“Omnes res creatx sunt divine sapientix et potentia testes, divitie felicitatis

humanx :—ex harum usu Jonitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapientia Domini ;

ex ceconomia in) conseryatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia majestatis

elucet. Earum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper zstimata ;

a veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doctis et barbaris semper

inimica fuit.’”—Linyaxus.

“Quel que soit Ie principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour

voir qu'elle est le chef-d’ceeuvre-de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor-

tent toutes ses opérations.’—Brucxner, Théorie du Systéme Animal, Leyden,

1767.

06 Bis 2 eke > » eLnO Sylvan powers

Obey our summons; from their deepest dells

The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild

And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs

That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme

And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed,

But scatter round ten thousand forms minute

Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock

Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too

Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face

They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush

That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles,

Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread,

The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne,

All, all to us unlock their secret stores

And pay their cheerful tribute.

J. Taytor, Norwich, 1818.

~ 0» TRE © Tie “tie me ements lh ae nti

CONTENTS OF VOL, XI.

(EIGHTH SERIES, }

NUMBER 61. :

Page

I. New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica—XIX. By

PAPA IELILS, . (chi terasind da Gist Sutotesacdseres 5 1

IT. New Species of Diploptera in the Collection of the British

Museum. By GrorrrEy MeapE-WALDO, M.A. ......00e eee e eee dt

Ill. Descriptions and Records of Bees—XLVIII. By T. D. A.

Cocumamnr, University of Colorad0t i f.0.c2die secs tiose areas 54

IV. On some Features of the Structure of the Therocephalian

pen eaaay Sere. WW ATHON, MEG... , 35s «te Begs esa om Ep able. 65

——— _ Y. Two new Australian Mammals. By OLpFIELD THomas.... 79

VI. Raia undulata, Lacep., and its Distribution on the British

Coasts. By C. Tate Reaan, M.A. (Plate 1.) .........002.05

VII. Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews.—

No. XXXIV. By Prof. M‘Inrosu, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S., &e.

Mg OMe e eee eee eee eee ee eee ee ee 83

~~. VIII. On some rare Amazonian Mammals from the Collection of

the Para Museum. By OLpFreELD THOMAS ...........s0e.s00-- 130

TX. On small Mammals collected in Jujuy by Sefor E. Budin.

EME APR MMEICEEY UENO UEASS 55, cargo Siwy ener et obaactsnires vo Wis ryaracio mare odie tls a bid é 136

— XX. On some Specimens of Glauconycteris from the Cameroons.

le CORPSE EOMAS Coo. o tard ato me teen Rata weap ce ee win gla b's 144

XI. A new Oribi from the Galla Country to the North of Lake

Semis “Ib y, Ceeee BSC ATWI, os gach nape bnns Visas eWndadas 146

XII. A Revision of the Astlide of Australasia. By GERTRUDE

PMMMORe Aki eid dP adss asco eRyaddaar rec asccesssosedaee vob 147

1v CONTENTS.

Page

XII. Notes on the Forficularia—XXII. Notes on the Wing-

venation in the Dermaptera. By Matcoim Burr, D.S8c., F.E.S., &e.

(Pintes S09) 5 isco eee on cee ces Chee cere eee ee eee 78

XII. Pleurosaurus and the Homologies of the Bones of the

Temporal Region of the Lizard’s Skull. By D. M.S. Watson, M.Sc.,

Lecturer on Vertebrate Paleontology, University College, London.

(Plate VI) an. .o. cts ba sete a pee cota Gee Seka en 84

XIV. Dicynodon haili, sp. n.,an Anomodont Reptile from South

Africa. By D. M. 8S. Watson, M.Sc., Lecturer in Vertebrate

Paleontology at University College, London.................. Pee)

XV. On the Nomenclature of the South-African Pariasaurians.

By D. M.S. Watson, M.Se., Lecturer on Vertebrate Paleontology

in University College, London ................ Sie omen e tee 98

XVI. On a new Species of the Genus Pipa from Northern Brazil.

By Lorenz M@txieEr, Curator, Division of Herpetology, Munich

MUseUM joict ceiteke os hk Res eee Ete ee eee eee eee ees 102

XVII. Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Drepanide

and Thyridide. By Sir GroreGE F. Hampson, Bart., F.Z.8., &c... 103

XVIII. Notes ou British Forms of Apodemus. By Martin A.

CPTENTON, «foie 5 oe ete w oom soa 5 de eA ele ee ene ee a!

XIX. What is Binary Nomenclature? By Ernar LOnNBERG,

HDs EANGZS., dc. sof i athe sate os Gene eae ae 154

New Book :—Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. With an Atlas

of Quarto Plates, ) By Henny Sura o . 0). cb ee 138

Proceedings of the Geological Society ............+-..00e 140—142

On the Dates of Publication of C. W. Hahn and C. L. Koch, ‘ Die

Arachniden,’ 1831-1849, by C. Davies Sherborn ............ 143

NUMBER 80.

XX. Preliminary Account of Aspidodrilus, a remarkable Epizoic

Oligochete. By H.-A. Baws, BOA. ees pee a ete eee onesie 145

XXI. A new African Squirrel presented to the British Museum

by Capt. the Hon. R. O. B. Bridgeman, R.N. By Guy Dotrman . 152

XXII. Indian Pyrgotine (Diptera). By Prof. M. Bezzz, Turin,

Dtialyyer woke eset Gael WEe Has ho os rin Sy 355 oe ae eee 153

XXIII. On Stenopylis, a proposed new Genus of Endodontide.

By Huew ©. FULTON © «2.2.2... eee eee eee nen meer ee ees 168

XXIV. On a few undescribed Cicadide from California. By

OW: Up DrasvAWwe Oh) e wks BBA eS ee eS ek ee 165

CONTENTS, Vv

Page

XXV. Some Cretaceous and Tertiary Cirripedes referred to

Pollicipes. By Tuomas H. Wiruers, F.G.S. (Plates VIL. & VIIL.). 167

XXVI. Description of a new Species of Terrestrial Isopoda

from India. By Watrer E. Coxurmer, M.Sc, F.LS., F:ES.

oy circ ae ss Oe yeti d alg RA I ae io ata ooase nm « 206

New Book :—Animal Life by the Sea-shore. By G. A. and G. L.

BoULENGER......... oP ie Pa a OPP ee Ee pi ret 208

NUMBER 81.

XXVIT. On some Oriental Nycteribiide [Diptera Pupipara]. By

Hueu Scott, M.A. (Cantab.), F.L.S., F.E.S., Curator in Entomo-

logy in the University of Cambridge. (Plates X.-XIL.)..... a ttes 209

XXVIII. New Species of Paralastor, Sauss. (Hymenoptera, Fam.

Eumenide), collected by Mr. R, E. Turner in S.W. Australia. By

Pewnbace ennie, MEAL. DiSt ELS 5a. cc ce ccc ee maccwestee 235

XXIX. New South-American Rodents. By OLpFIELD THomas. 240

XXX. Notes on Fossorial Hymenopteraa—XII. By Rowianp

MINCE M25 Fei, ok cu Sun felch Sass om vide ot. Owa ct. 24B

XXXI. Some Further Notes on Lamellicorn Beetles of the Sub-

family Dynastine. By GILBERT J. ARRow. (Plate XIII.) .... 257

NUMBER 82.

XXXII. Three new Species of Certagrion from West Africa

(Order Odonata). By HerBert CAMPION .........-..0000e0e: 277

XXXII. A new @netus from New Guinea. By J. J. Joicry,

fee and AS Noses, FE.S..- (Plate XIV.) <0 acs nee ce acwns 282

XXXIV. On new Species of Histeride and Notices of others.

Beir, tewis, F.L.S. (Plate EV.) s0..0.5.ccencs-. 3 ae ee 283

XXXYV. Report on the Annelida Polycheta collected in the

North Sea and adjacent parts by the Scotch Fishery Board Vessel

‘ Goldseeker.—Part Ll. Sylade to Eunicide. By Jamrs W.

Prypr, M.A., Walker Trust Research Scholar, Gatty Marine

Taboratory, St. Andrews.” (Plate MVI.) 22... ec ee cece eee 289

XXXVI. Notes on Coleoptera of the Genus Azarelius, Fairm.

( Tenebrionide), with Descriptions of new Species. By K.G. Biarr. 315

XXXVII. Two new Species of Pyrochroide (Coleoptera) from

Serer PEPPER OESEOMER cele Fcc kiniccs esc vvicetSceiabeceureps> 317

vi CONTENTS.

Page

XXXVIII. A Key to the Species of the Genus Crypturus, with

Descriptions of some new Forms. By Lorp Brasourng, F.ZS.,

M-B.O.U., and Cusnins Couns, 125. MON see co ee 319

XXXIX. Rhynchotal Notes—LV. By W.L. Distant ...... 323

XL. Some new Species of Rhynchota from Mt. Merinjak, Borneo.

By W. As. DISTANT } :\205 Gyalee sice Shee he eke © tee eee 333

XLI. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.—XIII. By Row1ianp

Hi. TURNER, JB... abso. Realtek eau Pei): ss seas ORE eee a7

XLII. A new Species of Yabanus from Jndia. By GerrrupE

RICARDO roe. Gee te rae cove eee eee CoCr eeG keer enn ee 359

Some Further Notes on Lamellicorn Beetles of the Subfamily

Diynastine, by Gilbett J_-AtIGW-ps eee Setanta eee 360

NUMBER 83.

XLII. Descriptions and Records of Bees —LXIII. By T. D. A.

COGKERELL, University. of Colorado =. 2%; a. a-< oe ee eee eee 361

XLIV. A Note on the Apparent Absence of Sexual Characters

in the Shell of Neritina fluviatilis. By A. E. Boycott and J. W.

JACKSON (Victona University)... ...\..* -.-<see-ee fee ee eee 369

XLV. Brief Descriptions of new Thysanoptera.—lLV. By Ricnarp

S. Baenaty, F.LS., F..S. (Hope Department of Zoology, Uni-

wersity Museum, Oxford) < 0.2.0.1. ise soe ene spe eRe ee eee 375

XLVI. A new Genus of Bats allied to Nyctophilus. By OLDFIELD

[Defoe SHO OAM oma SMES SSS a POG Sos se So - 381

XLVII. Descriptions of Three new Fishes from South Cameroon.

By GA. Bourencen, FESS 2. G8 «eet howe soe ee eee eee 385

XLVIII. Descriptions of Two new Fishes from Northern Rho-

desia, @By 'G. A. BOULENGER, FURS: 23 ..ee cee sectukee. frne 385

XLIX. Notes on the Tabanide of the Australian Region. By

GERTRUDE RICARDO'. 3. i262 A. ...s VERSE oe eee a LE Oe 387

L. The Devonian Crinoid Cupressocrinus townsend! Konig, sp.

By PAS Barare, MCAD Se, RS, |...5. esas eka ee cee eee 397

LI. Notes and Synonymy of Hymenoptera in the Collection of

the British Museum, By Grorrrey Mravg-Wa po, M.A., and

Crk rp RIDBERT, EUA.D 2 tock ie bees So ode pee eee ocr 402

LIL. Four new Small Mammals from Venezuela. By OLDFIELD

TRMBS ners ces seesaw eke Se ear ce Bale hye va sie. * ah 410

Pee”

CONTENTS. vil

Page

LIL. On Octopetalum, a new Genus of Avian Cestodes. By

H. A. Bayiis, B.A. (Plates XVII. & XVUIL.) .....-..-0 0s ... 414

LIV. Notes on the Forficularia.—X XIII. More new Species. By .

Matcoim Burr, D.Sce., F.ES., &e. cece eee eee cee er eens 420

LV. Ona new Species of the rare Genus Beamys from Nyasaland. .

By Guy DoLLMAN.......ceeeee cere en eeeees Pe aol es eie Si @ <8 428

NUMBER 84.

LVI. Notes on Fossorial Hymenopteraa—XIV. By Rowrianp

DUS AALS | el OS ae CREE Ee OEE 429

LVI. Notes on the Hymenoptera in the Collection of the British

Museum, with Descriptions of new Species. By Grorrrry MEapr-

Watpo, M.A.

LVIII. Descriptions and Records of Bees—LXIV. By T. D. A.

CocKEREL‘«, University of Colorado

LIX. Second List of Small Mammals from Western Yunnan

collected by Mr. F, Kingdon Ward. By OLprieLp THomas...... 472

LX. Descriptions of new Mollusca from New Caledonia, Japan,

Philippines, China, and West Africa. By G. B, Sowersy, F.L.S.

ON Pict en ida ce aan cee eae el bed tioe case kadecbew’ 475

LXI. Notes on Voluta prevostiana, Crosse, and V. megaspira,

Sowerby, with Description of a new Variety, of the Former. By

Gye Sowwens, Bis. (Plate XIX) fie, 19)... 0.0... cae ens 481

LXIU. Descriptions of new Species of Snakes in the Collection of

the British Museum. By G. A. Boutenesr, F.R.S. ............ 482

LXIII. On the Spiny Mice of British East Africa, with a Descrip-

tion of a new Species from Magadi. By Guy Doti~man ........ 485

LXIV. Two new Pigmy Gerbils from British East Africa. By

Guy Dotitman

LXV. On a new Anomalurus from the Cameroons. By Guy

DoLiMAN,

LXVI. Descriptions of new Species of Cyphogastra ( oe

Buprestidae). By Cuas. O. WatEernovtss, LS.0., F.E.S

ab.

LXVII. A new Crab of the Genus Calappa from West Africa.

LA ee ee A ee 493

Proceedings of the Geological Society .........cccececeeeeeees 494

OP as ese oes @orreerereerrnes

sGeCoe@creesstevrr cet aervrevuacreene 496

y at

“yi

PLATES IN VOL. XIV.

Puatr I. Species of Rhegaster and Poranisca,

II. Mollusea from Japan.

EL.

1 Wing-enntion in the Dermaptera.

VI. Skull of Pleurosaurus goldfussi.

ie Cretaceous and Tertiary Cirripedes.

IX. Porcellio immsi.

XI. Oriental Nycteribiide.

XII

XII. Lamellicorn beetles of the subfamily Dynastine.

XIV. Charagia hampsoni, dg 9.

XV. New species of Histeride.

XVI. Valves etc. of Annelida Polycheta.~

xXVU.

XVIII.

XIX. New Mollusca from New Caledonia, Japan, ete.

Octopetalum guttere.

ERRATUM.

Page 258, line 39, for nigrifrons read rugifrons.

THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[EIGHTH SERIES. }

ee rend daspatatsassae per litora spargite muscum,

Naiades, et circiim vitreos considite fontes:

Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores:

Floribus et pictum, diye, replete canistrum.

At vos, o Nymphe Craterides, ite sub undas ;

Ite, recurvato variata corallia trunco

Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas

Ferte, Dez pelagi, et pingui conchylia succo.”

N. Parthenii Giannettasi, Ecl, 1,

No. 79. JULY 1914.

I.—Descriptions and Records of Bees.—LX.

By T. D. A. Cockrretx, University of Colorado.

Lithurgus guamensis, sp. 1.

?.—Length 13-144 mm.

Very close to L. albofimbriatus, Sich. (Tahiti), and Z. atra-

tiformis, Ckll. (Australia), but differing in various small

characters. Vertical supraclypeal ridge not reaching lower

margin of supraclypeal area, but leaving a punctured region

between end of ridge and top of clypeus (no such punctured

region in albofimbriatus) ; hair of cheeks and anterior coxze

fulvous ; front and occiput with erect black or dark fuscous

hair; hair of pleura black ; scutellum not or barely de-

ilies in middle ; first recurrent nervure joining second

s.m.; marginal nervure of hind wing not bent or angular

near origin (in albofimbriatus it is bent or even slightly

appendiculate) ; white abdominal bands as broad as in

L. atratiformis ; hair at apex of abdomen entirely black ;

sides of abdominal dorsum more strongly punctured than in

albofimbriatus, herein like atratiformis.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 1

2 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

Hab. Island of Guam, 3 2? (D. T. Fullaway). US.

National Museum.

This is really nearer to the Australian than to the Tahitian

insect.

Megachile fullawayi, sp. ».

? —Length 9-10} mm.

Black, with white hair and entire white abdominal bands ;

vertex and dise of mesothorax, and scutellum more or less,

with dark fuscous hair ; ventral scopa mainly bright ferru-

ginous, but broadly white basally, and black on apical part

of last segment. Exactly like M. palmarum, Perk., from the

Hawaiian Is., except that the clypeus has a smooth shining

band down the middle (wanting in palmarum) ; the meso-

thorax has short pale appressed hair anteriorly and poste-

riorly ; the tegule are more or less reddish, at least on

margin; the ventral scopa is white basally ; and there is

black hair at sides of abdominal segments 4 to 6.

6 .—Length about 8 mm.

Like palmarum, but very easily separated by the apical

transverse keel of abdomen (sixth segment), which is slightly

depressed in middle, with about five little sharp teeth

(broadly, deeply, semicircularly incised in palmarum).

Tegule rather light reddish; mesothorax with appressed

ochraceous hair, broadly in front, narrowly behind ; middle

of third and fourth ventral segments of abdomen each with

a marginal patch of orange-fulvous hair, quite separate from

the white hair-bands.

Hab. Island of Guam, 2 2,1 ¢ (D. T. Fullaway). US.

National Museum.

Easily known from M. hedleyi, Rainbow (Funafuti) by

the hyaline (faintly dusky) wings and white abdominal

bands. The male is the type.

Halictus saffordi, sp. n.

? .—Length 7-8 mm.

Robust, with very little hair on head and body; head

broad; clypeus sparsely but distinctly punctured, bluish

green, suffused by dark purplish toward lower margin ;

mandibles with a bright ferruginous subapical patch ; supra-

clypeal area convex, purple-black, sparsely punctured ; sides

of face blackish; front dull purplish, shining at sides ;

cheeks olive-green above, suffused with crimson below;

flagellum rather long and slender, dull red beneath except

at base; mesothorax and scutellum shining violet (varying

Records of Bees. 3

to yellowish green suffused with violet), with extremely fine

punctures ; tubercles reddish, with a dense fringe of pale

hair ; pleura green suffused with red, but there is a violet

area just below the wings; metathorax green, mostly dull,

but brilliantly shining at sides above ; area of metathorax,

except apically, quite dull, and covered with fine but very

distinct radiating ruge; tegule dark reddish. Wings

dusky; nervures and stigma dark rufo-fuscous ; outer r.n.

and t.-c. much weakened; first r.n. joining second s.m,

some distance before end; third s.m. short, smaller than

second. Legs dark reddish; middle femora with a large

tuft of orange hair at base beneath; hind femora strongly

arcuate, with a curled scopa on underside ; hind spur with

four stout teeth, the two basal ones long. Abdomen broad,

shining, scarcely punctured, not banded, dark green, suffused

with violet at sides (or very little so) ; the second segment

may have a subbasal band of reddish colour; venter with an

abundant light reddish curled scopa.

Microscopical characters :—Front longitudinally lineolate

and minutely corrugated; vertex transversely lineolate ;

mesothorax very delicately tessellate between the punctures ;

tegulz anteriorly with very few piliferous punctures ; area

of metathorax with about 26 rugze, between which it is trans~

_ versely striated basally, but the golden-tinted apical part

beyond the ruge is minutely caucellate ; abdomen very

finely transversely lineolate.

Hab. Island of Guam, 3 2? (D. T. Fullaway). U.S.

National Museum.

Very close to H. perpessicius, Kohl, from Samoa, but the

hind femora are strongly arched beneath, without a secondary

subapical swelling. ‘The colour also seems rather different.

I have never seen H. perpessicius, and have depended on

Kohl’s description and figures. ‘The new species is named

after W. E. Safford, who has published a most excellent

account of Guam.

It is singular that the above three species from Guam are

all very closely related to other species of the Pacific islands,

yet distinguishable. How did they reach the island? Could

they have been brought with plants by the early settlers

before the historic period ? How much time is necessary to

bring about the modification observed? Analogous questions

are raised with respect to the mammals of the Andaman and

Nicobar Islands by G. S. Miller in Proc. U.S. National

Museum, xxiy. p. 791.

4 Mr. 'T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

Prosopis guamensis, sp. 0.

? .—Length about 74 mm.

Robust ; head and thorax black ; tubercles, scutellum, and

postscutellum yellow (turned red by cyanide in the material

before me) ; upper border of prothorax with a small yellow

mark on each side; face-marks reduced to a very obscure

narrow band along each inner orbit ; head broad and massive ;

mandibles thick, bidentate at end; clypeus very high, irre-

gularly roughened with striz avd punctures; flagellum dark

reddish beneath; front shining, with large punctures, those

in the middle crowded, but on each side is a depression with

scattered very large punctures; cheeks with rather small

punctures ; mesothorax shining, rather sparsely but strongly

punctured, the longitudinal grooves distinct ; area of meta-

thorax crescentic, well defined, shining, with distinct ridges ;

sides of metathorax with white tomentum ; tegule black.

Wings clear, with dark fuscous nervures and stigma ; first

r.n. meeting first t.-c.; second s.m. very long ; second r.n.

with a strong double curve. Legs black, the hind femora

reddish. Abdomen shining, dark green, finely subobsoletely

punctured, second segment blackened basally.

3$ .—(Head lacking in specimen studied.) Similar to the

female, but more slender; anterior tibiz and tarsi ferru-

ginous ; abdomen bluer and more distinctly punctured.

This was examined by Dr. R. C. L. Perkins, and bears the

following label in his handwriting :—‘ Belongs to group

with largely developed wings of seventh ventral segment

and bifurcate apex to eighth segment, the bifurcations ex-

panded, as in Prosopis cressoni ; see Metz’s paper, Tr. Am.

Soc. xxxvil. pl. iv. fig. 53 &c. This group is American,

Australian, and European, and probably cosmopolitan.”

The terminal lobes or divisions of the eighth ventral plate

are large and abundantly fringed with very long, coarse, dark

branched hairs. The sagittz are turned downward at the

end, the downward curve beginning about the level of the

ends of the stipites, which are furnished with long dark

hairs.

Hab. Island of Guam (D. T. Fullaway). U.S. National

-Museum.

Not at all related to the Hawaiian Prosopidide, but close

to some of the Australian forms, from which it is readily

known by the face-markings.

Records of Bees.

Paracolletes flavomaculatus, Cockerell.

A female from Kuranda (Dodd; Queens]. Mus. 86) has a

patch of light fulvous hair on each side of face.

Paracolletes ceruleotinctus, Cockerell.

Sunnybank, Brisbane, Nov. 19, 1913 (Hacker ; Queensl.

Mus. 90).

Paracolletes erythrurus, sp. 0

2 .—Length about 12 mm.

Head and thorax black, abdomen bright but not shining

ferruginous ; wings unusually short, strongly dusky ; head

large and broad ; hair of cheeks w hite, of sides of face white

with fulvous overlapping, of front and vertex pale fulvous ;

clypeus convex, pining, with irregularly scattered not very

large punctures, its lower margin red ; labrum and mandibles,

except apically, bright red ; scape long and curved, red at

extreme base ; flagellum dull red beneath, except basally ;

mesothorax dull, with small indistinct punctures; hair on

tubercles fulvous, on pleura creamy white, on thorax above

short aud thin, pale fulvous, more or less tipped with fuscous ;

area of metathorax dull; tegule dark red; stigma practi-

cally obsolete, nervures fuscous ; b.n. falling just short of

t.-m.; second s.m. of good size, receiving first r.n. about

or a little beyond middle ; third s.m. elengated, receiving

second r.n. a short distance before end. Legs black, with

the tarsi and anterior tibiz in front clear ferruginous, middle

tibize also reddened at end and in front; hair of legs pale,

fulvous on tibiz and tarsi; middle basitarsi broad, concave

beneath; hind tibial scopa stained with fuscous above,

especially basally. Abdomen dull red, without evident

punctures and without hair-bands except on fifth segment

(and to some extent at sides of fourth), where there is a

greyish-brown band; sides of second segment with a large

round black spot ; veuter with hair-bands, golden fulvous in

middle, white at sides.

¢ .—The convex subglobular labrum, mandibles (except

apical margin), and clypeus cream-colour; face and front

densely covered with bright golden-fulvous hair; scape

bright red; flagellum long, crenulate, and obscure red

beneath ; head and thorax above with bright fulvous hair ;

knees (hind ones very broadly), tibiz, and tarsi red, middle

tibize largely blackish on outer side ; apical abdominal seg-

6 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

ments without hair-bands; apical plate broadly rounded ;

venter with long white hair.

Hab. Yallingup, near Cape Naturaliste, S.W. Australia,

Sept. 14-Oct. 31, 1913 (R. #. Turner). British Museum.

Allied to P. bimaculatus, Sm., differing by the dark wings,

details of venation, &ce. There is a strong superficial

resemblance to P. fimbriatinus, Ckll., but that species differs

greatly in the structure and sculpture of the abdomen. The

female of P. erythrurus is the type.

All the bees of Turner’s recent collections which I have

received from the British Museum have been ascertained by

Mr. Meade-Waldo to be distinct from all the species in the

Museum, so that after | have compared them with my own

materials they have been compared with mest of the types

of Australian bees.

Paracolletes nigrocinctus, sp. 0.

6 .—Length 11-12 mm.

Head and thorax black; abdomen dull red, segments 1

to 5 having narrow subapical black bands, the margin beyond

subhyaline, and on segments 2 to 5 having a thin fringe of

short silvery-white hairs; middle of first segment wholly

black ; venter of abdomen dark, with light reddish (tegu-

mentary) bands ; clypeus, except the broad dark upper and

lateral margins, reddish-cream colour, this light area some-

times strongly trilobed; labrum pale, not swollen ; man-

dibles red; scape short, black; flagellum long, obscure

reddish beneath ; face, front, and cheeks with long pale

hair, distinctly fulvous-tinted over clypeus; occiput with

long fuscous hair; mesothorax and scutellum somewhat

shining, with rather sparse shallow punctures ; area of meta-

thorax shining but not polished, not transversely keeled ;

dises of mesothorax and scutellum with abundant long dark

fuscous hair, but pale greyish hair on thorax anteriorly,

between mesothorax and scutellum, and on metathorax ; a

large patch of fuscous hair just below tegule ; tegule dark

rufous. Wings dusky greyish, nervures and the small stigma

-fuscous; b.n. falling a little short of t.-m.; second s.m.

small, square, receiving first r.n. about middle ; third s.m.

long, receiving second r. n. some distance before end. Knees,

tibize, and tarsi red, the tibiz broadly suffused with black.

Abdomen feebly punctured on a dull ground ; first segment

with much white hair; apical plate rather small; sixth

ventral segment with a median erect tuft of pale hair.

Hab. Yallingup, near Cape Naturaliste, S.W. Australia,

Records of Bees. 7

Sept. 14-Oct. 31, 1913 (R. E. Turner). 4 28, British

Museum.

A very distinct species, known from all others by the

ornamentation of the abdomen. It is related in a general

way to P. bimaculatus and erythrurus.

Megachile abdominalis, Smith.

Brisbane, Sept. 12, 1913 (Hacker ; Queensl. Mus. 94).

Euryglossina microxantha, sp. ».

2 .—Length about 35 mm.

Light sulphur-yellow ; eyes olive-green; a black line on

each side extending from near outer side of lateral ocelli

downward near orbital margin to about level of front; an-

tenne placed very low down; mesothorax obscurely suffused

with pale reddish ; area of metathorax triangular, dark red-

brown, with a central triangular yellow mark. Wings

clear, stigma and nervures wholly pallid, light yellowish ;

b.n. falling far short of t.-m. ; first r.n. joining first s.m.

some distance from apex; lower side of first s.m. straight.

Abdomen broad, with five broad reddish-brown bands, which

end abruptly before the lateral margins ; venter entirely

yellow.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland, at flowers of Leplospermum,

October 1898 (Turner). British Museum.

Related to E. sulphurella, Ckll., but easily known by the

dark abdominal bands. It looks just like a smal]l and pallid

Euryglossa furcifera, Ckll., but that differs generically in the

venation, the first r.n. entering the second s.m., while the

second s.m. is much higher in proportion to its length.

Euryglossa brachycera, sp. n.

? —Length about 5 mm.

Light sulphur-yellow, slightly and variably suffused with

pale reddish, especially on the mesothorax; mandibles

reddened apically ; a black line on each side passes outward

from the lateral ocelli and, abruptly bending, descends

parallel with the orbit to about level of middle of front;

anteunze normal in position, but extremely short, the thick

and very short flagellum dusky above and light ferruginous

beneath ; transverse sutures of thorax above all narrowly

black ; area of mesothorax cup-shaped in outline, black,

with a large transverse yellow mark. Wings clear, nervures

and stigma entirely pallid, slightly yellowish ; lower side of

8 Mr. IT. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

first s.m. arched; first r.n. entering the high second s.m.

near base; stigma large. Abdomen broad, with dark brown

bands ; first segment with a median dark line and an oblique

band on each side of basal declivity, and also a broad band

along apical margin ; second to fourth segments with basal

and apical bands, the basal bands not reaching extreme base,

so that the apical band of one segment is separated from the

basal of the next by more or less of a yellow line; apex

suffused with reddish brown

Hab. Townsville, Queensland (F. P. Dodd, 5.1.03).

British Museum.

A very distinct species, not unlike EH. furcifera, but much

larger.

Halictus mirandus, sp. 0.

¢ .—Length about 10-10} mm.

Black, with the femora (anterior ones only apically), tibiz,

and tarsi bright chestnut-red; front and mesothorax ob-

scurely eeneous or greenish; head broad; clypeus shining,

strongly punctured; front granular; flagellum very dark

reddish beneath ; cheeks with white hair, face, front, and

vertex with black, but vertex, front, and sides of face also

with pale hair; dise of mesothorax brilliantly shining, with

scattered large and minute punctures; mesothorax and

scutellum with erect black hair, but pale hair on mesothorax

anteriorly and sides of scutellum ; ; postscutellum densel

tomentose anteriorly ; tubercles and pleura with pale fulvous-

tinted hair; area of metathorax large, finely granular,

obscurely minutely lineolate, bounded by a groove, imme-

diately beyond which isa ridge ; ; posterior truncation sharply

defined at sides; tegulz clear ferruginous. Wings dusky

reddish, quite str ongly coloured, stigma and uervures bright

ferrugimous ; second s.m. large; first r.n. meeting second

t.-c.; outer r.n. and t.-c. weakened. Legs with pale golden-

reddish hair; hind spur with two broad teeth. Abdomen

black (second segment obscurely greenish basally), shining,

very minutely punctured, with coarse black hair at sides and

on apical part ; segments 2 to 4 having near their latero-

hasal corners rather large, round, clearly defined patches of

dense snow-white tomentum ; first segment with a median

tubercle.

Hab. Yallingup, near Cape Naturaliste, S.W. Australia,

4 9, Sept. 14-Oct. 31, 1913 (KR: EH. Turner). British

Museum.

A beautiful, species, related to H. conspicuus, Sm. Mr.

Tecords of Bees. 9

Meade-Waldo has kindly compared it with Smith’s type of

conspicuus, and finds it certainly distinct. He finds that the

prominent keel-like tubercle on the first dorsal abdominal

segment of mirandus is wholly wanting in conspicuus, which

also has the postscutellum transversely striate and the venter

with a fulvous scopa. The scanty hair on abdominal venter

of mirandus is light fulvous on basal half, black on apical.

Andrena berberidis (Cockerell).

According to Mr. Viereck, this is identical with A. neu-

rona, Vier., from Seattle, Wash. A, neuwrona has never

been fully described, but in Viereck’s unpublished table of

Andrena it is said to have the process of labrum not emar-

ginate, whereas in berberidis it is very distinctly emarginate.

The two are, however, very much alike, and may represent

races of a single species.

On April 27, 1913, at flowers of Odostemon, at Boulder,

Colorado, Mrs. M. D. Ellis took what is evidently the male

of A. berberidis. On the same day, at the same flowers, she

also took the female. The male berderidis looks at first sight

like A. leptanthi, V. & C., which is the male of A. portere,

Ckll. It differs from /eptenthi in the much shorter clypeus ;

shorter malar space ; black hair behind upper end of eyes ;

angulation of the very broad cheeks lower (about level with

middle of eye) ; anterior part of mesothorax (except median

smooth line) dull and granular, not punctured; second s.m.

much narrower; apical plate of avdomen smaller. They

are certainly very closely allied.

Andrena ellisie, sp. n.

2 .—Length about 12 mm.

Rather slender, black (tibie, tarsi, and gaia all dark) ;

hair of head and thorax rather short and stiff, very pale, with

a greyish-ochreous tint ; legs with mostly whitish hair, but

light seal-brown on inner side of tarsi, the tuft on hind

knees pale reddish; abdomen without conspicuous hair,

except the bands and caudal fimbria ; the bands on bands

2 to 4 broad and white, very narrowly interrupted on 2, but

scarcely attenuated toward the interruption ; band on fifth

segment pale golden, fimbria light golden-ferruginous,

Head broader than long, eyes slightly diverging above ;

process of labrum broad, rather narrowly truncate (not

emarginate) apically ; malar space linear; cheeks rounded,

normal ; clypeus prominent, microscopically tessellate,

shining in middle, with rather close large punctures, and a

10 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

narrow elevated median line; facial foveze very pale ochrey,

rather narrow, separated from eye by a shining line, and

going a little below level of antennz ; third antennal joint

longer than the next two together, but not so long as the

next three; mescthorax dullish, somewhat shining, with

rather close punctures, weaker and smaller than those on

clypeus ; area of metathorax triangular, with no elevated

rim, more than its basal half quite coarsely roughened ;

tegule rufo-piceous. Wings dusky reddish, but not very

dark ; stigma and nervures light ferruginous; b.n. falling

some distance short of t.-m.; second s.m. ordinary, receiving

first r.n. in middle. Scopa of hind tibiz pale ochreous,

rather short and stiff; spurs pale ferruginous. Abdomen

shining, finely but not very densely punctured, the first

segment with scattered very minute punctures; second

segment depressed less than half, but rather over a third.

Hab. Boulder, Colorado, at flowers of Lepidium medium,

Greene, May 26, 1913 (M. D. Ellis).

In various tables this runs rather persistently to the

yicinity of A. arabis, Rob., but that is only 10 mm. long and

has a fuscous fimbria. In Viereck’s Connecticut table it

appears to run to A. hilaris, Sm., which is considerably

larger and more robust, with darker wings, and the eyes

converging above.

In the following key I record other species of Andrena ( ? )

taken by Mrs. Ellis at Boulder, and contrast them with

A. ellisie :— :

Hair at apex of abdomen black or nearly ........ :

Hair at apex of abdomen pale or reddish or greyish. 2.

1. Abdomen blue-black, very shiny (May 28-24, fls.

HIGdropliy lll FemAyese) wan ias «mo Via e eas 6 gerani, Rob,

Abdomen satiny green or blue (April 26, fls. Salix ;

May 11, fls. Taraxacum taravacum) ........ candida, Sm.

2. Tarsi clear red; flagellum red beneath (May 11,

fis. Salix and Taraxacum taraxacum; May 18,

fis. Bus trilobata) «02s snkh o> thee eRe ee en salicinella, Cll.

Basiatel daric. 22. i's «pe nce seo > eee ek re at 3.

3. Flagellum bright red at apex; abdomen strongly

punctured ; palpi very long and slender (May [ Rob.

B? fis. iola RUELAIAL) +» cuinmuanp ee See (Lomelissa) viola,

Flagellum not bright red at apex ............6. 4.

4, Abdomen greenish; thorax with dull purplish tints

above; stigma amber (Apri] 26, 28 at tls. Salix). allinoensis, Rob.

Otherwise, but all with amber stigma .......... 5.

. Abdomen, including first segment, very strongly

punctured (April 28, fls. Zaravacum taraxacum) bridwelli, CXll.

First abdominal segment feebly or not clearly punc-

Saree, -Eh See eres ce ees te teks Sear eee eRe 6,

ai Records of Bees. 11

6. Larger; clypeus strongly punctured and with a

Median raised line ......000ceeeesee cw eetes ellisia, Ckll.

Smaller; middle of clypeus shining and broadly [ Cresson.

impunctate (May 23, fis. apple)..........046- bipunctata,

The following are new records of Rocky Mountain

Andrena :—

Andrena apacheorum, Cockereil.—Females at flowers of

Erigeron macranthus, Estes Park, Colorado (Frances

Long) ; Rio Ruidoso, New Mexico, at Verbascum thap-

Sus, July 23, prox. 6900 ft. alt. (C. ET. Townsend).

A. prunorum, Cockerell.—This species is generally repre-

sented in Northern Colorado by forms referable to

variety or subspecies gillettei, Cockerell. A series

examined showed much variation, and were tabulated

as follows :—

NINO arte Pay ha elcid nas oy ae Sk wi BE Hie I

ORCS ALT i2 ge PAE ist aod d e-5 geo BS 2.

1. Scape red. (Boulder, July 14; Paul M.

Us hoe ie or ae ay Pete ae, Ae eae prunorum.

Scape black. (Boulder, July 14; Paul

jE CS 8 By eh eee eee prunorum gillettet.

2. Second abdominal segment red, except a

black mark on each side. (Colorado

Springs, Colorado, at Cymopterus

acaulis, April 19; W. P. Cockerell.) prunorum gillettei, form a.

Second abdominal segment black, with

PELVIC AST PEATE TE 8 ap woe ew ce a ad 3.

8. Hair of thorax above light fulvous; no

lateral face-marks. (Florissant, Colo-

rado, at Antennaria microphylla,

June 20; S. A. Rohwer.).........- prunorum gillettet, form b.

Hair of thorax above white; minute

lateral face-marks. (Boulder, at

Argemone, July 15; W.P. Cockerell.) prunorum gillettei, form e.

A. kwisii, Cockerell.—Female. Half Way (Pike’s Peak),

Colorado, at Rubus strigosus (Frances Long).

Colletes punctipennis, Cresson.

Described from the female, from Orizaba, Mexico. From

the British Museum I have what | suppose to be the male of

the same species, from Guatemala (!. Smith’s collection,

79. 22). Malar space short, more than twice as wide as

long; apical half of mandibles reddish ; labrum with a

broad and rather shallow central pit ; clypeus depressed ‘in

12 Descripticns and Records of Bees.

middle, with large elongate punctures ; flagellum ferruginous

beneath ; mesothorax shining, with large strong punctures ;

hair of head and thorax greyish white, a little black or dark

fuscous about ocelli and on disc of mesothorax, and much

on scutellum ; legs robust ; tegule rufo-piceous. Wings

hyaline, with a dark fuscous mark at the lower side of the

small stigma, a large triangular fuscous patch in apical field,

and both on anterior and posterior wings fuscous suffusion

along the veins approaching the margin; second s.m. very

broad. Abdomen shining, with narrow white hair-bands ;

first two segments strongly and coarsely punctured, third

less strongly, the others scarcely punctured ; apical region

with dark fusecous hair, and long coarse dark hair at sides

except basally.

I have no female punctipennis to compare, but the spotted

wings are so remarkable that it is probably safe to assume

the identity.

Anthophora cingulata (Fabr.) (gilberti, Cxll.).

Blackwall Range, April 25, 1911 (Wild; Queens]. Mus.

126).

Anthophora rhodoscymna, Cockerell.

? —Like the male, but much larger and more robust ;

length 16} mm.; width of abdomen a little over 7 mm.;

labrum and greater part of mandibles yellow; clypeus with

a reversed yellow T; no supraclypeal or lateral face-marks ;

tegument of abdomen above entirely bright ferruginous ;

wings strongly brownish.

Brisbane, Jan. 20, 1914 (Hacker ; Queensl. Mus. 125).

Anthophora luzonica, sp. n.

@ .—Length about 16 mm., width of abdomen 6}.

Robust, black; head and thorax with mouse-coloured

hair, being yellowish grey, strongly mixed with black above

and on upper part of pleura, thin and black on clypeus,

mainly black on front and face, but a band of prevailingly

light hair across lower part of front ; mandibles with nearly

all of basal half cream-colour, the very large labrum the

same, but stained with brownish, with the apical and basal

margins narrowly, and spots at basal corners, piceous ;

clypeus densely punctured, with a narrow raised median line

(failing above) and submarginal apical band, expanding at

each lateral corner to a large patch, pale yellow ; a pale

On some Genera and Species of Starfishes. 13

yellow stripe on each side next to clypeus, and a small trian-

gular supraclypeal mark ; scape black, flagellum obscurely

subcastaneous beneath ; third antennal joint as long as next

three combined ; mesothorax and scutellum finely and closely

punctured ; tegule red. Wings reddish fuliginous. Legs

black, tinged with reddish; outer side of tibiz and tarsi

mainly with pale fulvous hair, but anterior tarsi with hair

more fuscous, hind basitarsi with fuscous hair apically ; hair

on inner side of hind tibiz and tarsi black ; spurs piceous.

Abdomen black, with short inconspicuous black hair, and

conspicuous but very narrow white hair-bands on apices of

segments ] to 4; first segment with fulvous hair at base ;

fifth segment with apical band very dark fuscous, but ex-

treme sides of basal half with pale hair.

Hab. Mt. Makiling, Luzon (C. F. Baker, 2554).

Quite distinct from all previously known Philippine

species. In Bingham’s table of Indian species it falls next

to A. confusa, Sm., which it resembles, differing in the colour

of the hair on the legs. The marginal cell of A. luzonica is

longer than usual, and the b.n. falls some distance short

of t.-m.

Apis binghami sladeni, subsp. n.

Worker, with hair of thorax entirely rufo-fulvous ; basal

bands of abdomen inconspicuous,

Hab. Kiasia Hills, India (Sladen).

True Apis binghami, Ckll., is from Celebes and the Philip-

pines. One from the Philippines (Baker, 2553, marked

“ Bho”) has the mesothorax covered with black hair and

the light band at base of second abdominal segment very

broad and distinct.

Il.—Revision of some Genera and Species of Starfishes,

with Descriptions of a few new Genera. By A. E.

VERRILL.

[Plate I.] |

Family Asteriide.

The genus Leptasterias (type, L. miiller’), established by

me, 1866 (Proc. Boston Soc. N. H. vol. x. p. 350), has been

adopted by some writers either as a full genus (Perrier and

others) or as a subgenus (Sladen, 1889) ; others have often

14 Mr. A. E. Verrill on some

refused to give it recognition. One peculiar feature of the

genus is the fact that the eggs and young are carried attached

in clusters to the oral region until the young become genuine

little starfishes, furnished with sucker-feet and able to care

for themselves, thus skipping the remarkable free-swimming

larval stages of Asterias.

This has been observed in the case of many species, among

them L. miller’, L. compta, L. littoralis, L. epichlora (Br.)

of Alaska and its six-rayed variety (alaskensis, Verrill), and

others.

I have recently observed that in all these species the

genital openings are on the under side near the mouth,

instead of being on the upper interradial area, as in typical

Asterias and most other northern genera. The eggs are also

larger, with more yolk, and the ovarian lobes have a different

form.

These additional characters ought to satisfy everyone that

the genus is very distinct from Asterzas, though the external

characters are often very much alike.

Leptasierias hyberborea (Daniels. & Koren), 1884, p. 10,

pl. iii. figs. 1-7 (as Astertas)—This fine Arctic species has

not hitherto been definitely recorded. from America. I

dredged several good specimens near Hastport, Maine, as

long ago as 1864, and others in later years. The largest

were about eight inches in diameter; most were about six

inches. It has regularly tapered, stout, terete rays, with a

firm dorsal skeleton, due to thick plates and few papular

pores ; spines are numerous, subequal, obtuse, not slender.

Other species belonging to this genus are L. @qualis (St.)

and L. heractis (St.) of the N. Pacific coast; L. grénlandica

(Arctic) ; Z. fascicularis (Per.), W. Indies; and many

others.

The same habit of carrying the eggs and young is shared

by certain Antarctic genera of this family, otherwise very

different. ‘l'o express this feature I have adopted the term

pedophoric habit. It appears to be always associated with

ventral genital pores.

Podasterias (Perrier, 1896, emended). Type, P. litkeni,

Per., non Stimpson.—This is another peedophoric genus, with

several Antarctic species. It has ventral genital pores, and

carries its young in large clusters. It is diplacanthid and in

general structure much like Asterzas.

Fisher (1908, p. 89) was mistaken in making it a synonym

of Pisaster, for the latter is monacanthid and, so far as

known, is not pedophoric. Therefore the name liitkeni holds

Genera and Species of Starfishes. 15

good in this genus. P. steinentd (Studer), P. loveni (Per.),

and P. spinosa, Per., are other Antarctic species.

Pedasterias, Verrill. Type, P. chirophora, Ludwig, 1903,

p. 43, pls. v.-vii—This is another remarkable pdophoric

genus from Antarctic waters. It is monacanthid with de-

generate skeletal plates, covered with a thick dermis and

bearing large felipedal pedicellariz. It carries its young in

large groups, like miniature clusters of grapes. ‘These have

been well described by Ludwig.

Sporasterias, Perrier, 1896. Type, S. rugispina, St—

This is a monacanthid pedophorie genus, with a reticulated

dorsal skeleton not covered by a thick dermis. ‘lhe species

are Antarctic. Besides the type, it includes S. rupicola,

Verrill; S. antarctica (Liitk.) ; S. perriert (Smith), 6-rayed ;

and various nominal species, mostly referable to S. antarctica.

Anasterias, Perrier (type, A. minuta, Per., 1875). Lysa-

sterias, Fisher (1908, p. 88).

This genus includes several pzedophoric, monacanthid,

Antarctic species, with a partially abortive dorsal skeleton,

covered with a thick dermis. Besides the type, which was

very young, it includes A. studeri(Per.) ; A. verrillii (Bell) ;

A. lactea (Muud.) ; A. belgicw, Lud., 1903, p. 51; A. tenera

(Koehler, 1905); A. lysasteria, Verrill=A. perrier’, Stud.,

non Smith.

Cryptastertas, Vervill. Type, C. turqueti, Koehler (as

Diplasterias, 1905, p. 465).—This Antarctic genus has a

reticulated dorsal skeleton, entirely concealed by a_ thick

dermis, bearing papille enclosing rudimentary spines. It

is diplacanthid, and is thought to be pzedophorice.

Stichaster, Miiller & Troschel, 1840. Type, S. striatus,

M. & Tr., 1840 (non Asterias striatus, Lam.) = Asterias

aurantiaca, Meyen, 1534 (non Linn.).

This genus, when proposed, was monotypic and based on

the well-known Peruvian species usually called S. aurantiacus.

The latter name is not tenable, because preoccupied by

Linné, and thus striatus becomes the valid name. Stichaster

has priority over Tonia, Gray, 1840, applied to the same

type. Perrier (1894, p. 121, and 1896, p. 27) was in error

as to the restriction of the genus to the type of Asterias

rosea of Europe, which was not mentioned when the genus

was first established.

Therefore the latter requires a new generic name; for it

16 Mr. A. E. Verrill on some

I have proposed the name Stichastrella, with S. rosea as its

type.

Family Pedicellasteride.

Coronaster briareus, Verrill.

Asterias briareus, Verrill, Brief Cont. to Zool., No. 50, Amer. Journal

Science, vol. xxiii. p. 220 (1882) ; vol. xlix. p. 209 (1895).

This elegant species is a typical Coronaster. It usually

has ten or eleven slender rays. First taken off Cape Hatteras

and off Delaware Bay in 57 to 373 fathoms. It has since

been taken by the Expedition from Iowa University, off

Florida, in 75 to 110 fathoms.

Family Brisingide.

One of the most remarkable and interesting of the American

Antarctic and Patagonian starfishes is Labidiaster radiosus,

Liitken. It isa large starfish with a small disk and twenty

to forty-six rays. The rays increase by budding in between

the older ones.

To this genus Sladen added (1889) another Antarctic

species (L. annulatus). This, however, differs so much from

LL. radiosus that it should be separated as a distinct genus,

for which I propose the name Labidiastrella, with L. annu-

lata (SI.) as the type. It has the dorsal and superomarginal

plates nearly abortive distally beyond the genital region.

Labidiastrella annulata (Sladen) has forty to forty-five

long slender rays. It occurred in 75 to 150 fathoms, off

Kerguelen I. and off Heard Island.

Family Acanthasteride.

Acanthaster planct (Linn.).

Asterias planci, Linné, Syst. Nat. ed. x., Appendix, 1758, p. 823.

Quotes Columna, Phytobasamus, pl. xxxvil. fig, A. (This isa

characteristic figure of a fifteen-rayed species from Goa, Asia.)

This long-known large species, widely distributed in the

Indo-Pacific Ocean, is generally called A. echinites (Lam.)

or A. echinus (Ellis). The name planci has clearly the

priority, and should be adopted.

* ‘Monograph Shallow-water Starfishes North Pacific Coast,’ Smith-

sonian Inst. pp. 40, 874 (May 1914).

Genera and Species of Starfishes. 17

Family Poraniide.

Rhegaster, Sladen, 1883, p. 155. Type, R. murray

(Sladen).

This generic name has priority over Lasiaster, Slad., 1889,

and Poraniomorpha (type P. rosea, Daniels. & Koren, 1884),

even if they are all the same genus, as stated by Grieg

(1906), and by Sussbach and Breckner (1910, p. 219). Yet

the authors last named adopt Las¢aster as the name of the

genus. The type of the latter was L. vil/osus, Slad., 1889.

These authors consider villosus, rosea, and murray? synonyms

of Goniaster hispidus, Sars, 1871, and adopt the latter

specific name,

With “ZL. hispidus”’ they also unite the two American

species—Rhegaster spinulosus, Verrill, 1879, as Porania ;

and R. borealis, Verrill, 1878, as Asterina. Both were later

(1895) referred by me to Poraniomorpha, because recognized

as closely related to the type, P. rosea, Daniels. & Koren.

However, there is no evidence that the two American forms

belong to one species, whether either be identical with that

of Northern Europe or not. Indeed, they are very distinct

in the character and arrangement of their dorsal spinules

and plates, and still more so as to the interactinal spines and

plates.

Rhegaster borealis, Verrill, 1878 (in part., 1895, p. 139).

CEI. FE fix. 1}

This has the entire dorsal surface and superomarginal plates

densely covered with uniform, minute, obtuse, erect, miliary

spinules, each terminated by a circle of microscopic points,

giving the surface a plush-like appearance to the naked eye,

and without any visible outlines of plates. In this respect

it agrees well with R. murrayi, Sladen, which also has the

same sort of thorny-tipped spinules, and similar papular

pores and adambulacral spines.

Yet the under surface is quite different, for in R. borealis

the interactinal plates are clearly defined, and each one bears

a conspicuous group of acute, elongated, erect, and divergent

spinelets, much longer than the dorsal ones, about six to ten

on a plate. The plates are large, convex, imbricated in four

rows parallel to the marginals. The inferomarginal plates

are large, terminated by a crowded group of twenty to thirty

spinelets, similar to the interactinal ones. As to the under

side it is, therefore, more like Lasiaster villosus, but yet quite

different in its spinulation, and cannot be considered the

same species,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 2

18 Mr. A. E. Verrill on some

It differs more from &. murray? in respect to the under

surface, which, in the latter, is uniformly covered with small

miliary spinelets. Probably P. rosea, Daniels. & Koren,

may be identical with A. murrayi, for it agrees closely in

spinulation on both sides, but its identity with G. hispidus,

Sars, seems to me very questionable. The latter is more like

Lasiaster villosus, Sladen, in having large superomarginal

plates, spinules segregated on the dorsal plates, &c. ‘These

characters can hardly be considered as generic, and therefore

it seems that all these forms should be referred to Rhegaster,

as the earliest genus established for any of them. Thus

LR. hispidus would be the earliest species, with A. villosus a

probable synonym, while &. borealis, Verrill (1878), and

LR. spinulosus, Verrill (1879), would be the next two in

order. ‘hus, either one of these two names would supersede

R. murrayi or FR. roseus, should either prove to be identical

with the Jatter. In my article of 1895, the descriptive notes

added under Jorealis should have been put under spinulosus.

Rhegaster spinulosus, Verrill. (PI. I. fig. 2.)

Porania spinulosa, Verrill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. ii. p. 202 (1879).

Poraniomorpha spinulosa, Verrill, Expl. by the ‘ Albatross,’ p. 542

(1885); Amer. Journ. Sci. vol. xlix. p. 139 (1895).

This is a larger species, ranging from north of Cape Cod

to Cape Hatteras in 80 to 640 fathoms. It sometimes has a

radius of 80 mm. -

This differs from &. borealis especially in having large

flat interactinal plates *, covered with minute miliary spinules

or granules, except at the outer end, where there are often

two or three small, appressed, acute spinules ina row. The

inferomarginal plates have about ten to twelve small marginal

spinules in about two rows ; the upper surface is closely

covered with erect miliary spinules, as in allied species, and

the papular pores are numerous, in clusters, over the whole

dorsal surface and between the marginal rows of plates.

Marginaster, Perrier, 1881 ; 1884 (pars). Type, M. pecti-

matus, Per.—This genus, when established, included the

young of two generic types: Sladen, 1889, designated the

first as the type ; the secund (M/. echinulatus) differs, among

other ways, in having a regular furrow-comb on the adambu-

lacral plates, as in Rhegaster, but the dorsal plates are invisible

and have sparse spines, unlike the latter. J/. pectinatus is very

* The term “interactinal plates” is used in place of “ intermediate

actinals ” for the sake of brevity.

Genera and Species of Starfishes. 19

young, and probably it is simply the young of Porania or

some similar genus. Other similar young forms have since

been added to the genus by Sladen, Perrier, and others, none

of which can, as yet, be united with adult forms.

Poranisca, Verrill, gen.nov. Type, P. lepidus, Ver.—This

name is proposed, as a matter of convenience, for another group

of small young forms, belonging to this family, until they

can be connected with adults. The type is from off the

eastern coast of the United States, in 77 fathoms, No, 18,485,

Nat. Mus. The dorsal surface, when dry, is covered with

relatively large plates, imbricated by thin edges, The basal

interradial and radial plates are larger and conspicuous, and

bear one or two small spinules near the adcentral margin,

and sometimes several other small spinules. Superomarginal

plates are similar, large, usually with one or two spinuies,

sometimes none. ‘I'wo definite rows of plates run from each

basal interradial to the two interradial marginal plates.

‘These, like the intermediate dorsals, may bear a few granules

or spinules and, in life, are covered with a thin dermis that

conceals their outlines. Papule stand singly between the

radial plates and also between the marginal rows. Radii of

the type 455 mm. and 8 mm.

Interomarginals are larger, thickened, and havea marginal

comb or fringe of slender spines, and (in the type) granule-

like spinules clustered on the upper surface. These plates

project beyond the upper ones. Interactinal plates are rather

large and few, not concealed by dermis when dry, but hidden

in alcoholic specimens. They form rows parallel with the

marginals, the largest row being nearest the latter, with a

larger unpaired plate in the middle, bearing in the type a

single small spine. Other plates may. also bear solitary

spines. ‘The other rows are shorter, with all the plates

paired. Adambulacral plates have, in the type, two spines,

one above the other. In some alcoholic specimens the whole

surface, above and below, is covered with a soft dermis,

obscuring or concealing the plates. Very young specimens,

6 mm. to 10 mm. in diameter, are more spinulose dorsally,

otherwise similar. In life its colour is dark red. (PI. I.

fig. 3.)

To this provisional genus may also be referred P. pymea,

Verrill (Amer. Journ. Sci. vol. xvi. p. 372, 1878, as

Asterina pygmea).

Poraniel/a, Verrill, gen, nov. Type, P. regularis, Ver.,

sp. nov.—This name is proposed for a small flat starfish with

Q¥

20 M.A. E. Verrill on some

shoit rays, not uncommon in the Gulf of Mexico in 25-169

fathoms off W. Florida (coll. ‘Albatross’; type is No. 10,190,

Nat. Mus., 67 fathoms).

It is of special interest as a genus more or less connecting

this family and the Asterinide. Indeed, it would probably

be just as well placed in the latter. It has the form and

nearly the plating of Asterinides.

All the genera of this family discussed above have the

ventral or interactinal plates arranged either in rows sensibly

parallel to the marginal plates or else in oblique rows from

marginals to adambulacrals, the two methods being much

alike. In Poraniella, as in Asterinide generally, they form

chevrons or rows parallel to the adambulacrals, the largest

plates or longest row being next the latter. This shows a

very different mode of erow th of the plates.

In Poraniella there is an unpaired median plate in each

chevron, except the first. All these plates are rounded and

imbricated in alternation. They are not entirely concealed

by thick dermis in dry specimens, and each usually bears one

to several small distal spinules in a fan.

Inferomarginal plates are large, oblong, prominent, with a

terminal comb of slender webbed spines, "four or five in the

type, and a iow of smaller acute spinules on the upper side.

The superomarginals are relatively large, rounded, and have

one or two, rarely three, small spinules on the most convex

part.

Dorsal plates are nearly flat, imbricated in radial rows,

with rounded edges exposed, much as in Asterina. They

mostly bear two to five small sharp spinules at or near the edge.

The median row is distinct and towards the disk its plates

become compressed and sunken, with a row of papular pores

each side of it; the basal plate is larger, as are the basal

interradials. Papular pores stand singly between five radial

rows of plates. Adambulacral plates have a regular furrow-

comb of three webbed spines, and two or three larger diver-

gent spines on the actinal face, in a transverse row. The

dermis, in alcoholic specimens, conceals most of the plates.

Radii of the type, 7 mm. and 12 mm. In life it was bright

red.

Poraniella echinulata (Perrier, 1881) ; 1884; 1894, p. 169,

fuller description (as Marginaster).—This West Indian

species should also be referred to Poraniella.

Porania? austera, Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. vol. x

p. 221 (1899, as Marginaster)—This does not belong to

Marginaster, but is probably a young Porania. ‘The dorsal

Genera and Species of Starfishes. 21

plates are entirely concealed by thick dermis, even in dry

specimens, The plates are irregular in size and form, and

bear small, rough, spaced spinules, in irregular small rows or

curved lines.

Interactinal plates are visible through the dermis, when

dry ; they form forked columns, running from the marginals

to the adambulacrals—a few of them bear a single, small,

central spine, rarely two. It is from the West Indies in

deep water.

Culcitopsis, Verrill, gen. nov. Type, C. borealis, Sussb.

& Breckner, Seeigel, Seesterne, und Schlangensterne der

Nord- und Ostsee, p. 217, pl. i. figs. 4-6 (1910) (as Culcita).

This singular startish does not seem to me to be a Culeita,

nor a member of the same family, but rather one of the

Poraniide, related to Tylaster and to Chondraster, Verrill,

1895—only in this the reduction of the skeleton has gone

farther, and the margin has thus become swollen and puffy.

‘he numerous interactinal grooves are like those of Chon-

draster, and the papule are grouped as in Poraniomorpha.

Family Astropectinide.

Sideriaster (?) vestitus (Say).

Asterias vestita, Say, Journ. Philad. Acad. vol. v. p. 143 (1825).

This large and peculiar species, described by Say eighty-

eight years ago, and said to have been found at Cape May,

N. Jersey, has not been seen by any later writer. ‘he

original specimen has, apparently, been lost. It has, in more

recent times, been referred to Astropecten by Liitken, 1859,

and all subsequent writers. However, the original description

does not indicate that it is a true Astropecten.

Say stated that it has a large disk; that the entire upper

surface is covered with large cylindrical paxille (indicating

small superomarginal plates) ; that the marginal plates have

four appressed spines in a line; that it was one {oot and

three inches in diameter; and that it has a large madreporic

late.

All these characters correspond with those of Sideriaster,

Verrill (1899), but not with Astropecten. The genus Sideri-

aster lias small spineless superomarginal plates, confined to

the lateral surface of the ray, and four appressed spines in a

row on the larger inferomarginal plates. Its disk is broad ;

size large ; madreporic plate very large. Its type, S. grandis,

Ver., from 68 fathoms, in the Gulf of Mexico, does not agree

sufficiently well to be identified as the same species, but it

22 Mr. B. F. Cummings on the Head and

seems almost certain that it is congeneric. When more

specimens can be obtained it may prove to be the same

species. Only one specimen is known.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.

Fiy. 1. Rhegaster borealis, Ver. Type. a, dorsal side ; }, actinal side of

the same. X 2; (0).

Fig. 2. Rhegaster spinulosus, Ver. Type. { nat. size.

Fig. 8. Poranisca lepidus, Ver. Types. a, one of the larger specimens ;

b, c, d, three small ones. xX 1}.

II].—Note on the Characters of the Hecd and Mouth-parts

in the Genera Plectrotarsus and Aithaloptera (Trichoptera).

By Bruce F. Cummines, British Museum (Natural

History).

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

For being able to present an account of the head and mouth-

trophi of these two remarkable genera of Trichoptera 1 am

indebted first of all to Dr. Georg Ulmer, of Hamburg, who

generously sent me spiit-material of dihaloplera, and,

secondly, to Mr. James A. Kershaw, Acting Director of the

National Museum, Melbourne, who kindly gave me several

specimens (dry) of Plectrotarsus gravenhorstit, Kol.

The Head of AXthaloptera dispar, Brauer

(Family Hydropsychide).

The first species of Mthaloptera was made known by

Kolenati in 1859 under the name Setodes sexpunctata (an East-

Indian insect) (1). One of the essential characters of the

genus Sefodes is given as “ palporam maxillarium articulo

basali brevissimo,” so that when, in 1875, Brauer, in de-

scribing asecond species—the one at present under considera-

tion (from W. Africa) (2),—observed the complete absence

of palpi (maxillary and labial), he decided, on this and other

grounds, to found a new genus (Aithaloptera). In subse-

quent descriptions of other species of this genus I have been

unable to find any detailed reference to the mouth-trophi,

with the exception of the general statement ‘“‘ Mundteile feh-

lend,” made by Ulmer in 1907 (3).

But, as will be seen from the illustrations given below,

Mouth-parts in Plectrotarsus and Aithaloptera. 23

mouth-parts, including labrum and mandibles, are present in

at least one species of thaloptera, though the precise homo-

logies of some of the parts are problematical and of great

interest.

R. Lucas (4) gave a very careful account of the mouth-

parts of the Limnophilid, Anabolia furcata, McLachlan

(=A. levis, Zetterstedt), in which he describes a labrum, a

pair of first maxilla with palpi and only a single pair of

lobes, a large median fleshy haustellum, and a labium with

palpi but no lobes. No mandibles were found. Lucas’s

description holds good for the Limnophilide, which prove

to be the only family of Trichoptera in which mandibles are

absent. Genthe (5), in 1897, demonstrated the presence of

mandibles in Hydropsyche and Neuriclepsis, tnough he was

mistaken in supposing that these two genera possess “ kein

eigentliches Haustellum.” IL have found the haustellum

present in every family of the Trichoptera. It is absent, so

far as | have discovered, in only one genus—Dipseudopsis—

of the family Polycentropide. Mandibles exist in all the

families as well, if not in every genus (with the exception of

the Limnophilide) ; in some they are large and probably

functional, e. g., in Rhyacophila and Hydropsyche.

In Athaloptera dispar the head and mouth-parts are as

follows :—

Head.—This is rather deep, but short fore and aft. The

Fig. 1.

Epicranial area of head of Athaloptera dispar (enlarged).

E, eye; EP, epicranial plate; MP, median plate.

two pillars or endosternites of the tentorium, which run

across the head from the base of the occipital foramen to

24 Mr. B. F. Cummings on the Head and

their place of insertion into the front of the head one on each

side of the clypeus, are correspondingly short, very broad,

and plate-like. Fig. 1 shows the top or epicranial area of

Fig. 2.

a. Head of £thaloptera dispar (seen from in front), Enlarged, semi

diagrammatic.

b. Lobe, highly magnified.

Cl, clypeus; E,eye; G,gena; M, mandible ; Z, labrum ; H, haustellum ;

Lb, lobe; SZ, semicircular “ ledge.”

the head. The clypeus in the front of the head bulges out-

wards and is very convex. It is distinctly marked off from

Mouth-parts in Plectrotarsus and Aithaloptera. 25

the rest of the head, which is the case in all the IHydro-

psychidee and allied families.

Antenne.—Extremely long ani slender. Basal joints

stouter than the rest.

Mouth-parts.—These are not easy to see without special

preparation, being situated in a small hexagonal area beneath

the lower margin of the long clypeus. They are small and

insignificant (fig. 2). They consist of :—

(1) Labrum.—This is roughly triangular, and, like the

rest of the parts, thinly chitinized.

(2) Mandibles—Of an extraordinary character. Hach

consists of a large basal part, which suddenly narrows, to

end in a very long, thin, somewhat irregularly shaped splint-

like piece of chitin, the extreme tip being sharply pointed

and more firmly chitinized than the rest of the mandible or

any other of the appendages. No condyles are present and

there is no true articulation, as the mandible grows out from

the angle on one side of the labrum, and shows no trace of a

joint or suture between it and the head. There are two

elongate hairs on the basal part of the mandible.

The rest of the mouth-parts consist of :—

(3) A median elongate lobe, with

(4) two small lobes on either side of it, and

(5) two broad flat lobes or semicircular “‘ ledges,” forming

a kind of lower lip.

The median lobe [ regard as the haustellum, and the two

lateral lobes are almost certainly the lobes of the first pair of

maxillee. In all Trichoptera the first maxilla possesses only

a single lobe. The two ledges perhaps represent the labium.

Labial and maxillary palpi are completely absent. All these

parts are delicate and thinly chitinized, so that one is induced

to believe them to be the atrophied remnants of moutli-parts

now quite functionless.

The Head of Plectrotarsus gravenhorstii

(Family Sericostomatide).

Ulmer (6) has given an interesting note on this peculiar

Australian insect, in which he shows that the so-called

“proboscis”? stands in no relation with the lower lip, but is

‘sicherlich als Anhang oder Fortsatz des Labrum anzusehen.”’

Hagen (7), in 1881, had written that when the mouth-parts

of the Phryganeide are spoken of in general as short ones, “ it

must not be forgotten that there exist genera with a deve-

loped proboscis much longer than the head, and certainly fit

to enter flowers; the greatest development I know of among

26 Mr. B. F. Cummings on the Head and

the group occurs in P. gravenhorstii.” McLachlan (8)

remarks that the ‘Australian genus Plectrotarsus has the

parts of the mouth modified in an extraordinary manner,

forming a beak or rostrum....” How inadequate and

inaccurate the terms “ beak”? or “ rostrum” are will be seen

presently.

Head.—This is of a shape and character unusual in the

order. In Phryganea, for example, it is more or less in the

shape of a wedge, the base of the wedge being formed by the

epicranium and the mouth-parts running down and gradu-

ating in size to form the narrow end. In Phryganea, too,

Tentorium of Plectrotarsus gravenhorstit (sides and roof of skuil cut

away).

E, eye; O, occiput; CB, crossbar; DB, dorsal branch ;

GR, gular region,

and in most Trichoptera the whole of the gular region is

membranous or very thinly chitinized, so that the base of the

skull is incomplete beneath. On either side of this soft gular

region the gene extend downwards as two triangular flaps,

ee =e eee

Mouth-parts in Plectrotarsus and Aithaloptera. 27

the apex being ventral; but in Plectrotarsus (and in some

Hydrophilidee and in Chimarrha) the gular region is firmly

chitinized, the skull is therefore complete, and the triangular

flaps are absent. The shape of the skull of Plectrotarsus is

unusually long, broad, and flattened dorso-ventrally (fig. 5).

Tentorium (tig. 3).—This is strongly developed in corre-

lation with the size of the head. In structure it som what

recalls the tentorium of Phryganea, i. e., it consists of a cross-

bar at the occiput and two long endosternites running forward

from it to the clypeus. Hach of these gives off a branch

a. Mouth-parts of Plectrotarsus gravenhorstti (male), seen from in front.

Semi-diagrammatic, greatly enlarged.

b. Mandible. Highly magnified.

M, mandible; Lab, labrum ; Hyp, hypopharynx; MP, maxillary palpus;

MTZ, maxillary lobe; H, haustellum; ZP, labial palpus.

dorsally (asin Phryganea) to the roof of the skull. The two

long endosternites have developed broad wings for the

attachment of the antennary muscles.

Antenne.—The antenne are thick, about as long as the

fore wings, the basal joint about half as long as the head, a

little thicker than the succeeding joints.

28 Mr. B. F. Cummings on the Head and

Mouth-parts—The mouth-parts are merely an extreme

development of the type shown in Phryganea. Inthe Hydro-

psychide and Rhyacophilide and more generalized families

of the order the labrum is short, the mandibles powerful,

and well chitinized, and the haustellum broader than long,

delicate. In Phryganca and its allies the labrum is elongate,

the mandibles reduced to small, soft, nipple-like warts, and

the haustellum large, long, and fleshy.

Fig. 5.

Head of Plectrotarsus gravenhorstii (male). Side view, semi-

diagrammatic, greatly enlarged.

Ant., antenna; E,eye; C,cardo; S,stipes; Lab, labrum; MP, maxillary

palpus; D/L, maxillary lobe; LP, labial palpus; H, haustellum.

In Plectrotarsus (figs. 4 & 5) the parts consist of :—

(1) The labrum, which, beginning with a short basal area

of fairly firm chitin, is produced into a very long, narrow,

delicate organ. ‘This, according to Ulmer, is generally

carried raised above the hypopharynx and slightly curled up

at the tip—facts which suggest that it may be used as a kind

of accessory antenna.

(2) The mandibles (fig. 4b),

Mouth-parts in Plectrotarsus and Aithaloptera. — 29

(3) The hypopharyne, along narrow plate, covering the

sta k or peduncle of the haustellum.

(4) The first mavilla, The sides of the elongate peduncle

of the haustellum are held in by the cardo and stipes of the

first maxilla. The cardo is very long and articulates with

the base of the skull in a small niche or angle. The stipes is

a. Mouth-parts of Plectrotarsus gravenhorstit, to show internal structure

of the haustellum. Side view, diagrammatic.

b. Basal haustellar sclerite, seen from behind.

C, cardo; St, stipes; Hyp, hypopharynx; MP, maxillary palpus;

H, haustellum; ZP, labial palpus; S.P., semicircular piece;

B.H Sc, basal haustellar sclerite.

shorter and carries the 5-segmented palpus (in the g 3-seg-

mented) and the maxillary lobe. The third and fourth

segments of the palpus in the 2 each show at their distal

ends a circular impression, probably sensory areas, as they

are known to occur on the antenne of other insects. The

lobes are carried in an abnormal position. In shape long

30 On Plectrotarsus and Aithaloptera.

and rather narrow, instead of sloping transversely across the

upper surface of the haustellum, they accompany the

haustellum along its lateral margins, and are at first sight

apt to be overlooked as part of the haustellum.

(5) The haustellum. A long narrow organ decurved at the

tip. Along the whole length of the narrow dorsal surface

runs a double series of short, comparatively broad chitin

plates, arranged transversely and end to end (figs. 4 & 6).

Between these two series is a deep median furrow running

longitudinally. Tie upper surface of the haustellum is covered

with minute hairs. From the underside of the tip project

two small tubes with small hairs on them. I assume that

the salivary glands open at the tips of these tubes. In Phry-

ganea and others the salivary glands open in the same curious

position, @. e. on the lower surface of the haustellum. But in

these the opening is single, at the end of a large sausage~

like fold of the integument.

(6) The ldabéum. There are no labial lobes. Palpi

3-segmented.

Supporting Structures of the Haustellum.

In the more specialized groups of Trichoptera with well-

d:veloped haustellum the latter is supported by two semi-

circular chitinous sclerites which run one on each side dorso-

ventrally trom the base of the first maxilla down to the

ventral surface, where they end freely and do not meet each

other. Along the lower surface of the haustellum, situated

longitudinally, there are also present usually two basal

haustellar sclerites, longer than broad, flat, and sometimes

branched. In Plectrotarsus (fig. 6) both the semicircular

sclerites and the basal haustellar sclerites are present, but the

two latter are not separate pieces, but become fused at their

proximal ends just before bending downwards and then for-

wards to the labium. Moreover, they do not lie horizontally

as supporting rafters beneath the haustellum, but are inclined

at a steep angle within the haustellum.

References.

(1) Kovenati, P. ‘Genera et Species Trichopterorum.” Nouveaux

Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou,

tome xi. 1859, p. 266.

(2) Braver. Verh, zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. xxv. p. 71 (1875).

(3) Urmer, G. ‘Genera Insectorum (Wytsman), 1907, p. 156,

(4) Lucas, R. “ Beitraze zur Kenntniss der Mundwerkzeuge der Tricho-

ptera.” Archiy fiir Naturgeschichte, 1893, p. 286.

On Fishes from the Condoto River, Colombia, 31

(5) Gentur, K. “Die Mundwerkzeuge der Mikrolepidopteren.” Zool.

Jahrb. Syst. 1897-8, p. 372.

(6) Unmer, G. ‘“ Ueber einige Trichopteren mit riisselformigen Kopf-

Anhangen.” Zool. Anz. 1905, Bd. xxviii. p. 56.

(7) Hagen. ‘On the Proboscis of Nemognatha.” Proc. Boston Soe.

of Nat. Hist. 1881, xx. p. 4380.

(8) McLacutan, R. Trichoptera of the European Fauna, 1874-80,

p. 4. London.

(9) Cummines, B. F. “Apropos of the First Maxille in the Genus

Dipseudopsis.” Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xi. p. 809

(1913).

1V.—Fishes from the Condoto River, Colombia, collected by

Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell. By C. Tate Reean, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In 1913 (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xii. pp. 462-473) I

gave an account of the fishes of the San Juan River, based

chiefly on a collection made in the Condoto by Dr. H. G. F.

Spurrell. Three of the fifteen species then described as new

had been described by Eigenmann in a paper of prior date

(‘ Indiana Univ. Studies,’ 1913, no. 18) ; there can be little

doubt that

Xenurocharax spurrellii, Regan, = Argopleura chocoensis,

Eigenm.

Bryconemericus rubricauda, Regan, = B. ortholepis, Eigenm.

4 juanensis, Regan,=B. scopiferus, Eigenm.

The species that I described as Creagrutus leuciscus is the

one recorded by Eigenmann as C. affinis, Steind., in the

synonymy of which he places C. notropoides, Meek. Without

actual comparison with specimens from the Cauca and

Chagres Rivers I am unable to accept this identification.

In C. leuciscus the depth of the body is 3 to 34 in the length,

but in C. notropoides it is said to be 4. C. leuciscus has the

interorbital width } the length of head or more, but in

C. affinis it is described as less than 2.

Eigenmann has given the name Astyanax ruberrimus to

the species recorded by me as A. eneus, Giinth.

A second collection from the Condoto recently brought

home by Dr. Spurrell includes several additions to the fish-

fauna of the San Juan System.

32 On Fishes from the Condoto River, Colombia.

Characide.

1. Hoplias microlepis, Giinth.

Anostomide.

2. Leporinus striatus, Kner.

Sternarchide.

3. Sternarchus spurrelliz, sp. n.

Depth of body 7 to 8, length of head 6 to 63 in length to

end of anal fin. Width of head 24 to 3 in its length, depth

at occiput 12, length of snout 23 to 24, diameter of eye 12

to 15, interorbital width 5 to 5}. Cleft of mouth extending

to vertical from anterior margin of eye ; lower jaw included.

Vent below vertical limb of preoperculum. Anal 164-178;

origin below gill-opening. Pectoral 2 to 4 length of head.

13 to 15 series of scales above lateral line. Brownish; a

pale mid-dorsal stripe from snout to origin of dorsal filament.

Four specimens, the largest 180 mm. in total length.

4. Sternopygus macrurus, Schneid.

5. Hypopomus occidentalis, sp. n.

Depth of body 84 to 9, length of head 74 to 8 in length

to end of anal fin. Snout 34, diameter of eye 10, inter-

orbital width 54 in length of head. Lower jaw included.

Vent below middle of operculum. Anal 200-240; origin

below extremity of pectoral, or as far from gill-opening as

the latter is from eye. Pectoral a little more than 3 length

of head. Length of tail, beyond anal fin, 5 to 6 in total

length. Olivaceous, with numerous irregular, slightly

oblique, narrow, brownish cross-bands, breaking up into

spots below.

Six specimens, the largest, on which the above description

is principally based, 150 mm. in total length.

Loricariide.

6. Loricaria jubata, Bouleng.

7. Loricaria variegata, Steind.

On new Japanese Marine Mollusca. 33

Pomadasidea.

8. Pomadasys bayanus, Jord. & Everm.

Mugilide.

9. Agonostomus nasutus, Giinth.

Gobiide.

10. Sicydium condotense, sp. n.

Depth of body 63 in the length, length of head 45.

Diameter of eye 4 in length of head, interorbital width 5.

Teeth of upper jaw bi- or tricuspid ; horizontal teeth of

lower jaw concealed. Head naked; nape, an area behind

pelvic fins, and a vertical strip connecting these just behind

base of pectorals naked ; scales ciliated, 60 in a longitudinal

series, 16 or 17 between origins of second dorsal and anal.

Dorsal VI, I 10. Anal I 10. Second dorsal and anal

highest anteriorly; last rays, when laid back, not nearly

reaching caudal. Pectoral as long as head. Caudal sub-

truncate. Greenish, with dark cross-bars and an indistinct

lateral band ; caudal with two dark cross-bars; soft dorsal

with series of small dark spots on the rays; anal with a dark

intramarginal line.

A single specimen, 60 mm. in total length.

Soleide.

ll. Achirus panamensis, Steind.

V.—Descriptions of Fifteen new Japanese Marine Mollusca.

By G. B. Sowersy, F.L.S.

[Plate II.}

Turbo (Callopoma) excellens, sp. n. (Pl. II. fig. 1.)

Testa globoso-turbinata, imperforata, crassa, pallide carnea, vivide

rufo-fusco picta ; spira conica, elatiuscula; anfractus 5, convexi,

sutura antuste canaliculata sejuncti, spiraliter lirati, minute

plicato-nodulosi; penultimus triliratus; anfractus ultimus in-

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 3

34 Mr. G. B. Sowerby on

flatus, subquadrato globosus, supra et infra breviter plicato nodu-

losus, ubique liris crassis rotundatis cingulatus ; apertura sub-

circularis, intus argentea, peristoma simplex ; columella crassa,

levis, alba; operculum subcirculare, extus album, valde con-

vexum, ubique minute granulatum, cingulis elevatis 3, valde

inequalibus instructum, ad marginem acute carinatum.

Alt. 25, lat. 22 mm.

Hab. Nagashima, Kii, Japan.

Of the subgenus Callopoma, Tryon (Man. of Conch. vol. x.

p- 210) admits of only two species (with several synonyms

and varieties), viz., 7. fuctuosus, Wood, and savosus, Wood ;

a third, 7. shandri, Hutton, being probably misplaced.

The present species is much smaller than 7. fluctuwosus, and

differs from it in several respects, particularly in the

pustulated ridges on the upper part of the whorls. The

operculum is different, being destitute of the elaborately crenu-

lated concentric lirge so conspicuous in that species.

Leptothyra levigata, sp.n. (PI. II. fig. 5.)

Testa minuta, imperforata, oblique ovalis, crassa, levis, carneo-

albida, rufo-fusco marmorata, ad peripheriam albo balteata ; spira

parum elevata; anfractus 3, rotunde convexi; anfractus ultimus

latus, rotundatus, infra obscurissime spiraliter striatus ; apertura

subcircularis, intus argentea; peristoma leve, crassum ; colu-

mella valde callosa.

Alt. 4, diam. 4 mm.

fab. Noto, Hizen, Japan.

A little shell of simple character, smooth and shining,

silvery within, with a stout peristome.

Gibbula awajiensis, sp. n. (PI. II. fig. 4.)

Testa minuta, globoso-turbinata, crassiuscula, levis, fusca, nigro-

fusco flammulata, ad peripheriam zona lutea fusco articulata

picta; spira breviter conica; anfractus 3, rotundati; anfractus

ultimus leviter inflatus, infra convexus; umbilicus parvus sed

profundus; apertura subcircularis, intus argentea; peristoma

continuum, vix incrassatum.

Alt, 4, diam. 4 mm.

Hab. Awaji, Japan.

I know of no species very closely resembling this little

shell. In form it is rather globular, with a conical spire ; its

surface is smooth, umbilicus small, colour principally brown,

with an articulated band at the periphery.

ee eS a Se

re)

new Japanese Marine Mollusca. 3

Natica ovata, sp. n. ¢Pi: Ek fig. 3.)

Testa oyato-turbinata, ponderosa, breviter umbilicata, pallide luteo-

fusca, aliter haud colorata; spira conica, elatiuscula; anfractus

4, convexi, fere leves, irregulariter oblique sculpti, sutura an-

guste impressa sejuncti; anfractus ultimus 3 longitudinis teste

gequans, ovalis, infra rotundatus ; umbilicus vix profundus, tri-

goniformis; apertura elliptica, latiuscula, intus fusco tincta,

levis ; peristoma crassiusculum; columella crassicallosa, alba,

polita, in regione umbilicali lobata.

Alt. 59, maj. diam. 48 mm,

Hab. Hidaka, Japan.

This species is allied to WV. tanthostoma, Desh., but of a

much more ovate form; the callosity in the umbilical

region is different in form, leaving the umbilicus very nar-

rowly open.

Vatica bibalteata, sp.n. (PI. II. fig. 7.)

Testa globosa, crassa, umbilicata, albida, fusco-carneo bibalteata ;

spira parva, vix elevata, anfractus 5, primi minuti, leviter con-

vexi, oblique tenuissime striati, sutura anguste impressa sejuncti ;

anfractus ultimus inflatus, rotundus; apertura semicircularis,

intus alba; peristoma acutum; columella oblique rectiuscula,

postice valde callosa, in medio effuso ; umbilicus vix profundus,

callo columellari semi-obtectus.

Alt. 17, maj. diam. 17 mm.

Hab. Nagasaki.

This double-banded species bears some external resemblance

on a small scale to NV. spadicea, Gmel., but the umbilicus is

much less open and the columella callus spread in a different

form.

Natica figurata, sp.n. (PI. II. fig. 6.)

Testa globosa, tenuis, griseo-albida, aurantio dense fulgurata;

spira parva, levissime elevata; anfractus 4, convexi, leves; an-

fractus ultimus inflatus; apertura semicircularis; peristoma

acutum ; umbilicus callo columellari obtectus.

Alt. 14, diam. 13 mm.

Hab. Rikuzen, Japan.

A species characterized by elaborate figure-colouring ; its

umbilicus is completely covered, as in N. imperforata, Sow.,

from which species it differs somewhat in form and more in

pattern.

36 Mr. G. B. Sowerby on

Nerita levilirata, sp. n. (PI. II. fig. 2.)

Testa suboblique globosa, pallidula, ferrugineo dense marmorata,

maculata, et strigata; spira parva, depresse conica ; anfractus 3,

planulati, spiraliter lirati; anfractus ultimus inflatus, liris rotun-

datis parum elevatis latis et angustis alternatim instructus,

oblique irregulariter striatus ; apertura parviuscula, alba, intus

breviter plicato-dentata ; labrum ampliter effusum, leviter con-

cavum, ad marginem acutum ; columella late callosa, medio pauci

pustulato, margo dextro pauci plicato, sinistro irregulariter

‘rugose plicato.

Alt. 26, lat. 28 mm.

Hah, Oshima.

This Verit« bears some resemblance to J. stella, Ch., and

chameleon, Linn., but it differs from both in form, and may

be distinguished by its broad somewhat flattened ridges,

mostly with narrow ridges intervening.

Solarium acutissimum, sp.n. (PI. II. fig. 9.)

Testa percompressa, tenuis, circularis, late umbilicata, albida, fulvo

sparsim radiata; spira complanata; anfractus 7, primi minuti,

leeves, deinde leviter concayvi, acute marginati, liris numerosis

angustis plus minusve confertis spiraliter sculpti, oblique irregu-

lariter striati; anfractus ultimus brevis, concavo planulatus,

acutissime carinatus; basis convexa, tenuiter lirata, in regione

umbilicali conspicue plicato-lirata ; umbilicus latus, perspectivus,

intus valde plicatus; apertura parva, subquadrata; peristoma

tenue, acutissime angulatum.

Alt. 11, maj. diam, 45 mm.

Hab. Kai, Japan.

Of this very remarkable species I have only as yet seen

one specimen. It seems almost sufficient to say that it is

peculiarly flat, with a sharp, very prominent keel at the

periphery. A full description cannot yet be given, as the

operculum is unknown, and it may possibly rank as the type,

of a new subgenus.

Turritella fortilirata, sp.n. (PI. II. fig. 12.)

Testa turrita, ferruginea, versus apicem albida; anfractus 18,

declives, vix convexi, infra angulati, liris 4 spiralibus crassius-

culis cingulati; anfractus ultimus j longitudinis teste squans,

infra biangulatus; basis leviter convexa, unilirata; apertura

subquadrata ; peristoma tenue; columella leviter arcuata,

angusta.

Long. 78, maj. diam, 22 mm.

flab. Nemura, Yesso.

new Japanese Marine Mollusca, 37

Compared with 7. terebra, Linn., this shell is shorter in

proportion to its length, more angular at the base, aud the

spiral ridges are much stouter and less numerous.

Eutrochus pulcherrimus, sp.n. (Pl. IL. fig. 13.)

Testa elato-conica, umbilicata, luteo-albida, maculis fuscis minutis

liberaliter conspersa; spira acuta, gradata ; anfractus 7, primi 2

lwves, deinde oblique plicati, exinde subquadrati, 2-3 carinati,

liris angustis numerosis granulatis spiraliter instructi ; anfractus

ultimus brevis, latiusculus, tricariuatus, dense grano-liratus;

basis leviter convexa, liris alternatim crassiusculis et angustis

cingulata, oblique creberrime striata; umbilicus rotundatus,

mediocriter latus, profundus, intus levis; apertura mediocriter

lata, intus alba, levissime sulcata; peristoma continuum, tenue.

Alt. 17, maj. diam. 16 mm.

Hab, Oshima.

A pretty shell, quite different from any other species of

the genus. The numerous bright brown spots which adorn

its surface are characteristic, as also the elaborate cancellation

of the upper whorls. -

Fissuridea elaborata, sp.n. (PI. II. fig. 8.)

Testa ovata, mediocriter elata, antice levissime angustata, postice

convexa, albida, nigro-fusco irregulariter sparsim radiata, costis

radiantibus cire. 35 nodosis, lateralibus peculiariter denticulatis,

interstitiis clathratis profunde et conferte fossulatis instructa ;

foramen oblongum, quadri-denticulatum, ante medium situm;

interna callo tenui alba induta, ad marginem rugose crenulata.

Long. 20, lat. 12, alt. 8 mm.

Hab. Oshima.

It seems almost impossible to adequately describe the

elaborate sculpture of this beautiful shell. The numerous

radiating ribs are crossed by nodules or transverse bars,

pointed at each end, giving them a scalloped character ; there

is here and there a narrow intervening rib, and the interstices

throughout are deeply pitted.

Deolium pyriforme, spon. (PI. TI. fig. 14.)

Testa conico-pyriformis, albida, pallide fulvo sparsim maculata et

strigata; spira conica, elatiuscula; anfractus 5, apicales fusco

tineti, deinde rotunde convexi, spiraliter anguste lirati; an-

fractus ultimus leviter inflatus, postice rotundatus, antice attenu-

atus ; apertura oblongo-ovata, utrinque attenuata, intus incon-

spicue lirata ; labrum mediocriter latum, rugose plicatum ; colu-

38 On new Japanese Marine Mollusca.

mella oblique multiplicatum, postice tenuiter callosa, antice

rectiuscula.

Long. 46, lat. 31 mm. 1

Hab. Kii, Japan.

This closely ridged Dolium is more pyriform than its con-

geners, and its flattened peristome is strongly and closely

plicated. I have only seen one specimen of the species.

Lima oshimensis, sp.n. (PI. I. fig. 10.)

Testa ovata, leviter inflata, alba, liris radiantibus angustis planu-

latis confertissimis interdum confluentibus, interstitiis leviter

crenulatis et puncturatis instructa, concentrice irregulariter

liratim fasciata; periostracum ferrugineum, scabrosum ; auriculis

anticis parviusculis, posticis paulo latioribus; umbones leviter

prominentes, incurvati; area cardinalis latiuscula, leviter con-

cava; ligamentum trigonum, latiusculum.

Umbono-marg. 45, antero-post. 40 mm.

Fab. Oshima.

Here is an interesting addition to the genus Lima, of which

I have only seen a single specimen. It is of a regular ovate

form, but little inflated, very closely ribbed, the ribs being

narrow and flattened and in some cases confluent, while the

scabrous periostracum is formed in thin concentric ridges.

Placunanomia radiata, sp.n. (PI. II. fig. 15.)

Testa orbicularis, plana, tenuis, valva sinistra albida ferrugineo

late radiata, subtilissime rugulosa; umbo parvus, acutus, pone

marginem dorsali locatus ; valva dextra tenuissima, albo-nitens,

foramen oblongum.

Long. 34, lat. 34 mm.

Hab. Vyo.

A flat shell of delicate substance, the left valve being for

the most part smooth, but in some places minutely rugose.

The only specimen I have seen is characterized by four

rather broad rays.

Macoma awajiensis, sp. n. (Pl. I. fig. 11.)

Testa transverse oblonga, tenuissima, compressiuscula, albo-

iridescens, concentrice subtiliter striata, postice obtuse angulata ;

area postica striis concentricis numerosis tenuissimis sculpta ;

umbones parvi, vix elevati, approximati, post medium locati ;

‘margo dorsalis anticus leviter arcuatus, posticus oblique de-

scendens ; ventralis suboblique arcuatus, postice leviter sinuatus ;

Descriptions and Records of Bees. 39

dentes cardinales minuti, in utrinque valvulz duo, divergentes,

laterales nulli.

Diam. antero-post. 18, umbono-marg. 10 mm.

Hab. Awaji.

A white iridescent shell of very simple character, concen-

trically rather sharply and closely striated.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE II.

%y. 1. Turbo excellens.

Tig. 2. Nerita levilirata.

Fig. 3. Natica ovata,

Fig. 4. Gibbula awajiensis.

Fig. 5. Leptothyra levigata.

Fig. 6. Natica figurata.

ag. 7. bibalteata.

Fig. 8. Fissuridea elaborata.

Fig. 9. Solarium acutissimum.

Fig. 10, Lima oshimensis.

Fig. 11. Macoma awajiensis.

Fig. 12. Turritella fortilirata.

Fig. 13. Eutrochus pulcherrimus.

Fig. 14. Dolium pyriforme.

Fig. 15. Placunanomia radiata.

VI.— Descriptions and Records of Bees.—LXI.

By T. D. A. Cockrre ty, University of Colorado.

Anthoglossa dives, sp. n.

@ .—Length about 16 mm.

Robust, black, the apical margins of the first four

abdominal segments broadly handed with golden, thinly

beset with short golden hair; head broad; clypeus

smooth, with very few scattered punctures, more than

its lower half, as well as the labrum and the basal two-

thirds of the mandibles, clear ferruginous; cheeks with

very long white hair, faintly tinged with fulvous beneath ;

front and face with light fulvous hair, more or less tinged

with fuscous, the appressed hair at lower corners of face

white ; vertex with fuscous hair, but occiput with fulvous ;

scape black, flagellum largely dark chestnut-red beneath ;

mesothorax dull, seutellum shining in middle, both covered

with short moss-like hair, reddish tipped with fuscous ;

area of metathorax triangular, dull, with a median sulcus ;

metathorax with abundant greyish-white hair ; pleura with

greyish-white hair posteriorly, anteriorly with reddish tipped

with fuscous; tegule pellucid shining rufous (reddish-amber).

40 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

Wings short, strongly infuscated, stigma obsolete, nervures

fuscous ; b. n. falling just short of t.-m.; second s.m. very

wide, receiving first r.n. a little before middle; anterior

femora black, red above apically, and largely beneath, the

posterior fringe of hair orange-fulvous ; middle femora

similarly coloured, but posterior fringe snow-white ; bind

femora black, with a long curled pale fulvous plumose scopa,

and bright red hair at apex; tibiz and tarsi red (anterior

and middle tibiz more or less suffused with blackish on outer

side), with red hair; scopa of hind tibiz light golden red in

front, much darker above; hind basitarsi broad. Abdomen

black with four golden bands, the heavy fringe of hair on

fifth segment rather dark rich red ; apical plate truncate.

¢ .—Length 16 mm.

Differs from @ thus: face densely covered with very

bright golden-fulvous (very red) hair; the prominent

clypeus yellowish suffused with reddish, with a dusky spot

on each side; hair of cheeks below prclonged on each

side into a long pale fulvous beard; hair of vertex and

occiput long and red: scape short, red; flagellum long,

bright ferruginous beneath, the last jomt enlarged and

flattened, discoid, pallid, with a large black spot; third

antennal joint deformed, excavated in front and swollen

behind ; hair of thorax above longer, long on scutellum,

the general effect mouse-grey; hind tibiz and _basitarsi

slender and elongated, the tibiz arched basally ; abdomen

with five broad golden bands ; apex ferruginous.

Hab. Yallingup, near Cape Naturaliste, S.W. Australia,

Sept. 14—Oct. 31, 1913 (R&R. £. Turner). 1 2 (type); 2 g.

British Museum.

Close to A. aurevtincta and A. hackeri ; the females of

the three are separated as foliows :—

First abdominal segment withouta goldenband.. hackeri, Cill.

First abdominal segment with a golden band.... 1.

1. Legs black; size smaller (13 mm.) ............ aureotincta, Ckll.

Legs largely red; size larger (16 mm.) ........ dives, Ckil.

Paracolletes callurus, sp. n.

2 —Length 10 mm.

Black, with the last two abdominal segments densely

covered with bright ferruginous hair ; hair of face, lower part

of front, cheeks, thorax above anteriorly, tubercles, pleura,

metathoras, and a tuft at each side of scutellum rather dull

white ; vertex and disc of thorax, including scutellum, with

biack hair; head broad, eyes converging below ; mandibles

with a red subapical spot; clypeus densely and strongly

punciured, the lower middle shining and little punctured;

Records of Bees, 41

front closely punctured ; flagellum very short, dull reddish

beneath except at base; mesothorax and scutellum closely

and finely punctured, but shining between the punctures ;

scutellum flattened in middle ; postscutellum with a well-

developed median tubercle, more or less hidden by hair ;

tegule black, with very fine punctures. Wings strongly

dusky, with piceous nervures and small stigma; b. n. meeting

t.-m.; second s.m. small, receiving first r. n. about middle ;

secoud r. nu. enteriug third s.m. some distance from end.

Legs black, with white hair, more or less fulvous-tinted on

inner side of tarsi; hind tibial scopa long and black behind,

otherwise clear white ; hind spur pectinate with many fine

teeth. Abdomen very finely punctured, with thin white hair,

thin and reddish on apical part of fourth segmeut, dense and

bright red beyond.

Hab. Yallingup, near Cape Naturaliste, S.W. Australia,

Sept. 14-Oct. 31, 1913 (KR. EF. Turner). 2 2. British

Museum.

Mr. Meade-Waldo notes: “ Nearly allied to P. turneri

and P. elegans, but distiuct.” It is readily distinguished

from these by the black abdomen.

Paracolletes dentiger, Cockerell.

Described in 1910 from a single female, precise locality

unknown. At Yallingup, near Cape Naturaliste, Sept. 14—

Oct. 31, 1913, Mr. R. E. Turner collected both sexes. ‘To

the description of the female should be added—hind tibize

with black hair posteriorly. The male closely resembles the

female ; the hind legs are long and slender, with the tibial

hair all white; the scape is strongly punctured, and the

flagellum is short, like that of a female.

In the descriptions of Paracolletes which follow, the

published tables are referred to by numbers, as follows :—

Tab. 1 = Tiaus. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxxi. (1905) pp. 344-348.

Tab. 2= Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist., Jan. 1906, pp. 28-29.

Tab. 3 = ‘Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxxvi. (1910) pp. 206-207.

Paracolletes latifrons, sp. v.

9 —Length about 115 mm.

Black, robust, very broad, with rather thin dull white hair;

vertex with long black hair, posterior middle of mesothorax,

and disc of scutellum, with short biack hair ; face very broad,

eyes slightly converging above, hair of face entirely white ;

mandibles rufous except at base and apex; flagellum very

obscurely reddish beneath ; cheeks narrow ; mesothorax and

scutellum with a dullish, sericeous surface; areca of meta-

42 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

thorax dullish, overlapped by hair; a broad vertical band of

black hair on anterior part of pleura, descending from tegule ;

tegule piceous, with two dark rufous spots. Wings dilute

fuliginous, the rudimentary stigma reddish, the nervures

fuscous ; ; b. 0. falling a little short of t.-m. ; second s.m. very

broad, receiving first r. n. in middle; second r. n. joining third

s.m. some distance before end. Legs black, with black and

white hair, light brown on inner side of tarsi; hair on outer

face of hind tibie black ; hind spur finely pectinate. Ab-

domen broad, dullish, with a sericeous surface, and exceed-

ingly minute punctures; third and following segments more

shining than the first two, abruptly contrasting ; ; sides and

base of abdomen with more or less short silvery hair, which

extends to form partial thin bands on sides of second to

fourth segments, on fourth quite well developed; fifth

segment covered with pale grey hair, white at sides.

‘Hab. Coolangatta, Queensland, 11.9. 13 (Queensl. Mus.

104).

In Tab. 1 runs straight to P. obscurus, Sm., but very

distinct by sculpture and pubescence. In Tab. 2 runs to

P. rudis, Ckll., but not closely related. In Tab. 3 to

lee argentifrons, Sm., which differs in venation &c. Its

nearest relatrve is probably P. advena (Sm.), which has a

narrower abdomen with more distinct hair-bands.

Paracolletes thornleighensis, Cockerell.

Hitherto known only from the male, but a female from

Brisbane, 2.12.13 (Hacker ; Queensl. Mus. 103), is referred

here with confidence. It has the stigma and nervures piceous,

which may indicate a distinct variety or race. In Tab. 1 it

runs near P. nanus,Sm., butismuchlarger. The abdomen is

shining black, w ith slight metallic tints on the third segment ;

hind margins of segments 2 to 4 broadly rufous, “4 with

a band LE reddish- golden hair ; second segment very dis-

tinctly punctured ; hind spur long- pectinate ; hind tibial

scopa black on basal half on outer side, suffusedly blackish

beyond; face broad; clypeus shining, well punctured ;

tongue normally colletiform ; hair of face greyish white,

of vertex black ; mesothorax shining, sparsely and weakly

punctured, with black hair except in front.

Paracolletes tenuicinctus, sp. n.

? —Length 123-13 mm.

Very broad a robust; black, with black and white

hair; head very broad; mandibles gbscurely reddish

Records of Bees. 43

apically ; clypeus very densely and strongly punctured,

covered (but not thickly enough to hide surface) with pale

brownish-tinted hair; cheeks, sides of face, and most of

front with long white hair, but sides of front above with

black hair ; flagellum dark, but ferruginous beneath at apex ;

hair of thorax largely white, white also on occiput, but long

and black on vertex ; black on mesothorax, except the broad

anterior border, and narrow lateral margins, and an admixture

of white posteriorly ; long black hair on scutellum, with white

intermixed, black below tegule, and a large dark fuscous

patch on under side of thorax ; mesothorax and scutellum

dull, with rather weak punctures ; area of metathorax tri-

angular, dullish ; tegule black. Wings moderately dusky,

darker in apical region ; the very small stigma and nervures

fuscous ; b. n. falling just short of t.-m.; second s.m. very

broad, receiving first r. n. a little before the middle; third

s.m. receiving second r.n.a short distance before end. Legs

black, the anterior tibize red in front, and the small joints of

tarsired ; hair of legs mostly white, but pale yellowish brown

on inner edge of tarsi, mainly fuscous on outer side of basi-

tarsi and of anterior and middle tibiz, but the loose tibial

scopa of hind legs clear white, except at extreme base above ;

hind spur with such short and minute pectinations as to

appear simple under alens. Abdomen broad, without distinct

punctures ; hind margins of first four segments with very

narrow white hair-bands; hair at apex black, white hair at

sides of fifth segment ; venter with light hair-bands.

Hab. Yallingup, S.W. Australia, Sept. 14-Oct. 31, 1913,

3 2 (R. E. Turner). British Museum.

Closely allied to P. advena (Sm.), but larger and broader,

with white hind tibial scopa. In Tab.1 it could run near to

P. argentifrons, which is quite different, or to P. obscurus,

from which it differs by the large size and abdominal bands.

In Tab. 2 it runs nearest to P. hobartensis, which has no abdo-

minal hair-bands. In Tab. 3 it runs to P. argentifrons.

Paracolletes sexmaculatus, sp. n.

2 .—Length 13-14 mm.

Robust ; head, thorax, and legs black ; abdomen dark but

very distinct bluish green, with six very conspicuous though

not large transversely elongated patches of pure white hair,

on lateral hind margins of segments 2 to4; the heavy apical

fimbria black ; head broad; mandibles black, very faintly red-

dish subapically, with a single inner tooth; clypeus shining,

strongly punctured ; flagellum dull red beneath apically ;

face and cheeks with glittering white hair; on lower part

dt Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

of front it is long and white, faintly tinged with yellowish,

on upper part of front and on vertex it is black ; meso-

thorax shining, with shallow punctures, scutellum rougher ;

postscutellum with a mammiform median tubercle; area

of metathorax brilliantly shining, not carinate, margined

by a finely beaded groove; hair of thorax mostly dull

white, but black on discs of mesothorax and scutellum,

and a black patch beneath the wings, just behind the

tubercles; tubercle of postscutellum with hairs partly

dark ; tegule black. Wings dusky, nervures and the lan-

ceolate stigma dark reddish hrown; b. n. meeting t.-m.;

first r. n. joing second s,m. much before middle; second

r. n. joining third s.m. near or at end. Hair of legs black

or fuscous on outer side of tibiz and tarsi, otherwise white,

but yellowish on inuer side of basitarsi (fulvous on anterior

pair) ; hind spur with very slender long spines. Abdomen

shining, weakly punctured ; venter with white hair.

¢ .—Length 11-12 mm.

Much more slender, with the light hair of head and thorax

pale fulvous, brightest on face; flagellum very thick, wiih

angular joints, suggesting ibex-horns ; tubercle on post-

scutellum small and inconspicuous. Knees, all the tarsi,

tibiz at apex, and anterior tibize in front, clear red. Abdo-

men only very feebiy metailic, and wholly without the spots

of white hair; apical plate broadly rounded, subtruncate.

Hab. Yallingup, 8.W. Australia, Sept. 14—Oct. 31, 1913.

29,5 6 (RK. E. Turner). British Museum.

The female is the type ; the sexes were sent associated,

otherwise I should have hesitated to put them together, as

they look very different. They agree, however, in venation,

metathorax, &c. The male, by its antenne, resembles the

much smaller P. zbex, Ckll. The female in Tab. 1 runs near

P. providus, aud may be compared also with P. frontalis ; in

Tab. 2 it runs out near P. obscuripennis ; in Tab. 3 it runs

to providus. It is very different from all of these. The

male in Tab. 1 runs out at 7 if the abdomen is considered

metallic ; otherwise it goes near the quite distinct P. chaly-

beatus. In Tab. 2 it runs rather near obscuripennis ‘and

subfuscus ; and in Tab. 3 near providus.

Paracolletes metallescens, sp. n.

? .—Length about 11 mm.

Rather slender, black, the abdomen very dark bluish

green ; head broad ; mandibles black, obscurely red apically ;

malar space linear; clypeus shining, with distinct, not very

Records of Bees. 45

dense punctures ; antenne black, with the flagellum bright

ferruginous beneath apically; hair of cheeks white, of face

white intermixed with black on clypeus, vertex and upper

part of front with long black hair; mesothorax and scutellum

brilliantly shining, with irregular shallow punctures; post-

scutellum without a process ; area of metathorax smooth

and shining, with an obtuse transverse ridge; hair of

thorax dull white, black on discs of mesothorax and

scutellum, and a patch of black under the wings ; tegule

piceous. Wings dusky, the lanceolate stigma rufo-piceous,

nervures fuscous ; b. n. falling just short of t.-m.; second

s.m. receiving first r. n. about middle; third s.m. re-

ceiving second r. n. some distance before end. Legs black,

tarsi red at extreme apex; hair of legs largely white, but

orange-fulvous on inner side of anterior tarsi, yellowish-

tinted on inner side of hind tarsi, black or fuscous on outer

side of tibize and tarsi; spurs pallid. Abdomen moderately

shining, but with a sericeous surface, without distinct punc-

tures or hair-bands; apical fimbria black; venter with much

white hair.

3 —Length about 9 mm.

Face covered with white hair; mandibles bright red sub-

apically ; flagellum dark, rather obscure red at apex, very

strongly crenulated beneath; hair of mesothorax long, white

in front, posteriorly grey or rather dilute black ; scutellum

with black hair. Legs black, tarsi red at extreme apex.

Abdomen very dark bluish or blue-black, hind margins of

segments obscurely reddish; apical plate broadly rounded,

subtruncate.

Hab. Yallingup, S.W. Australia, Sept. 14—Oct. 31, 1913,

29,14 (KR. EZ. Turner). British Museum.

Apparently very close to P. versicolor, Sm., but differing

by the darker abdomen, with pure white instead of yellow

hair beneath. The male is allied to P. iver, Ckll. P. providus

has the abdomen bluer and more shining. The type of

P. metallescens is a female.

Paracolletes subvigilans, sp. n.

2 .—Length 134-14 mm.

Rather robust, with the abdomen dark yellowish or bluish

green, the discs of the segments sometimes almost black, but

the broad hind margins always green ; head broad ; mandibles

dark ; clypeus shining, strongly punctured ; hair of cheeks

and face (abundant in region of antennz) white, but face with

some fuscous hairs intermixed ; hair of front and vertex black:

antennz dark, flagellum duil red beneath at apex ; hair of

46 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

thorax largely dull white, but black on dises of mesothorax

and scutellum, and a large black patch below wings; hair at

sides of metathorax stained with fuscous ; mesothorax and

scutellum brilliantly shining, with irregularly placed shallow

punctures ; scutellum with a median sulcus; postscutellum

with a very prominent obtuse tubercle, which is not bifid ;

area of metathorax triangular, shining, minutely striate on

upper middle, somewhat bulging transversely, but not

carinate ; at sides of area the usual beaded impressed line

expands, forming a series of elongate pits ; tegule piceous.

Wings brownish, nervures and the small lanceolate stigma

rufo-piceous ; b. n. meeting t.-m. ; first r. n. joining second

s.m. near end of first third ; second r. n. joining third s.m.

a short distance from end ; tibiz and tarsi with fuscous

hair on outer side ; hair on inner side of hind basitarsi grey ;

hind femora with a curled scopa of silvery-white hair. Abdo-

men with very little hair, and no bands or spots ; punctures

scattered and extremely minute; caudal fimbria black ;

venter with white hair.

Hab. Yallingup, 8.W. Australia, Sept. 14—Oct. 31, 1913,

3 9 (R. E. Turner). British Museum.

Structurally very close to P. seamaculatus, though that has

a shorter process on postscutellum and a much more closely

distinctly and punctured abdomen, Mr. Meade-Waldo notes:

‘Near P. vigilans, Sm., which we have from same locality.”

In P. vigilans the process on postscutellum is bidentate.

Paracolletes rhodopus, sp. n.

9 .—Length a little over 13 mm.

Rather robust, black ; hind tibize bright ferruginous, with

hair of the same colour on its outer side, and on inner paler

and yellower ; hind tarsi red, end of basitarsus and beyond

suffused with dusky ; anterior and middle tibiz and tarsi

black, with the last tarsal jot red ; hair of head and thorax

abundant, black in the same places as in P. subvigilans, other-

wise pale ochreous-tinted; mandibles dark; clypeus shining,

strongly punctured ; antennz black, reddish beneath at apex ;

scape long, flagellum short; mesothorax and scutellum

shining, rather well punctured ; postscutellum with a rather

low conical process ; area of metathorax shining, more or less

transversely striate, slightly elevated in the middle, but not

keeled ; inner surface of basitarsi with bright red hair ;

anterior tarsi with fuscous hair on outer side, but middle

with red; tegule black anteriorly, red posteriorly. Wings

dusky, nervures and the lanceolate stigma dark rufo-fuscous ;

Records of Bees. 47

b. n. meeting t.-m.; first r. n. joining second s.m., much

before middle ; second r. n, joming third s.m. very near

end. Abdomen shining but rather roughened, especially the

second segment, the punctures extremely minute; very thin

pale ochreous hair, thicker at lateral apices of segments 2

to 4, forming rudimentary, very inconspicuous bands ; apical

fimbria black ; venter with pale ochreous hair.

Hab. Yallingup, S.W. Australia, Sept. 14—-Oct. 31, 1913

(R. E. Turner). British Museum.

Structurally allied to P. subvigilans and related species,

but unique by the peculiar coloration of the legs.

Paracolletes bicolor (Smith).

This species appears to be variable (see Trans. Amer. Ent.

Soc. xxxvi. p. 201), and I cannot separate a couple of males

taken by Turner at Yallingup, although they have the meso-

thorax entirely green, the colour not at all ‘‘ obscure.” The

tibize and tarsi are red, the tibiz are more or less suffused

with dusky. P. plumosus, Sm., has similar colours, and is

very closely allied.

Paracolletes fimbriatinus hillieri, subsp. u.

6 —Like P. fimbriatinus, Ckll., but smaller, length about

& mm.; hair of head and thorax cream-colour ; flagellum

bright ferruginous above and beneath ; abdomen more

shining and less densely punctured, the hair on apical

margins of segments wholly pale ; femora black except at

apex.

Hab. Hermannsburg, Central Australia (H. J. Hillier).

British Museum.

Apparently a desert representative of P. jimbriatinus.

Paracolletes bimaculatus (Smith).

A single small male from Yallingup (R. £. Turner) is

referred to this species, which appears to be somewhat

variable. The abdominal segments are transversely clouded

with dusky, and the round black spots at sides of second

segment are small. ‘The second s.m. is remarkably small

and narrow. Smith described this species from the female.

Paracolletes castaneipes, sp. n.

6 .—Length about 10 mm.

Black, not at all metallic, the tibize and tarsi deep chestnut-

48 Mr. 'l’. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

red, the tarsi more or less stained with black ; mandibles with

an obscure red mark subapically; flagellum long, but ordinary

in form, dark coffee-brown beneath, redder at apex ; clypeus

finely and closely punctured, supraclypeal area elevated,

shining; front dull; face and cheeks with shining silvery hair;

on front the thin long hair is dull white, but on vertex it is

fuscous, contrasting with the shining white of the occiput ;

hair of thorax white, except on dise of mesothorax and scu-

tellum, where it is fuscous; prothorax shining, but mesothorax

and scutellum appearing granular, somewhat glistening ; the

mesothorax under the compound microscope shows small

punctures as closely placed as possible, the narrow margins

between not tessellate; postscutellum without a process ;

area of metathorax glistening but minutely sculptured,

somewhat bulging transversely in the middle, but not cari-

nate; tegule rufo-piceous. Wings dusky, the nervures and

the narrowly lanceolate stigma dark rufo-piceous ; b. n.

falling a little short of t.-m.; second s.m. narrowed above,

with sloping sides, receiving first r.n. much before middle ;

third s.m. receiving second r. n. some distance from end.

Legs with glistening white hair; hind basitarsus with a pro-

jection on anterior side near base. Abdomen with hind

margins of second and foliowing segments narrowly reddish ;

no hair-bands; hair at apex pale chocolate ; venter with

white hair-bands. The abdomen is described as non-metallic,

and yet in certain lights it seems to have an elusive, hardly

appreciable greyish tint.

Hab. Yallingup, S.W. Australia, Sept. 14-Oct. 31, 1913

(R. E. Turner). 2 3. British Museum.

Apparently related to P. rudis, Ckll., but not its male, as

the sculpture of the mesothorax is entirely different,

Paracolletes atronitens, sp. 0.

g.—Length 10 mm. or slightly over.

Shining black, not at all metallic, with white hair, long on

head and thorax, but on vertex, and dises of mesothorax and

scutellum, it is black, and there is a blackish stain just beneath

the tegule; head broad ; mandibles rufescent at apex; clypeus

shining, with rather close moderate-sized punctures ; sides of

vertex brilliantly shining, but front dullish ; flagellum wholly

dark, long and thick, the joints of the apical half swollen (but

not angular) beneath ; mesothorax brilliantly shining, with

sparse feeble punctures ; scutellum shining in front, other-

wise rough and punctured ; postscutellum without a process ; _

area of metathorax peculiar, with a basal depressed trans-

Records of Bees. 49

versely striated band, limited by a transverse ridge, below

which the (vertical) surface is shining except at sides, but in

the middle, at the top of the vertical face, is a large deep tri-

angular pit; tegule piceous. Wings slightly dusky, nervures

and tle lanceolate stigma rufo-fuscous ; b.n meeting t.-m. ;

second s.m. broad, receiving first r. n. at or before middle ;

third s.m. receiving second r,n. not very far from end. Legs

with glistening white hair, pale reddish on inner side of

tarsi. Abdomen shining, the weak punctures not dense ;

hind margins of second and following segments very narrowly

reddish ; no hair-bands ; hair at apex fuscous ; venter with

pure white hair.

Hab. Yallingup, 8.W. Australia, Sept. 14-Oct. 31, 1913,

23 (Kh. E. Turner). British Museum.

Related to P. chalybeatus and P.obscurus, but differing

in various details. The metathorax is peculiar.

VII.—Descriptions and Records of Bees.—LXII.

By T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado.

Parasphecodes excultus, Cockerell.

Mt. Wellington, 8. Tasmania, Jan. 15-Feb. 6, 1913 (R. EZ.

Turner). Brit. Museum.

Parasphecodes wellington?, sp. n.

2? .—Length 83-103} mm.

Robust ; head and thorax black ; abdomen bright chestnut-

red, first segment black or blackish at base, the limits of the

dark patch not sharply defined, apical segments variably

suffused with dusky ; clypeus shining, more or less flattened

or depressed in middle, very sparsely punctured; face

glistening, but not smooth; front dull, more or less glistening

at sides; the very scanty pale hair of face and cheeks more

or less brownish ; antenne black, flagellum obscurely brown

beneath ; vertex, mesothorax, and scutellum with thin dark

reddish-fuscous hair; fringe of tubercles pale ochreous ;

mesothorax strongly grooved in middle, dull in front, shining

on disc, with small punctures of two differeut sizes ; scutellum

shining, with scattered minute punctures ;_postscutellum

entirely dull, strongly contrasting with scutellum ; area of

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. a

50 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

metathorax dull, granular in middle, at sides with a weak

reticulate sculpture; truncation of metathorax without pro-

jecting lateral points above ; tegule dark rufous clouded

with fuscous. Wings very red, nervures and stigma ferru-

ginous ; first r.n. entering second s.m. near apex, or meeting

second t.-c. Legs black, anterior tibize variably red in

front, but the colour never very bright ; hind tibiz and tarsi

more or less strongly red, especially on inner side; hair

of hind tibize pale reddish, sometimes fuscous on posterior

margin. Abdomen with short fuscous hair at apex ; venter

with shining white hair, long on second segment, more or

less fuscous toward the apex.

Hab. Mt. Wellington, 8. Tasmania, Jan. 15—Feb. 6, 1913

(R. E. Turner), 4 9. Brit. Museum.

The specimens come from an altitude of 1300-2300 feet.

Among Smith’s species this is nearest to P. lithusca, but

differs by the dark legs. It is quite distinct from all the

species described in recent years.

Parasphecodes turnert, sp. n.

? .— Length about 8} mm.

Robust ;- head and thorax black; abdomen deep chestnut-

red, first segment all red; a blackish stain about caudal

margin; hair of head and thorax thin, black on clypeus,

vertex, mesothorax, and scutellum, also at sides of front, but

otherwise rather dull white; mandibles dark red at apex;

clypeus and supraclypeal area brilliantly shining, sparsely

punctured ; front dull, glistening at sides ; antennz entirely

black ; mesothorax entirely dull and granular, under the

compound microscope seen to be extremely densely con-

fluently punctured ; scutellum bigibbous, rough, the eleva-

tions shining ; area of metathorax strongly longitudinally

erooved, sharply truncate behind, the lateral posterior

corners forming obtuse angles ; tegule black. Wings dusky,

but scarcely at all reddened; nervures and stigma sepia ;

first r.n. entering apex of second sm. Legs black, with

glittering white hair, but black or fuscous on outer side of

tibie. Abdomen with fuscous hair at apex ; hair of venter

entirely white.

& —Length about 8 mm.

Similar to the female, but less robust, though not slender ;

mandibles with no yellow spot ; labrum dark; clypeus with

a broad apical pale yellow band, with a small pointed pro-

jection on its upper side in middle; flagellum long, dull red

Records of Bees. * 51

beneath ; abdomen black beyond the third segment, and with

a round black spot on each extreme side of third near base ;

legs without red or yellow markings.

Hab, Eaglehawk Neck, 8.E. Tasmania, Feb. 12—March 3,

1913 (Rf. EL. Turner). 1 2 (=type), 1%. Brit. Museum.

The male may be compared with P. alttchus, Sm., but it

has no black cloud on third abdominal segment, and the disc

of thorax is not strongly punctured. The female is not much

like any described species.

Parasphecodes recessus, sp. n.

2 .—Length about 9 mm.

Robust ; head, thorax, legs, and antenne black; abdomen

shining, dark chestnut-red, first segment dorsally black

except the very broad apical margin, apical segments red ;

second segment with a small and third with a large black

spot on each extreme side near base; mandibles black, with

an obseure subapical red band ; elypeus shining, sparsely

punctured ; hair of head and thorax scanty, white on sides of

thorax, pale ochreous on vertex and dorsum of thorax, mixed

with fuscous on scutellum ; mesothorax deeply grooved in

middle, dullish, with fine weak punctures which become well

separated on dise (under the corapound microscope the punc-

tures are seen as minute elevations surrounded by depressions,

and the space between them is minutely and weakly tessel-

late) ; scutellum somewhat bigibbous, sculptured like meso-

thorax ; area of metathorax with irregular fine rnge basally,

running into an irregular reticulation and disappearing on

tle apical part, which has a microseopical tessellation ; poste-

rior truncation sharply defined, with projecting points at

upper corners ; tegule black. Wings somewhat dusky, not

reddened, stigma and nervures red-brown; second s.m.

broad ; first r.n. meeting second t.-c. Hair of legs mostly

yellowish white, fulvous on inner side of tarsi, dark fuscous

on outer side of hind tibie and basitarsi. Punctures of

abdomen excessively fine.

Hab, Mt. Wellington, S. Tasmania, Jan. 15-Feb. 6, 1913

(R. FE. Turner). Brit. Museum.

Among Smith’s species comes closest to P. tilachus, but

fourth and fifth abdominal segments not black, &e. The

sculpture of mesothorax is quite different from that of

P, speculiferus.

52 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

Parasphecodes perustus, sp. n.

6 .—Lenegth about 8 mm.

Rather slender ; head and thorax black, with thin white

hair, tinged with brown dorsally; legs black, with the tibize

partly red (anterior ones red, with a dusky patch on outer

side) and the long tarsi clear red; abdomen very bright

ferruginous, with the apex strongly suffusedly blackened,

first segment entirely red ; mandibles red at apex; clypeus

with a broad, transverse, lemon-yellow, apical patch, sending

a long pointed projection upwards; supraclypeal area

minutely roughened; scape very short ; flagellum extremely

long, clear ferruginous beneath ; mesothorax and scutellum

entirely dull and granular, the microscope showing exces-

sively close punctures on a tessellate surface ; area of meta-

thorax small, finely longitudinally ridged, with a raised

margin; posterior truncation without projections at upper

corners ; tegule rufous. Wings dusky hyaline, nervures

and stigma rufo-fuscous; first r.n. meeting second t.-c. ;

third s.m. much broader above than second (in P. recessus

they are about equally broad above). Legs with white

hair. Dorsal suture between first and second abdominal

seoments depressed.

Hab. Mt. Wellington, 8. Tasmania, Jan. 15-Feb. 6, 1913

(R. HE. Turner). Brit. Museum.

Among Smith’s species this may be compared with P. al-

tichus, but it is quite distinct. It is much smaller than

P. froggatti, with a brighter red and much less hairy abdomen.

The following table separates the above species of Para-

sphecodes :—

Dise of mesothorax brilliantly shining, polished,

with punctures of two sizes; scutellum bril-

liantly shinine- Sion. sty 2 s<fean ae hee wellingtont, Ckll.

Mesothorax and scutellum dull, or, if somewhat

shining, punctures of disc of mesothorax not

GF GWG SIZES «5.1 Its, ob bien cee eee etetet o ds

1. Abdomen black beyond the third segment ...... 2.

Ad least iourth segment red .. |. .2) ek). elape eyes 3.

2. Disc of mesothorax moderately shining, the punc-

tures well separated and distinct under a lens ;

wings strongly reddened .................. excultus, Ckll,

Dise of mesothorax dull, the punctures not sepa-

rately visible under a lens ; wings greyish, not

TOCOUSNEM a Kaeieisis ic ove a eatin Ge oe ates ance turnert, CkIL, d.

3. Red of ubdomen very bright; tegule red ..... . perustus, Ckll.

’ Red of abdomen dark; tegule black .......... 4.

4, Area of metathorax strongly plicate all over .... turneri, Ckll., 9.

Area of metathorax plicate only basally ........ recessus, Ckll,

Records of Bees. 53

Prosopis accipitris, sp. n.

3 .—Length 5 mm.

Black, not very robust, having the form and appearance of

the common European species ; mandibles cream-colour, the

broad bidentate end slightly reddish; labrum, clypeus,

broadly triangular supraclypeal mark, and lateral face-marks

(narrow, leaving clypeal margin about middle, extending

upwards, gradually narrowing to a point a considerable

distance above level of antennz) pale primrose-yellow ; face

narrowed below ; clypeus very high, microscopically tessel-

late, with sparse very weak punctures; scape yellow in

front, flagellum light ferruginous beneath ; third and fourth

antennal joints very short, about twice as broad as long;

middle of front very densely microscopically punctured, with

a honeycomb-like effect, the basins of the cells ridged or

wrinkled ; cheeks beneath tufted with white hair; meso-

thorax microscopically tessellate and with very minute weak

punctures, not visible under a lens, which shows only a dull

surface ; tegulz piceous, microscopically tessellate ; tubercles

and linear marks on upper edge of prothorax light yellow.

Wings hyaline, nervures and stigma sepia ; first r.n. entering

second s.m. or meeting first t.-c. Anterior tibie and tarsi

light rufo-fulvous, the tibie with a slight black mark be-

hind; middle tibiz with a pale yellowish stripe, their tarsi

eream-colour, brownish apically ; hind tibiee with the basal

third yellow, the rest black; their basitarsi yellowish white,

pale reddish apically, but the other tarsal joints dark. Abdo-

men dullish, very finely sculptured, with very little hair.

?.—Mandibles dark, the apex rufous; labrum dark;

clypeus black, with a very broad, longitudinal, pale yellow

band ; lateral face-marks consisting of narrow bands along

orbital margins ; no supraclypeal mark ; scape dark.

Hab. Kaglehawk Neck, Tasmania, Feb. 12—March 3, 1913

(R. E£. Turner), 3 g (one being the type), 3 9. Brit.

Museum.

Prosopis perhumilis, sp. n.

6 .—Length about 4 mm.

Like P. accipitris, but considerably smaller ; face broader

above ; lateral face-marks broad below, filling space between

clypeus and eye; supraclypeal mark low and broad, its upper

side flattened ; scape with only a narrow light stripe. Wings

dusky. Hind basitarsi black, with a little more than the

basal third yellow. ‘The sculpture of the front is as in

P. accipitris.

54 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell— Descriptions and

9.—Like that of P. aceipitris, but smaller; hind tarsi

entirely black.

Hab. Yallingup, 8.W. Australia, Sept. 14—-Oct. 31, 1913

(R. E. Turner), 6 S (que of which is type), 3 ?. Brit.

Museum.

There are also two males labelled as collected by Turner

on Mt. Wellington, Tasmania: is this, perhaps, an error ?

These species run to 35 in my table of Australian Prosopis,

but are distinct from the species there indicated and from

allied ones subsequently described. P. ancorata, OkIl.,

shows many points of resemblance, but is easily separated by

the cuneiform black marks on each side of clypeus and much

more strongly sculptured mesothorax. P. eburniella, Ckll.,

has a much broader face than that of P. perhumilis, which it

resembles somewhat in the markings.

Prosopis scintilla, Cockerell.

6 .—Length about 35 mm.

Clypeus and long narrow lateral face-marks, ending acutely

above level of antenne, pale yellow (the precise tint doubtful,

the specimen being altered by cyanide, but certainly not

bright yellow) ; no supraclypeal mark ; labrum and mandibles

pale yellow; middle and hind tibiz pale apically as well as

basally ; tubercles pale reddish.

Hab, Mackay, Queensland, March 1900 (Zurner, 1082).

I had determined this as probably the male of P. scintilla

before noticing that the collector had himself indicated it as

such. In my table of Australian Prosopis (Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist., Feb. 1910) this runs to 34, and runs out because

of the absence of a supraclypeal mark.

Prosopis sanguinipicta, sp. 0.

3 .—Length about 54 mm.

Rather robust; black, marked with ferruginous (on abdo-

men) and deep chrome-yellow ; head round, orbits converging

below, but face quite broad; cheeks and anterior coxe

tufted with long pure white plumose hairs; mandibles,

labrum, entire face below level of antennz, swollen extension

of supraclypeal mark between antenne, and very broad

upward extension of lateral marks (reaching nearly to level

of anterior ocellus) all shining (as if newly painted) rich

yellow ; depressed lower part of supraclypeal area appearing

as a shining crescent, the concavity upward; clypeus finely

—— eS ee ee eee

_—

Records of Bees. 55

punctured, sides of face more coarsely ; a pale yellow band

along posterior orbits ; scape thick, black above, ferruginous

below; flagellum light ferruginous, strongly dusky above ;

mesothorax dullish, microscopically tessellate and shallowly

punctate ; scutellum and postscutellum black ; tubercles and

two short lines on upper border of prothorax yellow; coxe

and trochanters marked with pale yellow; femora black, the

anterior and middle ones yellow in front, and apically above ;

anterior tarsi yellow, the others blackish, with light base ;

tegule small, rufo-testaceous. Wings dusky hyaline, ner-

vures and stigma reddish-sepia ; first r.n. meeting first t.-c.,

second joining second s.m. near apex. Abdomen broad,

shallowly emarginate at apex; first segment red dorsally

and along hind margin laterally ; second segment with a

reddish median patch.

Hab. Yallingup, S.W. Australia, Sept. 14-Oct. 31, 1913

(R, £. Turner). Brit. Museum.

A very distinct species, running in my table of Australian

Prosopis to the vicinity of P. rufipes, Sm., but easily known

from this and allied species by the deep yellow face-marks.

Gnathoprosopis rowlandi, sp. n.

3 .—Length about 5 mm.

Black, with yellow markings, largely reddened by cyanide

in the type ; face much narrower than in G. hackeri, wholly

pale (light tan, but probably originally pale yellow) below

antennz, the lateral marks extending above with much the

form of a hand with index-finger pointed (asin G. euxantha) ;

scape very broad, dark above, wholly lemon-yellow below ;

cheeks wholly black; flagellum ferruginous beneath; pro-

thorax with the thickened upper margin and the tubercles

red, but evidently originally bright yellow; no other yellow

on thorax; mesothorax extremely finely punctured. Legs

yellow, with the coxe and trochanters, the hind femora, and

the other femora basally above, black ; hind tarsi blackened

apically ; tegule piceous, with a rufous spot. Wings dusky

hyaline, stigma and nervures fuscous ; first r.n. meeting

first t.-c. Abdomen broad, shining, finely punctured ; third

ventral segment with a pair of well-developed tubercles, but

no ridge between.

Hab. Yallingup, S.W. Australia, Sept. 14—-Oct. 31, 1913

(R. EL. Turner). Brit. Museum.

Allied to G. bituberculata (Sm.), but differing in various

details of coloration. Also allied to G. ewxantha (CkIl.),

56 Descriptions and Records of Bees.

from which it is known by the swollen scape and other

characters, The mesothorax is much more finely punctured

than in @. hacker’, Ckll.

Prosopis distractus, sp. n.

3 .—Length 6 mm. or slightly over.

Rather robust ; black, with yellow markings (all turned

red by cyanide in type); head broad for a Prosopis, the eyes

little converging below ; mandibles yellow, rather long, con-

spicuously bidentate at end ; labrum yellow ; a short indis-

tinct yellow line on posterior orbital margin ; face all yellow

to level of antennze, and lateral face-marks extending broadly

upwards, then narrowing to a point on orbital margin above

middle of front; clypeus broad, not especially high as in

species of Gnathoprosopis, finely punctured; supraclypeal

area large and long, depressed and shining, at its upper mar-

gin slightly elevated and bigibbous; upper extension of

lateral face-marks shining and swollen; scape light in front,

not swollen; flagellum light ferruginous beneath ; meso-

thorax and scutellum dullish, microscopically tessellate and

excessively minutely punctured; greater part of tubercles

and slender interrupted line on upper border of prothorax

yellow ; no other yellow on thorax ; thorax with an obtuse

tubercle on each side beneath, in front of middle legs. Legs

black, with the following parts yellow :—anterior cox and

their trochanters beneath, small marks on hind cox, ante-

rior femora beneath and at apex, middle and hind femora at

apex, anterior tibize except a stripe behind, longitudinal band

and ends of middle tibiw, basal third of hind tibia, anterior

tarsi, and basal part of middle and hind basitarsi ; tegule

ferruginous, with a yellow spot. Wings dusky hyaline,

nervures and stigma dark sepia; first r.n. entering base of

second sm. Abdomen thick, moderately shining; third

ventral segment with a strong transverse curved ridge, con-

vex caudad, the ends not elevated into distinct tubercles.

Hab. Yallingup, Sept. 14-Oct. 81, 1913 (R. £. Turner).

Brit. Museum.

Runs in my table nearest to P. bituberculata, which is a

Gnathoprosopis. It is a singular species, with some of the

characters of Gnathoprosopis, yet certainly to be excluded

from that genus.

Euryglossa nubilipennis, sp. n.

9 —Length about 9 mm.

Robust ; head, thorax, and legs black; first three abdo-

On new Nasua, Lutra, and Proechimys. 57

minal segments red, clouded with blackish, the first segment

broadly dark basally, and dark apically except at sides,

leaving on each side a transverse bright ferruginous subapical

stripe, second segment with the posterior middle (broadest at

centre) dark, third with a dark green band just before the

dark fuscous marginal depressed portion ; fourth and following

segments dark green, with piceous apical margins, the fourth

suffusedly reddish at lateral base; flagellum dull red

beneath ; tegule piceous. Wings somewhat dilute reddish

fuliginous, nervures and the rather small stigma dark

fuscous. Head broad; clypeus shining, with distinct but

sparse punctures, the middle almost impunctate ; mesothorax

shining, irregularly punctured, very densely at sides, very

sparsely on dise; scutellum with strong irregular punctures,

and very minute ones between ; area of metathorax shining,

with an obtuse transverse ridge; the thin hair of thorax is

mostly white, but greyish brown on vertex, and also brown,

but very scanty, on mesothorax and scutellum ; lower side of

first s.m. strongly arched; second s.m. much broader (longer)

than high, receiving the recurrent nervures not far from base

and apex. Hind legs without any distinct pollen-collecting

hairs; hind spur strongly pectinate. Abdomen _ broad,

shining, very sparsely punctured; fifth segment with con-

spicuous black hair.

Hab. Mt. Wellington, S. Tasmania, Jan. 15—-Feb. 6, 1913

(Rk. £. Turner). Brit. Museum.

Easily known from the species which it more or less

resembles in the colours of the abdomen by the very dark

wings.

VIlIl.— New Nasua, Lutra, and Proechimys from South

America. By Ouprirtp THomas.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Nasua judex, sp. n.

NV. dorsalis group. Sides tipped with fulvous, back

obscurely dark-lined.

Size and skull-characters about as in N. dorsalis and

candace, to the latter of which the new form is most nearly

allied. General colour dark greyish, the tips of the

longer hairs bright fulvous. Middie line of back darker,

the hairs tipped with black, the darker area less marked

58 Mr. O. Thomas on new Nasua, Lutra, and

and broader—covering the whole breadth of the neck—

anteriorly, narrowing and becoming a defined blackish

line posteriorly. Under surface as in N. candace, the throat

and chest dull buffy whitish, the belly mixed brown and

buffy. Head grey, the hairs grizzled black and white, the

grizzling becoming coarser posteriorly and passing into the

grey-ringed, broadly black-tipped hairs of the nape. Eyes

with marked black patches. Ears black, their upper edge

whitish. Forearms and metacarpus pale buffy, as in

N. candace, digits brown. Hind feet brown mixed with

pale buffy. Tail with about eight black and whitish rings.

Skull, allowing for differences due to age, apparently

quite like that of the type of JV. candace.

Hind foot of type 81 mm.

Skull: greatest length 124; zygomatic breadth 53 ;

interorbital breadth 25; breadth of brain-case 45; palatal

length 74; palatal foramina 5 ; combined length of p* and

two molars 19°3; breadth of p* 5:8.

Hab. Bogota.

Type. Subadult male. B.M. no. 44.1.18.13. Purchased

of Parzudaki.

This Nasua is clearly most nearly allied to the Medellin

NV. candace, agreeing with that species and differing from

N. dorsalis by its buffy forearms. It differs, however, by

its grey head and blacker mesial dorsal area.

? Nasua quichua jivaro, subsp. n.

Like true guichua, but larger.

Coloration essentially as in guichua, the grey patches on

the anterior flanks behind the shoulders similarly developed,

and rendered more prominent by the rufous colour of the

back extending on to the nape between them. Colours of

head rather darker and richer, the crown strong fulvous

instead of buffy, divided mesially by black; muzzle darker ;

light patches above and below eyes smaller and less con-

spicuous. Back and tailrich ferruginous, the latter obscurely

ringed with black. Belly darker, the longer hairs mostly

tipped with fulvous or buffy instead of whitish.

Skull decidedly larger throughout than in quichua, the

muzzle heavier, the forehead higher and more convex, the

brain-case larger, rounder, more inflated.

Top of skull more heavily crested in the oldest example

than in the type of guichua, though the latter has more worn

teeth. Postorbital processes, on the other hand, less deve-

loped.

Proechimys from South America. 59

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 5635 mm.; tail 405; hind foot 83 ;

ear 32.

Skull: greatest length 121; condylo-basal length 110;

zygomatic breadth 64°7; interorbital breadth 25 ; breadth

of brain-case 42°7 ; palatal length 71; combined length of

p* and the two molars 19; breadth of p* 5:6.

