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STUDIES OF

CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— V

BY

PAUL C. STANDLEY

CURATOR OP THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

AND

JULIAN A. STEYERMARK

ASSISTANT CURATOR OP THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OP BOTANY

BOTANICAL SERIES

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

VOLUME 23, NUMBER 3

MARCH 24, 1944

PUBLICATION 556

STUDIES OF

CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— V

BY

PAUL C. STANDLEY

CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

AND

JULIAN A. STEYERMARK

ASSISTANT CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

THE LIBRARY OF THE

MAR 3 1 1944

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

BOTANICAL SERIES

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

VOLUME 23, NUMBER 3

MARCH 24, 1944

PUBLICATION 556

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS

/ £ 3

f/Al i-f i^T • ^ > %•

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— V

PAUL C. STANDLEY AND JULIAN A. STEYERMARK

The following pages are occupied almost wholly with descriptions

of Guatemalan plants of a limited number of families, obtained by

recent botanical expeditions of Field Museum of Natural History.

There are discussed also a few plants from other parts of tropical

North America.

AMARANTHACEAE

Amaranthus spinosus L. Sp. PI. 991. 1753. Xanthium parvi-

folium DC. Prodr. 5: 524. 1936.— The identification of De Candolle's

name has been published by S. F. Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.

26: 228. 1930, in a discussion of types of Compositae. It is repeated

here only in order to associate it with the family to which the plant

really belongs.

MENISPERMACEAE

Disciphania nesiotes Standl., sp. nov. — Scandens volubilis

fere glabra, caulibus gracilibus herbaceis striatis glabris, internodiis

elongatis; folia omnia similia longipetiolata membranacea, petiolo

4-7 cm. longo basi incrassata geniculato glabro; lamina in utraque

facie pilis paucis inconspicuis adpressis induta vel fere omnino glabra,

basi profunde angusteque cordata, supra viridis, subtus multo palli-

dior, profunde interdum fere ad basin lobata, 7-13 cm. lata, lobis

1-3 cm. latis prope basin plus minusve angustatis, acutis vel acumi-

natis, interdum rotundatis et breviter apiculato-acuminatis, integris

vel rare bilobis; spicae masculae longipedunculatae, pedunculo

incluso 4-6 cm. longae, sat dense multiflorae vel interruptae glabrae,

bracteis lineari-filiformibus 1.5-2 mm. longis viridibus patentibus

vel adscendentibus, sepalis exterioribus late ovatis obtusis carnosulis

2.5 mm. longis prope apicem puberulis; spicae femineae pedunculatae

in statu fructifero ca. 4 cm. longae, rhachi crassa; endocarpium late

ellipticum paullo compressum, 8 mm. longum fere 6 mm. latum,

basi et apice obtusum, una facie 1-costatum, facie altera 3-costatum,

costis paullo elevatis undulatis et rugosis. — Mexico: Maria Madre

Island, off the coast of the state of Nayarit, July 24, 1932, John

Thomas Howell 10438 (type in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci.; fragment in

Herb. Field Mus.) ; vernacular name "Uva."

113

114 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

In Trees and Shrubs of Mexico the genus Disciphania does not

appear among the few Menispermaceae recorded from Mexico, but

one species, D. calocarpa Standl., more plentiful in Central America,

has since been found in Veracruz. It is altogether unlike the present

plant in foliage, the leaves being entire and peltate. D. nesiotes bears

some resemblance to the illustration of D. Glaziovii Taubert (see

Pflanzenreich IV. 94: /. 63. 1910), a Brazilian species with dimor-

phous leaves.

LAURACEAE

Ocotea laetevirens Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor 9-

metralis, ramulis gracillimis fere omnino glabris vel in statu juvenili

sparse minutissime puberulis, teretibus; folia crasse membranacea

breviter petiolata, petiolo gracili 7-10 mm. longo; lamina oblongo-

elliptica vel lanceolato-oblonga 12-18 cm. longa 4-6.5 cm. lata subito

sensimve acuminata, acumine angusto obtuso, basi acuta, glabra,

supra opaca, venis vix prominulis, subtus lutescenti-viridis vel oliva-

cea, penninervia, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 8 arcuatis

angulo semirecto adscendentibus, venis prominulis laxe reticulatis;

inflorescentia laxe paniculata foliis saepe longior, parte ramosa ca.

6 cm. longa, pedunculo ut videtur recurvo 4-9 cm. longo gracillimo,

floribus numerosis, pedicellis saepe subumbellatis 2-3 mm. longis

glabris vel minutissime strigillosis; flores in alabastro globosi vix

2 mm. longi minute sparseque puberuli; perianthii tubus brevissimus,

segmentis subaequalibus late ellipticis obtusissimis suberectis; fila-

menta staminum extimorum lata crassaque anthera paullo longiora

glabra, antheris late ovatis apice obtusissimis; glandulae basales

staminum interiorum magnae globosae sessiles; staminodia stipiti-

formia vel interdum fere nulla; fructus cupula hemisphaerica 1 cm.

lata, margine simplici. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Cerro

Chiblac, between Finca San Rafael and Ixcan, Sierra de los Cuchu-

matanes, alt. 1,200-2,000 meters, July, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark

49189 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Between Ixcan and Finca San

Rafael, 200-800 meters, Steyermark 49378.

Ocotea chiapensis (Lundell) Standl. & Steyerm., comb. nov.

Nectandra chiapensis Lundell, Contr. Univ. Mich. Herb. 6: 12. 1941.

Ocotea verapazensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor 6-12-

metralis, ramulis gracilibus obtuse angulatis fere omnino glabris;

folia chartacea in sicco fusca vel fuscescentia breve petiolata, petiolo

gracili ca. 1 cm. longo anguste fere ad basin angulato; lamina

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— V 115

oblanceolato-oblonga vulgo 14-27 cm. longa atque 4.5-8 cm. lata,

sensim subitove breviter acuminata, acumine obtuso, basin acutam

vel subobtusam versus sensim attenuata, glabra, penninervia, venis

utrinque arete prominulo-reticulatis, nervis lateralibus utroque

latere ca. 8 angulo latiusculo valde adscendentibus in axillis non

barbatis; paniculae laxae multiflorae pedunculo longo gracili incluso

15 cm. longae vel breviores foliis breviores, ramis glabris, pedicellis

gracilibus usque 3.5 mm. longis; flores parvi virides 2.5 mm. longi

glabri; perianthii tubus brevissimus, segmentis late ellipticis obtusis;

antherae fere sessiles ovato-quadratae apice obtusissimae vel sub-

truncatae, filamentis crassis glabris; staminodia abortiva; ovarium

globosum glabrum, stylo brevissimo; bacca ellipsoidea 2.5 cm. longa

1.5 cm. lata lucida; cupula rubra turbinato-campanulata 12-15 mm.

lata, pedicello crassissimo. — Guatemala: Dept. Alta Verapaz: Tactic,

alt. 1,480 meters, April, 1939, Paul C. Standley 71421 (type in Herb.

Field Mus.). Mountains east of Tactic, on the road to Tamahu,

1,500-1,650 meters, Standley 71421, 71163. Dept. Izabal : Along Rio

Tameja, 50 meters, Steyermark 41789.

Persea sessilis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex 1.5 m.

altus, ramis teretibus ca. 7 mm. crassis densissime foliatis fusco-

ferrugineis glabris vel glabratis; folia subrigide coriacea lucida fere

sessilia, petiolo ca. 4 mm. longo atque 5 mm. lato; lamina anguste

lanceolato-oblonga ca. 20 cm. longa et 5.5-7 cm. lata acuta vel

acuminata, apice ipso subobtuso, basin versus parum attenuata,

basi ipsa lata breviter cordata, glaberrima, costa supra breviter

sulcata, subtus crassa maxime elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque

latere ca. 15 angulo latiusculo adscendentibus, nervis prominulis

laxe reticulatis; paniculae foliis multo breviores cymose pauciflorae

minute sed vix dense pilosulo-tomentulosae, floribus breviter pedicel-

latis, ramis adscendentibus; perianthii segmenta subaequalia vel

exteriora paullo breviora latissime ovata vel subrotunda apice

obtusissima vel rotundata, utrinque sericea, in statu fructifero per-

sistentia et patentia; ovarium glabrum; fructus immaturus globosus

1 cm. diam. — Guatemala: Dept. Zacapa: Upper slopes, Sierra de

las Minas, along Rio Repollal to summit of mountain, alt. 2,100-

2,400 meters, January 12-13, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 42487

(type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Known from only imperfect fruiting material, but there is no

doubt as to the proper reference of this plant to Persea, in which

genus it is one of the most distinct species. It is the only species of

continental North America having sessile leaves.

116 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

Persea vesticula Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor 15-30-

metralis, ramulis crassissimis rugosis fusco-ferrugineis vel cinnamo-

meis dense atque minutissime adpresse puberulo-tomentulosis, sat

dense foliatis; folia rigide coriacea crasse 1-2 cm. longe petiolata

oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga 10-17 cm. longa 3.5-6.5 cm. lata

obtusa vel subacuta, basi obtusa vel rotundata et interdum plus

minusve inaequalia, supra lucida glabra, subtus brunnescentia ubi-

que densissime tomento minuto arete adpresso ochraceo vel brun-

nescenti obtecta, penninervia, costa subtus elevata, nervis laterali-

bus utroque latere ca. 9 prominentibus tenuibus angulo latiusculo

adscendentibus, venis vix prominulis laxe sed inconspicue reticulatis;

inflorescentiae numerosae in axillis superioribus foliorum nascentes

vel ad apicem ramulorum dense multi-aggregatae pedunculo longo

incluso ca. 14 cm. longae, ubique densissime tomentulosae, pedicellis

crassissimis vix ultra 2 mm. longis; perianthium 5-6 mm. longum

utrinque dense tomentulosum, segmentis late ovatis vel ellipticis

obtusis, exterioribus bene brevioribus; filamenta pilosula, antheris

subaequilonga; antherae 4-locellatae late oblongae apice obtusae;

staminqdia majuscula cordato-sagittata apice pilis paucis longis

onusta, longe stipitata, stipite pilosulo; ovarium glabrum globosum;

bacca globosa apice rotundata ca. 3.5 cm. longa (immatura?). —

Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos: Top of escarpment along river,

Volcan de Tacana, between La Vega ridge and northeast slopes of

the volcano, near the Mexican boundary, alt. 2,500-3,000 meters,

February 20, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 36207 (type in Herb. Field

Mus.). Dept. El Progreso: Sierra de las Minas, hills north of Finca

Piamonte, 2,400-3,300 meters, Steyermark 43558 (sterile). Dept.

Huehuetenango: Cerro Huitz, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, 1,500-

2,600 meters, Steyermark 48571.

Closely related to P. longipes (Schlecht.) Meissn., but in that

the leaves are glabrous beneath; in P. vesticula they are densely

covered by a very minute and closely appressed tomentum, so fine

that to the naked eye they appear glabrous or nearly so. The local

name is Canoe, a term applied generally in western Guatemala to

many trees of the Lauraceae.

Phoebe macrophylla Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor

humilis praeter inflorescentiam omnino glabra, ramulis gracilibus

teretibus vel obtuse angulatis, vetustioribus griseo-brunneis; folia

inter maxima breviter petiolata chartacea, petiolo crasso nudo 1.5-2

cm. longo; lamina ovalis vel obovato-elliptica 19-29 cm. longa 9-12

cm. lata apice rotundata vel obtusissima, rarius acuta, basi rotundata

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— V 117

vel obtusissima, penninervia, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 13

subarcuatis adscendentibus, venis utrinque prominulis laxe reticu-

latis, interdum lucida, in sicco saepe subtus brunnescens; paniculae

axillares longipedunculatae laxe multiflorae, interdum folia aequan-

tes, ramis inferioribus glabris, superioribus sparse puberulis vel

pilosulis, pedicellis 1.5-3 mm. longis; flores viridescentes 2.5-3 mm.

longi sparse strigillosi; perianthii tubus bene evolutus late turbinatus,

segmentis suborbicularibus apice rotundatis intus prope basin pilo-

sulis; filamenta antheras fere aequantia crassa sparse pilosula vel

fere glabra, antheris oblongo-quadratis apice obtusis; staminodia

parva breviter stipitata oblonga vel ovata obtusa; ovarium glabrum

ovoideum, stylo crasso subaequilongo; bacca ovalis vel ellipsoidea

2 cm. longa 1.5 cm. lata apice rotundata, cupula turbinato-campanu-

lata 1 cm. lata, margine simplici. — Guatemala: Dept. Alta Verapaz:

Wet forest, southeast of Tactic, alt. 1,500 meters, March, 1939,

Paul C. Standley 70009 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Mountains

along road between Tactic and the divide on the road to Tamahu,

1,500-1,600 meters, April, 1941, Standley 91326.

What is probably the same species is found also in the depart-

ments of Quezaltenango and San Marcos.

