chalciope cumamita, sp. n.

3d. Head and thorax pinkish grey; collar barred with

darker ochreous grey, abdomen grey. Primaries grey,

tinged with lilac in parts; costa darker grey, a broad

scimitar-shaped dark velvety-brown dash edged with cream-

colour in the fold, above the end of it another short pale

dash, finely edged first with dark brown then with cream-

colour ; into this, nearer the base, runs another similar but

paler dash ; postmedian area composed of a series of oblique

very fine wavy lines, edged externally by a broad stripe of

olive-brown, shortly but deeply excurved at its centre and

edged internally with cream-colour, beyond this the termen

is clouded and with several wavy lines, a subterminal very fine

dark line ; termen finely cream-colour. Secondaries cream-

colour, terminal third-dark grey ; termen finely whitish,

crenulate.

Expanse 39 mm.

Hab. Elburgon Railway Station, B.E. Africa ; July,

Type in my collection.

Lepidoptera from Tropical Africa. BY

Aedia wanthophaés, sp. n.

g- Head and thorax dirty grey. Primaries yellowish

cream-colour, with a basal interrupted indefinite black dash

on the fold ; costa very finely blackish, a subbasal blackish

spot; median line black, wavy, very fine, followed by a

second more obscure one just in front of the reniform stigma,

which latter is pale and obscure. Postmedian line dark grey,

suberenulate, excurved in the upper radial area; beyond this

line the area is greenish grey, with a subterminal row of

fine obscure spear-head spots, and a short fine black dash

between veins 3 and 4; termen finely black and deeply

erenulate. Secondaries with the basal half white, the outer

half blackish.

Expanse 34 mm.

Hab. Gunnal, Portuguese W. Africa ; November.

‘Type in my collection.

Aedia melanophaés, sp. n.

gd. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark slate-grey. Pri-

maries very dark slate-grey ; median line black, fine, trebly

exangled, immediately followed by a fine black figure 3 in

the centre of the wing ; reniform large, slightly tawny at its

external side, finely edged with black ; postmedian line

sharply defined, crenulate, black, receding basewards below

vein 3, the least trace of a subterminal line, dark internally,

tawny externally ; termen finely blackish. Secondaries

with the basal portion white, costa and terminal half sooty

grey.

Expanse 38 mm.

Hab. Gunnal, Portuguese W. Africa ; November.

Type in my collection.

Aedia iridocosma, sp. n.

3. Head ochreous grey, collar darker grey with an

ochreous reniform mark on each side darkly encircled ; thorax

ochreous grey, with darker grey patagia ; abdomen dark grey.

Primaries tawny with grey areas, median line irregular dark

brown ; cell grey up to this line, fold grey between this and

the postmedian line; reniform ochreous grey, postmedian

line crenulate, oblique, dark brown ; postmedian area lilac-

grey with fine deep chocolate-brown spear-head marks, each

side of which is broadly edged with olive-grey; termen

with dark chocolate-brown internervular spots. From the

median dark line there is an elliptical olive mark darkly

530 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

encircled above the grey area on the fold, and connected

with the postmedian line by a dark dash. Secondaries with

basal area white, outer half blackish. Fringes white at apex

and anal angle dark in lower radial area.

Expanse 34 mm.

Hab. Entebbe, Uganda (Jackson).

‘Type in my collection.

This possibly may be a form of A. discistriga, Walk., but

it is so very different in general appearance that I think it

must be distinct.

Remigia alypophanes, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax pinkish ochreous, abdomen greyish

ochreous. Primaries clear pinkish ochreous, the terminal

third being darkly suffused; median line grey palely edged

internally, nearly erect ; postmedian line subcrenulate, pro-

duced outwards behind the lead-grey reniform ; subterminal

line angled sharply below the apex, decidedly curved inwards

on each side of the angle ; termen crenulate, deeply pointed.

Secondaries straw-colour, with the terminal third blackish

brown.

9. Like the male, but the primaries are greyish, not

pink.

Expanse, ¢ 38, 2? 34 mm.

flab. Senegal.

Type in my collection.

Baniana glyphica, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax pale chocolate-grey, abdomen dark

grey. Primaries pale chocolate, a trace of an antemedian

line expanding on the fold into an irregular patch of deep

brown palely edged ; postmedian line fine, dark, edged with

creamy, expanding at the end of the cell into a reniform

large spot of deep brown palely edged ; orbicular represented

by a dark dot palely edged ; beyond the reniform is a broad

serrate stripe of olive-grey between veins 3 and 7 ; termen

crenulate with dark internervular points. Secondaries grey,

dark for the terminal third.

Expanse 40 mm.

Hab. Malange, Portuguese W. Africa ; November,

Type in my collection.

Baniana oxyprora, sp. n.

d. Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish brown, with a

Lepidoptera from Tropical Africa. 531

proximal tuft of very dark brown. Primaries brownish grey,

with a very large dark brown patch palely edged, occupying

all the central part of the wing to the inner margin and

sharply prowed about vein 2; termen finely dark, with a

fine cream inner edging. Secondaries brownish.

' Expanse 37 mm.

Hab, Lokoja District (100 miles north).

‘l'ype in my collection.

Baniana eucrines, sp. n.

d. Head, collar, and prothorax bright chestnut-colour,

thorax and abdomen ochreous grey, Primaries ochreous,

with a somewhat wedge-shaped median area of dark brown,

oblique on its inner margin and shortly toothed at the upper

margin of the cell, the outer margin being somewhat waved

and also angled as the inner margin, thus making a short

top bar of a T to the mark; the orbicular shows as a very

dark small spot palely edged, and the reniform is olive-

brown beyond the wedge mark, a small half-ovate olive

subapical costal patch ; termen and fringe pale olive-brown,

indefinite as to its inner boundary. Secondaries pale clear

straw-yellow.

Expanse 31 mm.

Hab. Northern Nigeria.

Type in my collection.

Baniana pammicta, sp. n.

3. Head, collar, and prothorax olive-brown, abdomen

dark grey. Primaries pale lilac-grey, with the terminal area

paler and less lilac ; median area olive-brown, edged oa each

side by a pale line, the costal area down to vein 3 being

produced well outwards into the postmedian area, the part

near the end of the cell is paler than the rest; a small olive-

brown cloud on the costa before the apex. Fringes olive-

brown. Secondaries dirty grey.

Expanse 32 mm.

Hab. N’Dalla Tando, Angola, 2700 feet; November

(Ansorge).

Type in my collection.

Lluza egearsia, sp. n.

¢d. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale coffee-brown. Both

wings pale coffee-brown, with a dark, very oblique stripe

running from the apex almost continuous through each wing.

A small spot at the end of the cell in the primaries.

532 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

Expanse 37 mm.

Hab. Gunnal, Portuguese W. Africa ; November.

Type in my collection.

Labanda malachitis, sp. n.

3d. Head and thorax greenish, with golden-yellow bars on

the frons. Primaries dark sage-green, with a dark grey basal

patch on the inner margin, terminated by the interrupted

antemedian black line; median line finely black, interrupted,

and angled, beyond which the ground is strongly suffused with

grey ; postmedian line finely black, irregular, deeply and

continuously dentate, edged externally by a pale green line;

subterminal line irregular, highly dentate, pale green, some

dentations extending into the termen; cell closed by a

whitish spot, pupilled with black, and having a small black

spot above it; fringes with black spots. Secondaries dark

sooty grey.

Expanse 40 mm.

Hab. Uganda; August (Jackson).

Type in my collection.

Antarchea rhodopa, sp. n.

@. Head and collar pinkish grey, thorax pink. Primaries

with the costa finely pink, upper portion of the wing dull

ochreous, including all the cell, at the end of which it

gradually tapers off to the apex, all the rest of the wing pink;

termen finely ochreous, invading the pink to about vein 3;

fringes pink. Secondaries cream-colour, with a greyish area

between the cell and the apex.

Expanse 29 mm.

Hab. Elburgon Railway Station (Uganda Railway) ; July.

Type in my collection.

RIVULANA, gen. nov.

Palpi upturned, shortly scaled, and with short hairs on the

upperside, second segment reaching above the vertex, end

segment minute ; patagiz very long and crest-like ; antenna

fasciculate. Fore legs deeply fringed with hair to the tarsus.

Wings with costa hollowed at first, then produced upwards in

a strong arch, slightly depressed at apex, which is subacute

on the termen but produced forward at the tornus. Neura-

tion: primaries with vein 2 from near middle of cell, 4 from

the angle, 5 from just above the angle, 6 from below the

angle; 7,8, and 9 stalked ; 8 and 9 on a very long stalk

Lepidopte ra from Tropical Africa. 533

quite close to the apex ; 10 and 11 from the cell, the former

arched upwards towards 11 at the base. Secondaries with

3 and 4 shortly stalked, 5 from just above the angle, 6 and 7

stalked, 8 shortly anastomosing at the base with the cell.

Type, Rivulana ochrea, B-b.

Rivulana ochrea, sp. n.

6. Head, thorax, abdomen, and primaries uniformly

creamy ochreous. Primaries with the reniform stigma dark

and a small blackish dash on the costa directly in front of

the apex; termen with black points. Secondaries pale

greyish brown.

Expanse 25 mm.

Hab. N’Dalla Tando, Angola, 2700 feet; October (An-

sorge).

‘l'ype in my collection.

Auchenisa callipona, sp. n.

3d. Head and frons whitish ; collar whitish mixed with

green, with a horizontal bar of blackish; palpi and proximal

part of pectus black, rest of pectus pure white; thorax

whitish, with a slight mixture of green; two black spots on

the prothorax (one on each side); abdomen blackish grey,

with whitish segmental divisions. Primaries white, largely

covered with sage-green scales ; a small basal black spot ;

antemedian line black, interrupted; median line black,

strongly dentate, and edged externally with pure white ; area

between these two lines green ; postmedian line black, crenu-

late, and dentate, edged more or less on each side with white ;

reniform black, edged laterally with white, having a black

spot above it ; this line is followed by a broad band of green,

leaving the terminal area very broadly pure white ; in this

area are two black spots, one below vein 2 and one on vein 5;

fringes white, with prominent internervular black spots.

Secondaries pure white, with fringes spotted as the primaries

and some black scales on the abdominal fold.

9. Like the male, with the addition in the secondaries

that there is a postmedian grey line beyond which the area is

more or less grey, decidedly grey at the apex.

Expanse, ¢ 58, 9 66 mm.

Hab. N’ Dalla Tando, Angola, 2700 feet ; November (An-

sorge).

Types in my collection.

Allied to A. schaus?, Holl., but the median area is not

black and the shape of the lines differs also.

534 Mr. G. IT. Bethune-Baker on new

TRISULANA, gen. nov.

Palpi thinly scaled, short, porrect, not reaching to half the

frons; proboscis developed; antennze broadly bipectinate

for two-thirds in male, fasciculate in female ; legs moderately

hairy. Eyessmooth ; thorax smoothly hairy ; abdomen with

a proximal tuft. Wings: primaries long, narrow. Second-

aries small, subovate. Neuration: primaries as in Auchenisa ;

secondaries with veins 3 and 4 from the angle, 5 from well

above the angle, 6 and 7 stalked, 8 anastomosing with the cell

quite shortly.

Type, Trisulana senex, B-B.

Trisulana senex, sp. n.

& ¢. Head and thorax greyish, abdomen yellowish grey.

Primaries yellowish grey, with a A-shaped black mark before

the middle of the inner margin, from the apex of which

ascends the blackish median line; reniform outlined in

black, beyond which to the postimedian line the ground is

much sutfused with dark grey scales; postmedian line

blackish, very irregular and dentate; termen spotted with

black. Secondaries whitish at the base, grey in the outer

area.

Expanse 46 mm.

Hab. N’Dalla Tando, Angola, 2700 feet; August and

January (Ansorge).

‘T'ype in my collection.

AMBLYPRORA, gen. nov.

Palpi upturned, scaled, second segment reaching nearly to

the vertex, end segment long ; antennz almost simple, the

cilia being most minute; head scaled, with long hairs be-

tween the eyes, bent forwards ; thorax densely hairy, hairs

long but not tufted ; abdomen with dorsal tufts on the five

proximal segments. Legs densely haired, tarsi with long

spines. Wings: primaries very broad, costa slightly ex-

cised, apex rounded and very slightly depressed, termen

boldly excurved: secondaries fairly ample, with termen well

excurved. Neuration: primaries similar to that of Auchenisa,

Holl. ; secondaries with veins 3 and 4 from the angle, 5 from

well above the angle, 6 and 7 from the upper angle, 8

anastomosing very shortly with the cell.

Type, Amblyprora acholi, B-B.

I described this species under the name Catephia acholi

(Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. xviii. p. 344, 1906).

Lepidoptera from Tropical Africa. 535

It is not, however, a Catephia, and it becomes necessary to

make a genus for it.

OSTACRONYCTA, gen. nov.

_ Palpi smoothly scaled, upturned, second segment reaching

halfway up the trons, third segment long; antenne in female

simple, vertex slightly crested ; metathorax with a central

tuft; proboscis fully developed. Legs: fore with long

fringes of hair; mid femora fringed with long hair, tibiz

sealed with short hairs; hind femora fringed with long

hair, tibia with a brush-like pencil of hairs from the middle

to the tarsal joint. Neuration: primaries with vein 3 from

before, 4 from theangle, 5 from well above the angle, 6 fromthe

upper angle; 7, 8, 9, and 10 stalked, 8 being given off from

9 close to the apex, which has a bar from 10 to form the

areole; 11 from the cell; veins 7 to 11 are closely appressed

together under the costa. Secondaries with cell quite short,

with 3 and 4 from the angle, 2 and 5 from close to the angle,

6 and 7 from the angle, 8 bent down to the cell and anasto-

mosing very shortly.

Type, Ostacronycta glaucopasta, B-B.

Ostacronycta glaucopasta, sp. n.

?. Palpi with the base of the second and third segments

black, tips white; frons white; vertex pale greenish ; collar

glaucous ; thorax pale greenish, with a few brown scales.

Primaries grey, with pale green patches and black lines,

giving a pleasing glaucous appearance, the grey scales being

superimposed over the green; base pale greenish, with

blackish dots; antemedian area dark grey, edged externally

by a blackish line twice angled sharply; median area

greenish, postmedian area grey, in the middle of which is the

fine, very irregular, acutely angled, and serrate black post-

median line ; a pale green costal patch extends through this ;

terminal area greenish, with termen finely black, very deeply

and definitely crenulate; a longish black dash just above the

tornus from the termen to the postmedian line. Secondaries

pure white, with the termen narrowly grey, which colour

extends finely along the veins for a short distance.

Expanse 42 mm.

Hab. Nairobi (Jackson).

Type in my collection.

Acantholipes tandoana, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax dove-grey, abdomen paler. Both

536 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

wings dove-grey. Primaries very finely and sparsely irrorated

with darker grey fine scales ; a small dark chocolate-brown

dash closes the cell, beyond which is the darkly irrorated grey

postmedian line ; subterminal line scalloped, with dark points

and a tawny outer edging; termen with dark internervalar

points. Secondaries with traces of two median transverse

grey lines, the postmedian line being more distinct ; termen

with dark internervular points.

Expanse 26 mm.

Hab. N’Dalla Tando, Angola, 2700 feet; November (An-

sorge).

‘T'ype in my collection.

Parathermes acutissima, sp. n.

g. Head, thorax, and abdomen ashy grey. Both wings

brown ash-grey. Primaries with a very oblique fine line

running from a third from the base of the inner margin

round the cell and back to about the middle of the costa ;

beyond this is the tawny oblique postmedian line, also

receding basewards just below the costa; neither of the lines

form an angle, only a deep curve; a trace of an irregular

subterminal grey line, followed by a series of dark points.

Secondaries with an oblique tawny antemedian line, a curved

median line, and a series of dark subterminal points.

Expanse 34 mm.

Hab. Malange, Portuguese W. Africa; November.

Type in my collection.

DeELrorpiIn2.

PARASIOPSIS, gen. nov.

Palpi upturned, heavily scaled, with second segment not

reaching up to the vertex, third segment short; antennz

fasciculate, with a single fine cilium at each segment. Head

with collar produced forward into a large prominent crest.

Legs densely hairy, mid pair with a short tibial brush, hind

with a long heavy tibial brush. Wings: primaries of

moderate width, costa straight, slightly depressed at apex,

termen evenly rounded. Neuration: primaries with vein 3

from well before the angle, 4 and 5 from the angle, 6 from

below the upper angle; 7, 8, and 9 stalked ; 10 and 11 from

the cell. Secondaries with 3 and 4 stalked, 5 from below

the middle of the cell, 6 and 7 very shortly stalked, 8 anasto-

mosing with the cell for a third.

Type, Parastopsis arcuata, B-B,

Lepidoptera from Tropical Africa. 537

Parasiopsis areuata, sp. n.

d. Head, thorax, and abdomen brown. Primaries brown,

tinged with chocolate-colour; a small dark spot at the end

of the cell, palely edged ;. subterminal line pale, irregular,

deeply incurved towards the cell, then rapidly advancing, and

terminating in a dark spot in the tornus; termen palely

dotted. Secondaries brownish grey.

Expanse 32 mm.

Hab. N’Dalla 'Tando, Angola, 2700 feet; October (An-

sorge).

‘’ype in my collection.

Nodaria melanopa, sp. n.

6. Antenne, head, and thorax dark brown; abdomen

greyish brown. Primaries blackish brown, with the cell and

beyond it darker than the rest of the wing; orbicular and

reniform just visible as darker spots ; a series of very fine

white points well before the termen ; termen darkly pointed.

Secondaries greyish brown.

Expanse 26 mm.

flab. Malange, Portuguese W. Africa.

Type in my collection.

Nodaria parallela, sp. n.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale brown. Both wings

pale brown. Primaries with the fine dark brown median

line finely edged with cream-colour and parallel with an

exactly similar postmedian line, both being slightly curved.

Termen finely cream-colour, with a fine darker internal

edging. Secondaries paler at the base than the outer

portion of the wing.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab, Malange, Portuguese W. Africa.

Type in my collection.

Nagadeba treicegcroma, sp. 0.

?. Head, thorax, and abdomen tawny ochreous. Both

wings tawny ochreous with darker lines. Primaries with an

antemedian irregular line, followed by an wregular median

line excurved round the end of the cell ; postmedian line

equally irregular, almost crenulate and dentate, beyond

which the ground-colour is grey ; a subterminal series of

very dark dots in a tawny band; termen finely dark, the

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 36

538 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

orbicular and reniform stigmata are represented by one and

two diaphanous spots respectively. Secondaries with a

similar series of markings omitting the antemedian line, a

diaphanous spot in the cell.

Expanse 30 mm.

Hab. Nairobi (Jackson).

Type in my collection.

Sarmatia albolineata, sp. n.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen dull brown. Primaries

dull brown with a dark dot at the end of the cell; post-

median line white, erect, narrow, followed by a broader line

of creamy brown, following which the ground-colour is darker

to the deeply angled (twice) subterminal line, which has two

white points just below the costa; a broad internervular

short terminal dash between veins 3 and 4, Secondaries

uniform greyish brown.

Expanse 34 mm.

Hab, N’Dalla Tando, Angola; January (Ansorge).

Type in my collection.

Catada n’dalla, sp. n.

¢. Palpi brown mixed with white scales. Head, thorax,

and abdomen darkish brown. Primaries brown, slightly

chocolate in tone up to the postmedian line, which is only

marked by a small curved white dash below the costa and by

the ground-colour being slightly paler beyond it. The

whole of the wing has a rough irrorated appearance.

Secondaries uniform dark greyish brown.

@. With the postmedian line sharply defined white,

before which the ground-colour is dark chocolate-brown, and

after which it is ochreous brown darkly irrorated.

Expanse, ¢ 24, ? 27 mm.

Hab. N’Dalla Tando, Angola, 2700 feet; November,

December (Ansorge).

Types in my collection.

Catada icelomorpha, sp. n.

&. Palpi, head, thorax, and abdomen brown. Primaries

with base dark brown, edged by a darker brown irregular

line, median area pinkish brown darkening near the post-

median line which is dark and oblique, the median area is

slightly ornamented with very fine short darker vertical

dashes ; postmedian and terminal areas quite dark with a

Lepidoptera from Tropical Africa.

slight admixture of ochreous scales. Secondaries greyish

brown.

Expanse 24 mm.

Hab, N’Dalla ‘Tando, Angola, 2700 feet; November

(Ansorge).

mn . .

I'ype in my collection.

Herminia zammodia, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax ochreous, abdomen greyish. Both

wings ochreous with grey irroration and markings, the grey

scales covering largely both wings. Primaries with only

one line, viz., the postmedian, which is fine, grey, crenulate,

and produced outwards in the radial area; termen mile

black dots. Secondaries with only one line, viz., the post-

median, which is like the same line in the primaries ; termen

with fine black internervular dashes.

?. Like the male but paler, and the grey irroration much

finer.

Expanse, ¢ 28, 2 31 mm.

Hab. N’Dalla Tando, Angola, 2700 feet ; November and

December (Ansorge).

Types in my collection.

ERhynchina paliscia, sp. n.

3. Palpi, head, thorax, and abdomen dirty brown, both

wings sooty brown with a trace of an antemedian dark line,

and somewhat more of a trace of a pale angled postmedian

line. ‘Termen with internervular dark dashes.

Expanse 27 mm.

Hab. Lokoja District (100 miles north).

Type in my collection.

Hypena reticulata, sp. n.

gd. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown. Both wings

dark brown ; primaries very finely reticulated all over with

darker brown ; cell with two blackish points. Secondaries

sooty brown.

Expanse 36 mm.

Hab. Kilimanjaro; February. Nairobi; April (Jackson).

Type in my collection.

Deinypena triangularis, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax dark brown. Primaries dark

chocolate-brown, with a short subbasal black lunule on the

36*

540 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

fold ; postmedian line dark, shortly oblique on the costa and

inner margin, waved, but nearly erect between these two

points, greyer beyond this line, a subtriangular irregular very

dark chocolate patch on the costa in front of the apex,

opposite which the termen is darkly clouded ; termen palely

edged with an outer margin of very dark internervular

dashes. Secondaries dark brown with a trace of a short

postmedian line; termen finely pale with internervular dark

dashes.

Expanse 40 mm.

Hab. Lokoja District (100 miles north).

Type in my collection.

Heterogramma stenoptera, sp. 0.

dg. Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish brown. Primaries

brownish grey, with an antemedian angled dark line, post-

median line dark angled once at the cell (as the previous

line) with a dark point at the angle, a trace of a series of

dark subterminal points ; termen with fine dark internervular

dashes. Secondaries brownish grey.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab. Malange, Portuguese W. Africa.

Type in my collection.

Naarda unipunctata, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and both wings sooty black, with a

small deep cream spot at reniform stigma followed by a

darker wavy line.

Expanse 14 mm.

Hab. Vokoja District (100 miles north),

Type in my collection.

Dichromia isosocles, sp. n.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen brown. Primaries dark

brown for the basal third, beyond which is a broad deep

cream isosceles triangle with the outer margin continuous

into the apex, this mark occupies most of the outer area of

the wing, the whole space being filled in with cream-colour,

except a small dark triangle below the costa; there is also

a very dark costal subapical triangle ; termen broadly brown,

with a white spot below the apex adjoining the cream stripe

running into the apex. Secondaries dark grey-brown, with

a short tawny creamy dash from the anal angle.

Lepidoptera from Tropical Africa. 541

Expanse 32 mm.

Hab. Malange, Portuguese W. Africa.

Type in my collection.

Thyridide.

Dysodia hyalotypa, sp. n.

3. Primaries ochreous grey, mixed with red on the fold,

beyond the cell a fiery-red square spot divided into four

small squares by grey lines; below this on the fold an

obscure ochreous patch. Secondaries with base metallic

crimson, mixed with fine dark cross-lines; a dark brown

patch at anal angle, above which is a large central almost

reniform hyaline patch, darkly edged all round, followed by

several ochreous spots, the lowest being large, the two above

it smaller; termen broadly dark reddish brown.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab. Gunnal, Portuguese W. Africa ; December.

Type in my collection.

Iridesmiodes cymeasticha, sp. n.

6. Head reddish, thorax and abdomen pearly white.

Both wings pearly white, with a series of about seven fine

lilac-grey wavy lines right across each wing. Primaries

with the costa reddish for the basal three-quarters.

Expanse 30 mm.

Hab. Lokoja District (100 miles north).

‘Type in my collection.

Near ansorget, Warren.

Iridesmiodes phricosticha, sp. n.

¢. Head and collar reddish, thorax and abdomen pearly

white. Both wings translucent pearly white, with a series of

wavy greyish-ochreous lines. Primaries with the postmedian

line accentuated, the orbicular rather marked; the sub-

terminal line accentuated, double, and filled in with bright

pink in both wings, these are followed by a marked dark

series of internervular dashes, beginning in the primaries in

two subapical dots. Costa of primaries reddish.

Expanse 32 mm.

Hab, Lokoja District (100 miles north),

‘Type in my collection.

Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

Rhodoneura palairanta, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax tawny red. Both wings creamy

whitish, entirely sprinkled all over with lines and minute

reticulations of bright tawny red. Primaries with reticu-

Jations so close that the ground-colour is only visible

slightly in the median area; the postmedial oblique line is

the only prominent one. Costa and termen dark red.

Secondaries with the reticulations less numerous, making the

ground-colour more visible.

Expanse 30 mm.

Hab. Lokoja District (100 miles north).

‘l'ype in my collection.

LXII.—Deseriptions of new Species of Lepidoptera from New

Guinea. By G. I’. Beruune-Baker, F.L.S., F.Z.S.

My measurements, as usual, have been taken by doubling

the distance from the centre of the thorax to the apex of the

wing.

RHOPALOCERA.

Lyczyvinzt.

Nacaduba metriodes, sp. n.

6. Both wings dull violet-blue with fine dark termen, on

the secondaries expanding at the anal angle by the tail

rather broadly. Underside: both wings dirty grey, with

spots and bars palely edged. Primaries with an antemedian

bar in the cell and extending just below it, a similar one

closing the cell extending to the costa, a waved series of six

postmedian confluent spots, a terminal series of lunules.

Secondaries with a series of three basal spots, each extending

slightly beyond (outwards) the other ; a bar closing the cell,

with one above it shifted inwards ; a curved series of eight

postmedian confluent spots, the second spot shifted right out,

third and fourth confluent slightly out, fitth, sixth, and seventh

each slightly inwards, eighth right inwards; a series of

terminal lunules, that at the tail being black edged with red

above.

Expanse 28 mm,

Lepidoptera from New Guinea. 543

Hab. Dinawa, B. New Guinea, 4000 feet ; May and June

(Pratt).

Type in my collection.

Agaristide.

Fleterusia subnigra, sp. n.

6. Ilead, thorax, and abdomen deep sooty black. Both

wings deep sooty black. Primaries with a broad oblique

postmedian stripe across the end of the cell. Secondaries

uniform black.

Expanse 38 mm.

Hab. Arfak Mountains, Datch New Guinea.

Type in Coll. Kenrick.

Noctuide.

SricroPpTEeRINz.

Gyrtona mediolineata, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax rufous-brown, abdomen darker brown.

Primaries purplish brown, with a broad, pale, narrow, in-

definite stripe from base through the cell to the termen ;

below this is a broad, straight, dark dash ; a trace of a post-

median dark irregular spotted line; termen darkly dotted.

Secondaries uniform grey-brown, becoming hyaline at the

base.

Expanse 24 mm.

Hab. Arfak Mountains, Dutch New Guinea.

Type in Coll. Kenrick.

Dexrrorvin#.

Hypena arfaki, sp. n.

d. Head and thorax dark grey, with whitish scales; abdo-

men grey. Primaries olive-grey, closely irrorated with fine

whitish scales; an irregular, serrate, excurved antemedian

pale line, edged externally with olive-grey ; postmedian line

irregular, waved, white, edged internally with olive-grey

and externally broadly with whitish scales, beyond which is a

broad, irregular, dentate band of olive-grey ; terminal area

greyer, with a dark dash about vein 6, above which are two

blackish dots edged externally with white; termen with

internervular dashes, some with pale internal edging.

Secondaries greyish brown.

544 Mr. G. Dollman on a new

Expanse 34 mm.

Hab. Ninay Valley, Dutch New Guinea, 3600 feet (Pratt).

Type in my collection,

Geometride.

BosRrMrAvz.

Abraxas arfaki, sp. n.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen slate-grey, the latter with

orange segmental divisions. Both wings slate-grey. Pri-

maries with a small white spot in the cell and a large irre-

gular one at end of cell; three small white subapical spots in

a curve, two white rectangular spots above the tornus, a very

broad white dash in the middle of the inner margin up to

vein 2. Secondaries with the median area very broadly

white and a subterminal row of white rectangular spots.

Expanse 53 mm.

Hab. Arfak Mountains, Dutch New Guinea (Pratt).

Type in Coll. Kenrick.

Near A. albiguadrata, Warren.

Tineide.

Daulia treicletota, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown, patagia

creamy. Primaries pale greyish brown, with three broad

bars across the wings slightly darker in colour, edged laterally

with dark brown, the postmedian bar being D-shaped, the

terminal one erect and rather narrower than the other two.

Secondaries pale brownish grey.

Kixpanse 34 mm.

ee’ Dinawa, B. New Guinea, 4000 feet; September

(Pratt).

Type in my collection.

LXIII.—On a new Black-tailed Rat from South Africa.

By Guy DoLiMan.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Epimys nigricauda kalaharicus, subsp. n.

Related to Epimys nigricauda, Thos., but smaller in size

and much paler in colour, .

}

Black-tailed Rat from South Africa. 545

Size of body and hind foot markedly smaller than in

nigricauda; tail rather shorter. General colour of dorsal

surface pale grey, faintly tinged with yellowish down the

middle of the back. Flanks pale greyish white with no buff-

coloured suffusion. Hairs of back pale slate-grey with

yellowish-grey tips; interspersed are a number of rather

long dark brownish hairs, but much less evident than in

nigricauda. Face and head pale grey, rather darker on the

posterior part of head. Ocular rings dark brownish black,

the general effect a good deal less marked than in nigricauda

and with no suggestion of the dark markings spreading on

to the nose. Ears clothed with yellowish-buff hairs. Backs

ot hands and feet white. Entire underparts white, ventral

surface rather less sharply marked off from the flanks than

in nigricauda; hairs of belly white throughout. ‘Tail similar

in colour, but hairs considerably shorter, especially on the

apical portion of the tail.

Skull much smaller than that of nigricauda, with shorter

nasals and palatal foramina. Zygomatic breadth a great

deal less. Molar teeth rather smaller. Unfortunately the

only adult skulls of négricauda in the Museum collection are

imperfect, and it is at present impossible to compare the

cranial regions of the two forms.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 135 mm.; tail 161; hind foot 25;

ear 24°5.

Skull: greatest length 33°2; basilar length 27; condylo-

incisive length 315; zygomatic breadth 17 ; interorbital

constriction 4°3 ; squamosal breadth of craniam 153 length

of nasals 12-2; palatilar length 14-1; length of palatal

foramina 7°4; length of upper molar series 5:7.

Hab. Molopo River, South Africa. Altitude 3000 feet.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 10.6.3.34. Original

number 11. Collected on April 25th, 1909, by Mr. R. B.

Woosnam and presented to the British Museum by the

Subscribers to the Lake Ngami Expedition.

While working out the mammals collected by Mr. Woos-

nam during the Ngami Expedition, I provisionally identified

the type of this new form as E. nigricauda, the type skull

of nigricauda being too broken to be of any use for com-

parative purposes. Since then, however, some further

specimens of nigricauda, collected by Dr. Ansorge in Mos-

samedes, have been acquired by the Museum, and it is at

once evident, on comparing the skull of the Molopo specimen

with an adult skull of nigricauda, that the two forms are

quite distinct.. ‘The skins of the series from Mossamedes are

546 Dr. W. T. Calman on an Epizoic Hydroid

so like that of the typical nigricauda both in general colour

and dimensions that there can be little doubt that they

represent the same species. The following dimensions are

those of an adult male nigricauda collected by Dr. Ansorge

at Bombomé, Mossamedes, Angola :—

Dimensions (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 160 mm.; tail 191; hind foot 31;

ear 22.

Skull (broken) : zygomatic breadth 19 ; length of nasals

15:2; palatilar length 17-6; length of palatal foramina 8°7 ;

alveolar length of upper molar series 6.

The much smaller size and paler colour at once distinguish

the Molopo race from true nigricauda.

The following is Mr. Woosnam’s note on the habits of

this rat :—

“These mice frequent the Kameel-thorn forests all over

the Kalahari, especially where tle trees are large, and they

seem more numerous in the neighbourhood of water. They

breed and spend all the daytime in the trees, only coming

down on to the ground at night to feed. ‘They generally

choose an old hollow tree, into which a great quantity of dry

grass is packed, sometimes as much as 20 feet from the

ground. By setting fire to the nest they are easily smoked

out, but not so easily caught, as they are very expert

climbers and jump from the ends of a bough into a bush and

so to the ground and escape in the grass.”

LXIV.—An Epizoic Hydroid on a Crab from Christmas

Island. By W.'T. Cauman, D.Sc.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

AmonG the Crustacea obtained by Mr. R. Kirkpatrick on a

recent visit to Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) is a small

crab belonging to the family Xanthide, which attracted

notice by having a hydroid polyp attached, like a tassel, at

the ‘“‘knee”’ of each of its legs.

While it is very common to find hydroids attached to

spider-crabs of the group Oxyrhynchia, it is much more rare

in the case of crabs belonging to other divisions of the

Brachyura. Further, in the Oxyrhyncha the association is

more or less accidental, the hydroids being no more closely

or constantly connected with the crab than any of the other

on a Crab from Christmas Island. 547

organisms, plant or animal, which it plucks from its sur-

roundings to “‘mask” its shell. The present case seems to

deserve record on account of two circumstances, which suggest

that the association is here of a more intimate and constant

character: the first is the symmetrical way in which the

hydroid colony is disposed with regard to the crab; the

second is the fact that the type specimens of the species to

which the crab belongs, although coming from a distant

locality, are found om re-examination to carry colonies of a

closely similar, perhaps identical, species of hydroid.

The crab belongs to the species described by Miers * from

the ‘Challenger’ collections as Medeus haswelli. It is a

female, about 6°7 mm. in width across the carapace, and

was dredged at a depth of 45 fathoms off Flying Fish

Cove, Christmas Island. On comparing it with the three

imperfect type specimens from ‘Twofold Bay, New South

Wales (150 fathoms), the only difference that can be detected

is that the teeth of the antero-lateral margins, as well as the

granules on the surface of the body and chelipeds, are rather

less prominent and acute in the specimen from Christmas

Island. It is to be noted, however, that Miers’s figure is not

quite accurate as regards the outline of the carapace, the

distance from the outer angle of the orbit to the first antero-

lateral tooth being considerably exaggerated.

I cannot find that Miers’s species has been recorded or

discussed by any author since its description. So far as can

be judged from the material examined, its affinity with the

genus Medeus is by no means clear. The characteristic

prolongation of the antero-lateral margin below the orbit is

represented, as Miers says, ‘‘ merely by a very obscure line of

granules,” and it is hard to find any other character which

might justify the assignment of the species to Medeus, On

the other hand, the proportions of the front and of the fronto-

orbital border suggest that the species should be referred to

the subfamily Chlorodiine of Alcock’s classification f, and it

does not seem to differ in any important character from some

of the species included in the genus Xanthias (= Xanthodes)

in that subfamily. I propose, therefore, to refer to it as

Xanthias haswelli.

The hydroid is a gymnoblastie species, of which, in the

absence of gonophores, the systematic position cannot be

exactly determined. It has a creeping hydrorhiza, about

‘07 mm. in width, closely adherent to the surface of the crab,

* Rep. Brachyura ‘Challenger,’ p. 117, pl. xi. fig. 2 (1886),

+ Journ, Asiatic Soc. Bengal, Ixyii. pt. 11. p. 78 (1898),

548 Dr. W. T. Calman on an Epizoie Hydroid

and invested by a delicate membranous perisare. There is

no hydrocaulus, the polyps .springing directly from the

hydrorhiza, the perisare of which can with difficulty be seen

to be continued upwards for a very short distance at the base

of each. The largest polyps are about *5 mm. in height in

the preserved state, obconical in shape, expanding from a

narrow base to about ‘2 mm. in diameter at the distal end.

The tentacles are 10-12 in number, set in a single whorl,

surrounding a low convex hypostome. The branches of the

hydrorhiza are largely isolated, anastomosing here and there,

and only in one or two places showing a tendency to form a

closer network.

In the characters of the hydrorhiza and of the sterile polyps

the species appears to approach most nearly to the genus

Stylactis, Allman, which already includes several species of

similar epizoic habits, e. g., S. vermicola, Allman *, and

S. minoi, Alcock T (the latter more recently transferred to

Podocoryne by Stechow}). From these and all the other

species hitherto referred to the genus the form now described

differs in the number of tentacles and in the low rounded form

of the hypostome. In view of the uncertainty as to its

generic position, however, it appears premature to distinguish

it by a specific name.

The disposition of the hydroid colony on the surface of the

crab deserves further description. On the dorsal surface of

the carapace no polyps are developed, but the hydrorhiza

follows closely the inter-regional grooves, so that, when

viewed with the naked eye or with a lens of low power, most

of the regions appear to be sharply defined by a narrow line.

The arrangement is not absolutely symmetrical, but it is

possible that in one or two places the hydrorhiza may be

imperfectly preserved. Each of the legs carries a single

trunk of hydrorhiza which runs along the merus just behind

its upper edge, apparently following, in the case of the walking-

legs, an ill-defined groove between the marginal row of spini-

form tubercles and a second row on the posterior face of the

segment. On the chelipeds this trunk spreads out in an

irregular fashion on the carpus, tending to form a network

of which the meshes are occupied by the granules of the

carpus; the carpus bears two polyps of unequal size in

approximately corresponding positions on each of the cheli-

peds ; the hydrorhiza is continued along the upper edge of

* Rep. Hydroida ‘ Challenger,’ pt. ii. p. 2, pl. i. figs. 2, 2.@ (1888).

+ Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) x. p. 207, fig. (1892).

} Zool. Anz, xxxii. p. 752 (1908); Abh. math.-phys. Kl. k. Bayer.

Akad. Wiss. i, Suppl. Bd., Abh. 6, p. 17, pl. iv. fig. 8 (1909),

;

on a Crab from Christmas Island. 549

the hand, where it bears a single polyp. On the walking-

legs the main trunk of the hydrorhiza, on reaching the joint

between the merus and carpus, divides into two branches

which cross the joint at the condyle on each side, where the

extent of movement is least, and reunite to run along tlie

upper edge of the carpus and propodus. On each leg, at the

point of reunion of the branches, near the proximal end of

the carpus, a polyp is attached.

All the polyps mentioned, namely, two on the carpus and

one on the propodus of the cheliped and one on tlie carpus of

each walking-leg, are symmetrically developed on both sides

of the crab. Only two small polyps are unsymmetrically

situated, one on the upper edge of the merus of the right

cheliped and one at the distal end of the merus of the pen-

ultimate leg on the left side.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1—NXanthias haswelli (Miers) from Christmas Island, carrying an

epizoic hydroid (Stylactis (?) sp.). X 5.

Fig. 2.—Stylactis (?) sp., one of the polyps further enlarged. The form

of the hypostome is indicated by a dotted line.

As already mentioned, the three type specimens of Xanthias

haswelli show the remains of similar hydroid colonies. The

hydrorhiza outlines the areas of the carapace much as in the

Christmas Island specimen, and no doubt accounts for Miers’s

remark, ‘the sutures defining the various regions of the

dorsal surface very distinct.” The polyps are very badly

preserved, having apparently suffered drying, and it is not

possible to state whether they agree in structure with those

550 Bibliographical Notices.

of the Christmas Island specimen ; in one point they certainly

differ, for all the polyps observed are on the dorsal surface of

the carapace, mostly between or near the antero-lateral teeth.

The few remaining limbs show portions of hydrorhiza in the

same positions as described above, but no polyps.

In addition to the hydroid the Christmas Island specimen

of the crab carried a number of individuals of a very minute

solitary entoproctous Bryozoan probably belonging to the

genus Lowosoma, Many of these were attached to or in

the near neighbourhood of the hydrorhiza, but they showed

no tendency to a symmetrical arrangement on the two sides

of the crab.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

Atlas of Zoogeography. Prepared by J. G. Barrnotomew, LL.D.,

F.R.S.E., W. Eacte Crarxs, F.R.S.E., F.L.S., and Percy H.

Grimsuaw, F.R.S.E., F.E.S. Bartholomew & Co.: Edinburgh

Geographical Institute, 1911.

‘“‘ THE object,” we are told, “ of the present volume is to delineate

and describe, so far as the state of our knowledge permits, the

present distribution of the higher animals over the surface of the

Earth. This undertaking..... is entirely the result of original

researches into the zoological literature of all countries. All the

families of Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, and Amphibians, together with

several of the more important genera and species, have been dealt

with, while the work embraces in addition most of the families of

Fishes and a selection of families and genera of Molluscs and

Insects.”

The authors in undertaking this work set themselves a formid-

able task, which they have achieved with conspicuous success,

providing a work of reference which will be of the highest value

both as a repository of our knowledge to-day and as a basis for

further research.

In the case of a work which gives evidence of so much study and

care in the preparation it seems ungracious to suggest that it is in

any sense defective. Yet we cannot help regretting the omission

of the late Dr. Bowdler Sharpe’s map of the zoogeographical regions,

for he was an authority of great weight on this subject, and his

map founded on the distribution of birds contained much valuable

and suggestive material. Happily the maps of Russel Wallace,

Sclater, Heilprin, and Lydekker are given, and the marine areas of

Ortmann and Sclater respectively.

The text has been condensed within an amazingly small compass

(we cannot help thinking unnecessarily so), and we hope that if a

further edition is called for this will be remedied. Another dozen

pages or so would surely not add greatly to the cost of a book

already expensive, and it would materially increase its usefulness.

ne |

—s

Geological Society. a

U.S. Department of Agriculture: Bureau of Biological Survey.

North American Fauna, No. 31 (Oct. 19, 1910), Revision of the

Wood Rats of the Genus Neotoma. By Epwarp A. Goipmay, Field

Naturalist, Biological Survey. Prepared under the direction of

Henry W. Hensuaw, Chief of Bureau of Biological Survey. Wash-

ington. Pp. 107; pls. 8 and 14 illustrations in the text.

Tue present monograph includes 70 species, divided into 3 sub-

genera—NVeotoma, Homodontomys, and T'eonoma; a tew forms are

here described as new. These rats are confined to North and Central

America, and are most numerous in the west and south; in the Hudson

Bay Region and the upper part of the Mississippi Valley they are

absent. An interesting account is given of their habits, and they

are sometimes destructive to crops, and especially to stored grain,

as well as to various shrubs ; in Mexico some species are used for

food by the inhabitants. In California it has lately been discovered

that they are liable to become infected with plague.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

March 22nd, 1911.—Prof. W. W. Watts, Sc.D., M.Se., F.R.S.,

President, in the Chair,

The following communications were read :—

1. ‘On Some Mammalian Teeth from the Wealden of Hastings.’

By Arthur Smith Woodward, LL.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., Sec.G.S.

Mr. Charles Dawson, F.S.A., F.G.S., has obtained two imperfect

molars, apparently of Plagiaulax, from beds of grit in the Wealden

near Hastings; and his associates in the work of exploration,

Messrs. P. Teilhard de Chardin and Félix Pelletier, have found a

well-preserved multituberculate molar of the form named Dipriodon

by Marsh. These specimens are described.

2. ‘Faunal Horizons in the Bristol Coalfield” By Herbert

Bolton, F.R.S.E., F.G.S., Curator of the Bristol Natural History

Museum.

The Author has been engaged for three years in the examination

of the Coal Measures of the Bristol Coalfield, and has determined

552 Geological Society.

the existence of faunal horizons at the collieries of South Liberty,

Easton, Hanham, Speedwell Deep, and Coalpit Heath in the Bristol

and Gloucestershire area, and at Ludlows, Middle Pit, Tyning,

Wellsway, Writhlington, Foxcote, Dunkerton, Newbury, and

Mackintosh collieries in the Radstock area. A measured section

of 760 feet between the Ashton Great Vein and the Bedminster

Great Vein at the South Liberty colliery, Bristol, has been exa-

mined in detail, and four faunal horizons discovered. These

horizons occur at 134, 284, 286, and 637 feet respectively below

the Bedminster Great Vein. In every case the fauna was marine

in character, and the Author’s work shows that the Ashton and

Bedminster Series of Bristol, the Coalpit Heath and Parkfield Series

of the northern part of the Coalfield, and the Vobster Series of

Radstock are all characterized by a fauna agreeing with the typical

fauna of the Lower Coal Measures of the coalfields of the Midlands,

and of Lancashire and Yorkshire.

Species of Carbonicola are rare, while the cephalopod and fish

fauna is poor. The Second or Farrington Series of the Upper Coal

Measures has yielded Lingula mytiloides, several species of ostracods,

four species of Anthracomya, and scales of Strepsodus sauroides.

Celacanthus elegans has been found in the First or Upper Radstock

Series. The presence of marine phases in the Bristol Coalfield is

confirmatory of the evidence obtained by Mr. W. H. Dyson in the

Yorkshire Coalfield, where an extensive fauna has been found in

four horizons above the Barnsley Coal.

In the Bristol, as in the Yorkshire Coalfield, the marine fauna

undergoes no marked change in its upward range, specific identity

being retained in the uppermost horizons, while new species are

rare.

Insect-wings referred to the genus Genentomum have been found

at one horizon in the South Liberty colliery, Bristol, 637 feet below

the Bedminster Great Vein ; while the rare phyllopod, Leaza leidyit,

var. salteriana, hitherto only known from the Lower Carboniferous

of Fifeshire, was found in great abundance in the roof-shales over

the High Vein of the Parkfield Series at Coalpit Heath Colliery.

Frequently the specimens occurred in dense clusters, the latter

being distributed over the surface of the slabs of shale. The

smallest are not more than 2 millimetres in length, the largest

reaching 8 mm.; hundreds of examples were found. The total

number of species now recorded by the Author from the Bristol

Coalfield amounts to seventy-four: they are as follows :—Echino-

dermata 1; Vermes 2; Brachiopoda 9; Pelecypoda 25; Gastero-

poda 13; Cephalopoda 8; Arthropoda 6; and Pisces 10.

- ~

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTO RY.

[KIGHTH SERIES.

No. 47. NOVEMBER 1911.

LXV.—The Classification of the Teleostean Fishes of the

Order Ostariophyst.—2. Siluroidea*. By C. Tate Reean,

M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tue Siluroids may be thus defined :—Ostariophysi with the

body naked or covered with bony plates, the mouth non-

protractile and the branchiostegal rays often numerous ;

parietals, symplectic, and suboperculum absent; second,

third, and fourth vertebre ankylosed to form a complex to

which the fifth is rigidly attached ; parapophyses ankylosed

with centra ; epipleurals and epineurals absent.

As in all Ostariophysi, there is no basisphenoid, but an

orbitosphenoid is always present ; the latter joins the frontals

above, the parasphenoid below, the lateral ethmoids in front,

and the alisphenoids behind. There is no opisthotic, but

the other otic bones are present; the epiotics are rarely

prominent, but in the Doradidz they are important elements

of the cranial roof. The premaxillaries are typically fixed,

but in the Callichthyidee and Loricariide they are movably

articulated with the mesethmoid; sometimes the toothed

premaxillaries extend right back to the angle of the mouth

(Wallago, Ageniosus, Asterophysus), and the posterior exten-

sion may segment off as a distinct bone (Hutropiichthys),

* The Cyprinoidea have been dealt with in a separate paper, supra,

p. 13.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 37

554 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

simulating a toothed maxillary. In Diplomystes the maxil-

lary is expanded distally and toothed, but in all other Silu-

roids it is toothless, serving only as the base of a barbel; in

Eutropiichthys the small toothless maxillary bears a barbel

and articulates with the anterior end of the palatine just as

in the closely allied Schilbichthys. The palatine articulates

with the lateral ethmoid and bears the maxillary ; the ptery-

goid, when present, is small, connecting the palatine with

the mesopterygoid ; the metapterygoid is always well deve-

loped, suturally united with the quadrate and usually with

the hyomandibular. The operculum and interoperculum are

constantly present; the lower pharyngeals are toothed

(except in some Loricariidz), separate (except in Hypo-

phthalmus), opposed to a single pair of dentigerous patches

supported by the third and fourth pharyngobranchials, the

first and second being absent.

The pectoral arch of the Siluroids is highly character-

istic; the post-temporal, when present, is a small plate

rigidly attached to the skull, overlying the suture between

epiotic and pterotic and reaching the supraoccipital ; distally

it overlaps the proximal extremity of the supra-cleithrum,

which is typically forked, the upper limb usually rigidly

attached to pterotic and epiotic, the lower to the basi-

occipital; sometimes the lower limb is absent (Claride,

Callichthyide, Loricariide); the distal part, “stem,” of the

supra-cleithrum, beyond the fork, is deeply cleft to form

a socket for the head of the cleithrum. The mesocoracoid

is usually present, but is wanting in three families, Aride,

Doradidee, and Bunocephalide ; the hypocoracoids usually

form an interlocking symphysis behind that of the cleithra,

but in certain groups (Siluridz, Trichomycteridz) they taper

forwards below and do not form a symphysis. The pectoral

radials are three in number, the first short, the outer ones

more or less elongate.

The centrum of the first vertebra is a disc, rigidly united

and often ankylosed to the basioccipital and to the complex

centrum, which is formed by the fusion of the second, third,

and fourth; the first parapophysis is that of the fourth

vertebra, corresponding to the os suspensorium of the

Cyprinoids; the fifth vertebra is rigidly attached to the

complex and its parapophysis also supports the air-bladder.

The sixth and following vertebre usually bear ribs attached

to normal parapophyses, but the anterior (Pseudecheneis,

Callichthys, Doumeine) or all (Corydoras, Loricariidee, Buno-

cephalidée) the ribs may be sessile.

The ‘nuchal shield,” which is so characteristic of many

Classification of the Order Ostariophysi. 555

Siluroids, is formed by a process of the supraoccipital and

by three plates which are expansions of the distal ends of

the “interneurals ” (basalia+radalia) of the first three rays

of the dorsal fin. These bones are directed obliquely up-

wards and backwards, in such a way that the fin-ray articu-

lates with the distal end of its own radial and also rests

upon the upper part of the one behind it; when the second

dorsal ray forms a spine it is the third interneural which

becomes enlarged to support it, whilst the second bears the

short anterior spine and the first is set free, sometimes ex-

panding to form the first nuchal plate.

The air-bladder, when well developed, differs from that of

the Cyprinoids in that it is divided into anterior and _ poste-

rior divisions not by a constriction but by an internal

partition ; the posterior division is rendered non-distensible

by the development of longitudinal and transverse septa,

whilst the anterior gives rise to the pneumatic duct, is

connected with the tripus, and usually extends laterally to

beneath the skin above the pectoral fin. The parapophysis

of the fourth vertebra is usually divided into an anterior

branch, decurved and firmly attached distally to the stem of

the supra-cleithrum, and a posterior horizontal branch ;

these give attachment to the anterior and dorsal walls of the

anterior chamber of the air-bladder.

Modifications of the simple condition just described may

be of two kinds—(1) The anterior ramus of the para-

pophysis of the fourth vertebra loses its attachment to the

supra-cleithrum, its proximal end forms a thin laminar stem

and its distal end an expanded plate, inserted in the wall of

the air-bladder and furnished with a muscle attached ante-

riorly to the skull, the whole forming an “ elastic spring

mechanism.” A posterior diverticulum of the air-bladder

is often found in Siluroids with this arrangement, which

occurs in the Doradide, Pangasiide, Synodontide, and

Malopteruridz.

(2) The air-bladder is reduced, the posterior part dis-

appearing and the anterior part becoming divided into two

lateral portions which may be completely disconnected ;

concurrently the fourth aud fifth transverse processes tend to

surround and encapsule the air-bladder, in the most specialized

types forming complete bony cylinders, open only at their

outer ends.

Giinther* regarded the Siluroids as a single family, and

his classification, based on external characters only,

* Cat. Fish. y. (1864),

37*

556 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

was in most respects satisfactory. Several authors have

given family names to some of Giinther’s groups*, and of

these the Eigenmanns tf have utilized differences in the

structure of the vertebral column and the air-bladder in

order to characterize the South-American families. Bou-

lenger { separated off as two families the Siluroids with all

the ribs sessile, retaining the remainder in one family,

Siluridse, divided into eight subfamilies characterized by the

length of the dorsal and anal fins, the freedom or union with

the isthmus of the gill-membranes, &c., the majority of these

groups being unnatural.

Bridge aud Haddon’s § great memoir on the Siluroid air-

bladder is of considerable service in working out the classifi-

cation. Comparatively little has been written on the

osteology of the Siluroids, although Koschkaroff || has

recently given a useful account, with figures, of the skeletons

of several genera. The scheme here put forwardis based on

the examination of a large series of skeletons, and a far

greater number of families is recognized and defined than in

any previous system. The majority of these are much

better characterized than most of the families of Percoids ;

the differences between the Lutianide and Sciznide, for

example, are trifling compared with those between the Syno-

dontidz and Doradidz, which have usually been associated

in the same subfamily.

In the following account I place first the Diplomystide,

more generalized than any of the others in the normally

formed toothed maxillary and in the simple attachment of

the fifth vertebra to the complex. Next the Ariide and

Doradide are considered, generalized in form and in fin-

structure, but aberrant in the loss of the mesocoracoid, and

they are followed by the Plotosidee and Siluride, which

have a very long anal fin, but are primitive in some other

characters, such as the many-rayed pelvic fins. Then come

the Bagridze, widely distributed in Asia and Africa, and they

are followed by the North-American Amiuridz and by a

number of Old-World families which may be regarded as

* Gill (Smithson. Misc. Coll. xi. 1872) named, but defined only by

references to Gtinther’s Catalogue, the families Hypophthalmide, 'I'richo-

mycteride, Siluride, Chacidee, Plotoside, Clariidie, Callichthyide, Argi-

ide, Loricariide, Sisoride, and Aspredinide.

+ Occ. Papers Calif. Acad. i. (1890).

t Cambridge Nat. Hist. Fish. p. 586 (1904).

§ Phil. Trans. clxxxiy. (B) 1893, p. 65.

|| Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscow, 1905, p. 209. The genera described are

Loricaria, Synodontis, Macrones or a related genus wrongly named

Akysis, Clarias, Stlurus, Arius, Eutropius, Malopterurus. 3

Classification of the Order Ostariophys?. 557

specialized Bagrids, Amblycepidz, Sisoride, Amphiliidie,

Chacide, Schilbeidze, Clariidee, Pangasiide, Synodontide,

and Malopteruridz. The neotropical Siluroids (except the

Doradidz) come last, and these begin with the Pimelodide,

which represent the Bagridz in South America, and are

followed by the Helogenide, Hypophthalmide, Tricho-

mycteridze, and Bunocephalide, ending with the highly

specialized Callichthyide and Loricariide, which are the

most aberrant fishes of the order.

Family 1. Diplomystide. (Fig. 2, C.)

Body naked, moderately elongate. Gill- membranes

united, but free from isthmus. Dorsal fin anterior, with a

spine; adipose fin present; anal short; pclvics 6-rayed ;

pectoral with a spine. Nostrils close together; a pair of

maxillary but no other barbels ; preemaxillaries fixed; max-

illary well developed, toothed, expanded distally, and proxi-

mally articulated with both heads of the palatine; bands of

villiform teeth in jaws, obtuse teeth on the vomer. Palatine

forked anteriorly; no pterygoid; mesopterygoid very small,

connecting metapterygoid with vomer; metapterygoid at-

tached to palatine anteriorly and to orbitosphenoid internally ;

head of hyomandibular broad, articulating with pterotic,

sphenotic, and alisphenoid. Post-temporal present; supra-

cleithrum forked; mesocoracoid present; hypocoracoids

narrowed forward below, not meeting. Vertebre42(17 + 25) ;

ribs on parapophyses; fifth vertebra rigidly attached to

complex, but not forming interlocking sutures; _para-

pophysis of fifth vertebra normal, of fourth a transverse

lamina with a stout somewhat decurved anterior process

firmly attached to the stem of supra-cleithrum ; first centrum

well developed, separating complex from basioccipital.

Diplomystes papillosus from Chili and Argentina.

In all the remaining Siluroids the maxillary is slender,

toothless, and the fifth and complex vertebre unite by inter-

locking sutures or are ankylosed or united by investing bone.

Family 2. Ariide.

Naked, moderately elongate; gill-membranes united,

forming a fold across isthmus. Dorsal fin anterior, with a

spine ; adipose fin present; anal short or of moderate

length; pelvics 6-rayed; pectoral with a spine. Mouth

terminal; teeth in jaws and often on palate; nostrils

usually close together, without barbel ; maxillary and one or

two pairs of mandibulary barbels. Epiotics with posterior

558 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

laminze which (except in Galeichthys) extend to and unite

with the posterior rami of the parapophyses of the fourth

vertebra; a pair of large thin-walled bulle formed by pro-

otic, pterotic, and exoccipital ; a stout subconical inferior

process at the junction of basioccipita]l and complex vertebra.

Palatine rod-like; pterygoid, when present (#lurichthys)

very small, adherent to lower surface of posterior part of

palatine; mesopterygoid small, lying between the lateral

ethmoid and the large metapterygoid. Post-temporal

present; supra-cleithrum with stout lower limb united by

suture with basioccipital ; no mesocoracoid; hypocoracoids

interlocking below. Vertebre 48 to 58 (22-29+4 27-33) ;

ribs on well-developed parapophyses ; one, two, or three rib-

bearing vertebre (sixth to eighth) rigidly united to fifth and

complex by a backward extension of investing bone over

their centra; parapophysis of fifth vertebra enlarged, sutu-

rally united to that of the fourth, which is an expanded

lamina with a decurved anterior process rigidly attached to

the limb of supra-cleithrum. Air-bladder large, free, normal.

Fishes of the shores and estuaries of tropical and sub-

tropical regions, a few species perhaps permanently fluviatile.

Priucipal genera: Arius, Galeichthys, Ancharius, Genidens,

Hemipimelodus, Ketengus, dlurichthys, Batrachocephalus,

Osteogeneiosus.

Family 3. Doradide. (Fig. 3, A.)

Body moderately elongate. Gill-membranes _ broadly

united to the isthmus. Dorsal fin anterior, with a spine ;

adipose fin usually present; anal short or rather long;

pelvics 6- to 16-rayed. Mouth terminal; jaws usually

toothed ; maxillary and one or two pairs of mandibulary

barbels ; nostrils remote, without barbels. Palatine rod-like ;

pterygoid absent ; mesopterygoid present, connecting meta-

pterygoid with lateral ethmoid. A nuchal shield; epiotics

prominent on the upper surface of the skull, united by suture

with both nuchal plates, and giving rise posteriorly to more

or less developed backwardly directed processes*. No

post-temporal ; supra-cleithrum suturally united with skull,

the upper limb to the pterotic and epiotic, the lower to the

basioccipital and exoccipital ; no mesocoracoid ; hypo-

coracoids interlocking below. Vertebre 36 to 58 (13-17 +

* These are short pointed projections in Doras and Ozydoras, but in

Hemuadoras they extend backwards to the inferior processes of the poste-

rior nuchal plates. In the other genera the epiotic processes are forked,

the inner limbs running to the parapophyses of the sixth vertebra.

— ———

Classification of the Order Ostariophysi. 559

23-41) ; ribs on transverse processes; eighth or ninth the

first free vertebra ; parapophyses of fifth vestigial or absent ;

parapophyses of fourth undivided, proximally thin, laminar,

distally forming expanded subvertical oval plates, free from

the supra-cleithra, applied to the lateral walls of the anterior

part of the air-bladder.

South American fresh-water fishes.

The principal genera may be arranged thus :—

I. A series of bony plates on each side; mouth rather small ; pelvic

fins 7-rayed; air-bladder large, free, normal or with a posterior

Ror TROMEAMIIES Ghaid ane¥e'e! az, ci » a0: 0:9;0 Doras, Oxydoras, Hemidoras.

II. Body naked; pelvic fins 6- to 16-rayed; air-bladder large, free,

normal or with a posterior caecum.

A. Mouth rather wide, not extending beyond eye; praemaxillaries

fixed, tramsverse ............ Centromochlus, Trachelyopte-

rus, Trachelyopterichthys, Pseudauchenipterus, Auchent=

pterus (Euanemus), Trachycorystes, Epapterus, Tetra-

nematichthys.

B. Month very wide, extending far beyond eye ; preemaxillaries ex-

tending to angle of mouth.... Asterophysus.

Ill. Body naked; pelvic fins 7-rayed ; air-bladder very small, partly

enclosed in two small spherical or pyriform capsules separated by

a septum and attached to the aortic ridges, with small posterior

aud larger supero-lateral apertures; the reduced plates of the

‘spring apparatus’’ attached to the free wall of the air-bladder

at the larger openings ; mouth wide, the movable premaxillaries

extending to its angle .......... Ageniosus.

Family 4. Plotoside.

Body naked, elongate; gill-membranes free or narrowly

attached to the isthmus. Dorsal fin well developed, with a

spine, placed anteriorly ; no adipose fin; anal very long,

confluent with the caudal, which may extend forward along

the back, simulating a second dorsal fin ; pelvics 10- to 16-

rayed. Nostrils remote, the posterior with a barbel; on

each side one or two maxillary and two mandibulary barbels.

Teeth in jaws conical or obtuse ; a patch of blunt molars on

the vomer. Palatine rod-like ; mesopterygoid rather small,

attached to head of vomer and to the large metapterygoid,

which is connected with the palatine external and the

orbitosphenoid internal to its union with the mesopterygoid ;

head of hyomandibular very broad, articulating with pterotic,

sphenotic, and alisphenoid. Skull depressed; sphenotics

projecting laterally but not produced forwards, the frontals

with free margins. Post-temporal present ; lower fork of

supra-cleithrum well developed, attached to basioccipital ;

560 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

mesocoracoid present ; hypocoracoids interlocking below.

Vertebre 46 to 81 (16-19+ 30-65) ; ribs attached to long

parapophyses ; anterior ramus of parapophysis of fourth

vertebra decurved, rigidly attached to the stem of supra-

cleithrum, more or less expanded, together with expanded

processes of the aortic ridges supporting the anterior wall of

the large free air-bladder.

Marine fishes of the Indo-Pacific, entering rivers, and with

some permanently fluviatile species.

Genera: Eumeda, Neosilurus, Copidoglanis, Plotosus,

Cnidoglanis, Euristhmus.

Family 5. Siluride.

Body naked, elongate; gill-membranes free from isthmus.

Dorsal fin, when present, small, without spine ; no adipose

fin ; anal very long, many-rayed, ending close to the caudal

or continuous with it; pelvics 6- to 14-rayed. Anterior and

posterior nostrils wide apart ; no nasal barbel ; maxillary and

often one or two pairs of mandibulary barbels. Teeth in

jaws and often on palate. Palatine short and broad, articu-

lating with an antero-lateral facet of the lateral ethmoid ;

pterygoid absent ; mesopterygoid small, connecting the large

metapterygoid with the vomer ; hyomandibular with a broad

head, articulating with pterotic and sphenotic. Lateral

ethmoid with a projection for the attachment of the pre-

orbital and with a slender posterior extension which meets a

similar forward extension of the sphenotic, so that the

frontal has no free edge. Post-temporal absent ; upper limb

of supra-cleithrum wedged between pterotic and epiotic,

lower running to basioccipital; mesocoracoid present ;

hypocoracoids tapering forward below, not forming a sym-

physis. Vertebree 52 to 74 (10-16+41-58) ; mbs attached

to long parapopbyses; sixth vertebra free; anterior and

posterior rami of parapophysis of fourth vertebrz connected

at the base only, the anterior stout, firmly attached to the

limb of supra-cleithrum ; air-bladder free, usually large.

Fresh-water fishes of Europe and Asia,

The genera may be arranged thus :—

I. Eye above the level of the mouth; hypocoracoids slender,

Stlurus, Parasilurus, Silurichthys, Wallago, Belodontichthys.

II. Eye behind the angle of mouth ; hypocoracoids expanded.

Callichrous, Cryptopterus, Hemisilurus.

This family has usually been united with the Schilbeide,

but the two have very little in common beyond the elonga-

Classification of the Order Ostariophyst. 561

tion of the anal fin. The many-rayed pelvic fins, the con-

tiguous or confluent anal and caudal, combined with the

absence of a dorsal spine, of an adipose fin, and of nasal

barbels, characterize the Siluride externally, whilst the

osteology is quite different from that of the Schilbeide, with

their rod-like palatine, frontals with free edges, and lateral

ethmoids not projecting outwards.

Family 6. Bagrida.

Body naked, moderately elongate ; gill-membranes separate

or notched, free or at least forming a free fold across isthmus.

Dorsal fin anterior, with a spine; adipose fin present ; anal

short or of moderate length ; pelvic fins usually 6-rayed

(7- or 8-rayed in Rita). Anterior and posterior nostrils wide

apart, the latter usually with a barbel ; maxillary and usually

one or two pairs of mandibulary barbels. Jaws toothed ;

palate often toothed. Lateral ethmoid facet for articulation

of palatine rarely strictly lateral, usually visible when the

skullis seen from below ; palatine rod-like; pterygoid present,

attached to lower surface of hinder part of palatine (fig. 1, B) ;

mesopterygoid small, anterior to the well-developed meta-

pterygoid ; hyomandibular with a broad head, fitting into a

groove formed by the pterotic and sphenotic. Post-temporal

present; supra-cleithrum rigidly attached to skull, with the

lower limb well developed ; mesocoracoid preseat ; hypo-

coracoids meeting and interlocking behind the symphysis

of the cleithra. Vertebre 34 to 55 (10-23 + 20-34); ribs

attached to long parapophyses ; anterior ramus of para-

pophysis of fourth vertebra firmly attached to supra-

cleithrum ; air-bladder large, free, normally formed.

Fresh-water fishes of Asia and Africa.

The principal genera may be arranged thus :—

J. Pterygoid and mesopterygoid laminar, rather loosely connected ;

parapophysis of fourth vertebra intervening between supra-

cleithrum and anterior wall of air-bladder; lower limb of supra-

eleithrum normal. (Chrysichthyine.)

A. Parapophysis of fourth vertebra with a stout anterior ramus

attached to the supra-cleithrum and connected at the base with

the posterior ramus, which resembles a normal parapophysis.

No nasal barbel ; anterior nostril labial, poste-

rior slit-like ; sixth vertebra free ........ Parauchenoglanis, Au-

chenoglanis, Notoglanidium.

A nasal barbel; sixth vertebra rigidly united

MAAC ELE DY os 25's: aye. s ts oie Maal Oa adate ets tate 2 Rita, Pseudobagrus, Ge-

phyroglanis *,

* Leptoglanis, without nasal barbel, may be related to Gephyroglanis,

562 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

B. Parapophysis of fourth vertebra a horizontal lamina, sharply bent

downward in front to form a thick vertical plate attached to the

stem and lower limb of supra-cleithrum ; a nasal barbel.

Clarotes, Chrysichthys *.

II. Pterygoid and mesopterygoid united by suture or ankylosis to

form a transverse crescent; parapophysis of fourth vertebra a

transverse lamina with a decurved anterior process attached to

the inner edge of a vertical laminar expansion of the stem and

lower limb of the supra-cleithrum, which supports the anterior

wall of the air-bladder ; a nasal barbel. (Bagrine.)

Bagrus, Macrones, Liocassis, Bagroides, Olyra.

Family 7. Amiurida.

Closely related to the Bagride, but without a pterygoid

and with the pelvic fins 8- or 9-rayed ; palate toothless. The

vertebree number 44 to 50 (16-19+28-31), the anterior

vertebra formed as in Auchenoglanis or Rita; in Amiurus

the pectoral arch is as in the Bagridz, but in Noturus the

post-temporal is absent and the lower limb of the supra-

cleithrum is short, only connected with the basioccipital by

a ligament.

Fresh-water fishes of North America, with a species of

Amiurus in China.

In some species of Amiurus the anal fin is quite long, as

in the Schilbeidz, but the skull is typically Bagrid, differing

from that of the Schilbeide in the projecting lateral ethmoids

and pterotics.

Family 8. Amblycepide.

External characters of the Bagride, to which they bear a

general resemblance in their osteology, differing in certain

features of specialization. The pterygoid is absent, the

metapterygoid is reduced, and the elongate mesopterygoid

extends from the palatine to the hyomandibular (fig. 1, C).

There is no post-temporal and the proximal end of the upper

limb of the supra-cleithrum is wedged in between pterotic

and epiotic. The parapophyses of the fourth vertebra form

on each side a semicylinder incomplete below, or an inverted

cup, partly enclosing the reduced air-bladder, which is divided

into two lateral sacs. Vertebrae 36 to 45 (15-16+ 21-29).

Asiatic fresh-water fishes of small size, belonging to four

genera: Amblyceps, Livbagrus, Akysis (Sosia) and Acro-

chordonichthys.

I have examined skeletons of Amblyceps and Liobagrus.

* Phyllonemus, without nasal barbel, may be related to Chrysichthys.