Hab. Oriente of Ecuador. Type from Gualaquiza. Alt.

2500’.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 14. 4. 25.39. Original

number 294. Collected 23rd November, 1913, by Gilbert

Hammond. Presented by Oldfield Thomas. Four skins

with skulls, and two separate skulls.

Closely similar as this animal is externally to WV. qguichua,

the uniform difference in the size of the skull indicates that

it should have a special name. Three adult skulls measure

in condylo-basal length, $115, 110, 2? 110, as compared with

106°5 in a very old male of guichua. The combined length

of the three last teeth in the latter is only 17:5, and the

breadth of the carnassial 5:1. The type-locality of VV. quichua

is Jima, on the other side of the Eastern Cordillera, at an

altitude of about 8000’.

A very pale Nasua, obtained by Mr. M.G. Palmer in

1910 at Bajos on the Rio Pastasa, is evidently a semi-

albino of this form. Its skull measures 114 mm. in condylo-

basal length.

Lutra parilina, sp. n.

L. platensis group. Nose-pad naked, sharply defined,

projected backwards above.

Most nearly allied to L. emerita, with which it agrees in

having the nose-pad entirely naked, sharply defined above

and below, and with the middle part of the upper edge pro-

jected backwards. But the projection is much broader and

more strongly marked, not a mere small point, but a broad

angular prominence, almost recalling the still more strongly

triangular point of L. canadensis. Colours and other external

characters as in L. emerita, a small yellowish patch on the

chest of the type.

Skull with very narrow interorbita] region, much narrower

than in an L. emerita of similar age.

Upper carnassial slightly larger than in L. emerita, and

its inner lobe broader, extending backwards nearly to touch

the front edge of the molar.

60 On new Nasua, Lutra, and Proechimys.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 570 mm.; tail 423; hind foot 102;

ear 17.

Skull: condylo-basal length 102; zygomatic breadth 64 ;

nasals, length on middle line 12°5, least breadth 5°5 ;

interorbital breadth 19°7; tip to tip of postorbital pro-

cesses 23°5; mastoid breadth 63; combined breadth of

incisors 11°3; p*, length on outer edge 13, front angle to

back of inner lobe 11.

Hab. Western Ecuador. Type from St. Juan, 15 miles

W. of Huigra. Alt. 870’.

Type. Subadult female. B.M. no. 14, 4. 24.15. Original

number 210. Collected 12th August, 1913, by Gilbert

Hammond. Presented by Oldfield Thomas.

This otter is most nearly allied to the Merida ZL. emerita,

but differs by its more angularly projected nose-pad, its

narrower interorbital region, and its slightly larger car-

nassial.

Proechimys centralis colombianus, subsp. n.

Essential characters of P. centralis; hamular process

broadly spatulate as in that species, not narrow as in

P. xantheolus.

General colour above dark fulvous chestnut, rather richer

and more rufous than in P. ¢. chiriquinus ; quite different

from the pale and more sandy colour of P. c. panamensis.

Head and back heavily lined with black. Under surface

pure sharply defined white. Hands and feet uniformly pale

brown. ‘Tail heavily haired, black above, rather paler below,

but not strongly contrasted.

Skull most like that of P. c. panamensis, agreeing with it

in the tendency to the occasional obsolescence of the middle

part of the parietal ridges, and thus resembling P. wanthe-

olus. In P. c. chiriquinus, on the other hand, the ridges are

heavily developed throughout. Supraorbital ledges broad,

but not so thickened as in P. c. panamensis. Hamular

processes of pterygoids broadly spatulate.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 260 mm.; tail 160; hind foot 51 ;

ear 23.

Skull: greatest length 59°7 ; condylo-incisive length 48°5 ;

zygomatic breadth 26°5; nasals 22, tip of nasals to back

of premaxillary processes 20°5, interorbital breadth 13:5,

greatest breadth on ridges 23; interparietal 8°2x11°8;

palatilar length 21:7; breadth of hamular processes 2°2 ;

cheek-tooth series 10.

On some undescribed Cicadidee. 61

Hab. Condoto, Choco, W. Colombia. Alt. 300’.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 14. 5. 28. 23. Original

number 335. Collected 17th January, 1914, and presented

by Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell.

This Proechimys would seem to be referable to P. centralis,

and, by the lightness and partial obsolescence of the parietal

ridges, to be most nearly allied to P. c. panamensis, from

which, however, it differs by its conspicuously richer and

stronger colour and its darker tail. In the interruption of

its parietal ridges it approaches the Bogota species P. 2anthe-

olus, but is readily distinguishable by its broader hamular

processes.

1X.—Some undescribed Cicadidee. By W. L. Distant.

Platypleura gowdeyi, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum virescent ; front with a

convex transverse fascia, vertex with a small spot near each

anterior angle, a transverse fascia between the eyes, which

is centrally broadened and encloses the ocelli, and some

small spots on each side before the eyes, black; pronotum

with a central longitudinal fascia—enclosing an ochraceous

spot—and the fissures black; mesonotum with four ob-

conical spots, the two central ones smallest, and a central

lanceolate spot black with interior ochraceous markings, two

rounded black spots before each anterior angle of the basal

cruciform elevation ; abdomen above black, greyishly pilose,

the apical segment greyishly tomentose ; body beneath and

legs thickly greyishly pilose, the ground-colour more or less

ochraceous, and the tibiz somewhat castaneous; tegmina

opaque, finely pilose, greyish with darker markings and

mottlings, a distinct black fascia crossing radial area and

fourth ulnar area, and the transverse veins at the bases of

apical areas and apical and subapical marginal series of spots

black ; wings ochraceous, the apical margins, not entering

abdominal area and continued from apex for about half

across disk, black, the extreme posterior margin near abdo-

minal area greyish; face broadly centrally longitudinally

sulcate, the transverse ridges prominent; rostrum passing

the posterior cox ; opercula in ¢ short, broad, centrally

slightly overlapping, not passing base of abdomen, their

posterior margins rounded.

62 Mr. W. L. Distant on

Long. excl. tegm. 16 mm.; exp. tegm. 53 mm.

Hab. Uganda; Entebbe (C. C. Gowdey) ; Brit. E. Africa,

Yala River, S. edge Kakumga Forest, 4800-5300 ft. (S. A.

Neave, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to the South African species P. wahlbergi, Stal.

Pycna baxteri, sp. n.

?. Head and pronotum dull ochraceous; a transverse

waved line on front, another on vertex between eyes and

enclosing the ocelli, a central fascia to pronotum which is

widened anteriorly, medially and posteriorly, the fissures,

and narrow lateral and posterior margins, black; mesonotum

castaneous, the posterior area thickly closely greyishly

pilose, a central black longitudinal fascia and a black spot

near each anterior angle of the basal cruciform elevation ;

abdomen above black, a broad subapical transverse greyish-

white fascia, the anal appendage dull ochraceous with a

black spot on each side, an elongate, central, basal casta-

neous spot; body beneath and femora ochraceous, central

sulcation to face, two basal and two apical spots to clypeus,

black ; tibiz and tarsi castaneous, two small black spots on

apical segment and linear black markings on abdominal

appendage ; tegmina greyish opaque for about basal half,

remaining area hyaline, prominently spotted with brownish,

two spots near base, crossing costal membrane and radial

area, a large spot just beyond apex of radial area, an oblique

angulated macular fascia at commencement of hyaline area

and extending about half way across tegmen, and a double

series of small apical marginal spots; wings black from

base to about middle, remaining area hyaline, a greyish

spot at apex of abdominal area; head including eyes only

about two thirds the width of base of mesonotum ; pronotal

lateral margins ampliate and angulate, the angular apices

only reaching base of basal cell of tegmina; tegmina with

the costal margin prominently arched at base and dilated,

broader than costal area; pronotum posteriorly strongly

transversely wrinkled; rostrum passing the posterior cox,

Long. excl. tegm., 2, 30 mm.; exp. tegm. 96 mm.

Hab. German East Africa; Mamboya (Dr. E. J. Baxter,

Brit. Mus.).

Burbunga aterrima, sp. ni.

?.. Body above black ; anterior lateral margins of vertex

of head, posterior margin of pronotum, narrow margins of

two obscure obconical spots to mesonotum and cruciform

some undescribed Cicadidee. 63

elevation to same, exposed margins of metanotum and

posterior abdominal segmental margins, ochraceous ; head

beneath and sternum black, more or less greyishly tomentose;

a longitudinal spot at apex of face, anterior lateral margins

of vertex, sternal segmental margins and lateral areas

to same, base of rostrum, posterior segmental margins to

abdomen, and inner lateral areas of anal segment ochra-

ceous; legs and rostrum piceous, coxze, trochanters, and

apices of femora ochraceous ; ; tegmina and wings hyaline,

the venation blackish, in places ochraceous ; teemina with

the vein above radial area and the greater part of the

veins defining clavus ochraceous, basal cell castaneous ;

bead with the front strongly conically projecting, vertex

profoundly wrinkled and sulcate between ocelli; pronotum

with the fissures profound, posterior area finely transversely

wrinkled ; rostrum about reaching the posterior trochanters ;

body more or less finely pilose, “and in parts cretaceously

tomentose.

Long. excl. tegm., 9, 20 mm.; exp. tegm. 62 mm.

Hab, N.W. Australia; Cue (H.W. Brown, Brit. and Syd-

ney Muss.).

Pauropsalta fuscomarginatus, sp. n.

Head black slightly mottled with brownish, ocelli red ;

pronotum brown, a central fascia and the margins ochra-

ceous, margins of the central fascia, the fissures and a

posterior submarginal line black; mesonotum brownish-

ochraceous with four black obconical spots, the two central

spots very short, the lateral spots long and percurrent, a

small black spot near each anterior angle of the basal cruci-

form elevation ; abdomen above black, the tympanal orifices

and subposterior segmental margins pale castaneous, the

extreme posterior margins greyish; body beneath somewhat

thickly greyishly pilose, abdomen beneath with a broad

central longitudinal black fascia ; tegmina and wings hyaline,

the first with the veins and the postcostal area virescent,

the costal membrane ochraceous, the base very narrowly

pale testaceous, apical margins of the first, second, and fourth

ulnar areas, and the apical margins of the apical areas more

or less broadly infuscate ; wings with the veins black, mar-

gins of the abdominal\ area brownish-ochraceous ; vertex

broadly suleate between the ocelli; pronotum moderately,

centrally longitudinally impressed ; face centrally sulcate

for about two-thirds ite length, rostrum reaching the in-

termediate coxe; ope”*gla in g short, broad, somewhat

64 On some undescribed Cicadide.

oblique, not passing base of abdomen nor meeting internally,

abdominal margins beneath strongly, laminately raised ;

wings with five apical areas.

Long. excl. tegm., ¢, 16 mm.; exp. tegm. 44 mm.

Hab. New South Wales; 540 miles west from Sydney ;

open scrub country (Walter W. Froggatt, Brit. and Sydney

Muss.).

Seo, Cicada, away from the river, living on the roots

of scrub trees” (W.W. F.).

Pauropsalta mixta, sp. n.

Head black, ocelli red, at base between the ocelli a small

ochraceous spot ; pronotum brownish-ochraceous, the sub-

basal margin and two central longitudinal lines black,

extreme basal and anterior margins pale ochraceous; meso-

notum black, the basal cruciform elevation and a spot in

front of each of its anterior angles ochraceous; abdomen

above black, greyishly pilose, the tympanal cavities and

posterior margins of the segments ochraceous; body beneath

black, greyishly pilose ; lateral margins and a central ante-

yior spot to face, coxal margins, longitudinal streaks to

femora, apices of femora, bases and apices to tibiz, lateral

areas of sternum, opercula—excluding bases—and lateral

marginal areas of abdomen beneath, ochraceous or greyish

ochraceous ; tegmina aud wings hyaline, venation black or

fuscous, tegmina with the costal membrane pale ochraceous,

the postcostal area fuscous; vertex distinctly sulcate between

the ocelli; pronotum about as long as head, the fissures

well pronounced ; abdomen attenuated posteriorly ; face

centrally broadly suleate, the sulcation scarcely extending

beyond middle, transverse striations distinct ; rostrum reach-

ing the intermediate cox ; opercula in g small, not passing

base of abdomen, inwardly well separated, posteriorly

rounded; lateral marginal areas of abdomen beneath lami-

nately reflexed ; tegmina only a little more than twice as

long as broad; wings with five apica! areas.

Long. excl. tegm., ¢, 10 millim.; exp. tegm. 24 mm.

Hab. N.S. Wales; Breewarrina District (W. W. Frog-

gatt, type Brit. Mus.).

Allied to P. dubia, Godd. & Frogg.

«<A scrub Cicada, away from the river, living on the roots

of scrub trees” (W. IW. F.).

Pauropsalta signat,,, sp. n.

g. Head black, front with a spdvs at apex, base, and on

On Two new Cyprinodont Fishes. 65

each lateral margin ochraceous; pronotum ochraccous,

anterior and posterior margins palely ochraceous, a broad

central longitudinal fascia and the fissures black; meso-

notum black, with two central longitudinal fascie—narrowed

anteriorly, medially inwardly widened and posteriorly in-

wardly excavated—and a spot on each side of basal cruciform

elevation ochraceous; abdomen above black, the tympanal

cavities and posterior segmental margins ochraceous ; body

beneath and legs black; lateral margins and a central

anterior longitudinal fascia to face, coxal streaks, apices of

femora and streaks to same, tibize—excluding spots and

apices—ochraceous; opercula, lateral and posterior seg-

mental margins to abdomen beneath, greyish-ochraceous,

the lateral margins with dark spots ; tegmina hyaline, vena-

tion black, costal membrane and upper vein to claval area

greyish, postcostal area infuscated ; wings hyaline, basal

venation greyish, outer venation pale ochraceous ; vertex

prominently sulcate between the ocelli ; pronotum about as

long as head; face finely, narrowly sulcate for about half

its length; rostrum reaching the intermediate cox ; oper-

cula in g small, directed inwardly but with their apices

well separated, not passing base of abdomen, their bases

black ; abdémen beneath with its lateral margins laminately

reflexed ; tegmina about two and a half times as long as

broad ; wings with five apical areas.

Long. excl. tegm., g, 104 mm. ; exp. tegm. 26 mm.

Hab. N.W. Australia; Cue (H.W. Brown, Brit. and Sydney

Muss.).

Allied to P. stigmatica, Dist.

X.—Descriptions of Two new Cyprinodont Fishes from

Mexico, presented to the British Museum by Herr A.

Rachow. By C. Tare Ree@an, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

HETEROPHALLUS, gen. nov.

Closely related to Gambusia, differing only in the some-

what different structure of the intromittent organ. The first

prolonged ray is shorter than the second and third, and its

distal segments have not the characteristic Gambusia struc-

ture, but are formed as in Belonesox; the hooks or spines at

Ann. & May. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 5

66 On Two new Cyprinodont Fishes.

the end of the third and the posterior branch of the second

prolonged rays are small, also as in Belonesox, but the ante-

rior branch of the second has the “‘ elbow” seen in all the

species of Gambusia.

Heterophallus rachovit, sp. n.

Depth of body 3 to 34 in the length, length of head 4.

Diameter of eye 3 in the length of head, interorbital width 2.

30 scales in a longitudinal series. Dorsal 7, entirely behind

anal; origin twice as distant from snout (@) or eye (?) as

from base of caudal; fin rather elevated, in males reaching

to within a short distance of the caudal when laid back.

Extremity of intromittent organ of A. Heterophallus rachovit,

B, Gambusia yucatana.

The first, second, and third prolonged rays are numbered 1, 2, 3,

Anal 10; free edge straight or a little convex. Pectoral as

long as head. Caudal rounded. Olivaceous; a dark line

along side of body; dorsal with a dusky intramarginal

band,

Vera Cruz.

Six specimens (3 g, 3 2) up to 35 mm. in total length.

On the Local Races of some Canarian Lizards, 67

Gambusia yucatana, sp. n.

Depth of body 22 to 3 in the length, length of head 3} to

35. Diameter of eye 3} to 34 in the length of head, inter-

orbital width about 2. 28 scales in a longitudinal series.

Dorsal 7-9; origin above posterior end of base of anal ( ? ),

equidistant from head and base of caudal (¢) or nearer

caudal (2); longest rays 4 length of head. Anal 11; first

and second branched rays somewhat produced, free edge

emarginate (?). Pectoral ? length of head or more,

extending to above origin of anal. Caudal rounded or sub-

truneate. Least depth of caudal peduncle ? length of head,

A dark bar below eye ; series of small dark spots along rows

of scales on upper part of body; dorsal and caudal fins

spotted,

Progreso, Yucatan.

Four specimens (2 ¢, 2 2) up to 50 mm. in total length.

This species is closely related to G. nicaraguensts, but has

a larger head and the dorsal fin further forward. The intro-

mittent organ differs considerably in structure from that of

males of G. nicaraguensis from Southern Mexico (ef. P. Z. 8.

19138, p. 983, fig. 168, A) ; males from Lake Nicaragua have

not yet been described,

XI. — Preliminary Notes on the Local Races of some

Canarian Lizards, By Casar R. Bortreer and

LORENZ Mier.

THE material on which the following notes are based was

collected by myself in 1913 on the Canary Islands, and was

worked out together with Prof. L. Miller. A more detailed

account of the Canarian Lizards, containing all described

species, accompanied by coloured plates, is in preparation.

For the present, it has seemed useful to give a preliminary

account of the more noteworthy points, together with dia-

gnoses of some new local races of Lacerta galloti, Dum. et

Bibr. We have to thank Hofrat Dr. Steindachner, at

Vienna, for having sent us for comparison some lizards of

O. Simony’s collection, preserved in the Hofmuseum.

CasSArR R. BoErtcer.

I.—Lacerra eartorr, Dum. et Breer.

In working out the material of ZL. gallott, Dum. et Bibr.,

before us, it became at once apparent that each of the islands

68 _ Messrs. C. R. Boettger and L. Miiller on

where this species occurs is inhabited by a well-marked

geographical race or subspecies. We first give a rather

accurate description of Lacerta galloti galloti, and then

differential diagnoses of the new subspecies.

Lacerta galloti gallot’, Dum. et Bibr.

Lacerta galloti, A. M. C. Duméril et G. Bibron, Erpétologie générale,

tome v. (Paris, 1839), pp. 238-240.

Type-locality. Island of Tenerife.

Proportions. General body-form stout ; head large, its

length somewhat more than } of the length of head and

body, moderately flattened; with the cheeks very broad.

Snout slender, rounded in front. Neck slightly constricted

in front of shoulders; rump broad, moderately flattened ;

limbs strong. Length of fore limb about 3, of hind limb

about 3, of tail about twice that of head and body.

Scales. Rostral not in contact with nostril. Only post-

nasal in contact with first and second supralabial. 5 of the

8 supralabials in front of subocular. Fronto-nasal as long as

broad, usually shorter than prefrontals; preefrontals 14 to

12 as long as broad. Frontal very variable in size and shape,

its length- sometimes equal to breadth, but sometimes even

1$ to 12 of it; anterior angle pointed or obtuse, always

shorter than its distance from rostral. Fronto-parietals 14

to 12 as long as broad. Parietals 14 to 12 as long as broad,

as long or somewhat longer than distance of frontal from

snout. §Interparietal generally smail. Occipital very

variable in shape and size; in some-specimens it is much

larger than the interparietal, in others equal to it, its length

being sometimes equal to the breadth, but sometimes much

longer. In some specimens the lower margin of occipital is

as broad as frontal, in others half its breadth, &c. 4 supra-

oculars, the two central ones largest, separated from the

supraciliaries by a well-defined series of granules. Orbit

surrounded by a ring of small shields, the anterior and

inferior ones are very small, whereas the posterior 3 or 4 are

large. The uppermost of these four shields, which is the

largest, is in contact with the last supraciliary and the last

supraocular. Behind these four shields there are three, of

which the lowermost, which touches the subocular and the

seventh supralabial, is the largest; the uppermost, which

sometimes extends to the lower parietal margin, is the

smallest. Lower parietal margin bordered by 5 supra-

temporals—rarely 4 or 6. Temporal scales small, the upper

rounded or polygonal ones usually smaller than the lower

Sa hl CULT TT lU€ee -—

he cae

BEA Clie behets Salvi 6 Were 6) MO a wearers

the Local Races of some Canartan Lizards. 69

oblong ones ; all not keeled. Masseteric usually broad, now

and then replaced by two or three smaller shields, rarely

entirely absent. <A large, oblong, tympanic, upper margin of

ear-opening always present. 7 sublabials. Behind the

symphysial 5 pairs of large chin-shields, followed by another

pair, which is usually small, but now and then quite well

developed. As a rule, only the shields of the two anterior

pairs in contact with one another. Collar with very slightly

or slightly serrated edge, composed of 9 to 15 shields.

Gular fold always visible, generally very distinct. 35 to 45

scales in one line between collar and third pair of chin-

shields. Dorsal scales small, roundish-rhomboidal, flat on

sides of body, keeled in the middle of back. Between the

individual scales there are minute granules, which never form

complete rings round the dorsal scales as in Lacerta simonyi,

Steind., but are limited to their anterior and_ posterior

margins. 87-106 scales across the middle of the body, but

usually less than 100. 3 to 4 lateral scales correspond to

to the length of one ventral shield. Ventrals in 12 to 14

longitudinal and 29-31 transverse series. Laterally of the

ventrals there are always large lateral scales; now and then

the lateral scales gradually pass into the ventrals. here-

fore, all the shields which are less than 3 of a normal ventral

are not counted as such.

Differentiation of ventrals variable. Shields of the first

transverseseries decidedly longerthan broad. Pectoral triangle

always well developed ; shape of ventrals of the different

series different. Shields of the two median series as long as

broad, the two following on the right and left distinctly

broader than long, the extreme lateral ones longer than

broad.

Except the number of the longitudinal series, the differen-

tiation of the ventrals appears to be an important character,

which separates the races of Lacerta galloti, Dum. et Bibr.,

from those of Lacerta simonyt, Steind. It would also seem

that this character is of special importance with regard to

the question which of the two large species of Lacerta in the

western group is more primitive.

Preeanal hexagonal, usually broader than long, about 4 of

the breadth of anal opening, surrounded by 2 (rarely 3)

semicircles of small plates.

Forearm with two, upper arm with one series of broad

shields ; anterior surface of thighs and lower legs also with

a series of transverse plates. The differentiation of the

scales has gone further here than in Lacerta simony?, Steind.,

in which there are no broad shields at all on the upper arm,

70 Messrs. O. R. Boettger and L. Miiller on

and those on the thigh are less perfectly developed than

in Lacerta galloti, Dum. et Bibr. Scales of outer surface

of lower leg distinctly keeled and smaller than those of back.

24 to 31 femoral pores.

Caudal shields long and narrow, truncated behind; dis-

tinctly keeled on upper side of tail, less so below, especially

at base of tail, where it is often scarcely visible.

Colour. Very variable.

Female and young specimens usually with more or less

well-defined longitudinal light and dark lines and stripes.

In the usually olive-brown or greyish-brown young and

female specimens, the dark dorsal zone is generally bordered

on each side by a paler dorso-lateral one. ‘There may be or

not two dark longitudinal stripes from the posterior parietal

margin to base of tail, which are variable as regards breadth

and distinetness ; accordingly the pale dorso-lateral zone is

more or less sharply set off from the median dark one.

Pale dorso-lateral zone strongly constricted occasionally,

especially at neck, where colour becomes lighter and more

intense. In this case it forms a pale stripe, which sometimes

extends to the hips, but usually becomes, by and by, broader

and indistinct on rump. Below pale dorso-lateral zone a

well-marked dark lateral band, followed below by another

pale zone. Between the last and the ventrals there is a

further dark zone. Sometimes the lower pale zone is

varrowed to a well-defined stripe. In many young speci-

mens there is a short, often interrupted stripe from orbit to

upper margin of tympanic.

Transverse bands formed of pale spots and lines, which

often fuse to form transverse bars, but are usually separated

from one another by the black areas which surround them.

‘These markings are best developed on the flanks, but often

reach the middle of the back. By the combination of the

transverse and longitudinal markings a great variation in

the style of marking is produced, which will be described

more fully in a forthcoming paper.

In the females there is a row of blue spots in the upper

part of the dark lateral band, and another composed of very

pale spots near the margin of the ventrals,

Under side olive-green, yellowish, or reddish grey, some-

times darker-clouded. Chin and throat with a number—

usually three pairs—of greyish-black stripes, converging

forwards. In many specimens tiere are pale round spots on

a greyish-black ground on the lower part of the sides of

neck.

Old males as variable as old females. The most coimmon

the Local Laces of some Canarian Lizards. ia

colour-phase has a dark rusty-brown rump and bright

greenish-yellow or green transverse bands and spots, which

are best developed on neck and anterior back. ‘This light

green reticulation is developed from the marking of the

young animals; the transverse rows of spots fuse and form

transverse bars and lines, and their colour changes from pale

or yellowish grey to green.

In connection with this process the ground-colour of the

body becomes darker and often nearly, or totally, obliterates

the light areas. The head, neck, and throat become deep

brownish black, chest and belly black, posterior portion of

belly strongly clouded with reddish. Cheeks below tympanic

lighter or darker bluish grey, this colour only slightly ex-

tending to throat. The two rows of blue spots, so strongly

developed in the female, only extend to chest or loins. Now

and then these spots are very large on the shoulders.

In another colour-phase the transverse bands are little or

not developed, the ground-colour being very dark, nearly

black, and the two rows of blue spots more or less distinct

and often the only marking. ‘This style of marking corre-

sponds to that of the local race of Lacerta simony?, Steind.,

inhabiting the Roques of Salmore.

There are all kinds of intergradations between these two

forms, and there are also specimens of a uniform deep brown

colour.

Length of head and body in the two largest measured

specimens: gf 155 mm., ? 126 mm.

Distribution, Island of ‘Tenerife.

Lacerta galloti palme, subsp. n.

Type-locality. Island of Palma.

Type. Munich Museum (Zool. Samml. Miinchen, no. 241/

1913).

This form is smaller than the Tenerife race. The largest

males measured were about as large as medium-sized males

from Tenerife. The structure of the scales is almost exactly

as in Lacerta galloti galloti, Dum. et Bibr. ; the colour, how-

ever, is constantly different. *

¢. The variation is comparatively limited, not by far so

enormous as it is in the typical race. Markings of male

comparatively simple. Bright green spots and transverse

bands, so characteristic of most of the Tenerife specimens,

always entirely absent. Ground-colour of upper side more

or less dark brown with a yellowish or bluish hue. Head,

sides of neck, and anterior portion of rump, also underside of

12 Messrs. C. R. Boettger and L. Miller on

head, neck, and chest deep black. The black colour

gradually becomes lighter posteriorly and, on the sides,

passes through bluish grey into brown and, on the lower

surface, dissolves into a spotting and clouding on a reddish

or bluish-grey ground. Dorsal zone, especially on the

posterior third of rump and base of tail, nearly always traces

of the two dark longitudinal bands often found in the female

of Lacerta galloti galloti, Dum. et Bibr. More or less dis-

tinct traces of a transverse striping only on posterior half of

rump, whereas in Lacerta galloti galloti, Dum. et Bibr., the

strongest striping is always on neck and anterior portion of

rump.

These transverse bars are never green as in Lacerta

galloti gallott, Dum. et Bibr., but are bluish or brownish

grey. ‘l'wo rows of blue spots of variable size and intensity

on sides of body, which are largest on anterior portion of

rump and often almost disappear posteriorly. The blue spots

on the shoulders are always the largest, but never attain the

size and irregular shape often found in the Tenerife form.

A very distinctive character of the male is an enormous

cheek-patch of a bright blue colour, which begins below the

masseteric, which has the same blue colour and extends

anteriorly to the posterior margin of the third pair of gulars,

posteriorly to about midway between collar and gular fold.

Below, the two cheek-patches are merely separated by a

narrow black zone, but even that may be absent. Limbs

lighter or darker brown, hind limbs with generally slightly

developed eye-spots. Lower margin ef every second caudal

ring with lighter spots.

?. By far most of the females with very distinct longi-

tudinal stripes. ‘Transverse stripes only indistinctly developed

and only on posterior back. Iemale and young specimens

with the same gular markings as in Lacerta galloti gallott,

Dum. et Bibr.

Length of head and body in the two largest measured

specimens: ¢ 112 mm., ? 98 mm.

Distribution. Island of Palma.

Lacerta gallott gomere, subsp. n.

Type-locality. Island of Gomera.

Type. Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt (M.), no. 6041, 2 a.

Size and scales. Smaller than Lacerta galloté galloti, Dum.

et Bibr., and Lacerta galloti palme, C. Bttg. et L. Miill. ;

scales slightly different from the typical form. 6 pairs of

large chin-shields, the last pair, which is usually rudimentary

the Local Races of some Canarian Lizards. 73

in galloti and palme, being well developed; number of

ventrals usually less—minimum 10 instead of 12,—galloti and

palme, maximum always below 14.

3. Colour of mals dark. Markings, if at all present,

reduced to longitudinal stripes. Very small light yellow or

grey points, found all over the back, must apparently be

regarded as the last traces of transverse bars. Except these

points and some blue eye-spots, there are no markings on

neck and anterior back ; but there are traces of dark bands

on posterior back and root of tail on a slightly paler ground.

In very dark specimens head and neck are deep black, as is

also lower surface, except that of tail which is reddish grey.

Posterior portion of belly sometimes paler. The two lateral

rows of ventrals with more or less numerous blue spots.

There are also blue spots on the limbs, of which a larger one

on upper arm close behind shoulder and one on thigh are

especially characteristic for this race.

In the lighter specimens, which are clay-coloured, there

are two comparatively narrow dorso-lateral bands from

parietals to root of tail, where they fuse on neck and anterior

back. ‘They are bordered below by a narrow pale stripe.

Lower surface as in the dark specimens.

@. Ground-colour of female greyish to reddish brown.

From superciliaries to first third of tail a yellowish-brown

stripe, which is light and narrow anteriorly, broader and

darker posterior'y, and margined posteriorly on each side by

a narrow brownish-black band, both of which fuse on anterior

fourth of tail. Laterally follows a broad daik lateral band,

margined by a light line, which begins below the auditory

meatus and is only distinct on neck and anterior back. A

light stripe fiom eye across masseteric and upper margin of

auditory meatus, which is broken up into spots in the

temporal region. ‘Throat, chest, and anterior portion of

belly black as in male. Small, round, whitish spots on sides

of neck. Posterior portion of belly lighter, bluish grey.

Flanks with occasional light spots, probably the remains of

transverse bars. Small blue spots at upper end of limbs as

in male,

Young. Colour as in $. Lower surface much lighter,

pale reddish yellow. Throat deep black, with some light

spots on sides of neck.

Length of head and body in the two largest measured

specimens: ¢ 102 mm., 2? 83 mm.

Distribution. Island of Gomera.

74 Messrs. C. R. Boettger and L. Miiller on

Lacerta galloti cesaris, Lehrs *,

Lacerta cesaris, Lehys, Abstract of the Proceedings of the Zoological

Society of London, no, 134, p. 41 (1914).

Type-locality. Island of Hierro.

Very small, even the largest specimens not larger than

good specimens of Lacerta serpa, Raf. Female and young

specimens with very distinct stripes.

The discovery of a pigmy race of ZL. gallot¢ on Hierro

Island is very striking, the more so as one was inclined to

suppose that it was inhabited by ZL. simonyi, Steind., which,

however, was not procured, and obviously does not occur in

Hierro in our days. ‘This new race proves to be very closely

related to L.g. gomere, from which it has evolved by extreme

specialization. ‘The size has been reduced and the markings

still more developed. ‘The number of scales has also been

reduced, the ventrals being never more than 12, but only 10

in a greater percentage of specimens than in gomere, Maxi-

mum number of scales across middle of body 107. ‘There

are almost no interspersed granules. 6 pairs of large chin-

shields behind symphysial.

As in gomere there are dark males with only small spots

on a brownish-black ground. Blue shoulder-spots minute,

spots on thigh and upper arm well developed. Lower sur-

face, except that of tail, deep black.

Light phase of males also as in gomere, except that the

dark dorso-lateral bands are broader and with light spots and

intervals upon them. Posterior part of belly sometimes

bluish grey.

? much as in gomere; dark bands broader and more

pronounced, generally deep dark brown; light stripes very

light, narrow and well defined almost for their entire length.

Throat and chest always black, belly greyish blue.

Young with light belly, throat always black.

Length of head and body of the two largest measured

specimens: ¢ 82 mm., ? 73 mm.

Distribution. Island of Hierro ; one specimen collected on

the largest of the Roques del Zalmore.

* After this paper had been finished, I received the Abstract of the

Proc. Zool. Soc. of London, May 13th, 1914, where Dr. Lehrs described

the Hierro form of gallot? as a new species, Lacerta cesaris. He based

his investigations on materials collected by myself at Las Lapas in the

Island of Hierro. I do not think it justified to regard this lizard as a

distinct species. Dr. Lehrs did not see how nearly his Lacerta cesaris

comes to the subspecies of Lacerta galloti, especially to Lac. gall. gomere.

I therefore regard c@saris as the Hierro subspecies of Lacerta galloti.

The coloration of cesaris is, in my opinion, not a primitive one, but,

on the contrary, is highly specialized.—C. R, BoETTGEr.

the Local Races of some Canarian Lizards. 75

IL.—Tue Species oF Czarcrpzs OF THE WESTERN

CANARIES.

The specimens of Chalcides from Gran Canaria, of which

Steindachner has described a number of colour-varieties, are

constantly distinguished from typical C. viridanus, Grav., of

Tenerife, Gomera, and Hierro not only by their colour and

markings—which may vary in all of them,—but also by the

proportions of their body. They have not the formless

cylindrical shape and the small head which is not set off

from the neck, nor the short thin limbs, but their head is

larger and thicker, better set off from the neck ; the neck is

longer in proportion to the body and slightly constricted in

front of the shoulders, and the limbs are longer and stouter.

In addition to these habitual characters, the throat and belly

are never black as in typical viridanus. ‘There is, further, a

tendency to develop longitudinal stripes, a character never

observed in any of the numerous specimens of C. viridanus,

Grav., from Tenerife, Gomera, and Hierro.

The Chaleides of Gran Canaria must therefore be regarded

as a separate species, for which the oldest name is Chalcides

sexlineatus, Steindachner.

Chalcides viridanus, Grav.

Gongylus viridanus, J. L. C. Gravenhorst, Verhandlungen der Kaiser-

lichen Leopoldinisch-Carolinischen Akademie der Naturforscher,

15. Band (Breslau und Bonn, 1851), 1 Abtheilung, pp. 348-550,

Tab, xxxv.

Type-locality. Island of Tenerife.

Proportions. Body regular cylindrical, rather slender.

Head small, scarcely set off from neck, moderately high, with

slightly broader cheeks in g, which, however, are always

distinctly narrower than rump. Distance from snout to

auditory meatus 63-7 times contained in that from snout to

anus in ¢, 74-73 in 2. Neck relatively short, indistinctly

set off from rump. Distance from snout to shoulder con-

tained in that trom shoulder to loin twice in ¢, 24 times

in 9. Limbs short and weak, lower leg flattened; length

of fore limb contained in that of head and body at least 54

times in g, 6 times in 2, of hind limb 33-4 times in @,

4> in 3. Tail usually regenerated in adults, in younger

specimens its length is about 14 that of that of head and body.

Scales. Nostril in front of suture between rostral and first

supralabial. Rostral twice as broad as high, concave behind ;

supranasals in contact with one another. Internasal broader

76 Messrs. C. R. Boettger and L. Miller on

than long. Frontai slightly longer than broad ; interparietal

moderately large. Parietals forming a suture behind inter-

parietal. Fifth supralabial below the eye. Lower eyelid

with transparent disc. 4 supraoculars. Parietal bordered

laterally by 2 large supratemporals. Scales in 28-32 longi-

tudinal series.

Colour. Fairly constant. Upperside coppery or olive-

brown, with metal gloss. Sides of neck, rump, tail, and limbs

deep brownish black. Lower surface deep black or bluish

erey, with black centres to the individual scales. Brown

dorsal zone separated from black sides by a slightly paler

longitudinal stripe which occupies two scales in breadth. A

number of small light yellow or metal-greenish spots, with

darker margin, usually placed in 8-9 irregular longitudinal

lines on back.

Length of head and body in the two largest measured

specimens: ¢ 87mm., 2? 89 mm.

Remarks. In most of the specimens from Hierro and

Gomera there is a number of small bluish-white points and

lines in the dark lateral zone; but there are also specimens

without any markings on upper surface and sides, and occa-

sionally these markings are found in animals from Tenerife.

We are therefore not at present prepared to regard the Chal-

cides from Gomera and Hierro as a separate subspecies.

Distribution. Islands of Tenerife, Gomera, Hierro.

Chalcides sexlineatus, Steindachner.

Chaleides viridanus, Grav., var. sealineata, F. Steindachner, Sitzungs-

berichte der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiser-

lichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, C. Band, 1 Abtheilung ( Wien,

1891), pp. 302-304,

Type-locality. Caldera de Tirajana, island of Gran Canaria.

Proportions. More like a Mabuia than a Chaletdes. Rump

cylindrical, flattened above, with well-differentiated head and

neck, in strong contrast to C. viridanus, Grav. Head com-

paratively large, well set otf from neck, rather high and

broad, with very broad cheeks in @, head therefore much

broader than neck and scarcely narrower than rump; head in

? slightly narrower than neck. Distance from snout to

auditory meatus contained in that from snout to anus 53-6

times in @, 53-6 times in 2. Neck rather long and

distinctly set off from rump. Distance from snout to

shoulder contained in that from shoulder to loin 2 timesin ¢,

occasionally .a trifle more in 2. Limbs short but stout,

lower leg not flattened. Length of fore limb contained in

er ee Co

ees be Oe ee ee ee

the Local Races of some Canarian Lizards. 77

that from snout to anus always less than 5 times in ¢ and

2, of hind limb 34-34 times. Tail at most 4 longer than

head and body.

Seales. As a whole, much as in C. viridanus, but the

average number of the longitudinal series of scales larger, up

to 35.

Colour. The most primitive form as regards colour and

markings appears to be the phase called “bistriata” by

Steindachner. Back roe-brown, with light whitish-grey

spots with black margin, arranged in longitudinal rows.

Dorsal zone margined by a narrow light stripe from supra-

ciliaries to base of tail, which is margined with black in many

specimens. Upper half of lateral zone occupied by blackish-

brown band with lighter spots, extending from eye to loin

and base of tail; lower half light, with darker and lighter

spots, so as to form a “ pepper-and-salt” coloration. Limbs

brown, with dark margins to the scales and lighter and

darker spots. ‘Tail brown, with darker median and lateral

zone and indistinct light spotting. Lower surface yellowish

to greenish white, with small grey points on belly. Throat

ochraceous yellow.

Steindachner’s ‘‘ var. nigrescens”? is based on melanistic

specimens of this type.

The “ var. sewlineatus” of Steindachner is most strikingly

marked. Dorso-lateral band deep black, extending from

nostril to base of tail, separated from lateral zone, which is

also deep black, by a narrow light yellow or greyish-white

line. Dorsal zone with 4 narrow yellowish-brown lines.-

Lateral zone divided into a broader upper and narrower

lower portion by a very narrow greyish-white line, extending

from ear across shoulder to loin. A second white line,

margined black on border of lateral and ventral zone on

anterior portion of rump. Limbs brownish, with narrow

blackish margins to the individual seales. Chin and throat

ochraceous yellow ; chest and belly bluish, paler anteriorly,

darker posteriorly. ‘Tail metal-blue, scales of upper sides

margined with black.

Length of head and body in the two largest measured

specimens: ¢ 87 mm., ? 81 mm.

Listribution. Island of Gran Canaria.

)

ILl.— Trenrora pecaranveEr, DuM. ET Bier.

The Geckos of Gran Canaria are a well-characterized race

which has been separated by Steindachner as Yarentola

78 Dr. M Burr— Notes on the Forficularia.

delalandei boettgert. The Geckos of Tenerife, Palma, Gomera,

and Hierro must be included in Tarentola delalandet delalandet,

Dum. et Bibr., although there is a good deal of local varia-

tion ; specimens from ‘Tenerife and Palma are fully identical,

in those from Gomera there occur many in which the dorsal

tubercles are whitish grey ; the Geckos from Hierro are, as

a rule, more different, and more approach TJ. d. boettgeri,

Steind. These differences, however, seem to us to be too

slight to be of subspecific importance.

X11.—WNotes on the Forficularia.—X XII. Notes on the Wing-

venation in the Dermaptera. By Matcotm Burr, D.Sc.,

F.E.S., &c.

[Plates II—-V.]

Tne beauty of the earwig wing has long been a favourite

theme of writers on Natural History, but it was only

so recently as 1911 that any attempt was made to employ

its structure as a taxonomic character. This was in a

chapter in Zacher’s important paper on the genitalia in the

Protodermaptera (‘Studien iiber das System der Protoder-

mapteren,” Zool. Jahrb. xxx. p. 303, 1911), a work which we

shall have occasion to discuss in greater detail elsewhere.

The difficulty of opening and mounting this extremely

delicate organ has been the chief obstacle, but it must be

remembered, too, that very many genera are totally apterous.

Still, it is most probable that very useful characters may be

found in the venation.

The earwig wing resembles that of the Gryllid genus

Tridactylus, and of the Phasmids, in that the anal area is

enormously developed at the expense of their other parts.

In the earwig wing there are five distinct portions.

The marginal area is a small, narrow, acuminate field at

the base of the anterior margin ; it contains no veins.

The sguama is the chitinised portion which usually pro-

trudes from beneath the elytra when at rest, and is generally

of the same texture and coloration as the elytra themselves.

It is narrower at the base and dilated towards the apex.

Beyond the squama, and separated from it by a vertical

hinge, is the lanceolate apical area. These three portions

between them occupy almost the whole of the costal margin

of the wing.

Dr. M. Burr— Notes on the Forficularia. 79

Behind the squama is a clear, almost veinless, field, the

ulnar area, bounded anteriorly by the posterior margin of

the squama, and elsewhere by the strongly curved and pro-

minent ulnar vein.

The whole of the rest of the wing is delicate and mem-

branous ; this is the prominent anal area.

From the apex of the ulnar area there radiate seven

nervures, which extend to the margin of the wing. These

radial nervures are altogether twelve in number, the re-

mainder arising from the more basal portion of the ulnar

vein. Intercalated within these nervures there are in all

nine secondary nervures, which arise midway between the

ulnar vein and the margin: all these are connected by a

spurious vein which runs a short distance inside the pos-

terior margin of the wing, and parallel to it, from the base

to the apex. A little distance inside this spurious vein, each

nervure, both main and secondary, is slightly dislocated by

what may be described as an incipient secondary spurious

vein. About this point each secondary nervure is usually

somewhat chitinised and inflated. The nervures are nearly

all bent at this point.

In the squama there are, according to Zacher, always

three chitinised veins which he provisionally discriminates

by numbers, the first and third forming the anterior and

posterior boundaries of the squama, the third being short,

only extending about a quarter of the total length of the

squama, and straight. In some instances these are con-

nected near the basal portion by a cross-vein. The third

vein sometimes has a sector branching from it into the

ulnar area.

In the apical portion of the latter, an inner branch arises

and is directed towards the base, to meet the apex of the

sector. As arule, these two fail to meet, the ends of each

being obsolete, but in some instances their junction can be

detected under a high power.

The apical area usually has a faint longitudinal vein.

The first eight radial nervures, continuing from the apex

backwards towards the axillary angle, are more or less

straight : sometimes the ninth, always the tenth, eleventh,

and twelfth, are of irregular shape.

When the wing is folded, it shuts like a fan radially about

the starting-point of the nervures, arising at the apex of the

ulnar area; and then again is folded in a plane at right

angles, about the line or hinge which separates the apical

area from the squama,

80 Dr. M. Burr—WNotes on the Forficularia.

OF these features, those to which taxonomic importance

are attached by Zacher are the following :—

Presence or absence of cross-vein connecting the veins of

the squama. :

Presence or absence of sector to third vein of squama.

Presence or absence of internal branch to ulnar vein.

Presence of a “triangular field ’’ (often hairy) at base

of ninth or tenth radial nervures.

Shape of the tenth radial nervure.

To which I add :—

Shape of the ninth and eleventh radial nervures, and

separation or junction at the base of the first and

second radials.

Thus it will be observed that the greater portion of the

wing offers, so far as we can see, few characters of value.

It may here be noted that apparently the wing is in-

variably weaker and more delicate in the more primitive

forms, and stronger in the higher. The veins and nervures

themselves are stronger, and the membrane more visible in

the Eudermaptera. Indeed, in some genera of the Jatter,

the wings are very highly coloured (Plerygida, Allodahlia,

Eudohrnia).

As regards the practical question, I have little tosay. I

detach the wing as carefully as possible with a fine scapel:

all my specimens are mounted for microscopic examination

by Lt.-Col. F. Winn Sampson, and it is with pleasure that

I acknowledge here my very great indebtedness to this

gentleman’s skill and patience, which is rapidly providing

me with a rich material for the study of the genital arma-

ture of earwigs. Incidentally, Colonel Winn Sampson has

prepared for me the few wings, which are the material for

this brief paper. I will only say that rather strong staining

is advisable, more particularly in the case of the paler and

more delicate Protodermaptera, when mounted in Canada

balsam. The veins are more visible if the specimens are

mounted dry.

Omitting for the time being the Paradermaptera, the

wings of which I have not yet studied, the differences in the

venation of the wings in the two main groups are thus pro-

posed by Zacher :—

Protodermaptera: veins of squama with no cross-con-

nection: third vein usually without sector (except in

Labidura) ; ulnar vein usually with inner branch ;

Dr. M. Burr—wNotes on the Forficularia. 81

tenth radial nervure always, ninth usually, with trian-

gular field.

Eudermaptera: veins of squama with cross-connection :

third vein with sector; ulnar vein without inner

branch; triangular field to ninth radial nervure ; the

tenth 4-shaped.

‘We may now proceed to a consideration of the wings of a

few species, and then see to what extent these observations

affect Zacher’s expressions.

PROTODERMAPTERA.

Kalocrania picta, Guér. (PI. III. fig. 1.)

The wing is extremely delicate ; my specimen being un-

stained, the smaller nervures are very obscure, the whole

wing being remarkably transparent and ghost-like.

Both squama and ulnar area are strongly broadened

apicad and narrow basad, Veins of squama with no cross-

communication.

Third vein with no sector.

The inner branch of the ulnar vein is very strong, more

prominent indeed than the ulnar vein itself; soon after its

origin it throws off a short, straight subsidiary branch at

right angles, and then fuses with the ulnar vein at the origin

of the tenth radial nervure, then branching off again to the

base of the wing.

Ninth radial nervure straight.

Tenth Y-shaped.

Eleventh looped.

No pubescence.

The first and second nervures are joined at the base.

Allosthetella malayana, Zacher. (PI. ILI. fig. 2.)

The wing is rather long and narrow. Zacher states that

the first vein of the squama is strong and hairy, the other

two very faint. As I read my specimen, the first is hairy,

the first and third faint, and the second strong. Contrary

to what Zacher says, the inner branch of the ulnar vein does

actually reach, though very indistinctly, the third vein of

the squama and so is confused with the sector. The apex of

the ulnar area, as well as the triangular field of the tenth

nervure, are hairy ; the first and second nervures are joined

at the base.

The ninth neryure is straight, the tenth Y-shaped, and

eleventh looped.

Ann, & Mag. N. List. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 6

32 Dr. M. Burr—WNotes on the Forficularia.

Labidura bengalensis, Dohrn. (Pl. III. fig. 3.)

In the squama I see a fourth vein near the base, very

short; no cross-communication. Third vein with faint

sector; inner branch of ulnar very strong. The first and

second nervures are joined at the base, the eleventh is

looped, as in the two preceding species, but I find two

characters in common with the Eudermaptera : namely, the

ninth radial nervure has a triangular area, 7. e., is strongly

angled, and the tenth is 4-shaped, not Y-shaped.

EuDERMAPTERA.

Labiide.

Marava wallacei, Dohrn. (PI. IV. fig. 4.)

(=grandis, Dubr.)

Here the ulnar area is rather broad, the first and second

radials are separate at the base; the ninth is angled, the tenth

4-shaped, but the fourth very narrow and the eleventh has

an open loop.

Labia annulata (Beauv.). (Pl. IV. fig. 5.)

The wing is rather long and uarrow ; the first and second

radials are separate at the base; the ninth is angled, the

tenth is Y-shaped, and the eleventh has a closed loop.

Chetospania australica, Dubr. (Pl. IV. fig. 6.)

The wing is rather narrow ; the first and second radials

are separate at the base; the ninth is angled at the base;

the tenth is 4-shaped, but the 4 is very narrow, and the

eleventh is not looped.

Forficularide.

Forficula auricularia, lu. (Pl. V. fig. 7.)

To Zacher’s observations I will add that the tenth nervure

is 4-shaped, the eleventh simple, and the ninth angled.

That no part is hairy, that the whole wing is short, broader

and stronger and darker than in the Protodermaptera.

Eparchus insignis, Haan. (PI. V. fig. 8.)

Scarcely differs from the preceding ; the sector is distinct ;

an’ inner branch to ulnar vein is faintly visible in one

specimen.

Dr. M. Burr—WNotes on the Forficularia. §3

Doru lineare, Esch. (Pl. V. fig. 9.)

I cannot see any cross-communication in the squama;

there is a faint but visible inner branch to the ulnar vein;

the ninth nervure is slightly angled, the tenth 4-shaped, and

eleventh simple. The wing is somewhat narrower than in

the two preceding species.

From the meagre material I deduct the following :—

The presence or absence of cross-communication in the

squama is of doubtful constancy and difficult to detect. A

fourth yein may be present in the squama.

The sector of the third vein of the squama and inner

branch of the ulnar vein are one thing, though often in-

distinct in the middle and so divided into two, and that

Zacher overrates the value of this feature. The ninth radial

nervure may be angled, that is, has a triangular field in the

Eudermaptera, but is straight in the Protodermaptera: this

seems to me a better expression.

The first and second radial veins have a common base in

the Protodermaptera, but not in the Eudermaptera.

The ninth radial is straight in Allostethella and Kailocrania,

but angled in Ladidura and in the Eudermaptera.

The tenth radial is Y-shaped in Allostethella and Kalo-

crania, but 4-shaped in Labidura and in the Forficulide ; it

is of intermediate shape in the Labiide, the 4 being so

narrow as to pass insensibly into a Y in some species.

The eleventh radial has a closed loop in the Proto-

dermaptera, but is simple in the Forficulide ; it is of inter-

mediate form in the Labiidz, the loop being actually closed

in Labia annulata.

Thus it will be seen that apparently there is no set of

characters provided by the neuration sharply dividing the

Protodermaptera from the Eudermaptera, but that Labidura

and the Labiidee have some features in common with the

Pygidicranide and Allostethine on one hand, and with the

Forficulidse on the other.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES,

PuatTE III,

Fig. 1. Kalocrania picta, Guér. x 4.

Fig. 2. Allostethella malayana, Zacher. x 6.

A. Marginal area,

B, Squama,

C. Apical area.

D, Ulnar area.

84 Mr. D. M.S. Watson on Pleurosaurus and

E. Anal area.

H. Hinge.

I, II, & IIL. First and second and third veins of squama.

U. Ulnar vein.

1-12. Radial nervures.

V.S. Vena spuria.

T. Triangular area.

Fig. 3. Labidura bengalensis, Dohrn. xX 5.

Puate LV.

Fig. 4. Marava wallacei, Dohrn (= grandis, Dubr.). X 8.

Fig. 5. Labia annulata, Beauy. X 10.

Fig. 6. Chetospania australica, Dubr. X 8.

IPuATE V;

. Forficula auricularia, lL. X 8.

. Eparchus insignis, Haan. xX 6.

. Doru lineare, Esch. xX 6.

c coos

X11I.—Pleurosaurus and the Homologies of the Bones of the

Temporal Region of the Lizard’s Skull. By D. M.S.

Watson, M.Sc., Lecturer on Vertebrate Paleeontology in

University College, London.

[Plate VI.]

In the most primitive known Tetrapod skulls, represented for

us by the Amphibian Pteroplax and the Reptile Seymouria,

there are three bones in the temporal region. The outer of

these is usually much the largest and has the following

relationships :—

It covers a large area on the side of the skull, being

connected by suture with the quadrato-jugal below, the jugal

and postorbital in front, and the intertemporal and ‘ supra-

temporal” above. Its posterior border is bent inwards

below the otic notch, and covers the back of the quadrate ;

finally, this flange unites with the pterygoid in a long suture.

The other two temporal bones lie entirely on the surface,

and come into relationship with no cartilage-bone, unless,

perhaps, the epipterygoid.

Most palzontologists—Broili, Boulenger, Gadow, v. Huene,

Jaekel, for example, amongst those working to-day—call

the outer bone the squamosal, and Broom has recently

been converted to this view; but Case has consistently

called it a prosquamosal, and some other workers object tu its

the Homologies of the Lizard’s Skull. 85

identification with the mammalian bone. I have recently

endeavoured to show by direct tracing from a mammal

down the Therapsid line to the primitive Varanosaurus that

it is really the true mammalian squamosal.

In all the Therapsid reptiles the relations of the squamosal

are very constant.

In all it forms a large part of the border of the temporal

fossa, sending a long process forward on the anterior face

of the parietal which in early types actually meets a similar

backward prolongation of the postorbital. Below the fossa

it sends forward a similar process above and within the jugal

towards the postorbital, which in many early types sends

back a similar process lying above and without the jugal to

meet it. These two processes meet and form the body of

the bone, which has a powerful articulation with the outer

end, and in some cases (e. g., Endothiodon and Diademodon)

with a small area of the anterior face of the paroccipital ;

to the outside of this articulation the bone passes down and

out behind the quadrate. In Varanosaurus the part of the

squamosal which lies below the articulation with the par-

occipital is in contact with the posterior end of the quadrate

ramus of the pterygoid, precisely as in Pteroplar and

Seymouria. In most types, owing to the reduction of the

pterygoid, this no longer happens. When an unreduced

quadrato-jugal is present (Deinocephalia, Dimetrodon), it is

articulated with the outer edge of the quadrate and the

lower edge of the squamosal, and passes forward within and

below the posterior end of the jugal.

So far as I have been able to observe, the directions of

overlap of bones given above are constant for all Therapsids.

In the great majority of Therapsids a tabular is present.

In all cases it lies entirely behind the parietal and squamosal

on the posterior surface of the skull, and commonly reaches

down outside the post-temporal fossa to touch the posterior

upper corner of the end of the paroccipital.

In the skull of Sphenodon (fig. 1 A) there is a single bone

in the temporal region ; the work of Swinnerton and Howes

has shown conclusively that this is really single in origin.

In the adult animal it has the following relationships :—

It forms a large part of the border of the temporal fosse,

sending a long process forward on the anterior face of the

parietal and a similar process forward within the corre-

sponding backward process of the postorbital. A third

ramus passes downwards and forwards along the upper and

inner side of the jugal ; this last ramus covers some of the

front edge of the quadrato-jugal.

86 Mr. D. M. S. Watson on Pleurosaurus and

These three rami meet and form a cap over the top of the

quadrate. The bone in this region has a powerful articula-

tion with the end, and particularly the front face of the

paroccipital—in fact, it sends a special thick process down

the front face of that bone, which (in some specimens at

any rate) actually reaches and touches the distal end of the

A. Temporal region of the skull of Sphenodon, x

B. Temporal region of the skull of Uromastizx, x

bo bo

Jv., jugal; P.O., postorbital; Pr.FR., postfrontal ; Qu., quadrate ;

Qu.J., quadrato-jugal ; Sq., squamosal,

pro-otic. This process separates the head of the quadrate

from the distal end of the paroccipital. Another special

little process runs back along the posterior surface of the

pterygoid wing of the quadrate at the top, and its forward

end has a distinct suture with the pterygoid.

Comparison of this description with that of the squamosal

the Homologies of the Lizard’s Skull. 87

of Therapsids given above will show that it is certain that

the single temporal bone of Sphenodon is really a squamosal,

as, except for the difference due to the presence of a single

temporal fossa in one and two in the other type, the relations

of the two bones are identical.

The quadrato jugal is applied to the outer side of the

quadrate, separated from it largely by the foramen quadrati ;

its anterior border is in connection with the squamosal, and

a small process runs forward within and below the jugal.

In the lizards, except where lost by reduction, there are

two elements in the temporal region. The homologies and

names of these bones have been very much disputed.

The inner bone has been called :—mastoidien, by Cuvier ;

mastoid, by Owen; squamosum, by Gegenbauer, Baur, and

Gaupp; supra-temporal by Parker, Huxley, Cope, and

Boulenger ; and tabular, by Williston and Broom.

The outer bone has been called :—temporal, by Cuvier;

quadrato-jugal, by Owen, Gegeubaur, and Baur: squamosum,

by Parker, Huxley, Cope, Boulenger, Williston, and Broom ;

paraguadrate, by Gaupp.

These lists make no pretence to be complete, or even to

give the changes of opinion of individual authorities, but

give some idea of the conflict of opinion.

The inner bone has the following relations :—

It forms part of the border of the temporal fossa, sending

a process forward along the front of the parietal. The body

of the bone forms a small cap on the head of the quadrate ;

above and within this the bone has a powerful articulation

with the end of the paroccipital, and sends a process forward

along its front face which in Mosasaurs penetrates between

the pro-otic and paroccipital nearly to the labyrinth region.

The outer face of the bone is covered by the lateral temporal

element.

Jt will be seen that this bone has exactly the same relations

to the quadrate, paroccipital, and parietal that the syuamosal

of Sphenodon or a Thesapsid has, a fact which establishes a

strong presumption that it is really a squamosal. If it isa

squamosal, the outer bone must be a quadrato-jugal, for no

other bone ever lies outside the squamosal *.

The lateral bone in Uromastiz (fig. 1 B, Qu.J.) has the

following relations :—It covers a good deal of the outer

* Except, perhaps, in Ichthyosaurus.

88 Mr. D. M. S. Watson on Pleurosaurus and

surface of the squamosal, overlapping its upper border so as

to meet the parietal ; its body is in contact with the head

of the quadrate, and it sends a long process forward, which

lies below and within the jugal. In some lizards the post-

orbital passes backward along the upper edge of the jugal

to meet this bone.

A. Right squamosal of Exdothiodon from behind.

B. Right squamosal of Sphenodon from behind.

C. Right squamosal of Uromastix from behind.

Par., facet for parietal ; Par.Oc., facet for paroccipital; Qu., facet for

quadrate ; Qu.J., facet for quadrato-jugal: 8.Oc., facet for supra-

occipital.

The lateral bone resembles a quadrato-jugal in the

following features :—

Ist. It hes outside the squamosal.

2nd. It connects the quadrate with the jugal.

3rd. Its mode of articulation with the jugal is identical

with that of the undoubted gquadrato-jugal of

Sphenodon.

rer

eee)

ee ee ee eee ee ee eee rer

the Homologies of the Lizard’s Skull. 89

That it is not a squamosal is rendered almost certain by

the facts :—I1st. That it does not touch the paroccipital as

the squamosal does in every known reptile with a skull with

a fenestrated temporal region, and in many Cotylosaurs and

all Chelonia ; and 2nd. That its method of articulation with

the jugal is the exact reverse of that which always occurs

between the squamosal and the jugal.

That the upper temporal bone is not a tabular, as Willis-

ton and Broom believe, is, I think, shown by the following

considerations :—In all reptiles in which a tabular is certainly

known (Cotylosaurs and Therapsids) it lies on the extreme

back of the skull, in the latter group standing vertically

behind the overlapping processes of the squamosal and

parietal. No type is known in which it overlaps the front

face of the outer wing of the parietal. The close relation-

ship of the inner bone of lizards with the end of the par-

occipital, which, in the exaggerated state in which it occurs

in Mosasaurs, was the origin of Williston and Broom’s view,

is of no decisive importance, because of the very close and,

in fact, identical form of connection between the squamosal

and paroccipital in such diverse types as the Therapsids and

Sphenodon. The extension of the squamosal down between

the pro-otic and paroccipital in Mosasaurs seems to me to be

a specialization produced to meet the necessity of strength-

ening the support of the quadrate in very large and powerful

carnivorous animals,

It will be noticed that the view of the homologies of

these bones which I have supported above will necessitate

the belief that the lizards have always had a single temporal

fossa, and that their present curious arrangement results

from the gradual reduction of a formerly broad temporal

arch, the processes culminating in the upward retreat of the

quadrato-jugal, to allow of the freeing of the quadrate.

Williston, from his study of the skull of the remarkable

Early Permian reptile Acroscelis, has expressed his belief

in the primitively one-arched nature of the lizards, and this

view was also held at one time by Baur. The most im-

portant argument against it—the presence in lizards of a

ligament connecting the distal end of the quadrate with the

jugal, which may be plausibly interpreted as representing a

lower arch which has disappeared—may, perhaps, be answered

by pointing out that such a connection is almost a mechanical

necessity for the support of the quadrate, and is hence quite

likely to have been newly formed after the development of

the streptostyly.

90 Mr. D. M. S. Watson on Pleurosaurus and

This view has the great virtue of explaining the structure

of the skull and the systematic position of the two reptiles

from the Lithographic Stone, Sauranodon and Pleurosaurus.

The structure of the skull of these types has hitherto only

Fig. 3.

Restored dorsal aspect of the skull of Plewrosaurus goldfussi, X 1.

Ju., jugal; Lac., lachrymal; Mx., maxilla; Na., nasal; P.Mx., pre-

maxilla; P.O., postorbital; Pr.Fr., prefrontal; Qu., quadrate ;

Qu.J., quadrato-jugal ; Sq., squamosal.

been known from Lortet’s descriptions of the Lyons material ;

these are difficult to follow, and rather vitiated by a pre-

conceived notion that the animals were like Sphenodon. A

the Homologies of the Lizard’s Skull. os

specimen of Pleurosaurus goldfussi, which has been for many

years in the British Museum, has recently been more fully

developed, and now shows in perfect preservation the whole

structure of the upper and lateral surfaces of the skull

err. VI).

The skull is comparatively little crushed for a Solenhofen

Slate specimen, and, although the bones are much cracked,

the sutures are very easily identified. The specimen is a

skeleton lacking the greater part of the tail, and is exposed

from the dorsal surface.

The skull is elongated and depressed, the orbits are large,

as is usual in lizards, and the single temporal fossa rather

small. The length of the head depends on the great pre-

orbital extension, which results in the formation of very

large bony external nares, looking upwards and outwards,

and only separated by narrow processes of the nasals—these

lie very far behind the anterior end.

The physiognomy of the preorbital part of the skull is

very like Varanus, and its structure is as follows :—

The premaxille (P.Mx.) are massive bones, meeting in a

long suture on the dorsal surface, but posteriorly separated

by the nasals. Their anterior ends are depressed, and each

seems to carry one blunt tooth (the exposure of the speci-

men makes this not quite certain). The long outer faces

are covered by the maxillz, and the posterior border forms

the front edge of the external nares. Each bone has a

curious foramen opening into its dorsal surface.

The maxilla (Mx.) is a very large bone. The lower border

is nearly straight, and is shown by other specimens to bear a

single row of bluntly pointed acrodont teeth, the last of

which is exposed in the British Museum specimen. The

anterior part of the maxilla overlaps the outer face of the

premaxilla with a thin squamous edge; behind this its upper

border is slightly depressed and smoothly rounded, forming

the outer border of the nostril. It then again becomes

squamous and overlaps the prefrontal and lachrymal until it

drops down to form part of the lower margin of the orbit ;

finally, it is covered above and without by the jugal.

The nasal (Na.) is a large bone which has a long median

suture with its fellow ; its anterior edge is in contact with

the premaxilla, and the part of the bone between the nares

is a very narrow rod ; posteriorly it expands and forms a

considerable area of the top of the head, its lateral border

being in contact with the prefrontal and its posterior end

with the frontal.

The prefrontal (Pr. FR.) is a large bone whoseanterior border

92 Mr. D. M. S. Watson on Pleurosaurus and

enters into the nostril and posterior edge forms a good deal of

the margin of the orbit. Its upper edge is suturally connected

with the nasal and frontal, and its lower edge is overlapped

by the maxilla and has a suture with the lachrymal. A

well-marked foramen enters the bone just above the edge

of the maxilla.

The lachrymal (Lac.) is a very small bone forming a part

of the orbital boundary, and wedged in between the prefrontal

and maxilla.

The frontal is a comparatively small bone which forms

part of the orbital border and articulates with the prefrontal,

nasal, parietal, and postorbital, as well as with its fellow.

The parietal has a long suture with its fellow, interrupted

at one point by the small oval pineal foramen ; anteriorly

it is in contact with the frontal and postorbital, posteriorly

with the squamosal, but I cannot be certain of its exact

relationship with the latter bone.

Restored lateral aspect of the skull of Pleurosaurus goldfussi, x 1.

Reference-letters as in fig. 5.

The postorbital (P.O.) is a large bone which forms a large

part of the borders of the orbit and temporal fossa. _ Its inner

end is in contact with the frontal and parietal, and below it

has a very long suture with the jugal, extending backwards

along its upper edge to overlap the anterior part of the

squamosal and the quadrato-jugal.

The jugal (Jv.) isa bone which forms a small part of the

lower border of the orbit, and extends backwards below the

postorbital to articulate with the quadrato-jugal.

‘The squamosal (Sq) is an L-shaped bone which forms much

of the border of the temporal fossa. Its inner leg is in contact

with the parietal, but the details of the attachment are not

the Homologies of the Lizard’s Skull, 93

clear in the specimen. The middle of the bone articulates

with the inner part of the head of the quadrate ; its rela-

tions (if any) to the paroccipital cannot be made out. The

anterior limb of the bone passes forwards below the temporal

fossa, to be overlapped by the postorbital.

The quadrato-jugal (Qu.J.) is a small bone covering the

whole of the outer edge of the quadrate, but not covering its

head at all. Its upper end is covered by the postorbital and

part of its front margin by the jugal.

Thequadrate (Qu.) isa remarkable bone; it is very short and

broad, nearly square when viewed from behind. Its lower

edge has the usual grooved articulating surface. The inner

edge of the bone has a strong rounded ridge running verti-

cally, outside which there is a deep pocket on the posterior

surface. Except for the fact that its outer border is covered

by a quadrato-jugal, it very strongly recalls the quadrate of

an Agamid.

Of the palate very little can he said; there are obviously

large posterior nares and very large suborbital vacuities, and

the specimen suggests very strongly that the transverse bones

are lost.

Judging from Lortet’s figure and some casts, the skull of

Sauranodon (Sapheosaurus) seems to resemble that of Pleuro-

saurus described above in the condition of the temporal

region. With the exception of Boulenger, all recent authors

seem to have regarded these reptiles as Rhynchocephalia

closely allied to Sphenodon. Boulenger*, speaking of

Lortet’s figures of Pleurosaurus, says:—“ It is, however,

quite clear that the cranial characters are not Rhyncho-

cephalian. The temporal arch appears to be essentially of

a Lacertilian type and to correspond with what is found in

the Agamide.” ‘This statement seems to me to be still

essentially true. The fact, definitely shown in Lortet’s

figures as well as in the British Museum specimen, that

there is only a single temporal vacuity, is conclusive that

the form is not a Rhynchocephalian. If the temporal bones

of a lizard are interpreted as I have done above, the con-

dition of the arch is really strikingly similar to that in such

an Agamid lizard as Chlamydosaurus, whose arch can be

simply derived from it by the reduction of the anterior limb

of the squamosal (that which meets the postorbital) and the

retreat upwards of the quadrato-jugal in accordance with the

* Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser, 6, vol. xi. p. 208 (1893).

y4 Mr. D. M. 8. Watson on Pleurosaurus.

freeing of the quadrate. The connection of the quadrato-

jugal with the parietal is for me a secondary condition

demanded for the efficient support of the quadrate.

In the postcranial skeleton there is nothing to prohibit a

genetic connection with the Lacertia.

The vertebree are slightly biconcave and their arches and

centra correspond well enough with those of lizards. The

single rib-facet is carried on a short process at the suture

of the neural arch and centra, some way behind the ante-

rior edge, exactly as in lizards.

The ribs have a single expanded head, exactly as in

lizards.

The limb-girdle and limbs, although modified for an

aquatic life, are quite Lacertilian, as is the tail and so much

of the squamation as is known.

In fact, the only character which is not thoroughly Lacer-

tilian is the presence of a complete plastron composed of

very delicate splints. This feature has in the past had a

very exaggerated importance attached to it, and the reduced

remnants of a plastron known in a recent lizard (Tiliqua)

shows that it cannot be held to invalidate the other very

striking resemblances.

The oldest definitely known lizard is Euposaurus thiollieri,

described by Lortet from the Lithographic Stone of Cirin,

and first recognized as a lizard by Boulenger.

The small skull of Paliguana white: from the Procolophon

beds (Middle ? Trias) of Donnybrook, Upper Zwort Kei,

South Africa, seems to me to be not quite definitely deter-

minable. The specimen in its present condition agrees

exactly with Broom’s figures, but seems to me to give no

satisfactory evidence that the quadrate was really free and

that there was not a lower arcade, the anterior end of

which is, in fact, actually shown. When I examined the

specimen I was impressed by the resemblance of its quadrate

to that of Howesia, which is certainly no lizard.

I think, therefore, that it is reasonable to regard Pleuro-

saurus (and Sauranodon) as the little modifed descendant

of the ancestral lizard stock, and that it may be put ina

special suborder of the Squamata, for which H. v. Meyer’s

ordinal name Acrosauria may, perhaps, be used, of equal

value with the other suborders, Pythonomorpha, Dolicho-

sauria, Lacertilia, and Ophidia.

This view does not necessarily conflict with that of

Williston, that Acrosceles is an ancestral lizard, although it

will necessitate slightly altering his views as to the mode of

development of the streptostylic quadrate. Prof. Williston

Mr, D. M. 8. Watson on Dicynodon halli, sp.n. 95

is, however, certainly in error in suggesting that the lizard

postfrontal has fused with the postorbital ; in many lizards

both bones are present, the former being always very small

and obviously disappearing, and, so far as I know, always

excluded from the border of the temporal fossa—a strange

character in which the lizards resemble the Therapsids.

It is very doubtful if the upper temporal bone in Stego-

cephalia and early reptiles, which is usually called supra-

temporal, can retain that name. The original use of the

term supratemporal was by Bakker im Cuvier and Valen-

ciennes’ Hist. Nat. des Poissons, t. i, p. 388 (1828), fora

bone and the skull of a modern Teleost. The homologies of

this bone, and, in fact, of most others in the Teleostean

skull, are very doubtful; and it seems inadvisable at present

to apply it to any bone in the Tetrapod skull.

Broom has proposed to use for the bone in Stegocephalia

Owen’s term supra-squamosal. This term is very suitable in

itself, but, unfortunately, was applied by Owen to the

squamosal of Archegosaurus.

In Ichthyosaurus the name “ supratemporal” was applied

to the inner bone in the temporal region. I am, however,

inclined to believe, from its relations as determined by

Andrews in Ophthalmosaurus, with which Ichthyosaurus is

shown by many specimens to agree, that this bone is really

the squamosal.

This view has the great disadvantage of leaving unexplained

the outer temporal element.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI.

Skull with mandible in articulation and anterior part of the body of the

British Museum skeleton cf Pleurosaurus goldfussi, v. Meyer

(37008). x 1.

XIV.—Dicynodon halli, sp. ., an Anomodont Reptile from

South Africa. By D. M. 8. Warson, M.Sc., Lecturer in

Vertebrate Paleontology at University College, London.

On the farm Kuils Poort, F.C. Niewveldt II., Dist. Beaufort

West, Cape Province, which has already yielded the types

of several new species of fossil reptiles from the Cisto-

cephalus zone of Upper Permian age, I was so fortunate as

to find most of the skeleton of a medium-sized Dicynodon in

96 Mr. D. M. 8. Watson on Dicynodon halli, sp. n.

most perfect preservation, at a horizon about 300 feet above

the homestead.

As is clearly shown by the skull, which is represented in

the figure with its slight distortion corrected, it is different

from any described species. In many ways it is nearest to

Dicynodon kolbei, Broom, but differs in the considerably

smaller face, which is, indeed, amongst the feeblest known

in the genus. One curious feature in which it resembles

D. microtrema, Seeley, is the small occipital condyle, a plain

cylindrical process showing no trace of the tripartite division

Dicynodon halli, Watson, sp.n. 4 nat. size.

which is nearly always present in the genus, and squarely

truncated behind.

There is clear evidence of a transpalatine bone, the long

dispute about the presence or absence of which is due to

the fact that it is present in many, perhaps most, species of

Dicynodon, but actually absent in others.

There is a small septo-maxilla in this species, placed nearly

entirely within the nostril.

ee ee ee a

Mr. D. M. 8. Watson on Dicynodon halli, sp.n. 97

The skull is likewise of interest, because it shows quite

indubitably the presence of a tabulare as a small bone on the

posterior surface overlapping the posterior ends of the parietal

and postorbital and the anterior end of the squamosal. Its

inner border is in contact with the interparietal, and its

outer border does not reach down outside the peost-temporal

fossa to the paroccipital, but ends far above it.

The lower jaw of this individual served as the foundation

of my account of that of the genus [Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

ser. 8, vol. x. p. 576, fig. 2 (1912)]. Thesuture between the

dentary and coronoid shown in that figure is clear as a very

fine dark line in this specimen and in several others in the

British Museum, but I have never been able to see a clear

distinction of the bones in section, aud the apparent suture

is, perhaps, something else ; it might, for example, mark the

lower edge of the horny beak.

I intend to describe the rest of the skeleton in detail on

another occasion, but take this opportunity of pointing out

that the interclavicle is wide and not in the least T-shaped,

and that, as is clearly shown by many specimens in the

British Museum, there is no symphysis between the two

pubes and the two ischia in Dicynodon.

A large series of specimens collected in association by

Mr. T. Bain at Tafel Berg, Niewveldt, which I found in the

British Museum collection, are all obviously Dicynodon micro-

trema, Seeley, and show individuals of both sexes and all

ages. The males are provided with large tusks, the females

are toothless, and have in consequence rather more delicate

faces. Young individuals, about half the size of the adult,

have a series of small teeth in the maxilla and dentary

inserted in a characteristically Endothiodont way.

For the new species represented by the magnificent

skeleton of a female which is shortly described above I pro-

pose the name of Dicynodon halli, sp. n., after Mr. R. Hall of

the British Museum, as a slight token of my indebtedness,

and, in fact, that of all palzeontologists, to him forthe exquisite

skill and infinite patience with which he has prepared nearly

the whole of the great collection of South African fossil

reptiles in the British Museum. Only those who have

personal experience of the intractability of the matrix of

many South African specimens can fully understand in how

large a degree our knowledge of these animals depends on

his work.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 7

98 Mr. D. M. S. Watson on the Nomenclature

XV.—On the Nomenclature of the South-African Paria-

saurians. By D. M. 8S. Warson, M.Sc., Lecturer on

Vertebrate Paleontology in University College, London.

Tue first Pariasaurian to be described was Pariasaurus

serridens, Owen, founded on a specimen exposed by Andrew

Geddes Bain in 1838 whilst blasting for the Government

road north of Fort Beaufort. In his celebrated paper on

South-African geology Bain records this specimen in the

following words :—‘‘ It was near Bluikwater Port that I

succeeded in extracting from the scarp of a steep hill of

sandstone the lower part of the pelvis, a fragment of the

bony cuirass, the head armed with sixty teeth, and other

bones of a large reptile” *. In the manuscript ‘ Catalogue

of Fossils from South Africa,” 1843, which accompanied

Bain’s collection this specimen is recorded as follows :—

1. Head with 60 teeth, of a large reptile.

1 (A). Supposed scapula.

1 B. Part of vertebre and ribs.

1(C). Do.

1°). Pelvis.

1 E-Z aa, bb, and detached fragments. (See also nos. 53

& 54).

53. 1 One of these belongs to specimen 1. .The other is

54. part of a fossil found near it.

The only part of this individual figured by Owen in the

original description of Pariasaurus serridens in the ‘Catalogue

of Fossil Reptiles of South Africa in the British Museum ’

(1876) was the skull.

This skull has now disappeared, with the exception of a

fragment of the lower jaw about 10 cm. long, which has

been cut into three slabs by a lapidary’s wheel.

In the manuscript records of the Geological Department

of the Museum is a list in the handwriting of Wm. Davies,

which probably refers to the arrangement of a case; in this,

with mention of other important specimens of South-

African reptiles mostly figured by Owen in 1856, is the

following entry :—

“Great pelvis 1 D in the first catalogue without locality.”

This entry, in my opinion, gives clear evidence that the

pelvis of the type-specimen had been developed, and was in

existence about 1860.

” Trans. Geol. Soc. ser. ii, vol. vii. p. 56 (1845).

of the South-African Pariasaurians. 99

The Bain collections only contained two Pariasaurian

pelves, both of which are extant—one is unnumbered, the

other bears Bain’s no, 57.

The unnumbered pelvis, which well deserves the epithet

“ oreat,’’ is that which was figured by Owen in Phil. Trans.

vol. 152. pl. xxiii. figs. 1 & 2, and pl. xxiv. fig. 1, as

Dicynodon.

This pelvis is, in my opinion, quite certainly a part of the

type-specimen of Pariasaurus serridens, aud gives much

information about that much-misunderstood animal.

The whole of the dorsal surface of this pelvis between the

crests of the ilia is covered with very large scales which are

of the Propappus type, but differ in their more definitely

pitted ornament and much larger size. In the Bain collec-

tion there are three masses of rock identical with the matrix

of the pelvis which are full of these scutes ; they show some

dorsal vertebre, ribs, and a scapula. I think it nearly

certain that they also are part of the type-specimen.

Another Pariasaurian of which the type-specimen forms

part of the A. G. Bain collection is Propappus omocratus,

Seeley. This was founded on a femur from East Brak

River. This specimen no longer bears Bain’s original

number, but the corresponding femur, which is in identical

mineral condition and is registered under the succeeding

number in the Museum Catalogue, bears Bain’s number 57.

The reference is as follows in the manuscript catalogue

sent by Bain in which this is included :—

57. Slab containing pelvis, femur, humerus, &c., of a large

Reptile.

A. Mass of bones with some scales in matrix,

B. Ditto.

C, D, E, F. Fragments with scales in matrix,

G-Q. Fragments of bones.

R. Phalanges.

S. Scale or coprolite.

T. Scales,

East Brak River.

Fort Beaufort.

The following bones now in the British Museum (Natural

History) bear Bain’s original number 57 :—

The sacrum, figured Trans. Geol. Soc. ser.’ ii. vol. vii.

pl. xxxiil. figs. 4-7, and Cat. Foss. Rep. S. Afr.

pl. xxxvi. figs. 2-4,

100 Mr. D. M. 8. Watson on the Nomenclature

The os innominatum, figured Trans. Geol. Soc. ser. i. |

vol. vii. pl. xxxiv. fig. 1; Phil. Trans. vol. 152.79

pl. xxiv. fig. 2; and Cat. Foss. Rep. 8S. Afr. pl. xxxvii.

figs. 1 & 2.

The lower end of the humerus, figured Trans. Geol. Soc.

tom, cit. pl. xxxiv. fig. 4.

A femur and tibia.

The series of caudal vertebre figured by Owen in the Cat.

Foss. Rep. S. Afr., woodcut p. 74, fits into a block

of matrix which itself fits the visceral surface of the

pelvis mentioned above.

The other Pariasaurian type-specimen in the Bain collec-

tion is Anthodon serrarius recorded in the third manuscript

catalogue as follows :—

45. Skull of a small species of Bluikwater reptiles. A. Ver-

tebrz and dermal bones of ditto with scales.

Stylkrantz, Snéuwberg, about 7000 feet above the sea.

Another old Pariasaurian type is recorded in an extract

from W. G. Atherstone’s note-book as follows :—

“Four miles from ‘Jan Willem Fontein.’ A few miles

further we found ancther fossil, which the Boer’s son had

discovered the evening before our arrival ; so we dug it out, —

and found amongst other bones a perfect lower jaw and part

of the upper with 22 teeth, the upper overlapping the lower.”

This is the type of P. bombidens.

The discovery of these type-specimens makes it necessary

to give new generic names to the large Pariasaurians of the

group.

A brief generic diagnosis of such of the South-African

Pariasaurians as are represented in the British Museum is

given below :—

Parirasaurus, Owen, 1876.

Medium-sized Pariasaurians, with an extensive armour of

very large pitted scutes with a central knob. Skull with

deep cheeks and pointed form. Sacrum of four vertebre.

Centra very much constricted in the middle. Ihum much

inclined backwards, with the ventral border spread outwards.

Ischia very short.

Type, P. serridens,Owen. Cisticephalus zone, U. Permian,

Bluikwater, Dist. Fort Beaufort, Cape Province.

Type-specimen, cast of skull, part of lower jaw, pelvis

of the South-African Pariasaurians. 101

scapula, dorsal vertebra, and scutes. B.M.N.IH. R. 4063,

A. G. Bain Collection.

Proparpus, Seeley, 1888.

Medium-sized Pariasaurians with an armour of scutes of

moderate size, ornamented with shallow pits and grooves,

and with a central knob. Skull unknown. Sacrum of four

vertebra, the ceutra not markedly constricted in the middle.

Ilium not very much inclined backward, but with its lower

border everted. Ischia short.

Type, P. omocratus, Seeley. Cisticephalus zone, East

Brak River, Dist. Fort Beaufort, Cape Province, 8S. Africa.

Type-specimen, sacrum, os innominatum, femur, tibia, part

of humerus, caudal vertebre. B.M.N.H. R. 4064, A. G.

Bain Collection.

Anrnopon, Owen, 1876.

Small Pariasaurians, with very evenly notched teeth

forming a large segment of a circle. —

Type, Anthodon serrarius, Owen. Cisticephalus zone, Styl-

krantz District, Graaf Runet, Cape Province, 8S. Africa.

Type-specimen, imperfect skull, anterior vertebre.

B.M.N.H. 47337, A. G. Bain Coll.

BRADYSAURUS, gen. nov.

Large Pariasaurians with a very feeble armour of smooth

seutes in the dorsal region. Skull depressed and rounded.

Sacrum of four vertebre. Ilium inclined backwards, the

ventral border only slightly everted. Ischia long. Lower

surface of pelvis flat and very broad. A large olecranon

process to the ulna.

Type, Bradysaurus baini (Seeley). Tapinocephalus zone *,

De Bad, Tamboer Fontein, Dist. Beaufort West, Cape

Province.

Type-specimen, whole skeleton, B.M.N.H. R. 1971, Seeley

Collection.

EMBRITHOSAURUS, gen. Noy.

Large Pariasaurians with a feeble armour of smooth scutes.

Skull deep and pointed. Sacrum of four vertebre. Lia

inclined backwards, the ventral border only slightly everted.

Ischia long. Lower surface of pelvis rounded and relatively

narrow. No olecranon process to the ulna.

* The fact that Pariasaurus is a Cisticephalus-zone form makes it

necessary to give a new name to the lowest zone of the Beaufort beds,

1 therefore call it the Zapinocephalus zone.

102 On a new Species of the Genus Pipa.

Type, Embrithosaurus schwartzi (Broom). Tapinocephalus

zone, Van de Byls Kraal, Dist. Fraserburg, Cape Province,

S. Africa.

Type-specimen, whole skeleton in the South-African

Museum, Cape Town, described by Broom, Ann. S. Afr.

Mus. vol. iv. p- 123, as P. serridens in error.

XVI.—On a new Species of the Genus Pipa from Northern

Brazil. By Worenz Mitier, Curator, Division of

Herpetology, Munich Museum.

Aone a number of Reptiles and Amphibians recently sub-

mitted to my inspection by Dr. Emilia Snethlage, the

distinguished zoologist of the Para Museum, there are

several examples of a “ Surinam toad,” which evidently

belong to a well-characterised new species of that peculiar

Neotropical genus. I have before me one male and two

females, the latter with empty egg-capsules on the back,

consequently fully adult. I propose to name this interesting

form in honour of Dr. E. Snethlage.

Pipa snethlagee, sp. n.

Type in the Zoological Museum, Munich, No. 1/1914; —

9 , Utinga, near Para ( (Belém), State of Pard, N.E. Brazil.

Collected by Miss E. Snethlage.

Type-locality. Utinga, near Para, N.E. Brazil.

Differs from Pipa pipa (Linn.), hitherto the only known _

representative of the genus, by its smaller, less decidedly

triangular head; more rounded snout, hardly projecting

beyond the mandibular symphysis; stouter, less depressed,

on its posterior portion much enlarged, rump ; shorter as

well as weaker limbs with the upper arm and the upper

thigh mostly concealed in the skin; by the rudimentary

development of the tentacles on the snout and of the dermal

flap at the angle of the mouth. Moreover, the four rows

of small glands on the back, so conspicuous a feature im

Pipa pipa, are entirely lacking, while the general structure

of the skin is altogether different, and the inner metatarsal

tubercle is much less pronounced in the new species.

Besides, Pipa snethlagee is very much smaller, the adults

being hardly half as big as specimens of P. pipa in corre-

sponding age.

9. (Type.) From snout to vent, 75 mm.

¢. From snout to vent, 73 mm.

A more detailed account of this interesting water-toad will

be given in another paper.

;

On new Genera and Species of Drepanide. 103

X VII.—Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Drepanidze

and Thyridide. By Sir Georce F. Hampson, Bart.,

F.Z.S., &e.

Tur numbers attached to the species of Tayrtpip® refer

to their position in my classification of the Family, P.Z.S.

1897, pp. 603-633.

Family Drepanide.

Oreta gonioptera, sp. 0.

Antenne of female with uniseriate branches ; hind tibiz

with one pair of spurs, the tarsi fringed with hair above ;

fore wing with apex produced and falcate, the termen

strongly angled at vein 3 and excised above and below that

oint.

; 2. Head scarlet, the vertex and antenne brown; thorax

silvery grey-brown; abdomen with the basal half dark

brown, the terminal half red-brown; pectus, legs, and

ventral surface of abdomen scarlet, the hind tibiz with black

streaks. Fore wing silvery grey tinged with brown and

striated with dark brown; an oblique dark medial shade

with a grey discoidal point on its outer edge ; a dark sub-

terminal line excurved below costa and at middle, with a

pale rufous band on its outer side defined by a waved whitish

line; cilia black-brown. Hind wing red-brown suffused

with silvery grey, the terminal half and inner area irrorated

with black points. Underside of fore wing grey mixed with

red and irrorated and striated with black ; hind wing yel-

lowish suffused with red and strongly irrorated with black.

Hab. 8S. Niceria, Ilesha (Humfrey), 1 2 type. Exp.

40 mm.

Oreta sulphurea, sp. n.

Antenne of male bipectinate with long branches; hind

tibize with one pair of spurs.

3. Head yellow with a brown bar above frons ; thorax

and abdomen pale yellow, the legs fringed with reddish

hair. Fore wing pale yellow striated with red-brown; an

oblique red-brown line from apex to middle of inner

margin with an elliptical black spot beyond it just before

termen below apex ; the costal edge towards apex and cilia

on apical half rufous. Hind wing pale yellow sparsely

striated with dark brown except on basal and costal areas ;

a double brown antemedial line on inner area.

Hab. Goin Coast (Dudgeon), 1 ¢ type. Exp. 28 mm.

104 Su G. F. Hampson on new

Oreta glaucinoe, sp. n.

?. Head bright rufous; thorax and abdomen yellowish

white; pectus in front, fore legs, and the tarsi rufous with

a crimson tinge. Fore wing pale yellow suffused with

purplish grey, thickly irrorated with silvery scales and

with numerous faint dark striz; a small black discoidal

spot; a slight oblique brownish line defined on outer side

by pale yellow from below apex to middle of inner margin ;

cilia blackish at tips especially towards apex. Hind wing

pale yellow suffused with purplish grey, thickly irrorated

with silvery scales and with numerous faint dark striz ; an

oblique brownish antemedial line; cilia with some blackish

scales at tips. Underside thickly irrorated and striated

with fuscous and tinged with rufous, the inner area of hind

wing pale, an oblique dark line from apex of fore wing to

inner margin of hind wing before middle.

Hab. Goup Coast, Bibianaha (Spurrell),1 2 type. Ep.

36 mm.

Oreta thermidora, sp. n.

9.. Head, thorax, and abdomen bright chestnut-red ;

pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen with a slight

crimson tinge, the hind tibiz with black streaks. Fore

wing bright chestnut-red with numerous faint dark striz ;

an indistinct diffused and slightly imeurved blackish sub-

terminal line from below apex to inner margin near tornus; —

cilia blackish towards apex and above tornus. Hind wing

bright chestnut-red with some five ill-defined series of small —

blackish spots except on basal area. Underside with a

slight crimson tinge ; both wings with numerous series of —

small blackish spots and striz except on basal area.

Hab. Japan, Fushiki (Leech), 1 ¢ type. Hap. 30 mm.

Genus MerapREPANA, noy.

Type, M. glauca.

Proboscis absent ; palpi short, porrect; antenne in both

sexes bipectinate with long branches; tibiz fringed with

long hair, the hind tibiz with terminal spurs only, the

mid and hind tarsi fringed above with hair. Fore wing

with the costa highly arched, the apex produced and

faleate, the termen in male strongly excurved at middle

and excised above and below middle, in female typically

slightly excurved at middle ; vein 8 from well before angle

of cell; 5 from just above angle; 6 from upper angle;

Genera and Species of Drepanide. 105

7, 8, 9 stalked; 10, 11 stalked. Hind wing of male

with the termen oblique to vein 4, where it is strongly

produced and faleate, then excised, in female typically

much less produced at vein 4; veins 3 and 5 from close

to angle of cell, the lower part of which is produced ;

6 from upper angle; 7 from middle of cell, anastomosing

with 8; frenulum absent.

Metadrepana glauca, sp. 0.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen brown mixed with whitish,

the antennz towards base,vertex of head, and tegulz whiter,

the prothorax tinged with rufous. Fore wing silvery grey

tinged with brown and thickly irrorated and striated with

blackish ; medial and postmedial blackish spots on costa ;

a small red-brown subterminal spot between veins 4 and 3 ;

cilia black at the excisions above and below middle. Hind

wing grey suffused with brown and thickly irrorated and

striated with fuscous ; a slight oblique dark line defined on

outer side by whitish from costa near apex to inner margin

beyond middle; small black subterminal spots above and

below vein 4. Underside white tinged with brown and

slightly irrorated and striated with black ; fore wing with

indistinct oblique subterminal dark line.

?. Fore wing with indistinct incurved dark subterminal

line ; underside of hind wing with indistinct curved dark

postmedial line from costa to vein 2.

Hab. 8. Niceria, Lagos (Strachan),1g,19type. Euxp.,

3 44, 2 46 mm.

Metadrepana heterogyna, sp. n.

Fore wing of male with the termen excised below apex

and produced to a point between veins 4 and 3; hind wing

with the termen crenulate, oblique to between veins 4 and 3

where it is strongly produced, then excised ; fore wing of

female with the termen excised below apex, then evenly

curved ; hind wing with the termen evenly curved and not

crenulate.

¢- Head white tinged with rufous; frons and palpi

except at tips deep red-brown; tegulz white with a brownish

line near tips; thorax grey mixed with brown ; abdomen

grey, tinged with rufous towards extremity ; pectus, legs,

and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with rufous.

Fore wing silvery purplish grey, irrorated and striated

with black-brown, faintly except towards base; traces

of an obliquely curved black-brown antemedial line and of

106 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

an oblique sinuous medial line with prominent black-brown

striation beyond it in and below the cell; an indistinct

black-brown postmedial line, oblique to vein 4, then inwardly

oblique and waved, a red-brown patch beyond it between

veins 7 and 6; the costal edge dark brown towards apex ; a

narrow dark brown band just before termen from below

apex to vein 4, then a rather lunulate line with some dark

brown beyond it on termen; cilia dark brown. Hind wing

silvery purplish grey thickly striated with dark brown except

towards base; an oblique ochreous-white line from below

apex to inner margin beyond middle ; the striations form-

ing obscure subterminal patches between veims 5 and 3;

cilia brown. Underside of fore wing ochreous suffused

with brown beyond the cell, the inner area white, an oblique

blackish subterminal line; hind wing ochreous yellow, the

terminal area suffused with brown except towards tornus,

a blackish discoidal point and postmedial line excurved from

vein 6 to 2 where it terminates.

2. Tegule with red-brown mixed except towards base; fore

wing much moresuffused with pale red-brown, red-brown suffu-

sion beyond the medial line in and below the cell and beyond

the postmedial line, a slight oblique pale subterminal Jine

from below apex to inner margin, the area beyond it greyer,

the markings before termen forming a line of black-brown

striations ; hind wing suffused with pale red-brown except

towards costa, the termen not striated with black-brown ;

underside bright yellow, the fore wing slightly striated with

brown and the terminal area tinged with rufous except

towards tornus.

Hab. Ucanpa, Victoria Nyanza, Sesse Is., Bugulla I. (G.

D. H. Carpenter), 1 3, 1 2 type, cotypes in Mus. Oxon.

Exp., & 40, 9 44 mm.

Drepana thermopasta, sp. n.

dg. Head, thorax, and abdomen orange suffused with

rufous. Fore wing orange thickly irrorated with rufous ;

arufous discoidal point; traces of a sinuous rufous ante-

medial line and of two similar postmedial lines ; a patch of

rufous suffusion on terminal area below apex. Hind wing

orange, the basal and inner areas irrorated with rufous ;

traces of an obliquely curved antemedial line and of post-

medial and subterminal lines on inner area only. Under-

side orange with some rufous on terminal area of fore wing

below apex.

Hab. W. Cuina, 1 S-type. Lap. 28 mm.

Genera and Species of Drepanide. 107

Drepana cretacea, sp. 0.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen white, the head tinged

with rufous. Fore wing chalky white, thinly scaled; a

slight brownish spot at lower angle of cell; a very faint

oblique fulvous postmedial line from vein 5 to inner margin,

and points before termen on veins 7 to5. Hind wing chalky

white with faint traces of a curved postmedial line.

Hab. W. Curna, Huang-Mu-Chang (Pratt), 1 2 type.

Exp, 52 mm.

Genus Hya.ostoua, nov.

Type, H. pheenicochyta.

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi porrect, short; antennz

of male bipectinate with moderate branches. Fore wing

with the apex rounded, the termen evenly curved; vein 3

from well before angle of cell; 5 from well above angle ;

6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9 stalked; 10, 11 stalked, 11

anastomosing with 12. Hind wing with the termen evenly

curved, the inner margin long; vein 3 from well before

angle of cell; 5 from well above angle; the upper part of

cell shorter ; 6 from angle; 7 from middle of cell, anasto-

mosing with 8; frenulum absent.

Hyalostola phoenicochyta, sp. n.

dé. Head, thorax, and abdomen white. Fore wing semi-

hyaline white irrorated with rufous scales and tinged with

purplish crimson to beyond middle ; traces of a rufous post-

medial line, oblique to vein 4, then incurved ; some rufous

marks before termen. Hind wing semihyaline white tinged

with purplish crimson, and irrorated with some rufous scales;

some diffused rufous marks on termen.

Hab. Borneo, Sarawak (Wallace), 1 g type. Exp.

26 mm.

Deroca coreana, sp. n.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen white ; antennz with the

shaft ringed with black, the branches black ; tarsi fuscous

ringed with white. Fore wing semihyaline white ; the costa

blackish towards base; short antemedial blackish streaks on

the costa and veins; an oblique blackish striga on upper

discocellular and blackish mark above it on costa ; a curved

diffused pale fuscous postmedial line with minute black

streaks at the veins, a series of small fuscous spots beyond it

108 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

also with minute black streaks at the veins ; a series of pale

fuscous spots in the interspaces of terminal area. Hind

wing semihyaline white; indistinct diffused curved pale

fuscous postmedial and subterminal lines aud a series of

spots in the interspaces of terminal area.

Hab. Corza, Quelpart I. (S. Ichikawa), 1 9 type. Exp.

28 mm.

Family Thyridide.

(3) Plagiosella pyromera, sp. n.

?. Head and thorax fiery red; antenne brownish ; ab-

domen brown with some fiery red at base of dorsum, the

ventral surface yellow tinged with red. Fore wing fiery red

mottled with yellow to near middle; a blackish subbasal line

from costa to vein 1, with two blackish points beyond it on

costa ; medial line blackish, defining the red area, slightly

curved and expanding into a small spot at costa; the terminal

half red-brown, tinged with grey beyond the medial line and

with small fiery-red spot on costa; a fiery-red patch mottled

with small yellow spots from costa to vein 5, extending on

costa to apex and below vein 8 not reaching the termen,

crossed by a maculate blackish subterminal line; a fine

black terminal line; cilia tinged with grey. Hind wing

with the basal area fiery red mottled with yellow and defined

by a curved black line; the rest of wing red-brown tinged

with fiery red and yellow towards termen and thickly striated

with brown, the inner margin pale yellow; a fine black

terminal line; cilia tinged with grey. Underside reddish

orange; fore wing with some small black spots on costa and

with dark striz except on basal area and apical part of costal

area.

Hab. Dutcn N. Guinea, Fak-fak (Pratt), 1 2? type.

Kap. 32 mm.

(5) Plagiosella rufivestis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen pale rufous, the vertex of

head yellow, the tegule rather darker rufous ; pectus and

ventral surface of abdomen yellowish. Fore wing pale

rufous rather sparsely striated with red-brown, the costal

edge red-brown; a subterminal series of red-brown striz

slightly bent inwards at vein 6; a terminal series of black

points. Hiud wing pale rufous with numerous red-brown

strie forming ill-defined lines ; a terminal series of black

Genera and Species of Thyridide. 109

points. Underside with the strie forming better-defined

series on both wings.

Hab. Durcu N. Guinea, Fak-fak (Pratt), 1 ¢ type,

Kapaur (Doherty), 19. Ezxp., d 22, 2? 24mm.

(1 a) Striglina pyrostola, sp. n.

Fore wing with the termen excised below apex and ex-

curved at middle; hind wing with the termen slightly angled

at vein 4.

@?. Head, thorax, and abdomen brilliant fiery red ; palpi,

frons, antenne, and fore legs red-brown. Fore wing yellow,

thickly striated and suffused with brilliant fiery red; a small

elongate blackish spot beyond the discocellulars, with an

indistinct oblique red line from it to inner margin ; some

dark strize in terminal part of submedian interspace; cilia

fuscous brown. Hind wing brilliant fiery red mottled with

some yellow and with a few dark strie; the base and inner

margin pale yellow ; an oblique blackish medial line with a

yellow spot beyond it in discal fold; cilia fuscous brown.

Underside yellow with numerous fiery-red and some blackish

strie ; fore wing with blackish spots beyond the disco-

cellulars and at middle of submedian fold.

Hab. Br. Guiana (Kaye), 1 2 type. Hap. 46 mm.

(46) Striglina vavauensis, sp. n.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen rufous ; fore tibiz black ;

the mid and hind tibize with small black spots just before

extremities ; ventral surface of abdomen reddish ochreous.

Fore wing rufous, the costal and terminal areas irrorated

with small blackish spots; some five or six ill-defined

sinuous red-brown lines and an oblique red-brown line from

apex to inner margin beyond middle; a small black discoidal

spot and a terminal series of black points. Hind wing

rufous with numerous red-brown striz forming ill-defined

lines and numerous minute blackish spots; a small black

discoidal spot ; a terminal series of black points. Underside

paler with the spots and strize more distinct.

Hab. Frrenviy Is., Vavau Group (EKelipse Exp.), 2 3

type. Exp. 26 mm.

(7) Striglina castaneata, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen bright red-brown; fore legs

dark brown, the tarsi blackish ringed with white ; pectus

behind and ventral surface of abdomen reddish ochreous.

110 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

Wings bright red-brown, thickly and evenly striated with

blackish. Underside paler red-brown with the black striz

much more prominent.

Hab. Stnearore (Ridley), 5 3,1 2 type; Borneo, Pulo

Laut (Doherty), 1 ?. Hap. 26 mm.

(8) Striglina flavidiscals, sp. n.

2. Head fuscous brown; tegule fuscous brown at base,

ochreous at tips; thorax red-brown; abdomen rufous, the

8rd and 4th segmeuts and a patch at extremity red-brown ;

legs chocolate-brown, the tarsi with whitish rings; pectus

and ventral surface of abdomen yellowish white. Fore wing

rufous with numerous blackish striz forming ill-defined

reticulate lines with yellowish spots between them on medial

area; a prominent yellow spot beyond the cell and sub-

terminal spots below costa and vein 7; cilia black-brown.

Hind wing rufous with numerous blackish striz forming

ill-defined lines; cilia whitish with a black-brown line

through them. Underside paler rufous with the black

strie more prominent, sparser towards costa of fore wing.

Hab. Sinxcarore (Ridley), 2 2? type. Hzp. 26 mm.

(9) Striglina strigigrapha, sp. nu.

g. Head and tegule red-brown, the thorax and abdomen

paler rufous ; fore legs chocolate-brown, the tarsi streaked

chocolate-brown and whitish, the fringe of hair on inner side

of hind tibiz chocolate-brown. Fore wing rufous thickly

striated with blackish, the strie tending to form pairs with

greyish between them on terminal area, the costal edge

whitish ; a more prominent blackish spot beyond the disco-

cellulars ; cilia fuscous brown. Hind wing rufous with

numerous black strize tending to form series of pairs;

a greyish-brown bar from costa to lower angle of cell and a

postmedial mark on costa ; cilia fuscous brown. Underside

with more prominent black strie and more promimently

filled in with grey-brown on hind wing and inner area of

fore wing; a minute black mark formed of spots on

terminal area of fore wing below apex.

Hab. Borneo, Sarawak, Sadong (Hewett), 1 g type, Paku

(Shelford), 1 $. Exp. 30 mm.

For Hyproxtamprws insert

A 3 Type

Betousa, Wiksxxsit. IIT (1865) 5.25), meal eee ee dilecta,

which has priority.

Genera and Species of Thyridide. 111

(13 f) Betousa chrysotherma, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax bright rufous; frons golden yellow ;

abdomen golden yellow suffused with rufous. Fore wing

golden yellow with numerous reticulate rufous lines ; some

rufous suffusion below the costa to beyond middle and at

middle of inner area; a sinuous rufous band just beyond

the cell from costa to vein 1, giving off an excurved line

from its outer side at vein 5 to just above tornus ; a slightly

incurved rufous line across apical area, then sinuous just

before termen and met by streaks from the excurved line

above and below vein 3. Hind wing golden yellow with

numerous reticulate rufous lines; three more prominent

lines on basal area and a deep rufous band just beyond the

cell narrowing to inner margin; the terminal area with

some prominent reticulate lines. Underside of both wings

with some black-brown on the bands beyond the cell which

do not reach the costa or inner margin of either wing.

Hab. Gorv Coast, Ashanti (Bergman), 1 9 type. Exp.

36 mm.

(24) Rhodoneura cyclothyris, sp. n.

Tibiz of male tufted with long hair, the hind tarsi with

the lst joint fringed with long hair above.

g. Head black-brown with some fiery red on vertex ;

tegul ochreous, black-brown at base ; thorax and abdomen

fiery scarlet ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen

pale yellow, the pectus in front, fore legs, and the tarsi

black-brown, the last ringed with whitish. Fore wing fiery

scarlet with numerous black striz, the costal area tinged

with fuscous ; a round hyaline spot defined by black below

end of cell; cilia fuscous brown. Hind wing fiery scarlet

with numerous blackish striz ; cilia black at base, brownish

white at tips; the hair on inner margin fuscous. Underside

pale red with the black strie much more prominent ; fore

wing with the lower extremity of cell, the area just below

end of cell, and the area beyond the cell to near termen

pale yellow, some black suffusion beyond the hyaline spot

and a spot before termen on vein 6; hind wing with the

base and inner margin whitish.

Hab. Sincarore (Ridley), 2 3 type. Exp. 24 mm.

(16a) Rhodoneura thermographa, sp. n.

_¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellowish white tinged

with rufous, the patagia near base and Ist two segments of

112 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

abdomen with chocolate-brown patches. Fore wing glossy

yellowish white tinged with rufous and with numerous

reticulate lines formed by rufous striz ; a chocolate-brown

streak below costa; a slightly curved chocolate-brown ante-

medial line with striga beyond it in the cell; medial

X-shaped chocolate marks in the cell and submedian inter-

space and above inner margin, and similar marks beyond

the cell and above and below vein 2, the mark beyond the

cell giving off an oblique streak from which a postmedial

series of strize run to the inner margin, and from its extremity

an oblique line to quadrate patches above and below vein 2

near tornus; an oblique line across apical area; cilia

chequered yellowish and chocolate. Hind wing glossy

yellowish white tinged with rufous and with numerous

reticulate rufous lines; an oblique subbasal chocolate-brown

line; a medial line slightly angled outwards at middle and

giving rise to large chocolate-brown reticulations on the

terminal half of wing; an oblique chocolate line across

apical area, then curved and running just before termen to

vein 3; cilia chocolate-brown. Underside similar.

Hab. S. Niceria, Ilesha (Humfrey), 1 ¢ type. Hap.

50 mm.

(16d) Rhodoneura ophiographa, sp. n.

g. Head, thorax, and abdomen purplish red-brown mixed

with whitish, the abdomen with slight whitish dorsal seg-

mental lines. Fore wing purplish red-brown mixed with

whitish and slightly irrorated and striated with darker

brown; an oblique pale band defined at sides by whitish

and black lines from costa to median nervure with a small

round whitish spot below it below the cell; a similar medial

band with sinuous edges from costa to inner margin,

expanding at costa and enclosing a small triangular red-

brown mark on the costa; a similar postmedial band, forking

at costa, excurved to discal fold, then oblique and expanding

on inner side below vein 2; a blackish mark at lower angle

of cell; a slight blackish subterminal line, oblique across

apical area, then waved, and at veins 4,3 forming small oblique

elliptical spots with pale centres. Hind wing purplish red-

brown mixed with whitish and irrorated and striated with

darker brown; subbasal and medial bands formed by

whitish spots striated with red-brown and defined by dark

brown, the medial band with a small white spot beyond it

beyond the cell; a similar postmedial band formed of

irregular spots; a slight blackish line across apical area.

Underside similar, but the bauds whiter and more distinet,

Genera and Species of Thyridide. 113

the apex of both wings whitish ; hind wing with serics of

small spots defined by white and blackish on costal area,

some deep chocolate-brown in and beyond upper angle of

cell, and an irregular band beyond the postmedial band

giving off oblique teeth to termen.

Hab. S.E. Peru, Chaquimayo (Watkins), 2 3 type.

Exp. 38 mm.

(23a) Rhodoneura gilva, sp. n.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen creamy white faintly

tinged with rufous. Fore wing creamy white faintly tinged

with rufous, the basal area and costal area to beyond middle

rather more strongly tinged ; some dark brown points on

costa and antemedial and medial series of brown striz ;

a small quadrate hyaline spot detined at sides by brown

below end of cell; a double postmedial series of brown striz

filled in with red-brown suffusion between veins 3 and 1;

a series of dark brown striz from costa well before apex to

termen at vein 1; cilia red-brown. Hind wing creamy

white faintly tinged with rufous and with a few red-brown

striae; a curved brown medial line; cilia red-brown.

Underside of fore wing with some rufous suffusion beyond

the hyaline spot.

Hab. Sva. Lucia (A. H. Smith), 1 3 type. Eavp.16mm.

(33 a) Rhodoneura mesosticta, sp. n.

?. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish tinged with pale

yellowish brown, the tegule browuer; antennz brown. Fore

wing whitish thickly striated with pale yellowish brown ;

a more distinct medial line, slightly incurved in the cell,

then slight sinuous, a brownish patch between it and the

postmedial line above vein 1, a brownish patch at costa;

a slight black mark at upper angle of cell and small spot at

lower angle; postmedial line brown with a small patch

at costa, incurved to vein 5 where it is slightly angled out-

wards, then more strongly incurved to below vein 3 and

again to near the medial line at submedian fold, with

oblique line from its outer side below veins 5 and 3 meeting

at submedian fold near the subterminal line, which has

a small patch at costa, then curved and slightly sinuous ;

two dark marks on costa towards apex; the terminal area

with oblique reticulate lines, connected with the subterminal

lime on inner half; cilia yellowish, intersected with brown

at the veins. Hind wing whitish thickly reticulated with

yellowish-brown lines ; three more distinct lines on medial

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 8

114 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

area from vein 2 to inner margin and a slightly waved

subterminal line, connected with the termen by oblique lines

on inner half; a black point at lower angle of cell. Under-

side of fore wing with a short fascia of black and silvery-

white scales in middle of cell, a streak of elongate black

scales in upper angle of cell, and blackish mark beyond

upper angle.

Hab. Perv, Yahuarmayo, 1 9 type. Lup. 48 mm.

(40 a) Rhodoneura cymographa, sp. u.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish tinged with pale

red-brown, the vertex of head whiter. Fore wing glossy

whitish suffused with pale red-brown; a pale red-brown

sinuous antemedial line excurved in the cell; a narrow pale

red-brown sinuous media! band defined by darker lines, and

a similar band at end of cell; the terminal area with slight

dark striz ; some small black subterminal spots between

veins 8 and 4. Hind wing whitish suffused with pale red-

brown and with numerous faint brown strie and black

points. Underside similar, but the fore wing with some

black points and striz.

Hab. Dutrca N. Guinea, Mimika R. (Wollaston), 1 2

type. Ezp. 34mm.

(45 a) Rhodoneura perigrapha, sp. n.

Head and tegule rufous; thorax and abdomen creamy

white tinged with ochreous brown, the latter with fuscous

dorsal streak; fore legs brownish in front. Fore wing

creamy white tinged with ochreous and thickly reticulated

with fine brown lines, the costa suffused with brown towards

base ; a double sinuous medial line rather more prominent,

and a V-shaped mark at upper angle of cell with double

line from it to inner margin ; an oblique line from costa

beyond middle, forking at tornus, and an oblique line across

apical area. Hind wing creamy white tinged with ochreous

and thickly reticulated with fine brown lines and some

darker lines ; an incomplete discoidal annulus and an oblique

line across apical area. Underside similar, but the fore wing

slightly tinged with rufous.

Hab. Goutp Coast, Kumasi (Whiteside, Sanders), 43,19

type. Kap. 22 mm.

(83 a) Rhodoneura fulvipicta, sp. n.

3g. Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with brown.

Fore wing white with numerous pale brown points, the points

Genera and Species of Thyridide. 115

on costa black ; the inner and terminal areas tinged with pale

brown; a medial elliptical pale fulvous spot defined by

brown in and below the cell, and a similar rounded spot

below end of cell; a fulvous tinge below costa towards apex

with an oblique white mark from beyond it to termen at

vein 6. Hind wing white with numerous pale brown points,

the terminal area tinged with pale brown except towards

tornus; a faint brown medial band, excurved round end of

cell and becoming blackish at inner margin. Underside of

fore wing with antemedial and medial fulvous patches edged

with brown below the cell, and an elliptical black-brown

patch below end of cell, some fine black and white streaks

in middle of cell and beyond upper angle, a fulvous fascia

below costa from above end of cell to termen, where it is

curved downwards, the costa with fine black streaks and

strive.

Hab. W. Arnica (Dudgeon), 1 3 type. Exp. 22 mm.

(98a) Rhodoneura ferreiceps, sp. u.

?. Head and front part of thorax dark iron-brown with

some silvery scales between antenne and on prothorax, the

hinder part of thorax silvery white; fore legs, the greater

part of mid tibize, and the base of hind tibiz iron-brown, the

tarsi iron-brown ringed with white ; abdomen white dorsally

suffused with rufous except basal segment. Fore wing silvery

white mostly suffused with rufous, the medial area with

some waved brown lines, the terminal area with some black

siriz ; the costal area dark iron-brown towards base, then

mostly white ; cilia glossy brown. Hind wing silvery white

with reticulate brown lines and the veins streaked with

brown ; an irregular fulvous subbasal band ; a brown medial

band with some white spots on it, excurved round end of

cell; the terminal area suffused with rufous except at apex.

Underside of fore wing with the cell except lower extremity,

the area below it to middle of wing and the area beyond its

upper angle fiery rufous with fine black streaks and pen-

cilling and some silvery blue scales, a wedge-shaped fiery-

rufous patch edged with black-brown below end of cell, and

a quadrate black-brown spot above tornus, a rufous fascia

below costa from above end of cell to termen, the costa with

brown bars and black striz, hind wing with the costa

suffused with rufous and with black striz, a subterminal

rufous mark edged with black below vein 2.

Hab. Br. Gutana, Potaro R. (Kaye), 1 2 type. Exp.

40 mm.

116 On new Genera and Species of Vhyrididee.

(98 d) Rhodoneura phenicophora, sp. n.

Head and front part of thorax bright rufous sometimes

with some pale crimson and leaden grey mixed, the rest of

thorax silvery white; pectus and legs rufous with some

white, the tarsi with fine black and white streaks ; abdomen

silvery white. Fore wing silvery white with some fine

rufous reticulate lines and black striz; the costal area

rufous with crimson patches with black streaks on them

except towards apex; an annulus filled in with pale rufous

in middle of cell, and a discoidal annulus with line from it to

inner margin towards which it for ks; the terminal area with

striated black lines and crimson patches ; the termen crimson

and rufous. Hind wing silvery white with pale rufous

striated lines, the terminal area with striated black lines

and some crimson ; a rufous and crimson terminal line.

Underside similar.

Hab. N. Nicerta, Minna (Macfie), 1 g type, Zungeru

(Macfie),4 9. Kap. 26 mm.

(103 a) Rhodoneura pachystrigata, sp. n.

@. Head and front part of thorax greyish fuscous, the

hinder part of thorax silvery white; fore tibize and the tarsi

banded black and white; abdomen silvery white. Fore wing

silvery white with numerous fuscous-black striz forming

reticulate lines, the terminal area with black striz ; the costa

with very numerous black points ; the termen with series of

black points. Hind wing silvery white with nacreous-white

spots on terminal area in one light, in another light nacreous

white with silvery-white spots; some slight fuscous striz,

the terminal area with some black striz and a terminal series

of small black spots except towards tornus. Underside of

fore wing with black striz, the costal area yellow; hind

wing with black striz on costa and in discal fold except

towards base.

Hab. Durcu N. Guinea, Fak-fak (Pratt), 1 2 type.

Exp. 26 mm.

(2) Orneostoma albitessellata, sp. n.

?. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-white mixed with

red-brown ; tarsi black-brown ringed with white. Fore

wing grey striated with dark brown; a whitish and rufous

streak striated with dark brown below base of cell; a

similar streak in upper extremity of cell ; an oblique wedge-

shaped white patch striated with red-brown from base of

On British Forms of Apodewus. 117

vein 2 to inner margiu, a small spot at middle of inner

margin and postmedial patch from vein 4 to inner margin

with small spot beyond its upper extremity ; a white streak

striated with red-brown at middle of costa, small postmedial

spot on costa, and oblique rather maculate band from costa

before apex to termen at vein 4, with a small spot beyond it

below apex. Hind wing grey striated with brown; a white

antemedial patch in and below the cell with some blackish

strize on it, a small black mark with reddish-yellow centre

below middle of cell, and a small black spot with reddish-

yellow point on its lower extremity at lower angle ; a whitish

postmedial patch striated with red-brown on costa and an

elliptical patch between veins 4 and 1; the costal area

towards apex striated with red-brown ; cilia dark red-brown

with some white at tips. Underside of both wings with the

grey areas suffused with red-brown.

Hab. Perv, Yahuarmayo,1 ¢? type. zp. 32 mm.

XVIII.—Notes on British Forms of Apodemus.

By Martin A. C. Hinvon.

Tus paper contains an account of the results of a study of

the long tailed field-mice collected in the Hebrides for

Mr. Ogilvie-Grant by Mr. W. R. Sheppard in 1912, and by

Mr. D. Anderson, Mr. P. D. Montague, and Mr. C. H. B.

Grant in 1913. Several of the Hebridean forms have to

be recognized as new subspecies of A. sylvaticus and A. hebri-

densis. In addition, a new subspecies of A. fridariensis,

based upon material collected by Mr. Ogilvie-Grant in the

Shetlands, is described.

In his great paper on Mus sylvaticus the late Major

Barrett-Hamilton remarks * that the possible range of the

variations of this animal, ‘ whether individual or geogra-

phical, would seem to be narrow. Within this narrow

range, however, variation is very evident and perplexing.

The animal, indeed, while apparently having small power of

varying, uses to the utmost the power which it possesses.”

In working out the first collection from the Hebrides he and

I were struck with the differences which exist between some

of the insular races then examined, but lacking specimens

from certain islands, since visited, and without a far more

detailed investigation of the cranial characters than was then

* P. Z. 8. 1900, p. 393.

118 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on

possible, we were unable to do more in our first paper than

refer all the material to A. sylvaticus and notice the ten-

dency of certain of the island forms to approach A. hebri-

densis of the Outer Hebrides.

The skull-material obtained by the collectors named above

and a carefully chosen series from other British localities

have now been investigated. A long series of measurements

were taken with the utmost care. The data so collected

will, I hope, be published later elsewhere, but in the table at

pp. 120-121 a summary consisting of the average relative

values of the various dimensions in each British race is given.

It is important to observe that in all cases, unless the contrary

be stated, the measurements refer to thoroughly adult skulls

in which the teeth are at least half-worn.

lt now appears that in practically every island of the

Hebrides differentiation from the parent stock has proceeded

so far that the most logical course would be to describe the

mice of each island as distinct subspecies. On the mainland

of Britain the same process is seen at work. Skulls from

the English plains taken here as being typical of A. s. sylva-

ticus seem to be distinguisbable from those of Wales or

from the Scotch Highlands ; those from the lowlands of

Scotland in turn have their peculiar characters. But in

order to define these mainland forms it will be necessary to

have far more material of the right kind than is at present

available. To quote Barrett-Hamilton once more, the work

must be based upon averages, and not upon individuals, and

it will require the most careful procedure.

Apodemus sylvaticus, Linnzeus.

A. Non-Hesripean Bririsu Races.

A. sylvaticus sylvaticus, L.

Twelve old skulls from Kent, Essex, Middlesex, Oxford-

shire, Gloucester, Leicester, and Suffolk, in which the

condylo-basal length ranges between 22 and 236 mm., are

treated as representative of this subspecies ; the average

values of the reduced dimensions, the condylo-basal length

taken as 100, are given in the table at pp. 120-]21.

The Welsh skulls (c.-b. 1, 22°2-23°6) show a slight ten-

dency to become narrower and deeper, and more definite

indications of shortening of the postmolar and diastemal

lengths, accompanied by a decrease in the size of the bulle.

'Two types seem to occur in Scotland. In one, represented

by skulls from Edinburgh, Lanark, and Dunphail, Elgin

British Forms of Apodemus. 119

(c.-b. 1. 23°2-23°5), which is not unlikely characteristic of

the lowlands, the size is about as in English s. sylvaticus.

In this form the zygomatic, interorbital, and cranial widths

are relatively small, the brain-case more depressed, the post-

molar length and bulle are smaller, while the nasals,

rostrum, incisive foramina, and masseteric plate tend to be

narrower. The second or highland type is represented by

the specimens * from Loch Awe and Fortrose. These are

rather small (c.-b. 1. 22-23°4; 7 being 22°8 or less); their

zygomatic breadth, though greater than in the ‘lowland ”

form, is relatively less than in England ; the cranial width

and depth are slightly mcreased; the palatal length is

distinctly greater, the postmolar length, on the other hand,

shorter, although the bullae remain about as in England;

the nasals are rather larger, especially wider; the diastema

and ineisive foramina are slightly longer, the latter a little

wider ; the rostral breadth and the width of the masseteric

plate are about as in England.

A skull from the mainland of Shetland (North Roe) +

resembles the highland form in its small size, broad deep

brain-case, and short postmolar length; but it differs in

other respects. Although further material is necessary

before the exact status of this form can be determined, it

obviously represents A. sy/vaticus, and is quite distinct from

the large form inhabiting the neighbourmg island of Mid

Yell which is described below as a subspecies of A. fri-

dariensis.

Skulls from Jersey agree with the largest English ones in

size ; their relative dimensions show increased zygomatic,

interorbital, and cranial widths ; a deeper brain-case ; shorter

postmolar length ; rather short diastema, with long and wide

incisive foramina. In several of these respects there is

agreement with the form of the Scotch highlands. The

skull of the Alderney form is considerably larger ; in its

narrower and rather depressed brain-case and Jess expanded

zygomata it agrees with English or Welsh crania.

All four skulls from Scilly are larger than the largest

from England (c.-b. 1. 23°8-24°3) ; the biggest one is nearly

equal to that from Alderney. ‘The zygomatic and inter-

orbital breadths are smali ; the brain-case is as narrow but

not quite so deep as in Wales; the postmolar length is as in

* I have to thank Mr. C. H. Alston, Mr. Hugh St. Quintin, and

Mr. Ogilvie-Grant for this material.

t North Roe is at the northern end of the island; at Dunrossness,

at the southern end, a large form is known to occur, which may turn out

to be a form of fridariensis.

alo Apodemus sylvaticus.

Channel

Scotland. | Islands. -

= |

= ai a | :

oI jaws = a: hl >

= Bi igre (Seo ee ae E o

pe BS Pea a Pe Pe

eee Wik = Wes ae Nee abe ad | tae

(12) 4) A OX3) (9), tas 3) al) (1) (4)

93-0 | 2297| 23:33] 22°6 | 22-4 | 23-55) 24-4

100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100

110-08 |109°5 |108:5 {109-8 |111°5 11105 |109:5 |109°66

55°75| 64°82] 528 | 54-62| 57-2 | 57°35| 55°0 | 5412

17-73| 17°5 | 1656! 17-7 | 17-85] 18251 168 | 172

498} 49:25) 47-7 | 509 he 50:3 | 492 | 49-25

3402] 35:17| 32°56| 35-43) 361 | 35-45! 34-4 | 34-45

47-95| 46°77 | 46:26| 46-45| 46-4 | 46:55| 463 | 47-27

97-45) 26-77 | 26:96| 27-61| 27-2 | 27-0 | 27-5 | 26-97

39:89 | 40°15 | 39°35| 40:16, 406 | 41-65) 389 | 4092

11-89| 11:52] 10-83] 12:14] 11-6 | 11-67] 12:3 | 11-87

ire: 53°82| 54°13| 54:32| 53-6 | 53-95| 545 | 53-9

28-51| 28:05 28°53| 28-9 | 29-0 | 28:25| 283 | 28-2

23-25 23-07 24:13) 28:82) 241 | 24-25) 23-8 | 29-6

734| 772! 686! 7-77| 805; 827| 74 | 687

20-28 19:8 | 19:13) 20-31| 19:6 | 20-65! 19:3 | 19-47|

| | |

1025] 1075| 10-0 | 1029! 107 | 9-97] 11-5 | 11-27

15°64 | 1551 1556 1579 156 | 1615 160 | 1594

100

109-0

| 55°95

17-75

50°6

348

46°25

27:0

39°55

125

54°45 |

29:4

23:3

8:42 |

20°3

10°6

16-0

11-92

28:3

| 23°55

Average Cranial

= ‘

= >)

loses

= mM

(6) | @)

23°08) 22°46

100

108°66 110-08

55°15

17:57

49°35

100

56°32

18°03

50°65

36:01

46°56

27°02

39°62

11°38

53°7

28°11

24:05

778

19-11

10:07

16°33

33°36

46°86

26°95

40-06

53°62

19°65

10°74

15°83

Number in ( ) of skulls upon which averages are based,

. Condylo-basal length ; average in millimetres,

Reductions :—

. Cranial width.

. Cranial depth, in middle.

. Pustmolar length; condyle to m., 3.

. Condylo-basal length equals 100,

Occipito-nasal length. ~

. Zygomatie breadth.

. Interorbital constriction.

Bute.

A, sylvaticus butei.

(11)

21-94

100

110°85

56°32

18°44 | |

51°9

rements of Apodemus. 12]

A, fridari-

Apodemus hebridensis. >,

ensis,

Bad ie: E

z | s 2 %

2 s ; 5 ; , . ee lt. ‘.

Sey & od oe fo Sill i Bi lia cute ais =

ns 3 a <3) 3 § =| 5 — FA os é Es

oar] a oS a Dn a n 3 ~ ae!

BE] 2 = 2 a eS a az 2 F x S| 23

Jesh | 2 S Fs) SS PS B a S Ss | 8a !|Sa

g = < A ala te § E EA eyes pS Ls

ma a) | @) | @) | B) | @!]@® |] @ | ®@) ©] @}] ® |] ©

tinek ah

23°64| 23:1 | 253 | 23-05 | 23:16] 22:7 | 23°73| 23°7 | 22-98) 23-51} 25°55! 249 | 26-06

/ 100 |.100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100

3 1105 1095 |109°0 110-75 110-75 110-0 109°83|1095 110-66 110 62 109-75 110-0 109-0

16 566 | 559 | 53-9 | 55:25] 56°56) 560 | 53-03] 544 | 55-2 | 55-48) 54°75) 558 | 55-23

oh |

moe} 17°96) 18-0 | 166 | 17-3 | 16°83 | 17-4 | 17-28} 171 | 17°52) 17-65) 166 | 16°85) 16-9

49-63 | 46°95! 48:0 | 47-93

ror}

ie)

83 5004| 50:2 | 47:8 | 4965) 51-0 | 50-5

35°23) 35°5 | 35°6 | 34:25) 35°6 | 35:5 | 34:06) 34:35] 35:04] 385°1 | 33-05 82°85 33°1

| 45°97 | 459 | 45:25) 45°55] 4556| 46:3 | 45:9 | 46:25] 45-94| 46-23 46-95] 46-75) 4776

3} 26-77 | 26-0 | 25-7 | 26-45

}} 415 | 398 | 401 | 418 4023) 421 418 | 401 | 399 | 40-94| 411 | 404 | 3063

} 11-65) 11-3 | 11-67| 11-9 | 11-91] 11-7 | 11-93] 17-8 | 12:09| 121 | 10°75) 1065) 12-01

| 54°11 | 53:2 | 55-4 | 55°3 | 54°33] 55-95) 54:03] 54-4 | 54°18] 54-63) 54°35 | 53:95 | 53-13

25°3 | 26°4 | 25:9 | 2876

lor)

or)

v=}

(<>)

| 29°51 290 | 30:25) 27°75) 28:9°| 28-65 | 29-9 | 29:05 | 29°12) 28-48) 29°35] 28:5 | 28-13

33°71 | 22°5 23°56 | 24-7 | 247 | 249 | 246 | 23:15] 24-85] 25-1 | 20-2

ou is

—

773 735 70 | 746) 7-73) 686) 865) 785} 7:32] 7-45) 7-45] 7-03

| | |

1964 208 | 1915) 1885 18:96) 198 | 1883} 19°65] 19:24| 1953] 182 | 2065) 20-7

> | :

1051 108 | 1047 11:25 1066 1035, 1026] 112 | 1073) 1128] 1235! 1065) 1033

16°5 | 15°8

1631

17°55 1325 Sieg 160 | 16:05 or 166 | 15:1 | 15°25) 14:95

8. Condyle to front surface of bulla.

9. Nasal length.

10. Nasal width.

11. Palatal length.

12. Diastema.

13. Length of incisive foramina.

14, Width of incisive foramina.

15. Rostral breadth.

16. Width of masseteric plate (least), i. ¢., the outer wall of infraorbital canal.

17. Cheek-teeth, coronal length. |

122 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on

England, but the bulle are rather smaller; the incisive

foramina are distinctly smaller; the masseteric plate is wider

and the molars slightly longer (as i in Alderney).

The Manx skulls agree in size with the English ones

(c.-b. 1. 23°1-23'2) ; a slightly decreased postmolar length,

a slightly increased palatal length, with a longer diastema,

wider incisive foramina, and deepening of the brain- case are

the principal modifications.

The Irish skulls (c.-b. ]. 22°5-23°7) have the zygomatic

breadth relatively smaller than in English, though greater

than in Welsh or Scotch specimens ; the interorbital and

cranial widths are about as in Wales, but the brain-case is

more depressed ; the postmolar length is rather short, the

bullee slightly smaller than in England; the average palatal

length is slightly diminished. Irish skulls agree more

closely with those from England and Wales than with Scotch

specimens.

The skulls of the wood-mice taken on Clare Island and

Inishmore *, off the west coast of Ireland, were unfortunately

macerated, and are now in fragments. In one from Inish-

more, with much worn teeth, the condylo-basal length

appears to have been about 24; other dimensions were :—

interorbital constriction 4°2; palatal length 13; nasals

9°3 x 2°7 ; diastema 6°9; incisive foramina 5°8 X 1°8; rostral

breadth 4°5 ; masseteric plate 2°4 ; cheek-teeth (crowns) 4 ;

mandible 14°5. This is a large-skulled form which might be

worth further investigation.

B. Hepripean Races.

Apodemus sylvaticus.

Hab. Skye.

Material examined and dimensions. Three from ery

and one from Ardvasar, collected by Mr. P. D. Montague;

and eleven from Uig and Struan, collected by Mr. C. H. B.

Grant :—

Tail, Hind foot,

Head without without

& body. hairs. claws. Ear. C.-b.].

Maximum. No. 3034, Struan,

g, oth July, 1918 ...: 99 98 22 16 23:1 (233)

Average of 14 adults ...... 91-5 | (81:64) 21-225) Tale

In appearance these mice are much like those from the

Scotch highlands and Bute ; the backs are rather dark and

* Barrett-Hamilton, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. xxxi. p. 2 (1912).

British Forms of Apodemus. 123

the silvery ventral surfaces frequently show a feeble pectoral

spot and traces of a median abdominal yellowish wash.

The skull (c.-b. 1. 20°6-23°3) agrees with the “ highland ”

race in size; in its great zygomatic breadth, broad inter-

orbital region, the postmolar length, and long molars it

agrees with or approaches the Bute form; the brain-case is

no wider than in the highlands, but still deeper than in

Bute ; the bull are slightly smaller than in either; as in

Welsh and Irish skulls the palatal length averages slightly

shorter than usual ; the incisive foramina are slightly longer

and narrower than in Bute.

A. sylvaticus butei *, subsp. n.

Apodemus sylvaticus sylvaticus, Barrett-Hamilton & Hinton, P. Z. 8,

1913, p. 835.

Hab. Bure.

Material examined. Seventeen adults (nine male, eight

female), collected by Mr. R. W. Sheppard between 9th and

23rd March, 1912. Dimensions :—

Tail, Hind foot,

Head = without without

& body. hairs. claws. Far. C.-b. 1.

VETER ON 0. oct s 88°7 778 22 14:76 (of 14) 22-04

Maximum and type.. 100 86 (90) 22°5(23) 15 (16) 23°2

This form is characterized externally by its small size and

dark coloration; a faint trace of the pectoral spot is

frequently present.

The skull is small (c.-b. 1. 20°4—23°2) ; the relative dimen-

sions show, in comparison with A. s. sylvaticus of England,

distinctly greater zygomatic, interorbital, and cranial

breadths ; a deeper brain-case ; shorter postmolar region,

with the bull enlarged rather than diminished ; longer and

rather wider nasals ; greater palatal length ; slightly longer

and much wider incisive foramina ; narrower rostrum; and

longer molars. A comparison of the data given in the table at

pp. 120-121 will show that in several respects, e. g., the palatal

and postmolar lengths, this form resembles the “ highland ”

race, but in others, e. g., the zygomatic, interorbital, and

cranial widths, it stands quite apart or else resembles the

specimens from Skye.

There can be no question that this race is distinct from

that inhabiting England, and I have therefore given it a new

subspecific name. The forms from Skye and the Scotch

* In honour of the Marquis of Bute, to whose generosity we largely

owe this Hebridean collection.

124 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on

highlands agree with the Bute race in coloration, and to a

greater or less extent in skull-characters; but they are

slightly larger and their skulls have some peculiarities of

their own. Much more material is required from the

Scotch highlands before the status of these forms can be

satisfactorily determined.

Apodemus hebridensis hebridensis, de Winton.

Hab. Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

Material examined and dimensions. (a) Seven from Garry-

nahine, Callernish, Western Lewis, collected by Mr. D. An-

derson, 5th-10th April, 1913 :—

Tail, Hind foot,

Head without without

& body. hairs. claws. Ear. C.-b.1.

PAE TAUCE NS is «bis Ries oe 90:43 85°78 28301 14°78

Maximum. No. 23, ¢, 6th

April, TOUS, sit: beesee 98 95 24 14:5 (15) 24:7

The males have the pectoral spot feebly developed; the

silvery ventral surface shows hardly a trace of a yellowish

tinge, but to either side of the clear median line it is dark-

eued here and there by the slaty bases of the hairs which

show through. Line of demarcation rather sharp. In the

females the pectoral spot is larger and the ventral surface

shows a well-marked tendency to be suffused with buffy,

particularly in the median region, where this tint forms an

irregular backward extension from the pectoral spot. Line

of demarcation less clearly defined than in the males. These

characters are more obvious in nos. 19 and 21 than in

nos. 24 and 25.

(6) Two from Tarbet, Harris, collected by Mr. Ander-

so:

Tail, Hind foot,

Head without without

& body. hairs. claws. Lar.

No. 26, 2, 20th April, 1918........ 90 88 5 145

Nasa sc etehl t fhe, Mieke tt ok 85 79 23°5 145

These agree with the females from Garrynahine in cha-

racter of the ventral surface ; they are nearly as in nos. 19

and 21.

by Mr. Anderson, 20th-31st March, 1913 :—

British Forms of Apodemus. 125

Tail, Hind foot,

Head without without

& body. hairs. claws. Far. C.-b. 1.

li ai

Average ........00mm 95°85 87°82 23°25 52

No. 18, ¢, 3lst March,

WONG ss cate 102 90 24 16 23-8 (241)

No. 6, ¢ juv., 22nd

March, 1918 .... 77 72 Ps 15

No. 5, 2 juv., 21st

March, 1913 .... 78 655 22 15

The males nos. 3, 9, and 18 have the ventral surface as in

the males from Garrynahine ; the pectoral spot becomes

gradually larger and the general buffy suffusion more intense

in the other specimens, and culminates in nos. 12 and 13,

in which these features are quite as well developed as in

nos. 19 and 21 from Garrynahine. The females have larger

pectoral spots than have nos. 3, 9, and 18, but they are by

no means so buffy below as nos. 12 and 13. ‘The young

specimens (nos. 5 and 6) were taken in a covert, and may

belong to the same litter ; in view of de Winton’s assertion

(Barrett-Hamilton, P. Z. S. 1900, p. 404) it is of interest to

note that while the male has a coat like the adult, in which

the flanks are light, the under surface silvery, with a bright

pectoral spot and a paler median buffy suffusion behind, the

female has the flanks still dark, and, though a faint beginning

of the buffy stripe can be seen, the under surface is greatly

darkened by the slaty bases of the hairs.