Phoebe Gentlei (Lundell) Standl. & Steyerm., comb, nov.—

Persea Gentlei Lundell, Contr. Univ. Mich. Herb. 6: 18. 1941.

Phoebe padiformis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor

15-metralis, trunco 30 cm. diam., ramulis primo subsparse adpresso-

pilosis cito glabratis, gracilibus striato-angulatis; folia breviter petio-

lata chartacea, petiolo crassiusculo 6-10 mm. longo; lamina oblongo-

elliptica vel oblanceolato-oblonga 8-11 cm. longa 3-5.5 cm. lata

subito acuta vel breviter acuminata, acumine ipso obtuso, basi acuta,

in statu juvenili griseo-sericea, cito glabrata et in statu adulto fere

omnino glabra, subtus in nervorum axillis dense albido-barbata, pen-

ninervia, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 6 arcuatis valde

adscendentibus, venis in pagina superiore non elevatis, subtus vix

prominulis pallidis laxe reticulatis; paniculae axillares racemiformes

vel racemosae foliis duplo vel ultra breviores, ramis brevissimis, laxe

pauci- vel multiflori glabri, pedicellis gracilibus glabris rectis 3-4

mm. longis; flores viridescenti-albi glabri 3 mm. longi, perianthii

tubo fere nullo, segmentis late ellipticis obtusis suberectis; filamenta

gracilia antheris duplo longiora et ultra glabra vel prope basin sparse

pilosula, antheris parvis oblongis obtusis; glandulae filamentorum

seriei tertiae magnae crassae cordatae fere sessiles; staminodia con-

118 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

spicua compressa ovata acuta breviter stipitata; ovarium globosum

glabrum, stylo crassiusculo fere aequilongo. — Guatemala: Dept.

Quezaltenango: Colomba, alt. 575 meters, October, 1934, A. F.

Skutch 1367 (type in Herb. Field Mus.), 1358. Dept. Huehuetenango :

Cerro Chiblac, between Finca San Rafael and Ixcan, 1,200-2,000

meters, July, 1942, Steyermark 49183.

Phoebe savannarum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor

9-metralis, ramulis gracillimis teretibus sordide denseque pilosulis

cito glabratis et fusco-brunneis; folia parva breviter petiolata char-

tacea, petiolo nudo vel superne anguste marginato 3-5 mm. longo;

lamina elliptica, ovato-elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica 6-8.5 cm. longa

2-3.5 cm. lata, subito longeque caudato-acuminata, acumine obtuso,

basi obtusa, in sicco fusco-brunnea, supra lucida glabra, venis non

elevatis, subtus tantum ad nervos sparse minute pilosula, aliter gla-

bra, triplinervia, venis subtus sat dense prominulo-reticulatis; pani-

culae axillares 3-4 cm. longae pauciflorae graciliter longipeduncu-

latae cymiformes minute pilosulae vel puberulae, pedicellis puberulis

vix ultra 2 mm. longis; flores albi dense minuteque puberuli vel

strigillosi 2.5 mm. longi; perianthii tubus brevis, segmentis late

ellipticis obtusis subpatentibus intus dense tomentulosis; antherae

extimae magnae suborbiculares apice rotundatae, filamentis brevis-

simis; glandulae seriei tertiae globosae sessiles; staminodia breviter

stipitata late ovata obtusa conspicua; ovarium glabrum globoso-

ovoideum, stylo brevi crasso. — Guatemala: Dept. Alta Verapaz:

Along stream bordering forest, savanna between base of Cerro

Chinaja at Sachaj and Sacacao, alt. 150-180 meters, April, 1942,

Julian A. Steyermark 45712 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

OXALIDACEAE

Oxalis calcicola Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Acaulis, tota

planta vix ultra 5 cm. alta; bulbus 1.5-2 cm. longus 1 cm. diam.

ovoideus fusco-brunneus, squamis trinerviis valde dissolutis; folia

basalia numerosa palmatim 3-foliolata, petiolis filiformibus 1-2 cm.

longis glabris; foliola obreniformi-cordata vulgo 4-5 mm. lata apice

breviter excisa, basi latissime cuneata, lobis late rotundatis, utrinque

glabra; pedunculi basales foliis breviores 1-2-flori minutissime

puberuli vel glabri, pedicellis usque 4 mm. longis; sepala oblongo-

lanceolata 3.5 mm. longa acuta pallide viridia, apice rubro-bicallosa;

petala roseo-purpurea 7 mm. longa late cuneato-obovata; filamenta

nuda vel minutissime appendiculata, longioribus sparse minute

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— V 119

pilosulis. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Rocky limestone out-

crop about trees of Juniperus Standleyi, alt. 3,700 meters, vicinity

of Che*mal, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, August 8, 1942, Julian A.

Steyermark 50258 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

This probably has no better claims to specific recognition than

most of the other ill-conceived species that have been christened in

this genus, but we have been unable to unite Jit satisfactorily with

any of the numerous forms named from Mexico. It is noteworthy

for its greatly reduced size, very numerous small leaves, and the

short, only 1-2-flowered peduncles. The relationship is possibly

with 0. alpina Rose, also known from Guatemala, and with a sub-

stantial number of other habitally similar and evidently related

plants of the Mexican mountains.

EUPHORBIACEAE

Euphorbia guatemalensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. —

Herba perennis erecta vel saepius procumbens, interdum sub-

scandens, saepe 1 m. longa et ultra, caulibus crassiusculis teretibus

pallide viridibus sparse denseve pilis laxis patentibus pilosis vel

glabratis, non articulatis; stipulae minutae glanduliformes; folia

alterna tenuiter membranacea integra subtus pallidiora, longipetio-

lata, petiolo gracillimo vulgo 1-2.5 cm. longo; lamina late ovata vel

rotundo-ovata 2.5-4.5 cm. longa 1.5-4 cm. lata, apice obtusa vel

rotundata, basi rotundata et interdum angustissime subpeltata,

utrinque laxe pilosa vel glabrata, nervis lateralibus subtus manifestis

ca. 6-jugis angulo lato divergentibus; inflorescentia paniculam

elongatam laxam pilosam foliosam efformans, ramis interdum flexuo-

sis; involucra numerosissima cymosa longipedicellata turbinato-

campanulata 2 mm. longa sat dense pilis patentibus pilosa; glandulae

5, appendice late oblonga extus strigillosa apice subtruncata et

laciniato-dentata vel breviter obtuse dentata; capsula longiuscule

exserta glabra 2.5 mm. lata, coccis dorso late rotundatis; semina

pallida profunde foveolata. — Guatemala: Dept. Chimaltenango:

Damp wooded barranco, along road between Chimaltenango and

San Martin Jilotepeque, alt. 1,500-1,700 meters, December 22, 1940,

Paul C. Standley 80907 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

There are at hand 13 other collections of the same species from

the departments of Zacapa, Jalapa, Jutiapa, Santa Rosa, Guate-

mala, and Chimaltenango. In general appearance the plant is much

like the endemic E. ephedromorpha Bartlett of Guatemala, but that

120 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

differs in its conspicuously angulate stems and entire involucral

appendages.

Euphorbia pantomalaca Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba

perennis e radice crassa lignosa nascens prostrata, caulibus numero-

sis prostratis dense foliatis dichotomo-ramosis teretibus dense mol-

literque pilosulis, pilis brevibus patentibus albidis; folia opposita

fere sessilia oblique ovalia vel ovali-ovata 5-9 mm. longa apice

rotundata vel obtusissima, basi valde obliqua, crassiuscula, apicem

versus obtuse denticulata vel interdum subintegra, utrinque densis-

sime minuteque velutino-pilosula; involucra axillaria fere sessilia

campanulata dense albido-tomentulosa vix ad 1 mm. longa; glandu-

lae parvae transverse ovales intense rubrae, appendice pallidiore

subintegra glandula latiore; capsula (bene evoluta non visa) breviter

exserta densissime albo-tomentulosa; styli dense hirti. — Guatemala:

Dept. Baja Verapaz: Sierra de las Minas, opposite El Rancho (Dept.

El Progreso), March 10, 1905, W. A. Kellerman 5175 (type in Herb.

Field Mus.).

Belonging to the subgenus Chamaesyce or Anisophyllum. This

was determined by Millspaugh as E. velleriflora Boiss., but it does

not resemble very closely type material of that species which was

available to him. That differs greatly in its pubescence, which

consists of sparse, long, rather stiff hairs; its leaves, too, are mostly

acute, at least the terminal ones.

Euphorbia rutilis (Millsp.) Standl. & Steyerm., comb. nov.

Chamaesyce rutilis Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 385. 1914.

Euphorbia senilis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba peren-

nis e radice perpendiculari lignosa nascens, caulibus numerosis

gracilibus flexuosis prostratis laxe dichotomis dense pilis longis

patentibus albis hirsutis; stipulae parvae in segmentos fere setaceos

hirsutos divisae; folia opposita fere sessilia late ovata vel latissime

ovalia, saepe fere quadrangularia plerumque 5-7 mm. longa et fere

aequilata, apice late obtusa vel late rotundata, basi inaequali sub-

cordata, crassa, obsolete undulato-dentata vel saepe integra, utrinque

densissime pilis longissimis albis teneribus patentibus hirsuta; involu-

cra parva in axillis supremis nascentia dense albo-hirsuta vix 1 mm.

longa; glandulae rubro-purpureae transverse ovales, appendicibus

angustis integris rubro-purpureis; capsula fere 2 mm. lata profunde

sulcata, glabra vel pilis paucis longis conspersa, coccis dorso obtuse

carinatis; semina obtuse tetragona glauca fere laevia, faciebus

planis vel leviter concavis. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango:

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— V 121

Dry slopes between San Ildefonso Ixtahuacan and Cuilco, alt. 1,350-

1,600 meters, August 16, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 50739 (type in

Herb. Field Mus.).

Referable to the subgenus Chamaesyce or Anisophyllum, and

related to E. villifera Scheele probably as closely as to any described

species. It may, indeed, be only an extreme form of that, but the

very dense indument of exceedingly long, white hairs makes this

highly improbable.

Euphorbia Steyermarkii Standl., sp. nov. — Herba perennis

erecta ca. 30 cm. alta omnino glabra, caulibus pluribus simplicibus

vel sparse ramosis, ramis subteretibus ca. 5 mm. crassis viridibus,

interdum subangulatis laxe foliatis; folia breviter petiolata in vivo

subcarnosa integra supra intense viridia subtus pallidiora, alterna,

eis ad basin inflorescentiae ternatis, petiolo lato usque 1 cm. longo,

saepe fere nullo; lamina obovata, rhombeo-obovata vel rotundo-

elliptica 5-6.5 cm. longa 2.5-4.5 cm. lata, apice obtusissima vel

rotundata, basi cuneata, penninervia, nervis lateralibus vulgo

obscuris vel obsoletis; stipulae obsoletae; inflorescentia terminalis

umbelliformis parva pauciradiata foliis multo brevior, bracteis viridi-

bus cordato-orbicularibus vel reniformibus sessilibus 8-14 mm. latis

apice late rotundatis; involucra pauca ad apices ramulorum inter

bracteas nascentia sessilia glabra late campanulata ca. 2 mm. longa,

lobis brevibus obovatis fimbriato-dentatis; glandulae 5 exappendi-

culatae suborbiculares patentes integrae; capsula longiexserta,

pedicello crasso suberecto. — Guatemala: Dept. Zacapa: On rocks in

dense woods, near Zacapa, alt. about 200 meters, October, 1940,

Paul C. Standley 74673 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. Chiqui-

mula: Along Rio Taco, between Chiquimula and Montana Barriol,

500-1,200 meters, Steyermark 30671. Dept. Huehuetenango: North-

west of Cuilco, two-thirds the way up Cerro Chiquihui above Ca-

rrizal, 1,350-2,300 meters, Steyermark 50777.

Referable to the subgenus Tithymalus, but it bears no close

resemblance to any species of Mexico or Central America of which

I have seen material.

Euphorbia verapazensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex

scandens vel subscandens praeter inflorescentiam omnino glaber,

caulibus articulatis subteretibus viridescentibus, internodiis elon-

gatis; stipulae nullae; folia opposita vel ternata tenuiter mem-

branacea integra, petiolo filiformi 8-15 mm. longo; lamina orbicularis

vel ovali-orbicularis 15-20 mm. longa 10-17 mm. lata, apice late

122 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

rotundata vel late subemarginata, basi rotundata vel latissime

cuneata, subtus paullo pallidior, nervis lateralibus subtus manifestis

sed non elevatis angulo lato divergentibus; involucra in cymas parvas

pedunculatas petiolis vix longiores ad nodos ternatas disposita,

breviter pedicellata, ramulis pedicellisque sparse strigillosis; involu-

crum sparse strigillosum fere 2 mm. longum basi acutum; glandulae

transverse ovales, appendice albida glabra glandula latiore obtuse

denticulata, apice breviter biloba. — Guatemala: Dept. Alta Verapaz:

A liana on a tree, Rio Chiacte", alt. 480 meters, May 4, 1939, C. L.