Classification of the Order Ostariophyst. 563

Akysis and Acrochordonichthys resemble them in their air-

bladder and anterior vertebre (fide Bridge and Haddon).

There is a skeleton of Akysis major, Bouleng., in the

British Museum collection, but unfortunately this is a species

Fig. 1.

A. Clarias anguillaris. B. Clarotes leviceps. C. Liobagrus andersonit.

Hyopalatine bones of the left side, seen from below. pal, palatine; pt,

pterygoid; ms, mesopterygoid; mt, metapterygoid; g, quadrate;

hm, hyomandibular ; pop, preeoperculum.

of Glyptosternum, whilst Koschkaroft’s description and figures

of the skeleton of Akysis are evidently based on a species of

Macrones or some related genus.

Family 9. Sisoride.

Differ from the Bagridz in certain features of specializa-

tion, such as the absence of pterygoid and post-temporal, the

contraction of the head of the hyomandibular, which articu-

lates with the sphenotic only, and the division of the air-

bladder into two lateral sacs. Lower surface of head and

abdomen flat and paired fins horizontal. Nostrils close

together, with a more or less developed barbel between

them. Gill-membranes free (Nangra, Bagarius) or attached

toisthmus. Vertebra34 to40 (15-19 + 19-23) ; parapophysis

of the fourth vertebra a lamina which is decurved anteriorly,

forming a semicylinder; parapophysis of the fifth vertebra

very strong, extending outwards to the skin, rarely uniting

with that of the fourth to form a complete cylinder.

Asiatic fresh-water fishes.

564 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

Synopsis of the Genera.

I. Preecaudal vertebre normal, with the ribs attached to simple para-

pophyses and the neural arches without lateral processes; end of

transverse process of fifth vertebra appearing as a rugose plate

behind the lateral cutaneous area.

A. Head somewhat compressed and elevated; tail and caudal ver-

tebre normal.

1. Mesopterygoid smaller than metapterygoid ; pelvics behind the

dorsal.

Gil'-membranes free from isthmus...... 5) ae ee . Nangra.

Gill-membranes attached to isthmus ,............. Gagata.

2. Mesopterygoid large, extending to hyomandibular above the

reduced metapterygoid ; pelvics below the dorsal.

Erethistes.

B. Head depressed ; tail long and slender; caudal vertebre with

laminar neural and hemal spines and lateral laminar processes

which may form external series of bony plates.

Pelvics behind the dorsal.......... a ae .. Breitensteinia.

Pelvics below the dorsal ........ SE ee A I) ae . Stor.

II. Anterior precaudal vertebrae with a series of processes on each side

directed upwards and outwards from the bases of the neural

arches; head depressed.

A. Lips normal ; mesopterygoid large, extending forward below the

palatine and backwards to the hyomandibular; complex cen-

trum rigidly united, but not ankylosed to cranium; para-

popbysis of fourth vertebra a half-cylinder, of fifth a stout

horizontal process ending just beneath the skin.

1, Ribs inserted on normal transverse processes ; pelvics behind

the dorsal; gill-membranes free or narrowly attached to

isthmus.

Thorax without longitudinal plaits .............. Bagarius.

Thorax with longitudinal plaits; palate toothed.... Luclyptosternum.

Thorax with longitudinal plaits; palate toothless .. Glyptosternum.

2. Anterior ribs sessile, the rest on transverse processes which are

forked at the base ; pelvics below the dorsal; gill-membranes

broadly attached to isthmus .......... Pseudecheneis.

B. Lips expanded and reflected ; mesopterygoid not reaching hyo-

mandibular; complex centrum ankylosed with cranium ; para-

pophyses of fourth and tifth vertebre united to form a complete

cylinder on each side; ribs on transverse processes which are

forked at the base ; gill-membranes broadly attached to isthmus.

Teeth all pointed; gill-openings extending on to

lower'surface U6 ee Se ie ai etek aK AA ek Parexostoma.

Teeth all pointed ; gill-openings not extending on to

JOW Ar SLELALE, « i K'f X' »,s0ni0s'ne ho oho e wn ete eae Euchiloglanis.

An outer series of blunt compressed teeth.......... Exostoma.

Classification of the Order Ostariophysi. 565

Family 10. Amphiliide.

Closely related to the Bagrid, but without pterygoid or

post-temporal. Air-bladder reduced and divided into two

Jateral portions enclosed in incomplete bony cylinders formed

by the laminar parapophyses of the fourth vertebra, which

are decurved anteriorly, the rather feeble parapophyses of

the fifth vertebra, which do not nearly reach the skin, and by

two pairs of processes of the complex centrum supporting

the air-bladder below. Vertebre 35 to 41 (16-204 18-21).

Anterior preecaudals with paired processes directed upwards

and outwards from the bases of the neural arches; para-

pophyses widely forked at the base.

African fishes with depressed head, no nasal barbels, sub-

terminal or inferior mouth, toothless palate, and paired fins

horizontal and more or less expanded. In the structure of

the vertebral column they resemble the Indian Ezostoma

and Pseudecheneis, and there are other interesting resem-

blances between members of this family and of the Sisoride,

due to convergence.

Synopsis of the Genera.

I. Gill-membranes free from isthmus. All ribs on transverse pro-

cesses ; caudal vertebrae normal. (CAmpahiliine.)

Amphilius, Paramphilius.

II. Gill-membranes attached to isthmus. Anterior ribs sessile; ver-

tebree behind dorsal fin with paired laminar processes directed

upwards and outwards, those behind the pelvic fins with similar

processes directed obliquely downwards, these processes reaching

the skin and often expanded distally to form series of bony plates.

NOU MOUE DINERO lait 0 oem de eens Doumea.

Series of bony plates from dorsal and pelvic

fins to caudal..... BERS ott et ah oxo) 0c) 60s Phractura, Paraphractura,

Andersonia,

Lower series of bony plates continued for-

waid in advance of pelvic fins........ Trachyglanis, Beloneglanis.

Family 11. Chacide. (Fig. 2, D.)

The Indian genus Chaca appears to be related to the

Bagride, from which it differs externally in the very large

strongly depressed head, the very wide mouth, the broad

union of the gill-membranes with the isthmus, and the exten-

sion forward of the caudal fin above and below, simulating

a second dorsal and anal. The large broad palatine articu-

lates with the strongly projecting lateral ethmoid and poste-

riorly with the metapterygoid ; there is no pterygoid, and

566 Mr. C, T. Regan on the

Fig. 2.

A. Arges heterodon. B. Nematogenys inermis. C. Diploniystes papil-

losus. D. Chaca lophioides. Head-skeleton seen from above.

pmax, premaxillary ; mz, maxillary; mn, lower jaw ; ”, nasal; pal, pala-

tine; ms, mesopterygoid; mf, metapterygoid; g, quadrate; Am,

hyomandibular ; pop, preoperculum ; op, operculum; top, inter-

operculum; eth, mesethmoid; /eth, lateral ethmoid; f frontal ;

spo, sphenotic; pto, pterotic; epo, epiotic; soc, supraoccipital ; eoc,

exoccipital ; pt, post-temporal ; se/, supra-cleithrum ; p, parapophysis

of fourth vertebra; p', parapophysis of tifth vertebra; r, rib of sixth

vertebra; 7, nuchal plates,

Classification of the Order Ostariophyst. 567

the small mesopterygoid is attached to the lower surface of

the palatine. There is no post-temporal, and the supra-

cleithrum is like that of the Bunocephalidi, with the lower

limb slender, the upper attached to the supraoccipital and

almost reaching the neural crest of the complex vertebra,

and the outer division of the stem superior, directed back-

wards above and united to the parapophysis of the fourth

vertebra ; a mesocoracoid is present and the hypocoracoids

interlock below. Vertebre 35 (10+25); free precaudals

with ribs attached inferiorly to short parapophyses ; fifth

parapophysis moderate, at the base laminar and united with

the fourth ; anterior ramus of fourth parapophysis strong,

broad, united distally with the supra-cleithrum, posterior

ramus relatively small, similar to the fifth parapophysis.

Air-bladder large, free, partly constricted into two lateral

divisions.

Family 12. Schilbeide.

Closely related to the Bagride, but with the anal fin elon-

gate and with the pterygoid absent ; pelvic fins 6-rayed.

Indian and African fresh-water fishes; the more gene-

ralized members of the family are very near the Bagridz,

but the group is a varied one. The skull is extremely

similar in al], differing from that of the Bagridz and Amiu-

ride in its straight parallel edges, the lateral ethmoids

scarcely projecting outwards in front of the orbit nor the

pterotics behind the articulation of the hyomandibular. The

vertebre number 47 to 58 (10—-20+ 29-47).

The genera‘may be arranged as follows :—

I. Dorsal fin with a pungent spine; teeth well developed; post-

temporal present ; hypocoracoids interlocking below; lower limb

of supra-cleithrum free. (Schilbeine.)

A, Air-bladder as in the Bagridz ; anterior vertebre asin Rita;

anterior ramus of parapophysis of fourth vertebra stout, con-

nected with posterior at the base; vertebrae 11-17+380-41.

To ET GB aan oe Er Bie ee Schilbe, Eutropius.

MAURER diets ale anarA Staditiny <1 004 01s ss 9 oa 4 Pseudeutropius, Lais, Helico-

phagus, Silundia.

B. Cavity of air-bladder divided longitudiually into two; para-

pophysis of fourth vertebra a lamina with the anterior and

posterior edges decurved to form a semi-cylinder; vertebrae

19-20+29-83.

MGT «din, he ofF tn He sinacrs sain ncepd ota) Sd 11+. Schilbichthys, Eutropiichthys.

568 Mr. C. 'T. Regan on the

II. Dorsal fin small and spineless, or absent ; teeth minute or absent;

no post-temporal ; other osteological characters of Schilbe; ver-

tebree 10-11+41-44. (Stluranodontine.)

ETICRD a4 ciereisimn eel bigiets ai mien Oa ae Siluranodon, Parailia, Physa-

alia.

III. Dorsal fin absent; teeth well developed; post-temporal present ;

hypocoracoids not meeting; air-bladder tubular, transverse,

crescentic, curved forward on each side, the horns lying in a pair

of recesses open behind, formed by the laminar parapophyses of

the fourth and fifth vertebre, by a ventral lamina which curves

upwards anteriorly, and by the lower limb of the supra-clei-

thrum ; vertebree 11+41-47. (Atline.)

MG HAN Si ccnounseeaye ote aia ee a,c ee Rienead Oise Ailia, Ailichthys.

Family 13. Clariide.

Naked, elongate; gill-membranes separate, free from

isthmus. Dorsal fin spineless, commencing not far behind

head; anal long, many-rayed, nearly or quite reaching

caudal; pelvics, when well-developed, 6-rayed ; pectoral

with aspine. Head depressed ; mouth transverse, terminal ;

bands of villiform or granular teeth in jaws and on vomer ;

4 pairs of barbels, nasal, maxillary, and two mandibular.

Cranial roof-bones more or less expanded and laminar, the

pterotics appearing as a pair of plates at the sides of the

supraoccipital; epiotics concealed beneath supraoccipital ;

side of head with two plates, the anterior, ‘ postorbital,”

attached to the frontal above and behind the orbit, the

posterior, “ temporal,” attached to the pterotic and supra-

cleithrum. Palatine long, rod-like; pterygoid absent ;

mesopterygoid large, connecting the rather small metaptery-

goid with vomer (fig. 1, A). Post-temporal absent ; supra-

cleithrum a plate rigidly attached to pterotic, without lower

limb, with a posterior process firmly united to air-bladder

capsule ; mesocoracoid present ; hypocoracoids interlocking

below. Vertebrze 60 to 107; free preecaudals with ribs on

well-developed parapophyses; complex vertebra rigidly

united with fifth, first and skull, by suture and by investing

bone ; parapophyses of fourth and fifth vertebre forming

on each side a transverse cylinder or semi-cylinder with

terminal aperture beneath the skin ; air-bladder represented

by two sacs enclosed in the cylinders, connected by a

transverse tube from which a duct runs to the cesophagus.

Fresh-water fishes of Africa and Asia.

The Clariidze are a specialized family, but show relation-

ship to the Schilbeide. A good illustrated description of

the head-skeleton of Clarias has been given by Schelaputin

(Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, 1905, p. 85).

Classification of the Order Ostariophysi. 569

The genera may be arranged thus :—

I. Gill-cavity with an accessory air-sac, which extends backwards

into the tail; dorsal tin short; no adipose fin.

Saceobranchus.

II, Gill-cavity with a diverticulum containing a dendritic accessory

branchial organ attached to the second and fourth branchial

arches ; dorsal fin more or less elongate.

7 Heterobranchus, Dinotopterus.

B. No adipose fin; dorsal nearly or quite reaching the caudal.

Plates at side of head connected .... Clarias.

Plates at side of head reduced, separated

MMIN WUANSPADG, eos ok a ie ae Allabenchelys, Clarrialabes,

Gymnallabes, Channalabes,

Saccobranchus, often placed in a separate group, is pre-

cisely similar to Clarias in osteological characters. The

plates protecting the sides of the head are present in all the

members of the family, and I have satisfied myself that

Boulenger’s statement to the contrary for the degraded

genera allied to Clarias is erroneous. ‘These plates are

present in most Siluroids, but not so strongly developed ;

the anterior belongs to the circumorbital series, the posterior

transmits the lateral line to the praeoperculum.

Family 14. Pangasiide.

The Indian genus Pangasius differs from the Bagride

externally in the long anal fin, with 28 to 40-rays ; maxillary

and one pair of mandibulary barbels are present, but no

nasal barbels. The skeleton is very similar to that of

generalized Bagride, differing only in the development of

an elastic spring mechanism, the anterior rami of the para-

pophyses of the fourth vertebra being expanded distally to

form a pair of oval plates inserted in the auterior wall of

the air-bladder, but free from the supra-cleithrum. The

air-bladder consists of an anterior division, corresponding

to a normal bladder, and of a posterior tubular cecum.

Vertebree 15+ 29.

Family 15. Synodontide.

External characters of the Bagride, except that the gill-

membranes are confluent with the skin of the isthmus; the

nostrils may be close together or wide apart and there is no

nasal barbel; the pelvic fins are 7-rayed. There is a broad

nuchal shield with parallel edges; the epiotics are small,

hidden beneath the supraoccipital; pterygoid and meso-

pterygoid are absent ; there is no post-temporal ; the upper

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 38

570 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

limb of the supra-cleithrum is a plate united with the

supraoccipital and the pterotic, the lower limb is expanded

vertically. The vertebre number 33 to 44 (11-174 19-27);

the fifth and six are rigidly united with the complex ; the

posterior ramus of the pardpophysis of the fourth vertebra

is similar to the well-developed parapophysis of the fifth, its

anterior ramus is a transverse lamina, with an inferior

process expanded to form a thick vertical plate, free from

the supra-cleithrum, inserted in the anterior wall of the

air-bladder.

Diagrams showing the cranial roof-bones of A. Pseudauchenipterus

nodosus and B. Euchilichthys royauxt.

eth, mesethmoid ; leth, lateral ethmoid ; f, frontal ; soc, supraoccipital ;

spo, sphenotic; pto, pterotic; epo, epiotic; scl, supra-cleithrum ;

1, 2, 5, nuchal plates.

These African fresh-water fishes resemble the Bagride

except in the characters of specialization enumerated

above.

The genera may be arranged thus :-—

I. Mandibulary barbels branched; mavxillaries at the sides of the

preemaxillaries ; parapophyses of sixth vertebra normal.

Synodontis, Microsynodontis, Mochocus,

Classification of the Order Ostariophyst. Bye

II. Barbels simple; maxillaries behind the premaxillaries ; parapo-

physes of sixth vertebra very strong; head depressed; mouth

with a papillose circular lip.

Chiloglanis, Euchilichthys, Atopochilus.

The Synodontide resemble the South American Doradidze

to a certain extent in their restricted gill-openings, nuchal

shield, and elastic spring apparatus. But in the Doradide

the epiotics are prominent cranial roof-bones which join the

nuchal plates (fig. 3, A), a mesopterygoid is present but a

mesocoracoid absent, the fourth parapophysis is not divided

into anterior and posterior rami and its distal plate is attached

to the lateral instead of the anterior wall of the air-bladder,

and the fifth parapophysis is vestigial or absent.

Family 16. Malopteruridz.

The African Ma/lopterurus electricus differs from the

Bagridz in the absence of the dorsal fin, the restricted gill-

openings, and the development of a subcutaneous electric

organ extending over the whole body. Osteological characters

indicate relationship to the Bagride, but there are several

features of specialization. Pterygoid and mesopterygoid are

absent, the metapterygoid is firmly connected with a hori-

zontal ledge formed by the lateral ethmoid and orbito-

sphenoid, and the quadrate extends forward external to the

metapterygoid to meet the extremity of the recurved

premaxillary. The skull is narrowed and compressed

between the orbits and strongly expanded and depressed

behind them, and the sphenotic sends out a strong lateral

process to above the eye. The pectoral arch is rather

loosely attached, the upper limb of the supracleithrum

articulating in a socket between the post-temporal and the

epiotic, the lower limb connected to the sete by

ligament. The vertebree number 41 to 44 (20-22 + 21-22) ;

the anterior ramus of the parapophysis of the fourth

vertebra is free from the supra cleithrum, thin proximally

and expanded distally into a transverse vertical plate, in-

serted in the anterior wall of the air-bladder. ‘The air-

bladder has a large posterior sac, connected by a tube with

the smaller anterior division, which represents a normal

bladder.

Family 17. Pimelodide.

Gill-membranes separate, free from isthmus. Dorsal fin

typically anterior and with a spine (above or behind the

pelvics and without a spine in Heptapterus and Nannoglanis) ;

adipose fin present; anal short or of moderate length;

38*

572 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

pelvics 6-rayed. Barbels three pairs, maxillary and two

mandibular; anterior and posterior nostrils wide apart.

Jaws toothed; palate with or without teeth. Palatine rod-

like, articulating with the side of the lateral ethmoid ;

pterygoid, when present, slender, having the appearance of

an ossified ligament connecting palatine and mesopterygoid ;

latter small, lying between the well-developed metapterygoid

and the lateral ethmoid. Post-temporal present ; supra-

cleithrum firmly attached to skull, with a well-developed

lower limb; mesocoracoid present; hypocoracoids meeting

and interlocking behind the symphysis of the cleithra.

Vertebree 42 to 60 (15-204 25-43) ; ribs on parapophyses ;

parapophysis of fourth vertebra a horizontal lamina with a

more or less distinct stout anterior ramus which is rigidly

united with the stem of the supra-cleithrum ; air-bladder

typically large and free.

Neotropical, fresh water fishes.

This family is closely related to the Indian and African

family Bagridz ; it includes a number of diverse types, but

is undoubtedly a natural group.

The absence of a nasal barbel usually distinguishes the

Pimelodide from the Bagride, and the tew Bagride which

have no nasal barbel differ from the Pimelodide in their

united gill-membranes. ‘The skeleton of the two families is

extremely similar, but the lateral ethmoid facet for articu-

lation of the palatine is hardly ever strictly lateral in the

Bagridz, and the pterygoid, when present in the Pimelo-

did, is unlike that of either the Chrysichthyine or the

Bagrine. Since the two groups are large, varied, and

geographically distinct, and seem to form the starting-point

for the evolution of most of the Siluroids of South America

and of Asia and Africa respectively, it seems best to recognize

them as distinct families.

The following arrangement includes many of the principal

genera, but some I have not seen and am unable to place :—

I. Pterygoid present, slender, attached anteriorly to lower surface of

palatine and posteriorly to outer end of the transverse, crescentic

mesopterygoid ; parapophyses of fourth, fifth, and sixth vertebre

laminar, united by suture; air-bladder normal.

Callophysus, Pimelodus, Pira-

mutana, Sciades.

II. Pterygoid absent; mesopterygoid laminar, attached in front to

lower face of lateral ethmoid and behind to anterior edge of

metapterygoid ; air-bladder normal.

A. Anterior and posterior rami of parapophysis of fourth vertebra

connected at the base only; sixth vertebra free, with normal

transverse Process .....ceeee Pimelodella, Rhamdia, Hepta-

pterus, Nannoglants.

Classification of the Order Ostariophysi. 573

B. Anterior ramus of parapophysis of fourth vertebra only distinct

distally ; sixth vertebra with a laminar transverse process

united by suture with that of the fifth.

Hemisorubim, Pseudoplaty-

stoma.

III, Pterygoid absent; mesopterygoid laminar, attached to lateral

ethmoid, but connected with metapterygoid only by ligament;

parapophysis of fourch vertebra a lamina decurved anteriorly, not

hivided into rami, united with the filth basally; sixth vertebra

free ; air-bladder large, free, partly constricted into two lateral

sacs; head broad, depressed.... Pseudopimelodus.

IV. Pterygoid absent; mesopterygoid a small lamina attached to

lower surface of lateral ethmoid and to metapterygoid, which is

produced forward external to it; parapophysis of fourth vertebra

united with fifth, curved to form a semi-cylinder open behind,

containing the lateral portion of the reduced and divided air-

bladder ; sixth vertebra not free, but with normal parapophyses.

Luciopimelodus.

V. Pterygoid absent ; mesopterygoid small, articulated with posterior

face of lateral ethmoid and with metapterygoid, which extends

forward below the lateral ethmoid ; parapophyses of fourth, fifth,

and sixth vertebre laminar, united by suture ; air-bladder normal.

Sorubim, Platystomatichthys.

Family 18. Helogenide.

The South American genus Helogenes differs externally

from the Pimelodide in the fins, as the dorsal is spineless,

median in position, followed by a small adipose fin and

placed above the long anal, which has 42 rays. The air-

bladder is free, of moderate size, placed transversely, and

incompletely divided into two compartments, The upper

limb of the supra-cleithrum seems to be only loosely attached

to the skull and the hypocoracoids do not form a symphysis.

The relations of this genus appear to be about equally

close with the Pimelodide and with Cetopsis; one of the

types has been partly dissected for examination of the air-

bladder, but until a skeleton is available the exact position

of Helogenes must remain uncertain.

Family 19. Hypophthalmide.

The neotropical genus Hypophthalmus differs from the

Pimelodide externally in the toothless mouth, ventro-lateral

position of the eyes, very wide gill-openings, very long

many-rayed anal fin, and insertion of the pelvic fins in

advance of the dorsal. The lower pharyngeals are united

to form a Y-shaped bone with long anterior stem lying in

the narrow isthmus and with small toothed posterior forks.

The air-bladder is reduced to two small sacs, each enclosed

in a bony capsule with a lateral opening beneath the skin,

574 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

formed by the parapophyses of the fourth and fifth vertebre

and by the upper limb of the supra-cleithrum. The vertebre

number 66 (14+52), the first five ankylosed ; the ribs are

inserted on parapophyses.

Family 20. Trichomycteride. (lig. 2, B.)

Body naked, moderately elongate. Gull-openings wide or

restricted. Dorsal fin short, without spine ; no adipose fin ;

anal short or moderately long; pelvics 5- or 6-rayed.

Nostrils remote, the anterior sometimes with a barbel ;

teeth in jaws villiform or incisor-like; palate sometimes

toothed. Palatine broad; pterygoid absent ; mesopterygoid,

when present, very small, attached to inner edge of meta-

pterygoid, which joins palatine. Skull depressed, contracted

between and expanded behind the orbits. Post-temporal

absent ; upper limb of supra-cleithrum suturally united to

supraoccipital and pterotic; mesocoracoid present ; hypo-

coracoids narrowed forward below, pointed anteriorly, not

interlocking. Vertebree 42 to 46 (19-21 + 23-25) ; ribs on

parapophyses ; fifth vertebra ankylosed with the complex,

which is short, rigidly attached or ankylosed to the skull,

and bears a pair of transverse subcylindrical capsules with

lateral openings; air-bladder divided into two lateral sacs

enclosed in the bony capsules.

Fresh- water fishes of South America.

The principal genera may be arranged thus :—

I. Air-bladder capsule formed by the parapophysis of the fourth

vertebra, in front free from the skull and normally attached to

the supra-cleithrum, behind free from the normal parapophysis of

the fifth vertebra; dorsal fin anterior; opercles unarmed; one

pair of maxillary barbels. (Cetopsine.)

Cetopsis.

II. Air-bladder capsule united to the skull, its anterior wall including

the lower limb of supra-cleithrum and a part of the exoccipital

aud epiotic bones; parapophysis of fifth vertebra not developed

as a separate process; dorsal fin median or posterior. (7Z'richo-

mycterine.)

A, Opercles unarmed ; one pair of maxillary barbels.

Nematogenys.

B. Operculum and interoperculum armed with spines,

One pair of maxillary barbels ........ Stegophilus, Vandellia.

Two pairs of maxillary barbels ...... Trichomycterus, Eremophilus,

Tridens, Pariodon, Miuroglanis,

Family 21. Bunocephalide.

Gill-openings reduced to a small foramen in front of the

pectoral fin. Dorsal fin anterior; no adipose fin; caudal

Classification of the Order Ostariophyst. 575

small, few-rayed ; anal short or long ; pelvics 6-rayed, below

the dorsal. Head depressed; nostrils remote, without

barbel; villiform teeth in the jaws; palate toothless.

Palatine rod like; mesopterygoid, when present, small,

attached to lateral ethmoid; operculum reduced, scarcely

larger than a branchiostegal ray, but attached anteriorly to

the interoperculum. Skull depressed, the pterotics with

strong lateral laminar projections. No post-temporal ;

supra-cleithrum forked, the lower limb slender, running to

basioccipital, the upper extending nearly to the middle of

the supraoceipital; no mesocoracoid ; hypocoracoids inter-

locking below. Vertebree 34 to 75 (10+24-65), strongly

compressed, with laminar neural and hemal spines and

with a series of horizontal lateral processes arising on each

side from the middle of the centra ; free preecaudal vertebree

without parapophyses, with sessile ribs ; fifth vertebra rather

long, rigidly united with complex, their neural spines

forming a low ridge of bone with thickened dorsal edge

which joins the supraoccipital anteriorly; parapophysis of

fifth vertebra a very strong process ; parapophysis of fourth

a lamina, united posteriorly to the base of the fifth, anteriorly

decurved and united to the stem of the supra-cleithrum.

Air-bladder large, free, partly constricted into two lateral

portions.

South-American fresh-water fishes.

Bunocephalus, Bunocephalichthys and Dysichthys have a

short tail, anal 5- to 9-rayed, and about 24 caudal vertebre.

Platystacus (Aspredo) has a long tail, anai 50- to 60-rayed,

and 60 or more caudal vertebree.

Family 22. Callichthyide.

Body armoured with two series of overlapping bony

Jaminze on each side. Gill-membranes broadly united to

isthmus. Dorsal fin anterior; adipose fin with a spine;

anal short; pelvics below the dorsal. Mouth small, ter-

minal; premavxillaries small, movably attached to meseth-

moid; rami of lower jaw slender; jaws with or without

feeble teeth ; palate toothless ; one or two pairs of maxillary

barbels. Palatine articulating with anterior end of lateral

ethmoid; pterygoid and mesopterygoid absent; anterior

end of metapterygoid connected with lateral ethmoid and

palatine by a ligament. Bones of cranial roof more or

less expanded and plate-like; suborbitals well-ossified, with

an inner shelf; operculum large. Post-temporal absent ;

supra-cleithrum a large plate ankylosed with the pterotic,

connected with sphenotic and supra-occipital above, prootic

576 On the Classification of the Order Ostariophyst.

and exoccipital below, and parapophysis of fourth vertebra

behind; cleithrum transversely expanded; mesocoracoid

present; hypocoracoids interlocking below. Vertebrez

27-32 (18-18+12-14); caudal vertebre normal, with

slender neural and hemal spines; precaudal vertebre, from

seventh to last, with slender ribs, all (Corydoras) or the

anterior sessile ; sixth vertebra free, with a strong rib sup-

porting the first lateral plate of the lower series, borne on a

stout parapophysis which articulates with that of the fifth

vertebra; complex vertebra ankylosed with fifth and with

skull, its parapophyses forming with the supra-cleithra and

exoccipitals a pair of subcylindrical capsules opening laterally

beneath clefts in the supra-cleithral plates; air-bladder

divided into two sacs enclosed in the capsules.

South-American fresh-water fishes.

Genera: Scleromystax, Callichthys, Hoplosternum, Deea-

pogon, Dianema, Corydoras.

Family 23. Loricariide. (Fig. 2, A.)

Body naked, or armoured with bony scutes, which ante-

riorly form five longitudinal series on each side. Gill-

membranes broadly united to isthmus. Dorsal fin anterior ;

anal short; pelvics below or in advance of the dorsal.

Mouth inferior, with expanded lips forming a sucker ; pre-

maxillaries movably articulated with mesethmoid ; jaws

toothed ; palate toothless; a pair of maxillary barbels.

Palatine articulating with anterior end of lateral ethmoid ;

pterygoid and mesopterygoid absent. Post-temporal absent ;

supra-cleithrum a large plate united with pterotic and

supra-occipital above, prootic and exoccipital below, and

parapophysis of fourth vertebra behind; cleithrum trans-

versely expanded ; mesocoracoid present. Vertebrze 27 to 38

(10-18 + 14-26) ; caudal vertebrae compressed, with neural

and hemal spines more or less expanded ; free preecaudals

without parapophyses, with sessile ribs; a pair of very

strong sessile ribs borne by the sixth vertebra, which is rigidly

united to the fifth and articulates with the seventh bya

hinge which restricts lateral movement; complex vertebra

united to fifth and to skull by suture or ankylosis ; parapo-

physes of fifth vertebra absent, of fourth forming with

supra-cleithra and exoccipitals a pair of capsules opening

laterally beneath the notched or perforted supra-cleithral

plates; air-bladder reduced to two sacs enclosed in the

capsules.

South-American fresh-water fishes.

On LHeterocera from Costa Rica, 577

In 1904 (Trans. Zool. Soc. xvii. pt. 3) I arranged the

genera in five subfamilies; these may be grouped as

follows :—

I. Pharyngeals toothless; hemal spines not bifid; supra-cleithral

plate extending downwards, its inner surface attached to the

outer edge of the cleithrum, but not forming a definite articulation

with it; body usually armoured; inner edge of metapterygoid

attached to lateral ethmoid ; hypocoracoids interlocking.

Plecostomine, Hypoptopomatine.

II. Lower and fourth upper pharyngeals toothed; anterior hemal

spines bifid for reception of anal basalia; supra-cleithral plate

scarcely decuryed, its lower surface with a transverse ridge fitting

a groove on the upper edge of the supra-cleithral expansion

external to the head of the bone.

Body armoured; metapterygoid attached to

lateral ethmoid ; lower portions of cleithra

transverse; hypocoracoids interlocking

WOO SE. oe Nae. RAISON ot hrerws side 6 Loricartine, Neopleco-

stomine.

Body naked ; metapterygoid small, not reaching

skull; cleithra running somewhat forward

to their symphysis ; hypocoracoids taper-

ing forward below, not interlocking .... <Argtine.

It seems to me that if the Argiidz are to be separated off

as a distinct family, the Plecostomid also should be recog-

nized, as they differ quite as much from the Loricariide.

LXVI.—New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica.—XI.

By W. Scuaus, F.Z.8.

Geometrida.

A plogompha argentilinea, sp. n.

3d. Palpiand frons lilacine buff; vertex, collar, and thorax

duli lilacine brown ; abdomen dark brown above, silvery

grey below. Fore wings: the basal half to middle of costa

and postmedial line on inner margin black-brown, crossed by

some buff striz, and containing a few metallic scales in cell

outwardly, followed by a large triangular whitish spaca

shaded with fuscous scales and with its apex at vein 2, its

costal area shaded with buff; a postmedial dark reddish-

brown line, followed by fine buff and dark brown lines, and

a heavy silvery line outwardly shaded with black and not

reaching costa; a dull buff-grey space beyond the silver line

limited by a straight subterminal white line, beyond which

578 Mr. W. Schaus on

the margin is reddish brown. Hind wings: the costal mar-

gin broadly whitish grey to subterminal; the base fuscous

brown, crossed by buff striae and spots ; a broad grey shade

beyond cell, narrowing towards but not reaching inner mar-

gin, followed by dark brown and buff ; the silvery line inter-

rupted and crossing large dark brown spots ; the subterminal

line silvery, outwardly shaded with dark brown between the

veins; the apex dark brown.

Expanse 23 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Opisthoxia interrupta, sp. n.

&. Palpi brown. Frons dark velvety brown, with some

greyish shading below. Vertex, collar, and thorax dark

silvery grey. Abdomen grey, finely irrorated with fuscous.

Fore wings lilacine grey, with some. darker irrorations ;

ocellus large, black, edged with ochreous and then brown,

containing some silvery scales within it in front and some

behind on the brown shading ; a subterminal brown shade,

outwardly edged with silver, slightly outeurved at costa,

incurved and partly interrupted between 6 and 4, then straight

to tornus; cilia iridescent grey or brown. Hind wings grey,

the postmedial area broadly shaded with dark brown, with

still darker postmedial and subterminal shades, the whele

irrorated with silver; the base irrorated with dark brown; a

broad fuscous shade on discocellular; the outer margin grey,

with fine dark lines, and some marginal silvery spots, those

between 2 and 4 larger, and edged with black points on either

side. ,

Expanse 26 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Sitio, Tuis.

The female of this species was erroneously made the female

of O. melae, Dr., in the ‘ Biologia,’

Berberodes trilinea, sp. n.

&. Palpi, head, and neck dark brown; tegule, thorax, and

abdomen silvery white, the latter with a dorsal fuscous-brown

spot terminally and with long ventral tufts of creamy-white

hairs ; legsshaded with brown. Wings silvery white ; some

yale brown stiia on outer and inner margins ; medial and

postmedial fine, pale, brown lines; a terminal dark brown

line. Fore wings: a fine antemedial line ; costa narrowly

yellow, irrorated with golden scales, and with black spots

along extreme margin. Underneath white.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis.

Tleterocera from Costa Rica. 579

Bapta argentata, sp. n.

gd. Palpiand head brown ; body white ; fore legs streaked

with light brown; mid and hind legs with yellowish brown.

Wings white, irrorated with silvery-white scales ; cilia white ;

minute black discal points ; a fine postmedial fuscous-grey

line; some subterminal black irrorations. Fore wings: the

costa very finely yellowish brown ; traces of an antemedial

line on inner margin. Underneath white.

Expanse 34 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

This is the B. fulvicosta of the ‘ Biologia,’ but does not

agree with Walker’s type in the collection of Mr. Druce.

Bapta candida, sp. n.

@. Palpi and head brown; body white; legs streaked

with yellowish brown. Wings silvery white, the outer mar-

gin thinly irrorated with black; terminal black -irrorations

forming a fine line; a postmedial fuscous-grey line, with

darker scales on veins ; black discal points. Fore wings: a

fine antemediai line not reaching costa; the costa finely

yellowish brown.

Expanse 27 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Poas.

Smaller than B. argentata, Schs., which has the termen

white.

Bapta molesta, sp. na.

3. Palpi and frons reddish brown. Body and wings

white, faintly tinged with yellowish. Wings: black discal

points ; a postmedial and a subterminal pale brownish shade

formed by dark irrorations; a terminal dark brown line.

Fore wings: the costa finely yellowish brown; an outbent

antemedial fuscous line from cell to middle of inner margin.

Expanse 24 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis.

Cyclomia disparilis, sp. n.

$. Body and wings above purplish black. Fore wings :

a fine curved black antemedial line and a similar less distinct

medial line, the latter followed by a brown discocellular spot

edged with black ; a sinuous black postmedial line irregu-

larly spotted with light brown; marginal buff-brown

mottlings between veins 3 and 4 and from vein 5 to apex ;

some light brown spots on costal edge ; a terminal black line

580 Mr. W. Schaus on

with buff-brown points at veins. Hind wings: the costa to

postmedial roseate buff, widest medially, and containing a

black spot; a black antemedial line on inner margin ; the

postmedial black, and a buff-brown line from it at vein 3 to

anal angle ; a marginal buff-brown spot between 3 and 4.

Body and wings below yellow, irrorated and striated with

purple. Fore wings: the inner margin silky grey ; a broad

subterminal purple band; some purple in and beyond cell.

Hind wings: the subterminal purple band expanding to

termen above vein 4 ; a fine antemedial line ; the discal spot

on both wings ochreous.

Jixpanse 19 mm.

Female purplish brown; the medial line distinct; the

postmedial buff-brown, edged with dark violaceous brown ;

no pale space on costa of hind wings ; the marginal mottlings

less distinct. Underneath the markings less contrasted than

in the male.

Expanse 19 mm.

Hab. Juan Viuas, Guapiles, Sixola.

Semiothisa guapilaria, sp. n.

3. Body and wings violaceous brown, finely irrorated with

whitish ; the lines dark brown, shaded with ochreous brown ;

the postmedial line crenulate; a terminal dark brown line;

cilia light brown, with fuscous spots. Fore wings faintly

excavated below apex; the costa spotted with black and

orange-brown ; the lines starting from reddish-brown costal

spots ; the antemedial outeurved in cell, wavy ; the medial

perpendicular, finely wavy ; the postmedial outwardly shaded

with black between 3 and 4, and followed by a small black

spot; also followed from 6 to costa by a_ reddish-brown

shade and a white point between 6 and 7. Hind wings: a

wavy medial line and a black spot on discocellular ; a faint

subterminal fine brown line; the outer margin angled at

vein 4. Fore wings below black, mottled with orange-

brown strie, chiefly on costa and postmedially ; the veins

terminally orange-brown ; a white spot between 6 and 7.

Hind wings below fuscous grey; the veins brownish; some

irregular small white spots medially and terminally.

Eixpanse 24 mm.

Hab. Guapiles, Carillo.

Semiothisa poasaria, sp. 0.

Palpi and vertex mottled brown and white; frons light

brown. Body whitish grey; a transverse dark brown line

Hetervocera from Costa Rica. 581

on collar ; some dark brown irrorations on thorax and paired

dorsal spots on abdomen. Wings whitish grey, thinly

irrorated and striated with grey. Fore wings excised from

7-4, inwardly oblique below 4 ; the lines starting from brown

costal streaks ; the antemedial outcurved, wavy, fine, ochreous

brown, with some black irrorations chiefly on veins; the

medial similar, wavy, with black irrorations only on veins ;

postmedial outcurved, white from vein 7—2, otherwise ochreous

brown, followed from below 3 to 5 by a large dark brown

spot cut by veins 3 and 4, and preceded by a similar brown

narrow space interrupted between 3 and 4; similar smaller

spots from below 6 to above 7 outwardly, and a dark line

inwardly from 6-7; outer margin shaded with brown, with

darker striz; a whitish shade from below 7 to apex. Hind

wings: a fuscous-grey antemedial line; a_ black discal

oint; the postmedial tine, punctiform, especially on 3 and 4,

followed by a broad dark brown shade cut by veins 3 and 4,

which are whitish; the terminal area whitish grey, with

darker strize ; the margin crenulate and deeply angled at

vein 4. Underneath buff-white, with brown strie; the

medial line and a basal line almost black, wavy, heavily

marked; the postmedial similar, shaded outwardly with

ochreous brown and geminate on fore wings, the dark portion

extending along costa to apex; the white apical space as

above.

Expanse 35 mm.

Hab. Volcano Poas.

Bears a superficial resemblance to S. enotata, Gn.

Microsemia consociata, sp. n.

g. Palpi and frons brown; vertex whitish ; body and

wings bone-colour; the outer space beyond postmedial line

tinged with grey. J*ore wings: some black irrorations on

costal and outer margin ; a subbasal curved line of black

irrorations ; antemedial fine, reddish brown, angled in cell,

shaded inwardly with grey, and with a black point on sub-

costal ; a black discal point ; postmedial fine, reddish brown,

from costa before apex to middle of inner margin, outwardly

shaded with greyish and marked by black points, the largest

on veins 6-8; subterminal black spots on veins 2-5, the

largest on vein 3; terminal black points at veins. Hind

wings: a black subbasal line; a black discal point; the

postmedial reddish brown, outwardly shaded with grey,

straight and without spots; subterminal points on veins and

a large black spot on inner margin ; termen as on fore wings.

582 Mr. W. Schaus on

Underneath white; the postmedial line heavier, black;

black irrorations on outer margins and black discal points.

Fore wings: subterminal spots coalescing; a broad black

antemedial shade not reaching costa.

Expanse 23 mm.

Female: the black irrorations more evenly spread over

wings; the points on postmedial less distinct ; subterminal

spots faintly indicated on vein 5; the outer margins more

distinctly angled.

Eixpanse 26 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Closely allied to JL, attenuata, Dogn.

Pseudapicia merana, sp. 1.

6. Palpi dark grey; frons paler grey, with fuscous

irrorations ; vertex, collar, thorax, and abdomen dorsally to

beyond middle rust-red terminally g greyish. Body and wings

underneath yellowish buff, Wings above rust-red, mottled

meray with bright yellow. Fore wings: an ‘irregular

reddish-brown antemedial line preceded by grey points on

veins ; similar points follow the postmedial line, which is also

reddish brown, incurved between 6 and 4, sinuous and in-

bent below 3; subterminal fuscous and grey points. Hind

wings: a postinedial irregular line; some yellow mottling at

apex; the outer margins are faintly angled.

Expanse 30 mm.

Female: wings yellow, slightly striated with purplish

brown. Fore wings: the base and postmedial space from

line to subterminal : spots purplish brown. Hind wings: the

base and inner margin narrowly purplish brown; “similar

postmedial spots partly coalescing and containing white

points on veins ; a subterminal series of small purplish spots.

Expanse 36 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Sitio.

The female is figured in the ‘ Biologia’ as that sex of

Apicta mera, Dr., but mera has the sexes ; similar,

Cimicodes purpurea, sp. 0.

3. Palpi and head fuscous, the palpi laterally streaked

with olive-brown. Collar pale greenish yellow. Thorax

and abdomen reddish brown, the latter fuscous grey terminally,

Wings dark brown, tinged’ with lilacine and “thinly streaked

with black. Fore wings: the costal margin yellowish buff,

becoming whitish below subcostal, and above it irrorated and

striated with black. The lines from whitish shade along

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 583

subcostal ; the antemedial slightly oblique outwardly, fine,

lilacine, outwardly shaded with reddish brown; a black

diseal point circled with lilacine and an oblique reddish-

brown medial shade from it to inner margin; the postmedial

slightly incurved, fine, lilacine, inwardly edged with reddish

brown, and with a whitish-buff point on submedian ; acurved

whitish line before apex, continuing as a subterminal reddish-

brown line from just above vein 7 to vein 5, then considerably

inset and oblique to tornus, followed on veins by fine whitish-

buff spots. tind wings: a reddish-brown antemedial line

straight to vein 2, then slightly incurved to inner margin

near angle, with buff points on veins 1 and 2; a postmedial

outcurved line from vein 5 to angle and an incurved line

from costa at apex to vein 5; the lines outwardly shaded

with lilacine; the postmedial and subapical lines also

followed by buff points on veins; the outer margin tinged

with reddish brown. Underneath fuscous grey, tinged with

lilacine, with numerous faint black striz and irrorations.

Expanse &2 mm.

Female pale olive-brown ; the collar and costa dark lilacine

grey; the extreme costa buff, striated with black; the lines

reddish brown; no medial line ; the postmedial outwardly

whitish and punctiform, the whitish continuing below costa

and angled on costa near subterminal ; the subterminal lines

fainter ; cilia reddish brown, tipped with lilacine.

Expanse 56 mm.

Hab. Carillo, Tuis, Sixola.

Microgonia bilinea, sp. n.

d- Head and thorax olive-brown ; abdomen greyish

brown. Fore wings olive-brown, thinly striated with black ;

a dull brown antemedial line forming three outcurves and

with white points on median and submedian ; a black discal

point ; postmedial heavily maiked, geminate, black, separated

by a greyish line, the inner part of line angled at vein 7 and

incurved to costa, faintly marked, the outer part to apex,

which is much suffused with black; a lilacine buff shade

beyond line, expanding to tornus and crossed by an irregular

daiker shade. Hind wings olive-brown to medial line,

which is heavily marked, black, and is followed by a broad

lilacine buff shade, limited by a dark greyish dentate sub-

terminal shade; the outer margin somewhat darker than

postmedial space; a large black spot postmedially below

costa. Underneath lilacine buff, striated and irrorated with

black; black discal points. Fore wings: the postmedial

584 Mr. W. Schaus on

line finer, geminate; a terminal clearer and paler shade.

Hind wings: the medial line fine, black ; a curved postmedial

row of black points ; some faint subterminal reddish-brown

shadings.

Expanse 80 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Allied to M. agliata, Gn., and M. umbrosa, Schs.

Microgonia sinuosa, sp. n.

3. Palpi, head, and collar olive-buff. ‘Thorax olive-grey.

Abdomen above olive-green. Fore wings: the costa finely

olive-brown; base to middle at discocellular and below vein 4

to outer line silvery grey, heavily striated with fuscous grey,

forming a broad medial shade on which the inner black line

is faintly discernible ; this line outangled in cell near the

small black discal point, inbent, sinuous to inner margin,

with whitish points on veins; outer area above vein 4 to

costa and apex dull pale olive-green, with a few dark striz ;

the outer line very oblique from costa, angled at vein 7 neat

termen, incurved, sinuous to inner margin ‘at two-thirds from

base, lilacine white, edged with reddish brown and with white

points on veins; the terminal area below 4 strongly suffused

with black ; a large whitish-buff spot on inner margin close

to postmedial and cut by submedian. Hind wings dull ra

- with greyish stiize at base and fuscous strie on outer half;

fine whitish postmedial line; subterminal whitish streaks on

veins, inset on vein 4. Fore wings below olive-grey, tinged

with brown towards apex and on outer margin from 2-7,

crossed by darker striw; the apex whitish; the outer line

from vein 7 near termen incurved to beyond middle of inner

margin, white, inwardly shaded with dark olive-brown,

Hind wings below olive-grey, much paler on outer margin ;

the veins olive-brow n; the outer line as on fore wings, per-

pendicular from costa to vein 3, then slightly lunular fa see

margin ; the termen finely and cilia dark brow n, the latter

tipped with white.

Expanse, ¢ 57, ? 65 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis, Sixola.

Allied to M/. sericearia, Wik.,=artaxa, Dr., and M. mewxi-

cata, Gn.

Microgonia extranea, sp. n.

g. Palpi dark brown. Frons brown, a white line between

antenne. Vertex, collar, and thorax reddish brown. Abdo-

men buff-brown. Wings brown, with a few black irrorations.

Hleterocera from Costa Rica. 585

Fore wings: a fine, darker brown, antemedial, perpendicular

line, marked by sulphur-yellow spots on veins, the spot on

submedian larger and extending to inner margin ; a round

dark greyish discal spot containing a velvety-black point; a

very fine darker brown outer line also marked by sulphur-

yellow points, starting from a large yellowish-brown costal

spot, followed by a small cluster of black scales. Hind

Wings: a minute black discal point; a finely lunular post-

medial line, outwardly shaded with sulphur-yellow, more

marked on veins. Wings below brownish grey, irrorated

with black; black discal points, traces of a fine fuscous outer

line, followed by a faint reddish-brown shade; the termen

narrowly shaded with white; a subterminal dentate whitish

line on fore wings from costa to vein 5.

Expanse 51 mm.

Female: fore wings reddish brown, shaded with violaceous

in cell and with violaceous and darker reddish-brown strie ;

antemedial line darker, shaded with grey and more out-

curved between veins, but with the same sulphur-yellow

spots; discal spot larger; the postmedial as in the male; the

costal spot more suffused with reddish brown ; a subterminal

fuscous dentate shade; in both sexes the postmedial is

followed by a brighter shade. Hind wings reddish brown,

shaded with fuscous on basal half and with black strie; a

subterminal fuscous shade. Underneath absolutely similar to

the male,

Expanse 49 mm.

Hab. urrialba, Juan Vinas.

The female has a strong resemblance to M. zarina,

Dogn.

Microgonia sixola, sp. n.

d. Palpi black, tipped with grey. Head and front of

collar black; collar otherwise, thorax, and abdomen light

grey. Wings grey, with a few black irrorations. Fore

wings: antemedial brownish points on median and sub-

median; a black discal point; a postmedial darker grey

slightly lunular line, marked by fuscous points on veins,

which are followed by short whitish streaks; a cluster of

black scales crosses the line at vein 8; a brown costal spot

before apex, mottled with lighter brown ; the termen narrowly

white; cilia olive-brown. Hind wings: the outer half

darker grey; a black discal point; the postmedial line,

termen, and cilia as on fore wings; a subterminal dentate

dark grey shade near anal angle. Underneath grey, thinly

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vii. 39

586 Mr. W. Schaus on

irrorated with black ; black discal points. In some specimens

the lines are almost obsolete, also the black scales at vein 3.

Expanse 40 mm.

Hab. Sixola, Juan Vinas, Guapiles, Tuis.

Allied to AL, cyclopeata, Misch., and punctilinea, Warr.

Microgonia singularis, sp. n.

@. Palpi fuscous. Head dul! brown. Collar and thorax

fuscous brown. Abdomen above fuscous grey, underneath

fuscous brown. Fore wings fuscous; the inner margin

narrowly, the outer margin broadly buff-brown, with dark

strie ; some buff-brown strie beyond cell and brownish strie

on costa; the outer edge of dark space incurved below vein 4;

a velvety-black discal spot; the termen shaded with fuscous

from vein 3 to apex; terminal black points. Hind wings

fuscous, some buff-brown shading at anal angle. Underneath

fuscous; a faint darker subterminal line, marked by buff

points on veins.

Without a male it is impossible to place this species

correctly.

Expanse 55 mm.

Hab. Sitio, Juan Vinas.

FHlerbita divisa, sp. n.

@. Palpi brown. Body and wings roseate buff. Fore

wings: a fine, fuscous, curved, antemedial line, somewhat

interrupted and punctiform on veins ; a black discal point;

postmedial line fine, black, starting from a triangular costal

spot, the inner portion of which does not reach costa, slightly

incurved between 6 and 5, then straight; subterminal black

points on veins. Hind wings: some scattered black strie ;

the postmedial straight, black, widest on inner margin; a

dentate subterminal black line above anal angle. Under-

neath similar, the line almost obsolescent.

Expanse 48 mm.

FTab. Poas.

Allied to H. medama, Dr., but so different to any of the

variable females of that species that I consider it distinct.

Bonatea preclara, sp, n.

?. Palpi brown. Head, collar, and thorax rust-brown.

Abdomen buff-brown. Fore wings ochreous buff, almost

obliterated from base to outer line by thick coalescing rust-

brown striz; only a few striz on outer margin and a sub-

[leterocera from Costa Rica. 587

terminal rust-brown line, wavy and interrupted, deeply den-

tate from vein 3 to inner margin; lines dark olive-brown,

crossed by a line of lilacine white scales, and finely edged on

medial side with reddish brown; the antemedial wavy ; the

outer line angled at vein 7 and crenulate, followed on costa

by a grey and brown spot edged with whitish ; a black discal

point. Hind wings fuscous, tinged with rust-brown on inner

margin and subterminally; a black discal point; a post-

medial crenulate brown-black line, outwardly edged with

grey ; termen whitish buff, with some fuscous and brown

strie; cilia rust-brown from vein 6 to anal angle, whitish

buff above 6. Underneath lilacine grey, with some brown

irrorations; black discal points; a fine crenulate outer line,

followed by a broad rust-brown shade; the termen broadly

white from vein 5 to apex on fore wings and from apex to

anal angle on hind wings.

-Expanse 70 mm.

Hab. Tuis.

Cirsodes aggerata, sp. n.

6. Palpi olive-brown, third joint whitish buff; frons

whitish buff below, dark brown above and on vertex, with a

whitish-buff shade between antenne. Collar, thorax, and

abdomen above olivaceous grey-brown. Body below and

legs buff, irrorated with black. Wings above olivaceous

grey-brown, with a few scattered black scales and terminal

black points at veins. Fore wings: a fine brownish ante-

medial line, punctiform on veins; a faintly darker shade at

end of cell; outer line angled below costa near apex, fine,

dark reddish brown to inner margin at 5 mm. from tornus.

Hind wings: a fine dark outer line, slightly thickened on

veins; a faint subterminal dentate shade. Wings below

whitish buff, with large violaceous irrorations; the lines

replaced by broad violaceous-grey shades. Fore wings: a

subterminal dentate shade and some reddish-brown mottling

from vein 3 to costa and on discal spot. Hind wings: a

small discal spot; subterminal fuscous and reddish-brown

points.

Expanse 40 mm.

Female: collar and thorax olivaceous buff. Abdomen and

wings pale buff, thickly irrorated with violaceous black ;

the lines fine dark brown. Underneath whiter, with. grey

and black irrorations ; the lines fine as above. Fore wings :

a brownish discal spot and a large reddish-brown wee across

588 Mr. W. Schaus on

outer line to costa; no subterminal markings, The apex of

fore wings more produced and acute than in the male.

Expanse 46 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Poas.

Sabulodes turmalis, sp. n.

3. Body buff, the abdomen and legs thinly irrorated with

black. Fore wings buff; the costal margin shaded with

light brown; the extreme edge dark brown, spotted with

white except medially; an indistinct broad antemedial shade,

fuscous, with a brown spot on costa and inner margin; a

black discal point ; a reddish-brown postmedial shade from

vein 6 to costa; the outer line from a white costal spot,

lunular between the veins, reddish brown to vein 5, then

darker, inset and geminate on vein 4, and incurved to just

beyond middle of inner margin, followed by some whitish

scales anda dark greyish shade ; the terminal space brownish

buff, with traces of a darker subterminal shade ; the veins

terminally and spots on cilia reddish brown. Hind wings

whitish buff, with a few black irrorations ; a minute discal

point ; a postmedial row of dark brown points on veins; cilia

with pale reddish-brown spots. Underneath buff-white, with

scattered black irrorations; black-brown discal spots and

postmedial similar spots on veins, connected on fore wings

by a brown shade from vein 38 to costa.

Expanse 35 mm.

Hab. Poas, Volcano Turrialba.

Sabulodes planaria, sp. n.

d. Palpi and frons violaceous brown. Vertex, body

above, and wings brown. Fore wings: antemedial grey

points on veins; a minute black discal point; outer line fine,

dark reddish brown, from costa near apex to inner margin at

two-thirds from base, followed by black points on veins,

outwardly edged with white, and some whitish irrorations

from vein 3 to inner margin ; cilia reddish brown. Hind

wings: a straight postmedial fuscous line outwardly shaded

with Paxéous and followed by points as on fore w ings. Body

below buff; legs outwardly fuseous grey. Wings halos

from base to beyond middle yellowish buff, with fuscous

irrorations ; black discal points ; a broad subterminal brown

shade, not reaching inner margin ; the apex of fore wings

and outer margin “narrowly, but broadly on hind wings,

whitish ; base of cilia whitish, with fuscous spots, terminally

reddish brown.

Eixpanse 40 mm.

Lab. Juan Vinas.

ial

Lleterocera from Costa Rica. 589

Sabulodes infida, sp. n.

3. Palpi buff, shaded with brown laterally. Body buff,

the thorax tinged with brown, the abdomen irrorated with

black, Fore wings buff, shaded and irrorated with brown;

an antemedial brown shade, angled below costa, then in-

wardly oblique ; a black discal point; a wavy postmedial

brown line, inwardly oblique from costa, followed by a

geminate grey-brown line from apex to inner margin, with

fuscous points and whitish dashes on veins; a clearer buff

shade on inner margin beyond geminate line and an irregular

and indistinct subterminal buff shade. Hind wings similar,

a fine medial line and black discal point ; a geminate post-

medial brown line and a subterminal buff shade. Under-

neath whitish buff; black discal points; a fine postmedial

punctiform line ; the outer margins thickly irrorated with

brown and black, especially towards apex of fore wings.

Expanse 32 mm.

Female more of a whitish buff; antemedial line fuscous

brown, with a projecting line on submedian fold to post-

medial line; the postmedial more heavily marked than in the

male, rust-brown ; the buff shade beyond postmedial much

broader and almost reaching apex. The hind wings have

the buff and brown more contrasted than in the male.

Expanse 39 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis.

Sabulodes nubifera, sp. n.

6. Palpi buff, laterally dark brown. Head buff; collar,

thorax, and abdomen buff-brown, with a few black irrorations

on patagia and abdomen. Fore wings: the base buff, with

a few brown specks, limited by the antemedial, which con-

sists of fuscous points on subcostal, median, and submedian ;

medial space brownish, shaded with buff on costa and crossed

by a fuscous medial shade with a white point on discocellular ;

a postmedial row of black points on veins somewhat in-

curved, followed by a broad buff shade, expanding to outer

margin below apex; the costa at apex and outer margin

below vein 4 brownish. Hind wings buff, irrorated with

black ; a brownish medial shade; a postmedial straight row

of black points ; the outer margin broadly brown. Under-

neath roseate buff, thickly irrorated with brown; a faint

medial shade; black discal points and postmedial black

points. In some specimens the brown spaces and medial

lines have a reddish tinge.

Expanse 47 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis.

590 Mr. W. Schaus on

Sabulodes exsecrata, sp. n.

@?. Body and wings brownish buff, with scattered black

and brown irrorations ; small black discal points ; an outer

row of black and reddish-brown points on veins, connected by

a fine faint brownish shade; a subterminal pale reddish-

brown shade; the termen shaded with light brown. Fore

wings: an indistinct brownish antemedial shade, outangled

in cell, outcurved below it; a faint reddish-brown shade

beyond cell, incurved at vein 3; the outer line from costa at

4 mm. from apex, faintly outcurved from 5 to 3, then narrow

to inner margin. Hind wings more heavily irrorated with

black. Wings below whitish buff, thinly irrorated with

black; black discal points. Fore wings: an outer row of

black points, straight from costa to vein 3, then incurved,

followed from 3 to costa by a broad reddish-brown shade ;

the apex whitish. Hind wings: the outer row of points

slightly curved.

Expanse 35 mm.

flab. Poas.

Sabulodes ? lineata, sp. n.

g. Antenne serrate fasciculate. Palpi light brown;

frons greyish; vertex and body brownish buff, a fuscous

shade on neck, and some darker brown transverse shades on

abdomen. Wings buff, shaded with pale rust-brown. Fore

wings: costa lilacine fuscous, darkest on basal third; an

antemedial line, black on costa, angled on subcostal, where

there is a small cluster of black scales, then inbent, pale rust-

brown and indistinct, preceded by a few black irrorations; a

black point at end of cell; the postmedial pale rust-brown,

curved below costa and oblique to before middle of inner

margin, followed by a geminate sinuous dark line, indis-

tinctly filled in with whitish and with white points on veins,

terminating in a fuscous shade at apex; outer margin brown

except a buff space on inner margin next to geminate line;

a wavy dark brown subterminal line; the termen rather

broadly fuscous ; terminal black points; cilia brown. Hind

wings: a fuscous shade at base; an antemedial rust-brown

line; a black discal point; a postmedial rust-brown line,

fuscous on costa, followed by a fine whitish-buff dentate

shade, and then a greyish-brown line; a subterminal rust-

brown line, also fuscous on costa; termen and cilia as on

fore wings. Underneath whitish buff; discal and terminal

black points. Fore wings: a black band along outer margin,

Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 591

narrowing at apex, which is whitish. Hind wings: a nar-

rower marginal black band not reaching termen.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Periclina cervinoides, sp. n.

¢. Palpi brown; body buff-brown. Wings buff, thickly

striated with light brown. Fore wings: the costa yellowish

buff; a fine and indistinct antemedial line, slightly angled on

median, and marked by fuscous points on veins; the outer

line fine dark brown, with darker points on veins, followed by

white streaks and irrorations on veins, from cesta before apex

to inner margin beyond middle ; cilia reddish brown ; a fine

dark streak on discocellular. Hind wings: a dark line across

wing just beyond cell, faintly shaded outwardly with lilacine

white. Underneath brownish buff; some black irrorations

on outer margin; a fine fuscous line across both wings,

followed on fore wings by black points from vein 4 to costa.

Expanse 35 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Periclina cervina, Warr., 2, probably belongs to this

species.

Isochromodes sheila, sp. n.

6. Antenne fasciculate. Palpi dark grey, fringed with

whitish in front. Body and wings lilacine grey, thinly

irrorated with fuscous except on thorax; abdomen with

paired dorsal black spots. Fore wings: a finely dentate

antemedial and postmedial line, grey-brown, very indistinct,

marked by fuscous points on veins, tlhe postmedial terminating

below submedian in a black line; a minute black discal

point; larger subterminal black points on veins, almost obso-

lete on vein 4; fuscous points on cilia at veins. Hind

wings: very faint traces of medial and postmedial brownish

lines, the latter punctiform on veins, outwardly pale shaded ;

subterminal black points on veins 2, 3, and discal fold; a

black discal point. Underneath white, irrorated with fuscous

brown except on inner margin of fore wings, the irrorations

forming heavier subterminal shades; a crenulate terminal

fuscous- brown line.

Expanse 31 mm.

Female: a wavy indistinct medial shade just beyond discal

point, suflusing with postmedial at vein 2 and submedian;

the lines without dark points ; subterminal spots smaller;

the discal spot on hind wings ochreous, edged with black.

592 Mr. W. Schaus on

Underneath the dark subterminal shades form distinct bands,

on fore wings from costa well before apex to tornus, on hind

wings from apex to anal angle; no dorsal spots on abdomen.

Expanse 30-35 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Sitio, Tuis.

Isochromodes phyllira, sp. n.

$. Palpi white, streaked with black laterally. Frons

white below, black above. Vertex and body ochreous buff;

paired dorsal black spots on abdomen. Wings ochreous

buff, irrorated with black; black discal, postmedial, sub-

terminal, and terminal spots. Fore wings: antemedial

black spots on veins, connected by a fine brownish shade,

‘these and the postmedial spots shaded with whitish ; a wavy

light brownish line from costa, contiguous to cell-spot and

meeting postmedial spots on inner margin; a black point at

base of submedian ; postmedial spots incurved below vein 3.

Hind wings: the postmedial spot outset on veins 3 and 4.

Underneath luteous, with only a few black irrorations, chiefly

on costa and outer margins; black discal points ; the terminal

points larger, Fore wings: a dentate lunular fuscous line

connecting the postmedial spots. Hind wings: a fuscous

subterminal line, very irregular.

Expanse 34 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Isochromodes chiron, sp. n.

&. Palpi fuscous grey, fringed with buff. Frons dark

brown. Vertex and body buff-brown; dorsal black irrorations

and paired spots on abdomen; underneath luteous; tibie

and tarsi streaked with fuscous grey. Wings buff-brown,

irrorated with black ; outer, subterminal, and terminal black

points on veins; black discal points. Fore wings: the

costa streaked with fuscous grey; a finely dentate brown

antemedial line, punctiform on veins; a fine brownish in-

distinct line from costa just beyond discal point, suffusing

with outer row of spots at vein 2; the submedian outer spot

sufiusing with irrorations on inner margin. Wings under-

neath whitish buff, partly irrorated with fuscous strie ; an

outer fuscous line angled between veins 3 and 4, and followed

from 3 to costa by fuscous shades, reaching termen on hind

wings ; black discal points ; a terminal black line, crenulate

on hind wings.

Expanse 33 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Hleterocera from Costa Rica, 598

Tetracis picturata, sp. n.

?. Palpi buff-brown, tipped with black. Body and wings

bufi-grey, thinly irrorated with black. Fore wings: the

base faintly tinged with roseate, limited by the antemedial

dark brown line, which is angled on subcostal, slightly inbent

in cell, outangled on median and inangled on fold, then out-

curved ; a black discal point ; postmedial reddish brown on

costa at 4mm. from apex, downcurved, angled at 7, then

black and nearly straight to inner margin, followed by a

rust-brown shade having its outer edge dentate crenulate ; a

black shade at apex; an oblique fuscous shade from vein 4

to termen below 2; cilia rust-brown; the margin produced

at vein 4 beyond apex and slightly crenulate ; a black discal

point. Hind wings: a black postmedial line, followed by a

rust-brown shade less distinct. Underneath whitish buff,

with brownish strie and black irrorations; the postmedial

line very fine, dark brown and punctiform on veins.

Expanse 38 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Azelina solitaria, sp. n.

@. Body and wings light reddish brown; a buff streak

between antenne. Fore wings: antemedial line fine, fuscous

brown, inwardly faintly tinged with lilacine, oblique and

outeurved to median, again outcurved to submedian, and less

go on inner margin; a fuscous discai point; postmedial

straight, slightly oblique, inwardly roseate buff from costa at

three-fourths from base to inner margin beyond middle ;

outer margin tinged with lilacine, with oblique reddish-brown

shades from near postmedial to termen; some terminal black

and white spots; the margin deeply excised below apex and

vein 6 and produced at vein 3 in a line with apex. Hind

wings: a fine buff postmedial line faintly sinuous ; the costa

luteous. Underneath the postmedial line is white; black

discal points; the inner margin of fore wings broadly

whitish.

Expanse 45 mm.

Hab. Banana River, Sixola.

Therina modica, sp. n.

g- Palpi ochreous brown. Head, thorax, abdomen, and

wings ochreous brown; collar and patagia in front yellowish.

Wings with indistinct darker striae. Fore wings: a fine

antemedial perpendicular brown line inwardly edged with

594 Mr. W. Schaus on

yellow ; the postmedial line similar but outwardly edged

with yellow, slightly oblique inwardly from costa at 4 mm.

from apex ; a dark shade on discocellular. Hind wings: a

single medial line outwardly edged with yellow. Under-

neath brownish buff with a few darker strie; a black post-

medial point on costa of fore wings.

Expanse 29 mm.

Female: the outer margins at vein 4 more distinctly angled

than in the male ; body and wings darker and browner ; the

lines heavier, yellow ; the veins finely yellowish.

Expanse 33 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Sitio.

Therina coalitaria, sp. n.

3. Palpi black; head orange ; tegule black fringed with

orange; thorax fuscous grey ; abdomen whitish, tinged with

yellow at base and crossed by fuscous-grey lines. Wings

white spotted with dull olive-brown, partly coalescing. Fore

wings: a dull olive-brown antemedial line angled in cell,

coalescing with some of the spots; a small black spot at end

of cell; an outer dark line faintly wavy, inwardly oblique

from costa before apex, crossing a large dark blotch between

3 and 5, and followed by a large spot between 2 and sub-

median; cilia with large black spots. Hind wings: a dark

medial line; traces of a curved postmedial line. Under-

neath similar.

Expanse 35 mm,

Hab. Poas, Juan Vinas.

@noptila laudata, sp. n.

?. Palpi and frons dark reddish brown. Vertex, collar,

and thorax dull greyish; a black transverse shade on thorax,

Abdomen above reddish brown shaded with black terminally,

and with fine grey segmental lines. Fore wings pale olive-

brown ; the costal margin broadly black shaded in front

with buff, and reddish brown beyond middle ; a narrow dark

maroon shade behind black margin from base to postmedial ;

antemedial line perpendicular, wavy, fine, dark maroon in-

wardly edged with whitish from median, somewhat puncti-

form on median and submedian ; a postmedial broad black

line, somewhat edged with maroon, straight and inwardly

oblique, followed by a large white spot from vein 4 to near 7,

irrorated with yellow, and outwardly cut by a maroon line;

a fine outcurved lunular line from this spot to inner margin ;

the termen faintly tinged with red. Hind wings: costal

TTeterocera from Costa Rica. 595

half strongly tinged with vermilion; inner half pale olive-

brown; the postmedial line of fore wings continued to

middle of inner margin, and followed by a fine maroon line,

outwardly edged with buff, less heavily marked below vein 4,

and outbent, deeply wavy. Underneath silky roseate buff ;

some black irrorations on costa of fore wings, and a small

black apical spot.

Expanse 32 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Thysanopyga submarginata, sp. n.

?. Body brown ; a greyish spot on vertex ; the abdomen.

shaded with dull grey on posterior half. Wings brown

faintly tinged with lilacine, and thinly striated with black ;

the lines black-brown. Fore wings: the costa fuscous

mottled with buff; a black subcostal line from base to apex ;

‘a very fine basal line; antemedial line straight or faintly

oblique inwardly from subcostal ; the postmedial line faintly

incurved from subcostal to inner margin near base; a black

point in cell ; a subapical white lunule followed at termen

by fuscous and brown shadings; a terminal dark line with

whitish points at veins; cilia brown with a fine buff line at

base. Hind wings: the antemedial line distinct, straight ;

a white discal point; the postmedial line very fine from

costa near apex to anal angle. Underneath grey with

fuscous-grey irrorations; the outer margins very broadly

dark brown; a terminal white spot on fore wings from

below vein 6 to vein 8 ; a black point at apex. The sexes

similar.

Expanse 32 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Sixola.

Allied to T. subapicalis, Dogn., which is larger and has no

outer line on hind wings.

Thysanopyga muricolor, sp. n.

g. Palpi and frons brown ; vertex and body mouse-grey ;

lateral tufts at base of abdomen fuscous. Wings mouse-

grey. Fore wings: the costa with black strie; an ante-

medial reddish-brown line angled in cell, curved below

median ; the basal space in and below cell reddish brown ; a

fine medial line from subcostal above black discal point, in-

bent to median, then straight to inner margin, reddish buff,

indistinctly edged with reddish brown; an outer reddish-

brown incurved line, outwardly shaded with brown and some

black at vein 2 and submedian fold; the terminal space

596 Mr. W. Schaus on

brownish grey ; a subapical curved black line enclosing a

licht grey space above vein 6 anda brown dash on costa.