Cranial characters.—The condylo-basal length of adult

skulls ranges between 22°7 and 25 mm. : the average is more

than 1 mm. longer than in 4. s. sylvaticus of England. ‘The

type-skull from Uig, Western Lewis, and the almost topo-

typical skulls from Garrynahine differ from s. sylvaticus

most strikingly in their relatively much shorter postmolar

lengths and smaller bulle; the zygomatic, interorbital, and

cranial breadths are slightly smaller, the brain-case a little

deeper; the nasals are rather longer and distinctly narrower ;

the palatal length is slightly greater, the diastema and

incisive foramina are distinctly longer, the rostrum navr-

rower ; the masseteric plate is slightly wider and the molars

a little longer. The skulls from Stornoway differ, as will be

seen from the table at pp. 120-121, in several respects from

those from Western Lewis. In them the zygomatic and

cranial widths are considerably greater relatively, the brain-

case deeper ; the nasals are slightly longer and distinctly

wider ; the diastema and incisive foramina are a little shorter,

the rostrum broader ; the masseteric plate is a little wider and

126 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on

the molars a little longer. The postmolar length still

averages much less than is normally found in any of the

races of sylvaticus examined. In view of these differences it

is worth recalling that both de Winton and Barrett-Hamilton

thought that two distinct forms of Apodemus occur on Lewis

(P. Z. S$. 1900, pp. 395, 400).

In the few skins before me from North Uist, South Uist,

and Barra (inclusive of those in the Royal Scottish Museum,

kindly lent on a former occasion by Mr. Eagle Clarke) the

ventral surface is silver, with hardly any trace of a buffy

suffusion.

In the single skull before me from Barra the zygomatic

breadth is relatively a little less than the Stornoway average,

but the interorbital, cranial, and nasal widths and the post-

molar lengths are nearly identical. The bulle are slightly

smaller, the palatal length is distinctly, the diastema a little

shorter than in h. hebridensis, with distinctly smaller incisive

foramina, broader rostrum, slightly wider masseteric plate,

and longer molars.

Sout Uist.

One from Loch Boisdale, collected by Mr. D. Anderson :—

Tail, Hind foot,

Head without without

& body. hairs. claws. Ear.

No. 46, ¢, 14th May, 1918.. 91 86 22-15 (old, teeth much

worn, but skull broken).

Apodemus hebridensis hamiltoni, subsp. n.

Hab. The island of Rum, Inner Hebrides.

Material examined. Five, collected by Mr. D. Anderson,

V1Z. :—

Tail, Hind foot,

Head without without

& body. hairs. claws, Ear. C.-b. 1

No. 56, ¢, 5th June, 1918.. 105 91 24 15

No: 57, 5, 7th” ., jy te OO SO ee 15 25'5 (type).

No. 54, 9, 4th _,, ot SST LIO AO Ou 24 815 Pe

Ne. 5d; D5: ay! a presi 1054 800 [aak26 16 ap

No. 58, 2, 7th, ,, pa ore 04 O7 «., 24,816 25:1

INV ETAEO men ciseiets 5.58 pa nics 103° 95°6 24:2 15:2

This form resembles A. h. hebridensis, its closest ally, in

its large size, big hind feet, and short ears. The general

colour of the neck is as in hebridensis ; the silvery ventral

surface is irregularly darkened by the slaty bases of the

British Forms of Apodemus., 127

hairs which show through here and there. An evident

though not very bright pectoral spot is present, together

with some trace of a general yellowish wash.

The skull is distinctly larger and more massive than that

of hebridensis, from which it is further distinguished by its

relatively less expanded zygomata, narrower interorbital

region aud brain-case, and greater palatal length. The

shoulders of the brain-case are rather strongly ridged ina

manner recalling A. flavicollis ; from the latter it is readily

distinguished by its much smaller bulle, greater palatal

length, and relatively much longer incisive foramina.

This form is named in honour of the late Major Barrett-

Hamilton, to whom we owe the first scientific attempt to

unravel the complex history of the sylvaticus group.

Apodemus hebridensis, subsp. ?

Hab, Etea.

Material examined and dimensions. Two, collected by

Mr. P. D. Montague :—

Tail, Hind foot,

Head without without

& body. hairs. claws. Ear. C.-b. 1.

No. 51, ¢, 29th March, 1913.... 85 78 23 15 23:3

No. 06, 2, ,, 4 ia see oO 78 23 15 22°8

Like the vole of the island these mice have unusually

long thick fur. The back is dark, the line of demarcation

is not sharply defined; the ventral surface has a pectoral

spot and median abdominal wash of buff, which are better

developed in the male.

The relative dimensions of the skulls show some consider-

able differences from those of h. hebridensis, e. g., greater

palatal length, wider masseteric plate, and longer molars.

The teeth, however, are only slightly worn, and these diffe-

rences may be due to immaturity. The status of this animal

cannot be determined without further material.

The wood-mice of Great Cumbrae, Gigha, Tiree, Mull,

Jura, and Islay are, in my opinion, local races of A. hebri-

densis, and they fall into two groups. In the first three

islands their backs appear rufous, the black hairs being

comparatively few; in the remaining islands a greater

abundance of black hairs darkens the backs. The most

rufous mice are those of Great Cumbrae, the darkest those

of Jura.

128 Mr. M. A. C. Llinton on

Apodemus hebridensis cumbre, subsp. n

Apodemus sylvaticus sylvaticus, Barrett-Hamilton & Hinton, P. ZS.

1913, p. 836.

Hab. Great CuMBRAR.

Material examined and dimensions. Six adults (four male,

two female), collected by Mr. R. W. Sheppard between

27th and 30th March, 1912 :—

Tail, Hind foot,

Head without without

& body. hairs. claws. Ear. C.-b. 1.

WAV OREO os we ies etek 95 90°3 22°8 154 (of 4) 22°95

Maximum !,, 20.8% 9 92 23 15 (16) 23°4

IY Peis i= ceels eeete ae 95 90 23 15 23°2

Description. Back rufous, little darker than flanks, the

black hairs being few in number and short ; line of demar-

cation clear, though contrast between flank and belly is not

unusually striking ; ventral surface nearly clear silver, with

hardly a trace of a pectoral spot.

The skull is much like that of A. h. hebridensis, from

which it differs principally in its smaller size. From the

relative dimensions it would appear to have the interorhital

region a little narrower, the cranial width greater, the nasals

slightly shorter and wider, the diastema and incisive foramina

a little shorter than usual in the typical subspecies.

The dimensions of a female from Giena (P. Z. 8. 1913,

p- 836) are :—H. B. 100, T. 85, H. F. 22°5, E. 15 ; its general

appearance is not unlike that of the Cumbrae mice. It

differs in having the back and flanks slightly darker, the line

of demarcation much more definite, in its greater size and

shorter tail. In the absence of the skull one must leave it

for the moment with the Cumbrae form.

Four adults from Tiree (8th to 18th July, 1912), average

102°5-84°25-23°1-13°5, the maximum being 105-88- 24

13 (13°5), are larger than those of Great Cumbrae, and have

considerably shorter ears and tails. In colour they are

quite like the Cumbrae form. The only complete skull

before me, though with the teeth nearly worn out, is very

small (ce. -b. 1. 228 8) ; in them the nasals appear to be longer

than usual, the palatal length increased, the diastema is

short as ie Great Cumbrae, but the rostrum is a little

broader. When further material comes to hand this form

will probably need distinct subspecifie recognition,

British Forms of Apodemus, 129

Apodemus hebridensis maclean*, subsp. n.

Apodemus sylvaticus sylvaticus, Barrett-Hamilton & Hinton, P. Z. §.

1913, p. 836.

Hab. Mutt, Inuer Hebrides.

Material examined. Five adult males, collected by Mr.

R. W. Sheppard between 13th and 22nd June, 1912 :—

Tail, Hind foot,

Head without without

& body. hairs, claws. Ear. C.-b. 1.

Pyerape: bth fs) ei: 97 87'4 23°2 14-4 (of 3) 23°73

WUGEXINIUDIG.. 2% ot atots 100 87 (92) 22 (24) 14 (15) 24:2

EL ied dite» itis 100 80 24 145 24-2

Description. This mouse is distinguished from the Great

Cumbrae race externally by its larger size, bigger feet,

shorter tail, and ears; in these respects it makes a nearer

approach to h. hebridensis. The colour is darker than in

A. h. cumbre, the back being clouded by the relatively

numerous and long black hairs; the flanks are lighter,

becoming more pallid below; the line of demarcation is

. somewhat irregular, and not at all sharply defined ; ventral

surface nearly clear silver, with at the most a feeble trace of

the pectoral spot.

The skull differs from that of h. hebridensis in its slightly

smaller size ; relatively much narrower zygomatic arches ;

slightly narrower interorbital region and brain-case, the

latter being more depressed ; the postmolar length is slightly

greater (about as in Stornoway), the bulle distinctly

smaller, though larger than in the form from Arran; the

nasals are rather long and wide, nearly as in Stornoway ;

and the incisive foramina are long and narrow. From the

skull of the Cumbrae form it is distinguished by its greater

size, general narrowness, and relatively smaller bulle.

With this mouse may be placed for the present the wood-

mice of Jura and Islay; the latter, however, differ from the

Mull form and from each other in such a way as to suggest

that with further material we shall be obliged to regard each

as belonging to a distinct subspecies.

* Tn allusion to the local clan.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 9

130 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on

JURA.

Three, collected by Mr. Sheppard between 16th and 18th

May, 1912 :—

Tail, Hind foot,

Head without without

& body. -hairs. claws. Ear. C.-b.1.

Ayorare fc. & ocieet eeiiel ceiie 97°6 785 22°6 14:5 23°

Maximum §y<o% sc icine ase see 100 (84) 22 (24) 14°5 2

In this series the back is heavily clouded with black and

the flanks are dark ; line of demarcation straight and very

sharply defined; ventral surface clear silver, with very feeble

trace of the pectoral spot. In the skull the zygomatic and

cranial widths are relatively greater, the brain-case slightly

deeper, the postmolar region longer, though the bulla are no

larger ; the nasals and diastema are shorter; the incisive

foramina and masseteric plate are broader. In some of

these respects, as the dimensions show, there is an approach

towards h, hebridensis.

Isnay.

Eight, ‘collected by Mr. Sheppard (8rd to 9th May and

7th to 8th August, 1912), and two in the Royal Scottish

Museum :—

Tail, Hind foot,

Head without without

& body. hairs. claws. Far. C.-b. 1.

Average of 9 adults... 93:3 81:6 225 14 _— (of 5) 22:98

Maximum <5 .0s~7 101 85 (90) 22 (23:5) 145 (15) 24°]

This animal is much like the Mull form in external

appearance ; it is, however, smaller, with smaller feet, rela-

tively longer tail,and longer ear. The skull is distinguished

by its greater zygomatic and interorbital widths, broader

and deeper brain-case, rather larger bulle, shorter nasals

and diastema, and broader rostrum and masseteric plate.

In most of these features it makes a nearer approach to

h. hebridensis than do the mice of Jura and Mull.

A young specimen (no. 167, female, 8th August, 1912)

differs remarkably from the young of h. hebridensis in having

the whole ventral surface from lip to anus of a beautiful

clear white; the flanks are but slightly lighter than the

back, the general dorsal colour being like that of the adults ;

the line of demarcation is quite straight and most sharply

defined. The dimensions (65-64-17-8) suggest that this

interesting pelage is an earlier one than that represented in

British Forms of Apodemus. 151

the young specimens from Lewis and Skye noted above ; if

this be so, the quite surprising similarity which exists

between this young animal and the adult pelage of A. epi-

melas may serve as a hint of the nature of the ancestor of

the sylvaticus group.

Apodemus hebridensis fiolagan *, subsp. n.

Apodemus sylvaticus sylvaticus, Barrett-Hamilton & Hinton, P. Z. 8.

1913, p. 835.

Hab. The island of Arran, Inner Hebrides.

Material examined and dimensions. Niue, collected by

Mr. R. W. Sheppard :—

Tail, Hind foot,

Head without without

& body. hairs. claws, Kar. C.-b. 1.

Average of9 .... 983 845 23°5 145 (of 6) 23°53

Maximum ...... 105 86 23°5 (24) 14 (15) 24

SOUS cin Ve ivieia seas 105 83 24 15 24

In the paper above cited Barrett-Hamilton and I described

this as ‘‘a rather large reddish mouse, with a tendency

towards the large foot and short ear of hebridensis.” The

careful examination of the skull which I have since made

leads me to refer it to hebridensis and not to sylvaticus.

The peculiar characters of this form entitle it to subspecitic

rank. In addition to the external characters mentioned

above, it is noteworthy that in the eight specimens, including

the type, which were collected at Brodick, Arran, the ventral

surface has no trace of a pectoral spot and is silvery, though

occasionally darkened to some extent by the slaty bases of

the hairs; the line of demarcation is sharp. In a female

(no. 61) from the cliffs near King’s Caves there is a bright

pectoral spot which is continued backwards as a median

yellowish wash.

The skull, though a little smaller than in h. hebridensis, is

distinctly larger than in s. sylvaticus. The average relative

dimensions show that it differs from true hebridensis princi-

pally in the lengthening of the pterygoid region, the post-

molar length being longer and the bullz smaller; the nasals

are a little wider, the palatal length rather longer, the

diastema shorter, with somewhat smaller incisive foramina ;

the masseteric plate is distinctly broader and the molar

series longer. ‘The differences noted appear to be correlated

with the muscular needs of a rather more powerful dentition.

* Fiolagan is the name of this mouse in the local Gaelie of Arran

(Alston).

132 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on

Apodemus fridariensis grantii, subsp. n.

Hab. Mid Yell, Shetland. ‘Caught on edge of stream

on hill; altitude 300'” (W. R. Ogilvie-Grant).

Material examined and dimensions. Vive adults (four males

and one female) :—

Tail, Hind foot,

Head without without

& body. hairs, claws. Ear. C.-b. 1.

No. 1, d, 22nd June, 1915... 104 91 23 1G See:

NO, Sree: = te MOOD BT 23 165 25:1

No. 4; ,, 25th. ,; 5 RIVE 79 24 1535 32e%

NOLS; 950 ues 5 oe el 80 25 15-5 24-7 (type)

No. 8, 9, 22nd _,, Plees S cA 96 23 15 Ee

ARVETADS. Chie cn isete enim 1009 8825 2386 159

External characters. This form is outwardly distinguished

from A. f. fridariensis by its slightly smaller size and rela-

tively shorter tail. In coloration it is practically identical

with the type-form, save that a small pectoral spot appears

to be present constantly, and the contrast between the upper

and lower surfaces of the tail is much less evident. The

line of demarcation is unusually distinct on the flanks.

Cranial characters. The skull differs from that of A. f. fri-

dariensis in its slightly smaller size ; it has the brain-case

shorter and rounder, more like that of sylvaticus in form ;

the auditory bullze are smaller ; the nasals slope more gently

forwards, and the dorsal profile appears throughout flatter

and less convex. In 4A. f. fridariensis the infraorbital canal

has its outer wall * unusually powerfully developed and pro-

jecting far in front of its roof; in the present form the outer

wall is much smaller, and resembles that of sylvaticus or

flavicollis. In the mandible the coronoid process is as short

as and even more slender than in A. f. fridariensis; on the

other hand, the angular process is exceptionally long, a

feature which renders it very conspicuous when compared

with the mandibule of the other forms of Western Europe.

Remarks. Large specimens from Dunrossness, at the

southern end of maimland, suggest that a similar form may

occur on that island also. I have much pleasure in naming

this form after its discoverer, to whom I am indebted for

much kindness and material.

* = masseteric plate.”

British Forms of Apodemus. 133

II. Nore on tue GLANs PENIs oF APopEMUS.

Prot. L. Méhely * has recently obtained good differential

characters from the structure of the glans penis in Siciséa,

and he suggests that in many difficult groups of rodents

(e. g., Microtinz) the genitalia will be found to be of great

systematic importance. Unfortunately many of the spirit-

specimens of Apodemus before me are too young to yield

satisfactory characters, but nevertheless they are of much

interest.

Two types of penis are found in these specimens, In one

the organ tapers distally below the bend; the glans is com-

plex, with a large papilla centralis +, distinct p. laterales, a

more or less evident rudiment of a dorsal inner annular fold,

and a large frequently trifid p. lingualis. P. centralis is lofty

and projects noticeably beyond the margin, or outer annular

fold, of the glans ; usually it extends from the centre of the

glans to the dorsal border, in which case, viewed from below,

it is diamond-shaped, and probably consists of both p. cen-

tralis aud p. dorsalis, which have fused ; I have not seen

the latter element distinct in this genus; less frequently

p. centralis is small and separated from the outer margin of

the glans by an inner dorsal annular fold which connects

the two p. laterales. This complex type of glaus was observed

in :—A. hebridensis, B.M. 11.1.3. 415, Barra; A. sylvati-

cus, 98. 9. 29. 3-6, Alderney; 81. 1. 11. 1, Bishopstone,

Hereford ; A. s. callipides, 94. 1. 1. 10-12, Villalba, N.W.

Spain ; 94.3.19.1, Coruna; A. s. ‘‘islandicus,” 0.8.12. 1-3,

Iceland ; A. agrarius, 55. 11. 6. 3, Brants. In these speci-

mens the length of the penis, from bend to end, varied

between 3°7 and 5-3 mm., and was in most cases between

4 and 4°5 wm.; its breadth ranged between 1°5 and 2°2 mm. ;

the testes in all but one case were small (from 4 to 7 mm.

in diameter); in one of the Villalba mice the testis was

11 mm. in diameter.

In the second type the penis is cylindrical below the bend

and considerably larger; the glans is much simpler, the only

structures visible being a large dorsal inner annular fold

and two lateral ventral papille of large size, each of which

is sometimes fused dorsally with the inner annular fold ;

these structures are low and do not project noticeably beyond

the level of the outer margin of the glans, which appears

* L. v. Méhely, Ann, Mus. Nat. Hungarici, xi, 1913, p. 251.

+ The names used by Tullberg.

134 Dr. E. Lénnberg on Binary Nomenclature.

squarely truncated. Such a penis was found in :—A. sylva-

ticus,85 5.5.1, Leicestershire (penis 6°4 x 2°4; testis 12 mm.) ;

74. 11. 25. 8, Shropshire (penis 6°2 x 2:4; testis 12°5 mm.) ;

eight from Fortrose given to me by Mr. Ogilvie-Grant

(penis 4°2-6°5 x 2-2°3 ; testis 12-14 mm.); A. flavicollis

wintoni, 81. 1. 1. 4, Bishopstone, Hereford (penis 6:1 x 2°3;

testis 6 mm., shrivelled and collapsed); 94. 7. 23. 2-3,

Eszek, Slavonia (penis 6x 2°2; testis 12°5 mm.); 4. s. di-

chrurus, 93. 9. 15. 6-7, Corsica (penis 5°5 x 2°4 and 6x 2°6 ;

testis 4 mm.) ; A. mystacinus, 77. 8. 138. 6-7 (penis 8x 3°5

and 7x38; testis 15 and 14 mm.).

It would seem from these facts that the complex type of

glans penis characterizes the young, the simpler one the

adults of A. sylvaticus and allies. The retention of com-

plexity in a Villalba specimen with large testes may indicate

that such complexity is sometimes characteristic of species

or races; it is to be hoped that adult spirit-specimens of the

island forms will be forthcoming. A complex glans is found

in Cricetus*, a simple one in Epimyst and Murine gene-

rally, and we may, perhaps, regard the complex condition as

the more primitive in this group of rodents. In this con-

nection its presence in the young of Apodemus is a matter of

great interest ; and if such a primitive complex glans does

survive in the adult of any true murine, Apodemus is,

perhaps, one of the most likely genera to have such a species.

XIX.— What is Binary Nomenclature?

By Ernar Lonnzere, Ph.D., F.M.Z.S., &c.

No doubt most zoologists hoped that, since the International

Rules cf Zoological Nomenclature had been adopted by the

International Zoological Congresses, the inconsistencies and

irregularities with regard to the scientific designation of

genera and species would cease within a short time. Of

course, some necessary alterations were expected, and would

cause troubles at first (that was foreseen!) , but soon permanent

stability would prevail. Now several years have passed

since the adoption of these Rules, but everybody must admit

that we are still far from a fixed nomenclature. New and

* Tullberg, ‘ Nagethiere,’ Taf. 1. fig. 2.

T Op. eit. Taf. 1. fig. 16,

Dr. E. Lénnberg on Binary Nomenclature. 135

troublesome questions arise one after the other, and well-

known names which have been almost exclusively and

unanimously used in zoological literature are proposed to be

thrown overboard or, still worse, to be used for quite

different genera and species of animals. One of the very

worst examples may be quoted to illustrate this. I suppose

that not one zoologist did not know that the name Cerco-

pithecus designated the Guenons or Long-tailed African

Monkeys. Now an American zoologist has made the dis-

covery that Cercopithecus was, at an earlier date, given by

Gronovius to the South-American Tamarins, formerly called

Midas or Leontocebus, and he demands, by virtue of the law

of priority, the transfer of the name Cercopithecus to the

latter, while the Guenons are favoured with the hitherto

almost unknown name Lasiopyga. What an awful confusion

must arise by such a proceeding is easily imagined! It is

not much better when the name Amia is taken from the

ganoid fish, which, hitherto, has been known in literature

under this name, and transferred to the percoid genus

hitherto called Apogon, and so on.

The question then presents itself: “ Is this in accordance

with the International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature ? ”’

The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature,

which has been elected by the International Zoological Con-

gresses for the purpose of solving difficult problems of

nomenclature, has already given an affirmative reply to this

question by its “Opinion” rendered as no. 20%. But

errare humanum est, and I venture to think that this Opinion

itself is against ‘‘the International Rulesof Zoological No-

menclature,” and I will endeavour to prove this point.

The quoted “Opinion 20” is written by the Secretary to

the International Commission, Dr. Stiles, who discusses the

question whether the genera of Gronovius shall be accepted

or not in the following way : “‘ An examination of Gronow’s

(1753) Zoophylacii [&c.], Fasciculus primus, establishes the

fact that Gronow uses mononominal generic names, quoted

with references from other authors or published with dia-

gnosis. Under the genera he cites species, with references

or diagnosis or both ; these species are not named binominally +

except so far as binominal names are given in synonymy ;

essentially, Gronow’s specific designations are polynominal +

and diagnostic” (/. c.p. 49). Nevertheless, Dr. Stiles con-

* Smithsonian Publications 1938.

+ Itulics by the present writer.

136 Dr. E. Lénnberg on Binary Nomenclature.

tinues on the next page, “Jt is clear that Gronow’s nomen-

clature is binary *—that is, he names two units or things,

genera and species. His generic names, therefore, correspond

to the provisions of the Code, and are to be accepted* as

available under the Code.” -In this remarkable conclusion

11 members of the Commission joined with the Secretary,

and thus the “Opinion” was passed. Only one of the

members voting dissented, distinctly saying that Gronow

has not applied the principles of binary nomenclature.

By this “Opinion,” however, the Commission has decided

that a specific designation which is polynominai at the same

time can be binary! This appears to be a contradictio in

adjecto, unless to the word “ binary ”’ is given a meaning con-

trary to what is generally understood by this word in Natural

History. Strange to say, the Commission appears to have

done that. Another of the « Opinions” (no. 35 fF) is said to

consider “types of genera of binary but not binominal

authors”! This Opinion is also written by Dr. Stiles, and

none of the Commissioners voting has had anything to

remark with regard to whether such an interrogation as this

is entitled to be discussed by the Commission. ‘‘ Opinion

20” appears thus in the mind of the Commission to have

already settled the question concerning the interpretation of

me binary ” as having in zoological nomenclature a meaning

different from, and ‘nearly opposite to, that of binominal.

Let us then return to ‘Opinion 20” and see how it

corresponds with the ‘ International Rules of Zoological

Nomenclature.” Article 2 of these reads as follows: “The

scientific designation of animals is unmominal for sub-

genera and all higher groups, binominal for species, and

trinominal for subspecies.” It is evident enough that this

Article does not leave room for any polynominal names—

on the contrary, it states explicitly that the specific names

shall be binominal. Gronovius’ nomenclature is thus not

in accordance with these Rules.

Article 25, 6, of the latter states that the law of priorit

can be carried out only on the condition ‘‘ that the author

has applied the principles of bimary nomenclature.” The

validity of this is admitted by the writer of ‘ Opinion 20,”

who even quoted this passage. Nevertheless, he says that

Gronovius’ nomenclature is polynominal and “ binary ”

without detecting any opposition between these two words.

On the contrary, he gives the explanation quoted above,

* Italics by the present writer.

+ Smithsonian Publication 2031, pp. 82-83,

Dr. E. Lénnberg on Binary Nomenclature. 137

viz., that ‘‘Gronow’s nomenclature is binary” because “ he

names two units or things, genera and species.”

This definition of binary in combination with nomenclature

is, however, entirely wrong and illogical, because it is in

opposition to the original meaning of the word as well as to

the import it has received in Natural History.

Binary (dinarius) is derived from bis = twice, bint = two

each time, twins. “ Binary” means thus, consisting of two

things, twofold, double. Consequently a binary name is a

name consisting of two units, 7. e. of two words (N.B., not a

designation of two things), and it is identical with binominal

(resp., binomial). Binary nomenclature cannot be anything

else than a nomenclature in which binary (=binominal)

names are used, or identical with binomenclature. It has

been generally applied in such a sense hitherto and must

still be used in that way. It is thus impossible fur me to

give any other interpretation to the words (in Article 25, d, of

tle Internationa] Rules) “ principles of binary nomenclature”

than that they are equal to “ principles of binomenclature.”

Fortuvately, Article 26 of the repeatedly quoted Rules

proves with absolute certainty that 1 am quite right in this.

Article 26 reads as follows :—‘ The tenth edition of Linné’s

‘Systema Nature,’ 1758, is the work which inaugurated the

consistent general application of the binary nomenclature

in Zoology. The date 1758, therefore, is accepted as the

starting-point of zoological nomenclature and of the Law of

Priority.” Now, it is well known to every zoologist that it

really is the binominal names, or the binominal nomencla-

ture (binomenclature), which received “ consistent general

application ” in ‘Systema Nature,’ editio x. (1758). The

word “ binary” in Article 26 of the International Rules

of Nomenclature must, therefore, stand for binominal, and

it appears absolutely inconsistent to give the same word

“binary ” quite another purport in Article 25, 5, to suit the

interpretations of Dr. Stiles.

It must also be remembered that if the word “ binary ”

were not to have the same meaning as binominal, but would

admit such a misinterpretation as Dr. Stiles has tried to

give it in “‘ Opinion 20,” it would be incorrect to determine

1758 as the “starting-point” of zoological nomenclature.

‘‘ Binary” nomenclature in the Stilesian sense is much

older. Linné aud Artedi had consistently applied the same

(that is, used an uninominal constant generic name and a

‘‘polynominal” specific designation at least twenty years

before), and asimilar proceeding can be traced to still earlier

138 Bibliographical Notice.

authors. Artedi especially has put the nomenclature of his

branch of science, Ichthyology, ina clear system. We read,

for instance, in his ‘Philosophia Ichthyologica’ (p. 64), 1738,

the following thesis : “‘ Nomen Genericum est vocabulum

illud, quo omnes species, ad unum genus pertinentes, in-

signiuntur ”; and, further on in the same work (p. 80),

«Nomen specificum est Epitheton illud aliquot vocabulis

constans, quod nomini Generico postponitur, ut una species

Piscium a reliquis Ejusdem Generis dignoseatur.” This is,

J think, clear enough *, but, in spite of it all, the generic

names found in such older works have not been claimed as

valid—if they have not independently been taken up by

later authors,—although they are analogous to those of

Gronovius. This fact also supports my view that only

binominal authors have the right to be considered in modern

nomenclature.

As a conclusion of the above, I insist that :—

(1) The word “ dinary” in Article 25, b, of the Inter-

national Rules of Zoological Nomenclature must be under-

stood as equivalent with dimominal, and every attempt at

giving binary in connection with the words “name” or

“nomenclature ” in zoological literature any other meaning

is of no avail, as being based neither on etymological nor

on historical facts, nor on usage.

(2) “Opinion 20” of the International Commission on

Zoological Nomenclature, as being based on a misinterpreta-

tion of the word “ binary,” must be declared void, and the

same must be the case with “Opinion 37” and any other

Opinion which has been based on the same premises.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE.

Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. With an Atlas of Quarto

Plates. By Henry Suter. Published by the Authority of the

Government of New Zealand. 8vo. Wellington, N.Z, 1913.

Pp. xxii, 1120.

Since the publication in 1880 of Capt. F. W. Hutton’s ‘Manual of

the New Zealand Mollusca’ a very considerable number of species

has been added to the New Zealand fauna. At that date only just

450 forms were known, now close on 1190 are recognized. The

* If only “aliquot vocabulis ” had been changed to “ uno vocabulo,”

were have had the modern nomenclature introduced already in

400%

ee eee

Bibliographical Notice. 139

descriptions of these addenda are scattered through many different

scientific publications; hence the resolve of the New Zealand

Government to undertake the publication of a new ‘ Manual’ is one

that deserves the highest commendation, especially since the work

is to be accompanied by an Atlas of Plates (still to come) depicting,

we believe, all the species.

The compilation of this ‘ Manual’ was entrusted to Mr. H. Suter,

than whom few, if any, are better qualified to carry out such a big

work at all satisfactorily. Not only is the successful accomplish-

ment of such a task by a single writer remarkable, but it has to be

borne in mind that the Antipodean naturalist is most severely handi-

capped by the fact that a very large part of the material and most of

the necessary literature is only to be found over here. Thus, to cite

two examples only under the latter category, when Mr. Suter began

his mission Thiele’s important monograph upon the Chitons had not

reached him and Reeve’s ‘ Conchologia Iconica’ was not available.

All the greater the meed of praise to Mr. Suter, therefore, for the

admirable way in which he discharged his undertaking. The

volume will not only be of immense value to students of the New

Zealand Mollusca, but will be equally indispensable to all workers

in Malacology.

All this is not to say that the work is free from criticism ; on

the contrary, it simply bristles with points needing revision and

correction, especially in matters nomenclatorial.

The classification adopted is that of Dr. Pelseneer in Lankester’s

‘Treatise on Zoology,’ vol. v., save that, for reasons that do not

seem adequate, the retrograde step of treating the Pteropods as a

class apart bas been adopted, whilst we are treated to the extra-

ordinary statement ‘“ that the Gastropods were derived from Ptero-

pods, and not from Opisthobranchs,” and that ‘The Pteropods

undoubtedly already appear in the Paleozoic,” which latter assertion

no wise paleontologist will endorse ; nor can one call to mind any

creditable morphologist who would derive the Gastropoda from the

Opisthobranchia. The location of the Pteropods as a link between

the Amphineura and the Gastropoda is distinctly anomalous.

Much to be deprecated is the too scrupulous insistence in

employing original names, even when faultily founded, such as the

still-born Zymnea, which Mr, Suter expands into Lymnoéa (mis-

spelt Limnoéa on p. v), for Limnea, Worse still, the unhappy inter-

change of Tehysand Aplysia finds endorsement, and yet the family

name Aplysiide is left to do duty in the old sense!

On the whole, except in the case of the few poor cuts, the book

is fairly well printed, but there are some pages in which the

“quads” have printed that should not have been passed. Why

paper of four different shades, which do not correspond in any way

with the contents, should have been used is not explained, whilst

the dual instead of a single alphabetical index detracts from facility

in reference. It is to be hoped that the plates, when they arrive,

will prove superior to the text in “ get up.”

140 Geological Society.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES,

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

March 11th, 1914.—Dr. A. Smith Woodward, F.R.S., President ;

and afterwards Dr. H. H. Bemrose, J.P., Vice-President,

in the Chair.

Mr. E. T. Newroy, in exhibiting a series of small mam-

malian and other remains from the rock-shelter of

La Colombiére, near Poncin (Ain), said that, during the

year 1913, Dr. Lucien Mayet and M. Jean Pissot were working

systematically at the prolific deposits of this locality, and towards

the end of the year made known the discovery of a number of

incised bones and stones, representing the human form as well as

several animals. This discovery was published in the C. R. Acad.

Sci. Paris (vol. clvii. p. 665), and some account of it, with several

figures, appeared in the ‘ Illustrated London News’ for November

Ist, 1913.

The upper part of the deposit is referred to the Neolithic and

Magdalenian ages: but below this, at a depth of 6} feet, a bed

(10 inches thick) was found, which yielded the incised drawings

above mentioned, as well as numerous mammalian remains and

flint-implements ; and this is regarded as of Aurignacian age.

Immediately below the last-mentioned bed a deposit of sand and

small rock-fragments was penetrated to a depth of 10 feet,

and this deposit, also referred to the Aurignacian, was found to

contain an enormous number of bones of small mammals and other

animals. Some twenty species have already been recognized by

the discoverers.

The large number of small bones now shown were obtained by

the exhibitor in sifting about 1 cubic foot of this lower, remarkably

prolific, deposit, which had been sent to him by Dr. Lucien Mayet,

of Lyons.

The following communication was read :—

‘On an apparently Paleolithic Engraving on a Bone from

Sherborne (Dorset).’ By Arthur Smith Woodward, LL.D., F.R.S.,

Pres.G.S.

The author is indebted to Mr. R. Elliot Steel, of Sherborne

School, for the opportunity of studying a fragment of bone bearing

an incised drawing of the fore-part of a horse in the style of

drawings already well known from several habitations of Palolithie

Man. The specimen was found by schoolboys in an old mound of

Geological Society. 141

débris from a quarry in the Inferior Oolite near Sherborne.

Nothing is known of the circumstances under which it originally

occurred ; but the situation of the quarry is in a small dry valley,

on a steep slope facing south-westwards, and the bone may perhaps

have been removed with the remains of a rock-shelter. No

associated specimens of any interest were recovered; but at the

lower end of the same valley, about a quarter of a mile distant,

teeth of mammoth and woolly rhinoceros have been found. Like

the only other British specimen hitherto discovered—that described

by Prof. Boyd Dawkins from the Creswell caves—the drawing is

made on a fragment of rib; and the neck of the horse is fringed by

fine lines, which indicate the short hog-mane usual in sketches made

by the Palolithic race.

April 29th, 1914.—Dr. A. Smith Woodward, F.R.S., President ;

and afterwards William Hill, Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

‘On the Lower Jaw of an Anthropoid Ape (Dryopithecus)

from the Upper Miocene of Lérida (Spain).’ By Arthur Smith

Woodward, LL.D., F.R.S., Pres.G.S.

The Author describes and discusses the greater part of a man-

dibular ramus and symphysis of Dryopithecus fontani, lent to him

by Prof. L. M. Vidal, of Barcelona. The specimen was found by

Senor José Colominas in association with the Hzpparion fauna at

Seo de Urgel, in the Province of Lérida (Northern Spain). It is,

therefore, the latest jaw of an Anthropoid Ape hitherto discovered

in Europe, although probably contemporaneous with the isolated

Anthropoid teeth from the Bohnerz of Wiirtemberg and the well-

known Anthropoid femur from the Sands of Eppelsheim (Hesse-

Darmstadt). The relatively small size of the first molar is to ke

regarded as a primitive character, lost in all modern Anthropoids

except some Gibbons. The shape of the mandibular symphysis is

almost remarkably primitive, with the surface of insertion for the

digastric muscle nearly as large as that of the ancestral Macaques

(for instance, Mesopithecus). The anterior face of the symphysis

slopes directly upwards from the front edge of this insertion, as

in the Macaques, some Gibbons, and very young individuals of tke

Chimpanzee, Gorilla, and Orang. It thus differs considerably frcm

the mandibular symphysis in adult individuals of these existing

Apes, in which the lower portion of the slope curves backwards into

a more or less well-defined flange or shelf of bone, while the digastric

insertion is reduced in extent. The mandibular symphysis of Dryo-

pithecus is, indeed, intermediate in shape between that of the

Upper Miocene or Lower Pliocene Mesopithecus and the Lower

142 Geological Society.

Pleistocene Homo heidelbergensis. So far as its lower Jaw is con-

cerned, Dryopithecus is, therefore, a generalized form from which

modern Anthropoid Apes and Man may have diverged in two

different directions.

May 27th, 1914.—Dr. A. Smith Woodward, F.R.S., President,

The following communication was read:—

‘On the Development of Tragophylloceras loscombi (Sow.).’

By Leonard Frank Spath, B.Sc., F.G.S.

During his investigation of the Charmouth Lias, Mr. W. D.

Lang has carefully collected abundant fossil material with reference

to its exact stratigraphical horizon, and the Author is indebted to

him for permission to study the ammonites. In the material,

Tragophylloceras loscombi (Sow.) is represented by hundreds of

specimens (chiefly young), and a study of the ontogeny of this

interesting ammonite forms the basis of the paper.

A considerable number of specimens were dissected back to the

initial chamber or protoconch, and their development was traced

in detail. Horizon and history (notably previous interpretations

and generic vicissitudes) are also discussed, tables of measurements

are given, and the other species of the genus [especially the pre-

ibex Tragophylloceras numismale (Quenst.) which had long been

confused with the post-ibex Tr. loscombi (Sow.) ] are reviewed.

The evolution of the suture-line was worked out in great detail,

and one of the most important points brought out was the demon-

stration of a simple Pstloceras-like suture-line persisting to a late

and post-constricted stage. The speculations regarding the bearing

of all the important facts upon the phylogeny of the genus Trago-

phylloceras, and upon the connexion of the latter with allied

lineages, will prove, it is hoped, of general interest. The develop-

ment of the suture-line in Pstloceras and Rhacophyllites is given

for comparison.

Since Tragophylloceras has morphic equivalents in Rhaco-

phyllites, as well as in Analytoceras, but, by its suture, is more

nearly related to Huphyllites and the Psiloceratide, it is argued

that it can more naturally be attached to those Mojsvarites-

descendants that Prof. Diener would group in the Pleuracanthi-

tide than to the typical Phylloceratine.

The pre-Triassic ancestors of the Monophyllitine are also

reviewed, and a new classification of the family Phylloceratidze

is proposed.

Miscellaneous. 143

MISCELLANEOUS.

On the Dates of Publication of C. W. Hahn and C. L, Koch, ‘ Die

Arachniden, 1831-1849, By C. Davies Suersorn.

Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tuere are 16 volumes of this work, of which Vols. I.—XV. were

issued in 6 parts each, and Vol. XVI. ended at part 4. Each part

had an original wrapper, on which were printed the month and year

of publication. Messrs. Friedlinder and Son of Berlin have

favoured me with the following note :—‘* 14 Feb., 1914.—We have

a fine copy of the 16 vols., in which the wrappers of the parts are

bound up with the volumes; the dates, however, which are printed

on the backs (month and year) are not special to each part, but are

the same for several parts. Jor instance, in Zweiter Band the

wrapper of part 1 is altered in writing to ‘ Zweiter Heft,’ while the

contents on p. 4 of the wrapper remain the same. It therefore

appears to us that the dates on the fourth page of the wrappers are

without any value.”

The statement in the last sentence of Messrs. Friedliinder’s letter

is, I venture to believe, unduly pessimistic. I have carefully com-

pared the data of their copy with the records in Wiegmann’s

‘ Archiv’ and those of the British Museum, and find that for all

practical purposes, at this distance of time, we can rely on them toa

very considerable extent. Unfortunately the British Museum copy

has been despoiled of its original wrappers ; but the careful system

there in vogue, of pencilling the date of receipt on each part in each

parcel received, has fortunately preserved data uow of the utmost

value. These pencil dates of receipt not only show that the dates

on the original wrappers are in the main accurate, but they also

show that the British Museum received the parts some time before

the recorder for Arachnida of Wiegmann’s ‘ Archiv.’ For instance,

Vols. XITI.-XV. :—

Dates on Recorded by Received by

Original wrappers. Wiegmann. Brit. Mus.

ET i } 14 Feb., 1846.

2. Jan. 1846. | WA 12 Nov., 1846.

3. Feb. 1846. | 1846 1847. U k

4. Mar. 1846. { gp eC bimarkeat,

5. May 1846. | p. 191." 13 apr., 1847.

6. June 1846. ) 13 Apr., 1847.

XIV. 1. June 1846. \ 13 Apr., 1847.

2. Dec. 1846, | WA Unmarked.

3. Mar. 1847. ; 1847-8 J 1849.

4, Apr. 1847. ce > lon '

5. May 1847. | Pp: 338. Ov., 1847.

6G. May 1847. /

B.A I cae fea \ 15 Mar., 1848.

2. July 1847, | ay

2 ya ee +1491 | 1851, | Unmarked.

5. Sept. 1847. | READS.

6. Sept. 1847. ) 14 Noy., 1848.

144 Miscellaneous.

Taking these facts into consideration, the general accuracy of

dating of the wrappers of Hahn and Koch’s other works, together

with a number of odd records, I am accepting the following table

of dates for my ‘Index Animalium’ as a close approximation to

the truth. Any corrections will be most welcome.

I have to thank Messrs. Wesley and Son for an odd copy of

Vol. VI. Part 2, kindly sent to me :—

Teele Maral Soile DX 1841.

2. Sept. 1832. 2. 1841.

3. Dec. 1832. 3. 1841.

4. Mar. 1835. 4. 1842.

5. July 1833. 5. 1842.

6. Oct. 1833. 6. 1842.

II. 1. Dee: 1833, o.G ail 1842.

2. May 1884. 2. eg

3. July 1854. 3. 1848.

4. Oct. 1834. 4, 1843.

5. May 1835. 5. 1845.

6. Aug. 1835. 6. ?

TI. 1. Jan. 1836. 2 AE 1844.

2. Feb. 1836. 2. 1844.

3. July 1836. 3. 1844,

4, 1836. 4, 1844,

5. Dec. 1886. ay 1844.

6. 1837. 6. 1844.

IV. 1. May 1837. Z ATI: 1845.

2: Oct: 183i 2. 1845,

By (Olea) ilissi7 3. 1845.

4. Noy. 1837. 4. 1845.

5. Noy. 1837. 5. 1845. |

6. May 1838. 6. 1845.

V. 1. May 1838. XT wale 1846.

2. May 1838. 2. Jan. 1846.

3. Sept. 1838. 3. Feb. 1846.

4. Sept. 1838. 4. Mar. 1846.

5. Sept. 1838. 5. May 1846.

6. 1839. 6. June 1846.

Vile al: 1839. XIV. 1. June 1846.

2. Apr. 1839. 2. Dec. 1846.

3. 1839. 3. Mar. 1847.

4. 1839. 4. Apr. 1847.

be 1839. 5. May 1847.

6. 1839. 6. May 1847.

VII. 1. July 1859. XV. 1. June 1847.

2. 1839. 2. July 1847.

3. 1839. 3. July 1847.

4. 1839. 4. Aug. 1847.

5. 1839. 5. Sept. 1847.

6. 1840. 6. Sept. 1847.

AVAL 1840. XVI. 1. Oct. 1847.

2. 1840. 2, Oct. 84%

3. 1841. 3. Oct. 1847.

4, 1841. 4. 1847.

5. May 1841. Heriich-Schaeffer’s “ Schlusswort” in

6. 1841. Verzeichniss, Jan, 1849,

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[EIGHTH SERIES.]

No. 80. AUGUST 1914.

XX.—Preliminary Account of Aspidodrilus, a remarkable

Epizoie Oligochete. By H. A. Bayuis, B.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

ELEVEN specimens of a very remarkable little worm, collected

in Sierra Leone by Major H. Kelsall, R.A., were recently

presented to the British Museum by the Imperial Bureau of

Entomology.

According to Major Kelsall’s account, they were found

living as “ external parasites ” ona large earthworm common

in the district. In the absence of specimens of the host it is

impossible to state at present to what genus it belongs ; but

as the “ parasite” is of considerable interest, it is proposed

to give a brief account of it, leaving a more complete study

of it until further well-preserved material is available.

Major Kelsall’s account, as given in a letter to the Bureau

of Entomology, is interesting, and [ quote the following

passage from It :—

“The worm [7. e. the host] is terrestrial, and about 12 or

13 inches long, in general appearance very like the ordinary

Jarge earthworms of this country [se. Great Britain]. Many

that I noticed were infested with the small whitish parasites

(or what appeared to be parasites). I usually found the

worms crawling on the roads or paths, and the parasites

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 10

146 Mr. H. A. Baylis on Aspidodrilus,

were plainly visible, being, as far as I recollect, 2 to 2} mm.

in length, flattish in shape, and moving about on the slimy

surface of the worm.

“The worms, when irritated by touching with a stick,

used to squirt out a clear liquid from a number of pores,

as far as I recollect, arranged in transverse rings about half

an inch apart. The liquid was squirted to a distance of a

couple of inches, and the natives disliked touching [the

worms], believing them, I think, to be poisonous.”

Aspidodrilus kelsalli, gen. et sp. n.

The worms are found at various stages of growth, and are

not all alike as regards sexual maturity.

The largest specimens measure about 5 mm. in length,

and have a maximum width of about 140 mm. Small

individuals, showing no signs as yet of genital organs,

measure only 2 mm. in length.

In shape they are somewhat flattened dorso-ventrally—

less so in the anterior half of the body than posteriorly. At

first sight it was impossible to avoid the impression that they

were some peculiar kind of Trematode, showing not a little

resemblance to forms such as Aspidogaster. On further

study, however, it soon became clear that they must be

referred to the Cheetopoda.

The anterior half of the body is nearly cylindrical, tapering

in front, and shows distinct segmentation. The inter-

segmental grooves, however, are only faintly marked on the

dorsal surface, and scarcely visible at all on the ventral

surface. It was only when a specimen was stained, cleared,

and mounted, that positive evidence of segmentation was

found, in the shape of delicate septa and segmentally arranged

internal organs.

There is a small prostomium, which forms the dorsal lip of

the mouth, as in a typical earthworm, and this is succeeded

by ten segments in front of the clitellum. Hach of these ten

segments bears ventrally, towards either side, a pair of

simple, short, pointed cheete, directed backwards, and having

their inner ends embedded in special sacs, with muscles

attached to the body-wall.

Behind the tenth segment there is a distinct band of

thickened glandular skin, containing large clear cells, and

extending across the dorsal surface and on to the sides of the

body. ‘There can be little doubt that this represents a

clitellum ; it appears to occupy only one segment.

a remarkable Epizore Oligochete. 147

Opposite this glandular patch, on the ventral surface,

there is a Jarge, nearly circular, sucker-like organ, having a

diameter of 0°55 mm. in a transverse direction, but slightly

less than this antero-posteriorly. This sucker is composed of

muscular tissue, the muscles running partly vertically, and

partly concentrically and parallel with the cireular edge. At

the sides of this organ, and somewhat behind its transverse

diameter, there open a pair of ducts surrounded by thick

muscular tissue; these are, I believe, the male ducts, and

may be capable of evagination, though they have not been

seen in an extruded condition.

Immediately behind the sucker the body becomes much

flattened, and at the same time expanded laterally, so as to

form a large, oblong, or somewhat oval disc, in length equal

to half that of the whole animal. This disc, or “shield,” is

bordered by a delicate frilled membrane, which takes its

origin beneath the posterior and lateral projecting parts of

the sucker, and extends round on either side to the anus,

which is placed at the posterior end of the ‘ shield.”

The hinder part of the intestine can be seen running down

the middle line of the shield, even in a specimen which has

not been artificially cleared.

On either side of the shield, on the ventral surface, there

is a series of transverse rows of simple chete, each cheta

being embedded in its own sac with special muscles. Pre-

sumably, though this has not yet been definitely ascertained,

each row corresponds toa segment. In an adult specimen

the anterior rows are about 0°12 mm. apart, but the distance

between each row and the succeeding one diminishes gradually

on passing backwards, the rows nearest to the anus being

very closely crowded together. Conversely, the number of

clete in the rows steadily increases from before backwards.

Thus, in a mature example, which had about 37 rows on

either side, there were four bristles in the first row, five

in the second, and so on up to twenty or more in the last six

fully-formed rows.

The first row on either side, situated immediately behind

and to the side of the sucker, seems invariably to contain

four bristles, which are directed backwards, while the

succeeding rows have their bristles more or less inclined

forwards—very markedly so in the most posterior rows.

All this armature, consisting of sucker, frilled disc, and

cheetee, serves doubtless as a very efficient means of altacli-

ment to, or locomotion on, the slimy surface of the earthworm.

10*

148 Mr. H. A. Baylis on Aspidodrilus,

Internal Anatomy.

T will not attempt to give here a complete account of the

internal organs, as the study of sections of thoroughly well-

preserved material may clear up some points which at present

Aspidodrilus kelsalli. Dorsal view of a mature individual, as seen by

reflected light. Magnified about 22 diameters,

An., anus; CZ., clitellum; Prs., prostomium.

could only be stated in a tentative manner. It may be said,

however, that in most respects the animal shows a remark-

able resemblance in its structure to an earthworm. The

a remarkable Epizoie Oligochete. 149

mouth, placed rather on the ventral surface, is bounded

dorsally by the prostomium, and ventrally and laterally by

Fig. 2.

=~ @

—>~S.

ir)

“4 Ny

Buiisny ait

a \ % ,

UME | t

SSS

—-2 =~

SNS

<~3e5

SSS

SSeS

Int.

Aspidodrilus kelsalli. Ventral view of another specimen, at a similar

magnification,

An., anus; Ch., rows of chet on “shield”; Int., intestine (seen by

partial transparency); 4, mouth; J, ventral nerve-cord ; Sh., frilled

margin of “ shield”; Sw., sucker.

the first true segment or peristomium, which, however, does

not appear to be separated by a detinite septum from the

150 Mr, H. A. Baylis on Aspido Irilus,

prostomium. ‘There is a large pharynx with very muscular

roof, and large muscl:s extending from it, mainly backwards,

to the body-wall. Behind this there is a rather narrow

cesophagus extending from the third to the fifth segment,

while the sixth segment contains a lobed and saccular diver-

ticulum of the cesophagus, lined with cilia, which is very

probably the homologue of the calciferous glands of earth-

worms. Behind this the intestine becomes large and

voluminous, -and its contents appear to consist chiefly of

earth and vegetable débris, suggesting that the animal is not

in any sense a true parasite, but rather a commensal, of the

eaithworm ‘‘ host,” and that it avails itself of the latter as a

means of transport to favourable feeding-grounds. ‘The

digestive portion of the intestine is covered externally with

large flask-shaped cells, the expanded portion of which

proj cts into the ccelom. These, perhaps, represent the

cliloragogen-cells of other oligocheetes.

The. intestine runs directly to the anus, becoming narrow

as it passes backwards. It shows a constriction at ‘the point

where it perforates each septum, and a slight expansion in

each segment.

A pau of nephridia have been seen in each segment from

the sixth to the ninth, and in some of the segments which

compose the caudal “shield,” but neither the occurrence nor

the structure of the nephridia has been worked out in detail.

Large lobed sperm-sacs, containing clumps of sperm-

mother cells similar to those of earthworms, and sperm in

various stages of formation, are found arranged more or less

symmetrically in segments vill.-x., and in the tenth segment

they contain a pair of large ciliated funnels, connected, appa-

rently, by long and much convoluted ducts with the apertures

already mentioned at the sides of the ventral sucker.

‘he ovaries are very peculiar, and need further study.

There appear to be on either side, in segments 1x.-x., four

small rounded clumps of ovarian cells, as well as large

masses which appear to be ova with a very abundant supply

ot yolk. ‘hese eggs are very large in proportion to the size

of the animal, aud seem to be developed, one or two at a

time, from the ovarian clumps, which are apparently floating

freely in the coelom. How the ova escape when ready for

laying is at present unknown, no trace of female ducts

having yet been found,

At the sides of the third segment there are a pair of

openings with thickened flesr7 lips, which lead into what

appear to be the Soames These are a pair of tubes

a remarkable Epizoic Oligochete. 151

with thick muscular walls, containing spermatozoa in the

lumen; after running inwards till they nearly meet in the

middle line, the two organs turn backwards and outwards,

and end in blind expansions just in front of the “ caleiferous

glands,”

Just in front of and behind the distal branch of the

spermathecee are two large crescentic organs of peculiar

histological structure, lying across the body-cavity from side

to side, dorsal to the cesophagus. ‘heir nature is as yet

mysterious, and it can only be said that they seem to receive

an abundant nerve-supply from the visceral system, repre-

sented by a pair of ganglia lying just at the hinder and outer

angles of the pharynx.

‘he nervous system, on the whole, is similar to that of any

annelid, the cerebral ganglia being situated in the first

segment, and connected by circum-pharyngeal connectives

with a double nerve-cord which lies along the ventral side

of the body, close to the body-wall, and is interrupted by a

pair of ganglia in every segment.

The blood-vascular system has not yet been worked out,

but some portions of branches of what would seem to be a

subneural vessel have been detected near the head end of

the worm.

The following is a brief generic diagnosis :—

ASPIDODRILUS, gen. nov.

Small Oligochzeta, having the posterior half of the body

flattened and expanded into an oval disc bearing numerous

transverse rows of chet ventrally. Anterior segments each

bearing two pairs of short, straight chet. Clitellum occupies

segment xi. ; on the ventral side of that segment there is a

muscular sucker, at the edges of which are the openings of a

pair of sperm-ducts.

Ovaries, four pairs, situated in ix.—x., lying free in ccelom ;

ova large, with much yolk.

Spermathecze open in ili, Sperm-sacs in vili.—x., with

large sperm-funnels in x. ; sperm-ducts long and coiled.

Species, A. kelsalli, sp. n.

With the characters of the genus.

Length 5 mm.

Living attached to the exterior of a large earthworm.

Hab. Sierra Leone, West Africa.

‘Type specimens in the British Museum (Natural History).

152 On a new African Syuirrel.

XXI—A new African Squirrel presented to the British

Museum by Capt. the Hon. R. O. B. Bridgeman, RN.

By Guy DoLuman.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Paraxerus bridgemani, sp. n.

Allied to Paraxerus sponsus, Thos. & Wrought., but

distinguished at ouce by its paler colour and orange bordered

tail.

General body-dimensions as in sponsus. Colour of dorsal

surface of body speckled grey washed with pale yellow,

without the rufous tint so dominant in sponsus. Hairs of

back with slate-black bases, pale lemon-yellow middles,

white subterminal rings, and dark tips; in sponsus the

middle portions of the hairs are rufous-orange and the tips

darker and considerably longer. Nasal region, sides of

face, and backs of hands and feet yellowish orange, near

“ ochraceous-buff ”” (Ridgway, 1912). HKntire ventral sur-

face of body yellowish orange, considerably paler than the

underparts of sponsus, which are almost rufous. ‘T'ail con-

spicuously different from that of the Inhambane species, the

orange colour being much more restricted in its distribution,

forming a kind of margin or border to the tail, the median

portion, both above and below, coloured like the back; the

orange colour is much the same as that of the belly, and

paler than in sponsus, where the rufous hair-tips give the

tail a general rufous appearance rather than a richly coloured

border.

Skull shorter and with smaller cranium; nasals more

parallel-sided, the anterior breadth not conspicuously greater

than that of the median constricted area.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 150 mm.; tail 190; hind foot 42;

ear 22.

Skull: greatest length 46 ; condylo-incisive length 39°8 ;

basilar length 346; length of nasals 14:3; greatest width

across nasals 6 ; zygomatic breadth 261 ; squamosal breadth

across brain-case 19°53; palatilar length 17°5; length of

upper check-teeth 8 2.

Hab. Indook, Panda, Portuguese East Africa. Altitude

700 feet.

Type. Adult female. B.M, no, 14, 7.18.1. Original

Prof. M. Bezzi on Ind‘an Pyrgotine. 153

no.4. Collected and presented by Captain the Hon, Rt. O. B.

Bridgeman, R.N.

The general colour of this squirrel renders it easily distin-

enishable from the Inhambane species ; the cranial differences

are such that it seems best to regard this form as a distinct

species,

Capt. Bridgeman, after whom this handsome squirrel is

named, collected a second specimen, exactly like the type,

at the same locality.

XXIU.—Jndian Pyrgotine (Diptera),

By Prof. M. Bezzi, Turin, Italy.

No species of this interesting subfamily had been described

from India or Ceylon up to the end of 1913 ; the Owycephala

? pictipennis, Walker (‘ List of the Spec. of Dipt. Insects

in the Coll. of the Brit. Museum,’ iv. 1849, p. 1162), from

Kast India, which, in Van der Wulp’s Catalogue, p. 172,

is recorded as belonging to Pyrgota, is, indeed, a beautiful

species of the Piatystomine genus Xenaspis, Osten-Sacken,

1881 (Polistomima, Iinderlein, 1912), as was first shown

by Prof. Hendel (Wien. entom. Zeitung, xxvii. 1908,

. 150). This same species was described as X. vespoides

by Prof. de Meijere (‘ Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde,’ xvii.

1904, p. 107) from Darjiling, and is recently recorded

from the same locality by Brunetti (‘ Records of the Ind.

Museum,’ ix. 1913, p. 275). I have seen some specimens of

it taken near Bhowali, Kumaon, 5700 feet, July 1909 and

June 1910, by Prof. A. D. Imms.

In 1913 a very important paper appeared on the subfamily

(“ Neue Beitiiige zur Kenntnis der Pyrgotinen,” Archiv fiir

Naturgeschichte, Ixxix. 1913, pp. 77-118, pl. i.) by Prof.

Hendel, who, in 1908, had already published the monograph

of the group in ‘ Genera Insectorum’ of Wytsman. In this

paper are described the following Indian species, the types

of which are to be found in the British Museum :—

. Adupsilia brahma, Hend.—Nilgiris.

-—~ vulpina, Hend.—Sikikim,

armipes, Hend.—Sikkim.

scutellata, Hend.—N.W. Provinces.

— magnicornis, Hend.—Ceylon.

. Apyrgota pictiventris, Hend.—Cey lon.

unicolor, Heud.—Ceylon.

TUS 1 RO BO

154 Prof. M. Bezzi on Indian Pyrgotine.

In some material (from India and W. China) of the Indian

Museum before me J find four species, one of which is new

to science; and in other material, collected by Prof. A. D.

Imms in the Himalayas, I find three very large species,

one of which is representative of a new genus. My thanks

are due to Dr. Annandale and to Prof. Imms tor having

placed at my disposal for study such important material,

which is now to be found partly in the Indian Museum and

partly in the British Museum.

I will here call attention to the fact that the subfamily

Pyrgotine is, perhaps, not devoid of economic importance—

indeed, a North-American species has been recognized as

parasitic upon Coleoptera Lamellicornia*. The striking

resemblance of these strange flies with tie Conopide is again

further confirmed by these parasitic habits. They are,

perhaps, of nocturnal habits, as some of the Indian specimens

were caught-at light; the European Ad. coarctata was,

however, observed by Prof. Handlirsch flying in the sunshine.

I give the following key for the determination of the Indian

Pyrgotine known to me; it must be remarked that the

species no. 2 1s from China :—

1, (2) Antennal grooves coalescent, forming

a single very deep cavity ; scutellum

entirely bare, with only a pair of

erect bristles at the posterior end ;

all the femora below towards the

apices armed with a double row of

rather strong bristles; second longi-

tudinal vein with a_ preapical

stump; anal vein complete to the

end ; posterior cross-vein very ob-

lique, and therefore the inferior angle

of the discal cell very acute T

2. (1) Antennal grooves well separated by a

prominent complete keel; scutellum

usually haired, and when bare the

marginal bristles are at least two

pairs; femora unarmed.

3. (12) Third longitudinal vein ending at the

apex of the wing; ovipositor with-

out a strong basal tubercle.

4, (9) Anal vein very short; second longi-

tudinal vein usually without a

stump or rarely provided with a very

{Hend.

.. Apyrgota pictiventris,

* Pyrgota undata, Wied., on Lachnosterna, by S. A. Forbes.

+ In all the species here described the costa reaches the end of the

fourth longitudinal vein, but after the end of the third it is very thin and

often hardly distinct.

Prof. M. Bezzi on Indian Pyrgotine. 1

short one; bristles and hairs of the

body entirely black, the macro-

chiete of the head, chiefly the ver-

ticals, being very long and strong ;

ovipositor shortly but densely pilose;

species of sualler size, not more than

8 mm. in Jength.

(6) Wings very broad, with a short pre-

apical stump on the second longi-

tudinal vein; posterior cross-vein

RAPT ODUNUG Ge. <a Sant hme ‘

(5) Wings of usual width; no stump on

the secoud vein; posterior cross-

vein much less oblique.

(8) Sides of the frons near the base of the

antennze bare and shining; third

antennal joint longer than the second

and attenuated towards the end

(7) Sides of the frons near the base of

the antennz dull and clothed with

rather numerous short hairs; third

antennal joint as long as the second,

and not attenuated at end, equally

broad through its whole length

(4) Anal vein complete; second vein

always with a very long stump;

bristles and hairs wholly yellow,

the macrochetz of the head very

short and thin; ovipositor almost

bare; scutellum bare, with 4-6

rather thin bristles; species of

greater size, at least 11 mm. long.

10, (11) Frons narrow, not broader than an eye

at the base ; jowls as broad as the

third antennal joint; peristoma

much shorter than the vertical

diameter of the eye; front femora

below with only a few thin bristles ;

body entirely ofa pale yellow colour;

wings wholly hyaline ..........

(10) Frons very broad, twice as broad as

the eye at the base; jowls above

almost twice as broad as the third

antennal joint ; peristoma at least as

broad as half the vertical diameter

of the eye ; front femora externally

with arow of rather strong bristles ;

thorax and abdomen partly black ;

wings partly infuscated ......

(3) Third ‘longitudinal vein ending before

the apex of the wing; ovipositor

below toward the base with a strong

tubercle ; antenne proportionately

very short; no stump on the second

longitudinal vein; wings spotted ;

body entirely clothed with long and

danse laine. 2 risgrnaaeeeaccce

[pennis, n.

{Hend., var. ampli-

. 2, Adupsilia mugnicornts,

i Hend.

3. Adapsilia scutellata,

. 4, Adapsilia opaca, sp. n.

[sp.

5. Adapsilia angustifr a

[sp. n.

. 6. Adapsilia nocturna,

[sp. m.

7. Tylotrypes immsi,

156 Prof. M. Bezzi on Indian Pyrgotine.

1. Apyrgota pictiventris, Hend., 1913.

This species is described after a single female specimen in

the British Museum taken by Green at Ceylon. There are

in the Indian Museum two @ specimens from Katihar,

Purneah Distr., N. Bengal, 26. iii. 1909, = and a (C. Paiva),

and an additional female specimen from Siliguri, base of

E. Himalayas, Darjiling Distr., 28. iii. 1910, %, caught at

light (Annandale).

These specimens agree very well with Hendel’s description,

and no doubt belong to the same species, which is very

distinct ; also by the coloration of body. The ovipositor is

only slightly hairy.

This species shows much resemblance with Humorphomyra

tripunctata, Dol., from Java, chiefly in the shape of head, in

the position of the hind cross-vein, and in the armed femora ;

but the small cross-vein is placed much after the end of the

auxiliary vein.

2. Adapsilia magnicornis, Hend., 1913, var. amplipennis,

n. var.

The species is described from some specimens of both

sexes in the British Museum collected by Green at Punda-

luoya, Ceylon. There is in the Indian Museum a single

female specimen from Yunnan, W. China, between Tengyneh

and Tali Fu, x. 1909, == (J. C. Brown), which I refer with

doubt to this species, describing it as a variety, which may

be later recognized as a distinct species.

It is of greater size, measuring 8 mm. in length, the wing

being 7°5 mm. long. The third antennal joint is distinetly

longer than the second and exactly shaped as in the following

species. Mesopleura showing a brown band along the fore

border like the following. The wing is 3 mm. broad, and

has the stump on the second longitudinal vein as in the

following ; the hind cross-vein is placed obliquely, the infe-

rior angle of the discal cell being therefore acute, as in the

preceding species.

3. Adapsilia scutellata, Hend., 1913.

Described from a single female in the British Museum from

the N.W. Provinces, India. There are in the Indian Museum

some specimens of both sexes from Katihar, Purneah Distr., N.

Bengal, 18. iii. 1909, 15-16. v. 1910, 4-5. x.1908, =» =,

pag? 105, 2

8802 8803 6057 aH

<=? as? ag (C. Paiva).

Prof. M. Bezzi on Indian Pyrgotine. 157

They agree very well with Prof. Hendel’s good descrip-

tion. The back of the thorax shows a more or less distinct

brown pattern, like that of the preceding species.

The undescribed ¢ is very like the 9; the abdomen is

of a reddish-brown colour on the sides; the genitalia are

rounded, yellow, with a prominent strong spire forwards.

The wing of this species is only 2.4 mm. broad; the body

of the male measures only 6 mm. in length.

4, Adapsilia opaca, sp. n., ?.

Length of body 6 mm., of a wing 5°5 mm.; breadth of a

wing 2°1 mm.

Type in the Indian Museum: a single specimen from

Kangra Valley, 4500 ft., Sikkim, = (Dudgeon).

Nearly allied to the preceding species, but separated by

the shape of the third antennal joint and by the dull antero-

lateral portion of the frons.

Head entirely of a pale yellow colour, whitish below on

the sides of occiput and on the face; a black stripe on each

side on the lower edge of each antennal groove ; frontal stripe

brown ; the whole ot the head is dull, excepting the face, which

is very shining. Antenne wholly reddish yellow, propor-

tionally short, the third joint being as long as the second, not

attenuated towards the end, wholly rectangular; arista bare.

Proboscis and palpi yellow, these last long and broad, black

pilose. Frons with parallel sides, as broad as the eye, flat,

not prominent at the vertex ; frontal stripe clothed with

short black hairs, which extend also on the sides near the

base of the antennee. The macrochete are black and strong ;

a frontorbital on each side ; the inner verticals are very long,

the outer short ; the ocellars are robust, the postverticals very

distinct.

Thorax yellow, but viewed from before it appears to be

covered on the back by a white dust; there are on the back

four brown stripes, the middle ones approached and extended

to the neck, the outer broader but abbreviated before and

interrupted on the suture ; pleure pale yellow, with a brown

vertical stripe on the fore part of mesopleura extending to

the sternopleura, which is entirely brown; a sminall brown

spot on the pteropleura and on the hypopleura. ‘he back is

clothed by short and dense black hairs, which on the pleura

become longer ; the macrochete are black and strong,

Scutellum entirely pale yellow, clothed with black hairs

and provided with four long bristles on the border. Meso-

158 Prof. M. Bezzi on Indian Pyrgotine.

phragma dark brown, Squamule whitish; halteres pale

yellow, with a reddish knob.

Abdomen dark yellow, with black hairs, the segments

after the first being dark brown ; the ovipositor is a little

longer than the abdomen, dark brown towards the base,

yellow in the middle and at end, clothed with rather thick

black hairs ; it bears at end a strong hook.

Legs pale yellow, with brownish tibiz and tarsi; femora

short pilose, without bristles below.

Wings greyish hyaline, with a less distinct fuscous pattern,

consisting of a dark border on the hind cross-vein and of a

dark spot at end of the second longitudinal vein ; costa ex-

tending to the fourth vein, but very thin after the third ;

third vein straight and ending a little before apex of the

wing; hind cross-vein very long, mueh longer than its

distance from the small cross-vein, a_ little sinuous, less

oblique, the inferior angle of discal cell acute ; anal vein

short, reaching the hind border with a spurious continuation.

5. Adapsilia angustifrons, sp. n., 2.

Length of body (with the ovipositor) 11-11°5 mm., of a

wing 12-12°5 mm.; breadth of a wing 5-5:1 mm.

Type in the British Museum, and an additional specimen

in my collection from Kumaon, near Bhowali, 5700 ft.,

14th June and 2ud July, 1910, collected at light by Prof.

A. D. Imms.

Very nearly allied to the Japanese Ad. flavopilos 1,

Hend., but smaller and easily distinct by the much narrower

frons and peristoma. It is entirely of a pale yellow colour,

with all the bristles and hairs of body and legs, without any

exception, yellow.

Frontal stripe with parallel sides, dull, of a dark reddish

colour, brownish near the upper corner of the eyes ; occiput

greyish-dusted, dullish, with a brown transverse stripe above

near the vertex and two faintly distinct and narrow reddish

stripes in the middle, one on each side ; sides of frons, jowls,

aud face very glittering; peristoma opaque; a shining

black spot on the inferior edge of the antennal grooves,

continued as a narrow line to the mouth-edge; a shining

black stripe on the peristoma below the eyes. Vertex less

prominent, but the frons hollowed before it ; the frons at the

base is not broader than an eye, and viewed from the side it

appears to be very produced at the base of the antennze,

being almost as broad as the eye; the face is therefore

Prof. M. Bezzi on Indian Pyrgotine, 159

distinctly retreating, the antennal grooves ending at some

distance above the mouth-edge; the jowls below and the

peristoma are comparatively narrow, about half as broad as

in the figure of duteola by Hendel (p. 84, fig. 2). The an-

tenn are comparatively short, wholly yellow, the third joint

as long as the second and bearing a bare arista inserted

towards its middle. The macrocheta are very thin and

short ; the frons bears only a few short hairs. Palpi long,

but not broad, yellow, and yellow-haired ; proboscis yellow.

Thorax and scutellum entirely of a pale yellow colour,

without any dark spot on the pleurz or on the mesophragma ;

the hairs on the back and on the sides and the very thin

macroch#te are yellow. Scutellum bare, with six marginal

macrochete. Squamule and halteres yellow.

Abdomen yellow, but dorsally more darkened than the

thorax ; first segment cylindrical, a little constricted towards

the middle, almost twice as long as the following segments

together ; ovipositor yellow, very strongly shining, with a

few short hairs, arched ventrally, as long as the abdomen,

3-2 mm.

Legs with the coxe entirely of a pale yellow colour; they

are clothed with short hairs and lack all the longer bristles ;

front femora below with two rows of short bristly hairs,

which are of a rather dark colour; on the dorsal surface

they are very short, pilose. In the allied Indian species,

vulpina, Hend., the legs are much more pilose.

Wings very broad and long, greyish hyaline, without any

distinct pattern or any infuscation on the cross-veins ; the

veins are yellow ; stump of the second longitudinal vein very

long ; third vein ending exactly at the apex of the wing, the

distance of the second vein from it being only a little greater

than that of the fourth ; costa very thin after the third vein ;

hind cross-vein as long as its distance from the small one,

wholly straight; inferior angle of discal cell less acute ;

anal vein extended to the hind border.

6. Adapsilia nocturna, sp. n., 3.

Length of body 12 mm., of a wing 13 mm.; breadth of

a wing 4°5 mm.

Type in the British Museum; a single specimen from

Kumaon, near Bhowali, 5700 ft., 18th June, 1910, caught at

light (Prof. A. D. Imms).

The present species seems to be allied to armipes, Hend.,

from Sikkim, which, however, is black-haired and has black

160 Prof. M. Bezzi on Indian Pyrgotine.

bristles, and the femora much more hairy and armed below.

Tt differs from the preceding in the colour of body, in the

shape of head, and in the more narrow and variegated wings.

Head yellow, opaque on the frons and on the occiput,

shining on the jowls and on the face; frons very broad,

twice as broad as the eye; frontal stripe reddish brown, but

yellow at the base and towards the sides; occiput grey-

dusted, adorned with three brown stripes, forming a triangle ;

the black streak at end of the antennal groove is less distinct

and the vertical black stripe below the eye is also less deve-

loped ; vertex prominent, the frons very hollowed before it

and produced on the sides in a circle around each eye;

peristoma as broad as half the vertical diameter of eye;

antennal grooves not reaching the mouth-edge. Antenne

entirely yellow, rather short, the third joint as long as the

second, with a bare arista. Palpi and proboscis yellow and

yellow-haired ; the short and thin bristles and the few hairs

of the frons are yellow.

Thorax on the back with four very broad and confluent

dull black stripes, the laterals abbreviated before, thus

allowing only the sides and the shoulders more broadly

yellow, the suture and the notopleural line being black ;

pleure black, with broad yellow spots on mesopleura, on

sternopleura above, and on hypopleura ; propleura also

yellow ; mesophragma black ; all the hairs black, those on

the back very short; the macrochzete are thin and of a dark

yellow colour. Scutellum pale yellow, bare, with six mar-

ginal macrochetee. Squamulze and halteres yellow.

Abdomen black, with yellow hind borders to the segments ;

hairs and bristles yellow; first segment as long as the three

following together, cylindrical, restricted towards the middle ;

fourth segment as long as the second and third together,

more broadly yellow; genitalia with a broad prominent

lamella below, of a light yellow colour.

Legs dark yellow, but the middle and hind femora much

daikened, almost blackish ; the external row on the ventral

side of front femora is formed by rather strong but short

black spines; the other hairs and bristles are all short and

yellow.

Wings grey-yellowish, with less developed but distinct

dark patches near the small cross-vein and at end of the

fourth longitudinal vein; nervation like that of preceding

species, but the hind cross-vein a little shorter than its

distance from the small cross-vein; the common base of

fourth and fifth longitudinal veins is much thickened and

callose, unusually broad, and of a blackish colour.

Prof. M. Bezzi on Indian Pyrgotine. 161

TYLOTRYPES, gen. nov.

This new genus is distinguished from all the others on

account of the third longitudinal vein ending some distance

before the apex of the wing; in this character it agrees with

Diasteneura, Hend., from which it is separated by the very

different shape of head and antenne. ‘There is some resem-

blance with the Ethiopian genus Tephritopyrgota, Hend.,

chiefly on account of the wing-pattern.

Head as broad as thorax; frons flattened, 14 times as

broad as eye; vertex very slightly prominent; jowls very

narrow, less prominent above; peristoma narrow, not more

than } the vertical diameter of the eye; antennal grooves

very short, hardly any longer than half the length of

the face; ocelli wanting; eyes broadly oval, less than 14

as long as broad, with the anterior areolets distinctly dilated.

Antenne very short, not surpassing the half of the face ;

third joint as log as the second, oval, with a bare arista

inserted basally ; palpi rather long, but not dilated; proboscis

small, Macrochete rather long and strong—a pair of

ocellar, a pair of divergent postvertical, two pairs of vertical

(the outer much weaker), a single pair of rather weak orbital.

Thorax as broad as long, convex, clothed with long and

dense hairs ; macrochzete rather Jong and strong; a humeral,

three notopleural (2:1), a presutural, three supra-alar ; a

pair of dorso-central and a pair of preescutellar, both rather

weak and less distinct between the long hairs ; the pleural

macrochet are not distinct between the hairs, only the pos-

torior sternopleural being long and prominent. Scutellum

rather convex, distinctly bilobate at end, clothed with thick

hairs, even longer than those of the thorax, and bearing only

a pair of apical macrochetze, which are long and diverging.

Abdomen short and broad ; first segment narrowed at base

and strongly dilated in the distal half, the abdomen being

therefore stalked ; the segments bear on the sides below some

rather long and strong bristles. Ovipositor exceedingly

strong and thick, clothed with long and dense hairs ; it is

longer than the abdomen, and bears at base below a very

large prominent tubercle, directed forwards.

Legs rather short and strong, with somewhat thickened

femora ; the femora are clothed with long hairs, those of the

front pair showing below a complete row of very long but

thin bristles ; coxe with long bristles.

Wings rather small, proportionally short and narrow ;

second and third longitudinal veins straight and parallel, the

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 11

162 ~ Prof. M. Bezzi on Indian Pyrgotine.

third ending at a rather long distance before the tip ; costa

ending a little after the end of the third vein, but prolonged

very thin to the end of the fourth ; the distance between the

ends of the second and third veins is not greater than that

between the ends of the third and of the fourth ; small

cross-vein placed on the middle of the wing, a little beyond

the end of the first vein; hind cross-vein as long as its

distance from the small one, a little arched outwards, its

inferior angle almost right; anal vein prolonged to the hind

border, but very thin after the middle; lower angle of anal

cell very short, almost not drawn out.

‘Type, Tylotrypes tmmsi, sp. n.

7. Tylotrypes immsi, sp. n., .

Length of body (with the ovipositor) 15 mm., length of

wing 9°2 mm.; breadth of wing 3°5 mm.

Type in the British Museum, a single female specimen

from near Bhowali, Kumaon, 5700 ft., 21st June, 1910,

collected by Prof. A. D. Imms, in whose honour the species

is named.

A strong, very hairy species of great size; body dark

brown, with partly yellow head, legs, and ovipositor ; all

the bristles and the hairs, these last very thick and long,

are black.

Frontal stripe of a reddish-brown colour, yellowish before

the vertex, blackish on the sides and above the base of

antenne, clothed with numerous but not long hairs; jowls

and occiput greyish yellow, this last with five black spots

along the upper border; antennal grooves shining dark

yellow, with a dull black stripe below, but the whole of the

head is opaque; palpi and proboscis dark yellow, the first

with short black bristles. Antenne entirely yellow, the

arista almost whitish. )

Thorax and scutellum of a shining dark brown colour,

only the humeral spots being paler yellow; they are clothed

with very long and thick erect black hairs, which before

scutellum and on the pleure are longer. Squamulee whitish ;

halteres yellow.

Abdomen blackish brown, clothed with dense but rather

short hairs ; ovipositor of a shining reddish-yellow colour.

Legs brown, the femora above and the tarsi paler yellow.

Wings greyish yellow, with a not sharply defined pattern,

consisting of a dark spot extending from the base of the third

Mr. If. C. Fulton on Stenopylis. 163

vein to the small cross-vein, including a large hyaline spot

in the submarginal and in the first basal cell; a brown patch

at ends of second and third veins, including two hyaline

spots, one after the other, in the apical part of the submar-

ginal cell; the hind cross-vein is besides margined with

fuscous ; small cross-vein with a broad brown border ; there

is also a brown shade outwards of basal and anal cross-vein.

Nore.

Trypeta (Acinia) ferruginea, Walker (‘ Insecta Saundersi-

ana,’ iv. 1853, p. 387), described from the Hast Indies,

belongs to the Pyrgotine, according to a notice sent me by

Dr. Speiser, who has seen the type at the British Museum.

The wing-pattern is very different from that of any other

at present known Indian species, and approaches that of the

Kithiopian ‘Tephritopyrgote or the Australian Epicerelle,

XXIII.— On Stenopylis, a proposed new Genus of

Endodontide. By Hugs C. Futon.

THIS new genus is proposed for three closely allied species

which have been referred to several genera; the compara-

tively large Brazierta, Ancey, has a similar-shaped peristome,

and the many-whorled Microphyura, Ancey, is somewhat

similar in form, but neither has the internal processes of

Stenopylis.

STENOPYLIS, gen. nov.

Shell minute, planorboid ; umbilicus broad ; whorls 34,

apparently smooth, but with microscopic spiral incised lines

on the underside of shell; aperture constricted; peristome

’ continuous, thickened, and almost free, bent inwards near the

middle of the columellar margin ; parietal wa/l with two spiral

lamine,

Type, S. hemiclausa, Tate.

No. 1. Stenopylis hemiclausa, Tate. Central Australia.

1894, Planispira hemiclausa, Tate, Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Aust. vol, xviii.

192

p. 192.

1896, Microphyura hemiclausa, Tate, Horn Exped, (Mollusca) p. 185,

pl. xvii. fig. 1.

11*

164 Mr. H. C. Fulton on Stenopylis.

Tate’s figure, perhaps, rather exaggerates the prominence

of the spiral incised lines; they are only just discernible

under the microscope. ‘I'he description makes no mention of

the internal spiral laminee. Specimens examined by me were

part of those collected by the Horn Expedition.

No. 2. Stenopylis coarctata, Milldff. Masbate, Bohol,

and Panglao Islands.

1894. Plectopylis coarctata, MOolldff. Nachr. d. d. Malak. Ges. p. 118;

Tryon’s Man. of Conch. (series 11.) vol. ix. p. 146.

1897. Brazieria coarctata, Molldff. Abhand. d. Naturf. Ges, Gorlitz,

. 128.

1807. Brazieria coarctata, v. majuscula, Molldff. Abhand. d. Naturf.

Ges. Gérlitz, p. 123.

In_this species the laminze are reduced to two small

nodules. Specimens received from Quadras of coarctata

from Panglao Island and of coarctata, var. majuscula, from

Masbate Island show no appreciable difference in size or

otherwise. I have not been able to find any description of

the v. majuscula.

No. 3. Stenopylis microdiscus, Bavay. Humboldt Bay,

New Guinea.

1908. Helix (Polygyra) microdiscus, Bavay, Moll. terr. et fluy., Ré-

sultats de ’ Expéd. Se. Néerland. 4 la Nouy. Guinée, v., Zool. p. 2838,

pl. xiv. figs. 10 a—d,

A co-type in the collection of Prof. Bavay has 34 whorls,

thus agreeing with the description quoted above, but the

figure given has 44 whorls. If Prof. Bavay’s specimen

agrees with the type, mecrodiscus is not, in my opinion,

separable from hemiclausa.

The wide geographical range of the foregoing species has

been suggested as a difficulty in placing them together in

one genus, but to me, judging by their shells only, it seems

highly improbable that such closely allied forms can belong

to different genera,

I am indebted to J. H. Ponsonby, Hsq., for valuable

suggestions, and also to Prof. Bavay for allowing me to

examine his specimen of S. mrerodtscus.

On undescribed Cicadide from Catajornia. 165

XXIV.—On a few undescribed Cicadide from California.

By W. L. Distant.

My friend Mr. E. P. van Duzee has sent me some specimens

of the genus Okanagana for examination with some other

already described but rare species of Nearctic genera. Three

species require description and a new genus to be proposed

for a species described by the late Prof. Uhler.

Okanagana vanduzeet, sp. n.

Body black ; ocelli, narrow posterior margin to the pro-

notum, centre and angles to the cruciform elevation and two

small spots in front of same on the mesonotum, base of

rostrum, lateral and posterior margins to face, margins of

clypeus, coxee (excluding central spots), apices and longitu-

dinal streaks to femora, tibie (excluding longitudinal black

streaks), opercula (excluding central black spots), and poste-

rior abdominal segmental margins, beneath, ochraceous or

pale sanguineous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation

mostly black ; tegmina with the costal membrane ochraceous,

its margins black, basal cell ochraceous more or less suffused

with black, base of clavus black, inner basal area pile san-

guineous ; wings with the extreme base ochraceous, tollowed

by a narrow blackish suffusion, base of abdominal area pale

sanguineous, narrowly margined with black ; exposed tym-

panal cavities creamy white; body more or less, especially

beneath, palely pilose; head with the front moderately

conical, centrally longitudinally, linearly, ochraceously im-

pressed, vertex sulcate between ocelli; pronotum with a deep

black central fascia, widened anteriorly and more so poste-

riorly, and anteriorly longitudinally sulcate ; face centrally

suleate; rostrum slightly passing the anterior coxe; legs

longly hirsute, subspinulose ; opercula in ¢ reaching the

basal abdominal margin, longer than broad, apically inwardly

directed ; tegmina broad, about two and a half times as long

as broad.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ , 20-22 mm.; exp. tegm. 52-58 mm.

Hab. California; San Diego County (Z. P. van Duzee,

type Brit. Mus.).

Var. consobrina.

Differing from typical O. vanduzect in the following

166 On undescribed Cicadide from California.

characters :—The two small pale spots in front of the cruciform

elevation are larger and appear as the apices of two ill-defined

obeonical spots to the mesonotum, the lateral abdominal

margins beneath are almost entirely ochraceous, the venation

to the basal areas of both tegmiia and wings is ochraceous ;

structural characters as in O. vanduzeei, and the specimens

are received from the same locality as that from which the

typical species was derived.

Okanagana californica, sp. n.

&. Body above black; a spot at apex of head, a lateral

spot above the insertion of the antennee and another between

the ocelli, lateral and posterior margins and a central linear

spot to pronotum, a lateral spot at each basal angle, the apices

of two indistinet central obconical spots united to a spot at

each anterior angle of the cruciform elevation to the meso-

notum, and the cruciform elevation itself ochraceous ; body

beneath and legs ochraceous ; face (excluding two central

spots and lateral margins), clypeus and space between face

and eyes, rostrum (excluding base), apices of femora and

bases of tibia, and sternal spots black ; tegmina and wings

hyaline, the venation mostly ochraceous; tegmina with the

costal membrane ochraceous, its inner margin black, post-

costal membrane black, basal cell ochraceous, extreme base

pale sanguineous with an anterior black spot ; wings with

the extreme base and base of abdominal area pale sanguineous,

both followed by a slight and narrow blackish suffusion ;

body finely greyishly pilose; head sulcate between the

ocelli; opercula in g¢ longer than broad, their apices widened

and inwardly directed; rostrum reaching the intermediate

COXe.

?. With a subapical transverse ochraceous fascia to the

abdomen above.

Long., excl. tegm., @ 18, 9 16 mm.; exp. tegm? gj aoe,

9? 485 mm.

Hab. California; San Diego County (H. P. van Duzee,

type ¢ Brit. Mus.). : .

TIBICINOIDES, gen. nov.

Head (including eyes) considerably narrower than base of

mesonotum and almost equal to its length (including cruci-

form elevation), front shorter than vertex, which is centrally

sulcate; pronotum longer than head, its lateral margins

On some Cretaceous and Tertiary Cirripedes. 167

sinuate, its posterior angles dilated ; mesonotum (including

the cruciform elevation) almost as long as head and pro-

notum together; abdomen longer than space between apex

of head and base of cruciform elevation ; tympana completely

exposed, coverings entirely absent ; face more or less centrally

suleate; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxze ; opercula

small, transverse ; abdomen beneath with the lateral margins

broadly recurved ; tegmina and wings semiopaque ; tegmina

with the basal cell about twice as long as broad ; apical areas

short in length, eight in number, a curved rudimentary vein,

curved inwardly, crossing tegmen from base of first ulnar

area to base of lower apical area; posterior tibiae with a few

fine spines.

Type, 2. cupreosparsa, Uhler ( Tidicen).

XX V.—Some Cretaceous and Tertiary Cirripedes referred to

Pollicipes. By Tuomas H. Wiruers, F.G.S.

[Plates VII. & VIIL]

Tue Cirripedes discussed in this paper include certain sessile

forms belonging to the family Brachylepadide and a number

of pedunculate forms of the family Pollicipedide. For the

sake of convenience, they are dealt with in the following

order :—(1) the species herein referred to the genus Brachy-

lepas ; (2) a group of species now included in a new genus

Pycnolepas ; and (3) certain species that can now be proved

to belong to the more primitive forms of Scalpellum (sensu

lato) included in the subgenus Scillelepas of the genus

Calantica. A\l these have been hitherto referred to Pollicipes.

Darwin, in his Monograph on the fossil pedunculate

Cirripedes, distinguished the whole of the described species

as either Pollicipes or Scalpellum, and determined certain

characters by which one could distinguish the separate valves

of the species belonging to those two genera. Except for

the more advanced forms of Scalpellum (sensu lato), these

distinctions can no longer be followed, and as our knowledge

of the fossil pedunculate forms increases, it becomes more

evident that the reference of many of these to the genus

Pollicipes cau not be maintained ; indeed, it will probably be

found eventually that very few really belong to that genus.

168 Mr. T. H. Withers on some

All the fossil species in which the valves are not modified

to the extent obtaining in those of Scalpellum were included

by Darwin in Pollicipes ; but it is evident now that some of

these are really primitive forms of Scalpellum (sensu lato),

and that others belong to forms quite distinct from Pollicipes.

1f we consider that Pollicipes or a Pollicipes-like Cirripede

was the ancestral type which gave rise to the various forms

of pedunculate Cirripedes and to certain sessile forms, we

are not at all surprised to find in the Cretaceous rocks a

group of species, which, while in some instances retaining

the Pollicipes type of valve, were modified in respect to the

number, relative position, and structure of the valves of the

capitulum. Such forms as the pedunculate Cirripedes

Zeugmatolepas *, Calantica (Scillelepas and Titanolepas*),

and Pycnolepas, gen. nov., and the sessile Cirripede Brachy-

lepas, illustrate this point.

All of these possess valves which, if found separately,

would unhesitatingly be referred to either Pollicipes or

Scalpellum (sensu lato}, and, indeed, such has always been

the case. Zeugmatolepas and Titanolepas, however, possess

valves which, if found singly, would have been referred

some to Pollicipes and others to Scalpellum.

Hence, until we can piece together the whole or the

greater part of the capitulum in certain of the less modified

species, it is obvious that no true idea of their affinities can

be attained. It is in this direction that future work must

lie, and much work is necessary before the phylogeny of the

group can be studied with advantage.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss certain of these

forms from this standpoint, with a view to indicating their

phylogenetic position.

Family Brachylepadide.

Sessile barnacles in which the shell is composed of an

upper whorl of 8 valves, namely, a widely semiconical carina,

paired scuta, paired long and narrow upper latera, and a

rostrum almost equalling the carina in size, with four whorls

of subtriangular imbricating plates encircling the bases of

the valves of the upper whorl. Basis probably membranous.

The family consists of the single genus Brachylepas.

* Withers, T. H., Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1913, pp. 938, 943.

en ee

Cretaccous and Tertiary Cirr’pedes. 169

Genus Bracuyiepas, H. Woodward.

1901. Brachylepas, Ul. Woodward, Geol. Mag. dee. iy. vol. viii. p. 150,

Genotype. Brachylepas naissanti, Hébert, sp.

The genus Brachylepas and the family Brachylepadidze

were founded to embrace the single species Pyrgoma cretacea

from the B,. mucronata-zone of Norwich, and subsequently

(1906, Geol. Mag. dec. v. vol. ili. pp. 339-340) Dr. Wood-

ward referred to Brachylepas the species Mitella lithotryoides,

Bosquet, from the Maestrichtian of Holland, and Pollicipes

fallax, Darwin, from the Upper Senonian, B. mucronata-

zone of Norwich, A recent paper (Withers, 1912, Geol.

Mag dec. v. vol. ix. p. 321) proved the identity of Brachy-

lepas cretacea with the valve figured by Ed. Hébert (1835,

Mém. Soc. géol. France, ser. 2, vol. v. p. 374, pl. xxix.

fig. 10) as Emarginula (?) naissanti, whence the name of the

genotype became Brachylepas naissanti, Hébert, sp. The

type-species was fully discussed and a restoration given

(reproduced, text-figure 5, p. 201).

Now that we know the form, number, and disposition of

the valves comprising the capitulum of B. naissanti, we can

discuss the species Mifella lithotryoides and Pollicipes fallaz.

The last-named species is dealt with under the new genus

Pycnolepas (see p. 175).

Brachylepas lithotryoides, Bosquet, sp.

1857. Mitella lithotryoides, J. Bosquet, Notice sur quelques Cirripédes

recemment découverts dans le Terrain Crétacé du Duché de Lim-

bourg, p. 23, pl. iii. figs. 5-10.

1857. Mitella fallax, Darwin, sp., tom. cit. p. 21, pl. ii. figs, 8-12,

pl. iii. figs. 1, 2.

1906. Brachylepas lithotryoides, Bosquet, sp.; H. Woodward, “ Cirri-

pedes from the Trimmingham Chalk and other localities in Norfolk,”

Geol. Mag. dec. v. vol. ili. p. 389, figs, 1-4,

Of Mitella lthotryoides Bosquet figured carinz, a scutum,

upper latus, rostrum, and a subrostrum. The subrostrum

and one of the carine have at the base at least two whorls of

imbricating plates, of which some show exteriorly a median

basal notch, just as in B. naissanti. The so-called sub-

rostrum is evidently a rostrum, for it is wider in proportion

to its length than the carina, and, like the carina, has a

series of imbricating plates at its base; it therefore could

not have served as a subrostrum. Although the presence

of a median basal notch in some of the imbricating plates

170 Mr. T. H. Withers on some

shown in Bosquet’s figures renders it very probable that the

plates were attached precisely as in B. naissanti, one cannot,

in the absence of the original specimens, say definitely that

this is the case. ‘The scutum, and the upper latus espe-

cially—if, indeed, it be an upper latus,—depart widely from

the type of valve seen in B. naissanti, but I am not at all

convinced that they belong to B. lithotryoides. Since it is

likely, however, that the carina and rostrum (= Bosquet’s

subrostrum) with the imbricating plates at the base combined

to build up a shell in the same way as in B. naissanti, the

species may be left, at any rate provisionally, in the genus

Brachylepas.

Type. I have so far been unsuccessful in tracing the type-

specimens of this species. Prof. K. Martin, in answer to an

enquiry, says that they are not in the Geological Museum

of the University of Leyden, and Prof. Eugene Dubois

informs us that they are not in Teylers Stichting, Haarlem.

I select the original of Bosquet’s figure 6 a—c, a carina, as

the holotype.

Distribution. Maestrichtian: between Vilt and Sibbe,

Nédercanne, Bémelen, Geulhem, and at St. Pierre, Duchy of

Limbourg, Holland.

Measurements. The carina figured by Bosquet (pl. 11.

fig. 6a—-d) appears to be the largest known valve, and the

length of this is given as 13 mm., which apparently includes

the imbricating plates at the base.

Family Pollicipedide.

PycnoLepas [, gen. nov.

Pollicipeds in which the capitulum is composed of a single

whorl of 8 valves, namely, a long and narrow carina, paired

scuta, paired upper latera which are long and narrow and

overlap the scuta and terga on either side, paired terga, and

a rostrum nearly as large as the carina. Peduncular plates

large.

Genotype. Pollicipes rigidus, J. de C. Sowerby.

Pycnolepas rigidus, J. de C. Sowerby, sp.

(Pl. VIL. figs. 15-19; Pl. VIII. figs. 1-4.)

1836. Pollicipes rigidus, J. de C. Sowerby, Trans. Geol. Soc. 2nd ser.

vol. iv. p. 335, pl. xi. fig. 6*.

JT mvukvcés =compact.

Cretaceous and Tertiary Cirripedes. 171

1851. Pollicipes rigidus, J. de C. Sowerby; C. R. Darwin, Pal. Soe

Monogr. loss, Lepadida, p. 73, pl. iv. fig. 7.

1854. Pollicipes rigidus, J. de C. Sowerby ; C. R. Darwin, Ray Soe.

Monogr. Subclass Cirripedia, Balanidie, Synop. et Index Systematicus,

p- 638.

1854. Pollicipes rigidus, J. de C. Sowerby ; J. Morris, Cat. Brit. Foss.

Quid ed. p- 96.

1865. Pollicipes rigidus, J. de C. Sowerby; J. W. Sulter and H. Wood-

ward, Cat. and Chart I’oss. Crustacea, p. 27, pl. i. fig. 5.

1877. Pollicipes rigidus, J. de C. Sowerby ; H. Woodward, Brit. Mus.

Cat. Brit. Foss, Crustacea, p. 149.

Diagnosis. Capitular valves transversely ridged and: gene-

rally longitudinally ridged. Scuta elongately triangular,

with the basi-lateral portion produced and a narrow wall-

sided ridge curving from the apex to the hasi-lateral angle.

Terga with the apical portion much curved towards the

scuta, and a ridge like that of the scuta curving from the

apex to the basal angle. Peduncular plates with an inwardly

projecting basal ledge, the inner extremity of which is

furnished with a median socket; externally these plates are

irregularly ridged Jongitudinally and transversely.

Distribution. Albian, Gault: Folkestone and Maidstone,

Kent; Eastweare Bay, Sussex; Eclaron (Haute-Marne),

France. Cenomanian, Cambridge Greensand, near Cam-

bridge. Chalk Marl, near Cambridge.

Type. J. de C. Sowerby founded this species on a scutum

and two imperfect carine from the Gault of Folkestone, but

I do not know what has become of the specimens. I select

the scutum as the holotype of the species. Of the three

valves figured by Darwin (1851) from the Gault of Folke-

stone, two, the carina and scutum, are in the Geological

Department of the British Museum, registered respectively

I. 13643 and I. 13644.

Material. Pollicipes rigidus has hitherto been recorded

only from the Gault (Albian), at which horizon it is compa-

ratively common, especially at Folkestone. There is in the

Geological Department of the British Museum, registered

I, 13670, a single scutum from the Gault of Eclaron (Haute-

Marne), France ; and I have two carine from the Cambridge

Greensand, as well as some valves from the Chalk Marl

(Cenomanian) of Cambridge.

Up to the present only the scutum, tergum, and carina

have been described, but we are now able to add considerably

to our kuowledge of the species by the discovery in the

Gault of Folkestone of a rostrum, an upper latus, and 15

plates of tle peduncle. A single upper latus (PI. VIL. fig. 17)

172 Mr. T. H. Withers on some

and 6 peduncular plates (three figured, Pl. VIII. figs. 1-3),

together with a scutum (Pl. VII. fig. 16), were found em-

bedded in a small piece of clay measuring barely 1 cubic

inch, and may therefore belong to the same individual.

This might also be the case with the rostrum (Pl. VII.

fig. 15) and 8 peduncular plates, which were found together

in a similar piece of clay. The remaining single peduncular

plate was found together with a carina.

It is avery significant fact that these peduncular plates

were found on three different occasions, and in association

with the other valves of P. rigidus, for if there had been a

lower series of valves to the capitulum of this species it is

extremely unlikely that one would find 15 peduncular plates

and not a single example of a valve of a lower whorl. We

are therefore led to the conclusion that there was no lower

whorl, and that the capitulum of P. rigidus was formed of a

single whorl of 8 valves.

Measurements. The valves here figured from the Gault of

Folkestone measure respectively :—

Length. Breadth.

mm. mm,

Rostrum ,,..... Apoqasoo8 45 SHO 5 Oe 8:9 57

Scutum. Vit aes peunetee saeee aie 13:0 58

Upper latua.. csn5 Ges ek gael See 58 2-7

Lerp um 7 hanie's sinew eitieslesisnt shies mele 6:7

Carinae . hiv 5 a:s0bied bow e+ gee etmis 14:6 56

Peduncular plate (Pl. VIII. fig.1) .. 1° 2°4

A further peduncular plate has a length of 1°8 mm. and

a breadth of 3°2 mm. Much larger valves are known from

the Gault of Folkestone than any of the above, and in the

British Museum are four valves with measurements :—

Length. Breadth.

mm. mm.

Losi IE GBI b ao 455b0nsenoaos 15:0 88

Scutums lt dS488 teste ee eee 152 78

Tergum, LIpla4s6: vost § Mike pak 19°4 10°6

Carina: “1218689. . pe nie secon 19°3 C1

In the Museum of Practical Geology (no. 26854) there is

a scutum measuring 18°4 mm. in length and 7°5 mm. in

breadth, and this is the largest scutum seen by me.

The valves from the Chalk Marl of Cambridge are rather

small, the largest, ascutum (Pl. VIII. fig. 4), being 4°8 mm.

long and 2°] mm. broad.

ET _—————

Cretaceous and Tertiary Cirripedes. 173

Description of valves. All the valves of this species are

conspicuously marked on their outer surface with sharp,

narrow, steep-sided, prominent ridges parallel to the growth-

lines, and each of these ridges appears to have been formed

at the completion of each period of growth. In some of the

specimens from the Albian (Gault) the spaces between the

ridges are smooth, and in others they are plainly marked

with longitudinal ridges; but, since all the specimens seen

from the Cenomanian (Chalk Marl) have longitudinal ridges

and the ornament altogether is more pronounced, it seems

as if the valves from the Gault with smooth interspaces came

from a lower horizon than those with ridged interspaces.

All the valves from the Chalk Marl are very much smaller

than the valves from the Gault. The following descriptions

are based on valves from the Gault of Folkestone, but any

distinctive features shown by the valves from the Chalk

Marl are pointed out where considered necessary.

Carina (Pl. VII. fig. 19) semicylindrical, widening gradu-

ally from the apex to the basal margin, moderately bowed

inwards, strongly convex transversely, not carinate, basal

margin slightly concave in the middle. Outer surface orna-

mented with a number of irregularly spaced, raised, and

somewhat undulating ridges, which on the extremely narrow

parietes are obliquely upturned; in some specimens the

spaces between these ridges are smooth, but in others, espe-

cially in those from the Chalk Marl, they are plainly marked

with longitudinal ridges. The apical half of the valve pro-

jected freely, and on the inner surface this part of the valve

is marked with growth-lines which extend from the basal

angles and meet in an acutely rounded angle on a slight but

well-marked median ridge.

Rostrum (P|. VII. fig. 15) semiconical, smaller and pro-

portionally wider than the carina, widening rapidly from the

apex to the basal margin, considerably bowed inwards,

strongly convex transversely, basal margin concave. Outer

surface ornamented similarly to the carina. The apical half

projected freely, and on the inner surface this part is marked

with growth-lines which extend from the basal angles and

meet below the apex in a wide flatly rounded angle.

Scutum (Pl. VII. fig. 16; Pl. VIII. fig. 4) elongately

triangular, with the basi-lateral portion produced, strongly

convex transversely, especially in its apical portion, apex

acuminate and strongly curved towards the terga; occludent

margin strongly convex ; basal margin about half the length

of the occludent margin, and making with it an angle con-

174 Mr. T. H. Withers on some

siderably above a right angle; tergo-lateral margin concave

in its upper part, the lower part being rounded and _ pro-

tuberant. Basi-lateral angle somewhat acute, with a slight,

narrow, square-edged extension formed by the projection of

the ridge extending from the apex to this point ; this projec-

tion is extremely prominent in the scuta from the Chalk

Marl (PI. VIII. fig. 4). The apico-basal ridge is very con-

spicuous, being formed of a single ridge in the Gault valves

and of two ridges in the Chalk Mari valves, and extends ina

strongly curved line from the apex about midway between

the outer margins; it is narrow, being usually about half the

width of a zone of growth, and has perpendicular sides, or is,

as Darwin said, wall-sided ; where the transverse ridges

cross this ridge it is produced into slight prominences,

varying in prominence in diffcrent specimens; but in those

from the Chalk Marl the ridge is produced into sharp points.

A slight ridge extends from the apex near and parallel to the

upper part of the tergo-lateral margin, and from this ridge

the valve is inwardly rounded. Some valves are ridged

longitudinally, and others not, but all those from the Chalk

Marl are strongly ridged longitudinally between the trans-

verse ridges. On the inner surface the occludent edge is

broad and flat, is widest adjoining the top of the pit for the

adductor muscle, being there nearly half the width of the

valve, and is marked with growth-lines ; a deep triangular

furrow, marked with growth lines, lies near the tergal mar-.

gin, and serves for the reception of the scutal angle of the

tergum ; just below the furrow and the flat occludent edge

there is a deep pit for the adductor muscle.

Tergum (Pl. VII. fig. 18) subrhomboidal, almost flat trans-

versely, with a curved, narrow, wall-sided ridge like that of

the scutum, extending from the apex to the basal angle,

where it is produced ; apical portion much curved towards

the scuta. The apico-basal ridge is situated about one-third.

the width of the valve from the carinal margin, is only very

slightly raised where crossed by the transverse ridges, which

are not so prominent as on the other valves; in the valves

from the Chalk Mar] the ridge is produced into prominent

sharp points. The upper carinal margin is slightly longer.

than the lower, and makes with it almost a continuous

curve; occludent margin slightly concave, shorter than the

scutal margin. A portion of the valve along the occludent

margin is rounded and protuberant to the extent to which

the valve was overlapped by the scutum ; this raised portion

is followed by a depression, which is bounded by a slight bat

Cretaceous and Tertiary Cirripedes. 175

distinct ridge which extends from the apex to about the

middle of the scutal margin. On the inner surface the

upper carinal edge is flat and wide, and the inner occludent

elge is rounded and narrower, both edges being marked

with growth-lines.

Upper latus (P|. VII. fig. 17) a very acute-angled isosceles

triaugle. External surface marked with irregularly spaced,

slightly undulating, transverse ridges, slightly upturned at

the lateral margins, and in the single valve seen there are

feebly marked longitudinal ridges. The growth-lines are

continued on the inner surface, where they are obliquely

upturned, and meet in a raised, sharp-edged, median ridge,

which extends to the apex. The portion marked with

growth-lines overlapped tle scuta and terga on either side,

the smooth triangular portion being covered by the corium

or membrane lining the inside of the valves.

Peduncular plates (P|. VIII. figs. 1-3). There are fifteen

examples known, and, although of different sizes, all are of

the same type. They have a longitudinally ridged outer

wall, with from two to three prominent transverse ridges,

aud an inwardly projecting basal ledge, on the inner extre-

mity of which is a deep, median, elliptical socket ; the base

of the inwardly projecting portion is concave. Except for

this socket they agree well with some peduncular plates that

appear to belong to the species Pollicipes glaber, F. A.

Roemer.

Pycnolepas fallax, Darwin, sp.

(Pl. Vil. figs. 10-14; Pl. VIII. fig. 5.)

1850. Pollicipes maximus, Sowerby ; R. Kner, Haidinger’s Naturw.

Abhandl. Bd. iti. Abth. 2, p. 35, pl. v. fig. 12.

1850. Pollicipes glaber, F. A. Roemer; A. Alth, Haidinger’s Naturw.

Abhandl. Bd. iii. Abth. 2, p. 198, pl. x. fig. 20.

? 1850. Pollicipes rigidus, J. de C. Sowerby; H. B. Geinitz, Das Quader-

sandsteingebirge, p. 102, pl. ii. figs. 8 a-c.

1851. Pollicipes fallax, Darwin, Pal. Soc. Monogr. Foss. Lepadide,

p. 75, pl. iv. fig. 8.

1854, Pollicipes fallax, Darwin, Ray Soc. Monogr. Subclass Cirri-

pedia, Balanidee, Synop. et Index Systematicus, p. 638.

1854, Pollicipes fallax, Darwin ; J. Morris, Cat. Brit. Foss. 2nd ed. p- 96.

1857. Mitella fallax, Darwin, sp.; J. Bosquet, Notice sur quelques

Cirripédes Terrain Crétacé Duché de Limbourg, p. 17, pl. ii. tigs. 1-7

(non pl. ii. figs. 8-12, pl. iii. figs. 1, 2).

1864. Pollicipes fallax, Darwin; A. Reuss, Sitz. d. K. Akad. Wiss.

Wien, vol. xlix. Abth. i. p. 240, pl. iii. figs. 1-6 (? non figs. 12-15),

1877. Pollicipes fallax, Darwin; H. Woodward, Brit. Mus. Cat. Brit.

Foss. Crustacea, p. 140.

1880. Pollicipes fallax, Darwin; Th. Marsson, Mittheil. naturw, Ver.

Neu-Vorpommern und Rigen, xii. p. 20 (mon pl. ii. fig. 6),

176 Mr. T. H. Withers on some

1886. Pollicipes fallax, Darwin ; J. Kafka, Sitz.-Ber. k. Bohm. Gesell.

Wiss. Prag (1885), p. 571, pl. iii. figs. 2, 8 (partim).

1887. Pollicipes fallax, Darwin; A. J. Fritsch and J. Kafka, Crust.

Bélmischen Kreidef. p. 10, fig. 17 (partim).

1888. Mitella fallax, Darwin, sp.; A. Peron, Bull. Soc. Sci. Yonne,

vol, xli. (1887) p. 267, pl. iii. figs. 5-9.

1893. Pollicipes fallax, Darwin; A. Fritsch, Arch. naturw. Landesd.

Boéhmen, Prague, vol. ix. p. 108, fig. 148.

1902, Pollicipes fallax, Darwin; A. Wolleman, Abh. k. preuss. geol.

Landesanst. N. F. Heft 37, p. 115.

1906. Brachylepas fallav, Darwin, sp.; H. Woodward, Geol. Mag.

dee. v. vol. iii. p. 840, figs. 5-18, 21-22, 24 (non figs. 19, 20, 23). —

1912. Pollicipes fallax, Darwin; T. H. Withers, “ Cirripedes in the

Norwich Museum from the Norfolk Chalk, studied by Darwin,”

Trans. Norfolk and Norwich Nat. Soc. vol. ix. p. 809.

Diagnosis. Capitular valves ridged transversely, but not

longitudinally, or at least very weakly so. Scuta elongately

triangular, with a ridge with sloping sides curving from the

apex to the basi-lateral angle. ‘Terga with a similar ridge

curving from the apex to the basal angle.

Distribution. Upper Senonian, B. mucronata-zone : Nor-

wich and Trimingham, Norfolk ; Clarendon, near Salisbury,

Wilts; I. of Rugen; Liineburg, Hanover. A. quadratus-

zone: East Harnham, near Salisbury, Wilts ; Reims, France.

M. coranguinum-zone: Quidhampton, near Salisbury, Wilts.

Upper Senonian: Gehrden, Hanover ; ? Plauen, near Dres-

den; Ciply and Heure-le-Romain, Belgium ; Nagorzani,

Galicia ; near Lhota Ureticka, and Chotzen, Bohemia ;

Balsberg and Képinge, Scania.

Type. Of this species Darwin had only scuta and terga;

his figured types*, the scutum and tergum from the Chalk

of Norwich, are in the Norwich Museum, registered respec-

tively 2153 (lectoholotype), 2153 c.

Material. Further valves, coming from different horizons,

have been made known by later authors, but we are indebted

more particularly to Bosquet (1857) and H. Woodward

(1906) for our knowledge of the species, especially since the

valves figured by them are from one horizon.

So far it can be proved that P. fallax had a rostrum,

paired scuta, paired upper latera, paired terga, and a carina,

and all these valves are of the same general type as in

Brachylepas, except that the carina and rostrum are longer

and narrower, just asin the other species included in the

new genus Pycnolepas; the arrangement of the valves is

* See T. H. Withers, 1912, Norfoli and Norwich Nat. Soe. vol. ix.

p. 899,

Cretaceous and Tertiary Cirripedes. 177

precisely the same. As to the remaining valves that have

been attributed to this species, it is extremely doubtful

whether they really belong to it, and, in view of the relation-

ship of this species to P. rigidus, there is good reason to

believe that it had no lower whorl! of valves.

Bosquet (1857) figured as belonging to this species a

scutum, tergum, carina, rostrum, subcarina, subrostrum,

an upper latus, and seven valves of the lower whorl.

H. Woodward (1906) figured corresponding valves, with the

exception of the subcarina, but with the addition of two

carinal latera, all the valves having been found together in a

large pyramidal flint. He referred the species to his genus

Brachylepas.

Through the kindness of Mr. R. M. Brydone, F.G:S.,

I have been enabled to examine the whole of his Trimingham

specimens of P. fallax that were described by Dr. Woodward

(1906). In that paper some carinz, rostra, and a supposed

subrostrum were figured, but, in my opinion, fig. 8 is a

small carina, and not a rostrum, and the valve figured

(fig 10) as a subrostrum is merely a young and smaller

example of a rostrum. Among the valves collected by

Mr. Brydone there are small carinz, and there is no reason

why there should not be correspondingly small rostra. The

two carinal latera figured as belonging to P. fallax really

belong to Scalpellum, tig. 19 being a carinal latus of S. fos-

sula and fig. 20 being a similar valve of S. maximum ; aud,

although the valve represented by fig. 19 was found attached

to a carina of P. fullax, it certainly does not belong to that

species. It is of almost the same length as the carina, and

is consequently much too large to have belonged to the same

individual, as suggested by Dr. Woodward, even if it were a

valve of the same species. Of the lower latera figured by

Dr. Woodward, that in the upper figure (fig. 23) agrees very

well with the imbricating plates in Brachylepas naissantz,

and probably belongs to that species ; but the lower figure

(fig. 24) represents only the broken apical portion of a

rostrum of P. fal/ax, and on the inner surface can be scen

the flatly rounded growth-lnes typical of the rostrum of

P. fallax and allied species, the growth-lines indicating the

free projection of the apex.

In identifying these valves and referring them to Brachy-

lepas Dr. Woodward evidently overlooked the fact that in

the type-species there is no subrostrum, and that in his

restoration there is no place for such valves or for the com-

paratively large carinal latera.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 12

178 Mr. T. H. Withers on some

With regard to the so-called subcarinze and _ subrostra

figured by Bosquet (1857), it is highly probable that they

also are small examples of carine and rostra, and the seven

supposed lower lateral plates, of which two show exteriorly

a median basal notch, may be referred with more justification

to Bosquet’s species Brachylepas lithotryoides.

There is also much uncertainty with regard to the valves

considered by other authors to belong to the lower whorl of

P. fallax, and, in fact, there is no real evidence that P. fallax

had a lower whorl of valves, for in the absence of any lower

lateral plates one cannot quite see how this species could

have had subrostra and subcarina.

Therefore, in default of more precise evidence to the con-

trary, 1 prefer to include Pollicipes fallax in the new genus

Pycnolepas, with which it more closely agrees.

According to Mr. Brydone, P. fallax is by far the com-

monest of the Cirripedes in the Trimingham Chalk. It is

met with occasionally in the mucronata-zone of Norwich,

and Dr. H. P. Blackmore has collected in the neighbourhood

of Salisbury a single carina and rostrum from the mucronata-

zone and a single rostrum from the quadratus-zone. The

most interesting specimen, one which constitutes the earliest

record for this species, is a beautifully preserved rostrum

(Pl. VIII. fig. 5) obtained by Dr. Blackmore from the base

of the upper third of the M. coranguinum-zone at Quid-

hampton, near Salisbury. Although this valve has a median

ridge and is so much incurved that I think it must bea

rostrum, it certainly is comparatively narrow for such a valve.

It has a rather different appearance, owing to its being more

strongly and irregularly ridged than the valves from higher

horizons.

Measurements. The valves figured in this paper (PI. VII.

figs. 10-14) measure respectively :—

Length. Breadth.

mm. mm.

FLOStRUM . his ska aiete wie biek’s libder-'s » 141 9:2

CUM |. Bp icm ieee oemtinne ae wee tre 18-0 9:2

Upper latusin. «2. cna sects shiek 125 2°8

‘Teroug” occas see Sexe eee eee 158 108

Carina! los, Soe ses Pian s eee 74 65

? Rostrum (PI, VIII. fig, 5) ...... ry | 3:7

Only two valves are known to me from the English Chalk

that exceed the above iu size, and these are a tergum from

the Trimingham Chalk, said by Dr. Woodward (1906, p. 345)

to be 19 mm. long and 11°5 mm. broad, and a carina in the

Cretaceous and Tertiary Cirripedes. 179

Norwich Museum (21566) measuring 22°71 mm. in length

and 74 mm. in breadth. ‘These measurements, however,

are exceeded by two valves in the Geological Department of

the British Museum, said to be (H. Woodward, 1906, p. 341)

probably from the Ober Quader of Plauen, near Dresden.

They are :—

Length. Breadth.

min, mn.

Seutuna. (LT. 14050) 0). vara s:e ts Aa ak 20:2 10:7

Perrott: BOGS) « 6 .es maddie 23'1 10-0

Description of valves. In this species the valves are mode-

rately thick and conspicuously marked externally with rather

wide, prominent, transverse ridges, which terminate each

zone of growth, but the valves are not ridged longitudinally,

or at least only weakly so. ‘The transverse ridges are more

prominent at the occludent margins of the scuta and terga

and on the lateral margins of the other valves.

Carina (Pl. VII. fig. 14) semicylindrical, slightly or

moderately bowed inwards, strongly convex transversely,

not carinate ; basal margin somewhat concave. Outer sur-

face ornamented with a number of strong but somewhat

flattened ridges, which are sometimes fairly regularly

spaced, but more often irregularly spaced. The apical half

of the valve projected freely, and on the inner surface

the freely projecting portion is marked with growth-lines

which extend from the basal angles and meet in a flatly

rounded angle below the apex.

Rostrum (P1. VII. fig. 10) semiconical, smaller and propor-

tionally wider than the carina, usually considerably bowed

inwards, strongly convex transversely, with a median keel

feebly marked in some specimens, but uot apparent in

others ; basal margin concave. Ornamented externally like

the carina. The valve projected freely to nearly half of its

extent, and on the inner surface this portion is maiked with

growth-lines, which extend from the basal angles, and on

reaching about half the length of the valve turn abruptly

inwards and downwards, and meet in a concave curve below

the apex.

Scutum (Pl. 11. fig. VII) elongately triangular, with the

basi-lateral portion slightly produced, moderately convex

transversely, apex acuminate and strongly bowed towards

the terga ; occludent margin strongly convex ; basal margin

nearly straight, and at the rostral angle making almost a

right angle with the lower part of the occludent margin ;

12*

180 Mr. T. H. Withers on some

tergo-lateral margin usually concave in its upper part, and

convex below. The apico-basal ridge is very prominent,

rather broad, about as broad asa zone of growth, slightly

rounded at its summit, has steeply sloping sides, and extends

in a curved line rather nearer to the tergo-lateral margin.

Apico-basal ridge not at all produced where crossed by the

prominent transverse ridges; the transverse ridges are

* strongly raised, equally spaced, and bend downwards and

are slightly thickened at the occludent margin. A slight

ridge can be seen extending from the apex to the tergo-

lateral angle, and from this ridge the valve at the upper

part of the tergo-lateral margin is inwardly rounded. On

the inner surface the occludent edge is much thickened,

broad and flat, is widest adjoining the top of the pit for the

adductor muscle, being there more than two-thirds the width

of the valve; it is marked with growth-lines. The inner

margin of the occludent edge is considerably raised and over-

hangs the subtriangular depression for the reception of the

scutal angle of the tergum.

Tergum (Pl. VII. fig. 13) subrhomboidal, somewhat convex

transversely, with a curved ridge like that of the scutum,

from which the sides of valve slope steeply, extending from

the apex to the basal angle, but not projecting beyond it ;

apical portion of the valve slightly to moderately curved

towards the scuta. The apico-basal ridge is situated almost

in a median line, and is not produced where crossed by the

transverse ridges. Upper carinal margin usually slightly

shorter than the lower, both of which meet in a well-defined

angle ; occludeut margin usually shorter than the scutal

margin, and of about the same length as the upper carinal

margin. A portion of the valve along the occludent margin

is rounded and protuberaut, and on its inner margin is

bounded by a depression ; about midway between the de-

pression and the apico-basal ridge, slight indications can

be seen in some specimens of an indistinct ridge, evidently

homologous with that seen in the terga of P. rigidus.

Upper latus (Pl. VII. fig. 12) shaped like a very acute-

angled isosceles triangle. External surface marked with

several raised, regularly spaced, and prominent transverse

ridges, slightly upturned at the lateral margins; the mner

lateral margins have a serrated appearance owing to the promi-

nence of these outer ridges. On the inner surface the growth-

lines are obliquely upturned, and meet on a very prominently

raised, sharp-edged ridge, which extends to the apex from

a point just above one-third the length of the valve from the

base.

Cretaceous and Tertiary Cirripedes. 181

Pycnolepas briinnichi, nom. nov.

(Plate VII. figs. 5-9; Plate VIII. fig. 6.)

1839. Pollicipes rigidus, J. de C. Sowerby; J. Steenstrup, Krpyer’s

Naturhist. Tidsskrift, Bd. ii. p. 404, pl. v. tigs, 24-26 (non P. rgidus,

J. de C. Sowerby, 1836).

1851. Pollicipes elegans, C. R. Darwin (non Lesson), Pal. Soc. Monogr.

Foss. Lepadide, p. 76, pl. iv. fig. 9.

1854. Pollicipes elegans, C. R. Darwin, Ray Soe. Monogr. Subclass

Cirripedia, Balanidee, Synop. et Index Systematicus, p. 639.

1857. Mitella elegans, C. KR. Darwin, sp.; J. Bosquet, Notice sur

quelques Cirripéedes dans le Terrain Crétacé du Duché de Limbourg,

p. 14, pl. ili. figs. 5 a, b.

18115. Pullicipes elegans, C. R. Darwin; J. W. Salter & H. Woodward,

Cat. & Chart Foss. Crustacea, p. 27, pl. i. fig. 9.

1912. Pollicipes elegans, C. R. Darwin; K, B. Nielsen, Medd. Dansk

geol. Foren. Bd. iv. p. 32, pl. 1. figs. 18-20, pl. ii. figs. 1-8, 11, 12

(non figs. 9, 10, 15-18).

Diagnosis, Capitular valves transversely and longitudinally

ridged. Scuta subtriangular, with a broad wall-sided ridge,

sometimes broader than the tergo-lateral portion, curving

from the apex to the basi-lateral angle. Terga with the

apical portion only slightly curved towards the scuta, and a

similar but narrower ridge extending almost straight from

the apex to the basal angle.

Distribution. Danian: Fase, Denmark ; Ignaberga, Scania.

Maestrichtian: Bémelen, Duchy of Limbourg, Holland, and

Ciply, Belgium.

Type. Steenstrup originally described a scutum, tergum,

and carina of this species as Pollicipes rigidus, J. de C.

Sowerby. Darwin subsequently described the species as

new, but inadvertently gave it the name Pollicipes elegans,

already, as he well knew, used by Lesson (1830, “ Voyage de

la ‘ Coquille,” vol. il. p. 441; 1831, Ilust. Zool. pl. xxxix.)

for a recent species.

Darwin’s material consisted of three scuta, a tergum, and

two carine received from Prof. Steenstrup, and of two scuta

collected by N. P. Angelin. Since Cirripedes have already

been named after both Darwin and Steenstrup, I name this

after Dr. K. Briinnich Nielsen, to whom we are indebted for

our present knowledge of the species.

Dr. J. P. J. Ravn has most kindly searched among the

Steenstrup collection in Copenhagen University, and informs

me that he can identify neither the valves figured by Steen-

strup as P. rigidus nor those figured by Darwin as P. elegans.

Prot. G. Holm also writes to say that the two scuta mentioned

by Darwin as collected by N. P. Angelin are not in the

Riksmuseum, Stockholm. They were probably in the

Steenstrup collection,

182 Mr. T. H. Withers on some

It would have been best, perhaps, to have fixed on one of

Darwin’s specimens as the holotype of the species, but in

view of the fact that all the specimens have been lost sight

of, I reluctantly fix on the scutum here figured (Pl. VII.

fig. 6) as the holotype.

Material. Only the scutum, tergum, and carina were

known to Darwin, but Dr. K. B. Nielsen has collected a

large number of valves comprising 74 carine and rostra,

129 scuta (81 right and 48 left), 126 terga (64 right and

62 left), and 9 upper latera. Some of these which he

figured (1912) include a rostrum and an upper latus.

Among them are three peduncular plates, which, however,

show no signs of prominent transverse and longitudinal

ridges as one would expect them to if they belonged to such

a highly ornamented species as P. briinnichi ; they agree

more in their ornament with the valves of the species Scille-

lepas dorsata, to which therefore I refer them. The valve

figured as a carinal latus is a rostral latus of S. dorsata

(see p. 193). Dr. J. P. J. Ravn sent me from the Minera-

logical Museum of Copenhagen University the three pedun-

cular plates for examination, but, owing to the fact that the

“carnal latus ” has been lost, he sent other similar valves

determined by Dr. Nielsen, and these without doubt are

rostral latera of S. dorsata. For the specimens of P. briinnicht

figured in this paper | am indebted to Dr. Nielsen, as also

for 42 carine and rostra, 43 scuta, 91 terga, and 3 upper

latera.

Although Dr. Nielsen records upwards of 300 valves, not

asingle valve has been found that could be referred to a

lower whorl.

Measurements. This species probably attained nearly to

the size of P. paronai. To judge from the figures given by

Dr. Nielsen, the valves measured :—

Length. Breadth.

mm. mm.

Rostra” 2.0255. eae cee circa 10:0 55

Deubuny lh. 4 godek wee cate ee ay GRD 7-0

Upper latus 3...020 ie eeee ene + 6:0 15

Pevot ni. fiss oo a0 yoeetas dae ph, £60 8:0

CUI ca cette, Le sate er ere or ce 40

The valves here figured (PI. VIT. figs. 5-9), with the excep-

tion of the upper latus, are much smaller thau the above.

Darwin (1851, p. 76) records a scutum as measuring

1*1 inches in length, which is much larger than that figured

by Dr. Nielsen.

Cretaceous and Tertiary Cirripedes. 183

Description of Valves. The valves of this species have the

ridges terminating each zone of growth much raised and

with steeply sloping sides, the longitudinal ridges also being

raised and prominent.

Carina (PI. VII. fig. 9) semicylindrical, widening gradu-

ally from the apex to the basal margin, moderately bowed

inwards, strongly convex transversely, not carinate, basal

margin slightly concave. Outer surface ornamented with a

number of prominent transverse ridges crossed by longitu-

dinal ridges, which present a goffered appearance where they

meet. ‘The apical portion projected freely for more than a

third the length of the valve, and this part is marked with

growth-lines, which extend from the basal angles and meet

in an acutely rounded angle below the apex; the inner

lateral edges are somewhat thickened for about one-fourth

the width of the valve.

Rostrum (Pl. VII. fig. 5) semiconical, smaller and propor-

tionally wider than the carina, widening rapidly from the

apex to the basal margin, considerably incurved, strongly

convex transversely, basal margin slightly convex. Outer

surface with ornament similar to that of the carina. The

apical half projected freely, and on the inner surface this

part is marked with growth-lines that extend from the basal

angles and meet in a rounded angle below the apex; the

imuer lateral edges are somewhat thickened to about one-

third the width of the valve.

Scutum (Pl. VII. fig. 6; Pl. VIII. fig. 6) subtriangular,

strongly convex transversely, apex acuminate and strongly

curved towards the terga; occludent margin usually strongly

convex ; basal margin almost straight, about half the length

of the occludent margin, and making with it an angle slightly

above 90°; tergo-lateral margin usually strongly concave in

its upper part, and varying from straight to strongly convex

in its lower part, which forms nearly a right angle with the

basal margin. Basi-lateral angle generally slightly produced

and obliquely truncated, the projection being formed by the

apico-basal 1idge. This ridge is a conspicuous feature, and

extends from the apex in a slightly curved line, much nearer

to the tergo-lateral margin. It is much raised, flat-topped,

has perpendicular sides, is wider in most valves than a zone

of growth, in some much wider, and even wider than the

tergo-lateral portion of the valve (see Pl. VIII. fig.6). Itis

formed of longitudinal ridges varying in number from two

to five. An almost imperceptible ridge extends from the

apex almost parallel to the upper part of the tergo-lateral

margin, and from this ridge the valve is strongly rounded

184 Mr, T. H. Withers on some

inwards. Outer surface ornamented with strongly marked,

raised, transveise ridges, crossed by well-marked longitu-

dinal ridges. On the inner surface the occludent edge is

very broad and flat, is widest adjoining the pit for the

adductor muscle, being more than half the breadth of the

valve, and is marked with growth-lines. An elongately-

triangular furrow, marked with growth-lines, is situated

above the pit for the adductor muscle, and is bounded by

the upper part of the inner occludent edge, and this furrow

serves for the reception of the scutal angle of the tergum.

Tergum (Pl. VIL. fig. 8) subrhomboidal, slightly convex

transversely, with an almost straight, wall-sided ridge, much

narrower than that of the scutum, extending from the apex

to the basal angle, where it is produced and truncated ;

apical portion scarcely curved towards the scuta. The apico-

basal ridge is situated almost centrally, and where crossed

by the transverse ridges is produced into sharp points.

Upper carinal margin slightly convex, and the occludent

margin slightly concave, both being about the same length,

and shorter than the lower carinal and scutal margins, which

also are of about the same length. A portion of the valve

is rounded and protuberant along the occludent margin, to

the extent to which the valve was overlapped by the scutum ;

this rounded margin is followed by a wide depression

bounded by a more or less distinct ridge extending from the

apex to about the middle of the scutal margin. On the

inner surface the upper carinal edge is flat, and the inner

occludent edge rounded and narrower, both edges being

uarked with growth-lines.

The upper latus (Pl. VII. fig. 7) has the shape of a very

acute-avgled isosceles triangle. Externally it is marked with

irregular, undulating, raised transverse ridges, abruptly

upturned at the outer margins ; these ridges are crossed by

prominent longitudinal ridges which give to them a goffered

appearance. ‘Lhe growth-lines are continued on the inner

surface and meet ov a raised, sharp-edged, median ridge,

which extends to the apex; this ridge fitted between the

scuta aud terga, the valve on either side overlapping the

scutum and tergum, while the smooth triangular part at

the base was covered by the corium or membrane lining the

ins:de of the valves.

Pycnolepas paronai, de Alessandri, sp.

(Plate VII. figs. 1-4.)

1895. Pollicipes paronai, de Alessandri, Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital. vol. xiii.

p. 266, pl. 1. figs. 8 a-f.

Cretaceous and Tertiary Cirripedes. 185

1906. Pollicipes paronai, de Alessandri, Paleont. Ital. vol. xii. p. 248,

pl. xiii. figs. 1-9.

Diagnosis. Capitular valves with closely set, somewhat

flattened, transverse and longitudinal ridges, the longitudinal

ridges on the scuta and terga being fine, wavy, and radiating

from the apico-basal ridge. Seuta elongately triangular,

with a broad, flattened, steep-sided ridge curving from the

apex to the basi-lateral angle. Terga with the apico-basal

ridge narrower than that of the scutum, almost straight ;

the apex not at all incurved.

Distribution. Oligocene (Aquitanian) : Chieri, Turin, Italy.

Miocene (Helvetian): Colli di Torino, Baldissero, and

Sciolze, Turin, Italy.

Type. Prof. G. de Alessandri founded this species on

carine, scuta, and terga which are in the collection of

Count Luigi di Rovasenda, and of these I fix on the scutum

(figs. 8a, 6) as the holotype. Prof. de Alessandri sub-

sequently figured similar valves, but among the carine

included (1906, pl. xii. fig. 9) a rostrum of the species.

Material. Count Luigi di Rovasenda and Prof. G. de

Alessandri kindly sent me the following valves of this

species :—3 scuta, 6 terga, and 2 rostra. I am also in-

debted to Prof. C. F. Parona for allowing me to borrow the

two caring avd the rostrum (figured, Alessandri, 1906,

pl. xiii. figs. 7-9) which are in the Geological Museum of

the Royal University of Turin.

Measurements. This is the largest species of the genus,

and Prof. de Alessandri gives the following measurements

for the valves described by him :—

Length. Breadth,

mm. mm.

OWL eat aaa were Wise ere iar 24°5 13:0

shergeeran) 2°42 15 3s 0.2. sae odtage toe 29°5 17-0

Wariner oi55 e § anceeuas ele Hae Dae 22:0 10°5

The tergum here figured (Pl. VII. fig. 3), when complete,

must have measured at least 30 mm. in length, and its

breadth is 19°2 mm. Prof. de Alessandri (1906, pl. xiii.

fig. 9) figures a rostrum as a carina, and this valve is

11:2 mm. in length and 7-4 mm. in breadth. The rostrum

here figured (Pl. VII. fig. 1) is broken at the apex, but its

length must have been at least 17 mm., and its greatest

breadth is 9°2 mm., even though the valve is broken at each

basal angle.

Description of Valves. In this species the transverse ridges

terminating each zone of growth are closely and irregularly

186 Mr. T. H. Withers on some

set, and have their edges somewhat rounded and flattened.

The longitudinal ridges are also somewhat flattened, and on

the scuta and terga have a wavy appearance and radiate

from the apico-basal ridge.

Carina (P1. VII. fig. 4) semicylindrical, widening gradually

from the apex to the basal margin, slightly to moderately

bowed inwards, strongly convex transversely, not carinate,

basal margin almost straight. Outer surface ornamented

with a number of prominent, but somewhat flattened trans-

verse ridges, crossed by fine, rounded, closely set, longitudinal

ridges. The apical portion projected freely for less than a

third of the length of the valve, and the portion is marked

with growth-lines which extend from the basal angles and

meet in a rounded angle below the apex ; the inner lateral

edges of the valve are somewhat thickened for about one-

fourth the width of the valve.

Rostrum (P1. VIL. fig. 1) semiconical, smaller and propor-

tionally wider than the carina, widening rapidly from the

apex to the basal margin, moderately bowed inwards, strongly

convex trausversely, basal margin concave. Outer surface

ornamented similarly to the carina. On the inner surface

the lateral edges of the valve are thickened, the median third

of the valve forming a deep hollow between ; the apical

half of the valve projected freely, and this part is marked

with growth-lines which extend from the basal angles and

meet in a rounded angle below the apex.

Scutum (Pl. VII. fig. 2) elongately triangular, proportion-

ally narrow, almost flat transversely, apical portion much

bowed towards the tergum, narrow, and acuminate; occludent

margin strongly convex; basal margin less than half the

length of the occludent margin, and forming with it an angle

slightly less than 90° ; tergo-lateral margin strongly concave

in its upper part, its lower part being rounded and somewhat

protuberant. Basi-lateral angle, where the apico-basal ridge

slightly projects, is obliquely truncated. The apico-basal

ridge extends in a strongly curved line from the apex, rather

nearer to the tergo-lateral margin; it is flatly rounded

transversely, has steep, but not perpendicular sides, and is

more than twice as wide as a zone of growth. Along the

tergal margin the valve is inwardly rounded, but there does

not appear to be any trace of a ridge. Outer surface orna-

mented with a number of prominent transverse ridges, the

interspaces of which are marked with raised transverse lines ;

the transverse ridges are crossed by fine, wavy, longitudinal

ridges radiating from the apico-basal ridge. On the inner

Cretaceous and Tertiary Cirripedes. 187

surface the occludent edge is very broad and flat, and is

widest at a point well above the pit for the adductor muscle,

where it is more than half the width of the valve ; an almost

flat triangular portion of the valve near the tergal margin,

bounded by the raised inner occludent edge, is marked with

growth-lines, and this part served for the reception of the

scutal angle of the tergum ; the adductor muscle pit lies

below the inner occludent edge, but above the pit there is a

comparatively wide sloping portion of the valve between it

and the triangular portion which received the tergum.

Tergum (Pl. VII. fig. 3) subrhomboidal, moderately convex

transversely, with a straight steep-sided ridge, much narrower

than that of the scutum, extending from the apex to the

basal angle, where it is produced ; apical portion scarcely

curved towards the scuta. The apico-basal ridge is situated

rather nearer to the tergal lateral margin, and where crossed

by the transverse ridges is somewhat raised. Upper carinal

margin convex, nearly straight, and about the same length

as the scutal margin; occludent margin convex and of about

the same length as the lower carinal margin. A compara-

tively wide portion of the valve along the occludent margin

is slightly raised and rounded, and slightly protuberant

at the scutal angle; the raised portion is followed by a

depression from which the valve rises to meet an indistinct

ridge or fold in the valve extending from the apex to about

the middle of the scutal margin. On the inner surface a

considerable portion of the valve at the inner occludent and

upper carinal edges is flat and marked with growth-lines,

the inner occludent edge being the narrowest.

Upper latus unknown.