Wilson 272 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

The only related Guatemalan species is E. Schlechtendalii Boiss.,

which differs in having glabrous involucres. Several related species

with pubescent involucres are found in Mexico, but none agree

well with this collection from Alta Verapaz.

Gymnanthes guatemalensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.—

Frutex altus vel arbor glabra, ramis gracilibus obtuse subangulatis

ochraceis lenticellatis, novellis viridibus magis angulatis, internodiis

brevibus; folia magna breviter petiolata tenuiter coriacea, petiolo

crasso 7-12 mm. longo supra anguste canaliculate; lamina oblongo-

oblanceolata vel anguste oblanceolata 11-20 cm. longa 3.5-7 cm. lata,

abrupte breviterque acuta vel acuminata, acumine obtuso, basin

acutam versus sensim cuneato-attenuata, adpresse crenato-serrata,

crenis glandulosis, margine prope basin glandulis majusculis non

elevatis onusto, supra in sicco griseo-viridis, nervis venisque promi-

nulis, subtus paullo pallidior, costa tenui elevata, nervis lateralibus

utroque latere ca. 11, angulo lato abeuntibus prope marginem inae-

qualiter conjunctis, venis prominulis laxe reticulatis; spicae masculae

3.5-5 cm. longae fere ad basin floriferae sat dense multiflorae, rhachi

dense puberula, bracteis late ovatis sessilibus obtusis puberulis

trifloris, floribus longiuscule pedicellatis, sepalo parvo viridi late

ova to; stamina in flore intermedio 3-5, in lateralibus 3; inflores-

centiae femineae non visae. — Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango:

Along quebrada, between Finca Pirineos and Finca Soledad, lower

southern slopes of Volcan de Santa Maria, between Santa Maria de

Jesus and Calahuache", alt. 1,300-1,400 meters, January 5, 1940,

Julian A. Steyermark 33501 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. San

Marcos: Potrero Tojo, Volcan de Tajumulco, 1,300-1,500 meters,

March, 1940, Steyermark 37703.

This has much larger leaves than any other species known from

Central America or Mexico. In general appearance it somewhat

suggests G. longipes Muell. Arg. of Mexico.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— V 123

Mabea excelsa Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor excelsa

30-metralis, trunco 65 cm. diam., omnino glabra, ramis gracillimis

teretibus, novellis viridibus, internodiis brevibus vel elongatis; folia

chartacea graciliter petiolata, petiolo 6-12 mm. longo; lamina

anguste oblonga vel lanceolato-oblonga 8-13 cm. longa 2-4 cm. lata

anguste longiacuminata vel abrupte acuminata, basi acuta vel

rotundata, supra in sicco griseo-viridis sublucida, subtus glaucescens,

costa tenui elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 17 angulo

lato abeuntibus fere rectis juxta marginem inaequaliter conjunctis,

nervum collectivum vix eff ormantibus, venis inconspicuis paucis laxe

reticulatis; pedicelli fructiferi ca. 18 mm. longi crassi; columella 1 cm.

longa basi et apice incrassata; capsula ca. 1.5 cm. longa densissime

minute tomentulosa, valvis crassis lignosis apice acutissimis; semina

crassa vix compressa olivacea lucida laevia ca. 9 mm. longa et 7 mm.

lata, carunculo 1.5 mm. longo. — Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango :

In coffee plantation with original forest trees as shade, Colomba,

alt. 850 meters, December 27, 1934, A. F. Skutch 2008 (type in Herb.

Field Mus.).

There are referred here also several sterile collections, apparently

conspecific, from the departments of Santa Rosa and Retalhuleu.

The type tree attained a size that is unusual in this genus; the sterile

specimens were taken from much smaller ones. This species, con-

fined to the Pacific slope of Guatemala, is clearly different from M.

occidentalis Benth., which is common in some parts of the Atlantic

watershed. The latter has uniformly smaller seeds, and the nerva-

tion of the leaves is distinct, the lateral nerves being joined remote

from the margin to form an irregular but distinct collective nerve.

Only fruiting material of M . excelsa is available, and it is likely that

the complete inflorescences will afford other and better characters

for separating the two Guatemalan species.

Ophellantha Steyermarkii Standl., sp. nov. — Arbuscula 6-

metralis, ramis gracilibus teretibus ochraceis vel brunnescentibus,

novellis pilis laxis patentibus pilosulis, internodiis elongatis sed

foliis brevioribus; stipulae induratae spinescentes 2-2.5 mm. longae;

folia graciliter petiolata membranacea in sicco laete viridia, petiolo

10-13 mm. longo dense pilosulo; lamina lanceolata vel lanceolato-

oblonga 5-6.5 cm. longa 1.5-2.5 cm. lata, apicem subacutum versus

sensim angustata, basi cuneato-acuta vel obtusa, subintegra, utrin-

que pilis patentibus tenerrimis pallidis sat dense pilosa, subtus paullo

pallidior, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 5; flores masculi non

visi; pedicelli fructiferi graciles ca. 2.5 cm. longi dense pilis adscen-

124 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

dentibus albidis pilosi; sepala feminea foliacea ovata vel oblongo-

elliptica ca. 17 mm. longa atque 7 mm. lata, apicem obtusum versus

angustata, 5-nervia, utrinque dense pilosula, Integra; styli 3, basi

brevissime connati, parte libera crassissima dense adpresso-pilo-

sula ad medium bifida, ramis crassissimis; capsula 3-locularis sub-

globosa densissime velutino-pilosula, pilis patentibus, ca. 12 mm.

alta; semina 3 ovalia crassissima 8 mm. longa 6 mm. lata laevia

lucida fusco-brunnea. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Trail

between Santa Ana Huista and Nenton, over Rio Azul and La

Laguna, alt. 800-900 meters, August 27, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark

51398 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

The only other species of the genus, 0. spinosa Standl., was

described from Izalco, Salvador, and is known also from Oaxaca

and western Costa Rica. In it the leaves, stems, and flowers are

glabrous or nearly so, the fruit (always?) 2-celled and appressed-

setulose, and the united portion of the styles much longer. Since

0. spinosa has been collected on both sides of Guatemala, it should

be found in that country, but so far has not been collected there.

Pedilanthus camporum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex

erectus ramosus metralis, ramis suberectis teretibus intense viridibus,

novellis sparse tomentellis cito glabratis; folia decidua, non visa;

cymae breves densiflorae ad apices caulium vel ramorum aggregatae;

bracteae parvae cucullatae dense ochraceo-tomentosae, pedunculis

usque 6 mm. longis sparse tomentulosis vel glabratis; involucrum

8-10 mm. longum prope medium 3 mm. latum dense tomentulosum

vel puberulum, intus glabrum, superne ad basin fissum, inferne

breviter fissum, apicibus rotundatis vel obtusissimis; appendix

brevissima vix ultra 4 mm. longa basi cucullato-dilatata, labio brevi

liguliformi subretuso; pedicelli masculi glabri, feminei puberuli vel

tomentulosi, omnes exserti; ovarium dense albido-tomentulosum,

stylo gracili 6-7 mm. longo; capsula globoso-trigona 6 mm. longa et

aequilata sparse puberula; semina laevia sordido-brunnea 3-3.5 mm.

longa. — Guatemala: Dept. Retalhuleu: Dry thickets, plains between

Nueva Linda and Champerico, alt. 120 meters or less, February 18,

1941, Paul C. Standley 87781 (type in Herb. Field Mus.); also No.

87775.

There already have been described too many species in this

troublesome genus, and some of them doubtless will have to be

reduced, as possibly the present one. Among Central American

species it may be recognized readily by its pubescent involucres,

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— V 125

and it does not agree in floral details with any of the species listed

by Millspaugh in his account of the group.

Phyllanthus minarum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex

erectus 1.5-2.5 m. altus, ramis vetustioribus teretibus ochraceis

stipulis persistentibus asperatis ca. 12 mm. crassis cicatricibus

magnis foliorum delapsorum onustis, novellis cum foliis folium pin-

natum fingentibus elongatis multifoliatis 2-3 mm. tantum crassis

albido-villosulis; stipulae plus minusve persistentes ferrugineae in

statu adulto incrassatae et persistentes interdum reflexae ovato-

triangulares usque 8 mm. longae acuminatae basi subcordatae;

folia inferiora suborbicularia vel rotundo-deltoidea 1.5-3 cm. longa,

principalia oblongo-ovata vel deltoideo-oblonga 4.5-7 cm. longa et

3 cm. lata, apice obtusa vel acutiuscula et insigniter cucullata, basi

late rotundata vel infima interdum subcordata, membranacea,

supra viridia ad nervos sparse puberula, subtus pallida dense pilis

hyalinis pilosa; flores dioeci (?), pedicellis floris masculi capillaribus

plerumque solitariis sat dense pilosis flexuosis 2-2.5 cm. longis;

sepala 6 maxime inaequalia glabra, interiora 5.5 mm. longa oblongo-

ovalia obtusissima, exteriora ca. 3.5 mm. longa elliptica vel oblongo-

ovata subacuta; glandulae liberae columnam staminalem sub-

aequantes late ovatae; stamina 3, filamentis in tubum brevem

coalitis, antheris brevibus cohaerentibus. — Guatemala: Dept. El

Progreso: Hills between Finca Piamonte and the slopes southeast

of the finca, Sierra de las Minas, alt. 2,400-2,500 meters, February

4, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 43385 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

The plant has some resemblance, especially in habit, to P. Pur-

pusii Brandeg., but is well marked by its abundant pubescence.

The cucullate apices of the leaves are striking, but it is questionable

whether this is a natural character or an abnormality.

Stillingia cruenta Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex vel

arbor 2-8-metralis glabra, dense ramosa, ramis gracilibus teretibus

griseo-brunneis sat dense lenticellatis; petioli graciles 7-14 mm. longi;

lamina elliptico-ovata vel oblongo-ovata 4-8 cm. longa 2-3.5 cm.

lata longiacuminata basi rotundata coriacea lucida, margine arete

adpresso-serrulato basi utroque latere glandulis 2 majusculis

onusto, subtus pallidior, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 6

tenerrimis prominulis arcuatis; inflorescentiae perfectae non visae

terminates crassae, bracteis patulis induratis; capsula globosa laevis

vix sulcata ca. 7 mm. alta et aequilata vel paullo latior. — Guatemala:

126 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

Dept. Baja Verapaz : Dry rocky hills above Santa Rosa, in pine-oak

forest, alt. about 1,500 meters, April 4, 1941, Paul C. Standley 91207

(type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Several other collections have been made by the same collector

at the same locality in 1939 and 1941. The tree is abundant here,

but among the numerous individuals examined only one capsule was

found, besides a few dry old inflorescences from which flowers and

fruits had fallen. Among Guatemalan species of the genus this is

distinguished by its short broad leaves and large size, the others

being normally only low shrubs. The leaves during the dry season

are often handsomely colored with bright red.

Tetrorchidium brevifolium Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.—

Arbor parva omnino glabra, ramulis gracilibus subteretibus ochra-

ceis, juvenilibus vix ultra 2 mm. crassis; folia parva graciliter 4-10

mm. longe petiolata membranacea oblongo-obovata vel obovato-

elliptica, 9-12 cm. longa 4-5.5 cm. lata, abrupte breviter acuminata,

acumine obtuso vel subacuto, basi cuneato-attenuata, integra vel

subundulata, fere concoloria, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 6

teneris arcuatis prope marginem laxe conjunctis; spicae masculae

gracillimae flexuosae breviter pedunculatae 3.5-7 cm. longae laxae

interruptae, floribus arete sessilibus solitariis vel pauci-aggregatis

3 mm. latis; sepala latissime ovata, apice rotundata vel obtusissima,

ciliolata; stamina 3, antheris subsessilibus. — Guatemala: Dept. Alta

Verapaz: In virgin forest, Rubelpec, February 11, 1939, C. L. Wilson

188 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

The only other species of northern Central America, T. rotunda-

turn Standl., is altogether different, with much larger, long-petiolate

leaves rounded or very obtuse at the apex, thick juvenile branches,

and a pubescent rachis in the inflorescence.

TILIACEAE

Carpodiptera Mariarum Standl., sp. nov. — Arbor 9-metralis,

ramis crassis rimosis lenticellatis brunnescentibus, novellis minute

stellato-puberulis dense foliatis; folia graciliter petiolata chartacea,

petiolo 1-4.5 cm. longo puberulo vel fere glabro; lamina oblongo-

ovata vel lanceolato-ovato 7-14 cm. longa 4-7 cm. lata apicem

anguste obtusum versus sensim angusta, basi anguste rotundata et

breviter angusteque cordata, supra glabra sublucida, venulis promi-

nulis arete reticulatis, subtus paullo pallidior ubique fere microsco-

pice brunneo-lepidota, basi 5-nervia, nervis subtus prope basin

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— V 127

patenti-pilosis; inflorescentia magna paniculata dense ramosa multi-

flora, ramis suberectis densissime pilis stellatis brunnescentibus

sordide tomentulosis, floribus dense aggregatis pedicellis crassiusculis

usque 5 mm. longis stipatis, bracteis parvis oblongis obtusis dense

stellato-tomentulosis; alabastra globoso-ovoidea densissime stellato-

tomentosa obtusa; calyx 3.5 mm. longus basi rotundatus, lobis

inaequalibus rotundo-ovatis obtusissimis tubo subaequalibus; petala

pallide purpurea ca. 7 mm. longa cuneato-obovata late unguiculata

utrinque glabra. — Mexico: Maria Madre Island, off the coast of the

state of Nayarit, July 26, 1932, John Thomas Howell 10503 (type in

Herb. Field Mus.; duplicate in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci.); vernacular

name "Balleta."