Hind wings: a basal, postmedial, and subterminal fuscous

shade; some fine black striz on inner margin; a minute

whitish discal point; a terminal brown line; cilia at base

and terminally greyish. Underneath dull grey ;_ black

discal points; a few scattered black irrorations; a faint

subterminal brownish shade on costa of fore wings and an

apical black point.

Female: grey portion of wings rather lighter, the outer

margin somewhat darker brown; the hind wings faintly

tinged with brown.

Expanse 29 mm,

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Thysanopyga fuscaria, sp. n.

3. Palpi and frons brown; vertex grey; head behind

buff-brown, collar and thorax violaceous brown, the patagia

greyish ; abdomen brown grey. Fore wings: costal margin,

a spot below apex on outer margin, and a marginal space

from vein 5 to tornus whitish buff with dark grey strie,

otherwise fuscous grey ; antemedial line reddish brown, fine,

angled on subcostal, inbent on median, and then straight to

submedian, inwardly edged with whitish buff; a black

medial line from subcostal to inner margin ; a white discal

point; the outer line reddish brown, incurved, outwardly

shaded with whitish buff from below vein 5. Hind wings

buff, shaded with ochreous, and with long dark grey strie ;

an indistinct fuscous-brown antemedial line ; a white discal

point followed by a broad fuscous shade; an indistinct sub-

terminal shade, very irregular. Underneath grey thickly

ivrorated with fuscous.

Expanse 27 mm.

Hab. Sitio, Juan Vinas.

Closely allied to 7. muricolor, Schs.

Petelia vinasaria, sp. n.

3. Palpiand legs lilacine buff. Head and thorax purplish

brown; abdomen greyish shaded dorsally with violaceous

red. Wings purplish brown striated with fuscous ; black

discal points ; a fine fuscous antemedial line; the outer

line fine, fuscous, faintly lunular. Underneath pale buff,

the outer margins broadly shaded with purplish red; black

d'scal points.

Expanse 24 mm.

Feterocera from Costa Rica. 597

Female : a faint reddish-brown shade on fore wings beyond

cell, and a similar shade on hind wings between the lines.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hah. Juan Vinas.

Petelia pallidula, sp. n.

@. Palpi and frons purplish brown. Vertex and body pale

reddish brown. Wings light brown: an outer row of

whitish points on veins, inwardly dark shaded. Fore wings :

antemedial whitish points on veins; a reddish shade at end

of cell and beyond it; a small similar shade below vein 2

medially, followed by a purplish shade which extends to

costal and inner margins ; a black discal point ; some darker

strie on margins. Hind wings: the cell crossed by purplish

striz; a small reddish shade beyond cell between 4 and 6.

Fore wings below roseate buff; a black streak on disco-

cellular; some dark stri# on costa. Hind wings below

yellowish ; the outer margin broadly roseate.

Expanse 30 mm.

Female: wings yellowish brown; the outer row of spots

larger, black, those on veins 3 and 4 somewhat outset.

Fore wings: antemedial spots faintly connected by a fuscous

line; the purplish shade across end of cell very faint; the

shades beyond cell pale ochreous. Wings below roseate ; a

faint darker subterminal shade.

Expanse 32 mm.

Hub. Poas.

Allied to P. interrupta, Warr.

Petelia nigrivestita, sp. n.

g. Palpi light brown tipped with grey. Frons purplish

brown. Body light brown; a large black patch on thorax

posteriorly extending on abdomen; transverse black bands

on most of the segments. Wings light brown with a few

darker striz and black irrorations. Fore wings: an inter-

rupted faint purplish antemedial line; a large fuscous patch

at and beyond end of cell, not reaching outer margin, its

outer edge dentate and followed by a black spot at apex,

and a fuscous shade between 3 and 4; some outer white

points on veins 3-7 ; a purplish postmedial shade from vein 3

to inner margin, preceded below vein 2 by a faint pale

reddish shade. Hind wings: a faint postmedial line, heavily

marked, black, from vein 4 to inner margin and followed by

a large black patch, with its outer edge dentate. Under-

neath roseate buff with minute black discal points.

598 Mr, W. Schaus on

Expanse 28 mm.

Female: brighter tinged with salmon-colour; the black

strice conspicuous; the large spots black, very distinct. Fore

wings: antemedial line angled below costa, inbent and

interrupted between the veins ; no terminal fuscous shade at

vein 4.

Eixpanse 34 mm.

Hab. Poas, Juan Vinas.

Closely allied to P. nigriplaga, Schs., but of a different

colour and the large patches more remote from margin.

Petelia umbrosa, Schs.

Q. Palpi, head, and collar purplish. Thorax and abdomen

reddish. Wings reddish thickly striated with purplish.

Fore wings: costa purplish; broad antemedial, medial, and

postmedial purplish shades, the last two faintly oblique out-

wardly and angled at vein 3. Hind wings; an antemedial

and a postmedial broad purplish shade, suffusing vaguely

above vein 6 and below vein 4. Underneath yellowish

buff ; black discal points ; a fine fuscous outer line, angled

on both wings at vein 4; some faint purplish striz.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab, Juan Vinas.

Petelia cariblanca, sp. n.

&. Palpi pale reddish brown. Head, body above, and

wings purplish red; a black spot on frons; neck whitish

buff, similar segmental lines on abdomen. Wings: black

discal points followed by a nearly quadrate yellow spot

edged with brighter red ; an outer row of whitish points on

veins. Fore wings: antemedial white points on veins; a

small medial yellow spot on fold edged with red, and a faint

similar spot in cell before discal spot. Fore wings below

pale reddish; a black discal spot and traces of a yellow

spot. Hind wings below pale yellowish; a reddish discal

spot; the outer margin broadly reddish.

Expanse 34 mm.

Hab. Cariblanco.

@nothalia montivaga, sp. n.

@. Palpi and frons brown, the vertex darker; collar

fuscous grey; thorax and abdomen reddish brown, Wings

rich brown. Fore wings : the costal margin purplish fuscous ;

a purplish-brown antemedial line straight from subcostal to

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 599

inner margin; a similar medial shade faintly outcurved,

crossing the black discal point; an outer series of white

points, the largest on costa connected by a faint darker

brown line partly irrorated with white, and outcurved on

veins 3 and 4; terminal white points on veins. Hind

wings: an antemedial purplish-brown line, straight from

costa to below cell, then inbent to inner margin; an outer

row of white points also outcurved on 3 and 4, and terminal

points as on fore wings. Fore wings below roseate brown ;

a dark outer line angled below vein 4; a small discal point.

Hind wings below yellowish irrorated with purple on outer

margin; a large discal point; an outer violaceous line,

broader than on fore wings, and angled below vein 4,

Expanse 31 mm.

Hab. Poas.

Allied to G2nothalia anagogaria, Warr.

Alana picturata, sp. n.

3S. Palpi and frons brown; antenne and vertex grey;

back of head and collar lilacine brown ; thorax grey; abdo-

men grey shaded with brown dorsally. Fore wings grey,

thinly striated with fuscous ; a heavy reddish-brown ante-

medial line, angled below subcostal; a faint medial brownish

shade, followed by a triangular reddish-brown spot, its apex

extending on vein 5; a buff shade follows this spot towards

apex and is crossed by a reddish-brown postmedial line, only

faintly visible below vein 5; a subterminal black line from

vein 5 to costa, preceded by a reddish-brown shade; a faint

terminal dark line. Hind wings light reddish brown tinged

with grey at base and with a few greyish strie; a dark

brown antemedial line, an ochreous discal point, a reddish-

brown medial line, and a faint subterminal line. Under-

neath whitish grey ; a broad marginal fuscous shade. The

sexes similar.

Expanse 24 mm.

Hab. Sixola, Esperanza.

Melanolophia conspicua, sp. n.

3. Palpi buff shaded with brown laterally ; vertex whitish

buff ; thorax, abdomen, and wings buff faintly tinged with

green ; abdomen with brownish dorsal spots and transverse

shades. Fore wings: the margins with fuscous striz ;

a fine dark antemedial line followed by a dark point on

median vein ; a broad fuscous medial line, somewhat sinuous

and inbent ; the postmedial fuscous, finely lunular, forming

600 Mr. W. Schaus on

a single larger lunule between vein 2 and submedian; a

heavy fuscous shade on vein 4 from postmedial to sub-

terminal ; the subterminal consisting of coalescing black spots,

somewhat interrupted between 2 and 4; a marginal black

spot above vein 5 sometimes coalescing with subterminal ;

an interrupted terminal black line. Hind wings: the

medial black shade heavily marked ; the postmedial line

very fine, irregular; subterminal black spots chiefly near

inner margin and between 4 and 6 ; a terminal wavy black

line, punctiform near anal angle. Underneath whitish buff,

the lines indistinct ; black discal points ; a broad subterminal

fuscous shade reaching termen between 4 and 7 on fore

wings, narrowing and interrupted near anal angle on hind

wings.

Expanse 35 mm.

fab. Juan Vinas, Tuis.

Melanolophia directilinea, sp. n.

g. Palpi and frons dark brown; vertex yellow. Legs

buff, tarsi brown-grey. Thorax and abdomen grey. Wings

buff-grey irrorated with brown; the lines dark brown.

Fore wings : antemedial line curved on costa, then slightly

oblique inwardly ; median line straight, followed by a dark

point on discocellular; postmedial line straight, faintly

oblique; traces of subterminal dark shades between veins

5 and 7, more noticeable in the female. Hind wings: ante-

medial and postmedial lines straight from costa to inner

margin; the ground-colour a trifle paler before postmedial ;

a terminal fine dark line on both wings. Underneath paler,

the lines less distinct; a fuscous subterminal shade on

female.

Expanse 41 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis, Carillo.

Close to M. ordinata, Dogn.

Cidartophanes luculenta, sp. n.

8. Palpi mottled lilacine brown and buff, spotted with

fuscous. Head and collar green, the frons spotted with

black, and black shadings on collar outwardly. Thorax

mottled black, brown, and green. Abdomen fuscous brown

above with brighter brown dorsal tufts. Legs roseate brown

spotted with black. Fore wings: basal half dark brown

crossed by black strize and a wavy black medial line; an

antemedial pale green fascia, finely edged with black, out-

wardly oblique from costa, and angled on fold, its inner edge

Teterocera from Costa Rica. 601

expanding basally on subcostal ; costa with roseate brown

strize ; a green spot above discocellular inwardly, and some

green before a large fuscous subterminal spot ; postmedial

space roseate buff crossed by black striae, and a black spot on

discocellular, followed by a green shade between 2 and 4;

broad marginal fuscous shadings crossed by black stria,

somewhat interrupted on vein4; the termen green, with

large black spots between the veins ; an upright subterminal

whitish streak near the tornus. Hind wings fuscous; a

large orange apical space to middle of outer margin; the

inner area crossed by a postmedial and subterminal black

wavy line; the termen on anal half narrowly roseate buff.

Fore wings below: the basal and apical area roseate buff,

with dark irrorations; an oblique medial black fascia,

followed by a broad yellow space to tornus; a broad oblique

black space from beyond cell to outer margin at vein 2,

Hind wings reddish buff irrorated with black.

' Expanse 45 mm.

Female: fore wings lilacine brown, with darker strize and

black irrorations ; the medial black line outangled in posterior

portion of cell, inwardly angled on fold; a fine black post-

medial line, oblique, wavy, strongly angled on vein 4,

followed by a dull greenish shade; markings otherwise

similar to male, but paler. Hind wings also with a medial

black line and with the lines partly repeated on underside,

Expanse 48 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Cartago.

Bombycodes circumdaia, sp. n.

3. Palpi, head, collar, and coxe yellow. Thorax and

abdomen above silky grey, underneath whitish ; legs out-

wardly dark grey. Wings white, the veins more heavily

sealed ; all the margins broadly dark grey.

Expanse 40 mm.

The female has vein 7 on hind wings distinctly dark

grey.

Expanse 49 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis.

Allied to B. orates, Dr.

Genussa vicina, sp. 0.

3. Head fuscous; palpi fringed with orange. Collar

white shaded with dark grey. Thorax white medially, dark

grey laterally; the patagia almost entirely dark grey.

Abdomen dark grey, whitish dorsally on basal half; a lateral

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 40

602 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

white line ; white underneath. Wings white; the margins

fuscous grey, darkest on veins. Fore wings: a rather broad

fuscous-grey band from costa across discocellular to tornus ;

veins fuscous grey except on large postmedial white area.

Hind wings white suffused with fuscous brown between

veins 2 and 4, though streaked with white near outer

margin; the veins fuscous grey.

Expanse 39 mm.

Hab. Sixola, Juan Vinas.

Near G. semiplecta, Warr., but the transverse band on

fore wings differently placed.

LXVII.—WNotes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.—V.

By Rowtanp E. Turner, F.Z.S., F.E.S.

Further Notes on the Thynnide and Scoliide.

WuereE not otherwise mentioned, the types of the species

described here are in the British Museum, several having

been received from the African Entomological Research

Commission. In more than one case I have been obliged to

speak rather severely of the work of Mr. Cameron ; I regret

to do so, but as he is still publishing I consider it necessary.

But in describing species of Scolia, especially Dielis, from

the male sex he is by no means alone: this should never be

attempted except from a large series and by comparison of

the genitalia, which usually show good specific distinctions ;

colour is not usually reliable, ‘and even when constant

locally may be different in another locality without corre-

sponding differences in the female. Descriptions of new

species in this genus when taken from the male alone are

seldom anything but a hindrance to other workers, Cameron,

in speaking of the African species of Plesia in Sjéstedt’s

‘Zool. Kilimandjaro-Meru Expedition,’ states that they are

much in need of revision. He is quite right, but it is largely

his own work on the group that renders such a revision

difficult or almost impossible for other workers.

Family Thynnide.

Subfamily Rwacreasrerv2.

Rhagigaster latisulcatus, sp. n.

2. Nigra, nitida, sparse punctata ; capite subquadrato, sulco lato,

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 603

obliquo, auricomato utrinque; pygidio lato, haud compresso ;

flagello fusco.

6. Niger, albido-pilosus, punctatus, alis flavo-hyalinis, tarsis

brunneis.

Long., 9 17 mm., ¢ 19 mm.

?. Head subquadrate, a little broader than long; the

clypeus short, shallowly emarginate and with a median

carina; front above the base of the antennze closely punc-

tured ; the vertex shining, with a few scattered punctures ;

a deep broad groove on each side running obliquely from

the eye almost to the posterior margin of the head and

densely clothed with long golden hairs. Pronotum sparsely

punctured, more closely on the anterior portion, where some

of the punctures are confluent longitudinally; as long as

the breadth on the anterior margin, distinctly broadened

posteriorly. Scutellum, median segment, and abdomen

very sparsely punctured; scutellum twice as broad as long,

slightly narrowed posteriorly ; median segment as long as

the pronotum, gradually broadened from the base, vertically

truncate posteriorly ; first abdominal segment truncate at

the base, a little broadened to the apex, and slightly longer

than the second segment.

6. Clypeus emarginate at the apex, with a narrow cordate

space reaching from the base to the apex smooth and _flat-

tened and shining, margined by raised carinz, the sides of

the clypeus densely clothed with long whitish pubescence,

Head, thorax, and median segment closely but not coarsely

punctured; the interantennal prominence well developed

and broadly rounded at the apex ; a transverse carina below

the anterior ocellus not nearly reaching the eyes, Antennze

inserted a little further from each other than from the eyes.

Anterior angles of the pronotum not prominent, the ante-

rior margin straight and slightly raised. Mesonotum with

the usual four longitudinal furrows, the inner pair very

broad and deep; scutellum more sparsely punctured, trian-

gular ; median segment short and broad, rounded. Abdomen

a little longer than the head, thorax, and median segment

combined, not slender, rather sparsely punctured, the seg-

ments strongly constricted at the base, the apical segment

small, triangular, with a median carina; hypopygium

without lateral spines. Third abscissa of the radius longer

than the second by nearly one half; second recurrent ner-

vure received close to the base of the third cubital cell,

almost interstitial with the second transverse cubital

nervure, strongly bent outwards in the middle.

Hab. Kuranda, Queensland (F. P. Dodd).

40*

604 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fosserial Hymenoptera.

Eirone marginicollis, sp. 0.

¢. Niger; mandibulis, clypeo, scapo, pronoto, tegulis, mesonoto

macula quadrata, scutello, postscutello, segmentoque mediano

postice flavis; abdomine segmentis 4 basalibus rufo-testaceis ;

pedibus testaceis, flavo- variegatis ; alis hyalinis, iridescentibus,

nervulis fuscis.

nitido, cylindrico.

Long., d 7mm., 9 4mm.

&. Clypeus convex, subcarinate from the base almost to

the apex, slightly produced and truncate at the apex. An-

tenne inserted further from each other than from the eyes,

without a frontal prominence between them. Head and

thorax finely and closely punctured, more coarsely on the

head than on the thorax; pronotum smooth and shining,

with the anterior margin straight and very strongly raised,

the propleurze strongly concave. Scutellum subtruncate or

very broadly rounded at the apex; median segment short

and broad, obliquely sloped posteriorly. Abdomen shining

and almost smooth, fusiform; the hypopygium broadly

rounded. Third abscissa of the radius longer than the

second ; first recurrent nervure received at the middle of the

second cubital cell, second at about one-third from the base

of the third cubital cell.

?. The whole insect shining, very sparsely and finely

punctured. Head rectangular, about half as Jong again as

broad, very slightly convex ; the eyes very small, not quite

touching the base of the mandibles. Pronotum a little

shorter “than the median segment, slightly narrowed ante-

riorly, about half as long again as the ‘greatest breadth,

narrower than the head. Scutellum small, rectangular, a

little longer than broad. Median segment a little broadened

from the ‘base, nearly twice as long as the greatest breadth.

Abdomen slender, ‘cylindrica 1; pygidium simple. Inter-

mediate coxze very narrowly separated.

Hab. Port Darwin (F. P. Dodd) ; March.

Subfamily Tuyyyivx.

Mons. J. Bréthes (An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, xx. pp.205-—

316, 1910) has recently published a paper in which he deals

with many species of Thynnidz and Scolide from Argen-

tina and the adjacent countries. He has unfortunately

overlooked one or two of my papers published two years

previously, and, through no fault of his own, was unac-

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Llymenoptera. 605

quainted with more important papers published earlier in

1910. As a result several of his names must sink as

synonyms. He places all the American Thynnidz in the

genus Elaphroptera, considering that the material available

is insufficient for division into small genera. This division

has already been attempted, and as the genera founded by

Guérin were based on careful dissections and are confirmed

by differences in the more recently discovered females, I

think they should have been allowed to stand. But

M. Bréthes makes no attempt to group the species according

to their natural affinities, and only once makes a note of

comparison ; his key to the males is based almost entirely

on colour, and the descriptions are arranged somewhat after

the order in which the species fall in the key to the males.

Now the utter unreliability of colour-characters in this

family has been shown by M. André in his valuable paper

on the Thynnidi of Concepcion, which is not referred to by

M. Bréthes. The descriptions are fortunately fairly com-

plete, except where neuration is of importance, though there

is much difficulty in giving a correct idea of the shape of the

male clypeus in few words and without the help of plates.

The following synonymy may, I think, be regarded as

certain ; probably more will be added later.

Scotena polistoides, Turn.

Scotena polistoides, Turn. Zool. Jahrb. xxix. 2, p. 182 (1910).

Llaphroptera diodon, Bréthes, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, xx. p, 221

(1910).

Spilothynnus bituberculatus, Turn.

Telephoromyia bituberculata, Turn. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 70

(1908). @.

Spilothynnus bituberculata, Turn. Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iii. p. 182

(1909). ¢.

Llaphroptera mendozana, Bréthes, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, xx.

p. 237 (1910). ¢ Q.

Spilothynnus (?) stygius, Turn,

Spilothynnus stygius, Turn. Zool, Jahrb. xxix. 2, p. 190 (1910). ¢.

Elaphroptera melanosoma, Bréthes, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, xx.

p- 235 (1910). fg Q.

Ammodromus ingenuus, Sm.

Thynnus ingenuus, Sm, Descr. n. sp. Hymen. p. 173 (1879) (nec

Bréthes).

Elaphroptera fasciatella, Bréthes, An. Mus. Nac, Buenos Aires, xx.

p: 232 (1910).

606 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

Eucyrtothynnus avidus, Turn.

Elaphroptera avida, Turn. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 73 (1908). ¢.

Elaphroptera avida, Turn. Zool. Jahrb. xxix. 2, p. 201 (1910). @.

Eucyrtothynnus avidus, Turn., Wytsman, Gen. Insect. ev. p. 25 (1910).

Llaphroptera bruchit, Bréthes, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, xx. p. 222

(1910) 9g. 2

Eucyrtothynnus anisitsi, Turn.

Elaphroptera anisitst, Turn. Zool. Jahrb. xxix. 2, p. 204 (1910). GQ.

Elaphroptera paraguayensis, Bréthes, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, xx.

p. 240 (1910).

? Elaphroptera paranensis, Bréthes, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, xx.

p. 287 (1910), ¢.

Eucyrtothynnus (?) inferna, Turn.

Elaphroptera inferna, Turn. Zool. Jahrb. xxix. 2, p. 214 (1910). ¢.

Llaphroptera tucumana, Bréthes, An, Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, xx.

p. 234 (1910). ¢ Q.

The generic position of this species is doubtful, but it is

nearer to Eucyrtothynnus than to Elaphroptera. It is allied

to EH. mapirensis, Turn.

Telephoromyia argentina, Weyenb.

Tachypterus argentinus, Weyenbergh, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xxvii. p. 277

(1883).

Mons. Bréthes (An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, xx. p. 229,

1910) sinks this species and 7° cordoviensis, Weyenb., with

some doubt as synonyms of 7’. rufipes, Guér. Weyenbergh

evidently used the generic name Tachypterus because the

mandibles are tridentate and both recurrent nervures

received by the second cubital cell, whereas Guérin plainly

states that in JT. rufipes the second recurrent nervure is

received by the third cubital cell. The name Tachypterus is

correct, and Mons. Bréthes has been misled by a mistake in

Dalla Torre’s catalogue in correcting it to Zrachypterus,

which is quite a different genus, not belonging to the

Thynnidz. Whether his identification of Guerin’s species

is correct or not I cannot say, as he gives no description of

the male. He does not mention the neuration in any of

his descriptions of Thynnide or Scoliide.

Eucyrtothynnus rubescens, Bréthes, subsp. fiebrigi, nov.

¢. Niger; mandibulis (apiceexcepto), clypeo, maculis duabus supra

antennas, margine interiore oculorum latissime antice, genis,

Mr. R, E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 607

margiue posteriore capitis anguste, pronoto antice et postice in

medio interrupto, mesopleuris macula arcuata, t tegulis, mesonoto

linea utrinque supra tegulas et macula bilobata postice, scutello

margine posteriore, angulis anticis et maculis duabus magnis

medianis, postscutello, segmento mediano fasciis duabus obliquis

‘apice divergentibus, segmentis dorsalibus 1-6 macula magaa

laterali femoribusque infra flavis; abdomine cerasino, segmento

primo basi nigro; tibiis tarsisque ferrugineis, flavo-variegatis ;

alis subhyalinis; clypeo dimidio apicali concavo, apice late emar-

ginato, angulis productis, acutis; hypopygio angusto, apice

rotundato,

2. Nigra; fronte, segmento dorsali primo fascia lata transversa,

secundo macula transyersa utrinque, tertio, quarto quintoque

fascia lata transversa in medio interrupta flavis; mandibulis,

clypeo, antennis, pygidio pedibusque brunneo-ferrugineis ;

clypeo subconeayo, emarginato, segmento dorsali secundo inter

carinas 2 transverse rugoso, margine apicali insuper elevato,

segmento sexto dorsali angusto, “ventrali semicirculari apice

' rotundato.

Long., ¢ 18 mm., 9 14 mm.

3g. Closely and finely punctured, the concave portion of

the clypeus smooth and shining, seventh dorsal segment

longitudinally rugose. Antenne about as long as the thorax

and median segment combined, the apical joints arcuate

beneath, scutellum convex ; abdomen rather slender ; third

abscissa of the radius nearly twice as long as the second,

third cubital cell receiving the second recurrent nervure at

about one-fifth from the base; inner tooth of the mandibles

obliquely truncate.

9. Head finely and closely, thorax more sparsely punc-

tured, abdomen almost smooth, the second dorsal segment

transversely rugose in the middle between two transverse

carine, the apical margin strongly raised ; pronotum pro-

duced in the middle of the anterior margin into a rounded

lobe, half as broad again on the anterior as on the posterior

margin, slightly depressed in the middle. Abdomen beneath

closely punctured ; fifth ventral segment coarsely obliquely

striated ; sixth dorsal segment very narrow, pointed at the

apex, and fitting into an incision in the broadly rounded

lower plate of the pygidium.

Hab. San Bernardino, Paraguay (K. Fiebrig).

Type in U.S. National Museum.

I do not think that this is more than a geographical race

of Elaphroptera rubescens, Bréthes (An. Mus. Nac. Buenos

Aires, xx. p. 239, 1910), but in the description of that species

there is no mention of the clypeus being emarginate, and

the yellow markings on the scutellum and abdomen differ.

608 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial I1ymenoptera.

The male only of rubescens is described. The markings on

four specimens of the present species which are before me do

not vary appreciably ; but colour in this genus is often

unreliable.

Elaphroptera intaminata, Sm.

Thynnus intaminatus, Sm. Descr. v. sp. Hym. p. 173 (1879). gd.

Thynnus (Elaphroptera) holomelas, André, Voy. Belgica, Zool. Hym.

p. 61 (1902). ¢.

Llaphroptera arcuata, Turn. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 76 (1908). ¢.

E. arcuata is merely a variety with clear hyaline wings;

the wings in the type of intaminata are unusually dark ; it is

probably from a more northern locality. The first abdo-

minal segment seems to be distinctly longer and more slender

in the Patagonian form of the species than in the Chilian

specimens, but they do not differ otherwise except in the

length of the third abscissa of the radius, which is shorter in

the Chilian form. I do not think they can be treated as

distinct species; but if they are, then André’s name should

stand for the Patagonian form.

Genus EvROHWERIA, nom. nov.

Aolothynnus, Turn. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. xxxiil. p. 113 (1908)

(partim).

AHolothynnus, Turn., Wytsman’s Genera Insect. cy. p. 39 (1910) (nec

Ashmead).

Turnerella, Rohwer, Entomological News, xxi. p. 849 (1910).

My identification of Ashmead’s genus, of which the type

was undescribed, was incorrect, as has been pointed out by

Mr. Rohwer, who renamed the genus Turnerella. That

name, however, was used by Professor Cockerell for a genus

of bees; his paper was published in London on the same

day as Mr. Rohwer’s paper was published in America, and I

believe the name should be retained for the bee. I therefore

have to propose a new name for the genus.

Eurohweria pentadonta, sp. n.

3. Niger; punctatus, abdomine nitido; mandibulis basi, clypeo

macula apicali lineaque Jongitudinali basali nigris, margine exte-

riore oculorum, macula magna bilobata inter antennas, pronoto

angulis anterioribus et margine posteriore, mesonoto macula,

mesopleuris maculis duabus, scutello macula bilobata, tegulis,

postscutello, segmento mediano fascia curvata utrinque, seg-

mentisque dorsalibus 1-6’ macula obliqua utrinque pallide flavis ;

pedibus testaceis ; alis hyalinis, neryulis fuscis; clypeo conyexo,

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 609

modice producto, apice truncato; pronoto antice subemarginato ;

hypopygio quinquedentato.

Q. Testaceo-brunnea ; capite ferrugineo, longitudine sesqui latiore,

haud compresso, in medio longitudinaliter suleato, albo-piloso ;

pronoto longitudine latiore, dense albo-piloso ; segmento mediano

obliquo, nitido; abdomine nitido; segmento dorsali secundo

transverse tricarinato, margine posteriore insuper elevato; pygidio

elongato, angusto.

Long., ¢ 7-9 mm., 2? 4-5 mm.

¢. Antenne inserted further from each other than from

the eyes, a little shorter than the thorax without the median

segment, the interantennal prominence not developed.

Clypeus moderately produced, strongly convex, truncate at

the apex, the labrum exposed. Head and thorax closely but

not coarsely punctured ; abdomen shining and almost smooth,

the segments constricted at the base. Pronotum widely and

very shallowly emarginate ; median segment rounded; scu-

tellum broadly truncate at the apex, almost flat; sixth

ventral segment with a spine on each side at the apical

angles ; hypopygium truncate at the apex, with the usual

three spines, the apical spine the longest, but all rather

short, a lateral spine on each side a little before the apex.

9. The first, third, and fourth dorsal segments are

depressed broadly at the apex and sides, the raised basal

portion is very strongly bilobed and rounded on each side.

Median segment obliquely sloped from the scutellum. The

pronotum is very densely clothed with whitish hairs, so as to

hide the sculpture; the head is much less thickly pubescent,

the hairs being confined to the front round the base of the

antenne and to the median line; the eyes are separated

from the base of the mandibles by a distance exceeding their

own breadth. Ventral surface of the abdomen punctured,

most strongly on the fourth and fifth segments.

Hab. Kuranda, Queensland (F. P. Dodd).

Eurohweria myola, sp. un.

¢. Niger, nitidus, sparse et delicatissime punctatus; clypeo con-

yexo, haud elongato, apice anguste truncato; hypopygio tri-

dentato ; mandibulis, clypeo, marginibus oculorum, fronte macula

magna utrinque, vertice macula, capite margine posteriore an-

guste, pronoto macula nigra utrinque, mesonoto macula maxima

quadrata, tegulis, scutello basi nigro, postscutello, mesopleuris

fascia curvata, segmento mediano apice et lateribus, segmentisque

dorsalibus 1-6 macula obliqua utrinque lete flavis; pedibus

flavis, testaceo-variegatis ; alis hyalinis, iridescentibus, nervulis

pallide testaceis.

610 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

@. Testacea; thorace fusco-brunneo; capite fusco, haud com-

presso, latitudine paullo longiore, subconvexo, nitido; pronoto

longitudine sesqui latiore ; segmento dorsali secundo transverse

tricarinato, margine apicali insuper paullo elevato; pygidio

elongato, angusto.

Long., ¢ 7mm., 9 4mm.

3g. Clypeus strongly convex, not elongate, narrowly trun-

cate at the apex, much broader than long, produced into a

point on each side above the base of the mandibles. An-

tenn shorter than the thorax without the median segment,

inserted further from each other than from the eyes, without

an interantennal prominence; the front marked with a

shallow longitudinal suleus. Anterior margin of the pro-

notum strengly raised and transverse; scutellum rather

narrowly truncate at the apex, only slightly convex ; median

segment rounded ; abdomen slender, the sides almost parallel

except at the extremities; the segments constricted at the

base ; sixth ventral segment with a short spine on each side

at the apical angles; hypopygium not broad, ending in three

spines, the middle spine more than twice as long as the

lateral. Very sparsely and rather finely punctured, the

abdomen almost entirely smooth. Third abscissa of the

radius longer than the Second ; the second recurrent nervure

received at about one-sixth from the base of the third

cubital cell.

?. Smooth and shining, with a few small punctures on

the abdomen. Head subrectangular, rounded at the poste-

rior angles, a little longer than broad, a lateral carina

reaching from the eye nearly halfway to the posterior margin

of the head, the sides of the head concave. Pronotum

slightly narrowed posteriorly, half as broad again as long ;

scutellum transverse, not very narrow, more than twice as

broad as long, equal in length to the dorsal surface of the

median segment. First dorsal segment broadly depressed

at the apex ; second with three transverse carinz in addition

to the raised apical margin, the basal carina sometimes con-

cealed by the first segment; third and fourth segments

broadly depressed on the apical margin, the raised portion

before the depression deeply emarginate in the middle and

rounded at the sides. Pygidium long and narrow, almost

linear.

Hab. Kuranda, Queensland (F. P. Dodd).

This is very near perelegans, Sm., which is probably

distinct from cerceroides, but which is at present only known

in the male sex. The punctures on the thorax in perelegans

are very large and deep.

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 611

Eurohweria compressiceps, sp. n.

@. Testaceo-brunnea; capite nigro, elongato-arcuato, lateraliter

compresso, latitudine duplo longiore ; pronoto longitudine paullo

latiore ; segmento dorsali secundo transverse bicarinato ; pygidio

elongato, angusto.

do. Niger; mandibulis basi, clypeo macula basali utrinque, pronoto

margine anteriore interrupto et margine posteriore, mesopleuris

linea antice, postscutello, segmentisque dorsalibus 2-4 macula

utringue albidis; abdomine rufo-ferrugineo; alis subhyalinis ;

clypeo elongato, carinato, apice emarginato; antennis brevis-

simis; pronoto antice emarginato ; hypopygio trispinoso.

Long., 2 4mm., ¢ 6mm.

9. Head shining, very strongly compressed laterally,

arched, twice as long as broad, smooth and shining; eyes

very small, touching the base of the mandibles. Thorax and

median segment finely but not closely punctured ; pronotum

a little broader than long, subrectangular, as long as the

scutellum and median segment combined, and as broad as

the head. Abdomen almost smooth; the segments rather

narrowly depressed on the apical margin, more broadly in

the middle than at the sides; second dorsal segment with

two strong transverse carinz, the apical margin less strongly

raised, forming a third. Pygidium long and very narrow.

Intermediate and posterior tarsi slender.

36. Clypeus long, as long as the greatest breadth, shallowly

emarginate at the apex, with a median longitudinal carina,

the labrum exposed. Head, thorax, and median segment

finely and closely punctured; antennz no longer than the

thorax without the median segment, of even thickness

throughout, as far from the eyes as from each other, the

interantennal carina almost transverse and not very promi-

nent. Pronotum as broad as the head, widely emarginate

anteriorly ; a very deep hollow in front of the mesopleure

for the reception of the anterior femora. Scutellum convex,

subtriangular, rounded at the apex, with a deep transverse

groove at the base, rather sparsely punctured. Median seg-

ment rounded, not truncate. Abdomen scarcely longer

than the head, thorax, and median segment combined,

tapering slightly towards the extremities, especially towards

the apex; the segments strongly constricted at the base.

Hypopygium with three spines, the median spine the longest.

Third abscissa of the radius longer than the second; the

second recurrent nervure received at about one-sixth from

the base of the third cubital cell. The spine at the angles of

the sixth ventral segment is short, but quite distinct.

612 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

Hab. Kuranda, Queensland (F. P. Dodd).

Allied to sanguinolentus, Turn., especially in the strongly

compressed head of the female.

Eurohweria immitis, sp. n.

3. Niger; clypeo basi, pronoto antice et postice, mesopleuris

antice, postscutello, segmentis dorsalibus 1-5 macula laterali

obliqua utrinque, tibiis subtus tarsisque anterjoribus albis; seg- .

mentis abdominalibus 5-7 rufo-ferrugineis ; alis hyalinis, sub-

iridescentibus, nervulis nigris ; clypeo convexo, elongato, latitu-

dine equilongo, apice anguste truncato; pronoto haud emar-

ginato; hypopygio tridentato.

9. Nigra; abdomine pedibusque testaceis; capite modice com-

presso, latitudine longiore, antice paullo dilatato; segmento

secundo dorsali transverse tricarinato, margine posteriore insuper

elevato; pygidio elongato, angusto.

Long., ¢ 7 mm., 9 4mm.

6. Clypeus convex, as long as broad, produced and

narrowly truncate at the apex ; the labrum slightly exposed.

Antenne about as long as the thorax without the median

segmeut; the interantennal carina low and almost trans-

verse. Head closely punctured on the front, more sparsely

on the vertex ; thorax rather sparsely and finely punctured ;

base of the median segment and the whole dorsal surface

of the abdomen smooth and shining, the ventral surface of

the abdomen sparsely punctured. Pronotum nearly half as

long in the middle as the mesonotum, the anterior margin

almost transverse ; scutellum depressed at the base, not very

strongly convex, broadly truncate at the apex. Median

segment rounded. A strong depression in front of the

mesopleure for the reception of the anterior femora. Abdo-

minal segments strongly constricted at the base ; the abdomen

slender, sixth ventral segment with a spine on each side at

the apical angles ; hypopygium ending in three spines, the

middle spine the longest.

9. Head flattened above, longer than broad, slightly

widened anteriorly, moderately compressed, the sides

flattened, smooth and shining. ‘Thorax sparsely punctured ;

pronotum as long as broad, the anterior angles prominent.

Apical margin of the first dorsal segment strongly depressed,

second segment with four strong transverse carinz including

the raised apical margin ; pygidium long and very narrow ;

abdomen almost smooth, with a few large punctures.

Hab. Kuranda, Queensland (F. P. Dodd).

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 613

Zaspilothynnus obliquestriatus, sp. n.

¢. Niger; clypeo convexo, sparse punctato, apice late truncato ;

hypopygio triangulari, angulis basalibus tuberculatis, apice spina

armato; clypeo, mandibulis, marginibusque oculorum flavis; alis

flavo-hyalinis, nervulis nigris.

. Nigra, nitida, sparsissime punctata ; capite convexo, longitudine

latiore; abdomine segmento primo oblique striato, segmento

secundo transverse sex-carinato ; pygidio oblique truncato, lati-

tudine fere duplo longiore, obscure longitudinaliter striato.

Long., ¢ 18 mm., 2 11 mm.

3. The clypeus is very strongly convex, the apical margin

depressed and broadly truncate. Head, thorax, and median

segment closely and finely punctured, the pubescence on the

head and pronotum fulvous, on the median segment grey.

Abdomen narrowed a little at the extremities, shining,

more sparsely punctured than the thorax; sixth ventral

segment with a spine on each side at the apical angles ;

seventh dorsal segment produced into a flattened plate,

coarsely punctured and truncate at the apex ; hypopygium

triangular, distinctly longer than the breadth at the base,

with a stout apical spine, the basal angles with a well-

developed tubercle. Third abscissa of the radius a little

longer than the second; first recurrent nervure received

beyond two-thirds from the base of the second cubital cell,

second just before one-third from the base of the third

cubital cell. The groove between the first and second ventral

segments is not deep. The carina between the antenne is

almost transverse ; abdominal segments feebly constricted at

the base.

2. Mandibles falcate, acute at the apex ; head about half

as broad again as long, strongly rounded at the posterior

angles, moderately convex ; front rather closely punctured

above the base of the antennz, with a short longitudinal

sulcus ; the vertex shining, with a few scattered punctures.

Thorax and median segment shining, with a few shallow

punctures ; pronotum subrectangular, more than half as

broad again as long, the posterior margin arched; scutellum

broader than long, broadly rounded at the apex; median

segment only half as long as the pronotum. First abdo-

minal segment strongly obliquely striated, second segment

with six strong and even transverse carine ; segments 3-5

shining, with a few scattered punctures. Pygidium obliquely

deflexed, about twice as long as broad, the sides parallel,

indistinctly longitudinally striated, with a tuft of fulvous

614 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

setze on each side, ventral plate broadly rounded at the

apex.

Hab. Kuranda, Queensland (F. P. Dodd); September.

This species is somewhat intermediate between the genera

Zaspilothynnus and Leptothynnus. Unfortunately the an-

tennze of the male are broken.

Family Scoliide.

Subfamily Ezrprvz.

Myzine ( Pseudomeria) neavei, sp. n.

bulisque basi fusco-ferrugineis ; tarsis testaceis; pronoto, meso-

noto scutellogue rufis; segmento abdominali secundo fascia

interrupta, tertio macula utrinque albis.

Long. 10 mm.

? . Head subrectangular, nearly half as broad again as long,

slightly rounded at the posterior angles, smooth and shining ;

the clypeus short and transverse. Scape smooth and

shining above, clothed with long grey hairs beneath; the

basal joint of the flagellum concealed, only ten joints

visible, the apical joint the longest. Ocelli small ; the eyes

ovate and touching the bases of the mandibles. Long grey

pubescence on the posterior margin of the head, the anterior

margin of the pronotum, the pleurz, and more sparsely on

the sides of the abdomen. Pronotum nearly as long as the

greatest breadth, slightly narrowed anteriorly, shining, with

afew scattered punctures. Pleurze closely punctured, the

sides of the median segment smooth. Mesonotum very

short, smooth; scutellum closely punctured, longer than

the mesonotum; median segment shining, obliquely sloped

posteriorly, Abdomen shining, with a few scattered punc-

tures, the sixth dorsal segment rounded at the apex.

Wings very short, reaching a little beyond the base of the

second dorsal segment, the fore wings deeply bilobed, the

stigma situated at about one-sixth from the base.

Black; flagellum and mandibles at the base fusco-

ferruginous ; tarsi testaceous; pronotum, mesonotum, and

scutellum red ; a transyerse band narrowly interrupted in

the middle on the second dorsal abdominal segment and a

spot on each side of the third white. Wings fusco-hyaline,

with a bronze flush.

Hab. Mombera District, Nyassaland, 4000 ft. (S. A.

Neave) ; June 1910. One specimen.

Type in B.M. (A. E. BR. C.).

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 615

The wings are a little longer than in dakarensis, Buyss.,

but much shorter than in perornata, Turn. In the latter

species the stigma is placed much further from the base of

the wings.

Myzine polilissima, sp. n.

3. Niger, nitidus, punctatus; abdomine subtilissime punctato;

clypeo emarginato; mandibulis, clypeo, scapo subtus, pronoto

antice et postice, segmentis abdominalibus fasciis latis apicalibus

flavis; alis hyalinis, nervulis nigris, stigmate testaceo ; pedibus

flavis.

Long. 14 mm.

d. Clypeus widely and shallowly emarginate at the apex,

nearly twice as broad as long, and produced at the lateral

angles into a short spine projecting over the base of the

mandibles. Head, thorax, and median segment finely and

closely punctured, shining ; with rather long white pubes-

cence, which is very close on the front, posterior margin of

the head, mesopleure, and median segment. Pronotum

as long as the mesonotum, strongly narrowed anteriorly.

Posterior ocelli widely separated, further from each other

than from the eyes ; all the ocelli small and situated on the

sides of deep depressions. Median segment obliquely sloped

posteriorly. Abdomen shining, minutely and_ shallowly

punctured, the segments not constricted; basal segment

with a narrow petiole forming the basal third, the apical

two-thirds as broad as long, slightly swollen and only a little

narrower than the second segment; segments 2-6 very much

broader than long ; the apical dorsal segment convex, deeply

emarginate at the apex, the emargination deeper than the

breadth at the apex, the lateral processes rather narrowly

produced, bluntly pointed at the apex. Posterior tibia as

long as the first jot of the posterior tarsus plus half of the

second joint. Second abscissa of the radius slightly longer

than the third.

Black; mandibles, except at the apex, clypeus, scape

beneath, the apex of the prominence above the base of the

antenne, the anterior and posterior margins of the pronotum

broadly, a broad apical band on each dorsal segment and on

all except the basal ventral segment, and the legs yellow.

Wings hyaline, nervures black, stigma testaceous, tegule

ellow.

; Hab. Upper Luangwa River, N.E. Rhodesia (8. A.

Neave); 27th July-13th August, 1910. A. E. R. C.

This male may be distinguished from all others known to

me by the shining and almost impunctate abdomen.

616 Mr. R. E. Turner on Possorial Hymenoptera.

Myzine rufifrons, Fabr.

Larra rufifrons, Fabr. Ent. Syst. ii. p. 222 (1793).

gee ee en Cam. Records Albany Museum, i. p. 301

Vor Myzine erythrostomus, Cam. Ann. Transy. Mus. ii. 3, p. 117

(1910).

There seems to be absolutely no reason for separating the

northern specimens from those from the Cape. The presence

of a white spot on each side of the fifth dorsal segment as

well as on the three preceding segments is certainly not a

sufficient character to form a new species on, this being

essentially a variable point in allied species; and the other

slight differences mentioned by Cameron seem to me, after

an examination of several specimens from various localities,

to be overstated. The reckless description of new species

on very insufficient material is certainly much to be

deplored.

In the same paper (pp. 118-119) Cameron describes two

males of the genus Plesia, according to his determination,

to which unfortunately I can attach no value, as he has

previously described males as Plesia which beyond doubt

belong to Myzine. He omits in both descriptions all

mention of the form of the basal abdominal segment, which

is of much importance in this group, but from his description

of the anal segment I consider that the species (pacificatrix

and ¢transvaalensis) are more likely to belong to Myzine

than to Plesia.

Myzine (?) swalei, sp. n.

do. Niger, mandibulis, tegulis, tibiis tarsisqne pallide flavis;

segmentis abdominalibus 2-6 apice flavo trimaculatis; alis

hyalinis, nervulis nigris, stigmate magno, vena cubitali ultra

cellulam cubitalem tertiam vix producta, cellula radiali apice

obtusa; clypeo apice rotundato ; segmento mediano longitudina-

liter impresso; segmento abdominali primo petiolato, apice

nodoso.

Long. 6 mm.

3d. Clypeus a little broader at the apex than long, the

apical margin broadly rounded. Antenne inserted very far

apart, about twice as far from each other as from the eyes,

gradually thickened towards the apex, the front between

them not prominent. Posterior ocelli situated fully twice

as far from each other as from the eyes. Ocelli small,

eyes shallowly emarginate on the inner margin. Median

segment margined at the sides, with a broad, shallow,

longitudinal depression in the middle, truncate posteriorly.

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossortal Hymenoptera. 617

Abdomen slender, a little longer than the head, thorax, and

median segment combined ; the first segment longer than

the second, the basal third forming a narrow petiole, the

apical two-thirds swollen ; segments 2-6 slightly constricted

at the base; the apical segment with the emargination

broader at the apex than deep, the lateral processes rounded

at the apex, the spine of the hypopygium long and sharply

recurved. Head and thorax closely punctured and rather

thickly clothed with long white pubescence, abdomen more

sparsely and finely punctured. Radial cell rounded at the

apex, less than twice as long as the greatest breadth, ex-

tending on the costa for less than two-thirds of the distance

from the apex of the stigma to the apex of the wing, second

abscissa of the radius as long as the third, the third cubital

cell only about one quarter longer on the cubitus than on

radius ; first recurrent nervure received beyond the middle

of the second cubital cell, second before the middle of the

third cubital cell, the neuration not continued beyond the

cubital and discoidal cells.

Black ; the mandibles, tegulz, a transverse spot in the

middle and one on each side of dorsal segments 2-6 pale

yellow; tibiz and tarsi yellow marked with black. Wings

hyaline, nervures black.

Hab. Caia, Zambesi R. (H. Swale) ; September.

This species is very distinct in neuration from typical

Myzine, more nearly approaching some of the species of

Iswara, though in other respects it does not resemble that

genus. It can only be placed in Myzine provisionally.

Elis (Mesa) pyxidata, sp. n.

@. Nigra, mandibulis basi fusco-ferrugineis ; pygidio rufo, striato :

alis hyalinis, venis nigris.

Long. 10 mm.

2 . Clypeussparsely punctured, roundedat theapex. Head

and thorax closely and rather deeply punctured, more finely

and sparsely round the ocelli and on the seutellum, the

median segment finely punctured, with a median groove.

Abdomen finely and shallowly punctured, the ventral surface

shining and with very scattered punctures; pygidium

closely longitudinally striated, the strie not reaching the

broadly rounded apex. First abscissa of the radius

longer than the third, which is a little longer than the

second. First recurrent nervure received at the middle of

the second cubital cell, second just before the middle of the

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. Al

618 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

third cubital cell. Stigma very small, radial cell not de-

tached from the costa and narrowly truncate at the apex,

receiving the strongly oblique third transverse cubital

nervure at the apex.

Black, with sparse white pubescence; the mandibles

fusco-ferruginous at the base; pygidium red. Wings

hyaline, nervures black ; spines of the tibie white.

Hab. Mid-Luangwa Valley, N.E. Rhodesia; August

(S. A. Neave). A. E.R.C.

Elis varicolor, Turn.

Elis varicolor, Turn. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vii. p. 806 (1911).

A specimen from San Bernardino, Paraguay (Fiebrig), in

the U.S. National Museum, shows that the reddish colour

of the head and thoracic markings in the type were due to

discoloration. The Paraguay specimen differs from the type,

having the clypeus and antenne black, and yellow marks on

the apical angles and sides of the median segment: the

femora are also yellow at the apex. This may prove to be

a local race, but I have only seen the two specimens.

Elis andina, Turn.

Elis immaculata, Schrottky, Deuts. ent. Zeitschr. p. 198 (1910). @.

These descriptions without doubt refer to the same

species.

Elis ameghinoi, Bréthes.

Elis ameghinoi, Bréthes, An. Mus. Nac, Buenos Aires, xx. p. 251

(1910). ¢.

Plesia bonaerensis, yar., Turn. Zool. Jahrb, xxix. p. 228 (1910). ¢ 9.

I do not think that this is more than a local form of

bonaerensis, Burm., as I have before suggested. The female

is, | consider, the form described by Bréthes as the female

of cuyena, Burm., but this is not certain. The yellow spots

on the median segment of the male are usually present, one

on each side near the apex, but occasionally absent. The

second recurrent nervure is usually received close to the

apex of the second cubital cell, but is sometimes interstitial

with the second transverse cubital nervure. There are males

of this species in the Berlin Museum from the province of

Salta, 3500 ft., the type being from Mendoza.

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 619

Subfamily 7rrurrmz.

Tiphia meridionalis, Turn.

Tiphia meridionalis, Turn. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) ii. p. 128

(1908). @.

Tiphia platensis, Bréthes, An. Mus. Nae. Buenos Aires, xx. p. 255

(1909). 9.

I think my identification is correct, but M. Bréthes omits

to mention the comparative length and breadth of the

median segment, an important point in this genus, in all

his descriptions of Tiphia. This character, however, has

usually been overlooked.

Subfamily Scozziwz.

Scolia (Triscolia) opalina, Sm.

Scolia opalina, Sm. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soe., Zool. ii. p. 89 (1857).

Scolia unimaculata, Kirby, Trans. Ent. Soc., London, p. 446 (1889). @.

Scolia lathona, Cam. Proc.-Zool. Soc. 1901, ii. p. 18. ¢.

This species ranges from Borneo to Tenasserim.

Scolia erratica, Sm,

Scolia erratica, Sm. Cat. Hym. B.M. iii. p. 88 (1855); Sauss. Ann.

Soc. ent. France, (3) vi. p. 211 (1858).

Scolia molesta, Sauss. et Sichel, Cat. spec. gen. Scolia, p. 111 (1864).

I consider that Saussure’s first identification of this

species was correct, the description of molesta answering

well to Smith’s type.

Scolia westermanni, Sauss.

Scolia westermanni, Sauss, Ann. Soc. ent. France, (3) vi. p. 212 (1858).

Scolia erratica, Sauss. et Sichel, Cat. spec. gen. Scolia, p. 110 (1864)

(nec Smith).

Saussure’s name westermanni should, I think, stand for

this species.

Scolia indica, Sauss.

Scolia indica, Sauss. Mém. Soc. phys. et hist. nat. Genéve, xiv. p. 46

(1854).

Scolia eliformis, Sauss. Ann. Soe. entom. France, (3) vi. p. 215

(1858). 3.

I have taken both sexes at Kandy under circumstances

which leave no doubt as to the identity of the species, though

not actually in coitu.

41*

620 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

Scolia patara, Cam.

Scolia patara, Cam. Journ. Straits Br. Asiat. Soc, xxxvii. p. 83 (1902).

Scolia thyatira, Cam. é. c. p. 188 (1902). ¢.

S. patara differs from thyatira, as far as I can see, only

in the absence of the small yellow marks at the base of

the clypeus. The idea of founding a species on such a

distinction in this group without the amplest evidence is

unreasonable. The difference in the neuration at the apex

of the radial cell noticed by Cameron is only imaginary.

I have seen a specimen of each labelled “type” by

Cameron himself in the National Collection. I consider

that descriptions of male Scoliine, where the female is

unknown, are seldom useful, and should only be published

after comparison of long series, if at all. I must also

protest against the very objectionable habits of some authors

as regards types; there should be one specimen only

marked as the type of a species, and not every specimen

which has been seen by the author. The commercial

value of a “type” is unfortunately the cause of much rash

and unscientific description and of lax habits in the

marking of types.

Scolia wahlbergii, Sauss.

Lacosi wahlbergi, Sauss. Stett. ent. Zeit. xx. p. 183 (1859). 9.

Scolia wahlbergt, Sauss. et Sichel Cat. spec. gen. Scolia, p. 94

(1864). @.

6. Niger, punctatus, albo-pilosus ; clypeo macula obliqua utrinque,

orbite exteriore anguste, interiore sub emarginatione oculorum

flavis; flagello aurantiaco; alis fusco-violaceis, abdomine iri-

descenti.

Long. 14 mm.

3. Clypeus with a few large punctures, broadly truncate at

the apex; interantennal prominence transverse at the apex,

with a low longitudinal carina, closely and finely punctured ;

vertex sparsely punctured, a smooth space below the anterior

ocellus. Antenne about as long as the head, thorax, and

median segment combined. Thorax very closely but not

coarsely punctured; median segment widely and shallowly

emarginate posteriorly, First abdominal segment almost as

broad as the second, much broader than long, broadly

rounded at the base, with a minute and very short carina in

the middle at the base. The three anal spines are long.

The abdomen is less closely punctured than the thorax, the

segments are clothed with white pubescence, thinly on the

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossortal [Tymenoptera. 621

basal, more thickly on the apical segments, with the apical

margins of the segments indistinctly ciliated. There.are a

few fulvous hairs on the dise of the mesonotum and on the

clypeus. The yellow colour on the inner margin of the eye

extends upward to the emargination which is wholly yellow.

Radial cell broadly rounded at the apex, extending very

little beyond the second cubital cell.

This beautiful species seems to be common round Lake

Nyassa, many specimens having been sent by Mr. S. A.

Neaye (A. E. R.C.) captured in February and March on the

south-west shore and on the Upper Shiré. There are also

specimens in the Berlin Museum from Langenburg.

Scolia (Dielis) collaris, Fabr.

Tiphia collaris, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 354. 9.

Scolta senilis, Fabr. Ent. Syst. ii. p. 237. o.

Scolia eriophora, Klug, Symb. phys. iii. p. 14. ¢.

he male of this species is very variable, though the form

eriophora seems to be tolerably constant in the localities in

which it is prevalent. In the localities in which the form

senilis is prevalent, varieties showing more or less tendency

to orange-red abdominal bands frequently occur. The

localities for the species in the British Museum collection

range from the Gambia River to Karachi. The male form

senilis occurs throughout North Africa from Mogador to

Tripoli, there being no specimen in the collection from those

localities with the abdominal bands at all strongly developed.

In Egypt, Arabia, Baluchistan, and Karachi eriophora seems

to be constant, and may be called the Eastern form of the

male; but a considerable series from Gibraltar and a few

specimens from the Gambia are all eriophora. The same

form also occurs throughout East Africa as far south as

Mashonaland and in Madagascar as the male of Scolia celebs,

Sichel ; which may be looked on as the Ethiopian race of

collaris, Saussure suggests that S. dimidiatipennis, Sauss.,

is also a form of the female, but apparently the two forms

occur together on the Gambia, and in other localities

celebs and dimidiatipennis seem to occur together, though

larger collections and more accurate data are needed before

certainty can be reached. The male of dimidiatipennis is

scarcely to be distinguished from the form senilis, though

more strongly glossed with blue on the abdomen.

622 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

Scolia (Dielis) fasciatella, Klug.

Scolia fasciatella, Klug, Symb. phys. iil. p. 17 1 a =: d:

Elis aureola, Klug, Symb: phys. iii. p. 20 (1832

Colpa dimidiata, ‘Lepel. Hist. nat. Insect. Hym. iil. p. 549 (1845). 9.

Hab. Mogador to Karachi.

There can, I think, be no doubt, after comparison with the

nearly allied Ethiopian forms, that fasciatella and aureola

are sexes of one species. It appears to belong to the desert

fauna, and is in the British Museum from Mogador,

Harkeko, and Karachi. By almost all authors a mistake

has been made in confusing it with a common Ethiopian

species, in which the mesonotum is highly polished and

almost without punctures and the wings strorgly infuscated

along the costal margin. I consider that the descriptions

of Klug and Lepeletier both apply to the North African

form, and cannot find that the Ethiopian species, which is

distinct from felina, Sauss., has received aname. Saussure’s

description applies to the Ethiopian species, as also does

Tullgren’s.

Scolia (Dielis) hyalina, Klug.

Ellis (Dielis) khugii, Sauss. et Sich, Cat spec. gen. Scola, p. 172 (1864).

The male of this little-known desert species is still un-

known. It may possibly prove to be antennata, Klug,

which occurs with hyalina 2 from Mogador to Karachi.

Saussure looked on antennata merely as a variety of

fasciatella, and he may be right, both forms having the

recurrent nervures nearer together than is usual. It seems

to me, however, that the claspers of fasciatel/a are distinctly

broader than in antennata, though the genitalia are other-

wise very similar. In the Escalera collection from Mogador,

hyalina @ was associated with S. (Z7vielis) villosa @; but

the differences between hyalina and villosa are very con-

siderable, though villosa is so variable that it is quite

possible that hyalina may be a desert form of that species.

But specimens of vil/osa from Biskra in the Saunders

collection differ much from the typical form in another

direction, the female having the abdomen red; the clypeus

shining, sparsely punctured, with short longitudinal striz

at the apex ; the third cubital cell well defined, the radial

cell shorter and narrower. In Spanish specimens of the

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 623

female the clypeus is marked with a strongly margined

triangular area, and the third cubital cell is very rarely

present ; the colour is black in all specimens I have seen,

and the spine of the posterior tibia is more strongly spatu-

late than in other specimens. The form from S8.W. Persia

has the clypeus finely and closely punctured and the pubes-

cence more golden, but does not differ much otherwise from

the Spanish form. The male of the Biskra form has the

antennz two-thirds as long as the costa, the usual length

in other localities being little more than one-half the length

of the costa; the third abscissa of the radius is scarcely

two-thirds of the length of the second transverse cubital

nervure, instead of a little longer as in the normal form,

the radial cell is shorter on the costa than the stigma and

truncate at the apex, in the normal form very broadly

rounded at the apex and longer than the stigma; the fifth

dorsal segment is without an apical baud and the seventh

dorsal segment is red. The shape of the third cubital cell

in Albanian specimens is similar to that in Biskra specimens,

and the red form of the female seems to be prevalent in

Albania.

Further observations on the desert forms are needed.

Scolia (Dielis) lindenii, Lep., subsp. ceylonica, Kirby.

Campsomeris ceylonica, Kirby, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 452

(1889). ¢ (mec 2).

This seems to me to be the Ceylon form of /indenii; but

the male differs from the typical form in the more elongate

form of the three basal abdominal segments, the fulvous

colour of the abdominal bands and the legs, and the more

distinct dark patch at the apex of the fore wing. The

female differs from the form of lindenii with fulvous pubes-

cence in the smooth area on the disc of the mesonotum and

on the middle of the scntellum, and in the greater develop-

ment of the dark apical patch on the fore wing. The

female described by Kirby as cey/onica is really a variety of

iris, Lep., and is not the same species as the male. I have

taken ceylonica g coupled with lindenii ? at Kandy, and can

therefore speak with absolute certainty.

S. prismatica, Sm., seems to be a variety of lindenii.

Kirby’s mistake in associating the sexes is not surprising,

as the colour is very similar.

624 Myr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

Scolia (Dielis) tasmaniensis, Sauss.

Elis tasmaniensis, Sauss. Mém. Soc. phys. et hist. nat. Genéve, xiv.

p. 61 (1854). Q.

Elis (Dielis) formosa, Sauss. et Sich. Cat. spec. gen. Scolia, p. 209

(1864), 2 g ; Turn. Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iv. p. 178 (1909)

(nec Guérin).

I was wrong in following Saussure’s identification of this

insect. Guérin’s type was from New Ireland and has the

second recurrent nervure incomplete. This species is

represented in Queensland by Scolia (Dielis) subopaca,

Turn., which may prove to be absolutely identical with

formosa; but as I have not seen specimens of that species

from the typical locality it is possible that there may be

subspecific distinctions. Mantero (Ann. Mus. Civ. Storia

Nat. Genova, xl. p. 592, 1900) and Schulz (Berlin. ent.

Zeitschr. xlix. p. 212, 1904) refer to specimens of formosa

from New Guinea, but without noticing the error in

Saussure’s identification of the Australian species.

In addition to colour differences, which, though small,

seem fairly constant, the male tasmaniensis may be dis-

tinguished from radula, Fabr., and carinifrons, Turn., by the

length of the antennz. Compared with the length of the

costa of the fore wing, this is in fasmaniensis as 10 to 14, in

radula as 9 to 14, and in carinifrons as 54 to 10 in milli-

metres. The genitalia of tasmaniensis and radula are very

different. The antennee of carinifrons g are much shorter

than in the other species.

Scolia (Dielis) limosa, Burm.

Scolia limosa, Burm. Abh. naturf. Ges. Halle, i. pt. 4, p. 28 (1858).

Elis mevicana, Cam. Biol. Centr.-Amer. pt. 112, Hymen. ii. p. 232

(1893).

Scolia rokitanskyi, D. T. Cat. Hym. viii. p. 179 (1897).

Cameron’s name is undoubtedly a synonym of this

common Mexican species.

Scolia (Dielis) fallax, Sauss.

Elis fallax, Sauss. Mél. Hymen. i. p. 62 (1854), ¢.

Campsomeris hyalina, Lep. Hist. nat. Insect. Hym. iii. p. 497 (1845)

(nec Klug), } |

Klug’s name hyalina has to be retained for the North-

African species, having priority. The name of the well-

known 8S. American species must therefore be changed.

Saussure preferred to rename Klug’s species klugii, but this

cannot stand.

On new Opiliones from Japan &e. 625

LXVIII.—On some new Opiliones from Japan and the

Loo-Choo Islands. By 8S. Hirst.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THe Japanese harvest-men which are described in this note

form part of a series of Arachnida collected by Mr. 8.

Akiyama. Two of the species belong to the suborder

Laniatores, which was not hitherto known to occur in Japan.

One of these two species is referable to the genus Stvtalces,

E. Sim., a genus which was founded in 1879 for two species

occurring op the island of Réunion, and contains also three

Kast-Atrican species recently described by Dr. W. Sorensen,

and another (iS. gardinert, Hirst) from the Seychelles. I

take this opportunity to describe an Indian species (8. in-

dicus, sp. n.) from Travancore. It is necessary to create a

new genus (//eterobiantes) for the other species of this sub-

order, obtained by Mr. Akiyama. Two other species be-

longing to this new genus were already present in the British

Museum collection (//. geniculatus, Poc., from Hong Kong,

which was described by Mr. Pocock under the name Hpe-

danus, ani H. insulanus, sp. n., from Great Loo-Choo

Island). A species of the genus Systenocentrus, i. Sim.

(Opiliones palpatores), was also represented in Mr. Akiyama’s

collection. The genus Systenocentrus is new to Japan, but is

already known to occur in Siam (S. quinguedentatus, E. Sim.)

and Burma (S. galeatus, Thor.), and an Indian species

(Syleus niger, C. L. Koch) also probably belongs to this

a A Chinese species (S. confucianus, sp. n.) is described

below.

Systenocentrus japonicus, sp. 0.

Dorsal surface of body presenting the appearance of being

closely and uniformly granular throughout (see the remarks

at the end of this description). A median process, which is

well marked although not very large, is present a little

behind the anterior margin of the cephalothorax, and a pair

of much smaller projections are situated on the margin

immediately in front of this process. Ocular tubercle mode-

rately high and about as wide as long; its posterior surface

is rounded, but the anterior surface, when viewed in profile

from the side, seems almost straight; a conical protuberance,

which points in a forward and upward direction, is placed on

the front half of its dorsal surface. Spines of dorsal surface

five in number and about equal in length.

626 Mr. 8S. Hirst on new Opiliones from

Ventral surface.—A slight crest of granules is present on

both sides of the first and fourth coxe, and on the anterior

side of the second and third.

Chelicera smooth and shining above, but its proximal

segment has a well-marked tooth near the base below.

Palp.—Femur moderately stout and slightly swollen on

the inner side at the distal end. Patella stout, on the inner

side at the apex it is produced into a stout short process.

Tibia also stout and rather short, but longer than the patella.

‘Tarsus long and slender, the distal end a little stouter,

however, than the proximal; it is about equal in length to

the patella + the tibia.

Legs fairly long (see measurements) ; their femora, patellee,

and tibia are furnished with very minute granules, but the

metatarsi (except their proximal end) and the tarsi are quite

smooth.

Measurements in mm.—Total length 3°75 ; length of first

lee (from base of femur) 8°75, of second 20°25, of third 9, of

fourth 14,

Colour of body black ; posterior spines (sometimes all the

spines) of the dorsal surface paler at the apex. Chelicera

deep black. Palp brownish, but its tarsus is sometimes

blackish. Coxe of legs slightly darkened, the trochanters

pale, the remaining segments of the legs usually rather dark,

but the femur is sometimes very slightly lighter in colour

than the distal segments (in one specimen the legs are light

brown, only the tarsi being distinctly darkened) ; the tibia of

the second leg is not white at the apex as in S. galeatus,

Thor., but unicolorous.

Material.—F our specimens, collected by Mr. 8. Akiyama

at Fakoné, Japan, during the month of June, 1910.

Remarks.—At first 1 thought that the dorsal surface of this

species was closely granular, but whilst examining a specimen

(under electric light condensed by a bull’s-eye condenser) I

noticed that the heat of the artificial light had turned many

of the granules white. On rubbing the surface softly with a

blunt instrument many of them became detached and disclosed

the fact that it was minutely punctured beneath. The

granules of this species seem to consist of secreted matter.

This new species has the cheliceree smooth and black, as in

S. quinquedentatus, E. Sim., but seems to differ (judging

from Simon’s description) from that species in the structure

of the ocular tubercle and in the presence of a median _pro-

jection just in front of the anterior margin of the cephalo-

thorax. The ocular tubercle resembles somewhat that of

S. galeatus, Thor., but the tibia of the second leg lacks the

Japan and the Loo-Choo Islands. 627

white apical band which Thorell states to be present in that

species.

Note.—The specimens on which the description of this new

species is based probably are immature, and I think that

S. galeatus, Thor., is also described from an immature speci-

men ; both seem to be quite distinct species, however.

Systenocentrus confucianus, sp. n.

Dorsal surface of body very finely granular ; in addition

to the very minute granules, several indistinct transverse

rows of obsolete but rather larger granules are also present,

and on the abdominal part of the dorsal surface one of these

rows is usually placed in a line with each of the large central

spines ; the middle of the front of the cephalothoracic area is

rather high, and is furnished with a group of conical tubercles

(very similar to those which are present in the same position

in some of the species of the genus genus). Ocular tubercle

low; although obsolete, the median groove can still be

distinguished, but it is very shallow and indistinct ; on either

side of it a few very minute granules are present. Close to

the posterior margin of the dorsal surface and in a line with

the five large spines a conical granule is present.

Palp resembling that of S. japonicus, sp. n., rather closely

in structure, but the patella without any process.

Legs.—Several distinct denticles are present at the apex

of the upper surface of the femora and patelle, and a denticle

is present on either side at the apex of the tibia; femora

sparsely furnished with obsolete granules and short hairs,

and the distal segments with numerous fine short hairs.

[No mention is made in this description of the armature of

the basal segments of the limbs. ]

Total length 6mm.

Colour.—Body black; proximal segments of the legs

(including the femora and patellee) blackish, their tibic

brownish ; metatarsi and tarsi paler brown. Chelicera

blackish. Palp with all the segments dark except the tarsus,

which is rather light brown, but slightly darkened at the tip.

Material.—A single dry specimen from Taipaishan, Shensi

Province, China; presented by the Hon. Walter Rothschild.

Genus SITALCES.

In S. akiyame, sp. u., and S, indicus, sp. n., the palp is

armed with tairly strong spines of the usual Epedanid type,

and Dr. W. Sérensen’s figures of S. typus, W. S., S. horridus,

W.5S., and S. mordax, W.S8., show that the spines borne by

628 Mr. 8. Hirst on new Opiliones from

the palpi of those species are similar in nature. The spines

of the palp of S. gardineri are shorter and the basal portion

of nearly all of them is short.

As in other genera of the family Epedanide, the number of

tarsal segments is variable in this genus and seems to be only

of specific importance.

Sitalces akiyame, sp. n.

Body very slightly longer than the metatarsus of the fourth

leg and much longer than the tibia of the second or fourth.

Scutum without any conspicuous processes (except those

on the anterior margin and the ocular tubercle and its pro-

cesses); the greater part of its surface is covered with

granules, each bearing a short stout hair, but anteriorly at

the sides a considerable area is smooth and without granules ;

below this smooth area and close to the margin a group of

rather coarse granules is present; on the anterior margin (on

either side of the ocular tubercle) three conical processes

occur; just behind the ocular tubercle there is a pair of

slightly enlarged granules, and in the middle of the last

segment (posterior margin) of the scutum a rather large

granule is present (a similar granule being present in the

middle of the first two of the free abdominal segments).

Ocular tubercle with the characteristic processes only

moderately developed (fig. 1).

Sitalces akiyame, sp.n. Lateral view of ocular tubercle and first lez.