Pycnolepas scalaris, sp.n. (Plate VIII. figs. 7-10.)

Diagnosis. Upper whorl of valves transversely and longi-

tudinally ridged ; the transverse ridges are produced into

sharp spines, where they are crossed by longitudinal ridges.

Scutum triangular, with no apico-basal ridge, and growth-

lines not upturned on the tergo-lateral half of the valve.

Upper latus long and narrow. Tergum unknown.

Material. A right scutum, two rostra, and an upper latus.

Holotype. The rostrum (PI. VIII. fig. 7).

. Horizon and locality. Cenomanian, Chalk Marl: near

Cambridge.

Measurements, This species is one of the smallest of the

188 Mr. T. H. Withers on some

known fossil Cirripedes, and its valves are most beautifully.

ornamented, They measure respectively :—

Length. Breadth.

mm. mm.

Rostrum:(holotype)-. osc sinsk Sseeics wa ee 13

Rostrum, 5... os: eee Seo e ee eet et eee 08

GHEOM 5 suai cs yess yes ay aay: 2:0 15

Upper latua 2.5. 2ed cscs sts Cree Ee 12

Description of Valves. Scutum (Pl. VIII. fig. 10) triangular,

slightly convex ; apical portion inclined from the opposing

scutum, acute, and curved towards the terga. Basal margin

almost ‘straight ; occludent margin convex; tergal margin

concave. Outer surface ornamented with fine transverse

ridges which are not upturned on the tergo-lateral half of

the valve. Where the transverse ridges are crossed by the

longitudinal ridges, they are produced into short sharp spines,

which project outwards but not across the transverse ridges.

On the inner surface is a shallow pit for the adductor

muscle.

Rostrum (Pl. VIII. fig. 7) semiconical, slightly bowed in-

wards, basal margin eeehireulant somew hat concave. Inner

surface thickened near the inner margins, and marked by

growth-lines which are continued under the apex to nearly

half the extent of the valve. Outer surface ornamented with

transverse ridges. On the larger specimen these ridges are

crossed by about seven longitudinal ridges, and are there

produced into short spines, similar to, but more pronounced

than, those on the scutum. Two of the longitudinal ridges,

which occupy a submedian position, are much thicker than

the others. Ou the smaller example the longitudinal ridges

are 10t so apparent.

Upper latus (Pl. VIII. fig. 9) a very acute-angled isosceles

triangle, slightly bowed inwards. The outer surface is

ornamented with prominent transverse ridges which bear

short spines arranged in longitudinal rows, and these spines

are evidently produced by longitudinal ridges crossing the

transverse ridges as in the other valves. Except for two

strong ridges in a median position, the longitudinal ridges

are not apparent between the transverse ridges. On the

inner surface the growth-lines meet on araised, sharp-edged,

median ridge, which extends from about the middle of the

valve to the apex. ‘The valve therefore overlapped the scuta

and terga to about half of its extent.

Structure and Affinities. This species is referred to the

genus Pycnolepas with some doubt, for, although the rostrum

Cretaceous and Tertiary Cirripedes. 189

and upper latus are of the same type as those of the other

species of the genus, the scutum is quite unlike that of any

of them ; the tergum is not known. In the scutum there

is no prominent apico-basal ridge, and the growth-lines do

not differentiate the occludent portion from the tergo-lateral

portion as in the other species. In fact, if the ornamentation

had not been so strikingly similar to that of the other valves,

one would doubt its belonging to the same species. Some

hundreds of separate valves of different species have been

obtained from the Chalk Marl of Cambridge, but none have

been found to agree in ornament except the above valves, so

the probability is that, despite the different form of the

scutum, all these valves belong to the same species. In form

the scutum approaches that referred by Bosquet to his

Brachylepas lithotryoides, but in that species the valve is

comparatively thick and massive, is quite different in the

structure of its inner surface, and can readily be distinguished

by its flat and coarse longitudinal ridges. The rostrum and

upper latera are simiiar in form to those of P. rigidus,

P. briinnichi, and P. paronai, but can be distinguished by

the much more widely-spaced longitudinal ridges, and the

spinose appearance of the valves.

Structure of the Species of Pycnolepas.

In my paper on “ Brachylepas cretacea” (Geol. Mag. 1912),

the species Pollicipes fallax, Darwin, which had been referred

by Dr. H. Woodward to his genus Brachylepas, was left out

of consideration. This was done chiefly because it seemed

probable that to whatever genus P. fallax, Darwin, belonged,

the species Pollicipes paronai, Alessandri, P. elegans, Darwin

(=P. briinnichi), and P. rigidus, J. de C. Sowerby, belonged

also. Au examination of the known valves of these three

species seemed to show that they were related in form,

structure, and disposition, and were precisely similar to the

corresponding valves in P. fallax.

P. paronai, P. elegans, and P. rigidus were represented by

carine, scuta, and terga, and if similarity in shape and

structure were criteria, one would expect to find that these

three species had a large rostrum and a long and narrow

upper latus, as in P. fal/az. This conclusion, strengthened

by the fact that P. rigidus occurred in the Gault clay, made

it seem advisable to wash such material as could be obtained,

in the hope of finding the rostrum and upper latus of

P. rigidus, and these valves were eventually found and

proved to be similar in shape to those of P. fallax. Now

190 Mr. T. H. Withers on some

that the rostrum of P. rigidus is known, it is easy to see

that some of the valves of this species, hitherto considered to

be smaller and wider carine, are really rostra; several

specimens are in the Geological Department of the British

Museum. With regard to 7. paronai, it is clear to me, from

an examination of the specimen, that the valve figured by

Prof. G. de Alessandri (1906, Palzontogr. Ital. vol. xu.

pl. xiii. fig. 9) as a carina of P. paronai is not a carina but

arostrum. A further specimen, which leaves no doubt as

to its being a rostrum, was among the valves given to me by

Count Luigi di Rovasenda ; it is particularly like that of

P. rigidus, and agrees in being wider in proportion to its

length than is the carina. Up to the present, however, the

upper latus of P. paronai has not been found.

There remained, then, P. elegans, Darwin, in which the

carina, scutum, and tergum only were known, but Dr. K.

Briinnich Nielsen has since figured (1912, Meddel. Dansk

geol. Foren. Bd. iv. p. 82, pl. ii. figs. 1-3, 11-12) a rostrum

and an upper latus of P. elegans similar in shape to those of

P. fallax, P. rigidus, and P. paronai.

It is therefore proved that in P. fallax, P. rigidus,

P. elegans, and, except for the missing upper latus, in

P. paronai also, the capitular valves agree in number,

structure, and disposition.

The most important evidence, however, in connection with

these species is afforded by the 15 peduncular plates that

were found on three different occasions with valves of

P. rigidus, and undoubtedly belong to that species. The

circumstances in which these plates were found (see p. 172)

justify the conclusion that in P. rigidus, and by inference in

P. fallax, P. elegans, and P. paronai, there were only 8 valves

to form the capitulum, and that the peduncle was formed of

plates similar to those of P. rigidus here figured.

In support of this conclusion, it should be borne in mind

that only the smaller examples of carme and rostra of

P. fallax have been mistaken for subcarine and subrostra,

and therefore elements of a lower whorl ; no lower lateral

plates have ever been found to substantiate the claim that

that species had a lower whorl. It is also of significance

that among upwards of 3800 valves of P. elegans, as has

already been pointed out, there was found not a single valve

of a lower whorl.

Moreover, no valves of a lower whorl of P. paronai have

been found. This is the largest species of the genus, the

terga attaining nearly 1} inches in length, and if lower

lateral plates had been present they would have been com-

Cretaceous and Tertiary Cirripedes. 191

paratively large and less likely to be overlooked. It is true

that the upper latus of P. paronai has not yet been found,

but this probably being long and narrow would be more

liable to fracture. Most of the valves of this species are

much fractured.

The capitular valves of Pycnolepas agree with those of

Brachylepas in number and disposition, but differ in the far

less width of the carina and rostrum. The main difference

from Brachylepas lies in the plates of the peduncle, for these

are all of one type, and could not have formed a series of

whorls as in Brachylepas. In any case there is a great

structural difference from Brachylepas, and since the species

differ from those of the typical Pollicipes in the small

number of valves to the capitulum, they are placed in a new

genus Pycnolepas.

With respect to the scuta, P. rigidus is distinguished by

the narrow, wall-sided, apico-basal ridge and in the pro-

duction of the basi-lateral portion of the valve. P. fallax is

readily distinguished by the apico-basal ridge having a sharp

edge with sloping sides, as well as by the absence of longi-

tudinal ridges. PP. paronai and P. briinnichi both have a

very broad apico-basal ridge, but while in P. briinnichi it is

much raised, flat-topped, and with perpendicular sides, in

P. paronai it is flatly rounded. The scutum of P. parona

is further distinguished by the wavy longitudinal ridges

radiating from the apico-basal ridge, and that of P briinnichi

in being less elongate than that of the other species.

In the terga P. fallax is at once distinguished by the apico-

basal ridge having sloping sides: this ridge in P. rigidus is

narrow and has perpendicular sides ; in P. paronai it is only

slightly broader than in P. rigidus, but the valve can be

distinguished by the straightness of the ridge. P. paronat

differs from P. driinnichi in the presence of wavy longi-

tudinal ridges radiating from the apico-basal ridge.

Seguenza (1876, Atti Accad. Pontaniana, vol. x. p. 395)

doubtfully referred Pollicipes rigidus and P. elegans (=P.

briinnichi), together with P. gracilis, P.validus, and P. dor-

satus, to his genus Scillelepas. Alessandri, however (1906,

Paleont. Ital. vol. xi. pp. 249, 264), judging mainly by the

form of the scuta, considered that P. elegans and P. rigidus

could not be referred to Scillelepas, but that they agreed

much more closely in the form of the scuta with Pollicipes.

He therefore referred the species P. rigidus and P. elegans,

together with P. fallax and P. paronai, which have a precisely

similar form of scutum, to the genus Pollicipes. In Scille-

lepus the upper whorl consists of 5 valves, namely, carina,

192 Mr. T. H. Withers on some

paired scuta, and paired terga. The subsequent discovery,

therefore, of the upper latera in the species P. fallax, P.

elegans, P. rigidus, as well as a large rostrum in those species

and in P. paronai, shows quite conclusively that they cannot

be referred to Scillelepas. These species, for reasons pre-

viously given, are now referred to the new genus Pycnolepas.

Pollicipes dorsatus, which was tentatively referred to Scille-

levas by Seguenza, is now definitely proved to belong to it

(see p. 198), and since P. validus is evidently an allied form,

there now seems to be more justification for its reference

to Scillelepas. P. gracilis is regarded as a synonym of

P. validus.

Genus CALANTICA.

1825. Calantica, Gray, Annals of Philosophy (n. s.), vol. x. p. 101.

1907. Calantica, Pilsbry, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 60, p. 8.

1908. Calantica, Pilsbry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 106.

1913. Calantica, Withers, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 942.

Capitulum with two whorls of valves, the upper comprising

paired scuta, terga, and a carina, the terga occupying the

whole of the space between the scuta and carina; lower

whorl comprising three pairs of latera, a rostrum, and a sub-

carina, Umbo in all valves apical.

The Oriental group, called by Pilsbry (1908), Calantica,

s. str., has the lower whorl low and wide, small, not con-

cealing the bases of the valves of the upper whorl.

Subgenus ScinL2=LEPas.

1876. Scillelepas, Seguenza, Atti Accad. Pontaniana, vol. x. p. 390.

1907. Scillelepas, Pilsbry, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 60, p. 9.

1908. Scillelepas, Pilsbry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 106.

Valves of the lower whorl large, high, and incurved, and

overlapping the bases of the valves of the lower whorl.

Umbo in all valves apical.

Calantica (Scillelepas) dorsata, Steeustrup, sp.

(Plate VIII. figs. 12-23.)

1839. Pollicipes dorsa‘us, J. Steenstrup, Kroyer’s Naturhist. Tidsskrift,

Bad. ii. p. 411, pl. v. fig. 27.

1859. Pollicipes validus, J. Steenstrup, tom. cit. p. 412, pl. v. fig. 30.

1851. Pollicipes dorsatus, J. Steenstrup; C. R. Darwin, Pal. Soe.

Monogr. Foss, Lepadidee, p. 69, pl. iv. figs. 4.a—f.

1854. Pollicipes dorsatus, J. Steenstrup; C. R. Darwin, Ray Soe.

Monogr. Subclass Cirripedia, Balanide, Synop. et Index Syste-

maticus, p. 638,

Cretaceous and Tertiary Cirripedes. 193

1912. Pollicipes dorsatus, J. Steenstrup; K. B. Nielsen, Cirripedierne

i Danmarks Danien-Aflejringer, Meddel. Dansk. geol. I’oren. Id. iv.

Heft i. p. 30, pl. i. figs. 1-18, 17 (non figs. 14-16),

1912. Pollicipes elegans, Darwin; K. B. Nielsen, tom. ett. p. 82, pl. ii.

figs. 9, 10.

Diagnosis. Valves smooth, strong, and thick. Scuta

approaching in shape an equilateral triangle; occludent

margin exteriorly thickened to form a rounded ridge; _basi-

lateral angle widely truncated, equalling half the length

of the basal margin; tergo-lateral portion, formed by the

upturned growth-lines, extremely narrow. Terga with a

straight wide ridge, with steep sides, extending from the

apex to the basal angle, which on the scutal side is obliquely

truncated. Valves of lower whorl large, subtriangular, high,

and incurved.

Distribution. Danian: Faxe, Denmark.

Type. Steenstrup (1839) originally founded this species

on a tergum, but included in his Policipes validus a scutum

of the species. Darwin (1851) subsequently figured a

scutum, tergum, and carina. All the foregoing specimens

should be in the University of Copenhagen, but at present

only the carina figured by Darwin (1851, pl. iv. figs. 4 a—c)

can be identified, and this is in the Mineralogical Museum.

Material. Dr. K. Briinnich Nielsen has recently collected

a number of valves of this species, comprising 18 carine,

48 scuta, 44 terga, and 37 valves of the lower whorl. Of

these he figured (1912) a scutum, tergum, and a carina,

together with certain valves of the lower whorl. He included

with the latter a carinal latus of a Scalpellum (pl. 1. figs.

14-16), under P. elegans a rostral latus of P. dorsatus (pl. 11.

figs. 9, 10), and (pl. ii. figs. 13-18) some peduncular plates

which I believe to belong to P. dorsatus, since they agree

more with the ornament of the valves of that species.

Through the kindness of Dr. J. P. J. Ravn, I have been

able to examine the valves of this species figured by Dr. K.

B. Nielsen, together with a series of valves of the lower

whorl, all of which are in the Mineralogical Museum of the

University of Copenhagen. A further series of seven valves

of the lower whorl has been presented by the Copenhagen

University to the Geological Department of the British

Museum, and these are registered I. 15868-I. 15874. For

the specimens here figured, I am indebted to Dr. K. B,

Nielsen, as well as for a carina, 3 scuta, 2 terga, anda

subcarina.

Measurements. This is a comparatively large species, and,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 13

194 Mr. T. H. Withers on some

to judge from the length of the valves known to me, the

capitulum must have attained a length of at least 835 mm.

Dr. Briinnich Nielsen (1912, pl. 1 fig. 12) gives a figure of

a tergum, which measures 30 mm. in length, although the

apex of the specimen is shghtly broken, and his scutum

(pl. i. figs 4-5) has a length of 19°77 mm. The carina here

fizured (PI. VIII. fig. 12) would, if complete, measure quite

30 mm. (it now measures 27 mm.). The valves of the lower

whorl and the larger of the peduncular plates here figured

(PI. VIII. figs. 16-23) measure respectively :—

Length. Breadth.

mm. mm.

RVOSiNINst cise et kirioe ie shade ryote 4:2 39

» Avostrall latte (PIBHE) oes Ge ioeegss's 37 5:0

NMeduanvlatusia. seen te arene asst: 38 4:3

Subearing fentit tame en te ee oe : 2°6 34

Carinal latus...... SS) Re a ne ge Did 2:5

Pedancular plate yi eth wise oie el cy Tl

The largest rostral latus is that figured by Dr. Nielsen

(1912, pl. i. figs. 6-8) as a carinal latus, which has a length

of 5 mm. and a breadth of 8°5 mm,

Scutum (Pl. VIII. figs. 14, 15) triangular, with the basi-

lateral angle widely truncated, considerably convex, breadth

about three-quarters the length, apex acute, and only slightly

curved towards the terga. Occludent margin slightly convex,

forming rather less than a right angle with “the slightly

convex “basal margin. Tergo-lateral margin usually slightly

concave; a narrow slip is formed along it by the upturned

growth- lines, and this is abruptly bent imwards, the inner

margin of it formin g a sharp ridge on the inner surface.

The margin of the truncated basi- lateral angle is almost

half the width of the basal margin in the larger valves.

Along the occludent margin a narrow portion of the valve is

raised to form a rounded ridge, and two further ridges

extend from the apex—one to a point about midway on the

basal margin, and the other, which is rather less pronounced,

to the lowest point of the truncated basi-lateral angle. On

the inner surface there is a deep pit for the adductor muscle ;

the inner inturned tergal edge is concave, and evidently

served for the reception of the. tergum ; the inner occludent

edge is of the same width throughout. Above the pit for

the adductor muscle, there is a triangular depression,

bounded by the in.er edges of the tergal and occludent

margins.

Cretaceous ana Lertiary Cirripedes. 195

Tergum (Pl. VILLI. fig. 13) subrhomboidal, elongate, mode-

rately convex transversely ; occludent and upper carinal

margins forming together less than a right angle, and they

are about half the ‘length of the lower carinal and scutal

margins. A flat- topped ridge, much steeper on the carinal

side, extends in an almost straight line from the apex, widens

considerably towards the basal margin, and its obliquely

truncated extremity is almost parallel to the upper carinal

margin.

Carina (Pl. VIII. fig. 12) much elongated, slightly bowed

inwards or outwards, flatly arched transversely, obscurely

carinate, with its basal margin almost rectangular. The

apical half of the valve is much thickened, and its inner

portion is flat and in line with the lateral margins ; a com-

paratively wide portion of the lower part of the valve at the

inner margins is marked with growth-lines, showing that

the valve overlapped the terga to some extent.

Rostrum (Pl. VIII. fig. 18) triangular, not quite so wide as

high, strongly convex transversely, with the apical half

strongly incurved, and a wide, prominent, rounded, median

ridge extending from the apex to the slightly convex basal

margin, where it is slightly produced. On the inner surface

there is a central depression evidently serving for the

reception of the rostral angles of the scuta; and a slight

ridge extends from each lateral angle to a point about one-

third of the length of the valve from the apex, and above

this ridge the valve is marked by growth-lines, which show

that the valve overlapped the scuta to some extent.

Rostral latus (Pl. VIII. figs. 17, 19) obliquely triangular,

about one and a half times as wide as high, strongly convex

transversely, with the apical half strongly incurved, basal

margin concave in the middle. On the inner surface a well-

defined ridge extends from the apex to about half the length

of the valve, and is there met by two further ridges extending

from each basi-lateral angle; the valve is thus divided into

three almost equal portions, of which the basal one is

smooth, and the two upper portions are marked with growth-

lines and must have overlapped the rostrum and median

latus respectively.

Median latus (Pl. VIII. fig. 20) obliquely triangular,

shightly wider than high, almost flat transversely, with the

apical portion very slightly incurved, and the lateral margins

somewhat raised to form flat- topped ridges. On the inner

surface the valve is divided off by ridges, as is the rostrum,

except that the median ridge extends only one-third the

1a?

196 Mr. T. H. Withers on some

length of the valve from the apex; the inner portions of

the valve are much less concave than in the rostrum.

Carinal latus (P). VII1. fig. 16) obliquely triangular, almost

flat transversely, with a strong median ridge extending from

the apex to the basal margin, apical portion slightly ineurved,

basal margin convex. On the inner surface a ridge extends

from each basi-lateral angle to a point slightly over one-

third the length of the valve from the apex, and above this

ridge the growth-lines meet on a median ridge which is

more strongly marked in this valve than in the other basal

latera.

Subcarina (P|. VIII. fig. 21) triangular, almost symmetrical,

without a median keel, not so strongly convex transversely

as the rostrum, somewhat constricted near the middle, with

the apical portion incurved and the basal margin straight.

On the inner surface a slight ridge extends from the apex

to a point nearly one-half the length of the valve from the

apex, and then to each basi-lateral angle. The upper

portions marked with growth-lines must have overlapped

each carinal latus.

Peduncular plates (P). VIII. figs. 22, 23). These are sub-

triangular, with rounded apex and rounded basal margin ;

slightly convex transversely, and slightly incurved. Outer

surface smooth, except for a few flatly rounded, transverse

ridges. On the inner surface the lower part of the valve is

smooth to a varying extent, the upper portion being marked

with growth-lines, showing that this part of the plate over-

lapped the contiguous plates.

Calantica (Scillelepas) valida, Steenstrup, sp.

(Plate VIII. fig. 11.)

1799. Bec de Séche (Loligo calmar), Faujas de Saint-Fond, B.,

Histoire naturelle de la montagne de St. Pierre, p. 112, pl. xix.

fig. 1.

1802. Bek van Loligo calmar (maar van eene onbekende soort),

Traduction Hollandaise de Faujas par Pasteur, Natuurlijke Histoire

van den St, Pietersberg, p. 150, pl. xix. fig. 1.

1889. Pollicipes validus, J. Steenstrup, Kr@yer’s Naturhist. Tidsskrift,

Bd. ii. p. 412, pl. v. figs. 28, 29, 29%, 31, 32 (non fig. 30).

1841. Pollicipes gracilis, F. A. Roemer; Norddeutschen Kreidegeb.

p- 104, pl. xvi. fig. 14.

1850. Pollicipes gracilis, Roemer; H. B. Geinitz, Das Quadersand-

steingeb. p. 100.

1851. Pollicipes validus, Steenstrup ; C. R. Darwin, Pal. Soc. Monogr.

Foss. Lepadide, p. 68, pl. iv. fig. 2.

1851. Polleeipes gracilis, F. A. Roemer; C. R. Darwin, tom. cit. p. 69,

pl. iv. fig. 3.

Cretaceous and Tertiary Cirripedes, 197

1854. Pollicipes validus, Steenstrup ; C. R. Darwin, Ray Soc. Monogr.

Subclass Cirripedia, Balanidw, Synop. et Index Systematicus,

p. 637.

1854. Mitella valida, Steenstrup, sp.; J. Bosquet, Monogr. Crust.

Foss. du Duché de Limbourg, p. 24, pl. li. figs. 1-3.

Diaynosis. Valves strong, the scuta and carina being

extremely thick, Scutum elongate and strongly bent

towards the terga, with a ridge extending from the apex to

a point on the basal margin rather nearer to the rostral

angle ; occludent margin much thickened, and at the rostral

angle the valve is produced intoa short blunt tooth. Carina

steeply arched transversely, the greater part projecting

freely, and on the inner side either flat or with a prominent

central crest.

Distribution. Danian: Scania, Sweden. Maestrichtian :

Petersburg, near Maestricht. Upper Seuonian: Ciply,

Belgium.

Type. This species was founded by Steenstrup (1839) on

some carine and scuta from Scania, Sweden, but among

them he figured (pl. v. fig. 30) a scutum of Pollicipes

dorsatus. Some of Steenstrup’s specimens are preserved in

the University of Copenhagen, the carina (pl. v. fig. 29)

being in the Zoological Museum, and the two scuta (pl. v.

figs. 31-32) in the Mineralogical Museum. I select the

original of fig. 32 as the holotype. Darwin (1851) sub-

sequently figured a carina and two scuta, and of these the

carina (pl. iv. figs. 2 a—d) is in the Zoological Museum, and

the scutum (pl. iv. figs. 2e-f) is in the Mineralogical

Museum, of the University of Copenhagen. Bosquet (1854)

also figured a scutum and carina, with the addition of a

tergum, but I do not know where these specimens are.

Among the Cirripede valves from Ciply (Belgium) in the

Geological Department of the British Museum is a rostrum,

registered 38460, which must, I think, belong to this species.

It differs much from that of P. dorsatus, especially in having

the basal margin acutely rounded, and, since the upper

margins make a more obtuse angle than in that species, the

whole valve approaches more closely to a diamond shape.

The ridge extending from below the apex to the lateral

angles on the inner surface differs from that of P. dorsatus

in being much less angular. It is quite possible that this

rostrum may belong to some other species, but in the abseuce

of any definite evidence I refer it to P. validus.

Measurements. ‘This rostrum is 7-9 mm. long, and its

breadth is 7-7 mm.

198 Mr. T. H. Withers on some

Description.—Rostrum (Pl. VIII. fig. 11) subtriangular,

basal margin acutely rounded, breadth almost equalling the

length, strongly convex transversely, with the apical portion

moderately incurved, and a wide, but not very prominent,

rounded, median ridge extending from the apex to the basal

margin. On the inner surface a gently rounded, delicate

ridge extends from the lateral angles to a point nearly one-

third the length of the valve from the apex ; the portion of

the valve above this ridge must have projected freely, but

it is not perceptibly thickened, and the growth-lines are not

apparent.

Structure and Affinities of Scillelepas dorsata

and §. valida.

So long as the species Pollicipes dorsatus and P. validus

of Steenstrup were known only by the disconnected valves

rf ‘ "es

Ti we: MEE.

Calantica (Scillelepas) dorsata, Steenstrup, sp. Danian: Faxe,

Denmark. Restoration of capitulum.

c., carina; ¢.l., carinal latus; m./., median latus; 7., rostrum ;

r.d., rostral latus; s., scutum ; s.c., subcarina; ¢., tergum.

of the upper whorl, it was an open question whether they

should or should not be referred to the group of species

included under Scillelepas, although these valves approached

more closely to the species of Scillelepas than to those of

Pollicipes. Dy. K. Briinnich Nielsen’s discovery, however,

of a number of valves of the lower whorl of P. dorsatus in

the Danian of Faxe, Denmark, including those here figured

(Pl. VIII. figs. 16-21), enables us not only to prove that the

species is a true Scillelepas, but also to give a restoration of

the capitulum (see text-fig. 1). The capitulum is formed

of a carina, paired scuta, and paired terga, with three pairs of

Cretaceous and Tertiary Cirripedes. 199

basal latera, a rostrum, and a subcarina. In his paper

(1912) Dr. K. B. Nielsen figured only two of the basal

latera (namely, a rostrum and two rostral latera), but since

he still referred the species to Pollicipes, he did not realize

the significance of these valves. All the valves of the lower

whorl of P. dorsatus are here figured, and their structure

agrees in all respects with the species of Scil/elepas, especially

S. carinata, Seguenza, from the Pliocene of Sicily, and the

recent S. superba, Pilsbry. We are therefore able to prove

that a true Sci/lelepas existed in the Upper Cretaceous

(Danian), and the importance of this is apparent, since the

remaining fossil forms are S. parone, Aiessandri, from the

Miocene of Italy, and S. carinata and S. ornata, Seguenza,

from the Pliocene of Sicily.

Since we can prove that P. dorsatus belongs to Scillelepas,

there is little doubt that P. validus belongs to Scillelepas

also, although only the upper series of valves and a single

rostrum of the lower whorl are kuown.

Phylogenetic Considerations.

In considering the phylogenetic position of the pedun-

culate Cirripedes Pycnolepas, Zeugmatolepas, Calantica

(Scillelepas and Titanolepas), and the sessile Cirripede

Brachylepas, all represented in the Cretaceous rocks, it is

apparent that we are dealing with forms that have been

evolved from either Pollicipes or a Pollicipes-like ancestor,

and represent several lines of evolution. All these forms

still retain valves of a Pollicipes-like character, and, since

they are well differentiated in the number, relative position,

aud structure of the capitular valves, specialization must

have begun long before the close of the Jurassic period. A

point of special interest is the fact that even so early in the

Cretaceous as the Cenomanian, two forms, Zeugmatolepas

and Titunolepas, had independently developed in the scutum

a subcentral umbo, a type of valve hitherto known only in

the more specialized species of Scalpellum, of which the

earliest species occur in the Upper Senonian, A similar

development in the scutum is exhibited by the genus

Loricula, which ranges from Turonian to the Upper

Senonian.

The new genus Pycnolepas includes a series of species,

ranging from Albian to Helvetian, in which the capitulum

appears to have been formed of eight valves, and the pe-

duncle of comparatively large plates. These capitular valves

200 Mr. T. H. Withers on some

agree with those of Brachylepas in number and disposition,

and, except for the narrower carina and rostrum, in their

structure also. The narrowness of the carina and rostrum,

however, is of significance, for in this character they agree

more with the pedunculate Cirripedes. Brachylepas is

considered to be a sessile Cirripede, mainly because of the

modification of the basal whorls of imbricating plates to

form a shelf or platform round the base of the capitulum ;

and the much wider semiconical carina and rostrum allow of

a closer approach of the capitulum to radial symmetry,

which is in accord with this interpretation.

The great resemblance between the capitular valves of

Brachylepas and those of the series of species included in

Pycnolepas suggests the probability that Brachylepas was

an offshoot from that line, which by suppression of the

peduncle and modification of the lower valves of the capi-

tulum, accompanied by widening of the carina and rostrum,

had evolved into a sessile Cirripede.

It is probable that the ancestral species of Pycnolepas

existed in the Upper Jurassic (Tithonian), for the two

recently-described species, Brachylepas (?) fimbriatus and

B. (?) tithonicus (1912, Geol. Mag. pp. 505-508, pl. xxiii.),

each represented by a single carina from Stramberg, Moravia,

agree in every way with the structure of the carina in the

species of Pycnolepas. The relationship of those Stramberg

species to P. rigidus and P. fallax was pointed out at the

time, but, since the present evidence with regard to P. rigidus

and P. fallax was not then known, the two Stramberg

carine were included provisionally in Brachylepas, to which

P. fallax had been referred by Dr. H. Woodward.

When we compare Brachylepas * (text-fig. 5) and Pyeno-

lepas (text-fig. 4) with the recent pedunculate Cirripede

Pollicipes mitella (text-fig. 2), we see that P. mitella has

precisely the same arrangement of the upper valves of the

capitulum. Brachylepas, however, is widely differentiated

structurally by the presence of several whorls of imbricating

plates at the base of the capitulum, and in this character has

a close outward resemblance to the recent sessile Cirripede

Catophragmus polymerus (text-fig. 3) of the subfamily

Chthamaliniz. There is fairly strong evidence, both positive

and negative, to support the supposition that Pycnolepas has

a peduncle with large plates and no lower whorl of valves,

* I have already discussed the relationship of this form with the

recent Cirripedes Catophragmus polymerus and Pollicipes mitella in

a former paper (see Geol. May. 1912, pp. 356-358).

Cretaceous and Tertiary Cirripedes, 201

but when we turn to Pollicipes mitella we see that it has

a single lower whorl of valves including a subrostrum and

subearina, and with a short peduncle, which is sometimes

even considerably shorter than the capitulum.

Fig. 2.—Pollicipes mitella, Linneus. Living: Philippines, China, &c.

(After Darwin.) i.

Fig. 3.—Catophragmus polymerus, Darwin. Living: Australian Coast.

(After Darwin.)

Fig. 4.—Pycnolepas rigidus, J. de C. Sowerby, sp. Albian and Ceno-

manian, Europe. Restoration.

Fig. 5.—Brachylepas naissanti, Hébert, sp. Upper Senonian, Europe.

Restoration.

¢., carina; ¢./,, carinal latus; 7.s., imbricating plates; /., upper latus ;

r., rostrum ; r./., rostral latus; s., scutum; s.c., subcarina; s.7., sub-

rostrum ; ¢., tergum.

The blocks for figs. 2, 3, and 5 were kindly lent by the editor of the

‘Geological Magazine.’

While it may be supposed that the pedunculate Pycnolepas

was the ancestral stock which gave rise to the sessile

202 Mr. T. H. Withers on some

Brachylepas, it is certainly interesting that Brachylepas

should show in its structure some relationship to the sessile

Catophragmus of the subfamily Chthamalinz. It is much

more so when we consider that Pollicipes mitella, which is

more closely related in the structure and disposition of the

upper valves of the capitulum to Pycnolepas than to any

other Cirripede, has also certain definite characters in

common with the Chthamaline. Darwin * drew attention

to the fact that P. mitella is more nearly related to the

sessile Cirripedes, especially the Chthamalinz, than to any

others, except perhaps Lithotrya, and in his Monograph +

states the “ The Chthamaline, in the structure of the mouth

and cirri, and to a certain extent in that of the shell, fill up

the interval between the Balaninz and Lepadide; and

Catophragmus forms in a very remarkable manner the tran-

sitional link, for it is impossible not to be struck with the

resemblance of its shell with the capitulum of Pollicipes.”

It would seem, therefore, that the relationship to the

Chthamaline (Catophragmus) of the fossils Pycnolepas aud

Brachylepas, and of the recent Pollicipes mitella, as deduced

by a study of their valves, is supported by the structure of

the animal’s body in P. mitella. One might also reasonably

infer that Pollicipes mitella is the survivor of the group of

species included in Pycnolepas, and that it is independentiy

tending to evolve into a sessile Cirripede through thie

suppression of its peduncle and a modification in the lower

valves of the capitulum, just as did the early offshoot

Brachylepas.

It is indeed probable that the sessile condition has been

arrived at independently on several different lines of

descent during the evolution of the Cirripedia. In a paper,

now in the press, I have shown that the Verrucide have

a phylogenetic history widely different from that of the

Balanide (sensu lato), and evidence is not wauting to show

that the Balanide also are at least diphyletic. The

Chthamalinz have almost certainly arisen from some such

form as Brachylepas, while it is extremely difficult, if not

impossible, to derive the Balanine from that source or

indeed from any form as yet known.

Zeugmatolepas has already been described in a former

paper (Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1913, pp. 937, 941), and it

* See Darwin, C. R., 1851, Pal. Soc. Monogr. Foss. Lepadide, p. 48;

1851, Ray Soc. Monogr. Cirripedia, Lepadide, p. 324.

+ Darwin, C. R., 1854, Ray Soc. Monogr. Cirripedia, Balanide,

p. 486.

Cretaceous and Tertiary Cirripedes. 203

will suffice here to say that in the number of valves of the

capitulum it agrees with Pollicipes, but differs in the more

erect and Scalpellum-like shape of the capitulum, in the size

and position of the upper latera, and in the specialized form

of the scuta, characters seen in the more specialized forms of

Scalpellum. In fact, it is a Pollicipes, which, while retaining

the large number of capitular valves, is developing some

of the characters of a Scalpellum. It probably represents

an early attempt at that specialization in the form and

position of the upper valves which was subsequently acquired

independently by the more specialized forms of Sca/pellum.

There now remain to be considered the species grouped in

the genus Calantica. This genus was evidently derived from

a Pollicipes-like form, and the valves still retain their

Pollicipes-like character, in consequence of which the fossil

forms have been referred mainly to Pollicipes. Calantica

differs from Pollicipes in the greater specialization of tlie

capitular valves, and the capitulum is composed of only

scuta, terga, and a carina, with but a single basal whor] of

valves, the valve which is homologous with the upper latus

in other forms being still a member of the lower whorl.

There are two groups of recent species, namely, an Oriental

group (Calantica, s. str.) and a North Atlantic—Mediter-

ranean group (Scillelepas). These two groups may con-

ceivably represent two collateral stocks, but at present I am

inclined to think that the species included in Ca/antica, s. str.,

are derived from the more primitive Scil/elepas, mainly

through the weak calcification of the basal whorl of valves.

Scilielepas is known from the Pliocene and Miocene of

Sicily and Italy respectively, and in the present paper has

been shown to have existed in the Upper Senonian and

Danian, but no fossil has yet been proved to belong to the

more typical species of Calantica, s. str. The probability is

that the ancestral forms of Scillelepas occurred in the

Jurassic, but although at present there is not sufficient

evidence to prove this, it is certain that some of the dis-

connected valves found in Jurassic rocks have much resem-

blance to those of Scillelepas. It is fairly evident that in

Scillelepas we have a group of species intermediate between

Pollicipes and Scalpellum, and therefore it is another example

of the many forms that have been derived from a Pollicipes-

hike ancestor through the specialization in the number and

position of the capitular valves.

The recently-described Titanvlepas *, although ranked as

* 1913, T. H. Withers, Proc, Zool. Soe. London, p. 943,

204 Mr. T. H. Withers on some

a subgenus of Calantica, differs in the form of the scutum

from the other members of the genus. It existed in the

Cretaceous (Cenomanian and Turonian), and is considered

to be an early specialized form, which branched off from the

main Scillelepas line and may eventually have given rise to

the genus Oxynaspis.

Although we can gain some idea of the phylogenetic

position of the Cirripedes discussed in this paper, even with

the small number of forms and the meagre evidence at our

disposal, it is obvious that a knowledge of their Jurassic

ancestors would help materially. Unfortunately, the Jurassic

species are known in the main only by a few disconnected

valves, which give very little idea of the form of the capi-

tulum ; and until our knowledge of these forms is con-

siderably extended, our conception of the evolution of the

group, as a whole, can make little progress.

In conclusion, I wish to express my indebtedness to the

following gentlemen, who have kindly helped me either by

the loan or gift of specimens, or in other ways :—Prof. G.

de Alessandri, Dr. F. A. Bather, Dr. H. P. Blackmore,

Mr. R. M. Brydone, Dr. W. T. Calman, Mr. C. P. Chatwin,

Mr. F. Leney, Dr. K. Briinnich Nielsen, Prof. C. I’. Parona,

Dr. J. P. J. Ravn, and Count Luigi di Rovasenda.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PuatTeE VII.

Pycnolepas paronat, de Alessandri, sp.

Miocene (Helvetian) : La Grangia, Colli di Torino, Italy.

Fig. 1. Rostrum.

Fig. 2. Scutum. Imperfect left valve.

Fig. 3. Tergum. With base broken off.

Fig.4, Carina. X 2diam. Coll. R. Museo Torino. Orig]. figd. G. de

Alessandri, Paleontogr. Ital. 1906, vol. xii. p. "248, pl. xiii.

fig. 8.

All figures, except fig. 4, nat. size.

Pycnolepas briinnichi, Withers.

Danian, Bryozoa Limestone: Faxe, Denmark.

Fig. 5. Rostrum.

tg. 6. Scutum. Right valve, with rather narrow apico-basal ridge.

Fig. 7. Upper latus. Apex broken off.

Fig. 8. Tergum. Right valve.

Fig. 9. Carina.

All figures x 4 diam.

Fig.

‘UW.

Fig.

Cretaceous and Tertiary Cirripedes. 905

Pycnolepas fallax, Darwin, sp.

Upper Senonian, B. mucronata-zone: Norwich, Norfolk (figs. 10,

11, 13, 14). —

Upper Senonian, B. mucronata-zone (upper part): Trimingham,

Norfolk (fig. 12).

10. Rostrum. Norwich Castle Museum (Fitch Colln.), 2156 ¢.

ll. Scutum. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), I. 14466.

12. Upper latus. R. M. Brydone Colln. Figd. H. Woodward,

Cook Mag. 1906, p. 344, fig. 21.

. 13. Tergum, Norwich Castle Museum (Fitch Colln.), 2153¢. The

original tergum (paratype) of Darwin, 1841, Pal. Soc. Monogr.

Foss. Lepadide, p. 76, pl. iv. fig. 8 4.

iy. 14. Carina. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), I. 14467.

All figures x 2 diam.

Pycnolepas riyidus, J. de C. Sowerby, sp.

Albian, Gault: Folkestone, Kent.

. 15. Rostrum, i“

g. 16, Scutum. |

. 17. Upper latus. > a, outer view ; 4, inner view.

. 18. Tergum.

. 19, Carina. ]

Figs. 15, 16, 18, 19, x 2 diam. ; fig. 17, x 4 diam.

Puate VIII.

Pycnolepas rigidus, J. de C. Sowerby, sp.

Albian, Gault: Folkestone, Kent.

1. Peduncular plate. Outer view. :

2. ” ” Inner view of an incomplete example, showing

the median basal socket.

3. ” » Inner basal view of another example.

All figures x 8 diam.

Cenomanian, Chalk Marl: near Cambridge.

4. Scutum. Left valve showing very prominent apico-basal ridge,

which projects beyond the basi-lateral angle. x 4 diam.

Pyenolepas fallax, Darwin, sp.

Upper Senoniau, M. cor-anguinum-zone: Quidhampton, nr.

Salisbury, Wilts.

5. ? Rostrum. a, side view; 6, outer view. x 2diam. Dr. H. P.

Blackmore’s Colln.

Pyenolepas briinnichi, Withers.

Danian, Bryozoa Limestone: Faxe, Denmark.

6. Scutum. Left valve, with very broad apico-basal ridge.

x 4 diam.

206 Mr. W. E. Collinge on a new Species

Pycnolepas scalaris, Withers.

Cenomanian, Chalk Marl: near Cambridge.

Rostrum. a, outer view; 4, inner view.

. Rostrum. A smaller example in which the longitudinal ridges

are not so pronounced.

Fig. 9. Upper latus. a, outer view; 6, inner view.

Fig. 10. Scutum. a, outer view; 8, inner view.

Figures X 8 diam.

Fig.

9.9) a

Calantica (Scillelepas) valida, Steenstrup, sp.

Upper Senonian : Ciply, Belgium.

Fig. 11. Rostrum. Outer view. xX 2diam, Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.),

38460,

Calantica (Scillelepas) dorsata, Steenstrup, sp.

Danian, Bryozoa Limestone: Faxe, Denmark.

Fig. 12. Carina. (With apex broken.)

Fig. 13. Tergum. Right valve. Fouts views. X 14 diam.

vg. 14. Seutum. Large right valve.

Fig. 15. Seutum. Young left valve. )

Fig. 16. Carinal latus, |

Fig. 17. Rostral latus. Left valve.

Fig. 18. Rostrum. >

Fig. 19. Rostral latus. Right valve. |

Fig. 20, Median latus.

Fig. 21. Subcarina.

a, outer view ; 4, inner view.

x 4 diam.

XXVI.—Deseription of a new Species of Terrestrial Isopoda

from India. By WaAutTerR E. Couuinaé, M.Se., F.L.S.,

F.E.S.

[Plate IX.]

IT Am indebted to the kindness of Dr. A. D. Imms, of the

University of Manchester, for a tube of terrestrial Isopoda

containing three specimens, two adult and one young,

referable to the genus Porcellio, Latreille, collected by him

at Allahabad.

During the past few years I have examined a considerable

number of terrestrial Isopoda from this region, including

many species of Porce/lio; I cannot, however, find that the

present species agrees with any of these or with any that

have been previously described.

of Terrestrial Isopoda from India. 207

Porcellio immsi, sp. n.

Body oblong-oval, somewhat depressed ; metasome a little

narrower than the mesosome, the segments of the latter finely

tuberculated, whilst those of the former have a single row of

tooth-like tubercles on the posterior margin of each segment.

Cephalon (Pl. 1X. figs. 1 & 2) with numerous large

tubercles; the anterior margin is turned backwards ; lateral

lobes well developed ; median lobe small, formed by the

right and left portions of the anterior margin, which do nof,

however, meet; epistoma convex. Eyes large, sublateral.

‘Antennule small, 3-jointed. Antenne (fig. 3) slender, with

the second to fifth joints carinated ; the second, third, and

fourth are characterized by deep indentations at their distal

ends ; flagellum 2 jointed, almost equal in length. Man-

dibles and first maxilla (fig. 4) typical of the genus. Second

maxillee (fig. 5) thin and plate-like ; the inner lobe terminates

in a dense mnass of sete, whilst the outer lobe is devoid of

setze, but between the two lobes there are three or four long

hair-like sete. ‘The segments of the mesosome are somewhat

depressed ; the lateral plates of the first partly surround the

head, the remainder are normal and slightly overlap one

another. Maxillipedes (fig. 6) with outer palp terminating

in a short blunt spine with three smaller ones ; the inner

palp has a single spine only. Thoracic appendages (fig. 7)

comparatively short and thick, the three terminal segments

fringed with short spines, and the third and fourth have a

series of tooth-like projections on the terminal border, and the

fourth a groove on the anterior face lined with fine, short,

hair-like setee. The posterior angle of the lateral plates of

the metasome produced backwards (tig. 9). Uropoda (fig. 8)

extending beyond the telson ; basal plate small and cube-like,

with raised portions on the outer and inner sides ; exopodite

nearly three times the length of the basal plate, carrot-

shaped, setose, and articulating at the distal end of the plate ;

endopodite slightly curved, covered with numerous long

sete, terminating distally with two extra long ones, slightly

more than half the length of the exopodite, triangular in

section, articulating at the base of a raised portion of the

basal plate on the inner side. Telson (fig. 9) short and

triangular, terminating in a fine blunt point.

Length 10 mm.

Colour {in alcohol): the mesosomatic segments are a

horny brown colour, with yellowish lateral plates, in the

middle of which is a patch of deep brown; the metasomatic

segments are a uniform dark brown.

208 Bibliographical Notice.

Hab. On the surface of the ground, Allahabad, 16. ix. 1907

os D, Imms).

Type. In the Bideien of the British Museum’ (Natural

Hisivcn: :

Porcellio immsi is separated from any obhiet kennin species

by a number of minor characters, such, for instance, as the

tuberculation of both the mesosomatic and meibenen seg-

ments and the form of the second maxille and the maxilli-

pedes.» In the form of the antenne, the head, and the uropoda

well-marked differences obtain.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX.

Fig. 1. Dorsal view of the cephalon.

Fig. 2. Anterior view of the same.

Fig. 3. Antenna.

Fig. 4. First maxilla, terminal portion.

Fig. 5. Second maxilla, terminal portion.

Fig, 6.. Maxillipede, terminal portion.

Fig. 7. Second thoracic appendage.

Fig. 8. Uropod from left side.

Fig. 9. Telson and part of last abdominal segment.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE.

Animal Life by the Sea-shore. By. G. A. and G, L. Bourenerr.

London: the Offices of ‘Country Life, Ltd. —

Booxs on “ The Common Objects of the Sea-shore” are legion, and

some of them have been written by famous men. Gosse and’

Kingsley are of this number. The authors of the present work are

therefore to be congratulated on having produced a volume which

must unquestionably rank with the best of its predecessors. Indeed,

the names of the authors lead one to expect as much. |

While written primarily for.the lay reader, these pages will

prove no less welcome to trained zoologists, whose everyday work:

may lie in other fields, and hence may need to refresh their

memories.

_ Every kind of animal that is likely to be found on the beach, in.

rock- pools, or among beds of seaweed at low tide, from fishes.

downwards, finds a place i in these pages. :

The illustrations are not only numerous, but exceptionally good,

and hence interesting. details of the life-history of the ‘various

creatures herein described can be, and’ are, freely introduced, long’

and technical notes to enable the reader to Beane F his “ finds ’

béing unnecessary. ~

“We most heartily commend this volume: to. all. who are ‘eoriterth

plating a. holiday at the seaside; even youngsters will find it a

fascinating book.

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[EIGHTH SERIES.]

No. 81. SEPTEMBER 1914.

XXVII.—On some Oriental Nycteribiide [ Diptera Pupipara].

By Hven Scort, M.A. (Cantab.), F.L.S., F.E.S., Curator

in Entomology in the University of Cambridge.

[Plates X.—-XII.]

THis paper consists of two sections:—(I.) on material

recently received from Ceylon and India; (II.) containing

a redescription of a species, Nycteribia parilis, originally

described by Walker from the Moluccas. But before pro-

ceeding to the first of these the writer may be excused for

inserting some more general remarks,

PRESERVATION AND DescriPTIoNn oF Nycrerieirpe.

The descriptions and redescriptions of species included in

this paper were made from specimens preserved in alcohol ;

the figures also were drawn from specimens lying in that

fluid under a low power of the microscope, with the help of

a drawing-apparatus. The writer has already pointed out *

that Nycteribiide are absolutely unfitted for being preserved

dry. The most important distinguishing characters often

lie in the form and number of the segments of the abdomen.

This is particularly the case in the ?, in which sex the

* Arch. Naturg. Ixxix. A, 1913, p. 93.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 14

210 Mr. H. Scott on

abdomen consists largely of collapsible connexival membrane.

Hence with complete dessication the segments become so

shrunk, distorted, and telescoped one under the other that

specific characters may be made almost entirely unrecogniz-

able. The same statements apply in a less degree to the rote

It is practically impossible to determine species from some

of the earlier descriptions, which have been rendered incom-

plete or false by the dried and shrivelled condition of the

material from which they were made. Much error and

confusion is likely to arise in consequence of this. By a

thorough soaking in water old dried specimens can some-

times be induced to reassume in some measure their proper

form, and they can then be gradually transferred to weaker,

and afterwards to stronger, alcohol.

In studying Nycteribiide—even those properly preserved

in alecohol—very great allowance must be made for the

changes in appearance caused by the varying condition of

the abdomen, particularly in the 2? sex. Descriptions and

figures will differ greatly according as they are taken from

2 2 in an advanced stage of gestation or from specimens

with empty shrunken bodies. Jor the same reason two 2? 9

of the same species may look so different from one another

that careful study of the parts of the abdomen is required to

establish their specific identity.

For the same cause it is sometimes impossible to include

in a single camera-lucida drawing all parts of one aspect

of the abdomen. For example, in a dorsal view the basal

segments may, owing to curvature, be almost perpendicular

to the field of vision. In such cases it may be necessary to

make two outline drawings of the specimen tilted at different

angles, and to compound them into a single figure showing

all the segments. Allowance must be made for this in

using the figures on the Plates attached to this paper.

Fault may be found with the great length of some of the

writer’s descriptions and with the omission of short dia-

gnoses ; but it seems at present impossible to ayoid making

very long and detailed descriptions of these msects. Such

important characters are presented by the abdomen that it

appears necessary to describe in detail the form of each

dorsal and ventral segment in both sexes. Much trouble

arises from the inadequateness of earlier descriptions; a

number of species have been placed in wrong genera, and

this cannot always be discerned from their descriptions

alone. Moreover, the writer is uncertain whether the

present system of genera is satisfactory. When the generic

position of the species is more settled, and those of the same

some Oriental Nycteribiide. 211

genus have been more thoroughly compared one with

another, it may be possible greatly to shorten specific

descriptions.

Stress has been laid on the importance of the form of the

abdominal segments. It may be added that in this respect

the 2? 2 often furnish far more distinctive characters than

the g g. But, beyond an examination of the form of the

d claspers, no study has yet been made of the genital

apparatus in either sex. Such a study might considerably

modify present views on the species, and might prove that

the g g, which sometimes appear almost inseparable, really

possess distinguishing characters as good as those of the ? ?.

I,—Nycrerrpirp# FROM CEYLON AND INpra.

The material dealt with here consists almost entirely of a

collection made by Mr. J. C. F. Fryer in Ceylon in 1911

and 1912. I have, however, included two species, examples

of which were recently collected in India by Mr. T. Bain-

brigge Fletcher: one of these, Cyclopodia roylei (Westw.),

is also contained in Fryer’s Ceylonese collection ; the cther,

Penicillidia fletcheri, is the only form here described as a

new species, and it is represented among the Ceylonese

material by a varietal form also described as new under the

name Penicillidia fletcheri, var. pumila.

Thesubjoined list (p.212) enumerates the species discussed,

showing also their distribution and hosts so far as these are

at present known. With the exception of no. 2, the type-

form of Penicillidia fletcheri, all are now known from

Ceylon; and as, to the best of my knowledge, no other

species has been recorded therefrom, the list includes the

whole Nycteribiid fauna of that island as known up to the

present time. The seven forms new to Ceylon are marked

with an asterisk. Moreover, Penicillidia jenynsi was pre-

viously only doubtfully recorded from that island, the only

sure record for which appears to have been that of Cyclo-

podia sykest.

Besides the description of the new species and new

variety, previous descriptions of certain other species are

amplified and modified, and some forms not hitherto illus-

trated are figured. Thus, Nycteribia (Acrocholidia) euxesta

(Speiser) is removed from the genus Penicillidia; the abdo-

men is fully described, and figures are published for the

first time. Cyclopodia ferrarit has not previously been

figured, and earlier descriptions of it are amplified. Cyelo-

podia roylei, formerly placed in Nycteribia, is fully described

14*

Mr. H. Scott on

212

‘sndfhiyand swiwagohuojh 7

‘SnpnUuas SN»QASNOT

*(‘s] Oromo) "ds srgjasnogy

‘snonyydhiha snpjosnoay

‘snagunbhih sndo..oyq

pak) pusapoboayy |

ssndhyond sawagohuojh yf, |

“2uojybinown snpydoz0ay

“yyny snjrydoooy

“ryqway snpydojoogy }

“sesuauopliaa syohyonag snsazdouh)

‘aswagradyos snuazdovui py

“assaquadyos sndagdowr yy

‘papoyun sosapsoddryy

‘wabriuww sosapwoddiyy

‘snumagn sngjadjsrdag

‘wausop sngpadpsrdr gy

‘asdagiadyos snajdovuipy

Ragen, “eu g

‘uojkag ‘spurysy otowog “dAdo ‘pedoueg

‘uop sary Serpuy

~uotAey ‘zipuy ‘epnsutuag Ave py

“uoyAag ‘vung ‘vryeung “vary

‘nopsag ‘vayeuing *esouldoyy

“noha ‘eaqyvmng ‘vsouo 7 “uty DO

‘uojdor “eum

‘uop fan

‘sRApey

‘op say “Bageuing ‘esowio jy ‘BUY

‘s+ (eue[oy) ypuhy nepodisdumnonT “6

trees seess (cmgsaqy) esayhs nypodojohy °g

roresssses (masa My) raphow nepodojolh) x * 1

stress (cappuoyy) 2meaf vypodojh) % "9

‘dastedg

“ynadwd = (wypodougsvT) —wrqr.tagohiNtg °G

“rastedg

‘ydojoyw (wpodoysv'T) —- paqrwaplhnx “fp

*(1astadg)

pysaxna — (wipyoyoo.wpr) = wiqrajohT% *G

UW ARA

‘pnund ier saya vipypoiUead 'D&

weveeseres ood fuayugagl DIpynoley °G

rrresess (Cangsa aa) esufiual mepypiouead *|

‘SLSO]] UO LOT]

‘NOTLO ETA LST

some Oviental Nycteribiidie. 213

and figured in the 2 sex. Eucampsipodia hyrth had ouly

been figured in the ¢ sex; figures of the ? are now

published,

Remarks on the Hosts.—It will be noticed that three

of the species are recorded from more than one species of

bat. Of these Nycteribia (A.) euxesta has been found on

two species of the same genus, Hipposideros; Cyclopodia

roylet has been taken on three closely allied forms of the

insectivorous Scotophilus and on two other quite distinct

hosts, one of which is also an insectivorous form (Tylo-

nycteris pachypus), while the other is the bat-eating bat

Megaderma lyra. Both the other species of Cyclopodia have

been found only on {ruit-eating bats, C. ferrarii on Cynopterus,

and C. sykest on the great Indian “ flying-fox ”’ Pteropus

yiganteus. he case of the widespread Hucampsipodia hyrtli

is remarkable: it appears to infest the large fruit-eating

bats of the genus Rousettus and the small insect-eating

Tylonycteris pachypus. With the excep'ion of the fruit-

eating Cynopterus aud Pteropus, aud of Megaderma lyra, all

the other hosts are insect-eaters, These remarks were

suggested by information received from Mr. Oldtield Thomas,

to whom I am much indebted for help, To him also is due

the determination of the bats on which Fryer’s material was

found,

Penicillidia, Kolenati.

1. Penicillidia jenynsi (Westwood).

Nycteribia jenynst, Westwood, 3, Trans. Zool, Soc. London, i, 1835,

p- 291, pl. xxxvi. figs. 29- 34,

Penicillidia jenynsi, Speiser, 3, Arch. Nature. Ixvii. 1, 1901, p. 28.

Penicillidia jenynsi, Scott, g Q, Trans. Ent. Soe. London, 1908, p. 360,

pl. xviii. figs. 1-8; id. Arch. Naturg. Ixxix. A, 1913, p. 95.

This species was originally described from China. Schiner

somewhat donbtfully referred to it a single specimen fa g,

judging from his remarks) obtained in Ceylon (‘ Novara

Reise,’ Diptera, 1868, p. 375). Speiser, in his revision of

the family, included Schiner’s record, but quite rightly

queried it (op. cit. p. 49). The occurrence of the species in

Ceylon is now established by the fact that 2 9? were

collected at Peradeniya by Fryer. I have already referred

to these two specimens in discussing a long series from

Vormosa (1913, J. c.). They present certain variations in

detail from the form described as the type 2 in 1908,

variations which are also found in some of the Formosan

examples. These variations consist principally in certain

214 Mr. H. Scott on

parts being more “ bristly” than in the type-form. Thus

(i.) the second tergite, instead of having its surface quite

bare, has very short scattered bristles in the middle of its

dise, covering a roughly triangular area extending forwards

from the hind margin ; (ii.) the two ventral chitinous areas

(Scott, 1908, op. cit. fig. 4.6) have the stiff erect bristles on

their surfaces extending further forwards, instead of only

present near their hind margins ; (ii.) the transverse chiti-

nous area (op. cit. fig. 4c) has short erect bristles scattered

over its surface, not only present near its hind margin.

Variation of a somewhat like nature has been observed in

Nycteribia (Listropodia) allotopa, Speiser (see p. 221).

One of the specimens has a Laboulbeniaceous fungus

growing on its abdomen, to which I have already referred

(Arch. Naturg. Ixxix. A, 1913, p. 95).

Loc. China, Sumatra, Formosa, Ceylon.

Fryer obtained his two specimens from Muiniopterus

schreibersi at Peradeniya, x. 1911 and 380. 1. 1912.

2. Penicillidia fletcheri, sp.n. (Pl. X. figs. 1-4.)

Length circa 2°5 mm.

Head bare, except for a few short bristles in the middle of

the vertex in front and along the margins of the cheeks.

Eyes black-pigmented. Thorax beneath (fig. 4) about 14

times as broad as long, nearly flat (i. e. not convex from

front to back as in some species of Penicillidia), with middle

line impressed behind; it has a characteristic fringe of

bristles along its hind margin, about four longer ones on

either side of the middie line, between each two of which

are two or three shorter bristles; the four longer bristles

become gradually longer from the one nearest the middle

line to the outermost one. Legs apparently without note-

worthy characters, not strikingly long ; metatarsus slightly

shorter than tibia,

g appomeEn (PI. X. figs. 1, 2).—Basal tergite very small,

not reaching to the sides of the abdomen, trapezoidal, its

posterior margin shallowly and widely sinuate and without

bristles in the middle, on either side with 4 or 5 short stout

bristles, its disc bearing short bristles towards the sides,

almost bare in the middle. Tergites 2-6 with surfaces bare

except for some extremely short scattered bristles right at

the sides, and which are also scantily present across the disc

of tergite 2 near its base; hind margins set with long

bristles and short thorn-bristles, 1-8 thorn-bristles between

each two long bristles; the long bristles are longer in the

some Oriental Nycteribiidee. 215

middle part of the margin than towards the sides, and in

tergites 4, 5, and 6 these median ones become very long ; on

fergite 5 3d the marginal series is narrowly, and on tergite 6

wilely, interrupted in the middle, but on the other tergites

it is continuous. Anal segment tapering considerably, with

sides slightly curved towards the apex, with short erect

bristles on the posterior part of its surface and at the sides,

and two moderately long ones at either hind angle.

Basal sternite with a slightly impressed middle line, sur-

face fairly closely covered with bristles ; ctenidium ‘close,

slightly sinuate in the middle. Séernites 2 and 3 have their

hind margins set with moderately long bristles of slightly

varying lengths, those at the sides rather longer than those

in the middle; sternite 2 has two irregular series of very

short bristles across its disc, and some longer suberect

bristles at the sides of the dise ; sternite 3 has one irregular

transverse series, some of the lateral bristles of which are

considerably longer and suberect. Séernite 4 longer; hind

margin curved, bearing in the middle about 10 short, stout,

thorn-like bristles; on either side of these are bristles

of varying length, those at the sides being longer, and

immediately in front of these marginal bristles are suberect

bristles of varying length; across the posterior part of the

dise is a very irregular series of rather short bristles, of

which the median ones are nearer the hind margin than the

lateral ones. Anal segment with rather numerous erect and

suberect bristles at the sides; elaspers nearly parallel, not

contiguous, curved only in the dorso-yentral plane towards

the apex, tapering, each with two bristles directed outwards

in its median third, and other bristles directed inwards in its

basal third,

2 aBpoMeEN (PI. X. figs. 3, 4).—Basal tergite of much

the same form as in 4, but with the five bristles at either

hind angle longer and stouter, Tergite 2 long, of remark-

able form; subcordate, narrowed behind, each side being

convexly curved in its anterior part and concavely sinuate in

the narrower posterior part of the tergite; it is divided into

two halves by a median longitudinal line of pale membrane,

each half having an obliquely truncate hind margin bearing

4. or 5 long, stout, dark bristles, erect and directed outwards,

immediately in front of them being a series of very short

dark thorn-bristles; on the dise of the segment, at about

i its length from the hind margin, each half bears an

irregular, oblique, transverse series of very short dark

bristles ; there are scattered very short bristles near the

anterior angles of the tergite, and a few very minute ones

216 Mr. H. Scott on

near the dividing-line, otherwise the surface is bare ; each

side-margin is bare except for 4 bristles at about the middle

of its length ; each half of the tergite has a streak of darker

brownish pigment running from its outer hind angle,

broadening and curving outwards in the anterior part, to

the anterior angle. On either side of this tergite is pale

connexivum, bearing extremely short minute bristles in front

and longer ones behind; behind the tergite also is pale

connexivum, bearing moderately long and stout dark bristles

rather far apart ; this is terminated by two slightly elevated

more chitinized areas, separated by a moderately wide gap,

and each bearing on its hind margin 3 or 4 very long, dark,

stout bristles and a number of short dark bristles. Anal

segment slightly tapering, its hind margin rather widely

emarginate, its surface bare in the middle but with short

erect bristles at the sides, its hind angles bearing each a

group of 4 or 5 long bristles.

Ventrally (Pl. X. fig. 4) the material has not admitted of

details being so clearly discerned. Basal sternite as in ¢.

Sternite 2 membranous, bearing short bristles on its surface

and a marginal series of moderately long bristles, longer at

the sides, and rather spaced out. Sternite 3 represented

only by a very short area of membrane, surface bare,

marginal series of bristles similar to the preceding. Ster-

nite 4 also membranous, but more firmly chitinized near its

hind margin, which is widely and rather deeply sinuate in

the middle, and which bears moderately long bristles widely

spaced, some at the sides being suberect and very long.

Sternite 5 much longer, consisting of two more chitinized

halves divided by a median longitudinal streak of pale

membrane ; each half bears scattered, short, suberect bristles,

and the hind margin has bristles of varying length, some

(especially at the outer angles) being very long and suberect.

Subyenital plate in the middle bri adly membranous, pale, and

bare; at the sides more chitinized, and bearing short suberect

bristles; hind margin rounded, without bristles in its

median part, on either side with 4 or 5 bristles, those

nearest the middle being longest.

Loc. India.

1g, 1 ¢, taken from Pipistrellus dormeri, at Coimbatore,

Madras, 24. 1. 1913, by T. B. Fletcher.

This species belongs to the section of the genus Peni-

cillidia, in which the legs are not thickened, and in which

‘* Haftscheiben ”’—that is, httle hard chitinous plates thickly

set with chitinous tubercles and situated on the abdomen

(ventrally in @, dorsally in ¢ )—are absent. It is note-

some Oriental Nycteribiidee. 27

worthy that in P. fletcheri the ventral surface of the thorax

is not convex from front to back, as it markedly is in several

species of the genus. The most remarkable character of

P. fletcheri as a species is the form of the dorsal abdominal

segments of the ?; their plan recalls that of Nycteribia

( Acrocholidia) fryeri, mihi, described from Assumption Island,

South-west Indian Ocean *. In the complete absence of eyes,

the length and slenderness of its legs, the different form of

its ventral thoracic plate, and in many other points, N. fryeri

is entirely different from P. fletcheri, but the abdominal

tergites of the 2 are arranged on the same plan, though

differing in details. In both species the ¢ has a small

basal tergite, with hind margin sinuate or emarginate in the

middle and a series of strong bristles at the hind angles; in

both there is a large second tergite, longitudinally divided

into two halves, each of which is produced behind. P. flet-

cheri is absolutely distinct from any Nycteribid that I have

seen, and ] am unable to make it agree with descriptions or

figures of any that I have not seen; it is dedicated to its

collector, Mr. T. Bainbrigge Fletcher.

2a. Penicillidia fletcheri, var. pumila, var. n.

(Pl. X. fig, 5.)

Length circa 175 mm,

Closely resembling the preceding, but very much smaller.

Even allowing for the shrunken state of the abdomen in

most if not all the specimens, there is a great difference

in size; when var. pumila is viewed side by side with the

type-form, it appears only about half as large.

In the g the only other difference appears to be in the

long bristles in the median part of the hind margins of

abdominal tergites 4,5, and 6; these are very long in the

small form, proportionately longer than in the large g¢ of

the type-form.

In the ? there are more decided differences (Pl. X. fig. 5).

The narrow posterior part of tergife 2 is a little narrower in

var. pumila ; the 4 long bristles on the hind margin of each

half are very long, appearing longer in proportion than in

the type-form; the side-margin of each half, instead of

having only 4 rather short bristles at about the middle, has

4 or 5 longer ones, widely spaced, extending from a little

* At the time of printing this paper my description of N. fryeri is not

yet published ; but it will appear shortly in Trans, Linn. Soc. Londen,

ser. 2, Zool. vol. xvii.

218 Mr. H. Scott on

before the middle to about the length. ‘The median con-

nexivum behind tergite 2 is bare, iustead of having rather

long bristles as in the type-form; and instead of being

terminated behind by two wide chitinous elevated areas,

much bristled, it has only two small tubercular prominences,

each bearmg three bristles. These last characters are the

most important which I have found to separate var. pumila

from typical fletcheri.

I do not consider the differences sufficient for the erection

of pumila as a distinct species, and therefore place it as a

“var.” of fletcheri.

Loc. Ceylon.

3. 6,4 2, taken from Pipistrellus abramus, at Pera-

deniya, xi. 1911, by Fryer.

Nycteribia, Latreille.

Subgenus Acrocholidia, Kolenati.

3. Nycteribia (Acrocholidia) euxesta (Speiser).

(Pls. X., XI. figs. 6-9.)

Penicillidia euxesta, Speiser, Arch. Naturg. xvii. 1, 1901, p. 29.

This species was described from 2 ¢ and 1 2 from Burma,

preserved in the Genoa Museum. ‘Through the kindness of

Dr. R. Gestro I have been able to examine these three

original specimens, and find that 2 g and 4 2 obtained by

Fryer in Ceylon agree closely with them. The species,

however, cannot be retained under the existing classification

in the genus Penicillidia, since an examination with a com-

pound microscope has convinced me that eyes are quite

absent ; it should he referred to the subgenus Acrocholidia

of Nyctcribia.

The length of the original specimens was given as 3’5 mm.,

that of the Ceylon specimens is about 3mm. Speiser stated

that the ¢horaw ventrally was longer than broad ; in the

Ceylon specimens it is about as long as broad; in some

specimens, owing to being curved upwards at the sides,

it appears a little longer than broad, but measurement with

the help of a drawing-apparatus has not shown this to be

actually the case (Pl. XI. fig. 7).

The ABDOMEN was not very completely described in the

original description. In the g the true basal tergite is

small, not reaching to the sides of the abdomen, slightly

broader behind than at the base, pale and whitish ; its surface

bare except for a few very short bristles in the middle, its

some Oriental Nycteribiide. 219

hind margin bearing slightly longer bristles. Tergites 2, 3,

and 4 have their hind margins set with moderately long

bristles, rather far apart (especially on tergite 4) ; tergite 2

has its entire surface covered with short fine bristles ;

tergite 3 has its surface similarly covered, excepting the

extreme basal portion; tergite 4 has its surface bare except

for the middle posterior portion, where there are about two

irregular rows of short bristles just in front of the hind

margin. Tergites5 and 6 are more arched and produced

backwards in the middle; their surfaces are bare, their hind

margins set with long bristles far apart, of which some in

the middle are very long. Anal segment short and blunt, its

apex rather broad, its hind angles rounded ; its surface is

bare in front, but bears a few erect short bristles in its

posterior part ; there are 6 long bristles on the hind margin,

3 on either side in the region of the rounded hind angles.

Ventrally the basal sternite bears two or three irregular

rows of short bristles on the posterior part of its surface, and

the teeth of the ctenidium are close and fairly long. S/er-

nites 2 and 3 are short, their hind margins set with long

strong bristles rather spaced out (the space between each

two bristles is about equal in breadth to twice the thickness

of a bristle at its hase) ; these sternites bear on the posterior

parts of their surfaces short fine bristles, which are more

marked on sternite 2 than on sternite 3. Behind sternite 3

is a plate (=sternites 4+5) longer than the two preceding

sternites taken together; its margin is nearly truncate in

the middle behind, and curves obliquely forward on either

side of this truncate portion; the truncate portion bears

several rows of very short black thorn-bristles ; on either

side of these are three very long bristles, and the lateral

margins also bear some long bristles; the surface is bare

except quite near the margins, where there are some rather

long, fine, erect bristles in front of the thorn-bristles, and

shorter erect bristles near the side-margins, The claspers

lie nearly parallel; their apices are blunt, curved upwards,

and dark-pigmented ; each clasper bears a series of bristles

becoming gradually longer towards its base, the one at the

base being very long.

In the ? (Pls. X., XI. figs. 6, 7) the true basal tergite is

small, similar to that of the g. Tergite 2 is of remarkable

form: large and transverse, with hind margin slightly arcuate,

and set fairly closely with moderately long bristles, those in

the middle a little longer than those at the sides ; the surface

of the tergite has a median longitudinal line of pale con-

nexivum, bare of bristles; on either side of this it is more

220 Mr. H. Scott on

firmly chitinized, pale yellowish, and covered with scattered

short bristles; in shrunk or dried specimens the tergite

sometimes collapses along the median longitudinal line in

such a way that it appears to be divided into two separate

halves, though this is not really the case. The rest of the

abdomen (exclusive of the anal segment) consists of whitish

connexivum; the middle part of this bears stout bristles

covering a roughly triangular area with its apex directed

backwards and reaching to about ? the length of the con-

nexivum ; the bristles on the front part of this area are

rather short, but become gradually longer towards the apex

of the area; the lateral parts of the connexivum bear exceed-

ingly short minute bristles ; the extreme posterior part is

quite bare except for one pair of bristles in the middle, at the

base of the anal segment. Anal segment short and bilobed ;

each lobe has 4 very long and stout bristles at its apex, and

several very short erect ones on its outer side ; the position

of the lobes varies according to the degree of distension of

the abdomen ; in the type from Burma they are wide apart

(fig. 8), in the Ceylon specimen (fig. 6) they he close

together. Ventrally the basal sternite is as in the g. Be-

hind it is an area densely set with long and stout dark

bristles, the arrangement of which cannot be exactly made

out owing to shrinkage of the membrane. Behind this are

two nearly similar short sfernites; each has a median longi-

tudinal pale line, on either side of which it is yellowish and

more firmly chitinized; each has a transverse series of erect

bristles across its surface ; each has a series of rather long

bristles on its hind margin, set wide apart, those on the poste-

rior of the two sternites standing in a bisinuate line ; these

marginal bristles are all directed backwards except at the hind

angles, at each of which are 3 iong bristles directed abruptly

outwards. The large sudgenital plate is longer than the two

preceding segments taken together, trapezoidal, slightly

narrowed behind, with broadly rounded hind angles; its

margin has 3 long bristles at each hind angle ; the surface is

quite bare except in the posterior part, where there is a

group of about 6 erect bristles on either side of the middle

line ; the plate has a median longitudinal line, pale and

more weakly chitinized than the parts on either side. In

spirit-specimens the surface of the plate is quite continuous

(fig. 7), but in the dried original type this weaker middle

line has collapsed into a deep furrow dividing the plate into

two halves* (fig. 9).

* To this fact are due Speiser’s words (/. c.) ‘am Hinterrande mitten

scharf eingezogen und durch eine Langsfurche in zwei Hilften getheilt.”

some Oriental Nycteribiide. 221

The form of the 2 abdomen in this species is charac-

teristic, particularly the median longitudinal line of weak-

ness possessed by the second tergite, the loug dark bristles

covering the median area of the dorsal connexivum, and the

form of the subgenital plate. N. euxvesta does not closely

resemble any species which I have seen.

Loc. Burma, Ceylon.

The original specimens from Burma were taken from

Hipposideros (=Phyllorhina) armiger. Fryer’s specimens

were found on Hipposideros lankadiva at Peradeniya, Ceylon,

on two occasions—vil. 1911, 1 ¢@, 1 2; 8. v. 1912, 1 6,

Subgenus Listropodia, Kolenati.

4. Nycteribia (Listropodia) allotopa, Speiser.

Nycteribia (Listropodia) allotopa, Speiser, Arch, Nature. Ixvii. 1, 1901,

p. 37

Nycteribia (Listropodia) insolta, Scott, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1908,

p. 364, pl. xviii. figs. 9-13.

geen (Listropodia) allotopa, Scott, Arch, Naturg. Ixxix. A, 1913,

p. 97.

This species was not previously known from Ceylon, but

in discussing a long series from Formosa and Speiser’s

original types from Sumatra, in 1913, I mentioned (/. c.) that

I had before me specimens from Ceylon. They are con-

siderably smaller than the Sumatran and Formosan examples,

but in all structural points agree with them very closely. I

also referred to the variability of certain characters. Thus,

in the Formosan series the fourth tergite in the ¢ has its

surface sometimes quite bare, sometimes bearing scattered

short bristles ; the series from Ceylon includes only 3 2,

all of which have short bristles on the surface of this seg-

ment. The second tergite in the ? varies in the Formosan

series in a similar way ; in the Ceylon series it again varies

in like manner, its surface being quite bare in 5 9, but in

the remaining 1 ? bearing short bristles in the whole

middle region from the front to the hind margin, while

remaining quite bare towards the sides. Rather similar

variation has been observed in Penicillidia jenynsi (see

p- 2138).

Loc. Sumatra, Ceylon, China, Formosa.

The series from Ceylon was collected by Fryer from

Miniopterus schreibersi at Peradeniya, x. 1911 (1 g,1 ?)

and. a0, 1. 1992 (2 g2o" 2 ye

222 Mr. H. Scott on

5. Nycteribia (Listropodia) parvula, Speiser.

Nycteribia (Listropodia) parvula, Speiser, 2, Arch. Naturg. lxvii. 1,

1901, p. 88.

Nycteribia (Listropodia) sauteri, Scott, g 2, Trans, Ent. Soc. London,

1908, p. 366, pl. xviii. figs. 14-18.

Nycteribia (Listropodia) parvula, Scott, Arch. Naturg. lxxix. A, 1913,

p- 93.

Fryer collected 1 g of this species from Miniopterus

schreibersi at Peradeniya, 30. 1. 1912. It was previously’

unknown from Ceylon. On the same date and at the same

place ke obtained N. (L.) allotopa, Speiser, from the same

host-species, but whether from the same individual bat is

not recorded. In any case these two species have on several

- occasions been found at the same time and place on

M. schreibersi (see Scott, 1913, op. cit., bottom of p. 93 and

p- 100).

Loc. Sumatra, Ceylon, Formosa.

Cyclopodia, Kolenati.

6. Cyclopodia ferrarii (Rondani). (Pl. XI. figs. 10-15.)

Nycteribia ferrarit, § , Rondani, Ann. Mus. Genova, xii. 1878, p. 161.

Cyclopodia ferrarit, § Q, Speiser, Arch. Naturg. Ixvii. 1, 1901, pp. 46,

54,

This species was described by Rondani from a single

dried g from Java. The 9 was described for the first

time by Speiser (/. c.) from specimens from Burma.

Fryer’s material from Ceylon (whence the species is now for

the first time recorded) includes several specimens, which I

have been able to compare with Rondani’s type and with

9 g and 6 @ (all dried) from Sumatra, these and the

type having been all kindly lent by Dr. R. Gestro from the

Genoa Museum.

The following amplifications and modifications of earlier

descriptions are made principally from the three Ceylon

specimens in alcohol, though I have, of course, also examined

the dried specimens from Sumatra :—The thorax beneath 1s

longer than broad, bluntly rounded in front, with sides

diverging backwards so that the greatest breadth is reached

just before the middle legs ; the median longitudinal line is

not excavated behind; the bristles on the hind margin are

scarcely any longer than those on the surface, in the middle .

part they do not project over the margin at all, only at the

posterior angles are there some rather longer than those on

some Oriental Nycteribiide. 223

the surface. A dorsal view of the @ ABDOMEN is shown in

PI. XI. fig. 10. Its ventral surface (fig. 11) was not described

by Speiser ; the basal sternite bears two rather irregular

rows of short bristles before the hind margin, and the teeth

of the ctenidium are long and strong; the two succeeding

sternites bear scattered short bristles on their surfaces and

stout moderately long bristles set in a fairly close series on

their hind margins ; of these twosternites the third is longer

than the second; then follows a very long fuurth sternite, as

long as the two preceding together, gradually narrowing to

its distal end, with its hind margin slightly bisinuate,

bearing scattered short bristles on its surface (except just in

front of the hind margin, where there is a bare space),

and longer bristles set rather far apart on its hind margin,

and standing outwards on its sides. The claspers are

very remarkable. They are very long and lie in contact

with one another throughout their length. At the base

each clasper bears one long and two short bristles, otherwise

they are almost entirely bare; only in the apical half do

they bear some exceedingly fine and exceedingly short

bristles, and in one specimen where the actual apices are

visible these bear each a short stout black spine (Pl. XI.

fig. 12).

9 Axnpomen (PI. XI. figs. 13, 15).—The basal tergite is

bare on its surface and bears long stout bristles, not set very

close, on its hind margin, This is followed by a long

whitish connexivum covered with short bristles. At the

posterior end of this connexivum and just in front of the

anal segment is a single brown area (see fig. 14), with its

anterior margin rounded, its surface bare, and its hind

margin bearing about 4 or 5 long bristles. Neither in the

2 in alcohol from Ceylon nor in the dried Sumatran 2? ?

from the Genoa Museum can I see any sign of division in

this brown plate or area, and therefore do not understand

Speiser’s reference (/. c.) to ‘“‘ zwei symmetrisch zu beiden

Seiten liegende halbmondférmige, dunkelbraune Chitin-

platten” lying at the posterior extremity of the penultimate

segment; there is no trace of such structures dorsally

situated in the material before me. The anal segment (P|. X1.

fig. 14) has its brown chitinous surface bare; this brown

surface is cleft in the mid-dorsal line behind by a triangular

space extending about halfway to the base of the segment ;

the margins of the brown chitinous portion on either side of

this space and at the apical angles bear long stout bristles ;

the cleft or space itself is occupied by an area of whitish

224 Mr. H. Scott on

membrane with very fine and short bristles on its hind

margin, and which sometimes collapses in dried specimens

so as to make the segment appear distinctly bilobed.

Ventral surface (Pl. XI. fig. 15): the basal sternite as in

the ¢; this is followed by a long expanse of whitish con-

nexivum, set with short bristles as on the dorsal surface,

and bearing two small brown chitinous areas on its hind

margin on either side of the middle line. Behind this is a

segment with its surface bare of bristles, composed chiefly

of whitish connexivum, but with two much larger brown

chitinous areas on either side of the middle line, each of

these areas bearing 4 long bristles on its hind margin. The

subgenital plate is completely divided from base to apex,

by a narrow area of pale membrane, into two brown firmly

chitinized portions, each bearing several long strong bristles

at and near its apex.

Loc. Java, Sumatra, Burma, Ceylon.

The host on which the type was found in Java is not

recorded. The Sumatran specimens (Mus. Genova) are all

labelled ‘ Balighe, x. 1890-111. 1891, E. Modigliani,’ and

one also is labelled ‘‘ Cynopterus?”’ Ceylon: the three

specimens are all from Cynopterus brachyotis ceylonensis ;

all are from Peradeniya, 2 ¢ obtained xi. 1911 and 1 3?

obtained i. 1912 (Fryer).

7. Cyclopodia roylei (Westwood). (Pl. XII. figs. 16, 17.)

Nycteribia roylei, 3, Westwood, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, i. 1835,

. 290, pl. xxxvi. figs. 35, 36; Kolenati, Horz Soc. ent. Ross. ii.

1863, p. 87, pl. xiv. fig. 30.

Cyclopodia royleit, $, Scott, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1908, p. 368,

pl. xviii. fig. 19.

Nycteribia (Acrocholidia) chlamydophora, 3 2, Speiser, Fascic. Malay.,

Zool. vol. i. 1903, p. 123.

For examination of this species I have had before me the

- following material :—Westwood’s type g of N. roylei, pre-

served dry, kindly lent by Professor Poulton from the Hope

Museum, Oxford; a co-type 2 of Speiser’s N. chlamydo-

phora preserved in alcohol in the Cambridge Museum; 3 ¢

and 1 9, unnamed and in alcohol, from Bihar (India) ;

14 g and 23 ¢, also unnamed and preserved in alcohol,

from Ceylon.

My examination of Westwood’s type ¢ in 1908 showed

that it belonged to the genus Cyclopodia. Subsequently, on

examining the co-type ? of N. chlamydophora, I saw that

this species also is really a Cyclopodia, but, having no g

some Oriental Nycteribiide. 225

specimen of it, I could not tell that it was identical with

roylei. Having now examined the large unnamed material

from Ceylon and India, I find that the g ¢ agree closely

with Westwood’s type of roylet, while the ¢ ? correspond

equally closely with Speiser’s co-type of chlamydophora ; I

am therefore convinced that the two species are identical.

The three rings on the ¢ibie are often indistinct on the

dorsal side, but quite distinct on the ventral. In 1908

(/. c.) I expressed doubt as to whether the dark-pigmented

eyes are composed of one or more ocelli. I have now

mounted the head of a specimen in balsam, but even so the

number of facets is hard to determine owing to the opacity

of the dark pigment beneath ; but in this specimen, at any

rate, there are certainly at least two facets in each eye *,

In the ¢ abdomen the bristles extend in unbroken series

across the hind margins of tergites 2, 3,4, and 5. In the

type and in some of the new specimens they form a similar

unbroken series on the hind margin of the sixth (7. e. pen-

ultimate) segment; but in other specimeus the series is

rather widely interrupted in the middle of this segment,

while in some others (intermediates) the bristles become

short and scanty in the middle part, but are not altogether

absent. Speiser, in his description of chlamydophora 3,

refers to sternites 2 and 3 as “auf der Flache beborstet.”

In several specimens which I have examined closely sternite 2

has scattered short bristles on its surface, but sternite 3 is

nearly bare, having only an irregular transverse series of

very short bristles a little behind the middle; in this

sternite also the bristles on the hind margin are very short

and set far apart, only the 3 or 4 middle ones being rather

longer. In other ways the abdomens of the ¢ g from

Ceylon and India correspond with Speiser’s description of

chlamydophora.

The 2? appomen (PI. XII. figs. 16, 17) is, as justly re-

marked by Speiser, characterized by the great length of the

basal segment, both dorsally and ventrally. Dorsally, the

long basal tergite is divided longitudinally into two parts by

* Since writing the above, I have remarked certain particulars in

which C. roylei differs from all typical species of Cyclopodia with which

I am acquainted. This is notably the case in the form of the head.

Although C. royl-i has pigmented eyes of more than one facet, yet the

head is strongly arched dorsally and compressed laterally, as in Penicil-

lidia and Nycteribia; while in C. sykesi and its allies, and in C. ferrarii

the head is broad and flattened dorsally, the compression being in the

horizontal, not in the vertical, plane. This and some other points make

me feel some doubt as to the final generic position of C. royle?. Possibly

a new genus may be needed for its reception.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 15

226 Mr. TH. Scott on

a median line of pale connexivum ; each part is whitish and

soft in its basal quarter, brownish and more strongly

chitinized in its remaining portions; each bears short,

scattered, suberect bristles in its basal half, in the apical

half the bristles are absent towards the outer margin, but

scantily present near the median dividing-line ;. immediately

on either side of the dividing-line the segment 1s produced into

an angular process, more darkly pigmented, and having its

margin set with rather longer, stoutish, bristles. Behind

this ‘basal tergite is an area of pale connexivum, bearing two

slightly darker areas, one on either side, about halfway

between the middle line and the side of the body; each of

these areas bears several very short bristles at its anterior,

and several rather long bristles at its posterior, extremity ;

there is also a pair of bristles on the connexivum between

the posterior extremities of the dark areas. Anal segment

very short, with a transverse series of long bristles at about

half its length; this series is widely interrupted in the

middle, there being about four bristles on either side.

Ventrally (Pl. XII. fig. 17) the basal sternite is of great

length, with a dark median longitudinal line, and the short

bristles on its surface do not extend quite to the hind

margin ; the ctenidium does not extend right across the

margin, but ends on either side a little way from the angle,

the space between it and the angie bearing several marginal

bristles. The succeeding sternites (2, 3,and 4) are curiously

arched and bent forwards in the middle; the chitinous

portions of sternites 2 and 3 are widely interrupted in the

middle, so that these sternites are represented by connexi-

vum medially and a chitinous plate on either side; in

sternite 4 the chitinous portion is continuous, and forms a

narrow arched strip (see Pl. XII. fig. 17). The surfaces of

these sternites are bare, but their hind margins bear mode-

rately long bristles set at regular intervals, which, however,

are reduced in sternite 4 to only three or four bristles on

either side ; [it is only in specimens with abdomens greatly

distended that the median parts of these sternites are

visible ; in most they are hidden under the basal sternite].

Sternite 5 is of peculiar shape; produced in front into an

apex extending into the arch formed by the fourth sternite ;

hind margin broadly rounded, without marginal bristles ;

the sternite is divided by a pale median longitudinal line ; it

has a pair of very short bristles, one on either side of the

median dividing-line near its base, a second pair of slightly

longer antles « similarly ae at about its middle, and

to or three still longer bristles on either side of the median

some Oriental Nycteribiide, 227

line near the apex; [some variation is noticeable, e. g. the

? from Bihar has an extra four bristles situated two on

either side of the median line midway between the basal and

median pairs, and this specimen also has the apex of the

sternite shallowly emarginate, a character not observed in

any other]. Subgenital plate almost hidden under sternite 5,

undivided, with bluntly rounded apex, and several longish

bristles on and near its margin on either side.

The form of the 9 abdomen in C. roylei is quite unlike

that of any other Nycteribiid known to me. The very

great length of the basal segment is highly remarkable, as,

too, is the extraordinary arching forwards of the second,

third, and fourth sternites. The position of the spiracles also

appears curious ; two pairs are visible dorsally on the con-

nexivum, one pair rather close to the middle line, immediately

adjacent to the inner side of the anterior extremities of the

lateral dark areas, and another not much posterior to this,

but situated quite at the sides of the body. Two other pairs

are visible on the connexivum ventrally, close behind the

outer angles of sternites 2 and 3.

Loc. Malay Peninsula, Ceylon, India.

Westwood’s type of Nycteribia roylei was recorded from

* India orientalis” without further particulars, and the host

was unrecorded. The specimens described by Speiser as

Nycteribia chlamydophora were from the Malay Peninsula,

from Biserat, Jalor, and from Bukit Besar, in both cases on

Scotophilus castaneus, Horsfield, which Mr. Oldfield Thomas

considers to be merely a form of Scotophilus kuhli, Teach

(see below).

3 ¢ and 1 ? were obtained by T. Bainbrigge Fletcher

on Scotophilus heathi, Horsfield, at Pusa, Bihar, India,

vi. 1911. Fryer’s material from Ceylon is as follows :—

9 g and 18 2 on Scotophilus wroughtoni, Thomas, Pera-

deniya, 1912; 3 g¢ on Tylonycteris pachypus, Peradeniya,

9.xi.1911; 1 ¢ and 3 2 on the same host, Peradeniya,

20. xii. 1911; 1 g and 2 ¢ probably from Scotophilus

wroughtoni, collected i. 1912 at Ambalangoda by Dr. Bugnion

and given by him to Fryer.

Also the British Museum contains the following :—

2 dried Q ?, labelled ‘India: Hardwicke Bequest ”’ (these

were referred to as “ N. roylii?” by Walker, List. Dipt. iv.

p- 1148); 1 dried ? taken in Madras on Megaderma lyra

(registration number 79. 51); ] 2 in spirit taken at

Saidapet, Madras, 1. 1. 1908, on Scotophilus kuhli.

228 ? Mr. H. Scott on

8. Cyclopodia sykesi (Westwood).

Nycteribia sykesi, Westwood, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, i. 1835, p. 288,

pl. xxxvi. figs. 1-25.

Cyclopodia sykesi, Kolenati, Hore Soc. ent. Ross. ii. 1868, p. 82,

pl. xiii. fig. 27; Speiser, Arch. Naturg. xvii. 1. 1901, pp. 39, 59.

Loc. India, Ceylon.

Fryer collected 2 g and 2 9 from Pteropus giganteus

(=medius), vill. 1911; the exact place in Ceylon is not

stated,

100 specimens of this species, 57 g¢ and 43 9, were

obtained from 11 specimens of Pteropus giganteus at Bar-

beryn Island, Ceylon, in 1907 by T. Bainbrigge Fletcher.

This large series was reported on by the present writer in

Trans. Ent. Soe. London, 1907, p. 421. It was found that

the ¢ 3 showed practically no variation, while the ? ?

varied in one respect, in the number of big tubercles (nor-

mally four) which stand in a group in the middle of the

dorsal abdominal connexivum (see op. cit. p. 424).

9. Eucampsipodia hyrtli (Kolenati). (Pl. XII. figs. 18, 19.)

Nycteribia hyrth, Kolenati, Paras. d. Chiropt. Briinn, 1856, p. 42.

Eucampsipodia hyrtli, Kolenati, Horz Soc. ent. Ross, ii. 1863, p. 78,

pl. xiv. fig. 26 a-c; Speiser, Arch. Naturg. lxvii. 1. 1901, p. 48; id.

in Voeltzkow, Reise in Ost-Afrika, 11 1908, p. 202.

This species has not, to my knowledge, been recorded

previously from Ceylon, but Fryer obtained 5 ¢ and 3 9,

and the Cambridge Museum also possesses ] ¢ (in a rather

shrivelled state) obtained in that island some years ago by

H. H. W. Pearson.

The ¢ 6 differ only in some trifling details from Kolenati’s

(1868) description and figure. The basal sternite in the

Ceylon specimens is bare towards its hase, but has two

irregular rows of short bristles towards its hind margin.

The second sternite is not bare (as shown in Kolenati’s

fig. 26 c), but has on its surface several irregular rows of

short bristles, which become longer and more numerous to-

wards the sides. The third sternite has only a single row of

bristles across its dise, and this row is widely interrupted in

the middle. The fourth sternite has its surface quite bare

in the Ceylon specimens, without a group of several long

bristles on either side. (All these remarks apply only to

the bristles on the surfaces of the segments, not to those on

their hind margins.) The form of the claspers is charac-

teristic, straight, lying close beside one another, rather

some Oriental Nycteribiidee. 229

suddenly widened at the base, with short thorn-bristles along

their outer margins towards the apex.

Kolenati only figured the g, and as I am not aware that

the ? has been figured, figures of the dorsal and veutral

aspects of its abdomen are given here (Pl. XII. figs. 18, 19).

Dorsally, the basal tergite is bare except for some very short

bristles irregularly placed immediately in front of its hind

margin and for longer and shorter bristles on the hind

margin. The connexivum is covered with scattered short

bristles, except at its extreme base and in its apical portion,

which are bare; behind the middle it bears two groups,

consisting each of about 5 very long strong bristles, those

of each group placed close together in a series running

obliquely backwards and outwards. On the anal segment is

a transverse series of 10 very long bristles, interrupted—in

some specimens, at any rate—by a slight gap in the middle.

Ventrally, the basal sternite is bare towards its base, but has

two or three irregular rows of short bristles towards its hind

margin; asin the @, the teeth of the ctenidium are strong

and close. On the connexivum the short bristles are arranged

in rather irregular transverse series ; the anterior part bears

about 6 of these series, and 8 very long bristles, of which

those near the middle line are placed further forward than

the outer ones; the arrangement is shown in-Pl. XII. fig. 19,

which is taken from a 2 with abdomen greatly distended.

Behind these anterior series of short bristles is a short gap,

an area bare of bristles, extending across the abdomen.

Behind this gap are 6 more series of bristles, behind the

first three of which is an indication of another gap, though

this is much less marked than the anterior one. The hind-

most series has several of the bristles longer than the rest,

one towards either side of the abdomen being very long.

Behind the last series of bristles is a bare area of connexivum ;

under the genital opening is a more or less chitinous brown

area, with an indication of a longitudinal division into two

halves. Across the middle of it is a series of bristles, while

its hind margin is set with longer and shorter bristles, some

being very long. The arrangement is not so regular

in all specimens as in the one figured ; sometimes the

‘bristles on the surface are much more scattered.

Figure 19 also shows the way in which the thorax is

narrowed, its sides “ cut away,” so to speak, in front, which

causes the thoracic ctenidia to show very conspicuously in a

ventral view.

Loc. Africa (Senegal, Egpyt); Comoro Islands (Grand

Comoro); Sumatra; Burma; Ceylon,

230 Mr. H. Scott on

Fryer’s specimens were collected at Peradeniya :—from

Tylonycteris pachypus, xii. 1911, 1 ¢; from Rousettus semi-

nudus, xii. 1911, 1 g, and iv.1911,3 ¢,3 9.

Speiser states in Voeltzkow’s ‘ Reise’ that the specimens

collected in Grand Comoro were from a species of Rousettus.

In the same work he remarks on the very wide distribution

of Eucampsipodia hyrtii. In Arch. Naturg. (/. c.) he stated

that it has been taken in Egypt on Cynonycteris eagyptiaca,

and Kolenati (Hore Ross., /. c.) records it from Xantharpyia

egyptiaca on the Senegal ; I am informed that both these

names are synonyms of Rousetius egypliacus.

IJ. Re-pEscrietion oF Nycrerrsré PARILIS, WALKER.

This species was described by Walker from a single ¢

collected at Batchian (Moluccas) by Wallace and preserved

dry in the British Museum. Walker’s description is as

follows: “ Nycteribia parilis, n. s. Pallide lutea. Pale

luteous. Length of the body 4 line.” As it is quite

impossible to say from this description even to what genus

the species belongs, Speiser, in his work published in 1901,

merely included it as a doubtful species in his list. I have

carefully examined Walker’s type and find that the species

belongs to the subgenus Listropodia of Nycteribia. I also

found in the British Museum another 4g, preserved dry,

from Australia, belongimg to the same species. 1 have also

examined in the British Museum 3 ¢ and 2 9, preserved in

spirit, collected by Mr. Frederick Muir in Amboyna in 1908,

and find these also to be N. parilis. These Amboyna

specimens, and a number of others of the same species

obtained at the same time and place, had previously been

examined by Speiser and named by him in manuscript

Listropodia tolisima. I therefore have to give this name

asa synonym of parilis, though, as far as I am aware, no

description of ¢olisima has been published. Muir, in his

paper cited below, dealing with Ascodipteron and other

Diptera Pupipara found by him in Amboyna, refers several

times to “‘ Lipoptena tolisina, Speiser,” which is probably an

error for “‘ Listropodia tolisima, Speiser,” and may thus have

reference to the species under discussion.

Moreover, in 1908 Speiser described a species from

Madagascar, Nycteribia stylidiopsis. Judging from the

description and figures, this must be very closely allied to,

if not identical with, Nycteribia parilis. Some slight

differences are apparent, such as the presence in the figures

of stylidiopsis of fine short bristles on the surfaces of certain

some Oriental Nycteribiide. 231

segments which are bare in the specimens of parilis before

me. But these differences are no greater than some which

have been found to be due to individual variation in certain

other species.

I have endeavoured without success to obtain the loan of

specimens of stylidiopsis for comparison with parilis, a com-

parison which alone could settle the question of their possible

identity. I must therefore be content to insert below the

name, and a reference to the description of, stylidiopsis as a

possible synonym of parilis.

At all events, it is now possible to give a full description

and figures of both sexes of Nycteribia parilis, Walker.

‘hey are made from the spirit-specimens collected by Muir

in Amboyna, in which the characters can be clearly made

out, and which correspond closely with Walker’s type.

Nycteribia (Listropodia) parilis, Walker.

(Pl. XII. figs. 20-23.)

Nycteribia parilis, Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool. y. 1861,

p. 800; Speiser, Arch. Naturg. xvii. 1. 1901, p. 52.

? Nycteribia (Listropodia) stylidiopsis, Speiser, ¢ 2, in Voeltzkow,

Reise in Ost-Afrika, ii. 1908, p. 200.

Nycteribia (Listropodia) tolisima, Speiser, MS.

? Lipoptena tolisina, Muir, Bull. Mus. Zool. Harvard, liv. 1912, pp. 351-

366, pl. ii. (larva).

N. parilis is a minute pale-coloured Nycteribia, belonging

to the subgenus Listropodia, that is, having the tibiz broad

and flattened. Its most remarkable feature lies in the form

of the 2 abdomen, in which a greater number of segments

are distinguishable than is the case in the 9? 2 of many

Nycteribiide. A glance at fig. 22 will show that 4 seg-

ments are distinguishable dorsally in addition to the anal

segment, the dorsal chitinous portion of which is sym-

metrically divided in a remarkable manner.

Length of the body 1°25-15 mm.

Colour pale, yellowish. Head bare, with only two bristles

on the front margin of the vertex and a very few more on

the margins of the cheeks. Femora with their anterior

surfaces bearing short bristles in the front pair, nearly bare

in the middle and hind pairs; posterior surfaces bare of

bristles except in the lower portion towards the base ; lower

edges bearing some short bristles, and a very long erect one

directed forwards, situated at about ? the length from the

base ; upper edges bare except for a few short bristles near

the apex, and two short erect ones situated respectively at

about } the length from the apex and immediately on the

232 Mr. ©. T. Regan on the

through eye to base of caudal; 10 to 12 dark cross-bars ;

dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins with series of dark spots; caudal

dusky.

Thiree specimens, 30 to 40 mm. in total length.

This species is very closely related to C. tnterruptum,

Pellegrin (Bull. Mus. Paris, 1909, p. 151), from Serra

d’Estrello, Rio Grande do Sul, in which the lateral line runs

on 9 scales to below the origin of the dorsal fin, which has

only 11 rays.

Corydoras macropterus.

Depth of body 3} to 34 in the length, length of head

34 to 382. Diameter of eye 5, interorbital width 24 to 23,

length of snout 2 to 23 in the length of head. Suborbital

narrow ; cheek covered with short bristles, strongest in males ;

barbels nearly reaching gill-opening. Dorsal I 8; spine

about } the length of head; fin very elevated, second and

third rays longest, when laid back reaching tip of adipose

fin (?) or base of caudal (@) ; base of dorsal rather less

than its distance from adipose fin, which is preceded by

3 to 5 median scutes. Anal I 6-7. Pectoral very long,

extending to origin of anal. Scutes 24—25/21-22 ; humeral

shields wide apart, each separated by 2 scutes from base

of pelvic fin. 3 or 4 dark blotches on the back, more

or less alternating with others on the lower part of the side,

both series connected with an irregular lateral band; dorsal

and caudal barred with series of spots ; lower fins dusky,

Four specimens, 55 to 65 mm, in total length,

Tn coloration and in the bristles on the cheeks this species

shows relationship to C. kroned, Ribeiro, but it differs in the

shorter snout and broader interorbital region and especially

in the produced dorsal and pectoral fins,

XXIIL—The Paciliid Fishes of the Genus Jenyasia.

By C. Tate Rea@an, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

For many years the only known species of the genus

Jenynsia was J. lineata, Jenyns *, originally described from

Maldonado and Montevideo. In 1902 a second species,

* For the synonymy v, Garman, Mem, Mus, Comp, Zool, xix. 1897,

p. 69.

Peciliid Fishes of the Genus Jenynsia. 233

J. pygogramma, was described by Boulenger* ; the types

come from the Rio Cruz del Eje, Cordova, Argentina, and

the species is well distinguished from J. lineata by its

irregular scaling, the abdomen being naked and the scales on

the back much smaller than on the sides of the body.

= 2

= 2 = Be 2

238° 2B 2222 Ree

ZgB2>+22= a ea = SS a

+ Ss =s3 ]2 a - = = == =

2B 2 FSEB7F4 ES a =

a ata ae ea = Ss —} a — ro

are SoS SSS >=> =

Saat Age S73 *|

(yf

NUN

anne =p

aupitine

mn Utne

MUTT

In 1906 I described J. maculata t from Cachi, Salta,

Argentina, as a new species, and quite recently Haseman

has added J. eigenmanni {, a supposed new species from

the Rio Iguassu.

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) ix. 1902, p. 336.

+ Ibid. (7) xviii. 1906, p. 164.

¢ Ann. Carnegie Mus. vii. 1911, p. 385, pl, lxxxii.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi. 16

234 On some Oriental Nycteribiide.

a small area of bare whitish connexivum extending to the

hind margin; hind angles produced into short tubercles,

each bearing 4 long bristles.

Ventrally (Pl. XII. fig. 23) 6 sternites are distinguish-

able in addition to the anal segment. Basal sternite as

in g. Sternite 2 entirely membranous, short, with a trans-

verse series of short bristles on its surface, and its hind

margin indicated by a series of long bristles set wide apart.

Sternite 3 longer, also entirely membranous, with a similar

series of long bristles on its hind margin, and a series of

very short and minute bristles across its disc. Sternites 4,

5, and 6: in each the anterior part consists of bare, pale

~membrane ; in the posterior part of each are two chitinous

areas, separated in the middle by a narrow space occupied

by membrane ; the chitinous areas have their hind margins

set with alternating long bristles and short thorn-bristles,

some of the long bristles being situated on and others

immediately in front of the margin, and those furthest from

the middle being directed strongly outwards. In front of

the genitul opening, near the middle line, is a transverse

series of 4 short thorn-bristles, and behind these two long

bristles. Anal segment with several short thorn-bristles at

the sides and near the hind angles ; (as previously mentioned

each angle bears 4 long bristles).

Loc. Batchian (Moluccas); Amboyna; Australia; |? Mada-

gascar]. a

Batchian, 1 g (the type), collected by A. R. Wallace,

host unrecorded ; preserved dry in British Museum.

Amboyna, a number of ¢ gf and 2 ? from Miniopterus

schreibersi, 1908, F. Muir.

Australia, 1 g preserved dry in British Museum, labelled

** Australia: presented by Mr. Tomes, 57. 7: on Minio-

pterus australis.”

[ Madagascar, see above, remarks on Nycteribia styli-

diopsis, Speiser |.

Note.—One of the g¢ ¢ from Amboyna has a fungus of

the Order Laboulbeniacez situated ventro-laterally on its

anal segment. This adds another species to the list of

Nycteribiids on which these fungi have been found: see

Scott, Arch. Naturg. Ixxix. A, 1913, pp. 96, 97.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES X.-XII.

Penicillidia fletcheri, sp. n.

Fig. 1. 3, dorsal view of abdomen.

Fig. 2. 3, ventral view of abdomen.

Fig. 3. 2, dorsal view of abdomen.

On new Species of Paralastor. 235

“ig. 4. 2, ventral view of thorax and abdomen.

Fig. 5. Var. pumila, var. n., 2, dorsal view of abdomen (to slightly

larger scale than the preceding figures).

Nycteribia ( Acrocholidia) euxesta (Speiser).

©, dorsal view of abdomen.

, ventral view of thorax and abdomen.

2, anal segment of Speiser’s original type (dried), more highly

magnified,

ae subgenital plate of original type (dried), to same scale as

fig. 8

s Se

Cyclopodia ferrarit (Rondani).

Fig. 10. 3, dorsal view of abdomen.

Fig. 11. 3, ventral view of abdomen.

Fig. 12. 3, apex of claspers, more highly magnified.

Fig. 13. 92, dorsal view of abdomen.

Fig. 14. 2, dorsal view of anal segment and of the chitinous plate in

front of it, more highly magnitied,

Fig. 15. 2, ventral view of abdomen,

Cyclopodia roylet (Westw.).

Fig. 16. 2, dorsal view of abdomen.

Fig. 17. 9, ventral view of abdomen.

Eucampsipedia hyrtli (Kolenati).

Fig. 18. 2, dorsal view of much contracted abdomen.

Fig. 19. 9, ventral view of much distended abdomen.

Nycteribia (Listropodia) parilis, Walker.

Fig. 20. 3, dorsal view of abdomen.

Fig. 21. 3, ventral view of abdomen.

Fig. 22. 2, dorsal view of abdomen.

Fig. 23. 2, ventral view of thorax and abdomen.

XXVIII.— New Species of Paralastor, Sauss. (Hymenopter a,

Fam. Eumenide), collected by Mr. R. E. Turner in S.W.

Australia. By R. C. L. Perkins, M.A., D.Sc., F.Z.S.

THE first five forms of Paralastor here described, which were

collected by Mr. R. E. Turner at Yallingup, S. W. Australia,

from November to January 1913, are almost identical in

colour-pattern, the yellow bands and spots differing a little in

depth of colour in different species.

All have the following markings in both sexes :—Two

spots on the front of the pronotum, one each side on the

mesopleura beneath the tegulew, a pair on the scutellum, and

an apical band on the first two abdominal segments yellow,

236 Dr. R. C. L. Perkins on new

never whitish nor conspicuously parti-coloured, but sometimes

tending to orange.

The first abdominal band is in most cases narrow, occupying

less than half of the dorsal (¢. e. non-decliveus) portion of the

segment; the second is always narrow and never occupies

more than } or } of the length of the second segment.

With the exception of the 2 of one species, which has the

propodeum marked with yellow, I think all the forms would

fall in the section 27-34 of my dichotomous table of Para-

lastor recently sent for publication to the Zoological Society

of London.

It is certain that most of these new forms differ little, if at

all, structurally from some of those previously described ; but

as they differ very greatly in superficial appearance, and

intermediates are not known, for the present they are better

kept apart.

It is almost certain that in Hymenoptera, as in Lepidoptera,

a species may assume a totally different appearance in different

localities, as it comes in contact with other species of distinct

pattern or colour, while specifically it is really unchanged,

The material at present collected in Australia is too sparse to

allow one to make a satisfactory study of this interesting

subject, especially as from large areas no collections at all

are available.

The five forms in question may easily be distinguished by

the aid of the following table :—

Face with a median yellow spot between the an-

tenn; clypeus not deeply but distinctly emar-

PINAES. ..ns ssc see eae Shoe ob ee eh een Eee Se 1.

Face without this spot; clypeus truncate or hardly

Wisibly emarginate «2... .cnee-- oe ede eawobe 3.

1. eoulke black. iss cen cs ose eke ees See rs ere auster.

Tegule pale, yellow or testaceous, more or less marked

withycllow <. cui. .ws «50% cs eee eee eee 2.

2. Apical margin of the clypeus distinctly raised,

forming a thickened rim; d tibize dark; pro-

podeum of 9 with yellow spots.............. neochromus.

Apical margin of the clypeus not distinctly raised ;

do tibiz pale or rufescent, sometimes more or

less marked with yellow; Q propodeum im-

oC any SA AI can yt kG aire so-etb-n nt letus, Perkins,

3. Tegulee conspicuously marked with yellow ; second

abdominal segment seen in profile with short erect

BAIS The en vo so a wee ee ee ee ee equifasciatus,

Tegule dark, at most brownish or testaceous in part;

second abdominal segment with thin clothing

of long erect hairs all over. (od antenne 12-

jointed:) «5, avs!. a BiLRRe sath o stee ws Beale eee ... subpunctulatus,

Species of Paralastor from S.W. Australia. 237

Paralastor auster, sp. 0.

The clypeus of the ¢ is yellow*, of the Q wholly black,

the medio-frontal spot is elongate, the scutellar spots very

widely separated; scape of the antenne entirely black in

both sexes. First abdominal band narrow, but bearing

numerous punctures. Legs, including the tarsi, black ov

nearly so.

Clypeus lightly but distinctly emarginate ; in the @ the

margin is distinctly raised. Antenne of g 11-jointed.

Head and thorax densely and distinctly punctured, so closely

as to be subrugose. Second ventral segment above tlie

sulcature strongly angularly prominent or tuberculate. The

apical ventral segments of the g, seen from the side, all

clothed with short erect hairs. The folded wings with

distinct violaceous iridescence along the dark costal portion.

Length 85-10 mm. ‘The measurement is taken from the

front of the head to the apex of the second abdominal

segment in all species.

Hab. Yallingup, 8.W. Australia, November, Dec.—Jan.

1913 (&. #. Turner), 2 8,1 9. British Museum.

Paralastor letus, Perkins.

Clypeus of 3 yellow, of 2 black, with two yellow basal

spots, sometimes connected. Scape of ¢ yellow in front, of

2 generally black, sometimes with a yellow streak. Medio-

frontal spot ovate or roundish, not strongly elongate as in the

preceding. First abdominal band rarely occupying half the

surface of the posterior non-declivous portion of the segment,

but bearing many conspicuous punctures. Tegule testa-

ceous and yellow, the scutellar spots separated by less than

the width of one of them, Tibiz and tarsi uniformly ferru-

ginous, somtimes with yellow markings.

Clypeus very distinctly emarginate, but not bordered at

‘the apex, in the ¢ with obscure and copious fine punctures,

in the ¢ shining, either with sparse or very irregular larger

punctures, and with other finer ones.

Puncturation of head, thorax, &e. much asin P. parca Ke.,

the general structure also resembling that species. Erect

hairs of the second dorsal abdominal segment of only mode-

rate length, some longer ones at the base. Apical ventral

segment ofthe ¢ somewhat shining, with conspicuous longish

erect hairs (in lateral aspect) similar to those on the preceding

* The general pattern of colour, common to this and the four

following species, is given at the beginning of this paper.

238 Dr. R. C. L. Perkins on new

segments. Antenne ¢ 11-jointed, the apical ones very

small and sunk in the eighth.

Length, 2, 9-11 mm.

The yellow bands become of a darker shade basally, but

are not conspicuously bicolorous, as in P. vu/pinus &e.

This species closely resembles P. parca, but, apart from

colour, it lacks the very long hairs of the second abdominal

segment. I originally described it from 2 ¢ ¢ from Free-

mantle, from which the single ¢ from Yallingup differs in

small details.

Hab. Yallingup, 8.W. Australia, Nov.-Jan. (Turner),

16,4 ?. Bnitish Museum.

Paralastor subpunctulatus, sp. 0.

Clypeus of ¢ yellow, of 9 black with a transverse, basal,

large yellow spot, which is usually, but not always, lunulate.

Scape of antenne in both sexes black, the medio-frontal spot

absent. Tegule dark, sometimes with a testaceous spot or

suffused with brown, but without yellow markings. Scu-

tellar spots generally larger in the ? than in the g. Legs

generally black or dark.

Clypeus in ¢ either trancate or very feebly emarginate at

the apex, in the 9 truncate, shining. Antenne of g with

twelve distinct joints, the four apical ones curved into a heok,

and, if straightened out, together as long as the eighth. In

sculpture of head and thorax &c. and in general structure

this form differs very little from P. punctulatus, Sauss., of

Tasmania and the mountains of New South Wales, but is

very distinct in appearance by the yellow (not nearly white)

bands and spots, and the first abdominal band is considerably

wider. ‘Ihe puncturation of its basal abdominal segment is

also evidently more dense and serves to distinguish the two.

In some details of structure and sculpture both vary in

exactly the same manner.

Length 10-12 mm.

Hab. Yallingup, 8.W. Australia (Turner), 6 g and 5 ?,

Nov.—Jan.

Most of the specimens are considerably abraded, but they

bear a long thin pubescence as in P. punctulatus.

Paralastor neochromus, sp. n.

Clypeus of ¢ yellow, with a median black spot extending

to the apical margin, so that the yellow colour in the middle

line is very slightly interrupted there, the raised margin

Spectes of Paralastor from S.W. Australia. 239

itself also black. In the ? the clypeus is black, with two

large, curved, lateral, yellow spots, nearly meeting at the

base and not reaching to the apical margin. Probably the

colour varies. Scape of @ yellow in front, in 2 with a

yellow line. Medio-frontal spot ovate. Scutellar spots

nearly meeting, or, at least, not widely separated. In the ?

there are two small, widely separated, postscutellar spots, and

much larger ones on the propodeum. Tegule shining, for

the most part with very fine and indefinite puncturation,

more or less brown or testaceous, with a yellow spot at the

hind angle. Size of P. erturgus and argentifrons.

This species appears to me to represent in its own locality

the P. erturgus of Queensland and P. argentifrons of

Adelaide, Victoria, &c., from which it hardly differs in

structure, though entirely different in appearance from

either.

Hab. Yallingup, 8.W. Australia, Dec.—Jan. 1913, ¢ & 9

(Turner).

Paralastor equifasciatus, sp. n.

Female with the clypeus black, with a transverse basal

yellow spot or band not reaching the lateral margins and

angulately emarginate in front, sometimes divided into two

separate spots. No yellow spot between the antenne.

Tegule with yellow marking. WScutellar spots rather large,

but widely separated.

Clypeus shining, the puncturation largish but not at all

close, the apex nearly straightly truncate. Head and thorax

with ordinarily coarse and copious punctures, the post-

scutellum unarmed. Tegule shining, for a large part with

very faint surface-sculpture or hardly visible minute punctu-

ration. The abdominal bands are simple and nearly of equal

width ; that of the first segment bears many conspicuous

punctures, but does not occupy half the length of the seg-

ment in dorsal aspect. Second ventral segment angulately

produced in the middle above the truncation, or tuberculate

there, but varying in the strength of the tuberculation.

Hairs of head and thorax of about equal length. Wings

shining fusco-hyaline, darker along the costa.

Length 12-14 mm.

This species may be placed with P. carinatus, Sm., and its

allies.

flab. Yallingup, 8.W. Australia, 5 2 9 in December

(Turner).

240 Mr. O. Thomas on

Paralastor eutretus, sp. n.

Female black, the pronotum, tegule, two spots on the

scutellum posteriorly, most of the postscutellum, the tibiee

and tarsi, the first abdominal segment (excepting its basal

declivous portion), an apical band on the second occupying

about the apical sixth of its length, as well as a medio-

frontal spot and a small one behind each eye red or ferru-

ginous.

Clypeus very slightly emarginate, but the lateral teeth

subacute, rather evenly and largely punctured, the punctures

shallow. Pronotum truncate and evidently margined in

front. Head and thorax with short hairs, very closely,

evenly, subrugosely punctured. Wings sublyaline, darker

along the costa. Basal abdominal segment extremely densely

punctured ; second coarsely, closely, and nearly evenly pune-

tured all over, narrow, long, subparallel-sided ; beneath,

behind the sulcature, well raised above the basal part, but

not extremely strongly so, and not at all produced in the

middle at the top of the truncation, there being no trace of a

prominent tubercle. Dorsally the second segment is strongly

convex longitudinally towards the base, but not greatly

raised.

This small narrow species may perhaps be best placed

next to P. despectus, P. It in many respects resembles

P. imitator structurally, but the tegule lack the very coarse

punctures, and over a large area they are smooth and

shining and almost without puncturation on this area.

Length about 8 mm.

Hab. Yallingup, 8.W. Australia, L ¢ in December

(Turner).

Obs. When describing P. debilitatus I made the remark

that the unique example bore a MSS. name, A. puszdlus,

Sauss. ‘This was an error, it having been labelled A. pu-

sillusculus by Saussure without being described.

XXIX.—WNew South-American Rodents.

By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Sciurus griseogena klagesi, subsp. n.

A pale long-haired highland form of griseogena.

Fur long and very soit; hairs of back about 16 mm. in

new South- American Rodents. 941

leneth. General colour finely speckled grey, with practi-

cally none of the warm buffy tone suffusing the colour of

both griseogena and the Merida highland subspecies S. g.

meridensis. Under surface bright ochraceous buff, a few

hairs in the axilla white. Crown and muzzle grizzled with

buffy, paler than in griseogena. Ears darker buffy brown,

contrasting with the grey of the head ; light patches behind

them scarcely perceptible. Forearms and hands strong

buffy, the olive bases of the hairs showing but little; the

feet, however, are rather olive-grey, brightened by the buffy

tips of the hairs, especially along the hallucal border. Tail

grizzled greyish for its basal half, its next two-fifths washed

with buffy neither so deep nor so extended as in griseogena,

its tip black.

Skull as in griseogena.

Dimensions of the type (as measured by collector) :—

Head and body 192 mm.; tail 190; hind toot 46 ;

ear 25. _

Skull: greatest length 49; condylo-incisive length 44 ;

front of p* to back of m® 9:3.

Hab. Galitaré, Cerro del Avila, near Caracas, Venezuela.

Alt. 6500’.

Type. Subadult female. B.M. no. 14. 7. 27.3. Original

number 16. Collected 12th February, 1914, by Mr. 8S. M.

Klages. Presented by the Hon. N. Charles Rothschild.

While the highland subspecies of Merida is of the same

warm hue as typical grisevgena, this form from the mountains

near Caracas is distinguishable by its clear greyish colour

and the lesser extent of the buffy on the middle of the tail.

Osgood’s S. g. tame, from the Upper Tachira River, is said

to be paler than meridens/s, but, as its locality is on the

opposite side of meridensis from the present, it obviously

cannot be the same form as the Caracas squirrel.

Oryzomys albigularis merex, subsp. n.

A dark form of the albigu/aris group.

General cliaracters of a/b/gularis, but colour conspicuously

darker. Body-colour near Prout’s brown, the sides rather

more fulvous, but the whole area of the back darkened with

an intermixture of black. Whole of head blackish grey,

like the muzzle of albigularis. Under surface of the usual

slaty washed with creamy white, but no white pectoral

patches present (in sixteen specimens). Front of forearms

and whole of lower legs dark blackish grey. Tail blackish

above, irregularly whitish below.

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 16

249 Mr. O. Thomas on

Skull as in albigularis, but the palatal foramina shorter.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 140 mm.; tail 162; hind foot 34;

ear 20.

Skull: greatest length 34:8 ; condylo-incisive length 31'8 ;

zygomatic breadth 18 ; nasals 12°5 ; interorbital breadth 5;

breadth of brain-case 14; palatilar length 15:3; palatal

foramina 4°6; upper molar series 5°7.

Hab. Mindo, N.W. of Quito, Ecuador. Alt. 4200’.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 13.10. 24.43. Original

number 113. Collected 4th June, 1913, by Gilbert Ham-

mond. Presented by Oldfield Thomas. Sixteen specimens.

While Dr. Allen’s O. pectoralis from the Cauca and the

typical O. ald¢gularis are almost precisely like each other in

colour, this form from Mindo differs from both by its much

darker hue, and especially by its blackened dorsal area. Its

very short palatal foramina are also characteristic.

Oryzomys caracolus, sp. 0.

A small species allied to O. meridensis,

Size decidedly less than in O. meridensis and its near

relatives maculiventer and tame, but larger than in the

Trinidad velutinus. Fur soft and fine, hairs of back about

10 mm. in length. General colour greyish brown washed

with fulvous on sides, darker brown on median dorsal area.

Below grey washed with creamy white, just as in meridensis,

but there is less tendency to the formation of white pectoral

patches, only one specimen of three having such a patch at

all, and that a very small one. Head grey, without fulvous

intermixture. Hands and feet slender, pale grey colour, the

hairs silvery white. Tail very finely haired, grey above,

white below, the two colours not sharply contrasted.

Skull smaller than in meridensis. Interorbital region flat

above, its edges with a greater tendency to have a supra-

orbital bead, instead of being rounded, as is usually the case

in meridensis. Palatal foramina comparatively rather long.

Molars smaller than in meridensis, much larger than in

velutinus.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 131 mm. ; tail 144; hind foot (s. u.) 31;

ear 23.

Skull: greatest length 33-2 ; condylo-incisive length 29°7 ;

zygomatic breadth 17; nasals 12°5 ; interorbital breadth 5 ;

breadth of brain-case 14; palatilar length 14°5; palatal

foramina 6°2 ; upper molar series 5.

new South-American Rodents. 243

Hab. Galiparé, Cerro del Avila, near Caracas, Venezuela.

Alt. 6000’.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 14. 7. 27.5. Original

number 12. Collected 9th February, 1914, by Mr. S. M.

Klages. Presented by the Hon. N. Charles Rothschild.

Compared with O. meridensis, its nearest ally, this rat is

distinguished by its smaller size, less deeply fulvous colour,

smaller skull, more square-edged interorbital region, longer

palatal foramina, and shorter tooth-row.

Melanomys robustulus, sp. n.

A large species, with swollen brain-case and well-developed

supraorbital ledges. Size among the largest of the genus.

Fur close and crisp, of medium length, hairs of back about

8 mm. in length *. General colour dark coppery brown, not

olivaceous, under surface little lighter. Hands, feet, and

tail black.

Skull large, heavily built, with large convex brain-case,

broad interorbital region, aaa short muzzle. Supraorbital

edges developed into well-marked ledges overhanging tle

orbits, very much as in JZ, chrysomelas. Zygomatic "plate

projected anteriorly. Palatal foramina of about the same

length as the upper molar series.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 122 mm. ; tail — (in another specimen 92) ;

hind foot 27 ; ear 16.

Skull: greatest length 31°4; condylo-incisive length 28°6 ;

zygomatic breadth 16° 2; ; nasals 12 ; ; interorbital breadth 6° 8:

breadth of brain-case 14 ; zygomatic plate 3; palatal fora~

mina 5°l ; upper molar series 5.

Hab, Gualaquiza, Oriente of Ecuador. Alt. 2500’.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 14. 4. 25.67. Original

number 321. Collected 11th December, 1913, by Gilbert

Hammond. Presented by Oldfield Thomas. Two specimens.

This Melanomys is distinguishable by its large size, large

convex brain-case, broad interorbital region, and overhanging

supraorbital ledges, in all of which respects it resembles the

distant JZ. chrysomelas of Central America rather than the

nearer forms of the M. caliginosus group.

* Measured, as usual, to the tips of the underfur, not including the

longer piles,

16%

244 On new South-American Rodents.

Oxymycterus platensis, sp. n.

Closely allied to O. rufus, of which I take a specimen

from Goya, Corrientes, as representative. Fur thicker and

woollier, hairs of back about 13-14 mm. in length. Colour

darker atid deeper red than in rufus, distinctly darkened

along‘the crown, nape, and middle line of back by blackish,

thé corresponding area in rufus being greyish ; cheeks, sides,

_“and rump deep ferruginous ; belly dark “ cinnamon-buft”’ ;

chin white; hands and feet mixed brown and whitish,

browner on the metapodials. Tail uniformly dark brown.

Skull, in six adult and old specimens, uniformly shorter

than in rufus, but nearly equalling it in breadth. Tip of

nasals distinctly trumpet-shaped, more so than in rufus.

Brain-case shorter and proportionally broader. Mesopterygoid

fosse broader anteriorly, markedly narrowing behind. Molar

series shorter.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 140 mm.; tail 111; hind foot 28 ;

ear 16°5.

Skull: greatest length 36; condylo-incisive length 33:2 ;

zygomatic breadth 17:2; nasais 13; interorbital breadth 6-2 ;

breadth of brain-case 14°4 ; palatilar length 14°8 ; palatal

foramina 8; upper molar series 5°4.

Hab. Ensenada, La Plata. Sea-level.

Type. Old male. B.M. no. 99. 10. 4. 1. Original

number 165. Collected 24th June, 1896, by Dr. C. Spe-

gazzini. Seven specimens.

This Oxymycterus differs externally by its darker and

richer colour and the distinct blackening along its head,

nape, and fore back from its near ally O. rufus, whose sides

are more buffy and whose head and foreback are more

greyish. ‘he skull is shorter, with more trumpet-shaped

nasals, and the molars are smaller.

The specimens of this animal, in company with those of

Ctenomys talarum, were brought to me in the flesh on the

last day of my stay in La Plata by the well-known botanist

Dr. C. Spegazzini, who had shot them under the Tala trees

on the Rio Santiago, Ensenada.

The type of O. nasutus, Waterh., from Maldonado, on the

opposite side of the La Plata estuary, is so young that its

full size cannot easily be gauged; but examples from Rio

Grande do Sul which I refer to that species are conspicuously

smaller than O. platensis.

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. — 2.45

XXX.—WNotes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.—XII.

By Rowxianp E. Turner, F.Z.8., F.E.S.

On some new Oriental Species.

THE species described in this paper were sent to the British

Museum by the Agricultural College, Coimbatore, 8. India,

by Mr. G. E. Bryant and by Mr. O. 8. Wickwar, of Colombo.

Family Bethylide.

Subfamily Berzyrrmwz, Ashm.

Genus Pristocera, Klug.

Pristocera eironeformis, sp. n.

Q@. Aptera, rufo-ferruginea; abdomine nigro, apice fusco-ferrugineo.

9. Head subrectangular, slightly narrowed posteriorly,

about one-third longer than the greatest breadth, rather

deeply punctured, the punctures more or less confluent longi-

tudinally, clypeus with an elevated median carina, An-

tenn thirteen-jointed, another very small joint apparently

almost concealed in the apex of the scape. Pronotum shining,

very sparsely punctured, much narrower than the head, sub-

rectangular, nearly half as long again as broad, the pleure

finely and sparsely punctured. Median segment a little

longer than the head, torked at the base and narrowed behind

the fork, then gradually broadened to the apex, smooth and

shining, with distinct marginal carine on the sides; the

posterior slope oblique, finely punctured at the base, from

the punctures spring short fulvous hairs. Abdomen smooth

and shining. Legs short, the intermediate tibie strongly

spinose, hind tibize without spines.

Length 7 mm.

Hab. Pattikonda, Kurnool District, 8. India; September.

Calyozina flavipennis, sp. n.

o- Niger; antennarum lamellis 5 apicalibus, tegulis, tibiis anticis

subtus, tarsisque anticis brunneo-testaceis ; alis flavis, venis flavo-

testaceis.

$. Head rather closely but not coarsely punctured, no

longer than broad, strongly rounded at the posterior angles.

Lamellee of the antenne very long, on the middle joints from

three to four times as long as the joint itself. Pronotum

246 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

narrowed anteriorly, rather shorter in the middle than the

breadth on the anterior margin, shallowly punctured, with a

low median longitudinal carina, the punctures a little larger

than those on the head. Mesonotum shallowly and rather

closely punctured, the parapsidal furrows converging towards

the apex, scutellum almost smooth. Median segment a little

broader than long, almost vertically truncate posteriorly, the

face of the truncation smooth, with a low median carina

bordered by a crenulated groove on each side, separated by a

carina from the dorsal surface ; a carinaon the dorsal surface

in the middle from the base to the apex, with two carine on

each side distinctly converging towards the apex, the inter-

mediate spaces finely transversely striated, the lateral margins

also raised and forming marginal caring. Abdomen smooth,

the two basal segments shining; the apical segments very

minutely punctured, with a few black hairs. Radius not

much bent, reaching about halfway from the stigma to the

apex of the wing.

Length 7 mm.

Hab. Mt. Matang, Sarawak, 3000 feet ; December (G. £.

Bryant).

This is near ramicornis, Enderl., but differs in the greater

length of the lamelle of the antenne, in the shape of the

pronotum, the sculpture of the median segment, and in colour.

‘lo this genus belongs Calyoza rufiventris, Kieff., from

Queensland. Whether the antennal distinctions on which

Enderlein relies in founding his genus are sufficient to sepa-

rate 1t trom Calyoza is open to question.

Family Scoliide.

Subfamily Hzrprvz, Turn.

Genus E tis, Fab.

Elis (Mesa) crassepunctata, sp. n.

g. Niger; capite, antennis articulis 2 basalibus, prothorace, tibiis

tarsisque anticis rufo-ferrugineis; abdomine nigro, ceruleo-

iridescenti ; alis dimidio apicali fusco-violaceis.

6. Clypeus with a prominent carina from the base, not

reaching the apex. Front coarsely punctured, rugose, vertex

shining and rather sparsely punctured. Antenne short and

stout, scarcely as long as the thorax and median segment

combined, the prominence above the base of the antennee very

broad and distinetly bilobed. Head slightly narrowed

behind the eyes, much broader than the pronotum, which is

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 247

longer than the mesonotum and has the anterior margin

transverse, with obscure transverse broken strize on the ante-

rior half and rather sparse punctures towards the posterior

margin. Mesonotum, scutellum, and mesopleure very

coarsely punctured-rugose. Median segment very coarsely

reticulate, abruptly truncate posteriorly, with a transverse

marginal carina at the apex of the segment before the trunca-

tion, the surface of the truncation punctured-rugose. Abdo-

men shining, sparsely punctured, the basal segment shorter

than the second, nearly as broad at the base as at the apex,

truncate at the base, with a low transverse carina above the

truncation. Seventh segment not incised at the apex; the

recurved spine of the hypopygium well developed. Second

abscissa of the radius shorter than the third by about one

quarter ; first recurrent nervure received just beyond the

middle of the second cubital cell.

Length 10 mm.

Hab. Coimbatore, 8. India; July.

This is very near 2. dimidiaticornis, Bingh., but differs in

the colour of the head, prothorax, antenna, and anterior

legs. ‘The antennze do not taper towards the apex as much

as in dimidiaticornis and are rather more widely separated at

the base. In dimidiaticornis the second abscissa of the

radius is fully as long as the third, and the second cubital

cell is less strongly produced towards the base on the cubitus.

The very long second abscissa of the radius characteristic of

dimidiaticornis may possibly not be constant, as in the

female £. tricolor, Sm., there is certainly a tendency to

variation in this respect. The present species approaches

E. tricolor, Sm., more nearly in colour than dimidiaticornis.

But I feel some doubts as to the specific difference, and think

it quite possible that this will not prove to be more than a

local form.

Family Psammocharida.

Psammochares atalanta, Sm.

Agenia atalanta, Sm. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc., Zool. ii. p. 94 (1857). ¢.

Pseudagenia atalanta, Kohl, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxiv. p- 42

(1884).

Pompilus cariniscutis, Cam. Journ. Straits Br. Roy. Asiatic Soc. xxxvii,

p. 91 (1902).

Psammochares nudatus, Sm.

Pompilus nudatus, Sm. Cat. Hym. B.M. iii. p. 183 (1855). 9.

Pompilus cassius, Nurse, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. xiv. p. 84

(1902). 9.

Pompilus horatius, Nurse, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. xiy. p. 84

(1902). ¢.

248 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

I think there can be little doubt that these names refer to

one species. Smith’s type was from Trebizond, but there

are specimens in the British Museum from Karachi (£.

Comber), Mt. Abu (Nurse), and also in the present collection

from Coimbatore. The specimen marked cassius, collected

by Nurse and acquired by P. Cameron, is very much smaller

than the usual form, and the striz on the median segment

are less distinct, but the latter character varies considerably

in the larger specimens.

Psammochares detectus, Cam.

Pompilus familiaris,, Sm. Descr. New Sp. Hym. p. 147 (1879, nee

Smith, 1855). Q.

Pompilus detectus, Cam. Mem. Manch. Lit. & Phil. Soc. (4) iv. p. 474

(1891).

Pompilus reflexus, Bingh. Fauna Brit. India, Hym. i. p. 159 (1897, nec

Smith),

Bingham was wrong in his identification of this species,

though it is nearly allied to reflexus, Sm. In detectus the

third cubital is petiolate; in reflevus the third abscissa of the

radius is half as long as the second ; in detectus the posterior

ocelli are quite as far from each other as from the eyes, in

reflecus distinctly nearer together. Bingham’s specimens

from Tenasserim have the third cubital cell pointed on the

radius, not petiolate, and the ocelli as in detectus. Smith’s

type is from Sumatra,

Hab, Palur, 8. India; Barrackpore, Bengal ; Sumatra.

Family Crabronide.

Subfamily PewpyreponrwZ.

Stigmus marginicollis, Cam.

Psen marginicollis, Cam. Entomologist, xli. p. 248 (1908),

Passalecus carinicollis, Cam. MS. ?

This species is undoubtedly a Stigmus. I cannot find that

the name Passalecus carinicollis has been published, but a

specimen bearing that name and marked as the type by

Cameron is in the British Museum, where is also the type of

marginicollis, ‘he species also occurs at Penang. It is

very near S. congruus, Walk., from Ceylon, but the petiole

is rather longer in that speciés.

Spilomena obliterata, sp. n.

9. Nigra; antennis, tegulis pedibusque flavo-testaceis; man-

dibulis flavis, apice nigris ; alis hyalinis, venis pallide testaceis ;

vena transversa cubitali prima obliterata.

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 249

2. Antenne a little shorter than the thorax and median

segment combined, the scape more than half as long as the

flagellum, the first joint of the flagellum longer than the

second. Eyes converging a little towards the vertex, poste-

rior ocelli about twice as far from the eyes as from each

-other. Head and thorax very minutely punctured ; the

head much broader than the thorax ; clypeus with a median

carina, which is continued on the front, almost reaching the

anterior ocellus ; antennee inserted far apart on the sides of

the clypeus ; front concave in the middle, with a smooth

groove on each side of the median carina. Pronotum small

and much lower than the mesonotum, the angles reaching to

the tegulea. Median segment very coarsely reticulate; the

basal area well defined, large, and broadly triangular, with

two short longitudinal caring at the base; the posterior

truncation almost vertical, with a small tooth on each side

near the middle, the surface of the truncation reticulate.

Abdomen subpetiolate, smooth and shining. Stigma twice

as long on the costa as the greatest breadth, only one cubital

cell, the recurrent nervure received at the middle of the

cubital cell ; the transverse cubital nervure received by the

radius distinctly nearer to the stigma than to the apex of the

radial cell.

Length 4 mm.

Hab, Penang ; October (G@. EF. Bryant).

The neuration differs from typical Spilomena in the

absence of the first transverse cubital nervure and in the

more elongate stigma.

Subfamily Ampcvrrerz.

Ampulex bryanti, sp. n.

dg. Niger; prothorace elongato, rufo; alis hyalinis, ante apicem

leviter infumatis.