In Mexico this genus has been known previously from a single

species, C. Ameliae Lundell, described from San Luis Potosi, and now

known also from Tabasco and British Honduras. The other species

are West Indian, and the occurrence of the genus on the western coast

of Mexico could scarcely have been expected, in spite of the numerous

previous records of West Indian groups from the Pacific coast.

Carpodiptera Ameliae differs from the plant here described in its

larger flowers and its acuminate leaves with less evident indument.

MYRTACEAE

Calyptranthes macrantha Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.—

Frutex, ramis gracilibus subteretibus, novellis densissime pilis

longis brunneis pilosis, cito glabratis, serius brunneis; folia petiolata

subcoriacea, petiolo crasso ca. 1 cm. longo dense brunneo-piloso;

lamina oblongo-elliptica 11-14 cm. longa 5-6.5 cm. lata acuta,

apice ipso obtuso, basi late cuneata vel rotundata, utrinque sat dense

punctata, supra glabra, costa profunde impressa, nervis obscuris,

subtus pallidior, primo ut videtur brunneo-tomentosa, in statu

adulto tantum ad costam brunneo-pilosa, costa insigniter elevata,

nervis lateralibus prominentibus gracilibus angulo fere recto diver-

gentibus prope marginem in nervum collectivum conjunctis; inflo-

rescentiae terminales fasciculatae pedunculo crasso erecto incluso

ca. 12 cm. longae et 9 cm. latae, subpauciflorae, ramis crassis divari-

catis tomento laxo rufo densissime obtectis, floribus ad apices ramu-

lorum aggregatis sessilibus; alabastra ellipsoidea 5 mm. longa dense

laxeque rufo-tomentosa; caetera ignota. — Guatemala: Dept. Alta

Verapaz: Wet mixed forest on banks of Rio Frio, about 8 km. below

Tactic, alt. about 1,400 meters, April 1, 1941, Paul C. Standley 90532

(type in Herb. Field Mus.).

128 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

Among Central American species, most of which are Guate-

malan, this is noteworthy for its very large flowers. The only

material collected is in bud only.

Calyptranthes Aguilarii Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex

omnino glaber, ramulis rigidis gracilibus tetragonis, vetustioribus

cinnamomeis vel griseo-brunneis, internodiis foliis brevioribus; folia

parva breviter petiolata coriacea, petiolo vix ultra 2 mm. longo;

lamina ovata, elliptico-oblonga vel ovato-elliptica 2.5-3 cm. longa

1-1.5 cm. lata obtusa vel apicem obtusum versus angustata, basi

acuta vel late obtusa, supra viridis dense impresso-punctata, costa

basin versus impressa, nervis obsoletis, subtus pallidior, costa cras-

siuscula elevata, nervis venisque obsoletis; inflorescentiae numerosae

axillares et ad apices ramorum fasciculatae foliis longiores, laxe

pauciflorae cymoso-corymbosae, ramulis rigidis fere rectis saepe

complanatis usque 10 mm. longis, floribus sessilibus vel subsessilibus;

alabastra globosa glaberrima, calyce circumscisso 2.5 mm. lato;

stamina longiexserta. — Guatemala: Dept. Quiche": Without special

locality, in 1942, Jose Ignacio Aguilar 810 (type in Herb. Field Mus.),

1191.

Here probably belong several collections from Baja Verapaz.

The species is related to C. belizensis (Standl.) Lundell, which has

longer and relatively very much narrower leaves.

. Eugenia cervina Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor 7-11-

metralis, ramis gracilibus teretibus cinnamomeis vel ferrugineis,

internodiis elongatis rectis, in statu juvenili dense ferrugineo-

tomentosis vel sericeo-tomentosis; folia majuscula coriacea breviter

petiolata, petiolo crasso ca. 7 mm. longo; lamina oblongo-lanceolata

vel anguste lanceolata 10-20 cm. longa 2.5-5 cm. lata, sensim

subitove longe anguste acuminata vel attenuato-acuminata, basi

acuta, supra viridis glabra plus minusve lucida, costa impressa,

nervis manifestis sed vix prominulis, subtus brunnescens densissime

adpresse sericea, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus tenerrimis

prominulis numerosis angulo semirecto vel paullo latiore adscendenti-

bus; flores axillares ut videtur brevissime racemosi; bacca ut videtur

brevissime pedicellata globosa 1.7-2 cm. diam. dense adpresse

tomentulosa vel sericea apice calyce persistente corona ta; calycis

lobi 4 depresso-orbiculares 3-3.5 mm. lati apice rotundati intus

tomentulosi subpatentes; semen 1 fusco-brunneum ca. 17 mm. diam.

—Guatemala: Dept. Alta Verapaz: Wooded slopes near Rio Icvolay,

near Hacienda Yaxcabnal, 5 miles northwest of Cubilgiiitz, alt.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— V 129

250-300 meters, March 5, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 44691 (type

in Herb. Field Mus.). South of Cubilguitz, 300-400 meters, March

3, 1942, Steyermark 44522.

Local name "Cacho de venado." The species is related to E.

Koepperi Standl. of Honduras.

Eugenia chinajensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex

1.5-4.5 m. altus, ramis gracilibus ferrugineis dense pilis longis

patentibus hirsutis, internodiis brevibus vel elongatis; folia brevis-

sime petiolata chartacea vel subcoriacea, petiolo crasso vix ad 3 mm.

longo hirsuto; lamina oblonga vel anguste oblonga, 5.5-10 cm. longa

2-4 cm. lata obtuse acuta vel acuminata, basi rotundata vel obtusis-

sima, marginibus revolutis, supra viridis sparse hirsuta vel serius

glabrata, costa anguste impressa, nervis prominulis vel fere obsoletis,

subtus pallidior brunnescens sat dense pilis longis patentibus hirsuta

vel maturitate glabrescens, costa prominente, nervis lateralibus

remotis prominulis angulo lato divergentibus; flores in axillis aggre-

gati sessiles; calyx ad apicem baccae persistens breviter hirsutus,

lobis 4 erectis rotundo-ovatis 1.5 mm. longis; bacca globosa grosse

glanduloso-punctata 5 mm. alta sparse hirtella vel fere glabra;

semina 1-2 pallide brunnea lucidissima laevia ca. 5 mm. diam. —

Guatemala: Dept. Alta Verapaz: Bordering a savanna on the south

side of Cerro Chinaja, alt. 150-180 meters, March 20, 1942, Julian

A. Steyermark 45142 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Savanna north

of Conception, near the Pete"n boundary, 100 meters, Steyermark

45232.

The species is noteworthy for its oblong leaves, sessile clustered

fruits, and especially the dense spreading hirsute pubescence.

Eugenia jutiapensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex,

ramis teretibus, junioribus pilis longiusculis patentibus dense pilosis

gracilibus, internodiis foliis multo brevioribus; folia crasse mem-

branacea brevissime petiolata, petiolo crasso usque 4 mm. longo

dense piloso; lamina oblongo-elliptica 8.5-11.5 cm. longa 4-5.5 cm.

lata breviter obtuso-acuminata, basi anguste rotundata, supra in

sicco griseo-viridis epunctata ad costam prominulam puberula vel

breviter pilosula, aliter glabra, nervis venisque prominulis conspicuis,

subtus fere concolor ubique breviter patenti-pilosa, costa gracili

elevata, nervis lateralibus 8-9-jugis tenerrimis angulo semirecto vel

latiore adscendentibus arcuatis irregularibus prominentibus, venis

quoque prominentibus laxe reticulatis, vix punctata ; flores ad nodos

defoliates fasciculati, pedicellis gracillimis plerumque 2-2.5 cm. longis

130 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

dense pilis brevibus patentibus pilosis, bracteolis late ovatis sub-

acutis glabratis ciliatis; hypanthium obovoideum densissime albido-

pilosum 3.5 mm. longum; sepala 4 inaequalia pallida ovalia 5 mm.

longa subcucullata apice rotundata, intus glabra extus puberula;

discus 2.5 mm. latus glaber; stylus gracilis ca. 7 mm. longus glaber.—

Guatemala: Dept. Jutiapa: Jutiapa, December 21, 1938, John R.

Johnston 1480 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

There is some uncertainty as to just where this plant was col-

lected, but at least it was probably in the Department of Jutiapa,

and most probably along the road between Jutiapa and Cuilapa, in

the mountains near the boundary between the departments of

Jutiapa and Santa Rosa. The species is related to 'the Costa Rican

E. oreinoma Berg, which has larger, relatively broader leaves that

are merely obtuse, not rounded, at the base, and on much longer

petioles.

Eugenia papalensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor

10-metralis, ramis crassis subteretibus rimosis brunneis, novellis

sparse hirtellis, internodiis elongatis; folia magna glabra breviter

petiolata rigido-coriacea, petiolo crasso ca. 1 cm. longo; lamina

oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga 12-15 cm. longa 6-7.5 cm. lata, apice

rotundata vel anguste rotundata, basi rotundata vel obtusissima,

supra in sicco griseo-viridis, sublucida, costa subimpressa, nervis

obscuris, subtus paullo pallidior lutescens, costa crassiuscula elevata,

nervis lateralibus obscuris, venis obsoletis, sparse nigro-punctata;

fructus (delapsus tantum visus) globosus 2-2.3 cm. longus basi et

apice late rotundatus, dense glanduloso-papillosus glaber; calyx ad

apicem fructus persistens, lobis rotundatis ca. 3 mm. longis puberulis

apice rotundatis subpatentibus; semen 1 globosum fere 2 cm. diam. —

Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Cumbre Papal, between summit

and La Libertad, alt. 1,800-3,000 meters, August 19, 1942, Julian

A. Steyermark 50964 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Local name "Guayabillo." The material is imperfect, consisting

of a leafy branch and several detached fruits. It is evidently a

Eugenia, and clearly different from any other species known from

Central America, distinguished by its relatively large, obtuse or

rounded, thick-coriaceous leaves and large fruits.

Eugenia patalensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex

3-metralis vel arbuscula, ramis crassis teretibus griseis vel ferrugineis,

novellis rufo-puberulis cito glabratis, internodiis brevibus vel elon-

gatis; folia modica breviter petiolata rigido-coriacea, petiolo crasso

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— V 131

7-10 mm. longo glabro; lamina elliptico-oblonga 6.5-9 cm. longa

3-3.5 cm. lata acuta, acumine ipso obtuso, basi acuta, glabra, supra

intense viridis vulgo lucida, costa subimpressa, nervis interdum

manifestis sed vix prominulis, subtus pallidior, costa tenera elevata,

fusco-punctata, nervis manifestis sed vix prominulis, venis obsoletis;

flores in axillis aggregati fasciculati vel brevissime racemosi, pedicellis

crassis vix 1.5 mm. longis vel nullis puberulis; hypanthium minute

puberulum; calyx parvus vix 2.5 mm. latus glanduloso-punctatus

puberulus vel glabratus, lobis brevibus apice late rotundatis; stylus

gracilis glaber 4-5 mm. longus; fructus subglobosus 6-7 mm. longus

(immaturus) vel ultra, calyce persistente patulo coronata. — Guate-

mala: Dept. Baja Verapaz: On brushy slope, region of Fatal, alt.

about 1,600 meters, March 30, 1939, Paul C. Standley 69568 (type

in Herb. Field Mus.); April 4, 1941, Standley 91122, 91118. Moun-

tain side north of Santa Rosa, damp forest, about 1,650 meters,

March 30, 1939, Standley 69899.

Eugenia rheedioides Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex vel

arbor omnino glabra, ramis teretibus fusco-brunneis vel griseo-

brunneis rimosis, novellis tetragonis, internodiis brevibus vel elon-

gatis; folia inter minora breviter petiolata subcoriacea, petiolo 3-4

mm. longo; lamina elliptico-lanceolata, oblanceolata vel oblongo-

lanceolata 4-7.5 cm. longa 1.5-2.5 cm. lata abrupte acuminata vel

anguste longiacuminata, basi cuneato-acuminata, saepe supra

medium latissima, supra intense viridis lucida, costa anguste

impressa, nervis venisque manifestis sed non elevatis, subtus paullo

pallidior, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus numerosis tener-

rimis prominulis angulo acuto adscendentibus, venis vulgo obsoletis;

inflorescentiae terminales vel ex axillis supremis nascentes cymosae

triflorae vel pauciflorae folia vix aequantes pedunculatae, flore

terminal! sessili, lateralibus longipedunculatis; bracteolae parvae

ovatae late patentes; alabastra glabra 5 mm. longa pyriformia,

hypanthio turbinato basi acuto; calycis segmenta rotundo-ovata

apice rotundata dense punctata coriacea; petala ca. 5 mm. longa

vix punctata. — Guatemala: Dept. Quiche": Without special locality,

in 1942, Jose Ignacio Aguilar 1757 (type in Herb. Field Mus.), 1754.