Chelicera with the two proximal segments about equal in

length. First (proximal) segment armed with a longitudinal

series of processes on each side below; on the outer side

these processes are five in number (not counting two small

Japan and the Loo-Choo Islands. 629

ones at the base), and they are rather long and blunt, the

middle ones being truncate at the end, the others bluntly

pointed ; processes of the inner side four in number, they are

much shorter than those on the outer side, and all of them

are bluntly pointed. Second segment of the chelicera with

four fairly long processes (or teeth) arranged in a longitudinal

row near the inner side of its dorsal surface, and in the middle

of it there is a row of 6-8 granules running parallel with the

inner row of processes. Fingers armed with minute teeth

only.

Palp armed with long spines. Its femur has an apical

spine on the inner side above, a row of three spines near

the proximal end below, and another much smaller spine

close to the distal end. Patella with two spines on the inner

and one on the outer side. ‘Tibia with three spines on each

side, but those of the proximal pair are smaller than the

others (on one palp the inner spine of the proximal pair is

missing, but doubtless this is an individual abnormality).

Tarsus with two spines on each side,

Legs comparatively short. Trochanter cf jfirsé leg with a

conical tubercle above and two below. Dorsal and ventral

spines of femur numerous, stout, and placed close together ;

in the upper row there are 12-13 of them and in the lower

11. Patella fairly long; dorsally it has a number of

tubercles and also of fairly long processes towards the inner

side; two or three tubercles are present on its lower surface.

Tibia longer than patella ; it has an inner row of nine pro-

cesses and an outer row of conical granules, much smaller in

size than the processes of the inner side. Metatarsus with

only minute granules (in the series on each side), but each

granule carries a stiff pointed hair or seta, much resembling

that which is carried by the processes of the proximal seg-

ments of the limb, only weaker. ‘Tibia of second leg slightly

longer than its metatarsus and than the tibia of the fourth.

Number of tarsal segments 3, 4,5, 5. [My figures of the

first leg of this species and of S. indicus show only two

tarsal joints, but there are really three. In the figure of

S. akiyame the short hairs on the sides of the segments of

the first leg are drawn too large. They must not be mistaken

for spines. |

Length of body 4 mm.

Colour.—Dorsal surface deep, almost blackish brown ; the

scutum with some paler brown markings; ventral surface

paler than the dorsal surface. Chelicera and palp somewhat

darkened; legs deep brown except for the tarsi, which are

pale.

630 Mr. 8. Hirst on new Opiliones from

Material—A single male example, collected by Mr. 8.

Akiyama at Idzu, Japan (June 1910).

Remarks.—Apparently rather closely allied to the East-

African species described (under the generic name Palpipes)

by Dr. W. Sérensen, but it can be readily distinguished

from them by the number of the tarsal segments of the

anterior legs and by the armature of the scutum &e.

In the three species that I have been able to examine (the

two new species described in this paper and S. gardineri,

Hirst) the segments of the posterior tarsi are five in number ;

Dr. Sérensen states in his description of the three East-

African species that the tarsi of the posterior legs are divided

into four segments, but perhaps he has overlooked one of the

segments.

Sitalces indicus, sp. n.

Body about as long as the tibia of the fourth leg and very

much shorter than the tibia of the second,

Scutum bearing a number of processes and enlarged

granules, which are arranged in transverse rows, a row being

situated a little in front of the posterior margin of the

cephalothoracic area and also one on each of the abdominal

segments {the limits of which are difficult to make out).

The central processes, which are paired, are mostly of

large size; those of the central pair of the fourth abdominal

segment are the longest of all; next in size come those

of the middle pair of the cephalothoracic row, but they

are much shorter than those of the fourth abdominal; shorter

still are those of the first, second, and third abdominal seg-

ments ; in the third segment the process which is situated on

the outer side of those of the middle pair is equal to them in

size or even longer. A number of tooth-like projections are

placed along the anterior margin of the scutum (on each side

of the ocular tubercle) and one is present on the arch-like

structure which joins the ocular tubercle. The coarse

granules which bear hairs are not very numerous in this

species, a large proportion of them being situated in the

transverse rows ; in the middle of the scutum between the

larger processes they are entirely absent, but a few scattered

microscopic granules are present there and on other parts of

the scutum. Ocular tubercle high, conical, and very much

more erect than that of S. akiyame, sp. n.; the three prin-

cipal processes are very well-developed, the two anterior ones

being very long, especially the anteriormost ; besides these

three processes a number of granules are present, not only on

Japan and the Loo-Choo Islands. 631

the posterior surface and sides, but also in front; several of

those on the sides are somewhat enlarged and tooth-like,

perhaps the most conspicuous being the one which is

placed above the eye. (Fig. 2.)

Sitalces indicus, sp. n. Lateral view of ocular tubercle and first leg.

Chelicera.—A minute denticle is present dorsally on the

inner side of the proximal segment at a little distance from

its apex, and a few very minute granules also occur at the

sides below.

Second segment slightly longer and much stouter than the

proximal one. Two processes (or teeth) are present on the

inner side of its dorsal surface near the proximal end, the

more distal of the two being much the larger; another

denticle is situated at a little distance to the outer side of

these two processes; several granules bearing fine hairs occur

near the base of the immovable finger; a fine line, composed

of microscopic granules, runs from the larger process of the

dorsal surface to the base of the immovable finger; near the

base on the inner side below a curiously shaped projection is

present, and in the middle of the (ventral) surface a pair of

dentiform processes (or teeth) are present, one on each side of

the segment.

Proximal tooth of the row (of four) on the edge of the

immovable finger larger than the others ; besides these teeth

on the edge a denticle is present on the inner side. A ver

large tooth is present on the edge of the movable finger

at an equal distance between its proximal end and the three

632 Mr. 8. Hirst on new Opiliones from

teeth at the distal end; of the latter the proximal one is

slightly the largest.

Palp armed with long spines. Trochanter with a granule

on the dorsal surface and with a conical granule at each end

and a process in the middle below. Femur with the usual

apical spine on the inner side of the dorsal surface and also

with a short rounded tubercle near the proximal end;

ventrally it has a row of three spines near the proximal end

and another spine near the apical end, the latter is not short

(as it is in S. yaponicus), but almost as well developed as the

ones near the proximal end. Patella with two inner and one

outer spine. ‘Tibia with three and tarsus with two spines on

each side.

Legs much longer than those of S. japonicus.

Trochanter of jirst leg armed below with a spine and a

conical tubercle. Its femur has fewer spines than that of

S. japonicus &c., and they are longer, more slender, and

separated from one another by greater intervals than is the

case in that species ; both on the dorsal and ventral surface

these spines are five in number. Patella, tibia, and tarsus

without either distinct granules or processes, only short hairs

being present on these segments; patella short, but the tibia

long and slender, its length being considerably more than

twice that of the patella (fig. 2).

Tibia of second leg only very slightly shorter than its meta-

tarsus and much longer than the tibia of the fourth.

Number of tarsal segments 3, 7, 5, 5.

Measurements in mm.—Total length 3:25; length of first

leg about 7°4, of second ?, of third 11, of fourth 15.

[ Colour.—The unique specimen has been preserved in

alcohol for a good many years and seems rather bleached ;

I think it would be useless therefore to attempt to describe

the coloration.]

Material. — A single specimen captured at Ponmudi

(2500 feet), Travancore, by Mr. H. Ferguson during the

year 1899.

Remarks.—Easily recognizable by the structure of its first

leg &e.

PSEUDOBIANTES, gen. nov.

Allied to Epedanus, Thorell, which it resembles in the

shape of the ocular tubercle &e., but differing from that

genus in having the patella of the palp unarmed. ‘Tibia and

tarsus of palp usually much stouter than the other segments,

Japan and the Loo- Choo Islands. 633

and the tarsus strongly bent downwards, so that its spines

work against the tibia.

The ‘structure of the palp in this new genus is very similar

to that of the Opiliones of the family Hinzuanidee (= Bi-

antide). In P. japonicus, sp. n., the femur of the palp is

quite unarmed except for a conical granule placed near the

base below, and thus resembles completely that of the ae

anide. In P. geniculatus, Poc., and P. insulanus, sp.

there may be only a row of granules on the ventral sur face

of the palp or a row of quite well-developed processes may

be present ; these processes do not bear spines, but only fine

hairs.

‘Type species, P. japonicus, sp. n.

Pseudobiantes japonicus, sp. n.

Scutum.—A pair of sharply pointed processes, which are

well marked although not very long, are present in the

middle of the second of the four divisions into which the

abdominal part of the scutum is divided; and a pair of

minute obsolete granules, placed further apart from one

another than the processes of the second division, oceur on

the third. Obsolete granules may also be present on the last

segment of the seutum and on the lateral margins; except

for the pair of processes and the inconspicuous granules

mentioned, the surface is quite smooth. Ventral surface:

coxa of first leo furnished with a number of granules.

Chelicera.—Second segment with a number of granules on

its dorsal surface, the one which is placed nearest to the apex

being the largest.

3d. Chelicera of the male a little more swollen than that

of the female, especially its second segment. A small tooth

is situated at the proximal end of the immovable finger, and

it is followed by a large tooth, and then comes a row of four

teeth, the proximal one of them being fairly large, the others

minute. A fair-sized tooth is present near the ‘proximal end

of the movable finger, and it is separated from the row of

teeth at the distal end by a slight gap ; the latter are four in

number, two being large and two small.

2. In the female sex the edge of the immovable finger of

the chelicera is armed with minute teeth only. Movable

finger with a row of three teeth near the distal end, the

proximal one being the largest.

Palp.—A_ sharp conical “vranule, which bears a hair, is

present on the dorsal surface of the trochanter and another

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 42

634 Mr. 8. Hirst on new Opiliones from

similar granule on its ventral surface. Femur only with a

conical setiferous granule, which is situated near the proximal

end below. Patella quite smooth and without either granules

or processes. ‘Tibia and tarsus strongly armed. ‘Tibia with

three spines on its inner side, the first and second being

long, but the apical one shorter ; on the outer side it has four

spines, the second one from the proximal end being the longest

and the first one next in size ; several much smaller spines are

placed in the middle of the ventral surface. Tarsus with four

spines on each side, but those of the apical pair are very

small, especially the one on the outer side, which is practi-

cally obsolete. (Fig. 3.)

Pseudobiantes japonicus, sp.n. External view of palp.

Legs.—Number of tarsal segments 8, 17-19, 7, 8.

Measurements in mm.—Total length 3°5; length of palp

(from base of femur) about 6, of first leg 9°5, of second 14°74,

of third 11, of fourth 14°75.

Colowr.—Ground-colour whitish. Cephalothoracic area of

scutum marked with a broad median fuscous band and also

with a dark marginal line on each side; abdominal segments

of the scutum (with the exception of the last one) dark at the

sides but pale in the middle ; the two anterior free segments

are also darkened at the sides, but the last has only a dark

spot in the middle. Anal operculum wholly dark ; the rest

of the ventral surface whitish. Proximal segment of cheli-

eera and the base of the second segment slightly darkened

dorsally. Femur and patella of palp slightly darkened at

each end ; the tibia and tarsus rather deeply infuscate (dark

grey) and contrasting rather strongly with the other segments

of the appendage. The principal markings of the legs are as

follows :—Femora somewhat darkened at the distal end;

patelle usually entirely greyish above ; tibis at least with a

Japan and the Loo-Choo Islands. 635

distinct dark ring near the apex, but often more extensively

darkened ; the apex of the metatarsi and the tarsal segments

are usually slightly darkened also,

Material—aA male and female, collected by Mr. 8. Aki-

yama at Idzu, Japan.

Pseudobiantes insulanus, sp. v.

do. Scutum unarmed; a few indistinct and obsolete

granules only are present on the posterior segments of the

scutum and a number of obsolete granules along the lateral

margins. Ventral surface: coxe of first leg with a number

of granules as in P. japonicus, sp. n.

Chelicere.—Second segment considerably swollen; near

the inner side of its dorsal surface it is furnished with three

granules arranged in a longitudinal series, two of them being

minute, but the apical one large and conical. A row of four

teeth is present on the edge of the immovable finger ; the

first two teeth (counting from the proximal end) are rather

large, the two remaining ones minute. Close to its proximal

end the edge of the movable finger is armed with a fairly

large tooth, which is separated by a considerable gap from

the four teeth of the distal half; the latter resemble those of

the immovable finger, the first two of them being fairly large

and the other two small.

Palp.—TYrochanter armed above with a conical process

and with two others below. A row of granules is present on

the upper surface of the femur and a row of six well-marked

processes on its ventral surface; a dentiform granule is

situated on the inner side below. Tibia and tarsus strongly

armed; the number and relative size of the spines being

exactly the same as in P. japonicus.

Legs.—Number of tarsal segments 9, 20, 7, 8.

Measurements in mm.—Total length 3°75; length of first

leg (from base of femur) 11°75, of second 19, of third 15, of

fourth 19°75.

[ Colour.—Owing to the length of time that this specimen

has been preserved in spirit the markings have practically

disappeared, and so I have not described the coloration.]

@. In the same tube as the male example described above

there is another specimen which [| identify with doubt as the

female of the same species. It is much darker in colour than

the male specimen, and differs also in the following details of

structure :—

Chelicera.—Second segment not swollen, and none of the

four granules of the row on its dorsal surface are of large

42*

636 On new Opiliones from Japan ke.

size. [First (proximal) tooth of the row of five teeth which

is present on the edge of the immovable finger a little larger

than the others, which are very minute. Movable finger

without any distinct tooth at its proximal end, only a slight

low lobation being present there ; distally it is armed with a

row of four teeth, the first one of them aione being of large

size.

Palp.—A conical granule is present on the dorsal surface

of the trochanter and two minute granules below. Femur

with only one or two microscopic granules on its dorsal

surface ; near the proximal end of its ventral surface there is

a short process, and a longitudinal series of minute granules

is also present below.

Legs.—N umber of tarsal sezments 5, 19, ?, 9.

Measurements in mm.—Yotal length 4°5; length of first

leg 10°25, of second 17°25, of third ?, of fourth 17:5.

Note.—The differences in the structure of the chelicera are

certainly due to sex, and the presence of a row of minute

granules instead of processes on the ventral surface of the

femur of the palp of this specimen is probably only an

individual variation, for in P. gentculatus, Poc., this segment

of the palp may be armed below with distinct processes or

only with granules. Nor do I attribute any importance to

the difference in colour betweeu these two specimens, for they

have been preserved a long time in alcohol, and the male is

much bleached.

Material—A male example (the type) collected by Mr.

Holst. in the forest near Motobu, Great Loo-Choo Island,

and a female example (from the same locality) which is

perhaps referable to the same species.

Key to the Species of the Genus Pseudobiantes.

a. Second abdominal division of scutum armed with

a pair of small but distinct thorns; femur of

palp without any row of processes below .... P. japonicus, sp, n.

6. Scutum unarmed; femur of palp with a row of

granules or processes below.

a’. Four distinct spines on outer side of tibia of

palp (they must not be confused with the

small spines in the middle of the lower sur-

face) ; narrowed proximal portion of patella

of palp lone, <<\s tank oek eb ERASE P. insulanus, sp. n.

b'. Only three distinct spines on outer side of

tibia of palp, the distal one being either

very minute or absent ; narrowed portion of

PALCUABHOFE: Aho x ccs un cae Retina P. genwulatus, Poe.

On new African Fishes. 637

LXIX.—Descriptions of Four new African Fishes of the

Genus Mastacembelus. By G. A. BouLencer, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Mastacembelus batesit.

Depth of body 15 to 16 times in total length, length of

head 8 to 9 times. Vent equally distant from end of snout

and from caudal, its distance from head 3 to 34 times length

of latter. Snout 3 to 4 times as long as eye, ending in an

appendage which isa little longer than eye; mouth extending

to below anterior third or centre of eye; no preorbital or

preopercular spines. Dorsal XX X-—X XXIII 80-90; spines

extremely short, last scarcely longer than eye; distance be-

tween first spine and head 3 to # length of head. Anal IT

80-90. Caudal rounded-subacuminate. Scales very small,

16-18 between origin of soft dorsal and lateral line; latter

formed of a few tubules widely separated from one another.

Brown or olive above, with dark spots or marblings and a

vertebral series of small black spots; a regular series of

round or squarish dark brown spots on each side of the back,

sometimes confluent into a wavy band; yellowish on the

sides, with a more or less distinct brown network ; dorsal

and anal fins spotted with brown.

Total length 320 mm.

Several specimens, from the Ja River at Bitye, South

Cameroon (Congo Basin), were sent to the Natural History

Museum by Mr. G. L. Bates.

Mastacembelus ubangensis.

Depth of body 15 to 16 times in total length, length of

head 7 times. Vent equally distant from head and from

caudal, its distance from head 3 times length of latter.

Snout twice as long as eye, ending in an appendage which is

hardly as long as eye; mouth extending to below anterior

border of eye ; a strong erectile spine below nostril; two

strong preopercular spines, Dorsal XXIX-XXX ‘110 ;

distance between first spine and head ? Jength of latter.

Anal IL 110. Caudal pointed. Pectoral 4 length of head.

Scales very small, about 15 between origin fe aoe dorsal and

lateral line. Brownish, with an ill-defined darker band along

the side of the head and body; vertical fins whitish, with a

series of large black spots at the base of the posterior part of

the dorsal; a black spot on the caudal.

638 On new Afriean Fishes,

Total length 100 mm.

Two specimens (probably young) from Banzyville,

Ubanghi, from the collection of Captain Royaux. One is

preserved in the Congo Museum, Tervueren, the other in the

Natural History Museum. I had previously referred them

to I, marmoratus, Perugia.

Mastacembelus brevicauda.

Depth of body 13 to 14 times in total length, length of

head 7 to 84 times. Vent equally distant from head or pree=

operculum and from caudal, its distance from head 3 to 3%

times length of latter. Snout 3 times as long as eye, ending

in an appendage which is as long as eye; mouth extending

to below anterior third or centre of eye ; no preorbital spine ;

2 or 3 small preopercular spines. Dorsal XXIX—XXXIL

70-80 ; spines very short, last scarcely longer than the eye ;

distance between first spine and head 3 to 2 length of head.

Anal II 70-80; first spine minute, often very indistinct.

Caudal obtusely pointed. Pectoral} length of head. Scales

very small, 15-17 between origin of soft dorsal and lateral

line ; latter formed of a few tubules widely separated from

one another. Olive-brown above, usually with a more or

less distinct dark brown band on each side of the back

above the lateral line, and a vertebral series of small dark

brown spots corresponding with the spines; sides mottled

with dark brown; caudal region marbled with dark brown,

with light spots towards the caudal fin, which bears one or

several large black spots and is edged with whitish ;

yellowish beneath, sometimes with a brown network.

Total length 200 mm.

Numerous specimens from South Cameroon (Kribi River,

Zima Country, Ja and Bumba Rivers), received from Mr. G.

L, Bates.

Mastacembelus reticulatus,

Depth of body 11 to 12 times in total length, length of

head 7 to 74 times. Vent equally distant from head and

from caudal, its distance from former 3 times length of latter.

Snout 3 times as long as eye, ending in an appendage which

is 14 times as long as the eye; mouth extending to below

nostril; no preorbital spine 5; two streng preopercular spines.

Dorsal XXXI-XXXI1 90; spines extremely short, last not

longer than eye; distance between first spine and head

4 length of head. Anal Il 90-95; first spine extremely

short, very indistinct. Caudal rounded. Pectoral } length

ike

On new Oriental Homoptera. 639

of head. Scales very small, 20 between origin of soft dorsal

and lateral line; latter formed of a few tubules widely

separated from-one another. Brownish, with dark lines

forming a wide-meshed network ; dorsal, anal, and caudal

fins blackish, with round white spots more or less regularly

arranged, and a white border.

Total length 190 mm.

Two specimens from Sierra Leone, presented to the

Natural History Museum by the Liverpool School of Tropical

Medicine.

LXX,—Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Oriental

Homoptera. By W. L. Distant.

Fam. Fulgoride.

Subfam. Derervz.

Phenice pullata, sp. n.

Head and thorax above piceous, pronotum black ; body

eneath - asternum and legs stramineous; coxz

beneath black; metasternt d legs st :

piceous ; abdomen above black, spotted with ochraceous ;

tegmina dark fuscous, the costal area white, with large dark

scou a nd from base largest and longitudina

fuscous spots, the second from base largest and longitudinal,

1 ansverse, the inner area broadly and irregular

the others transverse, tl broad] d gular!

ul u nding through it to inner margin near

white, the fuscous extending through it t e 2g

iddle, two white spots on apical margin, the

base and before middle, two white spot l gin, tl

lowermost large, the upper one small, the apices of the veins

On inner margin are fuscous; wings fuliginous, with the

veins fuscous, the posterior marginal area suffused with

white; antenne ochraceous.

Long., excl. tegm., 3 mm.; exp. tegm. 19 mm.

Hab. N.W. Ind. Prov. ; Kumaon District.

Allied to P. masta, Westw., but larger, markings of

? 5] Oi fo)

tegmina different, &c.

Phenice ferruginea, sp. n.

Vertex of headand pronotum sordidly greyish ; mesonotum

fuscous brown, with the lateral and basal margins (the latter

broadly), a central straight longitudinal carination, and a

broader waved longitudinal fascia on each lateral area sordidly

greyish or very pale virescent; abdomen above fuscous

646 Mr. W. L. Distant ou

brown, the segmental margins black, with greyish spots ;

head beneath, sternum, and legs ochraceous; abdomen be-

neath transversely fuscous and ochraceous; tegmina fuli-

ginous, with the veins ferruginous, costal membrane with a

distinct series of sordidly greyish spots, some more indistinct

spots of the same colour on basal area, and three or four short

greyish-white lines at apex, beyond the apex of costal mem-

brane three or four short, transverse, ferruginous, waved,

linear spots, and the whole area of the tegmen more or less

obscurely mottled with greyish ; wings fuliginous, the veins

ferruginous ; vertex rather broader than in most species of

the genus and distinctly longitudinally grooved ; second

joint of antennee not reaching apex of head; face rounded,

narrow, not angularly, laminately projecting ; clypeusa little

longer than face ; abdomen above strongly, centrally, longi-

tudinally ridged; scutellum centrally longitudinally com-

pressed.

Long., excl. tegm., 4-5 mm.; exp. tegm. 20-23 mm.

Hab. Travancore; Maddathoray and near Trivandrum

(Annandale).

Allied to P. superba, Dist.

Zoraida variipennis, sp. 0.

black, abdomen somewhat largely spotted with ochraceous ;

second joint of antennze ochraceous, with its apex black ;

body beneath and legs pale bright ochraceous; tegmina

hyaline, the veins more or less ferruginous, costal membrane

at extreme base and beyond middle to apex purplish red,

with minute black spots, basal area, an irregular transverse

central fascia, and a transverse fascia near apex dark fuli-

ginous ; wings hyaline, with the veins pale sanguineous ;

second joint of antenne only a little shorter than head and

thorax together; vertex narrow, somewhat triangular ;

mesonotum obsoletely tricarinate; abdomen centrally longi-

tudinally ridged.

Long., excl. tegm., 3} mm.; exp. tegm. 22 mm,

Hab. Ceylon ; Madulsima (Fletcher).

Body above shining fuscous brown; pronotum pitchy

Zoraida spectra, sp. n.

Body pale ochraceous; legs stramineous; eyes black ;

tegmina antl wings hyaline, the venation a little darker ;

second joint of antenne pale ochraceous, about as long as

head and thorax together; vertex very narrow ; face very

new Oriental Homoptera. 641

narrow, prominently longitudinally ridged ; clypeus slightly

longer than face; mesonotum obscurely tricarinate ; poste-

rior tibiw distinctly spined beyond middle; tegmina about

three times longer than greatest breadth, the apical margin

hon)

subtruncate, the inner margin slightly dilated beyond clavus ;

wings short, extending a little beyond the clavus of tegmen.

Long., excl. tegm., 5 mm.; exp. tegm. 18 mm.

flab. N.W. India (Brit. Mus.).

Allied to Z. gilva, Vist., from Ceylon, but a smaller species,

the tegmina less broadened, the venation darker, the apical

veins also quite different, being much more strongly oblique

in gi/va than in spectra.

ROBIGUS, gen. nov.

Head narrow, vertex strongly projecting in front of eyes,

a little broadened anteriorly, the lateral margins distinctly

acutely raised, the apical angles slightly prominent; face

long and narrow, the lateral margins distinctly raised, longer

than clypeus, which is centrally ridged; pronotum narrow,

the lateral margins ampliated and distinctly forwardly pro-

duced on each side of eyes ; mesonotum tricarinate ; abdomen

with the segmental incisures profound, above with the apical

area narrowed and angulated; legs of moderate length,

posterior tibiz not spined; tegmina more than three times

as long as broad, with distinct series of apical and subapical

cells, two longitudinal cells at end of radial area, and above

these the contour of the costal margin is distinctly broken by

an irregular, raised, longitudinal, cellular interspace ; the

tegminal apices are slightly narrowed and rounded ; wings

shorter and a little broader than tegmina, the venation com-

plicated by the vein at end of radial area being concavely

sinuated and bifurcating at about half its length, forming a

marginal cell, before apex a transverse vein defining three

apical cells.

A genus to be placed near Interamma, Walk.

Robigus sanguineus, sp. n.

Body and legs sanguineous, mottled with ochraceous, the

tibiz and tarsi ochraceous, the apical area of the abdomen

above (excluding apex) pitchy black; tegmina ochraceous,

much suffused with sanguineous, the latter coloration more

prominent on the costal and apical areas and in some macular

markings on disk, on apical margin two or three rather

obscure greyish spots ; wings sanguineous, with their extreme

bases ochraceous.

642 Mr. W. L. Distant on

Long., excl. tegm., 3 mm.; exp. tegm. 1445 mm.

Hab. Ceylon; Kandy (Green).

Mr. E. E. Green sent me a single example of this beautiful

and distinct genus and species.

DAWNARIA, gen. nov.

Head short, the vertex narrow, continued moderately in

front of eyes, its apical angles slightly prominent; face long

and narrow, about equal in length to clypeus ; antennz with

the second joint prominent, scarcely shorter than head ;

pronotum narrow, slightly widened towards the lateral

angles; mesonotum tricarinate, but the central carination

very indistinct; abdomen short and broad, above centrally

ridged, little angulated on each side before apex; legs of

moderate length, posterior tibize not spined; tegmina more

than three times as long as broad, narrow, but gradually

widening from base to apex, which is obtusely angularly

rounded, the veins mostly longitudinal, but furcating on apical

area, form a cluster of apical cells, and a longer cell on apical

margin 3; wings very long, about as broad but only a little

shorter than tegmina, two transverse veins on upper disk

beyond middle, and a single apical cell.

Dawnaria atroterminata, sp. n.

Body above ochraceous ; a central line on disk and apical

margins of abdomen above black; body beneath and legs

very pale ochraceous; tegmina tawny brown, with three

broken transverse greyish-white fasciz—the first near base,

broken in the middle, second near middle, dislocated near

costal margin, the third near apex, short and discal,—costal

area greyish white, with longitudinal dark tawny spots, a

dark somewhat rounded spot near apex; wings hyaline,

reflecting opaline lustre.

Long., excl. tegm., 2 mm.; exp. tegm. 11 mm.

Hab. Lower Burma; Dawna Hills.

SUMANGALA, gen. nov.

Head rather long, narrow, vertex distinctly projecting

beyond the eyes, face compressed, rounded from vertex, long

and narrow, longer than the clypeus; pronotum very short,

the lateral areas dilated and subangularly produced trans-

versely and a little forwardly ; mesonotum broad, broader

than long, the lateral margins rounded; anal appendages

bilobate; tegmina about twice as long as greatest width,

new Oriental Flomoptera. 643

much narrower at base than at apex, costal margin rounded,

costal membrane broad, with three transverse veins, some-

times placed near apex or sometimes one near middle, the

other two near apex, about eight apical areas, the ulnar area

immediately below radial area very long, radial area narrow ;

wings a little narrower and shorter than tegmina, radial area

apically broadened, three apical areas, apex of radial area well

defined by obliquely transverse veins.

By the venation of the tegmina this genus is allied to

Kermesia, Melich., by the structure of the face it is more

allied to Rhotana, Walk.

Sumangala delicatula, sp. n.

Body and legs pale ochraceous ; the compressed margin of

face and the sublateral margins to pronotum more or less

sanguineous ; tegmina creamy white, subhyaline, the veins

mostly very pale fuscous, on the apical area some of the veins

are infuscated, the most prominent of these fuscous markings

being at the apex of clavus and continued along the apices

of the two cells above it, and a curved line reaching costal

margin a little before apex, some of the longitudinal veins

defining the lower apical areas bear a small pale fuscous

spot; wings creamy white, subhyaline, the veins almost

concolorous.

Long., excl. tegm., 2 mm. ; exp. tegm. 9 mm,

Hab. Ceylon ; Nuwara Eliya, Pattipola (Green).

ALARA, gen. nov.

Vertex of head very narrow, slightly projecting beyond

eyes; face Jong, narrow, a little widened before clypeus,

which is long, broad, centrally and laterally finely carinate ;

antenne short, inserted near base of clypeus, second joint

very robust; pronotum narrow, triangularly anteriorly pro-

duced, the lateral areas moderately foliaceously ampliate ;

mesonotum broad; legs long and slender ; tegmina short,

broad, costal margin rounded, narrowed and sinuate at base,

costal area broad, with a few transverse veins, apical areas

numerous and short, a subapical series of transverse discon-

tinuous veins, two transverse discal veins a little beyond

base; wings a little narrower and shorter than tegmina.

A genus to be placed near Kermesia, Melich.

Alara dux, sp. n.

Body and legs ochraceous; anterior femora and apical area

644 Mr. W. L. Distant on

of abdomen castaneous ; tegmina subhyaline, talc-like, suf-

fused with pale fuscous, which is broken on costal and apical

areas and also near end of clavus, extreme costal margin in

places carmine-red ; wings creamy white.

Long., excl. tegm., 2 mm.; exp. tegm. 9 mm.

Hab. Ceylon; Maskeliya, Kandy (Green).

PERANDENINA, gen. nov.

Head (including eyes) considerably narrower than pro-

notum, vertex projecting beyond the eyes, somewhat flat,

its apex truncate, its base concavely emarginate, face narrow,

the lateral margins very strongly ridged, from behind eyes

gradually narrowed to clypeus, which is moderately convex

and centrally longitudinally ridged; pronotum narrow,

widened at its lateral areas, the posterior margins of which

are more or less obliquely truncate, the base strongly con-

cavely emarginate; mesonotum large, four times as long as

pronotum, rather obsoletely tricarinate on vertex; legs of

moderate length, posterior tibia not spined, basal joint of

posterior tarsi elongate ; tegmina elongate, about four times

as long as broad, the margins parallel, costal margin distinctly

sinuate near base, apical margin truncately rounded, veins

longitudinal, costal membrane not transversely veined, about

seven short apical areas, the uppermost immediately preceded

by two short and broad cells, two distinct elongate basal cells,

followed by four elongate subapical cells; wings ample,

considerably broader and only moderately shorter than

tegmina ; rostrum short, robust, the apical joint minute.

Allied to Kamendaka, Dist.

Peradenina typiea, sp. n.

Vertex of head, mesonotum, body beneath, and legs bright

ochraceous; pronotum and sometimes vertex of head dis-

tinctly paler; eyes black; tegmina and wings cretaceous

white, moderately tomentose, the upper and apical areas of

the latter with opaline lustre ; other characters as in generic

diagnosis.

Long., excl. tegm., 3 mm, ; exp. tegm. 12 mm.

Hab. Ceylon; Peradeniya (Green). Kumaon; Bhim

Tal, 4500 feet (Annanda/e).

CHAPRINA, gen. nov.

Head (including eyes) very much narrower than pro-

notum, vertex prolonged in front of eyes, its lateral margins

new Oriental Homoptera. 645

ridged, its apex angulated ; face long and narrow, the lateral

margins very strongly ridged, slightly widened before

clypeus, which is shorter than the face and with its margins

strongly ridged; pronotum very short, especially behind

head, the lateral areas angularly dilated ; mesonotum finely

tricarinate ; legs of moderate length, posterior tibiae not

spined ; tegmina about three times as long as broad, a little

widened apically, the costal and inner margins nearly

parallel, the apical margin a little rounded and sinuate, a

series of short irregular apical cells continued round the apex

of costal area, on lower portion of which near apex is a short

narrow longitudinal cell; wings broader and a little shorter

than the tegmina, the radial area long.

A genus to be placed near Tapoosa, Dist.

Chaprina nigromaculata, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum ocliraceous, more or less

greyishly tomentose; abdomen above fuscous, a greyish-

white transverse fascia near base, the apical area ocliraceous,

with transverse black spots; head beneath, sternum, and

legs more or less ochraceous ; abdomen beneath castaneous

brown, its apex ochraceous; tegmina creamy white, with

waved irregular ochraceous markings, these principally con-

sist of some obliquely transverse lines in costal area, a sub-

triangular fascia near base continued from about end of clavus

to the submarginal area, where it more or less encloses some

pale spots, at the apex three distinct black spots ; wings pale

creamy white, the veins pale fuscous.

Long., excl. tegm., 34 mm. ; exp. tegm. 12 mm.

Hab. Bengal; Chapra (Mackenzie). Pusa (found on

grass).

Chaprina vittata, sp. n.

Body and legs stramineous; vertex and pronotum greyish

white; tegmina creamy white, with irregular ochraceous

markings, these are irregular, maculate, and consist of an

elongate spot occupying nearly basal half of clavus, another

at and rising above claval apex, two in radial area (one at

base, the other at apex), one at end of cell beyond radial area,

two, almost united, beneath the base of this cell, and some

marginal irregular spots of the same colour, a few small dark

spots on disk, and at the apex two short ‘dark longitudinal

vitte, with a small dark spot above and below them ; wings

pale creamy white.

646 Mr. W. L. Distant on

Long., excl. tegm., 8 mm. ; exp. tegm. 10-11 mm.

Hab. Bengal; Chapra (Mackenzie). Ceylon; Hakgala

(Green).

TAPOOSA, gen. nov.

Vertex of head projecting beyond the eyes, with a short

acute spine on each side at apex, recurved, narrow, the lateral

margins ridged, angularly widened between the eyes ; face

long, narrow, behind the eyes widened outwardly and then

inwardly to clypeus, which is very short; antennz inserted

beneath the eyes, second joint moderately short and thick ;

pronotum short, angularly directed anteriorly, lateral margins

not foliaceous ; mesonotum broad, tricarinate; legs long and

slender ; tegmina somewhat narrow, their apices subangu-

larly rounded, apical areas numerous, short, ill-defined, and

continued round apices of costal and inner margins, an irre-

‘ular series of transverse and discontinuous veins beyond

middle, costal area broad ; wings a little shorter and broader

than teomina.

Allied to Kamer idaka, Dist. The Australian genus Makula,

Dist., also belongs to this group of genera.

Tapoosa maskeliye, sp. n.

Body and legs very pale tawny; mesonotum with the

carinations fuscous ; two fuscous lines on each side of the

laterally compressed head, radiating from eyes to margin;

clypeus, disk of sternum, and femora black ; tegmina sub-

hyaline, tale-like, apical veins more or less sanguineous,

apical areas with fuscous streaks, the whole remaining disk

suffused with pale fuscous, excluding some pale spots on

costal area, basal area, and clavus; wings pale hyaline, with

an opaline lustre, the veins on costal area fuscous.

Long., excl. tegm., 3 mm.; exp. tegm. 13 mm.

Hab, Ceylon ; Maskeliya ( (Green).

Tapoosa maculosa, sp. 0.

Head very pale ochraceous; pronotum greyish white;

mesonotum pale ochraceous; abdomen above and_ body

beneath and legs pale ochraceous ; tegmina pale creamy white,

the veins and scattered suffusions pale ochraceous, a small

spot near middle of costal membrane, another at base of

radial area, a series on inner margin, and some still smaller

spots on apical margin fuscous or piceous; wings pale

creamy white; a central ridge and the apex to abdomen above

new Oriental Homoptera. 647

distinctly paler ; face a little less dilated than in maskeliye

and elegantula.

Long., excl. tegm., 3 mm.; exp. tegm. 13 mm.

Hab. Ceylon; Maskeliya.

Tapoosa elegantula, sp. n.

Head creamy white, central base foveately ochraceous,

lateral margins of the face greyish white, with transverse

fuscous lines; pro- and mesonota ochraceous, the former

with a sublateral black fascia behind eyes, the latter with

the margins more or less irregularly black ; abdomen above

and body beneath and legs pale ochraceous ; tegmina creamy

white, a black spot near middle of costal membrane, the

remainder of this area to near apex dull ochraceous, with a

minute black spot beyond middle of costal margin, the apex

creamy white with minute black spots, and with a short,

broad, central, sanguineous, fasciate spot containing two

small rounded and two linear black spots ; beneath radial

area are two ochraceous spots margined with fuscous, the

first basal, the second near middle, and beyond the latter on

posterior marginal area a series of waved blackish lines;

wings creamy white ; abdomen strongly constricted before

apex.

Long., excl. tegm., 25 mm.; exp. tegm. 10 mm.

Hab. Ceylon; Peradeniya (Green).

From fronds of palm-trees (7. E. Green).

PuRA, gen. nov.

Vertex of head moderately broad and triangular, distinctly

projecting in front of eyes, the lateral margins strongly

ridged ; face very long and narrow, broadest at base, lateral

margins strongly ridged; clypeus short, broad, obscurely

ridged; antennz inserted beneath eyes, short, robust; pro-

notum short, subtriangularly produced anteriorly, the lateral

areas acutely foliaceous ; mesonotum broad and long; legs

long and slender ; tegmina widening towards apices, which

are subtruncate, costal area broad, with two or three in-

distinct transverse veins beyond middle, apical areas nume-

rous, short, extending from posterior angle of inner margin

to apex of costal margin, only one subapical series of trans-

verse veins ; wings about two-thirds of the length of tegmina,

four discal transverse veins beyond middle.

Phra in the Indian fauna must be placed near Kamendaka.

It is more closely allied to the Australian genus Fenuahala,

Dist.

648 On new Oriental Homoptera.

Phra amplificata, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, body beneath, and legs pale ochraceous ;

eyes black, with golden iridescence; mesonotum with four

castaneous fascize, two central and contiguous and one near

each lateral margin; tegmina subhyaline, talc-like, pale

fuscous streaks on costal and apical areas, many of the discal

veins suffused with fuscous and more prominent suffusions on

radial area and on inner margin; wings hyaline, with an

opalescent lustre, the veins a little darker.

Long., excl. tegm., 3-4 mm. ; exp. tegm. 17-18 mm.

Hab. Ceylon; Maskeliya (Green).

Phra atromaculata, sp. n.

Body above, head beneath, sternum, and legs dull brownish

ochraceous, the abdomen with the posterior segmental margins

greyish white; abdomen beneath dull stramineous, with

lateral marginal fuscous spots and the posterior segmental

margins greyish white ; tegmina dull greyish white, talc-like,

the veins prominent and beyond basal area paler and more

creamy white in colour, with small scattered black spots, two

in posterior half of costal membrane, two in radial area, one

beneath radial area, and another (larger) near claval apex, on

apical half of disk, three or four spots arranged longitudinally ;

wings creamy white.

Long., excl. tegm., 4 mm. ; exp. tegm. 13 mm.

Hab. N.W. India.

ARCHA, gen. nov.

Vertex of head long and narrow, projecting considerably

beyond eyes, moderately widened posteriorly, notched at

apex, the lateral margins strongly ridged ; face long and

narrow, the lateral margins ridged, a little ampliated before

clypeus, which is centrally ridged and much shorter than

face ; antennze inserted just before base of clypeus, long,

second joint very robust; rostrum reaching the posterior

coxe, apical joint of moderate length; legs moderately long

and slender ; pronotum short, angularly sinuate, its lateral

margins foliaceously produced, its posterior margin ridged ;

mesonotum long, somewhat obscurely tricarinate ; tegmina

narrow at base, broadened towards apices, apical areas nume-

rous, short, extending from posterior angle of inner margin

to apex of costal margin, costal area wide, without transverse

veins, costal margin sinuate a little beyond base.

By the strongly developed antenne Archa, in this fauna,

Dr. A. 8. Woodward on Psammosteus taylori. 649

is allied to Vinata and Devadanda, and by the structure of

the antennz more to Vinata; the position of their insertion,

the structure of the face, and the single series of transverse

veins to the apical areas of the tegmina will, however, prevent

any confusion. It is more nearly allied to the Australian

genus Kuranda, Dist.

Archa typica, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum ochraceous; a lateral

fascia on each side of mesonotum black ; central area of face,

eyes, and antenne black ; sternum and legs piceous; abdo-

men beneath with the posterior segmental margins san-

guineous and basally suffused with piceous; tegmina creta-

ceous white, near middle crossed by a broken transverse black

fascia.

Long., incl. tegm., 8 mm.

Hab. Ceylon; Peradeniya (Green).

LXXI.—On the Upper Devonian Osiracoderm, Psammosteus

taylori. By A. Smira Woopwarp, LL.D., F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

[Plate IX.]

In 1892, when studying Devonian fishes in the University

Museum of Dorpat, I observed a large, ovoid, convex dermal

plate exhibiting the characteristic texture and ornament of

Psammosteus paradoxus*. On returning to London I

identified a rough papier-maché copy of this plate which

had been presented to the British Museum by Sir Roderick

Murchison in 1842, but had not previously been determined fF.

Some time afterwards Mr. William Taylor discovered in the

Upper Old Red Sandstone of Newton Quarry, Elgin, a nearly

similar plate, which he presented to the Royal Scottish

Museum; and the close resemblance of this plate to the

Russian specimen was soon recognized by Dr. Traquair when

he examined the British Museum cast for comparison.

* L. Agassiz, Poiss. Foss. V. G. R. (1845) p. 104, pl. B, figs, 5, 6,

pl. xxvii. figs. 2-4.

+ A.S. Woodward, “The Problem of the Primeval Sharks,” Nat.

Science, vol. vi. (1894) p. 38, fig. 1.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist, Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 43

65 Dr. A. S. Woodward on Psammosteus taylori.

Dr. Traquair referred the Elgin fossil to the genus Psammo-

steus, but described it as the type of a new species, P. taylor’,

firstly on account of its shape *, and then on account of its

external ornament t. The subsequent discovery of nearly

complete specimens of Drepanaspis in the Lower Devonian

of Germany suggested that the ovoid plate of Psammosteus

was the median dorsal of a closely allied fish ; and it became

clear that Dr. Traquair was correct in referring this fossil to

the Heterostracous section of the Ostracodermi.

Several more or less nearly perfect examples of the dorsal

plate of P. taylort are now known, and Mr. ‘Taylor has lately

offered to the Britisa Museum a new specimen which shows

the same plate in natural association with other parts of the

dermal armour. ‘Though much fractured this fossil adds

considerably to our knowledge of the genus and species to

which it belongs, and it proves definitely that Psammosteus

and Drepanaspis are distinct genera.

An inner or lower view of the dorsal shield of the new

specimen, with the left border added from the counterpart,

is given in Pl. IX. fig. 1. It has been somewhat obliquely

distorted by crushing, but in general shape it agrees with tlie

type specimen described by Traquair. Sufiicient of the

border is preserved to show that the plate is narrowest at tlie

anterior end, where it is excavated in front by a re-entering

angle. It is widest at about its middle, where there seems

to be a little bulging outwards in a triangular expansion on

each side. Its posterior end, so far as shown, is gently

rounded. Its inner face is remarkably smooth, though

marked in places with the irregular pustules which are so

characteristic of the inner face in plates of Psammosteus. Its

outer face is scarcely seen, but one fragment seems to show

in an abraded state the tessellated ornament described by

Traquair.

On either side of the median dorsal plate a flat triangular

spine occurs just in front of the widest point. ‘These spines

(s.) point backwards and are identical in shape with Russian

* R.H. Traquair, “On Psammosteus taylort, a new Fossil Fish from

the Upper Old Red Sandstone of Morayshire,” Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist.

vol. iii. (1894) p. 225, with fig.; also “The Extinct Vertebrata of the

Moray Firth Area,” in Brown and Buckley’s Vert. Fauna Moray Basin,

(1896) p. 260, pl. vi. figs. 1-3.

} R. H. Traquair, “ Additional Notes on the Fossil Fishes of the Upper

Old Red Sandstone of the Moray Firth Area,” Proc. Roy. Phys. Soe.

Edinb. vol. xiii. (1897) p. 878, pl. xi. fig. 5. ‘

t R. H. Traquair, “ Report on Fossil Fishes.... from the Silurian

Rocks of the South of Scotland,” Trans, Roy, Soc. Edinb, vol. xxxix.

(1899) p. 848.

Dr. A. S. Woodward on Psammosteus taylori. 651

specimens which have already been referred to Psammosteus

on account of their external ornament *. ‘They are flattened

probably in a horizontal plane, and, so far as preserved, they

are solid, though with comparatively open tissue in their

middle layer. At the broad base their tissue has a longitu-

dinally fibrous aspect, while the blunt posterior apex (fig. 3),

which tends to be falcate in shape, is ornamented on both

flat faces by crowded large stellate tubercles, which are

smooth at the summit. The outer border of the apical extre-

mity is smooth, and appearances suggest that this condition

is due to wear during life.

The mode of insertion and attachment of the paired lateral

spines is uncertain, but their bases are partly obscured by

an obviously flexible mosaic of irregular polygonal tessere,

which are very thin in comparison with the median dorsal

plate. All these tesser# consist of stellate tubercles fused

together, without any added basal layer, and some of those

underlying the base of the spine on the right side of the

fossil (fig. 5) exhibit the relatively large tubercle near the

centre, which has already been mentioned by Traquair as

characteristic of the ornament of the dorsal plate of P. taylorz.

Owing to imperfections in the fossil, the extent of this

covering of polygonal tesserz on the sides of the fish between

the dorsal and ventral plates eannot be determined; but on

the left side the region bordering the anterior half of the

dorsal plate is invested with large stellate tubercles, with

smooth (perhaps abraded) apices, which appear to have been

all separate, and are certainly not fused into groups (fig. 4).

These form a layer as thin as the polygonal tesserz, and they

are seen to cover the lateral border of the fish, without any

marginal plates.

By a fortunate fracture of the rock the left side of the

median ventral plate is exposed from within (fig. 2). This

plate (v.) is smaller, thinner, and much less convex than the

median dorsal, apparently ovoid in shape, and somewhat

longer than broad. Its inner face bears some very prominent

irregularly arranged pustules (fig. 6). Its outer face is

scarcely seen, but one fragment of the antero-lateral portion

exhibits flat-topped, large, stellate tubercles, all closely

arranged and not in tesseree.

In the region of the head, just in front of the median dorsal

plate, there are also traces of dermal armour, but these are

too imperfect for their nature to be determined. A mass of

* A, S. Woodward, Catal. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus. pt. ii, (1891)

p. 126.

43*

652 Mr. G. Dollman on

calcified tissue (fig. 1, 2) lying in the anterior angle of the

median dorsal plate appears to be merely a displaced fragment.

Of the tail nothing 1s preserved.

From this description of the new specimen it is evident

that Psammosteus differs from Drepanaspis at least in the

flexibility of the lateral armour between the median dorsal

and ventral plates. It is possible also that the so-called

lateral spines of Psammosteus may be movable appendages,

not homologous with any plates in Drepanaspis. The two

genera are therefore easily distinguishable ; but it would be

well to await the discovery of the head and tail of the Upper

Devonian fish before deciding whether cr not to assign it to

a separate family.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX.

Psammosteus taylort, Traquair; dorsal and ventral shields, with

appendages.—Upper Old Red Sandstone; Newton Quarry, Elgin.

[ William Taylor Collection, Brit. Mus. no. P. 10956. }

Fig. 1. Inner view of dorsal plate, with left side added from counterpart,

one-quarter nat. size. s., lateral spines; 2, displaced fragment

of bone.

Fig. 2. Dorsal view of mould of fossil, to show ventral plate in position,

one-quarter nat. size. d., internal mould of dorsal plate; v.,

inner face of ventral plate.

Fig. 8. Apex of left paired spine, enlarged by one-half, to show orna-

ment and worn border.

Fig. 4. Small stellate tubercles of lateral region, enlarged by one-half.

Fig. 5. Tesserze of infero-lateral region, enlarged by one-half.

Fig. 6. Inner face of ventral plate, showing pustules, nat. size.

LXXIT.—On new Mammals from East Africa, presented to

the British Museum by Mr. A. Blaney Percival. By Guy

DOLLMAN.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE following paper deals with some of the new mammals

contained in the large collection recently made by Mr. A.

Blaney Percival in East Africa, The greater part of the

collection has yet to be worked out, when a complete list of

all the specimens will be published.

Elephantulus delicatus, Dollm.

3. 435, 4386 ; 9. 424.

A long-tailed species very similar in colour to 2. somalicus,

Thos., but with longer nasals and palate.

new Mammals from East Africa. 653

Size about as in somalicus, tail averaging about 140 mm.

in length. Fur thick and long. General colour of dorsal

surface very like that of soma/icus, rather more buffy and

without the greyish wash present in the Somali species.

Flanks purer and yellower in colour, Head rather lighter,

especially on the frontal region. Backs of hands and feet

white, Underparts white, hairs almost white to roots, the

extreme bases of the hairs alone being greyish ; in somalicus

the entire basal halves of the hairs are slate-black, giving the

belly a greyish appearance. Tail as in somalicus.

Skull rather large, with long nasal and palatal regions.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :-—

Head and body 126 mm.; tail 145; hind foot 34:5;

ear 25.

Skull: greatest length 37 ; condylo-incisive length 34:2 ;

zygomatic breadth 20°5; interorbital constriction 6; squa-

mosal breadth across brain-case 16 ; greatest length of nasals

15; palatilar length 19°5; length of upper tooth-row from

front of first incisor to back of last molar 18-9.

Hab. Orr Valley, Mt. Nyiro. Altitude 3500 feet.

Type. Old male. Original number 435. Collected on

April 3rd, 1911.

The almost pure white hair on the ventral surface of the

body readily distinguishes this new form from the Somali

species, while the cranial differences, noted above, appear of

specific value.

Parawerus percivali, sp. n.

6. B, D, 252, 263, 230; 2. 253, 258, 266, 267, 271,

317. Marsabit.

Related to yackson?, de Wint., but smaller in size and

with dorsal surface of body dark blackish olive in colour,

Skin dimensions rather less than in jacksont. General

colour of back yellowish olive, with a dark blackish suffusion

down the middle of the body, extending from the top of the

head to the rump and spreading on to the tail. Flanks and

shoulders brownish olive speckled with yellowish white ;

light side stripes faintly defined. Forehead blackish speckled

with yellow ; sides of face, muzzle, and ocular markings dingy

greyish buff. Backs of hands and feet yellowish buff, in

this respect resembling jacksont capitis, Thos. Ventral

surface of body very much as in jackson?, the buff tint a trifle

richer and the grey bases to the hairs not quite so evident.

Tail rather blacker throughout; subterminal rings on hairs

pale yellowish buff.

654 Mr. G. Dollman on

Skull like that of jackson?, but smaller, with shorter nasals

and smaller cheek-teeth. Auditory bulle less inflated.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 155 mm.; tail 160; hind foot 36; ear 18.

Skull: greatest length 40°5; condylo-incisive length 36 ;

zygomatic breadth 23°5; interorbital constriction 11; squa-

mosal breadth of brain-case 18; length of nasals 10-3 ;

greatest width across nasals 6°53; palatilar length 15°8 ;

length of upper tooth-row 7.

Hab. Marsabit. Altitude 4500 fect.

Type. Adult female. Original number 253. Collected on

February 16th, 1911.

The affinities of this species are not easy to decide; it

seems to be rather intermediate between the jacksoni and

ochraceus groups. From jackson? it is distinguished by its

rather smaller size and the dark blackish suffusion on the

dorsal surface.

The very much darker colour of the fur is sufficient to

separate this species from all the forms of ochraceus. Para-

werus kahari, recently described by Heller from Meru Boma,

appears to be related to this new Marsabit species, from

which it is distinguished by its larger size and more bufty

coloration.

Paraerus ochraceus augustus, subsp. n.

o.. Cy 264, 2795". A, 265, 316: “Marsabit.

A pale yellow-coloured form allied to P. ochraceus,

Huet.

Size as in aruscensits. General colour of dorsal surface

pale yellowish buff grizzled with brown and grey, the brown

tint most conspicuous on the hinder part of the back. Light

lateral stripes almost entirely invisible. Shoulders pale

yellowish buff; flanks pale greyish buff, faintly speckled

with brownish grey. ‘Top of head similar in colour to back,

general effect greyish olive. Muzzle and sides of face white,

washed with pale buff. Lyes with narrow white lines above

and broad white markings below.

Backs of hands and feet yellowish buff, paler than in

ochraceus. Under surface of body creamy white. Tail as

in ochraceus.

Skull larger than in ochraceus, nearly equal in size to that

of aruscensis.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 150 mm.; tail 160; hind foot 38;

ear 19.

Skull: greatest length 40:2; condylo-incisive length 36;

new Mamma’s /rom East Africa. 655

zygomatic breadth 22°7; interorbital constriction 11-4 ;

squamosal breadth of brain-case 18; length of nasals 10:5 ;

greatest breadth across nasals 6; palatilar length 15°7 ;

length of upper tooth-row 7:2.

Hab, Marsabit. Altitude 4500 feet.

‘Type. Adult male. Original number C. Collected

January Ist, 1911.

This Marsabit race is readily recognized by the pale

yellowish olive-coloured dorsal surface, light-coloured face,

and yellowish-buff feet.

Paraxerus ochraceus animosus, subsp. n.

3. 386, 387; 9. 409, 411, 449. Mt. Nyiro.

An exceedingly pale-coloured race related to P. ochraceus

electus, Thos.

Size about as in the foregoing form. General colour far

paler and whiter than in any of the allied species ; dorsal

surface light greyish olive speckled with black and pale

yellowish white, the general effect very much lighter in

colour than in electus or augustus. Flanks pale olive-grey,

faintly speckled with light brownish black. Side stripes

invisible. Back of head and forehead similar in colour to

rest of dorsal surface. White stripes above and below the

eyes wide and well defined. Sides of face creamy white ;

lateral cheek-stripe very much fainter and less conspicuous

than in electus or the allied races. Backs of hands and feet

creamy white, hairs with the dark blackish bases and light

tips. Under surface of body white, many of the hairs on

the belly with grey bases and white tips. Tail much as in

electus but paler throughout.

Skull similar to that of Paraxerus ochraceus augustus.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 150 mm.; tail 156; hind foot 38-5;

ear 20.

Skull: greatest length 39°5 ; condylo-incisive length 36 ;

zygomatic breadth 22°5; interorbital constriction 10°9 ;

squamosal breadth of brain-case 17; length of nasals 10°8 ;

greatest width across nasals 5°3; palatilar length 15°8;

length of upper tooth-row 7:2.

Hab. Mt. Nyiro. Altitude 6000 feet.

Type. Adult female. Original number 449. Collected

on April 6th, 1911.

The light greyish-white appearance of this race at once

distinguishes it from all the allied forms of the ochraceus

group.

656 Mr. G. Dollman on

Taterillus nubilus, sp. n.

d. 411,412. Orr Valley, Mt Nyiro.

6. 495. Hot springs.

Allied to T. osgoodi, Wrought., but less rufous in colour

and with a smaller skull.

General proportions much as in osgoodi. Dorsal surface

yellowish buff finely speckled with greyish brown, the

general effect rather similar to that of 7’. tenebricus, Dollm.,

but very much paler ; no trace of the bright rufous colouring

met with in osgoodi. Flanks rather purer and richer in

colour, the dark speckling much less evident than on the

back. Face and head as in tenebricus, but dark frontal

marking less black and light cheeks rather more buffy.

Backs of hands and feet and entire underparts white. ‘Tail

as in osgoodt.

Skull smaller than in the Voi species, with smaller auditory

bullze and molar teeth.

Dimensions of the type (measured from dry skin *) :—

Head and body 112 mm.; tail 150; hind foot 29.

Skull: greatest length 35:4; basal length 28 ; condylo-

incisive length 30; zygomatic breadth 17°7; interorbital

breadth 6°4; breadth of brain-case (across squamosal region)

15:2; length of nasals 14; palatal length 17-2 ; length of

palatal foramina 5-8; length of upper molar series 4°);

alveolar length of upper molar series 5°1.

flab. Orr Valley, Mt. Nyiro. Altitude 3500 feet.

Type. Old male. Original number 412. Collected in

March 1911.

The much duller and less rufous colouring at once dis-

tinguishes this gerbil from the Voi species, in which the

dorsal surface is bright buffy rufous. From TZ. tenebricus

this new form is distinguished by its larger size, lighter

colour, and very much larger and heavier skull.

Taterillus nubilus tllustris, subsp. n.

3. 224, 326; 9. 325. 12 miles N. of the Eusso Nyiro.

A pale-coloured race allied to the foregoing species.

In size and general proportions much as in nubilus.

General colour of dorsal surface pale straw-tinted buff, the

buff colour most evident on the hind-quarters and posterior

back ; dark speckling very faint, the general effect re-

sembling a pale-coloured 7. osgood?, Flanks pale buff.

* Dimensions of another specimen measured in the flesh: head and ~

body 115 mm.; tail 153; hind foot 82; ear 27.

new Mammals from East Africa. 657

Tlead and face-markings much less evident than in nubdilus,

dark stripe on forehead and muzzle scarcely defined ; ocular

rings and dark area behind eyes almost invisible. Outer

surface of ears clothed with orange-buff hairs. Backs of

hands and feet and ventral surface of body white. ‘Tail as

in nubilus.

Skull quite as in nubi/us, molar teeth a trifle smaller.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 108 mm.; tail 158; hind foot 29;

ear 19.

Skull: greatest length 35; basal length 28; condylo-

incisive length 30; zygomatic breadth 18; interorbital

constriction 7; squamosal breadth of brain-case 15°3; length

of nasals 14; palatal length 17; length of palatal foramina

5°8; length of upper cheek-teeth 4°6; alveolar length of

upper cheek-teeth 5:2.

Hab. 12 miles north of the Eusso Nyiro. Altitude

3300 feet.

Type. Adult male. Original number 326. Collected on

February 2nd, 1911.

Thamnomys surdaster lutosus, subsp. n.

6. 397, 401, 403, 404; 2. 398, 399, 400, 402, 439.

Mt. Nyiro. Altitude 8000 feet.

About equal in size to J’. surdaster ibeanus, Osg., but

much paler in colour.

Size of body and hind feet as in zheanus, tail rather longer.

General colour very much that of 7. s. polionops, Osg., but

less rufous on dorsal surface and without dusky markings on

sides of face. Colour of back paler and less buffy than in

T. s. insignis, the rufous tint only asserting itself on the hind-

quarters and rump. Flanks pale slate-grey tinted with

yellowish buff, a good deal paler than in either ¢nsignis or

ibeanus. Face and head grey, tinted with pale yellowish

buff. In the coloration of the flanks and head this form

most nearly resembles poltonops. Underparts creamy white,

hairs white to roots. Backs of hands and feet yellowish

white. ‘Tail long, in colour and distribution of hair about

as in the allied races.

Skull a trifle shorter and stouter than in either cbeanus or

insignis.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 118 mm.; tail 198; hind foot 24;

ear 22.

Skull: greatest length 31:4; basilar length 24:5; con-

658 On new Mammals from East Africa.

dylo-incisive length 28:5; zygomatic breadth 15°4; squa-

mosal breadth of brain-case 13°7 ; interorbital constriction

4°7; length of nasals 12; palatilar length 13°5; length of

palatal foramina 6:8; length of upper molar series 4°8.

This race is evidently closely allied to both dbeanus and

insignis, from both of which it is distinguished by its paler

colour.

I take this opportunity of describing a further new species

of Thamnomys, recently collected by Mr. Robin Kemp in the

Lake Kivu District.

Thamnomys kempi, sp. n.

Allied to T. venustus, Thos., but considerably larger in

size and with very much larger molar teeth.

Size of body greater than in any other known member of

the genus. Fur of back long, as in venustus. General

colour of dorsal surface bright orange-rufous, the reddish

tint most marked on the posterior back and hind-quarters,

much as in Thamnomys dryas. Hairs on posterior part

of back slate-black with short reddish tips ; interspersed

are a number of dark brownish hairs, which are most

numerous on the anterior portion of the body. Hairs on

shoulders and neck slate-black with yellowish-buff tips.

Flanks slaty grey washed with bright yellowish buff. Face

and head greyish buff ; tip of nose black. ars clothed on the

outside with dark brownish hairs ; inner side closely covered

with short golden-buff hairs. Backs of hands and feet buff-

coloured, with conspicuous dark patches on the metacarpal

and metatarsal areas. Underparts pale buff, the hairs all

with slate-grey bases and long buff-coloured tips. Tail very

long, pencilled terminally ; uniformly dark brown in colour.

Skull larger than that of venustus, with longer nasals and

palatal foramina, more inflated auditory bulla, and much

larger and heavier molars.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 141 mm.; tail 159; hind foot 27-5;

ear 22°95.

Skull: greatest length 36; basilar length 27-2; condylo-

incisive length 32; zygomatic breadth 16-4; interorbital

constriction 4°7; greatest breadth of brain-case 14°6; length

of nasals 14:8; palatilar length 15; length of palatal fora-

mina 8:8; length of upper molar series 7.

Hab. Buhamba, near Lake Kivu, Congo Belge. Altitude

6000 feet.

On a new Peeiliid Fish from the Amazon. 659

Tyre. Adult female. Original number 2188. Collected

on June 3rd, 1911.

This Thamnomys is undoubtedly related to the large

Ruwenzori species, T. venustus, from which it is distin-

guished by its greater size and far larger molar teeth.

LXXIII.—A new Peeiliid Fish from the Amazon, with Notes

on the Genera Petalosoma and Tomeurus. By C. Tate

ReGAN, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tn 1908 (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) ii. p. 458) I described

a Peeciliid fish from Costa Rica under the name Peta/osoma

cultratum ; this differed from all other Peeciliids then known

in haying the tail behind the anal fin compressed to a sharp

ventral edge formed of paired scales. In the following year

Higenmann (Ann. Carnegie Mus. vi. p. 53) published the

description of Zomeurus gracilis from British Guiana, another

Peeciliid fish with this peculiarity. I have now received

from Herr A. Rachow, of Hamburg, examples of a new

species of Petalosoma from the Amazon at Obidos. -

Petalosoma and Tomeurus resemble Gambusia in mouth-

structure, dentition, &c., and in having the anal fin of the

male advanced and modified into an intromittent organ. In

Petalosoma the body is moderately deep (depth 3 to 4 in the

length) ; the anal fin of the male is inserted below or a little

behind the end of the pectoral, is rather short (} to } the

length of the fish), and has the elongate rays simple; the

pelvic fins are well developed, inserted below the middle of

the pectoral, larger in the male than in the female. In

Tomeurus (fide Kigenmann) the body is long and slender

(depth 63 in the length), the anal fin of the male is inserted

below the base of the pectoral, is very long (2 the length of

the fish), and has the first elongate ray armed with spini-

ferous appendages, whilst the pelvic fins in the male are

minute, below the gill-openings, and in the female absent.

The new species may be designated

Petalosoma amazonum, sp. n.

Body moderately compressed, its depth 32 in the length;

length of head 43. Snout as long as eye, the diameter of

which is 3 in the length of head and less than the interorbital

660 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

width. 33 or 34 scales in a longitudinal series. Dorsal

8 or 9; origin equidistant from anterior (¢) or posterior ( ? )

margin of eye and posterior edge of caudal fin; fin more

elevated in the male than in the female, but not nearly

reaching the caudal when laid back ; distance from dorsal to

Petalosoma amazonum, $ and Q, enlarged to 13.

caudal twice or nearly twice the least depth of the caudal

peduncle. Anal 10, in the female nearly in the middle of the

length of the fish, in the male criginating a little behind thie

end of the pectoral, which is shorter than the head. Pelvies

6-rayed, inserted below the middle of the pectoral. Caudal

subtruncate. Coloration olivaceons.

Two specimens, a male of 35 and a female of 51 mm.,

from Obidos.

Petalosoma cultratum differs from this species especially in

the deeper and more strongly compressed body and more

posterior dorsal fin. In the type, a male of 50 mm., the

depth of the body is 33 in the length, the dorsal, when laid

back, nearly reaches the caudal, and the distance between

these fins is equal to the least depth of the caudal peduncle.

LXXIV.—Descriptions and Records of Bees —XXXIX.

By T. D. A. Cocxerett, University of Colorado.

Halictus provancheri, Dalla Torre.

Comparing specimens from Woods Hole and Cuttyhunk

Island, Massachusetts, with those collected by Robertson in

Records of Bees. 661

Illinois, I find that the Atlantic coast form has evidently

dusky wings, while that from Lllinois has them very clear,

with a light amber stigma. The first of these is the true

provancheri ; the second may be regarded as a subspecies,

H. provancheri nearcticus (Vachal). Vachal in describing

nearcticus does not mention the colour of the wings, but he

compares it with H. agi/is, of which he has just said “aile

hyaline & nervures jaunes”’; and as he cites specimens from

Illinois, I will designate this as the type locality. It is only

with difficulty that this species can be separated from the

European H. tumulorum (L.), the principal characters being

the more or less reddish or testaceous trochanters of thie

male.

Halictus albipennis, Robertson.

Males ; Woods Hole, Mass. (Hleth Cattell).

Halictus arcuatus gulosus, subsp. n.

? .—Length about 84 mm., anterior wing 7.

Very robust, the abdomen very broad at base. Compared

with H. arcuatus, Rob. (Illinois specimen received from

Robertson), it is much larger, with darker tegulz and wings.

The apical truncation of the metathorax is well detined, but

the insect cannot be confused with H. truncatus, Rob., on

account of the almost simple hind spurs and the distinctly

though sparsely punctured first abdominal segment. It is

separated from H. discus, Smith, by the absence of distinct

impunctate areas on scutellum, the large stigma and the

minutely punctured abdomen. From H. arcuatus parisus,

Lovell, it is known by the very distinct though linear testa-

ceous hind margins of the abdominal segments and the

coarser rug of the metathoracic enclosure.

Hab. Woods Hole, Massachusetts, July 1911 (Cockereil).

It seems probable that there are several closely allied

species related to arcuatus, but until we know more about

them, it will do no harm to treat parisus and gulosus as sub-

species only. H. crassus, Vachal, appears to be a synonym of

arcuatus.

Halictus bardus, Cresson.

South Fork of Eagle Creek, New Mexico, at flowers of

Sicyos parviflora, Willd., prox. 8000 ft., Aug. 18 (C. #. 7.

Townsend),

662 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

Halictus cooleyi, Crawford.

Top of ridge, Rio Ruidoso, New Mexico, at flowers of

Solidago trinervata, Greene, prox. 7600 ft., Aug. 2 (C. H. T.

Townsend). New to New Mexico.

Halictus horishensis, sp. 1.

¢ .—Length nearly 9 mm., anterior wings 6 mm.

Black, with elongate parallel-sided abdomen, which is

23 mm. wide; head ordinary, somewhat longer than broad,

the occipital region elevated; hair of head and thorax pale

yellowish grey, long and light ochreous on scutellums ;

vertex shining, front minutely rugose; clypeus with a

yellowish-white transverse subapical band, not reaching

sides; labrum black; mandibles strongly elbowed, ferrugi-

nous beyond the middle ; cheeks rounded; antennz long,

black, the flagellum with a very faint coffee-brown tint

beneath. Mesothorax shining, but strongly and densely

punctured, not tessellate between the punctures; tegulie

ferruginous clouded with fuscous, apparently impunctate,

though some minute discal punctures can be seen with the

compound microscope; scutellum sculptured like meta-

thorax ; pleura with the punctures running into transverse

grooves ; area of metathorax well-defined, pointed behind,

shining, with strong oblique ruge. Wings dusky, stigma

and nervures red-brown; outer nervures distinct; second

s.m. small and narrow, less than half the size of third,

receiving first r. n. very close to end; third s.m. of the sub-

quadrate type. Legs black with pale hair, the tarsi black,

with only the apex of the last joint ferruginous; abdomen

shining, minutely but distinctly punctured ; hind margins

of segments dark; no apical hair-bands, but bases of seg-

ments with broad uniform greyish-white shaggy hair-bands.

Hab. Horisha, Formosa (7. Fukai). U.S. National

Museum.

Among the species described from Formosa this can only

be compared with A. formose, Strand, from which it differs

by the narrower, parallel-sided abdomen, the yellowish-white

spurs, the basal bands of abdomen not narrowed medially, &e.

In Bingham’s table of Indian species it runs exactly to

H. dasygaster, Vachal, of which ouly the female is known ;

but horishensis appears to differ sufficiently by the greyish-

white abdominal bands, dusky wings, and smaller second

submarginal cell. Among the European species it quite

closely resembles H. seanotatus, but is easily separated by

Records of Bees. 663

the coarser, oblique ruge at base of metathorax, and the

broad entire hair-bands of the narrower abdomen. It 1s

structurally closer to H. leucozonius, from which it is at once

known by the dark basitarsi. In the North American .

fauna it may be compared with H. trizonalus, from which it

differs by the much more closely punctured mesothorax and

the much stronger ruge of basal area of metathorax.

H. horishensis is not represented in the Sauter collection

from Formosa.

The following table separates the females of four Formosan

species of Halictus, and contrasts them with a number of

forms which they more or less closely resemble :—

Sides of prothorax above much enlarged,

concave, produced to an acute angle;

mesothorax with very strong well-sepa-

rated punctures ; abdomen clos ely, very

minutely punctured. (Formosa.) ...... perangulatus, Ckll.

Prothorax normal, or only moderately pro-

C2) SSUES ne

1, Middle and hind tibize and tarsi clear fer-

ruginous; basal bands of second and third

abdominal segments extremely broad at

sides, but narrowed almost or quite to a

point in middle; tegulz bright ferrugi-

nous ; mesothorax “sparsely” punctured.

5 EEE Dn By eee oe equestris, Morawitz.

Middle and hind tibiz and tarsi not thus 4

red (tarsi in frizonatus sometimes partly

MEET a oficcnin = Gln /e..0,6)5/% 6, 00 0 2 2.

2, Basal area of metathorax finely granular

(finely striate in manitouellus); meso-

thorax very finely punctured .......... 3. -

Basal area of metathorax conspicuously

ridged, wrinkled, plicate or striate (finely

striate in manitouellus) Be 5,

3. Basal bands of abdomen pale fulvous, on

second and third segments strongly nar-

rowed in middle; wings dusky greyish.

eM aii f U8iay es, aiiaecnis clare: manitouellus, Cll.

Basal bands of abdomen cream-colour, not

narrowed in middle (except that on second

moderately so in trizonatus) ...... 4,

4. Wings very strongly reddened. (Mexico.) schenckii, Ritsema.

Wines little reddened. (Colorado.)...... trizonatus, Cresson.

5. Hind margins of abdominal segments fore

ruginous or pallid. (Europe.) ........ calceatus (Scop.).

Hind margins of abdominal segments

io a eer nrrres ant eoor non 6.

6. Bands at bases of second and third abdo-

minal segments much narrowed in middle,

or interrupted, and always yellowish-

tinted or fulvous ...... Sh bore @e bac Cae

664 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

Bands at bases of second and third seg-

ments entire, and usually white........ 9.

. Mesothorax densely punctured all over .. manitouellus, Ckll.

Mesothorax sparsely punctured, at least on

GisC* 3. serch occ eee ORO mae 8.

8. Anterior part of mesothorax closely punc- ‘

tured. (Washington State.) .......... pacificus, Ckll.

Anterior part of mesothorax sparsely punc-

tured. (PB ormoss.)c. oe at eee ee « levidermis, Cll.

9. First abdominal segment with a broad

median band of white hair, thin or inter-

rupted in middle. (New Mexico.) .... sisymbrii, Ckll.

First abdominal segment without such a

Lae Se Sa pea O77 Jon ae 10.

10. Mesothorax very shiny, with sparse strong

PUDCAUTCS irae niagara eee 1B

Mesothorax more densely or very densely

PENCLuTed Saeco e eee eee eee ere ee 12.

11. Larger; first abdominal segment more

strongly and clearly punctured. (Tan-

PICE ers eh er ies Poke oe eeee eis platycestus, Dours.

Smaller; first abdominal segment with

scattered smaller punctures. (Europe).. morbillosus, Kriechb.

12, Area of metathorax irregularly wrinkled.

(Hormosa,) Pieter oie ee eine eer recognitus, Ckll.

Area of metathorax distinctly ridged 13.

13. Area of metathorax with very oblique

ridges; mesothorax very finely and

densely punctured, (Formosa.)........ multistictus, Ckll.

Area of metathorax with straight ridges;

mesothorax with punctures larger and

not so dense. ((Hurope:)’ as.) owes sean « leucozonius (Schr.).

Halictus levidermis, sp. n.

2? .—Length about 9} mm., anterior wing 8.

Black, with pale ochraceous pubescence; head broad ;

antenne black; mandibles bidentate, black, very obscurely

reddish subapically; clypeus very shiny, with strong punc-

tures; front dull and granular (microscopically confluently

punctured); mesothorax very shiny, with scattered but

distinct punctures, in front gibbous; prothorax broadly

angulate on each side in front ; disc of scutellum shining,

with very few punctures ; area of metathorax not distinctly

defined, covered with strong irregular rugz; apical trun-

cation subreticulately sculptured, sharply defined all round ;

pleura hairy, with a very coarse partly striate sculpture.

Legs black, with reddish hair; hair on inner side of hind

tibize and tarsi shining yellowish ; hind spur with numerous

minute teeth, not readily noticeable without the microscope ;

tegule shining piceous, the margin pallid infront. Wings

dusky ; stigma and nervures rufo-fuscous ; second s.m. very

Records of Bees. 665

broad; nearly as large as third, receiving first r. n. near its

end; third s.m. of the qu adrate (not elongated) type.

Abdomen shining, with numerous very minute punctures ;

basal bands on sezments 2 to 4 pale ochreous-tinted, reduced

to triangular lateral patches; apex with pale ochreous

hair.

Hab. Formosa (Sauter). Berlin Museum.

Halictus recognitus, sp. 0.

? —Length about 10 mm., anterior wing 7.

Black, with pale ochreous-tinted pubescence, whiter below,

dense and distinctly ochreous on postscutellum; head

ordinary, clypeus rather produced, strongly punctured ;

mandibles dark, obscure red apically ; cheeks broad in

middle ; antennz dark, flagellum obscurely reddish beneath ;

frout dull and granular, vertex shining ; mesothorax shining

but strongly and closely ye seenes scutellum densely

punctured except on each side of middle ; prothorax an-

gulate on each side in front, the angle approximately a right

angle; area of metathorax not “distinctly defined, very

irregularly wrinkled, the sculpture coarse ; posterior trun-

cation with sharp margins. Legs black, with pale ochreous

hair; hind spur apparently simple, but with very oblique

and sharp microscopical denticulations ; tegule dark rutfo-

piceous. Wings greyish, stigma and nervures dull testa-

ceous ; first r. n. joiming second s.m. a short distance before

end ; third s.m. narrowed above, but not much produced

apically. Abdomen rather long and narrow, closely and

minutely punctured, except the greater part of the first

segment, which is shining with widely separated punctures ;

basal hair-bands dense, creamy white, entire, their lower

edges straight ; apical fimbria ochreous, but the surrounding

area covered with brown-black hair.

Hab. Formosa (Sauter). Berlin Museum.

Looks like H. multistictus, but easily separated by the

paler wings ; larger, scattered punctures on first abdominal

segment; much smaller basal region (between truncation

and postscutellum) of metathorax, &c.

Halictus multistictus, sp. n.

9 .—Length about 10} mm., anterior wing 8.

Black, with short pale reddish pubescence, whiter below

head ordinary, rather broad; clypeus well punctured

anteune dark ; front dall, densely and finely punctured,

Ann, & Mag. N, Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. dt

666 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell— Descriptions and

vertex hardly shining; mesothorax and scutellum dull,

extremely densely and finely punctured; thorax above

reddish from short hair; prothorax not angulate at sides in

front; base of metathorax large, the poorly defined area

with distinct oblique ridges; truncation sharply defined.

Legs black, with reddish hair, that on outer side of hind

tibiae and tarsi dark fuscous; hind spur with about five

short oblique spines (thus entirely different from that of

H. recognitus); tegule black. Wings dilute fuliginous,

stigma rufo-fuscous, nervures dusky testaceous ; second s.m.

broad, receiving first r. n. a short distance before end,

third s.m. of quadrate type. Abdomen shining, but very

closely and extremely minutely punctured, including the

disc of first segment ; basal hair-bands pale ochreous- tinted,

entire and with the lower edge straight, but often largely

concealed through the overlapping of the segments ; hair at

apex brownish.

Hab. Formosa, 5 2 (Sauter). Berlin Museum.

Evidently close to H. horishensis, but not its female, on

account of the much more finely and densely punctured

mesothorax, dark tegulie, &e.

Halictus perangulatus, sp. n.

9 .—Length about 10 mm., anterior wing 7§.

Black, robust, with broad abdomen; pubescence pale

ochreous, lighter below; head ordinary ; clypeus strongly

punctured; antenne dark; front dull and granular, vertex

shining ; mesothorax and scutellum dullish, with very large

and strong, not very dense punctures ; pleura very hairy ;

prothorax at sides in front produced into large triangular

sharply pointed shelves ; area of metathorax with fine more

or less sinuous ruge ; truncation sharp-edged at sides. Legs

black, with pale ochreous-tinted hair; a brush of bright

fox-red hair at end of hind basitarsus ; hair on inner side of

basitarsi orange; hind spur with about four short blunt

lamin behind, and on inner edge with numerous micro-

scopical appressed teeth (the spur therefore quite different

from that of the three species described above, but nearest

to multistictus, which has pointed teeth in place of the

broad blunt laminz) ; tegulz piceous with the margin paler.

Wings dusky, stigma and nervures very dull yellowish

testaceous ; second s.m. broad, receiving first r. n. a short

distance from end; third s.m. narrowed about half above,

but not much elongated. Abdomen very finely and densely

punctured; broad dense pale ochreous-tinted basal hair-

Records of Bees. 667

bands entire, their lower edges straight; a very broad hair-

band, weak in middle, on first segment toward the base

(H. sisymbrii-like character); caudal rima ochreous, but

with black hair on each side.

Hab. Formosa, 7 2 (Sauter). Berlin Museum.

' This may be said to represent in Formosa the Chinese

H. subopacus, Smith. In the table above, if the prothoracic

character is ignored, it runs to H. sisymdrii.

Halictus sidereus, sp. un.

? —Length about 6 mm., anterior wing 44.

Black, with very little hair, the abdomen without bands

or patches; head ordinary, broad; clypeus shining, with

large punctures ; flagellum rufescent apically; front and

vertex minutely punctured, the latter shining; mesothorax

and scutellum microscopically tessellate, with scattered

small punctures ; parapsidal grooves very distinct ; area of

metathorax poorly defined, with irregular plici, failing

apically ; posterior truncation not sharp-edged. Legs black,

with pale ochreous-tinted hair, the hind tarsi dull ferrugi-

nous; hind spur with a few fine sharp teeth; tegule shining

rufo-testaceous. Wings hyaline, very faintly dusky, the

large stigma dark red-brown, nervures sepia, outer nervures

moderately weakened; second s.m. broad, third of the

quadrate type; first r. n. joining second t.-c. Abdomen

broad, shining, very feebly sculptured, the first segment

smooth, the second with very minute and indistinet piliferous

punctures, the third and fourth microscopically transversely

lineolate.

Hab. Chip Chip, 8. Formosa, Feb. 1909 (Sauter). Berlin

Museum.

Resembles the Australian H. blackburni, Ckll., but the

latter has a much broader head, mesothorax duller and

much less evidently punctured, &c. From all other female

Halicti of Formosa it is readily known by its small size,

dark stigma, and bandless abdomen. On account of the

feeble sculpture of the abdomen it cannot be the female of

H. luteitarsellus, Strand.

Halictus statialis, sp. n.

? .—Length about 6 mm., anterior wing nearly 43.

Black, with rather abundant but thin pale hair, greyish

white below, slightly ochreous above ; head ordinary, clypeus

rather produced, rough and hairy ; front dull and granular;

44%

668 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell— Descriptions and

antenne dark, flagellum ferruginous at end; mesothorax

dull, densely punctured on a microscopically tessellate

ground; scutellum shining but well punctured; area of

metathorax with very fine rather irregular longitudinal

ruge or raised lines ; posterior truncation very narrow, well

defined, Legs black, with pale hair, the small joints of tarsi

somewhat reddish ; brush at end of hind basitarsus shining

orange; hind spur with a couple of very long blunt branches

near the base, and on the apical part a short keel-like

lamina; tegule rufo-fulvous, darker basally. Wings hya-

line, iridescent, nervures and stigma pale testaceous; first

r. n. joining second s.m. a considerable distance before end ;

third t.-c. and second r.n. greatly weakened. Abdomen

broad, shining, minutely punctured, with very broad dense

pale ochreous-tinted hair-bands at bases of segments 2 to 4,

that on the second variably narrowed in middle ; a patch of

similar hair on each side of first segment ; hair of apical

segment pale.

Hab. Formosa (Sauter). Berlin Museum.

The type and another are from Chip Chip, Feb. 1909; a

third is simply marked “ Formosa.”’ Very close to the

Indian H. nasicensis, Ckll., but differing in details of

sculpture.

Epeolus peregrinus, Cockerell.

When describing E. peregrinus I neglected to compare

it with H. fervidus, Smith, also found in India. Mr. G.

Meade-Waldo has very kindly compared the types of the

two species, and finds the following important differences :—

E. peregrinus.—Second s.m. triangular, pointed above;

disc of mesothorax more sparingly covered with

coarse punctures ; ventral surface of thorax covered

with a dense silvery pubescence.

E. fervidus, Smith.—Second s.m. quadrate, broad above;

disc of mesothorax densely and coarsely punctured ;

ventral surface of thorax black.

Triepeolus gabrielis, Cockerell.

Florissant, Colorado, June 1, 1908 (Cockerell). Previously

known only from California.

Triepeolus rohweri, sp. 1.

3 .—Length about 9 mm. (abdomen of type contracted).

_ Looking exactly like 7. sudalpinus, Ckll. (2), but differ-

ing as follows: more robust; face densely covered with

a EE

Records of Bees. 669

silvery-white hair; mesothorax broadly bordered in front

(except in middle) with pale ochreous hair, these bands

giving rise at their inner ends to subtriangular but thin and

inconspicuous backwardly directed lobes (in subal/pinus are

instead two rather narrow longitudinal bands, and no hair

along the front except at extreme sides) ; pleura densely

covered with hair, white below, ochreous-tinted above ;

scutellum strongly depressed in middle, and axillar teeth

larger ; tegule brighter red; black transverse area on first

abdominal segment with its edges more or less overlapped

by hair, not clean-cut; apical band of first segment not

interrupted. Apical plate of abdomen narrow, dark rufous ;

fourth and fifth ventral segments fringed with fuscous hair.

Eyes green ; antenne black, with the third joint red below.

Legs red, with the anterior femora black, their tibize black in

front, middle femora with a suffused black area above;

spurs black; second s.m. triangular, narrowed to a point

above; band on second abdominal segment with a large

rounded lobe on each side,

Hab. North Boulder ge Boulder County, Colorado,

in the Canadian Zone, Aug. 22, 1907 (S. N. Rohwer).

I thought at first that this was the male of 7. subalpinus,

but there are too many differences, and [ can only suppose

that the two are very closely related but distinct species.

In Robertson’s table of Triepeolus (1903), T. rohwert runs

nearest to T. helianthi, from which it differs by the hairy

pleura and other characters. As in helianthi, the labrum is

black.

Triepeolus penepectoralis, Viereck, 1905.

Wawawai, Washington State, both sexes,- 2? Sept. 6,

3 Aug. 30, 1908 (W. M. Mann).

New to the United States, and the male is new. The

male is like the female except for the usual sexual differences,

and the rather greater development of the light hair, The

longitudinal bands on the mesothorax in front reach the

anterior margin, the whole of the anterior part of the pleura

is covered with hair, and the basal hair-band of the first

abdominal segment is not broken. Mr. S. A. Rohwer

studied this species somewhat, and noted that it was closely

related to 7. subalpinus. The female is readily separated

from subalpinus by the larger and broader pygidial area

(false pygidium), the upward lateral hair-lobes on second

abdominal segment directed inwards so as to make an acute

angle with the transverse band (in the manner of 7. pecto-

670 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell— Descriptions and

ralis), the narrower head, &c. The male is known from

T. rohweri by the much broader pygidial plate, the pleura

not all covered with hair, the eyes more parallel, Xe.

Me issina, gen. nov. (Anthophoride.)

Belongs to subfamily Eucerine, and is the Indian repre-

sentative of the American genus Melissodes, from which it

differs by the very short and deep marginal cell, the fourth

joint of maxillary palpus long, the less slender ‘paraclossee,

the shorter tongue, and the “much less tapering maxillary

blade. It differs at once from Cubitalia, Friese, which re-

sembles it in the five-jointed maxillary palpi, by the three

submarginal cells and long male antenne (these characters

as in Melissodes). The following description of the mouth-

paris is taken from a female of the type species; the

measurements are all in microns :—

Labial palpi 4-jointed, joints measuring (1) 750, (2) 355,

(3) 95, (4) 88; apical half of first joint hairy on one side ;

second joint very broad, very hairy on one side, pale, with

two broad brown eer united by a longitudinal band;

last two joints stout ; paraglossze reaching nearly to end of

labial palpi; tongue comparatively short, not extending

beyond paraglogs ee and labial palpi. Maxillary palpi 4

jointed (this also confirmed in male), the joints measuring :

(1) 160, (2) 160, (8) 145, (4) 95; first jomt very stout,

second broadly colourless at apex and less conspicuously so

at base; last joint slender, with two bristles at apex,

maxillary blade about 1280 long, very broad (about 480)

near base.

Tibial scopa of female with plumose bristles, but these

have the apfeal 290 to 320 pw, simple. In the wings the

only marked feature is the very broad (deep) marginal cell,

which is about as long as the discoidal, and ends rather

obtusely far from the costa ; b. n. not quite reaching t.-m. ;

second s.m, quadrate, much shorter than first or third,

receiving first r.n. near its end; third t.-e. strongly bent,

third s.m. on marginal about as broad as second. Labrum

emarginate at apex, and mandibles simple, in female.

Medlissina viator, sp. n.

? .—Length 9-10 mm., anterior wing about 74}.

Black, for the most part densely cov ered with pubescence,

except the hind margins of the abdominal segments, which

are bare and conspicuous ; hair of head and thorax white,

Records of Bees. 671

except on thorax above, where it is entirely fulvous ; head

very broad, eyes red; clypeus, except the upper part (the

amount variable) and the reddish anterior edge, white ;

labrum white; mandibles broadly white at base; ocelli

large, in a curve ; antenne short, the apical half or more of

the flagellum ferruginous beneath; tarsi ferruginous at

apex; knee-plate of hind legs obtusely pointed; hair of

hind basitarsi within largely nigro-fuscous; tegule pale

testaceous. Wings hyaline, faintly brownish ; nervures

reddish ; second s.m. not pentagonal. First abdominal seg-

ment with long white hair, the others with very broad and

dense basal hair-bands, rather dull white, not narrowed in

middle; hair at apex white, except round the apical plate,

where it is fuscous ; venter of abdomen somewhat reddish.

3 .—About 9 mm. long.

Similar except for the usual sexual differences ; flagellum

about 7 mm. ; antenne bright ferruginous beneath beyond

the middie of the fourth segment; clypeus entirely ivory-

white, feebly punctured ; apical plate of abdomen truncate ;

eyes red as in the female.

Hab. Karachi, N.W. India, 1909, female (type) in

August, male in June (Coméder). British Museum,

Judging by the too short description, Macrocera clypeata,

Radosz., seems to be closely allied, differing by the entirely

white clypeus of the female. It will, of course, be necessary

to know the mouth-parts of c/ypeata before referring it to

Melissina.

Prosopis cooku, Metz, 1911.

The type locality of this species is given by Metz as

“Filmore Canyon, Colo.,’ but Filmore Canyon is in the

Organ Mountains, New Mexico *.

Coquillettapis melittoides, Viereck.

I recently saw the type of this in the U.S. National

Museum ; it is apparently Diadasia nigrifrons (Cresson), so

far as I could judge without actually comparing authentic

specimens of nigrifrons. It is not related to Entechnia,

Panurgomia fuchsi, Viereck.

I have examined the type female in the U.S, National

* T also take occasion to note that Epitrioza medicaginis, Crawford,

1911, published as from “ Colorado,” came from New Mexico.

672 Descriptions and Records of Bees.

Museum; it is in poor condition. It looks like a Nomiine

with the second t.-c. wanting, but it is very different from

Steganomus nodicornis by the pointed marginal cell and the

Andrena-like basal nervure, falling a little short of t.-m.,

and not bent at its lower end. (Bingham’s figure of the

basal nervure of Steganomus nodicornis 1s misleading , as

shown by a specimen in my possession from F. Smith’s

collection.) The third t.-c. has a very strong double curve

and does not resemble this nervure in Melitta. ‘There is no

curled floceus on hind trochanter, and the sides of face are

shining, wholly without fovee. The flagellum is short like

that of Nomia, red beneath. The area of metathorax is

finely granular; the sides of the apical truncation are

rounded, and there is a deep apical pit; the metathorax is

wholly different from that of Nomia ar izonensis, flying in

the same general region. The hind tarsi have long coarse

simple hairs. Clypeus smooth and shining, with scattered

punctures, large and very small ; mandibles bidentate ;

pubescence of “thorax above matted, cannot be described ;

hind margins of abdominal segments reddened ; ; apical plate

of abdomen round at apex, its surface concave, no sign of

any kee]. The palpi have never been examined. In the

venation, the character of the metathorax, the short flagel-

lum, &c., Panurgomia nearly agrees with Dasypoda, but the

latter has the apical plate of abdomen emarginate. On the

whole, I think Panurgomia will prove to be an American

representative of Dasypoda.

Dolichochile melittoides, Viereck.

T examined the female type in the U.S. National Museum.

Sides of face shining, without foveze; mandibles extremely

long, with a pair of little notches near the middle, the

interval between them forming a small tooth; venation

as in Melitta, with the characteristic third t.-c and poimted

marginal cell; area of metathorax granular, not defined ;

apical plate of abdomen pointed, strongly keeled. Melitta

americana has the keeled apical plate, but different meta-

thorax and mandibles. In the Asiatic M. altissima the

apical plate is not im the least keeled. Dolichochile isa

valid genus, close to Melitta.

Melitta (Brachycephalapis) californica, Viereck.

I examined the type female in U.S. National Museum.

No facial fovee; black hairs at extreme sides of face ;

Palzomachus anglicus and Palwophonus caledonicus. 673

middle of scutellum shining and impunctate; area of meta-

thorax triangular, plicate basally, and with a long median

plica (thus essentially as in Melitta altissima) ; anterior

basitarsi with dense orange-fulvous hair within, the other

basitarsi with the same, but redder on hind ones; third s.m.

shaped as in Dolicochile and Melitta americana; apical

plate of abdomen with basal half finely densely punctured

and with no keel. It is doubtful whether the subgenus

Brachycephalapis can be maintained; the insect really is

nearer to typical (European) Melit/a than is M. americana.

LXXV.— The Holotypes of the Fossil Scorpions Palseo-

machus anglicus and Paleeophonus caledonicus. By F. A.

BaATHER,

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

1. Paleomachus anglicus (H. Woodward).

Mr. R. I. Pocock (1911, Paleont. Soc. Monogr. Terrestrial

Carboniferous Arachnida, p. 16) has founded a new genus

of scorpions, Palwomachus, for the reception of Hoscorpius

anglicus, H. Woodward (1876, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soe.

vol. xxxil. p. 58), no similar species being known. Further,

Mr. Pocock has selected as the holotype of this species the

chela fiom the Coal-Measures of Skegby New Colliery, near

Mansfield, Notts, which was the original of Dr. Woodward’s

plate vill. figs. 3, 3a (op. cit.), and is preserved in the Geolo-

gical Department of the British Museum (regd. I. 994 a).

In relabelling and remounting this specimen for exhibition

I had the curiosity to compare it with the figures of those

two authors, but the matrix with which so much of the fossil

was still obscured, both in the relief and in the counterpart,

prevented me from recognizing the structures represented by

them. On clearing away the matrix—a delicate and lengthy

bnt not in other respects a difficult task—the whole outline

of the chela was brought to view, and proved very different

from that hitherto imagined.

The proximal segment preserved—the trochanter, with a

width of 4°6 mm. anda length of 3°2 mm.—is much more like

the same segment in Scorpio afer, as figured by Dr. H.

Woodward (tab. cit. fig. 4), than it is like that author’s

representation of it (fig. 38). Its posterior or outer portion

is marked by a deep wide groove (appearing as aridge in the

fossil).

674 Dr. F. A. Bather on Palezomachus anglicus

The second segment—the humerus,—which is very clearly

exposed, has a length of 9'4 mm. and a greatest width of

32mm. On the side of the segment next the observer is a

serrate or granular longitudinal crest, nearer to the anterior

than to the posterior margin, and dying away distally.

The chela of Paleomachus anglicus, drawn, with camera lucida, from the

two halves of the holotype (Brit. Mus. I. 994a) by Miss G. M.

Woodward. Where the outline is expressed by a dotted line, the

precise limits are not clear in the fossil. x 1} diam.

The third segment—the brachium—is not so clear in the

relief, but is better shown on the counterpart. Its length is

about 10 mm., its width about 3:3 mm. ‘There is a slight,

non-granular, longitudinal ridge, perhaps two, on the side

next the observer.

The hand has a length of 8:2 mm., measured from the

proximal joint to the groove between the two fingers; it has

a greatest width of 66 mm. ‘The outline is subquadrate,

tending to rhomboidal, with the lobe scarcely defined. The

outer portion, leading up to the movable finger, is separated

by a longitudinal depression from the main oval portion.

The fingers are long and slender. ‘The outer one appears

to have been the movable finger, and the articulation to the

hand ean be distinguished in the relief; the distal portion is

preserved only in the counterpart. The length of this finger

is 10°5 mm.; its width in the distal two-thirds does not

exceed 1'7 mm.; but at the proximal end is a projection (the

finger-lobe) on the inner side. The outer margin has a

sight convex curvature. Theinner or anterior finger, which

does not appear to have been movable, has a length of

8°7 mm.; its width in the distal two-thirds does not exceed

2mm.; but at the proximal end is a projection on the inner

side, as well as a knob, so that between the knob and the

projection lies a longitudinal groove, which may have received

the finger-lobe. The knob may, however, be merely a piece

of the matrix filling the exoskeleton of the finger, the rest of

and Paleophonus caledonicus. 675

the finger being preserved only as an imprint ; it is hard to

decide, for all these structures have been exposed by the

mechanical and chemical removal of matrix, and are therefore

not so clear as could be wished. The outer margin of the

fixed finger has a slight concave curvature, The distance

between the inner edges of the two fingers at their proximal

ends is about 2 mm., at their distal ends 6°55 mm. The

separation of the fingers at the base, the presence of a finger-

lobe, and the considerable width of the hand are characters

which, when taken together, suggest that this chela belonged

toamale. The relations of the fingers and of the keels seem

to indicate that it was the chela of the right side.

This description has been given in some detail, partly

becanse it was high time for the holotype of a genotype to

receive a description of some sort, partly because Mr. Pocock

in his classification lays great stress on the characters of the

chela, and in this particular instance says ‘‘ the species may

be distinguished at once from all other Carboniferous Scorpions

in which the chela is known by the shape and proportions of

the segments of this appendage.” Even if Mr. Pocock had

examined the specimen he could not have seen the shape and

proportions of the segments, because, like the Spanish fleet,

they were not yet in sight.

Since, moreover, Mr. Pocock admits the possibility of the

paratypes—the tails from Skegby (I. 9946) and Sandwell

Park (I. 5432)—belonging to a different species or even

genus, it must be on the ciaracters of the chela alone that he

founds his genus Palewomachus. Thliose characters he gives

as: ‘ Hand broad and oval, its width greatly exceeding that

of the brachium, its lengih exceeding that of the fingers,

which are short and in contact when closed, the length of the

immovable digit about equal to the width of the hand.”

This must now be altered as follows:—Hand broad, sub-

quadrate, twice as wide as brachium, shorter than fingers,

which are long and slender [and may or may not have been

in contact when closed], the movable finger being the longer

and one-quarter as long again as the hand.

It may be added that the toothed inner margin of the

fingers shown in the published figures is just as imaginary as

the rest of the outline. Whether the margins bore teeth or

no I cannot learn from the specimen, but I incline to think

that the outline must have been very much like that of the

fingers in Mr. Pocock’s figure of Anthracoscorpio dunlopi

(op. cit. p. 22).

It might be inferred from the previously published figures

that the fossil was meant to be represented as having the

movable finger on the inner or flexor side of the chela, thus

676 Paleomachus anglicus and Paleophonus caledonicus.

‘iffering from all other scorpions recent or extinct. Two

other interpretations, however, are conceivable: first, that

every segment of the limb was bent backwards into an

unnatural position so as to form areversed curve ; or, secondly,

that while the trochanter, humerus, and brachium retained

their natural positions, the hand was twisted round on its

wrist-joint. This last hypothesis, Mr. Pocock tells me, was

the one that came naturally to him, Fortunately neither

of these rather violent assumptions is now necessary. The

chela lies with all its segments in a natural position, and its

fingers are perfectly normal.

Reverting to the generic diagnosis, we find that the only

diagnostic character unaltered is the relative width of the

hand. Whether this possibly sexual character is alone enough

to substantiate an independent genus must be left to Mr.

Pocock to decide, for on these fossils I cannot speak as one

having authority. Indeed, had not Dr. W. ‘TT. Calman

brought his knowledge to check and confirm these observa-

tions and interpretations (a friendly help for which my hearty

thanks are tendered}, 1 should scarcely have ventured on

publication.

2. Palwophonus caledonicus, J. Hunter.

When writing the ‘Guide to the Fossil Invertebrate

Animals in the British Museum’ (1907), I came to the con-

clusion that the fossil described by Mr. Pocock as Palao-

phonus hunteri (Quart. Journ. Mier. Sci. 1901, p. 291) was

more properly to be called Palwophonus caledonicus, and

that name was used on page 90 of the ‘ Guide.? Mr. Pocock,

in his Monograph (p. 10), says he does “ not know where

Mr. Peach described it under that name.” The facts are

these :—Dr. John R. SS. Hunter discovered the specimen in

June 1883. In December 1884 he was led by Thorell and

Lindstrém’s publication of Palwephonus nuncius to announce

his discovery to the Edinburgh Geological Society; but the

paper in which the name Palaophonus caledonicus first

appeared was one read by him to the Geological Society of

Glasgow in May 1885, but not published till 1886 (Trans.

Geol. Soc. Glasgow, vol. viii. pp. 169-170). Meanwhile,

on 29th January, 1885, Mr. B. N. Peach had published a

figure and description of the fossil in ‘ Nature, though

without aname. Since the specimen was unique, there could

be no question but that Hunter’s name and Peach’s deserip-

tion referred to the same species. But any possible doubt or

objection was removed in 1887 by the publication of Hunter’s

Bibliographical Notices. 677

paper read in 1884 (Trans. Edinb. Geol. Soe. vol. v. pp. 185-

191): herein the name Pa/wophonus caledonicus was pretixed

to a description of the fossil and a comparison of it with

P, nuncius.

Of the two known Silurian scorpions the holotype of

Paleophonus nuncius alone remains, one of the most valuable

treasures of the Swedish State Museum. ‘The even more

remarkable specimen of Palwophonus caledonicus las perished,

with many another priceless type, in the ashes of Kilmarnock

Museum ; but fortunately we have the authoritative descrip-

tion by Mr. Pocock, which must be associated with the name

first given by Dr. Hunter.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

Figures and Descriptions of the Fishes of Japan, including Riukiu

Islands, Bonin Islands, Formosa, Kurile Islands, Korea, and

Southern Sakhalin. By Sutezno Tanaka, Instructor in Zoology,

Science College, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1911. Gr. 8vo.

Or this, the latest addition to Japanese zoological literature three

parts have appeared since April, each part consisting of one sheet of

letterpress and five lithographic plates. The text is written in

Japanese as well as English. No systematic sequence of the species

is adopted, the author being apparently guided in his selection by

the materials at his disposal, by the degree in which addition to

our knowledge of a species is desirable, or by other similar con-

siderations. ‘Thus in the three parts published he has treated of

twenty-four species from fresh water as well as from the littoral and

deep-sea fauna. ‘The descriptions are short, shorn of insignificant

detail, and, with the addition of the accompanying excellent figures,

perfectly sufficient.

The work will be of the greatest assistance to the student of

Japanese Fishes, whatever its limitation may be finally ; and we

trust that the author will be able to continue it to its completion

at a faster rate than he intends at present, viz. at the rate of six

parts annually.

British Freshwater Fishes. By C. Tarr Reean,

Methuen & Co.

Aneters and naturalists should be most grateful to Mr. Regan.

His book gives clear descriptions, lucid keys, and adequate figures

of all the species, and admirably epitomizes all that is sound in our

knowledge of their life-history. Classification, necessarily technical

in language, is restricted to what a systematist would require in

678 Bibliographical Notices.

informing himself of the affinities of a particular group, but the

general reader would probably have welcomed a diagram or two

elucidating the anatomical characters mentioned in the text; and

a little more detail explanatory of the method of counting scales

would have been useful, especially in such a critical case as that of

the scales between the adipose fin and lateral line of salmon and

trout. Mr, Regan must surely himself have been pestered by

people who seem unable to read this character for themselves.

Vernacular names are well chosen, and on the whole the scientific

nomenclature is reasonable, though a gem like Blicca bjoernka might

have been mitigated by the addition of a more familiar alias. It

might have been mentioned that ‘“ pink,” given on p. 41 as a name

for salmon parr, applies on some rivers in Ireland to the first silvery

stage of sea-trout. Readers of p. 28 may possibly infer that salmon

are generally capable of leaping a fall of 10 feet, whereas half that

height seems too much for most of them.

The treatment in Chapter IV. of the different forms of trout is

worth close attention, especially by readers who contemplate the

improvement of a fishery by the introduction of supposed fixed

species or races. Even sea-trout are held by Mr. Regan (no doubt

rightly) to be reinforced in nature by the offspring of brown trout

and vice versa.

The attention given to the chars is perhaps out of proportion to

the treatment accorded to other groups; but while the author does

not expect acceptance of all his views as to the specific value of the

distinctions which he draws between these interesting communities

of colonists, isolated by profound alteration of geographical con-

ditions, so full a summary of his recent investigations is certainly

welcome. Of great convenience will be the clues afforded to the

maze of Cyprinoid hybridization, and the concluding chapter on

geographical distribution is distinctly good. On the whole the

worst one can say of the book is that it contains no definite promise

of a companion volume or volumes on the sea fishes.

EK. W. L. H,

Zoological Address-Book.

A seconp edition of the ‘ Zoologisches Adressbuch’ has just been

issued for the German Zoological Society by Friedliinder and Sohn

for seventeen marks bound. It isa bulky volume of 1110 pages

and from the careful manner in which people were cireularized in

this country should be found of great service. Universities,

Academies, and Societies are included, and the number of names

listed reaches the astonishing total of 17,800, all drawn up

into one index at the end. Palwontologists are included. Errors

can be found; what book of this nature is free from them? and

such errors are frequently due to the indolence of those who receive

the circular and do not trouble to reply to it.

Geological Society. 679

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

April 5th, 1911.—Dr. C. W. Andrews, B.A., F.R.S.,

Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following communications were read :—

1. ‘ Trilobites from the Paradoxides Beds of Comley (Shrop-

shire).’ By Edgar Sterling Cobbold, F.G.S8. (with Notes on some

of the Associated Brachiopoda by Charles Alfred Matley, D.Sc.,

F.G.S.).

The Author describes and illustrates the type-specimens of

Paradoxides groomii Lapworth, 1891, and the associated trilobites

from the basement beds of the Middle Cambrian of Comley Quarry.

Among the latter there are two or three other species of Paradoxides,

represented by fragments insufficient for specific determination ;

also a species of Dorypyge, allied to D. oriens Grénwall, and one of

Conocoryphe allied to C. emarginata Linnarsson. He also describes

some of the trilobites from a higher horizon containing Paradowides

davidis Salter and P. rugulosus Corda; and notes on the brachiopoda

from this horizon are contributed by Dr. Matley.

A complete list of the trilobites hitherto identified from the local

Cambrian deposits is given, arranged under the following provisional

faunal groups :—

Minpie Camprian.

Davidis Fauna from the Shoot Rough Road Beds.

Groomti Fauna from the Quarry Ridge Grits.

Lower CamBriANn.

Protolenus-Callavia Fauna from the Grey and Olenellus

Limestones.

The Author draws attention to the great divergence between the

two last-named faunas, and also describes the recently exposed

evidence of the accompanying physical break between the Middle

and the Lower Cambrian beds of the locality: arguing from the

analogy afforded by American deposits that, if the Olenelli with

telson-like pygidia were ever present in Shropshire, their place

in the local series would be among the strata cut out by the

unconformity.

2. ‘The Stratigraphy and Tectonics of the Permian of Durham

(Northern Area).’ By David Woolacott, D.Sc., F.G.S.

The Permian strata of Durham and Northumberland lie uncon-

formably on a basin of the Coal Measures. They can be divided as

follows :—

630 Geological Society.

(4) Upper red beds with salt and thin fossiliferous Mag-

nesian Limestones (only exposed in the south of Durham).

oU0 feet.

(5) The Magnesian Limestone.

(a) Upper.

1. Yellow bedded limestone of Roker. 100 feet.

2. The concretionary limestone of Fulwell and Marsden—a series of

concretionary and non-concretionary limestones and marls, 150 to

250 feet.

3. The Flexible Limestone. 10 to 12 feet.

(b) Middle.

(1) Unbedded (as a rule), highly

fossiliferous (often) lime-

stone of Claxheugh, Tun- laced fossiliferous limestones

stall, ete. Forms a ridge fe of the northern end

| ( Bedded yellow, non -

| |

of high ground and reaches t the 4 of Marsden Bay and

| |

| (

a thickness of 3800 feet. the coast from Hendon

Often brecciated and en- to Seaham Harbour.

tirely changed in character Often highly brecciated.

—-rendered more calcareous 150 feet.

and fossils obliterated. J)

etc. Upper beds often disturbed. 40 to 200 feet.

(2) The Marl Slate. 3 feet.

(1) The Yellow Sands, from 0 to 150 feet.

These beds, which vary much in thickness, lie in North Durham

in the general form of a syncline beneath Sunderland.

The unfossiliferous Yellow Sands are probably a deltaic formation

reassorted by wind, the other beds being the result of deposition in

an inland sea undergoing desiccation. The magnesium carbonate

existed in the waters of the sea, and was either deposited along

with the calcium carbonate, or introduced by seepage when the beds

were being laid down.

Great changes in the amount and distribution of these carbonates

has, however, taken place since deposition. The cellular structures

that occur in the limestone can be classified as follows :—(1) Con-

cretionary-cellular; (2) negative breccia; (3) solution-cavities;

and (4) fractured cellular. Most of them have been produced by

the leaching-out of the magnesium carbonate (dedolomitization),

or of both that and calcium carbonate. In some cases the rock

has been rendered crystalline, as well as more calcareous, and the

fossils have been obliterated. They do not afford any proof that

the rock has been dolomitized subsequent to deposition. The per-

centage of calcium carbonate is sometimes over 99, while that of

magnesium carbonate is occasionally as much as 50.

The fauna of the Magnesian Limestone is very restricted (about

140 species) and most peculiarly distributed. The marked

paleontological features are the profusion of individuals in the

Middle Fossiliferous Limestone (which appears to have formed

Geological Society. 681

a shell-bank in the Middle Magnesian-Limestone sea), and their

sudden disappearance in the Upper Limestone. No corals,

echinoderms, polyzoa, brachiopods, or cephalopods have ever

been found above the top of the Middle Fossiliferous division:

only a few fishes, gastropods, lamellibranchs, entomostraca, and

foraminifera occurring in the Upper beds. The Lower and Middle

Fossiliferous Limestones are marked by the presence of Productus

horridus Sow. Fish-remains occur at two horizons: namely, the

Marl Slate and the Flexible Limestone, and the beds ahove these

deposits.

The Brecciated Beds, which occur at various horizons, chiefly

however in the two Middle divisions, constitute the most marked

tectonic feature of the Magnesian Limestone of the area. They have

been produced by thrusting, which brought about a decrease in the

lateral extension of the Permian. Associated with the breccias

are other proofs of thrusting: (1) Thrust or shear-planes ; (2) dis-

turbed and displaced masses of Lower Limestone; (3) intruded

breccias ; (4) slickensided and grooved, horizontal and vertical

surfaces ; (5) cleavage; (6) folding, both on a local and on a general

scale; (7) buckling, thickening, and squeezing-out of beds; (8) pha-

coidal and other structures ; and (9) fissuring. The main thrust

at Marsden appears to have acted from a few degrees south of east

to a few degrees north of west; there are, however, distinct evi-

dences of movement from other directions in different parts of the

district. Experiments made on the compressive strength of the

rocks affected by the thrust at Marsden, indicate that the thrusting

reached a maximum of about 300 tons per square foot. Observations

made by Mr. 8. R. Haselhurst, M.Sc., in the Cullercoats area seem

to prove that the thrusting occurred later than the post-Permian

movement of the Ninety-Fathom Dyke—some faulting in the area

is, however, later than the thrusting—-, and it appears evident that

the shattering of the strata was produced prior to the pre-Glacial

era of denudation. It may have been connected with the Miocene

moyements that produced such marked changes in the physiography

of Britain.

May 10th, 1911.—Prof. W. W. Watts, Sc.D., M.Sc., F.RS.,

President, in the Chair.

The following communications were read :—

1. ‘The Lower Carboniferous Succession in the North-West of

England.’ By Prof. E. J. Garwood, M.A., Sec.G.S.

The area dealt with includes the whole of Westmorland north and

west of the Dent Fault, together with North Lancashire to the

north of the Lune Valley # and the extreme northern corner of

Yorkshire, to the west of Middleton-in-Teesdale, is also included.

The following general succession has been established :—

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 45

682 Geological Society. -

Probable

Zones. Sub-zones. Bands. Bristol

Equivalents

Upper (?) etre SSS, t Botany Beds. D3.

Productus latissimus | ( Saccammina.

Middle and |

Dibunophyllum. we ice Wes: floriformis.

Girvanella.

Cyrtina septosa.

Daviesiella Di.

Liowar { Cyathophyllum

llangollensis.

Murchisoni.

Productus

corrugato- er un Upper

Cyrtina carbonaria.

Beps with Lithostrotion.

~ Lower { Gastropod Beds.

Clisiophyllum

Spiriferina et

S_keyserlingi. _

Michelinia megastoma.

{ Nematophyllum minus. { Bryozoa Bed. $2.

foe Daviesiella carinata.

, Camarophoria

Liower isorhyncha.

Spirifer

cf. furcatus.

Thysanophyllum

pseudo-

vermiculare. Cc).

(Upper Seminula gregaria. Rhynchonella

triplicata.

Productus

Athyris glabristria: globosus.

Eumetria proava.

Lower Solenopora. | Piracy

cleistoporoides.

Beps without Lithostrotion.

Y-

| Z.?

Basement Conglomerate.

Spirifer-pinskeyensis Beds.

The value of the different zonal indices selected is discussed and

their distribution over the area is described. It is shown that,

whereas the zonal indices chosen for the larger groups of beds are

often sporadically distributed in the zone, the bands form remarkably

reliable horizons, extending frequently over large areas.

The rocks are described under the following districts :—

Shap and Rayenstonedale.

Kendal and Kirkby Lonsdale. .

Arnside and Carnforth.

Grange and Furness District.

The Westmorland Pennines and Middleton-in-Teesdale.

Geological Society. 683

For purposes of detailed description, the Shap-Ravenstonedale

area is taken as the type, and the other districts are briefly com-

pared with it. Itis shown that in no one district is a complete

development of all the zones observed, and that it is only by

taking a broad survey of the whole area that the detailed faunal

‘sequence can be definitely established.' In the Shap area the

Michelinia-megastoma Zone is scarcely represented, while farther

west the fauna of this horizon is one of the richest in the whole of

the North-Western Province.

The changes in the fauna of certain zones, when traced over large

areas, often depend more on the lithological characters of the rocks

and their modes of deposition than on the introduction of new forms

at definite horizons: thus certain corals, such as Zaphrentis ennis-

killeni, which is found to be associated with argillaceous deposits,

characterize different horizons in different districts:

The deposits are shown to be for the most part of shallow-water

origin. The period of greatest submergence appears to have been

during the deposition of the Nematophyllum-minus Beds and the

Lower Dibunophyllum Beds.

The lowest deposits are characterized by highly magnesian

limestones; these appear to have been deposited under lagoon-

like conditions which encouraged the growth of calcareous alge,

especially Solenopora, and these in many places contribute largely

to the formation of the deposits. The majority of the limestones

throughout the series are rich in foraminifera, and the more shaly

layers in ostracods and bryozoa,

The silicification of the organisms at many horizons in the

sequence is discussed, and the conclusion is arrived at, that both

silicification and dolomitization of the limestones were practically

contemporaneous with the deposits in which they occur. ‘The

presence of spotted and ‘brecciated’ limestones is shown to be

pea it, of the upper portion of the Lower Dibunophyllum

one.

The movements which have affected the rocks in the Arnside

district have been the result of nearly horizontal thrusts, and

it is shown by means of zoning that the beds have, in places,

been inyerted and are dipping at over 120°.

The paleontological divisions here described are correlated with

their probable equivalents in the Bristol area; but no exact com-

parison has been found possible in the case of the lowest beds,

which occur in Pinskey Gill.

In the paleontological portion of the paper several new species

of corals and one new genus are described, and the affinities of

seyeral corals and brachiopods are discussed.

1 Thus the lowest zones are practically absent from the Cross Fell area, since

the base of the Melmerby Scar Limestone represents an horizon high up in the

Nematophyllum sub-zone: showing that the complete submergence of this

district did not take place until long after that of the area farther to the west.

684 Geological Sociery.

2. «The Faunal and Lithological Sequence in the Carboniferous

Limestone (Avonian) of Burrington Combe, Somerset.’ By Prof.

Sidney Hugh Reynolds, M.A., F.G.S., and Arthur Vaughan, M.A.,

D.Se., F.G.S.

Lithology.—The series is almost continuously calcareous from

the base of Z to D,, where the section ends; the K beds are, to a

large extent, shales. Crinoids are the prevalent limestone-builders

throughout K, Z, and C, ; in C, the rock is largely of the coarsely

crinoidal type known as petit granit by the Belgian geologists.

A band of coarse oolite occurs in the upper part of K, ; but,

apart from this, no oolite is met with until the top of C, is reached.

C, and §, are very largely oolitic, conspicuous white oolite pre-

yvailing at the top of C,. There is much oolite in the upper part

of §,.

An important pointis the prominent part played by foraminifera,

which are the principal limestone-builders in C,,8,, and much of §.,.

Many of the oolitic limestones are foraminiferal; but, especially

in C,, there is much limestone abounding in foraminifera though

not oolitic.

In the upper part of §,, peculiar concretionary limestones, showing

imperfect ‘ Cotham-Marble’ structure, occur; but these are not so

prominent as in other parts of the South-Western Province.

The Burrington section agrees with the other sections in the

South-Western Province, in showing dolomitization in the upper

C, beds. A strong development of chert occurs at three levels—

S,, y, and Z,.

Paleontology.—The paleontological portion includes notes on

several early mutations of well-known Carboniferous gentes, and

deals, in detail, with the megastomatid Michelinias and the large

Caninias (C. patula and C. cylindrica). The essential similarity

of developmental stages in vesicular structures in widely distinct

groups of corals is illustrated in the cases of Caninia cylindrica and

Lonsdalia floriformis.

The early Syringothyroid stage in the Carboniferous ‘ Spiriferinas,’

a stage not observable in the Liassic type-species, is described, and

the generic designation of Syringothyris laminosa is discussed.

A section is devoted toa comparison of the deposits at Burrington

Combe with those at other points of the Belgian and South-Western

Provinces. The great variability of deposit during the Mid-Ayonian

Period is emphasized, and the rapidity of accumulation of beds of

crinoidal débris is compared with the slow growth of dolomitie

limestone at that time.

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

(EIGHTH SERIES. |

No. 48. DECEMBER 1911,

LXXVI.—Notes on the Coleopterous Family Pselaphide of

the Group Euplectini of New Zealand, with Descriptions of

Two new Genera and Twelve Species. By Major T. Broun,

F.E.S.

Tus group of the Pselaphide, according to the catalogue

issued in February last by Herr Junk, of Berlin, consisted

then of 128 genera, 13 of which occur in New Zealand. To

these I now add two more, Alloplectus and Kenocelus, which

latter is a very curious insect. ‘Two of these genera were

described by Dr. Sharp, one by Mr. Leach, eight by M. Raf-

fray, and the others by myself.

In that catalogue sixty-eight New-Zealand species are

recorded ; four of these are Dr. Sharp’s, seven are Herr

Reitter’s, and fifty-seven are mine; so that the twelve

described in this paper make a total of eighty. Besides

these, the descriptions of twelve more new species of mine

await publication by the New Zealand Institute, and M. Raf-

fray sent to me for inspection seven species, formerly part of

Herr Reitter’s collection, which, with a single exception,

differ more or less from any in my cabinet, and will there-

fore form a further addition to our list of the Euplectini.

Considering the number of recorded genera and species,

and the fact that a species measuring 2 mm. in length by

3 in breadth is a comparatively large one, it must be evident

that the manipulation and study of such minute insects of

Ann. & Mag N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 46

686 Major T. Broun on new

complex structure are very far from being easily accom-

plished even by expert entomologists.

As a rule, the species are not so rare as those of our

Faronini; nearly all frequent heaps of decaying leaves in

the forests, and are seldom found over wide areas.

T. Broun.

Mount Albert,

Auckland, N.Z.,

8th August, 1911.

List of new Species.

3376. Euplectopsis granulatus. 3082. Zealandius raffrayi.

3977. $ fastigiatus. | 3s 3383. 7 illustris,

3378. ; mucronellus, | 3384. a fulgens.

3379. mn tumidus. | 8385. Alloplectus picipennis.

3380. Vidamus trochanteralis. | 3386. iY subezecus.

hie) armiferus. | 8887. Kenoccelus dimorphus.

EuP.ecropsis, Raffray.

(Genera des Pselaphidee, p. 82.)

3376. Euplectopsis granulatus, sp. n.

Robust, elongate-oblong, slightly convex ; head and thorax

subopaque, and, like the hind body, fusco-rufous, elytra

fulvo-rufous, legs and antenne red, tarsi and palpi testa-

ceous; pubescence rather scanty on the head and thorax,

more conspicuous on the abdomen than on the elytra, the

outstanding slender sete rather numerous.

Head smaller than the thorax, widest in line with the

moderately large eyes, obliquely narrowed behind; the

shallow frontal ‘depr ession is not quite smooth and is furcate

towards the eyes, but there are no perceptible fovex; it is

punctate-granulose. Thorax of about equal length and

breadth, rather wider before the middle than elsewhere,

rounded there, a good deal narrowed anteriorly, so that its

apex is much narrower than the back of the head ; median

sulcus rather indistinct and ending in the small mesial basal

impression, the lateral foveze shallow, each with a linear

prolongation towards the front; the middle of the base and

the front are not quite smooth, the rest of its surface is

covered with granules, each of these has a small puncture in

it. Zlytra subquadrate, with somewhat rounded shoulders ;

they are rather longer and broader than the thorax and are

only indistinctly and finely punctate; the sutural striw are

deep and, like the short intra- humeral impression on each,

are broad and foveiform at the base. Vind body almost as

Species of Pselaphide from New Zealund. 687

broad as but shorter than the elytra, the basal two segments

are horizontal and about equal, the first has a well-marked

transverse basal impression, the second is similarly though

less deeply impressed, the third is as long as the second in

the middle but on a lower plane, the others are deflexed.

_ Legs only moderately stout; the anterior femora, however,

are more incrassate than the other pairs; all the tibia are

straight inwardly, but arcuate externally.

Antenne robust, rather short, and bearing rather elongate

pubescence ; the exposed portion of the basal joint is slightly

thicker, but not at all longer than the quadrate second ;

joints 3-6 are short and transverse, the fifth and sixth are

slightly broader than the fourth; the seventh and eighth are

strongly transverse and unsymmetrical, being a little pro-

longed inwardly and broader than the sixth; the ninth and

tenth are nearly twice as large as the eighth and are also

strongly transverse and unsymmetrical; eleventh conical,

largest, as broad as the tenth, not acuminate.

Underside shining. Head finely granulate, without fovec.

Prosternum longitudinally carinate. Basal ventral segment

short and thickly pubescent, 2-4 equal, fifth shorter and very

slightly incurved, sixth as long as the fifth, incurved behind,

seventh broadly conical.

Undoubtedly a near ally of Z. antennalis, 3205, but readily

distinguishable therefrom by the subopaque head and thorax,

feebly impressed dorsal thoracic impressions but obvious

granular sculpture, thick unsymmetrical antenne, &c,

6+ Length 13; breadth 3 mm.

Erua, elevation 2400 feet. A single male found amongst

decaying leaves on the 2nd February, 1911.

3377. Eupleetopsis fastigiatus, sp. n.

Glossy, sanguineous ; elytra and legs of a lighter red, tarsi

and palpi flavescent ; pubescence yellowish grey, conspicuous

and mingled with erect hairs on the abdomen ; body slightly

convex, narrowed anteriorly, the elytra and hind body together

oblong and subparallel.

Head rather elongate, not as broad as the thorax, with very

’ prominent eyes, very slightly narrowed behind these, with

obtuse angles, antennal tubercles somewhat elevated and

moderately distant; nearly smooth and flat in the middle,

elsewhere a little uneven and coarsely punctate, but without

definite fovee. Thorax nearly a third longer than broad,

oviform, widest near the middle, a good deal narrowed

towards the front, smooth; from near the apex a linear

46*

688 Major T. Broun on new

groove with subcarinate edges extends into and divides the

broad, deep, semicircular, basal fossa, and is prolonged as a

carina to the basal margin; lateral foveee deep and prolonged

forwards as distinct grooves, between these and the median

groove the surface is somewhat ridged longitudinally towards

the base. lytra subquadrate, slightly longer and evidently

broader than the therax, slightly curvedly narrowed at the

shoulders ; sutural strize deep, broad, and distinctly fovei-

form at the base; dorsal impressions short, broad, and deep.

find body with deflexed apical segments, so as to seem

shorter than the elytra; first segment with a fine carina at

each side of the feeble median impression at the base, second

horizontal and about as Jong as the first.

Femora robust, the posterior much less so ; the intermediate

tibizee gradually yet considerably expanded towards the extre-

mity, which is deeply notched.

Antenne shorter than the head and thorax, moderately

slender, with the terminal joints almost forming a triarticulate

club; second joint quite oblong and rather longer than the

exposed portion of the basal one, third rather longer than

broad, obconical, much smaller than second; joints 4-8 sub-

moniliform, small, broader than long, fifth and seventh

slightly larger than adjacent ones; ninth subquadrate, twice

as large as its predecessor and longer than the transverse

tenth, the terminal conical and subacuminate, as long as the

preceding two combined.

Male.—Metasternum broadly impressed. Basal ventral

segment covered by the femora, ciliate behind, 2-4 equal,

fifth widely incurved, the middle hardly more than half the

length of the fourth; sixth longer than fifth, widely, deeply,

and angularly emarginate; seventh also large and broad.

The male of H. carinatus, 3204, has the sides and base of

the thorax rather coarsely punctate, but the basal fossa is not

so deep ; the legs are evidently thicker, and the middle tibize

are not only thicker but also shorter and less deeply notched

at the extremity ; the anterior tibie have along the inside

near the apex a fri inge of yellow pubescence which is lacking

in this species, and the insect itself is smaller. 2. schizo-

cnemis, 3203, may be distinguished by the coloration, even

and less deeply marked thorax, without the least sign of

longitudinal ridging; the elytra are gradually narrowed

from near their apices to the base and their strie are not so

deep ; the thighs are much stouter, the intermediate tibize are

broader, the apical excision is larger and the outer angle

more prolonged, and the head is only obsoletely punctured.

gd. Length 2; breadth $ mm.

Species of Pselaphide from New Zealand. 689

Mount Pirongia, December 1909. I found a single male

only,

3378. Euplectopsis mucronellus, sp. n.

Elongate, moderately narrow, slightly convex, shining ,

castaneo-rufous, tarsi and palpi fulvescent; the clothing

greyish, rather short, and thinly distributed.

Head much smaller than the thorax, nearly straight behind

the rather small and hardly at all prominent eyes, slightly

narrowed anteriorly, antennal tubercles somewhat flattened

backwards; the fovee not sharply defined, prolonged and

convergent in front; there are no perceptible punctures.

Thorax subovitorm, rather longer than broad, gently rounded

and slightly broader before the middle; dorsal sulcus narrow,

extending from before the middle to the moderately deep

but not broad semicircular basal fossa; lateral foves deep,

subrotundate, rather large, but not distinetly prolonged

anteriorly, the antebasal transverse impression normal,

Elytra a third longer than the thorax, oblong, only slightly

narrowed near the base; sutural strie deep, punctiform at

the base, with a distinct basal puncture alongside each ; dorsal

impressions rather short, broad, and deep at the base. Sind

body almost as broad as but rather shorter than the elytra, its

basal three segments equal.

Legs elongate and moderately slender, the intermediate

tibiz gently arched externally and minutely prominent at the

inuer extremity,

Antenne shorter than the head and thorax, moderately

slcnder, their second joint fully as long as the visible portion

of the thicker basal one; third smaller, rather longer than

broad, gradually narrowed towards its base; joints 4-8

small, each about as long as broad, seventh very slightly

longer; ninth subquadrate, a little larger than preceding

ones ; tenth transverse, moniliform, but little broader than

ninth ; the terminal conical and acuminate, as long as the

preceding two united,

Underside chestuut-red, with grey pubescence. Meta-

sternum unimpressed. Ventral segments 2-4 equal, fifth

widely incurved, not quite as long as the fourth in the middle,

sixth more deeply incurved, seventh broad, as long as the

penultimate,

After a careful comparison with Reitter’s types, I fail to

find one that accords with this species ; the nearest, but only

so far as the middle tibiz are concerned, is E. microcephalus.

An undescribed species, now in possession of M. Raffray, is

690 Major T. Broun on new

very closely allied, but joints 5-7 of the antenne are oblong-

oval and the head is slightly broader.

do. Length 1% ; breadth } mm.

Southland. A single individual from Mr. A. Philpott.

3379, Huplectopsis tumidus, sp. 0.

Shining, somewhat convex, moderately elongate; san-

guineous or rufo-castaneous, rather variable; legs and an-

tennze paler, tarsi and palpi fulvescent ; pubescence yellowish,

rather short and more or less curled, the hind body with a

few long erect hairs,

Head rather smaller than the thorax, slightly rounded

behind the rather small medially situated eyes; antennal

tubercles distant and subrotundate, not prominent; the surface

distinctly and near the sides closely punctate, the rounded

foveze not very deep or sharply defined, and more or less con-

fluent with the frontal impression. Thorax cordiform, about

as long as broad, indistinctly punctate; the median furrow

deep and broad, extending from the front to the deep, sub-

quadrate, basal fossa ; the lateral fovez large, but becoming

linear towards the apex, with a thin transverse impression

uniting them with the central fossa. Llytra slightly broader

than long, evidently larger than the thorax, curvedly nar-

rowed near the base; sutural strize well marked, deeper and

foveate at the base, the dorsal ones also deep and broad, but

becoming shallow before the middle. Hind body shorter than

the elytra, its first segment horizontal, broadly medially im-

pressed at the base, the others gradually deflexed. Legs

simple, tibiee nearly straight.

Antenne shorter than the head and thorax, rather slender,

finely and scantily pubescent; basal joint red, slightly

longer than the oblong-oval second; joints 3-9 hardly differ,

all subglobular and small; tenth transverse, evidently

broader than the preceding ones; eleventh a little broader

than tenth at the base, conical and distinctly acuminate, and,

including the narrow apical appendage, as long as the pre-

ceding four combined.

Male.— Underside fusco-rufous, very thinly clothed; the

head with elongate erect sets, relatively coarsely punctate,

with a slender frontal carina and a large depression at the

base. Prosternum with a fine carina along the middle.

Abdomen rather longer than the convex metasternum ; basal

segment covered by the femora, second rather large, broadly

medially emarginate at the apex, much swollen outwardly ;

third, in front, with a deep sinuosity at each side of the

Species of Pselaphide jrom New Zealand. 691

median angular prominence; fourth and fifth very short in

the middle, together shorter than the third; sixth slightly

longer than fifth, widely yet slightly incurved, seventh rather

Jonger, transverse, rounded.

Female. — Basal dorsal segment similarly impressed ;

second ventral segment slightly longer than third, the next

two, singly, a little shorter than the third; sixth curvi-

linearly triangular, about as long as the preceding two

combined.

‘The form and sculpture of the head and thorax, the elon-

gate and very acuminate terminal joint of the antenna, in

conjunction with the remarkable second and third ventral

segments of the male, distinguish this species. It is entirely

different from the more cylindrical series, such as L. par-

vulus, 2727, and Reitter’s HZ. mécrocephalus. It must be

placed at the end of the genus, as the deep thoracic sculpture

closely resembles that of Raffray’s Plectomorphus.

Length 13; breadth nearly § mm.

Erua, January 1910 ; Waimarino, and also found amongst

Jeaf-mould sent tome from Makatote by Mr. W.S. Guinness.

About a dozen specimens of this somewhat variable species.

Vipamus, Raffray.

(Genera des Pselaphidz, p, 89.)

3380. Vidamus trochanteralis, sp. n.

Shining, castaneo-rufous, sometimes much paler, antennz

and legs fulvescent; the clothing rather elongate and con-

spicuous on the hinder parts, and mingled with a few erect

slender setze.

Head large, a'good deal rounded behind the prominent

eyes, not definitely punctate; the fovee large but not very

deep, on about the same plane and continuous with the de-

pressed frontal portion. Z'horav hardly wider than the head

at or just before the middle, much narrowed anteriorly, a

little longer than broad, the dise smooth ; basal median fossa

somewhat angulate, the transversal linear impression between

it and the large lateral foveze sometimes indistinct, the basal

margin indistinctly tripunctate. Hlytra about as long as

broad, wider than thorax at the base, still more so behind,

and obviously longer than that is; sutural strize well marked

throughout and punctiform at the base, intrahumeral striae

deep but short ; between these strize on each elytron there is

a distinct basal puncture. J/ind body rather narrower than

the elytra, the basal visible three segments almost equal.

692 Major T. Broun on new

Legs moderately elongate and slender, tibi nearly straight ;

the middle pair gradually but not strongly incrassate towards

the extremity and armed on the inside with a calcar-like

process which is directed backwards but does not attain the

apex.

Antenne moderately elongate and bearing long slender

hairs ; first joint stouter, yet not much longer than second ;

joints 3, 5, and 7 oblong, sixth and eighth smaller than

adjacent ones, tenth distinctly larger than ninth, both sub-

uadrate, eleventh as long as the preceding two united,

conical and subacuminate.

Underside with greyish pubescence. Prosternum not

earinate. AMetasternum transversely convex, but impressed or

flattened in the middle. Basal ventral segment partly con-

cealed by the femora; segments 2—4 gradually decrease in

length, fifth still shorter and slightly medially incurved

behind; sixth rather ill-defined, in the middle about the

length of the third, sinuate at each side; seventh conical.

‘The intermediate trochanters are spined.

Female.—Sixth segment large, punctate, and broadly

triangular.

In one male the true basal dorsal segment is quite exposed

and nearly covered with minute brassy squame, in all the

others this segment is entirely concealed.

g. Differentiated from V. calearatus, 3210, by the smaller

size, manifestly more slender legs, far less distinct armature

of the intermediate tibize, narrower thorax, and_ spined

trochanters.

Length 2; breadth quite } mm.

Erua and Waimarino, elevation 2400-2700 feet, January

1911:

I secured a dozen specimens ; some slight variations occur

amongst them, but the male characters seem to be constant,

3381, Vidamus armiferus, sp. n.

Slender, elongate, depressed, nitid ; fuseo-rufous, head and

thorax of a lighter hue, legs and antenne fusco-testaceous,

pubescence greyish ; more or less finely punetate, the abdo-

men most distinctly.

Head as large as the thorax, slightly rounded behind the

small eyes, gradually narrowed anteriorly ; interocular fovew

well marked, but somewhat indistinctly prolonged and con-

vergent in front. Zhoraa rather longer than broad, oviform ;

Jateral foveee rotundate, basal fossa small, angular, and trans-

verse, with a median groove extending from it to the base,

Species of Pselaphidee from New Zealand. 693

the usual antebasal impression is distinct. Zlytra oblong,

rather longer and broader than the thorax, moderately nar-

rowed near the base; sutural striz broad, foveiform at the

base, intrahumeral impressions foveiform, short, but not deep.

Hind body much shorter than the elytra, finely yet quite

perceptibly punctured ; second segment almost as long as the

first, longitudinally subcarinate in the middle, and somewhat

impressed towards the sides ; the third as long as the first in

the middle, broadly rounded there at the apex.

Legs proportionally moderately stout, the intermediate

tibie armed with a distinct calcar at the inner extremity.

Antenne almost as long as the head and thorax, second

joint oviform and nearly as large as the basal one ; joints 8-8

moniliform, the fourth, sixth, and eighth equally small, fifth

and seventh very slightly broader; ninth and tenth trans-

verse, the former distinctly broader than the eighth, but not

quite as broad as the tenth; the terminal large, conical and

subacuminate, and as long as the preceding three united.

The following are distinctive features:—The slender

form, infuscate surface, the armature of the intermediate

tibie, and medially subcarinate second dorsal segment.

V. spinipes, 3048, is a larger stoutly built insect, with a

spine between the middle and inner apex of the middle tibia,

and its thorax is cordate.

3. Length 13; breadth 4 mm.

Greymouth. One damaged specimen from Mr, J. H.

Lewis.

ZEALANDIUS, Raffray.

(Genera des Pselaphide, p, 111.)

3382. Zealandius raffray?, sp. n.

Shining, dark rufous; legs and antenne paler, tarsi and

palpi obscurely fulvescent ; pubescence pale brassy, decum-

bent, rather short and thick, but, on the thorax particularly,

mingled with very slender hairs; along the sides and on the

hind body there are a few outstanding sete.

Head large, not quite the breadth of the thorax, narrowed

in front of the small coarsely facetted eyes; gene nearly

straight, with obtuse hind angles; occipital foves rather

large yet not distinctly prolonged forwards, the interantennal

portion a little depressed and less evidently punctate than the

sides or vertex. Yhoraw ot nearly equal length and breadth,

rounded and widest before the middle; its punctuation irre-

gular, rather indistinct on the disc, but closer and coarser

694 Major T. Broun on new

near the base; median groove broad and deep, extending

almost from the apex into the large basal depression, which,

however, is not distinctly united to the large lateral fovez.

Elytra about as long as broad, more or less narrowed towards

the shoulders, rather finely and distantly but not very defi-

nitely punctured; the sutural and dorsal striez are broad,

with subcarinate intervals. Hind body as broad as the

elytra, indistinctly punctate ; third segment in the middle

slightly longer than the second or first, the others deflexed

and attenuate.

Legs stout and elongate, front and middle femora stouter

than the posterior ; intermediate tibize distinctly curved and

thicker than the others, notched at the extremity, the outer

angle somewhat prolonged, the inner prominent but not

exactly calcarate ; the extremity of the anterior is of nearly

similar structure, but less distinctly so.

Antenne nearly as long as the head and thorax, basal

joint red, punctate, cylindrical; second ovate-oblong, not

quite so thick as the first, but as long as the third and fourth

combined ; fifth slightly longer than adjacent ones, eighth

moniliform, evidently smaller than the ninth or seventh, the

tenth distinctly broader than its predecessor, narrowed

apically, the terminal large, conical, and acuminate.

Underside shining, the pubescence rather more conspicuous

on the middle of the second and sides of the last segments.

Prosternum longitudinally carinate in front. Metasternum

with a large median impression and a short, thick, longitu-

dinal carina at its base. Basal ventral segment concealed

by the femora, segments 3-5 nearly equal, sixth rather

longer than fifth, medially arcuate-emarginate, the operculum

of the seventh oblong and in some lights appearing foveate

or impressed at each side. Intermediate trochanters sub-

triangular and distinctly spined; the posterior prominent,

with a rather thick process, not a spine, situated behind and

close to the coxe.

Female.—Very similar. Head rather more distinctly

punctured. Joints 6 and 8 of the antenne rather smaller

than the contiguous ones, as is sometimes the case in the

other sex, 3-5 also vary a little, being either bead-like or

obconical.

The type of the genus, Z. obscurus, 2478, is a very different

insect, being subopaque, much smaller, with rather dense

distinct punctation, but rather feeble thoracic impressions.

Length 2; breadth quite } mm.

Erua, elevation 2400 feet. Both sexes found by me in

Species of Pselaphide from New Zealand. 695

January 1911, and a male found amongst decaying leaves

collected by Mr. W. J. Guinness near Mount Ngauruhoe.

This, the finest species of the genus, is named in honour of

M. Achilles Raffray, who has spent the best of his lifetime

in studying the Pselaphidee.

3383. Zealandius illustris, sp. n.

Nitid, slightly convex, castaneo-rufous; antennz, palpi,

and legs fulvescent ; pubescence short, pale yellowish, very

scanty on the head and thorax, and with a few upright elon-

gate hairs on the hind body.

Head rather elongate, not as broad as the thorax, slightly

narrowed behind the small convex eyes; relatively coarsely

and irregularly but not closely punctured, its surface never-

theless is quite shining ; interocular fovez small, not sharply

defined, and only very indistinctly prolonged forwards, the

interantennal portion depressed. Thorax of about equal

length and breadth, widest before the middle, rounded there,

much narrowed anteriorly; its punctation like that of the

head, but more distant and shallow on the disc and nearly

obsolete in front; lateral fovese subrotundate, median sulcus

rather broad, almost touching the front and dividing the

transverse basal impression. Liytra suboblong, gradually

narrowed towards the shoulders, without visible punctation ;

sutural and dorsal strie broad, deep at the base, the dorsal

becoming shallow near the apices, the lateral indistinct,

with subcarinate interstices; the extremity of each elytron,

near the side, is slightly raised, but not tuberculate. Hind

body as broad as the elytra, apparently impunctate, its basal

three segments almost equal, the first with an indefinite

median transverse impression at the base.

Antenne moderately elongate, finely pubescent; basal

joint rufescent, stout, cylindric, the next oblong-oval, more

slender, and rather shorter; third and fourth obconical,

rather small, fifth oblong-oval, seventh rather longer than

the subquadrate sixth or eighth, the ninth evidently larger

than the eighth but not as broad as the transverse tenth; the

terminal large, about as long as the preceding two together,

conical] and distinctly acuminate.

Legs moderately elongate, femora stout; the intermediate

tibie thicker than the others, abruptly narrowed at the extre-

mity, so that near that point on the inside there is an angu-

lation or obtuse calear; the anterior are similarly but much

less distinctly angulate near the apex.

€96 Major T. Broun on new

Underside finely and irregularly punctate and pubescent.

Head with a well-marked basal fovea and a fine longitudinal

carina in front. Prosternum finely carinate along the

middle. Metasternum with a large median fovea. Ventral

segments 2-4 very short in the middle, fifth excessively

reduced in length, almost linear; the sixth in the middle as

long as the preceding three conjointly, with a large central

impression, the terminal as long as the sixth but narrower.

Posterior coxe prominent, the trochanters subtriangular and

acutely produced or medially spiniform behind.

The foveate metasternum and penultimate ventral segment,

the spiniform posterior trochanters, abbreviated basal ventral

segments, and the structure of the middie pair of tibie are

good distinguishing characters.

d. Length 14; breadth $ mm.

Mount Pirongia, December 1909. A single male is all I

could find.

3384. Zealandius fulgens, sp. n.

Subdepressed, moderately broad, quite glossy; castaneo-

rufous, legs and antenne somewhat fulvescent, tarsi and palpi

testaceous ; pubescence yellowish grey; the punctation

obsolete.

Female.—Head as large as the thorax, gradually narrowed

before the minute eyes, feebly rounded behind them, with

obtuse hind angles, its sculpture rendered indistinct by the

pubescence; the foveee moderate, not deeply prolonged ante-

riorly, antennal tubercles small and distant. Thorax broadly

cordate, median groove rather deep and broad, extending

from the front to the deep, angular, basal fossa; lateral fovez

deep and subrotundate, not distinctly united to the central

fossa; the sides in front of them appear swollen. L£lytra

nearly a third longer than the thorax, a little broader than

they are long, gradually narrowed towards the base, with

rounded shoulders ; the sutural and dorsal striw broad, deep

near the base, rather shallow near the apices, the intervals

convex, lateral striz indefinite. J/ind body as long as the

elytra, basal three segments equal, the others detlexed.

Antenne hardly as long as the head and thorax, mode-

rately stout; basal joint rufous, cylindric, its length nearly

double the breadth, second oblong-oval, much shorter than

the first but as thick, third small and obconical ; joints 4-3

small and moniliform, the fifth and seventh only slightly

larger; ninth rather broader than eighth, but not as large as

Species of Pselaphide from New Zealand. 697

the transverse tenth ; the terminal large, conical, and acumi-

nate, about as long as the preceding three combined.

Male.— Underside shining chestnut-red, with fine yellowish

pubescence. Head foveate behind. Prosternum rather

short, carinate along the middle. Metasternum with a sub-

rotundate depression. Intermediate and posterior trochanters

spined. Abdomen with segments 2-6 decreasing in length,

the second medially convex and with a linear impression

towards each side, the frontal suture of the third open and

rather deep, with a small central depression within it; sixth

slightly shorter than fifth, widely emarginate, the supple-

mentary obtusely triangular.

The male characters of the North Island Z. raffrayi and

Z. illustris are sufficiently distinctive. The female is

obviously more glossy, broader, and with thicker legs than

the same sex of Z. usitatus, 3050, from Broken River. The

head is broader behind the eyes. The thorax is evidently

broader, with much deeper impressions, and the elytral striz

are deeper. The antenne are longer and stouter, with larger

tenth and eleventh joints.

Length 2 ; breadth 2 mm.

Greymouth. Two specimens from Mr. J. H. Lewis, the

male unfortunately without the middle pair of legs,

ALLOPLECTUS, gen. nov.

Body moderately elongate, subdepressed. Head shorter

than the thorax, as broad in line with the eyes, obliquely

narrowed anteriorly, genze nearly straight, with obtuse angles ;

bifoveate in line with the front of the eyes, and with a

median groove behind. yes rather large but only slightly

convex, situated just behind the middle, extending down-

wards and occupying a larger space underneath than above.

Antennal tubercles small, moderately elevated, subcontiguous,

Thorax longer than broad, rounded, and slightly wider before

the middle than at the base ; without discoidal impressions,

but with a well-marked linear impression in front of the

base uniting with the elongate lateral foveee. Elytra oblong,

about twice the length of the thorax, slightly narrowed

towards the base ; sutural striae deep, punctitorm at the base,

the dersal also deep but only moderately elongate. Hind

body much shorter than the elytra, the basal three visible

segments margined, the first rather longer than the second,

horizontal, the others deflexed, but not abruptly.

698 Major T. Broun on new

Tarsi with single claws, basal joint of the posterior small,

the next thick and nearly twice the length of the third.

Maxillary palpi small, first joint invisible, second elongate

and slightly curved, third globular, fourth fusiform, An-

tenne rather distant at the base, the exposed portion of the

basal joint scarcely longer than broad, second as stout, ovi-

form ; joints 3-8 small and moniliform, eighth rather shorter

than seventh; the ninth very short, slightly broader than the

preceding, tenth strongly transverse, nearly double the width

of the ninth; terminal large, as broad as the penultimate,

as long as joints 7-10 combined, conical and acuminate, and

bearing very slender elongate pubescence.

Male.—Prosternum not carinate. Metasternum elongate,

convex, with a median impression behind. Abdomen with

the basal segment covered by the femora, bearing elongate

pubescence behind; segments 2-5 gradually decrease in

length, fifth slightly but widely incurved behind ; sixth

nearly twice the length of the fifth, deeply and somewhat

angularly emarginate at the extremity; seventh distinct,

subrotundate, with a slight median fissure or groove along its

hinder portion.

The male characters are derived from a specimen found at

Tarukenga, near Rotorua ; the other part of the description

from the original specimen obtained at Maketu, Hunua

Range.

This genus is instituted for the more systematic location of

my Luplectus claviger, 2483, which in 1893 I placed by

itself as the exponent of a new genus in Section VIII. of the

New Zealand Euplectini (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6,

vol. xv. p. 71). A third individual having been found, I

sent it to M. Ach. Raffray, who confirms my opinion, and

states that this new genus comes near his Luplectodina,

which occurs at Siam and Java.

3385. Alloplectus picipennis, sp. n.

Subdepressed, elongate, narrow, glossy ; light chestnut-red,

elytra somewhat piceous, legs and antenne testaceous ;

pubescence decumbent, greyish, scanty on the head and

thorax.

Head shorter than the thorax, nearly as broad, with

rounded hind angles; bifoveate in line with the front of the

rather large eyes, and with an indistinct longitudinal stria

behind. Thorax only slightly longer than broad, oviform,

rounded and widest at the middle, more narrowed towards

the front than behind ; with a transverse impression near the

SS Se

Species of Pselaphide from New Zealand. 699

base connecting the small, shallow, subrotundate lateral foves

with the small punctiform central one. Zlytra_ oblong,

rather broader and obviously longer than the thorax ; with

well-marked sutural striae, which are foveiform at the base, as

are the distinct, moderately elongate, dorsal impressions.

Hind body as broad as the elytra, but quite a third shorter,

segments 3-5 deflexed, the second as long as the first, the

latter slightly medially impressed at the base.

Antenne scarcely as long as the head and thorax, second

joint nearly oviform, hardly longer than broad, as large as

the visible portion of the first; the others, including the large

distinctly pubescent terminal one, similar to those of

A, claviger.

This species may be recognized at once by the dark, elon-

gate, glossy elytra, impressed basal dorsal segment, and

shorter antenne. <A. claviger is of an almost uniform light

chestnut-red, and is without any perceptible central fovea in

the transverse depression of the thorax,

Length quite 1; breadth 4 mm.

Howick, near Auckland. Ihaveonly succeeded in finding

one specimen.

3386. Alloplectus subcecus, sp. 0.

Nitid, light castaneo-rufous; elytra and abdomen slightly

darker, yet quite rufescent and rather dull; legs and antennez

somewhat fulvescent; pubescence greyish, depressed and

distinct.

Head nearly as long as the thorax, subtrigonal, its hind

angles obtusely rectangular, indistinctly punctate, the frontal

fovee and linear basal impression rather shallow. LHyes

minute. Zhorav suboviform, rounded and widest before the

middle, only slightly longer than broad, its punctation

shallow and not close, but quite discernible under a good

lens; lateral fovew indistinct, the central one somewhat

angulate and forming part of the transverse basal impression.

Llytra rather broader and slightly longer than the thorax,

feebly curvedly narrowed towards the base ; dorsal impres-

sions punctiform at the base, rather small and indefinite,

sutural striz linear, also punctiform at the base. Hind body

as broad and nearly as long as the elytra, the first segment

with a short median basal depression and equalling the

second in length, the others deflexed.

Antenne nearly as long as the head and thorax, second

joint subrotundate, as thick as the short exposed portion of

the basal one ; third just perceptibly longer than broad,

700 Major T. Broun on new

small and subobconical ; joints 4-8 small, subglobular, and

short ; ninth a little broader than eighth, but hardly more

than half the width of the transverse tenth; the terminal

Jarge, rather short, broadly conical, subacuminate, finely but

thickly pubescent, and nearly douvle the breadth of the

tenth.

In all three species the antennal structure is almost pre-

cisely similar, so, too, is the size of the insects. ‘his species

may, however, be considered aberrant, owing to the sub-

trigonal head and minute eyes. It is rather narrower than

the others, and may be distinguished by the punctation and

less definite intrahumeral impressions.

Length quite 1; breadth } mm.

Retaruke Forest, near Erua. I found a solitary individual

amongst decayed leaves collected for me by Capt. Whitehorn

in April 1910.

KENOC@LUS, gen. nov.

Body only moderately elongate in the male ; in the female

narrower, with the elytra somewhat rounded at the sides and

more narrowed towards the base and the hind body more

horizontal.

Head quadrate, much shorter than the thorax, plane above,

short and vertical in front, without antennal tubercles, vertex

bifoveolate ; the lower surface at each side is slightly dilated

in front of the eyes, and prolonged forwards as a_ process

which, in front, is slightly separated from the side; just

above this there is a cavity in which the maxillary palpus is

accommodated and almost entirely concealed from above.

Thorax longer than broad, with a sulciform median fossa

near the base and a foveaat each side; these are more or less

indefinitely united, according to the point of view, by a linear

transverse impression. //ytra subquadrate, obviously

broader than the thorax, with distinct sutural strie and a

short foveiform impression near each shoulder. J/ind body

rather shorter than the elytra, its first and second visible

segments broadly margined, horizontal, and subequal, the

third with thinner margins, this and the following two

gradually deflexed.

Legs stout and elongate; tibiee arcuate externally ; basal

joint of the tarsi minute, the intermediate nearly double the

length of the third, with a single claw.

Antenne 11-articulate, as long as the head and thorax,

stout, of nearly the same thickness throughout, inserted

within the upper part of the cavity occupied by the palpi;

Species of Pselaphidee from New Zealand. 701

the exposed portion of the basal joint only about half as long

as it 13 broad; second and third joints obconical, hardly

longer than broad; joints 4-8 differ but little, all broader

than long, ninth and tenth a little larger, eleventh conical

and subacuminate, longer than the penultimate.

First ventral segment short and covered by the femora, the

next unevenly convex in the middle, third quite as long as

the second, with a basal depression at each side of the middle ;

fourth and fifth short, the latter widely but not deeply in-

curved behind; sixth with a deep, semicircular, apical

emargination, which is occupied by the flat, broadly oval,

supplementary segment.

female.—Second and third ventral segments nearly equal,

fourth and fifth much shorter, sixth large, obtusely triangular.

A written copy of the description of the male and a speci-

men of the female have been forwarded to M. Ach. Raffray.

He kindly informs me that this exceedingly curious new

genus belongs to a new and very isolated section of the

Kuplectini.

3387. Kenocelus dimorphus, sp. n.

Shining, rufescent, tarsi and palpi yellow, terminal joint

of antenne fulvescent; sparingly clothed with decumbent

greyish pubescence.

Head quadrate, slightly flattened and quite obsoletely

bifoveolate in front, very finely and distantly punctate, with

a pair of small, distant, interocular fovee. yes moderately

large and prominent, situated behind the middle. Thorax

nearly twice as long as broad, widest and somewhat rounded

just before the middle, slightly sinuate behind, very finely

and distantly punctate, with a slight antebasal impression

connecting the rather shallow lateral foveze and the sulciform

median depression, /ytra longer and broader than the

thorax, a little narrowed towards the base, finely punctate,

with rather fine sutural strie, the intra-humeral impressions

rather short and shallow,

Female.—Hyes very small and indistinct. The body less

nitid and darker, elytra more rounded at the sides and

narrower at the base, and the hind body more horizontal and

therefore apparently longer.

g. Length 12; breadth nearly 2 mm.

9. Length nearly 2; breadth 4 mm.

Greymouth. One male and two females, discovered by

Mr. J. H. Lewis, somewhat damaged unfortunately.

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 47

702 Mr. L. B. Prout on

LXXVII.—WNew Species of Geometride.

By Louis B. Prout, F.E.S.

Subfam. G?vocwrominz.

Hypographa bathrosema, sp. n.

g. 40 mm.—F ace without horny prominence (? damaged).

Palpus with third joint rather Jong; blackish, somewhat

mixed with white. Antennal shaft ferruginous brown ;

pectinations somewhat more ochreous, long, decreasing ;

last 10 or 12 segments merely serrate-dentate. Thorax

blackish, much mixed with white except posteriorly. Abdo-

men grey irrorated with fuscous. Fore wing with costa

nearly straight, subconcave; termen strongly and rather

regularly dentate ; venation normal, stalk of SC*® separate

from R?, R? from well below middle of DC; _ blackish

fuscous, somewhat irrorated with white, especially in proxi-

mal half of median area; a white patch at base, slightly

sprinkled with fuscous and containing longitudinal black

marks from base, namely, a dash 2 mm. in length anteriorly

to cell, a rather longer one posteriorly to cell, and an irre-

gularly triangular blotch 3 mm. in length occupying the

space between submedian fold and SM?; antemedian line

from one-third costa to nearly one-half inner margin,

whitish, lunulate-dentate, the teeth pointing basewards on

M and SM’; accompanied distally by a black line which

thickens into a broad shade anteriorly ; postmedian line

deeply sinuate basewards from R* to R* and below M?’;

preceded by a black line; cell-spot elongate, crescentic,

blackish, not distinct; subterminal line white, zigzag,

somewhat interrupted ; terminal area pale (rubbed on both

wings); terminal line black. Hind wing with termen

crenulate ; base whitish as far as end of cell, thence light

purplish fuscous marked with black towards inner margin ;

a weak, diffuse, dark dentate line at proximal margin of the

dark area, absorbing the ill-defined, crescentic cell-mark; a

postmedian dark line following the same course as that of

fore wing; faint indications of a pale subterminal, most

noticeable towards tornus ; a fine black terminal line; fringe

pale proximally, darker distally and broadly dark-marked at

the ends of the veins. Under surface of fore wing light

purplish fuscous, paler at inner margin, costal edge as far as

the postmedian line blackish, marked with white, median

and postmedian lines present ; of hind wing whitish,

coarsely irrorated with purplish and blackish fuscous, median

rr»)

2 ree 6d ees.

new Species of Geometride. 703

dark shade present, thickened towards costa, postmedian

darker than above and followed by a diffuse dark cloud,

which is least distinct towards the costa.

Kelmscott, West Australia, 27th May, 1909 (@. F.

Berthoud). Type in coll. G. Lyell, Gisborne.

Nearly related to HZ. incongrua, Walk. List Lep. Ins. x.

p. 353, but differing, apart from the wing-markings, in less

prominent frons and somewhat longer third joint of palpus.

Sarcinodes subvirgata, sp. n.

9. 60-63 mm.—Face grey, pinkish above. Palpus

grey, sprinkled with pinkish, almost wholly pinkish beneath.

Head and body concolorous with wings. Build very robust,

as in subcarnea. Fore wing pink, slightly mixed with grey,

costal edge narrowly whitish, irregularly marked with grey ;

antemedian line very faint, somewhat darker from costa to

SC, where it is sharply angled, subsequently marked with

a fuscous dot on M and on SM; median line more distinct,

lunulate-dentate, angled near costa; postmedian firm, dark

olive-fuscous or blackish, running almost straight from apex

to inner margin at three-fifths; the intermediate area mostly

filled in with red-brown, gradually darkening and becoming

more mixed with olive as it approaches the submedian ;

faint traces of a deeply lunulate-dentate subterminal pale

line, distally to which the ground-colour is again some-

what red-brown shaded ; extreme termen and fringe dark

red-brown. Hind wing with the median line becoming

antemedian, the postmedian crossing the wing at scarcely

beyond middle; coloration much as in fore wing, but with

stronger hoary dusting distally to postmedian, especially on

the teeth of the subterminal. Underside of fore wing very

variegated, pink and olive-grey, with sparse blackish scales,

costal area in part paler, a thick, dark olive-grey subcostal

line nearly to apex; an oblique cell-mark and distinct

median line, the latter just beyond cell, touching posterior

end of cell-mark and followed by some dark shades; a

postmedian series of blackish vein-dots from costa at four-

fifths, curved at first, but mostly running just proximally

to the line of upperside; distal area somewhat darkened and

slightly mixed with ochreous. Underside of hind wing

with the dark shading increased, absorbing nearly all the

wing, except the base, apex, and a narrow central band con-

taining the series of black vein-dots; this central band

shaded with pale ochreous, at least in the posterior half; a

rather strong wash of deep ochreous near termen between

R! and R’.

47*

704 Mr. L. B. Prout on

Ninay Valley, Central Arfak Mountains, Dutch New

Guinea, 3500 feet, November 1908 to January 1909. Type

in coll. L. B. Prout. A second 9, Fak-Fak, 1700 feet,

January to February 1908, slightly more reddish above and

slightly more ochreous beneath, but quite similar, also in

coll. L. B. Prout. The type has a large dark olive spot

behind postmedian on R* of each wing, of which there is no

trace in the cotype.

Leptoctenopsis uxorcula, sp. n.

9. 28 mm.—Very closely related to melusina, Prout, Gen.

Ins. fase. 104, p. 82, of which it may possibly be a form,

though the fore wing appears to be slightly more squared at

tornus; ground-colour paler, the antemedian line somewhat

more curved, the postmedian paler, shaded proximally with

pale yellowish and on fore wing sharply dentate outwards in

the cellules on either side of SC’.

Caracas, Venezuela. Type in coll. L. B. Prout.

Corium hyperphyes, sp.n.

3d. 43 mm.—F ace black above (partly rubbed). Palpus

whitish, ends of first and second joints black on outer side.

Thorax and abdomen white, with some black spots dorsally.

Wings white, subhyaline, with slight bluish reflection.

Fore wing with apex acute, produced ; costa to SC irrorated

with fuscous; antemedian line from costa at well beyond

one-third to termen at somewhat beyond one-third, curved

anteriorly, consisting only of large irregular blackish spots

on SC, M, and SM?, and weaker ones on the folds ; discal

spot black; postmedian line from costa at four-fifths to inner

margin at somewhat before two-thirds, consisting of black

spots on SC*, R'3, and M’ (the last almost a dash), and

black dashes, considerably further from termen, on M2,

SM?*, and inner margin; a faint, strongly lunulate-dentate

subterminal line near distal margin, the teeth on the veins

directed distad ; a slender dark terminal line, and a series of

large round black terminal spots between the veins; fringe

white. Hind wing similar, without antemedian line. Under-

side with discal and terminal spots, the lines obsolete.

Mlanji Mountain, 6000-7000 feet, Ist May, 1910 (S. A.

Neave). ‘Type in coll. Brit. Mus.

Much larger than any previously known species of Corium

or Derambila, and further distinct in the formation of the

subterminal line.

new Species of Geometridae. 705

In the fore wing SC’ arises separate, not from the base of

stalk of SC** ; after anastomosing very strongly with C it

does not touch SC*4. The hind leg is long and slender,

Subfam. Acrparuy.

Neosterrha cryptereuthus, sp. n.

g. 27 mm.—Face reddish, mixed with fuscous above ;

palpus reddish; head otherwise concolorous with wings.

Fore wing slightly narrower (termen more oblique)

than in thetis, Warr. Nov. Zool. vii. p. 158; similarly

coloured and marked, the black cell-spot very large and

almost round—much larger than in thet’s. Hind wing not

angled (scarcely even bent) at R®; marked as in thetis, the

two white cell-spots large. Fore wing beneath almost uni-

form bright red, only the extreme inner marginal edge

concolorous with hind wing; postmedian line marked in

deeper red. Hind wing beneath pale greenish ochreous,

terminal and subterminal lines red.

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet, December 1907

(MM. G. Palmer). ‘Type in coll. L. B. Prout.

Warren mentions what is evidently this species as a

variety of thetis, but does not allude to the difference of shape,

nor to the large cell-spot. It seems to be a quite distinct

species.

Acidalia manifesta, sp. n.

3 2. 20-24 mm.—Size, colour, and aspect of corrivalaria,

Kretschmer, but with the markings grey, or at most slightly

ochreous grey, never clear ochreous; median shade of fore

wing more oblique, reaching inner margin just before one-

half, that of hind wing nearer base, well proximal to cell-

spot, never crossing or markedly bending round it; post-

median line of both wings finer, not or at most very feebly

denticulate; a diffuse grey shade distally to postmedian

sometimes prominent ; both cell-spots always strikingly large

and distinct. Underside more weakly marked than upper

(in corrivalaria the reverse is the case). Hind tarsus in male

not much shorter than tibia—about three-fourths (in corri-

valaria considerably less than one-half).

Tien-tsin, type (¢, 7th September, 1904) in coll. L. B.

Prout, together with a series of both sexes, August-September

1904, June 1905 and ?1906, all kindly presented by

Mr. Percy Richards.

Variable in the strength of the markings, but always con-

spicuous in the bold, prominent discal spots,

706 Mr. L. B. Prout on

Hamalia subfuscicosta, sp. n.

dg. 21 mm.—Face and jocciput blackish fuscous; vertex

whitish. Palpus slender, fuscous, pale beneath. Antennal

shaft fuscous, at base whitish, cilia long. Fore and middle

legs fuscous above. Wings glossy. Fore wing with termen

strongly oblique; very light bone-colour ; basal one-third of

costa dark fuscous, costal area further with some fuscous

speckling; lines very fine, brown; antemedian and median

almost obsolete, the latter starting from a large dark spot at

costa; postmedian from costa at nearly three-fourths, sub-

terminal midway between this and termen, both starting

from dark costal spots, strongly sinuous, the postmedian out-

angled on R}, incurved between R} and R*; no terminal

line; fringe concolorous. Hind wing rather narrow, whitish

bone-colour; SC* and R} stalked for one-half their length ;

all the four lines present, not very strong, irregularly lunu-

late-dentate, postmedian deeply incurved between R’* and R’*.

Underside of fore wing more suffused with fuscous, especially

costally and terminally, the median and postmedian lines

diffuse ; inner margin of fore wing and whole of hind wing

whitish, unmarked.

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet, December 1907

(M. G. Palmer). Type in coll. L. B. Prout.

Subfam. Lareyriwz.

Cambogia diversicosta, sp. n.

do. 22 mm.—F ace red-brown; vertex grey. Antennal

shatt grey, darker-spotted ; pectinations normal. Thorax

red-brown, patagia and base and tip of tegule ochreous grey.

Fore wing red-brown; a broad ochreous-grey, reddish-

marked costal streak, reaching to SC and to R}, then running

off to a point at apex ; lines very fine, dark, indistinct except

at costa; antemedian from costa at one-fifth, oblique out-

wards, acutely angled on SC, thence vertical to inner margin ;

followed by a diffuse pale shade, this again by a diffuse dark

line; postmedian starting obliquely from costa at one-half,

strongly excurved in anterior half of wing ; a faint pale line

following a similar course, 1 or 2 mm. nearer termen; cell-

spot large, black; termen with indistinct dark spots between

the veins; fringe red-brown, with pale yellowish line at

base. Hind wing with termen waved, slightly toothed at

R® ; cell-spot small, but very distinct ; followed by first line,

which is angled at separation of M*‘ from R¥%, and followed

new Species of Geometride. 707

shortly by a weaker, more diffuse line ; postmedian much as

in fore wing. Underside rather paler, with indistinct lines ;

cell-spots distinct, terminal spots more conspicuous than

above.

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet, December 1907

(Af. G. Palmer). Type in coll. L. B. Prout.

Nearly related to C. pallidicosta, Warr. Nov. Zool. xiv.

p. 241, of which it may possibly prove a form ; smaller,

duller, ‘the costa less conspicuously pale, the fringe apparently

not pale yellow at the extremity (but slightly damaged), the

hind wing less strongly toothed at R’.

Trichoclystis rhombipennis, sp. n.

3d. 20 mm.—Head and palpus dull ochreous, the latter

marked with fuscous along upper side. Antenna pale

ochreous, spotted above with fuscous. Body pale ochreous,

mixed with fuscous; abdomen densely tufted with long hair

beneath. Fore wing shiny (almost greasy-looking) ochreous

grey, suffused along costa and termen with fuscous ; basal

patch small, fuscous, widening costally; median band

tuscous, of uniform width, smooth-margined, its proximal

edge from costa at almost one-third, very gently incurved,

distal edge from costa at two-thirds, gently outeurved in

costal half, here. somewhat darkened; obscure dark sub-

terminal shading costally and between the radials; terminal

line dark, interrupted at vein-ends ; fringe grey, apparently

dark-spotted at vein-ends (defective). Hind wing short,

termen truncate from C to R’*, here bluntly right-angled,

thence nearly straight (somewhat sinuate) to tornus; pale

grey, more tinged with ochreous in distal and inner marginal

part; faint indications of median, postmedian, and terminal

dark bands starting from inner margin. Underside greyish,

weakly marked, fore wing with faint curved postmedian line

and faintly dark terminal shade, separated by a vague pale

band.

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet, December 1907

(M. G. Palmer). ‘Type in coll. L. B. Prout.

Apparently referable to the genus Trichoclystis as defined

by Warren (Noy. Zool, xi. p. 535), all the generic characters

which he gives being well developed; the agreement with

Lephroclystia (Lupithecia) in venation is, however, confined

to the fore wing (and probably the female hind wing—at

present unknown) ; in the curious rhomboid male hind wing

the cell is strongly produced anteriorly (the reverse of the

form so common in Larentiid genera), SC? arises from the

708 Mr. L. B. Prout on

anterior (upper) angle of this projecting arm, R*® from a

point at its posterior (lower) angle. The large hair-tuft on

underside of fore wing is ochreous grey, not raven-black as

in peregrina.

Eupithecia albisecta, sp. n.

dg. 24 mm.—F ace whitish ochreous, vertex white ; palpus

long, dark above. Patagia and tegule marked with white.

Abdomen ochreous, the second segment with a dark brown-

black belt. Fore wing dull chocolate-brown ; costa nearly

to apex broadly cream-coloured, the extreme edge slightly

fuscous tinged; median vein broadly whitish; an oblique

double whitish line from middle of inner margin, angled

about R? and retracted to costal streak; traces (especially at

costa) of an interrupted white subterminal line; fringe

nearly concolorous with wing, Hind wing rather paler, with

the double whitish line straight and antemedian. Underside

paler, with weak transverse lines (the postmedian diffuse) and

dark cell-spot, that on fore wing the larger.

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet, December 1907

(VM. G. Palmer). Type in Coll. .L. B. Prout.

Except for the totally different hind wing above, this

species might be taken for a form of L. pallidicosta, Warr.

Nov. Zool. xi. p. 533, which is certainly variable.

Subfam. Gxrowerrinz.

Leuciris mysteriotts, sp. n.

g. 26 mm.—Apparently indistinguishable from large,

unmarked examples of L. fimbriaria, Cram., except in the

antennal ciliation, which is very much shorter, the longer

(outer) series scarcely twice as long as width of shaft.

Porto Rico. ‘Type in coll. L. B. Prout.

In erecting Z. beneciliata (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vi.

. 437) I unfortunately compared its male antennal ciliation

with that of the present species instead of with true fimbriaria.

I find the last-named agrees with Geneciliata, so that it

remains just possible (though not probable) that beneciliata

is merely a local race of Cramer’s species, distinguished by

the much more highly developed transverse markings and

narrower terminal spots (the latter distinction not noted in

the original description). In any case, mysteriotis is a

structurally valid species,

new Species of Geometride. 709

Nephodia (Nipteria) admirationis, sp. n.

3 @. 45-49 mm.—Head and thorax grey, marked with

fuscous. Palpus blackish. Abdomen grey, marked with

fuscous at the segmental incisions. Fore wing shining grey,

costal edge (more broadly at base) blackish, costal area,

apical one-third (or more) of wing and terminal area to

tornus irrorated with fuscous, especially at apex, where the

effect of a fuscous cloud is produced ; cell-spot moderately

large, fuscous; a faint fuscous line discernible at about

5-6 mm. from termen; fringe blotched with fuscous at

vein-ends. Hind wing wholly irrorated and mottled with

fuscous, a rather large dark cell-spot and a dark dash on

cell-fold, nearly as in exclamationis, Warr. ; no line; fringe

as in fore wing. Underside similarly but very much more

darkly marked ; hind wing with a blurred, curved postmedian

line discernible,

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet, November 1907

(iM. G. Palmer). Type (9) in Coll. L. B. Prout. ‘Two

females from same locality, December 1907, in coll. L. B.

Prout. One male from same locality, 24th August, 1908

(Fassl), kindly presented by M. Dognin, who informs me

that he has three or four other males agreeing with this, two

of them rather larger, better-marked, with the postmedian

line more distinct.

Closely related to WV. exclamationis, Warr. Nov. Zool. xi.

p- 047, but differs in having the wings somewhat narrower,

darker, weaker-marked above (especially the postmedian

line) ; underside with the same distinetions, in particular the

hind wing uniformly dark, yet with the ‘ exclamation ” or

“admiration*’? mark well expressed, its — generally longer.

It would seem to be the insect described by Warren (Nov.

Zool. xvi. p. 100) as N. obeliscata 2 , but it is quite distinct

from the type (dg) and is now known to occur in both

SEXES.

Nephodia (Nipteria) egrotans, sp. n.

gd. 35-39 mm.—F ace and palpus ochreous brown ; vertex

pale ochreous grey. Antenne grey, the shaft tinged with

ochreous. ‘Vhorax and abdomen pale ochreous grey, in

places whiter. Fore wing dirty white, costa to SC, apex

rather broadly and termen except at tornus (narrowing off

to a point posteriorly) smoke-grey ; veins conspicuously

darkened ; a dark cell-mark ; adark streak from costa to R°,

4 or 5 mm. distant from termen. Hind wing almost uniform

whitish grey, with a small indistinct cell-spot. Underside

710 On new Species of Geometride.

of fore wing similar to upper; of hind wing smoky, with

darker cell-spot and curved postmedian line at 4 or 5 mm.

from termen.

La Oroya, Rio Inambari, S.E. Peru, 3100 feet, January

1906. Type in coll. L. B. Prout. A second example from

Pozuzo, KE. Peru, also in coll. L. B. Prout.

The strong veining of the upper surface recalls N. pieridia,

Waur. Nov. Zool. xii. p. 351, but the present species has the

termen more regular in shape and differs in the underside, &c.

Meticulodes triplilunata, sp. n.

g. 50 mm.—Related to beatricaria, Oberth., nearly like

it in costal half of both wings above, the principal differences

being in inner marginal half, as follows :—Fore wing: base

wanting the ferruginous-brown patch and its ochreous

boundary-line ; median area darker and much more uniform

than in beatricaria, its proximal edge obliquely curved,

reaching inner margin nearer base, its distal edge bounded

by three violet-whitish lunules, their convexity directed distad ;

the succeeding shade delicate grey-violet, entirely without

red admixture ; black terminal shade narrow and only reaching

to M’. Hind wing : tornal markings black, not red, narrower

than in deatricaria and bounded proximally by a thiek white

line, which bends rather sharply away from termen after M’,

and is very faintly traceable across the wing almost to costa.

On the under surface the bright ferruginous shades of

beatricaria are entirely wanting, the fore wing being shaded

with reddish grey at apex (without the three white spots of

bcatricaria), the hind wing broadly with rich ochreous brown

from apex to near tornus; a small black tornal patch on

hind wing, bounded proximally by an ill-defined whitish

patch.

Naranjito, Rio Dagua, W. Colombia, 3900 feet, June 1908,

Type in coll. L. B. Prout. I have also seen a specimen

from Costa Rica in Coll. W. Schaus.

Lobopalta antonia, sp. 0.

g. 46-50 mm.—Head and body concolorous with wings ;

palpus pale at extreme tip. Legs conspicuously marked

with white patches, especially at end of tibize; spurs banded,

blackish and white. ore wing shaped as in datrata, Guen.,

except that the anterior half of termen is less absolutely

smooth; pinkish brown, irrorated with olive-brown and

with scattered black dots; antemedian line nearly as in

latrata, but more sharply angled on SM’, mixed of whitish

On a new Genus of Rhinocerotide. 711

and olive, edged distally with blackish at costa and inner

margin, very faintly with grey between ; cell-spot blackish,

ringed with pale olive ; a curved median dark shade from

costa beyond this, as in latrata ; postmedian line starting

from a pale spot at costa beyond four-fifths, sharply angled

at SC’, then rather oblique inwards, nearly straight, gently

excurved in submedian area, olive, weak, but emphasized by

whitish dots on veins and by proximal dark shading at costa

and inner margin; fringe mostly red ler, but olive and pale-

tipped in the sinus between M* and M*. Hind wing

similarly coloured, the brown tint predominating proximally,

the pinkish distally ; costa as far as SC*® and termen from

apex to across RK’ mostly white; a faint median and a

moderately distinct postmedian line formed nearly as in

latrata, but the latter darkened on the veins and accen-

tuated by whitish vein-dots, slightly incurved in submedian

area; some obscure subterminal clouding; fringe mostly

reddish. Underside very like that of a strongly marked

angulosa, Cram. (caninata, Guen.), the postmedian olive line

rather better defined and more regular, the median shade of

hind wing rather slighter, fringe without dark dots.

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet, December 1907

(If. G. Palmer). Type and cotype in coll. L. B. Prout.

M. Dognin possesses an example from Loja, Ecuador, which

Mr. Druce many years ago, by mistake, determined for him

as succedens, Walk. (a pure synonym of latrata). The hind

wing beneath is particularly unlike that of atrata.

LXXVIII.—Paraceratherium bugtiense, a new Genus of

Rhinocerotidee from the Bugti Hills of Baluchistan.

Preliminary Notice. By C. Forster-Cooprer, M.A.,

University Demonstiator in Comparative Morphology,

Cambridge.

[Plate X.]

THE type species of this new genus is found in the Upper

Oligocene deposits of the Bugti Hills in Baluchistan. ‘I'he

material is somewhat fragmentary, though enough has been

obtained to warrant the formation of a new genus for its

reception, the generic characters relied upon being the very

unusual position and shape of the two lower incisors, which

712 Mr. C. Forster-Cooper on a

in these respects differ from those of any other described

form of rhinoceros.

The specific name bugtiense is given for the reason that thie

specimen is referred, provisionally at all events, to the upper

teeth described by Pilgrim as Aceratherium bugtiense (Rec.

Geol. Surv. India, vol. xl. part 1, 1910).

The material on which this new genus is founded consists

of a moderately complete lower jaw with all the teeth present

on each side (P]. X.). Unfortunately the jaw belonged to an

exceedingly old individual, and the premolars and molars

are all much worn, so much so that in the second and third

molars the plane of wear has reached a level lower than the

cingulum. Enough is present, however, to show that the

teeth are of the Rhinocerotid type in general character and

may be compared with those of Aceratherium.

The general measurements of the jaw are :—

cm.

Extreme length from tip of procumbent incisor to

back iof mamas 2)... iste soe aes ae eee eee 72:0

Approximate:height of ramus ..........2sse000% 31:0

Transverse width of condyle ..........cesseeaces 14:0

Length of premolar-molar series ...........+.... 82°

The dental formula is:—I. ?, C. 5, Pm. a M. 2.

The measurements of the teeth are :—

em.

Incisor, length of enamel crown ........... big eee 57

yy A ACLU aL DAES chee aia ksh athetneeeet 34

Length. Breadth.

em. cm.

(Des kh sie as ee eee ok = Rie pee eee 2-9 18

gee Beem cries pice 35 Feb ie eee ein 4:8 37

Le rs 14 5 9 Re es 57 45

Mi ciel. 2) sara tlehe Shes ba lath hase Ree oe ta ee 68 4:5

M2 ane eene eae aitiaads wabicten ainiate 70 45

MAS vais Sass nies PRR OMNI Cina anit, the 49

With the exception of the first the premolars are large, and

the fourth is practically as large as the first molar. The

front premolar shows very little sign of wear, only the

enamel at the extreme top being worn away.

Owing to the position of the incisors, unique in this order,

the lower border and front end of the upper part of the ramus

show a-peculiar outline. Beneath the molars the contour is

flat (in the actual specimen it is rather concave, but this

seems to be due to crushing). At the level of the hind end

new Genus of Rhinocerotide. 713

of the last premolar the ramus shows its greatest depth, and

then begins to slope upwards to a point some 44 em. beyond

the front border of the mental foramen (which underlies the

front premolar) ; here the ramus turns downwards a little and

contains the stout root of the incisor.

On the upper surface in front of the leading premolar the

border of the ramus forms a sharp edge which runs forwards

for about 44 cm.; it then swells out a little and turns

abruptly down to the incisors.

The symphysis is 154 cm. long and reaches to a level

exactly at the middle of the last premolar, where the width

between the rami, measured from the inside of these teeth, is

10 em.

The chief peculiarity of the jaw lies in the shape and

position of the single stout incisor in each ramus. ‘These

teeth lie at the extreme front, closely apposed at their bases

and slightly divergent at their tips. ‘he section for about

34 cm. from the tip is roughly circular ; on the outer side the

surface of the tooth runs back in a straight line, on the inner

side and at rather a low level a ridge arises which ends in a

swelling apposed to a similar process from the opposite tooth

(Pl. X. fig. 2). The two incisors are closely pressed together

at this point and the two edges run back ina straight median

line to the symphysis.

It is extraordinary that the incisors show no sign of wear

in this specimen, seeing that the other teeth, with the excep-

tion of the one premolar, are practically worn down to the

socket. It is probable that the specimen was a female, and

the occurrence of rather larger incisors showing distinct signs

of wear on the inner side of the tip supports this view, which

is of some importance in considering the possible association

with this species of other bones found in the same locality *.

The great stoutness of the roots of these incisors is noticeable ;

a separate specimen (fig. la, p. 714) showing signs of wear

measures :—

From tip of tooth to end of the enamel outside .... 59

Greatest width of the enamel at base ............ 55

errentesh width OfToOle 2.02 0ccce oes. eee onc wc 6G

Length of root........ Ec g re Seekers Sere 10:0

In addition to the specimen described above are two frag-

* Pilgrim (Rec. Geol. Surv. India, vol. xxxvii. part 2, pl. iv.) has

figured and described two such teeth as the upper incisors of Bugti-

therium.

714 Mr. C. Forster-Cooper on a

ments of mandibular symphyses which belong in all proba-

bility to the same species. One of these fragments, as far as

it goes, shows no great difference from the type; the other,

AAS

tl \\ iN |

i | t ty

Ho HA

‘if il

ALT)

}

—

Fig. 1 a.—Inner surface of incisor.

Fig. 1 b.—Under surface of incisor.

Portion of ramus attributed to P. bugtiense.

however, a symphysis, together with the roots of the two

incisors and sockets for some of the premolars, differs in

having a swelling in the central line on the underside of the

new (renus of Rhinocerotidee. 715

ramus just beyond the level of the mental foramen at a point

where there is a slight concavity in the type (fig. 2). The

diameter of the roots of the incisors is rather larger than in

those of the type, and it is possible that this fragment

belongs to a larger male of the same species—at any rate, it

is. best to refer it here until further material proves the

contrary.

From the same locality come certain vertebrae and foot-

bones which are provisionally referred to this species.

Among them is chiefly noticeable an atlas (fig. 3) of extra-

ordinary size, far too large for the specimen described above,

Fig. 3.

Atlas, upper surface.

but possibly belonging to a very large male, since the type 1s

supposed to be a female. The measurements of this bone

are as follows, and the measurements of an atlas of R. bicornis

are given for comparison :—

P. bugtiense. RK. bicornis.

em. em.

Extreme width from wing to wing .... 475 28°5

BRR OE WINE e's, oni we sin )a pane caeh 4 24:0 11-0

Extreme width of condylar surface .... 27°4 13:7

The edges of the wings are much roughened for the attach-

ment of muscles. The vertebrarterial canal is similar to that

716 Mr. H. Druce on

of Rhinoceros, but at the front end of the wing on the under

side is a large foramen leading into a wide and deep cavity.

This space communicates with the exterior by a large foramen

on the hinder part of the upper border of the wing. The

vessel occupying this cavity ran over a deep notch in the

front of the wing. In R. bicornis this notch is represented

by a foramen confluent with the upper foramen of the

vertebrarterial canal, while the hinder foramen is represented

by a small foramen on one wing and a very small and almost

obsolete one on the other. The object of the large cavity so

slightly represented in &. bicornis was probably to secure

lightness in an unusually heavy bone.

Another large cervical vertebra was found equalling the

atlas in size; also a large astragalus of Perissodactyl type

and several other foot-bones. These will be described later

on, when it is hoped further material will be forthcoming.

Two fragmentary skulls from the same locality may be

noticed here, one of them with the series of premolars and

molars complete. They seem to be referable to Acerathertum

bugtiense, Pilgrim (loc. cit.). Seeing, however, that frag-

ments of skulls and upper teeth of this form are fairly

common, while, except for the lower jaw just described,

nothing of corresponding size has so far been found, it seems

possible that they are the upper and lower parts of the skull

of one species. Of the many foot-bones collected there is a

large gap in size between those of various species of ordinary

sized Rhinocerotide and a single large and heavy form to

which all these numerous fragments belong.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE X.

ig. 1. Paracevatherium bugtiense. Right half of ramus.

Fig. 2. Ditto. Upper surface of front portion of ramus.

LXXIX.—Descriptions of some new Species of Heterocera,

mostly from Tropical South America. By HERBERT

Drouce, FL. S.ace.

Fam. Syntomide.

Hlomeocera watkinst, sp. n.

Male—Head and antenne black ; collar white; tegule

and thorax black, the base of the thorax white ; abdomen

metallic green, four yellowish-white spots on both sides of

new Species of Leterocera. y BY

the abdomen, the underside of the abdomen white, with two

red spots on either side; legs black and white. Primaries

hyaline, the veins, the base, a spot at the end of the cell, and

a large spot on the outer margin below the apex all black :

secondaries hyaline, the veins, a spot at the end of the cell,

and the outer margin edged with black, the inner margin

broadly snow-white.

Expanse 1? inch.

Hab. South Peru, Uruhuasi, 7000 feet (AZus. Druze).

Allied to Homeocera garleppi, Rothsch.

Fam. Hypside.

Pericopis brunnea, sp. n.

Male.—Head, palpi, antenna, thorax, tegule, and legs

black ; collar spotted with yellow ; abdomen black, the under-

side yellow, the sides sordid yellow. Primaries dull brown

to beyond the middle, the outer half pale brown, the apex

and outer margin blackish brown: secondaries blackish

brown ; a submarginal indistinct reddish-brown line extends

from the apex to the anal angle; the fringes of both wings

black. Underside: primaries blackish brown; a pale

reddish-brown band crosses the wing near the apex; a pale

brown spot at the end of the cell and three pale brown streaks

close to the anal angle: secondaries blackish brown, the

costal margin reddish brown; a large pale brown spot

beyond the cell ; the reddish-brown submarginal band the

same as above, but more distinct and divided near the middle ;

the fringe black,

Expanse 3 inches.

Hab. Kast Ecuador, Baiios, Rio Pastaza, 5000-7000 feet

(Mus. Druce).

Very distinct from any species known to me, but nearest

Perecopis hodeva, Druce.

Fam. Cyllopodide.

Darna grandis, sp. n.

Male.— Head, antennz, palpi, collar, tegule, thorax, abdo-

men, and legs all black. Primaries black, shot with metallic

blue at the base and partly along the inner margin; a large

square-shaped semihyaline spot at the end of the cell and two

spots beyond, the first small, the second large, the three spots

forming a band; the fringe black: secondaries black, the

base and inner margin shot with bright blue, the costal

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 48

718 Mr. H. Druce on

margin chrome-yellow from the base almost to the apex; a

chrome-yellow streak extends from the base to the middle

of the wing. Underside greyish black, with the yellow

markings wider.

Expanse 14 inch.

Hab. Hast Ecuador, Baiios, Rio Pastaza, 5000-7000 feet

(Mus. Druce).

Allied to Darna splendens, Druce, from Costa Rica.

Darna palmeri, sp. n.

Male.—Head, antenne, collar, tegule, thorax, abdomen,

and legs blue-black. Primaries black, the inner half steel-

blue; a large, orange-red, square-shaped spot beyond the cell

on the costal margin; the fringe black : secondaries black,

the costal half of the wing grey, the fringe black. Under-

side very similar to the upperside, but paler in colour and

the orange-red spot rounder.—Female very similar to the

male, but paler in colour, and the orange-red spot considerably

larger ; the hind wing steel-blue, bordered with black.

Expanse, ¢ 13, ¢ 12 inch.

Hab. Fast Ecuador, Rio Verde, Rio Pastaza, 5000 feet

(Mus. Druce).

Darna (?) furonia, sp. n.

Male.—Head, antenne, palpi, collar, tegule, thorax, abdo-

men, and legs black, three white dots on the collar. Pri-

maries and secondaries dark chrome-yellow ; the costal mar-

gin, apex, and outer margin of both wings edged with black ;

a narrow black band crosses the primaries about the middle

from the costal to the inner margin. The underside the same

as above.

Expanse 1} inch.

Hab, Eastern Ecuador, Bafios, Rio Pastaza, 5000-7000 feet

(Mus. Druce).

Losiomorpha elisa, sp. n.

Male.—Head, antenne, palpi, collar, tegul», thorax, abdo-

men, and legs black. Primaries black, with a wide yellow

streak extending from the base below the cell almost to the

outer margin ; it is widest at the base and goes to a point at

the end of the streak; the fringe black: secondaries pale

yellow, narrowly edged with black on the costal and outer

margin; the hind margin broadly bordered with black.

Underside very similar to the upperside.

new Species of Helerocera. 719

Expanse 2 inches.

Hab, Kast Ecuador, Baiios, Rio Pastaza, 5000-7000 feet

(Mus. Druce).

Fam. Lasiocampida.

Dirphia alba, sp. n.

Male.—Head yellow, antennez black; collar, tegule, and

thorax grey ; abdomen white, the second seement from the

base and the anus bright yellow ; legs dark grey. Primaries

white, the veins brown; a curved brown line from the costal

margin at the base extending to about the middle of the inner

margin’; a straight brown line crosses the wing from the

costal margin to the anal angle; the apex and two-thirds of

the outer margin heavily clouded with blackish brown :

secondaries snow-white, the costal and outer margin edged

with brown, the fringe white. Underside of both wings

white, the veins and apex of the primaries blackish brown.

Expanse 3 inches.

Hab. EK. Ecuador, Alpayacu, Rio Pastaza, 3600 feet (Aus,

Druce).

Fam. Noctuidae.

Subfam. Huprenrz.

Polia albostriata, sp. n.

Female.—Head and antenne black; collar and thorax

clothed with red and grey hairs ; teoulae white, edged with

red hairs; abdomen greyish at the base, the anal segments

black ; the legs and underside of the thorax reddish brown.

Primaries black ; a white ring in the cell, below which are

two white spots; a submarginal row of elongated white

streaks extends from the apex to the anal angle ; the fringe

alternately black and white : secondaries pure white. Under-

side: primaries black, with the spots as above, but more

indistinct: secondaries greyish white.

Expanse 1? inch.

Hab. S. Peru, Acopampa, 11,500 feet (dus. Druce).

Subfam. Srrcvoprerivz.

Lophoptera semirufa, sp. n.

Male.—Head, collar, and thorax reddish brown ; antenne,

abdomen, and legs black. Primaries: the basal half of the

wing reddish brown, edged with a grey line crossing the

48*

720 Mr. O. Thomas on

wing from the middle of the costal margin almost to the anal

angle ; the outer half of the wing dark grey, mottled with

darker spots ; a rather large black spot at the apex : second-

aries, the basal half hyaline, the veins all black ; the apex,

outer and inner margin broadly black; the fringe greyish.

Underside of the primaries black ; the secondaries as above.

Expanse 12 inch.

Hab. West Africa, Bitje, Ja River, Cameroons, 2000 feet,

dry season (Mus, Druce).

Fam. Crambidez.

Crambus (2) gigantilla, sp. n.

Male.—Head, antenne, collar, and thorax white; palpi

and sides of the head reddish brown; abdomen and legs

black ; anal tuft witha few greyish hairs. Primaries greyish

white, thickly irrorated with minute black dots; the costal

margin reddish brown from the base to beyond the middle ;

the fringe grey and white: secondaries pale greyish brown,

the fringe white. The underside of both wings uniformly

dark brown; the fringe white-—Female. Head, palpi, an-

tenn, and collar reddish brown ; tegule and thorax yellow,

abdomen and legs black. Primaries streaked with grey and

yellow, the costal margin from the base to the apex reddish

brown, the fringe grey: secondaries pale greyish brown,

the fringe grey and white. Underside of both wings dark

brown, the fringe white.

Expanse, ¢ 24, 2? 22 inches.

Hab. South Peru, Acopampa, 11,500 feet (ALus. Druce).

LXXX.—Three new Rodents from Kan-su.

By OLpFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

SPECIMENS representing the three following new species have

been obtained in Kan-su by Dr. J. A. C. Smith, already

well known as a mammal collector by his work with

Mr. Malcolm Anderson. ‘hey have been acquired for the

National Museum by the kind help of the Hon. N. Charles

Rothschild.

Myospalax smithii, sp. n.

A fairly large species of the fontanter? group with a

new Rodents from Kan-su. 721

median sagittal crest, small teeth, and two re-entrant angles

on m',

Size rather less than in J/. fontaniert. Colour dark

drabby, the belly little lighter; crown blackened in the

type. Hands and feet whitish, well-haired, but the hairy

part terminating at the bases of the digits, the skin covering

the bases of the claws naked. ‘Tail proportionally rather

short, dull greyish white.

Skull with the essential characters of the fontantert-cansus

group, in which the occipital region forms a ridged and

age hump behind the transverse masseteric crests.

Yasals about equalling the premaxille posteriorly. Inter-

orbital region narrow, its edges, even anteriorly, rounded,

not ridged as in all the other species of the group. Masse-

teric fosse of the two sides with their inner ridges closely

approximated, separated by a groove scarcely half a milli-

metre in breadth, and therefore practically forming a median

sagittal crest. ‘lransverse crest not immensely developed,

and, as usual in this group, obsolete in the centre. Lateral

crests on occipital hump well developed, but no median

occipital crest present.

Molars small in proportion to the size of the skull, their

structure as in J. cansus, except that there is a weil-marked

second re-entrant angle on the inner side of m’.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 202 mm.; tail 41 ; hind foot 32.

Skull: greatest (condylo-nasal) length 50°3; condylo-

incisive length 46°2 ; zygomatic breadth 34°6 ; nasals 18°6;

interorbital breadth 7:3; breadth on transverse crest 30:4 ;

palatilar length 22°8; palatal foramina 8°3; upper molar

series (crowns) 10°2, (alveoli) 10°6.

flab. (of type). 30 miles 8.E. of Tao-chou, Kan-su.

10,000’. A specimen from Gumansa, Kan-su, collected by

G. Grzimailo and received from the St. Petersburg Museum in

1892, is believed to be of the same species, but the diagnostic

parts of the skull are broken away.

Type. Adult male. 3B.M. no. 11.11.1.1. Original

number 172. Collected 6th April, 1911, by Dr. J. A. C.

Smith and presented by the Hon. N. Charles Rothschild.

The close approach of the two masseteric fossa to each

other in the middle line is a character quite unique in the

genus. ‘The rounded supraorbital margins, small teeth, and

the two re-entrant angles on the inner side of m* also seem to

distinguish this species from its allies,

722 Mr. O. Thomas on

Myospalax rothschildt, sp. n.

Size smallest of genus. Teeth minute.

Size of an adult male, as gauged by skull, rather less than

in females of M. eansus, the smallest of the known species of

the genus. Fur soft and fine; hairs of back 14-15 mm. in

length. General colour above “ drab-grey,’’ the sides clearer,

in parts approaching “ écru-drab” ; under surface scarcely

lighter. Head not darkened, clearer grey. Hands and feet

greyish white, hairy above except on the digits close to the

claws. ‘Tail fairly long, greyish along the top, whitish on

sides and below.

Skull strongly built, depressed, its upper profile slightly

concave over the front of the orbits. Zygomata widely

spread, their middle portion angularly projected outwards,

very different to the even rounded curve found in other

species. Nasals falling just short of premaxille posteriorly.

Supraorbital edges, masseteric ridges, both parietal and

transverse, and occipital hump as in J/. cansus, except that

there is no median occipital ridge. Front edge of anterior

zygomatic plate with scarcely any trace of the marked

downwardly projecting ridge found in other species.

Incisors comparatively slender, the breadth of the upper

pair together 3°6 mm. Molars exceedingly small, smaller

in proportion to the skull than in any other species ;

their notches and angles as in M/. cansus, except that, as in

M. smithii, there are two internal re-entrant angles on m’.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 164 mm.; tail 45; hind foot 26.

Skull: greatest (condylo-nasal) length 40; condylo-

incisive length 36°5; zygomatic breadth 28:2; nasals 15 ;

interorbital breadth 7°63 breadth on transverse crests 24 ;

palatilar length 12°8 ; palatal foramina 6°5 ; upper molar

series (crowns) 7°6, (alveoli) 8°2 ; breadth of m! 1-6.

Hab, 40 miles 8.E. of Tao-chou, Kan-su. 11,000'.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 11.11.1.2. Original

number 194. Collected 11th April, 1911, by Dr. J. A. C.

Smith and presented by the Hon. N. Charles Rothschild.

This striking little species is at once distinguished from all

others by its small size, widely splayed zy gomata, and small

teeth. I have much pleasure i in naming it in honour of its

donor, to whose generous help the Museum is so constantly

indebted.

It is very remarkable that three species of this genus,

M. cansus, smithit, and rothschildi, should all occur so close

together to the S.E. of Tao- chou: There is, however, no

question as to their entire distinctness from each other,

new Rodents from Kan-su. 723

Microtus oniscus, sp. n.

A small vole allied to MW. trene.

Size decidedly smaller than in ¢rene. Fur soft and fine,

rather less woolly than in irene ; hairs of back almost 10 mm.

in length. General colour above lined hair-brown ; below

slaty, washed with greyish or drabby white; line of demar-

cation on sides rather well defined. Ears showing beyond

the fur; coloured like the head. Hands and feet dull

whitish ; soles hairy, with six well-developed pads. ‘Tail

short ; above drabby, proximally darkening to brown ter-

minally, below white. Mamm 2—2=8.

Skull lightly built, with slender muzzle and interorbital

region; its upper outline not so flat as in MZ. irene and

millicens. Interorbital space narrow, rounded above, without

angles or ridges, though it might become ridged in the

middle line in old age. Brain-case smooth, rounded, rather

narrow, the antero-external corners scarcely perceptible.

Palatal foramina fairly long. Posterior palate normal, its

lateral pits fairly deep. Mesopterygoid fossa rather narrow.

Bulle proportionally small.

TYeeth—M! and m? without additional internal angles.

M* with the usual four prisms and a posterior lobe, but the

latter, instead of being C-shaped, is quite simple, with a

single antero-internal angle only; there are therefore three

internal and three external angles to the tooth. J, as in

MM. irene, with only four closed prisms, the normal fifth and

sixth (counting from behind and including the posterior

transverse lobe) open to each other and to the anterior space ;

the latter nearly cylindrical, its outer and inner angles

scarcely developed.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 80 mm.; tail 25; hind foot 15°5; ear 11.

Skull: condylo-incisive length 22:2; condylo-basal

length 22; zygomatic breadth 13; nasals 6°7; interorbital

breadth 3:4; height of crown above alveolus of m' 7;

palatal foramina 4°5 ; upper molar series (crowns) 5:2.

Hab. 40 miles 8... of Tao-chou, Kan-su. Alt. 11,000’.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 11.11.1.3. Original

number 184. Collected 10th April, 1911, by Dr. J. A. C.

Smith. Presented by the Hon. N. Charles Rothschild.

This little vole shares with J/.zrene and M. millicens

alone the combination of a Pitymys-like m3 with a mammary

formula of 2—2=8 and six hind foot-pads. From IZ. milli-

cens it is distinguished by the absence of supplementary

internal prisms on m?, and from its nearest ally, M/. irene,

by its materially smaller size and shorter tail.

724 Mr. O. Thomas on

LXXXI.—Four new African Carnivores.

By OLprieLp THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Helogale vetula, sp. n.

A species nearly without the buffy and rufous tones

characteristic of the other central and northern species.

General colour above finely grizzled grey, very much

as in LH. atkinsoni, but with still less suffusion of buffy.

Head minutely speckled “ smoke-grey ”’ ; no rufous or buffy

on the sides of the face. Under surface scarcely lighter than

back, the belly brownish grey, the throat and inguinal

region drabby, washed inconspicuously with dull buffy.

Sides of neck behind ears rather stronger buffy. Limbs Ike

body to the metapodials, the latter and the digits dull

pinkish buff. Tail grizzled, its tip and median line below

slightly buffy.

Teeth of medium size.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 215 mm.; tail (perhaps shortened in con-

finement) 130; hind foot 44; ear 25.

Skull: condylo-basal length 50°5 ; zygomatic breadth 32 ;

interorbital breadth 10°4; breadth of brain-case 23°5 ;

palatal length 24 ; breadth between outer corners of p* 19 ;

p*, length on outer edge 3°8, greatest diameter 5:1; breadth

of m' 4°7.

Hab. Lamu, coast of British East Africa.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 11.10.26.1. Presented

alive to the Zoological Society by the Rev. W. D.

Braginton, and given at death to the National Museum.

This species is at once distinguished from the other East

African forms of Helogale by the almost complete suppression

of the buffy, rufous, or ochraceous tones generally present,

especially on the muzzle, cheeks, and under surface. Even

the comparatively greyish Somali species, H. atkinsont, is

tawny or ochraceous on the throat and inguinal region,

though, like Z/. vetula, it has a greyish head.

From H. hirtula the present species is separated by its

buffy instead of blackish toes.

Helogale percivalt, sp. n.

A dark grey species with blackish limbs.

Fur close, finely speckled, not loose and shaggy as in

new African Carnivores. 725

IT, hirtula, though the isolated longer hairs in the fur are

unusually numerous, General colour above dark finely

speckled greyish brown of a tone unlike that of any other

species—a sort of greyish bistre; the underfur blackish for

its basal half, dull ochraceous buff terminally. Head be-

tween burnt umber and vandyke-brown; chin and inter-

ramia similar. Belly darker brown ; inguinal region paler.

Forearms from elbows blackish brown, darkening on digits to

black ; fore claws rather larger than usual. Feet dark grizzled

brown, the digits blackish brown. ‘Tail dark speckled brown,

not becoming more rufous terminally above, although there

is an inconspicuous rufous line below, more obvious basally.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 225 mm.; tail 175; hind foot 47;

ear 21.

Skull: condylo-basal length 505; zygomatic breadth 30 ;

interorbital breadth 10; breadth of brain-case 22°5 ; front

of canine to back of m* 17°4; p*, length on outer edge 4:1,

greatest diameter 6 ; m’, breadth 4°5; m”, breadth 4.

Hab, Orr Valley, near Mt. Nyiro, N. British E. Africa,

4500’.

Type. Adult male. Original number 427. Collected

31st March, 1911, by Mr. A. Blayney Percival.

This striking species is distinguishable by the combination

of blackish feet with rufous head, the other rutous- or buffy-

headed forms all having similarly rufous feet.

Helogale hirtula lutescens, subsp. n.

Like the typical Airtula of the highlands of Central Somali,

but with the posterior back suffused with dull buffy. Throat

and belly with the dull rufescent colour replaced by grey on

the former and brownish on the latter part. In other

respects as in Adrtula, including the blackish digits.

f* of the type, greatest diameter 6°2 ; m! 5:6.

External measurements of the Webi specimen :—

Head and body 243 mm.; tail 185; hind foot 45;

ear 15.

Hab. (of type). Lake Rudolf, on the plains near the N.

end of the Lake. Another specimen from Italian Somali-

land.

Type. Young male. B.M. no. 6.11.1.19. Original

number 126. Collected 7th August, 1905, by Ph. C. Zaphiro.

Presented by W. N. MeMillan, Esq.

The Museum owes to Dr. R. BH. Drake-Brockman an adult

example of this buffy-backed form of H. hirtula, obtained

726 On new African Carnivores.

by him at Afgo, Webi River, Italian Somaliland. But un-

fortunately its skull has been lost, and I therefore take as

type Mr. Zaphiro’s specimen from Lake Rudolf. Allowing

for the difference of age, the two specimens appear to agree

closely with each other, and equally to differ from the grey-

backed H. hirtula.

Lutra maculicollis nilotica, subsp. n.

Larger than in the other subspecies, the throat white-

spotted.

Size, as gauged by skull, larger than in true maculicollis

and in LZ. m. matschiei. General colour as usual. Lips

white-edged, throat profusely spotted with white, a few

white spots also in the inguinal region.

Skull, both of male and female, decidedly larger than in

the corresponding sexes of maculicollis and matschiet, the

difference most pronounced in the male. Brain-case high

and vaulted. ‘Teeth comparatively large.

Skull-measurements of adult male and female specimens :—

Condylo-basal length 113°5 mm., 105; basal length 103°5,

96°8 ; zygomatic breadth 69, 63; interorbital breadth 20:5,

18:5; mastoid breadth 59,54; height of brain-case from

between bulle 41, 40°5 ; front of canine to back of m! 34:5,

32:2 ; p*, length on outer edge 12°4, 11°3; greatest diameter

of m! 12°8, 10°6.

Hab. Malek, just south of Bor, Upper Nile.

Type. Adult male. Original number 2. Two skulls and

three skins, obtained from the Dinkas by the Rev. Archibald

Shaw, of the Church Missionary Society, by whom they were

sent to Mr. A. L. Butler, of Khartoum.

While there is no question that this otter may be readily

distinguished from the true ZL. maculicollis of South and

Central Africa and L. m. matschiet of the Congo and Gulf

of Guinea by its greater size, there is some doubt about the

Abyssinian otter described by O. Neumann as L. concolor *.

But Prof. Neumann expressly states that of many skins of

ZL. concolor examined, none had any light throat-markings

(these being present in all three of Mr. Butler’s skins) and

that the animal inhabited the Hawash river-basin on the

eastern side of the watershed, and not the Nilotie river-

system at all.

* SB. Ges. nat. Fr. Berl, 1902, p. 55.

On new Rodents from Sze-chwan. 727

LXXXIJI.—WNew Rodents from Sze-chwan collected by

Capt. F. M. Bailey. By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE British Museum owes to the kindness of Capt. F. M.

Bailey a number of small mammals obtained by him in

Western Sze-chwan, during a recent shooting-trip to that

rich and little-known country.

Besides examples of Mustela sibirica, Scturus castaneo-

ventris, Dremomys pernyt, and Marmota robusta, the col-

lection contains examples of the following new forms.

Myospalaw bailey?, sp. n.

Allied to M. cansus, but tail shorter, feet hairy, and m’

different.

Size about as in JZ, cansus. Colour grey, with scarcely

any drabby tinge, the tone therefore markedly greyer than

in the allied species. Under surface slaty, washed with very

pale drab. Head darkened on crown, a small whitish nose-

patch. Hands and feet white, closely hairy to the bases of

the claws, the latter proportionally large. ‘Tail unusually

short, little longer than the hind foot, white throughout.

Skull essentially like that of A/. cansus, with some slight

differences. Nasals surpassing the premaxille posteriorly.

Crown with the limiting lines of the masseteric foss ap-

proaching each other more closely posteriorly than at the

fronto-parietal suture, the reverse being nearly always the

ease in J/. cansus. Occiput with a median crest.

Teeth as in MM. cansus, except that the postero-external

lobe of m* is larger and has a fairly deep re-entrant angle

between two projecting angles on its outer side, and a shallow

re-entrant angle on its inner side ; as a consequence, there

are two re-entrant angles on the inner side of the tooth, and

three on the outer, where also there are four salient angles,

Below, the anterior lobe of m, is rather more developed, and

there are three re-entrant angles on its inner side.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 173 mm.; tail 83; hind foot 26.

Skull: greatest length 48; condylo-incisive length 39°6 ;

zygomatic breadth 29; nasals 17:7 ; interorbital breadth 8°3 ;

breadth on transverse crest 28°5; palatilar length 20°3;

palatal foramina 6°6; upper molar series (crowns) 9°5;

(alveoli) 9°8.

728 On new Rodents from Sze-chwan.

Hab. Rama Song, between Nag-chu-ka (=Ko-kou) and

T'a-tsien-lu, W. Sze-chwan.

Type. Male. B.M. no. 11. 10.3.6. Original number 4.

Collected 21st May, 1911, and presented by Capt. F. M.

Bailey.

Tibetan name “ Chu-lo.”

This is the first example of the remarkable genus Myo-

spalax to be found in Sze-chwan, and it is therefore probably

very local in distribution. Its nearest geographical ally is

M. cansus of TVao-chou, Kan-su, some 400 kilometres to the

northward, and it is also most nearly allied to that animal

zoologically, but may be distinguished by its hairy feet (that

species having them nearly naked), its shorter tail, and its

more complicated m*.

Ochotona roylei chinensis, subsp. n.

Allied to true roylet and to “ nepalensis,”

Nasals longer.

General colour, in winter pelage, very similar to that of

O. roylei and mepalensis, but clearer and paler grey, and

entirely without the rufous tinge nearly invariably found on

the head and flanks in that animal. Subtermiral rings on

the body-hairs almost white, without buffy suffusion. ‘lips

of belly-hairs greyish white, not buffy or drab. Ears not

especially large, metentote greyish with pale brown edge.

Upper surface of hands and feet greyish white, with scarcely

a trace of buffy tinge.

Of the summer pelage, two small patches are to be found

on the specimen. One, behind the ear, is pale ochraceous,

much paler than the warm ochraceous-rufous of the summer

ear-patches of QO. roylet. The other patch is on the flank,

and again differs from the corresponding fur of O. roylet by

its paler colour, as indicated by the whitish subterminal rings

to the hairs.

Skull, on the whole, very like that of O. roylec, but the

nasals are longer and narrower, and the bulle are rather

smaller. ‘Two well-marked interorbital vacuities present in

the type.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 180; hind foot 32; ear 30.

Skull: greatest length 46°5 ; condylo-incisive length 44°3 ;

greatest breadth 23 ; nasals 15°7 x 5°6 ; interorbital breadth

5°5; breadth of brain-case 18:3; palatal foramina 12°8;

upper molar series (alveoli) 8:6.

Hab. Yara-tsa-ga, near Ta-tsien-lu, Sze-chwan. 13,000’.

but greyer.

Osteology and Classification of the Gobioid Fishes. 729

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 11.10.3.7. Collected

16th May, 1911, and presented by Capt. I’. M. Bailey.

This Pika is an eastern (Chinese) representative of O.ne-

palensis, the Nepal and Sikhim form, currently synonymized

with O. roylei, but possibly itself subspecifically separable

from that animal.

The only species previously known from this region was

the much smaller O. ¢ibetana, of which also Capt. Bailey

obtained a specimen.

LXXXIII.—The Osteology and Classification of the Gob/oid

Fishes. By C. Tate Reaan, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tue Gobioids are Teleostean fishes of the order Percomorphi ;

they differ from the Percoids in several features of specializa-

tion and form a well-marked suborder, which may be charac-

terized as follows :—

Suborder GOBIOIDEA.

Spinous dorsal, when present, of a few flexible spines ;

anal similar to soft dorsal, without or with but a feeble spine ;

pelvic fins thoracic or subjugular, each of a weak spine and

4 or 5 soft rays. Gill-membranes attached to isthmus.

Skull depressed, more or less contracted between and ex-

panded behind the orbits ; parietals absent; epiotics separated

by supraoccipital ; exoccipital condyles wide apart ; opisthotics

large, reaching basioccipital and separating exoccipitals from

pro-oties; no basisphenoid and no myodome. Nasals and

preorbitals thin lamine loosely attached to lateral ethmoids ;

suborbitals unossified. Hyomandibular very broad ; a large

foramen between symplectic, quadrate, and preoperculum ;

mesopterygoid slender or absent; palatine with a well-

developed maxillary process supported by an apophysis of the

lateral ethmoid; preemaxillaries protractile, with posterior

pedicels ; lower pharyngeals separate. Post-temporal forked ;

post-cleithrum single; pectoral radials 4, large, laminar,

united to form a plate. Vertebre 25 to 34; first centrum

with a pair of lateral apophyses which articulate with the

exoccipital condyles; ribs on well-developed transverse

parapophyses; epipleurals on ribs.

730 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

Family 1. Eleotride.

Pelvic fins separate. Palatine with an ascending stem

articulating directly with a lateral ethmoid apophysis behind

the origin of the maxillary process; mesopterygoid narrow,

eee eae

Yo ~eor

Eleotris marmorata. Lower jaw, hyo-palatine and opercular bones,

and skull seen from above and from below.

d, dentary ; a’, articulare; az, angulare; pal, palatine ; pt, pterygoid ;

ms, mesoptervgoid ; mt, metapterygoid; g, quadrate; Am, hyo-

mandibular; sy, symplectic; pop, preoperculum ; op, operculum ;

sop, Suboperculum; zop, interoperculum ; proy, preorbital ; , nasal ;

v, vomer; eth, mesethmoid ; leth, lateral ethmoid; 7, frontal; spo,

sphenotic; pro, pro-otic; pto, pterotic; opo, opisthotic; epo, epiotic;

psp, parasphenoid; doc, basioccipital; eoe, exoccipital; soc, supra-

occipital ; ptte, post-temporal.

but well developed. Hypercoracoid and hypocoracoid well

developed ; radials inserted on hypercoracoid, hypocoracoid,

and on the ligamentous or cartilaginous tissue between these

bones. Vertebrae 25 to 28 (10-12 + 14-17).

Osteology and Classification of the Gobioid Fishes, 731

Genera: Oxymepoton, Toglossus, Philypnus, Dormitator,

Eleotris, Odontobutis, Asterropterya, Rhiachichthys, &c., &e.

According to Starks (‘Science,’ xxxiii. 1911, p. 2) the

condition of the shoulder-girdle in the Gobioids, as exempli-

fied by Dormitator maculatus, is as follows :—‘‘ The coracoid

elements and the actinosts are arranged in a continuous row

on the posterior edge of the clavicle; the hypercoracoid

above, next tle actinosts, and ending below with the hypo-

coracoid—the actinosts attached directly with the clavicle,

and separating the coracoid elements widely from each other.”

I have examined Dormitator maculatus, and find that the

pectoral arch closely resembles that of Eleotris marmorata

(fig. 2, A), differing only in that the coracoid elements are

more widely separated, so that the whole of the third radial

and a small part of the second and fourth articulate with the

ligamentous tissue separating the hypercoracoid from the

hypocoracoid.

Stark’s description applies to Gegenbaur’s figure of

Gobius guttatus, but not to any actual Gobioid fish, and I am

unable to accept his suggestion that the Gobioids may be an

offshoot of the Scorpznoids ; the resemblance of the pectoral

arch of the Gobioids to that of the Cottida is not very close,

for the relation of the first radial to the hypercoracoid is

quite different in the two groups; from this it results that in

the Cottide the hypercoracoid persists above the first radial,

whereas in the Gobiide it is suppressed.

Family 2. Gobiide.

Pelvic fins, when well developed, united, usually forming

an adhesive cup or disc. Palatine T-shaped, with a posterior

process for articulation with the lateral ethmoid; meso-

pterygoid vestigial or absent. Hypercoracoid absent; radials

inserted on the cleithrum, only the lowest in contact with the

hypocoracoid (fig. 2, B, C).

The Gobiide closely resemble the Eleotride in their osteo-

logy except for the characters of specialization enumerated

above, although the interorbital region is usually narrower

and may even be compressed to a vertical lamina (Perto-

phthalmus) with obliteration of the interfrontal suture.

Emery has given some figures of the head-skeleton of Gobius

capito (Faun. u. Flor. d. Golf. v. Neapel, ii. 1880, pl. iii.

figs. 28, 29,33). These are incorrect in some particulars ; in

fig. 28 the epiotics are shown as divided into parietals and

epiotics, whilst in fig. 33 the mesopterygoid, which is a

small splint on the upper edge of the pterygoid, is not shown,

732 Osteology and Classification of the Gobioid Fishes.

the metapterygoid is identified as mesopterygoid, the sym-

plectic as metapterygoid, and part of the preeoperculum as

symplectic.

Pectoral fin-skeleton of :—A. Eleotris marmorata; B. Gobius capito ;

and C. Periophthalmus kelreutert,

cl, cleithrum ; sc, hypercoracoid ; cor, hypocoracoid ; 7, radials.

Subfamily 1. Gozzrwz.

Eyes not erectile; base of pectoral fin normal. Pectoral

radials moderately elongate, inserted on a very narrow ridge

of the cleithrum ; hypocoracoid small, the foramen between

it and cleithrum minute or absent.

The genera may be arranged thus :—

I. Spinous dorsal, when present, separate; soft dorsal free from

caudal; pectorals large ; vertebra 25 to 28 (10-12+15-17),

Gobius, Latrunculus, Gobiodon, Hoplopomus, Crypto-

centrus, Chasmias, Tridentiger, Crystallogobius,

Luciogobius, Leucosparion, Sicydium, &e., &e.

II. Vertical fins confluent; pectorals small or moderate.

A. Vertebre 28 or 29 (11417-18);

caudal vertebra elongate ...... Gobioides, Tenioides.

B. Vertebree 34 (10-424); caudal ver-

pobres Normal de si. keds Reset Trypauchen, Trypauchenichthys.

In Trypauchenichthys the pelvic fins are small, separate,

each of a spine and four soft rays, the two inner vestigial ;

in the other Gobiine each pelvic fin has five soft rays and

they are united to form a disc.

Ona new West-African Squirrel. 73:

Subfamily 2. Perroparw4arMinx.

Eyes close together, prominent, erectile ; base of pectoral

fin very muscular. Pectoral radials elongate, inserted on a

broad laminar ridge of the cleithrum; hypocoracoid and

cleithrum enclosing a large foramen. Vertebre 25 or 26

(10-11 + 14-16).

Periophthalmus, Boleophthalmus.

Family 3. Psammichthyide.

The little fish from the Seychelles which I named

Psammichthys nudus * and placed in the family ‘Trichonotidze

agrees better with the Gobioids in fin-structure and in the

number of vertebrae, and may provisionally be referred to

this suborder. ‘The body is elongate, naked; the eyes are

very small and close together; the mouth is oblique, with

the lower jaw prominent, pointed, and with narrow bands of

teeth in the jaws; the gill-openings are wide, but the gill-

membranes are narrowly joined to the isthmus. ‘The

vertebra, judging by the myotomes, number 24 or 25. The

dorsal fin is single, of 19 rays, the first five spinous, the last

spine rather distant from the fourth and from the first soft

ray ; the anal has 14 rays, the first a feeble spine, the caudal

11 principal rays (9 branched), the pectoral 8 rays. The

pelvic fins are separate, close together, a little in advance of

the pectorals, each of a spine and 5 soft rays.

LXXXIV.—Ona new West-African Squirrel presented to the

British Museum by Mr. P. A. Talbot. By Guy Dotiman,

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Funisciurus auriculatus olivia, subsp. n.

Allied to Funisciurus auriculatus boydi, Thos.

Size and proportions about as in boydi. General colour

of dorsal surface very different from that of the allied forms ;

nape of neck and shoulders pale yellowish olive, without the

conspicuous dark black tint present in auriculatus and boydi.

Posterior back and rump bright yellowish buff, washed with

* Trans. Linn. Soc. 2nd ser. Zool. xii. 1908, p. 246, pl. xxsi. fig, 1.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 49

734 On a new West-African Squirrel.

light brown, the general effect markedly different from the

reddish colour of Joydi and true auriculatus. Flanks much

the same colour as back, paler and more generally speckled

with yellowish olive, especially near the ventral surface.

Light lateral stripes rather clearer than in the Cameroon

species, posterior portions broken up into distinct light

yellowish spots. Limbs similar in colour to shoulders, the

hind limbs fairly sharply marked off from the buff tint of

the rump and posterior back. Face, forehead, and back of

head bright orange-rufous (dead leaf no. 3, ‘ Répertoire de

Couleurs”), without the conspicuous black speckling present

in boydi, the entire head appearing rufous. Dark patches

behind ears fairly well defined. Backs of hands and feet dull

brownish red, rather similar in colour to those of true auri-

culatus, much less rufous than in doydi. Ventral surface of

body pale buff, a great deal paler than in the allied forms.

Tail as in auriculatus.

The skull of the type is unfortunately missing, as is also

the skull of the only other specimen of this new form, but

the general characters of the skin leave no room for doubt

as regards its affinities with the auriculatus group.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 184 mm. ; tail 154; hind foot 45; ear 18.

Hab. Oban District, Southern Nigeria. Altitude 500 feet.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 11. 11. 16. 1. Original

number 42. Collected by Mr. P. A. Talbot on September

23rd, 1911, and presented by him to the British Museum,

This handsome squirrel is readily distinguished from the

allied forms by the hright yellowish coloration of the hind-

quarters and posterior back, the yellowish-olive neck,

shoulders and limbs, the almost pure rufous-orange colour

of the head, without any conspicuous black speckling, and by

the pale buff tint of the entire ventral surface. Funisciurus

auriculatus, a. boydi, and a. beatus are all much more rufous

on the back, a great deal darker on the neck and shoulders,

richer in colour on the ventral surface, and with the posterior

portion of the head speckled with black or yellow and black.

Mr. Talbot obtained two specimens of this beautiful new

squirrel, both collected near Oban at the conclusion of the

journey across Nigeria which he recently made in company

with Miss Olive MacLeod, and it is in honour of Miss

MacLeod that this new form is named.

On new Oriental Homoptera.

LXXXV.—Deseriptions of new Genera and Species of

Oriental Homoptera. By W. L. Distant.

Fam. Fulgorida.

Subfam. Crxrm2z.

Oliarus indica, sp. 0.

Head black, the margins of the vertex ochraceous ; pro-

notum and mesonotum black, the margins of the first and

the central carinations and lateral margins of the latter

ochraceous ; abdomen above black, the segmental margins

more or less ochraceous; face black, its central carination

and lateral margins ochraceous; body beneath and legs

ochraceous or brownish ochraceous ; tegmina creamy white,

subhyaline, with bronzy-brown suffusions, these consist of

a narrow basal fascia,a broader and more irregular fascia

before middle, but neither reaching costal nor inner areas, and

an oblique fascia extending from middle of apical margin,

where it is broadest, and terminating a little beyond claval

apex, the veins and stigma are also fuscous brown ; wings

subhyaline, the veins fuscous brown; vertex longer than

broad, the lateral margins strongly elevated; pronotal

margins moderately prominent; mesonotum with longi-

tudinal ridges ; face obtusely angulated near middle.

Long., excl. teem., 5 mm. ; exp. tegm. 19 mm.

Hab. “India” (Brit. Mus.).

Allied to O. caudatus, Walk., but differing in the more

angulated margins of the face, suffusions to tegmina, different

coloration, &c.

Oliarus greeni, sp. n.

Vertex, pronotum, and mesonotum black ; margins of

vertex and pronotum ochraceous, the longitudinal ridges to

mesonotum concolorous or faintly testaceous; abdomen

above black, ochraceous at base; face and clypeus mostly

black, their margins and central ridge ochraceous ; sternum

and legs more or less ochraceous, the latter streaked with

piceous ; abdomen beneath black, the base, segmental mar-

gins, and anal appendages ochraceous; tegmina and wings

hyaline with black markings, of which there are three spots

in transverse series about one-third from base, all the

transverse veins beyond middle, the stigma, an apical spot

beyond it, about five smaller subapical spots, and minute

49*

736 Mr. W. L. Distant on

spots at the apices of the longitudinal veins to apical

areas; wings with the veins darker but unspotted ; vertex

longer than broad, the margins strongly ridged, face

longer than breadth before clypeus, gradually and scme-

what convexly widened to base of clypeus, the margins

and central ridge strongly developed; mesonotum with

five longitudinal ridges; tegmina about twice as long as

broad.

Long., excl. tegm., 4-5 mm. ; exp. tegm. 11-15 mm.

Hab. Ceylon; Kandy, Eppawela (Green, Brit. Mus.).

To be placed near O. stigma, Motsch.

Oliarus annandalet, sp. n.

Head ochraceous, the vertex between the marginal ridges

black ; pronotum ochraceous, with a transverse piceous

foveate line on each side ; mesonotum shining black, the

longitudinal ridges concolorous ; abdomen above black, the

posterior segmental margins ochraceous; face black, the

marginal and central ridges ochraceous; sternum black;

abdomen beneath and legs ochraceous, femora more or less

streaked with piceous; tegmina hyaline, a broad bronzy-

brown fascia near base and a little more than apical third

fuscous brown; wings hyaline, the veins a little darker ;

vertex longer than broad, the marginal ridges strongl

developed ;_ pronotum very short, especially at middle,

marginal ridges strongly developed ; mesonotum with five

discal longitudinal ridges ; posterior tibie with a distinct

submedial spine ; tegmina about three times longer than

broad, the stigma elongately triangular, ochraceous, its inner

margin black.

Long., excl. tegm., 44 mm.; exp. tegm. 12 mm.

Hab. Lower Bengal; Port Canning (Annandale, Ind.

Mus.).

Olarus hodgart?, sp, n.

Allied to the preceding species, O. annandalet, but with the

vertex shorter and broader; tegmina shorter and com-

paratively broader, less than three times longer than broad

and without a broad basal bronzy fascia; face a little

narrower and the lateral margins less convexly rounded.

Long., excl. tegm., 4 mm.; exp. tegm. 94-10 mm.

Hab. Bengal ; Goalbathan (2. Hodgart). Bandel, Hooghly

District (C. Paiva). Chapra (Mackenzie, Brit. Mus.). Sara

ae River Ganges (J. 7. Jenkins). Kurseong (EB. Hima-

ayas).

new Oriental Homoptera. 737

In some specimens the fuscous apical area to the tegmina

is almost obliterated, but the veins there are then distinctly

infuscated,

Oliarus simle, sp. n.

Body above black, margins of vertex and pronotum,

lateral margins and central-longitudinal ridges to mesonotum,

and posterior segmental margins to abdomen ochraceous ;

face black, about posterior half, the lateral margins, and the

central carination ochraceous ; body beneath and legs black

or piceous; rostrum (excluding apex), base of abdomen,

posterior segmental margins, tibiz, tarsi, and apices of

femora more or less ochraceous ; ; tegmina ad wings hyaline,

the former with more than half of the venation dull ochra-

ceous, somewhat thickly covered with longly setose granules,

veins of the apical area mostly black, stigma elongate, black ;

vertex elongate, distinctly longer than broad, its lateral

margins strongly elevated ; mesonotum with five central

ridges; face nearly twice as long as broad, the central and

lateral ridges acute ; tegmina about three times as long as

broad,

Long., excl. tegm., 54 mm. ; exp. tegm, 14 mm.

flab, Simla (Brit. Mus.).

Allied to O. caudatus, Walk., but differing principally by

the narrower and longer face and vertex.

Oliarus kurseongensis, sp. n.

Closely allied in general appearance to the preceding

species, O. stm/e, but differing in the broader vertex (in that

respect more like O. caudatus, Walk.), the narrower and

black face, the central ridge and lateral margins of which are

alone testaceous, and in the two discal transverse veins ot

the tegmina situate almost in a line with the commence-

ment of the stigma, being both almost perpendicular and in

a line with one another, not angulated as in O. simle, and

more especially by a perfectly straight and continuous

transverse vein on the disk of the apical area a little before

the bases of the apical cells.

Long., excl. tegm., 44 mm. ; exp. tegm. 12-12} mm.

Hab. E. Himalayas ; Kurseong (Ind. Mus.).

Oliarus nuware, sp. n

Resembling the two previous species, U. stmle and

0. kurseongensis, in general appearance, but differing in the

following structural characters :—Vertex longer than broad,

738 Mr. W. L. Distant on

thus resembling O. simlw; face (excluding central and

lateral marginal ridges) wholly black, thus resembling

O. kurseongensis: the most salient differences in the three

species are found in the venation of the tegmina; in

O. nuware there are three discal transverse veins a little

beyond middle, in O. simle two, the lowermost faint, in

O. kurseongensis there are two, and in addition a perfectly

straight and continuous transverse vein on the disk of the

apical area.

Long., excl. tegm., 4 mm.; exp. tegm. 12 mm.

Hab. Ceylon; Nuwara Eliya, Peradeniya (Green, Brit.

Mus.).

Oliarus binghami, sp. n.

Body above castaneous ; margins of vertex and pronotum,

posterior margins of mesonotum, and posterior abdominal

segmental margins ochraceous ;- head beneath (including

face), sternum, and legs pale castaneous or brownish ochra-

ceous ; abdomen beneath of the colour and markings of the

upper surface; tegmina greyish white, subopaque, the

venation brow nish, “and with the following fuscous-brown

markings—three narrow spots in costal membrane, three

somewhat long curved linear spots beneath costal membrane

and a little beyond base, and some larger maculate markings

on apical area, consisting of a spot at end of stigma, a

transverse fascia before apex, apical margin and a large

internal fasciate spot beneath stigma, which is bifureate

towards inner margin and there enclosing a pale spot ;

wings very pale fuliginous with the veins darker; vertex

foveate with a central carination, the margins strongly

ridged; margins of pronotum strongly ridged ; mesonotum

with five central carinations; face centrally and medially

strongly ridged.

Long., excl. tegm., 6 mm.; exp. tegm. 18 mm.

flab. Rangoon (Bingham, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to O. stigma, Motsch.

Mnemosyne cingalensis, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum piceous, the carinate

margins of vertex and the carinations to mesonotum testa-

ceous, the margins of pronotum ochraceous; abdomen above

brownish ochraceous, the segmental margins paler; body

beneath pitchy brown, the legs brownish ochraceous ; teg-

mina milky white, subopaque, and with fuscous-brown spots

and markings, these consist principally of three double sets

new Oriental Homoptera. 739

of small spots in costal membrane, the stigma, and a broad

irregular longitudinal suffusion from base to apex, the

venation also fuscous brown; wings very pale fuliginous,

the veins darker; vertex longer than broad, the margins

strongly carinate ; margins to pronotum carinate ; mesonotum

with five central longitudinal carinations ; face centrally

and marginally strongly carinate, the central carination

bifureate at apex ; clypeus centrally and marginally carinate ;

female with a long central abdominal apical appendage ;

posterior tibia with a distinct spine near middle.

Long., excl. tegm., 64 mm.; exp. tegm. 18 mm.

Hab. Ceylon; Trincomalee (Green, Brit. Mus.).

ADZAPALA, gen. noy.

Head moderately large and prominent, eyes large, longer

than broad, vertex longer than broad, distinctly concave, the

Jateral margins carinate; face large, posteriorly about as

broad as long, centrally longitudinally carinate, the carina-

tion anteriorly bifurcate, the anterior margin about half the

breadth of the posterior margin, a distinct transverse incision

level with the posterior margins of the eyes, before clypeus

distinctly concave, an ocellus on each side near posterior

margin ; clypeus large and broad, almost as long as face,

centrally carinate ; pronotum very short, strongly straightly

angulate ; mesonotum large, considerably longer than head

and pronotum together, with five central carinations ; abdo-

inen broad and robust ; posterior tibize strongly spined near

middle ; tegmina more than twice as long as broad, distinctly

angulately sinuate beyond clavus, claval vein not extending

much beyond the middle of clavus, stigma large, inwardly

convexly rounded, two waved series of transverse veins, one

beyond middle, the other nearer apex, thus defining re-

spectively apical and anteapical cells, apical margin rounded ;

wings shorter and at base about as broad as tegmina, two

oblique discal transverse veins beyond middle.

‘This genus by the five carinations to the tegmina is allied

to both Oliarus and Mnemosyne, from both of which it differs

by the structure of the face and the sinuate tegmina beyond

the apex of clavus.

Adzapala greeni, sp. n.

Vertex dull ochraceous, eyes piceous ; pro- and mesonota

piceous, the carinations to the latter testaceous ; abdomen

above tuscous brown, the lateral areas ochraceous; face

740 Mr. W. L. Distant on

greenish ochraceous, a broad transverse piceous fascia be-

tween the eyes, and the clypeus also of the latter colour ;

body beneath almost entirely piceous, the legs ochraceous,

femora (excluding apices) piceous; tegmina hyaline, the

veins brownish with minute setose piceous spots, the

transverse veins prominently fuscous brown, costal margin

with transverse piceous spots, basal area and the area of thie

inner transverse veins more or less bronzy brown; wings

slightly pale fuliginous, the veins darker.

Long., excl. tegm., 44 mm. ; exp. tegm. 114 mm.

Hab. Ceylon ; Trincomalee (Green, Brit. Mus.).

ADOLENDA, gen. nov.

Vertex somewhat triangular, the margins strongly ridged,

the angles of the face visible from above ; face long and

slender, narrowest between eyes and distinctly projecting

above them, the margins strongly ridged, a distinct ocellus

before clypeus, which is short and strongly, centrally, and

laterally ridged; pronotum very short, the lateral areas a

little ampliate, the posterior margin strongly angularly

emarginate ; mesonotum a little longer than head and pro-

notum together, tricarinate, the lateral carinations oblique ;

abdomen moderately broad and robust; legs slender, posterior

tibie unarmed ; tegmina three times as long as broad, costal

membrane broad and unveined, at its apex a cell enclosing

stigma, beneath this three distinct subapical cells, beyond

these a central longitudinal cell reaching apex, on each side

of which are connected oblique cells, claval vein not reaching

apex of clavus; wings broader and shorter than tegmina,

two transverse veins on disk and two apical triangular

cells. ;

Allied to the Neotropical genus G?ecleus, Stal.

Adolenda typica, sp. n.

Vertex, pronotum, and mesonotum brownish ochraceous,

margins of vertex and pronotum, and margins and carinations

to mesonotum, dull ochraceous ; abdomen above piceous,

narrowly ochraceous at base; head, sternum, and legs oclira-

ceous; abdomen beneath piceous; tegmina hyaline, the

veins piceous and with the following fuscous-brown spots:

a stigmatal spot, two below costal membrane, the outermost

connected with a short curved fascia which extends sub-

marginally round posterior half of vertex, and three spots on

inner margin, the basal one largest; wings hyaline, the

veins darker.

Long., excl. tegm., 4 mm.; exp, tegm. 11 mm.

Hab. Simla (Brit. Mus.).

new Oriental Homoptera. 741

Anila versicolor, sp. n.

Vertex, pronotum, and mesonotum black ; lateral margins

of vertex, margins of pronotum, and posterior margins of

metanotum pitchy brown ; abdomen above ochraceous, trans-

verse basal and apical fascize black ; face and sternum black ;

abdomen beneath and legs ochraceous ; tegmina hyaline

with fuscous and ochraceous shadings, the first consisting of

a basal fascia, stigma and a subapical transverse fascia,

darkest anteriorly and posteriorly, the ochraceous shadings

consist of a broad transverse fascia before middle and a more

broken fascia beyond middle ; wings hyaline, the venation

and apex distinctly infuscate ; vertex as long as_ broad,

the lateral margins raised and laminate; face longer than

broad, truncate anteriorly (where it is narrowest) and con-

cavely emarginate posteriorly (where it is broadest) ; clypeus

moderately convex, centrally and laterally carinate ; posterior

tibiw with two spines; tegmina veined as in generic

diagnosis.

Long., excl. tegm., 4 mm. ; exp. tegm. 13 mm.

Hab. Lebong, 4500 feet (/. M. Howlett, Brit. Mus.).

COMMOLENDA, gen. nov.

Vertex a little broader than long, centrally and laterall

carinate, not extending beyond eyes, the frontal angles of the

face visible above ; face as long as greatest breadth, widened

towards clypeus, anterior margin truncate, posterior margin

somewhat strongly emarginate, centrally carinate, the mar-

gins ampliately reflexed and ridged, an ocellus on each side

of posterior margin; clypeus shorter than face, centrally

and laterally ridged ; pronotum exceedingly short, strongly

waved and ridged ; mesonotum longer, but not twice as long

as pronotum and vertex together, tricarinate; abdomen

moderately robust; tegmina less than twice as long as

greatest breadth, costal margin distinctly waved, moderately

but distinctly broadened towards apices which are rounded,

claval vein not reaching apex ; wings a little shorter and

broader than tegmina ; posterior tibicee unarmed,

Allied to the genus Kirbyana from Ceylon.

Commolenda deusta, sp. n.

Vertex, pronotum, mesonotum, face, and sternum fuscous

brown; legs ochraceous; abdomen black, the apical area and

narrow segmental margins ochraceous; wings hyaline, the

veins thickly covered with small dark granules, basal half

742 Mr. W. L. Distant on

with numerous small fuscous spots, of which the largest one

is above the clavus, on apical half several waved fuscous

lines, the apices of the apical veins also fuscous ; wings

hyaline, the veins darker.

Long., excl. tegm., 3 mm.; exp. tegm. 11 mm.

flab, Central India (Brit. Mus.).

A single specimen thus labelled is my only knowledge of

this species.

PARAMICRIXIA, gen. nov.

Head much shorter than the anterior margin of the pro-

notum, vertex short and narrow, a little widened anteriorly,

the apices of the lateral margins prominent ; face moderately

Jong and narrow, gradually widening to clypeus, the lateral

margins strongly ridged ; clypeus shorter than face, centrally

ridged; pronotum short but broad, centrally ridged, the

lateral angles distinctly spined ; mesonotum about as long as

pronotum and vertex together, tricarinate, the central carina-

tion straight, the sublateral ones more or less curved ;

abdomen short and broad; legs somewhat slender, posterior

tibiz not spined ; tegmina and wings hyaline; tegmina only

slightly more than twice as long as broad, the apex sub-

conically rounded, costal membrane large and distinct, at

its apex and beneath stigma is a somewhat rounded cell,

its inner margin connected by sinuate transverse veins to the

posterior margin near claval apex, three apical cells beyond

stigma and two cells caused by vein-bifurcation on apical

margin; wings about as broad as but shorter than tegmina,

two ‘apical cells caused by vein-bifurcation.

This peculiar genus finds its ally in the Mexican Merixia,

Fowl.

Paramicriaia diaphana, sp. n.

Body above bronzy black; lateral margins of vertex

testaceous ; body beneath black; apex of clypeus, rostrum,

basal area of abdomen, and the femora more or less ochra

ceous, tibize piceous; lateral margins of face testaceous, a

little greyish before clypeus ; tegmina and wings hyaline and

unmarked, save by the dark venation and the very narrow

piceous margins, the margin at the stigmatal area is slightly

more pronounced.

Long., excl. tegm., 3 mm. ; exp. tegm. 9 mm.

Hab. Bengal (Brit. Mus.).

The British Museum possesses a single specimen of this

interesting species.

new Oriental Homoptera. 743

Mundopa vagans, sp. n.

Vertex, pronotum, and mesonotum black, abdomen above

pale piceous with the segmental margins paler; face black,

the lateral margins paler; clypeus black; sternum and

abdomen beneath ochraceous with piceous suffusions ; legs

ochraceous, femora more or less suffused with piceous ;

tegmina fuscous brown, the veins darker, the stigma piceous

with its basal margin greyish white, before the apical area a

series of about four discal elongate, very obscure greyish-

white spots ; wings fuscous brown, the veins darker; vertex

with the lateral margins ampliately and apically subacute ;

face longer than broad, the lateral margins laminately raised

and witha distinct basal ocellus.

Long., excl. tegm., 2 mm.; exp. tegm. 8 mm.

Hab, Ceylon; Galle (Bainbrigge #letcher, Brit. Mus.).

Calcutta (Annandale, Ind. Mus.).

Mundopa regina, sp. n.

Head and thorax black; head somewhat greyishly tomen-

tose; vertex and pronotum with the lateral and basal

margins testaceous; abdomen above dark testaceous; face

black, more or less greyishly tomentose, the anterior and

lateral margins testaceous ; body beneath piceous, the legs

fuscous; tegmina pale piceous, the veins black, the basal

area obliquely cinnamomeous, the costal membrane piceous,

the costal and apical margins greyishly tomentose, a short

discal linear streak before the apical area greyish brown;

wings pale piceous, the veins black ; lateral margins of the

vertex ampliately raised and apically subacute ; face elongate,

the margins almost parallel, not posteriorly ampliate, with a

central longitudinal ridge and the lateral margins strongly

ampliately carinate, a distinct ocellus at its posterior margin ;

tegmina about twice as long as broad, costal margin

distinctly, slightly beyond middle, shortly concavely sinuate.

Long., excl. tegm., 8 mm. ; exp. tegm. 11 mm.

Hab. Vravancore (Brit. Mus.).

Mundopa balteata, sp. n.

Vertex, pronotum, and mesonotum black; margins of

vertex and pronotum testaceous; abdomen above pitchy

brown; face, clypeus, and body beneath pitchy black; legs

pale ochraceous ; tegmina bronzy brown, crossed near middle

by a transverse greyish-white tascia, before this fascia and

beneath the costal membrane the colour is considerably paler

744 Mr. W. L. Distant on

than on the apical area; margins of vertex ampliately raised

and apically subacute; face long and somewhat narrow,

strongly centrally ridged, lateral margins strongly ampliately

carinate ; mesonotum tricarinate.

Long., excl. tegm., 3 mm.; exp. tegm. 8 mm.

Hab. Ceylon ; “Nalanda (Green, Brit. Mus.).

Borysthenes strigipennis, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, mesonotum, body beneath, legs, and base

of abdomen above ochraceous, more or less thickly greyishly

tomentose, apical half of abdomen above a little darker;

tegmina very pale ochraceous, the veins darker, and between

many of the veins the colour is much darker ochraceous ;

wings pale fuliginous, the veins darker ; vertex with a

transverse impression between the eyes, the disk foveate and

the lateral margins strongly carinate, its apex, seen from

above, having the appearance of acute apical angles ; meso-

notum with three longitudinal ridges.

Long., excl. tegm., 3 mm.; exp. tegm. 10-11 mm.

Hab. E. Himalayas; Kurseong (Lynch, Ind. Mus.).

Allied to B. diversa, Dist., from which it differs by the

lesser and differently arranged macular markings of the

tegmina, the more concave face, and less developed central

ridge to same, Kc.

Borysthenes suknanicus, sp. 0.

Body above fuscous brown, more or less greyishly tomen-

tose, the head, pronotum, and mesonotum almost entirely

suffused ; the abdominal segmental margins distinctly paler ;

head beneath, sternum, and legs ochraceous; abdomen

beneath piceous, somewhat greyishly tomentose; tegmina

creamy white, with fuscous-brown markings, of which there

are two elongate spots in costal membrane, two smaller

streaks beneath them (one linear, the other curved) beyond

middle more completely fuscous brown, enclosing the

following creamy-white markings : two elongate spots, an

outer rounded, a more quadrate costal spot, and a curved

subapical fascia; wings creamy white, the veins fuscous

brown, with suffusions of the same colour at apex, disk,

and costal margin, the posterior marginal area is also

faintly suifused with pale fuscous ; anterior angles of vertex

prominent and robust, vertex transversely carinate between

the eyes; mesonotal carinations obscured by very thick

tomentosity ; tegmina very broad, their maximum breadth,

greater than that of wings; face centrally longitudinally

new Oriental Homoptera. 745

ridged, its lateral margins concavely sinuate, slightly con-

vexly rounded before clypeus.

Long., excl. tegm., 34 mm.; exp. tegm. 103 mm.

Hab. EK. Himalayas ; Sukna, 500 feet (Annandale).

Brixia plagosa, sp. n.

Vertex, pronotum, mesonotum, and abdomen above piceous ;

face, body beneath, and legs brownish ochraceous ; tegmina

pale bright ochraceous, the veins a little darker, stigma

greyish brown, three transverse series of somewhat indistinct

silvery spots more or less margined with castaneouns, the first

short and strongly oblique near base, the second longest and

slightly oblique near middle, the third short and discal

before apical area which is somewhat pale brownish, and is

inwardly marked by an obscure, rounded, narrow, greyish

fascia, margins of tegmina narrowly pale castaneous, and

with the following castaneous spots: three on costal margin

before stigma, the third longest, a larger spot beyond stigma,

a large spot on inner margin a little beyond claval apex and

a smaller one at apex of claval vein, a short transverse discal

paler spot before apical margin; wings very pale fuliginous ;

face narrowing to apex, but nct prominently compressed

between the eyes, the lateral margins strongly carinate, and

with a distinct medial ridge and basal ocellus; tegmina

about twice as long as broad.

Long., excl. tegm., 44 mm.; exp. tegm. 14 mm.

Hab. KE. Himalayas; Kurseong, Sukna (Annandale).

Brixia tnornata, sp. 0.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum dark castaneous ; abdo-

men castaneous, strongly greyishly tomentose ; face, sternum,

and legs pale brownish ochraceous; abdomen beneath

castaneous ; tegmina pale greyish brown, the veins strongly

fuscous brown, the stigma ochraceous, immaculate excepting

some very small and obscure pale spots on the apical margin ;

wings obscure greyish, the veins darker; face long and

narrow, strongly narrowed between the eyes, the lateral

margins very strongly carinate; mesonotum tricarinate ;

tegmina more than twice as long as broad.

Long., excl. tegm., 5 mm. ; exp. tegm. 164-17 mm.

Hab. N.E. Himalayas; Kurseong (Annandale).

This species is to be recognized by the strongly darkly

veined, but non-macalate or fasciate tegmina. Dr. Annan-

dale captured two specimens of this distinct species. ,

746 On new Oriental Homoptera.

Brizia elongata, sp. n.

Body above black or piceous; face black, the lateral

margins brownish ochraceous; sternum and legs brownish

ochraceous ; abdomen beneath black, anal appendages

brownish ochraceous; tegmina pale brownish ochraceous,

the veins darker and minutely setosely maculate, considerably

suffused with fuscous-brown markings, of which the principal

ones are: a broad transverse basal fascia followed by an

elongate spot on costal membrane, a broad transverse fascia

before middle which encloses a small pale spot on costal

membrane, the stigma and more or less the whole apical

area, on which there are some obscure greyish spots, the

apices of the apical veins are also shortly greyish, a greyish

marginal spot a little beyond claval apex ; wings pale fuli-

ginous, the veins darker ; tegmina long and narrow, nearly

three times as long as broad; face long and narrow, com-

pressed between the eyes.

Long., excl. tezm., 4 mm. : exp. tegm. 14-15 mm.

Hab, Ceylon; Horton Plains, Pattipola (Green, Brit. Mus.).

The salient and most distinctive character of this species

is found in the long and narrow tegmina.

Brixia variolosa, sp. n.

Body piceous; lateral margins of mesonotum brownish

ochraceous ; posterior abdominal segmental margins greyish

white; sternum and legs brownish ochraceous; tegmina

fuscous brown, with numerous pale markings either ochra-

ceous or greyish white, of which the principal ones are a

transverse fascia a little beyond base, two contiguous trans-

verse irregular fascize near middle, the innermost darker and

more ochraceous, basal and inner margins of stigma, beneath

which are seven pale spots followed by a more ochraceous

spot near claval apex, on apical area three clusters of pale

spots; wings fuliginous, the veins darker ; face long, much

narrowed between the eyes, the lateral margins strongly

carinate or ridged; tegmina a little more than twice as long

as greatest breadth, the costal margin distinctly sinuate ;

mesonotum tricarinate.

Long., excl. tegm., 5 mm. ; exp. tegm. 15 mm.

Hab. EK. Himalayas ; Kurseong (Annandale).

The sinuation of the costal margin of tegmina, near base,

is a distinctive character of this species.

Brixia geometrina, sp. 0.

Body above dark castaneous brown; apical angles of

Notes on the Family Masaride. 747

vertex, margins and carinations to pro- and mesonota,

lateral margins of abdomen above, body beneath, and legs

ochraceous; tegmina semi-opaque, greyish white, margins

very narrowly, and the stigma ochraceous, an oblique basal

fascia, a transverse spot in costal area, an irregular spot in

clavus, a broad transverse fascia before middle, irregular

subapical suffusions, a central transverse spot near apex and

the apical margin fuscous, the broad transverse fascia con-

tains two small pale spots, and the apices of the apical veins

are distinctly ochraceous; wings pale subhyaline with the

venation fuscous; tegmina with the costal margin near base

slightly sinuate ; face elongate, much narrowed between the

eyes.

Long., excl. tegm., 5 mm.; exp. tegm. 17 mm.

Hab. Ceylon ; Pattipola (Green, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to the previous species, B. variolosa, by the less

sinuate costal margin near base.

[It may be well to state that I have transferred my entire

entomological collections to the British Museum, and that

the whole of my types—excluding those located elsewhere—

are now contained in that institution. ]

LXXXVI.— Notes on the Family Masaride (Hymenoptera),

utth Descriptions of a new Genus and Three new Species.

By Grorrrey MEAvDE-WALDpo, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE recent acquisition of three new species of these rare

wasps is a matter for congratulation. Of the twenty-one

species hitherto described in this genus the British Museum

possesses nineteen, in each instance the type specimens. ‘The

remaining two species are in the Paris Museum.

The rarity of these insects is shown by the fact that such

diligent collectors as Mr. R. E. Turner and his brother, the

late Gilbert Turner, could only collect one specimen during a

twenty years’ residence in North Queensland, while Dr.

Perkins, to whom the Museum is indebted for the species

described below, has only received three specimens from

Mr. F. P. Dodd at long intervals.

The three specimens received from Dr. Perkins are refer-

able to three different species.

748 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

In presenting the specimens Dr. Perkins pointed out

striking structural differences separating one of the specimens

from the other two; these differences entirely justify the

erection of a new genus, Metaparagia, into which two pre-

viously described species, e. g. Paragia pictifrons, Smith,

and P. maculata, M.-Waldo, must be transferred. The

presence of mesonotal furrows in Paragia is not mentioned

by Saussure, and by Smith only in the description of P.

tricolor. Dalla Torre makes no mention of this character in

his diagnosis of Paragia (‘Genera Insectorum,’ Vespide,

p- 4).

METAPARAGIA, gen. nov.

Paragia similis, sed differt oculis distincte emarginatis; mesonoto

sulcis longitudinalibus nullis,

Type, Paragia pictifrons, Smith.

Metaparagia doddi, sp. n.

®. Niger ; clypeo, mandibulis (apice excepto), scapo, fascia vertice,

sinuque orbitali, macula postoculari, pronoto antice et postice,

maculis subquadratis pleuris, macula media lineolisque duabus

postice mesonoto, tegulis, scutello postice, angulisque lateralibus

segmento mediano, flavis; segmento abdominali primo late

postice, segmento secundo macula quadrata margine postico,

segmento tertio dorsali late et ventrali omnino, segmentis quarto

et quinto postice et segmento sexto omnino, flayo fasciatis ;

pedibus flavis; alis pallide fuscis.

Clypeus truncate, rather broader than long; inner orbits

with a distinct emargination ; pronotum rounded anteriorly,

median segment truncate, lateral angles subtuberculate ;

abdomen elongate-ovate, first abdominal segment rounded

basally and not constricted apically.

Punctured, the head and thorax (especially the disc of the

mesonotum) coarsely, clypeus and abdomen more finely. A

sparse pale pubescence on the vertex of head, median seg-

ment, and abdomen.

Length 9 mm. (to apex of second abdominal segment).

Hab. Cairns, N. Queensland (7. P. Dodd); 1 ¢.

Very near to Metaparagia pictifrons,-Sm., from which it

differs chiefly in the colour-pattern. The totally yellow

clypeus, together with the yellow spots on the dise of the

mesonotum and the second abdominal segment, should serve

to separate the species at a glance.

the Family Masaride, 749

Key to the Species of Metaparagia.

A. First abdominal segment strongly constricted

at apex, and first recurrent nervure inter-

stitial with first transverse cubital nervure.. maculata, M.- Waldo.

B. First abdominal segment without constriction,

both recurrent nervures received by second

eubital cell.

a, Clypeus and mandibles totally yellow .... doddi, sp. n.

b. Clypeus black, with two small yellow spots

at base; mandibles ferruginous ........ piéetifrons, Smith.

Paraatia, Shuck.

Paragia hirsuta, sp. n.

é. Niger: clypeo (lateribus apiceque exceptis), macula inter-

antennali, mandibulis basi, oculis margine interno linea brevi,

-macula postoculari, pronoto angulis, mesopleuris, mesonoto,

scutelloque lateribus maculis flavis; tegulis ferrugineis ; abdo-

mine nigro, segmento secundo dorsali irregulariter, segmento

tertio et dorsali et ventrali apice, segmentoque quarto dorsali

apice anguste flavo-fasciatis; segmentis quinto sextoque apice

ferrugineo fasciatis, segmento septimo omnino ferrugineo ; pedi-

bus nigris; tibiis tarsisque ferrugineis, femoribus intermediis

apice flavo variegatis ; alis hyalinis, margine costali infuscato.

The yellow fascia on abdominal tergite 2 is near the base

of the seement.

Clypeus subtriangular, truncate ; head as broad as thorax

at tegule; mesonotal furrows arcuate, widening and approxi-

mating posteriorly ; scutellum prominent, subquadrate,

covering postscutellum; median segment truncate, lateral

angles subtuberculate. Abdomen with the first segment

considerably narrower than the second ; a deep constriction is

visible from a lateral view. Whole insect covered with

long fulvous pubescence, least noticeable on abdominal seg-

ments 2 and3. Punctured, head (except clypeus), thorax,

and first abdominal segment coarsely, the punctures on

mesonotum running into striz; clypeus and abdominal seg-

ments 2-7 finely.

Length 11} mm.

Hab, Cairns, N. Queensland (Ff. P. Dodd); 1 .

This species comes nearest to P. deceptor, Sm., of which

species the unique type is a female, but has the markings

yellow, not reddish orange. The punctures on the mesonotum

of P. deceptor do not run into strie.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 50

750 Mr. R. I. Pocock on Warning Characteristics

Paragia perkinsi, sp. n.

9. Niger; antennis infra, clypeo basi, macula interantennali,

oculis margine interno, macula postoculari, pronoto angulis, flavo-

rufis; abdomine nigro, segmentis dorsalibus secundo et tertio

lateribus apice late, segmento ventrali secundo duabus maculis

flavo-rufis; segmentis dorsalibus quarto et quinto plerumque,

segmento sexto omnino flayis; pedibus nigris, tibiis tarsisque

ferrugineis ; alis hyalinis, margine costali infuscato.

Clypeus subtruncate, as broad as long, somewhat produced

towards apex; head as broad as thorax; mesonotum with

two small tubercles on the disc; scutellum prominent, nar-

rowing somewhat posteriorly, median segment with a con-

spicuous tubercle on each side, surface of truncation of

median segment with two shallow parallel furrows.

First abdominal segment not constricted at apex. The

whole covered with a sparse fulvous pubescence, most con-

spicuous on the legs.

Punctured, head, thorax (except median segment and

postscutellum) coarsely; postscutellum, median segment

(both laterally and on the surface of truncation), and first

abdominal segment more finely, remaining abdominal seg-

ments very sparsely punctured.

Length 125 mm. (to apex of second splon segment).

Hab. Caren N. Queensland (7. P. Dodd); 1 ¢.

I have much pleasure in naming this species ots Dr. R.

C. L. Perkins, by whom all three new species were presented.

The species comes into my key to the genus (Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist. (8) v. p. 31, 1910) after A. 8, the most nearly

allied species being P. odyneroides and P. bidens, the two

species in which the whole thorax with the exception of the

pronotal angles is black. P. perkins differs from them in

having the first abdominal segment at apex as broad as the

second abdominal segment at base (group Alpha, Dalla Torre),

whereas the first abdominal segment in the nearly allied

species is distinctly narrower than the second, and divided

from it by a constriction (group Beta, Dalla Torre). P. per-

kinsi is a larger insect.

LXXXVII.—Some probable and possible Instances of Warning

Characteristics amongst sg and Carnivorous

Mammals. By R. I. Pocock, F.

THE views put forward in the pS pages are an

extension of those I have already published in the ‘ Pro-

ceedings of the Zoological Society’ * on warning attributes

in porcupines and musteline carnivora.

* P. ZS. 1906, p. 902 (on porcupines); 1908, pp. 944-959 (on

musteline carnivora) ; 1911, pp. 559-560 (on Putorius nigripes).

amongst Insectivorous and Carnivorous Mammals, 751

Tt is well known that although cats will kill common

shrews, they will not eat them. This, it has Jong been

believed, is due to the rank and powerful musky scent which,

to quote J. G. Wood, saturates the flesh of these insectivores.

To their unpalatability the author just mentioned tentatively

ascribes the frequent discovery of dead shrews lying about

in exposed places in the autumn. It is, indeed, within the

experience of every resident in the country that dead shrews

may commonly be seen, whereas dead voles and field-mice,

which are palatable, are comparatively rarely observed. ‘l’o

what extent shrews are protected from destruction by their

scent, if, indeed, they are protected at all, is not, I believe,

known. Owls will certainly kill and eat them; but there is

no proof that carnivorous mammals, like weasels, stoats, and

foxes, not to mention snakes, will do thesame. Many birds,

for instance, will eat nasty-smelling ground-beetles, which

mammalia, with their keen olfactory sense, will not touch.

Nor must it be inferred that weasels and stoats kill shrews,

because cats do so. Cats always catch mice and other small

swift-running prey with their paws, not with their mouths.

They do not therefore, it may be supposed, get the full odour

or flavour of the shrews they pounce on, until attempting to

eat them; weasels, stoats, and foxes, as well as snakes, on

the other hand, seize prey with their mouths, and it is

possible that in this circumstance may be found a protective

significance for the scent-glands of shrews of the genus Sorea.

Although shrews are procryptically coloured, it is known

that “when moving about [they] frequently utter a series

of shrill squeaking cries,” as recorded by Major Barrett-

Hamilton*. These squeaks I have myself heard when

watching shrews hunting about in the woods in broad day-

light; and the possibility of the sounds being a means of

advertisement, serving to distinguish shrews from mice, must

be borne in mind. At all events, neither mice nor voles, so

far as 1 am aware, behave in that way, but keep quite quiet,

unless they are fighting together or about to be seized by an

enemy. The behaviour of shrews in captivity is also very

different from that of the rodentsin question. Without handling

or coaxing, they become tame with surprising rapidity; and

this is due, I think, to innate fearlessness of disposition and

not to speedy realization of the benevolent intentions of their

captor. One that I possessed some years ago could he let out

of his cage with perfect safety after afew days’ imprisonment.

He would run all about the mantel-piece, questing every inch

of ground with his sensitive flexible snout; but he never made

the slightest attempt to escape or to hurry, and was quite un-

responsive to sudden movements or sounds, such as would

* ‘A History of British Mammals,’ pt. viii. (1911).

50*

752 Mr. R. I. Pocock on Warning Characteristics

startle a mouse or vole into seeking safety with a wild dart

or leap, or reduce him in a moment to a state of complete

but watchful quiescence, awaiting developments.

Although I am disposed to think the difference in behaviour

between this shrew and small rodents may very likely be a

question of palatability, I have no proof of the fact; and I

merely suggest that this species of insectivore comes into the

category of self-advertising mammals. But since this

animal is not silent and possesses scent-glands which make

it unpalatable to cats and, according to Wood, to other

animals, it 1s evident that the species has fhe essential

attributes that underly advertisement in other mammals.

‘he same is true, I suspect, of all the small white-toothed

shrews of the genus Crocidura, and it appears to me that

there is convincing evidence that some of the larger forms

of this genus are protected self-advertisers.

Many writers have testified to the strength of the odour

emitted by the large Indian musk-shrew (Cre ocidura ewrulea)

—the “musk-rat of English residents—and to its habit of

squeaking when wandering abroad after nightfall. The

same or a closely allied form, known to the Chinese as

“‘ Chi-ch, 06,” or money-rat, is described by Mr. Swinhoe * as

living in houses in China, Formosa, and Hainan. It has an

unpleasant and persistent musky odour and makes a peculiar

chattering noise, like the jingling of money, when roaming

about at ‘night. But I know of no account of the Indian

species so full of interesting collateral details as that given

by Lt.-Col. D. D. Cunningham, F.R.S., who says T:—

“ Kvery one in India is familiar with the great musk-

shrews, or ‘musk-rats’.... who are constantly invading

houses and leaving unpleasant evidence of their visits in an

overpowering and all-pervading musky odour, They are

strange-looking creatures at any time, and particularly so

whilst running about a garden in late dusk, when their

pallidly bluish-grey coats look as though they had been smeared

with luminous paint and stand out conspicuous amid the

surrounding gloom. Soon after sundown they begin to come

out and run busily about beneath the shrubs and among the

long grass, constantly uttering shrill, twittering cries, “that

sound more like those of a bird than a mammal... . the

fearlessly enter rooms in pursuit of [their prey] .... When

ee come in, they usually skirt along in the angles where

the walls and floor meet, coursing along, scuffing and

* “The Zoologist,’ 1858, p. 6224.

+ ‘Some Indian Friends and Acquaintances,’ pp. 284-285. London:

John Murray, 1905.

amongst Insectivorous and Carnivorous Mammals. 753

squealing as they go.... If they be left unmolested, they

are quite inoffensive .... but if they be in any way alarmed

or disturbed during their progress, the air is forthwith filled

by an intolerable smell of musk that adheres persistently to

everything that they may come in contact with. It seems to

be as offensive to most dogs as to human beings, and is

doubtless a most effectively protective agent. J/any dogs,

although eager to pursue musk-shrews, absolutely refuse to

touch them, and those who cannot resist doing so in the

excitement of the cliase show uncquivocal signs of disgust

and shame over the consequences.”

This account, be it observed, was written by a highly

competent naturalist, bent on describing, without embellish-

ment, hypothesis, or explanation, the habits of a familiar

Indian animal ; and it contains no suggestion that the writer

was familiar with theory of animal advertisement. Yet the

passages I have italicised supply all the facts necessary for

the belief that the shrews in question are protected self-

advertisers. They emit an intolerable stench when disturbed

or alarmed ; are abhorrent to many dogs; are fearless in

their behaviour; constantly utter shrill cries as they move

about ; and are conspicuous in the dusk. In other words, we

have in this species distastefulness associated with fearless-

ness of exposure and with advertising attributes that appeal

to the sight, hearing, and scent of possible enemies,

Judging from the analogy supplied by the porcupines, I

long ago inferred that hedgehogs with their protective

armature of banded spines are coloured so as to be con-

spicuous in the dusk. It is, indeed, a matter of common

knowledge that they are comparatively easy to see at night

on account of their colour and easy to catch on account of their

habit, when touched, of stopping to roll up, instead of attemp-

ting to run away like all unprotected mammalia.

Evidence that they sometimes produce a violently offensive

smell is supplied by Mr. C. B. Moffat, who informed Major

Barrett-Hamilton that he put a hedgehog into a water-butt to

see itswim. ‘“ Immediately on finding itself in the water,

the animal filled the whole surrounding air with an effluvium

so awful that I had to run back five or six yards to find an

atmosphere I could breathe .... Iam not morbidly sensitive

to odours, but this experience beat anything on the part of a

live animal that I had ever encountered before or since....

A fairly strong odour is sometimes produced when hedge-

hogs are fighting at night, but this is nothing whatever to

the stench made by the animal that I put in water....

It puts a good deal of trust in its own immunity from attack,

754 Mr. R.I. Pocock on Warning Characteristics

for, when moving about by night, it does advertise its pre-

sence by sounds, making a furious sniffing with its nostrils

and also rustling among the leaves and herbage in a way

that no other small animal could do without great unwisdom.

One can easily track hedgehogs, I think from a distance of

forty yards, by the perpetual noise they thus keep up, which

tells us both where and what they are”’*.

As Major Barrett-Hamilton has pointed out, many exotic

hedgehogs, inhabiting areas, be it noted, where possible

enemies are more numerous and varied than in Britain, are

whiter than English examples. Apart from the spines the

whiteness is particularly manifest over the forehead and

sides of the head, which are exposed to view when tlie

animal is prowling about on the feed with the head thrust

forward. Kgyptian and South African hedgehogs (2. ethio-

picus and £. frontalis) are good instances of this. I have

elsewhere | published a considerable amount of evidence

supporting the theory that white on the top of the head or

back in nocturnal animals makes them conspicuous at night

against dark ground.

It is perhaps necessary to point out that the positive

evidence supplied by Mr. Moffat of the power of the hedge-

hog to emit an objectionable scent outweighs all the negative

evidence that may be brought forward of their being

innocuous to human nostrils. No one probably will claim

that the faculty in the case cited was individual, If one

specimen had the power, which seems indisputable, then all

examples of the species, if not of the genus, have it. In all

the stinking mammals that have come under my notice, the

reluctance to make use of their scent-glands, unless aggres-

sively interfered with, is very striking. Skunks, zorillas,

and ratels can be quite safely exhibited in cages. Now and

again newly arrived specimens may make things unpleasant

for the keeper for a short time, but they soon become

accustomed to people and show themselves to be docile in

disposition. Even such powerful beasts as ratels are never

ageressive or frightened and are often easily tamed; and

zorillas are known to be kept as pets in South Africa for their

vermin-destroying propensities.

Critics of the claim that hedgehogs belong to the category

of advertising mammals will probably point out that eagle-

owls, badgers, and foxes, sometimes at all events, eat them

* Mr. Moffat’s experiences are quoted and the aposematic attributes of

hedgehogs in general are discussed in Major Barrett-Hamilton’s

‘A History of British Mammals,’ pt. vii. p. 59, June 1911.

+ P. Z. 5. 1908, pp. 944-959.

amongst Inseetivorous and Carnivorous Mammals. 755

and that some dogs can be trained to kill them. This is, of

course, not disputed. But if this fact be used as an argument

against the theory of advertisement, it must logically also

be used as evidence against the view that the animal’s spine-

armature is protective. No one, however, will, I imagine,

make such a claim. We know, in fact, that the spines are

protective by the way they bafile the efforts of any ordinary

dog to kill this insectivore; and rats that I have more than

once seen pitted against hedgehogs in a cage had no chance,

if the hedgeliogs wished to fight; and although the rodents

bravely attempted to defend themselves at first, they soon

desisted and directed all their efforts to escape. I have also

seen rats on the floor of a room run after hedgehogs and dart

at their hind-quarters to bite them; but the attempt was

never, within my experience, repeated more than once or

twice *.

I suspect that badgers and foxes do not eat hedgehogs

unless pressed by hunger; as I also suspect that lions, tigers,

leopards, and pumas leave the porcupines of their respective

countries alone, unless other game is scarce or, for any

reason, unprocurable. But even if the insectivore and

rodent specified are habitually eaten by the carnivora men-

tioned, there is no reason to suppose that the former are not

protected from smaller predaceous animals; and in the

category of possible enemies, reptiles and birds must be

reckoned as well as mammals.

Belonging to the same family as the hedgehogs, but devoid

of spine-armature, is the Oriental genus Gymnura. There

is abundance of evidence, in my opinion, that this animal is

warningly or conspicuously ccloured. ‘The prevailing colour

of the head, neck, the fore part of the back, and of the

shoulders is white, relieved by a black stripe over the eye,

while the rest of the body and the limbs are mostly black.

Entirely white individuals are, moreover, not infrequently

met with. Since the animal is nocturnal, terrestrial, and an

inhabitant of well-wooded localities, it can hardly be doubted

that its whiteness makes it conspicuous after dark upon the

dark soil. That Gymnura rafflest possesses malodorous scent-

glands has been known for very many years. According to

Blanford, it “has a peculiar offensive smell... . described

.... by Mr. Davison as resembling Irish stew that has gone

bad.’ In the ‘ Royal Natural History’ the smell is described

as peculiarly disagreeable and of a somewhat oniony or

* Tn the ‘ Field’ for Oct. 29, 1911, there is, however, an instance quoted

of a brown rat killing a hedgehog.

756 = Mr. R. 1. Pocock on Warning Characteristics

garlic-like nature. Probably it may be compared to tlie

scent of porcupines, which has been likened to that of human

perspiration. ‘The combination of the objectionable smell

with the partial or complete whiteness of the coloration, and

nocturnal habits, and insect diet justifies the opinion that

this animal is distasteful, like the musk-shrew, although,

so far as I am aware, there is as yet no actual experimental

evidence of the fact.

There is one A‘luroid carnivore which may be claimed

with some assurance, I think, as warningly coloured. ‘This

is the so-called crab-eating mongoose (Mungos urva or

cancrivcra) of Assam, Burma, and Southern China. The

typical mongocses have annulated fur, giving them a charac-

teristic and uniformly speckled appearance ; but the prevailing

colour of M/. urva is paler grey above, owing to the long

white tips of the hairs. The head is darkish brown, ticked

with white, and there is a conspicuous white stripe, set off

by the dark tint of the throat, running backwards from the

angle of the mouth to the shoulder. The legs are dark brown

or nearly black. In the combination of colours above

described, this species departs widely from typical members

of the genus. It also differs from them in habits. According to

Hodgson * it makes use of the secretion of the anal glands

in the same way as the skunk. Hodgson described this

secretion as “aqueous, horribly feetid, and projectile (sic) to

a great distance by the living animal.”” Coupling this habit

with the hight tint of the body and bushy tail, and with the

presence of the well-marked white stripe on each side of the

neck, it is obvious to suggest, in view of the prevalence of

pale coloration on the upperside of such mammals as the

badger and ratel, that the coloration of the crab-eating

mongoose makes for conspicuousness. And since this species

feeds mostly, according to Hodgson, upon crabs and frogs,

for the capture of which procryptic coloration can hardly be

necessary on account of the indifferent visual powers of these

animals, it can scarcely be claimed that the dark head and

white neck-stripes of the mongoose are subservient to the

purpose of concealment from prey.

Some of the members of the civet family have a very

strong scent, notably the rasse (Vivervicula malaccensis),

whose smell, exactly resembling that of the urine of Mus

musculus, can be detected by the human nose at a eonsider-

able distance. Presumably this smell proceeds from the

* Journ, As. Soc. Bengal, vi. pt. 2, pp. 563-565 (1837); see also

Blanford, ‘ Fauna of British India: Mammalia,’ p. 180 (1888),

amongst Insectivorous and Carnivorous Mammals. 757

glands which in civets and genets are lodged between the

scrotum and the penis in the male, and in the perineal region

in the female. There is no evidence that this scent is

nauseous to larger carnivora; but if not it is singular that

the rasse should so persistently advertise its presence, at

all events in captivity, by its odour, my experience being

that it smells at all times and not specially under the

stimulus of fear. Nevertheless the rasse is procryptically

coloured ; and on the evidence available cannot be claimed

as a protected self-advertiser. The possibility of its being

distasteful must not, however, be forgotten.

Palm-civets of the genera Paradovurus and Paguma also

have great powers of scenting a house, yet they appear for

the most part to be procryptically coloured. It is perhaps,

however, significant that the common Indian species (Para-

doxurus niger) is addicted to albinism, as recorded by

Blanford; and more than one example with a considerable

quantity of white on ithe body has come under my notice.

Moreover, Lt.-Col. Cunningham, in the work already cited

(p. 277), speaks of them as being “ wonderfully tearless

animals,” and adds that “their eyes are strangely luminous

in dim light, much more so than those of almost any other

animal, save death’s-head moths.” Since these palm-civets

are nocturnal animals, the possibility of the luminosity of the

eyes acting as an advertisement of unpalatability is worth

bearing in mind,

Finally, there is one species of this group, the so-called

masked palm-civet (Paguma larvata) otf Southern China,

which is very singularly coloured. The whole body is

greyish yellow, but the head and neck are jet-black, with a

snow-white median stripe running from the nape to the nose,

a large white patch in front of each ear, and a smaller spot

above and below each eye. This contrast between jet-black

and snow-white on the head is so forcibly reminiscent of what

may be seen on this region in badgers and on the back in

zorillas and skunks as to suggest identity of use. Masked

palm-civets also resemble badgers in being nocturnal and

omnivorous in diet. Nevertheless, I have no direct evidence

that they are in any way noxious, although they possess

both anal and perineal glands ; but such evidence is difficult

to obtain in specimens like those I have observed alive,

which were tame, eitler from being born in the Zoolo-

gical Gardens or from having been long in captivity before

importation.

758 Mr. O. Thomas on new

LXXXVIII.—WNew Mammals from Central and Western

Asia, mostly collected by Mr, Douglas Carruthers. By

OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Sorex centralis, sp.

A large member of the S. minutus group.

Most nearly allied to S. annewus and macropygmeus (with

the latter of which I believe S. buxtont to be synonymous),

but larger than either and with a longer muzzle. General

colour above dark broccoli-brown, with a slight olivaceous

tinge ; sides paler, an upper line ot demarcation perceptible

in one specimen, but there is usually no trace of a tricolor

pattern. Under surface washed with drabby grey. ars

densely hairy. ‘Tail brown above, whitish below, its ter-

minal pencil about 6 mm. in length.

Skull larger and with longer muzzle than that of the

allied species. Brain-case broad, with well-marked lateral

angles. Sagittal and lambdoidal crests unusually well

developed, more so than in any other shrew known to me;

but the specimens are all rather old, with worn teeth.

Supraorbital foramina prominent. Lacry mal foramen over

middle of m!’.

Teeth with the essential characters of those of the minutus

group; the series of unicuspids even more uniform than

usual, the two last practically equal in height and area, but

little smaller than the third, the first two only slightly larger

than the last named. Asa result of the greater size of the

last two unicuspids the muzzle and anterior part of the

tooth-row are disproportionally longer than in the allied

species.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :-—

Head and body 63 mm.; tail 39; hind foot (s. u.) 12;

ear 9, The males range up to 68 mm., with tail to 41;

all have hind foot 12.

Skull: condylo-incisive length 19°3 ; condylo-basal length

18°6; greatest breadth 9:2; height of brain-case 5° 3; length

of upper tooth-row 84; front of é} to back of last unicuspid

4°33; breadth between outer corners of m! 44.

Hab. Syansk Mts., 100 miles W. of Lake Baikal. Alt.

4000’.

Type. Old female. Original number 180. — Collected

23rd June, 1910, by Douglas Carruthers. Four specimens.

Mammals from Central and Western Asia. 759

This species forms with S. macropygmeus and annexus a

group of shrews with the essential characters of S. minutus,

but equalling S. araveus in size. It may be distinguished

from its two allies by the proportionally greater size of

the. posterior unicuspids and its longer muzzle ; it is also

slightly larger than either of them, as gauged by its cranial

dimensions,

Microtus agresiis mongol, subsp. n.

Like the European J. agrestis, but with much larger

bullze.

External characters as in agrestis, the colour slightly paler

than in Norwegian specimens of that animal. Under surface

washed with dull buffy greyish.

Skull apparently similar in all respects to that of true

agrestis, except that the bulle are decidedly larger, more

fully inflated, closer together mesially, and standing up

higher above the basis “of the skull. Teeth quite as in

agrestis, the extra prism on m? well developed.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 98 mm.; tail 32; hind foot (s. u.) 18;

ear 12.

Skull: condylo-incisive length 26; basilar length 23°2 ;

zygomatic breadth 14°5; nasals 7:2; interorbital breadth

3°7; palatal foramina 4°7; length of bulla 8; upper molar

series (crowns) 5°8.

Hab. Kemtchik Valley, Tannu-ola Mts., N.W. Mongolia.

Alt. 4200’.

Type. Adult male. Original number 188. Collected

Ath August, 1910.

Considering its locality, this animal is surprisingly like

the true MW. agrestis of Scandinavia, differing, so far as I am

able to see, only by its larger bull. No Asiatic vole allied

to it and possessing five prisms on m” has been described.

Evotomys glareolus satanicus, subsp. n.

g. 158; 2.163. Syansk Mts., 100 miles W. of Lake

Baikal. 1600’.

(?) 2 (young). 172. Syansk Mts., 100 miles W. of

Lake Baikal. 1600’.

Size rather small. Colour very much as in the dark races

of EL. glareolus, E. g. britannicus, and suecicus. The rufous

area of the back, however, is narrower, so that the grey of the

sides shows more in the upper aspect ; the head alsois greyer

and less rufous. Sides and under surface dark grey in the

760 Mr. O. Thomas on new

adults, but quite light silvery grey in the young specimen.

Belly with but little buffy suffusion.

Skull small, its brain-case rather shorter than in European

glareolus.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 95 mm.; tail 50; hind foot 16; ear 13.

Skull: condylo-basal length 23; zygomatic breadth 13 ;

nasals 6°2 ; interorbital breadth 3:6; brain-case, from line

at back of olfactory fossa to hinder edge of interparietal

10°8; palatilar length 11; palatal foramina 4°8 ; upper molar

series (crowns) 5°0.

Hab. Syansk Mts., 100 miles W. of Lake Baikal. Alf.

1600".

Type. Adult female. Original number 163. Collected

7th June, 1910.

This representative of E. glareolus is quite unlike thie

Central Kuropean forms of that species, but more resembles

the races inhabiting Scandinavia and Great Britain. It is,

however, distinguishable by the reduction of the rufous area

of the upper surface, the grey areas being larger, and by its

smaller brain-case. It seems to have no special relationship

to the hian Shan species, /. centralis and frater.

Ochotona (Ogotoma) pricet, sp. n.

A small pale species. Back of ear concolorous with

head.

Most nearly related to O. ladacensis and O. pallasi. Size

smaller than in those species. Jur of medium length ; hairs

of back (summer) about 14 mm. in length. General colour

above buffy (between “ cream-buft” and ** buff’’), the brighter

parts on shoulders and rump quite “ buff.” Extreme points

of hairs dark brown. Sides and under surface creamy

whitish, the plumbeous bases of the hairs showing through.

Crown stronger buffy, almost tending towards ochracecus

buffy. A light creamy-buff collar between ears, perhaps

due to bleached winter hairs still in position. Ears with

outer side (ectote) grey, the edge cream-buff; inner side

clothed with rather long (5 mm.) cream-buff hairs with dark

brown tips. Hands and feet cream-buff, palms and soles

similar, but darkened by the brown bases of the hairs showing

through.

Skull with the same general characters as that of O. padlasi

and ladacensts, but smaller. Frontal profile less bowed, so

that the species tends to reduce the gap between Ogotoma and

Pika. Nasals coalesced. Interorbital space narrow, but not

eee en eee eee

<_<“ ==

Mammals from Central and Western Asia. 761

excessively so. Bulle partly visible from above, the parietals,

owing to the lesser obliquity of the parietal plane, not com-

pletely hiding them as is the case in O. ladacensis. Incisive

and palatal foramina completely separated, the latter sub-

equal in breadth throughout and abruptly truncated anteriorly,

as -in O. pallas?, not gradually narrowing forwards as in

O. ladacensis. Bullse large, as in O. pallasé.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 178 mm.; hind foot 29°5; ear 20.

Skull ; occipito-nasal length 46°8; condylo-incisive length

43°6 ; zygomatic breadth 24; nasals 15°8; interorbital

breadth 4:1; parietal breadth 19°6; palatilar length 17°5;

palatal foramina 8-6; upper cheek-tooth series (alveoli) 9°5.

Flab. Mountains W. of the Atchit Nor, in the Kobdo

Basin, N.W. Mongolia (about 90° E., 49° 30’ N.). Alt.

6700’. Another specimen from Suok, 8000.

Type. Adult female. Original number 208. Collected

28th August, 1910, by Douglas Carruthers. Three speci-

mens examined,

The only near relatives of this pretty Pika are O. pallast,

Gray, and O. ladacensis, Giinth., but both are decidedly

larger, and have their skulls more “ humped ” in the frontal

profile. O. ladacensis is also readily distinguishable by the

rufous or ochraceous backs to its ears. ‘he summer pelage

of O. pallasi is unknown, but in the winter coat it is greyish

throughout, with but little tinge of buffy.

Ochotona dauurica altaina, subsp. n.

Apparently quite similar to true dauurica, with the ex-

ception that the feet are larger. Colour averazing a little

paler and greyer. Under surface rather whiter, the hairs

with a longer slaty basis. Skull slightly larger.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 182 mm. ; hind foot, s. u. 32°5, ¢. u. (on

skin) 37 ; ear 22°5.

Skull: occipito-nasal length 46; condylo-incisive length

44-2; zygomatic breadth 23; nasals 16; interorbital

breadth 4°8 ; parietal breadth 18.

Hab. Atchit Nor, N.W. Mongolia. Alt. 4500’. Other

specimens from Suok on the eastern slope of the Great Altai,

7000’.

Type. Adult male. Original number 205, Collected

27th August, 1910. Six specimens.

The series of specimens have the hind foot measurements

(s. u.) as follows: 29, 29, 30, 30-5; 31, 32°5:mm., while a set

from Taboul, Mongolian Plateau, towards the eastern end of

762 On new Mammals from Central and Western Asia.

the range of O. dauurica, collected by M. P. Anderson, have

it 26, 26, 27, 27, 27, 27°5, 28, 28, 29, so that there is evidently

a general average difference between the two forms. Biich-

ner gives, for specimens from Urga, not far from the typical

locality, 30°5, 31, and 33 cum ungue, which, if 4 mm. is taken

off for the claw, make 26°5, 27, and 29, thus corresponding

closely with the Taboul set. An example said to be from

Amur-land (Frank) has the hind foot 26 (s. u.).