3. Clypeus strongly convex, with a median carina,

broadly rounded at the apex. Antenne shorter than the

thorax and median segment combined, the second joint of the

flagellum as long as the first and third combined. Front

longitudinally rugulose, a low frontal carina reaching the

anterior ocellus, vertex opaque, almost,smooth. Head much

produced and narrowed behind the eyes, a circular depression

on the vertex close to the posterior margin. Pronotum very

narrow, slightly widened posteriorly, more than twice as long

as the greatest breadth, punctured, with a deep median

sulcus. Mesonotum, scutellum, and mesopleure coarsel

punctured-rugose. Median segment longer than the breadth

250 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

at the base, with the usual carine; the spines near the

apical angles strong and curved, with a distinct incision at

the base, situated a little before the base of the posterior

truncation. Basal joint of the hind tarsus half as long again

as the petiole ; abdomen smooth and shining, the third segment

coarsely longitudinally rugose, the second segment a little

longer than its greatest breadth. Fourth joint of the tarsi

short, not reaching the middle of the apical joint. Two

cubital cells, the second transverse cubital nervure joins the

radius at a distance from the apex of the radial cell equal to

the length of the first transverse cubital nervure.

Length 10 mm.

Hab. Matang, Sarawak; February (G. E. Bryant).

Nearest to ruficornis, Cam,

Ampulex pilosa, Cam.

Ampulex pilosa, Cam. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) v. p. 87 (1901).

Hab. Assam. . Also taken by Mr. Bryant on Mt. Matang

in Sarawak.

This species is very near sybarita, Kohl, from Java, but

differs in the shape of the second dorsal segment, which is

distinctly longer than its median breadth in pilosa. There is

also a slight difference in the sculpture of the pronotum.

Subfamily Spzzcrvz.

Genus CHLORION, Fabr.

Subgenus Harpactopts, Sin.

Chlorion (Harpactopus) subfuscatus, Dahlb.

Hab. 8. Europe; N. Africa; N. China; Coimbatore,

S. India.

Specimens from Coimbatore differ from the typical form in

the deeper longitudinal median and lateral furrows on the

median segment, but are certainly not specifically distinet.

I do not know that this species has been previously recorded

from India. .

Chlorion (Isodontia) chrysorrheus, Kohl.

Sphex apicalis, Sm. Cat. Hym. B.M. iv. p. 253 (1856, nee Harris).

Sphex (Isodontia) chrysorrheus, Kohl, Ann. naturh. Hofmus. Wien, v.

p. 371 (1890).

Sphex (Isodontia) hewitti, Cam. Journ. Straits Br. Roy. Asiat. Soc. xlvi.

p- 119 (1906).

Hab. Sumatra; Borneo.

Ms. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. = 251

Chlorion (Isodontia) maia, Bingh.

Sphex maia, Bingh. Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. viii. p. 879 (1893).

Sphex malayanus, Cam, Journ. Straits Br. Roy. Asiat. Soc, xxxvii.

p. 134 (1902).

The localities in the British Museum collection range from

Borneo to Sikkim,

Subfamily Gorrrryz.

Gorytes cerulescens, sp. 0.

Q. Nigra, ubique dense punctata; segmento mediano striato-

reticulato ; abdomine obscure cerulescenti; alis pallide fusco-

hyalinis.

?. Mandibles broad, tridentate. Clypeus broad, the

apical margin transverse. Second joint of the flagellum

equal in length to the third ; the antennze inserted further

from each other than from the eyes. Head finely and rather

closely punctured, front and clypeus covered with white

pubescence, the inner margins of the eyes parallel. Posterior

ocelli much further from each other tlian from the anterior, a

little further from each other than from the eyes. The an-

tenne are not thickened towards the apex. Pronotum sunk

a little below the level of the mesonotum, almost vertical.

Thorax rugosely punctured, mesopleure longitudinally

striated, not separated by a carina from the mesosternum.

Median segment about as long as the scutellum, the basal

area coarsely longitudinally striated, the dorsal surface outside

the basal area coarsely obliquely striate-reticulate, the seg-

ment rather abruptly truncate posteriorly, the surface of the

truncation slightly concave and irregularly rugose-striate ;

the sides of the segment indistinctly striated. Abdomen

subsessile, the basal segment only two-thirds of the length of

the second, only slightly narrowed to the base, much broader

than long ; the second segment angular at the base beneath,

about twice as broad as long; pygidial area narrowly

triangular, almost smooth, with a median longitudinal carina ;

the whole abdomen closely and finely punctured, with sparse

white pubescence. Second abscissa of the radius a little

longer than the third; both recurrent nervures received by

the second cubital cell, the first at two-fifths from the base,

the second close to the apex. Cubitus of the hind wing

originating far beyond the apex of the anal cell. Hind

tibiz smooth.

Length 12 mm.

Hab. Kandy, Ceylon; November (0. S. Wickwar).

252 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

In many structural points this species is near the mystaceus

group, in the form of the second ventral segment, the neura-

tion of the hind wing, the form of the antenne, the position

ot the ocelli, the parallel eyes, and the coarse sculpture of the

median segment all showing a close approach to that group.

In structural points it is very near homounymus, Schulz

(politus, Bingh., nec Smith), but differs widely in colouring.

Gorytes matangensis, sp. N.

Q. Nigra; pedibus ferrugineis; segmentis dorsalibus 2-4 flavo-

ciliatis ; alis pallide flavo-hyalinis, area radiali late infumata,

venis fuscis, stigmate tegulisque testaceis.

@. Head broad, finely punctured. Inner margins of the

eyes sinuate, not distinctly convergent towards the clypeus.

Thorax finely rugose, the suture between the mesonotum and

scutellum distinctly foveolate; sternum with an indistinet

longitudinal carina; mesopleura longitudinally striated ;

postscutellum and basal area of the median segment coarsely

longitudinally striated, the apical slope of the median seg-

ment coarsely reticulate. Abdomen very minutely punctured

and pubescent, the fulvous-yellow pubescence forming short

cilize at the apex on dorsal segments 2-4. Second ventral

segment distinctly angular at the base; pygidial area small

and very narrow. ‘Tibize without spines, fore tarsi very

feebly ciliate. Second abscissa of the radius as long as the

third, both recurrent nervures received by the second cubital

cell, the first at one-third from the base, the second close to

the apex. Cubitus of the hind wing originating far beyond

the apex of the anal cell. The first transverse cubital

nervure is bent near the base, and sends off a short vein

which is continued as a scar to the base of the stigma.

Length 12 mm.

Hab. Mt. Matang, Sarawak, 1000 feet (G. LE. Bryant) ;

February.

This is very near stenopygus, Handl., but in that species

the suture at the base of the scutellum is not foveolate, and

the clypeus, pronotum, and abdomen are marked with yellow.

Subfamily Nrssowryva, D. T.

Genus Nysson, Latr.

Four species of this genus were included in the collection,

but unfortunately only one is represented in both sexes. I

give a key to the species described here :—

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossortal Hymenoptera, — 2!

dod.

1, Ventral abdominal segments 2-4 with an apical

fringe of long hairs; anal cell of the hind

wing terminating far before the origin of

the cubital Mervare .icc. ce ecieasdsavey 2.

Ventral seyments without an apical fringe ; anal

cell of the hind wing terminating just be-

yond the origin of the cubital nervure .... NW. excavatus, sp. n.

2. Large deep yellow spots on each side occupying

most of the dorsal surface of segments 1-6. 4. decoratus, sp. n.

Small yellowish-white transverse spots at apical

angles of dorsal segments 1-4............ N. basalis, Sm., var.

22.

1, Basal dorsal abdominal segment red, with large

yellow spots at the apical angles ........ N, dubitatus, sp. n.

Basal dorsal segment black, with yellow spots.

2. Yellow spots on dorsal segments 1-5 very large,

only narrowly separated in the middle .... N. decoratus, sp. n.

Yellow spots on dorsal segments 1-4 not very

large, situated at the apical angles........ N. basalis, Sm.

Nysson excavatus, sp. n.

¢. Niger; pronoto linea transversa utrinque, scutello linea trans-

versa basali, segmentisque dorsalibus primo secundoque linea

transversa apicali utrinque flavis.

3d. Clypeus with two feebly developed tubercles in the

middle of the anterior margin, but not produced into teeth.

Tenth joint of the flagellum broader than long, eleventh

about as long as broad, apical joint a little longer than the

eleventh, not perceptibly curved and obliquely truncate at

the apex. A short frontal carina broadened triangularly at

the base of the antennee. yes separated at the base of the

clypeus by a distance equal to nearly twice the length of the

scape. Head and thorax very strongly and closely punc-

tured ; basal area of the median segment much shorter than

the scutellum and distinctly longitudinally striated, the spines

at the apical angles of the segment rather short and blunt.

Abdomen rather closely and not very finely punctured on all

the segments, the seventh dorsal segment very deeply emar-

ginate at the apex. Second vential segment somewhat

angular at the base and deeply separated from the first seg-

ment. Second recurrent nervure received at the base of the

third cubital cell, almost interstitial with the second trans-

verse cubital nervure; anal cell of the hind wing terminating

just beyond the origin of the cubital nervure. Hind tibie

without spines.

Length 6 mm.

Hab, Coimbatore, S. India, 2000 feet ; August 1912.

Described from a single male.

4 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

Nysson decoratus, sp. n.

¢. Niger; crasse punctatus; segmentis dorsalibus 1-5 fascia

latissima utrinque, segmento sexto macula utrinque flavis ; alis

fusco-hyalinis.

@. Mari simillima ; clypeo margine antico distincte bidentato.

6. Clypeus almost transverse on the anterior margin,

without teeth. Tenth joint of the flagellum as long as

broad, eleventh distinctly longer, apical joint about equal to

the penultimate in length and strongly curved at the apex.

The frontal carina is present, but not very strongly developed.

Posterior ocelli further from the eyes than from each other.

Head and thorax coarsely punctured, the thorax more

coarsely than the head, a more finely punctured space on

which is situated a small yellow spot behind each of the

posterior ocelli. Median segment as long as the scutellum,

coarsely longitudinally striated on the basal area, the spines

at the apical angles long and covered with dense white

pubescence. Second ventral segment strongly rounded, not

angular at the base, second to fourth ventral segments with a

fringe of long grey hairs at the apex. Abdomen very closely

and minutely punctured, with sparse larger punctures, the

two apical segments more coarsely punctured ; seventh dorsal

segment broadly rounded at the apex ; the sixth and seventh

with well-marked longitudinal caring at the sides produced

into short spines at the apical angles. Hind tibiz strongly

serrate. Radial cell narrowly rounded at the apex; the

cubitus of the hind wing originates far beyond the apex of

the anal cell.

9. Similar to the male, but the clypeus has two distinct

teeth near the middle of the anterior margin.

Length, ¢ 8mm., 2? 9mm.

Hab. Coimbatore, 8. India ; July and August.

The male is the type.

Nysson basalis, Sm.

Two male specimens in the collection correspond fairly

well to Smith’s description, but in both the wings are clear

hyaline, with a faint fuscous apical margin, and in one

specimen the legs are fusco-ferruginous. The clypeus is

rather feebly bidentate near the middle of the apical margin ;

the frontal carina distinct. The tenth joint of the flagellum

is broader than long, the eleventh longer than broad, the

apical joint rather strongly curved. Second ventral segment

not very strongly rounded, but not angular at the base;

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 255

ventral segments 2-4 with a fringe of long white hairs at the

apex. Hind tibize serrate, but not very strongly so. Radial

cell narrowly rounded at the apex, the cubitus of the hind

Wing originating far beyond the apex of the anal cell. The

two apical dorsal segments are carinated laterally and pro-

duced into acute teeth at the apical angles ; the apical seg-

ment is bluntly produced between the apical teeth, but can

hardly be described as rounded, as in Smith’s description.

Hab, Coimbatore, 8. India; June 1912 (7. B. Fletcher).

Both specimens taken on the same day.

There is a female in the British Museum collection from

Nasik, W. India, in which the wings are fusco-hyaline.

Nysson dubitatus, sp. n.

2. Nigra; antennis subtus fusco-ferrugineis, segmento abdominali

primo pedibusaue ferrugineis ; macula parva utrinque post ocellos,

segmentisque dorsalibus 1-5 macula magna transversa flavis ;

mandibulis basi flavis, apice fusco-ferrugineis ; alis hyalinis apice

leviter infumatis; tegulis testaccis,

?. Clypeus bidentate near the middle of the apical mar-

gin ; second joint of the flagellum no longer than the third ;

the cheeks are not margined. Head rather shallowly punc-

tured, the frontal carina between the base of the antennze

rather indistinct. Thorax coarsely punctured ; the median

segment a little shorter than the scutellum and longitudinally

carinate on the basal area, the carinas about six in number,

the apical angles clothed with whitish pubescence and pro-

duced into acute spines. Abdomen closely punctured, the

basal segment more coarsely than the others; second ventral

segment rounded beneath; pygidial area punctured-rugose.

Hind tibiz serrate, but not strongly. Radial cell narrowly

rounded at the apex; cubitus of hind wing originating far

beyond the apex of the anal cell.

Length 6 mm.

Hab, Coimbatore, S. India; July.

‘This species is distinct from rugosus, Cam., in which the

hind tibize are unarmed, the pygidial area different in sculp-

ture, and the distribution of the yellow markings very

different. It also appears to be quite distinct from erythro-

poda, Cam. I only know Cameron’s two species by the

description, WV. violaceipennis, Cam., is a very distinct

species.

256 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

Subfamily Zarrzmw.z.

Genus PARAPIAGETIA, Kohl.

Parapiagetia wickwari, sp. n.

3. Niger, albo-pilosus ; mandibulis basi, scapo apice, tegulis, tibiis

tarsisque testaceis ; abdomine segmento primo toto, secundoque

lateribus ferrugineis; alis hyalinis, venis nigris, stigmate costaque

testaceis.

6. Clypeus produced into an acute spine in the middle of

the apical margin; mandibles deeply incised on the outer

margin ; third joint of the flagellum longer than the second.

Head and thorax very minutely and closely punctured, more

or less covered with shining white pubescence ; eyes slightly

divergent towards the clypeus; ocelli situated on a rounded

prominence, the posterior pair oval and near together.

Median segment longer than broad, minutely punctured and

rather sparsely clothed with long white pubescence. Abdo-

men petiolate, the first segment about one-third longer than

the second, very narrow at the base, gradually widened to

the apex, where it is about half as wide as the apex of the

second segment; apical segment very narrowly rounded at

the apex. Radial cell narrowly truncate at the apex; the

three abscisse of the radius almost equal in length. Hind

tibize with five short spines on the outer margin.

Length 7 mm,

Hab. Colombo, Ceylon ; March 1909 (O. S. Wickwar).

A femule specimen in the British Museum from Karachi

(HZ. Comber) is probably of the same species. ‘The clypeus

is shallowly emarginate in the middle of the apical margin,

the angles of the emargination produced into short teeth.

The second joint of the flagellum is only very slightly shorter

than the third. The median segment has a few very delicate

and indistinct transverse striz at the base and more distinct

oblique stria on the sides of the segment. ‘The recurrent

nervures are distinctly nearer together on the cubitus, and

the femora are wholly testaceous, not only at the apes as in

the male, ‘The basal joint of the fore tarsus has six spines

on the outer margin, each spine about one-quarter as long as

the joint, and there are two or three spines on the hind tibia

in excess of the number in the male.

The clypeus is quite distinct from P. odontostoma, Kohl.

The genus does not seem to have been previously recorded

from the Indian region. Cameron states that his genus

Odontolarra is near Parapiagetia, but a specimen of O. nigra,

Cam., labelled by him “ type,” is undoubtedly a Lyroda, the

Mr. G. J. Arrow on Lamellicorn Beetles. 257

ocelli being normal. The name Odontolarra must therefore

sink.

Liris ducalis, Sm.

Larrada ducalis, Sm, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc., Zool. iv. p. 84, Suppl.

(1860).

Liris nigripennis, Cam. Mem. Manch. Lit. & Phil. Soe. (4) ii. p. 131

(1889).

These seem to me to be identical. A specimen from

Camerons collection taken at Poona, and marked by him as

the type violacetpennis (probably an error for nigripennis), is

only a male of ducalis.

XXXI.—Some Further Notes on Lamellicorn Beetles of the

Subfamily Dynastine. By GILBert J. ARRow.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

[Plate XIIT.}

M. Semenov (Rev. Russe Ent. xii, 1912, p. 499) has objected

to my treatment of his generic name Crator as a synonym of

Podalgus, Burmeister, on the ground that the first species

attributed to the latter by Burmeister is its proper type, and

that Lacordaire was wrong in restricting it to the second

species. Happily, sucha rule as this has never been accepted,

or many well-established genera would fall. Burmeister

himself began the process of dismembering his composite

genus, but without re-defining it, and Lacordaire, in doing

this, was entitled to take as its type any of the species left in

it by its author, and naturally selected the African one

indicated, although not named, as the type by Burmeister.

By an unfortunate coincidence, my paper upon the Mada-

gascan genus Lonchotus was printed without the knowledge

that Herr Sternberg had, a short time previously, published

descriptions of several species of the genus. Herr H. Prell

has kindly sent me Sternberg’s types for comparison with

mine, and I have found that L. rugosicollis, Sternb., is

L. borealis, Arrow, while L. splendens, Sternb., is the

species I regard as L, lentus, Burm. The name curti-

collis, Sternb., must be dropped, being based upon a deformed

specimen (apparently a female of ZL. lentus), whose thorax

shows exactly the same abnormal condition as the specimen

of Bothynus simplicitarsus, Burm., described as B, monstrosus

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 17

macy vena

258 Mr. G. J. Arrow on Lamellicorn Beetles

by Bates. I have seen similar individuals of various other

species.

The Geotrupes dentatus simultaneously described in 1801

by Fabricius and Weber has since remained unrecognized,

although placed by Burmeister (and by the Munich Catalogue,

in consequence) in the genus Oryctes on account of its com-

parison by Weber to O. nasicornis. If the two original

descriptions are compared with a female specimen of Xylo-

trupes gideon, L., I do not think it will be doubted that that

is the insect referred to.

Oryctes faunus, Billb., although supposed to inhabit

“ Barbary,” is evidently a female Sérategus, probably

S. validus, F. :

In his ‘ Catalogue of the Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Argen-

tina’ (part iv., 1911) Mr. Carlos Bruch has included the

name of Zhronistes rouai, Burm., a very rare and peculiar

insect found in Chili (according to Reiche); but from a

specimen he has kindly sent to me I have been able to

ascertain that the Argentine beetle is not Thronistes, but a

small female Golofa, apparently that of G. cochlearis, Ohaus.

In describing the front tibiz of this species Dr. Ohaus seems

to have reversed the sexes, for a male co-type presented to

the British Museum by Mr. Bruch has only three distinct

teeth.

The name Ceratocrates, introduced by Dr. Ohaus for a

new genus, is preoccupied. I have therefore substituted

Gnathogolofa (nom. nov.).

Palmerstonia minor, Blackb., is the female of Horonotus

optatus, Sharp (Dipelicus). P. bovilli, Blackb., is also a

female of a species related to D. montrouziert, Reiche, and

nasutus, Bates.

Pseudopimelopus lindi, Blackb., appears to me to be

P. nothus, Burm.

Phileurus senegalensis, Cast. (cartosus, Burm.), is a species

of Pseudosyrichthus closely related to P. clathratus, Gerst.

Trionychus strigipennis, Fairm., appears to have been

described from a small specimen of Hovophileurus suleipennis,

Arrow, which specific name is therefore superseded.

Heteronychus nigrifrons, Fairm., is evidently H. arator, F.

Semanopterus dentatus, Blackb,, the type of which is now

in the British Museum, is a species of Hophileurus.

The members of the latter genus, although remarkably

alike in external appearance, are rather numerous. ‘The

examination of the sedeagi of the males reveals a striking

diversity of forms, and renders inevitable the separation of

what, apart from this criterion, I should consider to have at

of the Subfamily Dynastine. 259

most the value of local races. In describing the following

new species I have therefore sketched these organs, which

provide the most essential means for their determination.

The genus has the closest relationship with the South-

African Rhizoplatodes, of which only a single species, Jt.

castaneipennis, Boh., is known. The mentum of that species

has a slightly different shape, the male has a curious pit at

the back of the head which is not found in Hophileurus, and

its pygidium is not bent under the body as in the Oriental

genus,

Eophileurus celebensis, sp.n. (PI. XIII. fig. 1.)

Niger, nitidus, glaber, capite rugoso, prothorace postice cum scu-

tello parce et minute, antice rugose, punctato; eiytris fortiter

sed haud crebre seriato-punctatis, interstitiis haud perspicue

punctulatis, marginibus externis postice levibus, parum punc-

tatis ; pygidio apice levi, medio vix punctato, basi et lateribus

fortiter punctatis ; metasterni medio fere levi, lateribus rugose

punctatis:

¢, fronte breviter cornuto, vertice transverse impresso, impressione

levi; prothoracis margine antico medio minuto tuberculato,

dimidio antico impresso, postice utrinque leviter elevato, dimidio

postico medio longitudinaliter sulcato.

Long. 23 mm.; lat. max. 11:5 mm.

Hab. CELEBES.

There is a single male specimen in the British Museum,

and I have seen two others in M René Oberthiir’s collection.

The species has the closest resemblance to E. planatus,

Wied., but differs in the less close puncturation of the elytra,

their smooth shining outer margins, the absence of minute

punctures in the interstices, and, in the male, by the rugose

head and slight marginal tubercle of the prothorax. The

edeagus of the male, represented in fig. 1, is entirely different

from that of E. planatus, which, as shown by fig. 5, is

asymmetvical,

Eophileurus javanus, sp.n. (PI. XIII. fig. 2.)

Niger, nitidus, glaber, capite rugoso, pronoto antice fortiter et

rugose, postice sat minute, punctato ; scutello fere levi; elytris

striato-punetatis, interstitiis parce minutissime punctulatis,

lateribus postice crebre sat minute punctatis; pygidii medio

fortiter punctato, apice levi, basi et lateribus rugosis ; metasterni

medio minute, lateribus rugose, punctatis :

d, fronte breviter cornuto, vertice transverse impresso, impressione

levi; prothorace antice impresso, margine antico medio minute

tuberculato.

Long. 21-24 mm.; lat. max. 10°5-11 mm,

260 Mr. G. J. Arrow on Lamellicorn Beetles

Tlab. JAVA: Buitenzorg (J. Z. Kannegieter, Feb. 1890),

Sengoro (A. Koller, 1899).

This greatly resembles L. celebensis, with which it agrees

in the rugose head and the slight tubercle at the front margin

of the pronotum. It differs in the more closely punctured

elytra, finely punctured interstices, and closely and roughly

sculptured posterior lateral margins. These two species, as

well as those I have previously described, may be distin-

guished at once by the examination of the sedeagus of the

male. That of #. javanus is shown in fig. 2.

There are two males of Z. javanus in the British Museum,

and several females from Borneo and Singapore probably

belong to the same species, but until the two sexes occur

together this must remain a little uncertain.

Eophileurus quadrigeminatus, sp.n. (Pl. XIII. fig. 3.)

Niger, nitidus, elytris haud grosse sat crebre punctatis, singulo

seriebus punctorum 4 duplicibus lineaque suturali ornato, inter-

vallis sat Jatis, irregulariter punctatis, marginibus posticis sub-

opacis, subtiliter punctatis; pygidio politissimo; metasterno

densissime punctato et rufo-hirto :

3, pronoto medio late excavato, cavitate postice lato, multo post

medium producto, ab hac ad basin profunde sulcato.

Long. 24 mm.; lat. max. 12 mm.

Hab. Tonkin: Chapa, Lao Kay, 3600 feet.

A single male specimen was found by M. R. Vitalis de

Salvaza, and presented by him to the British Museum. It

is exceedingly similar to L. chinensis, Fald., but may be

distinguished by the finer and less uniform puncturation of

the elytra, upon which there are four double rows of punc-

tures, with wide and irregularly punctured intervals. These

are traceable, but much less distinct, in H. planatus, Wied.

from which the new species can be also distinguished by its

very densely punctured and thickly hairy metasternum and

the cavity of the thorax of the male extending considerably

past its middle.

Eophileurus pectoralis, sp.n. (Pl. XIII. fig. 4.)

Niger, nitidus, elytris grosse et confluenter lineato-punctatis, lateri-

bus similiter, haud irregulariter, punctatis, marginibus posticis

solum confuse punctatis; pygidio parce et minute punctato ;

metasterno toto rufo-hirsuto, lateribus densissime rugosis et

vestitis ;

3, pronoti medio late excavato, cavitate fere circulari, multo post

medium producto.

Long. 24 mm.; lat. max. 12 mm,

of the Subfamily Dynastine. 261

Hab. ASSAM: Manipur (W. Doherty).

The unique male type-specimen is closely similar to

EE. chinensis, Fald., but differs in the strong and regularly

serial puncturation of the elytra, which does not change its

character at the lateral margins. The finely and densely

rugose sides of the metasternum and their thick clothing of

red hair are also characteristic of the species. Fig. 4 shows

the eedeagus of this species.

Eophileurus andamanicus, sp.n. (PI. XIII. fig. 6.)

E. planato affinis, sed minor, magis elongatus, elytrorum punctis

majeribus et crebrioribus; metasterno parce punctato, vix

hirsuto :

d, pronoto antice leviter impresso, cavitate usque ad medium haud

producta.

Long. 19-21 mm.; lat. max. 9°5-11 mm.

Hab. ANDAMAN Is. (Capt. Wimberley), Nicopar Is.

(Roepstorf).

The form and sculpture are almost identical with those

of E. planatus, Wiede., but it is a smailer and rather

narrower insect, with less hairy metasternum and slightly

coarser and closer puncturation upon the elytra. Feeble as

are the apparent differences between the two forms thie

adeagus of the male (shown in fig. 6) is strikingly different.

Eophileurus siamensis, sp.n. (PI. XIII. fig. 7.)

Niger, nitidus, sat latus, elytris grosse et crebre punctatis: H. pla-

nato proxime affinis, sed minor, elytrorum punctis majoribus et

crebrioribus, marginibus externis antice magis reflexis; meta-

sterni lateribus parce punctatis, distincte rufo-hirsutis.

Long. 20 mm.; lat. max. 10 mm.

Hab. StAM: Bangkok, Chantabon (S. S. Flower).

E. siamensis has the small size and feebly developed male

characteristics on head and thorax, and also the coarse and

close elytral puncturation, of H. andamanicus, but it is less

elongate and the metasternum is more hairy, in which it

more nearly resembles EZ. planatus. The eedeagus is shown

at fig. 7.

The edeagi of a few other species of Hophileurus, in addi-

tion to the six new forms here described, will be found

represented upon Plate XLII., which, owing toa misadventure,

has had to be deferred to a later part.

262 Mr. G. J. Arrow on Lamellicorn Beetles

Cyphonistes sublevis, sp. n.

Castaneo-rufus, capite marginibusque omnibus anguste infuscatis :

C. vallato similis, sed clypeo paulo breviori, canthis antice acutis,

elytris sublevibus, punctis paucis et subtilibus, pygidio basi

flavo-hirto.

Long. 24-27 mm.; lat. max, 14-15°5 mm.

Hab. Brit. E. ArrtcA: Nandi Plateau, 5700-6200 feet

(S. A. Neave, June 1911).

Amongst the exceedingly similar species of this very

difficult genus C. sub/evis is nearest to C. arrow?, Prell, but

it is broader and more lightly punctured, the anteocular lobes

are more sharply pointed in front, and the pygidium is

fringed with tawny hair at the base, from the angles to near

the middle. The paramera of the edeagus of the male are

barbed near the middle of the outer edge, but quite destitute

of the spiny processes from the inner edge found in the

allied species, The last ventral segment of the female has a

double emargination, as in C. vallatus and arrowi, but the

median tongue, instead of being slender and sharp as in

those species, is short and very blunt.

Professor Kolbe has assigned [Heteronychus latiusculus,

Fairm., to his genus Heteroligus, but the description mentions

various features inconsistent with that view. ‘The immargi-

nate pronotum and thickened outer edges of the elytra suggest

a female of Cyphonistes or allied genus.

IDIOSCHEMA, gen. nov.

Corpus elongatum, depressum. Caput parvum, late triangulatum,

utrinque ante oculos extus productum, acutum, clypei apice

recurvo, acuto, fronte tuberculis duobus parvis transversim

positis, sat remotis, instructa. Prothorax antice minute tuber-

culatus, Antenne minute, stipitis atque clave articulis brevis-

simis. Mandibule late detectw, concave, margine externo

integro, rotundato. Pedes validi, tarsis omnibus brevibus

unguibusque minutis. Tibia antica crassa, fortiter sed obtuse

tridentata, dente supero remoto, post medium posito. Tibie

quatuor posteriores extus fortiter spinose, postice extremitate

sat late, recte truncate, culcaribus validis, latis, longiori apice

flexo. Propygidium medio late sat regulariter transversim

striolatum.

¢d. Tarsus anticus contractus, articulo ultimo globoso, ungue

majori lato, valde inflexo, minori fere obsoleto. Propygidium

medio late sat regulariter transversim striolatum. Pygidium

jortiter recurvatum,

ee Se

of the Subfamily Dynastine. 263

Idioschema karruensis, sp. n.

Obscure rufa, supra nitida, subtus sat dense fulvo-villosa, capite

grosse rugoso; pronoto fortiter punctato, lateraliter paulo den-

sius, marginibus fortiter arcuatis, antice approximatis, angulis

anticis acutis, posticis rotundatis; scutello paulo punctato;

elytris grosse ocellato-punctatis, linea suturali fortiter impressa

lineisque punctorum 4 discoidalibus; pygidio minute coriaceo

et setoso, apice grossius rugoso, nitido.

Long. 16 mm. ; lat. max. 8 mm,

Hab. Care Cotony: Karroo (Oct. 1913).

A single male specimen was found at Mortimer by

Mr. W. R. White-Cooper.

This interesting insect is nearly allied to the genus Pycno-

schema, but differs in many rather important features. The

clypeus is triangular, and not produced into a narrow rostrum

as in Pycnoschema, and the horn of the male is absent and

replaced only by two slight tubercles. The form of the front

tibia is also quite different. The antennz are very short and

the club not elongate in the male. The mandibles have the

rounded outer edge of those of Pyenoschema, and there is the

same angular process in front of the eye. ‘The outer claw of

the front foot is reduced (no doubt in the male alone) to a

minute vestige. The propygidium is furnished with mode-

rately fine and close stridulatory ridges.

Aphonoproctus vagabundus, sp. n.

Niger, parum nitidus, breviter ovalis, convexus, corpore subtus haud

dense rufo-hirsuto; capite punctato-rugoso, anticeangustato, trun-

cato, fronte bituberculata, tuberculis vix connexis; pronoto ubique

crebre et fortiter punctato, linea angusta levi mediana, lateribus

regulariter arcuatis, angulis posticis obsoletis ; scutello lato, punc-

tato; elytris fortiter punctatis, singulo linea suturali incisa

punctorumque seriebus quatuor geminatis predito; pygidio

subtiliter rugoso; tibiis anticis acute 4-dentatis :

¢, tuberculis frontalibus longioribus, pygidii apice incurvo.

Long. 18°5-21°5 mm.; lat. max. 10°5-12°5 mm.

Hab. UGANDA: Msozi, 4300 feet (Col. Delmé Radcliffe),

Entebbe (C. C. Gowdey). Nyasauanp: Mlanje (8. A..

Neave).

According to the description of the typical species, A. pen-

todontinus, Kolbe, this is a larger insect, more coarsely punc-

tured and less shining. The tubercles upon the head are not

united by a carina and tliere are none behind the front margin

of the pronotum, although traces of these appear in two

264 Mr. G. J. Arrow on Lamellicorn Beetles

specimens in our collection which do not differ in other

respects.

Five species of Dynastinze from Woodlark Island were

described by Montrouzier under the name of Scarabeus (Ann.

Soc. Agric. Lyon, (2) vii. 1855, p. 20), and four of them

were omitted from Gemminger and Harold’s Catalogue, no

doubt owing to the compiler’s inability to locate them. Two

of them (S. woodlarkianus and excavatus) seem to me to

belong to my genus Papuana, and the first I believe to be

the insect I called Papuana semistriata. Herr Prell is

probably correct in regarding P. levipennis, Arrow, as a

variety of the same species.

Of the other species of Montrouzier, Scarabeus macleayt

is undoubtedly Xylotrupes gideon, L., S. triangularis is a

Dipelicus, and 8S. dubius is doubtful. The description

suggests a female 7richogomphus (although said to be taken

from a male), but the four-toothed front tibie, coupled with

the size, agree with no known genus except Oryetes.

Herr Prell has treated as a subspecies of Papuana lans-

berget, Schauf., an insect from Java which seems to me to be

a perfectly distinct species. Examples of both forms from

the same sources (Fruhstorfer’s captures) as those before Prell

are in the British Museum. The Javan P. badia, in addition

to its different colour, is smaller and much less elongate than

P. lansberge?, the pygidium is less closely punctured, and, in

the male, the slight depression at the front of the pronotum

is limited behind by a definite ridge of which there is no

trace in the other species.

These two forms with simplified armature are the only

known Malayan species, all the others inhabiting islands

iarther to the east. The following is another new species

fron New Guinea :—

Papuana angusta, sp. n.

Nigra, nitida, elongata, supra levissima, parum convexa, clypei

Jateribus fere rectis, convergentibus, apice profunde emarginato,

utrinque acute dentato; pronoto cum scutello lzvissimo, illius

lateribus regulariter arcuatis, anguste marginatis, angulis anticis

acutis, posticis rotundatis, elytris punctato-suleatis, punctis

ocellatis, apicibus irregulariter haud fortiter punctatis; pygidio

dense subtiliter punctato, medio et apice levigato ; tibiis anticis

tridentatis, dente supero sat remoto: ;

d, capite breviter cornuto, cornu postice planato, apice minute

of the Subfamily Dyuastine. 265

bituberculato ; pronoto antice utrinque paulo excavato et supra

processu horizontali brevi, antice truncato, munito:

9 , capite bituberculato, prouoto antice transverse carinato.

Long. 22°5-28 mm.; lat. max. 11°5-14 mm,

Hab. Dutcu New Guinea: Utakwa R. (4. F. R. Wol-

laston) ; Mt. Goliath (2000-7000 feet—A. S. Meek).

Like P. trinodosa and uninodis, Prell, this is a narrow-

bodied species, but it is considerably larger than either and

quite different in its armature. The head is very smooth

and the clypeus sharply bidentate in front, but the teeth do

not diverge, the sides of the clypeus are almost straight and

uniformly convergent, and its front margin strongly excised.

Upon the clypeal suture, which is strongly bent forwards,

the female bears two sharp conical tubercles placed close

together, and the male a short horn, broad at the base, flat-

tened or slightly excavated behind and slightly bifid at the

end. ‘The pronotum, like the head, is almost impunctate, its

sides are strongly rounded and finely margined, the front

angles acutely produced, and the hind angles rounded off.

In the male there is a horizontal process anteriorly, truncated

in front, nearly vertical in the middle, and not reaching

beyond the front margin. Just within the latter there is a

slight rugose excavation on each side.

In the female the thoracic process is represented by a

transverse Carina a little behind the front margin, the inter-

vening space being finely punctured. The scutellum is

smooth and the elytra are broadly sulcate, with ocellated

punctures in the sulci. The latter do not reach the end of

the elytra, the posterior outer margins of which are finely

punctured. The pygidium is finely and densely punctured

except at the middle and apex. The front tibia bear three

strong teeth, the uppermost one rather remote from the other

two, which are close together.

ONYCHIONYX, gen. nov.

Corpus elongatum, parallelum, nudum, pedibus absque spinis, sed

tibiis omnibus extus dentibus tribus fortibus calcaribusque

validis, acutis, armatis, tibiarum anticarum dentibus obliquis

collocatis, tarsis moniliformibus, articulis basalibus haud spinosis,

unguibus valde curvatis, haud divergentibus, onychio longo,

curvato, haud setoso. Clypeus transversus, margine antico medio

bidentato, tuberculisque duobus in carina trontali. Mentum

convexum, antice angustatum, truncatum, palpis crassis. Maxilig

acute 6-dentate, dentibus 3 inferis connatis. Mandibule intus

et extus dense setose, apice subito intus inquinato. Prosternum

antice et postice productum,

od et 2 vix dissimiles,

266 Mr. G. J. Arrow on Lamellicorn Beetles

Onychionyx opacipennis, sp. n.

Piceus, subcylindricus, nitidus, elytris opacis, humeris exceptis ;

clypeo sat crebre punctato, fronte minus crebre ; pronoto convexo,

minute et parce ineequaliter punctato, lateribus paulo fortius,

angulis obtusis, lateribus medio paulo contractis ; scutello elytris-

que irregulariter annulato-punctatis; pygidio nitido, modice

crebre punctato :

3, pygidio subtus reflexo.

Long. 29-33 mm. ; lat. max. 15-17 mm.

Hab. DutcH New GuINgEA: Mt. Goliath, 5000-7000 feet

(A. S. Meek).

This is another of the curiously isolated but yet inter-

related forms of Dynastine which characterize the Papuan

Region, and of whose probably peculiar habits we as yet

know nothing. It is remarkable in the absence of hair, and

especially of the bristly hairs upon the legs which form a

rather constant feature of the subfamily. The two sexes are

almost identical, there are no elevations or depressions upon

the head or thorax, and the front feet are neither elongated

nor thickened in the male. The front tibia bears three sharp

external teeth placed close together, and each of the four

posterior tibiz also bears three sharp spines externally, the

last at the extremity. The tarsi are simple and similar on all

the legs, and neither spinose nor bristly, and the claws are

strongly curved and not at all divergent, so that the two tips

are close together. The onychium is strongly developed,

not setose at the end, and has a corresponding curvature to

that of the claws, so that the extremities of all three are

almost in contact, an arrangement which I have seen in no

other beetle.

It is more nearly related to Hatamus than to any other

known genus, but differs greatly in its massive build, the

absence of hair from the legs and lower surface, the abnormal

claw-structure, the form of the tibize and tarsi, the similarity

of the sexes, and other important points.

The Australian Dynastine are very imperfectly known at

present. Many species described by Boisduval, Guérin,

Macleay and others, are still unrecognizable, and Blackburn

has tiusted to very speculative determinations of them in

describing the numerous species for which he is responsible,

and of which some are based upon female specimens or males

of poor development. ‘The fixation of many of the earlier-

described forms is likely to remain long a matter of uncer-

tainty, but, Blackburn’s types having now become part of

of the Subfamily Dynastine. 267

the British Museum Collection, I am able to give here a few

notes upon the correct nomenclature of the species.

Blackburn himself called attention (Trans. Roy. Soc. 8.

Austr, xix. 1895, p. 41) to the great variability of the species

of the genus Semanopterus ; but he proceeded to describe a

consideiable number of new forms from minute differences,

as though the range of variation had been exceptionally

small, After a very careful comparison of his types in con-

junction with all other available specimens, and in particular

a study of the genitalia of the males, I have been driven to

the conclusion that the genus consists of only a few species

of great variability. The excision of the hind angles of the

prothorax, upon which Blackburn relied for the primary

subdivision of the genus, is found in every degree of develop-

ment; the puncturation, the sculpture and pubescence of the

pygidium, and even the shape of the prosternal process, are

highly inconstant. I have already expressed my opinion

that the three names bestowed by Hope (adelaide, sub-

equalis, and depressus) refer all to one species. ‘Io this

species depressiusculus, Macl., and meridianus, Blackb., also

apply, and it should be called S. subcostatus, Cast. Sema-

nopterus leai, Blackb., and S. tricostatus, Blackb., are two

species appaiently confined to West Australia; while all tlie

other names introduced by Blackburn (except dentatus, which

Ihave already referred to Hophileurus) belong, in my opinion,

to a single variable insect, which ranges right across the

continent from Perth to N. Queensland. It was first

described by Macleay as S. conveaiusculus. ‘The only other

known species is 8. solidus, Burm.

The species of Dasygnathus have also been tabulated by

Blackburn by the use of characters which seem to me to have

little or no importance. An accidental separation of the

elytra in some specimens apparently misled him into de-

scribing these as dilated behind the middle. Thus, he has

admitted that this and the shape of the horn of the male are

all he could find to distinguish D. trituberculatus and recti-

cornis. With regard to the first point, the only difference

perceptible to me between the type-specimens is that in

J). trituberculatus the elytra are slightly parted, while, as to

the second, variation in the most variable of all features

must be assumed to be merely individual until it is proved

common to a group. In my opinion, D. trituberculatus,

recticornis, and major are indistinguishable. Blackburn has

overlooked the fact that the median thoracic tubercle men-

tioned by him as the chief differential character of the first

is similarly present in the other two. It is also found in the

268 Mr. G. J. Arrow on Lamellicorn Beetles

form with anterior lateral tubercles called mastersi by

Macleay, which may be an extreme development of the same

species.

The three following species, like D. tnermis, Blackb., are

hornless in the male, It is probable that there are many

related forms, which, if known, have been supposed to be

females only.

Dasygnathus globosus, sp. n.

Castaneus, capite prothoraceque obscurioribus, breviter ovatus,

convexus, capite parvo, pronoto nitido, parcissime minute punc-

tato, ad latera anguste ruguloso, his omnino rotundatis, angulis-

posticis fere obsoletis ; elytris irregulariter seriato-punctatis :

¢, capite ubique grosse punctato, clypeo brevi, reflexo, antice

recte truncato, lateribus rectis, multo convergentibus, postice

angulatim carinato et ad angulum minute sed acute tuberculato ;

prothoracis antice medio breviter impresso, basi haud marginato ;

pygidio convexo, omnino crebre ruguloso,

Long. 25 mm.; lat. max. 15 mm.

Hab. QUEENSLAND: Moreton Bay.

This has a short rounded shape, quite different from that

of ail the other species, and in the great reduction of the

external male characters is comparable only with D. énermis,

Blackb. From that it differs entirely, not only by its

globose form, but in the shape of the head, of which the

clypeus is very short and the front angles very obtuse, but

not at all rounded. The marginal line at the front of the

pronotum is not angulated in the middle.

In a second specimen (from Andrew Murray’s collection,

but without precise locality), which I believe to be the

female of D). globosus, the head is larger, the clypeus almost

semicircular and without carina or elevation of any kind,

the pronotum has an almost continuous posterior marginal

stria, but no anterior depression, and the pygidium is rather

flat, shining, and very thinly punctured.

Dasygnathus impotens, sp.n. (Pl. XIII. fig. 11.)

Castaneus, capite pronotoque fere nigris; nitidus, convexus, elon-

gatus, postice ampliatus ; capite rugose punctato, clypeo mediocri,

lateribus convergentibus, margine antico reflexo, leviter arcuato ;

pronoto parcissime minute punctato, ad latera anguste ruguloso,

his fortiter arcuatis, angulis anticis acutis, posticis obtusissimis,

basi trisinuato, immarginato; elytris dorso fortiter sulcatis, sulcis

vage punctatis, spatio sublaterali ineequaliter punctato; pygidio

parce punctulato, angulis anticis rugulosis, basi parce fulvo-

hirsuto;

of the Subfamily Dynastine. 269

¢d, capite haud carinato, fronte tuberculo minuto retrorsum in-

clinato medio instructo; pronoto antice leviter transyersim im-

presso, linea submarginali, medio vix angulata, inciso.

Long. 19 mm. ; lat. max. 10°56 mm.

Hab. N. AvustRavia: Carpentaria.

A male specimen in the Museum was obtained by the late

Alexander Fry.

The species resembles D. tnermis, Blackb., but is smaller ;

the clypeus is rounded in front, and has a minute backward-

pointing tubercle, but no carina ; the incised line behind the

front margin of the pronotum has no diverticulum in the

middle, and the base is not margined. The maxille are

armed only with minute and feeble tubercles instead of the

strong teeth found in the typical species of the genus.

Dasygnathus hospes, sp.n. (Plate XIII. fig. 12.)

Castaneus, nitidus, subtus fulvo-hirsutus; modice elongatus, con-

vexus, elytris subglobosis, post medium ampliatis ; capite trans-

versim rugoso, clypeo mediocri, antice reflexo, leviter arcuato;

pronoto parce sat minute punctato, ad latera anguste ruguloso,

his fortiter arcuatis, angulis anticis sat acutis, posticis fere

obsoletis, basi immarginato ; elytris fortiter sulcatis, sulcis vage

punctatis, spatio sublaterali irregulariter punctato; pygidio

crebre punctato :

dg, capite vix carinato, fronte tuberculo minuto reclinato medio

instructa ; pronoto antice vix impresso, linea submarginali, medio

breviter acute angulata, inciso.

Long. 17 mm.; lat. max. 10 mm.

Hab. QUEENSLAND.

A single male was taken during the ‘Challenger’ Ex-

pedition.

It is like D. impotens, but less elongate, more convex,

with the elytra shorter, narrowed at the shoulders, and

broader and more rounded behind. The clypeus is a little

wider, the pronotum more convex, less produced in front,

and the front marginal stria is sharply angulated in the

middle.

Blackburn, in reviewing the species of Jsodon, admitted

himself unable to identify LZ. (‘* Heteronychus”’) lucidus and

I. picipennis, of Macleay, but the latter’s descriptions exactly

fit the female and male respectively of J. pecuarius, Reiche,

the most widespread member of the genus. The head and

pronotum are not uncommonly almost black in the male of

that species, and in the female a minute tubercle may or may

not be visible upon the pronotum. Mistaking the real sexual

differences for generic, Macleay looked for both sexes amongst

270 Mr. G. J. Arrow on Lamellicorn Beetles

his females, and not unnaturally supposed the presence or

absence of this tubercle to denote the male and female of his

“ Heteronychus lucidus.”

The two following West Australian species are quite dis-

tinct from any hitherto described :—

Isodon glaber, sp. n.

Piceus, capite et elytris, vel superficie dorsali tota, sepe nigris,

pectore et pedibus longe fulvo-pilosis; brevis et latus, parum

convexus, glaber, vix punctatus ; capite attenuato, apice anguste

truncato, fortiter reflexo, carina suturali fere recta; pronoto

fere duplo latiori quam longiori, lateribus fortiter arcuatis,

angulis anticis fere rectis, posticis tote obsoletis, antice medio

breviter impresso et tuberculato, basi utrinque impresso; scu-

tello lato, obtuse angulato; elytris stria suturali profunda

aliisque indistinetis, punctis nonnullis subapicalibus; pygidii

medio nitido, lateribus dense punctulatis; utriusque sexus

pedibus simplicibus :

¢ , tarsis et unguibus simplicibus, pronoto medio fortius impresso ;

pygidio valde convexo:

2, corpore minus parallelo, pronoto antice angustato; pygidio

parum convexo.

Long. 9°5-12 mm.; lat. max. 5-5-7 mm.

Hab. W. AuvstTRALIA: Perth, Cannington, Cottesloe

Beach.

Specimens in the British Museum were taken long ago by

Duboulay, and it has more recently been found by Mr. G. E.

Bryant.

It is a small insect closely resembling J. levigatus, Burm.,

but rather smaller and still smoother above. The head is

almost or wholly smooth, the clypeus is strongly produced in

front, with concave sides, the clypeal carina is straight and

sharply elevated, and the elytral strize have almost entirely

disappeared, except the deeply impressed one on each side of

the suture.

Isodon subopacus, sp. n.

Supra toto niger, parum nitidus, subtus piceus, pectore et pedibus

dense fulvo-pilosis; brevis, latus, sat convexus; clypeo fere im-

punctato, attenuato, antice anguste truncato, reflexo, carina

suturali recta, valde elevata, fronte leviter punctato; pronoto

impunctato, antice medio minute tuberculato, longitudinaliter

impresso, lateribus fortiter arcuatis, antice approximatis, angulis

anticis acutis, posticis obsoletis, basi utrinque fortiter impresso,

scutello levi; elytris fortiter seriato-punctatis, stria suturali

profunde incisa; pygidio nitido, basi crebre minute punctato;

utriusque sexus pedibus simplicibus ;

d , pronoti suleo antice paulo dilatato, pygidio convexo,

Long. 11-13°5 mm, ; lat. max, 6-5-7-5 mm.

of the Subfamily Dynastinee. 271

Hab. W. Austratia: Perth, Israel Bay.

Specimens have existed in the British Museum for over

seventy years, and others have recently been taken at Perth

by Mr. G. E. Bryant. he peculiar lustreless upper surface,

of the pronotum especially, distinguishes the species from all

others known to me. It is of an intense coal-black colour,

with a broad pronotum entirely devoid of punctures, and the

elytra are rather evenly and uniformly punctured in rows.

The shape of the thoracic cavity is also peculiar, being longi-

tudinal, with an anterior dilatation in the male which gives

it a triangular outline.

Novapus rugicauda, sp. n.

Rufo-piceus, pectore dense rufo-hirsuto ; scutello punctato elytrisque

fortiter punctato-lineatis, punctis annulatis, stria crenata sutu-

rali integra, striis discoidalibus postice abbreviatis, intervallo

subsuturali lateribusque fortiter haud crebre irregulariter punc-

tatis, interstitiis minute punctulatis ; pygidio crebre rugoso, haud

ciliato :

¢d, capite rugoso, clypeo angustato, recuryato, vertice cornuto,

cornu sat gracili, apice minute bicuspidato; pronoto quam elytra

vix latiori, late et profunde excavato, lateribus subtiliter punc-

tatis, fossa transverse haud crasse rugosa.

Long. 20 mm.; lat. max. 11 mm,

Hab. S.W. AusTRALIA: King George’s Sound (J. A.

Brewer).

A single male specimen has been in the British Museum

since 1870.

The species of Novapus are remarkably alike in general

appearance, especially the males, but the examination of the

pygidium shows differences of sculpture and clothing, which

seem to be sufficient for the separation of most of them.

The present species is the only one known in which that part

of the body is closely rugose, the others having it punctured

or smooth, often with a close fringe of hair at the base.

Although Blackburn has not mentioned the pygidium of

NV. striatopunctulatus, which appears to resemble the new

species, his type is a much larger insect, and, as its pro-

thorax is less excavated, the difference of size is evidently

not due merely to variation.

Pseudoryctes sulcatus, sp. n.

Ferrugineo-rufus, latus, nitidus, subtus fulvo-hirsutus, elytris

fortiter punctato-suleatis, punctis grossis et confluentibus;

pygidii cireumferentia longissime ciliata, medio levi; pedibus

anticis sat gracilibus, tibiis longissime tridentatis, posterioribus

quatuor crassis, tibiis brevibus, postice latis :

¢d, clypeo sublvi, fere verticali, margine toto elevato, antice

272 Mr. G. J. Arrow on Lamellicorn Beetles

medio minute exciso, antennarum flabello quam stipite multo

longiori; prothorace quam elytris multo laciori, tricornuto,

supra toto excavato, fossa rugosa, haud pilosa, medio longitudi-

naliter divisa, cornu antico antrorsum producto, apice dilatato,

bifido, lateralibus verticalibus, acuminatis, singulo dente obtuso

antico minuto; scutello rugoso; elytris ad medium fere paral-

lelis, deinde angustatis ; pygidio subtus inflexo:

2, clypeo obliquo, parabolico, fortiter punctato, prothorace quam

elytris angustiori, medio cum scutello haud fortiter punctato,

elytris ab humeris ad post medium dilatatis; pygidio magno,

porrecto.

3. Long. 18 mm.; lat. 95 mm. 9. Long. 16 mm.; lat. 10 mm.

Hab. S. AustRaALiaA: Hermansburg (near Lake Eyre).

Three males and a female of this striking species have

been collected and presented to the British Museum by

Mr. H. J. Hillier. It differs from all other known species

by the deep coarsely-punctured grooves of the elytra. In

its armature it seems to agree with P. tectus, Blackb.,

the very incomplete description of which omits all reference

to the elytra, which must therefore be supposed to be like

those of the species previously described. | Blackburn’s

insect is also considerably larger and has the thoracic cavity

filled with hair, which is quite absent in P. sulcatus. The

mentum, the form of which is the only real distinguishing

feature between Pseudoryctes and Cavonus, is swollen in

two of the specimens of P. sulcatus in the manner character-

istic of Pseudoryctes, and in the other two is collapsed and

nearly flat. The former condition must, of course, be regarded

as the normal one, but it 1s evident that this character is of

less importance than has been supposed.

Aneurystypus levis, sp. n.

Rufo-ferrugineus, parvus, corpore subtus longe et dense flayo-

piloso; supra nitidus, sat latus, clypeo postice carina recta

delimitato, fortiter punctato, illius longitudine fere ad latitu-

dinem quali, margine antico valde arcuato et retlexo, fronte

rugose punctata, vertice utrinque levigato; pronoto parum con-

vexo, haud excavato aut tuberculato, subtiliter punctato, lateribus

leviter arcuatis, angulis anticis haud acutis, posticis valde ob-

tusis; scutello fere levi; elytris obsolete seriatim punctatis ;

pygidio nitido, parce minute punctato; pedibus gracilibus, tarsis

parum longis.

Long. 11-12°5 mm.; lat. max. 7-7°5 mm.

Flab. QUEENSLAND.

As is usually the case in this group only the male is known.

of the Subfamily Dynastine. 273

It is similar in size and colour to A. pauzillus, Blackb., as

well as in its general appearance, but there is no trace of

thoracic depression or tubercle, while the very feeble

puncturation of the pronotum, elytra, and pygidium also

distinguish it immediately. ‘The clypeus, on the other hand,

is more strongly punctured and of different shape, being

rather long, narrow, and strongly rounded in front. The

pronotum is less convex, less deeply sinuated at the base,

with the front angles less sharp and the hind angles dis-

tinetly indicated.

I have received specimens from Messrs. Staudinger and

Bang-Haas.

Ligyrus amazonicus, sp. n.

Nigro-piceus, vel supra toto niger, nitidus, elongato-ovalis, capite

transverse rugoso, clypeo antice acutissime bidentato, postice

bituberculato; pronoto fortiter sat crebre punctato, antice ad

marginem minute tuberculato et impresso; scutello subtiliter

punctulato ; elytris undique fortiter et crebre punctatis, punc-

torum lineis nonnullis geminatis ; pygidio haud fortiter punctato,

angulis anticis rugulosis; utriusque sexus pedibus omnibus

simplicibus.

Long. 23-26 mm.; lat. max. 12°5-14 mm.

Hab. AMAZONS: Manaos, Obydos (EZ. H. Austen), Ega

(H. W. Bates), Serpa, Teffe.

Ligyrus ebenus, maximus, and amazonicus have been found

all together in various localities in the Amazons region.

They are closely related and exceedingly similar in shape

and sculpture. In the last two the front tarsus of the male

is not thickened, the clypeus is much more sharply bidentate

and the pronotum more strongly punctured than in ZL. ebenus,

Deg. From ZL. maximus, Arrow, the new species is easily

distinguished by its smaller size and the very feeble de-

pression at the front edge of the pronotum.

Lngyrus latus, sp. n.

Nigro-piceus, vel supra toto niger, nitidus, robustus, late ovalis,

capite transverse rugoso, clypeo antice acute bidentato, postice

bitubereculato; pronoto fortiter sat crebre punctato, margine

antico medio minute tuberculato et longitudinaliter impresso,

lateribus regulariter arcnatis, angulis posticis toto obsoletis, basi

medio fere exciso ; scutello perpaulo punctulato; elytris undique

fortiter et crebre punctatis, punctorum lineis nonnullis geminatis ;

pygidii basi subtiliter rugoso, apice parce punctulato ; utriusque

sexus pedibus omnibus simplicibus,

Long. 27-31 mm.; lat. max. 15-17 mm.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 18

274 Mr. G. J. Arrow on Lamellicorn Beetles

lab. VENEZUELA ; Caraccas. COLOMBIA.

This species has a very close resemblance to the last, but

is relatively broader than that or any other of the species

nearly related to it. It is larger than Z. amazonicus, and

differs from it also in the complete obliteration of the bind

angles of the prothorax, the curve of the lateral margin

being uniformly continued. The sculpture of the pygidium

is also different, about a third of its length from the base

being finely rugose. These two species differ from LZ. maimon,

Er., in their more punctured elytra, and from L. ebenus, Deg.,

and gyas, Er., in having the pronotum much more closely

punctured.

Cyclocephala longiceps, Kirsch, seems to me to be Anco-

gnatha humeralis, Burm., Kirsch having possibly mistaken

for the latter the species I have named A. vulgaris.

Kirsch’s description of Cyclocephala atacazo suggests a

species of Ancognatha or Barotheus.

Cyclocephala pugnax, sp. n.

Nigro-fusca, elytris fulvis, sutura signaturisque duabus valde

angulatis nigris ; elongato-ovalis, nitida, clypeo antice arcuato;

pronoto cum scutello minute punctato; elytris fortiter punctatis,

punctorum seriebus duplicibus tribus discoidalibus :

3 , clypeo paulo producto, subtiliter punctato; pedibus anticis crassis,

tibiis acute tridentatis, tarsis brevissimis, articulo ultimo magno,

intus late lobato, articulo penultimo etiam lobato et longe ciliato ;

pygidio opaco, minute ruguloso:

2, clypeo semicirculari, sat grosse rugoso; pedibus simplicibus,

tibiis anticis haud acute tridentatis, posticis brevibus, elytrorum

marginibus externis postice angulatis et incrassatis; pygidio

nitido, grosse punctato.

Long. 16-18 mm.; lat. max. 8°5-9°5 mm.

Hab. GUIANA; Braziu: Para, Eega, Teffe.

It is a dark-coloured species, of which the elytra only are

pale, with dark markings, which are sometimes reduced to a

sutural line and a few dark marks at the shoulders, but may

spread into two transverse zigzags, which occasionally

unite. A feature which I have seen in no other species is

found in the peculiar modification of the front tarsus of the

male. The three terminal joints are dilated and finely

striated on their inner face, the penultimate one has a fringe

of six or seven very strong bristles at its outer edge, and the

last joint has a broad lateral process curving backwards to

meet the tips of these bristles, the whole forming a rather

elaborate grasping apparatus. The inner claw is very large,

of the Subfamily Dynastine. 275

strongly bent, and minutely toothed near the middle of its

outer edge.

Cyclocephala flavipennis, sp. n.

Lete rufa, elytris flavis, vertice nigro; levis, nitida, elongato-

ovalis, capite parvo, clypeo sat longo, antice arcuato, subtiliter

rugoso, fronte leviter punctato; prothorace cum scutello minute

et parcissime punctato; elytris leviter punctatis, lineis nonnullis

geminatis indistinctis :

¢, pedis antici ungue interno magno, valde flexo, basi lobato;

pygidio convexo, nitido, vix punctato; mandibulis extus angu-

latis:

2, elytrorum margine externo post medium perspicue angulato ;

pygidio parum convexo, minute et parce punctato.

Long. 16-18 mm.; lat max. 9-10 mm.

Hab. Ecuapor: Balzapamba (2. Haensch).

This has a very close resemblance to C. gravis, Bates,

C. atricapilla, Mann., and other species identical in shape

and colouring, but the clypeus is longer, narrower, and

gently rounded in front, instead of being emarginate, the

pygidium is smoother, and the elytra of the female have a

marked angulation behind the middle of the outer margin.

Cyclocephala erotylina, sp. n.

Rufo-testacea, elytris lete flavis, sutura, linea submarginali,

maculisque guatuor nigris, duabus pone basin elongatis, una

mediana magna lineolaque parva subapicali; corpus elongato-

ovatum, nitidum, clypeo attenuato, dense punctato, apice

suayiter recuryo, fronte, pronoto scutelloque subtiliter punctatis,

pronoto antice angustato, angulis anticis acutis, posticis obsoletis ;

elytris irregulariter haud fortiter punctatis ; pygidio corporeque

subtus minute fulvo-setosis :

¢, pedum anticorum tarsis crassis, ungue interno dilatato, apice

minute fisso, tibia dentibus duobus fere transversis armata, tarsis

quatuor posterioribus longis:

2, pedum anticorum tarsis simplicibus, tibia dentibus tribus obli-

quis armata, elytrorum marginibus externis paulo ante apicem

obtuse angulatis.

Long. 14 mm.; lat. max. 7°5 mm.

Hab. Mexico.

Received from Messrs. Staudinger and Bang- Haas, with-

out more precise locality. I describe it only because it is so

highly distinctive as to be unfailingly recognized when seen.

It is exactly similar in coloration and general appearance to

C. liomorpha, Arrow, but with the clypeus produced and

attenuated, the pronotum rather longer and more strongly

276 Mr. G. J: Arrow on Lamellicorn Beetles.

punctured and the elytra less smooth and shining. The

elytral spots are entirely black, the two basal ones elongate,

and the black sutural line is not produced round the outer

margin as in C.liomorpha, but there is instead a narrow

black line within the outer edge. In the female the elytral

margin is not angulated near the middle, as in the allied

species, but towards the extremity.

It is highly interesting to find two species living so far

apart as the Amazons and. Mexico with important structural

differences, but almost identical pattern and general appear-

ance. They are evidently mimetic forms, strongly suggesting

various conspicuously marked species of Carabidee, Hrotylide,

and Chrysomelidz. Probably the resemblance is general

rather than particular, for the closest similarity I have

noticed to any individual species of another family is to

Morphoides 10-notatus, Duponch., an Erotylid inhabiting

South Brazil, a third region very distinct faunistically.

Agaocephala inermicollis, sp. n.

Cuprea, elytris testaceis, marginibus callisque humeralibus et

apicalibus infuscatis ; sat convexa, nitida, clypeo rugoso, fronte

fere levi; pronoto igneo-cupreo, inequaliter punctato, punctis

disci parcis, et minutis, lateribus subtiliter rugosis, marginibus

valde arcuatis, angulis omnibus obtusis, posticis fere ohsoletis ;

scutello parce punctato; elytris ab humeris apicem versus paulo

ampliatis, fortiter, irregulariter sat crebre punctatis, callis

humeralibus et apicalibus prominentibus, leevibus :

3, capite bicornuto, cornubus antrorsum fere recte productis, apice

acuminatis, leviter recurvatis; pronoto valde convexo, toto in-

ermi; pygidio valde incurvato, subtiliter punctato, lateraliter

minute rugoso; antennarum clava magna.

Long. (absque cornubus) 30-31 mm.; lat. max. 16°56-17°5 mm.

Hab. 8. Brazit: Rio Grande.

‘wo males were contained in the collection of the late

Alexander Fry, now forming part of the British Museum

collection.

The species is allied to A. dupont, Cast., but differs from

that and all other species in its smooth and shining surface,

that of the pronotum especially. Like that species and

A. melolonthoides, Thoms., the male has no trace of a thoracic

process, and another interesting feature is the elongate club

of the antenna in this sex. This is common to the three

species with unarmed thorax, whilst all those in which a

thoracic process is found have the club small and scarcely

different from that of the female.

27)

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[EIGHTH SERIES.]

No. 82. OCTOBER 1914,

XXXIH.— Three new Species of Ceriagrion from West Africa

(Order Odonata). By Hrerserr Campion.

As it stands at present, the genus Certagrion contains seven

species, all but one of which have an exclusively Oriental

distribution. Two of this number have been described

during the present year, namely C. fallax, Ris, from South

China (Entom. Mitteilungen, ili. p. 47, 1914), and C. oliva-

ceum, Laidlaw, from Upper Burma (Rec. Ind. Mus. viii.

p. 345, 1914). Isolated females are still difficult to deter-

mine, but the identification of the males of the five older

species has been greatly facilitated by the publication of a

very useful table by Dr. F. Ris (Abh. Senckenberg. Gesell.

xxxiv. p. 519, 1913).

The only extra-Asiatic species made known so far is the

African C. glabrum, Burm. Tuis species occurs throughout

the African continent, excepting the Mediterranean region,

as well as in Madagascar, Mauritius, and the Seychelles. In

general appearance there is a striking similarity between

C. glabrum and C. erubescens, Selys, known from Siam,

South China, Formosa, Malacca, Sumatra, Java, New

Guinea, Aru, and North Australia. Indeed, Queensland

specimens have been sometimes referred to under the name

ot glabrum ; but examination in detail has shown that the

two forms are really distinct from each other.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 19

278 Mr. H. Campion on new

Three species from West Africa which have come before

me recently I now propose to describe as new. That from

Southern Nigeria is represented by a single male which has

been in the British Museum for several years. The re-

maining species were contained in collections received by the

Imperial Bureau of Entomology, one from Dr. James J.

Simpson while visiting Sierra Leone on behalf of the Bureau,

and another from Mr. W. H. Patterson, the Government

Entomologist in the Gold Coast.

The new species all exhibit the interesting structure,

characterizing the genus, to which Dr. Ris has drawn atten-

tion in the first of the papers Uited above (p. 45). This

structure consists of a sharply-defined ridge crossing the

frons transversely, just in front of the antenna, and parallel

with the more anterior ridge separating the anteclypeus from

the postclypeus. The frons is thus divided into a horizontal

portion lying on the summit of the head and a vertical ante-

rior portion placed almost at a right angle with it.

The males of the four African species now under con-

sideration may be tabulated thus :—

I, The vein A* arising exactly at the level of the

cubito-anal cross-vein. Two black teeth on the

apical margin of segment 10, one on each side

of the excision.

A. Wings conspicuously yellow.

a, Thorax rusty brown above; abdomen orange-

red ; largest species (abdomen 29°5-33 mm.,

hind ‘wing circa 20 mim.) fine seb tae tele glabrum, Burm.

II. The vein A* arising a little before the level of the

cubito-anal cross-vein. Apical margin of seg-

ment 10 not toothed.

B. Wings conspicuously yellow.

b. Thorax dark greenish yellow above; abdo-

men for the most part pale lemon; species

of intermediate size (abdomen 25°5 mm.,

hind wing 16°5 mm.) ...... ke mie eee aia . citrinum, sp. De

C. Wings entirely hyaline.

e. Thorax dark green above; abdomen light red ;

species of intermediate size (abdomen 26

mm.; hind qwing (omy) Aa oo sce eh corallinum, sp. 1.

d. Thorax dark chocolate-brown above; abdo-

men crimson; smallest species (abdomen

24 mm., hind wing 15 mm.) ...).......4- ignitum, sp. D.

Ceriagrion citrinum, sp. Nn.

& adult (holotype)—Length of abdomen, including anal

appendages, 25°5 mm.; length of hind wing 16°5 mm.

Labium, labrum, gene, anteclypeus, and back of head

yellow. Postclypeus, frons, and upper surface of head dark

Species of Ceriagrion from West Africa, 279

greenish yellow. Antenne yellow at base, then reddish

brown. Prothorax dark greenish yellow. Upper surface of

thorax proper also dark greenish yellow, with an ante-

humeral golden stripe, not reaching to the anterior margin of

the thorax. (On the right side this antehumeral stripe is not

well developed.) Sides and under surface of thorax pale

greenish yellow. Legs yellow; spines and apex of tarsus

and of claws black. Wings conspicuously yellow 3 reticula-

tion for the most part reddish. Pterostigma greenish yellow,

bounded by black nervures. Arculus in all wings a little

distal to the second antenodal. A* in all wings originating

a little before the level of the cubito-anal cross-vein. 10

postnodals in fore wings and 8 in hind wings. Abdomen:

segments 1 to 5 and nearly the whole of 6 pale lemon; from

the apex of segment 6 to the end of the abdomen reddish

brown, tending to black on 8. Excision in the apical margin

of 10 V-shaped, deep, reaching to about the middle of the

segment. ‘lhe upper anal appendages blackish, stout,

pointed, curving abruptly downwards, and conspicuously

shorter than the lower, which they touch. The lower

appendages reddish brown; viewed in profile wide, longer

than segment 10, directed upwards, produced into a black-

tipped point above; in dorsal aspect conical, directed back-

wards,

In general appearance this species resembles Ceriagrion

coromandelianum, Fabr., from India, but may be readily

distinguished from it by its smaller size and the yellow

coloration of the wings.

SourHern NicertaA: 1 g, Lagos (Dr. H. Strachan),

British Museum, no. 9$-165.

Ceriagrion corallinum, sp. n.

$ adult (holotype).—Total length of abdomen 26 mm. ;

length of hind wing 17 mm.

Labium pale yellow. Labrum, anteclypeus, and anterior

portion of frons greenish yellow. Genz pale green. Post-

clypeus, posterior portion of frons, and superior surface of

head reddish brown. Back of head ochraceous. Antenne

yellowish brown at base; the bristle black. Prothorax

yellowish, variegated with greenish. Thorax: mid-dorsal

carina dark green, with a rather broad stripe of golden yellow

on each side ; between this stripe and the humeral suture a

broader band of dark green; sides of thorax pale green;

under surface whitish. Legs brownish yellow; spines,

apex of tarsi, and tips of claws black. Wings entirely

19%

280 Mr. H. Campion on new

hyaline, with black veins. Arculus a little distal to the

second antenodal. A* arising slightly proximal to the

cubito-anal cross-vein. 11-12 postnodals in fore wings and

10 in hind wings. Pterostigma greenish brown, bounded by

black nervures. Dorsum and sides of entire abdomen light

red, a little darker on the terminal segments; under surface

pinky yellow. Excision in apical margin ‘of segment 10

wide, U-shaped rather than V-shaped, rather shallow. Anal

appendages reddish; the upper ones somewhat shorter than

the lower, stout, curved inwards and downwards; the lower

appendages shorter than segment 10, broad laterally, curving

gently upwards and backwards, and terminating in a rather

long acute point above and a shorter blunter point below.

The antebumeral stripe o£ golden yellow, when present,

varies a good deal in width in different individuals, and may

be developed unequally on the two sides of the dorsal crest

in the same specimen. Sometimes it is absent altogether,

and the dorsum of the thorax may be of a more or less

unicolorous brownish tint.

There is also a considerable amount of variation in the

relation of the arculus to the second antenodal. This is the

case even in the different wings of the same individual ; but

in the fore wings the arculus shows a greater tendency to

migrate outwards than it does in the hind wings, where the

coincidence with the second antenodal is occasionally exact.

Similarly, the point of separation of A* is far from being

constant. Rarely, in hind wings, it coincides exactly with

the cubito-anal cross-vein, but more commonly the longi-

tudinal vein arises some little distance before the level of the

cross-veln,

@ (allotype).—Length of abdomen to apex of segment 5

16 os (remaining seoments lost) ; length of hind wing

18 mm.

Mouth-parts and head coloured as in holotype. Prothorax

dark brown. Dorsum of thorax greenish gold, with a narrow

stripe of dark green on the mid-dorsal crest, and a similar

stripe on each humeral suture; rest of thorax as in holotype.

Legs as in holotype. Wings as in holotype, except that the

arculus coincides with the second antenodal in all wings.

1] postnodals in fore wings and 10-11 in hind wings.

Abdomen to end of segment 5 yellowish brown.

SIERRA LEONE: 1 ¢, Kamakoni, 22. iv. 1912; 1 9

(allotype), Rowerre, 28. iv. 1912; 3 ¢ (including holotype),

Port Lokko, 1: v. 1912; 2 @, Port Lokko, 10. ¥. 29185

all collected by Dr. James J. Simpson.

BELGIAN Congo: 1 6, 1 2, Dima, 25. ix. 1908, A.

Species of Ceriagrion from West Africa, 281

Koller (Congo Museum, Tervueren, Brussels). I owe this

record to the kindness of Dr. Ris, who has compared the

Congo pair with Dr. Simpson’s series from Sierra Leone,

and found them to be identical.

Ceriagrion ignitum, sp. n.

3d adult (holotype).—Length of abdomen (including anal

appendages) 24 mm. ; length of hind wing 15 mm.

Labium brownish white. Labrum and anteclypeus red-

dish brown. Postclypeus and frons above dark brown.

Genz and anterior portion of frons greenish. Antenne,

upper surface of head, prothorax, and most of thorax proper

dark chocolate-brown, tending to copper colour in places.

A broad golden-brown band below the humeral suture.

Under surface of thorax and bases of legs with bluish-white

pruinosity. Legs pale brown, with black spines and a little

black on the tarsi and claws. Wings entirely hyaline ;

reticulation black. Arculus a little distal to the level of the

second antenodalin all wings. A* separating at (lind wings)

or a trifle before (fore wings) the level ot the cubito-anal

cross-vein. Postnodals 10-12 in tore wings, 9 in hind wings.

Pterostigma greenish brown, paler round the edges. Se z-

ment 1 of abdomen yellowish; 2 to 6 crimson, passing to

orange-red on segments 7 to 10; intersegmental sutures

black; ventral surface for the most part orange-red. Apical

margin of 10 not deeply excised, the emargination with a

somewhat elevated border. Anal appendages brownish red,

viewed in profile slightly convergent ; the upper pair a little

shorter than the lower, rather slender and sharply pointed,

and curved inwards and downwards. Lower appendages

about as long as segment 10, stout, curving inwards and

upwards, and ending above in a long black claw.

Much like the male of the European Pyrrhosoma tenellum,

Vill., but the abdomen is more richly coloured and the wings

are narrower and more hyaline than in that species.

? adult (allotype)—Length of abdomen 22 mm.; length

of hind wing 16 mm.

Labium yellowish. Labrum yellowish, with a trace of

red. Gene pale green. Anteclypeus, postclypens, and ante-

yior portion of trons dark green. Frons above, antenne,

prothorax, and upper surface of head dark chocolate-brown.

Dorsum of thorax proper dark chocolate-brown, with an ill-

defined golden-brown line on each side of the mid-dorsal

crest. A broad golden-brown band below the humeral

suture. Sides of thorax greenish. Under surface of thorax,

282 On a new OEnetus from New Guinea.

as well as the legs and wings, coloured asin @. Arculus at

or alittle distal to the second antenodal, A* separating at

or a little before the level of the cubito-anal cross-vein.

Postnodals 11 in fore wings, 10 in hind wings. Dorsum of

abdomen dark brown, approaching to black on the terminal

segments ; interseomental sutures black ; sides of abdomen

dark brown ; venter black, Anal appendages about as long

as segment 10, blackish, pointed. Palps of ovipositor black,

This specimen has a strong supernumerary cross-vein in the

right hind wing, traversing the space between A* and the

posterior margin of the wing, about midway between the

cubito-anal cross-vein and the first normal cross-vein.

The two paratype females differ somewhat from the allo-

type and from each other in details of coloration of the head

and thorax, but the foregoing description will probably be

sufficient to ensure the recognition of any further specimens

which may be obtained,

The position of the arculus in relation to the second ante-

nodal varies a good deal in the three males and three females

examined. In some wings the arculus coincides very nearly

with the antenodal, while in other wings it is placed well

beyond it. A* is likewise variable in its point of origin, and

may arise either at or conspicuously before the level of the

cubito-anal cross-vein,

GoLp Coast: 8 ¢, numbered by the collector 625, 626,

and 628 (holotype); 3 92, numbered 624, 627, and 629

(allotype), respectively : all from Aburi, 1912-13, Mr. W. H.

Patterson.

The types of all the new species are in the British Museum

(Natural History).

Most of the material discussed in this paper has been

examined by Dr. Ris, to whose unfailing courtesy and kind-

ness J am again indebted for much valuable advice.

XXXIII.—A new Mnetus from New Guinea.

By J. J. Joicey, F.L.8., and A. Noaxgs, F,E.S.

[Plate XIV.]

Charagia hampsont.

Male.—Fore wings: ground-colour dark green, the whole

wing being let in with xxx of a bright yellow at equal

On new Species of Uisteridee. 283

distances between the veins; costal margin with brown

triangular marks, the whole surface being covered with

small black spots, and the fringe with a continuous row of

the same.

Lower wings pale green, with indistinct yellow x x x.

Abdomen green.

Expanse 64 inches.

Female.—'ore wings darker green than the male, the

yellow xxx more indistinct; veins dark brown, with same-

coloured spots placed zigzag along the whole length ; costal

margin with yellow and brown triangular marks ; from the

apex round to the base of thorax a row of bright silver x x,

and from the costa to lower margin of wing four rows of

larger silver x x.

Lower wing light brown, with a few indistinct silver x x at

apex.

Expanse 7 inches.

Hab. Angi Lakes, Arfak Mts., Dutch New Guinea,

6000 ft. (Pratt, Feb. 1914).

3 $ gS and3 ¢? ¢ in the Joicey Coll.

XXXIV.— On new Species of Histeridee and Notices of others.

By G. Lewis, F.L.S.

[Plate XV.]

As in the last paper published in February, I again give a

Plate to facilitate the identification and call attention to

a few peculiar forms. I have also introduced three more

descriptions by other authors for aiding references. This

paper is the forty-second of the series, which must necessarily

be near the close.

The following species of the genus Mister have prosternal

strie, viz.:—belti, criticus, defectus, gibberosus, indistinctus,

levimargo, meridanus, planimargo, sallei, servus, and striati-

pectus of the New World, and Hister sordidus of Europe.

1 do not propose to include any of these species in Grammo-

stethus, as the species of the latter genus are Oriental, and

have, in addition to the prosternal striz, several other notable

characters, such as the rudimentary stria at the base of the

fourth dorsal stria (Ann. Mus, Civ. di Genova, xxxii. p. 28,

1891). Dr. G. H. Horn has a note on the striation of the

prosternum in the genus Lister (Trans. Amer, Soc. vii. p. 1,

284 Mr. G. Lewis on

1878), and I have noticed (Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7,

vol, xx. p. 96, 1907) that in some genera the character is

simply specific.

List of Species, arranged generically.

Plesius ruptistrius, Lew. | Hister togoii.

Platysoma comptum. ' Paromalus tilum, Reztt,

Chronus, gen, nov. Pachycrerus scitulus.

socialis. minor.

Omalodes gagatinus, Er. Hetzrius gratus, Lew.

Tlister montenegrius, Miiller, Saprinus ceruleatus, Lew.

Plesius ruptistrius, Lew., 1906.

Originally I had three examples of this species, all agreeing

in having the thoracic stria interrupted behind the head ;

apparently this is the usual form, but I now have a fourth

specimen in which the stria is complete, In other respects

the specimens are exactly similar.

Platysoma comptum, sp. n.

Oblongum, parum convexum, nigrum, nitidum; fronte stria integra

antice recta; pronoto parce et minutissime punctulato, stria

laterali integra; elytris striis 1-3 integris, 4-5 dimidiatis,

suturali utrinque abbreviata ; propygidio pygidioque immarginato

distincte punctatis ; prosterno inter coxas marginato ; mesosterno

sinuato antice haud marginato, stria transyersa arcuata, tibiis

anticis 4-dentatis.

L. 23 mill.

Oblong, somewhat convex, black and shining; the head

sparingly punctulate, feebly impressed anteriorly, stria com-

plete, straight in front, rounded off laterally ; the thorax also

sparingly and microscopically punctulate, the marginal stria

is extremely fine, inner stria also fine and the interstice late-

rally very narrow, but behind the head it widens, and the

stria at the basal angle turns inwards; the elytra, strie 1-3

clear and complete, 4-5 dimidiate and apical, 5 slightly the

shortest, sutural longer, but discal being shortened betore and

behind ; the pygidia are distinctly not very closely pune-

tured, neither are marginate, but there is a shallow fovea on

each side of the pygidium at its base; the prosternum is

margined with a stria meeting at both ends in the inter-

coxal area; the mesosternum is widely and feebly sinuous,

not marginate, but it is striate on either side and has a wide

median arched stria ; the first segment of the abdomen has a

new Species of Histeride. 285

longitudinal impression on the posterior edge, and the secoud

has a lateral stria ; the anterior tibize are 4-dentate.

‘The species is not similar to any known,

Hab, Shembaganur, Mandura, India.

CHRONUS, gen. nov.

Body oval in outline, microscopically punctulate above and

below; head flat above, not impressed, frontal stria arched

and complete, scape of the antenna angulate on the outer

edge, mesosternum marginate and sinuous anteriorly ; anterior

tibiz with tarsal groove straight, not curved, ‘Lhe super-

ficies of the species is similar to a small Platysoma, but the

tarsal grooves agree better with those of Phelister. The very

tine surface punctuation is almost identical in the two species

known and is an exceptional character. The two species to

be included in the genus are Platysoma exortivum, Lew.

(1888), and socialis, described below.

Chronus socialis, sp. n.

Ovatus, parum depressus, undique tenuissime punctulatus ; fronte

subplana, stria integra antice late arcuata; pronoto stria laterali

basi vix abbreviata, interstitio modice dilato; elytris striis 1-3

integris, 3 internus subzqualibus; propygidio pygidioque sat

dense punctulatis hoc immarginato; mesosterno sinuato mar-

ginato ; tibiis anticis 5-denticulatis.

L. 34 mill,

Oval, somewhat depressed, black and shining, surface

above and below microscopically punctulate; the head not

impressed, frontal stria well marked and widely arched; the

thorax, marginal stria very fine, inner stria obscurely crenu-

Jate and fine behind the head, stronger and not crenulate at

the sides, and the interstice a little widened, the stria is very

slightly shortened at the base (in evortivus it just passes the

angle) ; the elytra, dorsal striae 1-3 complete, sutural dimi-

diate, 4-5 a little shorter and almost coequal; the pygidia

are not margined but rather closely punctulate, the points

somewhat varying in size; the mesosternum is sinuous and

the stria complete ; the anterior tibiz 5-deutate, tarsal grooves

not curved, R

This species is very similar to evortivus, but the frontal

stria is more marked, the thoracic lateral interstice is wider

and the stria does not reach the basal edge, and of the three

286 Mr. G. Lewis on

inner dorsal strie the sutural is the longest. In exortivus

the fourth stria is the longest.

Hab. Montes Mauson, 2000 feet, Tongking.

Omalodes gagatinus, Erichs. Wiegm. Arch. i. p. 90 (1847).

«‘Oblongus, subdepressus, fronte leviterimpressa ; elytris striis interi-

oribus nullis, exterioribus tribus subtilissimis abbreviatisque ;

abdominis segmento penultimo utrinque punctato; pygidio equali

crebre punctato, apice levi; tibiis anticis quadridentatis.

Tom ges 1

Hab. Peru.

Ester montenegrius, Miiller, Wien. ent. Zeit. xix. p. 137

(1900); Miinch. Kol. Zeitschr. i. p. 337 (1908).

“ Ovalis, nitidus, clava antennarum fulva; mandibulis supra leevibus,

margine exteriore obtusis ; stria frontali integra, recta ; pronoto

striis lateralibus 2, externa fortiter abbreviata, interna integra ;

elytris striis subhumeralibus nullis, dorsalibus 1-3 integris,

4 obsoleta, 5 fere nulla, 6 abbreviata ; propygidio dense fortiter,

pygidio paullo levius punctato; processu antico prosterni stria

laterali interna postice a margine valde remota, prosterno striis

longitudinalibus nullis; mesosterno antice mediocriter emar-

ginato; tibiis anticis extus J—4 dentatis, dente ultimo dilatato,

apice truncato vel parum emarginato.

* Long. 4-5 mm.”

Said to be “near sordidus,”’ which, as stated in the

preamble, has prosternal strie.

Hab. Kurope.

Hister togoit, sp. n.

Ovalis, convexiusculus, niger, nitidus ; fronte impressa, stria integra ;

pronoto stria laterali interna integra, externa basi abbreviata ;

elytris striis 1-3 integris, 4 punctiformi, 5 apicali, suturali

dimidiata, humerali sulciformi; propygidio parce et grosse

punctato; pygidio vix dense punctato ; tibiis anticis 5-dentatis.

L. 43 mill.

Oval, little convex, black and shining ; the head trans-

versely impressed behind the stria, stria sinuous and some-

what cariniform and crenulate, surface sparingly punctulate,

mandibles not rugose; the thorax, inner stria complete,

outer stria shortened at the base; the elytra, strize 1-3 com-

plete, 4 punctiform and indistinct, 5 apical, sutural dimidiate,

outer humeral short and sulciform; the propygidium with

new Species of Histeridee. 287

rather large punctures not closely set; the pygidium punc-

tures rather smaller and closer; the mesosternum is feebly

sinuous and marginate ; the anterior tibize 5-dentate.

This species is similar to sedakov?, Mars., a species Marseul

figures with the fourth dorsal stria broken ; but his deserip-

tion says that it is complete, and it is so in a long series of

specimens in my collection.

Hab. Tsushima, Japan.

Paromalus filum, Reitter, Deutsche ent. Zeitschr. xxviil.

p- 256 (1884).

**Tenuis, elongatus, parallelus, leviter, convexus, piceus, antennis

pedibusque ferrugineis, illis clava testacea undique punctatissimus,

prothorace leviter transverso, antrorsum minime angustato ;

striola marginali antice vix interrupta, elytris prothoracis latitu-

dine, parallelis, cylindricis, stria laterali interna subintegra, vel

2 dorsalibus basi obliquis valde abbreviatis et obsoletis; meta-

sterno late sulcato, subtiliter punctato, abdomine segmento primo

antice fortiter punctato, linea antica metasternali vix biangulata

antrorsum subsemicirculari; tibiis anticis dilatatis, subtiliter

4-denticulatis, intermediis et posticis angustatis; his 1-, illis

3-spinulosis. Long. fere 2 mill.”

flab. Bulgaria.

By an unfortunate error, probably by a misplacement of a

sheet in the manuscript, the above was wrongly represented

on page 347 (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. xx. 1907).

Pachycrerus scitulus, sp. 0.

Oblongo-ovatus, subconvexus, cyaneus, nitidus; fronte impressa,

paree puncticulata, stria antice interrupta; pronoto utrinque

punctato, stria marginali integra; elytris striis, subhumerali

externa integra, interna basali dimidiata, 1-3 integris, 4 basi

abbreviata, 5 apicali, suturali dimidiata; propygidio grosse punc-

tato ; pygidio basi punctato, postice levi.

L. 53 mill.

Oblong-oval, little convex, clear blue and shining ; the

forehead impressed, finely and sparsely punctulate, stria

narrowly interrupted in front; the thorax broadly and rather

coarsely punctate in the region of the anterior angle, less

widely punctate towards the base, and the scutellar area is

smooth, behind the head and towards the dise there are a

few punctures, the marginal stria 1s complete ; the elytra,

striz, external humeral complete, internal basal and dimidiate,

1-3 dorsal complete, 4 shortened anteriorly, 5 short and

288 On new Species of Histeride.

apical, sutural apical and dimidiate; the propygidium is

coarsely punctate, with the posterior ¢ edge very narrowly

smooth; the pygidium is similarly punctate, with the poste-

rior margin smooth; the prosternum, keel rather narrow,

strize parallel to each other and not apparently quite meeting

in front, but distinctly separate at the base; the mesosternum

is minutely punctulate, with the marginal stria complete ;

the anterior tibiee 4—5-dentate.

The general facies of the species agrees “with that of

P. chorites, Lew.; the form of the inner subhumeral stria is

exceptional in the genus.

Hab. Congo River.

Pachycrerus minor, sp. n.

Subcylindricus, eeneo-niger, nitidus; fronte punctulata, stria late

interrupta; pronoto stria laterali antice interrupta; elytris

striis 1-3 integris, 4 dimidiata, suturali antice abbreviata ;

mesosterno stria late interrupta ; tibiis anticis 5-dentatis.

L. 2 mill.

Somewhat cylindrical, black with a brassy tinge; the

forehead clearly and evenly, not closely punetulate, stria

straight above the eyes, oblique anteriorly and widely inter-

rupted ; the thorax very irregularly punctured, some points

rather lar ge, others extremely fine, lateral stria fine and not

continued in front; the elytra, dorsal striae fine, 1-3 complete,

4 basal and nearly dimidiate, sutural shortened betore the

base, outer subhumeral complete, i inner apical and dimidiate ;

the pygidia are punctured like the thorax ; the prosternum,

anterior Jobe microscopically strigose, keel rather narrow,

strie widen out a little at the base and rather more so ante-

riorly, not joining at either end ; the mesosternum has a few

irregular and inconspicuous punctures, the lateral stria is not

close to the edge, straight at the sides and oblique in front,

and distinctly terminates without passing behind the acumina-

tion, the suture is scarcely visible ; the metasternum, the

lateral stria is well marked and almost straight; the anterior

tibia are 5-dentate.

This and P. nanus are the two smallest species known in

the genus.

Hab. Umbelosi River, Delagoa ; found under Mimosa-

bark.

On Annelida Polychata from the North Sea &c. 289

Leterius gratus, Lew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 5,

vol. xiii. p. 137 (1884).

I found this species in a nest of Formica fusca, L., on the

Wada-togé in Central Japan. The ant is also a native of

Britain and the host of //. ferrugineus, Oliv.

Saprinus ceruleatus, Lew., 1905. (Pl. XV. fig. 9.)

I give a figure of this species, as there are not many

Species in the genus in which the dorsal strize are almost

obliterated by the surface-sculpture.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XV.

Fig. 1. Petalosoma hirtipes, Lew.

Fig. 2. Plesius asperimargo, Lew.

Fig. 3. Coptosternus tarsalis, Lew.

Fig. 4. Underside. 4a. Tarsus,

Fig. 5. Platysoma dorsalis, Lew.

Fig. 6. Paromalus submetallicus, Lew.

Tig. 7. Hister sessilis, Lew.

Fig. 8. Monoplius braunsi, Lew. 8 a. Surface-sculpture,

Fig. 9. Saprinus ceruleatus, Lew.

XXXV.—Report on the Annelida Polycheta collected in the

North Sea and adjacent parts by the Scotch Fishery Board

Vessel * Goldseeker”—Part III. Syllidze to Eunicide. By

James W. Prypr, M.A., Walker Trust Research Scholar,

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews.

[Plate XVI]

Tus report is the third issued in connection with the

Annelida Polychzta collected in the North Sea by the

‘Goldseeker’ and includes the families Syllide, Nereide,

and Eunicide. Of the Syllids only one genus, viz. Syilis

occurs, aud of the twelve species accounted British, only

three are present in this collection, The Nereidz have

three representatives of the nine common to British waters,

and probably the absence of the others is accounted for by

the fact that they are more littoral than deep-sea forms.

Although the Eunicidz are only represented by five genera,

yet the members of one species alone, viz. Hyalinecia tubi-

cola, O. F. Miiller, outnumber all the others taken together,

290 Mr. J. W. Pryde on Annelida Polycheta

This annelid occurs at thirty-one stations, was found at

various depths with different apparatus, and the 649 examples

were taken along with 755 tubes. There are young, half-

grown, adult, and mature female forms ; while the tubes,

most of which are entire, show their valvular condition very

well. There is, indeed, a wonderful abundance of this species

in the North Sea, and the records outclass those of the

German North Sea investigations, whose representative, so

far as number is concerned, is Onuphis conchylega, another

Eunicid. .

Again, no lists of Synonyms have been given, but they

can be obtained from Prof. M‘Intosh’s ‘ Monograph’ (vol. ii.

part 1. 1908, and vol. ii. part 11.1910) under the heads of

the various species. The specimens were those belonging

to the collection handed over to Mr. W. Small, M.A., B.Sc.,

by Prof. D’Arey Thomson, a prominent member of the

Scotch Fishery Board. In addition, I have to thank Prof.

M‘Intosh for his kindness in giving me, from his own

collection, a typical series of slides of each group.

Family Syllide.

Genus Sys, Savigny, 1820.

Syllis cornuta, H. Rathke, 1843.

One entire specimen and one anterior fragment were

dredged at Station 7, lat. 61° 06’ N., long. 2° 1’ E., in

15 fathoms. It has been found off the Hebrides, in

St. Magnus Bay, Shetland, off St. Andrews in deep water,

off Bundoran, Donegal, and Berehaven, and extends to the

Mediterranean shores of France, Spitzbergen, Madeira, and

South Africa, but it is not recorded from Japanese waters.

As details of the German North Sea Investigations regarding

this family have not yet come to hand, no comparison can

be drawn.

The head corresponds with the characters entered in the

Monograph.

The body of the complete annelid measures a little over

three-fourths of an inch in length and has about 70 segments.

Other writers give the body about one inch long, and having

about 100 segments. The colour is yellowish white and

dark brown bands appear at the junction of the segments.

Along the dorsum there is a pale yellow line in the median

region, the line being more distinct in the tail. ‘The

ventral.surface is much lighter in hue than the dorsal.

The feet are characteristic of the species and agree with

from the North Sea and adjacent parts. 291

the description as laid down in the Monograph*. The

dorsal cirri are long and articulated, but the articulations

diminish from before backward until, in the caudal region,

only twelve or less are found. These organs all taper

distally and are quite distinct from the ventral cirri, which

likewise taper distally, but which are sausage-shaped through-

out. In certain varieties, however, it is noteworthy that the

ventral cirri are often elongate.

The proboscis, which is extruded in the complete specimen,

appears to be divided into a basal and a distal region by a

deep furrow. ‘The basal region is the larger and is uniform

except at the base, where several small grooves occur. The

distal region is more rounded and swollen, but is smooth in

appearance. The organ is about the length of five body-

segments and resembles the body in colour except where

here and there little patches of white appear. None of the

specimens were mature.

The last body-segment is not so broad as the segments in

front, but is much longer. It issomewhat oblong in outline

and ends in two cirri, which are about half the length of the

dorsal cirri of the second last segment. The cirri are indis-

tinctly articulated, the articulations being irregular in size.

At the anterior region of the last segment there are many

sausage-shaped papille, which dwindle in size towards the

posterior end. The anus is ventral in position, and close to

it there is a small papilla intermediate in position between

the anal cirri.

Syllis armillaris, Girsted, 1842-3.

This species is represented by a single fragment which was

found in a dredge at Station 7, lat. 61° 06’ N., long. 2° 1’ E.,

ata depth of 15 fathoms. It is common, however, in the

littoral regions of our coasts and has been found in débris

from deep-sea fishing. It extends to Farée channel, shores

of Norway and Sweden, Greenland, and has been found by

Marenzeller in the Behring Sea.

The head is typical and agrees with the characters in the

Monograph.

The body is slightly wedge-shaped and there are about

forty segments in this fragment. In the Monograph it

is stated: ‘‘ Body two or three inches long and of sixty to

seventy segments, slightly diminished in front, tapering to a

lanceolate point posteriorly and furnished with two cirri.”

It is yellowish brown, but the lateral and central bars are

* Vide ‘ Monograph,’ vol. ii. part i. p. 201.

292 Mr. J. W. Pryde on Annelida Polycheta

very much faded owing to the preserving fluid. The pro-

boscis was not extruded, but, when examined, had a single

conical tooth in the anterior margin. The feet were typical

of the species.

The writer of the Monograph states that the animals

are hard and _ stiff, comparatively sluggish, hiding under

débris in a vessel or crawling slowly over the bottom.

The sexual form of this species is known as Joida macro-

phthalma and is described by Prof. M‘Intosh *,

Syllis krohnii, Ehlers, 1864.

Unfortunately the only example of this species suffered in

the Laboratory fire and, consequently, it is now somewhat

dried and shrivelled in appearance, besides being black in

colour. The label, moreover, has been lost and so no locality

nor depth can be given. It is more a littoral than a deep-

sea form and has been found in the Adriatic (Hdlers),

Mediterranean, Canaries (Langerhaus), off the shores of

France (De St. Joseph), and in the Outer Hebrides.

The specimen is complete, measuring about an imch in

length. The head is conspicuously notched in front, but

narrows behind. The eyes are four in number, reddish in

colour, placed obliquely in pairs, the anterior being the

wider apart (M‘Intosh). The palpi are fairly long and taper

towards their tips. They are ciliated in perfect specimens.

The median tentacle arises between the eyes and projects

upward. It is longer than the laterals, which resemble it.

All pigment-spots are obliterated ip this specimen.

The body tapers towards the tail, which ends in two fairly

short, slender cirri, between which is a median papilla which

is somewhat bulbous in appearance. The anal cirri have

only four or five articulations, which are somewhat longer

than those of the dorsal cirri. All the natural colour of the

animal has been destroyed, but from the account given in

the Monograph + it is as follows :—‘‘ Dorsum pale anteriorly, -

marked transversely by more than a dozen madder-brown

bands, the anterior being double. The rest of the dorsum

is opaque yellowish white (from the viscera), paler at the

sides and posteriorly. ‘The under surface is pale anteriorly,

pale orange throughout the greater part of its length, and

translucent towards the tail.” Each segment is distinctly

marked off from its neighbours and the dorsal cirri are

* Vide ‘Monograph,’ vol. ii. part i. pp. 190-1.

+ Vide ‘Monograph,’ vol. ii. part i, p. 193.

from the North Sea and adjacent parts. 293

alternately long and short. In life the long cirri curl up-

wards at the tips, and thus add grace to the appearance of

the animal. The short cirri jut horizontally outwards and

taper towards the tips. The articulations are well marked

and diminish in number from before backward. The ventral

cirri are not very long, being smooth in appearance and

bluntly conical in outline. The feet are dried up, and

identification was based chiefly on the bristles, which are

quite typical of the species.

At the reproductive season, buds are developed at the

posterior end and become detached. They are salmon-

tinted, distended with ova, and are much wider than the

nurse-stocks. They possess small heads, with four large

red eyes, only two of which are visible from the dorsum.

The cirri of the buds are nearly equal in length,

Family Nereide.

Genus Nerers, Linneus, 1731.

Nereis pelagica, Linneus, 1756.

Very few specimens of this well-known and somewhat

common form occur in this collection, and perhaps the

reason is that the animals prefer a littoral to a deep-sea

habitat. The following were the stations where the animals

were obtained :—

}

| }

| | y | |

ad eT a]

10-8-1907 116 ... |60°23'N., 1°37’ W.) 102 m. | Sm. Trawl. | 1 (small specimen). |

24-8-1907 133 a3 | Sea Ness, | 97m. | Sm. Trawl. | 2. |

| | Shetland.

15-4-1908 '8 miles north of | 24 faths.) Trawl. 1 (mature with ova).)

| Fair Isle.

9-6-1908 88 | 164. | 61° 49" N.,5° 36’ W.| .... | Sm. Trawl. | 4 complete and 1

fragment.

14-9-1909 | 11844 | 4 59° 26’ N.,0° 20’ W. 102 m. | Fry Net. 1 (incomplete).

Several of the specimens were trawled with Hyalinecia

tubicola, O. F. M. The largest measured 32 inches long

and has 75 segments, but no tube is present. From the

Monograph this form is found “abundant in tubes under

stones between tide-marks on both shores of Britain and

Ireland ; under layers of slaty rocks, in fissures of sandstone,

in sandy mud, and under old limpets. It is less common in

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 20

294 Mr. J. W. Pryde on Annelida Polychaeta

the Channel Islands, where medium or small examples are

found only in chinks of rocks and under Balani and

Ascidians in the Gouliot Caves, Sark—a single small example

of N. cultrifera and one or two of N. dumerilii accompanying

them. Occasionally, the tube formed by it in fissures of

sandstone is not half the length of the body. Many young

forms occur on the tangle blades, to the surface of which

their tubes are attached. 1t extends to the coralline ground

off the East Coast, and now and then takes possession of an

empty tube of other forms, such as Thelepus.’ De St.

Joseph found it off the shores of France, but it stretches to

the south of Halifax, Nova Scotia ; Marenzeller obtained it

in the Behring Sea and in Japanese waters ; Izuka records

it from many stations and in Sagami Bay at a depth of

63 fathoms; Grube found it near Amon on the eastern

shores of Siberia, while Ehlers obtained var. Junulata in the

Strait of Magellan. The ‘ Valorous’ Expedition procured

several large specimens from the Arctic seas, and Prof.

Dickie, Aberdeen, found it on floating seaweed off Gough’s

Island, South Atlantic. One specimen is recorded in the

‘Challenger’ Reports, having been obtained south of Halifax

at a depth of 85 fathoms; but this specimen differs from a

British one of the same size by a marked diminution of

the superior lobe, a feature which is common to Cana-

dian examples. ‘Heinen obtained this species at seven

stations, the most northerly one being lat. 58° 41’ N.,

long. 1° 40’ E.

The colour of the body is iridescent reddish brown, the

dorsum being darker in hue than the ventrum. The segments

are large anteriorly and small posteriorly, while on the

ventral surface at the posterior end there is a slight median

groove. The body terminates in a prominent vent, beneath

which are two long anal cirri, the cirri being about the

length of last eight segments taken together. “In many of

the “large er specimens there are caleareous deposits in circular

patches i in the skin of the dorsum *, ‘The proboscis was not

extruded in any of the specimens, but is armed with jaws

and paragnathe which are weil seen when living specimens

are irritated by adding some acetic acid to the sea-water in

which they are living. ©

During the reproductive season the males and females enter

the “ Heteronereid ” phase, and thus the epitokous forms are

arrived at. “In the males, which are found from January

to June, the head is wide and the eyes are larger; the

dorsal cirri of the first seven feet are thickened throughout

* Vide ‘ Monograph,’ vol. 11. part li, p. 272

Date.

;

~~,

;

3-1905 | +

from the North Sea and adjacent parts. 295

the greater part of their length, the short tip being filiform.

The ventral cirrus in the first four or five feet is also en-

larged. At the seventeenth foot the change from the nereid

to the heteronereid condition commences with increased

vascularity—a dorsal lamella, a ventral, a large inferior

setigerous lamella, and a superior subsetigerous lamella all

being developed, with fan-like groups of swimming bristles.

The dorsal cirrus has a row of prominent papille along its

lower edge. Sperms extend far forward to the anterior cr

nereid region. The colour is greenish anteriorly, posteriorly

pale or cream-coloured from the sperms, except in those

first mentioned, which are pale anteriorly. The tip of the

tail is pinkish in colour, which is derived from the vessels

underneath.

“The females are deep russet-brown and iridescent in

February, from the ova which are of a faint salmon-colour.

The tips of the palpi are dull brownish orange like the pro-

boscis. In September the feet become very vascular, so as

to give a deep red aspect to the sides, whilst their tips are

pale” *, The writer also says that St. Andrews is the only

British locality at which pelagic females have been observed.

Nereis eultrifera, Grube, 1840.

This annelid was obtained at the following four stations :—

Haul. | Station.

Locality.

| Depth. | Apparatus, | Number obtained.

Weather Holm, | cea

S.W. x W. 13 miles. |

fragments.

2 (incomplete).

11-1905 | Burghead Bay. | 11 faths. Sm. Trawl. | 4 and 3 fragments

(1 epitokous).

8-1906 51 16 | 62° N., 6°12’ W. | 120m. | Sm. Trawl. | 1.

8-1908 | 9846. 164. | 61°49’ N.,5°36’ W. 218 m. Fry Net.

However, this form, like N. pelagica, is found between

tide-marks on both eastern and western shores of Britain,

under stones and in tunnels in masses of peat ; on both

shores of Ireland ; Mediterranean shores of France (De St.

Joseph) ; Canaries (Langerhaus); Black Sea (Bobretsky) ;

Japan (Izuka) ; Formosa (Oshima); Bonin Islands (Hirota) ;

Skagerrak and Kattegat (Heinen). The ‘Challenger’ Report

contains no record of this species, and, concerning the

* Vide ‘ Monograph,’ vol. ii. part ii. p. 268.

20*

2 and several

296 Mr. J. W. Pryde on Annelida Polycheta

German Investigation Ship ‘ Poseidon,’ Heinen adds ‘‘ Im

‘Poseidon’ Material nicht vertreten ” *,

The head agrees with the account in the Monograph.

It differs from that of N. pelagica by having a distinct

median furrow, while the dorsal of the second pair of tenta-

cular cirri is almost twice as long as that of the anterior pair.

The proboscis is strong and stout and resembles that of

N. pelagica, but differs in the basal region, however, which

bears several large paragnathi which are bluntly conical and

black in colour. The jaws are large and powerful, and each

has five teeth. The right jaw passes over the left, but,

according to the Monograph, -the opposite condition may

also be found.

The body is more elongated than that of N. pelagica and

tapers towards the tail, where it ends in two long, slender,

pale cirri. The peristomium is broader than any of the

other segments, but it is only about two-thirds the breadth

of a N. pelagica of corresponding size. The feet are typical

of the species, but the colour has changed to a duskier hue

owing to the preservation.

The epitokous specimen has nineteen feet in the nereid

or anterior region and forty-nine feet in the posterior or

heteronereid region. The eyes are large, convex in shape,

and are intensely black in colour. The first seven feet

resemble the condition found in N. pelagica, only the ventral

cirri have a slighter enlargement, which, according to

the Monograph, ceases sooner. The swimming-bristles

and swimming-feet are characteristic. The heteronereid

example in this collection was found on the 22nd day of

November, but on the shores near Cherbourg, M. Fauvel

obtained several in April and May; while Prof. Iznka observed

a large swarm on the Ist day of September, 1896, in Misaki

harbour.

The gut was empty, but the animal usually feeds on very

fine branching alge. In Guernsey the fishermen use this

animal for bait, and dig for them with pointed instruments

resembling spears f.

Nereis fucata, De Blainville, 1825.

The following are the stations at which this species was

procured :—

* Vide ‘Die Nephthydeen und Lycorideen der Nord und Ost-See’

(Heinen),

{ Vide ‘ Monograph,’ vol. ii. part ii. p. 289, fig. 70.

from the North Sea and adjacent parts. 297

Date. | Haul.} Station. | Locality. | Depth. | Apparatus. | Number obtained.

15— 9-1908 | 389 | .....- Coast, Caithness. | 15 faths.| Trawl. | 2.

Se S. edge Smith Bank.) ...... |. ate L.

AGES 03 ee (ee Burghead Bay. 11 faths.! Trawl. 4—3 fragments

(1 epitokous).

T1— 7-1906 | 43 58 «|: 58°44’ N., 4° W. | 105m. | Sm. Trawl. | 2 fr aginents.

bates Dredge. ds

e908 | LOO) | (.cce Noss Head, N.W.

} W.3 miles,

donee No label. | Lane mae tae

The annelids are small, the largest measuring about four

inches long and having 80 segments. The Monograph

states “ body 4-9 ins. long and segments 95 to 110,” while

Heinen, the German investigator, gives 60 to 80 as the

general number. As far as can be ascertained, all the hauls

were made beyond 58° N., and the greatest depth recorded

is 105 m. ‘This species, however, abounds all round the

shores of Great Britain and Ireland, and off St. Andrews it

is very plentiful in deep water. It has often been found

entering into symbiotic relationship with Pagurus bernhardus

in Buccinum, both the large and the smaller varieties, and in

Fusus islandicus, according to Prof. M‘Intosh, “ part of the

animal is inserted within the shell and the anterior region

lies along the lip.’ = Dr. Johnston found several of his

specimens in the same or allied shells with hermit-crabs.

The stomachs of the cod and the haddock often yield large

quantities of this annelid, which may be half digested, but

yet is easily recognized by the structure of its feet and

bristles. Off Montrose Dr. Howden obtained very large

specimens in deep water, while J. G. Jeffreys obtained this

species 18 miles west of Skellig, Ireland, in 80 fathoms

of water. Elwes found it at Torquay; Andouin and

Edwards around the shores of France ; Ehlers, Levinsen,

and others in the North Sea, and Verrill off the eastern

shores of America. Neither Izuka nor the ‘Challenger

records any of this species. Heinen, in his North “Sea

Investigations, records this annelid from many stations and

‘ obtained it at a depth of 290 m.—* Exemplare dieser Spezies

; (N. fucata) wurden in Tiefen bis zu 290 m. meist auf Sand-

: oder Sechlickgrund gefaugen.” flis most northerly station

is lat. 60° 20, long. 2° 20' E.*

* No latitude or longitude is given in Hleinen’s report, a those

recorded here have .been taken as accurately as possible from his

maps.

298 Mr. J. W. Pryde on Annelida Polycheta

The head is typical and bears two pairs of black-coloured

eyes, which are obliquely placed, while the anterior pair are

somewhat wider apart. The peristomial segment is broader

than the succeeding, but is not so broad as that of N. pelagica

or N. cultrifera. The body imcreases in breadth to the

anterior third and then gradually tapers posteriorly, where

it ends in an anal segment which bears two long slender

cirri. The body is thus fusiform, but this is not so noticeable

as in the Hesionidze, which, in the adult condition, are not

so large in size as the Nereidee. The dorsum is deep brown

in colour, while the ventrum-is of a slightly lighter hue.

Along the dorsum run two white streaks with the dorsal

blood-vessel between them, while a dotted white line runs

along each side. Some of the other markings which can be

easily observed in living specimens were not present, and their

absence is no doubt due to the mode of preservation, thus

the white median lines which are seen on the head were very

much faded.

The first foot bears a large dorsal cirrus, but otherwise

the feet are typical of the species. No specimen showed an

extruded proboscis, which has, however, two strongly curved

jaws, each having thirteen to sixteen teeth. One fragment,

a female, showed the epitokous condition *,

Nereis dumerilti, Audouin and Edwards, 1833.

No specimen of this species occurs in this collection, but

it is common on the west coast of Britain in the laminarian

region at a depth of 4-6 fathoms. One cannot pull up the

tangles without finding one or more specimens of this

annelid with tubes attached. It is also found at greater

depths. The Monograph says that it is found on the

east coast in deep water off St. Andrews, and that the tubes

are cast up on the shore after storms +t. Its absence is,

therefore, probably accounted for by the fact that the

investigations of the ‘ Goldseeker’ were confined to the

northern area of the North Sea, while this species is partial

to the south. Heinen did not find any in his North Sea

collection, although he describes this species from museum

examples which were obtained in Kiel Bay {. It is found

in abundance around the shores of Japan, and two small and

imperfect specimens were procured at St. Vincent, Cape

Verde Islands, July 1873, by the ‘ Challenger.’

* Vude ‘Monograph,’ vol. ii. part ii. p. 340; pl. xxiii. figs. 3a, b, & ¢.

+ Vide‘ Monograph,’ vol, ii. part il. p. 304.

| Vide ‘ Die Nephthydeen und Lycorideen,’ p. 53.

from the North Sea and adjacent parts. 299

Family Eunicide.

Genus Lumsriconereis, De Blainville, 1828 (char. emend.).

Lumbriconereis fragilis, O. ¥. Miller, 1788.

Only at the following three stations was this species

obtained :—

Date. | Haul, Station. Locality. Depth. | Apparatus. | Number obtained. |

25-8-1906 57 16 | 62° N., 6° 12’ W. 120 m. | Sm. Trawl, | 1 (a female).

8-8-1907 I Oege BO We oe Muckle Holm, 88 m. Dredge. 1 with ova.

bia ew 8:

Sandwich Holm,

S.xE. + E.

7-6-1008 | 205 | ...... Tresta, Wick. 57 m. | Dredge. 1.

All the three specimens are large, the largest being

7 inches in length and having about 234 segments. In

1869 the ‘ Porcupine’ Expedition found this form at various

stations off the British coasts, and the depths at which they

were found ranged from 15 to 1380 fathoms. From the

habitat ascribed to this species by various writers, one must

couclude that the animals are northern as well as deep-water

forms, for they have not yet been found as far south as the

Mediterranean. In the ‘Challenger’ Reports L. pettiyrewi

is mentioned as resembling this species in outline, while

L. neo-zealanie resembles it in the feet, but in the structure

; of the bristles a marked difference is apparent. In Izuka’s

work there is no mention of this species.

é Two of the specimens contained ova, and all were more or

| less in a spirally coiled condition. When alive they are very

active and graceful in theirmovements. There was nothing

‘ of outstanding interest in any of the animals, and a full

. description of the species will be found in Prof. M‘Intosh’s

‘Monograph,’ vol. ii. pt. ii. pp. 8373-4.

Lumbriconereis gracilis, Ehlers, 1868.

4 Several fragments of apparently small specimens of this

1 annelid were dredged in 16 fathoms, one-quarter mile N.W.

. of Gluss Island, close to Colla Firth in Shetland. ‘This is

the only station at which it was found, but from recent

accounts it is abundantly obtained off the west coasts,

especially the west coast of Ireland. Its distribution, how-

ever, is wide, for it extends to the Mediterratean, Adriatic

300 Mr. J. W. Pryde on Annelida Polycheta

(Ehlers), Madeira (Langerhaus), and to Norway. In the

‘Porcupine’ Expedition of 1870 it was dredged in 81 fathoms

off Cape Finisterre, but in the same expedition of the pre-

ceding year it was dredged in 370 fathoms off Ireland.

The head, which was present on one fragment only, was

bluntly conical, and when viewed laterally was ovoid in out-

line. The dorsal process, present in fresh specimens, was

missing. The body, which was slender, tapered posteriorly,

but unfortunately none of the animals had the caudal region

present about the number of Girri, of which there is still some

doubt. Ehlers worked from incomplete examples, and the

writer of the Monograph obtained one with this region

present, but the cirri were absent. No specimen showed an

extruded proboscis which is armed with a dental apparatus

consisting of a pair of curved jaws and a pair of great dental

plates, each of which bears four strong teeth *.

Living examples have an iridescent buff colour, but the

preserving fluid has considerably bleached the specimens of

this collection. The foot resembles the type-foot, but the

hooked bristles bear terminal pieces which are slightly

larger. The winged bristles are slightly curved and taper

to very fie points. Moreover, the wings on the bristles in

the posterior region are somewhat broader than those in the

anterior.

The Monograph states that Z. coccinea of Renier, Nardo,

and Grube comes near to this species.

Genus Eunice, Cuvier, 1817.

Eunice norvegica, Linnzus, 1766 (=pennata, O. F. M.).

Most of the examples of this form are small, and have

suffered from the fire in the laboratory which was mentioned

in the introduction to Part II. The following are the

stations where the annelids were procured :—

| Haul. | Station. Locality. Depth. | Apparatus. | Number obtained.

17-2-1905 | 3609 38 | 58° 34’ N., 0° 47’ E.| 187 m. | Mesh Net. 1 fragment.

258-1906 5] | 16 | 62°.N.,6°12’W. | 120m. | Sm. Trawl. | 3.

9-6-1908 88 | 164. | 61°,49)2N 55° S36! Wel eee, Sm. Trawl. | 3, 1 with ova.

9-€-1908 201 jen 62° N., 6° 12’ W. 112 m. | Dredge. 1 with ova.

| |

* Cf.‘ Monograph,’ vol. ii, part ii. p, 386.

from the North Sea and adjacent parts. 301

From these data it appears that the species is a northern

as well as a deep-water form. At Station 34 in the

‘Porcupine’ Expedition of 1869, this form was found in

725 fathoms on mud and sand, and in the expedition of 1870

a variety was found in 539 fathoms in grey mud. J.G.

Jeffreys, too, dredged it 55 miles west of Valentia, Ireland,

in 60 fathoms. Canon Norman obtained it amongst

coral and mud in Norway, Marenzeller at Adria, while the

Monograph records its extension to Canada*. Neither

Izuka nor the ‘ Challenger’? Report makes mention of this

species.

The head bears five fairly long tentacles, the median being

more posterior and longer than the others. The tips are

articulated, but the articulations are best seen in the external

pair for more than half their length. The eyes are mode-

rately large, black in colour and lie between the two lateral

tentacles. The palpi are stout, short, and fused together,

having a deep notch in front aud a deep groove ventrally.

The dorsal pits mentioned in the Monograph fF are not

present.

In well-grown specimens the body measures 6-8 inches

long, but the largest specimen of this collection measures

only a little over 3inches. It is very little tapered anteriorly,

- but posteriorly the body diminishes gradually to the tail,

where it ends in two long slender caudal cirri, which are

situated below the anus. The first segment is very broad,

with well-marked lateral notches on each side and having its

front edge concave from side to side ventrally. The second

segment, however, is very narrow and bears the tentacular

cirri, which are two in number and which, slightly crenulated

in appearance, are tapered, but are not so long nor so strong-

looking as the tentacles.

None of the annelids show an extruded proboscis which,

as elsewhere shown, has a strong pair of maxille, each of

which articulates with a spatulate process posteriorly.

Moreover, the dental plates are powerful and each has seven

teeth, the largest in front. The mandibles also are

strong, the anterior edge being denticulated and the oral

plate which, as usual, is most extensive ventrally, is white tf.

The colour is pale brown, the dorsum being darker in hue

than the ventrum, while at the sides the branchiz, bleached

in the spirit-specimens of this collection, appear as bright

* Vide ‘ Monograph,’ vol. ii. part ii. p. 436.

t Vide ‘ Monograph,’ vol. ii. part ii. p. 436.

{ Vide ‘ Monograph,’ vol. ii. part ii. p. 437,

302 Mr. J. W. Pryde on Annelida Polycheta

red patches in the living forms, The branchiz have divisions

which vary with the body-segments, but various abnormalities

occur from injury and subsequent partial reproduction.

The spines on the feet in adult examples are black, but in

young forms they may be yellow or brown. They are

tapered gently from the base to the tip, which is slightly

hooked. The tips also are often abraded. The specimens

containing ova were obtained in June and July.

Eunice floridana, Pourtales, 1869.

Only three fragments having the anterior region are

present in the collection. They were trawled in September

1906 at Station 9, lat. 61° 34’ N., long. 2° 4’ E., but, unfor-

tunately, no depth appears on the label. However, from

other accounts this species is found in deep water, for in

1869 the ‘ Porcupine’ dredged large examples in 173 fathoms

between Galway and the Porcupine Bank, and F. Buchanan

obtained examples at 200 fathoms 50 miles off Bolus Head,

Kerry. It ranges to Sand Key, Florida, Gulf of Gascoigne,

south of Cap St. Maira di Leuca, Norway ; but no mention

of it is made by Izuka in his ‘ Hrrantiate Polycheta’ of

Japan.

The palpi are massive, separated by a notch in front, and

have a deep ventral groove which is more distinct than that

of E. norvegica. The tentacles, too, are much stouter than

those of E. norvegica, but the articulations are not so distinct.

The median tentacle is well marked, being much longer than

the lateral tentacles, the outside pair of which are somewhat

short in all three examples. The eyes are intensely black

and easily seen.

As no specimen is entire, no length can be given for body-

measurement ; but the Monograph states :—“ Body 6-8 ins.

long and about 4 mm. broad in front, very little tapered

anteriorly, but posteriorly diminishing to a slender tail with

two cirri. Segments 100-150.” ‘The first segment is very

broad, but the second is narrower than the third and bears

two tentacular cirri, which are finely pointed and which reach

forward to the base of the palpi. The tips have no

crenations.

One of the specimens is laden with ova, which appear at

three different places—(a) segments 11-17, (6) segments 29-

38, and (c¢) segments 85-91—which have a dark purplish

iridescent colour, not unlike that of some of the Hesionidie.

The species, according to the Monograph, inhabits parch-

ee eee

from the North Sea and adjacent parts. 303

ment-like tubes often on Lophohelia and Amphihelia; but

no tubes were taken in the trawl in which the present

specimens were obtained.

Eunice fasciata, Risso, 1826.

At Station 23 a, lat. 59° 51’ N., long. 1° 12’ E., and at a

depth of 115 m., three incomplete specimens of this species

were trawled in the month of July 1906. This annelid,

however, is found in the neighbourhood of Guernsey *, off

the Hebrides, off Inverary. J. G. Jeffreys found it in

160 fathoms 55 miles west of Valentia, Ireland. It was

obtained in the ‘ Porcupine’ and ‘ Challenger’ Expeditions,

and was procured by De Quatrefages and De St. Joseph off

the shores of France. There is, however, no record of it

having been found in Japanese waters.

The head is small when compared with that of E. norve-

gica or E. floridana, and bears two massive palpi, which are

fused at the base and are separated by a deep notch in front.

The tip and the ventral surface, which has a deep groove, are

much lighter in colour than the rest of the body. There are

five tentacles, which are fairly long, taper very slightly

towards the tip, and have transverse bars where the crena-

tions appear. The longest is the median one, and behind it

are two pale-coloured spots, while in front there is another

spot ; but those mentioned by the Monograph as occurring

at the base of the lateral tentacles are absent. The eyes are

at the base of inner (posterior) paired tentacles.

The adults of this species attain a length of from 6 to

9 inches, and are russet-brown in colour, which is deeper on

the dorsum than on the ventrum. The dorsal blood-vessel

appears as a very dark streak, and white patches occur near

the bases of the feet. None of the present specimens show

iridescence. The body tapers to the posterior end, where it

terminates in two moderately long anal cirri, which, like the

tentacles, have transverse bars and are somewhat crenated in

appearance. On the second segment the tentacular cirri

arise, and reach forward to the bases of the palpi. The

cirri are more finely tapered than the tentacles, but in the

specimens of this collection there are no transverse olive-

coloured bars as are mentioned in the Monograph f.

The proboscis is not extruded in any, but is armed with

strong chocolate-coloured maxille. Prof. M‘Intosh adds:

* Vide ‘ Monograph,’ vol. ii. part il. p. 440.

t Vide § Monograph,’ vol. ii. part ii. p. 426.

304 Mr. J. W. Pryde on Annelida Polycheta

“The left maxillary plate has seven teeth, the right six.”’

The mandibles, too, are powerful. The feet are in agree-

ment with the typical foot *, and the specimens were not

mature.

Eunice vittata, Della Chiaje, 1829.

Specimens of this annelid were taken along with Hyali-

necia tubicola at the following two stations :—

=a Ree ae

| 25-8-1906 | 59 16 62° N., 6° 12’ W. | 195 m. | Sm. Trawl. | LB

9-6-1908 | 202 | 16a {61° 49’ N., 5°36’ W.| 195 m. | Sm. Trawl. ue

| |

It has a wide distribution, but is chiefly a southern form.

It has been found in Guernsey in 15 fathoms, off the shores

of France (De St. Joseph), at Madeira (Langerhaus), Medi-

terranean (Delle Chiaje, Grube, Claparéde) Japan (Moore &

Jzuka), Adventure Bank (‘ Porcupine,’ 1870), and at Cape

Verde Islands (Khlers).

The head is fairly large and is evenly rounded in front,

due to the fusion of the palpi, which have a deep ventral

groove. There are five tentacles, which are given in the

Monograph as smooth, but which are crenated near the tips

in both the present specimens. ‘The median is very much

longer than the other four, whilst the infero-laterals are a

little more than half the length of the superior. The eyes

are large and black and occupy the same position as those of

E. fasciata.

The body is about 2-3 inches long, and is very slender and

tapers towards the tail. The first two segments are devoid

of feet, and the first segment is about five times the breadth

of the second, which is narrower than the succeeding and

bears two fairly long, slender, tentacular cirri. The cirri,

unlike the tentacles, have no crenations. Posteriorly the

body-walls are very thin, and the intestine and its contents

can be seen quite distinctly. The contents appear to be in

the form of little faecal packets which are discharged from

the anus. Prof. M‘Intosh thinks that the thin walls probably

aid in respiration. The specimens have a pale reddish-

brown colour, which deepens at the anterior border of each

* WFide ‘Monograph,’ vol. ii. part il. pl. lxxiv. figs. 7-7 6.

from the North Sea and adjacent parts. 305

segment, and thus dark brown transverse dorsal streaks

appear at regular intervals. Behind these streaks, which

are very narrow, there are others which are white. Towards

the tail region the colour is of a pale flesh hue, which is

enlivened by the dark green feecal packets.

The foot is quite typical, and good drawings may be seen

in pl. Ixxiv. figs. 10-10 (b) of vol. ii. part ii. of the ‘ Mono-

graph.’ The bristles, too, are characteristic of the species,

but had nothing of peculiar interest. The specimens were

not mature, and one of them had a small portion of a tube

attached to it. The tube appeared to have been formed from

a mucous secretion which had been covered with very fine

sand-particles, amongst which were very minute portions of

shells.

From the Monograph * Lo Bianco gives September as the

month in which Neapolitan examples are mature.

This annelid resembles many of the Hesionide in being

very writable and vivacious, and breaks when much inter-

fered with.

Genus Marpnysa, De Quatrefages, 1865.

One specimen of Marphysa belli, Audouin & Edwards,

was obtained at Station 184, lat. 60°57’ N., long. 5° 47’ W.,

and at a depth of 384 m., along with several fragments of

Marphysa sanguinea, Montague ; but unfortunately the

examples were lost when the laboratory took fire. A full

account of both, however, can be had from Prof. M‘Intosh’s

‘ Monograph,’ vol. 11. part ii. pp. 442-451,

Subfamily Onvpurpipz.

Genus Onvupuis, Audouin & Edwards, 1834.

Onuphis britannica, M‘Intosh, 1903.

This species, when compared with O. conchylega, Sars,

and Hyalinecia tubicola, O. F. M., occurs in very small num-

bers, and the following table gives the details of the hauls :—

Date. “Hl Station. Locality. | Depth. | Apparatus. | Number obtained,

Lb Mic... ola

9-7-1908 | 9537 9 | 61° 34’ N., 294’ E. | 293 m. Fry Net. 5 fragments,

13-7-1908 | 1471! ... | Loch Aber. | 149m. | Dredge. 22 plus fragments,

No label. | £ young forms,

Vide ‘ Monograph,’ vol. ii. part ii, p. 434,

306 Mr. J. W. Pryde on Annelida Polycheta

It has also been found off S.W. Ireland, North Unst,

Shetland, Valentia, in Donegal Bay, and at Plymouth.

Examples found in Ceylon and given as O. conchylega by

Dr. Willey are found to resemble those at Plymouth, and so

should more correctly be called O. britannica. No record of

this annelid is given in ‘Challenger’ Reports, in Izuka’s

‘Errantiate Polycheta of Japan, nor in Friedrich Eulen-

stein’s ‘ Ueber Onuphiden der Nordsee.’

The head bears in front two lobate tentacles, which are

hardly as long as those of O. conchylega. Behind are situated

five long tapering tentacles which arise from ringed cirro-

phores. The median, situated on the dorsal mid-line, is the

longest and is most posterior in position. In front of it in

several specimens is a well-marked black spot. On each side

and a little in front of it are two lateral tentacles, of which

the inner are the longer, and at the bases of which are the

eyes, which are fairly large and black in colour. The palpi,

ventral in position and considerably flattened, are separated

by a median fissure, which widens as it extends from the

base to the tip of the palpi.

In some of the smaller forms the body resembles that of

the Hesionide. It tapers anteriorly, but more so posteriorly,

and has about forty segments. The peristomial segment,

carrying the tentacular cirri which arise from the centre of

the segment, is very narrow and has two black specks at the

bases of the cirri, which are not ringed and are slender when

compared with the tentacles. The black specks continue to

the tenth feet, but gradually fade after the commencement

of the branchiz, which continue as single filaments almost

to the tip of the tail, The body is rounded dorsally, espe-

cially in the anterior region, and flattened ventrally, while a

fairly deep median groove runs from head to tail on the

ventral surface. When this groove is examined under a

microscope the nerve-cord is found beneath it, and near the

posterior end of the segment the cord swells out and forms

little ganglia. In colour the ventral surface is lighter than

the dorsal, and between the ganglia and at the bases of the

feet there are whitish patches. The general colour is pale

brownish, with an iridescent lustre, but posteriorly this

colour is lost owing to the feces which appear under the

thin body-wall as dark green masses. The body ends in

two caudal cirri which arise beneath a dilated anus which

is present in only a few specimens,

from the North Sea and adjacent parts. 307

The proboscis with its armature, the feet taken from

various parts of the body, and the typical bristles of the

species are well shown and described in vol. ii. part ii. of the

Monograph *,

The feces were found to be in packets, and the masses

contained pieces of tissue, sponge-spicules, and vegetable

matter, which probably gives the green colour to the

packets. In the gut of those examined no trace of sand

was found.

Several were females and contained ova which are fairly

large. The ova were single, and each had a thick trans-

parent zona, which, when examined under the high power of

a microscope, was studded with an infinite number of small

pores. The contents of the cases were yellow in colour

bel. XVI. fie, 1).

This annelid is a tubicolar form, and each tube differs

from its neighbour in design, but all are composed of the

tough translucent secretion of the glands, strengthened by

pieces of shell, or sometimes attached to an entire valve of

Pecten. According to Mr. Arnold Watson, the animals

carry about their tubes in caterpillar fashion.

The first foot of the young form resembles that of the

adult, and both cirri are well developed, the dorsal being

much stouter than the ventral. Numerous strong yellow

spines support the foot, and four or five falcate bristles with

bifid tips project beyond the skin. In reference to the first

foot of the adult, the Monograph states: “though the tip of

only one bristle projects beyond the skin, others are included

in the tissues.” The bristles are winged and the folds of

the two wings unite, forming a complete tip.

When the tenth feet are compared very little difference is

seen. The foot of the adult has cirri, branchiz, spines, and

bristles more strongly developed than those of the young

form ; but in both the brush-shaped bristles are almost

identical in size. The same applies to the feet in the poste-

rior regions of both young and adult. One young Nephihys

ciliata was taken along with this species.

* ‘Monograph,’ vol. ii. part ii. pl. Ixiii. figs. 7-7 d, pl. Ixv. fig. 13,

pl. Ixxv. fig. 5, and pl. Ixxxiv, figs. 5-3 ¢.

508 Mr. J. W. Pryde on Annelida Polycheeta

Onuphis conchylega, Sars, 1835.

This species was found abundantly at many stations, as

the following table shows :—

Date. Haul. | Station. Locality. Depth. | Apparatus. | Number obtained.

20-7-1905 | 3439 88 [58°34 N., 0°47’ E.| 112 m. | Fry Net. 6 and | fragment.

17-8-1905 | 3609 38 58° 34’ N., 0°47’ E. | 137 m. | 8. mesh Net.| 13 and sev. frags.

| 27-7-1906 45 | 23a |59°51’N., 1912’ E.,| 115 m. | Sm. Trawl. | 11,

4-9-1906 | 61 7 61° 06’ N., 2° 1’ E.| 134 m. | Sm. Trawl. | 59.

98-8-1907 | 8224 7 61° 06’ N., 2° 1’ E.| 131 m. | Fry Net. 45 and 52 tubes.

| 13-7-1908 | 147 Ba Loch Aber. | 4S san Cora 46 and sev. frags.

Tube with no label. 27 and 31 tubes.

Tube with no label. | 23.

Tube with no label. (Sand 1f ragment.

It was dredged by H.M.S. ‘ Triton’ in 608 fathoms in the

Atlantic, and obtained off Tynemouth in 40 fathoms by

Prof. G. 8S. Brady. It ranges to Norway, Greenland, Fin-

mark, Nova Zembla, and the American coast. Numerous

examples have been found from 98 to 325 fathoms off

Florida. Prof. Izuka records it in Japanese waters, having

procured it at Yodomi in Sagami Bay and in Suruga Bay

(‘ Albatross’). The ° Challenger’ dredged it off Cape St.

Vincent in 900 fathoms, and also south of Halifax in

85 fathoms. From the tables given by HEulenstein this

annelid is very abundant in the northern latitudes of the

German North Sea, as well as in the North Sea waters off

the east coast of Scotland.

The head resembles that of O. britannica in outline, but

the frontal tentacles are more rounded and have pigment

behind them. ‘The eyes, too, are smaller and lhe exterior to

the bases of the posterior lateral tentacles, which, like those

of O. britannica, are larger than the anterior laterals. The

median tentacle is the longest, and at its base in several

examples there is a dark pigment speck. All the tentacles

from the North Sea and adjucent parts. 309

arise from ringed cirrophores, which are not so large as

those of O. britannica. The palpi are flattened, but have

more rounded tips than those of O, britannica. ‘They are

separated by a median fissure.

The body is like that of O. britannica, but in many cases

is not so broad. There are from 50-70 segments, and the

narrowest is the peristomial segment, which bears the ten-

tacular cirri towards its anterior dorsal border. ‘The tenta-

cular cirri are very short and translucent in appearance,

None showed an extruded proboscis, a full description of which

will be found on p. 412, vol. ii. part 11., of the Monograph.

The segment following the peristomium is also narrow and

carries the first pair of feet, which do not reach so far

forward as those of O. britannica. The feet of the specimens

of this collection agree with those described by Prof.

M‘Intosh. In most the branchiz arise on the twelfth foot,

but in several, however, they arise on the eleventh foot.

They are simple processes, with an occasional accessory

filament, and continue backward almost to the tail. When

contrasted with those of O. britannica, the branchiz are

smaller and the dorsal cirri are more conical in outline and

diminish from before backward.

Most of the tubes in this collection are formed from coarse

gravel and minute stones of all colours fixed to a lining of

the secretion, which becomes white and hard as an inner

coating of the tube. The tubes are in many eases very

much longer than the aunelids, and often the posterior

aperture is closed. Some specimens, however, have tubes

which resemble those of O. dritannica, but, instead of whole

shells being ased, only fragments are taken along with small

stones or gravel.

In no case were parasites, external or internal, found, and

the feeces when examined were similar to that of O. britannica.

Hyalinecia tubicola, O. F. Miller, 1788.

This annelid is by far the most numerous in this North

Sea collection, and outnumbers all the others taken together.

Many forms of interest occur, some with eyes, some without

eyes, aud some whose eyes are, as it were, in an intermediate

state. Again, many young forms scarcely three-fourths

of an inch long are included in the collection, and these

contrast in no small degree with others which measure about

6 inches long. The following is the data showing the

hauls :—

ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv, 21

310 Mr. J. W. Pryde on Annelida Polycheta

Date. Haul. | Station. Locality. Depth. | Apparatus. | Number obtained.

93- 9-1905 | 3823 Between St.10&11. | 110 fms.) Trawl. 5 with tubes.

93— 9-1905 | 8824 Between St. 10&11. | 110 fms.| S. Net Trawl.) 14 with tubes.

4— 5-1906 | 63 6 60° 385’ N., 0° 29’ FE. | 184m. | Sm. Trawl. | 6 with tubes.

17— 6-1906 | 30 214 | 60°02’ N., 3°10’ W.| 160 m. | Sm. Trawl. | 11 with tubes.

19- 6-1906 | 30 21a | 60°02’ N., 3° 10’ W.| 160 m. | Sm. Trawl. | 11 and 12 tubes.

21-— 6-1906 | 81 | Buchan | 57°31’ N.,1°12’ W.| 106 m. | Sm. Trawl. | 29 and 381 tubes.

Deep.

21- 6-1906 | 31 Bachaa 57° 31’ N., 1° 12’ W.| 106 m. | Dredge. 10 and 16 tubes.

Deep

6="7=19064) wes 50. 59° 21’ N., 5° W. 125 m. | Dredge. 7 with tubes.

11— 47-1906 | 39 56 58° 44’ N., 6° W. | 115m. | Sm. Trawl. | 11 and 18 tubes.

12- 7-1906 | 41 54 59° 10’ N., 7° W. 182 m. | Sm. Trawl. | 19 and 18 tubes.

25-— 8-1906 | 59 16 62° N., 6° 12’ W. .| 195 m. | Sm. Trawl. | 23 and 35 tubes.

4—- 9-1906 | 61 "i 61° 06’ N., 2° 1’ E. | 184m. | Sm. Trawl. | 13 and 16 tubes.

20- 9-1906 | ... nae Broad Bay. 11m. | Sm. Trawl. | 3 and 3 tubes.

10-12-1906 | 6821 34 59° 18’ N., 1°03' W.| 97 m. | Fry Net. 103 and 121 tubes. |

10- 8-1907 | 116 ae 60° 23’ N., 1°37’ W.| 102 m. | Sm. Trawl, | 8 and 27 tubes.

1G— 8-1907 | 128 | Farde | 59° 4’ N., 7° 4’ W. | 195 m. | Dredge. 10 with tubes.

Channel.

23- 8-1907 | 131 ws Lunna Holm W. 2 | 99m. | Dredge. 5 with tubes.

miles.