An ally of E. fragrans (Swartz) Willd., but conspicuously different

in the acuminate or long-acuminate leaves and glabrous inflorescence.

Eugenia sasoana Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex 4.5 m.

altus saltern in statu adulto omnino glaber, ramis gracillimis tereti-

bus griseis vel pallide brunneis, internodiis plerumque elongatis ad

132 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

nodos complanatis; folia inter minora chartacea breviter petiolata,

petiolo gracili 4-5 mm. longo; lamina lanceolata vel lineari-lanceolata

4.5-6.5 cm. longa 8-15 mm. lata, apicem versus longe attenuata,

apice ipso obtuso, basi acuta vel subobtusa, supra in sicco cinereo-

viridis vel laete viridis dense glanduloso-punctata, costa plana, venis

obsoletis, subtus pallidior dense punctata, costa gracillima elevata,

nervis lateralibus obscuris vix prominulis angulo acuto adscendenti-

bus; flores breviter racemosi, racemis paucifloris, pedicellis fructi-

feris brevibus crassis; calyx ad apicem baccae persistens glaber 3 mm.

longus dense punctatus, segmentis rotundo-ovatis obtusissimis vel

apice rotundatis subcucullatis suberectis; bacca ovalis 8-12 mm.

longa dense papilloso-punctata glabra basi et apice rotundata.—

Guatemala: Chiquimula: Rocky slopes, Montana Castilla, vicinity

of Montana Cebollas, along Rio Lucia Saso, 3 miles southeast of

Quezaltepeque, alt. 1,200-1,500 meters, November 6, 1939, Julian

A. Steyermark 31327 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Known only from incomplete and rather unsatisfactory material;

noteworthy for the small, very narrow leaves and the rather large

fruit, conspicuously longer than broad.

Eugenia savannarum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor

7-metralis, ramis teretibus fusco-brunnescentibus, novellis dense

brunneo-tomentosis, intefnodiis plerumque brevibus; folia majuscula

petiolata coriacea lucida, petiolo crasso 10-14 mm. longo glabrato;

lamina elliptica vel saepius oblongo-elliptica 7.5-13 cm. longa

4-6.5 cm. lata subacuta vel obtusa, apice ipso obtuso, basi acuta vel

late cuneata, saltern in statu adulto glabra, supra intense viridis,

costa anguste profundeque impressa, nervis obsoletis vel vix mani-

festis, subtus in sicco brunnescens, costa gracili elevata, nervis

lateralibus numerosis tenerrimis angulo latiusculo divergentibus

rectis juxta marginem in nervum collectivum conjunctis, venis

prominulis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentiae axillares breviter racemo-

sae petiolis subaequales pauciflorae dense rufo-tomentosae, pedicellis

brevibus crassis vel fere nullis, interdum usque 3 mm. longis, bracteo-

lis sejunctis ovatis acutis dense tomentosis persistentibus; hypan-

thium dense rufo-tomentosum obovoideo-globosum ; calyx patens

extus intusque dense tomentosus, segmentis rotundo-ovalibus apice

rotundatis subaequalibus 4 mm. longis et fere aequilatis; recepta-

culum 3 mm. latum tomentosum vel glabratum, stylo ca. 6 mm.

longo glabro. — Guatemala: Dept. Alta Verapaz: Savanna between

base of Cerro Chinaja at Sachaj and Sacacao, alt. 150-180 meters,

April 6, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 45710 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— V 133

i

Psidium Solisii Standl., sp. nov. — Ut videtur frutex dense

ramosus, ramis teretibus vel in statu juvenili obtuse compresso-

quadrangularibus glabris gracilibus brunnescentibus vel serius

griseis sat dense foliatis, internodiis brevibus; folia parva brevissime

petiolata subcoriacea, petiolo vix ultra 2 mm. longo; lamina elliptico-

oblonga vel lanceolato-oblonga 2.5-4.5 cm. longa 1-1.8 cm. lata

apicem obtusum versus paullo angustata, basi acuta, glabra, supra

sublucida, costa nervisque prominulis vel fere planis, subtus in

sicco fusco-brunnescens, densiuscule punctata, costa elevata, nervis

lateralibus ca. 7-jugis angulo acuto adscendentibus prominulis vel

obsoletis, margine saepe revoluto; pedunculi axillares 1-3-flori 5-15

mm. longi graciles sed rigidi glabri glanduloso-punctati; calyx

deciduus, ut videtur inaequaliter ruptus; bacca globosa 10-12 mm.

diam. glabra basi rotundata; semina 1-2 globosa vel semiglobosa

brunnea 6-7 mm. lata. — Costa Rica: Hatillo, Finca de J. F. Rojas,

alt. 1,100 meters, December 26, 1936, F. Solis 509 (type in Herb.

Field Mus.). La Palma de San Ramon, January 12, 1928, A. M.

Brenes 5989.

Local name "Pizco." The two collections were determined at

first as P. Sartorianum (Berg) Ndzu., a more northern species to

which this plant is closely related. It is conspicuously distinct,

however, in its very obtuse, narrow leaves.

MELASTOMACEAE

Diolena calciphila Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba vel

suffrutex humilis erectus vel basi decumbens simplex, usque ad 20

cm. altus, caule nodoso paleaceo-strigoso, internodiis brevibus; folia

crasse membranacea subaequalia vel jugi saepe valde inaequalia,.

graciliter petiolata, petiolis inaequalibus ad 2 cm. longis, adpresse

paleaceo-strigosis; lamina elliptica, ovato-elliptica vel oblongo-

lanceolata 4-7.5 cm. longa 1.5-4.5 cm. lata, acuta vel anguste acu-

minata, basi rotundata usque acuta 3-5-plinervia, supra viridis

glabra, subtus pallidior ad nervos venasque strigosa, subintegra vel

serrulata; inflorescentia terminalis cum pedunculo usque ad 7 cm.

longa pauciflora, rhachi glabra vel glabrata, pedicellis crassiusculis

ad 3 mm. longis sparse furfuraceis vel glabris; hypanthium 2-2.5

mm. longum turbinatum adpresse et vulgo sparse paleaceo-stri-

gosum; calycis lobuli brevissimi depressi membranacei, dentibus

exterioribus viridibus subulatis subpatentibus 1.5-2 mm. longis;

petala alba 8 mm. longa; antherae oblongae 1.2 mm. longae; con-

nectivi calcaria 2 gracillima erecta antheram aequantia; capsula

134 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

7 mm. lata. — Guatemala: Dept. Quiche": Steep bank in dense forest,

"Zona reina," alt. 750 meters, December 2, 1934, A. F. Skutch 1811

(type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. Alta Verapaz: In forest, Coban,

1,350 meters, May, 1908, Tuerckheim II.1716A. Dense wet lime-

stone forest near Chirriacte", on the Pete"n Highway, about 900

meters, April, 1941, Standley 91630, 91894, 91617.

So far as we know, the genus Diolena has not been reported

previously from North America, the other representatives of the

group, 10 or fewer, being native in northwestern South America.

It was surprising to find in studying the rather extensive Guate-

malan material of "Triolena" that five distinct species were repre-

sented, in place of the single one that had been known heretofore.

Further study showed that three of these distinct forms actually

were referable to Diolena rather than Triolena. These two genera

are exactly alike in general appearance, so far as most of their species

are concerned, and are separated only upon the basis of the number

of appendages of the anther connective, three in Triolena and two in

Diolena. In view of the uniformity in habit and general appearance

of the plants, it would seem that this difference is purely an artificial

one, and that it would be more sensible to consider all as constituting

a single genus of closely related species. So far as the Guatemalan

species of the two groups are concerned, the Triolenas may be recog-

nized by having the hypanthium covered with very long, spreading

hairs, while in Diolena the indument consists of sparse, short, closely

appressed hairs, or sometimes is almost wholly wanting. Two of the

collections cited above under D. calciphila have been distributed as

Triolena paleacea Donn. Smith, to which this plant does bear a close

resemblance.

Diolena roseiflora Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba vel

suffrutex erectus vel basi decumbens simplex vix ultra 30 cm. altus,

caule crasso subtereti densissime paleaceo-strigoso, paleis angustis-

simis brunnescentibus, internodiis brevibus vel aliquanto elongatis;

folia jugi aequalia vel valde inaequalia, membranacea, petiolis sub-

aequalibus vel inaequalibus 1-6.5 cm. longis, dense furfuraceo-

strigosis; lamina elliptico-oblonga vel ovato-oblonga 6-20 cm. longa

2.5-8.5 cm. lata acuminata vel longiacuminata, basin versus paullo

cuneato-angustata, basi ipsa anguste rotundata vel obtusa, 5-pli-

nervia, supra sparse setoso-hirsuta, subtus pallidior, ad nervos

venasque dense strigosa, integra vel subintegra; racemi terminales

cum pedunculo elongate 6-13 cm. longi, rhachi paleaceo-strigosa

vel fere omnino glabra, pedicellis crassis usque 3 mm. longis; hypan-

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— V 135

thium cum sepalis 2-2.5 mm. longum campanulatum dense minute

furfuraceo-strigillosum; sepala brevissima vel fere nulla, exteriora

0.5-1 mm. longa subulata; petala 6-7 mm. longa glabra roseo-

purpurea vel intense rosea; connectivi appendices 2 gracillimi

antheram aequantes; antherae oblongae ca. 1.2 mm. longae; capsula

8 mm. lata. — Guatemala: Dept. Izabal: Along Rio Tameja, Cerro

San Gil, alt. 50 meters, December 24, 1941, Julian A. Steyermark

41819. Between Escoba and Montana Escoba, across the bay from

Puerto Barrios, Steyermark 39317. Wet forest, Escoba, May, 1939,

Standley 72900, 72943.

In most respects this is similar to D. calciphila, but it differs

from that in the hirsute upper surface of the leaves, usually much

larger leaf blades, and rose-purple rather than white petals.

Diolena stenophylla Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Suffrutex

erectus rigidus 15-30 cm. altus simplex vel saepe superne pauci-

ramosus, caule superne gracili dense foliato dense pilis brevibus

brunnescentibus furfuraceo-strigoso, subtereti; folia inter minora

jugi subaequalia vel valde inaequalia, membranacea, graciliter

petiolata, petiolo 1 cm. longo vel vulgo multo breviore furfuraceo-

strigilloso; lamina lineari-lanceolata usque anguste lanceolata vel

anguste oblanceolata plerumque 4-7 cm. longa et 7-15 mm. lata,

longe attenuata, apice ipso acuto, basin versus vulgo sensim atten-

uata usque subobtusa, 3-plinervia et supra basin conspicue et fere

aequaliter penninervia, remote serrulata, supra intense viridis sparse

setoso-hirsuta, subtus pallidior sparse setoso-hispida ad nervos

strigosa; racemi terminales vel ex axillis supremis nascentes pauci-

flori folia aequantes vel eis breviores, rhachi sparse furfuraceo-

strigillosa vel fere glabra, pedicellis crassis usque 3 mm. longis;

hypanthium campanulatum 2-2.5 mm. longum dense furfuraceo-

strigillosum; sepala interiora brevissima depressa, exteriora tri-

angulari-subulata ca. 1.5 mm. longa suberecta; petala alba vel roseo

tincta glabra 7-8 mm. longa; antherae 1.2 mm. longae; connectivi

appendices 2 filiformes erecti antheram subaequantes; capsula 7

mm. lata. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Common on rocks

in rich wet forest, between Maxbal and the lake to the southeast,

alt. about 1,500 meters, July 15-16, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark

48728 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Alta Verapaz: Between Hacienda

Yaxcabnal along Rio Icvolay and Rio Apia, northwest of Cubil-

giiitz, 210-250 meters, March, 1942, Steyermark 45007, 44767.

Wooded slopes near Rio Icvolay, near Hacienda Yaxcabnal, 250-300

meters, March, 1942, Steyermark 44702.

136 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

From the other Guatemalan species this is distinguishable at

once by the small, very narrow leaves, which are thinly but con-

spicuously hirsute on the lower surface. The leaves are pale green

and rose-colored beneath, the calyx and hypanthium pale rose, and

the pedicels rose-lavender.