Ochotona rufescens regina, subsp. n.

Similar to true rufescens in all essential respects, but size

larger, as gauged by skull. Bulle at a maximum.

Dimensions of the type :—

Hind foot (s.u.) 37 mm.; ear, from base of outer edge

(dry), 20

Skull: occipito-nasal length 51°35; condylo-incisive length

48:4; zygomatic breadth 25; nasals 16°6; interorbital

breadth 3°2 ; parietal breadth 20; palatilar length 19-2 ;

palatal foramen 15:5; bulle, horizontal antero-posterior

length 13°3, oblique diameter on side aspect (upper anterior

to lower posterior edge) 11:7.

Hab. Kopet Dagh, west of Ashabad, Transcaspia. Alt.

3000’.

Type. Adult. B.M. no. 2.9.31. Collected 15th August,

1902, and presented by St. G. Littledale, Esq.

Ochotona rufescens vizier, subsp. n.

Size smaller than in true rufescens; ears shorter, bulle

smaller. Colours tending to be rather brighter and more

contrasted.

Dimensions of type:—

Hind foot (s. u.) 31 mm.; ear, from base of outer edge

(dry), 16

Skull: occipito-nasal length 44°5 ; condylo-incisive length

39°55 zygomatic breadth 22°3; nasals 14; interorbital

breadth 4°15; parietal breadth 17; palatilar length 16; bulla,

horizontal antero-posterior length 11; oblique diameter on

side aspect (upper anterior to lower posterior edge) 9:5.

Hab. Central Persia. Type from the Koh-rad north of

Isfahan. Alt. 9000’.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 74.11. 21.5. Original

number 560. . Collected 20th July, 1872, by W.'T. Blanford.

This Persian form of 0. rufescens has. so much smaller a

skull than the more northern O. 7. regina as to look quite a

different species, but the ype south-eastern, form connects

the two.

Descriptions and Records of Bees, 763

LXXXIX.—Descriptions and Records of Bees.—Xl.

By T. D. A. Cockere tt, University of Colorado.

Alcidamea hypocrita (Cockerell).

Osmia hupocrita, Ckil., was described from a single female

taken at Boulder, Colorado. The range of the species is

very greatly extended by a female taken by Professor C. F.

Baker at Claremont, California. In the collection of

Pomona College is a male obtained at Durango, Colorado,

May 21, 1899 (Oslar). The discovery of the male makes it

necessary to refer the insect to Alcidamea, though it is an

aberrant member of that genus.

6 .—Length abont 10} mm.

Similar to the female in colour and form, except for the

usual sexual characters ; cheeks, posterior part of thorax at

sides, and abdomen above beyond second segment with

black hair; face and front with long erect white hair ; scape

long and curved, not much thickened; flagellum long and

slender, faintly brownish beneath except at base, last joint

bent and sharply pointed; sixth abdominal segment with a

rather short sharp median apical tooth (from which proceeds

upwards a delicate keel) and on each side a broader tooth ;

seventh segment triangular, with a small truncate apical

tooth, marked by a notch on each side ; venter with short

black hair, hind margin of first segment straight, of second

produced to a lobe; hair of legs mainly black, but dull

white on anterior legs behind, and reddish on inner side of

tarsi. The hair of the thorax above is long and creamy

white.

Easily known from A. uvwlalis, Ckll., by the absence of

the large projection on venter of abdomen ; known from

A, biscutelle, Ckll., by the colour of the pubescence and the

total absence of hair-bands on the abdomen.

Alcidamea simplex (Cresson).

Fedor, Texas (Birkmann). Pomona College collection.

Hoplitis sambuci, Titus.

Claremont, California (Baker). New to California.

The female is very like that of H. mescalerium, Ckll., but

has black spurs ; the head larger, especially in the occipital

region, and the vertex and disc of mesothorax more closely

punctured,

764 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell— Descriptions and

Osmia clarescens, sp. 0.

? .—Length about 9 mm.

Steel-blue, with white hair, mixed with long black hairs

on face, vertex, and dorsum of thorax; hair of pleura and

sides of metathorax entirely white. Legs very blue, inner

side of tarsi with dark chocolate hair. Mandibles tridentate,

but the inner tooth is broad and truncate and sometimes

looks like two; clypeus normal; tegule largely blue.

Wings strongly dusky ; b.n. meeting t.-m.; apical part of

abdomen above with a good deal of black hair; ventral scopa

black, but glittering white hair at sides of abdomen.

$ —Length about 75 mm.

Similar to the female, except in the usual sexual characters :

bright steel-blue, legs very blue; pubescence white, but

mixed with long black hairs on face, vertex, and dorsum of

thorax; hair of clypeus silky white, but on each side are

some long black hairs; flagellum black; middle tarsi

simple ; hind basitarsi toothed. Apical part of abdomen

with some black hairs among the light ; sixth segment feebly

notched, seventh bidentate; first ventral shallowly emar-

ginate, third ventral with long white hair in the emargina-

tion, conspicuous when not hidden by the overlapping second

segment.

Hab. Claremont, California (Baker); 28 2,3 ¢. The

type is a female.

The female greatly resembles that of O. coloradella, Ckll.,

but is easily separated by the black hair of head and thorax

above. It may also be compared with O. phacelia, CkIl.,

from which it is known by the larger size and blue legs, and

with O. melanotricha, Lov. & Ckll., from which it is known

by the blue legs and black hair of thorax above. The male

is extremely like O. vallicola, Ckll., but differs at once in

the mandibles, which are rather strongly curved near the

end, with a short apical tooth (little curved and with a long

apical tooth in vadlicola), and the long black hairs at sides of

clypeus are wholly wanting in vallicola. It also closely

resembles O. wheeleri, Ckll., but differs by the black hairs at

sides of clypeus and the conspicuous short white hair on

inner side of hind tibie.

Osmia basilissa, sp. 0.

9? .—Length 9 mm. or slightly more.

Robust ; magnificent deep purple, including the legs, with

coarse entirely black pubescence ; mandibles with two large

outer teeth and a binodular short and broad inner one ;

Records of Bees. 765

clypeus normal, lower margin black. Antenne black ;

tegule purple. Wings strongly dusky; b. n. going just

basad of t.-m.; hind spurs curved at end.

Hab, Claremont, California (Baker); 1 9.

Looks like O. cobaltina, Cresson, but is broader and

shorter, with the dorsal hair of thorax all black. Compared

with O. sancte-rose, Ck\l., it is much broader, more thick-set,

and the rich purple colour is quite different from the deep

blue of sancta-rose.

Osmia platyura, sp. n.

$ —Length about 10 mm.

Narrow, with parallel-sided abdomen; head, thorax, and

legs brilliant emerald-green, or the mesothorax suffused with

blue; abdomen brilliant green or (var. a) brilliant blue-

purple, more or less suffused with green ; pubescence white

throughout, except on inner side of tarsi, where it is yellowish.

Head round seen from in front, eyes very large, face

narrow; mandibles broadly green at base; scape largely

green; flagellum long, ferruginous beneath; mesothorax

and scutellum densely punctured; tegule shining green.

Wings dusky brown ; b. n. meeting t.-m.; first r. n. joining

second s.m. near base; marginal cell long. Tarsi normal;

spurs dark. Abdomen closely punctured, with very little

hair above, but the segments beneath conspicuously fringed

with white hair; sixth dorsal segment simple in middle, but

toothed at each extreme side; seventh very large and flat,

forming a broadly rounded apical plate ; second ventral more

or less keeled, the keel prominent at apex, where it ends in a

point; third ventral broadly truncate, the truncate edge

more or less concave.

? .—Length 8-9 mm.

Like the male, but shorter; the green form bluer green,

the purple (which may include head and thorax) apparently

as common as the green; head oblong, the face much longer

than broad, occipital region strongly developed ; mandibles

greenish at base, with two strong teeth, and a broad, feebly

developed, binodulose inner one; scape green, flagellum

dark, obscure reddish beneath ; pubescence scanty, fuscous ;

ventral scopa black ; tegule about two-thirds green ; hair on

inner side of tarsi dark chocolate.

Hab. Type (¢) from mountains near Claremont, Cali-

fornia (Baker). Other males from Claremont, California

(Baker), and Ormsby County, Nevada (Baker). Seven

females from Ormsby County, Nevada (Baker).

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 51

766 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

Related to O. fulgida, Cresson, which has a larger female,

and in the male has the broad seventh segment evidently

pointed. Also closely related to O. viridimicans, Ckll.,

which is much larger ; they agree in having the lower part

of metathoracic area smooth and shining. In female viridi-

micans the pubescence is entirely black, in platyura it is

various shades of fuscous, sometimes rather pale. These

insects are intermediate between Osmia and Monumetha.

Osmia regulina, sp. n.

9 .—Length about 8 mm.

Robust, with subglobose abdomen ; brilliant green, suffused

with blue and purple; head large, face broad, with fine

white downy pubescence and longer ‘slightly brownish hairs ;

hair of head and thorax white, the long dorsal hairs some-

what fuscous or yellowish ; clypeus and adjacent sides of

face purple, the lower margin of clypeus black ; scape black,

flagellum dark reddish beneath; mesothorax densely con-

fluently punctured ; tegulz punctured, green, with a dull

fuscous spot; area of “metathorax granular. Wings very

dusky, b.n. meeting t.-m.; first r.n. joining second s.m. far

from base, marginal cell comparatively short. Legs black,

with the femora largely green and the tibiz purplish; hair

on inner side of hind tarsi black. Abdomen dorsally with

scanty pale hair, rather greyish on basal part of segments ;

apical segment fringed with dark greyish hair; ventral scopa

black.

dg .—About 7 mm. long.

Blue-green, some greener, others bluer ; hair of face long,

entirely white ; flagellum variably reddish beneath ; tegulae

and legs green ; “sixth abdominal segment with a small

notch, seventh bidentate ; first ventral truncate, entire.

Hab. Type (¢) from Claremont, California (Baker).

Males from Claremont and the adjacent mountains (Baker).

Very close indeed to O. kincaidii, Ckll., but distinguished

in the female by the paler pubescence, the confluently punc-

tured mesothorax, and the less metallic legs. The male is

bluer, with the hair above hardly ochreous. The male is

also close to O. edna, Ckll., but the latter is rather larger,

of a brighter yellower ereen. In the greenest males of

0. regulina the hind margins of the segments are blue-green

and the surface-sculpture of the sexments is quite coarse.

Osmia edne, Cockerell.

Males from Claremont and the adjacent mountains and

a female from Claremont (Baker) can only be referred here.

Records of Bees. 767

The female, not before known, is very like that of O. regulina,

but the abdomen is narrower, with conspicuous black hair

dorsally, there are long black hairs on the head and thorax

above, ‘and the clypeus has a good deal of coarse black hair,

The mesothorax is very strongly punctured, and the abdomen

is very blue. This female is very like the smaller specimens

of O. cobaltina (variety with green head and thorax), but

has thin white hair right across the lower part of face, best

seen from above. It is possible that I am in error in

ascribing this female to O. edne, but I have no other

plausible mate for it.

A bright green male from the mountains near Claremont

(Baker), ” having the hind margins of the abdominal segments

bluish, and the hair of the head and thorax above white, is

placed as a variety of O. regulina, but it seems intermediate

between that species and O. edne. Can it be a hybrid ?

Osmia colbaltina, Cresson.

This was based on females from Nevada and California,

having the hair of the head all black. Six females from

Ormsby County, Nevada (Baker), vary much in colour and

size (one is only 7 mm. long), and several show a little pale

hair at sides of face. Cresson did not describe the male of

cobaltina, but Robertson holds that his O. illinoensis is its

male. Since O. coballina is a species characteristic of the

Pacific coast region, and is replaced in the Rocky Mountains

by the closely allied and probably intergrading O. bruneri,

Ckll., it seems very improbable that the Illinois O. illinoensis

can be its male. The male of O. bruneri is known to me,

and has much coarse black hair on the clypeus &c., whereas

O. illinoensis has the hair of the clypeus all white.

Osmia kincaidii, Cockerell.

Three males from mountains near Claremont, California

(Baker and Crawford), one female from Claremont (Baker).

These belong to the smaller race mentioned in the original

description. The femora and tibie of the female are

bright green.

Osmia benneti@, Cockerell.

Males from Claremont and adjacent mountains (Baker),

Osmia granulosa, sp. n.

9? Length 7-7} mm.

Brilliant “deep purple, varying to blue-green ; ventral

51*

768 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell— Descriptions and

scopa entirely pale yellow or (var. a) dark fuscous, shining

yellowish in certain lights ; head broad; hair of head and

thorax white, nowhere mixed with black or fuscous, but

that on vertex distinctly brownish, that on face slightly

brownish, and that on lower edge of clypeus shining pale

golden; antenne black; tegule purple, punctured near

margin ; femora, tibiz, and hind basitarsus in part purple

or green. Wings very dusky; first r. n. joining second

s.m. far from base; abdomen short and broad, densely

punctured.

3d .—Length about 6 mm.

Brilliant peacock-green ; pubescence all white; flagellum

very obscure brownish beneath ; sixth abdominal segment

feebly notched, seventh bidentate; first ventral entire ;

hind basitarsus with a small tooth about 270 w from end.

Hab. Type female from mountains near Claremont,

California (Baker) ; others (¢ 2) from same locality, and

female var. a from Claremont (Baker).

Compared with the female ascribed to O. edna, the present

species differs at once by its minutely granular (finely

punctured) abdomen, which is accordingly duller, though

very brilliantly coloured. The male is a bluer green than

that of O. kincaidii, being covered like the kincaidii female.

The abdomen of the male is brilliantly shining.

Chelynia subcerulea (Cresson).

Cresson described this from a single male collected in

California. In his catalogue published in 1887 he recorded

it, possibly by mistake, as from Colorado and Nevada. A

female from Ormsby County, Nevada (Baker), is quite as

this sex of subcerulea might be expected to be, except for its

small size, length about 6} mm. ‘The size of bees of this

group is very variable, and no doubt this Nevada female is

merely an unusually small specimen. The pubescence of

the head and thorax is mixed’ black and pale, the black or

dark fuscous preponderating. The ivory-coloured abdominal

bands are reduced to a pair of widely separated short stripes

on the second and third segments, and larger markings,

clavate laterad, on the first; the fourth segment is without

light markings. The strong punctures on the disc of meso-

thorax are more widely separated than in C. elegans.

Cresson states that C. subcerulea is larger than C. elegans,

but I believe both vary in size, with probably little or no

difference. C. elegans has the thorax more densely pune-

tured, and is perhaps confined to the Rocky Mountains,

although Cresson in 1878 incidentally refers to its occurrence

in California,

Records of Bees. 769

Chelynia calliphorina, sp. n.

? .—Length about 84 mm.

Deep rich indigo-blue, with slight green tints on the

abdomen; hair of face mainly dull white, but many black

hairs. intermixed ; flagellum obscurely brownish beneath ;

hair of vertex and thorax above more black than pale, of

pleura black, mixed with pale above, of sides of metathorax

black, with a white tuft above; head and thorax very

coarsely punctured, the punctures well separated on disc of

mesothorax ; tegule blue, punctured. Wings very dusky ;

second s.m. very long, its basal corner much more produced

than in C. pavonina. Legs dark blue, with dark hair ;

abdomen strongly but not densely punctured, its pubescence

black ; no abdominal bands or spots; ventral segments with

a tine chocolate-coloured tomentum.

Hab. Mountains near Claremont, California (Baker).

Related to C. pavonina, Ckll.,and C. cusacke, Ckll.,

especially the latter, but easily known by the pale hair of

the face. Some time ago Professor Pérez sent me a photo-

graph of a Californian bee in his collection, which appears

to be a Chelynia, and is probably C. calliphorina.,

Stelis carnifex, sp. n.

? —Length about 84 mm.

Deep rich purple, the vertex, mesothorax (except hind

edge), and scutellum black or (Nevada specimen) dark blue ;

punctures strong, well separated on mesothorax; head

oblong ; scape purplish or bluish, flagellum obscure brownish

beneath; tegulz purple in front, and with a more or less

pallid discal spot. Wings dusky (brownish), nervures dark ;

pubescence black. Legs dark purple. Abdomen with the

first three segments strongly but not densely punctured, the

others with large very dense more or less elongate punctures ;

veutral segments fringed with dark fuscous or black hair.

Hab. Type from mountains near Claremont, California

(Baker). Also one from Ormsby County, Nevada (Baker).

Intermediate in size between S. montana, Cr., and S. sene-

ciophila, Ckll., in colour different from either. The face is

narrower than in the Rocky Mountain species.

Prosopis wanthaspis, var. bicuneata (Cockerell).

A female of P. vanthaspis, Ckll., from Mackay, Queens-

land, March 1900 (Turner), has a yellow patch on each side

of the clypeus, thus approaching the condition of P. 6i-

cuneata. On reviewing the matter, I now believe that

bicuneata is a variety of P. xanthaspis. A specimen of var.

770 Dr. Th. Mortensen on the

bicuneata was collected at flowers of Cassia, Dec. 1899

(Turner, 13a).

Crocisa subramosa, sp. 0.

Crocisa sp. between takaonis and ramosa, Ckll. Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist., April 191], p. 811.

? .—Length about 10 mm.

Stature and appearance of C. ramosa from France, but

abdominal bands broader, the marks at sides of apical part

of first segment pointed mesad, the hind edge diverging

from the hind margin at an angle of 45°; lateral marks on

second segment more curved upwards; tegule black.

Wings very dark ; marginal cell longer than in C. ramosa;

other characters given at the place cited.

Hab. Foochow, China (H. R. Caldwell). U.S. National

Museum.

Crocisa surda, sp. .

Crocisa sp. near kanshireana, Ckll. Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist., April

1911, p. 313.

? —Length 13-14 mm.

Characters as given in the place cited, but it is to be noted

that the type has the inner edges of the hind margin of

scutellum slightly flexuous, the character being evidently a

variable one. Hair of abdomen very dull pale blue, with

the basal band of first segment rather widely interrupted

(though the interruption is less than half the distance be-

tween the posterior points of scutellum), but the apical band

slightly interrupted ; the pleura is light-haired, with a dark

patch above, and a very large one lower down, entering the

anterior margin ; the wings are very dark, with the usual

pale spots.

Hab. Foochow, China (H. R. Caldwell). U.S. National

Museum.

XC.—A Vote against the Strict Application of the Priority

Rule in Zoological Nomenclature. (With an Introduction

by Dr. Ta. MortTENseEN.)

In the ‘ Zoologischer Anzeiger,’ Bd. xxxvi. no. 24, Nov. 22,

1910, and in the ‘ Annals’ for December 1910, is published

a note from the International Commission on Zoological

Nomenclature inviting all zoologists to send to the Secretary

of the Commission a list of 100 zoological names which they

Strict Application of the Priority Rule. 771

consider should be studied in connection with the prepara-

tion of an official list of generic names, and, further, to send

a separate list of 50-100 generic names in their speciality

which they look upon as the most important and most gene-

rally used ; each of these latter names should be accompanied

by the full and complete original bibliographical reference,

by the name of the type species, and the name of the order

and family to which the genus belongs,

On the base of the study of the lists sent in the Com-

mission promises to submit to the next Congress an Official

List of Generic Names, with their genotypes, proposing that

this list should be adopted and that in the future “ no

zoologist shall upon NoMENCLaTOoRIAL grounds change any

name in said list unless he first submits to the Commission

his reasons for making the change and unless the Commission

considers the reasons valid.”

The lists should be sent in before Jan. 1, 1911.

This invitation was the result of a proposition presented

to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature

from the British Association for the Advancement of Science

and the Eastern Branch of the American Society of Zoologists

recommending that certain very commonly used zoological

names should be excepled from the Law of Priority. The

result shows that the Commission has found no reason to

aecept the proposition of the two Societies; what the Com-

mission proposes to construct on the basis of the hoped-for

lists is by no means a list of names excepted from the Law of

Priority—when valid nomenclatorial reasons are found for

changing them, they may be changed with the permission of

the Commission! It has been found by the Commission

that the desire to have the more important names excepted

from the Law of Priority and protected agaiust being changed

is not so widespread and deeply rooted as is assumed by some

zoologists. An effort made by the Secretary to collect

from Zoologists the most commonly used and most important

generic names has as yet met with such poor success that the

conclusion does not seem entirely unjustified that some of

our colleagues who may be in favour of such a list are not

as yet sufficiently enthusiastic over the proposition to induce

them to demonstrate their desire by placing into the hands

of the Commission the data upon which such a list must of

necessity be based. Further, there are many colleagues who

are known to us to be directly and enthusiastically opposed

to such a list. It may perhaps be allowed to suggest that

the conclusions drawn from the results of the enquiries of

the Secretary are not quite justified. That it is not seen to

(fe. D r. Th. Mortensen on the

whom the Secretary has applied may be of minor importance,

but it should be pointed out that what the Secretary appears

to have asked previously from a number of zoologists, and

what the Commission is now asking from all zoologists, is a

very considerable amount of labour, which it cannot reason-

ably expect many to undertake. To find out the biblio-

graphical references of ca. 50 generic names may involve

ua very great trouble, especially when old names are concerned

-—and this will, of course, be a considerable percentage of

the names, it being especially the old names about which

there is nomenclatorial trouble. Probably not many will be

able to afford the necessary time for such a work, and to do

it just at the moment they are asked to! For many’ zoolo-

gists it would be nearly impossible to get access to the

literature necessary for the purpose—not to speak of the

fact that only systematists can be expected to have any

routine in that kind of work! In short, what the Commis-

sion here has demanded is not very far from an absurdity.

As stated above, the number of the ‘ Zool. Anzeiger’ in

which the invitation has appeared was published on the

22nd November ; it must certainly be supposed that many

zoologists did not see the number before about the middle of

December or even later—but the list had to be prepared

before the 7s¢ January! In the ‘ Annals’ the note was

published in December, and in this case the list had to be

sent in by the 7s¢ of November!

We may, then, expect that the result of this invitation will

be as poor as that of the Secretary’s previous efforts. But

if the Commission concludes therefrom that the desire to

have the more important zoological names protected against

change is not very general among zoologists, that conclusion

is certainly ill-founded. On the contrary, it is doubtless the

desire of the great majority of zoologists to have the more

important, commonly used names protected against the

tyranny of this rule of priority, which leads to such extremely

unfortunate results when carried out literally in all cases *.

It may, perhaps, also be justifiable to ask how or wherefrom

* To name only a few of the consequences of the strict application of

the priority rule: we must not hereafter speak of Actinizw, because the

name Acta was first used for a Holothuriav ; the Actiniz shall now

carry the beautiful name “ Priapide.” Holothuria, on the other hand,

was, strictly taken, first used for a Salp; therefore the Holothurians are

hereafter to be called ‘‘ Bohadschioideans ” ; likewise the Salps are blessed

with a new name, “ Dagyside.” The name Rhombus, used for 2000 years

for the turbot, and even used binominally for a hundred years before

Linneeus, shall be given away to a genus of molluscs, because it was so

used in 1797 (by Humphreys), while Linnzus gave the name Plewrunectes

to all flat-tishes,

Strict Application of the Priority Rule. 773

this Commission of Nomenclature has obtained its mandate

as international. This part of the question may, however,

be passed over, since everybody doubtless will agree that it is

most desirable to have the zoological nomenclature regulated

by international rules. But the condition should be that

such rules are reasonable, which does not hold good for the

strict application of the priority rule in the opinion of many

zoologists. Of how many?

A way of ascertaining how many zoologists desire to follow

the priority rule strictly in all cases and how many want to

have the more important names excepted from the rule

would be to send an inquiry round to all zoologists of the

world—and it would involve no trouble worth speaking of

to the zoologists asked to answer the question. In this way

a reliable proof of the position of the majority of zoologists

towards this much disputed rule wight be obtained.

That it will be possible to carry out such a general vote

without great difficulty seems beyond doubt, and as a proof

of this is here offered the vote of the Scandinavian aud

Finnish zoologists.

The result of the vote is very striking. Of the 122 names

there are 2 (two) for the strict application of the priority rule

in all cases, which means less than 2 per cent. It may, perhaps,

not be unreasonable to conclude from this result that the

number of those zoologists who swear to the strict applica-

tion of the priority rule is upon the whole very small, the

great majority wishing to have the more important names

preserved unaltered.

It is to be hoped that the zoologists of other countries

will follow the example given here. When this has been

done, and it has been definitely proved that the great majority

object to the strict application of the priority rule, it may

perhaps be expected that the tyranny of that notorious law,

which has already done so much harm to science, will be

thrown off; and then, perhaps, the International Commission

will see that it is rather its duty to arrange for the codifica-

tion of the desired names in accordance with the wishes of

the zoologists.

It should be pointed out that for the above introductory

notes the author (Dr. Th. Mortensen) is alone responsible.

He begs to offer his sincere thanks to the following

colleagues, who have assisted him in collecting the names :—

Prof. A. Appellof, Prof. O. Carlgren, Dr. A. Luther,

Dr. O. Nordgaard, Dr. I. Tragardh, Prof. H. Wallengren,

and Dr. A. Wollebek.

One of the clief difficulties in arranging this vote has been

774 A Vote against the Strict Application of the

in drawing the limit. It has been thought best to apply

mainly to the professional zoologists, not including anatomists,

paleontologists, or amateur zoologists. But, upon the whole,

it can scarcely be denied that the vote here offered gives

really the opinion of the zoologists of Denmark, Finland,

Norway, and Sweden. Tu. Morrensen.

Tue undersigned Scandinavian zoologists are of opinion

that the law of priority should be strictly applied in all

cases,

E. WAnuLGREN,

Dr. phil., Malmé, Sweden.

Sic Tor,

Dr. phil., Skien, Norway.

Tue undersigned Scandinavian and Finnish zoologists

protest against the strict application of the law of priority

in all cases, and express the desire that the most important

and generally used names should be protected against any

change on nomenclatorial grounds,

GorrrrigD ADLERTZ,

Dr. phil., Lektor, Sundsvall, Sweden.

K. A. AnpERsSON,

Dr. phil., Fiskeri-Intendent,

Goteborg, Sweden.

L. Gasr. ANDERSSON,

Dr. pbil., Riksmuseum, Stockholm.

A. APPELLOF,

Professor of Zoology at the Univer-

sity of Uppsala, Sweden.

Emity ARNESEN,

Dr. phil., Conservator at the Zoolo-

gical Museum, Christiania.

I. Arwipsson,

Dr. phil., Fiskeri-Intendent,

Mariefred, Sweden.

Cnr. AURIVILLIUS,

Professor, Secretary of the R. Swedish

Academy of Sciences, Stockholm.

Hueco Arey,

Lic. phil., Lund, Sweden.

Snron BEeneTsson,

Dr. phil., Curator of the Entomo-

logical Collection, Zoological In-

stitute, Lund, Sweden.

Pavyt BserKan,

Conservator at the Zoological

Museum, Bergen.

WILHELM Byorcx,

Assistant at the Zoological Institute

of the University of Lund, Sweden.

J. E. V. Boas,

Professor of Zoology at the

Veterinary School, Copenhagen.

Srxten Bock.

Amanuensis, Zoological Institute,

Uppsala, Sweden.

ApaAm Bovine,

Dr. phil., Assistant at the Zoolo-

gical Museum, Copenhagen.

Kristinz BonneEvie,

Dr. phil., Zoological Institute of the

University, Christiania.

Ava. BrInKMANN,

Dr. phil., Director of the Zoological

Department of the Museum, Bergen.

Hyaumar Brocn,

Dr. phil., Curator of the Collections

of the R. Norwegian Society of

Sciences, Trondhjem, Norway.

Priority Rule in Zoological Nomenclature.

Oscar CARLGREN,

Professor of Zoology at the Hogskola

of Stockholm.

ALBERTINA CARLSSON,

Dr. phil., Zoological Institute,

Stockholm,

R. Couuert,

Professor of Zoology at the University

of Christiania,

Knsvt Dann,

bergen.

Ascer Ditheysen,

Mag. scient., Hellerup, Denmark.

Hsaumar Dirvevsen,

Mag. scient., Assistant at the

Zoological Museum, Copenhagen.

Cart Dons,

Conservator at the Museum of

Troms6, Norway.

Gunnar EKMAN,

Mag. phil., Zoological Institute,

Helsingtors.

Sven Ekman,

Dr. pbil., Lektor, Jonkoping, Sweden.

Harry Fepercey,

Dr. phil., Lecturer on Zoology at the

University of Helsingfors.

Runar Forrivs,

Cand. med., Helsingfors.

T. FrEIDENFELT,

Lic, phil., Lund, Sweden.

Ricnarp Frey,

Helsingfors.

HERMAN FRIELE,

Bergen.

James A. Griz,

Conservator at the Zoological

Museum, Bergen.

Gésta GRONBERG,

Dr. phil., Lecturer on Zoology at the

Hogskola, Stockholm.

RicuarD Hace,

Lic. phil., Geological Survey of

Sweden, Stockholm.

Berxuarp Hay,

Dr, phil., Lektor, Leksand, Sweden.

775

O. HAMMARSTEN,

Zoological Institute, Stockholm.

G. ArmMAvER HANSEN,

Dr. med., Bergen.

H. J. Haysen,

Dr. phil., Copenhagen.

Nik. Hrrscumann,

Helsingfors.

Jou. Hyort,

Dr. pbil., Fiskeri-Direktor, Bergen.

R. Horeine,

Mag. scient., Assistant at the

Zoological Museum, Copenhagen.

N. vy. Horsren,

Dr. phil., Lecturer on Zoology at the

University of Uppsala, Sweden.

Nits Ho_meren,

Dr. phil., Lecturer on Zoology at the

Hogskola of Stockholm.

Orvo Houmevist,

Lie. phil., Zoological Institute of the

University, Lund, Sweden.

Harrvie Hurrretnt-Kaas.

Christiania.

G. JADeRUOLM,

Dr. phil., Lektor, Westervik, Sweden.

L. A. JAGERSKJOLD,

Dr. phil., Director of the Zoological

Department of the Museum, Gote-

borg, Sweden.

T. H. JArvri,

Mag. phil., Assistant to the Fiskeri-

Inspektor, Helsingfors,

Ap. S. JENSEN,

Cand. mag., Assistant at the

Zoological Museum, Copenhagen,

A. C. JOHANSEN,

Dr. phil., Danish Commission for the

Study of the Sea, Copenhagen.

Lupvic JOMANSSON,

Dr. phil., Lektor, Goteborg, Sweden.

H. F. E. Juncersen,

Professor of Zoology at the

University of Copenhagen,

H. Kre&r,

Dr. phil., Christiania.

Jouan Kiar,

Professor at the University of

Christiania.

776

K. E. Krvirrkko (Steyr 0s),

Dr. phil., Lektor, Helsingtors.

Ernar Korroen,

Mag. scient., Assistant to the

Fiskeri-Direktor, Bergen.

Pact Kramp,

Mag. scient., Zoological Museum,

Copenhagen.

H. M. Kytz,

Dr. phil., International Commission

for the Study of the Sea, Copenhagen.

Einar Lea,

Assistant to the Fiskeri-Direktor,

Bergen.

Wivnetm Lecueg,

Professor of Zoology at the

Hogskola, Steckholm,

K. M. Levanper,

Professor of Zoology at the University

of Helsingfors.

G. M. R. Levinsen,

Directur of the Department of Inverte-

brates, Zoological Museum, Copen-

hagen.

W. M. Linyaniemi (AXELSON),

Dr. phil., Lektor, Sortavala, Finland.

Eryar LONNBERG,

Professor, Director of the Department

of Vertebrates at the Riksinuseum,

Stockholin.

Wiiram LunpBeck,

Director of the Entomological De-

partment of the Zoological Museum,

Copenhagen.

Asx. Lurier,

Dr. phil., Lecturer on Zoology at the

University of Helsingfors.

Herman Lynae,

Copenhagen.

Tu. Mortensen,

Dr. phil., Assistant at the Zoological

Museum, Copenhagen.

C. J. Neuman,

Dr. phil., Rektor, Boras, Sweden.

I. C. Nrensen,

Dr. phil., Copenhagen.

O. NorpG@AAarD,

Dr. phil., Director of the Biological

Station, Lrondhjem, Norway.

Osc. Norpe@vist,

Dr. phil., Fiskeri-Inspektér, Director

of the Biological Station at Ana. —

boda, Sweden.

A. Vote against the Strict Application of the

Nits Opuner,

Lic. phil., Riksmuseum, Stockholm.

Tropor OpuHNER,

Dr. phil., Lecturer on Zoology at the

University of Uppsala, Sweden.

Hs. OsterGRren,

Director of the Bivlogical Station,

Kristineberg, at Fiskebackskil,

Sweden.

Perer Oxsson,

Dr. phil., Lektor, Arkelstorp, Sweden.

J. A. PaLMen,

Professor emer. of Zoology,

Helsingfors.

Rour PALMGREN,

Mag. phil., Helsingfors.

C. G. Jon. PETERSEN,

Dr. phil., Director of the Danish

Biological Station, Nyborg, Den-

mark (Copenhagen).

ALrrep Porrivs,

Dr. phil., Helsingfors.

B. Poprtvus,

Dr. phil., Helsingfors.

C. O. v. Porat,

Dr. phil., Lektor, Jénképing, Sweden.

AUG. QUENNERSTEDT,

Dr. phil., Professor emer. of Zoology,

Lund, Sweden.

Gustar Rerzivs,

Professor, Stockholm.

Enzio Reuter,

Professor of Zoology at the University

of Helsingfors.

O. M. Reuter,

Professor emer. of Zoology,

Helsingfors.

Laennart Ripping,

Dr. phil., Lecturer on Comparative

Anatomy at the University of Lund,

Sweden.

Nits Rosen,

Dr. phil., Lecturer on Zoology at the

University of Lund, Sweden.

B. S2MuNDSEN,

Reykiavik, Leeland.

Joun SANLBERG,

Professor of Entomology at the

University of Helsingfurs.

J. Aus. SanpMan,

Mag. phil., Fiskeri-Inspektor, Director

of the Fishery Museum, Helsingtors.

Priority Rule in Zoological Nomenclature. 7

G. O, Sars,

Professor of Zoology at the University

of Christiania.

Jous. Scumripr,

Dr. phil., Carlsberg Laboratory,

Copenhagen.

Guipo Scuxeiper,

Dr. phil,, Lecturer on Zoology at the

Polytechnicum, Riga (formerly

Helsingfors).

J. Sparre ScunFiver,

Director of the Museum of Tromsé,

Norway.

I. H. Scuéyen,

Conservator at the Zoological

Museum, Christiania.

W. M. Scuéyen,

State Entomologist, Christiania,

Hs. Scuvutman,

Dr. phil., Lektor, Tammerfors,

Finland.

K. Yxyeve Scuwarrz,

Zoological Institute, Stockholm.

YNGVE Sy6step7,

Professor, Director of the Entomolo-

gical Departinent of the Riks-

museum, Stockholin.

Wi1i1AM Sorensen,

Dr. phil., Copenhagen.

R. H. Sraxm,

Lecturer on Histology and Embryo-

logy at the University of Copen-

hagen.

C. M. Sruenpere,

Mag. scient., Assistant at the Histo-

logical Laboratory of the University

of Copenhagen.

K. SrepHensen,

Cand. Mag., Zoological Museum,

Copenhagen.

V. Storm,

Conservator at the Zoological

Museum, Trondhjem, Norway.

a |

Henrik Strinppere,

Assistant at the Zoological Institute,

Stockholm.

Oscar Sunn,

Assistant to the Fiskeri-Direktor,

Bergen.

Gust. SWRNANDER,

Dr. phil., Fiskeri-Intendent,

Viinersborg, Sweden.

Haatmar Tuer,

Professor, Director of the Department

of Invertebrates, Riksmuseum,

Stockholm.

Gustav Thu iy,

Assistant at the Zoological Institute

of the University of Lund, Sweden.

Tvar Traagarpn,

Dr. phil., Assistant at the Entomo-

logical Department of the Central

Agricultural Bureau, Stockholm.

Fitie Trysom,

Dr. phil., Chief of the Bureau of

Fisheries, Stockholm.

Tycno TuLLBeRrG,

Professor emer. of Zoology, Uppsala,

Sweden.

Aus. TULLGREN,

Chief of Entomological Department

of Central Agricultural Bureau,

Stockholm.

Hans WALLENGREN,

Professor of Zoology at the University

of Lund, Sweden.

C. Wesensperc-Luyp,

Dr. phil., Director of the Freshwater

Biological Laboratory, Hilleréd,

Denmark.

Herivur WIncE,

Mag. scient., Vice-Inspector of the

Zoological Museum, Copenhagen.

A, WirEn,

Professor of Zoology at the University

of Uppsala, Sweden.

C. J. Wit,

Cand. mag., Copenhagen,

Ar. WoLLEBRK,

Conservator at the Zoological

Museum, Christiania,

fon}

Bibliographical Notice.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE.

The Life of Crustacea. By W. T. Catman, D.Sc. With 32 Plates

and 85 Figures. London: Methuen & Co.

Ir we may judge by the appalling annual output of books on

“Popular” Natural History, the thirst for information, on the

subject of animal life especially, must beinsatiable. This apparent

demand for more, and yet more, books of the kind is probably born

of unsatisfied desire, for there can be no question but that the

bulk of the volumes which flood the market are worthless, or

worse than worthless, being the product of mere compilers, few of

whom have even an elementary first-hand knowledge of the themes

on which they write. That the remedy for this unfortunate state

of affairs is in the hands of the trained zoologists may be true

enough, but most of those so qualified are men to whom leisure

is unknown and whose literary efforts are absorbed in preparing

essays of a highly technical character. As a consequence, even

when so minded, such men commonly prove but indifferent expositors

when they address themselves to the layman. That Dr. Calman

is a happy exception to the rule is found by his volume on the

‘Life of the Crustacea,’ which is a model of what such a book

should be; and his success is all the more to be applauded

because the Crustacea appeal probably more to the palate than to

the sentiments of the layman. To him the toothsome lobster,

the crayfish, the crab, and the shrimp are not “Crustacea” but

shellfish,” and to him the only other “shellfish” are oysters

and the like! But even to those who are by no means unfamiliar

with the “ Crustacea” Dr. Calman’s book will prove hardly less of

a revelation, for he has contrived to crowd these most seductive

pages with facts that are to be found elsewhere only in learned

treatises and clothed in unfamiliar language.

In a small octavo volume of less than 300 pages it is obvious

that Dr. Calman has had to exercise no little care and ingenuity

in the selection of his material; and a very cursory glance through

his pages will suffice to show that in that selection he has displayed

a singularly discriminating judgment, for he seems to hit upon just

that aspect of his subject which is bound to interest his readers.

It is difficult in the case of a volume where the standard of

excellence is so high to single out any particular chapter as being

one of more interest than another, and still more difficult to select

particular facts from any particular chapter as especially deserving

of comment. Any such selection must always be determined by

the leanings of the critic. Let it suffice, then, to say of this volume

that its aim is to set forth the salient features in the life-history of

the Crustacea, and that therefore purely morphological facts are

Bibliograph ical Notice. 779

left untouched. For the sake, however, of affording a standard of

comparison between the more typical crustaccan and those which,

in response to the demands of changed environment, have become

more or less structurally modified, Dr. Calman has given an intro-

ductory chapter on the lobster as “a type of Crustacea,” and this

he follows up by a second chapter on classification. If those who

are introduced to the study of the Crustacea for the first time

through these pages will carefully read these two chapters they

will discern in those on metamorphosis, the Crustacea of the deep

sea, of the open ocean, and the fresh waters, an aspect of the

plasticity of living organisms hitherto undreamed of—an aspect

elusive, yet real. Thereby, perchance, new interests will be

aroused, and a new and wider view of the mystery of life will

certainly be attained.

But this volume will appeal not merely to those to whom it is

primarily addressed, for now-a-days most of us are specialists, and

this means that we cannot keep abreast of the work done by our

fellows at work in fields other than our own. If, then, we would

gather stimulus by an exchange of thought, we have to turn to

just such a volume as this for inspiration—a volume devoid of the

technicalities which are current coin only among that particular

community of coiners interested in its circulation.

+ Readers of the kind just referred to will long have been familiar

with the phenomena of phosphorescence in the animal kingdom, but

to some perhaps it will be new to learn that the deep-sea prawn

Heterocarpus alphonsi pours out copious clouds of “a ghostly blue

light of sufficient intensity to illuminate a bucket of sea-water so that

all its contents were visible in the clearest detail.” But neither

Dr. Aleock, who originally described the fact, nor Dr. Calman, who

again records it, seem to have any idea as to the nature of the

matter from which this light emanates. His remark on the colours

of deep-sea Crustacea should be carefully pondered over by those

coloration enthusiasts who insist that all colours, whatsoever, in

animals have been evolved for the purposes of protection. In con-

nection with the story of the significance of coloration, one naturally

turns to seek for what obtains among the Crustacea in regard to

modifications of form for protective purposes, and they will find

under this head some extremely striking facts. One is tempted to

demonstrate the statement by quotations, but this review has

already attained a somewhat unusual length; hence we refrain.

Enough surely has been said to show that it is certainly a book not

merely to read, but to possess,

The illustrations, we hasten to add, are not only numerous, but

exceedingly well done, while the “ get-up” of the book leaves

nothing to be desired.

780 Geological Society.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. —

June 14th, 1911.—Prof. W. W. Watts, Se.D., M.Sce., F.R.S.,

President, in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

‘Notes on the Culm of South Devon: Part I—Exeter District.’

By Frederick George Collins, F.G.S.; with a Report on the Plant-

Remains by E. A. Newell Arber, M.A., F.G.S., and Notes on the

Cephalopoda, by George C. Crick, Assoc. R.S.M., F.G.S.

The object of this paper is to show that the fauna of the Culm

Measures of South Devon proves these beds to be the equivalents

of the Pendleside Series of the Midlands, as has been shown by

Dr. Wheelton Hind to be the case with the Culm Measures of North

Devon. The area from which these fossils have come may be

roughly described as a narrow strip of country 17 miles long,

running from south-west to north-east, having the city of Exeter

as its centre. The work has extended over ten years, and innumer-

able sections have been examined without result. The actual

fossiliferous localities are 18 in number, but often the fossils are

too poor for determination. Plant-remains are abundant, but

determinable specimens very rare; the preservation of the frag-

ments is often excellent, although the fragments themselves are

insufficient for specific determination. Such fossils as have been

determined show a sequence from below upwards as we go from

south to north; but it seems advisable to seek more evidence, and

an a{tempt will be made by working due north from Waddon Barton,

a point farther to the west, when, if the attempt is successful,

another communication will be offered to the Society.

INDEX to VOL. VIII.

ABRAXAS, new species of, 544.

Acantholipes, new species of, 535,

Acidalia, new species of, 705.

Acidaliodes, new species of, 1C7,

442,

Acomys, new species of, 125, 259.

Acontia, new species of, 142.

Acrapex, new species of, 517.

Acronycta, new species of, 435,

Adisura, new species of, 508.

Adolenda, characters of the

genus, 740,

Adoretus, new species of, 363.

Adzapala, characters of the new

genus, 739.

Aedia, new species of, 529,

Agrotana, characters of the new

renus, 509.

Agrotiphila, new species of, 415,

Agrotis, new species of, 417.

Agylla, new species of, 402.

Alana, new species of, 599.

Alara, characters of the new genus,

643.

Alcidamea, new species of, 763,}

Allodape, new species of, 182.

Allomyrina, definition of the new

vweneric name, 153.

Alloplectus, characters of the new

genus, 697.

Alypophanes, new species of, 443.

Amblyprora, characters of the new

venus, O54.

Amsacta, new species of, 409.

Anablemma, characters of the new

zenus, 109; new species of, 109,

442,

Ancognatha, new species of, 169,

Angitia, new species of, 113.

Anila, new species of, 741.

Anisolabis, new species of, 40.

Annelida, new, 777.

Anomala, new species of, 357, 473.

Anomalurus, new species of, 257.

Antarchea, new species of, 582.

Anthidium, new species of, 181.

Aplogompha, new species of, 577.

Arber, I, A. Newell, on plant-re-

new

mains from the culm of South

Devon, 730.

Archa, characters of the new genus,

648.

Ariathisa, new species of, 437,

Armacia, new species of, 386.

Arrow, G. J., on the subfamily

Dynastinze, 151: on a new genus

of ruteline coleoptera, 268; on

the ruteliue coleoptera of Ceylon,

354; on species of Anomala from

S. India, 473.

Arugisa, new species of, 217,

Arvicanthis, new species of, 120,

128, 338.

abyssinicus, on, 834.

Asura, new species of, 405,

Athetis, new species of, 437,

Auchenisa, new species of, 583.

Austromalaya, new species of, 384,

A.itomolis, new species of, 188,

Azelina, new species of, 593.

Babycurus, new species of, 467,

Balacra, new species of, 394.

Baniana, new species of, 217, 580,

Bapta, new species of, 579.

Barbus, new species of, 369,

Baroa, new species of, 411.

Bather, Dr. I’. A., on the holotypes

of the fossil scorpions Paleo-

machus anglicus and Paleeophonus

caledonicus, 6738.

Batrachians, new, 55.

Bendis, new species of, 223.

Bethune-Baker, G. T., on new lepi-

doptera from Tropical Africa, 506 ;

on new lepidoptera from New

Guinea, 542.

Berbsrodes, new species of, 578,

Blabera, new species of, 12,

Blatta, new species of, 7,

Blattide, new, 1.

Bolton, H., on faunal horizons in

the Bristul coalfield, 551.

Bombycodes, new species of, 601,

Bonatea, new species of, 586.

Books, new:—Canada Department

of Mines, Geological Survey

Ann. d& Alag. N. fist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. a2

782

Branch, 391; Records of the

Indian Museum, vol. iv. no. vi.,

391; Catalogue of the Lepidoptera

Phalenez in the British Museum,

vol. x., 391; Atlas of Zoogeo-

graphy, 550; Goldman’s Revision

of the Wood Rats of the Genus

Neotoma, 551; Tanaka's Figures

and Descriptions of the Fishes of

Japan, 677; Regan’s British

« Freshwater Fishes, 677 ; Zoologi-

eal Address-Book 388 ; Calman’s

The Life of Crustacea, 778.

Borysthenes, new species of, 744.

‘Boulenger, G. A., on a new species

» of Clarias from Lake Rukwa, 64;

on three new tree-frogs from New

Guinea, 55; on new freshwater

fishes from Vortuguese Guinea,

56; on new African cyprinodont

tishes, 260; cn two new African

. barbels, 869; on three new snakes

from S. Cameroon, 370; on three

new freshwater fishes from 8.

.. Cameroon, 372; on new African

species of Mastacembelus, 637.

Brixia, new species of, 745.

Broun, Major T., on the Pselaphide

of New Zealand, 488, 685.

Bryocodia, new species of, 116.

Bryogramma, characters of the new

genus, 106,

Pryephila, new species of, 454,

Burr, Dr. M., notes on the Forficu-

laria, 39, 51.

Callyna, new species of, 440.

Calman, Dr. W. T., on a_ crayfish

trom New Guinea, 366: on an

epizoic hydroid on a crab from

Christmas Island, 546,

Cauibogia, new species of, 706,

Capnodes, new species of, 226,

Caprona, new species of, 506.

Carbona, new species of, 102.

@ardiosace, new species of, 524.

Carea, new species of, 150,

Casandria, new species of, 211.

Castalius, new species of, 506,

Catada, new species of, 558.

Caupolicana vestita, new variety of,

285.

Celama, new species of, 397.

Celiptera, new species of, 211.

Cephalophus natalensis, on local

forms of, 277.

Ceratina, new species of, 185,

Chabuata, new species of, 421.

Cheerilus, new species of, 470.

Chalciope, new species of, 528.

Chalenata, new species of, 115.

Chapman, F., on the foraminifera,

ostracoda, and parasitic fungi

from the kainozoie limestones of

Cyrenaica, 292.

Chaprina, characters of the new

genus, 644.

Chelynia, new species of, 768.

Cheraps, on the New Guinea species

of, 366.

Chlorocrisia, characters of the new

genus, 408.

Chorisoneura, new species of, 11.

Chrysorabdia, new species of, 401.

Chytonix, new species of, 97.

Cicadide, new, 152.

Cidariophanes, new species of, 600.

Cimicodes, new species of, 582.

Cirpbis, new species of, 425,

Cirrodiana, characters of the new

genus, 515.

Cirsodes, new species of, 587.

Clarias, new species of, 54, 372.

Cleophana, new species of, 232.

Clovia, new species of, 388.

Cnestus, characters of the new genus,

383.

Cobbold, FE. S., on trilobites from

the Paradoxides beds of Comley,

679.

Cockerell, T. D. A., descriptions and

records of bees, 179, 283, 660, 763.

Crenipeta, new species of, 212.

Coleoptera, new, 75, 158, 268, 356,

381, 473, 489, G85.

Collembola, records of, new to Eng-

land, 82.

Collins, F. G., on the culm of South

Devon, 780.

Commolenda, characters of the new

genus, 741.

Concana, new species of, 215.

Coptotrophis, new species of, 76.

Corgatha, new species of, 522.

Corium, new species of, 704.

Crambus, new species of, 720.

Creatonotus, new species of, 409.

Cricetomys, new species of, 124, 258.

Crick, G. C., on cephalopoda from

the culm of South Devon, 780.

Crocidura, new species of, 119, 875.

Crocisa, new species of, 770.

Cropia, new species of, 429.

Crustacea, new, 3880, 462, 625,

Cryptotympana, new species of, 133,

Cucullia, vew species of, 252.

Cyclocephala, new species of, 171.

Cyclomia, new species of, 579.

Cynodonts, on the skulls of some,

203.

Cynognathus, on the skull of, 314.

Cyprinoidea, on the classification of

the, 13.

Darna, new species of, 717.

Daulis, new species of, 544.

Dawnaria, characters of the new

genus, 642,

Deinypena, new species of, 539,

Delphyre, new species of, 396.

Dendrohyrax, new subspecies of, 131.

Desmotricha, definition of the new

generic name, 396,

Deudoryx, new species of, 233.

Devon, South, on the culm of, 780.

Diacrisia, new species of, 408.

Diademodon, on the skull of, 293.

lianthidium, new species of, 179.

Dibley, G. E., on the teeth of the

genus Ptychodus, 392.

Ticentria, new species of, 143.

Dichodontus, new species of, 155,

Dichromia, new species of, 540.

Diduga, new species of, 406.

Diparopsis, new species of, 511.

Dipelicus, new species of, 154.

Diplatys, new species of, 39.

Diploptera, new African, 445,

Diptera, new, 59, 71.

Diptilon, new species of, 395.

Dirphia, new species of, 719.

Distant, W. L., on new genera and

species of Cicadide, 182; on

rhynchota from the Solomon

Islands, 384; on rhynchota from

the Aru Islands, 389; on new

genera and species of Oriental

homoptera, 639, 735.

Ditrizna, characters of the new

ger: s, 273.

Dollman, G., on mammals from E.

Africa, 124,652; onnew W. Afri-

can rodents, 257 ; on a new spiny

mouse from Somaliland, 259; on

Arvicanthis abyssinicus, 334; on

a new black-tailed rat from S.

Africa, 544; on anew W. African

squirrel, 7

Drake-Brockman, Dr. R. E., on two

new species of Lepus, 275.

Drobeta, new species of, 111.

Druce, H., on new species of hetero-

cera, 158, 716.

DEX.:

Drugera, new species of, 142.

Durangona, characters of the new

genus, 136.

Dynastinew, note on the subfamily,

151,

Dyops, new species of, 216.

Dyscinetus, new species of, 168,

Dysodia, new species of, 541.

Eccoptopterus, new species of, 381.

Edwards, F. W.,on some Tipulida

from Ceylon, 58; on the genus

Eretmapodites, 67.

Firone, new species of, 604.

Elapocalamus, characters of the new

genus, 371.

Elis, new species of, 617.

Elusa, new species of, 420.

Elydna, new species of, 513.

Enispa, new species of, 518.

Enispades, characters of the new

genus, 518.

Ephyrodes, new species of, 228.

Epimys, new species of, 122, 376,

460, 544.

Episilia, new species of, 90, 418.

Eretmapodites, on the culicid genus,

67 ; new species of, 71.

Eriocera, new species of, 64.

Eriopus, new species of, 98, 432.

Eriopyga, new species of, 92, 422.

Kthiopica, new species of, 438, 512.

Eublemma, new species of, 231, 520.

Eublemmara, characters of the new

genus, 521.

Eucereon, new species of, 396.

Eucyrtothynnus, new subspecies of,

606,

Euetheola, new species of, 166.

Eugatha, characters of the new -

genus, 444.

Eugoa, new species of, 406.

Eumichtis, new species of, 426,

Ennomia, new species of, 395.

Eupithecia, new species of, 708.

iuplectopsis, new species of, 686,

Euplexia, new species of, 510.

Ewricania, new species of, 386.

Eurohweria, definition of the new

generic name, 608.

Eurosia, new species of, 403.

Euryglossa, new species of, 289.

Eustrotia, new species of, 210, 523,

Eutelia, new species of, 526.

Euthyrrapha, new species of, 8.

Euxoa, new species of, 90.

Evotomys, new subspecies of, 759,

Ixua, new species of, 227,

784

Farigia, new species of, 140.

Fishes, on the classification of the

teleostean, 13, 553, 729; new, 54,

56, 369, 372, 373, 637, 659,

Focilla, new species of, 229,

Forficularia, notes on the 39, 51.

Forster-Cooper, C., on anew genus

of Rhinocerotide from the Bugti

Hills, 711.

Funisciurus, new species of, 733.

Garudinodes, new species of, 403.

Garwood, Prof. E. J., on the lower

carboniferous succession in the

north-west of England, 681.

Genussa, new species of, 60].

Geological Society, proceedings of

the, 291, 392, 551, 679, 780.

Geranomyia, new species of, 60.

Gigantoceras, new species of, 527.

Glenoptera, new species of, 230.

Gobioidea, on the osteology and

classification of the, 729.

Gomphognathus polyphagus, on the

skull of, 312.

Gonionotophis, new species of, 370,

Gonodes, new species of, 105.

Gortynodes, characters of the new

genus, 512.

Graphelysia, characters of the new

genus, 408.

Gregory, Dr. J. W., on the foseil

echinoidea of Cyrenaica, 292.

Gyrinochilus pustulosus, note on, 29.

Gyrtona, new species of, 543.

Hemaphlebia, characters of the new

genus, 407,

Halictus, new species of, 187, 661.

Hamalia, new species of, 706.

Hanpets Sir G. F., on new genera

and species of Syntomide, Arc-

tiadee, Agaristide, and Noctuidae,

395.

Haplonerita, characters of the new

genus, 41],

Heliorabdia, characters of the new

genus, 402.

Helogale, new species of, 724.

Hemithyrsocera, new species of, 1.

Herbita, new species of, 586.

Herminia, new species of, 539.

Herminodes, new species of, 219.

Hermonassa, new species of, 416.

Heterocampa, new species of, 143.

Heterochroma, new species of, 430.

Heterogramma, new species of, 540.

Heteroligus, new species of, 160, -

Heteroptera, new, 584, 589.

INDEX,

Heterusia, new species of, 543.

Hippia, new species of, 142.

Hirst, S., on a new pedipalp from

Burma, 380; on new scorpions,

462; ou new opiliones from Japan,

625,

Hister, new species of, 82.

Histeride, new, 73.

Holozompsa, new species of, 8.

Homeeocera, new species of, 716.

Homoptera, new, 152, 585, 390, 639,

735.

Hoplotarache, new species of, 445.

Hovophileurus, characters of the new

genus, 164.

Hydroid, on an epizoic, on Xanthias

haswelli, 546.

Hyla, new species of, 55.

Hylella, new species of, 55.

Hymenoptera, new, 179, 283, 602,

660, 445, 748, 763.

Hypena, new species of, 539, 543.

Hypocaccus, new species of, 89.

Hypoctonus, new species of, 380.

Hypographa, new species of, 702.

Hypoplexia, new species of, 452.

Ilema, new species of, 401.

Iluza, new species of, 531.

Imbabura, characters of the new

genus, 135,

Iosiomorpha, new species of, 718.

Tridesmiodes, new species of, 541.

Ischnoptera, new species of, 2.

Isochromodes, new species of, 591.

Isogona, new species of, 223.

Jugurtia, new species of, 448.

Kenoccelus, characters of the new

genus, 700.

Kerodon, new species of, 255.'

Kirkpatrick, R., on a new spongs

from Christmas Island, 177.

Labanda, new species of, 532.

Labeo, new species of, 372.

Labia, new species of, 49.

Labus, new species of, 451.

Leioselia, characters of the new

genus, 94,

Lepidoptera, new, 90, 158, 208, 231,

233, 235, 393, 506, 542, 577, 702,

716.

Leptoctenopsis, new species of, 704,

Lepus, new species of, 275.

Leucania, new species of, 425,

Leuciris, new species of, 708.

Lewis, G., on new species of Histe-

ridx, 73.

Lithacodia, new species of, 209,

INDEX. 735

Lobopalta, new species of, 710.

Lophomyra, characters of the new

genus, 9Y.

Lophoptera, new species of, 719.

Lophotagonia, characters of the new

genus, 527.

Lophuromys, new species of, 377.

Lutra, new subspecies of, 726,

Lycaugesia, new species of, 111.

Lychas, new species of, 464.

Lycophotia, new species of, 418.

Macaduma, new species of, 403.

Macdonald, D. P., on the foramini-

feral limestones of Cyrenaica, 292.

Macrolister, new species of, 81.

Malacampa, new species of, 146.

Mammals, new, 119, 124, 250, 257,

271, 275, 388, 375, 378, 460, 544,

653, 711, 720, 724, 727, 733, 758 ;

on warning characteristics amongst

insectivorous and carnivorous, 700,

Mareta, new species of, 3.

Marthyssa, new species of, 149.

Masaride, notes on the family, 747.

Masaris, notes on species of, 445.

Mastacembelus, new species of, 637,

Meade-Waldo, G., on new African

-dipluptera, 445; on the family

Masaride, 747.

Medzens haswelli, on an epizoic hy-

droid on, 546,

Megachile, new species of, 283, 288.

Melanolophia, new species of, 599,

Melisa, new species of, 395.

Melissina, characters of the new

genus, 670,

Meragisa, new species of, 147.

Mesothen, new species of, 138.

Metanastes, characters of the new

genus, 166,

Metaparagia, characters of the new

genus, 748.

Metarctia, new species of, 138.

Metasada, new species of, 622.

Meticulodes, new species of, 710.

Micragrotis, new species of, 415,

508.

Micranomala, characters of the new

genus, 268,

Micrantha, new species of, 208.

Microgonia, new species of, 583.

Microsemia, new species of, 581.

Microtus, new species of, 723, 759.

Mictis, new species of, 389.

Mictochroa, new species of, 114.

Miltochrista, new species of, 406.

Mimeusemia, new species of, 414.

Miselia, new species of, 93, 420.

Mnemosyue, new species of, 738,

Mollusea, new, 331.

Monodes, new species of, 100.

Montezumia, new species of, 455.

Morrisonia, new species of, 423.

Mortensen, Dr. Th., on the priority

rule in zoological nomenclature,

770.

Mundopa, new species of, 743.

Myospalax, new species of, 720, 727,

Myzine, new species of, 614,

Naarda, new species of, 540.

Nacaduba, new species of, 542.

Nagadeba, new species of, 557.

Nannodota, characters of the new

genus, 407,

Neobuthus, characters of the new

genus, 462.

Neocodia, characters of the new

genus, 117.

Neolita, new species of, 107.

Nevophzenis, new species of, 435.

Neosterrha, new species of, 705,

Neostrotia, new species of, 439.

Nephelistis, new species of, 91.

Nephodia, new species of, 709.

Neuranethes, characters of the new

genus, 508.

Newton, R, B., on the kainozoi¢

mollusea of Cyrenaica, 291,

Nishada, new species of, 401.

Nodaria, new species of, 537.

Nodozana, new species of, 403,

Nola, new species of, 397.

Nomenclature, on the priority rule

in, 770.

Nomia, new species of, 186.

Nyctalus, new species of, 379.

Nyinphrytria, characters of the new _

genus, 0).

Obroatis, new species of, 228.

Ochotona, new species of, 728, 760,

Odynerus, new species of, 457.

(Ecomys, new species of, 250.

(Enoptila, new species of, 594,

(Enothalia, new species of, 598,

Oliarus, new species of, 735,

Oligia, new species of, 510.

Omalodes, new species of, 80.

Oncopodura, new species of, 35,

Opharus, new species of, 139.

Opiliones, new Japanese, 625.

Opisthoxia, new species of, 578.

Oroscopa, new species of, 224,

Orsa, new species of, 221.

Orthogramma, new species of, 229,.

736

Orthoptera, new, 1, 59,

Osmia, new species of, 764.

Ostacronycta, characters of the new

genus, 035.

Ostariophysi, on the classification of

the order, 13, 553.

Ozarba, new species of, 115, 523.

Palzxomachus anglicus, on the holo-

type of, 673.

-aleeophonus caledonicus, on the

holotype of, 673.

Panacra, new species of, 234.

Panesthia, new species of, 13.

Papuana, characters of the new

genus, 156.

Paraceratherium, characters of the.

new genus, 711.

Paragia, new species of, 749.

Paralophata, characters of the new

genus, 515,

Paramicrixia, characters of the new

genus, 742.

Parangitia, new species of, 112.

Parasiopsis, characters of the new

genus, 556.

Parathermes, new species of, 536,

Paraxerus, new species of, 653,

VParomphale, new species of, 439,

Pelmatochromis, new species of, 372.

Pelorurus, new species of, 87.

Perandenina, characters of the new

genus, 644.

Periclina, new species of, 591.

Pericopsis, new species of, 717.

Perigea, new species of, 103, 480,510,

Petalosoma, new species of, 659,

Petelia, new species of, 596.

Petilampa, new species of, 511,

Phacusosia, characters of the new

-genus, 404,

Phalerodes, new species of, 516.

Phenice, new species of, 639.

Phobalosia, new species of, 211,

Phra, characters of the new genus,

647.

Phragmatiphila, new species of, 517.

Phragmatobia, new species of, 235.

Platylabia, new species of, 50.

Platylister, new species of, 79.

Platysoma, new species of, 79.

Plectroninia, new species of, 177.

Plotheia, new species of, 527.

Pocock, R.I., on instances of warning

characteristics amongst ~ insecti-

vorous and carnivorous mammals,

750,

DEX,

Poeciliide, on fishes of the family,

373.

Poectes, new species of, 149.

Polacanthopoda, new species of,

413.

Polia, new species of, 719.

Pollonera, Dr. C., on new species of

Urocyclide from British E. Africa,

321.

Polyphaga, new species of, 10.

Prionoryctes, characters of the new

genus, 161.

Priority rule, on the, 770.

Proanthidium, new species of,

180.

Procavia, new species of, 123, 461.

Prodenia, new species of, 511.

Proechimys, new species of, 252,

Prolymnia, characters of the new

genus, 440,

Proroblemma, new species of, 108.

Prout, 1. B., on new species of Geo--

metridee, 702.

Psammosteus taylovi, note on, 649.

Pselaphidee, on the New Zealand,

48x, 685.

Pseudapicia, new species of, 582.

Pseudobiantes, characters of the new

genus, 652.

Pscudoderopeltis, new species of, 7.

Pseudohomonyx, new species of,

159.

Psilagon, new species of, 144.

Ptilozlossa, new species of, 287.

Pucaya, new species of, 167.

Pydnaodes, characters of the new

genus, 407.

Ramesodes, new species of, 517.

Regan, C. 'T., on the classification of

the teleostean fishes of the order

Ostariophysi, 13, 553; on tishes of

the family Peeciliide, 375; ona

new Peeciliid fish from the Ama-

zon, 659; on the osteology and

classification of the gobioid fishes,

729.

Remigia, new species of, 530.

Reptiles, new, 870.

Reynolds, Prof. S. H., on the faunal

and lithological sequence in the

carboniferous limestone of Bur-

rington Combe, 684.

Rhaygigaster, new species of, 602,

Khaphidoglossa punctata, note on,

449,

Rhinyptia, new species of, 356,

LIN DEX. ‘—87

Rhodogastria, new species of, 235

411.

Rhodoneura, new species of, 542.

Rhosologia, new species of, 218.

Rhynchina, new species of, 539.

Khynchium, new species of, 456.

liicania, new species of, 385,

Rifargia, new species of, 148.

Rihana, new species of, 132.

Rivulana, characters of the new

genus, 6382.

Robigus, characters of the new

genus, 641.

Reeselia, new species of, 399.

Rothia, new species of, 414.

Rothschild, Hon. W., on new Alge-

rian lepidoptera, 231; on new

lepidoptera from New (iuinea,

253 ; on anew Madagascar Arctiid,

230.

Sabulodes, new species of, 588.

Sagola, new species of, 489.

Sampson, Lt.-Col. W., on two new

wood-boring beetles, 381.

Saprinus, new species of, 88.

Sarcinodes, new species of, 703.

Sarmatia, new species of, 538.

Sawda, new species of, 890.

Schaus, W., on new heterocera from

Costa Rica, 90, 208, 577.

Scodiona, new species of, 232.

Scolia, notes on species of, 619,

Scorpiops, new species of, 471.

Seirarctia, new species of, 410,

Selymbria, new species of, 134.

Semiothisa, new species of, 580,

Semmopithecus, new species of, 271.

Setamia, new species of, 518.

Shelford, R., on new = species of

Blattide, 1.

Shoebotham, J. W., records of

Collembola new to England, 32.

Siccia, new species of, 404,

Silurvidea, on the classification of

the, 553.

Sitalces, new species of, 628.

Sorex, new species of, 758.

Spilodiscus, new species of, 84.

Sponge, on a new, 171.

Spongovostox, new species of, 46,

Stelis, new species of, 769.

Stenarctia, new species of, 410.

Stenocrates, new species of, 168.

Stenopterygia, new species of, 426,

Stictothripa, new species of, 213.

Stylactis, note on a species of, 546.

Stylopyga, new species of, 4,

Styringomyia, new species of, 62,

Sumangala, characters of the new

genus, 642,

Synagris, new species of, 454:

Synodontis, new species of, 56,

Syntomis, new species of, 593.

Systenocentrus, new species of, 625,

Taphozous, new species of, 378.

Tapoosa, characters of the new genus,

646,

Tarache, new species of, 525,

‘Tartessus, new species of, 388.

Tatera, new species of, 375,

Taterillus, new species of, 656,

Teretrius, new species of, 77.

Tetracis, new species of, 595,

Tetralonia, new species of, 183,

Tetraloniella, new species of, 184,

Teucholabis, new species of, 61. .

Thalatha, new species of, 4:35,

Thamnomys, new species of, 657.

Therina, new species of, 593.

Thermesia, new species of, 222.

Theromus, on the skull of, 316,

Thomas, 0., on mammals from the

Upper Gambia &c., 117; on new

rodents from S. America, 250; on

new African mammals, 375; on

two new Eastern bats, 378; on

three new rodents from Kan-su,

720; on four new African carni-

vores, 724; on new rodents from

Sze-chwan, 727 ; on new mammals

from Central and Westein Asia,

758.

Thrypticomyia, new species of, 59.

Thysanopyga, new species of, 595,

Tilapia, new species of, 57.

Timora, new species of, 507. p

Tipulide from Ceylon, on some, 58.

Tityus, new species of, 467.

Trachea, new species of, 95, 427,

Trichestra, new species of, 92.

Trichoclystis, new species of, 707.

Trichogomphus, new species of, 153,

Tricholepis, new species of, 405,

Trichotoxon, new species of, 332.

‘Triepeolus, new species of, 668,

Trigona, new species of, 286.

Trisulana, characters of the new

genus, 054.

Trogoblemma, new species of, 108.

Trouessart, Prof. 1.-L., on a new

species of Semmopithecus from

Tonkin, 271.

783

Trypanseus, new species of, 75,

Turner, R. E., on fossorial hymeno-

ptera, 602.

Tyana, new species of, 150.

Typhlops, new species of, 370.

'Tyrissa, new species of, 218.

Ugerda, new species of, 145,

Urabunana, new species of, 137,

Uroeyclus, new species of, 331.

Urodacus, new species of, 469.

Vaughan, Dr. A., on the faunal and

lithological sequence in the car-

boniferous limestone of Burrinzton

Combe, 684.

Vidamus, new species of, 691.

Virbia, new species of, 139.

Waterhouse, C. O., on a new genus

of Buprestide, 272.

Watson, I. M.S, on the skull of

Diademodon, 293.

INDEX,

Woodward, Dr. A. S., on Psammos-

teus taylori, 649.

Woolacott, Dr. D., on the permian

of Durham, 679.

Wroughton, R_ C., on local forms of

Cephalophus natalensis, 277; on

mammals from the Upper Nile,

458.

Xanthias haswe'li, on an_ epizoic

hydroid on, 546.

Xanthograpta, new species of, 523.

Xiphophorus, new species of, 373.

Xylocopa, new species of, 286.

Zaspilothynnus, new species of, 613.

Zealandius, new species of, 693.

Zoolozical nomenclature, on

priority rule in, 770.

Zoraida, new species of, 640.

the

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