94- 8-1907 | 183 Stanburgh Head | 97m. | Sm. Trawl. | 46 and 53 tubes.

S.W. 3S.

24— 8-1907 | 8162 pe Head | 97 m. Fry Net. 24 and 32 tubes.

.W. 48.

97— 8-1907 | 134 10 61° 35’ N., 0° 47’ E.| 200m. | Dredge. 4 and 2 fragments.

27— 8-1907 | 8191 10 61° 35’ N., 0° 47’ E.| 200 m. | Fry Net. 5 and 10 tubes.

9- 6-1908 | 202 16a | 61°49’ N.,5° 36’ W.| 195 m. | Sm. Trawl. | 124 and 120 tubes.

18-— 6-1908 | 208 ee |). Teecteconae 118 m. | Sm. Trawl. | 42 with tubes.

9— 7-1908 | 9537 9 61° 34’ N., 2° 4’ E. | 293 m. | Fry Net. 39 with tubes.

12- 8-1908 | 165 Sse Moowick Head On fF epee ees 11 and 20 tubes.

N.W. 4 W. Shet.

15- 8-1908 | 169 ee 60° 23/ N.,0° 14’ W.) 110 m. | Sm. Trawl. | 40 with tubes.

15- 8-1908 | 170 ne 60° 23’ N.,0° 14’ W.| 100 m. | Sm. Trawl. | 7 and 15 tubes.

21— 8-1908 | 9846 164 | 61°49" N.,5° 36’ W.| 218 m, | Fry Net 3 and 9 tubes,

14— 9-1909 | 11844 4 59° 26’ N.,0° 20’ W.| 102 m. |-Fry Net 4 and 6 tubes.

3904 40 HTC SANS OSO 1 AWa\ 6 aes. enna mere nee 6 and 8 tubes.

Tube with no label.

were obtained.

Eulenstein, in his ‘ Ueber

records this species from eight stations only, and the numbers

obtained at the separate stations never exceed twenty. At

four of his stations only one or two tubes were taken, while

at Station 6 his greatest number, twenty, was obtained at

182 m. On the other hand, his greatest depth is 300 m., at

which one tube was dredged, while in our investigations

293 m. is the greatest depth, but 39 annelids with tubes_

The greatest haul in this collection was

made at Station 164, when 124 specimens and 120 tubes

were brought to the surface from a depth of 195 m. Again,

it is noteworthy that Eulenstein’s most northerly record is

Onuphiden der Nordsee,’

1 and 7 tubes.

rom the North Sea and adjacent parts. 311

) Pp

61°10' N., 2° 20’ E., while the ¢‘ Goldseeker’s’ corresponding

one is 62° N., 6° 12’ W., and the hauls at these stations are

20 and 23 with 35 tubes respectively.

This species is common in British waters as well as in the

Atlantic and Mediterranean, In 1870 the ‘ Porcupine’

found it in 795 fathoms in the Atlantic, and in 1876 the

‘Challenger’ dredged the same form off Buenos Ayres coast,

South America, in 600 fathoms. Marion, one of the French

investigators, thought it both rare and small at Marseilles.

It, however, extends to the shores of France, Siberia, Norway,

Azores, South America, New Zealand, Torres Straits, and

Canary Islands, while Moore and Izuka both record it in

Japanese waters.

The outline of the head agrees with that of O. conchylega,

but the frontal tentacles are somewhat longer, contracted at

the base, swollen in the mid-region, and more pointed at the

tip. Behind are five long tentacles, which arise from ringed

cirrophores and which are smooth and taper to fairly tine

points. The median again js longest. In many specimens

there is a pair of eyes situated at the bases of the more

posterior lateral tentacles. Hulenstein remarks, “ Auszer

bei jungen Exemplaren war am Grunde der hinteren paarigen

Tentakeln je ein Auge zu erkennen” ; but not only are the

eyes absent in young examples, but most of the adult speci-

mens of this coliection do not possess them. Prof. M‘Intosh,

however, states in his description of this species “ No eyes,”

and yet pl. lxiv. figs. 5 & 5a show specimens with eyes

present. The palpi are bulbous and have a ventral median

furrow.

The body is typical and is eomposed of about 130-140

segments in the adult condition, while in several young

forms the number of segments only reached about 50. The

dorsum is reunded, while the ventrum is flatter and is

traversed by a median groove which is deeper in the anterior

region than in the posterior region. The colour is iridescent

reddish brown, the hue becoming lighter from before back-

ward. In several examples which are laden with ova the

posterior region from the thirty-sixth bristled segment is

yellow in colour, due to the masses of ova underlying the

thin body-wall. The first segment is narrower than the

succeeding and is smoothly rounded from side to side. The

body ends in a somewhat flattened tail, the last segment of

which is ovoid, with the anus dorsal in position, and from its

hind edge arise two long, slender, anal cirri.

The proboscis is identical with the description given in

the Monograph and agrees with the British rather than with

abe

312 Mr. J. W. Pryde on Annelida Polycheta

the ‘ Challenger’ forms. The second segment is broad and

bears the first pair of feet, which are much stouter than

those of O. britannica or O. conchylega. They are directed

forwards and in some specimens reach almost to the frontal

tentacles. Their tips have disc-like processes, which are

poorly developed in many of the young forms. The first

feet in the young forms are broad in comparison with their

length, and the cirri are relatively longer than in the adult

specimens. The posterior subulate papilla which springs

from behind the disc-shaped flap at the tip of the foot in the

adult examples is very rudimentary, and in some cases

absent in the young forms. ‘The feet in both are supported

by three or four stout yellow spines, while the bristles, only

one or two appearing above the surface in the young speci-

mens, are strongly hooked at the tips, beneath which are

well-developed secondary processes.

The tenth foot is very much smaller than the first, and

toward the tail the feet become smaller still. The dorsal

cirrus, however, is very large, fusiform in shape, and tapers

toward the tip, while the ventral cirrus only appears as a

ventral pad. The same condition holds good for the young

forms. Three or four spines again support the setigerous

region of the feet, from which dorsally there project one or

two long bristles with winged and tapering tips, besides a

group of brush-shaped ones. The papilla at the posterior

border of the tip is lanceolate and in the young form is just

a mere excrescence. The terminal process has now become

smaller, the disc-shape having become more conical. The

same applies to the young examples.

When the thirtieth foot is reached the dorsal cirrus has

become very slender, and from the inner edge of its base

arises a branchia which is more than twice its length.

Prof. M‘Intosh says that this organ is slightly fusiform in

outline, but in the present examples it presents a somewhat

constricted appearance. The setigerous region is almost

round, and in none is there a papilla present at the tip.

Posterior to this foot the branchiz diminish in size; but, as

the Monograph remarks, “the arrangement of the bristles

and hooks remain the same.”

The tubes are translucent horny objects resembling

quills, which, according to recent investigations, the animals

drag after them. Their composition has not yet been

definitely agreed upon, but some eminent chemists think

that the substance is allied to mucin. At both ends of the

tubes there are apertures which are closed by valves and

which do not allow the contained fluid to escape until they

from the North Sea and adjacent parts. 313

are forcibly pressed or cut open. Arnold Watson says that

the valve at the anterior end is V-shaped, and this I find to

be correct in all the tubes of this collection. Sometimes,

however, this anterior valve may be double, and where this

is so the valves do not appear so strong and tough as when

they are single—that is, when there is only one pair present,

for each valve is composed of two parts. The posterior

valve, however, varies in shape, and in many adults is seen

as a series of single valves which form one large zigzag

valve (Pl. XVI. figs. 5-6). In some (and especially young)

forms it appears as a double V-shaped valve, similar to that

found in the anterior region of the tube (Pl. XVI. fig. 4).

The double V-shaped valves are very thick and much more

Opaque than the rest of the tube and other valves. The

valves, as Watson remarks, are no doubt for protection and

are automatically closed by the inrush of sea-water. If

there were no valves the animal would be open at front and

rear to attacks from its enemies, and although it might be

able to defend itself from frontal onslaughts, yet from attacks

in the rear it would be defenceless, owing to its inability to

turn in its tube and owing to the stiffaess of the tube itself.

Possibly this is why the valve system at the posterior end is

much more complicated than at the anterior end. As

Watson and others have ascertained from living examples

kept in captivity, the tubes are elongated at the anterior end

as the animals grow. Again, Izuka remarks on the thinness

of the anterior in comparison with the posterior end, but

this is due to the former being lengthened, while the latter

is thickened and strengthened. The tubes are V-funnel-

shaped, the anterior opening being much larger than the

posterior one, and in adult specimens and often in fairly

large young forms the tubes are beautifully ornamented, the

oruamentations being the marks left by the pre-existing

valves, which are removed by the animals when they increase

their tubes. Watson, moreover, found from his experiments

that the animals could renew and even replace the valves

when damaged or cut off. However, when the valves are

entirely removed more than once, the animals take longer

each time to replace them, and often the task is too great

and proves fatal. It is said that a tube can be secreted in a

day, but Watson found that it took twelve hours to repair

the damage done to the valves alone. In the young forms

the valves and tubes are very thin and quite transparent.

As regards reproduction, many ripe females were taken in

the month of June, but no ripe males occur. The ova are

fairly large, 0°24 mm. (De St. Joseph), have a porous zona

314. On Annelida Polychaeta from the North Sea &e.

radiata, are shed singly and not in masses, and each is en-

cased in a thick semitransparent horny or chitinous case.

The cases, when viewed under high power, have a pitted

appearance, which is possibly due to the presence of small

apertures (Pl. XVI. fig. 1). The egg-contents are yellow

aud heterogeneous in appearance, and the disposition of the

ova is better seen in the posterior region, where the body-

walls are much thinner, and consequently more transparent.

From the thirty-sixth segment backward they are densely

massed together and impart a yellowish hue to the posterior

region, which is slightly stouter than the anterior. Along

the dorsal surface in many specimens the ova are arranged

in three dense lines, the middle occupying the median dorsal

line and the laterals taking up position immediately above

the dorsal portion of the feet; but toward the tip of the

tail this formation is lost. When the ventral surface is

examined the ova are found to be much more scattered, but

in the caudal region they are more compactly packed

together. At the bases of the feet, from the thirty-fourth

or thirty-fifth backward, on the ventral surface the segmental

openings are increased in size and become cup-shaped in

appearance. ‘The openings are large and conspicuous, and a

needle can be inserted into them quite easily ; but near the

extreme posterior end of the body the openings diminish im

size and are only seen with difficulty. When the body is

slightly stroked from before backwards and pressed in the

middle region the ova burst forth in abundance from these

aforesaid openings. As this condition of the segmental

openings only occurs in mature specimens, and as the ova

when the body is pressed burst from these openings, oue

must conclude that it is by their means that the ova are

shed into the exterior world. Moreover, in no instance were

the body-walls found to be ruptured, although several writers

are inclined to think this occurs when the ova are being

shed.

No internal nor external parasites were found. Along

with many of the examples of this species were dredged

several examples of Sagztta.

Bibliography.

Evbensteiy. 1914. “Ueber Onuphiden der Nordsee.” Wissenschaft-

liche Meeresuntersuchungen herausgegeben von der Kommission

zur wissenschattlichen Untersuchung der deutschen Meere in Kiel

und der Biologischen Anstalt auf Helgoland.

On Coleoptera of the Genus Azarelius. 315

Hemwen. 1911. ‘Die Nephthydeen und Lycorideen der Nord- und

Ostsee.’

IzukaA. 1912. ‘The Errantiate Polycheta of Japan.’

MatMGREN, 1865, ‘ Nordiska Hafs-Annulater,’ Stockholm.

M‘Inrosu. 1874. Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. ix. part 7. “On British

Annelida.”

—. 1885. ‘Challenger’ Reports, Zoology, vol. xii. “Annelida

Polycheeta.”

—. 1908. ‘Monograph of British Annelida.—Polycheta,’ vol. ii.

part 1.

——. 1910. ‘Monograph of British Annelida.—Polycheta, vol. ii.

part ii.

Watson. 1903. Trans. Liverpool Biol. Soc. vol. xvii. ‘‘ Observations

on the Habits of the Onuphidid and on the Internal Structures

with which they Fortify their Homes.”

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVI.

. Ovum and zona of Onuphis britannica, Zeiss obj. D, oc. 2.

. Peculiar faleate bristle from first foot of young form of yali-

necia tubicola, Enlarged.

. 3. Winged bristle from tenth foot of Hyalineciatubicola. Enlarged.

Fig. 4. Posterior end of tube of Hyalinecia tubicola, showing double

V-shaped valve. Taken from young form.

Fig. 5, Diagram showing action of the protective valves, v', v’, v'’’, at

the posterior end of tube of Hyalinecia tubicola, The arrow

indicates the inrush of sea-water closing the valve. (After

Watson.)

Fig. 6. Diagram showing position of the sam valves when the worm

emerges in the direction of the arrow. The valve-membrane

bulges in the opposite direction. (After Watson.)

Birt

“ig.

OTA

XXXVI.— Notes on Coleoptera of the Genus Azarelius,

Lairm, (Tenebrionide), with Descriptions of new Species.

By K. G. Buarr.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

zarelius tenuicornis, sp. n.

Castaneous, subnitid; the antenneare rather slender, their

length about equal to that of the thorax together with twice

the length of the head; joints 8-10 feebly transverse ; the

joints are obconical, feebly punctate, and with few sete.

The thorax has the costee moderately prominent and con-

spicuously punctate ; the interstices very coarsely and closely

punctate. ‘The elytral coste are punctate, as the thoracic

coste, the fourth is very short, the rest all extending well on

to the declivity ; the seventh and eighth are united just

before the apex, and the sixth and second enclose the rather

shorter fifth and third.

316 On Coleoptera of the Genus Azarelius.

Leneth 4 mm.

Hab. Burma’: Karen Mts. (Doherty). Two specimens

in the British Museum.

This species is very close to sculptico/lis, Fairm., from

Sumatra. It differs in its smaller size, its longer and more

slender antenne (in scu/pticollis the latter are scarcely longer

than the head and thorax together, and all the joints except

the first and third are more or less transverse), and these two

differ from the other described species in their less compact

antenna, the joints of which are plainly punctured and

sparsely setose, in their subopaque surface, with the carinee,

both thoracic and elytral, plainly punctate, as well as in the

densely :ugosely punctate intervals of the thorax.

Azareltus oberthiiri, Wasm.

Of this species the British Museum possesses one of the

original examples taken by Fea at Palon, Pegu, Aug. and

Sept. 1887. It possesses characters not noticed by Wasmann

either in his figure or description, viz., the fifth costate inter-

stice is abbreviated a little beyond the middle of the elytron,

and the seventh and eighth coste are confluent and con-

tinued together for some little distance before the apex. A

specimen from the Shan States, 1888, otherwise similar, has

the fifth costa continued on to the declivity and the seventh

and eighth not confluent before the apex. Having only the

two specimens before me, I hesitate to describe this as new,

since the peculiarities of the Palon specimen may possibly

be merely individual.

Azarelius bryaniz, sp. n.

Verysimilar to oberthiri, Wasm., but much more nitid. The

thoracic coste are more tumid, the interspaces in the anterior

half shining and almost free of punctures, but in the poste-

rior half they have a few large indistinct punctures. The

antennze are very nitid, stouter than in oberthtiri, joints 7-10

more strongly transverse. The coste of the elytra are more

strongly raised, more nitid, and nos. 7 and 8 are united for

about the last quarter of their length ; the fourth costa is

extremely short, not extending beyond the second puncture

of the fourth interstice.

Length 5 mm.

fqab. SARAWAK: Matang, 3. xii. 13 (G. EH. Bryant).

A single specimen was brought back by Mr. Bryant from

his recent trip to Borneo, and this he has generously pre-

sented to the British Museum.

On new Species of Pyrochroide from Borneo. 317

XXXVII.— Two new Species of Pyrochroide (Coleoptera)

from Borneo. By K. G. Buarr.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In a collection of Coleoptera recently brought back by

Mr. G. E. Bryant from Borneo are two new species of

Pyrochroide ; and since only three species of this family,

including the doubtful genus Jscha/ia, have hitherto been

known from the island, it may perhaps be as well to describe

them. The types have been generously presented by

Mr. Bryant to the British Museum,

Pseudopyrochroa moultont, sp. n.

Black, with the exception of the elytra, of which the basal

two-thirds are red. The junction between the black and red

is rather suffused, but the black patch extends forwards as a

narrow costal strip beyond the middle of the elytron. The

elytra are separately rounded at the tips and strongly costate

or striped.

The head of the male is deeply excavate between the eyes,

the sides of the excavation being almost parallel and slightly

curved, and its cavity filled with dark brown hairs. The

antenne have the first two joints rather shiny, the rest

opaque and velvety. The first joint is strongly inerassate,

the second sublentate within; the third and succeeding

joints stout, thickened towards the apex, so as to form a stout

lobe within, while from the underside of the apex arises a

slender branch (cf. P. diversicornis, Blr., Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. (8) xiii. pl. xii. fig. 10).

The antenne of the female are stouter, the first two joints

scarcely less velvety than the rest; the third to tenth are

produced within into stout but successively longer apical

branches.

Length 9-13 mm.

Hab. Mt. Matang, Lundu, Kuching, Mt. Sibau.

a Ps, apicipennis, Blr., which is the only other de-

served Bornean species with a similar type of coloration, it is

distinguished by the elytra being flatter and strongly dehiscent

at the apex, more strongly striped, and by the different size

and shape of the apical black patch. In my key to this genus

(Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xiii. p. 319) it should be placed

next to obseuricoll’s, Pic, but from this it differs in the struc-

ture of the antenne in the male, in the form of the frontal

318 On new Species of Pyrochroidee from Borneo.

excavation (in obscuricollis the sides of this almost meet in the

middle), in the more strongly striped elytra, and in the rather

larger and more sharply defined black apical patch. The

latter character is remarkably constant in the series of eight

specimens that I have seen.

I had before received the species for identification from

Mr. J. C. Moulton of the Sarawak Museum, and was of

opinion that it was merely a colour-variety of Ps. malaccana,

Pic, from Perak; but an examination of a longer series, of

both sexes, convinces me of its specific distinction. ‘The

structure of the antennz in the male is almost identical, but

the frontal excavation in malaccana has the sides much more

convergent in the middle, the elytra are less distinctly costate

or striped, and the apical patch is less extensive, its margin

more suffused, &c.

It is interesting to note that while species of this type have

been described in some numbers from Perak, this is the first

one of the group to be recorded trom Borneo, the other two

Bornean species, fulvipennis, Blr., and apicipennis, Blr.,

having the suture intact almost to the apex.

Ischalia bryant, sp. n.

Near zndigacea, Pase. The head is dark reddish, with

faint’ metallic blue reflections, the antenna comparatively

short and stout, about half the length of the insect, the joints

successively shorter from the third to the tenth, and each

distinctly thickened from the base to the apex. The first two

joints are concolorous with the head, third to eighth black

with dark blue reflections, ninth to eleventh pale fulvous.

The thorax is similar to that of indigacea, but more con-

tracted behind, more evenly arcuate in front, widest in front

of the middle, and ferruginous in colour. The elytra are

greenish blue instead of purplish blue, broader, with the

submarginal carina more elevated and nearer the middle of

the elytron. The internal humeral carina is very short and

coalesces with the submarginal. The legs are stout, and with

the underside black with metallic bluish reflections.

Length 8 mm.

Hab. Mt. Matang, Sarawak, 2000 feet, 8. ii. 14.

A single specimen.

This beautiful species is at once distinguished from its

other Bornean congener J. indigacea, Pasc., which was taken

abundantly by Mr. Bryant, by its stouter build and its

reddish thorax.

EE eee ee

A Key to the Species of the Genus Crypturus. 319

XXXVIIIL—A Key to the Species of the Genus Orypturus,

with Descriptions of some new Forms. By Lorp Bra-

BOURNE, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U., and CHARLES CHUBB, F.Z.S.,

M.B.O.U.

Key to the Species.

A. Upper and under surface similar in colour.

a’. Head chestnut; back brown ........ C. cinereus.

b’. Head rufous brown ; back sooty black. C. macconnelli.

a. Hehd end baelc blak. ,4,...+.+s0%0% C. berlepsehi.

d'. Head black; back chestnut.......... C. castaneus,

B. Undersurface paler than the upper surface,

b'. Back rufous brown; head blackish ;

under surface pale chestnut ........ C. obsoletus obsoletus.

c’. Back ochraceous brown; head blachish

grey; under surface fawn-colour .... C. obsoletus cerviniventris.

d'. Back chestnut-brown ; head dusky

brown; under surface greyish white . C. obsoletus yriseiventris,

e’. Back rich chestnut; head black; throat

washed with rufous,

b”. Under surface cinnamon-rufous.... C. sowt sout.

ce’, Under surface tawny ochraceous .. C. soui mustelinus.

C. Upper surface olive-brown; throat white.

ce’. Under surface umber-brown ........ C. sou albigularis.

d'. Under surface cinuamon-rufous .,.... C. sow hoffmannst.

D. Upper surface blackish; throat more or

less washed with rufous.

d'. Upper parts greyish black; under sur-

face chestnut-umber .............. C. sowt andret.

e’. Upper parts brownish blackish; under

surface bright chestnut ............ C. sout cauce.

f'. Upper surface black; under surface

Goa MCNESHO RE 5) cla date dn a gs oid aan C. sout hartertt.

E. Upper surface coarsely vermiculated or

with wavy bars.

e’, Larger, wing more than 160 mm. ; fore-

neck particoloured.

e’, Fore-neck pale chestnut barred with

Mises fos. Pepeeraricy a ee ry iy C. undulatus undulatus.

f". Fore-neck brown with pale cross-

PATE: Bcd o's a oie Sb es 3 ee C. undulatus scolopax.

g'. Fore-neck vinous brown with minute

bilge cross-bars.. << 2s.<i40 seuss C. undulatus confusus.

f'. Smaller, wing less than 160 mm. ; fore-

Meck NHIMOIM PTOY °.\', ges de careers C. transfasciatus.

F. Upper surface finely freckled.

jf’. Back cinnamon-brown; abdomen dull

white ; flanks pale rufous .......... C. adspersus adspersus,

g'. Back greyish brown; abdomen pale

buff; flanks bright rufous .......... C. adspersus vermiculatus,

h'. Back rufous brown; abdomen buff;

Hanes creamy bulf ©... ...ccaeweeans C. adspersus simplex.

’, Back chestnut-brown; abdomen pale

grey ; flanks pale brown ...... secs’ C. Yapura.

320 Lord Brabourne and Mr. C. Chubb—A Key to

k'. Back sooty brown; abdomen bright

TULOUS: sav coee.: eae his hae eae C. atricapillus.

G. With bars on the upper surface, the bars

restricted to the lower back and tail.

g'. Back chestnut-brown ; breast rufous ;

abdomen barred with dark brown .. C. noctivagus.

h', Back rufous olive-brown ; breast grey ;

abdomen buffy white .)... 0.2). sss. C. strigulosus °.

7’. Back dark olive-brown; breast and ab-

domen ochraceous brown .......... C. columbianus.

H. Entire back barred, but not the neck.

h', Bars narrow; head black; chest pale

TUTOUS sarees Cin tess cies ists spine . C. variegatus variegatus.

z'. Bars broader ; head slate- -grey.

kh. Chest dull tutous <2. Ses ee eee .. C. variegatus bimaculatus.

i’. Chest brownish......... seceveeee C. variegatus salvini.

JI, Back olive with blackish bars.

z'. Sides of face and chin rufous ........ C. brevirostris.

k'. Sides of face dusky and chin white .. C. bartletti bartletti.

K. Back black barred with greenish olive .. C. bartlettt carolt.

L. Back dark brown with pale buff bars.... C. cinmamomeus spencet.

M. Underparts for the greater portion rufous,

m', Chest slate-grey, in contrast with the

breast: (hhroatrulousis. eee eee C. dissimilis.

n'. Chest grey washed with rufous similar

to the breast; throat white ........ C. erythropus.

N. Under surface for the most part grey.

n’. Back uniform bright rufous-brown ;

fore-neck, breast, sides of body, and

axillaries pale ash-grey ; inner under

wing-coverts paler ...02%Jsee iis. ss C. strigulosus 3.

o'. Back dark brown with a wash of slate-

colour; fore-neck, breast, sides of

body, and axillaries dark slate-grey ;

inner under wing-coverts darker .... C. hellmayri,

Crypturus macconnelli, sp. n.

Adult. Similar to C. cinereus, but distinguished by having

the head rufous brown and the back sooty black.

Total length 270 mm.; culmen 29; wing 174; tail 40;

tarsus 50.

Le. Bonasica, British Guiana.

‘Type in McConnell collection.

Crypturus sout albigularis, subsp. n.

Adult. Differs from C. sout sout in being olive-brown

above, including the back, wings, and tail, and having the

head and sides of the face dark grey, the throat white, and

the breast and abdomen ochraceous brown.

Total length 240 mm.; culmen 21; wing 137; tail 40;

taisus 37.

Loc. Rio de Janeiro.

J'ype in the British Museum.

the Species of the Genus Crypturus. 321

Crypturus soui hoffmannsi, subsp. n.

Adult female. Distinguished from C. sout sout by having

the upper parts olive-brown, the throat white, aud the under

surface cinnamon-rufous,.

Total length 215 mm.; culmen 21; wing 132 ; tail 34;

tarsus 38.

Loc, Humaytha, Rio Madeira.

Type in Rothschild Museum at Tring.

Crypturus sout andret, subsp. n.

Adult female. Differs from C. sout sout by having the

upper surface greyish black and the underparts chestnut-

umber.

Total length 240 mm.; culmen 24; wing 136; tail 36;

tarsus 35.

Loc. Trinidad.

Type in Rothschild Museum at Tring.

Crypturus sout harterti, subsp. n.

Adult female. Distinguished from C. sou sout in being

everywhere darker, head without any shade of grey, throat

tinged with grey, and the abdomen deep chestnut.

Total length 220:mm.; culmen 22; wing 130; tail 42;

tarsus 39.

Loc. Vaqueria, N. Ecuador.

Type in Rothschild Museum at Tring.

Crypturus undulatus confusus, subsp. n.

Adult female. Distinguished from C. undulatus undulatus

by having the forehead slate-grey, sides of face vinous

brown, fore-neck vinous brown minutely barred with black,

and the back barred with deep vinous chestnut.

Total length 301 mm.; culmen 31; wing 180; tail 53;

tarsus 48.

Loc. Humaytha, Rio Madeira.

‘Type in Rothschild Museum at Tring.

Crypturus bartletti carol’, subsp. n.

Adult female. Distinguished from C. bartletti bartletti by

having the back black with narrow fulvous cross-bars, the

bars on the tail inclining to rufescent buff, the hind neck

blackish, the fore-neck darker than in the type form, and the

breast rufescent buff,

322 A Key to the Species of the Genus Crypturus.

Total length 219 mm.; culmen 21; wing 148; tail 35 ;

tarsus 43. 7

Loc. Rio Madeira.

Type in Rothschild Museum at Tring.

Crypturus cinnamomeus spencei, subsp. n.

Adult. Differs from C. cinnamomeus cinnamomeus by

having the mantle cinnamon-brown, the back and tail dark

brown rather broadly barred with buff, and the fore-neck

dusky grey with rufescent bars.

Total length 295 mm.; culmen 30; wing 172; tail 46;

tarsus 50.

Loc. Venezuela.

‘Type in the British Museum.

Crypturus hellmayrt, sp. n.

Adult male. Allied to C. strigulosus, but differs by having

the back dark brown with a wash of slate-grey, the fore-neck,

breast, sides of the body, and axillaries dark slate-grey, and

the inner under wing-coverts brown.

Total length 260 mm.; culmen 26; wing 152; tail 48;

tarsus 47.

Loc. Humaytha, Rio Madeira.

Type in Rothschild Museum at Tring.

CRYPTURELLUS, gen. nov.

We have not included in the genus Crypturus the two

species C. tataupa and C. parvirostris, as we consider them

to differ generically, chiefly in the formation of the bills.

In all the South-American species of the preceding genus |

(twenty) the nostrils are placed in the anterior half of the

bill, whereas in Crypturedlus they are situated in the posterior

portion. The membrane on this part is more persistent

than in Crypturus and the gonys is proportionately much

longer.

We propose C. tataupa (Temminck) as the type; and the

species will be as follows :—

Crypturellus tataupa (Temm.).

Crypturellus parvirostris (Wag].).

Mr. W. L. Distant’s Rhynchotal Notes. 323

XXXIX.—Rhynchotal Nvtes—LV. By W.L. Disranr.

HETEROPTERA.,

Fam. Pentatomide.

Placosternum alleni, sp. n.

Brownish ochraceous, more or less coarsely blackly pune-

tate ; corium with a large marginal, pale, sparingly punctate

spot before middle; body beneath paler and much less

punctate than above, abdomen with two central series of

pale obliquely transverse spots ; head with the central lobes

distinctly longer than the central lobe, their apices well

separated ; antennge ochraceous, basal joint not nearly

reaching apex of head, third and fourth joints slightly longer

than second and fifth ; rostrum about reaching the inter-

mediate coxee; pronotum broad, the lateral margins dentate,

the lateral angles strongly upwardly and forwardly produced,

their apices toothed on each side and slightly obtusely pro-

duced centrally ; mesosternal ridge slender anteriorly and

extending to between the anterior coxe, metasternal elevation

broad and angulate; abdomen beneath sparsely punctate and

centrally broadly sulcate for more than half its length ; head,

pronotum, and scutellum coarsely blackly punctate, corium

less coarsely and more brownly punctate ; membrane brownish

and coarsely veined.

Long. 20 mm. ; exp. pronot. ang]. 16 mm.

Borneo ; Banting (G@. D. A.). Type Brit. Mus.

Named after the Rev. G. Dexter Allen, who captured the

species.

Fam. Reduviide.

Margasus nivealis, sp. n.

Pronotum, scutellum, and corium black; anterior lobe of

pronotum, anterior area of posterior lobe, scutellum, corium

(excluding apical angle), and the sternum thickly and almost

entirely whitely tomentose ; head, rostrum, abdomen beneath,

aud legs dark castaneous; femora with a broad subapical

ochraceous annulation ; antenne dark eastaneons, first joint

a little longer than head and pronotum together (remaining

joints mutilated in typical specimen); pronotum about as

wide at base as long, posterior lateral angles acute, prominent,

posterior lateral margins coneavely oblique, posterior margin

truncate, posterior angles distinctly lobately produced ; scu-

tellum with the disk tuberculate, the apex not elevated ;

324 Mr. W. L. Distant’s Rhynchotal Notes.

connexivum moderately produced on each side from about

one-third from-base, castaneous ; membrane shining brouzy,

slightly passing abdominal apex.

Long., incl. membr., 27 mm.; lat. pronot. angl. 64 mm.

Hab. Uganda Prot.; Buamba Forest, Semliki Valley,

2300-2800 feet (S. A. Neave, Brit. Mus.).

Murgasus pronotalis, sp. n. i

Head piceous brown ; pronotum purplish black, the ante-

rior lobe and anterior margin of posterior lobe thickly ochra-

ceously pilose ; scutellum, corium, and sternum thickly

ochraceously pilose ; antenne, rostrum, legs, and abdomen

beneath castaneous ; membrane shining bronzy brown; an-

tenne with the first joint about as long as head, pronotum,

and scutellum together ; pronotum a little broader between

posterior lateral angles than long, posterior lateral angles

prominent, subacute, a little directed forwardly, posterior

lateral margins obligue, a little sinuate, posterior margin

truncate, posterior angles distinctly lobately produced, poste-

rior lobe with two distinet discal sees scutellum with

the disk tuberculate, the apex not elevated; connexivum

castaneous, moderately produced on each side from about

one-third from base ; membrane moderately passing abdo-

minal apex.

Long., incl. membr., 21-26 mm.; lat. pronot. angl.

5-7 mm.

Hab. Nyasaland ; Mlanje (S. A. Weave, Brit. Mus.).

Margasus abdominalis, sp. n.

Head, rostrum, and antenne castaneous; pronotum, scu-

tellum, and corium thickly ochraceously pilose, the posterior

marginal area of the pronotum less so and more castaneous

in hue ; membrane shining bronzy ; sternum thickly greyishly

or palely ochiaceously pilose ; abdomen beneath ochraceous,

in the male concolorous, in the female with the segmental

margins prominently black; legs castaneous, femora darker

than tibiee, femora with a subapical ochraceous annulation :

antenne with the first joint about as long as head, pronotum,

aud scutellum together ; pronotum nearly as long as broad,

the lateral angles acute, a little curved forwardly, posterior

lateral margins oblique, posterior margin truncate, very

slightly concave, the posterior angles broadly lobately pro-

duced, posterior lobe with two distinct discal tubercles;

scutellum with the disk tuberculate, the apex not elevated ;

connexivum ochraceous, moderately produced trom about

Mr. W. L. Distant’s Rhynchotal Notes. 325

basal half with some elongate black spots; membrane

passing abdominal apex.

Long., incl. membr., 24-26 mm.; lat. pronot. angl. 6-

7 mm.

Hab, Brit. E. Africa; Kibwezi, 3000 feet, Masongaleni,

3000 feet (S. A. Neave, Brit. Mus.). Uganda; Tero Forest

(C. C. Gowdey).

HOMOPTERA.

Fam. Cicadide.

Diemeniana turner, sp. n.

Body and legs black; an elongate spot between ocelli, a

central elongate spot to pronotum, lateral margins and two

small central spots to mesonotum, apices of femora and

femoral streaks, annulations to intermediate tibize, posterior

tibiz (excluding base and apex), ochraceous; margins of

cox testaceous; connexival segmental margins beneath

more or less testaceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, tegmina

with the costal membrane and basal two-thirds of venation

pale testaceous, remaining venation fuscous, upper margin

of basal cell and an extreme basal spot black, an inner basal

streak greyish white ; wings with the venation pale testa-

ceous, the outer submarginal venation black, basal streaks

greyish white; front of head convexly projecting with a

small apical spot, and a small spot on each anterior angle of

vertex ochraceous ; pronotum acutely dilated on each lateral

margin ; body above more or less distinctly longly pilose ;

opercula in male transverse, about reaching base of first

abdominal segment; rostrum reaching the intermediate

coxee ; tegmina almost half as broad as long.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 22 mm.; exp. tegm. 51 mm.

Hab. 8.E. Tasmania; Mt. Wellington (R. #. Turner,

Brit. Mus.).

This species has a very distinct appearance by its hyaline

and practically unmarked tegmina from the at present only

known two other species of the genus ; the strong spinous

dilatation of the lateral margins of the pronotum is also a

salient differential character.

Mr. Turner informs me that he captured this species on

the summit of Mt. Wellington (4000 feet) among stunted

vegetation and on a very exposed and windy spot. He only

secured one example.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 22

}

326 Mr. W. L. 'Distant’s Rhynchotal Notes.

: Fam. Fulgoride.

Subfam. Lorxorrvz.

Pyrilla pusana, sp. n.

Body and legs shining brownish ochraceous; pronotum

and mesonotum usually more or less darker in hue, sometimes

concolorous, sometimes dark castaneous; tegmina dark

shining ochraceous, the apical area moderately infuscate

with many black spots, some minute dark spots varying in

number on anterior disk ; wings very palely infuscate.

Allied to P. lycoides, Walk., but differing by the less

robust cephalic process.

Long., excl. tegm., 7-8 mm. ; exp. tegm. 20-21 mm.

Hab. Pusa; Bihar (Lefroy & Bainbrigge Fletcher).

I had previously (Amn. Soc. Ent. Belg. li. p. 220, 1907)

considered this species to be conspecific with P. lycoides,

Walk., but a large series of specimens recently sent me by

Mr. Fletcher has proved it to be distinct. P. lycoides is

probably restricted to Siam.

Fam. Cercopide.

Phymatostetha stella, sp. n.

Body above brownish ochraceous ; pronotum with a central

elongate spot and a spot at each anterior lateral margin very

pale stramineous or greyish white ; abdomen with the basal

margin, a series of lateral marginal spots, and the anal

appendage stramineous ; body beneath and legs pale brownish

ochraceous, abdomen with a lateral marginal series of trans-

verse black spots ; tegmina pale brownish, with eight pale

more or less rounded spots, the apical margin ochraceous ;

wings pale bronzy brown ; head distinctly depressed before

eyes; pronotum distinctly finely punctate; posterior tibia

with a short spine at base and a longer spine beyond middle ;

rostrum reaching the intermediate coxee ; face prominently

globose.

Long., excl. tegm., 13 mm.; exp. tegm. 36 mm,

Hab. Indo-China (R. Vitalis de Salvaza, type Brit. Mus.),

Allied to P. sema, Dist., from Assam.

Phymatosietha chapana, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum ochraceous; head with

lateral and basal margins, two large spots near anterior

margin of pronotum, and abdomen above black; body

Mr. W. L. Distant’s Rhynchotal Notes. 327

beneath and legs ochraceous, lateral and posterior areas of

face, sternal spots, streaks to femora, bases and apices of

tibize, apex of rostrum, and lateral and posterior abdominal

segmental margins black; tegmina with the basal area

stramineous, remaining and larger area brownish ochraceous,

the basal area with some brownish-ochraceous spots, of which

the most prominent are one in the radial area and another

almost beneath it, in the brownish ochraceous area is a

strongly angulated testaceous fascia, followed by a black

subapical marginal fascia; wings bronzy ochraceous, the

veins darker ; pronotum wrinkled and finely punctate ; face

obsoletely discally longitudinally sulcate.

Long., excl. tegm., 17 mm.; exp. tegm. 43 mm.

Hab. Upper Tonkin, near Chapa, Lao Kay (&. Vitalis de

Salvaza, type Brit. Mus.).

Allied to P. stgnifera, Walk.

Phymatostetha moultoni, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum black; frontal and lateral

areas of head, lateral marginal areas of pronotum, and apex

of scutellum dark testaceous; abdomen above and body

beneath and legs ochraceous ; spots to sternum, apex of

rostrum, streaks to femora, and apices of tarsi black; tegmina

black, costal margin for about two-thirds its length broadly

and irregularly ochraceous, two narrow transverse sanguineous

fasciz, one before, the other beyond middle, inner claval

margin and narrow apical margin more or less testaceous ;

wings bronzy ochraceous, extreme base sanguineous; pro-

notum strongly wrinkled ; posterior femora with two strong

spines, one near base, the other beyond middle; face very

obsoletely longitudinally sulcate.

Long., excl. tegm., 17 mm. ; exp. tegm. 43 mm.

Hab, Borneo; Batu Laui Exped. (J. C. Moulton, type

Brit. Mus.).

Allied to P. cireumducta, Walk.

Cosmoscarta lunata, sp. n.

Body, legs, and tegmina ochraceous, sometimes the abdo-

men above is a little darker and more testaceous; wings

very pale bronzy brown ; the tegmina when closely examined

have some obsolete darker fasciate markings ; eyes blackish ;

pronotum with two discal dark bipunctate markings a little

before the anterior margin, a faint central longitudinal im-

pressed line, the lateral margins moderately reflexed, a distinct

oblique impression a little before each lateral angle ; face

22*

328 Mr. W. L. Distant’s Rhynchotal Notes.

globose, centrally distinetly but shallowly longitudinally

sulcate ; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxe ; posterior

tibia with a moderately. long spine beyond middle and a

short spine near base ; teemina a little more than two and

a half times longer than broad.

Long., excl. teom., 10 mm. ; exp. tegm. 26-29 mm.

Hab. North India (Brit. Mus.).

Cosmoscarta assamens?s, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and seutellum black ; a broad transverse

fascia across anterior area of pronotum and the basal area of

the scutellum pale dull reddish ; abdomen above shining

castaneous ; body beneath black; rostrum and legs dull

castaneous ; tegmina dull Hisekishs: base of costal membrane,

basal area of clavus, an irregular transverse fascia near

middle, and another much outwardly angulated fascia before

apical area, dull sanguineous; wings ‘pale fuliginous, the

extreme base s sanguineous ; scutellum distinctly depressed at

base, transversely striate; face globose, central longitudinal

sulcation broad but shallow; rostrum reaching the inter-

mediate cox; tegmina a little less than two and a half

times as long as broad; posterior tibia with a long robust

spine beyond middle and a short spine near base.

Long., excl. tegm., 12 mm.; exp. tegm. 32 mm.

Hab. Assam ; “Margherita (Brit. Mus.)

Allied to the Chinese species C. bimacula, Walk.

Cosmoscarta imray?, sp. N.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum shining black; lateral and

posterior margins of pronotum and a transverse fascia before

middle sanguineous, lateral margins and nearly apical half of

scutellum sanguineous ; abdomen above blackish, with the

seemental margins pale sanguineous ; body beneath shining

black ; ; posterior half of face, greater part of prosternum,

coxe, ‘trochanters, and legs pale sanguineous, tarsi black ;

tegmina dark shining ochraceous, apical area and six spots

shining black, the spots in two transverse series of three

each, the two largest on costal membrane, the smallest in

middle of inner series ; wings very pale fuliginous; face

rather prominently longitudinally suleate ; rostrum reaching

the intermediate coxze ; tegmina nearly two and a half times

as long as broad; posterior tibiz with a moderately long

spine beyond middle and a short spine near base.

Long., excl. tegm., 10 mm.; exp. tegm. 21 mm.

Hah. Travancore ; Peermaad (2. S. Imray, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to C. flora, Dist.

Mr. W. L. Distant’s Rhynchotal Notes. 329

Cosmoscarta fumosa, sp. 0.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum pale castaneous, pronotum

with two large black spots near anterior margin, ocelli pale

ochraceous ; “abdomen above and beneath black, the posterior

segmental margins pale castaneous; sternum black ; lateral

margins of prosternum and legs pale fuscous; face, rostrum,

coxe, trochanters, bases of femora, and posterior tibie pale

castaneous, spines to posterior tibize dark fuscous ; tegmina

dark dull purplish red, apical area and about seven large

spots black, the spots placed, one basal and two curved trans-

verse series of three spots each ; wings very pale fuliginous,

the veins darker ; face globose, the central sulcations broad

but not profound ; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxe ;

tegmina not quite two and a half times as long as broad ;

posterior tibize with a long prominent spine beyond middle

and a short spine near base.

Long., excl. tegm., 13 mm.; exp. tegm. 32 mm.

Hab. Darjiling (type Brit. Mus.) ; Sikhim, Rungpo

(Ind. Mus.).

Allied to C. ochraceicollis, Schmidt.

Cosmoscarta nympha, sp. n.

Head and scutellum black ; pronotum ochraceous, with an

anterior fascia behind eyes and the posterior margin broadly

black ; abdomen above shining black, the posterior segmental

margins narrowly dull ochraceous ; body beneath black, legs

somewhat fuscous; tegmina pale testaceous, apical area

paler, more ochraceous, and there fuscous on the apical

margin, beyond middle three fuscous spots in transverse

series, the two uppermost small, the lowermost larger and

somewhat lunate in shape ; wings palely fuliginous; face

with the central sulcation moderately well pronounced (espe-

cially near base, where it is broadest) ; rostrum reaching the

intermediate coxze ; tegmina less than two and a half times

as long as broad ; posterior tibiee with a prominent long

spine beyond middle, and a smaller but distinct spine near

base.

Long., excl. tegm., 1L mm.; exp. tegm. 30 mm.

Hab, Assam ; ‘Khasi Hills (Chennell, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to C. dimidiata, Dall.

Cosmoscarta balteata, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum shining black ; pronotum

with a broad, anterior, transverse, ochraceous fascia ; abdo-

men above and body beneath and legs black ; lateral margins

330 Mr. W. L. Distant’s Riynchotal Notes.

of prosternum ochraceous ; tegmina black, two basal streaks

(one in costal membrane, the other in clavus) and three

small spots in somewhat transverse series beyond middle pale

testaceous ; wings very pale fuliginous; face obsoletely cen-

trally sulcate; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxe ;

teemina less than two and a half times as long as broad ;

posterior tibia with a strong spine beyond middle and a

small spine near base.

Long., excl. tegm., 12 mm.; exp. tegm. 32 mm.

Hab, Sikhim ; Dam Din (Brit. Mus.).

Cosmoscarta himalayana, sp. n.

Body above and beneath bluish black ; rostrum, coxe,

trochauters, and femora sanguineous, tibize and tarsi black ;

tegmina black, a more or less transverse spot in bases of

both costal membrane and clavus, and two waved transverse

fasciz (one before, the other beyond middle) pale sanguineous ;

wings pale fuliginous ; pronotum distinctly foveate on each

side before anterior margin, the lateral margins distinctly

reflexed ; rostrum only just reaching the intermediate coxe ;

tegmina two and a half times as long as broad.

Long., excl. tegm., 9 mm.; exp. tegm. 26 mm.

Hab. East Himalayas (Brit. Mus.).

Allied to C. margherite, Dist.

Ectemnonotum baramensis, sp. n.

Body and legs black, abdomen above bluish black ; teg-

mina with the basal and apical thirds bluish black, central

third stramineous with three bluish-black spots in transverse

series ; wings pale fuliginous, the veins darker; head about

as long as broad at base, sublaterally suleate on each side

trom base to a little beyond eyes; pronotum thickly finely

punctate and slightly transversely wrinkled, with a distinct

depression on each side behind anterior margin, and with a

slight, central, longitudinal, linear ridge; scutellum trans-

versely wrinkled ; face broadly globose ; rostrum reaching

the intermediate coxze ; posterior tibize with a long robust

spine a little beyond middle.

Long., excl. tegm., 17 mm. ; exp. tegm. 47 mm.

ab. Borneo ; Baram (J. C. Moulton, type Brit. Mus.).

Leptataspis hecuba, sp. n,

Head, pronotum, scutellum, sternum, and legs shining

piceous, lateral margins to pronotum, rostrum, streaks to

femora, and the tarsi distinctly paler; abdomen above and

Mr. W. L. Distant’s Rhynchotal Notes. 331

beneath and the posterior legs ochraceous ; connexival spots

black ; tegmina pale ochraceous, the apical third and eight

spots (two in costal membrane, three on disk in longitudinal

series, two in claval area, and one above claval apex) black ;

wings fuliginous, the veins black ; ocelli shining ochraceous ;

pronotum with faint indications of a central longitudinal

carinate line, the lateral margins narrowly reflexed ; scutellum

distinctly foveate at base, atter which it is centrally longitu-

dinally carinate to apex; posterior legs somewhat longly

pilose, posterior tibie with a prominent spine beyond middle ;

tegmina about three times as long as broad.

Long., excl. tegm., 11 mm. ; exp. tegm. 30 mm.

Hab. Indo-China (2. Vitalis de Sulvaza, type Brit. Mus.).

SYNONYMICAL NOTES.

Fam. Pentatomide.

Dymantis relata, Dist. Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) ii. p. 298

(1898).

Dymantis confusa, Bergr. Rey, Zool. Afr, iii. p. 448 (1914),

I originally described this species from the Transvaal

founded on three small specimens which each ouly measured

10mm. I have since received other examples from the same

locality which are 13 mm. in length. Bergroth’s type of his

D. confusa (of which he gives no dimensions in his descrip-

tion) also has a length of 13 mm.

Bergroth’s differential characters of D. plana and D. con-

fusa (as regards the colour of the antennze, the comparative

lengths of the second and third joints of same, and the

length of the hemelytra) are unreliable characters, and he

confesses that in some specimens these “are less obvious” ;

but I quite agree with him that the species can be “always

easily distinguished by the quite different structure of the

genital segment,” and he is to be congratulated on having

observed that character. It is, however, much more pro-

nounced in some specimens than in others. The Brit. Mus.

now possesses specimens from Transvaal ; Lydenburg Distr.,

Zoutpansberg, Piet Retief; S. Africa (Dr. Smith’s Coll.),

Livingstonia (Simon) ; Mashonaland, Salisbury (Marshall; ;

Nyasaland (Cotterell).

Halyomor pha viridescens, Walk. ( Atelocera),

Bergroth (Rev. Zool. Afr. iii, p. 450, 1914) has redescribed

this species, but at the same time only a peculiar form of it,

for it is of a very variable nature, as I pointed out in 1880

332 Mr. W. L. Distant’s Rhynchotal Notes.

(Ent. Month. Mag. xvi. p. 201). The specimen thus iden-

tified and returned to the Bureau of Entomology is a dark

variety, and was originally described by Bergroth as a new

species ; but the mistake was detected before publication,

and the name altered. hus the diagnosis refers to a form

of the species only, and does not represent its protean

character.

Fam. Aradide.

Acantharadus giganteus.

Acantharadus gigunteus, Banks, Philipp. Journ. Sci. iv. p. 580, pl. xi.

fig. 8 (1909).

I have recently examined a series of this species collected

by Mr. J. C. Moulton at Tabekang in Borneo, which agree

in all respects with the description and figure of the Philip-

pine type given by Banks. In the Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.

1911, p. 597, I reterred to Bergroth’s claim that this species

was a synonym of one he described from Penang in 1886

under the Neotropical genus Dysodicus (D. quatenarius,

Bergr.), and drew attention to the totally different structure

of the head in the figures of Bergroth and Banks. Bergroth

has recently and with some acerbity resented this comparison

(Ann. Soc. Hnt. Belg. 1913, p. 151), and suggested that I

had not regarded the sentence in his description “ tylo

jugis multo breviore,’ and states that “the difference is

owing to the juga in [his] specimen being covered with

granules right on to the very tip (which makes them con-

tiguous on the inner side), while in Banks’ specimen the

granules of the apical part of the juga are failing.” This

contention is not supported, but absolutely disproved by the

series of Bornean specimens which I have examined. But

even ignoring this character, which I do not propose to do,

what are we to think of the different length of the head, the

position of the eyes, and the different dentation of the lateral

margins of the pronotum as shown in the two figures? No

one knows better than myself that an artist frequently over-

looks salient characters relied on by the describer; but the

line must be drawn somewhere, and Bergroth is asking tvo

much latitude in this contention.

Fam. Membracide.

Otinotus karentanus, 1. nom.

Otinotus pallipes, Dist. Faun. Brit. Ind., Rhynch. iy. p. 40 (1907), nom,

preoce.

I have recently found that Centrotus pallipes, Walk., from

On new Species of Rhynchota from Borneo. 333

New Guinea, belongs to the genus Otinotus, and therefore

my species requires renaming.

Fam. Cercopida.

By the kindness of Dr. Gestro, of the Genoa Museum, I

have recently had an opportunity of examining the species

described by Dr. Schmidt from Burma, and a few cases of

synonymy may be recorded :—

Considia nitidula, Bredd. Soc. Ent. Zurich, 1902, p. 59.

Considia borealis, Schmidt, Arch. f. Naturg. lxxyi. p. 101 (1910).

Phymatostetha stali, Butl. Cist. Ent. i. p. 267 (1874).

Phymatostetha subcostalis, Schmidt, Arch. f. Naturg. lxxvi. p. 98 (1910).

Leptataspis rotundata, Walk. (Cercopis) List. Hom., Suppl.

p- 174 (1858). .

Leptataspis plagiventris, Schmidt, Arch. f. Naturg. lxxvi. p. 65 (1910).

Cusmoscarta egens, Walk. ( Cercopis) List Hom., Suppl. p. 171

(1858).

Cosmoscarta innota, Schmidt. Arch. f. Naturg. lxxvi. p. 72 (1910).

Var. Cosmoscarta innominata, Schmidt, J. ec. p. 73.

Fam. Jasside.

PISACHOIDES, n. nom.

Pisacha, Dist. Faun, Brit. Ind., Rhynch. iv. p. 230 (1907), nom. preoce.

XL.—Some new Species of Rhynchota from Mt. Merinjak,

Borneo. By W. L. Distant,

DuRINn@ a recent expedition to this mountain, made by

Mr. J. C. Moulton, the Curator of the Sarawak Museum, a

number of very interesting insects were obtained, the new

species of Rhynchota being here described. A full narrative

of this journey has been published elsewhere *.

HETEROPTERA,

Fam. Pentatomide.

MERINJAKIA, gen. nov.

Head broad, with the eyes almost but not quite reaching

* ‘Zoologist,’ 1914, p. 361.

334 Mr. W. L. Distant on new

anterior angles of pronotum, the head distinctly narrower

than the anterior pronotal angles; head broad, considerably

broader than long, the anterior margin subtruncate, central

lobe reaching the anterior margin ; eyes moderately obliquely

elevate ; pronotum concavely sinuate at insertion of head ;

pronotum centrally about half as long as broad at base, the

anterior lateral margins obliquely convexly dilated, posterior

margin truncate; scutellum broad, convex, not quite reaching

apex of abdomen ; rostrum about reaching the intermediate

coxe ; antenne five-jointed; first and second joints short,

first moderately thickened, second shorter than first, third

slightly longer than fourth or fifth; spiracles a little before

lateral margins of abdomen.

Allied to Turichea and Oncylaspis, but with the lobes of

the head equal in length.

Merinjakia typica, sp. n.

Body above ochraceous, thickly, coarsely, darkly punctate ;

anterior margins of head, a spot at apex and near base of

central lobe, an excavate spot on each side of base before

eyes, and two angulate transverse fascise on anterior disk of

pronotum black ; prosternum opaque violet-black ; abdomen

beneath ochraceous brown, the margins broadly flavous, the

spiracles and a spot at apices of segmental incisures black,

the incisures before the lateral margins and a short trans-

verse excavate line between them black ; femora ochraceous

blackly spotted near apices, tibia and tarsi fuscous brown ;

structural characters as in generic diagnosis.

Long. 8 mm., max. breadth 75 mm.

Hab. Borneo; Mt. Merinjak (J. C. Moulton, type in

Brit. Mus.).

Coptosoma nigrosignatum, sp. ui.

Dull ochraceous with prominent black markings; head

with the central lobe and a spot at base behind the ocelli

black; pronotum with a transverse waved line before the

anterior margin and four large oblong spots on posterior

disk black ; scutellum with a large transverse spot behind

base, narrowly continued posteriorly on each side, and out-

wardly dilated apically, black ; sternum bluish-black opaque,

its anterior lateral margins, head beneath, rostrum, and legs

flavescent ; abdomen beneath shining testaceous, the disk

suffused with blackish; head moderately subangulately

prominent, vertically depressed, eyes castaneous ; pronotum

convex, vertically depressed in front, sparsely punctate,

posterior angles subangularly rounded; scutellum broader

Species of Rhynchota from PDorneo. 335

than long, convex, posteriorly and laterally vertically de-

pressed, posterior margin centrally truncate.

Long, 34 mm., max. lat. 3 mm.

Hab. Borneo; Mt. Merinjak (J. C. Moulton, type in

Brit. Mus.).

Pygoplatys merinjakensis, sp. n.

Body above and beneath and legs ochraceous, the produced

pronotal angles, the basal area of the seutellum, and abdomen

beneath a little darker; membrane pale bronzy, reflecting

the dark abdomen beneath, the slightly produced lateral aud

apical margins thus appearing much paler ; head not longer

than broad, somewhat strongly emarginate in frout of eyes ;

antennee with the first joint not quite reaching apex of head,

second nearly twice as long as first (remaining joints muti-

Jated in type); rostrum passing the anterior cox, its

extreme apex black ; pronotum somewhat sparsely punctate,

distinctly bicallose on anterior area where it is somewhat

transversely wrinkled, the anterior angles shortly distinctly

acutely produced, the posterior angles very robust, strongly

produced, slightly upwardly directed, and very coarsely

punctate, distinctly wider at apex than base, the apex irre-

gularly truncate, the posterior margin semiciicularly produced

over the base of the scutellum ; scutellum coarsely punctate

on basal, more finely punctate on apical area, the narrower

apical area longitudinally grooved; corium thickiy finely

punctate; membrane slightly passing the abdominal apex ;

metasternal process narrowed anteriorly and produced to the

anterior cox, emarginate posteriorly for the reception of the

abdominal spine or tubercle.

Long. 18 mm., exp. pronot. angle 17 mm.

Hab. Borneo; Mt. Merinjak (J. C. Moulton, type in

Brit. Mus.).

A species to be recognized by the robustly produced

posterior pronotal angles, which allies it to P. validus, Dall.

HOMOPTERA.

Fam. Fulgoride.

Subfam, Jssrvz.

NEODELIA, gen. nov.

Head acutely produced, longer than pronotum, about as

long as mesonotum, lateral margins ridged and somewhat

straight beyond eyes and then narrowed to apex, which is

acute, centrally longitudinally ridged, and foveately impressed

at base, face fiat, the lateral margins very strongly ridged

336 On new Species of Rhynchota from Borneo.

from base to .beyond eyes ; clypeus triangular, the margins

strongly ridged, rostrum reaching the intermediate COX ;

pronotum with the anterior margin convex, the posterior

margin straight, the lateral angles moderately lobately

auteriorly produced; mesonotum about as broad at base as

long, the lateral margins oblique to apex which is acute ;

tegmina longer than wings, the costal membrane strongly

convexly arched, beyond which the apical third of tegmen is

narrowed with the apex obliquely truncate, veins prominent,

especially so in the costal membrane and radial area, the

first of which is broader than the latter, the apical third is

distinctly transversely veined, the apical margin with short

longitudinal cells, some of which are angular, claval area

moderately lobately produced over and near base of wings ;

wings large, broader than tegmina at their widest expanse,

the posterior margin strongly emarginate at the demarcation

of the abdominal area and very slightly emarginate near

middle of apical margin, the longitudinal vein in abdominal

area is prominent and bifurcate at about one-third its length

from posterior margin, on disk are a few transverse veins ;

legs somewhat robust, the tibia longitudinally channelled

beneath, posterior tarsi with the basal joints spinously pro-

duced on each side, posterior tibia spined at apices.

Apparently allied to Delia, Melichar. (Delia being a

generic name already used, a new name will have to be

provided.)

Neodelia moultoni, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum brownish ochraceous

minutely spotted with ochraceous, with a longitudinal central

ochraceous fascia to each, somewhat duplex on mesonotum,

abdomen pale ochraceous ; face ochraceous, thickly sprinkled

with small blackish spots ; clypeus blackish ; anterior and

intermediate legs ochraceous with a few large castaneous

spots, posterior legs blackish; abdomen beneath with. very

distinet black punctures ; ; tegmina ochraceous, the costal

membrane and radial area much darker in hue, as are also

some of the longitudinal veins, costal margin with small

greyish-white spots, three spots of the same colour in radial

urea, and two—one above the other—above claval area at

aout one-fourth from base, the transverse veins on apical

third testaceous, and here the extreme margins are minutely

spotted with black ; wings fuliginous, the veins dull ochra-

ceous, in abdominal area and on apical aiied black ; structural

characters 'as in generic diagnosis.

Long., excl. tegm., 11 mm.; exp. tegm. 85 mm.

Hao. Borneo, Mt. Merinjak, 2200 ft. (typein Brit. Mus.),

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. = 337

Fam. Membracide.

Ebhul tessellatus, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and posterior pronotal process black, the

latter somewhat tinted with castaneous ; body beneath black,

legs more piceous brown ; tegmina black, a large spot in

claval area, a similar spot in radial area, and a broad apical

margin castaneous brown, a spot near claval margin, a

transverse series before apical area, and a few smaller

scattered spots greyish white; pronotum centrally longi-

tudinally strongly ridged, its anterior lateral angles slightly

prominent, not produced, the posterior pronotal process

moderately sinuately waved, arched at base where it is

separated from the scutellum, and then a little concavely

sinuate and following the direction of the tegmina, its apex

reaching the posterior angle of the inner tegminal margin ;

face centrally longitudinally suleate.

Long. 6 mm.

Hab. Borneo, Mt. Merinjak (type in Brit. Mus.).

Allied to FE. varius, Walk., but structurally differing by

the much less prominently waved posterior pronotal process ;

colour-markings also different.

XLI.— Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.— XL

By Row.tanp E. Turner, F.Z.S., F.E.S.

A Revision of the Paranyssonine.

Family Crabronide.

Subfamily Parayyssonrnz.

Sericophorine, D. T., Cat. Hymen. viii. p. 578 (1897).

I follow Kohl and Dalla Torre in the association of the

genera in this group. They are all distinguished by the

incision on the cuter margin of the mandibles and the presence

of only one spur on the apes of the intermediate tibie. The

recurrent nervures are received by the first and second

cubital cells, except in Sphodrotes, in which both are received

by the second cell. From Pison and its allies the group is

distinguished by the entire eyes and the incision of the

mandibles; from Nysson by the single spine of the inter-

mediate tibiz and the incision of the mandibles. The rela-

tionship to Larra is nearer, but the form of the third cubital

338 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Tymenoptera.

cell and the pasition of the recurrent nervures is different, as

well as the normal form of the ocelli. The genera which

Ashmead associates with Sertcophorus and Zoyphium in his

Lyrodine are probably the nearest relations, though I do not

consider the relationship very close.

As Paranysson is an older name than Sericophorus, it

should be used for the subfamily.

The pulvilli are very much developed in most of the

genera, especially in Sericophorus and Zoyphium, but not

more so than in some other Crabronide.

Key to the Genera.

1. Second cubital cell pointed on the radial nervure ;

antennz short and clavate................ 2.

Second cubital cell petiolate; antenne not cla-

yate and longer (2323 sas ciee at gph o bent ee 3.

2. Radial cell with an appendiculate cell ........ Sericophorus, Sm.

Radial cell without an appendiculate cell ...... Zoyphium, Kohl.

3. Cubitus of hind wing originating at a distance

beyond the transverse median nervure not

exceeding the length of that nervure ; hind

cox without a spine or tubercle ; no pygidial

AUDOAS seo const s RYE Ge Dts ig Rear one Seen ... Sphodrotes, Kohl.

Cubitus of hind wing originating at a distance

beyond the transy erse cubital nervure equal

to at least twice the length of that nervure;

hind coxm of female with a spine or tubercle ; ;

witha pygidial area (Foi. tow. eu ee ees Paranysson, Guér.

Genus PARANYSSON, Guér.

Nysson (Paranysson), Guér, Iconogr. Régn. Animal, Insect. p. 441

1844).

Evie Sm. Cat. Hym. B.M. iv. p. 3858 (1856),

Pseudohelioryctes, Ashm. Can. Entom, xxxi. p. 248 (1899),

This genus has the mandibles deeply excised on the outer

margin, “and the intermediate tibize have only one apical

spine, as in other genera of the group. The second cubital

cell is petiolate, the cubitus of the hind wing originates much

further from the transverse median nervure than in Spho-

drotes or other genera of the family. The radial cell is

without an appendiculate cell. There is a distinct pygidial

area in the female, and also in that sex a tubercle, or more

often a long spine, on the hind coxe. The male has a

pygidial area, but is without the spine or tubercle on the

hind coxe. ‘The position of the first recurrent nervure at the

apex of the first cubital also separates this genus from Spho-

drotes, in which both recurrent nervures are received by the

second cubital cell, or in one species the first interstitial with

the first transverse cubital nervure.

‘Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 339

I have discussed my identification of the type species

P. abdominale, Guér., under that species. Ashmead (Can.

Ent. p. 326, 1899) evidently differs from these conclusions,

and uses Paranysson for several North-American species

which are true Nyssonine; but I consider he is completely

mistaken in his identification of the genus. He also asso-

ciates Helioryctes with the Nyssoninz, but the incision of the

mandibles and the presence of only one spur to the inter-

mediate tibia seem to me to render this association impossible.

Probably he was only acquainted with /H. melanopyrus,

which he gives as the type by description. Associated with

the Pisonine together with Sphodrotes he places his genus

Pseudohelioryctes (type P. foxit, Ashm.), which he founds

for a species apparently only distinguished from true Helio-

ryctes by the absence of the coxal spine. ‘This spine is also

missing in Paranysson helioryctoides, Turn., which I certainly

Jook on as congeneric with other Paranysson.

Key to the Species of Paranysson.

1. Wings hyaline, very slightly clouded at the

apex ; posterior ocelli very near to the

eyes, fully three times as far from each

other as from the eyes. (Asiatic.) .... P. assimilis, Bingh.

Wings fuscous or fusco-violaceous; poste-

rior ocelli never more than twice as far

from each other as from the eyes, usually

mien: leds... (CATICAN. oo. soe anaes 2.

2. Posterior ocelli nearly twice as far from

each other as from the eyes; spur of

hind coxe reduced to a tubercle ...... P. helioryctoides, Turn,

GRMN cai sos, 2 « OE: OREDr © Ag ae

Spur of the hind coxe apical, originating

close to the inner angle ...... 2a gate 5.

TeticulAGer. se ape Tega se dae wees es P. melanopyrus, Sm,

than the penultimate; median segment

longitudinally striated .............. P. oscari, Turn,

. Median segment longitudinally striated ;

pronotum ferruginous.......... siadtatats

Median segment reticulate or striate-reticu-

late’s pronotum black... Ait ud 2) P. quadridentatus, Cam,

P. abdominale, Guér.

540 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

Paranysson abdominale, Guér.

Nysson (Paranysson) abdominale, Guér. Iconogr. Régn. Animal, Insect.

p. 441 (1844),

Nysson abdominals, Gerst. Abhandl. Halle, x. p. 122 (1866); Handl.

Sitzungsb, kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien, xcy. p. 318 (1887).

Q. Nigra; mandibulis fusco-ferrugineis ; pronoto, abdomine,

femoribus, tibiis tarsisque rufo-ferrugineis ; postscutello tegulis-

que obscure fusco-ferrugineis ; alis fusco-violaceis.

Long. 15 mm.

?. Clypeus transverse at the apex, without lateral teeth.

Second joint of the flagellum nearly twice as long as: the

third, apical joint equal in length tothe penultimate. Poste-

rior ocelli a little nearer to each other than to the eyes.

Median segment longitudinally striated, the enclosed area

very broadly rounded at the apex, no spine or tubercle on

the sides of the segment. he spine on the hind coxze

originates close to the apex. Second abscissa of the radius

almost equal to the third ; cubitus of the hind wing originating

at a distance beyond the transverse median nervure equal to

nearly two and a half times the length of that nervure.

flab. West Africa, Senegal (Guérin).

I have no doubt that the specimen in the British Museum

mentioned by Bingham belongs to Guérin’s species. Al-

though his description is very brief, it would not fit any

other African species known to me, and corresponds in every

point to the specimen mentioned above.

Paranysson quadridentatus, Cam.

Helioryetes quadridentatus, Cam. Ann. Transy. Mus. ii. p. 142 (1910). 9.

2. Nigra; abdomine, femoribus, tibiis tarsisque rufo-ferrugineis ;

alis fusco-violaceis.

Long. 12-15 mm,

°. Clypeus with two distinct teeth on each side. Second

joint of the flagellum nearly half as long again as the third,

apical joint no longer than the penultimate. Posterior ocelli

a little further from each other than from the eyes. Median

segment with short longitudinal strize at the base, the rest of

the enclosed area coarsely reticulated, with asmall depression

at the apex; a spine on each side of the posterior slope.

Spine of the hind cox originating close to the apical angle.

Third abscissa of the radius longer than the second, cubitus

of hind wing originating at a distance from the transverse

median nervure equal to at least three times the length of

that nervure.

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera, 341

Hab. Transvaal and as far north as Nyasaland,

There seems to be some variation in the development of

the spine on the sides of the median segment.

Paranysson melanopyrus, Sm.

Helioryctes melanopyrus, Sm. Cat. Hym. B.M. iv. p. 359 (1856). 2.

Q. Nigra; mandibulis basi, tegulis, abdomine, femoribus, tibiis

tarsisque ferrugineis ; alis fuscis,

Long. 8-10 mm.

@. Clypeus with two very minute teeth on each side.

Second joint of the flagellum very little longer than the

third, the apical joint no longer than the penultimate. Poste-

rior ocelli about half as far again from each other as from

the eyes. Median segment striate-reticulate, the enclosed

area longer and more nearly semicircular than in other

species. Spur of the hind coxz originating much further

from the apex than in abdominale, not far from the middle of

the inner margin. Third abscissa of the radius scarcely as

long as the second; cubitus of the hind wing originating at

a distance from the transverse median nervure equal to nearly

two and a half times the length of that nervure. A tubercle

on each side of the median segment.

Hab. Gambia (Smith) ; Sierra Leone ; Ojogbo, S. Nigeria

(J. J. Simpson) ; Eastern Mbale district, S. of Mt. Eigou,

Uganda (S. A. Neave).

The male is similar to the female, but, as in other species,

the spine on the hind coxze is not developed.

Paranysson oscart, sp. n.

Q. Nigra; mandibulis basi, tegulis, abdomine, femoribus, tibiis

tarsisque rufo-ferrugineis; alis fusco-violaceis.

Long. 8 mm.

?. Clypeus with two small teeth on each side ; second

joint of the flageilum short, but longer by about one-third

than the third joint, apical joint distinctly longer than the

penultimate. Posterior ocelli a little further from each other

than from the eyes. Median segment with the enclosed area

longitudinally striated, not reticulate, short and broad, the

apex of the enclosed area broadly rounded and distinctly

depressed below the dorsal surface towards the posterior slope,

which is finely transversely striated and without lateral

spines or tubercles, Spine of the hind coxa originating near

the middle of the inner margin, not at the apex. Third

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 23

342 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial ITymenoptera.

abscissa of the radius a little longer than the second, cubitus

of hind wing originating at a distance from the transverse

median nervure equal to two and a half times the length of

that nervure.

Hab. Pakasa, N. Rhodesia (Silverlock).

This is near melanopyrus, Sm,, but differs in the sculpture

of the median segment, the absence of the lateral spines on

that segment, the greater length of the apical joint of the

flagellum, and in the presence of a distinct groove reaching

from eye to eye behind the posterior ocelli.

Paranysson hehoryctotdes, Turn,

Nysson helioryctoides, Turn, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) ix. p. 416

(1912). 9.

©. Nigra; abdomine, femoribus, tibiis tarsisque rufo-ferrugineis ;

alis fusco-violaceis,

Long. 7 mm,

2. Clypeus broad, without lateral teeth; second joint of

the flagellum equal to the third, apical joint no longer than

the penultimate. Posterior ocelli nearly twice as far from

each other as from the eyes. Median segment very coarsely

reticulate, the apical margin above the posterior truncation

transverse, not rounded, and margined by a carina; the

surface of the posterior truncation striato-punctate, with a

small triangular spine on each side near the middle; the

sides of the segment strongly striate, Third abscissa of the

radius more than half as long again as the second, Cubitus

of the hind wing originating at a distance beyond the trans-

verse median nervure equal to about twice the length of that

nervure,

Hab. Pakasa, N. Rhodesia (Silverlock).

This is a true Paranysson, having the mandibles excised on

the outer margin and only one spine at the apex of the inter-

mediate tibise, differing in these points from MNysson. ‘The

hind coxze have no spine beneath, but there is a small

tubercle,

Paranysson assimilis, Bingh.

Helioryctes assimilis, Bingh. Fauna Brit. India, Hymen. 1. p, 271 (1897).

dQ.

©. Nigra; abdomine ferrugineo ; tegulis, femoribus apice, tibiisque

fusco-ferrugineis ; tarsis brunneo-testaceis, alis hyalinis apice

pallide infuscatis,

¢g. Femine similis,

Long. 6-7 mm,

Mr. R. KE, Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. — 3.43

9. Clypeus broad, with two small teeth on each side.

Second joint of the flagellum short, scarcely as long as the

third, apical joint no longer than the penultimate, Posterior

ocelli separated from the eyes by a distance scarcely exceeding

one-half of their own diameter, more than three tisnes as far

from each other as from the eyes, Median segment with the

enclosed area very coarsely reticulate, a small blunt tubercle

on each side of the posterior truneation, Tubercle on the

hind coxze very minute and indistinct, Third abscissa of the

radius at least half as long again as the second, origin of

cubitus of hind wing separated from the transverse median

nervure by more than twice the length of that nervure,

Hab, Tenasserim (Bingham),

Paranysson foxii, Ashm,

Pseudohelioryctes fowti, Ashm, Can. Entom. xxxi. p. 248 (1899). 9,

Helioryctes melanopyrus, Fox, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,

p. 554 (1896, nec Smith).

I have not seen this species, and the description is very

insufficient.

“ Female.—Length 14 mm. Head, thorax, antennex, and

all coxe and trochanters black ; rest of legs and the abdomen,

except the pygidium above (which is dusky), ferruginous;

wings fuscous black.”

In the generic description he mentions that there is no

coxal spine,

Genus SpHoprortes, Kolil.

The species of this genus may be distinguished from

Sericophorus and Zoyphium by the petiolate second cubital

cell, by the coarse sculpture, by the comparatively small

pulvilli, and by the antennze, which are normal, not clavate,

thirteen-jointed in the males, instead of twelve-jointed, as in

those genera.

‘The genus is confined to Australia, and seems to be widely

spread, though the species are not found commonly. When

captured they make a buzzing sound, similar to that made by

some of the larger species of Crabro and Pison.

Type of the genus, S. punctuosus, Kohl.

The species do not differ yery greatly structurally ; in all

the second and third joints of the flagellum are almost equal

and the posterior ocelli are nearly equidistant from the eyes

and from each other. The most important structural differ-

ences are on the median segment and second ventral segment,

There is no pygidial area,

238

344 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

Ashmead places this genus in his Pisoninze together with

his genus Pseudohelioryctes, which I treat as a synonym of

Paranysson. But I consider the entire eyes and incised

mandibles remove it from that group, though the genus is

the most isolated of the present subfamily, and some doubt

as to the correct position is justifiable. The incised man-

dibles and single spur of the intermediate tibiae remove it

from the Nyssonine. The mandibles of S. rubricatus, the

only species in which I have been able to study the inner

margin, have two small teeth near the base, as in the other

genera of the subfamily. This points to the correctness of

Koll’s views as to the relationship of the genus.

Key to the Species of Sphodrotes.

oo.

1, Second ventral segment angular at the base

and subtuberculate ; abdomen black ...... 8. cygnorwm, Turn.

Second ventral segment rounded at the base,

not subtuberculate; abdomen not wholly

leche cies See Seb pa 3 a eee ee shltas ep (hee

2. Abdomen wholly ferruginous red...., sang me . SS. rubricatus, Turn,

Basal abdominal segment only ferruginous;

the other segments with the apical margin

narrowly ferruginous brown covered with

golden pubescemee ©... 555.5.. 5.00. a. S. marginalis, Turn.

3d.

1. First recurrent nervure interstitial with the first

transverse cubital nervure .............. S. pilosellus, Turn.

Both recurrent nervures received by the second

Cubitalscell.. 7. cer tur tei cu eee eee 2

2. Abdomen black; median segment without tu-

bercles on the sides of the posterior trun-

CALVON Sv aite se sink Miples gk Mame ep ee etr S. punctuosus, Kohl.

Abdomen more or less ferruginous; a blunt tu-

bercle on each side of the median segment,

near the middle of the posterior truncation. SS. rubricatus, Turn.

Sphodrotes punctuosus, Kohl.

Sphodrotes punctuosus, Kohl], Ann. naturh. Hofmus. Wien, iv. p. 189

(1889). ¢.

g. Niger; mandibulis, antennis, articulis tribus apicalibus ex-

ceptis, femoribus apice, tibiis tarsisque ferrugineis ; tegulis fusco-

ferrugineis; alis hyalinis, leviter infuscatis, venis fusco-ferru-

gineis.

Long. 9 mm.

g. Coarsely punctured, an obscure longitudinal carina on

the scutellum ; median segment punctured-rugose, with an

Mr. R. BE. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 345

obscure median carina, no spines or tubercles on the sides of

the segment; first dorsal segment broad, not strongly nar-

rowed to the base. Third cubital cell nearly half as long

again on the radius as on the cubitus.

Hab. Mt. Kosciusko, N.S.W. (Australian Museum) ;

Kaglehawk Neck, ‘Tasmania ( Zurner).

Sphodrotes eygnorum, Turn,

Sphodrotes cygnorum, Turn. Proe. Zool. Soe. London, p. 349 (1910). Q.

2. Nigra, pedibus ferrugineis; mandibulis tegulisque fusco-ferru-

giueis ; alis hyalinis, leviter infuscatis, venis fusco-ferrugineis,

Long. 10 mm.

?. Coarsely punctured, more finely on the abdomen than

on the thorax ; median segment very coarsely rugose, longi-

tudinally striated at the base, abruptly truncate posteriorly,

with a blunt tubercle on each side of the truncation near the

middle, the sides of the segment striated at the base. Abdo-

men broad at the base, first ventral segment with a tubercle

beneath, second strongly angular at the base and sub-

tuberculate. Third cubital cell very slightly longer on the

radius than on the cubitus.

Hab. Claremont, near Perth, W. Australia (Giles).

The flageilum is missing in the type. This is nearer to

punctuosus than to any of the other species, but differs in the

shape of the third cubital cell, in the tubercles on the sides of

the median segment, and in the angular and subtuberculate

base of the second ventral segment. Ido not think that

these distinctions are merely sexual.

Sphodrotes pilosellus, Turn.

Sphodrotes pilosellus, Turn. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p.427 (1910). ¢.

3. Niger; scapo, flagello subtus, callis humeralibus, tegulis pedi-

busque brunneo-ferrugineis; abdomine segmento primo toto,

segmentisque 2-7 margine apicali fusco-ferrugineis ; alis hyalinis,

leviter infuscatis ; venis fuscis, stigmate testaceo.

Long. 7 mm.

g- Clypeus, front, pronotum, mesopleure, angles of the

median segment, aud apical margins of the abdominal seg-

ments clothed with short golden pubescence. Second and

third joints of the flagellum equal ; posterior ocelli as far

from each other as from the eyes. Coarsely and closely

punctured ; median segment coarsely rugose, with a median

carina not reaching the apex, a tubercular prominence on

346 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

each side of the posterior truncation near the middle. First

recurrent nervure interstitial with the first transverse cubital

nervure, third cubital cell longer on the radius than on the

cubitus.

Hab. Cairns, Queensland (Dodd),

Very near S. marginalis described in this paper.

Sphodrotes marginalis, sp. n.

2. Nigra; mandibulis, scapo, flagello dimidio basali, tegulis, seg-

mento abdominali primo nonnunquam infuscato, segmento sexto,

femoribus supra, tibiis tarsisque ferrugineis ; segmentis dursalibus

2-5 margine apicali brunneis, aureo-pilosis; alis hyalinis, venis

testaceis.

Long. 9 mm.

@. Clypeus covered with shining golden pubescence, very

feebly convex; second joint of the flagellum equal to the

third, more than twice as long as the first; posterior ocelli

as far from each other as from the eyes. Head and thorax

coarsely and closely punctured ; scutellum longitudinally

rugose-striate ; pronotum covered on the upper margin with

golden pubescence. Median segment very coarsely reticulate,

narrowed and rounded posteriorly ; the surface of the steep

posterior slope covered with golden pubescence, with a

median sulcus and with a small acute spine on each side near

the middle. Abdomen more finely and shallowly punctured ;

second ventral segment rounded at the base, not angular

or tuberculate; first segment narrow at the base. Pulvilli

long, forked at the apex when extended. ‘Third cubital cell

distinctly longer on the radius than on the cubitus, first

recurrent nervure received by the second cubital cell at a

distance from the base equal to the length of the petiole of

the second cubital cell.

Hab. Marybcrough, 8S. Queensland; Brisbane (Hacker).

In the Bii-bane specimen there is a distinct longitudinal

carina on the median segment, which is present, though more

indistinct, in the Maryborough specimen.

It is possible that this may be the female of pilosellus, but

in that species the first recurrent nervure is interstitial with

the first transverse cubital nervure, and the cubitus of the

hind wing originates nearer to the transverse median nervure.

The first abdominal segment is much more strongly narrowed

to the base in this species than in pzlosedlus.

Sphodrotes rubricatus, Turn.

Sphodrotes rubricatus, Turn. Trans. Ent. Soe. London, p. 426 (1910),

2d.

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossortal Hymenoptera. — 347

@. Nigra; mandibulis, tegulis, abdomine pedibusque rufo-ferru-

gineis; alis hyalinis, leviter infuscatis, venis fuscis, stigmate

testaceo ; antennis ferrugineis, infuscatis.

Long. 8 mm,

3. Femine similis; abdomine apice infuscato,

?. Coarsely and closely punctured ; median segment very

coarsely longitudinally rugose-striate, the surface of the

posterior truncation coarsely transversely rugose-striate, with

a short stout spine on each side near the middle, the sides of

the segment obliquely striated. Abdomen broad at the base,

second ventral segment rounded at the base, not angular or

subtuberculate. Third cubital cell nearly half as long again

on the radius as on the cubitus.

3. As in the female, with a spine on the sides of the

median segment as in the female, the abdomen more coarsely

punctured.

Hab. Adelaide.

Genus SERICOPHORUS, Sm.

This genus is distinguished from Sphodrotes by the appen-

diculate radial cell, by the pointed, not petiolate, second

cubital cell, by the absence of coarse puncturation, by the

shorter and more or less clavate antenne, and by the more

conical form of the abdomen, also by the twelve-jointed

antenne of the male. From Zoyphium it can only be distin-

guished by the appendiculate radial cell, and it is very

doubttul if the two can be permanently retained as separate

genera, The very large pulvillus also distinguishes both of

these from Sphodr otes.

The genus is confined to Australia.

Type of the genus, S. chalybeus, Sm.

In his description of this genus (‘Gattungen der Sphe-

giden,’ p. 389) Kohl says “ Tubercula humeralia alarum

tegulas attingunt.” This is a mistake; probably “non”

has been accidentally omitted.

Key to the Species of Sericophorus.

1. Abdomen testaceous red ..........4. rere S. becolor, Sm,

Abdomen otherwise coloured ............0005 :

2. Scutellum in the middle and first dorsal segment

at the base strongly subtuberculate ...... .. §S. chalybeus, Sm,

Seutellum and first dorsal segment without tu-

herelesa si § fad wd ile Waa s sit wird ota ed 3,

3, Apical joint of the antennze ‘broadly obliquely

truncate at the apex; clypeus with two

strong teeth on each side of the median lobe. S. viridis, Sauss.

348 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

Apical joint of the antenne conical; teeth of

the clypeus either absent or very small .... 4.

4, Teeth of the clypeus wholly absent; colour

preeiish blue aka <ssecc sek ook oe ee . S. elaviger, Kohl,

Teeth of the clypeus very small, abdomen bronze. _S. relucens, Sm.

dod.

1. Antenne thirteen-jointed ; median segment with

a distinct semicircular basal area; a spine on

each side of the median segment near the

base; second ventral segment with a strong

transverse CaTINA,.....-..secsceveeeeenss S. abnormis, Turn.

Antenne twelve-jointed ; median seement with-

out a distinct basal area or lateral spines ;

second ventral segment without a carina.... 2.

2. Scutellum and base of first dorsal segment

strongly subtuberculate ............ . S&S. chalybeus, Sm.

Scutellum and base of first dorsal segment not

subbuberculater (cca Ganeeeee eines & 3.

. Club of antennze very thick, obliquely truncate

at the apex; joints 8-6 of the flagellum

toothed beneath. . 24.50% «suka enolase ste S. viridis, Sauss.

Club of antenne conical ; joints of the flagellum

not rounded or toothed beneath .......... S. relucens, Sm,

Sericophorus chalybeus, Sm.

Sericophorus chalybeus, Sm. Ann. & Mag. Nat, Hist. (2) vii. p. 32

(1851). Q.

Tachyrrhostus cyaneus, Sauss. Mem. soc. phys. & hist. nat. Genéve, xiv.

p. 26 (1854). 9.

se idual antennarum flagello, femoribus apice, tibiis tarsisque

rufo-testaceis ; alis hyalinis, venis nigris.

3. Femine similis; femoribus omnino rufo-testaceis,

Long., 9 11 mm., g 7 mm.

?.. Clypeus broadly rounded at the apex, with two teeth

on each side of the median lobe of the clypeus on the apical

margin ; penultimate joint of the antenne very little broader

than long, the apical joint a little longer than the breadth at

the base, subconical, hollowed on the inner side at the apex.

Front with a short longitudinal carina situated about halfway

between the anterior ocellus and the base of the clypeus ;

posterior occlli nearly twice as far from each other as from

the eyes. Mesonotum with four distinct shallow grooves

from the anterior margin reaching nearly to the middle of

the segment ; scutellum strongly convex and subtuberculate

in the “middle ; ; median segment with a longitudinal sulcus

from base to apex, in which lies a low carina, First dorsal

segment subtuberculate in the middle at the base. The

posterior truncation of the median segment rather irregularly

transversely striated. Second cubital cell almost pointed on

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 349

the radial nervure, receiving the second recurrent nervure at

one-quarter from its apex, the first recurrent nervure received

nearly twice as far from the apex of the first cubital cell.

g. As in the female; the teeth on the clypeus a little

smaller; antenna twelve-jointed, the apical joint obliquely

truncate on the outer side; the joints of the flagellum not

spinose beneath as in viridis; tubercles of the scutellum and

first dorsal segment as in the female.

Hab. Australia (Smith); Eaglehawk Neck, 8.E. Tas-

mania (Turner) ; Kalamunda, 8.W. Australia (Turner).

Four females taken in Tasmania and one male in S.W.

Australia. ‘This species appears to be searcer than S. viridis.

Sericophorus viridis, Sauss.

Tachyrrhostus viridis, Sauss. Mem. soc. phys. & hist. nat. Genéve, xiv.

p.25 (1854). 9.

Sericophorus viridis, Sauss. Mélang. Hymen. i, p. 69 (1854),

9. Cyanea; abdomine viridi-eeneo, nonnumquam cyaneo; clypeo,

antennis, tegulis, segmento abdominali sexto pedibusque rufo-

testaceis ; alis hyalinis, venis nigris.

dg. Feminez similis; femoribus basi nigris, segmentis abdominalibus

duobus apicalibus rufo-testaceis ; clypeo nigro.

Long., 9 9-ll mm., ¢ 7 mm.

9. Clypeus broadly subtruncate at the apex, with two

small, but distinct teeth on each side of the median lobe,

depressed from near the base and forming a large broad

triangle. Antenne thickened towards the apex, the apical

joint very stout, as broad as long and obliquely truncate on

the outer side; the eighth, ninth, and tenth joints of the

flagellum broader than long. Posterior ocelli less than twice

as far from each other as trom the eyes. Front convex in

the middle, with a very short longitudinal sulcus halfway

between the anterior ocellus and the base of the elypeus.

Thorax closely and finely punctured, the pronotum very

steeply sloped, the mesonotum with two parallel longitudinal

grooves reaching from the anterior margin to the middle;

scutellum without a tubercle, median segment with a broad

deep groove from the base to the apex. First dorsal seg-

ment shorter than in chalybeus, broad and vertically truncate

anteriorly. Second cubital cell almost pointed on the

radius, receiving the second recurrent nervure at one-quarter

from the apex, the first recurrent nervure received at nearly

twice the distance from the apex of the first cubital cell.

g. Antenne stouter at the apex than in the female,

twelve-jointed, the third to sixth joints of the flagellum each

with a small spine or tubercle beneath.

350 Mr. R.E. Turner on Fosserial Hymenoptera.

Hab. Woodford, New South Wales (G. A. Waterhouse) ;

Perth, West Australia (Zurner).

This species seems to be commoner than chalybeus. ‘There

is, however, only one male in the British Museum from

Smith’s collection, with the locality ‘‘ Australia.” :

Sericophorus claviger, Kohl.

Tachyrhostus claviger, Kohl, Ann. natur. Hofmus. Wien, vii. p. 229

(1892). 9.

Sericophorus claviger, D. T., Cat. Hym. viii. p. 578 (1897).

©. Viridi-cyanea ; mandibulez ex parte, tibie, tarsi et segmentum

anale ferruginea.

Long. 7 mm.

@. Kohl compares this species with chalybeus, from

which it differs in the absence of teeth on the clypeus, in the

conical apical joint of the flagellum, and in the shape of the

third to seventh joints of the flagellum, which somewhat

resemble those of the male of viridis. Kohl does not mention

any tubercle on the scutellum or first dorsal segment, so I

conclude that they are not present in this species.

Hab. ‘“ Australia.”

I have not seen this species, but Kohl’s figures of the

clypeus and antennee show that it is distinet from viridis and

chalybeus, to the first of which it seems to be most nearly

allied.

Sericophorus relucens, Sm.

Sericophorus relucens, Sm. Cat. Hym. B.M. iv. p. 857 (1856). ©.

? Zoyphium rufipes, Rohwer, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xl. p. 585 (1911).

9. Nigro-sznea, capite thoraceque opacis; segmento mediano

abdomineque fulgentibus; pronoto utrinque pallide flavo; man-

dibulis, antennis subtus tegulisque fusco-ferrugineis ; scutello,

postscutello pedibusque ferrugineis.

¢. Femine similis; segmento abdominali primo ferrugineo, seg-

mentis duobus apicalibus rufo-testaceis.

Long., Q 7-8 mm., ¢ 5 mm. ]

@. Clypeus transverse at the apex, with two very small

teeth on each side, not always distinct when the mandibles

are closed. Antenne very short, thickened towards the

apex, the third to tenth joints of the flagellum broader than

long, the apical joint conical, Front without a distinct

sulcus, the posterior ocelli more than twice as far from each

other as from the eyes. Pronotum transverse, not depressed

below the mesonotum ; a transverse foveolate groove at the

base of the scutellum; median segment with a very broad

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. — 351

median depression which is fully half as broad as long, and

in which lies a strong longitudinal carina, the depression

distinctly margined, the posterior truncation of the segment

with a strong median carina. First abdominal segment

strongly rounded at the basal angles, not truncate. The

whole insect finely and closely punctured, and clothed in

many places with short sericeous pubescence. Second cubital

cell pointed, receiving the second recurrent nervure at about

one-third from the apex, first recurrent nervure received at

a slightly greater distance from the apex of the first cubital

cell.

3. Antenne twelve-jointed, the apical joint conical,

slightly hollowed on the outer side ; tibia much less spinose

than in the female.

Hab. Cape Yoik (Turner) ; Cairns (Turner) ; Townsville

(Dodd) ; Mackay, Q. (Turner) ; Richmond River, N.S.W.

(G. A. Waterhouse); Killalpanima, S.A. (41. J. Hillier) ;

Adelaide (Smith, type) ; Yallingup, S.W. Australia (Turner).

The commonest species of the genus. Rohwer’s descrip-

tion of Zoyphium rufipes answers to this species very well,

but he does not mention the bronze colour of the abdomen or

the appendiculate radial cell.

Sericophorus bicolor, Sm.

Sericophorus bicolor, Sm. Ann. & Mag. Nat, Hist. (4) xii. p. 405 (1873),

9. Atro-cerulea; mandibulis, antennis, abdomine pedibusque

rufo-testaceis ; alis hyalinis, venis testaceis.

Long. 7 mm.

9. Clypeus very broadly rounded at the apex, without

lateral teeth. Head and thorax very closely and finely

punctured, a shallow longitudinal suleus on the front ex-

tending from the anterior ocellus more than halfway to the

base of the clypeus ; posterior ocelli nearly three times as

far from each other as from the eyes. Pronotum almost

vertical ; the median segmeut with a broad longitudinal

groove, which broadens from the base to the apex. Radial

cell with a distinct appendix ; second cubital cell pointed on

the radius, receiving the second recurrent nervure at about

one-fifth from the apex, first recurrent nervure received at

the same distance from the apex of the first cubital cell.

Hab. Swan River, Western Australia.

The apical joints of the antenne are missing in the type,

which is unique.

Superficially the resemblance to Zoyphium erythrosoma,

Turn., is very strong.

352 Mr. R. E. Turner on Possorial Hymenoptera.

The median segment is margined laterally in this species

by an enclosed narrow area, strongly striated.

Sericophorus abnormis, sp. n.

¢. Fusco-eneus ; mandibulis basi, scapo, flagello articulo primo,

tegulis, femoribus apice, tibiis tarsisque flavis; segmentis abdo-

minalibus fascia angusta apicali sordide albida; femoribus supra

fusco-ferrugineis.

Long. 6 mm.

3. Mandibles strongly excised beneath; clypeus sub-

truncate at the apex, without teeth. Antenne short, their

length not equal to the breadth of the head, thirteen-jointed,

the joints broader than long except the conical apical joint.

Hyes diverging both towards the vertex and towards the

clypeus ; posterior ocelli more than twice as far from the

eyes as from each other. Head and thorax minutely punc-

tured, and clothed with very short golden pubescence,

changing to silver on the front and clypeus. Postscutellum

raised into a distinct tubercle in the middle. Median seg-

ment with a well-developed tubercle on each side near the

base ; most of the dorsal surface occupied by a well-defined

semicircular basal area, which is longitudinally rugose-

striate, divided by a broad but shallow longitudinal groove ;

abdomen opaque ; the second ventral segment with a strongly

raised transverse carina near the middle. Hind tibize with a

row of spines on the outer margin, pulvilli well developed,

but not abnormally large as in other species of the genus ;

a small tubercle on the mesosternum in front of the inter-

mediate coxse. Radial cell with an appendix ; second cubital

cell almost pointed on the radius, receiving the second

recurrent nervure at one-fifth from the apex, first recurrent

nervure received at the same distance from the apex of the

first cubital cell.

Hab. Yallingup, 8.W. Australia; December.

I took a single male of this curious species, for which a

new genus will probably have to be erected when more

material is available. The difference in the structure of the

antenne, median segment, second ventral segment, and

pulvilli should be sufficient to separate it from Sericophorus,

though the neuration is the same. The apical joint of the

tarsi is not thickened as in both sexes of other species of

Sericophorus and in some species of Zoyphium.

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. = 353

Genus Zoyrpnium, Kohl.

This genus can only be separated from Sericophorus by

the absence of an appendix to the radial cell of the fore

wing. None of the other characters found in the species are

comimon to all of the genus, and some of the species resemble

Sericophorus very closely.

‘Type of the genus, Z. sericeum, Koll.

The apical joint of the tarsi is thickened in most of the

species, in both sexes in Z, erythrosoma, but not in Z. rufo-

nigrum and Z. doddi, both of which are only known in the

male sex. The spine on each side of the first abdominal

segment, mentioned by Kohl in his description of the genus,

seems to be a character confined to the type-species,

Key to the Species of Zoyphium.

a ee

1, Two cubital cells only, the second transverse

cubital nervure obsolete ; front as high as

the middle of the inner orbit of the eye

MINN 2s lin ab Sas stale So ake Mia Uae Saw 2 Z. frontale, Turn.

Three cubital cells; front black .......... 2.

2. Abdomen entirely black .............+-++- 3.

Abdomen not entirely black .............. 5.

3. Clypeus convex, porrect at the apex; pro-

notum margined with whitish yellow .. Z. funebre, Turn,

Clypeus not porrect at the apex, pronotum

EU MIBEMP a ate ie cc sks seis em ans 2 oie 4,

4. Antenne black, clypeus with two small teeth

on each side, first recurrent nervure almost

interstitial with the first transverse cubital

HOWWMED eis ie'a Li i. dae the Sale te tee Z. iridipenne, Turn.

Antennie testaceous brown; clypeus without

teeth, first recurrent nervure received at a

distance from the apex of the first cubital

cell equal to more than half the length of

the first transverse cubital nervure...... Z. kohlii, Turn.

5. First abdominal segment with a tubercle on

GaCll SWIG So ina de ce cee eee ee Z. sericeum, Kohl,

First abdominal segment without a tubercle

on gank aides, 4's 4.2).Wee ad aniaae ates s 6.

6. Thorax blackish blue ; abdomen wholly testa-

P60US Ted. * os ae:cadenben ae oder ee . Z, erythrosoma, Turn.

Thorax and basal and apical abdominal seg

ments testaceous brown, remainder ‘of

sudomen black . 1. «uesevedens reese 2 « Z dipteroides, Turn.

3d.

1. Abdomen wholly rufo-testaceous .......... Z. erythrosoma, Turn,

Abdomen wholly black ..:............... 2.

2. Mesonotum and median segment ferruginous

PR Ce reste cre. ey Cen Z. rufonigrum, Turn,

Mesonotum and median segment black 3.

354 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

3. Hypopygium truncate at the apex, with a

median spine ......ee-ee eh ek awe nite Z. doddi, Turn.

Hypopygium without a spine.......... were Z, crassicarne, Ckll.

Zoyphium dipteroides, Turn,

Sericophorus dipterotdes, Turn. Ann. & Mag, Nat. Hist. (7) xix. p. 275

(1907). 9.

Zoyphium dipteroides, Turn. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, (8) x. p, 66

(1912). Q.

Q. Testaceo-brunnea; mandibulis apice, fronte, vertice, segmentis

abdominalibus 2-5 pulvillisque nigris ; alis hyalinis, venis ferry-

gineo-testaceis.

Long. 7 mm.

¢. Ciypeus broadly subtruncate at the apex, without

lateral teeth ; antenne gradually thickened to the apex, tle

apical joint conical, longer than broad, the three penultimate

joints broader than long. Posterior ocelli nearly twice as

tar from each other as from the eyes. Pronotum vertical,

depressed below the mesonotum; median segment short, with

a transverse foveolate groove at the base which joins a longi-

tudinal median groove, Abdomen conical, the basal segment

very short and broad, abruptly truncate at the base. Radial

cell without an appendix, second cubital cell pointed on the

radial nervure, receiving the second recurrent nervure at one=

third from the apex, first recurrent nervure received rather

nearer to the apex of the first cubital cell, Pulvilli very

large. |

Hab. Cairns, Q. (Turner),

The type is still unique in the British Museum. In the

shape of the abdomen the species approaches Sericophorus

viridis, and is altogether much more robust than any other

species of Zoyphium.

Zoyphium sericeum, Kohl,

Zoyphium sericeum, Kohl, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xliii, p, 571

(1893). ?.

Q. Nigra; mandibulis basi, clypeo, scapo, pronoto linea transversa,

callis humeralibus, tibiisque intermediis et posticis supra flavis ;

flagello articulis basalibus, pronoto, scutello, postscutello, tegulis,

pedibusque rufo-ferrugineis ; abdomine aurichalceo-sericeo,

Long. 11 mm.

9. Clypeus with two distinct teeth on each side. Poste-

rior ocelli nearly twice as far from each other as from the

eyes; apical joint of the antenne stout and conical, about

twice as long as the penultimate. A tooth on each side of

the first abdominal segment near the middle,

TIab. Adelaide.

Mr. R, E. Turner on Fossorial Lymenoptera. 355

There is no specimen of this in the British Museum. It

is larger than other species of the genus, though not so robust

as Z. dipteroides. The ferruginous colour spreads more or

less on to the median segment and first abdominal segment.

Zoyphium erythrosoma, Turn.

Zoyphium erythrosoma, Turn. Proc, Zool. Soc. London, p. 493 (1908).

ON,

?. Nigra, cerulescens; mandibulis basi, clypeo, scapo, femoribus

apice, tibiis tarsisque flavis; abdomine flagelloque rufo-testaceis,

tegulis fuscis ; alis hyalinis, venis pallide ferrugineis,

Long., 9 8-9 mm., ¢ 7 mm.

d. Femine similis, clypeo nigro.

?. Clypeus with two minute teeth on each side; antenne

inserted more than half as far again from each other as from

the eyes, joints 6-11 broader than long, the apical joint stout

and conical. Pronotum depressed below the level of the

mesonotum ; a deep foveolate transverse groove at the base

of the scutellum. Sulcus of the median segment narrow, the

carina in it not extending halfway to the apex, a few short

oblique striz at the base of the segment. Second recurrent

nervure received just before two-thirds from the base of the

second cubital cell, first at about the same distance on the

basal side of the first transverse cubital nervure,

3. Hypopygium pointed, with a spine on each side near

the apex,

Hab. Townsville (Dodd); Mackay (Turner) ; Brisbane

(Hacker),

In colour this resembles Sericophorus bicolor, though the

clypeus in that species is blue-black and the legs the same

colour as the abdomen. The first abdominal segment is

much more rounded at the base in this species, the sulcus on

the median segment much narrower and shallower, and the

neuration different. ‘The median segment in bicolor is mar-

gined at the sides and has a small striated area above the

metapleure, .

Zoyphium funebre, Turn.

Sericophorus funebris, Turn, Ann, & Mag, Nat. Hist. (7) xix. p: 276

(1907). 9.

Zoyphium funebris, Turn, Ann, & Mag, Nat. Hist. (8) x. p. 60 (1912).

2. Nigra; mandibulis, pronoto linea interrupta tegulisque flavis ;

tibiis, tarsis femoribusque apice brunneo-ferrugineis ; alis hya-

linis, venis fusco-testaceis,

Long. 6 mm.

355 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

¢. Clypeas much elevated in the middle and strongly

porrect at the apex. Antenne short, the joints (except the

conical apical joint) broader than long; a very short longi-

tudinal carina above the base of the antenne. Posterior

ocelli twice as far from each other as from the eyes. Median

segment with a groove in which lies a carina running from

the base to the apex; the pronotum not sunk below the

mesonotum as much as in most species of the genus. First

abdominal segment rounded at the base. Second cubital

cell pointed on the radius, receiving the second recurrent

nervure at one-third from the apex, first recurrent nervure

received at about the same distance from the apex of the first

cubital cell.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland (Turner).

There are two distinct longitudinal carinze on the sides of

the median segment in this species, the space between them

is punctured, not striated as in the similar space in Serico-

phorus bicolor.

Zoyphium rufonigrum, Turn.

Zoyphium rufonigrum, Turn. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 494 (1908).

Giic

g. Niger; mandibulis, clypeo, pronoto, mesonoto segmentoque

mediano rufo-ferrugineis; scapo, flagello articulo apical, tibiis

tarsisque flavo-testaceis; alis hyalinis, iridescentibus, venis

fuscis.

Long. 4 mm.

&. Clypeus narrowly depressed on the apical margin,

without lateral teeth ; apical joint of the flagellum conical,

longer than broad, joints 6-10 broader than long, the an-

tenn twelve-jointed. Posterior ocelli about twice as far

from each other as from the eyes ; front with a very short

shallow sulcus. Pronotum not sunk much below the meso-

notum, the hind angles rather prominent. Median segment

rounded at the apex, with a longitudinal sulcus in which lies

a carina. Hypopygium subtruncate at the apex, with a

minute spine. Second cubital cell pointed, receiving the

second recurrent nervure at about one-third from the apex,

first recurrent nervure received at a rather greater distance

from the apex of the first cubital cell.

Hab. Port Darwin (G. Turner).

Zoyphium iridipenne, sp. n.

2, Nigra; mandibulis basi pallide flavidulis; tegulis pedibusque

ferrugineis ; alis hyalinis iridescentibus, venis nigris,

Long. 5 mm,

- .

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. = 357 .

@. Head and thorax opaque, very minutely punctured ;

clypeus broadly truncate at the apex, with two small teeth

on each side, subcarinate in the middle at the base ; joints of

the flagellum gradually increasing in thickness from the

second to the twelfth ; apical joint conical, as broad as long ;

ocelli in a broad triangle, the posterior pair twice as far from

each other as from the eyes. Basal area of the median

segment finely obliquely striated at the sides, with a median

longitudinal carina not quite reaching the broadly rounded

apex. Abdomen subconical, shining, very minutely punc-

tured, the apical segment very narrowly rounded at the apex

and more distinctly punctured. Hind tibiz with five short

spines on the outer margin. Second cubital cell very short

on the radial nervure, almost triangular, the third cubital

cell half as long again on the cubitus as on the radius; first

recurrent nervure received close to the apex of the first

cubital cell, second at three-quarters from the base of the

second cubital cell; radial cell without an appendix.

Hab. Eaglehawk Neck, Tasmania ; February.

This is the first record of the genus from Tasmania.

Three specimens were taken on Leptospermum blossom and

one on a sandy road. Doubtless many small species of this

genus yet remain to be discovered in Australia.

Zoyphium kohliz, Turn.

Zoyphium kohlit, Turn. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 495 (1908). 9.

@. Nigra; mandibulis, antennis, tegulis pedibusque brunneo-

testaceis ; alis hyalinis, iridescentibus, venis fuscis.

Long. 6 mm.

@?. Clypeus with a short tooth on each side. Antenne

inserted only a little further from each other than from the

eyes, the joints of the flagellum broader than long, except

the large conical apical joint. MHyes somewhat convergent

towards the vertex, the posterior ocelli very near to the

eyes. Pronotum gradually sloped, sunk a little below the

mesonotum. Median segment with a very shallow longi-

tudinal sulcus in which lies a carina ; first abdominal seg-

ment rounded at the base. Second recurrent nervure received

at three-fifths from the base of the second cubital cell, first

received at about an equal distance from the apex of the first

cubital cell.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland (Turner).

Zoyphium doddi, Turn.

Zoyphium doddi, Turn. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) x. p. 59 (1912). g,

3. Niger; clypeo, mandibulis, scapo pedibusque flavis; flagello

Ann. & May. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 24

358 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

tegulisque testaceis, alis hyalinis, venis testaceis; stigmate

fusco.

Long. 4 mm.

3. Clypeus broad, without lateral teeth ; antennz short,

all the joints of the flagellum broader than long, except the

second and eleventh (apical), the eleventh conical. Posterior

ocelli more than twice as far from the eyes as from each

other; the front covered with short golden pubescence.

Pronotum not much below the mesonotum, gradually sloped.

A deep foveolate groove at the base of the scutellum ; median

segment with a shallow longitudinal sulcus in which lies.a

carina, the base of the segment indistinctly obliquely striated.

Second cubital cell pointed, receiving the second recurrent

nervure at one-third from the apex.

Hab. Cairns, Queensland (Dodd).

Zoyphium crassicorne, Ckll.

Zoyphium crassicorne, Ckll. Canadian Entom. p. 271 (1914). ¢.

¢. Niger; pedibus aurantiacis; clypeo, mandibulis antennisque

pallide ferrugineis; flagello supra infuscato ; alis hyalinis, venis

fusco-ferrugineis, basi pallidis.

Long. 5 mm.

¢. The antenne are more strongly clubbed than in any

other known species of the genus ; the hypopygium is not

produced into an apical spine as in the other known males.

The apex of the abdomen “ presents a broad slightly rounded

truncation with obtuse but salient angles.”

Hab. Brisbane (Hacker).

I have not been able to examine the type of this species

closely, but it is quite distinct. Cockerell considers it more

nearly allied to 7. doddi than to any other.

Zoyphium frontale, Turn.

Zoyphium frontale, Turn. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 496 (1908).

dQ.

@. Nigra; clypeo, fronte scapoque flavis; flagello, tegulis pedi-

busque brunneo-testaceis ; scutello postscutelloque fusco-ferrugi-

neis ; alis hyalinis, iridescentibus, venis fusco-ferrugineis. ;

Long. 5 mm.

3. Clypeus very broad, truncate at the apex, without

teeth ; antenne inserted twice as far from each other as from

the eyes, all the joints of the flagellum, except the thick,

conical, apical joint, broader than long. Posterior ocelli

more than twice as far from each other as from the eyes.

Pronotum sunk much below the level of the mesonotum ;

On a new Spectes of Tabanus from India. 359

median segment with a sulcus from the base in which lies a

carina, delicately obliquely striated at the base. Second

transverse cubital nervure missing, the first joining the

cubitus about halfway between the two recurrent nervures.

Hab, Mackay, Queensland (Turner).

This species may be distinguished by the absence of the

second transverse cubital nervure, by the very broad yellow

front, and by the distance between the antenne at the base.

Zoyphium rufipes, Rohw.

Zoyphium rufipes, Rohw. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xl. p. 585 (1911).

I have not seen the type of this species, but the description

answers so well to Sericophorus relucens that I suspect that

the name will have to sink as a synonym.

—

XLII.—A new Species of Tabanus from India.

By GERTRUDE RICARDO.

In a small collection of Tabanide sent me for identification

by M. Sureout from the Paris Museum the following new

species, represented by two males and two females, occurred :—

Tabanus trichinopolis, sp. n.

Male (type), female (type), from Trichinopoly (7. Cacus),

911; and another male and female from the same locality.

A small species belonging to Group I. with the subcallus

not showing. Eyes with cross-bands (see my table in

‘Records Indian Museum,’ iv. no. vi. p. 114, 1911). Frontal

calli consisting of two separate calli. Abdomen reddish

yellow, with four well-defined black stripes. Legs and an-

tenne yellow.

Length 8 mm. (male), 10 mm. (female).

Female.—Face covered with whitish tomentum, yellowish

above, with white pubescence on the lower half. Beard

white. Palpi stout, ending in a fine point, pale yellowish,

some black pubescence above and white hairs below at base.

Antenne pale yellow, only the first joint left. Forehead

covered with yellowish-grey tomentum, about five times as

long as it is wide anteriorly, about a third narrower ante-

riorly. Frontal callus olive-coloured, almost square, almost

reaching the eyes (in the other female it does so completely),

the second callus darker in colour, being brown, irregular in

360 . Miscellaneous.

shape, and smaller, far from the margin of eyes ; pubescence

short and scanty, pale. Hyes with two distinct cross-bands.

Thorax blackish, covered with greyish tomentum, which

leaves apparent a double median black stripe and lateral

stripes; pubescence on dorsum short but rather thick, con-

sisting chiefly of pale fulvous hairs, those on shoulders

darker and long. Scutellum same colouring, with a central

blackish spot. Abdomen tawny olive, greyer at base, with

four well-marked narrow black stripes, continued to apex ;

the last segment blackish, the first two segments covered

with grey tomentum ; the pubescence on * dorsum short,

chiefly black ; underside the same, with no black stripes.

Legs pale yellow, with white pubescence on the cox and

femora and black on the tibia and tarsi. Wings clear, with

yellow veins and fore border, the others brown.

Male.—Identical with female. yes with copper-coloured

large facets covering two-thirds of their surface, a narrow

border of small facets reach the vertex. Antenne yellow,

the first joint paler, the third joint with only an ag’ to

denote the tooth.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Some Further Notes on Lamellicorn Beetles of the Subfamily

Dynastine. By Girserr J. Arrow.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIII.

Fig. 1. Aideagus of Eophileurus celebensis, sp. n.

Fig. 2. ¥ “5 Javanus, sp. 0.

Fig. 3. ¥ x quadrigeminatus, sp. D.

Fig. 4. 5 ‘ pectoralis, sp. 0.

Fig. 5, % a planatus, Wied.

Fig. 6. p 9 andamanicus, sp. n.

Ge) ae 5) 43 siamensis, Sp. 0.

Tg. 8. ” cingalensis, Arrow.

Fig. 9. ¥ chinensis, Fald.

Fig. 10. ss Dasygnathus inermis, Blackb.

Fig. 1). + 9 impotens, Sp. N.

Fig. 12. * As hospes, sp. 0.

tg. 13. » ") globosus, sp. 0.

Fg. 14. 55 Cyphonistes sublevis, sp. n.

tg. 15. 5 Papuana angusta, sp. n.

36!

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[EIGHTH SERIES.]

No. 83. NOVEMBER 1914.

XLIII.—Descriptions and Records of Bees —LXII1.

By T. D. A. CockEre.., University of Colorado.

Melissodes helianthophila, sp. un.

6 .—Length about 10°5 mm., flagellum 8°5 mm.

Black, form of M. aurigenia; head and thorax with white

hair, faintly tinged with yellowish except on mesothorax ;

dise of scutellum with rather short fuscous hair; eyes light

green ; clypeus light lemon-yellow, except a black spot on

each side, and usual dark lower edge; labrum with about

the middle third yellow, the rest black ; mandibles with no

yellow spot; antennz very long, flagellum clear fulvous

beneath and strongly blackened above; third joint very

short; mesothorax and scutellum shining, sparsely punc-

tured ; tegule piceous, with white hair. Wings hyaline,

nervures subfuscous. Legs with white hair, orange ferrugi-

nous on inner side of tarsi; small joints of tarsi ferruginous.

Abdomen with thin white hair, forming very obscure bands ;

on apical part of first segment, and disc of second, is an

admixture of short fuscous hair, only visible in lateral view ;

hind margins of segments broadly hyaline (the first nar-

rowly), the junction of the hyaline with the black reddened ;

subapical spines black.

Hab. Boulder, Colorado, at flowers of Helianthus lenti-

cularis, June 16, 1914 (Cockerell).

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 25

362 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

This looks like M. aurigenia, but is readily separated by

~ the colour of the pubescence, dark mandibles, and dusky

nervures. From M. agilis subagilis it is easily known by the

much larger size, dusky nervures, and flagellum dark above.

It is very close to M. lupina, but that has a spot on mandibles,

and lacks the dark hair onscutellum. In my table in Trans.

Amer. Ent. Soc. xxxul. p. 77, it runs to M. perplexa, from

which it is readily known by the colours of clypeus and

labrum. It could also run close to M. gilensis, which differs

at once by the broadly black lateral margins of clypeus, the

black labrum, and dusky wings.

Melissodes bidentis, sp. n.

? .—Length 12 mm.

Black, the flagellum dark ferruginous beneath, except

basally, wings strongly suffused with brown; head and

thorax above with short dense pale ochreous hair, black at

sides of vertex ; hair of pleura pale ochreous, purplish black

along the front and on the lowest part; hair of legs black,

but the long scopa of hind tibiz and basal part of basitarsus

very pale reddish ochreous ; abdomen black, without pale

bands, the sides, venter, and apex with black hair. Very

close to M. enici, Rob., collected by Mr. Crawford at the

same locality, but at thistle flowers ; it differs from enici by

the uniformly smaller size ; the redder wings, with apex of

marginal cell more obtuse ; the pale hair of cheeks and

absence of black hair on scutellum. The mandibles are

black, with at most a faint reddish tinge at extreme apex.

Hab. West Point, Nebraska, 5 2, at flowers of Bidens,

Sept. 19-22, 1903 (J. C. Crawford). U.S. National

Museum.

Megachile mendica, Cresson.

A male from East Florida in the British Museum, from

the F. Smith collection, carries a manuscript name by

Smith, who doubtless had the species long before it was

published by Cresson. From the same source is also a male

M. petulans, Cresson, from EH. Florida.

Chelynia pavonina, Cockerell.

?.—Near Jimtown, Colorado, June 8, 1914 (W. P.

Cockerell). The mesothorax is golden-green, with slight

coppery tints, and the scutellum is bluish green.

Records of Bees. 363

Protandrena cockerelli, Dunning.

Both sexes at flowers of Asclepias, Boulder, Colorado,

July 4, 1914 (E. Bethel).

Agapostemon splendens, Lepeletier.

A female found dead on the snow, above Camp Albion,

Colorado, 12,000 ft., 1914 (Alfred Wheeler). This is rather

larger than usual, and a much yellower green than the

specimens from Louisiana and Nebraska,

Nomia mesille, Cockerell.

Boulder, Colorado, a male at flowers of Ratibida colum-

naris, Aug. 3, 1914 (Cockerell). This is the second known

specimen.

Osmia permorata, Cockerell.

Jimtown, Colorado, at flowers of Astragalus, June 7, 1914:

(Cockerell).

Oemia conjuncta marilaunidii, subsp. nu.

6 .—Head, mesothorax, and scutellum yellowish green ;

flagellum dull ferruginous beneath ; lower part of front with

only one tubercle, that obscure. Wings short, browuish ;

legs with much green colour ; hair of face dense and pure

white.

Hab. Devils River, Texas, at flowers of Marilaunidium

origanifolium (H. B. K.), May 6, 1907 (F. C. Bishopp).

U.S. National Museum.

This is easily known from OQ. subfasciata by the larger

size and sharp teeth at sides of sixth abdominal segment.

It can hardly be the male of O. botitena, as it is more finely

and densely punctured than that species.

Hoplitis monarde, sp. n.

? .—Length about 10 mm.

Black, the ventral scopa creamy-white; head large, the

cheeks very broad and rounded ; hair of head and thorax

long and white, but not abundant, on lower part of clypeus

it is slightly sordid; clypeus with extremely dense minute

punctures, and no raised or smooth line; the lower margin

25*

364 Mr. 'T’. D. A. Cockerell— Descriptions and

truncate, slightly concave, shining ; flagellum short, obscure

reddish beneath; vertex and cheeks closely punctured ;

mesothorax with small punctures, sparse and weak in

middle; scutellum broad, not elevated, well punctured ;

middle ‘of area of mesothorax dull, eiehanie lustre ; tegulee

rufous clouded with piceous. Wings very strongly reddened ;

b. n. meeting t.-m.; first r. n. joining second s.m. ata

distance from its base less than half length of first t.-c.,

second r. n. ending at a greater distance from end of cell ;

tarsi with pale reddish hair on inner side; pulvilli very

large. Abdomen shining, finely punctured, with white

hair-bands on apical margins of segments, largely inter-

rupted in middle ; last dorsal segment broadly rounded, with

fine pale hair.

Hab. Kerrville, Texas, at flowers of Monarda citriodora,

May 31, 1906 (F. C. Pratt). U.S. National Museum.

Readily known from H. truncata (Cress.) by the absence

of a raised line on clypeus and the very red wings. The

clypeus is more finely punctured than in H. sambuci, Titus,

and has no shining space above; the wings also differ in

colour and venation. H. mescalerium, Ckll., is less related

than sambuci.

On April 12, 1907, Mr. Pratt took Megachile schismatura,

Ckll., a species new to Texas, at Kerrville.

Prosopis luzonica, sp. n.

? —Length about 6 mm.

Black, with very scanty white hair, but the posterior

truncation of metathorax pale pruinese from minute hairs ;

head and thorax rather coarsely punctured ; broad elevated

regiou between antenne, and clypeus, longitudinally grooved,

the grooves punctured at intervals and microscopically longi-

tudinally fluted or striate between the punctures; eyes

converging below; a spot (rather broader than long) at

apex of clypeus, and very narrow lateral face-marks (notched

or abruptly narrowed at level of top of clypeus, but con-

tinuing upward along eyes to level of middle of front), as

well as interrupted swollen band on prothorax, margin of

tubercles, and spot on tegule chrome-yellow; flagellum

obscurely dark reddish beneath ; area of metathorax large,

moderately rugose, but without distinct keels. Wings clear,

faintly dusky apically, stigma rufo-fuscous, nervures sepia,

recurrent nervures meeting transverso-cubitals ; second

sm. much broader than high; a stripe on anterior tibiz,

small spot at base of middle tibiz, and base of hind tibiz

Records of Bees. 365

broadly, rather light yellow. Abdomen shining, very finely

punctured, first segment with a little patch of pale hair on

each side apically ; apex with fuscous hair.

Hab. Mt. Banahao (“ Bho.’ on labels), Philippine Is.

(Baker, 2559).

Easily known from P. tagala, Ashm. (type examined), by

the lateral face-marks, which in ¢fayala are cuneiform,

truncate above, not prolonged along eyes. From the female

of P.impunctata, Friese, from Java, it is known by the

bright yellow markings and the sculpture of the region

between the antenne. JP. hewitti, Cam., from Borneo, is an

Allodape, as Mr. Meade-Waldo has determined from the

type, which is in the British Museum.

Anthidium banningense, Cockerell.

Nevada County, California (Calif. Horticultural Com-

mission).

Xenoglossa patricia angustior, Cockerell.

Fresno, California, Aug. 19 (Calif. Hort. Comm.). From

the same locality were also sent X. angelica, Ckll. (July 19),

and Melissodes agilis, Cress. (Aug. 1).

X. angelica is also sent labelled Orange County, California.

- Bombomelecta fulvida (Cresson).

Flagstaff Hill, Boulder, Colorado; male at flowers of

Senecio, Sept. 1914 (Cockerell).

Tetralonia edwardsii (Cresson),

Claremont, California (Essig).

Anthophora ignava, Cresson.

Portola, California, March 10, 1913 (EZ. J. Newcomer).

Halictis banabraonis, sp. n.

? Length about 7 mm.

Robust, black, with black and pale hair; head broad ;

mandibles red at apex; clypeus coarsely irregularly punc-

tured ; supraclypeal area convex, shining, with small punc-

tures; head thinly clothed with short glittering pale hair,

but upper two-thirds of clypeus and middle of vertex with

366 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

black or dark fuscous hair ; front dull and granular, glisten

ing at sides above; apical half or more of flagellum dul

ferruginous beneath ; mesothorax and scutellum with

brownish-black hair ; upper border of prothorax, border of

tubercles, and postscutellum (except at sides) with dense

reddish-ochreous pubescence ; pleura and metathorax with

thin pale hair ; mesothorax and scutellum closely and finely

punctured; area of metathorax large, glistening, with

crowded, vermiform, longitudinal rugze, those of the apical

middle becoming transverse ; posterior truncation of meta-

thorax very sharply defined, its upper lateral angle on each

side emitting a ridge which runs forward, enclosing with

the edge of the basal area a triangular space which tapers

anteriorly; tegule piceous, with a rufous spot. Wings

dusky, stigma and nervures sepia; outer r.n. and t.-c.

weakened; second s.m. broad below, receiving first r.n. a

short distance before its end. Legs black, with pale reddish

hair, that on outer side of hind tibiz short and black ; hind

spur with three long spines. Abdomen broad, black, shining,

very finely punctured, second and third segments with a

basal band of dense ochreous tomentum, usually only visible

at the sides, occasionally almost invisible, the abdomen

seeming bandless ; venter with pale ochreous hair.

Hab. Mt. Barnahao, Luzon, Philippine Is. (Baker, 2557,

2558), 4 9

Related to H. philippinensis, Ashm., but easily separated

by the much larger size and darker wings. It is also larger

than H. manila, Ashm., with none of the greenish tint on

the head. ‘The scutellum finely punctured all over readily

separates it from H. luzonicus, Strand. H. manile, Strand

(not Ashm.), based on a poorly preserved specimen collected

long ago by Eschscheltz, has largely yellow legs, although it

is said to be a female.

Halictus flindersi leucurus, subsp. nu.

@.—Hair at apex of abdomen entirely brownish white

(instead of dark fuscous) ; area of metathorax with stronger

better-defined longitudinal ridges.

Distinguished from H. behri by the dark legs and man-

dibles ; from H. behri transvolans by the dark tibiz and tarsi

and angular tubercles.

Hab. Bribie Island, Queensland, Nov. 2, 1913 (Hacker ;

Queensland Museum, 110).

On the same day, on Bribie Island, Mr. Hacker took

Records of Bees. 367

H. urbanus, Smith, and H. helichrysi, Ckll., the latter not

quite typical.

Halictus isthmalis, sp. n.

¢ .—Length about 5 mm.

Rather robust, black, with a large broadly rounded red

plate at end of abdomen ; mandibles dark red except at base ;

clypeus with a very broad, apical, pale yellow, transverse

band, angularly produced in middle above; anterior knees

and al] the tibize and tarsi ferruginous, the middle and hind

tibiz with a suffused dusky cloud; tegule piceous, the

margins subrufous. Wings hyaline, nervures and stigma

reddish sepia; first r.n. meeting second t.-c., or entering

basal corner of third s.m.; third s.m. large. Pubescence

scanty, but much white hair in region of antenne ; hair of

thorax above faintly yellowish ; clypeus shining, irregularly

punctured ; front dull; antennz long, black, the flagellar

joints stout and swollen beneath ; mesothorax and scutellum

shining, with fine only moderately dense punctures ; area of

metathorax semilunar, well defined, with radiating ridges ;

abdomen broad, shining, hind margins of segments not pallid.

Hab. Eaglehawk Neck, S.E. Tasmania, Feb. 12—March 3,

1913, 2 ¢ (R. E. Turner ; British Museum).

This can hardly be the male of H. familiaris, Er., or H. glo-

bosus, Sm.

The following table separates it from the nearly related

males :—

Head very broad ; tibie and tarsi not red; sculp-

ture of area of metathorax extremely fine.

PAAAIRIAG V0 5 oh id ae, atvis wld « Sa iO aes HI. cambaget, Cll.

At least the tarsi red; area of metathorax with

SMCTE TOON Wen .0'9 ofa. c e eben ne + Nan oe ames 5.

1. Larger; ridges absent from apical part of area;

EC Ce a ee ire Hi, repertus, Cll.

Smaller ; ridges not thus limited ; tibia red.... H. tsthmalis, CkAll.

Halictus isthmalis, var. a.

$ .—Smaller, with area of metathorax more finely sculp-

tured; tegule with a large red spot; second s.m. very

narrow.

Hab. Mt. Wellington, 8S. Tasmania, Jan. 15—Feb. 6, 1913

(R. H. Turner ; Brit. Museum).

I had at first separated this as a distinct species, but on

closer examination it appears to be an individual variation.

368 Descriptions and Records of Bees.

H. isthmalis is readily distinguished from H. plebeius,

Ckll., by the area of metathorax much more strongly sculp-

tured, and not produced apically.

Halictus doddi, sp. n.

9 .—Length about 8 mm.

Rather slender, black, the first two abdominal segments

light ferruginous, with a large transverse black dorsal patch,

that on the first brown-black, straight behind and obtusely

pointed in front, that on the second straight in front and

behind, extending right across the segment, its upper border

not far from the base; hair of head and thorax ochreous, on

mesothorax thin and fuscous ; tubercles and adjacent upper

border of prothorax with a dense ochreous fringe ; scuteilum

and postscutellum, except at extreme sides, covered with a

dense reddish-ochreous felt-like tomentum, which also

extends, somewhat thinner, as a pair of subtriangular patches

on hind part of mesothorax ; head broad; mandibles dark

red apically ; clypeus and supraclypeal area shining, sparsely

punctured ; front dull, except at sides, quite hairy; flagellum

dull reddish beneath ; mesothorax very finely and densely

punctured; area of metathorax very finely irregularly

wrinkled, without a sharp boundary; posterior truncation

with salient upper corners; tegule clear ferruginous,

minutely roughened anteriorly. Wings dusky yellowish ;

stigma and nervures light dull amber-colour, the outer t.-c.

and r.n. weakened ; second s.m. square, very large (as large

as third), receiving first r.n. at extreme end. Legs black,

with ochreous hair, a fuscous band on outer side of hind

tibiee and basitarsi ; anterior tibiz with the tegument dull

red on inner side, except at apex, and middle tibiz with a

large bright ferruginous patch anteriorly; hind spurs

simple. Abdomen long and parallel-sided, with extremely

fine punctures ; no distinct hair-bands, but vestiges of them

at bases of segments ; hair at apex fuscous ; venter with no

curled scopa.

Hab. Kuranda, Queensland (Dodd; Queensl. Museum,

121).

By the dorsal patch of dense tomentum this resembles

H, leichardti, Ckll., from which it is easily known by the

colour of the abdomen. It also approaches Parasphecodes

basilautus, Ckll., and should perhaps be referred to Para-

sphecodes.

wr)

On the Shell of Neritina fluviatilis. 369

Parasphecodes bryotrichus sordidulus, subsp. n.

? .—Smaller, length about 74 mm.

Abdomen dusky, the hind margins of the segments espe-

cially with dusky suffusion ; first r. n. entering apical corner

of second s.m.

Hab. Brisbane, Queensland, Aug. 5, 1913 (Hacker ;

Queens]. Museum, 122),

Halictus oxoniellus, sp. un.

?.—Length about 5 mm.

Of ordinary form, with thin white hair ; head and thorax

black, except the mesothorax and scutellum, which are a

fine dark blue; mandibles and antenne black ; tegulze

ferruginous, clouded with piceous. Wings dusky hyaline,

the stigma large, piceous, obtuse apically ; nervures dilute

sepia, outer r.n. and t.-c. almost wholly obsolete, first r.n.

entering second s.m. Legs black, the small joints of middle

tarsi reddish ; hind femora thin and arched, hind tibiz very

robust ; hind spur with three large teeth. Abdomen bright

ferruginous, the first segment black except a broad apical

band, the other segments with black patches on extreme

lateral margins; venter with long curled hairs, mesothorax

shining in front, dull behind ; area of metathorax with very

delicate raised lines, evanescent apically ; clypeus slightly

metallic, with a microscopically tessellate sculpture and

sparse punctures ; front minutely striate.

Hab. Bribie Island, Queensland, Noy. 2, 1913 (Hacker ;

Queens]. Museum, 108).

A distinct species, easily known from H. erythrurus, Ckll.,

by the dark stigma and blue mesothorax. The specific name

is in allusion to the dark blue colour.

XLIV.—A Note on the Apparent Absence of Sexual Characters

in the Shell of Neritina fluviatilis. By A. E. Boycorr

and J. W. Jackson (Victoria University).

We give here the result of an enquiry into the possible

occurrence of differences between the shells of male and

female Neritina fluviatilis, Our material has been derived

from two sources :—(1) the Preston—Lancaster Canal in the

neighbourhood of Barton, Lancashire, collected in June

370 = Messrs. A. E. Boycott and J. W. Jackson on

1914; and (2) the River Wye between Whitchurch and

Monmouth, where it forms the boundary between Hereford-

shire and Gloucestershire, collected in July 1913. The two

localities are essentially different in character, the canal

being very sluggish, while in the Wye the species is only to

be found in shallow quick-running rapids. Of the Barton

series the whole were dissected and examined, in all 288,

though naturally in collecting the specimens more attention

was paid to large individuals. The same selection was made

in the case of those from the Wye, but of these only 93 of

the Shell of Neritina fluviatilis. 371

the larger specimens were examined. Of the Barton series

159, or 55 °/,, were females ; of the Wye specimens 42, or

45 °/..

(1) Measurements.—It is not very easy to select dimensions

of Nerttina which are capable of precise and relatively easy

determination, and at the same time comparable with those

of shells of more conventional shape *. In an enquiry such

as the present the former consideration seems to be the more

important, and we have accordingly measured three dimen-

sions of each shell, which are at any rate objective if their

nomenclature is open to question. With the shell resting on

a flat surface, mouth downwards, we measure («) length,

(8) width, and (y) height. The two former are parallel to

the surface on which the shell rests, the latter at right

angles; the essential- points are shown in the accompanying

sketch. The measurements were made with sliding callipers

reading with a vernier to 0'1 mm,

The results of the Barton series are summarized in Table I.,

which shows the mean figures classified in eight groups,

according to the length of the shell. All the dimensions are

in millimetres.

It appears in the first place that there is no substantial

difference in size between males and females. The males

range from 4°7 to 11°3 mm. long, the females from 5:2 to

116 mm. Of the larger specimens (8 mm. long and up-

wards) rather more are females than males, but the difference

is well within the possible chance discrepancy. In the various

size groups (lable II.) the percentage of males varies from

32 to 52; but here again the differences are not significant.

The question would be simple if we had some structural

criterion of sexual maturity ; without this, however, there is

no reason for thinking that the two sexes differ in size.

Differences in shape, which are shown by nfeasurements of

this sort, are more appreciable if the data are expressed in a

relative form, as in Table III. The widths and heights are

here shown as percentages of the length. It will be seen

that the small shells are relatively wider and, to a less

extent, higher than the larger specimens, but there is no

evidence ot any sexual difference.

Magnified camera-lucida drawings of the opercula were

made in a number of the larger specimens of each sex, but

no difference in size or shape could be found.

* In many cases the apex is eroded, and in some of the larger speci-

mens has in this way disappeared, rendering it impossible to take the

apex as a fixed point for any dimension.

Messrs. A. E. Boycott and J. W. Jackson on

Males.

Number Length.

eral

573

8:38

9°49

Percentage of

total males in

646 |

742 |

TABLE I.

Width. | Height. | Number.| Length.

6°39 5°24 10 10°46

7°35 5:60 4 11°35

5:30 3:84 | 159 7-61

TABLE II.

Percentage of

total females in

372

Group. {eee

A...) 4-49 1

B ...| 5-59 7

C ...| 669 55

D .....%-19 31

E ...| 8-89 11

| F ...| 9-99 14

G ...| 10-109 8

H ...| 11-11°9 2

129

Group.

BSD cos ss cekenies

AD, hides seeeeee at

No B Re caaeedaegm hai

OT indore oak

VE aa Ao ae

Gr, secon ular

1 eee

Total

| 36 | 26 0

434] 301] 15 | 566

a6s| 334] 51 | 641

637 | 301] 38 | 7:37 |

| ses] 436] 22 | 8:35

| 630] 487] 19 | 953

Females.

Width. | Height.

Percentage of

total specimens in

each group which

each group. each group. are males.

Lona

" 5 9 32

| 43 52 ie

24 24 | a

8 14 53

ll 12 | =

6 6 44

| 2 | 3 33

100 | 100 45

the Shell of Neritina fluviatilis. 373

Tasce ITI.

Males.

100 | 76 52 |

/ 100 = 72 52 |

| 100 72 52 |

100 | 70 51 |

100 | 67 50 |

100 | 65 49 |

) 100 (A 52 |

The Wye series were examined in the same way, and gave

the following results :—

TABLE LV.

Males.

Number. Length. | Width

’

59 | ae.) <ae

649 | 456 | 3-24

748 | 3510 a71

$24 oot 3°98

The males range in length from 5-9 to 87 mm., the

females from 6°5 to 9°3 mm. As in the Barton series, there

374 On the Shell of Neritina fluviatilis.

is some suggestion that the females may be rather larger

than the males, but the difference is inconclusive. The

length, width, height ratios are given in Table V. These

TABLE V.

Females.

| Group.

| j

| 5 [100 | 75 51]

| ape eo 100 | 70 50 [100 | 70 51]

Wht ae) 100 | 68 48 100 | 68 | 50

| deat d 100 | 67 48 100 | 67 | 48

[eee [100 | 65 | 46]

} '

68 49

show that the Barton shells are relatively wider and higher

than the Wye specimens, but they fail to bring out any

difference between the male and female shells in the latter

series.

(2) There are, of course, many differences in shape and

other characters which would not be brought out by the

simple measurements which we have made. Careful com-

parison and inspection has, however, failed to reveal any

constant sexual difference in shape, texture, colour, or any

other feature. In the Wye series many (54 °/,) of the

females and relatively few (18 °/,) of the males showed a

ragged notch or notches on the upper lip, 7¢. e. on the snail’s

right-hand side as it crawls, and close to the generative

orifice. This was, however, quite wanting in the Barton

series, so that less stress can be laid upon it. It may, indeed,

be artefact; if so, it possibly indicates that in the rapid

currents of the Wye the females cling more closely to the

stones than the males, and are more liable to damage during

collection.

We do not know the reproductory habits of Neriténa nor

how the eggs are laid. There may, indeed, be no reason

ior supposing that there might be sexual characters in the

shell; the male generative organs are roughly about the

;

Mr. R. S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 375

same bulk as those of the female, the vas deferens and its

coiled-up lower end taking up a good deal of room. Equally

roughly, however, the same is true of Cyclostoma, in which

the females are larger than the males *.

We may, perhaps, add that the examination of some forty

radulze did not suggest that further enquiry would lead to

the discovery of any sexual character in that organ.

Summary.—We have not been able to find any sexual

characteristic in the shell of Neritina fluviatilis,

XLV.—Brief Descriptions of new Thysanoptera.—lIV. By

RicHArD 8. BAGNALL, F.L.S., F.E.S. (Hope Department

of Zovlogy, University Museum, Oxford),

Suborder TEREBRANTIA.

Family Holothripide.

LEolothrips gloriosus, sp. n.