Conostegia volcanalis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex

vel arbor 6-9-metralis, ramulis crassis dense stellato-furfuraceis,

tomento brunnescenti; folia firme membranacea majuscula longi-

petiolata conspicue saltern supra medium undulato-dentata, petiolo

gracili furfuraceo-puberulo vel glabrato 2.5-4 cm. longo; lamina

elliptica vel late elliptica 12-24 cm. longa 6-15 cm. lata breviter

cuspidato-acuminata, basi acuta vel late cuneata, 5-plinervia, nervis

interioribus 1-2.5 cm. supra basin laminae nascentibus, supra glabra,

subtus ad nervos venasque densiuscule stellato-tomentosa vel gla-

brata; paniculae breviter longeve pedunculatae folia subaequantes

divaricato-ramosae multiflorae stellato-puberulae vel glabratae,

floribus longiuscule pedicellatis; alabastra subglobosa 7-9 mm. longa

et fere aequilata, apice rotundata et obscure apiculata, sparse

minutissime furfuracea vel fere omnino glabra; antherae anguste

oblongae 3 mm. longae; ovarium apice profunde depressum glabrum

ca. 12-loculare. — Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango : Damp forest,

Chiquihuite, alt. 1,410 meters, March 8, 1939, Paul C. Standley

68152 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Above Mujulia, damp dense

mixed forest on white sand slopes, 1,800 meters, February, 1941,

Standley 85672. Southeastern slopes of Volcan de Santa Maria,

1,300-1,400 meters, Steyermark 34333. Dept. San Marcos: Southern

slopes of Volcan de Tajumulco, 1,400-1,700 meters, Steyermark

37295. — Mexico: Chiapas: Mount Ovando, E. Matuda 2644; Laguna,

Salina Montecristo, Matuda 2049.

This plant is related to C. sphaerica Triana, but that, according

to photographs and authentic material available for comparison, is

very different in its small leaves and flowers. Also related is C.

Bernoulliana Cogn. of Guatemala, which is distinguished by its much

narrower, essentially triplinerved leaves.

Monochaetum guatemalense Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.—

Herba perennis erecta et ad 30 cm. alta vel saepe decumbens vel

procumbens et late laxeque ramosa, caulibus fusco-brunneis sparse

strigosis vel fere glabris, ad angulos subalatis; folia laxa tenuia

graciliter petiolata, petiolo 3-10 mm. longo strigoso; lamina ovata

vel late ovata 1-2.5 cm. longa 6-10 mm. lata, acuta vel obtusa, basi

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— V 137

late rotundata vel obtusa, 5-plinervia, utrinque sparse strigosa,

subtus vix pallidior, Integra; flores pauci solitarii axillares vel

ramulos breves terminantes, pedicellis pilis eglandulosis sparse

setoso-strigosis; hypanthium in statu fructifero campanulatum 5-8

mm. longum sparse pilis rigidiusculis basi tuberculatis patentibus

glanduloso-hirsutum; sepala persistentia triangulari-oblonga 6 mm.

longa purpureo-rubra acuminata pectinato-ciliata glabra; petala

roseo-purpurea 9 mm. longa; stylus 9 mm. longus; antherae longiores

4 mm. longae. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Vicinity of

Quetzal, alt. 2,300 meters, July 10, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark

48512 (type in Herb. Field Mus.); Cerro Huitz, between Barillas

and Mimanhuitz, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, 1,600-2,600 meters,

Steyermark 48541. Dept. San Marcos: Rio Vega, near San Rafael

and Guatemala-Mexico boundary, Volcan de Tacana, 2,500-3,000

meters, Steyermark 36230.

All the collections, unfortunately, are in fruit, so that the stamen

characters can not be determined, and the systematic position of the

species is therefore uncertain, but the plant is clearly unlike any of

the five other species of Monochaetum known from Guatemala, nor

can it be associated with any of the exclusively Mexican ones. In

its appressed pubescence it suggests M. Deppeanum (Schlecht. &

Cham.) Naud., but that is altogether different in its erect habit

and many-flowered inflorescences. The closest relative is probably

M. tenellum Naud., in which the stems are conspicuously hirsute

with spreading hairs and the leaves proportionately narrower.

Rhynchanthera medialis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex

vel suffrutex ramosus, ramulis sat gracilibus subteretibus glabris;

folia membranacea graciliter petiolata saepe in axillis foliis parvis

reductis ca. 1 cm. longis breviter petiolatis comitata, petiolo gracili

10-18 mm. longo; lamina oblongo-ovata 6-7.5 cm. longa 2.5-3.5 cm.

lata acuminata vel longiacuminata, basi anguste rotundata et bre-

viter cordata 5-plinervia subintegra, supra glabra nervis anguste

impressis, subtus prope basin albido-barbata, aliter glabra; inflores-

centia alaris cymoso-corymbosa in statu fructifero 9 cm. lata multi-

flora, capsulis usque ad 1 cm. longe pedicellatis glabris; hypanthium

in statu fructifero campanulatum glabrum 7-8 mm. longum; se-

pala in statu fructifero recurva linearia acuta vix ultra 3 mm. longa;

semina cuneiformia 1.2 mm. longa. — Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos:

Along Quebrada Suchate1, between Canjula and La Union Juarez,

near southeast portion of Volcan de Tacana, alt. 2,000-3,000 meters,

138 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

February 22, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 36386 (type in Herb.

Field Mus.).

While it is reprehensible to describe as new a member of this

family in which flower characters are unknown, it is desirable to have

a name for this plant. It is evidently a Rhynchanthera and the only

representative of that genus known in Guatemala. At present there

are known from Central America two species of the genus, one that

has been found in both Mexico and Panama, the other in Costa

Rica and Panama. Both of them differ from the Guatemalan plant

in having the leaves abundantly hirsute or pilose on both surfaces,

and in having abundant pubescence on the branches.

Triolena izabalensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.— Herba vel

suffrutex erectus vel decumbens ca. 30 cm. altus simplex, caule

nodoso dense pilis longis patentibus fulvido-hirsuto, internodiis

brevibus; folia membranacea inaequaliter petiolata magna, petiolo

gracili 0.5-4 cm. longo dense hirsute; lamina obovato-oblonga vel

anguste elliptico-oblonga 9-20 cm. longa 4.5-7 cm. lata, acuta vel

breviter acuminata, basin versus paullo angustata, basi ipsa rotun-

data et emarginata vel breviter cordata, saepe inaequali, serrato-

denticulata, 5-7-plinervia, nervis interioribus usque 3 cm. supra

basin laminae nascentibus, supra sparse setoso-hirsuta, subtus

paullo pallidior sparse denseve pilis fulvescentibus setoso-hirsuta,

ad nervos adpresso-setosa; inflorescentiae cum pedunculo brevi vel

elongate 3-13 cm. longae secundiflorae multiflorae, rhachi dense

patenti-hirsuta, pedicellis crassis usque 3 mm. longis; hypanthium

sat dense pilis longissimis patentibus indutum; petala alba glabra

ca. 8 mm. longa; hypanthium in statu fructifero 7 mm. latum;

connectivi appendices 3 filiformes valde adscendentes. — Guatemala :

Dept. Izabal : In banana plantation near headwaters of Rio Lampara,

February 7, 1939, C. L. Wilson 175 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Rio Dulce, common on shaded lower wooded slopes of bluffs, Rio

Dulce above Livingston, April, 1940, Steyermark 38441.

The only other Guatemalan species of the genus is T. paleolata

Bonn. Smith in which all the pubescence of the lower leaf surface

consists of closely appressed hairs.

ERICACEAE

Arctostaphylos pyrifolia (Bonn. Smith) Standl. & Steyerm.,

comb. nov. A. arguta var. pyrifolia Bonn. Smith ex Loes. Bull.

Herb. Boiss. II. 3: 319. 1903. Comarostaphylis pyrifolia Small, N.

Amer. Fl. 29: 91. 1914.

139

Pernettia saxicola Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Fruticulus

repens ramosus, ramis gracillimis vix 1 mm. crassis minute puberulis

ferrugineis laxe foliatis; folia parva brevissime petiolata subcoriacea

oblongo-lanceolata, ovato-oblonga vel inferiora ovata, plerumque

6-9 mm. longa et usque ad 3 mm. lata, obtusa vel subacuta, basi

obtusa vel rotundata, crenata, glabra, supra lucida, costa plana vel

subimpressa, subtus paullo pallidiora, costa prominente, nervis

obsoletis; flores axillares solitarii breviter crasseque pedicellati,

pedicellis minutissime puberulis vel glabris bracteis longioribus, brae-

tea glabra eciliata ; sepala lanceolato-oblonga ca. 2.2 mm. longa acumi-

nata glabra eciliata; corolla alba ovoideo-urceolata 3 mm. longa

glabra. — Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos: Creeping among crevices

of rocks on summit of dome, Volcan de Tacana, alt. about 4,400

meters, February 19, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 36110 (type in

Herb. Field Mus.).

In his account of the Mexican species of Pernettia, Camp (Bull.

Torrey Club 66: 22. 1939) recognized six species in place of the one

recognized by Sleumer in his treatment of the genus. The six are

very closely related and it is suspected that Sleumer was nearly

right in his treatment of them. The present plant is probably a

better species than any of the five extra ones discussed or described

by the former author. While it is related, according to Camp's key,

to P. buxifolia Mart. & Gal., it is very different from all Mexican

and Guatemalan species in its repent habit, almost filiform stems, and

very small leaves.

Vaccinium haematinum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex

4.5 m. altus, ramis subteretibus fusco-brunneis, novellis puberulis

vel glabratis, internodiis brevibus; folia alterna rigide coriacea bre-

viter petiolata lucida in sicco plus minusve brunnescentia, petiolo

crasso 4-5 mm. longo puberulo vel glabrato; lamina elliptica vel

oblongo-elliptica 4-6.5 cm. longa 1.5-4 cm. lata obtusa, basi acuta

vel late cuneata, obsolete remoteque adpresso-crenata vel fere

integra, glabra, costa supra plana vel late breviterque impressa,

nervis venisque obsoletis, subtus paullo pallidior epunctata, costa

crassiuscula prominente, nervis lateralibus ca. 7-jugis prominulis

angulo acuto adscendentibus fere rectis vel irregularibus, venis

prominulis laxe reticulatis; flores in axillis brevissime racemosi,

racemis paucifloris vix ultra 1 cm. longis sparse puberulis, rhachi

brevissima, pedicellis crassiusculis ca. 4 mm. longis, bracteolis

pedicelli paullo infra mediam insertis lanceolatis adpressis; hypan-

thium sparse minuteque puberulum vel fere glabrum; calycis lobi

140 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

deltoidei 1 mm. longi acuti; bacca rubra 5 mm. longa glabra.—

Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Cerro Huitz, between Miman-

huitz and Yulhuitz, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, alt. 1,500-2,600

meters, July 14, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 48572 (type in Herb.

Field Mus.).

Here probably belongs Steyermark 42836 from Sierra de las

Minas, Zacapa, at 2,000-2,600 meters. This specimen bears flower

buds only, in a very immature stage. Its leaves are lanceolate or

lance-oblong, varying to elliptic-oblong, and are mostly 3.5-4.5 cm.

long and only 1-1.5 cm. wide. It is possible that two species are

represented by these collections, but the variation in foliage is quite

within limits that may be expected in this family. Because of the

incomplete nature of the available material, we are unable to suggest

any close relative of this plant, and it does not suggest any other

species of Mexico or Central America. The texture and general

appearance of the leaves are reminiscent of those of V. cordatum

Hemsl., but that has an elongate racemose inflorescence and, of

course, conspicuously cordate leaves.

RUBIACEAE

Borreria Dussii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 185. 1936.—

Recently, in going over some type photographs received from the

Paris herbarium, the writer was chagrined to find one illustrating

the type of Borreria scandens DC. This clearly represents the Guade-

loupe plant described recently as Borreria Dussii. Investigation of

the literature relating to the former name shows, however, that B.

Dussii is a valid name (unless some other intervening one has been

overlooked), and that De Candolle's name can not be applied to the

Guadeloupe species.

The type photograph (Neg. 33551) illustrates a specimen col-

lected in Guadeloupe by Bertero. This specimen is cited by De

Candolle, and agrees with his description. However, he cites as

synonyms "Diodia sarmentosa e Guadalupa Spreng. syst. 1. p. 405.

Sperm, scandens Gmel. syst. 235. — Sloan, jam. hist. 1. t. 28. f. 4."

It is apparent that De Candolle's name is intended to be a transfer

of Gmelin's. The Index Kewensis cites no Spermacoce scandens

Gmel. but does list Spermacoce scandens Aubl. PI. Guian. 1: 61. 1775.

Gmelin's name was published in the work cited but on page 234

(not 235), and he makes no mention of Aublet's earlier publication

of the same name. However, both Aublet and Gmelin cite the Sloane

illustration, upon which one may assume both based their new

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— V 141

species. There is no reason for supposing that Gmelin had any other

basis for his new name, but Aublet describes a Guiana plant that he

associated with Sloane's illustration.

The Sloane figure is a wretched one, of a sterile plant of no dis-

tinctive characters, and might represent almost any small, slender

plant with opposite, rounded leaves. Moreover, it pertains to a

Jamaica plant, and there is no reason for supposing that Borreria

Dussii grows in Jamaica. The Sloane plate is not mentioned, appar-

ently, by Fawcett and Rendle in the Flora of Jamaica. I have no

suggestions to offer as to the identity of Spermacoce scandens Aubl.,

which is not listed, either, in Flora Brasiliensis. Whatever it may

be, whether based upon Guiana material or upon Sloane's plate, it

is clearly not Borreria Dussii, and the latter remains a valid name,

with Borreria scandens DC., non Spermacoce scandens Aubl., as a

synonym.

COMPOSITAE

Aster bimater Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba erecta

perennis, e radice crassa lignosa nascens, caulibus 1-pluribus gracili-

bus inferne simplicibus superne laxe racemoso-paniculatis dense pilis

albis patentibus pilosis vel hirsutis, sat dense foliatis, inferne brun-

nescentibus; folia parva patentia linearia vel oblongo-linearia

plerumque 1-2.5 cm. longa 1-2.5 mm. lata acuta vel obtusa et

mucronata, integerrima, sessilia, basi obtusa non amplexicaulia,

utrinque sat dense pilis albis patentibus hirsutula, 1-nervia; inflores-

centia laxe paniculata, ramis gracilibus adscendentibus, ramis

monocephalis, sparse denseve foliatis, foliis reductis patentibus,

capitulis breviter vel longiuscule pedunculatis, pedunculis glandu-

loso-puberulis; involucrum hemisphaericum 6-7 mm. altum et ca.

8 mm. latum; phyllaria gradatim pauciseriata linearia inferne albida

superne herbacea subobtusa mucronato-apiculata glanduloso-pu-

berula, apicibus plus minusve patentibus; radii ligulae 7-8 mm.

longae 1.5 mm. latae; disci corollae gracillimae 5.5 mm. longae

glabrae breviter 5-dentatae; achaenia 1.8 mm. longa sparse antrorso-

hispidula, pappi setis brunnescentibus 6 mm. longis. — Mexico:

Chiapas: Hillsides near Hacienda Monserrate, May, 1927, C. A.

Purpus 12091 (type in Herb. Field Mus.); September, 1923, Purpus

9071. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Aguacatan road, 10-15

km. east of Huehuetenango, alt. about 1,900 meters, January, 1941,

Standley 81931, 82065.

Related to A. moranensis HBK. (A. Lima Lindl.) of Mexico,

which differs in the appressed pubescence of stems and leaves,

142 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

strongly ciliate phyllaries, and erect or strongly ascending leaves

of the flowering branches.

Cacalia pinetorum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba erecta

robusta ca. metralis inferne simplex superne laxe ramosa, caule

tereti crasso ima basi dense lanoso, ubique sat dense pilis albis laxis

longiusculis plurilocularibus villoso, striato; folia radicalia ca. 25

cm. longe petiolata, lamina ambitu suborbiculari ca. 18 cm. lata fere

ad medium 7-loba, supra sparse villosa, subtus pallida sat dense

longivillosa vel in statu juvenili tomentosa, membranacea, lobis

late oblongis vel oblongo-ovatis obtusis vel subacutis undulatis vel

sublobatis, interdum inaequaliter remoteque dentatis; inflorescentia

usque ad 50 cm. alta anguste paniculata, bracteis oblongis vel fere

linearibus sessilibus basi dilatatis et amplexicaulibus; capitula

numerosa cymosa sat dense aggregata, breviter vel longiuscule

pedicellata, bracteis basalibus paucis vel nullis brevibus linearibus;

involucrum 10-11 mm. altum laxe breviterque villosum viride; phyl-

laria 5 oblongo-linearia subacuta anguste pallido-marginata; corolla

12 mm. longa glabra, tubo fere filiformi, lobis 4 mm. longis; achae-

nia 5 mm. longa glabra, pappi setis albis 8 mm. longis. — Guatemala:

Dept. Quezaltenango: Pine forest, uppermost ridge of Volcan de

Santo Tomas, alt. 3,000-3,200 meters, January 22, 1940, Julian A.

Steyermark 34933 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Of the relationship of C. peltata HBK., but decidedly different

from it in leaf characters, and in the less numerous phyllaries.

Jungia guatemalensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herbacea

vel suffrutescens scandens vel sarmentosa, ramis crassiusculis sub-

teretibus striatis, novellis dense pilis sordidis patentibus pilosis vel

villosulis, internodiis elongatis; folia membranacea 2-9 cm. longe

petiolata, petiolo dense villosulo-hispidulo; lamina ambitu suborbi-

cularis 5-11 cm. longa, 5-14 cm. lata, basi breviter cordata, breviter

7-loba vel angulato-lobata, supra viridis ubique dense pilis plurilocu-

laribus villosula, subtus paullo pallidior dense molliterque tomentosa

et glanduloso-atomifera, e basi 3-nervia, bene supra basin inaequali-

ter 2-3-plinervia, lobis late rotundatis vel latissime triangularibus

integris vel undulatis; capitula alba in cymulas parvas densas con-

gesta, cymulis ample paniculatis, capitulis sessilibus vel breviter

pedicellatis, paniculis interruptis foliatis; phyllaria interiora ca. 8 et

5 mm. longa apice late triangulari-obtusa et subapiculata subrevoluta

oblonga, dorso densissime minute puberula, phyllariis extimis paucis

2-3 mm. longis elliptico-oblongis vel lanceolato-ovatis acuminatis;

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— V 143

achaenia linearia glabra, immatura 1.6 mm. longa, pappi setis 5-6

mm. longis albis breviter plumosis. — Guatemala: Dept. Alta Vera-

paz: Tactic, alt. 1,800 meters, March, 1903, Tuerckheim 8410 (type

in Herb. Field Mus.). Wet forest near Tactic, 1,400-1,500 meters,

March, 1941, Standley 90311.

Here probably belongs also a sterile collection from Quezal-

tenango, collected above Mujulia, at 1,800 meters, Standley 85683.

The type was distributed as J. ferruginea L. f., a species known from

Costa Rica but quite different from the Guatemalan plant. This is

related to the Peruvian J. spectabilis Don, but is clearly distinct from

it, according to authentic material from Peru. The Mexican J.

Pringlei Greenm. is described as having pubescent achenes and

acuminate hirsute phyllaries.

Perymenium inamoenum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.—

Herba vel suffrutex erectus sparse* vel laxe ramosus 40-75 cm. altus,

caulibus gracilibus saepe purpureo-maculatis obtuse tetragonis sat

dense pilis albidis asperis hispidulis, serius glabratis, internodiis

elongatis; folia inter minora petiolata crassiuscula rugosa, petiolo

usque ad 1 cm. longo hispidulo; lamina ovata vel oblongo-ovata

2.5-5.5 cm. longa 1-2.5 cm. lata acuta vel acuminata, basi rotundata

vel obtusa, crenato-serrata, supra scabra tactu asperrima, ad nervos

hispidula, venis impressis, subtus ubique dense hispidula, tripli-

nervia, venis prominentibus arete reticulatis; capitula lutea parva

longipedicellata laxe cymoso-corymbosa, pedicellis ad 3.5 cm. longis

dense hispidulis, disco ca. 6 mm. lato; involucrum late campanulatum

4-4.5 mm. altum; phyllaria ca. 2-seriata subaequalia viridescentia

ovato-oblonga vel lanceolato-oblonga dense strigillosa ciliata, acuta

vel acutiuscula, apicibus subherbaceis plus minusve recurvis; radii

ligula oblonga usque ad 7 mm. longa; achaenia atrobrunnea 2.5 mm.

longa minute strigillosa vel glabrata apice subtruncata; pappi setae

ca. 12 crassiusculae achaenio duplo breviores. — Guatemala: Dept.

Zacapa : Pine-covered slopes, Sierra de las Minas, along trail between

Rio Hondo and summit of mountain at Finca Alexandria, alt. 1,000-

1,500 meters, October, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark 29737 (type in

Herb. Field Mus.); also No. 29650. Dept. Jalapa: Dry rocky hill-

side, vicinity of Jalapa, alt. about 1,350 meters, November, 1940,

Standley 76667.

In most respects this resembles closely P. rude Rob. & Greenm.

of Mexico, but in that the flower heads are somewhat larger and the

pubescence of the branches and pedicels is closely appressed. In

144 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

this group of the genus the species have been multiplied beyond

reason and it is unfortunate to propose any new ones, but the present

plant can not be referred satisfactorily to any known species.

Perymenium jalapanum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Fru-

tex 3-metralis, ramis gracilibus sulcatis obtuse tetragonis pallide

viridibus, internodiis elongatis, sat dense strigosis; folia breviter

petiolata chartacea, petiolo crasso 5-10 mm. longo; lamina lanceolata

vel oblongo-lanceolata 8-10 cm. longa 2.5-3.5 cm. lata longe atten-

uato-acuminata, basi anguste rotundata vel obtusa, remote adpresso-

serrata, triplinervia vel sub-5-plinervia, supra dense hispidulo-scabra

et strigillosa, nervis prominulis, subtus paullo pallidior scabra,

utrinque tactu asperrima, venis subtus prominentibus et arete

reticulatis; inflorescentia cymoso-corymbosa vel cymoso-paniculata,

capitulis paucis luteis, disco ca. 1 cm. lato et 9 mm. alto, pedicellis

1-3.5 cm. longis dense strigosis^ involucrum 7-8 mm. altum late

campanula turn basi rotundatum; phyllaria 2-3-seriata, extimis

brevibus ovalibus, interioribus ovalibus vel late ovali-ovatis, omni-

bus apice rotundatis vel obtusissimis dense ciliatis, exterioribus dorso

strigosis, intimis fere glabris; radii lamina lineari-oblonga ca. 1 cm.

longa; achaenia 4 mm. longa nigrescentia fere glabra minute obscure-

que transverso-rugulosa; pappi setae ca. 1.8 mm. longae vel breviores

inaequales rigidae crassiusculae fulvescentes scabrae subpersistentes.

—Guatemala: Dept. Jalapa: Open meadow bordering cloud forest,

between Miramundo and summit of Montana Miramundo, 6 miles

south of Miramundo, alt. 2,000-2,300 meters, December 5, 1939,

Julian A. Steyermark 32685 (-type in Herb. Field Mus.).

In appearance this is much like P. Berlandieri DC. of Mexico,

which has less elongate leaves with denser, less closely appressed

pubescence, and a relatively dense and compact inflorescence.

Polymnia verapazensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba

erecta ramosa vulgo 1-1.5 m. alta, ramis sat dense pilis longis

plurilocularibus villosis; folia magna membranacea longipetiolata,

petiolo usque 9 cm. longo late marginato basi non dilatato, foliis

superioribus breviter petiolatis interdum subsessilibus; lamina late

deltoideo-ovata vel rotundo-ovata 14-18 cm. longa et 10-15 cm.

lata, acuminata, basi abrupte contracta et ad petiolum longe decur-

rens, triplinervia, arete minuteque denticulata, prope basin interdum

subhastato-lobata, supra sparse villosa, subtus tenuiter adpresso-

tomentosa vel interdum glabrata, foliis superioribus multo minoribus

ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis longiuscule acuminatis, elobatis, basin

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— V 145

versus sensim contractis; capitula magna paniculam magnam corym-

biformem efformantia longe graciliter pedicellata, pedicellis dense

longivillosis; phyllaria exteriora viridescentia late ovata vel rhom-

bico-ovata vel pro parte angustiora 13-17 mm. longa, acuminata vel

subito longiacuminata venosa, dorso pilis plurilocularibus longi-

villosa, interiora angusta dense stipitato-glandulosa; radii ligula

anguste oblonga vel lineari-oblonga ca. 1.5 cm. longa; achaenia

matura non visa. — Guatemala: Dept. Baja Verapaz: Panzal, alt.

1,000 meters, April, 1907, H. von Tuerckheim 11.1732 (type in Herb.

Field Mus.). Alta Verapaz: Pantin, below Tamahu, 600 meters,

Standley 70885A. Wet forest near Tactic, 1,400-1,500 meters,

Standley 90305.

Apparently a well-marked species, differing from all forms of

P. maculata Cav., the common species of Guatemala, in its villous

phyllaries and unlobed leaves. The type collection was distributed

under a name ascribed to Hieronymus that has not been published.

We have discarded the specific name used because of doubt concern-

ing its status, and also because it is altogether inappropriate for this

plant.