9? .—Length about 1-1 mm.

General colour lemon-yellow. Abdominal segments 9 and

10 and tergite 8 entirely black ; tergites 5 to 7 each with a

blackish-brown bar almost covering the tergite, and signs of

brownish markings on the anterior halves of other tergites.

Kyes black. Head shaded with light greyish-brown, ex-

cepting the vertex and postericr corners, and pronotum with

an indistinct marking down mid-line, expanding anteriorly

and posteriorly and in centre of disc. Mesonotum and trian-

gular disc of metanotum greyish-brown, Fore-wings lightly

tinged with brown at base and with an irregular brown bar

across second and fourth fifths; cilia brown. Antennal

joints 1, 2, and basal half or thereabouts of 3 light lemon-

yellow; rest black, the apical joints somewhat greyish black.

Tips of tarsi with brown fleck.

Head rather long, quadrate, and not quite as long as the

pronotum ; basal joint of maxillary palpus much larger than

the two apical joints together ; mouth-cone large and long.

Antennz about 2°5 times as long as the head ; joint 2 rather

long; 3 pedicellate, cylindrical, and narrower than 2, 4, or 5;

4 distinctly angularly produced distally; 5 to 9 closely

united, with 5 as long as 6 to 9 together. 3 1°5 times as

* ‘Journal of Conchology,’ vol. xii. (1909) p. 323.

376 Mr. R. S. Bagnall on new Thysanoplera.

long as 2, scarcely longer than 4 ; 5 to 9 together about 1°3

times the length of 6; elongate sense-areas on 3 and 4, the

latter running into the produced part. Posterior ocelli

almost touching margins of eyes.

Pronotum quadrate, without any long bristles, but with a

basal-marginal series of minute black setee.

Wings reaching to abdominal segment 6, typical of the

genus ; sete minute, cross-veins distinct.

Abdomen with minute sete, excepting the long bristles on

9 and 10, and a moderately conspicuous lateral pair on 8.

Sutures of sternites 8-4, 4-5, 5-6, and 6-7 showing a dark

transverse line ; underside and sides otherwise (excepting

apex) yellow.

Hab. Sorgono, Sardinia; 3 2s amongsta tube of Thysano-

ptera collected by Dr. A. H. Krausse, and kindly submitted

to me by Dr. W. Horn of the German Entomological

Museum.

Suborder TUBULIFERA.

Family Hystricothripide.

Genus HoLUROTHRIPS, nov.

Head broad, length to a line across anterior margins of

eyes only a little longer than broad, but vertex narrowly

produced beyond eyes for 0:75 the length of the head to

base of produced part. Series of 4 stout knobbed spines at

about middle of produced part. Posterior ocelli between

eyes near anterior margins, anterior one near apex of pro-

duced vertex. Antenne, excepting basal joint, very long

and slender ; longer than tube.

Abdomen broad, depressed, much as in SHystricothrips,

Karny. ‘Tube long and slender, about three times the length

of total length of head and two-thirds the length of abdo-

minal segments 1 to 9.

Differs from allied genera by the striking form of head

and the extremely long slender antenne.

Type. Holurothrips ornatus, m.

Holurothrips ornatus, sp. n.

Total length 46 mm. ; length of tube 1-4 mm.

General colour dark blackish-brown ; protborax and distal

part of mesothorax, anterior corners and margins of abdo-

minal segment 2, and lateral margins of 3-7 yellowish-red,

Mr. R. 8S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 377

the lateral margins of 8 reddish-brown. Tube yellowish,

greyish near base and shading to blackish-brown at distal

third. Legs yellow, shaded lightly with brown in parts.

Surface of head striate or subreticulate ; cheeks each with

one seta near middle, and a shorter knobbed one on a small

wart just behind eye. Eyes moderately finely facetted ;

stout knobbed bristle protecting each posterior ocellus.

Basal antennal joint stout, brown; 2 smaller, light yellow—

both with minute knobbed sete ; 3-8 yellowish, stems

shaded with greyish-brown in parts. Relative lengths of

joints approximately 5: 4:37:21:18:11:7: 7.

Pronotum strongly transverse, about U'4 times as long as

broad ; sete on warts, knobbed, a stout pair at anterior

angles forwardly directed, those on posterior angles not quite

so stout and mid-lateral pair smaller.

Pterothorax transverse, broadest near juncture with the

abdomen. Leys much as in Hystricothrips. Wings slender,

nearly reaching to the seventh abdominal segment.

Abdomen broadest near base and thence narrowing to base

of tube, segment 8 only 0°35 as broad as 2. Tube very long

and slender, sparsely and finely setose. ‘Terminal hairs

broken in the specimens at disposal. Lateral abdominal

sete rather short, stout, knobbed, and colourless ; one at each

posterior angle directed at right angles from the body.

Hab. Matang, Sarawak, at 1000 ft.; two examples in

decaying leaves, 2. xii. 1913 (G. E. Bryant).

Leeuwenia indicus, sp. n.

Very near Leeuwenia gladiatriz, Karny, a little smaller

and broader, with a more slender tube, which is about 1:2

times the length of the abdominal segments 1-9 together.

Uniform dark chestnut-brown, surface roughly reticulated.

Antennal joint 2 lighter distally and 3-8 yellow, extreme

tip brownish.

Antenne a little longer than head and prothorax together ;

joints 3-6 clavate, 3 and 4 practically subequal ; 5 shorter

than 4; 6 shorter than 5; 7 and 8 broadly united, pointed

apically and together about as long as 5.

Abdomen broader than in gladiatriz, with the dorsal and

Wing-retaiuing spines very poorly developed. Tube not so

curved as in gladiatric and only sparsely and somewhat

minutely setose, with setee more or less recumbent, the most

distal third or fourth being almost destitute.

Separated from gladiatriz by its thin and more finely

Ann. & Mag. N. List. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 26

378 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

setose tube, which in that species is coarsely setose, with

both long and short, stout, suberect setze almost to the apex ;

also by the dark uniform coloration of the body and the

poorly developed wing-retaining and dorsal abdominal spines.

The abdomen (exeluding tube) is longer and not so stout

in gladiatr‘z, and the tube therefore only about 0-6 the

length of the segments 1-9 together. The surface of indicus

is apparently more strongly reticulated and sculptured than

in gladiatrix.

Hlab. One specimen from the Indian Museum (no. 4

Moulmein, Lower Burma, 16. xi. 11 (Ff. H. Gravely).

Family Idolothripide.

Acanthinothrips annulipes, sp. n.

Length 8 to 9 mm.

Colour black, shining. Antennal joint 3 greyish-yellow,

dark at extreme apex, with yellowish patch just before it ;

stem of 4 greyish-black. Distal half of fore-tibize yellow,

with black ring just before apex, the intermediate tibiee

similar, but with ring near apex broader and not so sharply

defined basally ; hind-femora with a yellowish-white ring

(in one specimen reddish) at about middle. All tarsi

yellowish, dark apically. Wings grey—mid-ribs and cilia

dark brown.

Head about 2°7 times as long as broad near base, cheeks

slightly narrowed between eyes and base, and furnished with

a few slender sete, Vertex slightly produced beyond eyes.

Posterior ocelli on a line drawn through anterior third of

eyes, the anterior one near apex of produced part. An-

tennee extraordinarily slender (excepting the two basal joints),

about 3°7 times the length of the head; relative lengths of

joints approximately 7:6: 71:42:33:24:11:9. Post-

ocular bristles close together and set rather far back. LEyes

finely facetted.

Pronotum about 0°42 the length of head; setae weak and

colourless.

All femora thickened distally and furnished with several

stout and rather long yellow bristles, somewhat as in Anacti-

nothrips. Wings reaching to the sixth abdominal segment.

Abdomen long, segments somewhat as in Actinothrips

longicornis, apical angles of the hindmost segments, at least,

each with a short, stout, yellowish-brown spine, and the ninth

with an additional pair on each side of the mid-line.

Tube about twice as long as the head, surface coriaceous ;

Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 379

sparsely setose ; terminal hairs short, yellowish. Abdominal

hairs moderately short, weak, and colourless,

A very distinct species.

Hab. Matang, Sarawak; 1 on dead bark, 1000 ft.,

13. xii. 13; 2 on the wing, 2000 {t., 24. xi. 13 ; 1 Sungei

China, Fort of Matang, Sarawak, by beating dead leaves,

14. xii. 138 (G. HE. Bryant).

Anactinothrips distinguendus, sp. n.

3 .—Length 7-5 mm.

Colour chestnut-brown, tube darker near base and yellowish

distally. Antenne with second joint yellowish distally, 3

with stem yellowish, lightly shaded with brown about

middle and apex brown; 4 with stem yellowish, shaded

near middle, and 5 lighter basally. Wings greyish-yellow,

cilia tinged with brown.

Head twice as long as prothorax and twice as long as

broad near base, shaped as in A. meinerti, Bagn., but shorter

and broader. ‘lhe pair of dorsal bristles set at about the

basal third, only one-half the length of the postocular bristles,

weak ; anteocular pair short, pointed, reaching to beyond the

middle of the first antennal joint. lHyes finely facetted,

occupying laterally about 0°22 the total length of the head.

Ocelli moderately large, equidistant, the posterior pair close

to inner margins of eyes and on a line through their middle.

Antenne almost as in A. metnerti, but with the fifth joint

about four-fifths the length of the fourth (instead of one-half

the length in A. meinert:) ; approximate lengths of joints :—

14:12: 84:50:40: 22:15:12. Sense-cones very short

and slender, scarcely. distinguishable.

Prothorax as in A, meinert’, the postero-marginal bristles

broken off in the single preparation, but presumably long ;

pair at anterior angles short and curved, and the mid-lateral

pair long and strong, about 0°65 the median length of pro-

notum. Maxillary palpi with the second joint three times as

long as the basal.

Pterothorax 0°4 broader than the prothorax, transverse.

Wings and legs much as in A. menert?,

Abdomen evenly narrowing to tube, with each of the

segments 3 to 7 slightly and roundly produced into a promi-

nence for the seating of bristles, which latter are evidently

(from the few that are preserved) not particularly long or

strong.

Tube about 0°8 the length of the head, a little more than

26*

380 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

twice the length of the ninth segment, not three times as

long as broad at base, and twice as broad at base as at apex.

Hab. British Guiana, Bartica; 1 ¢ collected by

Mr, G, EB. Bodkin, with Dicaiothrips brevicornis, Bagn., and

D. levicollis, Bagn., from the leaves of the mangoe-tree,

June 15th, 1913.

The unique example is, unfortunately, imperfect, and has

been cleared in caustic potash and mounted in balsam. It is

only the second described species of Anactinothrips, and is

readily separated from A, meinerti, Bagn., by the short and

relatively broad head and tube, the relative lengths of the

antennal joints, and the short dorsal cephalic bristles as

compared to the postocular pair. The second joint of the

maxillary palpi is only é¢wice the length of the basal in

AL. meinerti. ;

Phoxothrips breviceps, sp. n.

@ .—Length 2°7 mm. Form linear.

Dark chestnut-brown, head and abdomen almost black.

Fore-tibiz and all tarsi yellow. Third antennal joint yellow,

shaded brown basally and distally ; basal half of 4 and base

of 5 yellow. Head only 2°25 times as long as broad at

widest, namely at about the posterior fifth, where it is-as

wide as across eyes. Produced vertex with sides parallel ;

0°25 the total length of head. Eyes laterally occupying

about 0°23 the total length of head.

Antenne at least 1:25 times the length of the head ;

relative lengths of joints:—3:5:11:9:7:6:4:4—3 to

d clavate as in P. pugilator.

Prothorax about 0°35 the length of liead, and 1-4 times as

broad as long; broadest through middle, where it is 1°25

times as broad as the head. A somewhat slender seta at

each hind angle.

Pterothorax 1:25 times as wide as the prothorax, longer

than broad. Legs somewhat long, especially the hind pair;

fore-femora not incrassate (or armed) in the 9, and tarsus

without tooth. Wings reaching to segment 7.

Abdomen not broader than the pterothorax, narrowing

from segment 7 to base of tube. Tube about 0°6 the length

of head, and twice as broad at base as at apex; terminal

hairs not quite as long as the tube. Abdominal hairs slender

and colourless, those on ninth segment longer than tube.

Easily separated from P. pugilator, Karny, by its much

— i

On anew Genus of Bats. 381

smalier size, the relatively short head, the longer second

antennal joint, &e.

Hab. Simla, W. Himalayas, at 7000 ft., 7. v. 1910.

Coll. Dr. N. Annandale. One specimen in the Indian Mu-

seum, 4300/20.

XLVI.—A new Genus of Bats allied to Nyctophilus.

By OuprieLtp THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

ON examining the various bats in the Museum collection

assigned to Nyctophilus, I find that one of them, from New

Guinea, is a new species so different from the éthiér members

of the group as to warrant the formation for it of a special

genus, which may be called

PHAROTIS, gen. nov. (Vespertilionide).

Nearly allied to Nyctophilus, but the skull of different

shape and the palate much shortened.

External characters essentially as in Vyctophilus, but the

ear and nasal membranes more developed.

Nose-leaves larger than in that genus, the anterior one

broad, high, its upper margin evenly convex, without

median depression or notch ; no vertical ridge between the

nostrils; posterior projection not a mere thickening of the

skin, but a more or Jess definite leaf, as high as, though

narrower than, the anterior leaf ; concavities in front of and

behind it deep, their deepest part naked and peculiarly

wrinkled. Ears very large, thin, leafy, connected across the

forehead bya high band. ‘Tragus long, narrowed terminally,

the peculiar thickened lobe on the back placed in the middle

instead of on the outer edge, and extending outwards nearly

to each side.

Skull quite different in shape from that of Nyctophilus.

Brain-case large, smooth, and rounded, without crests;

muzzle very short, nasal notch deep, its posterior end behind

the level of the anteorbital foramina. Interorbital region

very broad, its edges smoothly rounded. Bulle of medium

size, their Jength about 3°5 or 36 mm. Anterior palatal

notch deep, ending level with the hinder edge of the pre-

molar ; posterior palate shortened, ending not far behind the

382 On a new Genus of Bats.

molars; the palate is thus shortened at both ends, dispro-

portionally so even to the short muzzle. Within the poste-

vior nares the large foramina leading up into the nasal

chamber are quite visible, and only partially covered, instead

of being lost far up within the nasal channel.

Teeth in number and structure as in Nyctophilus, but, in

correlation with the shortened muzzle, much reduced in size.

Type :—

Pharotis imogene, sp. 0.

Size about as in Nyctophilus geoffroyi. Colour dark brown

above and below, but no skins available for description.

Fars and membranes uniformly brown. Membranes practi-

cally naked throughout.

Other characters as described above.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-speci-

men) :—

Forearm 37°5 mm.

Head and body 50; tail 42; hind foot (c. u.) 9:3;

ear 25 ; tragus, length on inner edge 7°3; breadth 4-4; third

finger, metacarpus 39, first phalanx 14; lower leg 17°5 ;

calcar 18.

Skull: greatest length 15; basi-sinual length 10:2;

zygomatic breadth 9-8 ; occiput to base of nasal notch 122;

interorbital breadth 42; palato-sinual length 3°7 ; length of

bulla 3°5; front of canine to back of m? 4:5; m* and m? on

outer edge 2°3.

Hab. Kamali, Lower Kemp Welch River, British New

Guinea.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 91.9. 10.2. Collected

November 1890 by Dr. L. Loria, and presented by the

Marquis G. Doria.

This bat has so much the look of the ordinary species of

Nyctophilus that, in days when that genus was considered to

consist of only one large-eared species, with an almost

unlimited range of variation, it was assigned to Nyctophilus

timoriensis in my account of the Loria collection. Now,

however, an examination of its skull shows it to be very

different from any Nyctophilus, as may be gathered from the

above description. Both its cranial and external characters

are quite peculiar to itself, no one of the species of WVycto-

philus approaching it in any of them.

I may note here with regard to Vyctophilus that Tomes’s

paper on the genus (P. Z. 8. 1858, p. 25) presents a far

On Three new Fishes from South Cameroon. 383

greater approximation to the truth than does Dobson’s treat-

ment of it in the ‘ Catalogue,’ where but a single species is

recognized,

As Tomes stated, quite a number of species are distin-

guishable by the characters of their skulls, although it is not

at present possible to define them all completely. The

earliest name, timoriens/s, Geoff., should, [ think, be dropped

for the present, as it is impossible to identify it with certainty

among the Australian species, and it may yet turn up in

Timor. Prof. Trouessart tells me the forearm of the type

measures 42 mm., a very undistinctive length. For the large

species called timoriensis by Tomes I should use major,

Peters, 1861 *, of which the type is the British Museum

specimen 44, 7.9.20. The other W.-Australian species is

geoffroyt, Leach (syn. australis, Pet.), which ranges over a

large part of the central area of the continent. In the north

and east we have gould’, Tomes, and in the south-east and

Tasmania untcolor, Tomes. In N. Australia also there is the

pecaliar little N. walker, Thos., with quite small ears and

bullee, and in New Guinea N. microtis, Thos. Gray’s pacificus

still remains to be identified; it has a skull very like that of

unicolcr, but the forearm is shorter. It will, perhaps, yet

turn up in one of the “ Islands of the Pacific.”

XLVII.— Descriptions of Three new Fishes from South

Cameroon. By G. A. BouLenGer, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

EXAMPLES of three new species were contained in collections

of freshwater fishes recently made by Mr. G. L. Bates in

the Ja River, an affluent of the Sanga (Congo Basin), and

are here described. The types are preserved in the British

Museum.

Myomyrus macrops.

Depth of body 43 to 53 times in total length, length of

head 43 to 5 times. Head 14 to 1} times as long as deep,

with convex upper profile; snout 4 to 2 length of head,

* Ex Gray, Voy. Ereb. & Terr. pl. xxi, fig. 2. Plates prepared in

1845, but not published till 1875,

584 On Three new Fishes from South Cameroon.

strongly projecting beyond mouth; mouth small, its width 3

to £ length of head; nostrils below level of eye, equally

distant from latter and from end of snout ; eye rather large,

2 leneth of snout or interorbital width. Dorsal 40-42, as

long as its distance from the end of the snout. Anal 26-29,

originating below 13th or 14th ray of dorsal. Pectoral 2 to

3 length of head, reaching base of ventral. Caudal scaly,

with rounded lobes. Caudal peduncle 23 to 3 times as long

as deep, 2 to 2 length of head. Dark brown, a little lighter

beneath.

Total length 250 mm.

Three specimens from the Ja River and one from the

Bumba River, a tributary of the Ja.

Very closely allied to MZ. macrodon, Bler., but distinguished

by the larger eye.

Mormyrus je.

Depth of body equal to length of head, 43 times in total

length. Head a little longer than deep, with strongly curved

upper profile; snout short, measuring 3 postorbital part of

head ; mouth terminal; teeth small, feebly notched, 7 in

upper jaw, 10 in lower; eye in anterior half of head, a little

shorter than snout, ? interorbital width. Dorsal 64, origi-

nating above base of ventral, its distance from base of

caudal 4 its distance from end of snout, its base, 24 times

that of anal. Anal 26, originating much nearer base of

caudal than end of snout. Pectoral pointed, 4 length of

head. Ventral nearly 4 length of head. Caudal with long

pointed lobes, a little shorter than head. Caudal peduncle

3 times as long as deep, ? length of head. 100 scales in

lateral Jine, 3 in transverse series on body, = between dorsal

and anal, 16 round caudal peduncle. Olive above, silvery

beneath.

Total length 175 mm.

A single specimen from the Ja River.

Most nearly related to AZ, macrophthalmus, Gthr. ; princi-

pally distinguished by the longer anal and the number of

scales round the caudal peduncle.

Barilius batesii.

Depth of body 5 times in total length, length of head 4

times. Head 24 to 22 times as long as broad, with feebly

curved upper profile ; snout pointed, not projecting beyond

— ee

On Two new Fishes from Northern Rhodesia. 385

mouth, as long as eye, which is 32 to 32 times in length of

head ; interorbital width 34 times in length of head ; mouth

extending to below posterior third of eye; no barbels ; ;

naked space between preeoperculum and suborbitals not quite

4 the width of third suborbital. Gill-rakers few, rudi-

mentary. Dorsal III 7, originating midway between occiput

and root of caudal, its posterior third or half above anal ;

anterior rays longest, 2 length of head. Anal 111 15; ante-

rior rays much longer than posterior, about as long as longest

dorsals. Pectoral acutely pointed, a little shorter than head,

not quite reaching ventral. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle

twice as long as deep. Scales with radiating striae,

68-70 = 3 between lateral line and ventral, 20-22 round

caudal peduncle. Silvery; caudal fin orange, with the

median rays blackish.

Total length 120 mm.

Two specimens from the Ja River.

Allied to B. hingsleye, Blgr., but distinguished by much

smaller scales,

XLVIII.— Descriptions of Two new Fishes from Northern

Rhodesia. By G. A. BOULENGER, IF.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE British Museum is indebted to Mr. F. H. Mallard for a

small series of fishes obtained by him in the Solwezi River,

a tributary of the Chifulowa River, flowing into the Zambesi

near the dividing range between the Zambesi and the Congo.

It contains representatives of six species, two of which are

here described as new. The known species are Barbus

euteenia, Bler., B. lineomaculatus, Blgr. (first described from

British Hast Africa, but since obtained at Insiza, Rhodesia,

by G. French and in the Belgian Congo at and near Elisa-

bethville by Dr. L. Stappers), ” Synodontis macrostigma, Bler.

(discovered in the N’gami basin), and LHaplochromis moffati,

Casteln.

Barbus barilioides.

Depth of body equal to length of head, 32 times in total

length, Snout rounded, shorter than eye, which is 3 times

386 On Two new Fishes from Northern Rhodesia.

in length of head and equals interorbital width; mouth

small, terminal ; lips feebly developed ; two barbels on each

side, anterior as long as eye, posterior 14 diameters of eye.

Dorsal IIT 8, equally distant from centre of eye and from

caudal, border straight ; last simple ray not enlarged, not

serrated, nearly as long as head. Anal III 5, not reaching

caudal. Pectoral ? length of head, not reaching ventral ;

base of latter below anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal peer -

twice as long as deep. Scales radiately striated, 28-30 2 qo 2

between lateral line and ventral. Yellowish how, darker

on tlie back, with 12 to 16 narrow vertical bars on the sides,

as in B. fasciolatus, Gthr., the second or third and the last

expanding into a spot; belly white; basal half of vertical

fins orange ; eye red.

Total length 53 mm.

‘Two specimens.

Closely allied to B. fasciolatus, Gthr., from Angola. Dis-

tinguished by smaller scales (28-30 FA instead of 25 = :

Mastacembelus mellandi.

Depth of body 12 times in total length, length of head 74

times. Vent equally distant from head and from caudal, its

distance from former 3 times its length. Snout 4 times as

long as eye; month extending to below anterior border of

eye ; no preorbital or preeopercular spines. — Dorsal

XXXII 70; last spine twice as long as eye; distance

between first spine and head $ length of ‘jatter. Anal IL 79;

first spine short, ce as long as last dorsal. Caudal

rounded. Pectoral 4 length of ‘head. Scales very small,

15 between origin of. an dorsal and lateral line. Yellowish

brown with blackish-brown marblings and a broad, festooned,

blackish-brown lateral band in front ; a vertebral series of

large blackish-brown spots narrowly separated from each

other ; ; a pair of yellowish streaks, confluent in front, on each

side of the back between the dark bands ; aaub region

blackish brown, with a network of yellow lines; lower edge

of anal yellow.

Total length 310 mm.

A single specimen.

On the Tabanidse of the Australian Region. 387

XLIX.—Notes on the Tabanide of the Australian Region.

By Gerrrupe Ricarpo.

TABANINGE.

Tasanus, Linn.

This paper is based on the material in the Brit. Mus. Coll.,

on a small collection of flies sent me by Mr. Froggatt for

identification, which he kindly allows me to retain and add

to the National Collection, on a number of Tabanidze sent

me by Mr. Wainwright for identification, on a few Tabanidée

in Diptera sent me by Mr. French from the Melbourne

Museum to work out, and, lastly, on the Tabanide belonging

to the German Entomological Museum in Berlin sent me

some months ago by Herr Schenkling, which I had promised

to describe, tle results to be published by him in his

‘Supplementa Entomologica.’? I had already received from

lim a proof of the MS. on the species of Tabanus from the

Palearctic Region in the above-mentioned museum just

before the war broke out, which must, of course, be laid

aside till the conclusion of peace. Meanwhile, the editors of

the ‘Anuals’ have kindly undertaken to publish these notes,

in which wiil be incluced species from the Celebes eastward,

including Tasmania and outlying islands; the species from

New Guinea have already been dealt with in my paper in

‘Résultats Expedition Sci. Néerlandaise Nouv. Guinée,’ ix.

(3) 1913. The New Zealand species I propose to describe

separately, as they appear to have little affinity with those of

the mainland.

Very little work has been done in this family from this

region since Macquart and Walker’s time (1838-1856). In

1911 Mr. Froggatt mentioned a few species in ‘March

Flies” Mr. F. H. Taylor, in Austr. Inst. Trop. Med. 1911,

published 1918, described several new species and Miss

Summers others in the Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) x. (1912).

Several of these new species, liowever, prove to be synonyms

of older species (see Mr. Austen on Mr. Taylor’s paper in

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xiii. 1914). This is not sur-

prising, as, unless one has access to the types, it is almost

impossible to identify species from the descriptions by

Macquart, Walker, and bigot. Having been able to examine

the majority of these authors’ types in the British and Paris

Museums and in the late Mr. Verrall’s collection, I am

388 Miss G. Ricardo on the

giving redescriptions of them, in the hope that they may

prove of some service to workers in Australia and enable

them to name new species with more certainty ; there must

be a great number of such species in the newer districts of

Australia, such as Northern Queensland.

For the classification of groups see my paper on the

Tabanus species of the Oriental Region in ‘ Indian Records,’

iv. no. vi. (1911). The original pagination is used for

Macquart’s Dipt. Exot. Nomenclature of colours is taken

in many instances from Ridgway’s work on Colour Standards

(1912). Where the eyes are not mentioned, they are bare

and devoid of pubescence.

Group IV.

Forekead with no callus.

Tabanus nemotuberculatus, 2 , sp. n.

Type (female) in Mr. Froggatt’s Coll. from Cape York,

Queensland, 30. 2. (1906), and another female from

S. Queensland (Dr. T. LZ. Bancroft), 1908, in Brit. Mus.

Coll.

This type is not in very good condition, but may easily

be recognized by the shading on veins of wings and by the

absence of any frontal callus on forehead. Abdomen nar-

row, obscurely ferruginous. Antenne and legs the same

colour. Palpi short and stout.

Length 10 mm.

Face and forehead honey-yellow, the former with some

greyish tomentum. Palpia shade darker in colour, almost

the same width throughout, ending in an obtuse point.

Antenne ferruginous, slender, with a very slight angle or

tooth. Forehead parallel or almost wider anteriorly, about

four times as long as it is broad anteriorly. Thorax darker

than abdomen, covered with some greyish tomentum.

Scutellum isidentical. Abdomen (denuded) dull ferruginous.

Legs same colour, a little darker on tarsi. Wings grey, fore

border yellowish brown, and every longitudinal vein shaded

brown ; short appendix present.

The other female has the wings almost clear. Abdomen

covered with greyish tomentum and with short yellowish

hairs intermixed with black ones.

Tabanus nemopunctatus, 2 , sp. 0.

Type (female) from Dunk Island, Queensland (Bunjfield),

15. 1. 1902, in Mr. Froggatt’s Coll.

ee ed

432, >

= ~~ vr

Tabanidee of the Australian Region. 389

A species at once distinguished by the absence of any

calli on the forehead, which, together with the abdomen,

legs, and palpi, is honey-yellow in colour.

Length 12 mm.

Face honey-yellow, with some greyish tomentum. Palpi

same colour, long and slender, stouter at base. Beard

yellow, very scanty. Antenne ferruginous, the first two

joints paler in colour, the third joint with a small angle or

tooth. Forehead parallel, with golden-yellow pubescence,

about five times as long asit is broad. Thorax dark, covered

with short fulvous pubescence and tomentum of the same

colour. Abdomen stout, short, honey-yellow, appearing

darker at apex, as the pubescence at the sides is black, else-

where golden-coloured. Legs honey-yellow, tarsi blackish,

pubescence golden-yellow on femora, elsewhere chiefly black.

Wings clear yellow on fore border ; long appendix present.

Group VII.

Abdomen with one or more stripes, usually continuous.

Tabanus cinerescens, Macleay, King’s Survey Coast Aus-

tralia, 1. p. 467 (1826) ; Austen, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. 8) ‘xiii. p. 265 (1914).

Tabanus cinerascens, King, see Kertesz, Cat. Dipt. ili. p. 284 (1908) ;

Wied. Auszweifl. Ins. ii. p. 647 (1830).

Tabanus tetralineatus, Taylor, Australian Institute Tropical Medicine

Report for 1911, p. 68, pl. xiv. fig. 20 (1913)

In Brit. Mus. Coll. are specimens from New South Wales

( Hunter) ; in German Ent. Museum females from Palmerston,

N. Australia; in Mr. Wainwright’s Coll. females from Port

Darwin, S. Australia.

MacLeay’s original description was of the vaguest and

shortest kind, as follows :—

““Ashy grey, ferruginous, underneath whitish. Wings

hyaline, towards the base subluteous. Abdomen with an

ashy- grey median stripe and four een -grey spots on each

side.”

Fortunately the species is easily identified, even from the

above few words. ‘The following description is based on the

fresh specimens :—

A large reddish-brown species, with reddish legs and an-

tenn and yellow palpi. Abdomen with a faint grey tomen-

tose median stripe and grey tomentose side-spots.

Length 18-195 mm.

Face covered with yellowish tomentum and with some

390 Miss G. Ricardo on the

fine white hairs. Beard white. Paipi pale yellow, stout,

ending in an obtuse point with black pubescence. Antenne

reddish, darker at apex, the first two joints with black hairs,

the third with a distinct tooth situated about halfway up on

the upper border of the first division. Forehead same colour

as face, broad, about four times as long as it is broad, the

frontal callus reddish brown, shining, large, nearly square,

not reaching the eyes, posteriorly becoming narrow, with a

short spindle-shaped extension. Thorax reddish brown,

with darker stripes, and between these, yellowish-grey

tomentose stripes with yellowish-grey pubescence, sides

covered with grey tomentum. Scutellum lighter, reddish

brown, with some yellowish-grey tomentum, and with black

pubescence. Abdomen reddish brown, with black pubes-

cence; the median narrow stripe composed of bluish-grey

tomentum is often indistinct, the spots on each side are

discernible on every segment except the first and last, and

more distinct, being clothed with white hairs ; apex of

abdomen usually darker in colour ; underside reddish yellow

at base, becoming blackish on fore borders of the segments

and yellowish on posterior borders, the whole covered with

dense, short, whitish pubescence uniformly reddish with

white hairs. Wings large, tinged yellow ; veins brown.

Tabanus transversus, & 2, Walker, List Dipt. v. p. 256 (1854).

Type (male), type (female), and three other males pre-

sented by Col. Bolton.

A small brown species with a grey median stripe and

segmentations on abdomen. Forehead with a small yellow

callus. Antenne and legs yellowish.

Length, ¢ 9, ¢ 10 mm.

9. Face covered with yellowish-grey tomentum, a few

pale hairs in centre. Beard pale yellow. Palpi very slender,

nearly the same width throughout, pale yellow with rather

thick black pubescence. Antenne tle same colour, blackish

at apex, the first two joints with pubescence, the third with

a distinct angle. Forehead same colour as face, about three

times as long as it is broad anteriorly ; it is narrowed at the

vertex; frontal callus yellowish, small, not reaching eyes

and with no lineal extension. Thorax cinnamon-brown with

darker brown stripes. Scudellum same colour. Abdomen

cinnamon-brown, with some darker irregular blotches of

colour, the median stripe very distinct, composed of long

cone-shaped spots, beginning from the second segment,

covered with greyish tomentum, the segmentations narrowly

Tabanide of the Australian Region. d9L

greyish, pubescence on dorsum chiefly composed of very

short pale hairs; underside yellowish. Legs uniformly

cinnamon-brown. Wings clear, very faintly shaded on

cross-velns ; stigma and veins yellowish ; no appendix.

¢ issimilar. Eyes with large facets on the upper two-

thirds of their surface. Palpi composed of three joints, the

last two almost equal in length, with long black hairs,

larger and more slender than is usual in males.

Tabanus reducens, 2, Walker, Proc. Linn. Soe. iv. p. 103

(1860) ; Ricardo, Records Indian Museum, iv. no. vi.

p. 267 (1911).

Type (female), from Macassar, the other female from

Celebes (Wallace Coll., 1857-1858).

A large blackish species, with a median well-marked grey

stripe on abdomen, in general appearance not unlike

Tabanus mandarinus, Schiner, but distinguished by the open

first posterior cell of wings.

Length 20-23 mm.

Face covered with ashy-grey tomentum and with long

whitish hairs. Beard white. Palpi stout at base, ending in

a long obtuse point, pale yellowish, covered with grey

tomentum and with black pubescence. Antenne tawny at

base, the third joint dusky, long, with a small tooth at base.

Forehead covered with grey tomentum, narrow, about nine

times as long as it is broad anteriorly; frontal callus dark

chestnut-brown, long and narrow, not reaching the eyes,

with a short lineal extension. Thorax blackish, with two

fairly distinct grey tomentose stripes, hairs on shoulders

black, posteriorly at sides white. Scutellum the same

colour, covered with grey tomentum. - dddomen blackish,

the grey tomentose median stripe very distinct, composed

of elongated spots forming a united stripe; the seventh seg-

meut has no spot, traces of side-stripes are very apparent ;

formed of spots which do not coalesce ; underside blackish,

reddish at sides, with narrow grey segmentations. Leys

blackish, the femora covered with grey tomentum; the tibize

tawny ; pubescence on femora white, elsewhere black.

Wings large, clear; veins and stigma yellowish.

Tabanus similis, 3 , Macquart, Dipt. Exot., Suppl. iv. p. 335

(1849).

Type (female) in Verrall Coll., from Tasmania, in poor

condition,

392 Miss G. Ricardo on the

A medium-sized yellowish species, with a narrow grey

median stripe on a wider darker stripe on the yellowish

abdomen. Antenne, palpi, and legs all yellowish.

Length 125 mm.

Face covered with ashy-grey tomentum and some long

pale hairs. Beard white. Palpi pale yellow, with sparse

black pubescence, rather stout, ending in a point. Anfenne

reddish yellow, the third joint (which is incomplete) with a

distinct tooth, the first two joints paler in colour, with black

pubescence. Forehead broad, about four times as long as it

is wide anteriorly, almost parallel; frontal callus large,

square, not reaching eyes, reddish brown, with a short lineal

extension. Jhorax dark in colour, with traces of lighter

tomentum. Scutellum is similar. Abdomen (faded) warm

buff-colour, with a broad median mummy-brown stripe, on

which appears a narrow grey tomentose stripe; the apex and

sides are also mummy-brown; underside very similar, but

no stripes are visible. Legs reddish yellow, Wings clear,

stigma yellow; no appendix present.

No fresh specimens of this species occur in any of the

collections to which I have had access.

Tabanus rufinotatus, Bigot, Mém. Soc. Zool. de France, v.

p- 673 (1892) (Atylotus).

Tabanus elesteem, Summers, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) x. p. 224

(1912).

Tabanus designatus, Ricardo, Résultats Expedition Sci. Néerlandaise

Nouv. Guinée, ix. (8) p. 890 (19138) ; id. Tijd. Ent. lv. p.349 (1912).

Tabanus lineatus, Taylor, Austr. Inst. Trop. Med. 1911, p. 16 (1918) ;

Austen, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xiii. p. 265 (1913).

Since the publication of my description of T. designatus

T have had the opportunity of examining Bigot’s type in the

late Mr. Verrall’s collection, and establishing the identity of

my species with it. Females of this species | are in the Brit.

Mus. Coll. from S. Queensland and S. Australia; in

Mr. Froggatt’s Coll. from New South Wales ; in Mr. Wain-

wright’s “Coll. from Kuranda and Mawnaville, Queensland ;

in the German Ent. Museum from Herberton ( (Dodd), xii.

1900, 3700 ft.

Mr. Taylor records it from Queensland, Miss Summers

from Port Darwin, S. Australia, and the specimens I named

as T. designatus were collected in Dutch New Guinea.

Bigot’s type came from Australia.

The species is easily recognized by the presence of three

greyish stripes on the reddish-brown abdomen,

——-". ©

Tabanidee of the Australian Region. 393

Tubanus queenslandii, 2 , sp. nu.

Type (a female) in Brit. Mus, Coll. from N.E. Queens-

land (C. M. Kelsall), 1910, 209 ; and another female from

Ching Do, N. Queensland, 36. 1. 1913 (#. H. Taylor), 1914.

A blackish-brown species, not in very good preservation,

but easily identified by the one well-marked median stripe

on abdomen, composed of white tomentum.,

Length 17 mm,

Face covered with greyish-yellow tomentum and with

some white hairs. Beard white. Palpi yellow, very stout,

ending in a short point, the pubescence black. Antenne:

the first two joints dusky yellow, with thick black pubes-

cence, the third is broken off. Forehead rather broad,

parallel, about five times as long as it is broad, covered with

greyish-yellow tomentum, the frontal callus small, very

parrow, pear-shaped, with short lineal extension. Thorax

and scutellum denuded, reddish, with black stripes and some

grey tomentum. <Addomen blackish brown, with median

broad pale stripe; underside blackish, with ashy-grey

tomentum on sides. Legs reddish, the femora with grey

tomentum, the tarsidarker. Wings clear, stigma and veins

yellowish brown.

This species bears a general resemblance to Tadanus

reducens, Walker, from Celebes, but is smaller and has a

broader forehead ; the palpi also are less stout.

The female from Ching Do differs somewhat in the

markings of the abdomen, the tomentose spots not being

quite continuous; the first spot on the second segment

reaches the anterior border, which is not the case with the

two following spots; all of them are smaller and more

triangular in shape, The third joint of antenne is black,

with a small tooth.

Tubanus strangmannii, 2, sp. 0.

Type (female) and others from Port Darwin, S. Australia

(Dr. Strangmann), presented by London School of Tropical

Medicine ; another from Townsville, Queensland a eae

Dodd); another from Port Essington, S. Australia (in-

correctly labelled “ Tabanus brevivitta, Walker”): all in

Brit. Mus. Coll.; one female in Mr. Wainwright’s Coll.

from Rockhampton, Queensland (Pilcher). Type (male)

from Townsville (F. P. Dodd). :

A species easily distinguished in the group with stripes on

dnn. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 27

394 Miss G. Ricardo on the

the abdomen, reddish brown, with a median grey stripe on

abdomen, which is blackish on the first two segments.

Antenne and legs yellowish.

Length 16-17 mm., ¢?.

Face covered with greyish tomentum, becoming rather

yellow in the centre, where some yellow hairs are apparent ;

cheeks with white hairs. Beard white. Palpi chamois-

leather-coloured, stout, ending in an obtuse point, pubescence

white or yellowish, short. Antenne reddish yellow, darker

at apex, the first two joints the same colour as palpi, with

some blackish hairs, the third joint with an obtuse angle at

base. Furehead parallel, darker in colour than the face,

about six times as long as it is broad; frontal callus brownish

black, pear-shaped, with a lineal extension; some yellow

hairs on forehead. Thorax blackish brown, covered with

grey tomentum, with two very distinct grey- or white-haired

stripes ; sides of thorax with the same coloured hairs ; else-

where the pubescence is dark but short, and not noticeable ;

shoulders reddish, with black hairs, sides and breast grey.

Scutellum blackish brown, with grey tomentum on each side.

Abdomen reddish yellow, in some specimens it is darker ;

the median stripe is black, narrow and ill-defined on the

first two segments, afterwards composed of distinct grey

tomentose connected spots, forming a stripe to the sixth

segment, where it ends in a fine point; sides of abdomen

paler, with pale hairs; underside reddish yellow, with pale

pubescence. Legs reddish yellow, the fore coxz covered

with grey tomentum and with grey hairs, the fore femora

brownish black with some white hairs, the other femora

with grey tomentum, the fore tibiz, at apex and the tarsi

blackish, the hind tibiee with yellow hairs, all tarsi a little

darker in colour. Wings hyaline, tinged faintly brown near

stigma; veins brown.

d. Identical; eyes with the large facets occupying quite

two-thirds of their surface, reaching to the middle of the

frontal triangle, but posteriorly bordered by a narrow band

of the small facets.

Taubanus parvicallosus, 9, sp. n.

Type (female), from Moreton Island, Moreton Bay, near

Brisbane, in Brit. Mus. Coll. (S. Diggles), and another

female in Mr. Froggatt’s Coll. from Brisbane (May 1900).

A reddish-brown medium-sized species with a black stripe

on the abdomen ; antennz, palpi, and legs yellowish.

Tabanidee of the Australian Region. 395

Length 18 mm.

Face covered with greyish tomentum and with white

hairs. Beard white. Papi yellow, large, stout, ending in a

short point, covered with short black pubescence, becoming

thicker at the apices. Antenne reddish, the first two joints

yellow with black hairs, the third joint wide at its base, with

a distinct tooth situated almost halfway up on the upper

border, the apical half of joint dusky in colour. Forehead

covered with yellowish-brown tomentum, slightly narrower

anteriorly, about seven times as long as it is broad ; the

frontal callus small, pear-shaped, with a lineal extension,

reddish brown. Thorax reddish brown, with indistinct

blackish stripes, and with grey tomentum; pubescence

chiefly black, short. Scutellum dusky, with grey tomentum.

Abdomen reddish brown, the black median stripe composed

of oblong black spots almost continuous, those on the first

three segments most distinct, their posterior borders with a

few yellow or white hairs ; pubescence of dorsum otherwise

black, at sides white; underside reddish, with the stripe

appearing through. Legs reddish yellow, the fore coxze

covered with dense white pubescence and grey tomentum,

the others the same but the pubescence less thick ; tarsi

dark in colour, the hind pair less so ; the pubescence on °

tibiz white, elsewhere black. Wings clear, large, veins

yellow.

This species and T. laticallosus are distinguished from

Tabanus sordidus, Walker, List Dipt. v. p. 256 (1854), from

New Zealand, by the smaller, narrower, frontal callus and by

the narrower forehead.

Tabanus laticallosus, 2 , sp. 0.

Type (female) and two other females from Moreton

Island, Moreton Bay, near Brisbane (Voyage ‘ Rattlesnake,’

Macgillivray), in Brit. Mus. Coll. ; and a male from Strad-

brooke Island, Queensland, 8. x. 1911 (H. Hacker).

A species nearly allied to 7. parvicallosus, but distinguished

by the black antennz, larger frontal callus, darker legs,

brownish wings, and by the less distinct black stripe, which

hardly consists of more than a black oblong spot, on the

second segment. Beard yellowish. Pelpi reddish, with

black pubescence and grey tomentum. Forehead parallel ;

frontal callus reddish brown, larger than that of 7. parvi-

callosus. Thorax and seutellum darker. Abdomen reddish

brown, darker at the apex, the posterior borders of segments

27*

396 On the Tabanidee of the Australian Region.

with yellow hairs, thickest at the sides and in the middle,

not present on the last three segments, which are covered

with black hairs ; pubescence elsewhere on dorsum also

black ; underside with the yellow hairs on every segment.

Legs blackish, the tibize on their basai two-thirds reddish

yellow. Wings tinged with brown, yellowish on fore border,

veins brown.

Length 16mm. A female from Queensland only measures

13 mm.

Tabanus duplonotatus, 2 , sp. 0.

Type (female) and a series from 8. Queensland, Deception

Bay, S. Queensland, and Burnett River District (7. L. Ban-

croft), 1907-1912 ; and from Brisbane, 1902 (H. Tryon).

A medium-sized species allied to Tabanus innotabilis, W1k.,

but distinguished from it by the more slender palpi, the

black femora, and by the markings of abdomen, a black

stripe bemg present with median grey-haired spots super-

imposed on it.

Length 14-15 mm. ;

Face covered with yellowish-grey tomentum, with some

brownish hairs on centre below antennz and on borders of

cheeks, with white hairs at base of these last. Beard white.

Palpi slender, almost the same width throughout, apex

obtuse, pale yellow, with scattered black hairs. Antenne

reddish yellow, the first two joints pale yellow, with black

hairs, the third red, black at apex, with a distinct small

tooth crowned with some black hairs; subcallus and forehead

same colour as face. Forehead parallel or slightly narrower

at the vertex, about five times as long as it is broad, the

frontal callus reddish brown, pear-shaped, with a short

extension, not reaching the eyes; pubescence on forehead

black. Thorax blackish, with some grey tomentum and

covered with recumbent yellowish pubescence; sides and

shoulders with longer black hairs. Scutellum same as thorax,

Abdomen reddish yellow, with a median blackish stripe ; the

spots, composed of dirty whitish-coloured hairs, are triangular

in shape, apex of abdomen darker, the pubescence on dorsum

and on sides black ; underside yellowish, darker on apical

half, with white pubescence, short but thick. Legs blackish,

the femora with grey tomentum and chiefly whitish pubes-

cence; the tibiz pale yellow, darker at apices, with black

hairs ; the tibiz reddish at base, becoming darker. Wings

erey, very faintly tinged with brown at apex, yellow on fore

border, ve ns yellow.

On Cupressocrinus townsendi An g, sp. 397

Tabanus pallipennis, Macq., Dipt. Exot., Suppl. i. p. 160

(1844), would probably belong to this group, being described

as black, with three grey tomentose stripes on the abdomen.

Legs black ; tibize reddish. Antenne yellowish.

Length 12 mm.

From New Holland.

The type is probably lost, and I have not seen any speci-

mens identifiable with this species.

L.—The Devonian Crinoid Cupressocrinus townsendi

Konig, sp. By ¥. A. Barner, M.A., D.Sce., F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tuis species was established by Charles D. E. Konig as

No. 97 of his ‘Icones Fossilium sectiles’ (London, April

1825) under the name Encrinus townsendi, wpon a “ speci-

men ex Hispania allatum a Rev. Josepho Townsend.” The

species was said to be “ articulis brachiorum angulatis et

maximis distinctissima.”

The holotype, preserved in the British Museum [E. 5264],

consists of the five arms, from the articularia down almost

to their extremities, each composed of 13 or possibly 14

brachials. The extreme length of the specimen is 79°6 mm.,

and its greatest diameter 57'7 mm. ‘The specimen has,

however, been crushed, so that its diameter at right angles

to the preceding is only about 32 mm., a measurement which

cannot be taken precisely because the specimen has been cut

vertically in half. The mean of the two measurements is

about45 mm. The width of the articularia is about 23-5 mm.,

and this gives as the diameter of the cup about 37 mm.

(fig. 1).

The brachials are all remarkable for their great relative

width ; the precise measurements are given later, in com-

parison with those of C. elongatus. There is a slightly

rounded dorsal ridge, relatively more elevated in the distal

half of the arm than in the proximal ; the slope of the sides

from this to the abutting. margins is outwardly convex in the

distal third, becomes gradually straight in the middle third,

and tends to become concave in the proximal third. The

greatest thickness (dorso-ventral) of the arm is about

14 mm.; the thickness of the proximal brachial is about

75mm. In the thickness the cover-plates are not included.

398 Dr. F. A. Bather en

The dorsal slopes bore coarse anastomosing rugze, such as

are often found in C. elongatus when the ornament of that

species approaches that of C. hieroglyphicus.

Wie

Ga Hh uy

fulerum

dorsal ligament

Cupressocr u.ius townsendt,

Fig. 1—The distal portion of the crown, very slightly reconstructed and

restored from the actual holotype, so as to give the true proportions,

which in the fossil and in K6nig’s accurate drawing of it are obscured

by crushing. Nat. size.

Fig. 2.—The proximal joint-face of Br.. The precise outline on the

ventral side is uncertain. Nat. size.

The abutting margins are broad and smooth.

The suture-lines are essentially straight ; but in the arm

Cupressocrinus townsendi Kénig, sp. 399

from which the measurements of d, are taken *, whether in

consequence of shifting or by natural growth, the median

dorsal region of the suture is more proximal than are its

ventral ends, and this gives the suture that angular appear-

ance which was emphasized by K6nig in his figure and

description. Any real divergence from the straight line

that there may be consists, as in C. elongatus, in a dorsal

saddle (i. e. directed distalwards) with adjacent side lobes ;

but these appearances are much fainter than in C. elongatus.

The colour is black, as in C. elongatus, indicating a large

proportion of organic matter in the stereom.

The cover-plates have been exposed in a vertical section

made through the whole fossil, and appear to have been

about 44 to the brachial, at all events at about Br;, which

has a length of 6°3 mm.; the diameter of each cover-plate at

this level would thus be 1-4 mm. Dark spots in the verti-

cally cut brachials probably represent nerve-canals from the

axial canal to the cover-plates.

The articularia are absent from one half of the cut fossil,

and have been ground down in the other half, so that they

are there represented only by narrow and thin bands of

stereom. ‘The proximal articular face of Br, is fairly well

shown in one arm of the other half (fig. 2). The width at

the fuleral ridge is 25°5 mm. Immediately dorsal to this

ridge is a long narrow groove (presumably for the dorsal

ligament), and this gives the impression that the fulcral

ridge itself is grooved. Immediately ventral to the ridge

is a wide elliptical canal, 3°8 mm. x cirea2 mm. This has a

raised margin, outside which on each side is a triangular

area (possibly for the imterarticular ligament), depressed

near the canal, but shallowing towards its apex near the

outer end of the fulcral ridge. Ventral to this triangular

area is another concave area, with a general slope distal-

wards ; its outline appears to have been triangular. This

last area lies over the muscle-plates of the ‘ consolidating

apparatus,” just as these lie over the corresponding area in

the radials ; therefore the area was probably for the attach-

ment of the ventral muscles.

The nearest allies of C. townsendi are without doubt

* See p. 400. Since the distal brachial of a Cupressocrinus may be

anything from Br; to Brso, it is convenient for purposes of comparison

to designate it d;, and the penultimate d., and soon. See, further, a

paper recently sent to the Geological Society of Belgium, if it ever

appears.

400 4 Dr. F. A. Bather on

C. elongatus Goldfuss and C. hieroglyphicus Schultze, both

from the Middle Devonian of the Eifel. Their remains

have the same dark colour. Of these two, C. elongatus

approaches C. townsendi more closely in both the ornament

and the proportions of the brachials ; indeed, it is only in the

latter feature that distinguishing characters can be detected.

Comparison may be made with a well-preserved specimen

of C. elongatus from Dachsberg, Gerolstein, now in the

British Museum [E. 15471]. The arms of this specimen

attain a length of 117 mm. and are composed of about 20

brachials, counting the articularia as Br,;. The following

are comparative measurements in millimetres :-—

C. elongatus. C. townsendi.

Widthvol Bin hie: bee 22°5 to 24:7, Mean 23°6 26

Height of Broce. es Tht 1,33 8

Ratio, height: width, Br. 29 S05: by... | JO 325

Hleplt of Bis iesea: os. 9-4 86 96

Vitthbhn Vien ae coe ee 188 183 24:4

Ratio, height: width, Brs. 2 2:1 2°5

Heisht ol wry doy) ee. ore 6 6:1 48

BV SE Baa dN oe ie cen 151 15 18-4

HBO! Foes. aehighe RES Ee 2°5 2°45 3:8

Height Of dy". Gi n..es = 5 43 5

Wardtht S.) Coc ne viene hve 8:2 10

Ratio: [efi wer eee se 1:9 2

It follows from these measurements that the relative

width of the brachials is throughout greater in C. townsendi,

the difference being pronounced in all brachials except those

at the proximal and distal ends. Other differences are the

greater straightness of the suture-line, the sharper angle of

the dorsal ridge, and the projection of Br, beyond Br, in

C. townsendi. In C. elongatus the arms are constricted in

the upper part of Bry.

The species Cup.’ - vcrinus townsendi must therefore be

maintained, with the following diagnosis :—

A Cupressocrinus of dark colour (in the fossil) ;_ with

ornament of anastomosing rugz ; in which the brachials of

the middle tract of the arm may attain a ratio of height:

width :: 1: 3°8, and have almost straight slopes, meeting in

a slightly rounded dorsal ridge.

Loeality. Kénig says no more than ‘“ Hispania,” and there

is no other direct evidence. Some inference may, however,

be based on the writings of the finder.

Joseph Townsend (1739-1816), F.G.8., Fellow of Clare

Hall, Cambridge, where he took his B.A. degree in 1762,

Cupressocrinus townsendi Konig, sp. 401

his M.A. in 1765, after studying medicine at Edinburgh,

eventually settled down as Rector of Pewsey, Wilts. He

travelled in Ireland (1769), in France, Holland, and Flanders

(1770), in France and Spain (1786-7), and subsequently in

Switzerland. On these journeys he accumulated a fine

collection of minerals and fossils (Gents. Mag. 1816, ii.

p. 606), and a store of intelligent observations, of which

those bearing on geology were utilized in his well-known

book ‘The Character of Moses established for Veracity ’

(1812-15), and re-issued as ‘Geological and Mineralogical

Researches, &c.’ (1824). On p. 294 of this work he states :

“In the most elevated mountains of the Asturias I noticed

extraneous fossils : and met with not a few in Cadiz, Murcia,

Alicanut, and Tortosa.” Of these districts, Asturias is the

one in which Devonian rocks are now recognized. Further

details are given in Townsend’s remarkably interesting book

‘A Journey through Spain,’ which ran through three

editions (1791, 1792, 1814) and was translated into French

(Paris: 1800). From volume i. of this we learn that the

author passed through Léon (p. 376), and he mentions

various fossiliferous boulders in a torrent near by (p. 379).

Limestone charged with fossil shells was observed between

Puerto de Somiedo and La Pola de Somiedo (p. 390), and

this may have been Devonian. Near the level of the river,

two leagues from Pola de Somiedo, the marble is charged

with belemnites (p. 392), and, if this be correct, its age is

Mesozoic. ‘The earlier pages of volume ii. record the

author’s journey through Oviedo, Aviles, and Gijon. Near

the last place, he writes (p. 50) : “ At Peran in the limestone

rock, I met with a rich variety of extraneous fossils, of corals,

corallines, and coralloides, with cockles.” In this locality

are both Devonian and Carboniferous rocks, as shown in the

coast-section published by Prof. C. Barrois (1882, “ Re-

cherches sur les Terrains anciens des Asturies, &c.,’”? Mém.

Soe. Geol. Nord, vol. ii. pt. 1) ; the list of fossils there

quoted from the Calcaire des Cajions (p. 481) seems to

correspond with Townsend’s account, but this rock is Lower

Carboniferous.

It is, therefore, not possible to identify any particular

locality mentioned by ‘lownsend as that from which the

Cupressocrinus was obtained; but it seems safe to say that

it came from the Asturias. Any evidence that would tend

to indicate the probable locality more precisely can be

furnished only by the discovery of further specimens.

Horizon. '‘Yhere is no reason to doubt that the species,

like all other Cupressocrini, is of Devonian age. The

resemblance to C. elongatus suggests that it is Middie

Devonian, though it may well be slightly later than that

species. The Devonian of the north-eastern region of Spain,

says L. Mallada (1898, Explic. Mapa Geol. Espaiia, tomo iii.

p- 5), contains the same genera of crinoids as characterize

the system in the Rhenish provinces, viz., in the limestones

of Ferrofies (Upper Coblentian), Arnao (zone of Spirifer

cultrijugatus), and Moniello (with Calceola, Upper Eifelian).

Clearly it must be the last of these, if any, that yielded

Cupressocrinus townsendi; and one may suppose that the fossil

came from a bed closely corresponding to the “ Crinoiden-

schicht ” of the Eifel.

Cupressocrinus townsendi appears to be the only definitely

described and named species of the genus as yet recorded

from Spain. The fact may, however, be recalled that

D. & P. Oehlert have described some massive brachials and

other remains from the Middle (? Lower) Devonian of Santa

Lucia in Jiéon, which indicate the existence of a distinct

species, probably allied to C. schlothetmi (1897, Bull. Soe.

géol. France, sér. 3, tome xxiv. p. 286).

LI.—Notes and Synonymy of Hymenoptera in the Collection

of the British Museum. By Gerorrrey Merapr-Watpo,

M.A., and Cuaupe Morty, F.Z.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Durie the past year the large quantity of Hymenoptera

from all parts of the ~-9rld acquired by the late Peter

Cameron has become the property of the British Museum.

Among them were some 2000 type-specimens.

Up to the present all the types belonging to the families

Apide, Eumenide, Vespide, and Masaride have been

examined and incorporated in the collection; Mr. Claude

Morley has studied a number of the types of Ichneumonidze

in the same way.

A number of these prove to belong to previously known

species ; notes on their synonymy will be found below.

Notes on a few species from other sources are included.

TTymenoptera in the British Museum. 403

Family APID.

Allodape 5-lineata (Cam.) (1905)= Prosopis 5-lineata, Cam.

Near A. panurgoides, Smith, but differing in the white thoracic

pubescence. A South-African species.

Allodape marginata, Smith (1854)= Prosopis hewitti, Cam. (1908).

Cameron’s type is from Kuching, Borneo ; the species has been

recorded from several East-Indian localities.

Colletes malma (Cam.)= Andrena malma, Cam.

Colletes matha (Cam.)= Andrena matha, Cam.

Nomia fervida, Smith (1875)= Nomia nursei, Cam., ¢. Deesa.

Megachile ornata, Smith (1853)= Megachile wallacei, Cam., 9.

}.8. Africa (1905).

Sarawak.

Megachile laticeps, Smith (1853), ¢ =M. cecina, Cam., 3.

from Phil. Isl. = M. borneana, Cam., ¢.

= M. varidens, Cam., 3.

=M. gadara, Cam., ¢.

Megachile (Eumegachile) stirostoma (Cam.)=W. stirostoma, Cam.

(1913). Dehra Dun.

Megachile maritima, K. (1802)= 1. melanoneura, Cam. (1909).

Simla.

Megachile umbripennis, Smith (1853)= MM. lerma, Cam. (1908).

Megachile patellimana, Spin. (1838)= M. rugicauda, Cam. (1908).

Megachile hera, Bingh. (1897)=M. bombayensis, Cam. (1908).

= MW. erythrostoma, Cam. (1908).

=WM. kakinka, Cam.

Megachile nana, Bingh. (1907)=M. gathela, Cam. (1908), 9.

Deesa.

Megachile saphira, Cam., ¢ (1907)=W. lefroma, Cam., ¢ (1907).

Matheran.

Megachile venusta, Smith (1853) = W. leucopsis, Schletterer (1891).

Through the kindness of Dr. Severin I have been able to

examine the types of Schletterer’s species from the Congo.

Megachile adeloptera, Schletterer (1891)=M. duponti, Vachal

(1903).

Osmia anonyma (Cam.)=Megachile? anonyma, Cam. (1908).

Colonel Nurse had attached an MS. note to the specimen when

he submitted it to Cameron to the effect that he did not consider

it a Megachile.

Sarawak.

Nomioides comberi, Ckll., Q = Ceratina punjabensis, Cam. (1907).

404 Messrs. G. Meade-Waldo and C. Morley on

Nomioides divisus (Cam.)=Ceratina divisa, Cam. (1907)

= Ceratina spilaspis, Cam. (1908) ; Deesa.

Xylocopa flavonigrescens, Smith (1854)=Xylocopa malayana,

Cam., ¢. Singapore.

Xylocopa fenestrata, Fabr. (1798)=X. bombayensis, Cam.

Celioxys confusa, Smith (1875)=Celiowys tenwilineata, Cam., 2

(1913). Simla.

Coelioxys afra, Lep. (1841)=C. ruficaudis, Cam., 9 (1913). Simla.

Tribe DIPLOPTERA.

Family MASARIDE.

Plesiomasaris maculiceps, Cam. (1904)=Odynerus simplicipes,

Cam. (1905). Mexico.

In a previous paper (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vi. p. 101,

1910) I pointed out that the O. simplicipes described by Cameron

could not belong to that genus. JI have now compared it with

the type of Plesiomasaris maculiceps, with which it is identical.

Jn the British Museum there are also three specimens from

Guerrero, 3000 feet (Godman: Salvin Coll.).

Family EUMENID.

Eumenes canaliculatus, Oliv. (1773) = Humenes lineatifrons, Cam.

(1912). British Guiana.

Eumenes lucasia, Sauss. (1852)=Zethus broomi, Cam. (1904).

8. Africa.

Eumenes campaniformis, F. (1775) (=wrvillei, Sauss.)= Eumenes

- tricolor, Cam. Australia.

I have compared Catneron’s type with the Fabrician type in

the Banks Collection.

Labus interstitialis (Cam.)=Zeihus interstitialis, Cam. (1902).

N. India.

Calligaster cyanopterus, Sauss. (1852) = Zethus erythrostomus, Cam.

Java,

Zethus lobulatus, Sauss. (1856)=Baoprymna rufo-ornata, Cam.

(1912). British Guiana.

Montezumia pulchella (Smith) (1857) = Zethus rufofemoratus, Cam.

J Borneo.

Montezumia leprieuri, Spin. (1841) (=pelagica, Sauss.) = Monte-

zuma rodwayi, Cam. (1912). British Guiana.

Hymenoptera in the British Museum. 405

Rhynchium imitator (Cam.)=Synagris imitatriv, Cam. (1909).

Transvaal,

Rhynchium leviscutus (Cam.)= Odynerus leviscutis, Cam. (1908).

Bombay.

Odynerus (Ancistrocerus) leucospilus, Cam., var. (1907)=0. (An-

cistrocerus) quettaensis, Cam. (1907).

Odynerus drescheri, Cam. (1905), Java=O. kuchingensis, Cam.

(1905). Borneo.

Odynerus (Lionotus) megaspilus, Cam. (1907), 9 =O. santu-

bongensis, Cam. (1908), 9.

Cameron described O. megaspilus as an Ancistrocerus; O. san-

tubongensis is not quite typical, the clypeus having a black spot ;

in O. megaspilus it is wholly yellow.

Odynerus laboriosus, Smith (1863). New Guinea= Odynerus wai-

goensis, Cam. (1913). Waigion.

Odynerus (Symmorphus) canadensis, Sauss. (1856) =Symmorphus

cogitans, Cam. (1906),

Odynerus monteregalis, M.- Waldo, nom. noy.= Odynerus ( Ancistro-

cerus) canadaensis, Cam. (nec Sauss.). Montreal,

Qdynerus acapulcensis (Cam.) = Nortonia acapulcensis, Cam.

Mexico.

Odynerus basimacula (Cam.)=Wortonia ? basimacula, Cam. (1908),

Texas.

Odynerus erectus, Cress. (1872), var. = Odynerus birkmani, Cam.

This specimen, described by Cameron from Texas, differs from

typical O. erectus in having the terminal segments of the abdomen

with apical yellow fasciz.

Paralastor apicatus, Smith (1858). Aru= Odynerus lorentzi, Cam,

(1911). Dutch New Guinea (Lorentz Exped.),

Dr. R.C. L. Perkins writes on this species (P. Z. 8S, 1914,

p. O84).

Family VESPID&.

Ischnogaster fulvipennis, Guérin (1830)= Ischnogaster canalicu-

latus, Cam. (1911),

Described from Dutch New Guinea (Lorentz Exped.).

Ischnogaster iridipennis, Smith (1858)= Tschnogaster malayaensis,

Cam. (1906). Dutch New Guinea.

Described from Etna Bay (1903).

Icaria conservator, Smith (1860)=Jcaria waiqeuensis, Cam. (1913),

Waigiou.

406 Messrs. G. Meade-Waldo and C. Morley on

Icaria nigra, Smith (1858), var. catharine (Cam.)= Ancistrocerus

catharine, Cam. (1913).

All the species published with the specific name ‘“ catharine”

in Cameron’s paper on the Waigiou Hymenoptera (Bijdr. Dierk.

viii. pp. 76-86, 1913) bear labels with the specific name “ beau-

fort” on the type-specimens. The var. catharine differs from

the type in having the following yellow facial markings :—a

bilobed mark between antennz at base, a mark on lower orbits

on each side, and two apical marks on clypeus. There is a

specimen in the British Museum from Aru (Coll. W. W. Froggatt) ~

which agrees with the type in the Amsterdam Museum.

Icaria confraternus (Cam.)=Odynerus confraternus, Cam. (1911).

Dutch New Guinea (Lorentz Exped.).

Mischocyttarus labiatus, Fab., ¢ (1804)= Megacanthopus violacei-

pennis, Cam, (1911), British Guiana.

Mischocyttarus labiatus, Fab., var. drewseni, Sauss. (1857)=

Megacanthopus atriceps, Cam., and AMegacanthopus rotundi-

collis, Cam.

Both described from British Guiana in 1911.

Mischocyttarus longipetiolatus (Cam.) = Megacanthopus longi-

petiolatus, Cam. (1911). British Guiana.

Nectarina lecheguana, Latr. (1824)= Nectarina arizonensis, Cam.

Arizona.

Protonectarina sylveire (Sauss.) (1853)=Charterginus rotundi-

lineatus, Cam. Brazil.

A discoloured specimen, the yellow turned red by cyanide.

Chartergus chartarius, Oliv., ¢ (1791)=Chartergus tuberculatus,

aS Cam., ¢ (1907). Brazil.

Parachartergus vespiceps, Sauss., var. testaceus, Ducke = Xantho-

caba nigrolineata, Cam. Brazil.

Icaria speciosa, Sauss. (1855)=TJcarta rufinoda, Cam. Singapore.

Polistes tepidus, Fab. (1775) = Polistes malayanus, Cam. (1906).

N. Guinea.

Polybia (Parapolybia) orientalis, Sauss. (1853) = Jearia wroughtoni,

Cam. Poona.

—— (——) , var.=Tearia annulipes, Cam. Dehra Dun.

a ) , var.=Icaria fuscipennis, Cam, (1900). Khasia.

This is a variable species, and Cameron has been misled by

colour-differences.

Polybia occidentalis, Oliv., var. brunneiceps (Cam.) = Polybia brun-

neiceps, Cam, (1911). Brit, Guiana.

ITymenoptera in the British Museum. 407

Polybia rejecta, ab. (1798) (=bicolor, Sm.)= Polyhia belizensis,

Cam. (1911). Brit. Guiana.

Megacanthopus injucundus (Sauss.)= Polybia bimarginata, Cam.

(1911). Brit. Guiana.

Megacanthopus basimacula (Cam.)= Polybia basimacula, Cam.

(1907). British Honduras.

Family ICHNEUMONIDA. By Cravpr Mortey, F.Z.S., F.E.S.

Ichneumon sollicitorius, lab. (1775)=Ichneumon consanguineus,

Smith (1876), New Zealand ; and Amblyteles zealandica,

Cam. (1901), New Zealand.

Ichneumon huttoni, Kirby (1881)=Degithina buchanani, Cam.

(1901). New Zealand.

Ichneumon maculipleuralis, Cam. (1886)= Antelca rufa, Cam.,

?MS. Centr. Amer.

Ichneumon placidus, Smith (1876), nec Prov. (1875) = Ichnewmon

richardi, Cam. (1901). New Zealand.

Ichneumon conspiratus, Smith (1876)=Jchneumon frederici, Cam,

(1901). New Zealand.

Exeristes nigroscutis, Cam. (1907)=Charitopimpla nigroscutis,

Cam, (1907). India.

Exeristes flavoscutis, Cam. (1907)=Charitopimpla flavoscutis,

Cam. (1907). India.

Pristomerus marginicollis, Cam. (1907)= Pristomeridia margini-

collis, Cam. (1907). India.

Echthromorpha notulatorix, Fab. (1804)= Echthromorpha leva,

Cam. (1903). India.

Epiurus latisuleatus, Cam. (1908)=Pimpla latisulcata, Cam,

(1908). India.

Epiurus sikkimensis, Cam. (1908)=Pimpla sikkimensis, Cam,

(1908). India.

Cryptus sororius, Cress. (1872)= Campsocryptus brevicornis, Cam.

(1905). N. America.

Cryptus maculiscutis, Cam. (? MS.)= Distantella maculiseutis, Cam,

(? MS.).

Cryptus pallidilineatus, Cam. (? MS.)=Distantella pallidilineata,

Cam. (? MS.).

Hemiteles areator, Panz, (1801)=Oracustes nigroornatus, Cam,

(1908). North America.

Celichneumon sponsatorius, Fab. (1804)=Stenichneumon water-

toni, Cam. (1911), British Guiana ; and Ichnewmon argenti-

pilosis, Cam. (1826), Mexico.

Amblyteles montanus, Cam., 9, ?MS.=Trogus montanus, Cam.,

? MS.

Theronia penetrans, Smith (1858)=TZheronia papuana, Cam.

(1911). New Guinea.

Theronia zebra, Voll. (1879)=Theronia maskeliye, Cam. (1905).

India.

Neotheronia chiriquensis, Cam. (1886)=Neotheronia erythrea,

Cam, (1911). British Guiana.

Neotheronia alternans, Brullé (1846)= Neotheroma claripennis,

Cam. (1911). British Guiana.

Lampronota punctata, Cress. (1870)=Lampronota aciculata, Cam.

(1905). North America.

Epimecis fuscipennis, Cress. (1865)=pimeces fuscipennis, Cam.

(1911). British Guiana.

Epimecis wilti, Cress. (1870)=Epimecis tibialis, Cam. (1886).

Mexico.

Orona petiolaris, Cam. (1905). N. America=“ A Stilpnid genus

closely allied to Phrubus monilicornis, Bridg.” (cf. Morley,

‘ Ichneumonologia Britannica,’ iv. p. 268, 1911).

Hemipimpls. nulcherrima, Cress. (1886) = Odontopimpla armatipes,

“Cam, (1911). Central America, British Guiana.

Hemipimpla vipioides, Brullé (1846)=Cosmiopimpla ferruginea,

Cam. (1905). 8. Africa.

Pimpla ichneumoniformis, Cress. (1873)=Ichneumon chiriquensis,

Cam. (1884). Central America.

Pimpla flavipes (Cam.) (1905) = Lissotheronia flavipes, Cam. (1905),

India; and Pimpla ampla, Morley (1913).

Glyphicnemis rufipes, Cam., ? MS.=Buachia rufipes, Cam., ? MS.

N. America.

Eyzeuctus xanthostomus (Cam.), ?MS.=Lissonota xanthostoma,

Cam., ? MS.

Syzeuctus maculatorius, Fab. (1787)= Lissonota wthiopica, Cam.

(1906). 8. Africa.

Syzeuctus xanthorius (Cam,) (1904)=Lissonota wanthoria, Cam.

India,

Hymenoptera in the British Museum. 409

Nototrachys californicus, Cress. (1878) = Nototrachus spilocephalus,

Cam., ? MS. N. America.

Nototrachys variistriatus, Morl., nom. nov. (1912)= N. reticulatus,

Cam. (nec Cress.), 1905, Ceylon.

Dioctes maculipes (Cam.) (1905)= Enytus maculipes, Cam. (1905).

N. America.

Dicwlotus testaceicornis, Cam. (1908)=Bathymetis testaceicornis,

Cam. (1908). N. America.

This species is extremely near D. cameroni, Bridg.

Dicelotus cariniscutis, Cam. (1906)=Leptodermas cariniscutis,

Cam. (1906). 8. Africa.

? Nonus atratus, Cress. (1886)= Nonnus biannulatus, Cam. (1911).

British Guiana.

This genus is closely related to Nematopodius, Grav.

Phzogenes erythrostomus, Cam. (1908)=Stilboscopus erythro-

stomus, Cam. (1908). N. America.

Henicospilus purgatus, Say (1836)= Enicospilus maculiceps, Cam.

(1911). British Guiana.

Two alar corneous marks are distinct.

Henicospilus concolor, Cress. (1869) = Enicospilus guyanensis,

Cam. (1911). British Guiana.

Allocamptus renovatus, Morl. (1912)=Ophion latilineatus, Cam.

(1911). British Guiana.

Stauropodoctonus maculipennis, Cam. (1886)== Enicospilus parvi-

maculatus, Cam. (1911). British Guiana.

Thyreodon cyaneus, Brullé (1846)=Thyreodon nigroceruleus,

Cam. (1911). British Guiana.

Thalessa? instigator, Smith=Certonotus rufipes, Cam. (1911).

New Guinea.

Epirhyssa lorentzi, Cam.= Certonotus lorentzi, Cam. (1911). New

Guinea.

Closely allied to EZ. japonica, Cam.

Epirhyssa ? flavopicta, Smith (1864), var.= Zpirhyssa albolineata,

Cam. (1911). Malaysia.

Certonotus seminiger, Krieg. (1901)=Certonotus labialis, Cam.

(1907). New Guinea.

Phytodiwtoides spinipes, Cam. (1905)=Jthorus spinipes, Cam.

(1905), and P. negera, Morl. (1913). India,

Paniscus grumi, Kok. (1906)= Paniscus melanarius, Cam., ? MS,

Ann. & May. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 28

410 Mr. O. Thomas on

Polyclistus mansuetor, Gray. (1829)= Evwochus fuscipilosus, Cam.,

?MS., and Plesioewochus rufipes, Cam.,? MS. 8. Africa.

Itoplectis rufa, Cam. (1906)=Delaulaw rufa, Cam. (1912).

8. Africa.

Near J. sponsa, Hal. (1836).

Mesostenoideus albomaculatus (Cam.) (1902, nec Cress. 1864)=

Fenenias albomaculatus, Cam. India.

Goryphus, Holmgr. (1868)= Welcha, Cam. (1902).

Osprhynchotus gigas, Kriech. (1894)=Osprhynchotus ruficeps,

Cam. (1906). 8. Africa.

Idiolispa, Forst. (1868)=Phedro phadnus, Cam. (1906). India,

Europe.

LII.—Four new Small Mammals from Venezuela.

By OLpFIELD ‘THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Saccopteryx pumila, sp. n.

Near S. canescens, Thos., but the molars larger.

External characters as in canescens, though the colour is

rather darker «> 4s to be intermediate between the greyish

brown of canescens and the dark brown of leptura.

Size of skull as in S. canescens, therefore conspicuously

smaller and more delicate than in S, leptura. Interorbital

and intertemporal region narrow. Anteorbiial inflation more

marked than in either canescens or leptura, though less than

in Peropteryx. Postero-lateral edges of palate directly trans-

verse, not slanted backwards towards the middle as in

S. leptura. Mesopterygoid fossa narrow. Basisphenoid pit

without narial septum. Foramina between the outer corners

of the pit and the glenoid surfaces quite small, as in S. canes-

cens, much larger in S. leptura and gymnura.

Molars conspicuously larger than in 8. canescens and

gymnura, nearly equalling those of S. leptura.

Dimensions of the type :—

Forearm 37°5 mm.

Skull: greatest length 13-7 ; condylo-basal length to front

of canine 11°3; zygomatic breadth 7°7; interorbital breadth

2°7; intertemporal breadth 2; breadth of brain-case 6:2 ;

Four new Small Mammals from Venezuela. 411

palato-sinual length 3°8 ; front of canine to back of m? 4°7 ;

combined length of m! and m? on outer edge 2°4.

Hab. Altagracia, Lower Orinco, Venezuela.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 98.5.8.4. Original

number 9662. Collected 12th January, 1898, by Mr. G. K.

Cherrie.

Specimens of this species from the Orinoco and Cayenne

had hitherto been referred to S. canescens, but the arrival of

a skull of the same form from near Lake Valencia, Carabobo,

collected by Mr. S. M. Klages, has drawn my attention to

its very much larger molars, on which account it should

apparently be separated specifically. The type of S. canes-

cens has also a well-marked basisphenoid septum, none being

present in any of the four examples of S. pumila.

Vampyrops oralus, sp. n.

Near V. dorsalis and umbratus but smaller and the lower

molars broader.

External characters about as in V. dorsalis, except that the

colour is more smoky and the facial lines are distinctly

marked, pale brownish white, the dorsal line well-defined,

white.

Skull rather smaller than that of dorsalis, the palate

shorter and the posterior palatal tube not continued quite so

far back.

Incisors proportionally rather small, though much larger

than in V. zarhinus and recifinus, the enamel-covered part of

a} 1-4x0°6 mm. Upper cheek-teeth about as in dorsalis, the

posterior premolar with secondary cusps on the hinder edge

of the main cusp. ‘The anterior molars distinguishedefrom

those of all other members of tlhe genus by the unusual

development of their inner ledges, which project inwards

considerably beyond the level of the cusps, and make the

middle breadth of each tooth considerably greater than the

posterior breadth, these two breadths being approximately

equal in other species.

Dimensions of the type (the italicised measurements taken

in the flesh) :—

Forearm 47 mm.

Head and body 72 ; ear 15; third finger, metacarpus 43;

first phalanx 17-5, second phalanx 24; lower leg and hind

foot (c. u.) 30.

Skull: greatest length 26:3, basal length 21-4; zygo-

matic breadth 15; interorbital breadth 6°7; mastoid breadth

25*

412 Mr. O. Thomas on

12:7; palatal length 13; front of canine to back of m3 10;

combined length of m! and m? 4-6.

Hab. Galifari, Sierra del Avila, N. Venezuela. Alt.

6500’.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 14. 7.27.1. Original

number 2. Collected 13th December, 1913, by Mr. 8. M.

Klages. Presented by the Hon. N. C. Rothschild.

This species is rather smaller than V. dorsalis and V. um-

bratus, Lyon, and differs from both by the development of

the inner ledges to its lower molars. Mr. Glover Allen has

been good enough to examine the type of V. umbratus for me,

and he informs me that it has no such special development of

the molar ledges as is presentin V.oratus. The other species

with normal-sized incisors and white dorsal line are either

materially larger or smaller.

Sigmomys venester, sp. n.

Like S. alstont, but smaller.

Fur rather softer than in alstoni, hairs of back about

11 mm. in length, the longer piles 15-16. General colour

above coarsely grizzled black and buffy, quite as in alstont.

Sides of nose, eye-rings, and tufts at base of ear clear buffy.

Undersurface grey, washed with whitish, more buffy on chest,

and probably more completely buffy washed in older speci-

mens; hairs of chin and throat white to base. Hands and

feet buffy whitish. Tail dark brown above, buffy whitish

below.

Skull apparently only differing from that of S. alstoni in

its smaller size ; the bullz, however, seem to be proportionally

smaller, being distinctly smaller than in the Guianian

S. savannarum. Molars much smaller than in 8S. alston?,

about as in savannarum.

Dimensions of the type, somewhat immature (measured in

flesh) :-—

He and body 115 mm.; tail 80; hind foot 25; ear 18.

Skull: greatest length 29; condylo-incisive length 26°5 ;

zygomatic breadth 17 ; nasals 10°3 ; interorbital breadth 4:7 ;

palatilar length 12:2; palatal foramina 6°4; upper molar

series 5, breadth of m? 1°9.

Hab. El Trompillo, near Lake Valencia, N. Venezuela.

Alt. 1300’.

Type. Immature female. B.M. no. 14.9.1.63. Original

number 63. Collected 5th May, 1914, by Mr. 8. M. Klages.

Presented by the Hon. N. C. Rothschild.

The species of Sigmomys are all practically alike in colour

and proportions. In their skulls S. alstoni of Cumana differs

Four new Small Mammals from Venezuela. 413

by its decidedly larger size, and especially its larger molars,

from S. savannarum of the mountains of British Guiana.

‘he present species is as small as the Guianan form, with

which its molars approximately agree, but it has much smaller

bulle. Geographically it should have nothing to do with

the latter.

The fact that the type is immature does not affect the size

of the teeth, which have been my chief guide in distinguishing

the species, but it should be noticed by other workers, who

might be deceived by the general measurements above given.

On the other hand the original type of S. alston7 is old and its

molars are very much worn and crushed together, the series

being therefore below normal length ; the tooth-row measures

about 6 mm. when in prime.

It may be here noted that Burmeister’s Lastomys hirsutus,

from Maracaibo, is clearly a Sigmodon, as is shown by the

figure of its skull given by Giebel. The incisors are

described without mention of a groove, so that it cannot be

a Sigmomys.

Sylvilagus valencia, sp. n.

Near S. cumanicus, but more rufescent.

Size as in cumanicus, theretore decidedly larger than in

orinoci. General colour very much as in orinoc?, not so grey

as in cumanicus, in which the flanks especially are very

markedly greyer than the dorsal colour. Under surface

strongly contrasted and sharply defined pure white, the hairs

white to their bases ; the incursion of buffy in the groin

reduced to a minimum. Head colour and markings as in

orinoc?, more intense than in cumanicus, the white superciliary

line, blackish area between eye and ear, and deep rusty nape

the same in all three. Limbs as in orinoci, except that the

hind feet are more conspicuously white. Tail over an inch

in length, therefore longer than the mere stump of the allied

species, but these rudimentary tails are easily stretched out,

and there may be little real difference in this respect; in

colour it is smoky greyish washed with rusty above, buffy

whitish below.

Skull very much as in cumanicus, conspicuously larger

than in ortnoct. Bullee somewhat larger than in the

former.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 412 mm.; tail 27; hind foot 90;

ear 62.

Skull: greatest length 80; condylo-incisive length 72°5 ;

414 Mr. H. A. Baylis on Octopetalum, a

zygomatic breadth 37:5 ; nasals, diagonal length 37 ; inter-

orbital breadth 18°5 ; upper tooth-series (alveoli) 15-2.

Hab. Near Lake Valencia, Carabobo, N. Venezuela. Type

from El ‘Trompillo, 8.E. of the Lake. Alt. 1300’.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 14.9, 1. 84. | Original

number 80. Collected 15th May, 1914, by Mr. 8. M.

Klages. Presented by the Hon. N. C. Rothschild.

This hare is evidently that referred to by Mr. Osgood * as

S. cumanicus in reference to a specimen from Maracay, on

the northern side of Lake Valencia. He gave exactly its

distinguishing characters, as compared with cuwmanicus,

orinoc?, and allies, but did not consider he had enough

material to describe it as new.

Now, however, the confirmation afforded by Mr. Klages’

specimen makes me think it should have a special name.

Its chief characteristic is its uniformly buffy colour as dis-

tinguished from the more greyish tone, and especially the

conspicuous grey flanks of the Cumana hare, while its greater

size readily separates it from that of the Orinoco.

LIII.—On Octopetalum, a new Genus of Avian Cestodes.

By H. A. Bayuts, B.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

[Plates XVII. & XVIII. ]

THE material upon which this account is based was found

among some parasitic worms collected in Nyasaland by

Dr. J. E. 8. Old. They were sent by him to the Imperial

Bureau of Entomology, who kindly handed them to me for

determination, and allowed me to keep them for the British

Museum.

One of the tubes contained Cestodes taken from the

intestines of a guinea-fowl, which, as the Bureau kindly

undertook to discover for me, was without doubt an example

of Guttera edouardi, Hartl. ‘These cestodes were of two

species, some of them proving to be specimens of Davainea

pintnert, Klaptocz, which was already known to occur in

another guinea-fowl, Numida ptilorhyncha. It is now, how-

ever, recorded for the first time, I believe, in guttera,

Among these there were also found three whole specimens

* Field Mus, Publ. No, 149, Zool. Series, x. p. 28 (1910),

new Genus of Avian Cestodes. 415

and some fragments of another form, which could be clearly

distinguished by its external appearance, even in a hasty

examination. Under a low power of the microscope it

was seen to have a very peculiar head, which at first sight

suggests the genus Tetrabothrius. I have not felt justified,

however, in placing it in that genus, on anatomical grounds,

and have been in so much doubt about its systematic position

that I have felt obliged to create a new genus for it, and

propose to name it

Octopetalum gutter, n. g., Sp. N.

EXTERNAL FEATURES.

The length of an entire specimen (in spirit) is about 9 cm.,

and it contains, roughly, 150 proglottides.

The maximum width is 2 mm.

The scolex is very interesting and peculiar ; it presents

an arrangement of lappets overhanging the suckers, which

is strongly suggestive of affinity with Tetrabothrius. These

Jappets, of which there is one for each sucker, are somewhat

epaulette-shaped, and have their free edges turned outwards

at about the level of the hinder border of the suckers. he

suckers are completely hidden by the lappets, but can be made

out beneath them when the head is cleared with clove-oil or

creosote. Up the middle line of each lappet there runs a

very marked cleft, so that it is nearly divided into two

separate halves. ‘Thus the head, when viewed from the

apex, looks much like a flower with eight petals, the small

apical papilla forming the centre.

There is no rostellum, unless it be represented in a rudi-

mentary condition by the apical papilla. There are no

hooks.

The suckers are somewhat oval, measuring 0°32 mm. in an

antero-posterior direction, and 0-25 mm. transversely (out-

side measurements). It is difficult to understand how the

suckers can be used for attachment to the host, unless the

overhanging lappets are capable of being turned aside so as

to allow them free action. From spirit-specimens it is, of

course, impossible to say whether this occurs,

The width of the neck is 0°55 mm, in a specimen mounted

in balsam. It is very short, segmentation beginning almost

immediately behind the suckers. The segments at the

anterior end are very short (about 0°02 mm.), increasing

steadily in length towards the posterior end. ‘lhe greatest

416 Mr. H. A. Baylis on Octopetalum, a

width occurs rather behind the middle of the strobila. The

last four or five segments are from two to three times as long

as broad, the last being the longest and narrowest. In one

specimen the last segment measured 1 mm. broad and

3°5 mm. long.

The hinder border of each segment overlaps the following

segment considerably. ‘lhe genital apertures are irregularly

alternate. They are situated at about the middle of the

lateral border in young and sexually mature segments, but

the aperture becomes shifted relatively backwards to about

the posterior third of a gravid segment, owing to its elongation

in front to make room for the paruterine organ, which will

be described below.

INTERNAL ANATOMY.

Musculature.—Between the subcuticular layer of the body-

wall and the central or medullary portion of the body there

is a very considerable thickness of longitudinal muscle-

bundles, of which the outer rows are the smallest, and the

innermost rows the thickest and strongest. Internal to these

there is a layer of fine transverse fibres, which surround the

medullary parenchyme, in which the genital organs are em-

bedded, and extend round, and slightly beyond, the large

excretory canal and nerve on either side of the body.

Nervous System.—A pair of large lateral nerve-cords is

present as usual ; they are situated close against the excretory

canals, lateral of them, and slightly to the (supposed) dorsal

side.

Excretory System.—Only one pair of longitudinal excretory

canals can be found, and these are of a very remarkable size,

having a diameter nearly equal to the depth of the medullary

region. They are connected at the hinder border of each

preglottis by a transverse vessel. As this connection exists

between the ventral of the two pairs of vessels in the majority

of Cestodes, and as, in the other cases where only one pair

occurs, it is held to be the dorsal pair that has become reduced

to the point of disappearance, it seems legitimate to assume

that in the present case the single pair of large canals repre-

sents the ventral pair (or possibly the dorsal and ventral

pairs, which have coalesced). ‘his enables us to fix upon

an orientation of the animal which will serve for purposes of

description. Assuming that the genital ducts pass to the

dorsal side of the ventral excretory canals, as is usually the

case, we may call that side dorsal, and in that sense the word

will be used throughout the description,

new Genus of Avian Cestodes. 417

Genital Organs.—There is a single set of both male and

female organs in each mature segment.

The testes number 60 or more. ‘They are rounded and

have a diameter of about 0°05mm. They lie closely together

throughout the medullary parenchyma, occupying practically

the whole of the space in all directions which is not taken up

by the ducts and female organs.

The vas deferens is a wide, very closely coiled tube,

running out from near the centre of the segment, over the

longitudinal excretory canal, to enter an elongated cirrus-sac,

which finally opens into the genital atrium. It is a curious

fact that just before entering the cirrus-sac the vas deferens

narrows suddenly to one-tenth of its previous diameter

(0°0025 mm., as compared with 0°025 mm.).

The cirrus-sac is small and somewhat elongated. It is

broadest at its inner end (which measures 0:042 mm. across),

and tapers gradually towards its external opening. The

sac lies just lateral to the longitudinal excretory vessel.

The ovary is acompact organ, more or less oval, but with

a. somewhat irregular outline. It lies towards the hinder

part of the segment, in the ventral region, and is surrounded

in almost all directions by portions of the uterus.

The vagina opens into the genital atrium immediately

behind the cirrus-sac, in the same horizontal plane. From

its opening it runs inwards with a slight backward inclination

at first, then quickly bends so as to run parallel with the

cirrus-sac. On passing internally to the excretory vessel it

begins to widen out gradually, and forms a little bulbous

expansion, after which it again becomes a very narrow duct,

and almost at once runs into an oval receptaculum seminis

at about the level of the innermost coils of the vas deferens.

Between this point and the ovary there is a considerably

coiled oviduct. The vagina is lined thickly, from near its

external opening until it begins to widen, with stout cilia,

of which a peculiar feature is that they appear to be deeply

stained by hematoxylin. They all have their free ends

pointed outwards, towards the external opening of the duct.

The uterus is a large saccular organ lying in the ventral

and posterior portions of the segment, and extending round

and between the other organs wherever it can find room. It

seems at first to be subdivided into a number of more or less

separate lobes or compartments, containing more or fewer

eggs. It is also almost completely divided into two portions

by the vas deferens, which presses it down on to the ventral

side, so that only a narrow uterine space (just wide enough

418 Mr. H. A. Baylis on Octopetalum, a

to contain a single layer of eggs) is left below, connecting

the two wider parts.

In the older proglottides, as the testes and other organs

disappear, the uterus, which now appears to be a single large

sac, takes up a larger proportion of the space, so that even-

tually it occupies the whole of the posterior half, being

bounded laterally and posteriorly by the excretory vessels.

Meanwhile the anterior part of the segment has become

elongated, and a remarkable change has taken place in it.

A “paruterine organ” is developed, extending from the

anterior border of the uterus nearly to the anterior limit of

the segment. It is of a fibrous structure, and seems to be in

direct communication with the uterus behind ; but, curiously

enough, no eggs were observed to have passed into it in any

of the specimens, although this usually happens in forms in

which such an organ is present. The uterus, in the most

advanced segments, was quite full of large ova containing

onchospheres, but the paruterine organ was invariably empty.

This may, perhaps, be accounted tor by supposing that the

still older segments, in which the migration of the eggs had

occurred, had dropped off.

The eggs contained in the uterus in the oldest segments

are invested with three transparent membranous envelopes.

The outer envelope is thin, and measures from 87-5 pw to

100 w in diameter. The middle envelope is thicker (2°5 pu)

and has a diameter of 50 w. The innermost is a very thin

membrane closely surrounding the embryo, which is an

onchosphere, bearing hooks from 17°5 w to 20 pu long.

Nore ON THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF THE GENUS.

In its external appearance, and particularly in the possession

of “ auricular appendages ” of the suckers, this form closely

resembles Tetrabothrius. The following features, however,

show considerable divergence :—

Tetrabothrius.

1. Genital pores unilateral (all

on right side).

2. Yolk-gland ventral and in

front of ovary.

3. Cirrus-sac separated from

genital atrium by narrow muscular

passage (“male cloacal canal,”

Fubhrmann).

4, Vagina ventral to cirrus-

sac, in same vertical plane.

5. No paruterine organ.

[6. Two pairs of longitudinal

excretory canals, |

Octopetalum.

1. Genital pores irregularly alter-

nating.

2. Yolk-gland dorsal to ovary

and in posterior part of segment.

3, Cirrus-sac communicating

directly with genital atrium. No

muscular passage.

4, Vagina posterior to cirrus-sac,

in same horizontal plane.

5, A paruterine organ present.

(6. One pair of longitudinal

excretory canals. |

new Genus of Avian Cestodes. 419

It seems impossible, in face of so many characters which

are usually taken to be of systematic value, actually to assign

this species to Tetrabothrius. But no other genus among the

Cyclophyllidea possesses “auricular appendages,” and this

seems to be a feature which may well indicate close affinity

between the genera.

On the other hand, in the possession of a paruterine organ

Octopetalum approaches more nearly to the Idiogeninz among

the Davaineide, or to the Paruterininz among the Hymeno-

lepidide. Of the former it is worthy of remark that [diogenes

resembles it in having only one recognizable pair of excretory

canals *. But in this subfamily there is an armed rostellum,

and nothing in the shape of auricular appendages. The same

objections apply to the Paruterininze, except that a few genera

(Rthabdometra, Anonchotenia, Metroliasthes) are destitute of

a rostellum.

The absence of one pair of excretory vessels appears to be

a feature of sporadic occurrence among tle Cestodes, and

cannot, perhaps, legitimately be taken as of systematic

importance.

It is clear that the auricular appendages, just as much as

the paruterine organ, or even both, may have been acquired

quite independently of any close phylogenetic relationship,

and it is only asa provisional measure that I propose to base

the systematic position of the species on the former, and not

on the latter.

GENERIC DIAGNOSIS.

OCTOPETALUM, gen. nov.

[Tetrabothriide?.] Scolex unarmed, without rostellum,

but with a slight conical papilla at the apex. Suckers com-

pletely covered by overhanging epaulette-shaped appendages of

their anterior borders, each of these appendages having a marked

median cleft extending for some distance from its free edge.

Neck very short. Segments anteriorly much broader than

long. The posterior segments about three times as long as

broad, the last being the largest and narrowest. A single

pair of lateral excretory vessels present throughout the strobila,

connected in each segment by a transverse vessel. A single

set of reproductive organs in each segment. Genital pores

irregularly alternate. Vagina opens behind cirrus-sac, in the

same horizontal plane. A paruterine organ developed in

* Zschokke, “ Recherches sur la Structure... . des Cestodes,” Mém.

Inst. Nat, Genevois, tom, xvii. (1889) p. 118,

420 Dr. M. Burr—WNotes on the Forficularia.

front of the uterus in gravid segments. Yolk-gland dorsal to

ovary. Eggs with three transparent envelopes.

Species: Octopetalum guttere, sp.n. With the characters

of the genus.

Host: Guttera edouardi, Hartl.

Locality. Port Herald Hills, Nyasaland. .

Type-specimens in the British Museum (Natural History).

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE X VIL.

. Head of Octopetalum guttere, seen as an opaque object.

. Horizontal section of asexually mature segment. C.S., cirrus-sac ;

Ex., excretory vessels; L.M., longitudinal muscles ; Ov., ovary ;

Ovd., oviduct; Te., testes; Ut., portions of uterus; Vag.,

vagina; V.D., vas deferens.

Fig. 3. Transverse section of a sexually mature segment. Ex., excretory

canals; Z.M., longitudinal muscles; NV., nerves; Ov., ovary;

Te., testes; Ut., portions of uterus; V7t., vitelline gland.

Fig.

Puate XVIII.

Fig. 4. Horizontal section through distal end of cirrus-sac and vagina.

C., cirrus; C.S., cirrus-sac; G.4., genital atrium; Vag.,

vagina.

Fig. 5. Horizontal section (somewhat oblique) through the genital ducts.

B., expanded bulb of vagina; /z., excretory vessel; R.S.,

receptaculum seminis; Vag., vagina; V.D., vas deferens.

Fig. 6. View of an entire gravid segment, seen by transparency. B., bulb

of vagina; Zvr., excretory vessels; G.A., genital atrium;

Par., paruterine organ; Ut., uterus; Vug., vagina; V.D., vas

deferens.

LIV.—Wotes on the Forficularia—X XIII. Alore new Species.

By Matcoitm Burr, D.Sc., F.E.S., &e.

Diplatys nana, sp. n.

Statura minore; fulvo-brunnea; frons tumida; pronotum sub-

longius quam latius, postice subangustatum; abdomen fere

parallelum, segmentum ultimum haud inflatum, penultimum

truncatum ; forcipis bracchia ¢ 2 contigua, brevia, recta.

3. o.

Long. corporis ........ 5-6 mm. 5°5-6°5 mm,

pp) MEORCIPIS Yi 268 tee i os, “75 s)

Small; grey and brown, varied with yellowish ; antennz

yellow, 9-10 segments, which seem disproportionately long

Dr. M. Burr—WNotes on the Forficularia. 421

and thick ; head brownish black, the frons tumid, sutures

faint, postocular keels weak ; pronotum posteriorly a little

longer than broad, slightly narrowed posteriorly, almost

parallel-sided ; elytra ample, brown, with an indistinct

yellow discoidal spot ; wings yellowish brown ; legs yellow ;

abdomen nearly parallel-sided, brown; last dorsal segment

not inflated, smooth, slightly more narrowed in ? than in

the g ; penultimate ventral segment of ¢ nearly parallel-

sided, truncate, with rounded corners, the latter protruding

slightly; forceps with branches g contiguous, short,

straight, and simple.

Mapagascar: It d’Ambre, 8 g, 4 ? (c. m.).

These specimens were also in the collection of M. Gadeau

de Kerville. The species may be recognized by the small

size and form of the ninth sternite of the male; the two

sexes are very much alike.

Diplatys hova, sp. n.

Fulva, capito nigro; frons tumida; pronotum longius quam latius,

fere parallelum ; abdomen parallelum; segmentum penultimum

ventrale angulis acute valde productis; forcipis bracchia con-

tigua.

Long. corporis ...... 8-5 mm.

io ROREIDIAN Sao a4 « sz Fe

Size medium or small; head black, frons very tumid,

occiput depressed, the keels very distinct; antennz yellow,

the basal segment unusually long; pronotum decidedly

longer than broad, almost parallel-sided, very slightly nar-

rowed posteriorly ; elytra and wings ample, orange, shaded

with dark brown; legs yellow; abdomen orange, shaded

darker, parallel-sided; last dorsal segment not inflated ;

penultimate ventral segment very broad, parallel-sided,

posterior margin sinuate, the angles produced posteriorly to

protruding points that are distinctly visible from above ;

forceps with the branches subcontiguous, straight, and

simple.

Mapacascar: It d’Ambre, 1 g and one mutilated 9

c. m.).

I oe these specimens in the rich collection of M. Henri

Gadeau de Kerville, which I have recently acquired. It is

an elegant little species, well distinguished by the remarkable

form of the ninth sternite of the male, the protruding angles

of which are easily discernible from above.

Dr. M. Burr—WNotes on the Forficularia.

i Archidux neavei, sp. n.

Statura minore; rufo-niger, capite rufo; elytra abbreviata, cari-

nata; forcipis bracchia ¢ elongata, ante apicem supra dente

longo erecto spiniformi armata.

Long. corporis }..... 10:5 mm.

{5 idorcupis®s 72: 5 Ge

Small; deep reddish black; head deep red ; smooth,

tumid, sutures obsolete ; antenne (?) ; pronotum transverse,

rectangular; elytra abbreviated, exposing mesonotum in

form of a broad scutellum, posteriorly emarginate, the

sutural margin much shorter than costal margin, which is

carinate through entire length; legs brown, the femora

yellowish at the base; abdomen feebly dilated about the

middle, with a minute, nearly obsolete punctulation ; last

dorsal segment transverse, smooth, and strongly sloping;

posterior margin truncate; pygidium short, obtusely

conical; forceps with branches remote, slender, elongate,

parallel, and straight ; just before the apex, on the upper

margin, there is an erect, slender, acute spine.

German East Arrica: Usangu District, 29. xi.-15. xii.

1910, 3500-4500 ft. (S. A. Neave), 1 3.

This specimen, which is in the British Museum, is

apparently allied to Archidux adolfi, Burr ; it differs in the

shorter and broad pronotum, abbreviated elytra, smooth

head, with the sutures indiscernible; the quite straight

parallel forceps, with the long erect slender spine near the

apex are very characteristic.

It is dedicated to Mr. S. A. Neave, who has obtained much

interesting material from Equatorial Africa for the Imperial

Bureau of Entomology.

Dicrana wigginsi, sp. n.

Statura sat magna. Fusco-nigra, fulvo-yariegata; elytra valde

abbreviata, scutellum magnum transversum ; forcipis bracchia ¢

contigua, Vix asymmetrica.

ro! . .

Tiong.corperis).f).. 7). 23-25 mm, 22-24 mm.

5; “aloreipis- Fae 4-5 ,,

Build rather robust; whole body strongly pubescent,

colour greyish blacked, varied with tawny ; head depressed,

tawny, bordered with black ; antennz yellowish ; pronotum

narrower than the head, black, with a large tawny central

spot, and a smaller one at each side and posteriorly ; scutel-

lum broad, tawny ; elytra very short, much reduced at the

Dr. M. Burr—WNotes on the Forficularia. 423

axillary angle, truncate posteriorly, meeting at apex of

suture, hairy, dirty yellow, bordered with black; legs tawny,

banded with blackish ; abdomen black, the first few segments

with tawny mottling ; last tergite smooth, black, ample in 3,

posterior margin irregularly rounded, rectangular at the

sides; in @ punctulate; ninth sternite ample, broadly

rounded posteriorly, with a round emargination in the

middle of the posterior margin; in the ¢ entire, narrowly

rounded ; forceps with the branches stout, trigonal, con-

tiguous and nearly straight in both sexes, crenulate on inner

margin; in ¢ slightly more curved than in the 9.

Ucanpna: Entebbe Forest, June-August 1912, 3 ¢,

1 nymph (Wiggins); Entebbe, May-June, 1912,29 9

(Mrs. Gowdey).

This is the first-known African Pygidicranid with strongly

abbreviated and reduced elytra; in general appearance it

recalls the Indian Kalocrania valida.

I have pleasure in dedicating it to Mr. C. A. Wiggins, of

Entebbe, Uganda, who sent me this new species among some

other interesting material; for the female, as well as for

many other Dermaptera, I am indebted to Mrs. C. C. Gowdey,

of Entebbe.

The parameres resemble those of the other African

Pygidicranine, but are slenderer and very acute; the bifid

transverse lobe is very narrow, and parallel-sided, and

straight.

When the male genitalia have been more carefully studied

in a large number of species, the arrangement of the genera

in this group will probably have to be recast, and possibly

they will eventually fall into geographical groups.

Cranopygia dravidia, sp. n.

F usco-nigra, fulvo-variegata : forcipis bracchia ¢ basi ipso contigua,

tum fortiter arcuata, apice bimucronata, attingentia.

Lotig. corporis. \)...3. 7. 19 mm.

ie LOLGIDIO aoa, os

Small; greyish black, varied with tawny; antenne

greyish, head smooth, black, marbled with tawny ;_pro-

notum as broad as the head, longer than broad, parallel-

sided, posterior border straight, all angles rounded, black,

with a median tawny band and narrow tawny edging;

scutellum tawny; elytra black, with a broad, oblique, pale

tawny band; legs tawny, marbled with black; abdomen

greyish and black, densely clothed with a golden pubescence ;

AQ4 Dr. M. Burr—Wotes on the Forficularia.

last tergite ample, smooth; ninth sternite ¢ broadly

rounded, entire ; forceps stout and depressed, trigonal, stout

and broad at the base, and subcontiguous at the base itself,

arcuate to enclose a lozenge-shaped area, the points meeting

and bimucronate ; iuner margin crenulate near the base.

S. Ivp1a: Madura District ; Shembaganur, 1 ¢ (Father

SA struc. (Comic): |

The forceps readily distinguish this species from other

Oriental species; in appearance it recalls the African

D. frontalis and D. separata.

Cranopygia philippinica, sp. n.

Statura minore; colore fulvo, fusco-notato; segmentum ultimum

dorsale ¢ integrum; forcipis bracchia ¢ contigua, recta, intus

crenulata.

Long. corporis ...... 15 mm, 16mm.

F, -/f0rdipis fe... 2 3S Sat

Relatively small; general colour buff, with dark brown

markings; antenne buff; head red-brown, with a black

transverse frontal band throwing off three short lines

posteriorly ; occiput with five short longitudinal black

stripes ; pronotum suboval, rather longer than broad, almost

as broad as the head, buff, with a pair of irregular black

lines ; scutellum small, buff; elytra dark brown, with a

large discoidal long buff spot, and a narrow costal buff band ;

wings prominent, buff, banded with dark brown exteriorly ;

legs buff, with short dark brown lines ; abdomen light red-

brown, entirely covered with dense pale pubescence, gently

dilated apically in the ¢ ; last dorsal segment ¢ 9? sub-

quadrate, broader than the abdomen ; penultimate ventral

segment ¢ 2 narrowly rounded; forceps with branches

depressed, red-brown, stout, contiguous, and straight in both

sexes, crenate at the base.

PuitiePine Istanps: Mindoro, La Butas, 28th February,

1911 ; and Laguna de Nauzan, November 1909 (¢ & 2,

Mounsey, ec. m.). Type inc. m.

This elegant little species is smaller and quite differently

coloured from the two Singalese species.

The pattern is the same in detail in both the specimens,

and probably relatively constant.

Euborellia sisera, sp. n.

Caput rufum, occiput profunde excavernato ; pronotum rufum, sub-

quadratum ; elytra ad suturam attingentia, scutello brevi et

Dr. M. Burr— Notes on the Forficularia. 425

lato; pedes fulvi; abdomen ¢ segmentis lateribus 6-9 carinu-

latis, acuminatis ac rugulosis; segmentum penultimum ventrale

S rotundatum; forcipis bracchia g subremota, triquetra,

irregulariter arcuata et asymmetrica,

Long. corporis ..... . 18-20 mm.

95 LOXGMDIET Ecc ae - 3

Antenne red-brown, with 18 segments, the three basal

segments yellow and some paler before the apex; third

cylindrical and elongate, fourth half, the fifth nearly as long

as third, all subcylindrical. Head deep red or reddish

black, smooth and tumid, the suture faint ; the middle of

the occipital region occupied from the base of the head to

the transverse suture by a deep, regular, longitudinal cavity.

Pronotum subrectangular, slightly concealed by the rudi-

mentary elytra, which meet for the greater part of the

sutural length, exposing only a very short scutellum, which

is almost as broad as the mesonotum. Metanotum larval.

Prosternum elongate and parallel-sided, constricted before

the base ; mesonotum rounded and metanotum truncate

posteriorly ; all sternum yellow. Legs orange-yellow ;

tarsi long, the first and third segments about equal, the

second minute. Abdomen black, very finely punctulate ;

sides of sixth to ninth segments in the ¢ acuminate, finely

keeled, and rugulose. Last dorsal segment ¢g ample,

smooth, transverse, with a median sulculus, truncate poste-

riorly, with a rugulose keel down each side; penultimate

ventral segment ¢ rounded. Forceps with the branches ¢

not contiguous, trigonal, and tapering, rather elongate aud

irregularly arcuate, asymmetrical.

S. Inpra: Anamalai Mountains, 4000-4200 ft., 22-23

January, 1912, under dead logs, 2 ¢ (T. B. Fletcher).

Type in c. m,

I am indebted to Mr. T. Bainbridge-Fletcher for this

peculiar species; it is chiefly remarkable for the curious

cavity in the top of the head; at first I took this to be a

pathological feature, but it is identical in both the male

specimens available; under the lens it has every appearance

of being structural. It would be most interesting to investi-

gate its functions ; possibly it is a scent-gland.

In all other respects it appears to be a typical EHudoreliia ;

the structure of the elytra is as in EZ. greeni, but the forceps

are quite distinctive. It most nearly approaches the large

black variety of EH. greenit recorded by me from Ceylon,

which is very probably a good species.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 29

426 Dr. M. Burr—WNotes on the Forficularia.

Idolopsalis andeana, sp. n.

Statura majore; corpus leve; abdomen J lateribus segmentis 5-7

acutis, carinulatis ac striolatis ; pygidium ¢ prominens; forcipis

bracchia ¢ remota, valida, intus dentata, arcuata.

Long. corporis ...... 19 mm. 19 mm.

a Fy ROLEIPISN ce wee DD os 3

Large, deep chocolate-brown ; antenne with 14 segments,

tawny, fourth nearly globular, the rest gradually length-

ening, passing from ovate to cylindrical; head tumid, the

sutures distinct; pronotum broader than the head, trans-

verse, slightly widened posteriorly, smooth; meso- and

metanota smooth; sternum yellow-brown, the plates rather

short and broad; legs yellow-brown, tarsi strongly pubes-

cent beneath ; abdomen almost smooth, with nearly obsolete

very fine punctulations ; sides of fifth to seventh segments

in the g acute and striolate, of eighth and ninth segments

convex but not acute, and striolate; last tergite ¢ ample,

smooth, transverse, with a strong transverse depression near

the posterior margin, which is truncate ; ninth sternite ¢

broadly rounded ; in 9 sides of abdomen simple, last tergite

narrowed aud simple, last sternite rounded ; pygidium ¢ a

prominent, compressed, blunt tubercle; forceps with branches

dg remote at base, stout, rather depressed in basal half, with

a strong blunt tooth at end of basal third, then attenuate

and strongly arcuate; in 2 contiguous, straight.

Ecuvapor: Cayambe, 12,000-14,000 ft., g and 2 (dd.

Whymper, in c. m.).

This fine species is very similar to I. riveti, but the body

is much smoother, the armature of the sides of the abdomen

in the male much stronger. It is the largest known species

of the genus, and the only one in which the pygidium is at

all prominent.

Idolopsalis whymperi, sp. n.

Statura minore; nigro-brunnea ; abdomen punctulatum, segmentis

5-9 ¢ lateribus acuminatis, striolatis, carinatis ; forcipis bracchia

¢ remota, basi triquetra, inermis, arcuata.

ey :

Long. corporis ......6. 9-12 mm. 11-12 mm.

Jed) MoreipisvE LE? ths 1-5-2 4, 152

Small, deep chocolate-brown ; antenne with 15 segments,

Dr. M. Burr—Notes on the Forficularia. 427

1 and 2 yellow, rest greyish brown, fourth ovate, rest passing

to cylindrical; head smooth and tumid, sutures not very

distinct ; pronotum broader than the head, depressed, trans-

verse, slightly widened posteriorly; meso- and metanota

smooth ; sternum yellow, the plates broad ; legs yellowish,

tarsi long, first three segments about equal ; abdomen punc-

tulate, sides of segments 5-9 in ¢ strongly carinate and

acute, striolate aud rugulose, in 2 simple; last tergite g

ample, transverse, smooth, with a strong transverse depres-

sion near posterior margin, which is truncate ; the depression

ending at each side in a blunt incipient compressed tubercle ;

with distinct impressed median line in both sexes; in ?

simple, narrow ; last sternite ¢ broadly,in 2 more narrowly

rounded ; pygidium ¢ a small blunt compressed tubercle,

in ¢ similar but smaller, more hidden by the forceps ;

forceps with branches in ¢ remote, trigonal and stout at

base, unarmed, and strongly arcuate, in the 2 contiguous,

simple ; apical segment of parameres lanceolate.

Ecuapor: Antisanilla to Pinambura, 11,000 ft., 1 ¢

(type), 1 9; La Dormida, 11,800 ft., 1 ¢; Pichincha,

12,000 ft., 2 6 3; Valley of Collanes, 12,500 ft.,1 92.

Il am very happy to dedicate this species to that intrepid

mountaineer the late Mr. Edward Whymper, who brought

home from the Andes several interesting Dermaptera which

are now in my collection.

I. whymperi rather resembles the Mexican J. azteca; it is

distinguished by the very characteristic armature of the sides

of the abdomen in the male.

One specimen—the male from La Dormida—presents a

dimorphic form of the forceps; these are depressed and

broad and straight, attenuate and arcuate only at the apex ;

the armature of the sides of the abdomen is also rather weak.

Nesogaster mounseyi, sp. n.

Fusco-castanea, nitida; pygidium ¢ parallelum, apice truncatum ;

forcipis bracchia ¢ remota, elongata, fere recta, basi intus crenu-

lata, medio dente debili armata.

Long. corporis ...s'6..+.:% . 8&dmm,

ox. LOKCIPIS 5%. et ke Oi ol ace

Smooth, shining, dark chestnut. Antenne with 12-13

brown ovate segments, the fourth about half as long as the

third. Head smooth, tumid, sutures obsolete. Pronotum

yellowish brown, square. LElytra yellowish brown. Legs

428 Ona new Species of Beamys from Nyasaland.

yellowish brown, paler towards the apex. Abdomen long,

parallel-sided, quite smooth. Last dorsal segment smooth,

transversely rectangular. Pygidium parallel-sided, apically

truncate, prominent. Branches of forceps elongate, remote,

nearly straight ; gently laminate on inner margin at the

base, and crenulate there; with a weak tooth about the

middle.

Paiurppine Istanps: Mindanao, Todaya District, Sept.,

Oct., 1910, 1 3, c. m. (Mounsey).

Characterized by the truncate pygidium.

LV.—On a new Species of the rare Genus Beamys from

Nyasaland. By Guy DOLLMAN.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Beamys major, sp. n.

Allied to Beamys hindet, Thos., but distinguished by its

larger size.

General dimensions considerably greater than in the British

East-African species, the hind foot measuring 25 mm. in

length.

Colour of fur exactly as in Ainde?.

Skull very much larger and heavier, with larger teeth and

broader brain-case.

Dimensions of the type (taken from dried skin) :—

Head and body 160 mm. ; tail 182; hind foot 25 ; ear 16.

Skull: greatest length 36°8 ; condylo-incisive length 35;

length of nasals 13°5 ; zygomatic breadth 17°8; interorbital

constriction 5*7 ; width of brain-case 14; palatilar length 17-7;

length of upper molar series 59.

Hab. Mianje, Nyasaland.

Type. B.M. no. 14. 10. 22. 2. Collected by Mr. Browne.

This Nyasaland Beamys is at once distinguished from the

Kast-African species by its far greater size.

414,

THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[EIGHTH SERIES.)

No. 84. DECEMBER 1914,

LVI.—Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.—X1V.

By Rowranp E. Turner, F.Z.S., F.E.S.

On the Mutillide of Western Australia and Tasmania.

In these notes on Mutillidee I have confined myself to the

female sex, by which the species must mainly be distinguished

in the future. Much confusion is likely to be caused by

descriptions of the males before long series are available,

the differences between many of the species in the male sex

being exceedingly obscure. Although colour-differences are

of some importance in the more highly coloured metallic

species of N.E. Australia, the males of the West-Australian

species can seldom be divided on colour-lines, most being

black with more or less white pubescence. Four or five

species can be easily distinguished amongst the males

collected by me at Yallingup, W.A. ; but, seeing that I took

over twenty species of females, it 1s likely that more species

are represented among the males.

Key to the West- Australian and Tasmanian Species of

Kphutomorpha,

1. With a stout spine or tubercle on each side

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 30

430 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

collections under B. coriarius. After carefully studying his

description of his new species I am convinced the above

specimens are identical with his species macrostylus and that

they do not belong to the genus Blepharotes, though it is

very unlike Loew to have overlooked the following characters

which preclude it from belonging to Blepharotes, viz.: ovi-

positor of female, which is long and compressed at sides ;

short style of antenne and short third joint, the absence of

thick tuft-like hairs at sides of abdomen, and the very much

slighter build of legs; these last three characters were

noticed by Loew in his description, but of the ovipositor he

makes uo mention. The neuration of wings is very similar.

Small males of Blepharotes flava have a slight general

resemblance to this species, but the thick tuft-like hairs at

sides of abdomen will at once distinguish them.

This is a large species: abdomen fulvous with reddish-

yellow pubescence and black apex; thorax blackish; wings

large, hyaline. Legs wholly black.

Length 27-35 mm.

Male.—Face blackish, covered with yellowish tomentum ;

the tubercle large, occupying the lower part of face, bearing

the moustache composed of long white hairs. Palpi black,

with black hairs. Antenne black, the third joint with a long

terminal bristle; the first two joints short, the first the

longest, both with black hairs; the third conical, with a

rather long tapering point, the joint a little longer than the

first two joints together, the bristle nearly as long as the

joint. Forehead brownish black, with white pubescence,

white hairs on hind part of head, a few black hairs at vertex.

Thorax brownish black, with black pubescence and two long

bristles before the suture, two beyond, and several on

posterior part of thorax ; sides and breast with white pubes-

ceuce. Scutellum same colour, with three stout bristles on

posterior border. Abdomen flat, rather broad compared with

Asilus species, at its widest about 5 mm., becoming narrower

at apex ; the first segment black with black pubescence, the

others bright reddish yellow with fulvous pubescence; sides

with fairly long, fine, yellowish-white hairs, thickest on the

second segment, not disposed as tufts; posterior border of

last segment and the genital organs black, the latter large

and prominent with black pubescence; underside black,

bare, with black hairsatsides. Legs blackish, all the femora

armed with black bristles ; coxe with long white hairs,

pubescence elsewhere and all bristles black. Wings hyaline,

the posterior branch of fork strongly curved; the second

posterior cell broad at base, bulging into the first, the third

the Asilidee of Australasia. 431

wide, the fourth closed, the anal cell closed some way from

the border ; the small transverse veiu is situated about the

middle of the discal cell; veins black at base and on fore

border, then reddish. Halteres black.

Female identical. Ovipositor blackish, long, including the

sixth and seventh segments, compressed at sides.

Neorramus, Osten-Sacken.

Cat. Dipt. N. Amer. ed. 2, pp. 82 & 235 (1878)

Itamus, Loew, Linn. Ent. iv, p. 84 (1849), preeoce. Schmidt, Goeb.

Coll., 1846,

The following species are recorded from Australia,

Tasmania, and New Zealand :—

Neoitamus varius, Walker, List Dipt. ii. p. 457 (1849), et pt. vii. Suppl. 3,

p- 742 [Asilus} (1835); Hutton, Trans. New Z. Inst. xxxiii.

p. 22 [Itamus] (1901).—Astlus fraternus (? females only), Macq.,

Dipt. Exot. Suppl. i. p. 219 (1844); v. d. Wulp, Sumatra Exp.

Dipt. p. 25 [Itamus] (1881). Astlus bulbus, Walker, var. B, List

Dipt. pt. ii. p. 466 (1849). Ltamus melanopogon, Schiner, ‘ Novara’

Reise, Dipt. p. 190 (1868).

Neoitamus mistipes, Macq., Dipt. Exot. Suppl. iv. p. 398, pl. ix. fig. 3

[ Astdus] (1849).

Neoitamus bulbus, Walker, List Dipt. ii. p. 465 [Astlus] (1849), et vii.

Suppl. 3, p. 743 [ Asilus] (1855).—Itamus inquisitor, Nowicki, Mem.

d. Krakauer k.-k. Akad. d. Wiss. ii. p. 21 [Ztamus] (1875), et Beitr.

z. Kentniss d. Dipt. Fauna Neu Seelands, 21 [ Z¢amus} (1875).

Neoitamus planiceps, Schiner, ‘Novara’ Reise, Dipt. p. 189 [{tamus}

(1868).

Neoitamus hyalipennis, sp. n.

The synonymy of these species here given differs con-

siderably from that given by Kertesz in his Cat. Dipt., but

I believe, from the examination of Walker’s types, this will

prove correct. ‘

Asilus sydneyensia does not belong to this genus,

Nevitamus varius, Walker.

Asilus fraternus, Macq. (females only).

Asilus bulbus, Walker, var. B.

Itamus melanopogon, Schiner,

Macquart’s type (male) and his original series of specimens

of females seen in Paris Museum, 12. 4. 11, from ‘Tasmania.

The females were identical in all respects with a specimen of

Walker’s Asilus varius which I took for comparison ; the male

and another male specimen were identical, with the exception

of the genitalia, which were not so swollen and large, but

more long oval, and the white hairs on abdomen were not

30*

432 Mr, R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

26. Second dorsal segment bright blue, no spot

of pubescence on segments 3-5 ...... E. eneifrons, André.

Second dorsal segment bronze, a spot of

white pubescence on each of the three

following segments ..-. iF. ae5 <2 ccs E. hirtelia, Turn.

27. Almost wholly luteous brown, entirely

covered with pale golden pubescence.. 28.

Not wholly or mostly brown, or not

covered with golden pubescence...... 29.

28, Abdomen subpetiolate; front not pro-

duced between the antenne.......... E. lutaria, Sm. {

Abdomen sessile ; front bluntly produced

between the antenne .............. E. auropilosa, Sm.

29. First dorsal segment strongly depressed,

flattened at the base, and forming a

short petiole; mostly ferruginous, head

and apical segments of abdomen black,

with spots of pale golden pubescence... £. notabilis, Sm.

First dorsal segment without a flattened

petiole; colour not mostly ferruginous. 30.

30. Second dorsal segment almost wholly ful-

vous or ferruginous, or with a large

fulvous spot on each side............ ol.

Second dorsal segment without conspicuous }

fulvous or ferruginous markings...... DD.

31. Second dorsal segment almost wholly ful- ?

WOUS OF TOFFUPTHOUS — ei. k's pe ee ee 32. Pk

Second dorsal segment with a large ful-

yous spot on each side ............-- E. venusta, Sm.

32. Thorax longer than broad, black; second

dorsal segment as broad as long ...... E. instabilis, Sm.

Thorax as broad as long, ferruginous;

second dorsal segment much longer

than broad <= 2 Won -% Lt pe be oe ee es E. fulvodorsalis, Turn.

33. Second dorsal segment coarsely longitu-

dinally rugose-striate ..........+-.. 34,

Second dorsal segment not coarsely rugose-

SUTINGE Welcome eC Sein eee ce see eer 38.

34. Head nearly as broad as the thorax ; apical

band of pubescence on second dorsal

segment continuous, no basal spots.... F. scabrosa, Sm.

Head much narrower than the thorax;

apical band of pubescence on second

dorsal segment broadly interrupted ;

two spots of pubescence at the base .. £. scabrosiformis, Turn.

35. Abdomen with marks of golden pubes-

CEHCE Sy. enh SE TIT IST IAS TS 36.

Abdomen with marks of white pubes-

COnCe Jee nee pee eee Tee Son nae eee 38.

36. Thorax’as broatiais long 477 oe. <= cree 37.

Thorax longer than broad ............ E. maculata, Sm.

37. Head and thorax ferruginous .......... E. bipartita, Sm.

Head and thoraxblack i: 22: * 520.2... .6 £. scandens, Turn.

38. Second dorsal segment with a median

longitudinal band or elongate spot of

white pubescence

39.

40.

41.

42.

45.

44.

47.

48.

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

Second dorsal segment without a median

band oF Spot gauss’ ciel aelnaeae Gass

The band of pubescence starting from the

base and broadly interrupted before the

apex, leaving a spot only in the middle

of the salon ale kos Weg Od emote agen

The band of pubescence starting from the

apex and not reaching the base ......

Second dorsal segment with an elongate

spot on each side and a transverse spot

on each side at the apical margin of

white pubescence; head black........

Second dorsal segment without lateral

spots on the sides or apex ; head ferru-

ROWE Paine cas 3 wa: Taken nla eae eat ae

Head finely and closely punctured ; ante-

rior angles of thorax not rounded

Head coarsely punctured ; anterior angles

of thorax rounded, .).+< 52-5. «ase «;

Second dorsal seement ‘with a spot “of

white pubescence on each side and a

spot or band at the apex ............

Second dorsal segment without spots on

the sides, with median or apical spot

or both, or with an apical band ......

Second dorsal segment with a round spot

of white pubescence in the middle of

the apical margin ; hind tibiz strongly

SPINOR a fie aucun dt ialece aoe chs

Second dorsal segment with an ‘apical

band of white ‘pubescence ; hind tibize

WIE fOW' SPINCS'. 2) 52 os ate ke ws ae

Thorax scarcely longer than broad......

Thorax longer by at least one-third than

Briees.. 95 ds SS. /2 25 44 cols We bee

. Head black; the apical band of pubes-

cence not "extending beyond the lateral

BPOUS EE sardtel erates ho clgfeis/ 2 0. sle!= a) a ater dele

Head pale ferruginous, the apical band

extending over the whole margin ....

. With a spot of white pubescence i in the

middle and at the apex of the second

dorsal segment, and a spot at the apex

of the first segment ; thorax elongate-

PREMORSS . ei sis vires ends eee

Second dorsal segment without a median

spot, thorax not elongate, only a little

longer than broad ............ Oe TET

Second dorsal segment with a transverse

zpical spot of whitish pubescence ; seg-

ments 5-5 also with median spots . .

Second dorsal segment with a narrow

apical band of white pubescence ; third

or fifth segment also with an apical

bands 3 seus 2% [Rebeka ¥42:

Head and thorax coarsely rugose-reticu-

late: thors® black oc uustdecde 224 2

42,

40,

41.

E. trilineata, Turn.

E. albolineata, Sin.

E. volubilis, Turn.

E. comes, Turn.

45.

46.

44.

45,

E. quadrata, Sm.

E. pacificatriz, Sm.

E. excerpta, Turn.

433

E. subcristata, Turn.

E. modesta, Sm.

47.

48.

49.

EB. hospes, Sin.

454 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fusserial Hymenoptera.

Head and thorax punctured; thorax

ferrupinous. tek ses oe ee oes .-.. £. cordata, Sm.

49, Third dorsal segment with a white apical

band, no band on the fifth; second

segment at least as long as broad .... LE. eordatiformis, Turn.

Fifth dorsal segment with a white apical

band, no band on third segment;

second segment broader than long.... 50.

50. Thorax anteriorly longitudinally striate ;

antenne and legsblack ............ E. strigosa, Sm.

Thorax anteriorly coarsely rugose, an-

tennz and legs ferruginous .......... E. dorsigera, Westw.

The Tasmanian species are the following :—

E.. blanda, Erichs. E. amenula, Turn, E. subcristata, Turn.

E. porrecticeps, ‘Tarn. E. postica, Turn, E. cordatiformis, Turn.

LE. soluta, Erichs. E. notabilis, Sm. E. dorsigera, Westw.

E. blanda also occurs in Western Australia. I have not

been able to include the Tasmanian species FE. lateralis,

Westw., in the key, not having seen a specimen.

Ephutomorpha porrecticeps, sp. n.

Q. Nigra; mandibulis, clypeo, antennis pedibusque ferrugineis ;

segmento dorsali secundo nigro-cerulescenti; primo secundoque

margine apicali testaceis, albo-pilosis ; clypeo porrecto, apice acute

bidentato ; capite magno, subrectangulari.

Long. 8-9 mm.

2. Mandibles simple, not bidentate ; clypeus strongly

porrect, produced at the apex into two strong teeth ; second

joint of the flagellum more than half as long again as the

third. Antennal tubercles small but distinct, a sinuate

carina running from them towards the eyes. Head very

large, much broader than long, subrectangular, slightly

narrowed posteriorly, very closely, but not coarsely,

punctured, ‘Thorax not more than half as broad as the

head, half as long again as the greatest breadth, rounded

anteriorly, sinuate and distinetly narrowed before the base

of the median segment, punctured-rugose on the mesonotum,

coarsely reticulate on the median segment, the posterior

truncation oblique and smooth. Abdomen sessile, a short

spine on each side at the base of the first segment beneath ;

second dorsal segment finely punctured, the punctures more

or less confluent longitudinally; pygidial area almost smooth,

with a few almost obsolete strie at the base. Intermediate

and hind tibiz with a few delicate spines on the outer side.

Hab, Eaglehawk Neck, S.E. Tasmania; February. Ade-

laide, S. Australia.

lta

Mr. R. KE. Turner on Fussorial Lymenoptera. 435

The structure of the clypeus is very distinct from any

other species. In some points this approaches EL. blanda,

Erichs,

Ephutomorpha latidentata, sp. un.

Q. Nigra; mandibulis, clypeo, antennis, vertice, thorace supra,

segmento dorsali secundo macula magna laterali utrinque, tro-

chanteribus, tibiis basi, tarsisque ferrugineis ; segmento dorsali

primo apice late testaceo, argenteo-piloso; secundo apice macula

magna bilobata, tertio, quarto quintoque fascia transversa

argeuteo-pilosis ; capite late rectangulari, fronte inter antennas

porrecta, lamellata, apice bidentata, thorace angulis posticis

bidenticulato.

Long. 7-9 mm.

?. Head very large, rectangular, fully half as broad again

as long, much broader than the thorax, closely punctured,

the punctures more or less confluent longitudinally, the

frout produced between the antenne into a broad lamella,

bilobed or broadly bidentate at the apex, an oblique carina

running from the eye to the base of the antenne. Man-

dibles with a small but distinct tooth on the inner margin

near the apex; second joint of the flagellum twice as long

as the third. Thorax coarsely punctured, median segment

coarsely reticulate, pleurze smooth ; the thorax and median

segment combined nearly twice as long as their greatest

breadth, rounded anteriorly, the prothoracic tubercles

marked by a minute tooth, narrowed posteriorly and

obliquely truncate, a small tooth at each angle above the

truncation. Abdomen sessile, the first segment with a

tooth on each side at the base beneath; second dorsal

segment very closely and finely punctured. Pygidial area

distinct, smooth and shining. Intermediate and hind tibize

with three or four delicate spines on the outer side.

Hab. Yallingup, S.W. Australia; October and November.

This species seems to be the western representative of

E. sanguiniceps, André, from which it differs in the presence

of a tooth on the inner margin of the mandibles, the coarser

sculpture of the head, the much more strongly produced

froutal lamella, and the broader second abdominal segment.

The colour is also different, but E. sanguiniceps differs much

in colour in different localities. In the present species the

head is often black, without any red on the vertex. The

frontal lamella is somewhat similar to that of sculifrons,

André, but in that species the head is small and much

narrower than the thorax.

436 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

Ephutomorpha macracantha, sp. n.

apicali utrinque, tertioque linea basali utrinque argenteo-pilosis ;

secundo macula magna elongata utrinque, quarto quintoque

macula magna mediana griseo-pilosis; capite magno, sub-

rectangulari, fronte inter antennas producta, bidentata; thorace

spina parva laterali utrinque ante medium; area pygidiali

longitudmaliter striata.

Long. 11-14 mm.

2. Mandibles very strongly bidentate at the apex ; second

jomt of the flagellum nearly twice as long as the third.

Head very large, subrectangular, slightly narrowed poste-

teriorly, coarsely punctured ; a carina from the eyes, which

is produced above the base of the scape, forming a porrect

tubercle on each side between the antenne. Thorax and

median segment coarsely reticulate, a little longer than the

greatest breadth, a spine on each side before the middle,

rather abruptly narrowed behind the spine, the anterior

angles not strongly rounded, the anterior margin about half

as wide again as the posterior, the truncation of the median

segment almost vertical. Abdomen sessile, the second

segment much broader than long, closely and finely punc-

tured-rugose. Pygidial area longitudinally striated, smooth

at the apex. Intermediate and hind tibiz strongly spinose.

There is a spine on each side at the base of the first

abdominal segment beneath.

Hab, Yallingup, 8.W. Australia ; October to December.

This is another species of the sanguiniceps-group, and

approaches that species very closely in the structure of the

head. The differences are marked in the stronger sculpture,

the bidentate mandibles, the shape of the thorax, with the

small lateral spines and without the small spines at the

apical angles, in the striate pygidium, the spinose tibiz, the

form of the patches of pubescence, and the colouring. The

relationship to sanguiniceps is more remote than that of

latidentata.

Ephutomorpha blanda, Ericks.

Mutilla blanda, Erichs. Arch. f. Naturges. p. 262 (1842). ?.

Mutilla concinna, Westw. Arean. Ent. ii. p. 19 (1844). 2.

I cannot find any structural difference between these

forms, and therefore look upon them as mere colour-varieties

of one species, blanda occurring more commonly in the

south of Tasmania and concinna in the north. ‘The species

;

Mr. R. KE. Turner on Fossortal Hymenoptera. 437

also occurs on the mainland, and is apparently widely dis-

tributed over the southern coast-districts of Australia. I

took a single specimen at Yallingup in September.

Ephutomorpha germana, sp. n.

mediana, thorace supra, coxis, trochanteribus tibiisque basi

ferrugineis; segmento dorsali primo fascia lata apicali, secundo

macula bilobata apicali, tertio, quarto quintoque macula trans-

versa testaceis, albo-pilosis; tarsis anticis testaceis.

Long. 4-5 mm.

@. Mandibles with a small, feebly developed tooth on

the inner margin before the apex; second joint of the

flagellum a little shorter than the first and third combined.

Head large and short, subrectangular, broadly rounded at

the posterior angles, finely and closely punctured, the eyes

separated from the posterior margin of the head by a

distance considerably less than their own diameter, no

carina betwecn the eyes and the antennal tubercles. Thorax

Jonger than the greatest breadth, strongiy narrowed behind

the middle, the anterior angles rounded, closely punctured,

coarsely reticulate on the median segment. Abdomen sub-

sessile, the first dorsal segment not constricted, not sunk

below the level of the second, with a very short spine on each

side at the base beneath ; second segment as long as the

greatest breadth, finely and very closely punctured, the

punctures more or less confluent longitudinally. Pygidial

area much longer than broad, very finely and indistinctly

striate longitudinally. Hind tibiz with four distinct spines

on the outer side. Calcaria pale testaceous.

Hab. Yallingup, 8.W. Australia ; November.

This is very near //. rectanguliceps, Audré, aud is doubtless

the western form of that species. ‘The most important

differences are the smaller and less massive head, the

rounding of the posterior angles of the head and of the

anterior angles of the thorax, and the shorter distance

between the eyes and the posterior margin of the head in

the present specics. In both species the colour of the head

varies between black and red.

It is quite probable that intermediate forms may be dis-

covered, which will show the distinctions pointed out to be of

subspecific importance only; but, as they are structural and

constant, it is better to treat them as of specific value at

present. The type of rectanguliceys was taken near M ackay,

Queensland ; specimens from Townsville differ in having the

438 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

abdomen, with the exception of the middle of the second

dorsal segment, testaceous brown.

Ephutomorpha ceruleiceps, sp. n.

2. Nigra; capite ceruleo, antennis mandibulisque nigris ; thorace

elongato, supra ferrugineo, pleuris antice ferrugineis ; segmento

dorsali primo apice testaceo ; secundo elongato; macula magna

elongata utrinque, segmentoque ventrali secundo omnino fulvo-

ferrugineis ; segmentis dorsalibus 2-5 macula apicali albo-pilosa ;

pedibus nigro-ceruleis, tarsis apice ferrugineis.

Long. 8°5 mm.

?. Head rather small, no broader than the thorax ;

closely and not very finely punctured, slightly narrowed

behind the eyes and strongly rounded at the posterior angles,

eyes very prominent, a carina running from below the eye

to the antennal tubercle, second joint of the flagellum fully

twice as long as the third ; mandibles falcate, not bidentate.

Thorax about half as long again as the greatest breadth,

strongly narrowed beyond the middle, the auterior angles

slightly rounded, about half as broad again anteriorly as

posteriorly, coarsely punctured-rugose ; the posterior slope

oblique, the surface coarsely reticulate. First abdominal

segment very short, depressed below the second, with a spine

on each side at the base beneath, not constricted at the apex ;

second dorsal segment strongly and closely punctured, much

longer than the greatest breadth ; sides of the apical seg-

ments clothed with long black hairs. Hind tibiz with one

or two delicate spines on the outer side near the apex.

Hab. Kalamunda, S.W. Australia ; March.

The pygidium is hidden in the type. The colour of the

thorax and abdomen resembles that of H. venusta, Sm., but

the thorax and second abdominal segment are much longer

and narrower in the present species. In general form it

approaches #, rubromaculata, André, but, in addition to the

strong difference in colour, the sculpture is much coarser

and the second joint of the flagellum distinctly longer than

in that species.

Ephutomorpha picturata, sp. n.

2. Violacea ; capite ceruleo; mandibulis antennisque nigris ;

thorace rufo-ferrugineo, tarsis ferrugineis ; segmentis dorsalibus

secundo, tertio, quarto quintoque macula parva apicali albo-pilosa.

Long. 8 mm.

?. Second joint of the flagellum distinctly longer than

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 489

the third; head about as broad as the thorax, rounded feebly

at the posterior angles, the eyes further from the mandibles

than from the posterior margin of the head, a strong curved

carina from below the eyes to the antennal tubercles, the

whole head closely punctured-rugose. Thorax fully half as

long again as the greatest breadth, the anterior margin

straight, the sides slightly convex, narrowed behind the

middle, coarsely reticulate, the pleurz finely punctured, the

sides and apex of the median segment coarsely reticulate.

Abdomen subpetiolate ; the first segment short, distinctly

constricted at the apex; second segment about half as long

again as the greatest breadth, the sides moderately convex,

closely and rather strongly, but shallowly, punctured-

rugulose. Pygidial area shining, sparsely punctured, slightly

convex. Hind tibiz with one spine on the outer side

situated rather nearer to the apex than to the base.

Hab, Yallingup, S.W. Australia; January.

This species seems to be more nearly allied to rubro-

maculata, Audré, than to any other, though the colouring

and sculpture are very different. The same differences

separate it from ceruéeiceps described above.

Eptutomorpha eneidorsis, sp. a.

Q. Viridi-snea ; thorace rufo-ferrugineo, mandibulis, flagello pedi-

busque ferrugineis ; femoribus eneis; segmento dorsali secundo

apice albo-ciliato, cilia in medio interrupta.

Long. 6 mm.

?. Second joint of the flagellum scarcely as long as the

third ; eyes couvex, situated nearer to the posterior margin

of the head than to the base of the mandibles, a low curved

carina running from below the eyes to the antennal tubercles ;

mandibles small, with a very feeble tooth on the inner

margin near the apex. Head about as broad as the thorax,

very feebly rounded at the posterior angles, closely and

rather deeply punctured. Thorax fully half as long again

as the greatest breadth, the sides slightly convex, strongly

narrowed behind the middle, rather coarsely reticulate,

pleurz sparsely punctured, sides and apex of the median

segment reticulate. Abdomen subpetiolate; the first seg-

ment short, distinctly constricted at the apex; second

segment about half as long again as the greatest breadth,

the sides slightly convex, rather finely and not very closely

punctured ; pygidial area shining, with a few scattered

puuctures. Hind tibiz with one spine on the outer side

nearer to the apex than to the base.

440 Mr. R. E. Turner on FPossorial Hymenoptera.

Hab. Yallingup, 8.W. Australia ; January.

This is very near picturata described above, but the

sculpture is finer throughout, especially on the second dorsal

segment, the second joint of the flagellum is shorter, the

thorax rather more strongly narrowed posteriorly, and the

colour and spots of pubescence different.

Ephutomorpha hirtella, sp. n.

Q. Viridi-enea ; mandibulis antennisque fuscis ; thorace brunneo-

ferrugineo, pedibus testaceo-ferrugineis, femoribus nigris ; seg-

mentis dorsalibus 2-5 macula apicali albo-pilosa ; secundo macula

elongata utrinque sparse albo-pilosa.

Long. 5 mm,

@. Second joint of the flagellum distinctly shorter than

the third. Head strongly rounded behind the eyes, closely

but rather finely punctured, a strong carina running from

the eyes to the antennal tubercles, the whole head clothed

with short fulvous pubescence, a spot of closer white

pubescence on each side on the vertex. Thorax scarcely

as broad as the head, less than half as long again as broad,

the sides almost parallel, slightly narrowed behind the middle,

closely but not coarsely punctured ; the median segment

reticulate and distinctly margined laterally, the whole thorax

thinly clothed with pale fulvous pubescence. Abdomen

subsessile ; the first segment very short and small ; second

dorsal segment longer than broad, the sides strongly convex,

finely and closely punctured, thinly clothed with greyish

hairs, a sparse elongate patch of white hairs on each side.

Pygidial area opaque, with very fine indistinct stria at

the base. Hind tibiz with a row of slender spines on the

outer side.

Hab. Yallingup, 8.W. Australia; November and December.

This species seems to be related to e@netfrons, André,

but the second joint of the flagellum is shorter, the second

abdominal segment is less coarsely punctured and more

convex at the sides, the spots of pubescence are different,

also the colour of the head.

Ephutomorpha virulenta, sp. n.

2. Ferruginea; capite nigro; pedibus fusco-ferrugineis; tarsis

mandibulisque testaceis ; abdomine viridi-eeneo, segmentis apica-

libus infuscatis; segmentis dorsalibus primo, secundo, quarto

quintoque margine apicali late albo-ciliatis.

Long. 4-6 mm.

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera, 441

2. Head small, narrower than the thorax, closely puac-

tnured-rugose, strongly rounded behind the eyes ; second

joint of the flagellum no longer than the third ; mandibles

small, a feeble tooth on the inner margin near the apex ; a

curved carina from below the eyes to the antennal tubercles ; ;

a patch of long white pubescence on each side of the vertex.

Thorax a little longer than the greatest breadth, the sides

almost parallel, sharply but not strongly narrowed just

behind the middle, closely punctured, the median segment

coarsely reticulate. Abdomen subsessile; the second dorsal

segment very little longer than the greatest breadth, the

sides rather strongly convex, closely and rather finely

punctured ; pygidial area finely longitudinally striated at

the base. Hind tibiz with a row of delicate spines on the

outer side.

Hab. Yallingup, S.W. Australia ; October to December.

Nearly allied to Airtella described above, but may be dis-

tinguished by the shorter and broader thorax and second

dorsal segment, and the different distribution of the bands

of pubescence.

Ephutomorpha eneifrons, André.

Ephutomorpha eneifrons, André, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixxii. p, 441

(1903). 9.

The type is from Port Darwin. The species also occurs

at Fremantle, W.A. (J. J. Walker); Yallingup, W.A.,

December (Turner) ; and 8. Australia (coll. F. Smith).

Var. cupreiventris, André, from Townsville, seems to be a

local race of this, the thorax being more distinctly narrowed

posteriorly.

Ephutomorpha formicaria, Fabr.

Mutilla formicaria, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 397 (1775).

Var. Mutilla auriceps, Sm. Descr. New Spec. Hymen. p. 201 (1879). @.

The type, doubtless taken at Cooktown, is in the Banksian

collection, and is identical with specimens taken by me at

Cape York. WM. auriceps, Sm., isa form with golden pubes-

cence on the head, which occurs southwards from Mackay.

The species referred to as formicaria by André (Ann. Soc.

Ent. France, p. 452, 1903) is a different species, which I

have subsequently (Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1910) described

as FE. gilesi,

Ephutomorpha subcristata, sp. n.

Q. Pallido-ferruginea, aureo-pilosa; abdomine nigro; segmento

primo dorsali fascia apicali testacea; secundo macula magna

442 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

utringue fasciaque angusta apicali; tertio, quarto quintoque

macula mediana albo- pilosis.

Long. 7 mm.

2. Second joint of the flagellum small, a little shorter

than the third; mandibles strongly incised on the outer

margin near the base. Head small, narrowed in front of

the eyes, rounded behind the eyes, which are prominent and

situated much nearer to the posterior margin of the head

than to the base of the mandibles ; a distinct carina from

the eye to the antennal tubercle. Head and thorax rather

closely punctured, more coarsely on the median segment

than elsewhere, and thickly covered with rather long pale

golden pubescence. Thorax about one-third longer than

the greatest breadth, the anterior angles very slightly

rounded, the sides nearly parallel, strongly narrowed behind

the middle, the posterior margin only a little more than

half as wide as the anterior. Abdomen subsessile ; the

second segment much longer than broad, finely and closely

punctured, the punctures more or less confluent longitu-

dinally. Pygidial area very finely punctured at the apex,

the base concealed by pubescence. Hind tibiz with four

distinct spines on the outer side.

Hab. Eaglehawk Neck, S.E. Tasmania ; February.

Related to KH. mackayensis, André, in the shape of the

head, the incision of the mandibles, and the pale golden

pubescence, but differs in the shorter second joint of the

flagellum, the much stronger narrowing of the thorax pos-

teriorly, the very different distribution of the spots and

bands of white pubescence on the abdomen, and the longer

second segment.

Ephutomorpha excerpta, sp. n.

9. Nigra ; thorace, mandibulis, coxis trochanteribusque ferrugineis;

pedibus antennisjue fusco-ferrugineis ; segmento dorsali primo

margine apicali testaceo; segmento dorsali secundo macula

elongata utrinque fasciaque apicali lata, tertio, quarto quintoque

macula transversa apicali albo-pilosis,

Long. 4:5 mm.

¢@. Mandibles with a small blunt tooth on the inner margin

near the apex ; second joint of the flagellum no longer than

the third. Head small, closely and not coarsely punctured,

narrower than the thorax, broadly rounded at the posterior

margin, a curved carina from below the eyes to the antennal

tubercles. Thorax a little longer than the greatest breadth,

Mr. R. E, Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera, 443

the sides very feebly convex, the anterior angles not rounded,

very slightly narrowed posteriorly, rather deeply punctured,

the punctures more or less confluent longitudinally, median

segment coarsely reticulate. Abdomen subsessile, the first

segment not constricted at the apex ; second segment a

little longer than broad, convex at the sides, very closely

punctured; pygidial areasmooth. Hind tibia with a row of

four spines on the outer side.

Hab. Yallingup, 8.W. Australia; November and December.

This is near darwiniana, André, and labeculata, Turn.,

but the thorax is much shorter and broader than in the

former, and the sculpture much coarser than in the latter.

The apical band of pubescence on the second dorsal seg-

ment is reduced toa spot in darwiniana, extends over the

whole breadth between the lateral spots in eacerpta, and

along the whole apical margin in labeculata. E, pacificatriz,

Sm., is a larger species, and has a double row of spines on

the hind tibie.

Ephutomorpha trilineata, sp. n.

@. Nigra; thorace ferrugineo; segmento dorsali primo fascia

angusta apicali, secundo maculis tribus elongatis basalibus usyue

ad mediam porrectis, maculisque tribus transversis apicalibus,

tertio, quarto quintoque macula apicali albo- pilosis.

Long. 8-10 mm.

?. Mandibles bidentate at the apex, the inner tooth

short; second joint of the flagellum nearly as long as the

first and third combined. Head small, much narrower than

the thorax, broadly rounded behind the eyes, covered with

pale golden pubescence which couceals the sculpture ; eyes

strongly convex, situated nearer to the posterior margin of

the head than to the base of the mandibles. Thorax closely

and not very coarsely punctured, the median segment

coarsely reticulate, thinly covered with pale golden pu-

bescence, distinctly longer than the greatest breadth, the

anterior margin feebly arched, gradually narrowed pos-

teriorly, the anterior margin less than half as broad again

as the posterior, the pleurze smooth, the posterior truncation

almost vertical, the surface smooth. Abdomen subsessile,

the first segment very short, but not narrow, the second

dorsal segment finely and closely punctured, longer than the

greatest breadth, the sides moderately convex ; pygidial area

broad, smooth and shining at the apex, opaque and finely

shagreened at the base. Hind tibiz with two rows of long

444 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

spines on the outer side, basal joint of hind tarsi with a

dense scopa beneath.

Hab. Yallingup, S.W. Australia; November and December.

This is a robust species, somewhat allied to strigosa, Sm.,

and quadrata, Sm., but differing in the spots of pubescence

on the abdomen. The thorax is a little longer than in

quadrata, and the first dorsal segment broader.

Ephutomorpha cordatiformis, sp. u.

Q. Nigra; thorace pedibusque ferrugineis, pleuris antice nigris ;

mandibulis basi flagelloque fusco-ferrugineis ; segmentis dorsali-

bas secundo tertioque apice albo-ciliatis.

Long. 3-6 mm.

?. Second joint of the flagellum no longer than the

third. Head no broader than the thorax, rounded at the

posterior angles, punctured-rugose, the arched carina from

the eye to the antennal tubercle rather indistinct. Thorax

a little longer than the greatest breadth, the sides slightly

conyex, rather abruptly and very strongly narrowed behind

the middle, closely and deeply punctured, many of the

punctures confluent longitudinally, pleuree more sparsely

punctured, median segment reticulate, the sculpture spread-

ing on to the surface of the truncation. Abdomen sessile ;

first segment broad and not very short ; second dorsal seg-

ment about as broad as long, the sides only slightly convex,

closely but not coarsely punctured-rugose; pygidial area

broad, finely granulate. Hind tibia with two rows of spines

on the outer side, the spines often short and not very

distinct.

Hab. Eaglehawk Neck, S.E. Tasmania; February.

This is nearly allied to H. cordata, Sm., differing in the

much coarser sculpture of the head, thorax, and second

dorsal segment, and in the apical bands of pubescence on

the second and third dorsal segments, which in cordata are

represented by large spots on the middle of the apical

margin. The thorax is much more strongly narrowed pos-

teriorly than in E. edmondi, André, which is otherwise very

closely related, though differing in the pubescence on the

abdomen.

Ephutomorpha comes, sp. n.

9. Nigra; flagello subtus fusco-ferrugineo; thorace rufo-ferrugineo ;

segmento dorsali primo fascia apicali, tarsisque testaceis; seg-

mento dorsali secundo fascia lata longitudinali, tertio, quarto

quintoque macula transversa albo-pilosis.

Long. 7-8 mm.

ee ee

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossortal [ymenoptera. 445

2. Second joint of the flagellum distinctly longer than

the third ; head closely and rather strongly punctured, a

carina from the eyes to the antennal tubercles, eyes mode-

rately convex, situated about as far from the posterior

margin of the head as from the base of the mandibles ; head

small, broadly rounded from a little behind the eyes,

Thorax coarsely punctured, the punctures more or less con-

fluent longitudinally, a little longer than the greatest breadth,

broadly pyriform, the anterior margin broadly arched,

median segment coarsely reticulate, the posterior slope

almost vertical and rugose. Abdomen subsessile; second

dorsal segment finely longitudinally punctured-rugulose,

longer than broad, the sides moderately convex. Pygidial

area broad, finely longitudinally striated. The longitudinal

band of white pubescence on the second dorsal segment

reaches from the apex nearly to the base. Hind tibiz with

two rows of spines on the outer margin,

Hab. Yallingup, S.W. Australia; November and December.

This is somewhat allied to ¢rilineata described above, but

is a smaller and less massive species, with a shorter, more

pyriform thorax, and very different arrangement of the white

pubescence on the abdomen. £. cordata, Sm., is perhaps a

nearer ally, but is without the longitudinal band on the

second dorsal segment, and has much finer sculpture.

£. cordata was described from Adelaide specimens, but also

occurs at Yallingup in November and December. ‘The

female of the species identified by André as £. morosa,

Westw., is nearer to this than to any other West Australian

species, though in that Queensland form the thorax is never

ferruginous and the front more coarsely rugose. But

morosa was described from West Australia, and I doubt if it

is identical with the Queensiand form. Errors of identi-

fication in species described from the male only are very

excusable, especially when the type is not available, the

black species being extremely difficult to separate.

Ephutomorpha volubilis, sp. n.

9. Nigra; mandibulis, antennis, thorace pedibusque fusco-ferrugi-

neis ; segmento dorsali primo margine apicali tarsisque testaceis ;

segmento dorsali secundo fascia lata longitudinali basin haud

attingente, tertio, quarto quintoque macula transversa albo-

pilosis.

Long. 4 mm.

2. Second joint of the flagellum no longer than the

third ; head no broader than the thorax, strongly rounded

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 31

446 Mr. Rt. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

posteriorly, rather finely and not very closely punctured,

with an arched carina from below the eyes to the antennal

tubercles. Thorax scarcely longer than the greatest breadth,

rounded at the anterior angles, not very strongly narrowed

posteriorly, punctured-reticulate, the median segment reti-

culate, rugose on the surface of the posterior truncation,

the pleuree smooth. Abdomen sessile; the first segment

very short ; second dorsal segment very finely and closely

punctured, almost as broad as “long, the sides rather strongly

convex ; pygidial area smooth at the apex, with a few longi-

tudinal striz at the base. Hind tibie with two rows of

spines on the outer side.

Hab. Yallingup, S.W. Australia ; November.

This is allied to E. comes described above, but is a much

smaller species, the thorax is less strongly narrowed poste-

riorly, and the sculpture finer.

Ephutomorpha scabrosiformis, sp. n.

Q. Nigra; thorace antennisque fuscis; pedibus fusco-ferrugineis ;

segmentis dorsalibus secundo, tertio quartoque macula parva

basali utrinque albo-pilosa, secundo crasse longitudinaliter striato ;

segmento primo dense albo-piloso.

Long. 6 mm.

@. Mandibles with an ill-defined tooth on the inner

margin near the apex ; second joint of the flagellum scarcely

longer than the third. Head small, narrower than the

thorax, coarsely punctured-rugose, with sparse whitish

pubescence, broadly rounded posteriorly; the eyes strongly

convex, nearer to the posterior margin of the head than to

the base of the mandibles, no distinct carina between the

eyes and the antennal tubercles, but one or two small spines

on the usual line of the carina, a larger spine on the outer

side of the antennal tubercles. Thorax coarsely rugose-

reticulate, as long as the greatest breadth, the anterior

margin straight, the sides rather strongly convex, moderately

narrowed behind the middle, the surface of the posterior

truncation smooth. Abdomen subsessile, first segment

short, not constricted at the apex, second coarsely and

rather irregularly longitudinally striated; pygidial area

sparsely punctured. Hind tibize with two rows of spines.

Hab. Yallingup, S.W. Australia ; December.

This is easily distinguished by the sculpture of the second

dorsal segment from all the allied species except scabrosa,

Sm., to “which it is closely allied, differmg in the much

smaller and narrower head and the much shorter second

joint of the flagellum,

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera, 447

Ephutomorpha fulvodorsalis, sp. n.

2. Ferruginea ; abdomine pedibusque nigris; segmento abdo-

minali secundo tarsisque fulvis ; area pygidiali lata, longitudina-

liter striata,

Long. 6 mm.

?. Head small, narrower than the thorax, coarsely and

closely punctured, the posterior angles rounded, eyes pro-

minent, a carina running from below the eye to the antennal

tubercles, antenn stout, the second joint of the flagellum

scarcely as long as the third, mandibles with a small tooth

on the inner margin near the « apex. Thorax scarcely longer

than the greatest breadth, strongly narrowed beyond the

middle, strongly rounded at the sides anteriorly, coarsely

and closely punctured. First dorsal segment not sunk

below the level of the second, not constricted at the apex,

very sparsely punctured, and thinly clothed with long grey

hairs; second segment closely and rather strongly punc-

tured, much longer than broad, not much broadened in the

middle ; third and fourth segments with a thin cilia of long

grey hairs; pygidial area large, as broad as long, finely

longitudinally striated. Hind tibize with a few short spines

near the apex.

Hab. Yallingup, 8S.W. Australia ; October.

In structure this species somewhat approaches EL. jucunda,

Sm., but is conspicuously different in colour and sculpture,

also in the larger pygidial area.

Ephutomorpha scandens, sp. un.

Q. Nigra; tibiis intermediis et posticis, tarsisque ferrugineis ;

capite thoraceque sparse griseo-pilosis, abdomine sessili, segmento

dorsali secundo in medio late aureo-piloso, apice anguste albo-

piloso, tertio, quarto quintoque macula mediana albo-pilosa ;

thorace rotundato, longitudine latiore.

Long. 2:5-6°5 mm.

2. Second joint of the flagellum a little shorter than the

third; a carina running from the eye to the antennal

tubercle. Head small, narrowed in front of the eyes,

rounded posteriorly, the eyes prominent, much nearer to the

posterior margin of the head than to the base of the

mandibles. Head and thorax closely punctured, the thorax

distinctly broader than long, strongly rounded at the sides,

narrowed, but not very strongly, posteriorly. AbdJomen

sessile, the first dorsal segment sunk below the level of the

second, which is broader than long and very finely and

518

448 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

closely punctured ; ‘pygidial area large, opaque, ovate,

obscurely longitudinally striated at the base. Hind tibiz

somewhat thickened, with two rows of spines on the outer

side.

Hab. Yallingup, S.W. Australia ; November and

December.

This species differs in its habits from most of the Mutil-

lide found at Yallingup, nearly all my specimens having

been taken by sweeping foliage, not running on sand.

In structure it approaches . auropilosa, Sm., but differs

in colour and in the much broader second abdominal seg-

ment. The colour somewhat resembles that of H. jucunda,

Sm., but that species only has a single row of spines on the

hind tibiz, the thorax is more strongly narrowed posteriorly

and the second dorsal segment much longer than in the

present species. As well as LH. auropilosa, EH. bipartita, Sm.,

belongs to this group, but is a much larger and differently

coloured species.

Ephutomorpha argenteolineata, André.

Ephutomorpha argenteolineata, André, Zeitschr. Hym. Dipt. v. p. 27)

(1905). @.

Ephutomorpha perelegans, Turn. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 257

(1910). 9. |

As has been pointed out to me by Mons. André, these are

undoubtedly identical. The type of argenteolineata was

taken at Port Darwin, that of perelegans at 'Townsville,

showing a wider range than is usual in the smaller species

of Ephutomorpha.

Ephutomorpha quadriceps, Sm.

Mutilla quadriceps, Sm. Descr. New Spec. Hymen. p. 206 (1879). 9.

Hab. Lower Plenty, Victoria (Bakewell); Yallingup,

S.W. Australia. October to December.

Evidently a wide-ranging species in the southern portion

of Australia. It seems to me to be the continental sub-

species of the Tasmanian LH. soluta, Erichs., differing in the

presence of a dark red spot on each side of the second dorsal

segment, and in the distinctly broader pygidial area. The

head is usually black in both forms, but is red in a variety

of quadriceps.

Ephutomorpha amenula, sp. n.

2. Viridi-eyanea; abdomine viridi-eneo; mandibulis, seapo

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 449

pedibusque pallide ferrugineis; thorace elongato, latitudine

fere duplo longiore; segmento dorsali secundo apice albo-ciliato.

Long. 4-6 mm,

@. Mandibles with a short tooth on the inner margin

near the apex; second joint of the flagellum a little longer

than the third, but much shorter than the first and third

combined ; head closely punctured, small, broadly rounded

behind the eyes, a low carina running from the eyes to the

antennal tubercles, eyes strongly convex. Thorax nearly

twice as long as the greatest breadth, not quite as broad as

the head, closely and rather strongly punctured, coarsely

reticulate on the median segment, the sides nearly parallel,

rather abruptly but not strongly narrowed at the base of the

median segment. Abdomen subpetiolate ; the first segment

small, very feebly constricted at the apex, with an interrupted

testaceous band at the apex ; second segment closely punc-

tured, much longer than broad, very slightly convex at the

sides; the three following segments with a small patch of

white pubescence in the middle ; pygidial area smooth and

shining. Hind tibiz hairy, the outer side without spines.

Hab. Eaglehawk Neck, 8.E. Tasmania; February.

This somewhat resembles H. amana, André, but the thorax

in that species is much broader anteriorly, more strongly

pyriform, and more coarsely punctured ; the hind tibiz are

armed with spines on the outer side; the second segment

more convex at the sides, and the pygidial area broader and

less distinctly defined. E. nigroenea, Sm., is also somewhat

similar in colour, but has the eyes much less convex, the

sculpture of the head and thorax much coarser, the shape

of the thorax different, and the pygidial area almost absent,

in addition to other differences.

Ephutomorpha postica, sp. n.

Q@. Nigra; antennis, tibiis tarsisque pallide ferrugineis; vertice

rufo-ferrugineo ; segmento dorsali secundo nigro-ceruleo, macula

magna utrinque ochracea.

Long. 6 mm.

2. Second joint of the flagellum distinctly longer than

the third. Head small, no broader than the thorax, finely

and very closely punctured-rugose, the posterior angles not

strongly rounded, eyes strongly convex, situated as far from

the posterior margin of the head as from the base of the

mandibles, the arched carina from below the eyes to the

antennal tubercles very indistinct; mandibles bidentate.

450 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

Thorax elongate: pyriform, finely rugose, about twice as long

as the greatest breadth, the anterior angles strongly rounded,

narrowed from the middle, the median segment reticulate,

depressed, but not truncate; pleurze smooth. Abdomen

subpetiolate ; the first segment short, much narrower than

the second, not constricted at the apex ; second dorsal seg-

ment finely longitudinally rugose, about half as long again

as the greatest breadth, strongly convex at the sides; third

dorsal segment with a transverse band of greyish pubescence ;

pygidial area concealed by long pale pubescence. Hind

tibize covered with short pubescence, with one or two delicate

spines on the outer side near the apex.

Hab, Eagiehawk Neck. S.E. Tasmania; March.

Taken on a fallen log, in dense scrub. This is not very

nearly allied to any other species known to me.

LVII.—WNotes on the Hymenoptera in the Collection of the

British Museum, with Descriptions of new Species. By

GEOFFREY MEADE-WALDO, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

sis

In the following paper the descriptions of several new species

of Apidee and Diploptera are published, as well as notes on

known species. Most of the new material is from collections

recently formed by Mr. G. E. Bryant in Sarawak and

Penang and by Mr. R. KE. Turnerin Australia. Mr. Turner’s

fine collections from Australia, the whole of which are now

at South Kensington, are well known to all Hymenopterists,

A new species of that curious Kumenid genus J/acrocalymma

is a very interesting discovery.

Mr. Bryant, who spent some nine months in Sarawak, was

primarily occupied in collecting beetles, but at my request

collected such bees and wasps as he encountered in his

excursions. The Thrincostoma and Celioxys were two captures

of especial interest, the former as introducing a second species

to a genus recorded in the Oriental Region for the first time

last year, and the latter as connecting the two sexes of a

species in which sexual dimorphism is very strongly

developed.

the Hymenoptera in the British Museum. 451

Apide.

IDIOPROSOPIS, gen. nov.

Characters.— 3. General facies that of Hyleus. Head

broad ; as broad as mesothorax at widest, ocelli in a triangle

with very wide base. A distinct malar space, mandibles

medium, with two well-developed apical teeth. Joints 4-12

of antenne produced beneath apically to an angle, giving the

flagellum a serrate appearance; joint 3 very long, equalling

in length joints 4 and 5. Scape simple. Tongue much

asin Hyleus. Pronotum visible, truncate anteriorly. Pro-

podeum subtruncate, concave medially, the anterior area not

differing much in sculpture from the rest. Hind legs with

trochanters dentate, the femora enormously incrassate and

tibiz spatulate. First cubital cell twice as long as second,

basal uervure gently arched; stigma medium. Genital

armature with the stipites simple, broadly obliquely truncate

at the apex ; sagitte short, falling far short of the apices of

the stipites ; apical process of eighth ventral segment dilated,

the apex emarginate. Six ventral segments are exposed, the

sixth broadly truncate at apex.

2. Unknown.

‘Type of the genus: [déoprosop/s chaletdiformis, M.-Waldo.

Geographical distribution of species : Patagonia.

Idioyrosopts chaleidiformis, sp. n.

¢. Nigra; mandibulis (apice excepto), labro, clypeo areisque inter-

orbitalibus pallide luteis ; tibiisque posticis aurantiacis; antennis

scapo cylindrico, sparsim hirsuto, flagelli articulis 4-12 serratis ;

capite thoraceque sparsim griseo-pilosis, punctatis; abdomine

nitido ; femoribus posticis inerassatis, tuberculo subapicali in-

structis ; tibiisque posticis spatulatis, margine apicali dentato ;

alis subhyalinis.

Long. 9 mm.

Black ; the mandibles (except the apical teeth), labrum,

clypeus, and inner orbits pale ivory-yellow ; posterior tibize

orange-yellow. Mandibles only shallowly grooved ; clypeus

convex, at apex broader than long. Antenne black above,

pale ferruginous beneath; scape cylindrical, with a sparse

covering of long griseous hairs; joints 4-12 of flagellum

serrate. Head and thorax for the most part dull, the whole

densely covered with shallow punctures; scutellum and

portions of propodeal area shining. Abdomen shining, im-

punctate. Head and thorax sparsely clothed with # long

452 ; Mr. G. Meade- Waldo on

griseous pubescence. Anterior and intermediate legs normal,

posterior trochanters with a stout tubercle on the inner side,

posterior femora enormously inecrassate, shining, rounded

above; beneath there is a strong carina, terminating in a

conspicuous tubercle ; hind tibie spatulate, widening from

the base, a conspicuous tooth at apex. Wings subhyaline.

Length 9 mm.

1 g, Paraconia ; Chubut, Valley de Lago Blanco.

[It had been intended to publish the description of this

new genus and species in my fascicle on the Prosopidinee

(‘Gen. Insectorum’), the MS. of which is now in the hands

of M. Wytsman, of '‘Tervueren. Owing to the unsettled state

of affairs in Belgium, the date of publication is very uncertain 5

so it seems better to add the descriptions to the present

paper. |

Thrincostoma bryant, sp. n.

¢g. Capite thoraceque nigris, abdomine fulvo-brunneo; omnino

nitidus, plus minusve pubescens; clypeo medio apiceque fulvo-

brunneo ; alis subhyalinis, hirsutis.

Long. (capite producto) 14 mm.

Clypeus very much produced, snout-like, the apex trun-

cate, laterally rounded, shining and finely punctured ; gene

of considerable development, about equal in length to the

scape, clothed with a dense sericeous pale pubescence ; inner

orbits feebly emarginate along their upper half ; mandibles

simple, fulvous brown, Antenne wholly black, of normal

proportions, Mesonotum shining, finely punctured ; scu-

tellum shining, distinctly convex ; postscutellum of ordinary

sculpture; enclosed area of median segment more coarsel

sculptured ; surface of truncation of median segment slightly

coucave, subglabrous, the punctures rather scattered ; lateral

angles of median segment forming distinct carine. ‘Tegule

brownish, nitidulous. Abdomen (as usual in the genus) with

first segment somewhat elongate, and following segments

rather widening towards apex of segment 3, the whole

abdomen somewhat copiously clothed with long pale brown

hairs. Sternite 3 extremely short, almost entirely covered.

by the preceding sternite, at its apex are two short rows of

stiff black hairs; sternite 4 dull, bilobed, the whole surface

covered with pruinosity. Anterior and intermediate tibie

and tarsi covered witin golden pubescence; posterior tibia

with a conspicuous corneous tooth at apex below; posterior

tarsi with golden pubescence within. Calcaria pale testa-

ccous. Wings with the nervures and stigma dull rufous,

the Hymenoptera tin the British Museum. 453

second and third cubital cells subequal, shorter than the

first ; first and second recurrent nervures interstitial with

second and third transverso-cubital nervures, second trans-

verso-cubital nervure failing before it reaches the radial cell ;

the patch of black hairs characteristic of genus is situated in

both eubital cells 2 and 3; basal nervure interstitial with

transverso-medial,

Length 14 mm.

Borneo: Sarawak, Mt. Merinjak, 1500 ft., v. 1914 (G. Z.

Bryant).

I have much pleasure in naming this most interesting

discovery after its captor, Mr. G. K. Bryant. The first and,

up to the present, only known species of this genus from the

Oriental Region is 7. sladent, Okll. (Canad. Ent. 1913, p. 35),

described from the Khasi Hills. It differs from the present

species in size, neuration, and many structural points.

Xy ocopa, Latr.

Yet a fourth species of handsome blue and black Xylocopa

has been discovered in the Oriental Region, this time in

Sarawak. The new species may be distinguished from its

nearest allies by the following differences ; ali three species

have the head, thorax, aud first tergite more or less densely

clothed with azure pubescence.

1. (2) Two complete subcubital cells, first

trausverso-cubital cell absent or indi-

cated by a faint streak ; at least abdo-

minal segment 2 fringed with blue at

sides.

2. (1) Three complete subcubital cells, first

transverso-cubital cell strong; first

abdominal sparsely clothed with blue

hair, second abdominal segment black. abbott7, Ckll. (Siam.)

3. (4) Larger species, anterior wing 19-20mm. ;

serment 2 of abdomen with blue hair

at sides ; wings fuscous, with purple

PPULCRCENCE so 5-5 a us cha on BEE See one cerulea, F. (E. Indies.)

4, (8) Smaller species, anterior wing about

15 mm.; segments 2-4 of abdomen

with blue hair at sides; wings dis-

tinctly paler, with hardly any purple [(Borneo.)

WPMCHEGNOE. «4 ous «Pantene es <a we. ce@ruleiformis, sp. D.

AX. grubauert, Friese (1903), from Perak, is known only

by the male.

454 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

The above key will serve to differentiate the females; the

male of-X. (Mesotrichia) abbotti, Ckll., is unknown.

All these three species belong to the subgenus Koptortho-

soma, Giib.

For further information on these species, vide Cockerell,

Trans, Amer. Ent. Soc. p. £15 (1909).

Xylocopa (Koptorthosima) ceruletformis, sp. n.

@. Nigra; capite, thorace, tergite primo, tergitibus 2-4 lateribus

ceruleo-hirtis.

Long. 17-18 mm.

¢. Nigra; capite, thorace dense brunneo-hirtis ; segmento mediano

rubro ; abdomine nigro- vel obscure fusco-hirto; metatarso ili.

curvato.

¢. At first sight closely resembling a small X. cerulea,

F’., but at once distinguished by the characters given in key.

Mandibles shining, “bidentate ; ; supraclypeal carina shining,

conspicuous, not quite reaching the apex of clypeus; joint 3

of antenne=4+45+6; pubescence behind the eyes from pale

blue to white, and on the intermediate and posterior coxe

white. Truncation of median segment with a patch of pale

yellow hair on each side, Anterior tibize with long pale b‘ue

hairs, anterior metatarsi with long pale hair; scopa on inter-

mediate and posterior tibiz more or less intermixed with

pale hairs. Intermediate femora slightly concave on the

inner side, posterior femora with a small tubercle on the

outer side. Head and abdomen evenly punctured; meso-

notum shining, impunctate in the middle, laterally punctate ;

median segment rugose. Wings fuscous, only faintly

iridescent.

6. Head and thorax densely clothed with fuivous-brown

hairs ; face without pale markings; first tergite clothed with

very dark brown (almost black) hair; wings fusco-hyaline,

with a bronze effulgence. Eyes large, approsimating above.

Punctured as in the 2. ‘Tergite 3 with a curious differen-

tiated area on each side at base, only visible when the seg-

ments are drawn out; the area is rounded apically, bounded

by a conspicuous sulcus, the portion enclosed being very

finely punctured 5 posterior femora somewhat incrassate,

concave on inner side; metatarsus 3 slender and curved.

The trancatien of the median segment is distinctly rufous.

Length 16 mm.

$3254 6 Be

the Hymenoptera in the British Museum. 455

Borneo: Sarawak, Mt. Matang, 4-10. ii. 1914,3 ? ¢,

36d; Mt. Matang, 3000 ft., 17. i, 1914, 1 d (G. E.

Bryant).

Xylocopa (Koptorthosoma) cerulea, F.

4 9 9, Penang, x.-xi. 1913 (G. EH. Bryant).

Xylocopa collaris, Lep.

5 9? 2, Borneo: Mt. Matang (iii. 1914), Kuching (xi.

1914). Srrairs SETTLEMENTS: Penang, x. 1914 (G. E.

Bryant).

Xylocopa sp.

I 9, Mt. Matang, ii. 1914 (G. H. Bryant).

This single 2 1 am unable to identify with any certainty,

but for want of more material it is better to leave it unnamed

for the present.

Anthidium aprfirme, sp. n.

ocellos, lineis tribus mesonoto, scutello basi, marginibus apicalibus

segmentorum abdominis, subnigris ; propleuris subnigris ; meta-

tarsis iil. nigris; scopa ventrali albida, subflava, apice extremo

fusco ; alis subhyalinis, pallide flavis ; stigma inconspicua.

3 similis, sed capite infra dense albo-piloso, antennis longioribus.

Long. 14 mm.

Rather slender for an Anthidium. Mandibles 4-toothed,

the two outer teeth the stouter; gene wanting; clypeus

about as broad as long, convex, the apex feebly serrate ;

antenng short, joint 3=4+5, terminal joint forming a point

in side profile; ocelli in wide-based triangle, the two posterior

ones situate in a conspicuous shining area ; head as broad as

thorax, scutellum well overlapping postscutellum and rounded

posteriorly ; truncation of median segment rounded, the basal

area large and of similar structure to the rest ; first segment

of abdomen short, distinctly hollowed out at base, the following

four segments similar; the apical fascize vary in degree of

darkness, those on tergites 1 and 2 being comparatively pale,

Scopa rather sparse, the hairs long, silvery ; sternite 6 with

fuscous hairs. Head and thorax with a more or less dense

fulvous pubescence; the abdomen with dense pubescence,

similar in colour to the chitin on which it is situated. The

whole insect covered with small even punctures; meta-

456 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

tarsus iii. coarsely granulose. Wings flavo-hyaline, the

costal half with conspicuous pilosity.

3. Similar, except for a conspicuous white pubescence

beneath the head, the antenne, as frequent in this sex,

rather longer.

Bee be

Borneo: Sarawak, Mt. Matang, 12-13. xii. 1913 (G. £.

Bryant).

‘This fine insect is strongly reminiscent of a hive-bee or of

species of New-World Melipona of the fulvipes-scutellaris

group. It is quite unlike any described species of Anthidium

from the Oriental Region.

Megachile malayana, Cam., var. auriceps, nov.

Q. M. malayane similis, sed vertice dense aureo-hirsuto.

Long. 18 mm.

This extremely handsome insect is evidently a variety of

M. malayana, Cam., described in P. Z. 8. 1901, p. 245, from

the male sex. It may be noted that Cameron makes a rather

serious lapsus calamt in his Latin diagnosis, where he says

“ capite thoraceque dense nigro-pilosis.” ‘his is rectitied

in his English description.

A characteristic feature of JZ, ma/ayana is, of course, the

conspicuous white pubescence on the head. In the new

variety diagnosed above this white pubescence is replaced by

golden. ;

Theie is a 2 of the typical form in the British Museum

from the Mimika River, vii. 1910 (A. F. R. Wollaston), vide

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 1x. p. 454 (1912). The new

variety has the following data attached :—

Dutcu NEw GUINEA: Snow Mts., 4000-6000 ft., iii.

1913 (4. F. BR. Wollaston).

Megachile (Eumegachile) atratiformis, sp. n.

Q. Nigra; alis flavo-hyalinis, margine apicali infuscata; clypeo

brevissimo, apice vix punctato, carina longitudinali mediana in-

structo, labro apice obtuso, impunctato, aureo-sericeo; mesonoto

sulcis longitudinalibus instructis, percrasse rugosissimeque punc-

tato.

Long. 20 mm.

Strongly resembling MM. atrata, F. Smith, in superficial

characters, but differing therefrom as follows :—

the Hymenoptera in the British Museum.

M. atrata, Smith..

Mandibles robust, 5-toothed.

truncate apically ; no carina,

Labrum with apex broadly trun-

cate, evenly punctured, hirsute,

flat.

Mesonotum finely evenly punc-

tured, no parapsidal grovves.

Clypeus finely, evenly punctured, |

457

M. (£.) atratiformis.

Mandibles falciform, with only 2

distinct teeth.

Clypeus with a few coarse shal-

low punctures basally, the apex

sinuate, impunctate; a distinct

longitudinal carina.

Labrum obtuse, aureo-sericeous ;

convex, with a blunt longitudinal

carina,

Mesonotum coarsely __ trans-

striate ; with 4 parapsidal grooves,

the inner pair shallow, indistinct,

the outer pair deep, conspicuous.

Scutellum finely evenly punc- Scutellum coarsely punctured,

tured. | shining.

Oh eae

Lower TENAsSERIM: Mergui, ii. 1889 (Col. Bingham),

type ?. MIppLe TENAsserIM: Haundraw Valley, ix. 1894

(Col. Bingham). PENANG, 21. x. 1913 (G. BE. Bryant).

This species was labelled ‘ M. atrata, Smith, var.,” by

Colonel Bingham. Smith’s species occurs in Tenasserim,

and was represented in the Bingham collection.

Celiovys matange, sp. n.

@. Nigra; capite thoraceque crasse punctatis, abdomine minute

punctato; facie, clypeo, vertice postice, pleuris supra, macula

prope tegulas, duabus maculis scutello, segmenti mediani lateribus,

aureo-pilosis; tergitibus 1-5 fasciis apicalibus sauamosis pallide

aureis; thorace infra sternitibusque albo-pilosis; tarsis ferru-

gineis ; alis subhyalinis.

Long. 9 mm.

dé. Nigra, albo-pilosa (facie clypeoque aureo-pilosis exceptis) ;

segmento anali 6-spinoso ; alis subfuscis,

Long. 11 mm.

@. Veitex and thorax with coarse even punctures ; abdo-

men shining, the punctures fine and even; tegule impunc-

tate. Scute'lum convex, slightly upturned towards apical

margin, laterally with short blunt tubercles; a distinct trans-

verse furrow between scutellum and mesonotum; tergites 2

and 3 with faint transverse furrows towards apex; anal seg-

ment acute, not notched at sides, basally shining, finely

punctured, apically with median carina and closely punctured ;

anal sternite distally projecting beyond anal tergite. Wings

subhyaline.

Length 9 mm.

458 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

3. Similar to ¢ in sculpture, but differs in being con-

siderably larger and in having the wings much darker.

There is only golden pubescence on the face and clypeus, a!l

remaining pubescence is griseous; the abdominal fascia is

of griseous scales. Anal segment 6-spined, all the spines

acute, the four apical ones the larger, the lower pair pro-

jecting beyond the others ; a pair at the base shorter tan

the others. ‘ergite 5 with a small tubercle on each side at

apex ; tergites 2-5 with distinct lateral furrows.

Length 11 mm.

1 g,1 9, taken in cottu.

BorNEO: Sarawak, Mt. Matang, 1000 ft., ii. 1914 (G. EZ.

Bryant).

A most interesting pair; the difference in general appear

ance is most striking. From the allied species it may be

separated as follows :—

1. (6) Face and clypeus at least with golden

pubescence.

2. (3) Anal tergite produced beyond anal

sternite; anal segment (¢) with 8

spines; 63-73 mm. (Sumatra.).... swmatrana, Endl, (1906),

3. (2) Anal tergite shorter than anal sternite.

4, (5) Larger (18 mm.); wings distinctly bi-

colorous, hyaline at base, fuscous at

apex. dG unknown. (Borneo.).... curvispina, Cam. (1903).

6. (4) Smaller (9mm. 9, 11mm. 3); wings

unicolorous; anal segment ¢ with

G spmes. "(Bormeo:) 20/0 alma. nes matang@, sp. 0.

6. (1) Face and clypeus at least with white

or griseous pubescence.

7. (8) Anal sternite produced beyond anal

tergite; “pubescence white.”

unknown. 11mm. (Borneo.) .... ertocephala,Cam. (1902).

8. (7) Anal tergite longer than anal sternite ;

pubescence grey; anal segment (¢)

with 6 spines. 10mm. (Sumatra.) Jepotaxis, Endl. (1906).

Celioxys froggatti, Ckll.

This species was described from Victoria (Proc. Linn. Soe.

New South Wales, xxxvi. p. 170, 1913). Turner took a

9 at Kaglehawk Neck, 8.E. Tasmania, ii.-iii. 1913. his

is apparently the first record of the genus in Tasmania ; it is

not represented in Cockerell’s list of Tasmanian bees (Proce,

Linn. Soc. New South Wales, xxxvil. p. 599, 1913).

A long series of both sexes trom Yallingup, S.W. Aus-

tralia, xii. 1913, is composed of specimens all rather larger

than the type (10 mm. 2,12 mm. ¢@).

the Ilymenoptera in the British Museum. 459

Diploptera.

Iscunocatta, Perkins.

Ischnocelia, Perkins, Proc. Hawaii Ent. Soe. ii. p. 32 (1908),

= Stenolabus, Schulthess, Deutsch. ent. Zeit. p. 189 (1910).

Dr. Perkins communicated with Dr. Schulthess concerning

these genera, and agreed that they were synonymous. There

does not seem to have been any record published,

Both genera have so far only been recorded from §S, and

FE. Australia.

Ischnocelia robusta (M.-Waldo).

Elimus robustus, M.-Waldo, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) v. p. 40

(Jan. 1210).

=Stenolabus vulneratus, Schulthess, Deutsch. ent. Zeitschr. p. 191

(March 1910).

For the transference of Z. robusta to Ischnocelia see Ann.

& Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xi. p. 45 (1913). I have not seen

Schulthess’s type; but his good description and the text-

figure (/. c.) leave no doubt as to their synonymity.

Ischnocelia integra (Schulthess), var. major, nov.

Stenolabus integer, Schulthess, Deutsch. ent. Zeitschr. p. 191 (1910).

dg.

Described from New South Wales. Turner took four

specimens (3 ¢ g,1 ¢), which differ from the typical form

as follows :—

9. Clypeus black basally ; two small ovate spots laterally

about the middle, and the extreme apex ferruginous red.

3. Clypeus entirely yellow. The type has the clypeus

sanguineous—possibly this may be due to cyanide.

The West Australian specimens are consistently larger

than the type—13 mm. (to apex of tergite 2); wings 10mm.

The measurement of the type is 11 mm. (to apex of ter-

gite 2) and wings 9°5 mm.

S.W. AustraLia: Yallingup, Dec. 1913-Jan. 1914 (R. E.

Turner), “ tlying over sand.”

Macrocalymma alicia, sp. n.

Q. Nigrum ; clypei dimidio basali, macula parva bilobata intér-

antennas, macula post oculos, pronoti margine antico, macula

mesopleurali, duabus maculis scutello, abdominis segmentis 1 et 2

460 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

fasciis apicalibus, luteis; tegulis hyalinis, vix luteo-maculatis ;

tibiis anticis extus luteis; tarsis anticis ferrugineis; alis sub-

hyalinis, area costali infuscata.

Long. 11 mm.

Mandibles of median thickness, 3-dentate at apex; clypeus

convex, longer than broad, apically subtruncate ; joints of

flagellum short, subequal. Head with the vertex sub-

quadrate seen in profile, sharply angulated behind the eyes.

Thorax long, narrow; anterior margin of pronotum trun-

cate, the sides rounded ; scutellum flat.

Head and thorax closely and coarsely punctured ; median

segment and abdomen closely and more finely punctate.

Sternite 2 with a shallow ovate depression occupying most of

its surface. Wings slightly fuscous, darker along the costa

and in the radial cell.

eeu 11 mm. (to apex of tergite 2).

S.W. AuvstrALIA: Yallingup, Dec. 1913-Jan. 1914

(Mrs. R. LE. Turner).

I have much pleasure in naming this interesting insect

after its captor, Mrs. R. EK. Turner, who accompanied her

husband on his recent long collecting-tour in Australia,

It isa typical Maecrocalymm a,and may be readily separated

from the only other described species, JL. smithianum,

Perkins (1908), as follows :—

M. smithianum. M. alicia.

Colours: black, ferruginous, and Colours: black and yellow, no

yellow. A ferruginous (except anterior tarsi).

Antenne mostly ferruginous. Antenne w holly black.

Length 8-9 mm, Length 11 mm.

Discoelius elongatus, Sauss. (1854).

Mr, Turner caught a pair of this fine insect at Haglehawk

Neck, S8.E. Tasmania, li-lil, 1913. Saussure described it

from “S. Australia.” There is a specimen in the British

Museum from Victoria (C. French).

Pareumenes australensis, M.-Waldo (1910).

Eumenes (Pareumenes?) australensis, M.-Waldo, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. (8) v. p. 44 (1910). ¢.

Described from specimens taken near Cairns by R. E.

Turner in 1902. During his recent tour he caught eight

more specimens, four of them females, within a mile of the

ty pe-locality.

the Hymenoptera in the British Museum, 461

The ? resembles the ¢ in every respect, but is rather

larger (13 mm. to apex of tergite 2) ; like the ¢ the clypeus

is wholly yellow.

I can refer the species without hesitation to the genus

Pareumenes after an examination of both sexes.

Montezumia amalie (Sauss.).

Nortonia amalia, Sauss. Stettin, ent. Zeit. p. 53 (1869). ¢.

= Montezumia australensis, Perkins, Proc. Hawaii Ent. Soe. ii. p. 33

(1908). 3.

Saussure’s type came from Rockhampton. Dr. Perkins

tells me that he thinks these insects are synonymous ; speci-

mens of MM. australensis were submitted to Dr. Schulthess,

and Dr. Perkins is under the impression that he established

their synonymity. On careful comparison I have no doubt

that he was correct, though there seems to have been no

published record.

Pouistes, Latr. (1802).

Polistes, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins. iii. p. 363 (1802).

= Abispa, Mitchell, Exped. Eastern Australia, i. p. 104 (1838).

= Abispa, Sauss. Et. Fam. Vesp., Suppl. p. 169 (1854).

Saussure wrongly sank his genus Monerebia (1852) to

Abispa (1838). Adispa is clearly not a Kumenid wasp, as

both description and context show. Nor can it be claimed

that Abispa is a nomen nudum; Saussure’s remark (lJ. ¢.)

that the genus was erected solely as a name, e. g., “ Genus

Vespa, subgenus Adbzspa,” is misleading, as there follows

a specific description of several lines, based entirely, it is

true, on colour.

Monerebia, Sauss., can now be resuscitated.

In justification of this synonymy it may be of interest to

quote verbatim an account from Mitchell’s book concerning

his experiences with “Abispa australiana” :— At seventeen

miles we entered a plain, where grew trees of the acacia

pendula, and traversed it in a south-west direction, thus pro-

ceeding where it was most elongated. On entering the wood

beyond a sudden extreme pain in my thigh made me shout

before I was aware of the cause ; a large insect had fastened

itself upon me, and, on looking back, I perceived Souter,

‘the Doctor,’ endeavouring to defend himself from several

insects of the same kind. He told me that I had passed

near a tree on which their nest was suspended ; and it appeared

that this had been sufficient to provoke the attacks of these

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. 32

462 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

saucy insects, who wore the largest stings I had ever seen.

The pain I felt was extreme, and the effect so permanent

that when I alighted in the evening on that leg from my

horse, not thinking of the circumstances, I fell to the ground,

the muscles having been generally affected. The wound was

marked by a blue circular spot, the size of a sixpence, for

several months.”

Tt is evident from this account that the insect must have

been a Po'istes, the hanging nest and savage attack being

characteristic of these insects. A/onerebia is a solitary wasp

making mud cells, which it stores in the usual way with

larvae &c. for its progeny. Mr. Rowland Turner, who has

lived for many years in North Queensland, where Monerebia

is common, tells me that they can only be induced to sting

under great provoeation, and then it is not a very serious

affair. Mitchell gives his description in a footnote (J. ¢.) ;

the “ Abispa australiana”’ is probably Polistes tepidus, Fab.

Ischnogaster (Parischnogaster) levifoveatus, sp. n.

3. Niger, luteo-variegatus, I. foveate affinis, clypeo dense argenteo-

piloso; clypeo (macula subquadrata excepta), pronoti margine

antico et postico, maculis pleuris, scutello duabus maculis, linea

postscutello, segmenti mediani apice, luteis ; fascia basali tergite 3,

pedibus i. et . plerumqne tibiisque posticis intus, luteis; man-

dibulis antennisque infra ferrugineis ; alis subhyalinis, hirsutis,

Long. 12 mm.

Clypeus short, about as broad as long, the apex produced

to form a small tubercle; mandibles 3-toothed, the two outer

teeth widely separated ; thorax as in I. mellyi, but scutellum

and postscutellum shining, impunctate; tegule shining,

impunctate; petiole about twice as long as thorax, very

slender, the apical third feebly swollen; segment 2 with a

short basal stalk, its tergite with a conspicuous differentiated

area occupying the greater part of its surface ; the area flat-

tened, bordered laterally by two rounded carinz which dis-

appear before the apex of the segment; terminal segment

strongly compressed laterally ; the sternite with two sharp

longitudinal ridges meeting at apex, Antenne massive,

joints 3 and 4 equal. Wings with a considerable covering

of hairs, the hind wings ciliated at the end; third cubital

cell short, about one-third as long as second. Whole insect

nearly impunctate ; the mesonotum with feeble longitudinal

striation ; median segment with feeble transverse striation ;

abdominal segments 1 and 2 shining impunctate, the following

segments glabrous. Clypeus densely covered with silvery

the Hymenoptera in the British Museum. 463

pilosity ; thorax with a sparse testaceous pile ; differentiated

area on tergite 2 with an indistinct row of dark fulvous

pubescence parallel to the lateral carine.

Length (to the apex of tergite 2) 12 mm.

te. ‘

Borneo: Sarawak, Mt. Matang, 12. xii. 1913 (G@. Z.

Bryant).

Closely allied to JZ. foveatus, Buyss., described from Sal-

watti, but differs from that species in having the foveate area

on tergite 2 almost destitute of pubescence.

Ischnogaster (Parischnogaster) foveatus, Buyss.

This species was described by Du Buysson (‘ Notes from

the Leyden Museum,’ xxix. p. 80 (1907), ¢) from Salwatti,

off N.W. New Guinea. Only the male is at present known.

Five specimens caught by Bryant at Penang in November

1913 are apparently referable to this species.

Ischnogaster (Paritschnogaster) nitidipennis, Sauss.

bd:

Borneo: Sarawak, Mt. Matang, xil. 1913 (G. E. Bryant).

Also recorded from Singapore (1. WV. Ridley and R. Shel-

ford) and Tenasserim (Col. Bingham).

Ischnogaster (Parischnogaster) nigricans, Cam.

292,1¢.

Borneo: Sarawak, Mt. Matang, g, xii. 1913. Srrarrs

SETTLEMENTS: Penang, x. 1913, 2 2? 9 (G. H. Bryant).

Also recorded from N.W. Borneo: Spitang.

Ischnogaster (Parischnogaster) flavolineata, Cam.

1g.

Borneo: Sarawak, Mt. Matang, xii. 1913 (G. FZ. Bryant).

Ischnogaster (Parischnogaster) butteli, Schulthess.

236.

Borneo: Sarawak, Mt. Matang, xii. 1913 (@. Z. Bryant).

Described from Malacca. ‘This is the first record for

Borneo.

The species is distinct from J. flavolineata, Cam. Schulthess

was in doubt concerning their synonymity. The variegated

32*

464 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

marking of the antennz (Zool. Jahrb. xxxvil. p. 257, fig. a,

1914) renders this species very conspicuous.

Ischnogaster vrnatifrons, Cam.

Siu.

Borneo: Sarawak, Mt. Matang, xii. 1913; Mt. Merinjak,

1500 ft., v. 1914 (G. #. Bryant).

LVIII.— Descriptions and Records of Bees.—LXI1V.

By T. D. A. Cocxrgu it, University of Colorado.

Megachile nidulator, Smith.

9 —Fife Bay, New Guinea, 1899 (Froggatt coll. 217 c).

Megachile doddiana, var. clarket, v. n.

?.—Hair at sides of first dorsal segment of abdomen

entirely black.

Hab. Geraldton, W. Australia, 1914 (Clarke; Froggatt

coll. 218 c).

The specimen also carries the number 169.

Megachile calens, sp. n.

2? —Length about 10°5 mm.

Ventral scopa bright red, black on last segment ; anterior

margin of clypeus with a small median tubercle; wings

smoky hyaline, darker apically.

Like M. diligens, Sm., from Oahu, Hawaiian Is., but

larger, hair of vertex black, mesothorax and scutellum with

a considerable admixture of black hair; the bright red abdo-

minal bands extremely thin or interrupted in middle.

3b .—hike M. doanei, Ckll., from Tahiti, the sixth abdo-

minal segment strongly bidentate, with a broadly rounded

excavation between the teeth; but hair at sides of upper

part of face black instead of brown, scutellum with much

black hair, second to fourth abdominal segments with short

black hair on disc, the first segment with no red hair-band,

that on second present only at sides, that on third almost

obsolete in middle, fifth segment with black hair in

middle, especially basally ; sixth segment with longer teeth.

Auterior coxze with slender spines ; anterior tarsi slightly

Records of Bees. 465

broadened, having lateral, brownish, keel-like outer margins

(doanei has the same).

Hab. New Hebrides. The female is marked “ Epi,

W. W. F., 1913, 211 ¢,” the male ‘“ E/n, 1913, W. W. F.,

213 ¢.’ From Froggatt’s collection,

Known from M. fimbriventris, Fr., by the scopa black

only on last segment, the form of end of male abdomen, &c.

In my table in Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 1911, p. 175, the

female M. calens runs to 16, but is quite distinct from the

two species there given. ‘The male runs to M. woodfordi,

Ckll., but the structure of the sixth abdominal segment is

quite different. Owing to the feebly banded abdomen it

could run to M. mortyana, D. T., but that differs in the

colour of the tarsi. M. calens is readily known from

M. similis, Sm., by the light hair of the face. The male is

the type.

Megachile serricauda, Cockerell.

3 .—New Hebrides; “Epi, 1913, W. W. F., 214 ¢”

(Froggatt coll.).

This Australian species has presumably been introduced,

perhaps with timber carrying the nests.

Megachile laboriosa, Smith, variety a.

6 .—Binaturi R., Papua, March 1913 (Froggatt coll.

215c).

Sith description is too brief, but Friese and Meade-

Waldo have supplied some additional characters. The

species, as I have determined it, is allied to M. aberrans,

Friese, but has the abdomen beyond the third segment

clothed with reddish hair, mixed with fuscous. The size

(length about 13°5 mm.) is greater than Smith indicates.

The cheeks have white hair beneath and the sixth abdominal

segment has a median keel. The wings are dark fusco-

ferruginous. The coloured figure published by Friese only

differs from my specimen in having the apical part of the

abdomen a much more lively red. In the list accompanying

the specimens the locality is given as “ Binitura R.”

Megachile aurifrons, Smith.

? .—Brewarrina, N.S.W., 1914 (Froggatt, 205 c).

Megachile chrysopyga, Smith.

? .—Geraldton, W. Australia, 1914 (Clarke, 172; Froggatt

coll. 209 c).

466 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

Megachile cygnorum, Cockerell.

I am now satisfied that I have at different times confused

three species under this name, the males of which are

readily separable as follows :—

Fifth abdominal segment with light hair, except

at xtreme base )./5,0,.85 cach «beeen M. captionis, sp. n.

Fifth abdominal segment with conspicuous erect

black hair. «25 5.04064 5s eee ea eee ip

1. Length about 11 mm.; anterior tibize with a

broad black band covering at least half of

outer surface longitudinally .............. M. macularis, D. T.

Smaller; anterior tibize with a black patch on

basal balf outside 4. ...% anes ee ee M. cygnorum, Ckll.

The M. macularis is Turner’s 623 from Mackay ; it cer-

tainly must belong with the female from the same locality.

The original macularis was from Western Australia, but

Smith’s description appears to point to the species I have

identified from Queensland.

Megachile captionis, sp. x.

3 .—Very close to M. macularis and M. cygnorum, but

with the following special characters :—Small, length about

9mm.; anterior tibiz bright ferruginous, with a large basal

black spot anteriorly, not nearly covering half the surface;

second joint of anterior tarsi with a more or less evident

black spot visible from without (as in M. darwiniana) ; outer

half of tegule pale reddish ; fifth dorsal abdominal segment

with erect white or yellowish-white hair. The vertex has

the hair entirely pale, not mainly black as in darwiniana.

The anterior coxz have an oblique flattened tooth and a

patch of red hair.

? .—Length about 10 mm.

General appearance of MM. quinquelineata, the ventral

scopa (white, black on last segment and extreme sides of

penultimate) and light abdominal bands practically the same,

but the mesothorax much more finely punctured and the

sixth abdominal segment with a broad band of dense white

tomentum. Mandibles quadridentate ; clypeus extremely

densely punctured, with a minute median apical tubercle ;

eyes lilac; flagellum red beneath; wings hyaline, short ;

spurs of hind legs black, but of middle ones red. There are

two white hair-spots in the scutello-mesothoracic suture ;

the mesothorax aud scutellum are almost without hair, but

Records of Bees. 467

are perhaps denuded ; the hair of the vertex is very short

and ochraceous.

Hab. Males from Brewarrina, N.S.W., 1914 (Froggatt,

206 c==type), and Woodend, Victoria (French; Froggatt coll.

169), the latter with green eyes, and hair of face, top of

head and dorsum of mesothorax strongly yellowish. Female

from Brewarrina (/roggatt, 210 c). ‘The dense band of hair

across sixth abdominal segment readily separates the female

from M, cetera, Ckll.

Another male M. captionis, marked ‘ Yarrawin”? (/rog-

gatt, 207 c), looks long and narrow, having the abdominal

segments extended ; it has no spot on the outer side of ante-

rior tarsus, and there is a slight projection in the middle of

the interval between the dentiform projections of the sixth

abdominal segment. ‘The flagellum is rich chestnut-red

beneath. According to the list accompanying the specimens,

the ‘“‘ Yarrawin” material is from Brewarrina, which is on

the Barwon R., over 360 miles from the coast and about

60 miles from the Queensland border.

Megachile barvonensis, sp. 0.

6 .—Length about 65 mm.

Small and slender, like a Heriades; head and thorax

black, densely punctured ; abdomen clear bright ferruginous,

the first segment with the basin (except upper part) and

cloud on each extreme side black; wings hyaline; face

covered with white hair.

Closely allied in every way to M. micrerythrura, Ckll.,

but differing as follows :—Tarsi only red apically ; no white

spots in scutello-mesothoracic suture (but a white hair-spot

at each corner of mesothorax, the posterior ones con-

spicuous) ; sixth abdominal segment bidentate, the short

tubercle-like teeth wide apart. The head is large, broader

than the thorax. Flagellum slender, dull red beneath.

Hab. Yarrawin, N.S.W., 1914 (Froggatt, 223 c).

The name is derived from the Barwon R.

Thaumatosoma callurum, sp. 0.

g —VLength about 5°5 mm.

Black, with the last three abdominal segments entirely

bright clear ferrugimous ; head and thorax closely punc-

tured, but shining ; head large ; face with much pure white

hair; flagellum pale ochreous, slender throughout, except

the large, flattened, spatulate, black apex ; legs dark; wings

hyaline, stigma pallid; abdomen strongly constricted above

468 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell— Descriptions and

between the segments ; first ventral segment only slightly

turgid; sixth segment bidentate, the teeth rather close

together.

? —Length about 7 mm.

Fifth and sixth abdominal segments red, but not so bright

as in the male; ventral scopa white; white hair-spots at

corners of mesothorax, but none in scutello-mesothoracic

suture ; head large; flagellum quite normal for Megachile,

obscure red beneath ; clypeus strongly punctured, its lower

margin tridentate ; supraclypeal area with large punctures

and a smooth area. ;

Hab. Yarrawin (Brewarrina), 1914 (Froggatt; g =type,

226¢3; 9 2380c).

Easily known by its small size and partly red abdomen.

The female is very like Megachile fultoni, Ckll., but that has

only one red abdominal segment, and the clypeus and supra-

clypeal area are quite different. The genus Thaumatosoma

is founded on a secondary sexual character, and the female

cannot be distinguished from the group of Australian

Heriades-like Megachile, which, however, should probably be

separated from true Megachile.

Saropoda bomhiforinis, Smith.

? .—Binaturi R., Papua, March 1913 (S. H. M.; Frog-

gatt coll. 216c). Agrees with Australian specimens.

Anthophora preissi froggatti, subsp. n.

? —Length fully 16 mm.

Covered with mouse-coloured hair. Differs from A. preissi

(from Western Australia) as follows :—Antenne black, the

flagellum not red beneath ; a transverse pale yellow supra-

clypeal band, and the lower corners of the clypeus broadly

pale yellow; median pale stripe on clypeus narrow, not

tapering above, but broadened at extreme upper end; hind

margins of abdominal segments narrowly dark reddish ; the

creamy-white hair of outer side of hind tibia with a ferru-

ginous stain at base. .

Hab. Brewarrina, New South Wales, 1914 (Froggatt,

2038 c).

At the same locality Mr. Froggatt took a male A. pulchra,

Sm. (204c).

Records of Bees. 469

Anthophora chlorocyanea, sp. n.

Anthophora cingulata, Ckll, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist., Oct. 1905,

pp. 394, 397.

Mr. Meade-Waldo has shown that the real A. cingulata of

Fabricius is emendata, Sm.

Lithurgus albofimbriatus froggatti, subsp. n.

? .—Abdomen apparently bandless, the thin hair-bands

on hind margins of segments being dark fuscous; sixth

segment dorsally with a rather conspicuous patch of dark

red hair; tuft of hair behind hind wings dark fuscous ;

median keel of clypeus very prominent.

Hab. New Hebrides; ‘‘ Epi, 1913, W. W. F.” (Froggatt

coll. 212).

It is rather illogical to call this isolated form a subspecies

rather than a species, but its characters are slight.

Pachyprosopis holoxanthopus, sp. u.

3 .—Length about 4°25 mm.

Robust ; head formed as in Euryglossa, broad but not

exceptionally large, black, very faintly metallic, with the

whole face up to level of antennz, and slender incon-

spicuous lines up anterior orbital margins, as well as the

labrum and mandibles, and spot on lower part of cheeks

next to base of mandibles, all bright chrome-yellow; an-

tenn only moderately long, entirely bright yellow; front

finely but distinctly punctured; thorax black, the meso-

thorax and scutellum obscurely purplish, irregularly and

inconspicuously punctured ; tegule pale testaceous. Wings

hyaline, stigma amber-colour, second s.m. high and narrow.

Legs entirely bright chrome-yellow. Abdomen broad, with

the basal half bright clear ferruginous, the apical half black

or nearly, with a faint metallic tint, the apical segment dark

reddish brown.

Hab. Yarrawin (Brewarrina), 1914 (Froggatt, 231 ¢).

Easily known from all other species by the bright red

basal half of abdomen, with yellow legs and antennez.

Euryglossa semirufa, sp. n.

9 .—Length about 5 mm.

Robust, thick-set, with hardly any pubescence; head and

470 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

thorax black, closely and very finely punctured; clypeus

(except a black band down each side), subeaneiform lateral

marks (ending abruptly above at level of autennz), and

large hat-shaped supraclypeai mark (notched above) pale

reddish yellow, the lower part of clypeus suffused with dull

red ; mandibles witha large pale yellow basal spot ; antennz

short, entirely clear ferruginous ; tubercles light reddish

yellow ; tegulz clear ferruginous. Wings hyaline, stigma

and nervures dull amber-colour ; second s.m. nearly square.

Legs (except coxze and trochanters) clear red, much of basal

half of hind tibiz very pale yellow. Abdomen broad and

short, dullish, with extremely fine punctures, clear ferru-

ginous without markings, except some black at extreme base

of first segment ; first segment beneath dark, with a broad

expanded hyaline margin.

Hab. Yarrawin (Brewarrina), 1914 (Froggatt, 222 c).

Distinct from all others by the black head and thorax,

with clear red abdomen. The clypeus is not depressed in

the middle as it is in #. albocuneata, Ckll., which is similar

in general form, but very different in markings.

Euryglossa rhodochlora, sp. u.

? .—Length about 9 mm.

A species of the rubricata group ; head dark bluish green,

the clypeus, supraclypeal area, labrum, and mandibles

black ; clypeus shining, sparsely but distinctly punctured,

with a strong median longitudinal depression ; scape black ;

flagellum dark brown above, light ferruginous beneath ;

mesothorax and scutellum shining, sparsely punctured ;

mesothorax red, blackened anteriorly, especially at sides;

scutellum and postscutellum black, rest of thorax dark blue-

green; pleura dullish, metathorax shining; tubercles

densely fringed with white hair; tegule pale testaceous.

Wings clear, nervures and stigma dusky reddish; second

s.m. much broader (longer) than high ; third discoidal cell

produced at end. Legs black, the knees reddish, the basi-

tarsi dark fuscous, the small tarsal joints dull ferruginous.

Abdomen with a sericeous surface, red, first segment dark

blue-green except narrow apical margin, second with a

transverse blue-green suffusion across disc, third more or

less metallic subapically and fourth at sides, fifth and apex

blue-green; venter dark, with more or less red at bases of

segments.

Hab. Yarrawin (Brewarrina), 1914 (Froggatt, 228 c).

Records of Bees. A71

Readily known from the other members of the rubricata

group by the dark legs and scutellum, &c.

Euprosopis elegans sydneyana (Ckll.).

3 ¢, Yarrawin (Brewarrina), 1914 (Froggatt, 232 c¢).

Prosopis sublateralis, sp. n.

6 .—Length about 44 mm.

Head black, with the mandibles, labrum, clypeus, supra-

elypeal mark, and large patch of similar form just above and

connected with it, and lateral face-marks (filling space be-

tween eyes and clypeus and supraclypeal area, and going

upwards as narrowing bands along inner orbits nearly to

level of lower edge of middle ocellus) all cream-colour ; face

narrow ; front very finely and closely punctured ; antenne

light ferruginous, the short scape cream-coloured in front,

the flagellum a little dusky above, joints quite normal ;

mesothorax, scutellum, axille, sides of prothorax, meso-

pleura, and an obscure patch at sides of metathorax all

terra-cotta red ; tubercles and two marks on upper border of

prothorax creamy-white ; other parts of thorax black ;

mesothorax dull, minutely punctured ; area of metathorax

semicircular, somewhat shining, irregularly wrinkled, bounded

by a beaded sulcus ; tegulz ferruginous, with a white spot.

Wings clear, nervures and stigma dark brown. Legs black,

with the anterior and middle knees, the anterior tibiz, the

middle tibiz at apex, hind tibiz broadly at base and slightly

at apex, and all the basitarsi creamy white; middle tibize

light ferruginous in front; small joints of anterior and

middle tarsi pallid, but of hind tarsi fuscous. Abdomen

with the first two segments and the base of the third terra-

cotta red, the rest black.

Hab. Yarrawin (Brewarrina), 1914 (Froggatt, 229 c).

The quite different area of metathorax indicates that this

cannct be the male of P. cenibera, Ckll. It is evidently very

close to P. /ateralis, Smith, but, considering the entirely

different locality and the various differences of size, markings,

&e., I feel confident that the two are not sexes of one species.

Prosopis coronatula, sp. n.

3 .—Length about 4 mm.

Head and thorax black ; face below antenne entirely

chalk-white, the lateral marks also extending upwards along

472 Mr. O. Thomas on

orbits, ending in a point at level of middle of front; supra-

clypeal mark sometimes notched in middle above, but not

tridentate ; labrum and mandibles white; antenne long,

light ferruginous, the flagellum somewhat dusky above, the

very short scape with a broad white band in front ; upper

border of prothorax (interrupted in middle) and tubercles

white ; front and mesothorax finely but distinctly punctured,

pleura with coarse punctures on a dull ground; area of

metathorax large, triangular, strongly wrinkled, shining;

tegule with a white spot. Wings hyaline, stigma and

nervures dark brown ; first r.n. meeting t.-c. Legs marked

nearly as in P. sublateralis, but most of anterior tibia light

ferruginous, middle and hind tibie dark fuscous, with base

and apex creamy white, all the tarsi pale. Abdomen bright

ferruginous, with apex broadly black.

Hab. Brewarrina, 1914 (Froggatt, 220c). Alsoaco-type,

Yarrawin (Froggatt, 221 c).

Close to P. coronata, but easily separated by the broadly

black end of abdomen &c. Also close to P. constricta, but

clypeus without the lateral black marks, supraclypeal mark

present, &c.

LIX.—Second List of Small Mammals from Western

Yunnan collected by Mr. F. Kingdon Ward. By O.p-

FIELD ‘'HOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In 1912 * I published a list of some small mammals collected

in the neighbourhood of A-tun-tsi, N.W. Yunnan, by

Mr. F. Kingdon Ward; and I am now able to supplement

this by giving a list of a second collection made in the same

little-known region. Some of the specimens were obtained

further westwards towards the Burmese frontier.

The collection has been presented to the National Museum

by the Hon. N. Charles Rothschild.

1. Tupaia belangeri chinensis, J. And.

g. Yung-chang-fu, W. Yunnan. 6000’.

* Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) ix. p. 513 (1912).

Small Mammals from Western Yunnan. 473

2. Parascaptor leucurus, Bly.

1 specimen. Su-ki, Salween Valley, lat. 27° 30! N. 7000’.

3. Neotetracus sinensis, Trouess.

1. Yang-pi, W. Yunnan. 7000!.

4. Sorex wardi fumeolus, Thos.

1, Pei-ma-shan, Mekong-Yangtze divide. 14,000/.

5. Mustela sibirica, Pall.

2. Immature. A-tun-tsi. 12,000.

6. Trogopterus sp., probably T. mordax, Thos.

Skin without skull or label.

7. Apodemus speciosus latronum, Thos.

3. A-tun-tsi. 12,000’.

8. Apodemus speciosus orestes, Thos.

4, Ka-gur-pu. 12,000!.

3. Chung-tien Plateau. 11,000’.

1. Doker-la. 12,000’.

Although 1 provisionally record these mice under the

trinomial names originally given them, their distribution

suggests that they bear to each other the same sort of rela-

tionship that in Europe occurs between A. flavicollis and

A, sylvaticus, larger and smaller species, otherwise closely

allied, found together over a considerable area.

9. Microtus irene, Thos.

. A-tun-tsi. 12,000.

. Mekong-Yangtse divide. 14,500.

. Ka-gur-pu. 15,100’.

kt OS

10. Microtus (Anteliomys) wardi, Thos.

8. Doker-la. 12,000’.

474 On Smali Mammals from Western Yunnan.

The following are the external measurements of a male of

this species, which was described from a skull only :—

Head and body 110 mm.; tail 61; hind foot 19; ear 14.

In colour JZ. wardi is quite like JL. chinensis, as was to

be expected.

11. Microtus (Anteliomys) custos, Thos.

1. A-tun-tsi. 12,000’.

12. Microtus (EHothenomys) melanogaster miletus, subsp. n.

3. 10 miles W. of Yang-pi, W. Yunnan. 7000!.

Near J. melanogaster eleusis, but bulkier throughout.

General external characters, including colour and the

ereater length of tail, as in the subspecies eleusis. Size,

however, somewhat greater.

Skull markedly larger and heavier than that of e/eusis, the

upper outline much more bowed, and the frontal height

therefore considerably greater. Interorbital region heavy,

convex, its edges not ridged. Brain-case smooth, the angles

and ridges little developed. Anterior palatine foramina more

widely open than in eleusis. Bulle slightly smaller.

Molars larger than in eleusis, but their structure quite as

in that form; m? similarly with four salient angles on its

inner side.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 114 mm.; tail 48; hind foot 19 ; ear 13.

Skull: condylo-incisive length 25; basilar length 22:2 ;

zygomatic breadth 15°6 ; nasals 7-6; interorbital breadth 4:5 ;

breadth of brain-case 12°4 ; height of forehead above alveolus

of m? 8:4; palatilar length 12; palatal foramina 5X18;

upper molar series (crowns) 672.

Hab. as above.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 14, 10. 23. 32. Original

number 34. Collected 28th February, 1914.

This vole has a skull so much larger and heavier than that

of either true melanogaster or the subspecies eleusis that it

might be thought distinguishable as a full species. But on

the analogy of the races of Microtus agrestis, as admitted by

Mr. Miller, we may for the present allow an equal range of

variation for AZ. melanogaster, especially as the distribution

of the group is probably continuous. ‘The difference in m’

which distinguishes e/eus’s and miletus from true melano-

gaster is also paralleled by that in m? characteristic of

Microtus agrestis exsul.

On new Mollusca from New Caledonia, Japan, &e. 475

The skull of JL (2) mucronatus, G. Allen, is of about

he same length as that of miéletus, but is less bowed above,

and m? is of the melanogaster, not the eleusis, pattern.

13. Ochotona roylei, Og.

1. Doker-la. 12,000!.

14. Ochotona tibetana, M.-Edw.

1. Doker-la. 12,000’.

LX.—Descriptions of new Mollusca from New Caledonia,

Japan, Philippines, China, and West Africa. By G. B.

Sowersy, F.L.8.

[Plate XIX.}

Clavatula denansi, sp.n. (Pl. XIX. fig. 1.)

Testa acuminato-fusiformis, pallide fulvo-fusca, nitens, utrinque

albide, parcim fusco maculata et longitudinaliter strigata; spira

elata, acuta, ad apicem minute papillaris; anfractus 10, con-

cavi, leves, supra et infra acute carinati, striis obscuris longi-

tudinaliter arcuatis sculpti; sutura haud impressa, sed lira

tenuissima instructa ; anfractus ultimus acute angulatus, supra

angulum valide concavus, infra angulum leviter convexus, deinde

constrictus, basim versus oblique striatus, bicarinatus ; rostrum

mediocriter productum. Apertura latiuscula, angulata; labrum

tenue, breviter bilobatum, postice late sinuatum; columella

rectiuscula, tenuiter albo callosa.

Long. 26, diam. maj. 10 mm.

Hab. Gorée, West Africa (Denans).

A shell of striking characters, remarkable chiefly for the

smooth concave declivity of the whorls. It bears some

resemblance to C. gravida, Hinds, but the angular keel

is not tubercled as in that species, the whorls above the

keel are more decidedly concave, and the sinus is broader.

I have only seen a single specimen of this species.

Conus egregius, sp.n. (PI. XIX. fig. 9.)

Testa minuta, solidiuscula, utrinque acuminata, aurantia, lineis

fuscis, angustis (cire. 5) equidistantibus ornata, ubique spiraliter

suleata ; spira elatiuscula, gradata ; anfractus angulati, ad angu-

lum linea fusca ornati; spira obtusa, papillaris.

Long. 4, diam. 1} mm.

A76 Mr. G. B. Sowerby on new

Hab. New Caledonia.

Although the smallest of Cones this little shell seems

sufficiently characteristic to have a name. Its colour is

brightish orange, neatly ornamented at intervals with narrow

brown lines, while the surface of the body-whorl is closely

spirally grooved throughout. It may be that this and the

following are the young of some larger species, but at present

I am quite unable to connect them with any known forms.

Conus vividus, sp.n. (Pl. XIX. fig. 8.)

Testa minuta, vivide violacea, ad angulum zona angusta albida

cingulata, ubique spiraliter sulcata, supra angulum planulata,

infra angulum levissime convexa, basim versus attenuata ; apice

prominens crassa, saturate purpurea.

Long. 5, diam. 23 mm.

Hab. New Caledonia.

This brightly coloured little shell, like the last, is closely

spirally grooved ; it is characterized by an almost flat top,

from which a prominent dark purple apex projects. I have

seen about a dozen specimens of this species, presenting

scarcely any variation in size, shape, or colour.

Mitra multisuleata, sp. n. (Pl. XIX. fig. 3.)

Testa elongato-fusiformis, fulvo-fusca; spira elata, acuta; an-

fractus 7, vix convexi, ubique spiraliter sulcati ; sulcis numerosis,

profundiusculis, leviter crenulatis, equaliter latis; sutura an-

guste canaliculata; anfractus ultimus § longitudinis teste

zequans, leviter convexus, basim versus leviter attenuatus.

Apertura elongata, intus alba; columella tenuiter albo-callosa,

quadriplicata, plicis validis, leviter obliquis; labrum crassius-

enlum valide crenulatum.

Long. 31, diam. 12 mm.

Hab. New Caledonia.

The only species with which I can compare this is M, riip-

pelli (Reeve), than which it is larger, more fusiform, and the

spiral grooves are more numerous. [| have before me several

specimens of the new species, presenting scarcely any varia-

tion, and all having about the same number of grooves.

Mitra glabrilirata, sp.n. (Pl. XIX. fig. 5.)

Testa parva, elongato-fusiformis, angusta, fusco-nitens; anfractus 7,

primi leves, rotundati, deinde rectiusculi, longitudinaliter costati ;

costis numerosis, leves; sutura impressa; anfractus ultimus 2

longitudinis teste equans, costis partim evanidis. Apertura

Mollusca from New Caledonia, Japan, Se. 477

breviuscula, labrum tenue, columella fusca, quadriplicata, plicis

anticis minutis, posticis prominens.

Long. 11, diam, 4 mm.

Hab. 1. Sibuyan, Philippines.

A small, narrow, straight-sided sliell with numerous close

smooth longitudinal ribs.

Mitra sibuyanensis, sp. n. (Pl. XIX. fig. 6.)

Testa parva, abbreviato-fusiformis, solidiuscula, fulvo-albida, ad

suturam fusca, zona fusca interrupta cincta ; spira conica, medio-

criter elata, subgradata; anfractus 5, superne leviter concavi,

inferne longitudinaliter crassicostati ; ‘anfractus ultimus 3 2 longi-

tudinis teste sequans, supra convexus, deinde leviter convexus,

longitudinaliter crassicostatus, spiraliter striatus, basim versus

leviter attenuatus. Apertura oblonga, mediocriter lata, eolu-

mella oblique rectiuscula, plicis 4 minutis munita; labrum

acutum, leviter sinuosum,

Long. oe diam. 2 mm.

Hab. 1. Sibuyan, Philippines.

Although not very striking in appearance, this little shell

does not seem to suggest a close comparison with any hither-

to known species, but in external form it may be said to have,

on a very small scale, some resemblance to J/, patriarchalis

(Lamk.).

Marginella bicatenata, sp.n. (PI. XIX. fig. 7.)

Testa pyriformis, crassa, polita, albida, maculis nigris parvis bi-

seriatim (postice et antice) ornata; spira obtusa, parum elata,

callosa; anfractus 4, convexiusculi, leves, nitentes; anfractus

ultimus postice convexus, rotundatus, vix angulatus, antice

attenuatus. Apertura elongata, mediocriter lata; columella

quadriplicata ; labrum crassiusculum, glabrum.

Long. 13, diam. 7 mm.

This pretty shell is unique as far as my knowledge goes.

Unfortunately I have no certain knowledge as to its habitat ;

but it was found in the collection of M. Denans without label,

and most likely it was among the many fine shells collected

by that gentleman at Gorée, West Africa.

Triphora hungerfordi, sp.u. (Pl. XEX. fig. 10.)

Testa sinistrorsa, elongato-acuminata, nigro-fusca; spira elata,

leviter convexa; anfractus 12, bi-seriatim pustulati; pustulis

rotundatis, glabratis, ineequalibus; anfractus ultimus brevius-

culus, circiter sex-seriatim pustulatus ; rostrum valide reflexum.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. Bh

478 Mr. G. B. Sowerby on new

Apertura subquadrata ; labrum tenue, minute crenulatum ;

columella obliqua.

Long..12, diam. 2; mm.

Hab. Hongkong.

In general form and appearance this shell differs but little

from small dark-coloured specimens of the Huropean T. per-

versa, but the nodulous spiral ridges are more unequal and

irregular, and not interrupted by longitudinal furrows.

A few specimens of this species were brought from Hong-

kong many years ago by the late Surgeon-Major R,

Hungerford, but until now it has remained nameless.

Turritella noumeensis, sp.n. (PI. XIX. fig. 4.)

Testa anguste turrita, pallide fuscescens, nigro-fusco balteata; an-

fractus 16, leviter convexi, spiraliter imequaliter multilirati,

longitudinaliter obscurissime arcuatim striati, sutura impressa

sejuncti; anfractus ultimus breve infra anguletus. Apertura

subquadrata ; columella brevis ; labrum tenue, late sinuatum.

Long. 27, diam. 6 mm.

flab. Noumea, New Caledonia.

This shell is rather like 7. fasciata (Menke), Reeve, Conch.

Teon. fig. 47, but the spiral keels are much narrower and more

numerous, and it is further distinguished by the broad sinuosity

of the lip.

Hahotis erebrisculpta, sp.n. (Pl. XIX. fig. 2.)

Testa oblonga, depressiuscula, extus pallide fusco-carneola, liris

spiralibus irregularibus numerosis profuse squamatis instructa,

laminis minutis acutis per-numerosis transversim sculpta, obtus-

issima angulata; foraminibus tubiferis, subamplis, quaternis

perviis; spira leviter exserta, angulata, ad angulum minute

tuberculata, infra angulum concava.

Long. 30, diam. 19 mm.

flab. New Caledonia.

This shell is distinguished by its peculiarly elaborate

sculpture. The concentric ridges are very numerous, pro-

fusely tubiferously scaled ; these, as well as the interstices,

are crossed throughout by very profuse sharp lamine.

Pitaria pygmea, sp.n. (PI). XIX. fig. 11.)

Testa parva, subovalis, compressiuscula, tenuis, albida, concentrice

creberrime striata ; umbones obtusiusculi, incurvati, ante medium

locati; lunula cordiformis, leviter impressa; margo dorsalis

anticus brevis, concavo declivis, posticus longior, declivis; lateribus

rotundatis. Pagina interna pellucida, levis; cardo normalis.

Latero-post. 9, umbono-marg. 4, crass. 4 mm,

Mollusca from New Caledonia, Japan, ce. 479

flab, New Caledonia.

A small thin shell of very simple form and character.

The surface looks smooth, but under the lens it is seen to be

closely concentrically striated.

Tellina roblini, sp.n. (Pl. XIX. fig. 16.)

Testa transversim elongata, albo-nitens, concentrice et parum

oblique irregulariter suleata; umbones obtusi, vix elevati, post

medium locati; margo dorsalis anticus leviter arcuatus, oblique

declivis, posticus subrecto declivis, brevior; latus anticum

rotundatum, posticum angulatum; ligamentum externum, breve.

Pagina interna glabra, pallide luteo tincta; dens cardinalis in

utraque valvis duo, lateralis elongatis, leviter elevatis.

Axtero-post. 13, umbono-marg. 8 mm.

Hab. New Caledonia.

A small white shining shell resembling 7. rhomboides

(Gaim.) in form, characterized by slightly oblique strie.

Macoma caledonica, sp.n. (PI. XIX. fig. 13.)

Testa subtrigona, compressiuscula, tenuis pellucide albida; utra-

que valya concentrice crebrisulcata; umbones acutiusculi, fere

eentrali; margo dorsalis utrinque declivis, ventralis arcuatus;

latus anticum rotundatum, posticum acuminatum. Jagina

interna alba, linea pallii latissime sinuata; dens cardinalis

minutissimis, lateralis nullis.

Antero-post. 12, umbono-marg. 8 mm.

Hab. New Caledonia.

A delicate little shell, elate at the umbones, and with the

dorsal margin sloping on each side. Although simple in

character, it does not seem to suggest near affinity with any

known species.

Macoma indifferens, sp.n. (Pl. XIX. fig. 15.)

Testa compresse ovalis, tenuis, sordide albida, concentrice irregu-

lariter striata, postice obscurissime angulata; umbones acuti, vix

prominens, leviter post medium locati; margo dorsalis anticus

arcuatus, posticus recto-declivis, ventralis arcuatus; latus anti-

cum rotundatum, posticum breviter truncatum. Pagina interna

alba, linea palliari latissime sinuata; dens cardinalis in utroque

valyz duo, lateralis nullis.

Antero-post. 37, umbono-marg. 28 mm.

Ilab. Manila, Philippines.

In torm this shell somewhat resembles JZ. nobilis (IIanley),

which is also a Philippine species, but it lacks the colour and

is not so distinctly concentrically suleated. It is still more

33*

480 On new Mollusca from New Caledonia, Japan, Sc.

like the Mediterranean JZ. cumana (Da Costa), but the con-

centric sulci are finer and closer, and the umbones somewhat

less prominent.

Cardium euglyptum, sp.n. (Pl. XIX. fig. 14.)

Testa transverse oblonga, albida, postice fusco maculata, costis

radiantibus circiter 35, confertis, creberrime arcuatim squamatis ;

umbones obtusiusculi, antice locati; margo dorsalis posticus

arcuatus, anticus truncatus ; area ligamenti elongato cordiformis.

Pagina interna radiatim obscure lirata, postice pulcherrime fusco

maculata, ad marginem crenulata.

Antero-post. 10, umbono-marg. 8 mm.

. Hab. N. Caledonia.

A pretty little shell with close-set radiating riblets, which

are closely crossed by small arched scales. The brown

markings on the posterior side show clearly and brightly in

the interior.

Sciniilla clausa, sp.n. (Pl. XIX. fig. 17.)

Testa transverse ovalis, compressiuscula, nitida, pallide carnea,

clausa, concentrice obscurissime et irregulariter concentrice striata ;

umbones acuti, vix elevati, antemedium locati; margo dorsalis

anticus breviter declivis, posticus longior, arcuatus, ventralis

parum arcuatus vel rectiusculus; lateribus rotundatis. Pagina

interna leviter rugosa, impressiones musculares trigono-elongatis,

linea palealis arcuata, haud sinuata.

Antero-post. 6, umbono-marg. 5 mm.

Hab. New Caledonia.

Compared with S. semzclausa, Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc.

1865, this shell is paler in colour, more oval in form, and

there is no hiatus between the valves.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIX.

Fig. 1. Clavatula denansi.

Fig. 2. Halvotis crebrisculpta.

Fig. 3. Mitra multisuleata.

Fig. 4. Turritella noumeensis.

Fig. 5. Mitra glabritirata.

Fog. "G: sibuyanensis.

Fig. 7. Marginella bicatenata,

Fig. 8. Conus vividus.

Ty. 9. egregius.

Fig. 10. Triphora hungerford,

Fig. 11. Pitarta pygmea.

Fig. 12. Voluta prevostiana, vay. clara.

Fig. 18. Macoma caledonica.

Fig. 14. Cardium euglyptum.

Fig. 15. Macoma indifferens.

Fig. 16. Tellina roblini.

Fig. 17. Scintilla clausa,

Notes on Voluta prevostiana and V. megaspira. 481

LXI.—WNotes on Voluta prevostiana, Crosse, and V. mega-

spira, Sowerby, with Description of a new Variety of the

Iormer. By G. B. Sowersy, F.L.S,

[Plate XIX, fig. 12.]

Voluta prevostiana, Crosse, Journ. de Conch. vol. xxvii. p. 42,

pi. Ie

Voluta lyreformis, Kiener, Coq. Viv., Voluta, p. 35, pl. xlii. fig. 2 (non

Brod. Zool. Journ. vol. iii. p. 83).

Voluta megaspira, Tryon, Journ, of Conch, vol. iv. p. 95 (non Sowerby,

Thes. Conch. vol. i. p. 208, pl. xlviii. figs. 31, 32).

This species, which has been erroneously confounded with

V. megaspira, is very distinct from it. The type of the

latter, exhibited in our National Collection, has quite a diffe-

rent form and calibre. In describing it my father remarks

that he had only seen a single specimen of the species ; and

now, after all these years, I must confess myself in the same

position, and, as far as my knowledge goes, the sliell remains

unique. No habitat is mentioned with the description, and

perhaps the species is not Japanese. Compared with V. pre-

vostiana the body-whorl is shorter in proportion to the spire,

the papillary apex is larger, the surface of the shell is smooth,

without the fine longitudinal laminge characteristic of Crosse’s

species, and, finally, it has five rather prominent folds on the

columella.

V. prevostiana, of which specimens have recently been

received from Japan, sent by Hirase, varies considerably in

size, but very little in form and general proportions, Our

smaller adult specimen measures 63 mm., and the largest I

have seen about 180 mm. in length. Crosse describes the

species as having four columella tolds, the two posterior ones

being very small and scarcely visible; this I find to be the

case with some, but in others the third and fourth are entirely

absent. All the specimens have one very prominent obliquely

sinuous fold, the second being much less prominent,

Among the shells received from Hirase is one so different

in appearance that I at first thought of giving it a specific

name, but have concluded to call it a variety.

Voluta prevostiana, Crosse, var. clara, Sowerby, var. n,

(P]. XIX. fig. 12.)

Shell of a delicate cream-colour throughout the exterior,

entirely destitute of colour-markings; aperture of a smooth

482 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on

pale" fawn-colour; columella with only one oblique fold,

above which upon very close examination the faintest possible

indication of a projection may be perceived.

The single columella fold has been regarded as a generic

character (Watson’s genus Guivillea). In the Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol v. p. 439, pl. x1. fig. 1 (1900), I described

a Voluta uniplicata, which it has been suggested should be

called a Guivillea ; but I find that the single fold is not even

a specific character.

LXI1.—Descriptions of new Species of Snakes in the Collection —

of the British Museum. By G. A. BouLencer, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Typhlops kenti.

Snout very prominent, with obtusely angular horizontal

edge and inferior nostrils. Rostral very large, extending to

the level of the eyes, the portion visible from below as long

as broad; nasal completely divided, the cleft proceeding

from the second labial; preocular present, narrower than the

nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third

labials ; eyes distinct ; supraoculars and parietals much larger

than the scales on the body ; four upper labials. Diameter

of body 67 times in the total length; tail as long as broad,

ending in a small spine. 18 scales round the body. Pale

brown above, yellowish beneath.

Total length 270 mm.

A single specimen from Northern Queensland, from the

collection of the late Mr. W. Saville Kent.

Allied to T. unguirostris, Peters, waitt?, Blgr., and affinis,

Blgr.

Typhlops vermis.

Snout very prominent, rounded ; nostrils lateral. Rostral

narrow, about one-fourth width of head; nasal completely —

divided, the cleft proceeding from the anterior subocular ;

two suboculars, separating the preocular and the ocular from

the labials ; eyes hidden; upper head-scales (prefrontal,

frontal, interparietal, supraoculars, and parietals) much larger —

than the scales on the body ; four upper labials. Diameter —

of body 35 to 45 times in the total length ; tail as long as

new Snakes in the British Museum. 483

broad, obtusely pointed, without spine. 18 scales round the

body. Colourless.

Total length 120 mm.

Several specimens from Bitye, 8. Cameroon, received from

Mr, G. L. Bates.

Allied to 7. mirus, Jan, from Ceylon.

Opisthotropis maxwell,

Snout short and broad, much depressed, not projecting.

Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above ;

internasals twice as long as broad ; nasal cleft extending

from the nostril to the first labial; a single prefrontal ;

frontal large, as broad as long, a little more than twice as

broad as the supraocular, much shorter than the parietals ;

loreal longer than deep ; two prae- and two postoculars ;

a very elongate anterior temporal; seven upper labials, fifth

entering the eye, seventh very long ; anterior chin-shields a

little larger than the posterior, in contact with five lower

labials. Scales in 17 rows, smooth on the nape, feebly

keeled on the body, rather strongly keeled towards the tail.

Ventrals 151; anal divided; subcaudals 56. Blackish

above, yellow beneath.

Total length 305 mm. .

A single female specimen from South Fokien, China,

presented by Mr. J. Preston Maxwell.

Closely allied to O. atra, Gthr., stated to be from West

Africa (habitat very doubtful). Distinguished by the longer

internasals, two preeoculars instead of one, and the shorter

body.

Contia africana,

Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above ;

suture between the internasals a little shorter than that

between the preefrontals ; nasal undivided; frontal twice as

Jong as broad, not much broader than the supraocular, longer

than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the

parietals ; loreal small, longer than deep; one preocular ;

two postoculars ; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third

and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact

with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than. the

posterior and in contact with each other in front. Scales

smooth,in l5 rows. Ventrals 162 ; anal divided ; subcaudals

69. Greyish brown above, with dark brown spots, the

largest of which form two alternating series on the anterior

484 On new Snakes in the British Museum.

part of the back ; a broad darker brown nuchal collar, nar-

rowly interrupted in the middle ; lower parts white.

Total length 400 mm. ; tail 100.

A single female specimen, collected by Mr. Willoughby P.

Lowe at Erkowit, Red Sea Province of the Soudan, and

presented to the British Museum by Mr. Abel Chapman.

This species, the first African representative of the genus

Contia, is most nearly related to C. fasciata, Jan, from Syria,

Persia, and Transcaspia.

Amblycephalus stanleyi.

Rostral slightly broader than deep, scarcely visible from

above ; internasals much shorter than the przfrontals, latter

entering theeye; frontal hexagonal, once and a half as long

as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout,

shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep, entering

the eye ; no preeocular; one postocular and two suboculars,

separating the eye from the upper labials ; temporals 2+3,

seven upper labials, last very long ; first lower labial forming

a short suture with its fellow behind the symphysial ; three

pairs of large chin-shields, the first longer than broad. Body

compressed. Scales in 15 rows, dorsals (5 or 7 rows) feebly

keeled. Ventrals 155; anal entire; subcaudals 57. Pale

buff above, yellowish white beneath ; a large black blotch on

the upper surface of the head, from behind the internasal

shields to the nape, where it divides into two longitudinal

bands ; more or less regular transverse series of black spots

on the body, some forming interrupted cross-bands; a black

streak on each side of the head, from the eye to the nuchal

band ; lower parts with black dots.

Total length 440 mm. ; tail 95.

A single male specimen from N.W. Fokien, China, pre-

sented to the British Museum by Dr. Arthur Stanley,

Curator of the Shanghai Museum.

We are now acquainted with twelve species of Ambly-

cephalus, which may be distinguished by means of the

following synopsis :—

I. A single shield (loreal) between the nasal and the eye.

A. One or two labials entering the eye; scales smooth.

1. Frontal at least as broad as long; symphysial in contact with

an azygous chin-shield ; ventrals 148-176.

Six ‘upper labile 2: 20.0 shoe eee eee A, levis, Boie.

Seven upper inbialsisth. Fae eae: ee A, malaccanus, Peters.

On the Spiny Mice of British East Africa. 485

2. Frontal longer than broad; no azygous chin-shield in contact

with the symphysial ; ventrals 175-194.

Symphysial in contact with a pair of chin-

_ shields; a preeocular below the loreal .. A. monticola, Cantor.

Tirst lower labial in contact with its fellow

behind the symphysial; no preocular.. A. vertebralis, Blgr.

B. Eye separated from the labials by suboculars; dorsal scales

feebly keeled ; first lower labial in contact with its fellow be-

hind the symphysial; ventrals 155. A. stanley?, Blgr.

II, Loreal separated from the eye by one or two preoculars ; eye sepa-

rated from the labials by suboculars,

A. Prefrontal entering the eye.

1, Ventrals 195-215; subcaudals 96-113; dorcal scales feebly

keeled,

Vertebral scales unicarinate ; eye surrounded

by four shields; a single anterior tem-

BOA ar dev iistleusdc eae et cae te A, hamptonii, Blgr.

Vertebral scales bicarinate; eye surrounded

by eight or nine shields; three super-

posed anterior temporals ............ A, nuchalis, Ble.

2. Ventrals 136-164; subcaudals 31-53,

a. Dorsal scales feebly keeled.

Frontal as long as the suture between the

ERMEORME Gm See ean cts Net xe os 2 _..+ A, macularius, Theob.*

Frontal shorter than the suture between the

Damas 6 as cs Ay wala yo2tt oot aiine «s A, andersonit, Bley.

6. Dorsal scales smooth .......... A, moellendorffi, Boettg.

B. Prefrontal excluded from the eye,

Dorsal scales smooth; ventrals 188........ A, margaritophorus, Jan.

Dorsal scales feebly keeled; ventrals 161-183. A. carinatus, Boie.

LXIII.—On the Spiny Mice of British East Africa, with a

Description of a new Species from Magadi. By Guy

DOLLMAN.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In the collection of mammals recently presented to the

British Museum by A. Biayney Percival, Esq., is a series

of Spiny Mice from Magadi, South Masailand District,

* A, modestus, Theob., is insufficiently characterized, and may be

identical with this species,

486 Mr. G. Dollman on the

British East Africa ; these specimens represent an entirely

new species, which is here described as

Acomys nubilus, sp. n.

About equal to Acomys wilson in size, but with longer tail

and very much darker in general colour.

Size of body less than in the ignitus and pulchellus groups,

more as in the short-tailed wilson? ; tail fairly long, measuring

fiom 65 to 67 mm. in length, and thus much longer than in

the other small species where the tail very rarely exceeds

50 mm. in length.

General colour of dorsal surface dark sepia-brown, slightly

speckled with buff, but not exhibiting the marked speckled

effect found in wilson’ and ablutus, Flanks pale buff

speckled with dark brown. Backs of hands and feet dirty

white. Entire underparts white.

Skull very much like that of wilson7, slightly larger

throughout, with a rather broader brain-case.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 83 mm.; tail 65 ; hind foot 14; ear 12.

Skull of type badly broken; the following dimensions

are those of another specimen, No. 1477, from the type-

locality : greatest length 25°4; condylo-incisive length 22-4;

zygomatic breadth 12; interorbital constriction 4°5 ; breadth

of brain-case 12; length of palatal foramina 5°8; length of

upper molar series 4.

This specimen (No. 1477) is exactly similar to the type

in general colour, but I have not been able to use it as a

type, since the tail is badly broken.

Type. Adult. Original number 1481. Collected June

14th, 1913.

This striking and distinct species is immediately dis-

tinguished from A. wilsoni by its very much longer tail and

darker colour; in general colour nubilus 1s darker than any

of the other East African Acomys, with the exception of the

slate-coloured percivali. It is a little difficult to decide to

which group this species belongs, and for the present it seems

most satisfactory to regard it as a link between the large

long-tailed ¢gnetus group and the small short-tailed wz/soni.

The following are the various forms of Acomys now

recognized in British Hast Atrica:—

1. Acomys ignitus, Dollm., originally described from speci-

mens collected by Mr. Kemp at Voi, has since been

found by Mr. Percival at various localities between

Voi and the coast. There are now before me specimens

Spiny Mice of British East Africa. 487

from the ‘l’aru Desert and Witu which are undoubtedly

true zgnitus. On the west this species was found by

Mr. W. P. Lowe on the Southern Guaso Nyiro and

Narossura Rivers in the Nyanza Province.

Acomys i. kemp?t, Dollm., has been recorded from many

localities along the Northern Guaso Nyiro; the

type-locality of this form is the Chanler Falls ;

Mr. Percival has collected hemp? all along the river as

far as the Lorian Swamp, and in the west he has

found it at Baringo and on the Larrogie Mountains and

Mathews Range.

Acomys t. montanus, Hell., is only known from the

specimens collected by Mr. Percival in the Marsabit

District.

Acomys percivali, Dollm., was first found on the Northern

Guaso Nyiro at the Chanler Fails. Since this discovery

Mr. Percival bas collected this conspicuous species on

wages

the Laikipia Plateau and on Mt. Urguess (Mt.

au .

Gargues).

Acomys pulchellus, Dollm., type-locality Chanler Falls,

Northern Guaso Nyiro, has been collected by Mr. Perci-

val at Lasamis on the Marsabit Road ; a specimen from

as far north as Mt. Nyiro seems also to belong to this

species.

Acomys nubilus, Dollm., is known only from the specimens

collected by Mr. Percival at Magadi.

Acomys wilsoni, Thos., originally described from Mombasa,

has since been collected at Kitui, Voi, Taveta, Teita

Hills, ‘l'savo River, Yata Plains, Mazeras, Taru Desert,

Sagala, and the Witu Forest.

Acomys w. ablutus, Dollm., a close ally of the above, was

founded ona series of specimens obtained by Mr. Kemp

at Nyama Nyango, on the Northern Guaso Nyiro.

These eight forms may be arranged for identification as

llows :—

A. Tail long, more than 75 mm. in length.

a, Size of body large (head and body about

100 mm. in length).

a’. Colour of dorsal surface bright orange-

BULOURY Sees eh Fe ee oe. ee eo eee wgnitus,

b'. Colour of dorsal surface pale greyish sandy

aut’ « area ekis o6 vad Wa desis <b deed Os « 1. kempy.

ce’. Colour of dorsal surface dark vinaceous

UPHM ee eat ot. eas oa Ao Bota dows bs ‘, montanus,

488 Mr. G. Dollman on Two

b. Size-of body smaller (head and body about

90 mm. in length).

a’. Dorsal surface pale greyish buff; under-

parts pure white. Spines slender ...... pulchellus.

b'. Dorsal surface slate-grey ; underparts dirty

erey, never pure white. Spines coarse .. percivali.

B, Tail short, never more than 70 mm. in length.

a, Tail more than 60 mm. in length (average

length 66). General colour of back dark

Sepla-brOwnh |. .'s.n..pscbel es SSeS EE Ab Ere eee nubilus.

b. Tail less than 60 mm. in length (average length

50 mm.).

a’, General colour bright rufous orange speckled

with bIOWD.o\s osu ae eh ee sees eee ee wilsont.

b', General colour drab-brown speckled with

pale buff. Size rather smaller .......... w. ablutus,

LXIV.—Two new Pigmy Gerbils from British East Ajrica.

By Guy DoLLMAN.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Dipodillus percivali, sp. n.

Intermediate in size between Dipodillus diminutus, Dollm.,

and D. harwoodi, ‘Thos.

General colour of dorsal surface rather richer than ‘in

diminutus, on the back the effect is almost as rich as in the

paler on the flanks (between “ochraceous tawny ”’ and

‘‘cinnamon”’). Backs of hands and feet and ventral surface

of body white. Tail like that of harwoodi.

Skull considerably larger than that of diminutus, but not

as large as in the Naivasha species.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 78 mm.; tail 102; hind foot 20;

ear 11.

Skull: greatest length 23°7; basilar length 16°8 ; length

of nasals 8°53 zygomatic breadth 12°2; interorbital con-

striction 4; breadth across brain-case 11°5; length of

anterior palatal foramina 4°3; length of upper cheek-teeth

(from front alveolar border to back of last molar) 3°6.

Hab. Voi, British East Africa. Altitude 2500 feet.

Type. Adult female. Original number 1544. Collected

and presented to the British Museum by A. Blayney

Percival, Esq.

Pigmy Gerbils from British East Africa. 489

This Voi Dipodillus is evidently more nearly related to

the northern form D. diminutus, from the Northern Guaso

Nyiro than to the Naivasha species, D. harwoodi. In

general dimensions it is intermediate between these two

species and in colour rather richer and brighter than

diminutus.

This handsome little Gerbil I have named after the col-

lector, Mr. Blayney Percival, the value of whose field-work

in British East Africa it would be difficult to exaggerate.

Dipodillus luteus, sp. n.

Allied to D. harwoodi, Thos., but distinguished by its very

much duller and paler colour.

Size of body as in harwood’, tail rather shorter.

General colour of dorsal surface dirty drab-buff, near

‘‘tawny-olive ” (Ridgway, 1912), washed over with greyish

brown, the resulting effect very much paler and more sub-

dued than in harwoodi. Backs of hands and feet and under

surface of body white.

Skull slightly larger, with broader nasals and wider brain-

case.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 74 mm.; tail 94 ; hind foot 21; ear 10.

Skull: greatest length 26°5; basilar length 19°3; zygo-

matic breadth 13°5*; interorbital constriction 5:4 ; breadth

of brain-case 12°8; length of anterior palatal foramina 5;

length of upper cheek-teeth (from front alveolar border to

back of last molar) 4.

Hab, Southern Guaso Nyiro, Nyanza Province, British

East Africa. Altitude 6500 feet.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 13. 10. 18.65. Original

number 118. Collected by W. P. Lowe, Esq., on November

29th, 1912, and presented to the British Museum by G. P.

Cosens, Esq.

The pale drab colour of this form immediately separates it

from harwoodi, diminutus, and percival?.

We thus have four species of the genus Dipodillus in

British East Africa:—(.) D. diminutus, from the Northern

Guaso Nyiro (altitude 3200 feet); (ii.) D. percivali, from

Voi (altitude 2500 feet) ; (i1.) LD). harwood?, from Naivasha

(altitude 6300 feet) ; and (iv.) D. luteus, from the Southern

Guaso Nyiro (altitude 6500 feet).

* Approximate

490 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse on

LXV.—On a new Anomalurus from the Cameroons.

By Guy Do.imay.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Anomalurus frasert griselda, subsp. n.

Related to Anomalurus frasert nigrensis, Thos., but general

colour very much paler.

Size of body as in the other members of this group.

General colour of back slate-grey, washed with brownish

yellow. Muzzle, head, sides of neck, flanks, and hind-

quarters pale ashy grey ; light markings on shoulders very

pronounced, Ventral surface of body washed over with

pale grey; in n7grensis the belly is pure white.

Skull larger than that of nigrensts, with longer nasals

and larger teeth.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 345 mm.; tail 245; hind foot 62 ;

ear 37.

Skull: greatest length 61; basilar length 47:7; zygo-

matic breadth 39; greatest length of nasals 16:5; palatilar

leneth 23°35; length of upper cheek-teeth 13°6.

Hab. Bitye, South Cameroons. Altitude 2000 feet.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 14. 7. 23. 44. Original

number 726. Collected by Mr. G. L. Bates on February

25th, 1914.

The light-coloured head, shoulders, flanks, and_hind-

quarters render this Cameroon Anomalurus quite distinet

from the allied forms.

LXVI.—Descriptions of new Species of Cyphogastra (Coleo-

ptera, Buprestidae). By Cuas. O. Wareruovse, I.S.0.,

F.E.S.

Tue Natural History Museum has recently received a speci-

men of the genus Cyphogastra, which agrees in most respects

with Capitaine Kerremans’ diagnosis of C. aterrima (Ann.

Soc. Ent. Belge, lv. p. 297, 1911). He says that it is intense

black, and differs, moreover, from C. ventricosa, with which

he compares it, in wanting the subhumeral spot on the elytra.

new Spectes of Cypiogastra. 491

C. ventricosa has usually two vitte at the apex of the elytra;

the sutural one, however, is sometimes, though rarely, absent.

The Museum specimen has only one lateral yellow vitta at

the apex of the elytra. I can only suppose that Kerremans

has compared aferrima with the variety of ventricosa, in

which the sutural vitta is absent, or that in aferrima the

sutural vitta is sometimes absent as in ventricosa, They are

hardly likely to be distinct species.

While determining this species, I have noticed the two

following species, which appear to be undescribed.

Cyphogastra bicolor, sp. n.

Capite cyaneo; thorace lete cyaneo-viridi, utrinque fovea magna

flavo-pilosa ; elytris lete purpureo-cupreis, evidenter punctulatis,

ad apicem cyaneis ; corpore subtus viridi, flavo-pulverulenti.

Long. 27, lat. 8-5 mm.

Hab. 8.E. New Guinea.

Head very dark blue, with a little dark green near the

eyes ; convex with a rather small, deep, elliptical fovea

between the eyes. Thorax bright bluish green, the anterior

angulation of the sides very obtuse, not prominent, not

thickened ; the sides subparallel, only very slightly widening

towards the hind angles, which are very slightly prominent,

convex and coarsely punctured. The median channel

moderately deep, with a single line of small punctures. The

disk with few punctures. The lateral impression large,

shallow, leaving a small sub-equilateral area at the hind

angles, merging in front of the lateral angulation into two

small impressions; all the impressed parts filled with yellow

powder. Elytra bright coppery with a slight purple shade,

distinctly but not strongly punctured (the punctures at the

base rather larger), rather broader behind the middle than

at the base, then gradually narrowed towards the apex, the

apex very slightly widened and gently compressed, denti-

culate, the sutural angle acute. The apex is dark blue,

bordered with green basally.

Body beneath bright golden green, more or less clothed

with yellow powder, which forms spots on the abdomen.

There is nothing in the British Museum with which I can

compare this. The very wide shallow lateral impressions

leave only a very small triangular space at the hind angles.

I propose placing it near C. apicalis, Kerrem., but the

elytra are slightly more pisciform at apex.

492 On new Species of Cyphogastra.

Cyphogastra suffusa, sp. n.

Capite thoraceque cyaneo-nigris; elytris evidenter punctatis,

purpureo-cupreis, ad basin zeneo suffusis, vittis brevibus et apice

cyaneis ; corpore subtus eeneo, griseo-pulverulento.

Long. 25-29, lat. 8-9 mm.

Hab. S.E. New Guinea.

Head with a deep triangular impression in front, occu-

pying nearly the whole width between the eyes, gradually

uarrowed to the vertex. Thorax with scarcely any trace

of punctuation on the disk, strongly punctured at the

sides ; the Jateral anterior angulation very obtuse, not

projecting, the sides behind this parallel, the posterior

angles not projecting. The central channel not very deep,

impunctate. The lateral impression is deep (filled with

yellow powder) consisting of two confluent portions (some-

what as in cyanipes, apicalis, &c.), the anterior portion

transverse, the posterior part vertical, leaving a raised area

at the posterior angle, the anterior angle of which is acute

and projecting obliquely into the impression. There are

the usual anterior impressions, one at the anterior angle and

the other between this and the raised disk. The elytra

are scarcely wider behind the middle than at the base,

narrowed to the apex, where they are only very slightly

compressed, denticulate, the sutural tooth scarcely more

prominent than the others. The general colour is not very

bright coppery, becoming darker and slightly more purple

towards the apex, the basal area suffused with an obscure

brassy shade; the region near the scutellum cyaneous with

coppery punctures. The extreme base has three short

cyaneous cost, the one nearest to the scutellum the longest.

The under side is brownish zeneous, sparingly clothed with

greyish-yellow powder, which leaves the middle of the

abdomen and some lateral spots smooth and shining. Legs

cyaneous above, brownish-zeneous below.

This may be placed near C. cyanipes, Kerrem., from which

it differs in colour, in having the lateral angulation of the

thorax more obtuse and less prominent. The punctuation

of the elytra is much less strong throughout and is very

delicate posteriorly. The elytra in C. cyanipes (type) do not

show the three short cyaneous cost at the base as in this

species. The colour below is the same.

On a new Crab of the Genus Calappa. 493

LXVII.—A new Crab of the Genus Calappa from West

Africa. By W.T. Carman, D.Sc.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

A sMAtt but very interesting collection of Crustacea obtained

by trawling off Lagos, West Africa, has recently been pre-

sented to the British Museum (Natural History) by Mr. J.

Cadman, of the Western Fisheries, Ltd. Among them are

five specimens of a crab that appears to differ from any

species hitherto described.

Calappa piscatorum, sp. n.

Carapace about four-fifths as long as wide, very convex ;

the longitudinal grooves well marked, surface smooth, except

for a few low and ill-defined tubercles anteriorly and scat-

tered granules near the posterior margin. Lateral expan-

sions small, formed of acutely triangular teeth, which are

not distinctly keeled on the upper surface ; laterally there

are three teeth, which are continued without any well-

marked limit by the more obtuse teeth of the antero-lateral

margin, becoming obsolete anteriorly ; posteriorly are three

more acute and well-separated teeth on each side, the !ast

pair directed backwards, bounding the true hind margin,

which is beaded and convex or obscurely angled in the

middle.

Front projecting well beyond the orbits, with a deep exca-

vation, the distance between the points about equal to two-

thirds the width of the orbit.

Endostomial septum convex anteriorly.

Crest of the merus four-lobed, each lobe with a sharp

point, the anterior lobe acute and turned forwards. Outer

surface of palm with blunt tubercles and scattered granules

between them ; crest of palm with five palisade-like teeth

and three blunt tubercles; tooth at proximal end of lower

border sharp, but not spiniform.

Dimensions of carapace in millimetres :—

‘= 5 ae) « 3 . d . 3 .

Length. ..idscewe 77°0 74:0 72°5 69° 68°5

Breadth... d= <a 96°0 95°0 93°0 865 86-0

Locality. ** Off Lagos, West Africa. Mud bottom.”

Remarks. In general aspect this species approaches the

Mediterranean and West-African C. granulata (Linn.), but

differs from it and from all the other species of which speci-

mens are available for comparison in the very large and

backwardly directed teeth on the hinder margin of the

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xiv. at

A494 - Geological Society.

carapace. According to the figure given by Brito Capello

(Jorn. Sci. Lisboa, mi. 1871, pl. ii. fig. 2), C. guerini some-

what resembles it in the disposition, although not in the

size, of these teeth. Alcock suggests (J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,

Ixv, (2) 1896, p. 144) that C. guerini is based on a young

specimen of C. dophos, but the specimens here described are

too large for this character to be due to immaturity.

Calappa piscatorum, sp. n., ¢. Outline of carapace. Natural size.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

June 24th, 1914.—Dr. A. Smith Woodward, F.R.S., President,

in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

to}

‘The Paradoxidian Fauna of a part of the Stockingford Shales.’

By Vincent Charles Iling, B.A., F.G.S.

This communication deals mainly with a small subdivision of the

Stockingford Shales occurring at the base of the Oldbury division.

The beds have been termed the Abbey Shales, and are about

100 feet thick, consisting mainly of blue laminated shales, although

glauconitie sandy horizons occur at frequent intervals. This small

subdivision passes down into the Purley Shales, while it is separated

from the overlying shales (which are probably of Lower Maentwrog

age) by a calcareous conglomerate lying upon an eroded surface of

Geological Society. " aap

the underlying blue shales, although the irregularity of the eroded

surface does not appear to be great in the somewhat poor exposures.

The beds have been examined in a series of trenches situated

near the Abbey Mound in Hartshill Hayes, and have yielded over

fifty different species of trilobites—each ranging through one or

more of about fifteen fossiliferous horizons in the sequence. The

fauna shows marked affinities with those of the equivalent beds in

Wales, Scandinavia, and Bohemia, and the following subdivision

into zones has been attempted :—

Horizon.

G3-G1 ..................... Upper P.-davidis Fauna.

F3-Fl ...................... Lower P.-davidis Fauna.

EK 3-E 1 (pars) tessesseeees Hartshillia Fauna.

El (pars)-D1 ............. Upper hicksii Fauna.

C3-Bl ................/..... Lower hicksti Fauna.

eV 7. Wi (ee ae P.-aurora Fauna.

The importance of the ce Shales lies in the possibility which

they afford of a close correlation between the Swedish and British

Paradoxidian faunas, for the intermediate geographical position is

accompanied by an intermediate type of fauna forming a link

between these two well-known areas.

The following is a brief summary of the correlation that

appears to agree best with the available evidence :—

SoutH WALES. HARTSHILL. SCANDINAVIA.

( Upper P.-davidis Fauna. P.-davidis Zone.

P.-davidis Zone. } Lower P.-davidis Fauna. P.-davidis Zone.

en illia-inflata Fauna. C.-xqualis Sub-zone.

Re Upper hicksii Fauna. |

P.-hicksii Zone. ve Agnostus-parvifrons Sub-zone. | 8

Lower hicksii Fauna. f 3

| §

P.-awrora Zone, P.-awrora Fauna. Ct.-ersulans Sub-zone (pars). J

In addition, the evidence suggests that the Upper Purley Shales

correspond to the rest of the C¢.-ersulans Zone and also to the

P.-dlandicus Zones of Sweden.

The Abbey Shales appear to have been deposited in rather a

shallow open sea, in which slight changes in conditions introduced

marked variations in the rock-types. Corresponding to these

alternating physical conditions there occur alternations of faunas—

a good example being afforded by Agnostus rex, found in the coarse

shales, and A. cf. intermedius, found in the blue shale.

Towards the close of the Middle Cambrian Period excessive

shallowing of the water introduced a period of marine erosion—

causing a “break in the sedimentary sequence with the elimination

of the equivalents of the P.-forchhammeri Zone, and probably a

portion of the P.-davidis Zone. This break appears to have ex-

tended over a large part of Great Britain, attention being drawn

to the fact that none of the characteristic forms which occur

exclusively in the rich P.-forchhammeri Zone of Scandinavia have

been noted from any locality in Great Britain.

wassey

496

INDEX to VOL. XIV.

ACANTHINOTHRIPS, new species of,

378.

Acomys, new species of, 486.

Adapsilia, new species of, 157.

AMolothrips, new species of, 375.

/Ethaloptera, on the head

mouth-parts in, 22.

Agaocephala, new species of, 276.

Amblycephalus, new species of, 484.

Ampulex, new species of, 249.

Anactinothrips, new species of, 379.

Anasterias, note on the genus, 15.

Andrena, new species of, 9.

Aneurystypus, new species of, 272.

Annelida, new, 145; on, from the

North Sea, 289.

Anomalurus, new subspecies of, 490,

Anthidium, new species of, 455.

Anthoglossa, new species of, 59,

Anthophora, new species of, 12,

463.

Aphonoproctus, new species of, 263.

Apodemus, on British forms of,

117.

Archidux, new species of, 422.

Arrow, G. J., on lvmellicorn beetles

of the subfamily Dynastinze, 257,

360.

Aspidodrilus, characters of the new

eenus, 151.

Asterias vestita, Say, note on, 21.

Azarelius, new species of, 315,

Bagnall, R. S., on new thysanoptera,

378,

Barbus, new species of, 385.

Barilius, new species of, 384.

Bather, Dr. F. A., on the Devonian

crinoid Cupressocrinus townsendi,

397.

and

Batrachians, new, 102.

Baylis, H. A., on a new genus of

avian cestodes, 414.

Beamys, new species of, 428.

Betousa, new species of, 111.

Bezzi, Prof. M., on Indian Pyrgotine,

155.

Binary nomenclature, on, 134.

Birds, new, 320.

Blair, K. G.,on the genus Azarelius,

315; on two new species of P,, ro-

chroide, 317.

Boettger, C. R., on the local races

of some Canarian lizards, 67.

Books, new :—Suter’s Manual of

the New Zealand Mollusea, 188;

G. A. and G. L. Boulenger’s Ani-

ma! Life by the Sea-shore, 208.

Boulenger, G. A., on three new

fishes from 8. Cameroon, 383; on

two new fishes from Northern

Rhodesia, 385; on new species of

snakes, 482.

Boycott, A. E., on the apparent ab-

sence of sexual characters in the

shell of Neritina fluviatilis, 369,

Brabourne, Lord, on the genus

Crypturus, 319.

Brachylepas, note on species of, 169.

Bradysaurus, characters of the new

genus, 101.

Burbunga, new species of, 62.

Burr, Dr. M., on the wing-venation

in the Dermaptera, 78; on new

species of Forficularia, 420.

Calantica, notes on species of, 192.

Calappa, new species of, 495.

Calman, Dr. W. T.,on a new crab

of the genus Calappa, 493,

IN DEX.

Calyozina, new species of, 245.

Campion, H., on new species of

Ceriagrion from West Africa, 277,

Cardium, new species of, 480,

Ceriagrion, new species of, 278.

Cestodes, on a new genus of avian,

414,

Chalcides, on the species of, of the

western Canaries, 75.

Charagia, new species of, 282.

Chronus, characters of the

genus, 285.

Chubb, C., on the genus Crypturus,

319.

Clavatula, new species of, 475.

Cirripedes, on cretaceous and ter-

tiary, referred to Pollicipes, 167.

Cockerell, T. D. A., descriptions and

records of bees, 1, 39,49, 361, 464.

Ceelioxys, new species of, 457.

Coleoptera, new, 257, 283, 315, 317,

490.

Colletes punctipennis, note on, 11.

Collinge, W. E., on a new Indian

terrestrial isopod, 206.

Contia, new species of, 483.

Conus, new species of, 475,

Coptosoma, new species of, 334.

Cosmoscarta, new species of, 327,

Cranopygia, new species of, 425.

Crustacea, new, 167, 206, 493.

Cryptasterias, note on the genus, 21.

Crypturus, key to the species of, 319 ;

new species of, 320.

Culcitopsis, characters of the new

genus, 21,

Cummings, Bruce F., on the charac-

ters of the head and mouth-parts

in Plectrotarsus and Afthaloptera,

22.

Cupressocrinus townsendi, note on,

397.

Cyclocephala, new species of, 274.

Cyclopodia, on Oriental species of,

222.

Cyphogastra, new species of, 491.

Cyphonistes, new species of, 262.

Dasygnathus, new species of, 268.

Dermaptera, on the wing-venation

in the, 72.

Deroca, new species of, 107.

Dicrana, new species of, 422.

Dicynodon, new species of, 95.

Diemeniana, new species of, 325,

Diplatys, new species of, 420.

Dipodillus, new species of, 488.

Diptera, new, 153, 209, 359, 388.

new

497

Distant, W. L., on some undescribed

Cicadide, 61; on new Cicadidse

from California, 165; rhynchotal

notes, 323; on new rhynchota

from Borneo, 333.

Dolium, new species of, 37.

Dollman, G., on a new African squir-

rel, 152; on new species of

Beamys from Nyasaland, 428;

on the spiny mice of British E.

Africa, 485; on two new Pigmy

gerbils, 488; on a new Anoma-

lurus from the Cameroons, 490,

Drepana, new species of, 106,

Dynastine, on the subfamily, 257-

360.

Ebhul, new species of, 337.

Netemnonotum, new species of, 330,

Elis, new species of, 246.

‘mbrithosaurus, characters of the

new genus, 101,

Eophileurus, new species of, 259,

Ephutomorpha, new species of, 434,

Euborellia, new species of, 424.

Eucampsipodia hyrtli, note on, 228,

Eunice, notes on species of, 300.

Kuryglossa, new species of, 7, 56,

469.

Euryglossina, new species of, 7.

Kutrochus, new species of, 37.

Fishes, new, 31, 65, 383, 385.

Fissuridea, new species of, 37,

Forticularia, notes on the, 78, 420.

Fulton, H., on a new genus of Endo-

dontide, 163.

Gambusia, new species of, 67.

Geological Society, proceedings of

the, 140, 494.

Gibbula, new species of, 34,

Gnathoprosopis, new species of, 55.

Gorytes, new species of, 251,

Hahn and Koch’s Die Arachniden,

on the dates of publication of, 143,

Halictus, new species of, 2, 8, 365.

Haliotis, new species of, 478.

Hampson, Sir G. F., on new genera

and species of Drepanide and

Thyridide, 103.

Heterophalius, characters of the new

genus, 60,

Heteroptera, new, 323, 333.

Hinton, M. A. C., on British forms

of Apodemus, 117.

Hister, new species of, 286.

Histeridze, new, 283.

Holurothrips, characters of the new

genus, 376,

498

Homoptera, new, 61, 165, 325, 335.

Hoplitis, new species of, 363.

Hyalineecia tubicola, note on, 309.

Hyalostola, characters of the new

genus, 107.

Hymenoptera, new, 2, 39, 49, 255,

245, 337, 361, 434, 450, 464; notes

and synonymy of, in the collection

of the British Museum, 402.

Hypolamprus, correction to generic

name, 110.

Hypopomus, new species of, 32.

Idioprosopis, characters of the new

genus, 451.

Idioschema, characters of the new

genus, 262,

Idolopsalis, new species of, 426.

Illing, V. C., on the Paradoxidian

fauna of the Stockingford Shales,

494,

Ischalia, new species of, 318.

Ischnoccelia, new variety of, 459.

Isodon, new species of, 270.

Jackson, J. W., on the apparent

absence of sexual characters in the

shell of Neritina fluviatilis, 369.

Joicey, J. J., on a new Ginetus from

New Guinea, 2%2.

Labidiastrella, definition of the new

generic name, 16.

Lacerta, new subspecies of, 71.

J.eeuwenia, new species of, 377.

Lepidoptera, new, 103, 282.

Leptasterias, note on the genus, 13.

Leptataspis, new species of, 330.

Leptothyra, new species of, 34.

Lewis, G., on new species of His-

teride, 283.

Ligyrus, new species of, 273.

Lima, new species of, 38.

Lithurgus, new species of, 1, 469.

Lizard’s skull, on the bones of the

temporal region of the, 84.

Linnberg, Dr. E., on binary nomen-

clature, 134.

Lumbriconereis, notes on species of,

299.

Lutra, new species of, 59.

Macoma, new species of, 38, 479.

Macrocalymma, new species of, 459.

Mammals, new, 57, 123, 152, 240,

381, 410, 428, 474, 485, 488, 490.

Margasus, new species of, 325.

Marginella, new species of, 477.

Mastacembelus, new species of, 386.

Meade-Waldo, G., notes and syno-

nymy of hymenoptera in the

INDEX.

collection of the British Museum,

402, 450.

Megachile, new species of, 2, 456,

464,

Melanomys, new species of, 243.

Melissodes, new species of, 361.

Merinjakia, characters of the new

genus, 333,

Metadrepana, characters of the new

genus, 104.

Microtus, new subspecies of, 474.

Mitra, new species of, 476.

Mollusca, new, 32, 163, 475, 481.

hymenoptera in the collection of

the British Mnseum, 402.

Mormyrus, new species of, 384.

Muller, L., on the local races of

some Canarian lizards, 67; on a

ney species of Pipa from Brazil,

Mutillide of Western Australia and

Tasmania, on the, 429.

Myomyrus, new species of, 388.

Nasua, new species of, 57.

Natica, new species of, 35.

Neodelia, characters of the new

genus, 335. .

Nereis, notes on species of, 293.

Nerita, new species of, 36.

Neritina fluviatilis, on the apparent

absence of sexual characters in the

shell of, 369.

Nesogaster, new species of, 427.

Newton, EK. T., on mammalian re-

-mains from La Colombiére, 140.

Noakes, A., on a new CEnetus from

New Guinea, 282.

Nomenclature, on binary, 154,

Novapus, new species of, 271.

Nycteribia parilis, Walker, remarks

on, 230.

Nycteribiide, on

209.

Nysson, new species of, 253,

Octopetalum, characters of the new

genus, 415.

Odonata, new, 277.

Okanagana, new species of, 165,

Onuphis, note on species of, 805,

Onychionyx, characters of the new

genus, 265,

Opisthotropis, new species of, 483.

Oreta, new species of, 103.

Orneostoma, new species of, 116.

Oryzomys, new species of, 241.

Osmia, new subspecies of, 363.

some Oriental,

INDEX.

Oxymycterus, new species of, 244,

Pachycreerus, new species of, 287.

Pachyprosopis, new species of, 469.

Papuana, new species of, 264,

Paracolletes, new species of, 5, 40.

Paralastor, new species of, 235.

Paranysson, new species of, 341.

Parapiagetia, new species of, 256.

Parasphecodes, new species of, 49.

Paraxerus, new species of, 152.

Pariasaurians, on the nomeuclature

of the 8. African, 98.

Pauropsalta, new species of, 63.

Penicillidia, new species of, 214.

Perkins, Dr. R. C. is on new species

of Paralastor from 8. W. Australia,

235.

Pharotis, characters of the new

genus, 881.

Phoxothrips, new species of, 380.

Phymatostetha, new species of, 326.

Pipa, new species of, 102.

Pisachoides, definition of the new

generic name, 333,

Pitaria, new species of, 478.

Placosternum, new species of, 323.

Placunanomia, new species of, 58.

Plagiosella, new species of, 108.

Platypleura, new species of, 61.

Platysoma, new species of, 284.

Plectrotarsus, on the head and

mouth-parts in, 22.

Pleurosaurus, note on the skull of,

84.

Podasterias, note on the genus, 14.

Poedasterias, note on the genus, 15,

Poraniella, characters of the new

genus, 19.

Poranisca, characters of the new

genus, 19.

Porcellio, new species of, 207.

Pristocera, new species of, 245,

Proechimys, new subspecies of, 60.

Prosopis, new species of, 4, 53, 56,

364, 471.

Pryde, J. W.,on Annelida Polycheta

from the North Sea, 289.

Psammocbares, notes on species of,

247.

Pseudopyrochroa, new species of,

317.

Pseudoryctes, new species of, 271.

Pycna, new species of, 62.

Pycnolepas, characters of the new

genus, 170.

Pygoplatys, new species of, 330.

Pyrgotinz, on Indian, 153.

499

Pyrilla, new species of, 326,

Pyrochroide, new, 317.

Regan, C. Tate, on fishes from the

Condoto River, 51; on two new

cyprinodont fishes from Mexico,

65,

Reptiles, new, 71, 95, 482.

Rhegaster, notes on species of, 17.

Rhodoneura, new species of, 111.

Ricardo, Miss G., on a new species

of Tabanus from India, 359; on

the Tabanidse of the Australian

region, 387.

Saccopteryx, new species of, 410.

Scillalepas, note on species of, 198.

Scintilla, new species of, 480.

Sciurus, new wubapecith of, 240.

Scott, H., on some Oriental Nycteri-

biidee, 209,

Conpmeptarey, note on the genus,

267.

Sericophorus, new species of, 352.

Sherborn, C. D., on the dates of

publication of Hahn and Koch’s

* Die Arachniden, 143.

Sicydium, new species of, 33.

Sigmomys, new species of, 412.

Solarium, new species of, 36.

Sowerby, G. B., on new Japanese

mollusca, 338; on new mollusca

from New Caledonia, Japan,

Philippines, China, and West

Africa, 475; on Voluta prevosti-

ana and V. megaspira, 481.

Spath, L. F., on the development of

Tragophylloceras loseombi, 142.

Sphodrotes, new species of, 346.

Spilomena, new species of, 248.

Sporasterias, note on the genus, 15.

Starfishes, revision of some genera

and species of, 13.

Stenopylis, characters of the new

genus, 163.

Sternarchus, new species of, 32.

Stichaster, note on the genus, 15.

Striglina, new species of, 109.

Syllis, notes on species of, 290.

Sylvilagus, new species of, 413.

Tabanus, new species of, 359, 388.

Tarentola delalandei, note on, 77.

Tellina, new species of, 479.

Tenebrionid, new, 315.

Thomas, O., on new Nasua, Lutra,

and Proechimys from 8. America,

57 ; on new S.-American rodents,

240 ; on a new genus of bats allied

to Nyctophilus, 381 ; on new small

500

mammals from Venezuela, 410;

on small mammals from Western

Yunnan, 472.

Thrincostoma, new species of, 452.

Thysanoptera, new, 378.

Tibicinoides, characters of the new

genus, 166. -

Triphora, new species of, 477.

Turbo, new species of, 33.

Turner, R. E., notes on fossorial

hymenoptera, 245, 337, 429.

Turritella, new species of, 36, 478.

Tylotrypes, characters of the new

genus, 161.

Typhlops, new species of, 482.

Vampyrops, new species of, 411.

Verrill, A. E., revision of some

genera and species of starfishes,

13.

Voluta prevostiana, new variety of,

481.

INDEX.

Waterhouse, C. O., on new species

of Cyphogastra, 490.

‘Watson, D. M.S., on Pleurosaurus

and the homologies of the bones of

the temporal region of the lizard’s

skull, 84; on a new anomodont

reptile from 8. Africa, 95; on the

nomenclature of the §8.-African

Pariasaurians, 98.

Withers, T. H., on some cretaceous

and tertiary cirripedes referred to

Pollicipes, 167.

Woodward, Dr. A. S., on a palzo-

lithic engraving on a bone from

Sherborne, 140; on the lower jaw

of an anthropoid ape from Lérida,

141.

Xylocopa, new species of, 454.

Zoyphium, new species of, 356.

END OF THE FOURTEENTH VOLUME,

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIE,

REL LION COURT, FLERI STREET,