Salniea orthocephala Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex

1.5-2.5 cm. altus interdum sarmentosus vel subscandens, ramis

brunnescentibus vel ochraceis striatis fere omnino glabris; folia

chartacea breviter petiolata, petiolo vix ad 5 mm. longo; lamina

ovata, lanceolato-ovata vel interdum deltoideo-ovata 8-13 cm. longa

3.5-6 cm. lata longe angusteque acuminata, basi rotundata, saepe

subito angustata et breviter decurrens, remote serrato-dentata vel

subintegra, triplinervia, utrinque glabra vel subtus praesertim ad

nervos pilosa; capitula sordide alba 8 mm. alta turbinato-campanu-

lata sessilia vel usque ad 8 mm. longe pedicellata, dense cymoso-

paniculata, paniculis plus minusve corymbiformibus ad 10 cm. latis,

pedicellis erectis vel suberectis; involucrum 6.5 mm. altum ca. 4-

seriatum sensim graduatum; phyllaria ovato-orbicularia (extima)

vel obovato-ovalia apice late rotundata, ciliata, marginibus submem-

branaceis pallidis, dorso glabra vel glabrata pallida; paleae hyalinae

angustae apice rotundatae prope apicem puberulae; corolla glabra

3 mm. longa; achaenia nigrescentia compressa 3 mm. longa sparse

adpresso-pilosa, pappi setis brevibus. — Guatemala: Dept. Guate-

mala: In thickets by river, Concua Bridge over Rio Motagua, alt.

about 300 meters, December 8, 1938, Paul C. Standley 59321 (type

in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. Chiquimula: Base of Cerro Colorado,

along Rio Jocotan, near Jocotan, 400 meters, Steyermark 31535.

146 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

Rio Chiquimula, between Santa Barbara and Petapilla, 350-420

meters, Steyermark 30257.

While this is closely related to S. scandens (L.) DC., it is undoubt-

edly a distinct species. It has larger heads than is usual in that, the

pedicels are erect rather than spreading or ascending, thus giving

the inflorescence a different appearance, and the heads are larger

than is usual in that species, with broader, more rounded phyllaries.

It is believed that the following is another distinct Guatemalan

species:

Salmea pubescens (Blake) Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.—

S. scandens var. pubescens Blake, Brittonia 2: 351. 1937. The type

was collected by Skutch near Huehuetenango. We have examined

four other collections from the departments of Jalapa, Huehue-

tenango, and Baja Verapaz. All are alike, and easily distinguishable

from typical S. scandens as well as from the several varieties of it

that have been described.

Tagetes sororia Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba erecta

metralis vel saepe humilior ramosa, ramis gracilibus teretibus sparse

breviter pilosis vel villosis; folia opposita vel superiora alterna

pinnata, foliolis 9-15 membranaceis lanceolatis, oblanceolatis vel

anguste ellipticis 1-3.5 cm. longis acutis vel acuminatis rare obtusis

grosse serratis, supra puberulis, subtus dense pilosulis, glandulis

numerosis parvis sparsis; capitula pauca vel numerosa, pedunculis

3-9 cm. longis nudis vel bracteis paucis parvis pinnatisectis onustis;

involucrum anguste campanulatum 10-12 mm. longum basi obtusum

5-6 mm. latum glabrum; phyllaria 5-7 apice deltoidea obtusa, con-

spicue glandulis oblongis brevibus 2-seriatis onusta; ligulae oblongae

ca. 12 mm. longae luteae; disci corollae luteae 6 mm. longae puber-

ulae, tubo limbo bene breviore; achaenia 5 mm. longa fere glabra;

pappi setae 2 subulatae 3 mm. longae, aliis 3 oblongis vix 1 mm.

longis. — Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango: Mountains north of

Olintepeque, dry oak forest, alt. 2,500-2,800 meters, January 29,

1941, Paul C. Standley 85228 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

There are at hand also numerous other Guatemalan collections,

from the departments of Totonicapan, Quezaltenango, Huehue-

tenango, and San Marcos. By Rydberg (N. Amer. Fl. 34: 153. 1915)

the Guatemalan collections then available were referred to T.

zypaquirensis Humb. & Bonpl., a plant of Colombia and Ecuador.

Since the plant is not known from the mountains of Costa Rica,

it was at once suspected by the writers that a distinct species might

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— V 147

be represented in Guatemala, and comparison of material from the

two areas shows that this is the case. The South American speci-

mens of T. zypaquirensis are conspicuously different from the Guate-

malan ones in their short broad leaflets, very obtuse or rounded at

the apex, and in the numerous, conspicuous, well-developed bracts

scattered along the peduncles.

Trixis amphimalaca Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex

1-1.5 m. altus ramosus, ramis ochraceis vel brunnescentibus dense

sed laxe tomentosis, sat dense foliatis; folia omnia petiolata charta-

cea, petiolo crasso 3-6 mm. longo dense tomentoso; lamina oblongo-

lanceolata vel anguste elliptico-oblonga 4-6.5 cm. longa 1-2 cm. lata

acuta vel breviter acuminata, basi acuta vel attenuata, integra vel

subintegra, supra primo dense laxe tomentosa serius glanduloso-

pilosula vel glabrata, subtus tomento ochraceo laxo dense induta;

capitula ad apices ramorum dense congesta pauca breviter pedi-

cellata; phyllaria exteriora foliosa oblonga vel lanceolato-oblonga

interioribus paullo breviora acuta dense tomentosa; phyllaria

interiora oblongo-linearia ca. 12 mm. longa densissime pilis adscen-

dentibus mollibus pilosa et quoque glandulosa, acutiuscula; radii

ligulae luteae 5 mm. longae; achaenia 7 mm. longa linearia densis-

sime hispidula; pappi setae fulvescentes 12 mm. longae. — Guatemala:

Dept. Huehuetenango: Dry rocky hills north of Chiantla, alt. 2,000-

2,250 meters, January 6, 1941, Paul C. Standley 82538 (type in Herb.

Field Mus.); also No. 82579.

In describing this plant we are perhaps only adding another

poorly marked species to a genus that already has too many such

"species," but unless several others are reduced to synonymy or

varietal rank, it does not seem possible to associate this with any

of the species already described. It comes from the type locality of

T. chiantlensis Blake, and grows with or near it, which increases one's

suspicion regarding its distinctness. T. chiantlensis, however, differs

decidedly in its relatively scant pubescence, and in having the upper

as well as most of the leaves sessile or nearly so, and mostly rounded

or obtuse at the base. T. amphimalaca is much more distinct from

T. radialis than is T. chiantlensis, which is really very closely related

to T. radialis and perhaps only a form of it.

Verbesina petzalensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex

2-3.5 m. altus, ramis crassis petiolorum basibus decurrentibus

anguste alatis densissime glandulosis et sordide pilosulo-tomentu-

losis striatis; folia alterna sessilia vel alato-petiolata magna mem-

148 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

branacea oblongo-ovata vel lanceolato-oblonga, superiora usque ad

40 cm. longa atque 11 cm. lata acuta vel acuminata, basin versus

cuneata vel attenuata ad basin petioli decurrentia obsolete denti-

culata vel subintegra, supra viridia densissime scabra tactu asper-

rima, subtus densissime pilis brevibus sordidis patentibus vel sub-

adpressis pilosa; capitula parva alba paniculam magnam efformantia,

pedicellis usque ad 1 cm. longis rigidis, dense villosulo-hispidulis;

involucrum campanulatum basi obtusissimum 4-4.5 mm. altum

pilosulum; phyllaria ca. 3-seriata pallida lineari-spathulata vel

oblongo-obovata apice obtusa vel subrotundata et apiculata; radii

lamina alba ovalis vel late oblonga vix ultra 3 mm. longa; achaenia

3 mm. longa nigra glabra sparse minute tuberculata, basi longiuscule

stipitata, latiuscule albido-alata; pappi setae 2 erectae ca. 2 mm.

longae. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Damp hillside thicket,

near crossing of Rio San Juan Ixtan, east of San Rafael Pe"tzal, alt.

about 1,730 meters, January 9, 1941, Paul C. Standley 82921 (type

in Herb. Field Mus.).

In most respects this resembles closely V. scabriuscula Blake, a

common species of Guatemala, but in that the branches are naked,

not winged.

Vernonia medialis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba vel

frutex 1-1.5 m. altus laxe ramosus, ramis interdum recurvis multi-

striatis viridibus dense minute puberulis; folia breviter petiolata

membranacea utrinque viridia, petiolo crasso ad 4 mm. longo;

lamina lanceolato-oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga, interdum oblanceo-

lato-oblonga 7-15 cm. longa 2-6.5 cm. lata longiacuminata basi

acuta usque anguste rotundata integra, supra brevissime tubercu-

lato-pilosula vel serius scaberula vel glabrata, subtus concolor dense

resinosa praesertim at venas minute hispidula vel pilosula, saepe

fere glabra, non vel vix rugosa; cymae paucae vel numerosae sim-

plices vel laxe ramosae secundae elongatae recurvae, saltern prope

basin foliaceo-bracteatae, bracteis interdum fere omnia capitula

fulcrantibus foliis similibus sed brevioribus; capitula sessilia cam-

panulata 7-8 mm. alta approximata vel distantia; phyllaria numerosa

multiseriata tenuiter laxeque arachnoideo-tomentosa, extima brevia

subpatentia spinoso-subulata, costa incrassata excurrente, mediis

subadpressis lineari-lanceolatis attenuatis et plus minusve spinoso-

subulatis, intimis late linearibus pallide marginatis acutis vel acumi-

natis; flores albi vel roseo-albi ca. 25, corollis fere filiformibus glabris;

achaenia pallida 2.5 mm. longa densissime antrorso-hispidula; pappi

setae albae 6 mm. longae, squamis exterioribus oblongo-linearibus

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— V 149

brevibus albis. — Guatemala: Dept. Retalhuleu: Damp thicket, Rio

Coyote, along road 4 km. west of Retalhuleu, alt. about 300 meters,

February 17, 1941, Paul C. Standley 87473 (type in Herb. Field

Mus.). Vicinity of Retalhuleu, 240 meters, Standley 88793. Dept.

Escuintla: Near Escuintla, 135-300 meters, January, 1939, Standley

63899, 63945.

A relative of V. canescens HBK., which differs in its relatively

broader and shorter leaves, with the under surface of the leaves

usually covered with a very dense indument of long antrorse hairs.

The present plant is more or less intermediate between V. canescens

and V. argyropappa, resembling the latter in habit and also in the

leafy bracts subtending some of the lower heads of the cymes.

Zexnienia pinetorum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba

perennis erecta e radice brevi crassa nascens, caulibus paucis vulgo

50-100 cm. altis ramosis gracilibus dense sparseve pilis patentibus

albis hispidis; folia brevi ter petiolata ovata vel rhombico-ovata

3.5-7 cm. longa 1.5-3.5 cm. lata, acuta vel acuminata, basi late

cuneata vel saepe subito contracta et longe interdum fere ad basin

petioli decurrentia, triplinervia, adpresso-serrata vel subintegra,

supra densissime tuberculato-hispida et glandulosa tactu aspera,

subtus densissime molliterque hispido-pilosa; capitula pauca longis-

sime pedunculata solitaria vel ternata, pedunculis nudis vel pauci-

bracteatis hispidulis et hirsutis; involucrum late campanula turn 7-8

mm. altum 3-seriatum; phyllaria extima triangulari-oblonga obtusa

hispidula, interioribus oblongis obtusis vel acutis glabris vel dorso

sparse scabris; radii ca. 5, ligulis ovalibus 4-5 mm. tantum longis

luteis; paleae lineari-attenuatae 9 mm. longae glabrae vel ad carinam

ciliolatae; achaenia 4-5 mm. longa subcompressa adpresso-pilosula

late emarginata, latiuscule alata; pappi aristae 2 erectae inaequales

ad 4 mm. longae scaberulae, squamis in cupulam 0.8 mm. longam

laceratam coalitis. — Guatemala: Dept. Jutiapa: Rocky open pine

forest, hills between Jutiapa and Plan de Urrutia, north of Jutiapa,

alt. 900-1,200 meters, October 28, 1940, Paul C. Standley 75590

(type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Here are referred also eight other collections, from the depart-

ments of Chiquimula, Santa Rosa, Sacatepe"quez, Chimaltenango,

and Huehuetenango. One of them was distributed as Wedelia

acapulcensis HBK., but if one may rely upon achene characters for

separating these genera, the plant is a Zexmenia rather than a

Wedelia. It is not closely related to any other Central American

150 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

species of the genus, and does resemble somewhat in its general

appearance Wedelia acapulcensis.

Zexmenia phyllocephala (Hemsl.) Standl. & Steyerm., comb,

nov. Wedelia phyllocephala Hemsl. Biol. Centr.-Amer. Bot. 2: 170.

1881. Z. phyllostegia Klatt, Leopoldina 25: 105. 1889. Z. sub-

sericea Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 635. 1941.— It is curious

that all three names listed above were based upon material from the

same region and perhaps from the same colony, between San Cris-

tobal and Rio Chixoy, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. The plant is

very limited in distribution, apparently, and it is remarkable that

it has been named so many times, but two of the names were based

on the same collection number (Bernoulli 1077) ! It is a characteristic

shrub of the lower slopes of the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes in Quiche"

and Huehuetenango, being especially abundant upon the almost

bare serpentine outcrops.

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBAN*