INHOUD

Achterberg, C. van. — Revision of the genera of Braconini with first and second metasomal ter-

gites immovably joined (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Braconinae) .................

Belle, J. — A synopsis of the South American species of Phyllogomphoides, with a key and des-

cripuon of three newitaxa Odonata, Gomphidae) REE

Bellinger, P. F., zie Ellis, W. N.

Diakonoff, A., S. A. Ulenberg & L. Vari. — A new Tortricid of Nerine plants originating from

Southern Africa (Mepidoprera, Wontricidae) m. ame tee. a Eee

Ellis, W. N. & P. F. Bellinger. — Generic names of Collembola: Supplement 1973-1983 .........

Gaskin, D. E. — The genus Roxita Bleszynski (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Crambinae): new species

and combinations and a reappraisal of its relationships ..........................

Graham, M. W. R. de V., zie Vlug, H. J.

Gustafsson, B. — New species of Stigmella from The Gambia (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae).......

Möczär, L. — New and little known Mesitiinae from southern Europe and Africa (Hymenopte-

ras Bethyllidae) IONI RE BR

Oosterbroek, P.— The Nephrotoma species of Japan (Diptera, Tipulidae) ....................

Theowald, Br. — Taxonomie, Phylogenie und Biogeografie der Untergattung Tipula (Tipula)

Binnaeus (7/581 (insecras Diptera, Tıpulidae) ernie ees na

Ulenberg, S. A., zie Diakonoff, A., et al.

Vari, L., zie Diakonoff, A., et al.

Vlug, H. J. — The types of Platygastridae (Hymenoptera, Scelionoidea) described by Haliday

and Walker and preserved in the National Museum of Ireland and in the British Mu-

seum (Natural History). 2. Keys to species, redescriptions, synonymy.............

Vlug, H. J. & M. W. R. de V. Graham. — The types of Platygastridae (Hymenoptera, Scelionoi-

dea) described by Haliday and Walker and preserved in the National Museum of

Ireland and the British Museum (Natural History). 1. Designation of lectotypes ....

137

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WiLLeM N. E tis and PETER F. BELLINGER. — Generic names of Collembola:

Supplement 1973—1983, pp. 1—15.

Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, deel 127, afl. 1 Gepubliceerd 10-VIII-1984

GENERIC NAMES OF COLLEMBOLA: SUPPLEMENT

1973-1983

WILLEM N. ELLIS

Zoölogisch Museum, Plantage Middenlaan 64, Amsterdam

and

PETER F. BELLINGER

Biology Department, California State University, Northridge, California

ABSTRACT

An update is presented of the list of Collembolan generic names that was published by the authors in 1973.

Some 109 new generic names are included in the list. Full bibliographic citations and records of the type selec-

tion are given for each nominal genus. Some errors of the previous list are corrected and a few Opinions have

been included.

INTRODUCTION

In the decade that has passed since the publication of our annotated list of generic names of Col-

lembola!), many new names have been proposed. A few homonyms have been renamed and Opin-

ions have been published deciding the cases brought by us before the International Commission.

We therefore think it worthwhile to present an update to our prior list, at the same time using the

opportunity to correct some errors and imprecisions that had remained in the original.

We have included all new names and nomenclatural actions that have come to our attention. It is

possible that we have omitted some names in publications of the last year or two which we have not

seen; we would appreciate it if our colleagues would call our attention to such omissions. All new

names have been checked against Neave’s Nomenclator Zoologicus and its supplements, and

against the lists of new generic and subgeneric names that appear annually in series 20 of the Zoo-

logical Record.

In the original publication we neglected to state explicitly that the capital letters F, M and N sig-

nified the nomenclatural gender of the name: Feminine, Masculine and Neuter. The same conven-

tion is used in the present update. New taxa are marked with an asterisk. Entries are intended to

modify the original entry, or to be inserted at the appropriate point in alphabetic order in the origi-

nal list.

Acanthonotus Von Olfers*

Manuscript name for Stylonotus lanuginosus Von Olfers, cf. Handschin, 1926 (Ent. Mitt. 15 (2):

174).

Unavailable name.

Acheroxenylla Ellis, 1976*

Tijdschr. Ent. 119 (+): 237.

Type-species: A. cretensis Ellis, 1976, l.c., by original designation. F.

Adbiloba Stach, 1951

Note: Cassagnau, 1979 (Biologia gallo-hellenica 8: 187) subsequently selected Adbiloba pauliani

Massoud, 1963, as type-species; this action, however, is contrary to art. 61 of the International

Code.

') Ellis, W. N., & P. F. Bellinger, 1973. An annotated list of the generic names of Collembola (Insecta) and their

type-species. — Monogrn Ned. ent. Veren. 7: 1-74.

2 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 1, 1984

Adelphoderia Greenslade, 1982*

J. aust. ent. Soc. 21: 82. ke

Type-species: A. regina Greenslade, 1982, l.c., by original designation. F.

Afrobella Cassagnau, 1983*

Nouv. Revue Ent. 13 (1): 16, 19.

Type-species: Neanura (Bilobella) guineense Murphy, 1965, by original designation. F.

Afrodontella Deharveng, 1981*

Trav. Lab. Ecobiol. Arthrop. édaph. 3 (1): 13.

Type-species: Odontella septemlobata Salmon, 1954, by original designation. F.

Albanura Cassagnau, 1983*

Nouv. Revue Ent. 13 (1): 7, 15, 18.

Type-species: Neanura (Deutonura) nana Cassagnau & Peja, 1979, by original designation. F.

Note: the generic name Albanura is attributed by Cassagnau to “Deharveng, 1982”, but the pa-

per by Deharveng is cited as still in press. Since, however, Cassagnau’s paper does not present a

diagnosis of Albanura, his usage of the name must be considered an unavailable nomen nudum.

Allochaefferia

Must be Alloschaefferia [our misspelling].

Americanura Cassagnau, 1983*

Nouv. Revue Ent. 13 (1): 11, 15.

Type-species: Americanura mexicana Cassagnau, 1983, l.c., by original designation. F.

Note: both the generic name and that of the type-species are attributed to a paper in print by

Cassagnau & Palacios Vargas. As the published information contains a nomenclaturally valid diag-

nose of the new genus (and by implication the type-species as well), the present publication takes

precedence.

Anaphorura Izarra, 1972*

Physis B. Aires 31 (83): 547, ut subgenus Tullbergia Lubbock, 1867.

Type-species: Tullbergia (Anaphorura) lavadoi Izarra, 1972, |.c., by monotypy. F.

Anjavidiella Betsch, 1974*

Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat. Paris [3] 219 (Zool. 147): 560.

Type-species: Anjavidiella ankaratrensis Betsch, 1974, l.c., by original designation. F.

Note: the generic name appeared the same year a few months earlier in Pedobiologia 14 (2/5):

180, 181, as a nomen nudum.

Anurida Laboulbéne, 1965

Add a line to the note:

According to Cowan, J. Soc. Bibliogr. nat. Hist. 6 (1): 18-29, the plate figuring Achorutes mariti-

mus was probably issued in August 1837.

Assamanura Cassagnau, 1980*

Trav. Lab. Ecobiol. Arthrop. édaph. 2 (3): 1, 2

Type-species: Assamanura besucheti Cassagnau, 1980, l.c., by original designation. F.

Australonura Cassagnau, [1980]*

Proc. int. Seminar Apterygota 1, Siena: 127, ut subgenus Neanura MacGillivray, 1893.

Type-species: Neanura grossi Yosii, 1966, by original designation. F.

Balkanura Cassagnau, 1979*

Biologia gallo-hellenica 8: 190.

ELLIS & BELLINGER: Generic names Collembola 3

Type-species: Neanura (Neanura) jugoslawica Palissa & Zivadinovié, 1974, by original desig-

nation. F.

Barbagastrura Massoud, Najt & Thibaud, 1975*

Nouv. Revue Ent. 5 (2): 111.

Type-species: B. palpigera Massoud, Najt & Thibaud, 1975, l.c., by original designation. F.

Betschurinus Dalla: & Martinozzi, 1980*

Atti Accad. fisiocrit. Siena (14) 12: 31.

Type-species: Betschurinus farmae Dallai & Martinozzi, 1980, l.c., by monotypy. M.

Biacantha Martynova

Date of publication of generic name and of species Biacantha nana is 1968.

Replaced by Martynovella Deharveng, 1979.

Blasconura Cassagnau, 1983*

Nouv. Revue Ent. 13 (1): 16, 19.

Type-species: Achorutes hirtellus Börner, 1906, by original designation. F.

Bonetogastrura Thibaud, 1975*

Spelunca Mem. 8: 207.

Type-species: Typhlogastrura balazuci Delamare Deboutteville, 1951, by original designation. F.

Note: the generic name appeared earlier that year as a nomen nudum in Ann. Speleol. 30 (1): 189.

Bonetrura Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980*

Collembola of North America: 559.

Type-species: Guthriella boneti Yosii, 1962, by original designation. F.

Borneaphysa Yoshii, 1981*

Ent. Rept. Sabah For. Res. Cent. 3: 8, ut subgenus Callyntrura Borner, 1906.

Type-species: Callyntrura borneensis Yoshii, 1981, l.c., by original designation. F.

Bourletides Betsch & Massoud, 1972*

Annls Soc. ent. Fr. [2] 8 (1): 234.

Type-species: Bourletides wallacei Betsch & Massoud, 1972, l.c., by original description. M.

Bourletiellitas Betsch, 1974*

Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat. Paris [3] 219 (Zool. 147): 554.

Type-species: Bourletiellitas imerinensis Betsch, 1974, L.c., by original designation. M.

Note: the generic name appeared a few months earlier in the same year in Pedobiologia 14 (2/5):

180, 181, as a nomen nudum.

The gender of the name was originally not stated; it must therefore be treated as masculine, on

the base of art. 30b(ii).

Calistella Schott, 1902

Note: the genus is attributed by Schott, l.c., to Reuter, but there is no evidence that this is any-

thing more than a politeness.

Caputanurina Lee, 1983*

Korean J. Ent. 13 (1): 28.

Type-species: Caputanurina serrata Lee, 1983, l.c., by original designation. F.

Cassagnaudiella Ellis, 1975*

Bull. zool. Mus. Univ. Amst. 4 (9): 78, ut subgenus Bourletiella Banks, 1899.

Type-species: Sminthurus pruinosus Tullberg, 1871, by original designation. F.

4 TijDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 1, 1984

Cassagnella Najt & Massoud, 1974*

Revue Ecol. Biol. Sol 11 (3): 370. ER

Type-species: Cassagnella alba Najt & Massoud, 1974, l.c., by original designation. F.

Catalanura Cassagnau, 1983*

Nouv. Revue Ent. 13 (1): 7, 15, 17.

Type-species: Neanura (Deutonura) catalana Deharveng, 1979, by original designation. F.

Note: unavailable nomen nudum. The note under Albanura is applicable here as well.

Ceratophysella Börner, 1932

Add to entry:

Placed on the official list of generic names in zoology: 2135, Opinion 1193 (1981).

Junior objective synonym of Cystioceras Börner in Schille, 1912.

Chaetaphorura Rusek, 1976*

Canadian J. Zool. 54 (1): 27.

Type-species: Chaetaphorura vancouverica Rusek, 1976, l.c., by original designation. F.

Chaetobella Cassagnau, 1983*

Nouv. Revue Ent. 13 (1): 16, 19.

Type-species: Lobella (Propeanura) numatai Yosii, 1966, by original designation. F.

Cryptonura Cassagnau, 1979*

Biologia gallo-hellenica 8: 191, 192, ut subgenus Neanura MacGillivray, 1893.

Type-species: Lathriopyga franzi Stach, 1951, by original designation. F.

Cystioceras Börner in Schille, 1912*

Spraw. Kom. fizyogr. Krakow 46 (2): 126, 127.

Type-species: Podura armata Nicolet, [1842], by monotypy. (Gender neuter, although treated as

masculine by Schille.) N.

Placed on the Official index of rejected and invalid generic names in zoology: 2119, Opinion

1193 (1981). Suppressed for the purposes of the Law of Priority, but not for those of the Law of

Homonymy.

Senior objective synonym of Ceratophysella Börner, 1932.

Delamarerus Mitra, 1977*

Revue Ecol. Biol. Sol 13 (4): 645-647.

Type-species: Delamarerus immsi Mitra, 1977, l.c., by original designation [cf. p. 647]. M.

Note: issue 4 of the journal bears an indication: “depot legal 2e Trim. 1977”.

Desertia Tshelnokov, in Martynova, Tshelnokov & Kaplin, 1979*

Doklad. Akad. Nauk turkmenskoj SSR 1979: 38.

Type-species: Desertia kaplini Tshelnokov, 1979, l.c., by monotypy or original designation. F.

Note: paper not seen, reference based on Informations aptérygotologiques 519.

Deuterosminthurus Börner, 1901

Replace type indication and note as follows:

Type-species: Smynthurus bicinctus Koch, 1840, by Opinion 1042 (1976).

Placed on the Official list of generic names in zoology: 2017.

Deutonura Cassagnau, 1979*

Biologia gallo-hellenica 8: 192, ut subgenus Neanura MacGillivray, 1893.

l'ype-species: Achorutes phlegraeus Caroli, 1912, sensu da Gama, 1964, by original designation.

Note: the type selection reads: “subgénerotype: phlegraea (Caroli, 1910) sensu da Gama 1964”.

ELLIS & BELLINGER: Generic names Collembola 5

“Caroli, 1910” is a lapsus calami for “Caroli, 1912” as given by da Gama. The slightly irregular

form of the type selection cannot be resolved with art. 70(b).

Dicranorchesella Mari Mutt, 1977*

Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 79 (3): 377.

Type-species: Dicranorchesella boneti Mari Mutt, 1977, l.c., by original designation. F.

Dicyrtoma Bourlet, 1842

Replace type indication and note as follows:

Type-species: Papirius fuscus Lubbock, 1873, by Opinion 1092 (1977).

Placed on the Official list of generic names in zoology: 2049.

Dicyrtomina Borner, 1903

Replace type indication and note as follows:

Type-species: Podura minuta O. Fabricius 1783, by Opinion 1092 (1977).

Placed on the Official list of generic names in zoology: 2050.

Dimorphiella Grinbergs, 1968

Replaced by Dimorphotoma Grinbergs, 1975.

Dimorphotoma Grinbergs, 1975*

Ent. Ber., Amst. 35 (8): 101.

Type-species: Proisotoma (Dimorphiella) muriphila Grinbergs, 1968 (art. 67 1). F.

New name for Dimorphiella Grinbergs, 1968, nec Valkanov, 1928.

Doutnacia Rusek, 1974*

Vest. ésl. Spol. zool. 38 (1): 64, 65.

Type-species: Doutnacia xerophila Rusek, 1974, l.c., by original designation. F.

Ectonura Cassagnau [1980]*

Proc. int. Seminar Apterygota 1, Siena: 127, 128.

Type-species: Achorutes natalensis Womersley, 1934, by original designation. F.

Note: the original type selection designated Ectonura [Achorutes] natalensis (Womersley, 1934)

sensu Coates, 1968. There is no indication in Coates’ or Cassagnau’s papers that Coates’ determina-

tion of Womersley’s species is erroneous, and therefore art. 70(b) of the Code does not apply.

Endonura Cassagnau, 1979*

Biologia gallo-hellenica 8: 192, ut subgenus Neanura MacGillivray, 1893.

Type-species: Achorutes tetrophthalmus Stach, 1929, by original designation. F.

Franzura Cassagnau & Deharveng, 1976*

Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Toulouse 112 (1/2): 199, ut subgenus Hypogastrura Bourlet, 1839.

Type-species: Hypogastrura (Franzura) synacantha Cassagnau & Deharveng, 1976, l.c., by origi-

nal designation. F.

Friesea Von Dalla Torre, 1895

Placed on the Official list of generic names in zoology: 2023, Opinion 1049 (1976).

Gamachorutes Cassagnau, 1978

Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Toulouse 114 (1/2): 17.

Type-species: Gamachorutes verrucosus Cassagnau, 1978, l.c., by original designation. M.

Gisinianus Betsch, 1977*

Revue Ecol. Biol. Sol 14 (1): 212.

Type-species: Sminthurinus flammeolus Gisin, 1957, by original designation. M.

6 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 1, 1984

Gnathogastrura Diaz & Najt, 1983*

Nouv. Revue Ent. 13 (2): 29, 30. n

Type-species: Gnathogastrura paramoense Diaz & Najt, l.c., by original designation. F (although

treated as neuter by the authors).

Granuliphorura Rusek, 1976*

Canadian J. Zool. 54 (1): 24.

Type-species: Granuliphorura obtusochaeta Rusek, 1976, l.c., by original designation. F.

Gunungphysa Yoshii, 1982*

Ent. Rept. Sabah For. Res. Cent. 6: 2, ut subgenus Callyntrura Borner, 1906.

Type-species: Callyntrura gunung Yoshii, 1982, l.c., by original designation. F.

Guthriella Borner, 1966

Date of publication is 1906.

Hawinella Bellinger & Christiansen, 1974*

Pacif. Ins. 16 (1): 36.

Type-species: Hawinella lava Bellinger & Christiansen, 1974, l.c., by original designation. F.

Heteromurtrella Mari Mutt, 1979*

J. Agric. Univ. Puerto Rico 63 (2): 214, ut subgenus Heteromurus Wankel, 1860.

Type-species: Heteromurus (Heteromurtrella) puertoricensis Mari Mutt, 1979, l.c., by original

designation. F.

Heteromurus Wankel, 1860

Replace note as follows:

Placed on the Official list of generic names in zoology: 2034, Opinion 1064 (1976).

Inameria Cassagnau, 1983*

Nouv. Revue Ent. 13 (1): 16, 20.

Type-species: Neanura corallina Imms, 1912, by original designation. F.

Isotomodella Martynova

Date of publication of the genus name, and of the specific name Jsotomodella pusilla, is 1968.

Istanaphysa Yoshu, 1981*

Ent. Rept. Sabah For. Res. Cent. 3: 15, ut subgenus Callyntrura Borner, 1906.

Type-species: Callyntrura (Istanaphysa) istana Yoshii, 1981, l.c., by original designation. F.

Jacutogastrura Martynova, 1981*

Zool. Zhurn. 60 (1): 151.

Type-species: Jacutogastrura silvatica Martynova, 1981, l.c., by original designation. F.

Japonphysa Yoshii, 1982*

Ent. Rept. Sabah For. Res. Cent. 6: 24, ut subgenus Callyntrura Börner, 1906.

Type-species: Paronella japonica Kinoshita, 1917, by original designation. F.

Jestella Najt, 1978*

Nouv. Revue Ent. 7 (4): 363, 366.

Type-species: Jestella siva Najt, 1978, l.c., by original designation. F.

Note: according to a note on the wrappers the 4th issue of the journal was published 15.11.1978.

Jevania Rusck, 1978*

Acta ent. bohemosl. 75: 255, 256.

ELLIS & BELLINGER: Generic names Collembola 7

Type-species: Jevania fageticola Rusek, 1978, l.c., by original designation. F.

Karlstejnia Rusek, 1974*

Vest. ésl. Spol. zool. 38 (1): 61.

Type-species: Karlstejnia annae Rusek, 1974, L.c., by original designation. F.

Kaszabellina Betsch, 1977*

Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung. 69: 79.

Type-species: Kaszabellina variabilis Betsch, 1977, l.c., by original designation. F.

Kudatphysa Yoshii, 1982*

Ent. Rept. Sabah For. Res. Cent. 6: 22, ut subgenus Callyntrura Borner, 1906.

Type-species: Callyntrura kudatensis Yoshii, 1981, by original designation. F.

Lubbockia Haller, 1880

Replaced by Deuterolubbockia Von Dalla Torre, 1895.

Macgillivraya Grote, 1894

Suppressed under the Plenary powers, and placed on the Official index of rejected and invalid

generic names in zoology: 2070, Opinion 1049 (1976).

Marcuzziella Rusek, 1975*

Vestn. ésl. Spol. zool. 39 (3): 236-238.

Type-species: Marcuzziella tripartita Rusek, 1975, l.c., by original designation. F.

Martynovella Deharveng, 1979*

Revue Ecol. Biol. Sol 15 (4): 554.

New name for Biacantha Martynova, 1968, nec Wolfgang, 1954.

Type-species: Biacantha nana Martynova, 1968 (art. 67 1). F.

Note: the last page of issue 4 of the journal bears a note: “depot legal ler trimestre 1979”.

Massoudia Betsch, 1975*

Revue Ecol. Biol. Sol 11 (4): 566.

Type-species: Massoudia griveaudi Betsch, 1975, l.c., by original designation. F.

Note: the last page of issue 4 of the journal bears a note “depot legal 1e trimestre 1975”.

Megalothorax and Megalanura

Change the order of these two entries.

Micranurophorus Bernard, 1977*

Great Lakes Ent. 10 (2): 75.

Type-species: Micranurophorus musci Bernard, 1977, l.c., by original designation. M.

Millsurus Betsch, 1977*

Revue Ecol. Biol. Sol 14 (1): 214.

Type-species: Neosminthurus sminthurinus Mills, 1934, by original designation. M.

Mimoderus Yoshu, 1980*

Contr. biol. Lab. Kyoto Univ. 26 (1): 11.

Type-species: Mimoderus saikehi Yoshii, 1980, l.c., by original designation. M.

Monobella Cassagnau, 1979*

Biologia gallo-hellenica 8: 191.

Type-species: Achorutes grassei Denis, 1923, by original designation. F.

8 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 1, 1984

Morulodes Cassagnau, 1955

Add to the note: This error is repeated by Cassagnau, 1983. — Nouv. Revue Ent. 13 (1): 15.

Neanura serrata is a subjective synonym of the type-species.

Mucracanthus Stebaeva, 1976*

Novie i maloizvestnie vidi fauni Sibiri 10: 46. _

Type-species: Mucracanthus altaicus Stebavea, 1976, l.c., by original designation. M.

Murphysa Yoshii, 1982*

Ent. Rept. Sabah For. Res. Cent. 6: 18, ut subgenus Callyntrura Borner, 1906.

Type-species: Microphysa vestita Handschin, 1925, by original designation. F.

Myopia Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980*

Collembola of North America: 768, ut subgenus /sotoma Bourlet, 1839.

Type-species: Isotoma (Myopia) alaskana Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980, l.c., by original desig-

nation. F.

Narynia Martynova

Date of publication of the generic name, and of the specific name Narynia setosa, is 1968.

Neanurella Cassagnau, 1971

Type-species: Neanurella microphthalma Cassagnau, 1968 [not N. caeca, as erroneously stated].

Neorchesella Mari Mutt, 1981*

J. Agric. Univ Puerto Rico 65 (1): 8.

Type-species: Neorchesella mexicana Mari Mutt, 1981, l.c., by original designation. F.

Nilgirella Cassagnau, 1983*

Nouv. Revue Ent. 13 (1): 16, 20.

Type-species: Achorutes indicus Handschin, 1929, by original designation. F.

Odontellina Deharveng, 1981*

Trav. Lab. Ecobiol. Arthrop. édaph. 3 (1): 14.

Type-species: Xenyllodes nivalis Cassagnau, 1959, by original designation. F.

Orogastrura Deharveng & Gers, 1979*

Trav. Lab. Ecobiol. Arthrop. édaph. 1 (2): 4.

Type-species: Xenyllogastrura dilatata Cassagnau, 1959, by original designation. F.

Paleonura Cassagnau, 1982*

Tray. Lab. Ecobiol. Arthrop. édaph. 3 (3): 6.

Type-species: Paleonura spectabilis Cassagnau, 1982, l.c., by original designation. F.

Palmanura Cassagnau, 1983*

Nouv. Revue Ent. 13 (1): 11, 15.

Type-species: Palmanura mirabilis Cassagnau, 1983, l.c., by original designation.

Note: the same note as under Americanura applies here.

Parabourletiella Betsch, 1975*

Revue Ecol. Biol. Sol 12 (2): 477.

Type-species: Parabourletiella mahafalensis Betsch, 1975, l.c., by original designation. F.

Parachaetoceras Salmon, 1941

The gender of the generic name is neuter (N), not masculine.

ELLIS & BELLINGER: Generic names Collembola 9

Parawillemia Izarra, 1975*

Physis B. Aires [C] 34 (88): 93.

Type-species: Parawillemia pampeana Izarra, 1975, l.c., by original designation. F.

Parisotoma Bagnall, 1940

The gender of the generic name is feminine (F), not masculine.

Paruzelia Martynova

Date of publication of the generic name is 1968.

Paruzelia Martynova, 1971

Zool. Zhurn. 50 (11): 1644, 1645.

Unavailable name; see original entry.

Parvatinura Cassagnau, 1982*

Trav. Lab. Ecobiol. Arthrop. édaph. 3(3): 7.

Type-species: Parvatinura dobremezi Cassagnau, 1982, l.c., by original designation. F.

Paulianitas Betsch, 1978*

Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 82 (5/6): 119.

Type-species: Paulianitas viettei Betsch, 1978, by original designation. M.

Note: the gender of the name was not explicitly stated originally; it is fixed herewith in accor-

dance with art. 30 b (ii).

Pectinura Cassagnau, 1983*

Nouv. Revue Ent. 13 (1): 15, 18, nec Forbes, 1843. — Proc. linn. Soc. Lond. 1 (17): 167 (Echino-

dermata).

Type-species: Womersleya hongkongensis Yosii, 1976, by original designation. F.

Junior homonym. No replacement name available.

Pentacanthella Deharveng, 1979*

Revue Ecol. Biol. Sol 15 (4): 557.

Type-species: Pentacanthella decemoculata Deharveng, 1979, l.c., by original designation. F.

Note: the 4th issue of the journal bears a note: “depot legal ler trimestre 1979”.

Permobrya Riek, 1976*

Palaeont. afr. 19: 141. Fossil.

Type-species: Permobrya mirabilis Riek 1976, l.c., by original designation. F.

Pratanurida Rusek, 1973*

Vest. ésl. Spol. zool. 37 (3): 187.

Type-species: Pratanurida cassagnani Rusek, 1973, l.c., by original designation. F.

Note: misspelled Pratanuria on p. 183.

Probolaphorura Dunger, 1977*

Abh. Ber. naturk. Mus. Görlitz 50 (5): 1, 2.

Type-species: Probolaphorura sachalinensis Dunger, 1977, l.c., by original designation. F.

Propeanura Yosii, 1956

Note: the subsequent selection of Lobella (Propeanura) ieti Yosii, 1966, as type species by Cas-

sagnau, [1980] (Proc. int. Seminar Apterygota 1, Siena: 128) violates art. 61 of the International

Code.

Protanura Borner, 1 906

Note: the subsequent selection of Neanura pseudomuscorum Borner, 1903, as type species by

10 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 1, 1984

Cassagnau, 1979 (Biologia gallo-hellenica 8: 192) is in disagreement with art. 61 of the International

Code.

Protolobella Cassagnau, 1983*

Nouv. Revue Ent. 13 (1): 15, 18, ut subgenus Lobella Borner, 1906.

Type-species: Lobella (L.) assamensis Yosii, 1966, by original designation. F.

Pseudodicranocentrus Mari Mutt, 1981*

J. Agric. Univ. Puerto Rico 65 (2): 91.

Type-species: Dicranocentrus circulatus Mari Mutt, 1979, by original designation. M.

Pseudonychiurus Lin Shan- Xiang, 1980*

Acta ent. sinica 23 (2): 189, nec Bagnall, 1948.

Type-species: Pseudonychiurus shanghaiensis Lin Shan-Xiang, 1980, l.c., by original designation.

Junior homonym. No replacement name available.

Pseudosalina Mitra, 1974*

Revue Ecol. Biol. Sol 10 (3): 359, 360.

Type-species: Salina nigrocephala Mitra, 1966, by original designation. F.

Note on the date of publication: the last page of the issue bears an infrapaginal note: “Depot legal

ler trimestre 1974”.

Pseudosorensia Izarra, 1972*

Physis B. Aires 31 (82): 77.

Type-species: Pseudosorensia fueguensis Izarra, 1972, l.c., by original designation. F.

Ptenura Templeton, 1844

Placed on the Official index of rejected and invalid generic names in zoology: 2074, Opinion

1064 (1976).

Pumilinura Cassagnau, 1979*

Biologia gallo-hellenica 8: 192, 193.

Type-species: Pumilinura travei Cassagnau & Peja, 1979, by original designation. F.

Rhopalothrix Schott, 1917

Author’s name is Schott, not Schot.

Richardsitas Betsch, 1975*

Revue Ecol. Biol. Sol 12 (2): 480.

Type-species: Richardsitas najtae Betsch, 1975, l.c., by original designation. M.

Note: the gender of the name is fixed herewith, in accordance with art. 30 b (ii).

Riozura Cassagnau, 1983*

Nouv. Revue Ent. 13 (1): 15, 18.

Type-species: Lobella yoshibai Yosii, 1963, by original designation. F.

Rusekianna Betsch, 1977*

Annls hist. -nat. Mus. natn. hung. 69: 61, 62.

Type-species: Rusekianna mongolica Betsch, 1977, l.c., by original designation. F.

Salmonides Bagnall, 1949

Gender is masculine (M).

Sensillanura Deharveng, 1981*

Nouv. Revue Ent. 11 (1): 9.

ELLIS & BELLINGER: Generic names Collembola 11

Type-species: Neanura barberi Handschin, 1928, by original designation and art. 67 (e). F.

Note: the type selection reads: “Espèce type: Neanura pseudoquadrioculata Stach, 1951 (= Nea-

nura quadrioculata Guthrie, 1903)”. Both Biloba pseudoquadrioculata Stach, 1951, and Achorutes

barberi Handschin, 1928, were proposed as replacement names for Neanura quadrioculata Guthrie,

1903, nec Borner, 1901. The two names are therefore objective synonyms and the earlier name, bar-

beri, is valid.

Sensiphorura Rusek, 1976*

Canadian J. Zool. 54 (1): 19, 20.

Type-species: Sensiphorura marshalli Rusek, 1976, l.c., by original designation. F.

Sminthuridia Massoud & Betsch, 1972*

Revue Ecol. Biol. Sol 9 (1): 70.

Type-species: Sminthurides sphaeridioides Murphy, 1960, by original designation. F.

Sminthurinus Börner, 1901

Replace type indication and notes as follows:

Type-species: Smynthurus niger Lubbock, 1862, by designation under the plenary powers, Opin-

ion 1027 (1974).

Placed on the Official list of generic names in zoology: 2004.

Smynthurella Houlbert, 1924

Placed on the Official index of rejected and invalid generic names in zoology: 2050, Opinion

1027 (1974).

Songhaica Lasebikan, Betsch & Dallai, 1980*

Syst. Ent. 5: 179.

Type-species: Songhaica nigeriana Lasebikan, Betsch & Dallai, 1980, l.c., by original designation.

Spatulosminthurus Betsch & Betsch-Pinot, 1983*

Pedobiologia 25 (4): 216.

Type-species: Sminthurus lesnei Carl, in Denis, 1925, by original designation. M.

Note: the generic name appeared some months earlier as an unavailable name (art. 8(3)) in Collo-

que international sur les Aptérygotes 5, résumés: 36.

Sphaeronura Cassagnau, 1983*

Nouv. Revue Ent. 13 (1): 15, 19.

Type-species: Propeanura chaotica Yosu, 1976, by original designation. F.

Stachorutes Dallai, 1973*

Redia 54: 23, 24.

Type-species: Stachorutes dematteisi Dallai, 1973, l.c., by original designation. M.

Stenogastrura Christansen & Bellinger, 1980*

Collembola of North America: 207.

Type-species: Stenogastrura hiemalis Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980, l.c., by original designation.

Stenognathriopes Betsch & Lasebikan, 1979*

Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 84 (7/8): 166.

Type-species: Stenognathriopes huetheri Betsch & Lasebikan, 1979, l.c., by original designation.

12 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 1, 1984

Sultanaphysa Yoshii, 1982*

Ent. Rept. Sabah For. Res. Cent. 6: 28, ut subgenus Callyntrura Borner, 1906.

Type-species: Callyntrura sultana Yoshii, 1982, l.c., by original designation. F.

Synameria Cassagnau, 1983*

Nouv. Revue Ent. 13 (1): 16, 20.

Type-species: Phylliomeria miranda Yosii, 1966, by original designation. F.

Telobella Cassagnau, 1983*

Nouv. Revue Ent. 13 (1): 15, 18, ut subgenus Lobella Borner, 1906.

Type-species: Propeanura wayang Yosii, 1976, by original designation. F.

Tetradontophora auctorum (e.g. Zivadinovié)

Unavailable incorrect subsequent spelling for Tetrodontophora Reuter, 1882.

Tetraloba ee 1983*

Korean J. Ent. 13 (1): 37.

Type-species: Tetraloba seolagensis Lee, 1983, l.c., by original designation. F.

Tiancanthella Rusek, 1979*

Vestn. Cesk. Spol. zool. 43 (2): 138.

Type-species: Tiancanthella martynovae Rusek, 1979, l.c., by original designation. F.

Travura Cassagnau & Deharveng, 1980*

Trav. Lab. Ecobiol. Arthrop. édaph. 2 (2): 2, 3.

Type-species: Travura divergens Cassagnau & Deharveng, 1980, l.c., by original designation. F.

Tremoisea Cassagnau, 1973*

Biologia gallo-hellenica 5 (1): 65, 66.

Type-species: Tremoisea enigmatica Cassagnau, 1973, l.c., by original designation. F.

Tricanthella

Must be Triacanthella [our misspelling].

Triaena Tullberg, 1971

Placed on the Official index of rejected and invalid names in zoology: 2071, Opinion 1049 (1976).

Uralaphorura Martynova, 1978*

Ent. Ber., Amst. 38 (4): 53.

New name for Uralia Martynova, 1976, nec Mulsant & Verreaux, 1866.

Type-species: Uralia schilovi Martynova, 1976 (art. 67 1). F.

Uralia Martynova, 1976*

Novie i maloizvestnie vidi fauni Sibiri 10: 6, ut subgenus Onychiurus Gervais, 1841, nec Mulsant

& Verreaux, 1866. — Mém. Soc. imp. Sci. nat. Cherbourg 12: 225.

Type-species: Uralia schilovi Martynova, 1976, l.c., by original designation. F.

Junior homonym. Replaced by Uralaphorura Martynova, 1978.

Ussuriaphorura Martynova, 1979*

Ent. Obozr. 58: 800.

Type-species: Ussuriaphorura pluripseudocellata Martynova, 1979, l.c., by original designation.

Vatomadiella Betsch, 1974*

Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat. Paris [3] 219 (zool. 147): 567.

ELLIS & BELLINGER: Generic names Collembola

Type-species: Vatomadiella pauliani Betsch, 1974, l.c., by original designation. F.

Note: the generic name appeared in Pedobiologia 14 (2/5): 182 as a nomen nudum a few months

earlier in the same year.

Wankeliella Rusek, 1975*

Vestn. ësl. Spol. zool. 39 (3): 231, 232.

Type-species: Wankeliella peterseni Rusek, 1975, l.c., by original designation. F.

Yosiides Massoud & Betsch, 1972

Revue Ecol. Biol. Sol 9 (1): 72.

Type-species: Sminthurides himachal Yosu, 1966, by original designation. F.

Zealandella Salmon, 1964

Page of publication is 111 [not 11, as incorrectly stated].

Zealandotoma Salmon, 1964

Name of type-species is /sotomina novazealandia [not I. novaezealandiae, as incorrectly stated].

INDEX TO SPECIES

alba Najt & Massoud, 1974 (Cassagnella)

Cassagnella Najt & Masoud, 1974

| alaskana Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980 (Zsotoma

| (Myopia)

Myopia Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980

| altaicus Stebaeva, 1976 (Mucracanthus)

| Mucracanthus Stebaveva, 1976

| ankaratrensis Betsch, 1974 (Anjavidiella)

| Anjavidiella Betsch, 1974

annae Rusek, 1974 (Karlstejnia)

Karlstejnia Rusek, 1974

armata Nicolet, [1842] (Podura)

Cystioceras Bôrner in Schille, 1912; see notes

Ceratophysella Borner, 1932 — obj. syn.

assamensis Yosii, 1966 (Lobella (Lobella))

Protolobella Cassagnau, 1983

balazuci Delamare Deboutteville, 1951

(Typhlogastrura)

Bonetogastrura Thibaud, 1975

barberi Handschin, 1928 (Achorutes)

Sensillanura Deharveng, 1981

besucheti Cassagnau, 1980 (Assamanura)

Assamanura Cassagnau, 1980

boneti Yosii, 1962 (Guthriella)

Bonetrura Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980

boneti Mari Mutt, 1977 (Dicranorchesella)

Dicranorchesella Mari Mutt, 1977

| borneensis Yoshii, 1981 (Callyntrura)

Callyntrura (Borneaphysa) Yoshii, 1981

caeca Gisin, 1963 (Neanura)

Delete this entry

cassagnaui Rusek, 1973 (Pratanurida)

Pratanurida Rusek, 1973

catalana Deharveng, 1979 (Neanura (Deutonura))

[Catalanura Cassagnau, 1983 — nomen nudum]

chaotica Y osii, 1976 (Propeanura)

Sphaeronura Cassagnau, 1983

circulatus Mari Mutt, 1979 (Dicranocentrus)

Pseudodicranocentrus Mari Mutt, 1981

corallina Imms, 1912 (Neanura)

Inameria Cassagnau, 1983

cretensis Ellis, 1976 (Acheroxenylla)

Acheroxenylla Ellis, 1976

decemoculata Deharveng, 1979 (Pentacanthella)

Pentacanthella Deharveng, 1979

dematteisi Dallai, 1973 (Stachorutes)

Stachorutes Dallai, 1973

dilatata Cassagnau, 1959 (Xenyllogastrura)

Orogastrura Deharveng & Gers, 1979

divergens Cassagnau & Deharveng, 1980 (Travura)

Travura Cassagnau & Deharveng, 1980

dobremezi Cassagnau, 1982 (Parvatinura)

Parvatinura Cassagnau, 1982

enigmatica Cassagnau, 1973 (Tremoisea)

Tremoisea Cassagnau, 1973

fageticola Rusek, 1978 (Jevania)

Jevania Rusek, 1978

farmae Dallai & Martinozzi, 1980 (Betschurinus)

Betschurinus Dallai & Martinozzi, 1980

flammeolus Gisin, 1957 (Sminthurinus)

Gisimianus Betsch, 1977

franzi Stach, 1951 (Lathriopyga)

Neanura (Cryptonura) Cassagnau, 1979

fueguensis Izarra, 1972 (Pseudosorensia)

Pseudosorensia Izarra, 1972

fuscus Lubbock, 1873 (Papirius)

Dicyrtoma Bourlet, 1842

grassei Denis, 1923 (Achorutes)

Monobella Cassagnau, 1979

griveaudi Betsch, 1975 (Massoudia)

Massoudia Betsch, 1975

grossi Yosii, 1966 (Neanura)

Australonura Cassagnau, [1980]

guineense Murphy, 1965 (Neanura (Bilobella))

Afrobella Cassagnau, 1983

gunung Yoshii, 1982 (Callyntrura)

14 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 1, 1984

Callyntrura (Gunungphysa) Yoshu, 1982

hiemalis Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980

(Stenogastrura)

Stenogastrura Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980

himachal Yosu, 1966 (Sminthurides)

Yostides Massoud & Betsch, 1972

hirtellus Borner, 1906 (Achorutes)

Blasconura Cassagnau, 1983

hongkongensis Yosu, 1976 (Womersleya)

[Pectinura Cassagnau, 1983 — homonym]

huetheri Betsch & Lasebikan, 1979 (Stenognathriopes)

Stenognathriopes Betsch & Lasebikan, 1979

zeti Yosii, 1966 (Lobella (Propeanura))

see Propeanura

imerinensis Betsch, 1974 (Bourletiellitas)

Bourletiellitas Bertsch, 1974

immsi Mitra, 1977 (Delamarerus)

Delamarerus Mitra, 1977

indicus Handschin, 1929 (Achorutes)

Nilgirella Cassagnau, 1983

istana Yoshii, 1981 (Callyntrura (Istanaphysa))

Callyntrura (Istanaphysa) Yoshii, 1981

Japonica Kinoshita, 1917 (Paronella)

Callyntrura (Japonphysa) Yoshii, 1982

jugoslawica Palissa & Zivadinovié, 1979 (Neanura

(Neanura))

Balkanura Cassagnau, 1979

kaplini Tshelnokov, 1979 (Desertia)

Desertia Tshelnokov, 1979

kudatensis Yoshii, 1981 (Callyntrura)

Callyntrura (Kudatphysa) Yoshii, 1982

lava Bellinger & Christiansen, 1974 (Hawinella)

Hawinella Bellinger & Christiansen, 1974

lavadoi Izarra, 1972 (Tullbergia (Anaphorura))

Tullbergia (Anaphorura) Izarra, 1972

lesnei Carl, in Denis, 1925 (Sminthurus)

Spatulosminthurus Betsch & Betsch-Pinot, 1983

mahafalensis Betsch, 1975 (Parabourletiella)

Parabourletiella Betsch, 1975

marshalli Rusek, 1976 (Sensiphorura)

Sensiphorura Rusek, 1976

martynovae Rusek, 1979 (Tiancanthella)

Tiancanthella Rusek, 1979

mexicana Mari Mutt, 1981 (Neorchesella)

Neorchesella Mari Mutt, 1981

mexicana Cassagnau, 1983 (Americanura)

Americanura Cassagnau, 1983

microphthalma Cassagnau, 1968 (Neanurella)

Neanurella Cassagnau, 1971

minuta ©. Fabricius 1783 (Podura)

Dicyrtomina Börner, 1903

mirabilis Riek, 1976 (Permobrya)

Permobrya Riek, 1976

mirabilis Cassagnau, 1983 (Palmanura)

Palmanura Cassagnau, 1983

miranda Yosii, 1966 (Phylliomeria)

Synameria Cassagnau, 1983

mongolica Betsch, 1977 (Rusekianna)

Rusekianna Betsch, 1977

muriphila Grinbergs, 1968 (Proisotoma

(Dimorphiella))

Dimorphotoma Grinbergs, 1975

musci Bernard, 1977 (Micranurophorus)

Micranurophorus Bernard, 1977

najtae Betsch, 1975 (Richardsitas)

Richardsitas Betsch, 1975

nana Martynova, 1968 (Biacantha)

Martynovella Deharveng, 1979

nana Cassagnau & Peja, 1979 (Neanura (Deutonura))

[Albanura Cassagnau, 1983 — nomen nudum]

natalensis Womersley, 1934 (Achorutes)

Ectonura Cassagnau, [1980]

nigeriana Lasebikan, Betsch & Dallai, 1980 (Songhaica)

Songhaica Lasebikan, Betsch & Dallai, 1980

nigrocephala Mitra, 1966 (Salina)

Pseudosalina Mitra, 1974

nivalis Cassagnau, 1959 (Xenyllodes)

Odontellina Deharveng, 1981

numatai Yosii, 1966 (Lobella (Propeanura))

Chaetobella Cassagnau, 1983

obtusochaeta Rusek, 1976 (Granuliphorura)

Granuliphorura Rusek, 1976

palpigera Massoud, Najt & Thibaud, 1975

(Barbagastrura)

Barbagastrura Massoud, Najt & Thibaud, 1975

pampeana Izarra, 1975 (Parawillemia)

Parawillemia Izarra, 1975

paramoense Diaz & Najt, 1983 (Gnathogastrura)

Gnathogastrura Diaz & Najt, 1983

pauliani Massoud, 1963 (Adbiloba)

see Adbiloba

pauliani Betsch, 1974 (Vatomadiella)

Vatomadiella Betsch, 1974

peterseni Rusek, 1975 (Wankeliella)

Wankeliella Rusek, 1975

phlegraeus Caroli, 1912 sensu da Gama, 1964

(Neanura)

Neanura (Deutonura) Cassagnau, 1979

pluripseudocellata Martynova, 1979 (Ussuriaphorura)

Ussuriaphorura Martynova, 1979

pruinosus Tullberg, 1871 (Sminthurus)

Bourletiella (Cassagnaudiella) Ellis, 1975

pseudomuscorum Borner, 1903 (Neanura)

see Protanura

pseudoquadrioculata Stach, 1951 (Biloba)

see Achorutes barberi Handschin, 1928

puertoricensis Mari Mutt, 1979 (Heteromurus

(Heteromurtrella))

Heteromurtrella Mari Mutt, 1979

regina Greenslade, 1982 (Adelphoderia)

Adelphoderia Greenslade, 1982

sachalinensis Dunger, 1977 (Probolaphorura)

Probolaphorura Dunger, 1977

saikehi Yosii, 1980 (Mimoderus)

Mimoderus Yosii, 1980

schilovi Martynova, 1976 (Uralia)

[Uralia Martynova, 1976 —

homonym]

Uralaphorura Martynova, 1978

seolagensis Lee, 1983 (Tetraloba)

Tetraloba Lee, 1983

septemlobata Salmon, 1954 (Odontella)

ELLIS & BELLINGER: Generic names Collembola 15

Afrodontella Deharveng, 1981

serrata Lee, 1983 (Caputanurina)

Caputanurina Lee, 1983

shanghaiensis Lin Shan-Xiang, 1980 (Pseudonychiurus)

[Pseudonychiurus Lin Shan-Xiang, 1980 —

homonym]

silvatica Martynova, 1981 (Jacutogastrura)

Jacutogastrura Martynova, 1981

siva Najt, 1978 (Jestella)

Jestella Najt, 1978

sminthurinus Mills, 1934 (Neosminthurus)

Millsurus Betsch, 1977

spectabilis Cassagnau, 1982 (Paleonura)

Paleonura Cassagnau, 1982

sphaeridioides Murphy, 1960 (Sminthurides)

Sminthuridia Massoud & Betsch, 1972

sultana Yoshii, 1982 (Callyntrura)

Callyntrura (Sultanaphysa) Yoshii, 1982

synacantha Cassagnau & Deharveng, 1976 (Franzura)

Franzura Cassagnau & Deharveng, 1976

tetrophthalmus Stach, 1929 (Achorutes)

Neanura (Endonura) Cassagnau, 1979

travei Cassagnau & Peja, 1979 (Pumilinura)

Pumilinura Cassagnau, 1979

tripartita Rusek, 1975 (Marcuzziella)

Marcuzziella Rusek, 1975

vancouverica Rusek, 1976 (Chaetophorura)

Chaetophorura Rusek, 1976

variabilis Betsch, 1977 (Kaszabellina)

Kaszabellina Betsch, 1977

verrucosus Cassagnau, 1978 (Gamachorutes)

Gamachorutes Cassagnau, 1978

vestita Handschin, 1925 (Microphysa)

Callyntrura (Murphysa) Yoshii, 1982

viettei Betsch, 1978 (Paulianitas)

Paulianitas Betsch, 1978

wallacei Betsch & Massoud, 1972 (Bourletides)

Bourletides Betsch & Massoud, 1972

wayang Yosu, 1976 (Propeanura)

Telobella Cassagnau, 1983

xerophila Rusek, 1974 (Doutnacia)

Doutnacia Rusek, 1974

yoshibai Yosii, 1963 (Lobella)

Riozura Cassagnau, 1983

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Davip E. Gaskin. — The genus Roxita Blezynski (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Cram-

binae): new species and combinations and a reappraisal of its relationships, pp.

fi fies. 1—23.

Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, deel 127, afl. 2 Gepubliceerd 10-VIII-1984

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THE GENUS ROXITA BLESZYNSKI (LEPIDOPTERA,

PYRALIDAE, CRAMBINAE): NEW SPECIES AND

COMBINATIONS AND A REAPPRAISAL OF ITS

RELATIONSHIPS

DAVID E. GASKIN

Department of Zoology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

ABSTRACT

The Indo-Oriental genus Roxita Bleszynski is redefined. Four new species, apicella, flet-

cheri, mululella and reductella are described. Modestia Bleszynski is a synonym of Roxita

and the two species M. szetschwanella (Caradja) and M. bipunctella (Wileman & South) are

transferred to Roxita, as is Diptychophora adspersella Snellen. Bleszynski concluded that

Modestia (= Roxita) was closely allied to Pareromene Osthelder (Crambinae, Diptycho-

phorini); in fact the genitalia of both sexes show many characters linking them to Coryno-

phora Berg and Tawhitia Philpott (Crambinae, Crambini, Corynophorina). The zoogeo-

graphy of Roxita is briefly discussed.

INTRODUCTION

In 1963 Bleszynski established the monotypic

genus Roxita to accommodate a new species eu-

rydyce, based on the series (two specimens) of

| Culladia szetschwanella f. modesta Caradja &

Meyrick (1933: 140, nomen nudum). Later he

described a new genus Modestia Bleszynski

(1965: 64) and transferred szetschwanella prop-

er to that genus from Culladia Moore, designat-

| ing a male of the syntypic series (5 males, 1 fe-

male) as a lectotype. Previously (1963: 28) he

has synonymized Crambus modestellus Caradja

(praeocc. by Crambus modestellus Barnes &

McDunnough, 1918) with szetschwanella. He

also commented (1965: 65) that f. modesta was

either a nomen nudum or an incorrect spelling

of modestellus, and indicated that “. . . the spec-

imens listed as f. modesta belonged to a totally

different genus and species which he planned to

describe later” (my quotes, from translation). It

is quite evident he had forgotten that he had al-

ready described these specimens as the type of

Roxita eurydyce (1963: 176), and also failed to

recognize that they were members of the same

genus as szetschwanella.

The latter error was particularly puzzling un-

til Mr. Michael Shaffer of the British Museum of

Natural History obtained the type series from

the Muzeul G. Antipa in Bucharest for the au-

thor, and observed that the female was a dam-

aged and undescribed species of Glaucocharis

Meyrick. It seems likely that Bleszynski was

misled in his conclusions about the status of f.

modesta by the genitalia of this misidentified

specimen.

Further comparative studies and a search of

the British Museum collections in close cooper-

ation with Mr. Shaffer led to the conclusion that

both described species of Modestia, M. szetsch-

wanella (Caradja) and M. bipunctella (Wileman

& South) should be transferred to Roxita, that

Modestia was a synonym of Roxita, that Dipty-

chophora adspersella Snellen should also be

transferred to Roxita, and that four previously

undescribed species apicella n. sp., fletcheri n.

sp., mululella n. sp. and reductella n. sp. should

also be assigned to Roxita. All seven species are

rather small, yellowish or brownish crambine

moths, with or without fasciae, 10—17 mm in

wingspan, which could be confused with several

diptychophorine genera on the basis of external

appearance. They were therefore of considera-

ble interest to the author, who is revising the

world Diptychophorini. The genitalia of the

known females of Roxita sp. however, are quite

distinctively corynophorine, with an external

limen formed by fusion of the lamellae ante-

and postvaginales, so that the extremity of the

antrum protrudes. Nor is the structure of the

male valvae at all characteristic of the quadrate

form (with undeveloped sacculus) typical of

Glaucocharis and most other diptychophorine

18 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 2, 1984

genera. On the basis of the former morphology

alone Roxita must be excluded from the Dipty-

chophorini, as defined by Gaskin (1971).

The subtribe Corynophorina, previously

known only from Australia and New Zealand

(Gaskin, 1975: 376) has its distribution greatly

extended by the addition of Roxita to the two

genera previously assigned, Corynophora Berg

and Tawhitia Philpott. The distribution of Rox-

ita itself may be extended by future discoveries,

but at present appears to be exclusively Indo-

Oriental.

Roxita exhibits several specialized features in

addition to loss of forewing m,; the most signif-

icant of these is atrophy of the juxta in most

species. In Tawhitia species the juxta is re-

tained, and the saccus of the male has a charac-

teristic ventral flap. The anal papillae of female

Tawbitia are fused distally to form a “dutch

clog-shaped” structure. Corynophora is decid-

edly more primitive than either of the above

genera; the anal papillae are barely fused distal-

ly, the corpus bursae bears unmodified signa

reminiscent of those found in generalized

Crambina, the evagination of the sterigmal scle-

rites is rudimentary (albeit present) in contrast

to the condition in the other genera, and in the

male the narrowing of the valva and the segre-

gation and elaboration of the costal region has

not progressed far. The uncus, gnathos, sacculus

and ventral region of the valvae however, are es-

sentially the same structures found in other gen-

era. The morphology of the venation and geni-

talic structures in both sexes provides strong ev-

idence for common ancestry.

The Corynophorina present an interesting

zoogeographical problem. One of the alterna-

tive hypotheses put forward by Gaskin (1975:

274) concerning the evolution of Crambini was

the postulation of southern origin. The Coryno-

phorina were believed to have been isolated in

Australia and New Zealand, while the Crambi-

na, with a less restricted Gondwanic distribu-

tion, avoided this isolation and were able to col-

onize tropical grasslands and eventually the

temperate grasslands of the northern hemi-

sphere. Obviously, while southern origin re-

mains a strong possibility, the corynophorine

isolation hypothesis must now be re-assessed.

Two alternatives present themselves; 1) Were

the Corynophorina more widely dispersed in

the southern hemisphere before the separation

of Australia from Antarctica than previously

thought? or 2) Is the present distribution the re-

sult of extension of range from Australia into

southern Asia in the late Tertiary, with subse-

quent isolations leading to further speciation?

The former appears most likely, for several

reasons. True Australian faunal elements appear

to have had little success colonizing the tropics

to the north of the continent, except for pene-

trations into New Guinea. The most primitive

genus of the Corynophorina, Corynophora it-

self, has survived, like so many other relict

groups, in isolation in Australia. Modification

of the basic corynophorine plan in the more

specialized genus Tawhitia could well be related

to this genus being distributed in the extreme

southeast of Australia and in southern New

Zealand, areas which have had more radical late

Tertiary geomorphological and climatic histo-

ries than much of subtropical and warm-tem-

perate eastern Australia (see Fleming, 1962,

1963a, b, for example) and hence perhaps expe-

rienced more rigorous selection pressures.

Both Tawhitia and Roxita possess characters

obviously apomorphic with respect to Coryno-

phora, but they are not the same characters,

suggesting segregated radiation over a long pe-

riod. The valval elaborations in Roxita are quite

characteristic, and the juxta has become atro-

phied. In Tawhitia the latter structure has be-

come rather strong and complex. While Cory-

nophora so far is known only from Australia,

one species of Tawhitia is endemic to the alpine

habitat of the South Island of New Zealand. The

New Zealand alpine (T. glaucophanes Philpott)

may well be a relict derivate of ancient eastern

Gondwanic stock; the other species (T. penta-

dactyla (Zeller)) on the other hand, is so close to

the Australian form that colonization in or even

since Quaternary time has to be a distinct possi-

bility.

Corynophorines seem to be absent from Af-

rica and South America, yet common to all

major geographic zones of the Indo-Austral-

asian/Oriental regions. It seems reasonable

therefore, to assume that the segregation, speci-

ation and dispersal of Roxita occurred in the

northern Gondwanic periphery, i.e. what is

now the Malaysian-southern Oriental region,

with subsequent colonization of India and Cey-

lon. It must not be overlooked however, that

one of the least specialized members of the ge-

nus occurs in Sri Lanka. Absence of Roxita

from South America, Africa, Australia and New

Zealand tends to imply that its radiation has

been a phenomenon of the middle to late Tert-

GASKIN: The genus Roxita 19

fletcheri

reductella

szetschwanella 5

zdf

eurydyce

bipunctella

apicella

Fig. 1. Records of Roxita species. 1, fletcheri (southern Himalayas); 2, reductella (Khasia hills of Assam); 3,

adspersella (Sri Lanka); 4, apicella (West Malaysia); 5, szetschwanella (western China); 6, bipunctella (Taiwan);

7, mululella (East Malaysia); 8, eurydyce (southern China).

iary period, well after the separation of the ma-

jor continental elements of the Gondwanic

complex.

Within Roxita itself three distinct species

groups can be recognized. Differences in size

and habitus are at first sight rather extreme in

this genus, but are in fact no greater than those

found within Orocrambus Purdie of New Zea-

land (Gaskin, 1975). The closest relationship is

that between apicella and mululella, distributed

in West and East Malaysia respectively (fig. 1),

indicating a similar history to butterflies of

“faunal element 1B” of this region (Holloway,

1973), and prompting speculation that the genus

will be found in Sumatra as well, and possibly in

the Lesser Sunda Islands, Celebes and the Phil-

ippines. The relationships of reductella cannot

be determined without further material. The

Oriental species bipunctella and szetschwanella

| of Taiwan and western China are closely re-

lated, as might be expected. The third group,

containing adspersella of Sri Lanka, fletcheri of

northern India and eurydyce of southeast

China, is the most widely distributed. As might

be expected, although there are clear attinities

between the species, these are not quite as close

as those among the previous species pairs. As

aforementioned, the Sri Lanka species is the

most primitive of these three, in contrast to the

usual situation where faunal elements of Sri

Lanka and southern India are derivative with

respect to northern India (Holloway, 1974).

Roxita Bleszynski

Type-species: Roxita eurydyce Bleszynski, 1963 (par-

tim), by monotypy.

Roxita Bleszynski, 1963: 176.

Modestia Bleszynski, 1965: 64. Type-species: Culla-

dia szetschwanella Caradja, 1931, by monotypy.

New synonymy.

Revised description.

Terminology throughout descriptions follows

Diakonoff (1954), Klots (1956) and Dugdale

(1966). The abbreviation “LMB ratio” in the de-

scriptions of male genitalia refers to length to

medium breadth ratio of the aedeagus.

In forewings, Sc and r, separate, r} and r,

20 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 2, 1984

Figs. 2, 3. Forewing (2) and hindwing (3) venation of typical Roxita species.

with common stalk, r, free, not stalked with r,

as in Crambini, m, absent (fig. 2). In hindwings,

m,, m, and cu, arising from common stalk,

hindwing cell open (fig. 3). Male genitalia with

valvae characteristically much tapered, folded,

developed into prongs, lobes and or setae, espe-

cially in costal region. Sacculus and ventral mar-

gin of valva may also be so developed. Female

genitalia having lateral extremities of antrum

fused with eighth tergite, which has much re-

duced anterior apophyses. Lamella antevaginalis

(sterigmal sclerotization forming anterior lip of

antrum) often drawn out into a spade-shaped

external protrusion of the antrum which takes

the form of a rather elongated, evaginated scle-

rotized tube (limen). Little or no modification

of the posterior margin of the seventh sternite is

involved. Corpus bursae usually asignate; two

elongate signa present in one species. Early

stages not known.

KEYS TO THE SPECIES OF ROXITA BLESZYNSKI

A. External features

1. Ground colour of forewings dull buffish

vellen ann A er ds Foot 2

Forewings brown, with or without hori-

zontal or transverse dark-bordered whitish

RASTA NEL Foe oa haters tee EEE oA REN 3

2. Ante- and postmedial fasciae represented

by incomplete dark borders only (fig. 4)....

ity SER BR raak ESC apicella n. sp

— Ante- and postmedial fasciae white, dark-

bordered (ic. 5) Kun. mululella n. sp.

3. Forewing brown, but devoid of antemedial

fasciae of either type, with dark brown sub-

terminal zone (fig. 6) ..... reductella n. sp.

— Forewing brown; with or without white

horizontal or transverse fasciae, subtermi-

nal zone same colour as rest of wing ..... 4

4. Well-marked transverse fasciae on fore-

wing; no trace of pale, horizontal fascia .. 5

Well-marked or indistinct pale horizontal

fascia on forewing, with or without trans-

versetascian. ips tn. Lube Dad dee AAT 6

. Antemedial fascia broad, white with thick

chocolate brown distal margin, postmedial

fascia not touching termen (fig. 7) .........

adspersella (Snellen)

Antemedial fascia tapering sharply from

costa, becoming obsolete before dorsum

except for thin dark distal streak; postmedi-

al fascia touching termen in two places (fig.

Orr Sii ree fletcheri n. sp.

. Apical zone of forewing yellowish ochre

proximally, whitish distally. Dark-bor-

dered, buff transverse fascia at about 0.3

from base (fig. 9) .... eurydyce Bleszynski

Apical zone of forewing dark brown with

white distal patch. No transverse fascia as

deseribednabovenst ot MEN 7

. Apical zone of forewing dark except for

narrow white terminal stripe (fig. 10) …

szetschwanella (Caradja)

Apical zone of forewing dark, but with

broad oval white zone against terminal

margin (Hersh) ete dorst Br

bipunctella (Wileman & South)

B. Male genitalia

(Male genitalia of reductella n. sp. not known)

. Valva bearing long, curved costal setae... 2

No such costal setae present............ 3

. Basal costal prong absent; setae flattened,

apically expanded (fig. 12) .. apicella n. sp.

Basal prong absent, setae tapered (fig. 14)...

mululella n. sp.

. Only costal region of valva bearing protu-

berantesir.. tn aero hey Ae 4

Valva ventral margin folded, with elongate

protuberance: I Bene 6

. Costa of valva with single apical prong (fig.

16) adspersella (Snellen)

Gaskin: The genus Roxita 21

Costa of valva with basal and apical prongs

en ee Per M.z....... 5

. Apical prong of valval costa with short

curved spur near its base; basal prong of

costa very slender, and as long as apical

prone (p.48) 41... .... fletcheri n. sp.

Apical region of valval costa lacking such a

prong, robust basal prong considerably

Bapster tan apıcal (tig. 15) ..::::.....0...

eurydyce Bleszynski

. Pyramidal costa, elongate, slender apical

prong (fig. 20).... szetchwanella (Caradja)

Costa only slightly arched, with broad, flat-

tened apical prong, curved sharply dorso-

introrsely (fig. 22)

bipunctella (Wileman & South)

£ RU cl £

= ee Es Gace =

a pece. # re 2

ren Rn vs a

7 em =

Figs. 4—11. Forewing patterns of the species of Roxita. 4, apicella; 5, mululella; 6, reductella; 7, adspersella; 8,

fletcheri; 9, eurydyce; 10, szetschwanella; 11, bipunctella.

C. Female genitalia

(Female genitalia of eurydyce and reductella not

known)

Corpus bursae with two signa; “fatty”-

looking subantral sac present (fig. 13) ......

apicella n. sp.

Corpus asignate, no such sac present..... 2

. Strong fusion between base of antral region

and anterio-lateral angles of eighth tergite.

Antrum without lateral extensions, apically

Spattlate! anti EN eee Gl. SAL n 3

Weak fusion between antral base and eighth

tergite. Antrum with lateral extensions... 4

. Ductus bursae about 3.5 x length of poste-

roRapophyse (HIN IR

adspersella (Snellen)

22 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 2, 1984

— Ductus bursae about 6 X length of posteri-

or apophyses (fig. 19) ..... fletcheri n. sp.

4. Antral region with slight lateral extensions

A ene szetchwanella (Caradja)

— Antral region with broad lateral “wing-

hikes extensions:(hie. 23) .. ere 2 e.

ER bipunctella (Wileman & South)

Roxita adspersella

(Snellen, 1893) n. comb.

(figs. 7, 16, 17)

Diptychophora adspersella Snellen, 1893: 61, pl. 3 fig.

Dipsychopbora adspersella Snellen; Bleszynski & Col-

lins, 1962: 295.

External characters. — Labial palpi creamy-

buff, 1.5 X head length. Head whitish-buff,

frons rounded. Thorax, legs and abdomen pale

buff.

Forewings (fig. 7) with ground colour pale

creamy buff. Basal fascia absent. Antemedial

fascia dark brown, with pale proximal edging,

broad, waved, angled at about 0.2 with one or

two “teeth” on distal side of angle, costal ex-

tremity yellow in some specimens. Basal half of

wing clouded with dark brown in interneural

spaces. Postmedial fascia (not touching terminal

margin as in fletcheri) broad, silvery white,

flanked proximally with “toothed” yellow mar-

gin, the “teeth” extending into the discal region

with some grey scaling between them. Apical

and terminal region plain buff, with a pair of

black spots on the margin at 0.6 and 0.7, flanked

distally by small buff marks. Cilia bounded

proximally by a thin, brown marginal fascia,

themselves buff with brown tips. Ventral sur-

face dull mid-brown.

Hindwings creamy white, or with apical

brown shading, cilia pale buff with a dark termi-

nal fascia. Ventral surfaces dull pale brown.

Expanse 10—12 mm.

Male genitalia. — Fig. 16. Uncus strong, nar-

row, sharply pointed, curved steeply ventrad.

Gnathos apically spatulate and lightly scobinate,

lateral elements narrow. Tegumen weak, elon-

Figs. 12, 13. Male and female genitalia of R. apicella. In this and all subsequent genitalia drawings the indicated

scale is 1 mm.

Gaskin: The genus Roxita 23

gate, basally narrowed. Vinculum absent, or in-

distinguishable from lateral wall of saccus. Sac-

cus moderate, bluntly rounded, about 0.5 x

length of uncus. Juxta weak, rhomboidal. Valva

about twice length of uncus, with strong demar-

cation of broad costal region. Costa terminating

in a large, curved, strong apical prong, dorsad of

which is a blunt lobe at termination of costal

sector. Valva proper very elongate, tapered to

point, with weak cucullus. Sub-basal part of val-

va has a weak elongate ridge which may repre-

sent demarcation of a distinct saccular region.

Aedeagus massive, stout, LMB ratio about 5 : 1,

lacking cornuti, but with sub-apical ridge at

right angles to longitudinal axis.

Female genitalia. — Fig. 17. Anal papillae

moderately sclerotized, free, about half length

of posterior apophyses. Eighth abdominal ter-

gite quite massive, about twice as long as anal

papillae, fused in latero-ventral lines with mar-

gins of antrum. Anterior apophyses about 0.75

X length of posteriors. Lamella postvaginalis

forming a very strong dorsal roof to antrum; it

is to this plate that the tergite margins fuse. La-

mella antevaginalis forming a similar, but

curved, apically spatulate plate, half of which

projects some distance beyond the curved pos-

terior margin of the seventh sternite. Ductus

bursae about 3.5 X length of posterior apo-

physes, with a “kink” in the partly recurved

portion at about 0.3—0.4, ductus seminalis

junction obscure in available preparation, but

apparently at about 0.4. Corpus bursae asignate.

Types. — Lectotype dg, Sri Lanka (Ceylon),

(“u.d.P.”), genitalia preparation GS 6746; un-

published (?) designation by E. G. Munroe (la-

bel) (BMNH). Paralectotypes, 2 6, bearing

original “u.d.P.” labels, but additionally erro-

neously labelled “Pontiak W. Borneo (Andre)”

(BMNH).

Material examined. — Ceylon, 2 d “Ceylon”

(Rothschild Bequest), no other data; 2 d, “Cey-

lon”, 1892 (acq. Doncaster); 1 gd, “Ceylon”,

9— 26 (Green coll.); 1 dg, “Ceylon, R.07”, 2 9

“Ceylon, 95—37” (1 in CNC, Ottawa); 1 9

Sratiam, Ceylon, C.F.H./96”; 1 © Kegala,

Oct. 1909, 4184 (Mackwood), genitalia prep.

BM pyral. 14700; also 1 ©, “4184” (presumably

also a specimen from Kegala) (all in BMNH un-

less otherwise stated).

_ Remarks. — The life history is unknown, ex-

cept that the flight period includes September

and October. While the valval costa is charac-

teristically differentiated (fig. 16) it is of essen-

tially simpler structure than in the other species.

R. adspersella forms a rather discrete species

subgroup with A. fletcheri; both are considerab-

ly smaller (10—13 mm) than other members of

the genus and more closely related to R. eury-

dyce than any other species. Discovery of

adspersella in India would not be surprising.

Roxita fletcheri new species

(figs. 8, 18, 19)

External characters. — Labial palpi 2 X head

length, whitish-scaled. Head whitish, frons

rounded. Thorax creamy yellow, legs, abdomen

similar.

Forewings (fig. 8) with grey ground colour,

costa clouded basally with mid-brown. Basal

fascia absent, antemedial fascia touching costa at

about 0.6, dark brown, rather indistinct, angled

sharply at about 0.2, the costal extremity

marked distally with a small yellow bar. Discal

region grey, with slight brown costal clouding,

but penetrated from silvery white subterminal

band by neural stripes of solid yellow scaling

reaching central discal region. Post-medial fas-

cia narrowly edged proximally by yellow, more

thickly distally by blackish scaling. Outer mar-

gin of fascia sharply angled twice, touching the

margin at about 0.3 and 0.7 (these angles are im-

portant features for distinguishing this species

from adspersella on forewing pattern). Apical

region and the two other marginal areas cut off

by angles of postmedial fascia, all buff, with a

pair of black marginal spots at 0.5 and 0.6. Ter-

minal extremity of apex bearing a wedge of

golden brown scales. Ventral surface mid-grey-

ish brown, with marginal and apical markings

faintly repeated from dorsal surface.

Hind-wings mid-brown, slightly paler be-

neath, with sinuate termen.

Wing expanse 11—13 mm.

Male genitalia. — Fig. 18. Uncus nearly

straight in profile, narrow when viewed from

below, apex sharply pointed. Gnathos only

slightly shorter than uncus, apically rounded

and slightly spatulate. Tegumen weak, narrow.

Vinculum small, sub-triangular, with very

strong margins. Saccus massive, tapered, apical-

ly rounded, about 1.25 X length of uncus. Juxta

a weak plate, more or less quadrate, but indeter-

minate in shape. Valva about 3.75 X length of

uncus, very elongate, narrow, apically rounded,

with weak cucullus. Valval costa extending to

about 0.5 of dorsal margin, with slender basal

24 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 2, 1984

Figs. 14, 15. Male genitalia of R. mululella (14) and R. eurydyce (15).

prong nearly length of uncus, and a pair of api-

cal prongs at 0.6, one long, one short, both

pointed, curved dorsad. Aedeagus about 0.8 X

length of valva, LMB ratio about 9 : 1, tubular,

with single irregular sub-apical cornutus.

Female genitalia. — Fig. 19. Anal papillae rel-

atively strong, free, somewhat tapered apically.

Posterior apophyses about twice length of pa-

pillae. Eighth abdominal tergite strong, with

ventro-lateral sterigmal extentions, fusing with

lateral margins of antrum. Anterior apophyses

reduced to short stubs. Lamella antevaginalıs

with strong, spatulate extension protruding be-

yond the posterior margin of the seventh ster-

nite; lamella postvaginalis with a similar but

much smaller extension as dorsal roof of an-

trum. Rest of both lamellae weaker, but staining

intensely blue with chlorazol black. Ductus

bursae lightly scobinate, 6 X length of posterior

apophyses (measured from posterior lip of an-

tral shield), ductus seminalis joining at about

0.15. Corpus bursae asignate.

Types. — Holotype d, N. India, Himachal

Pradesh, Dharmsala (32 14'N 76 24’E), 8.vii.59,

genitalia prep. BM pyral. 14772 (BMNH). Para-

types: N. India, 1 6, Bhimtal to Mukto’sar,

11.1x.1923

(BMNH). Nepal, 1 d Bhimpedi, 400 m, 4—

7.1v.1962 (G. Ebert and H. Falkner) SB 5792

(München). Sikkim, 1 &, 2,800 ft., vi.1895 (J. G.

Pilcher) BM pyral. 7483 (BMNH); 1 ® Dikchu,

2,500 ft, 22.iv.1924 (R. W. G. Hingston) BM

pyral. 14788 (BMNH).

5,000— 6,000 Li (Fletcher)

Remarks. — This close relative (and apparent

derivate) of R. adspersella is presently known

from northern India, Sikkim and Nepal, and the

flight period includes April, June, July and Sep-

tember. The early stages are unknown. It is

clearly distinguishable from adspersella by the

form of the postmedial fascia of the forewing,

the complex spinose costa of the male valva, and

the ventrally fused eighth abdominal tergite

with short anterior apophyses in the female.

Roxita eurydyce Bleszynski

(figs. 9, 15)

Roxita eurydyce Bleszynski, 1963: 176 (fig. 64, d

genitalia, but fig. 62, labelled © genitalia, is a misi-

dentification).

External characters. — Described from holo-

type male by Bleszynski (1963), accurately ex-

Gaskin: The genus Roxita 25

cept that the costal portion of the apical area of

the forewing is yellow and the terminal zone

white, not the reverse as in his description (fig.

9). True female of this species not known.

Male genitalia. — Fig. 15. As described and

figured by Bleszynski (redrawn here for com-

parative purposes), but the basal process of the

valval costa is smooth and slender, not stout as

drawn by Bleszynski.

Type. — Holotype d, China, Lung-Tao-

Shan, Kwangtung, 230 km from Canton, genit.

prep. 2611-SB, Muzeul G. Antipa, Bucharest.

Remarks. — As indicated in the Introduction,

the paratype female of the type series is in fact

referable to the genus Glaucocharis Meyrick.

The specimen is very damaged and does not

merit description as a new species until more

material is obtained. While eurydyce stands a

little isolated from szetschwanella and bipunc-

tella on one hand, and apicella and mululella on

the other, the affinities in male genitalic charac-

ters with fletcheri and adspersella are striking.

Bleszynski’s statement (1963: 178) that the spe-

cies was described from “two females” is ob-

viously a simple typographic error.

Roxita reductella new species

(fig. 6)

External characters. — Labial palpi about

Figs. 16, 17. Male and female genitalia of R. adspersella.

1.75 X head length, buffish yellow. Head butt,

frons rounded, thorax, legs, buff with yellow

scales.

Forewings (fig. 6) with ground colour of

whitish brown, discal region covered with scat-

tered brown scaling. Basal and antemedial fas-

ciae absent, although position of latter is

marked on costa by one or two obscure white

and black marks. Disc buffish brown. Postme-

dial fascia narrow, white, edged with dark

brown, curved from costa, with slight zig-zag at

about 0.8. Subterminal zone clouded with dark

brown. Pair of black sub-marginal spots charac-

teristic of genus situated at 0.6 and 0.8. Apical

zone white, with a medial buffish yellow zone.

Some yellowish patches are also present in the

sub-costal region of the disc. Ventral surface

dull, pale brown. Cilia buffish, with dark bases

(most outer cilia missing in available specimen).

Hindwings pale brown, apical cilia with dark

brown bases, otherwise also pale brown.

Wing expanse 16.5 mm.

Type. — Holotype 6, N.E. India, Khasia,

Aug. 1894 (nat. collr), Rothschild Beq. 1939—1,

no abdomen (BMNH).

Remarks. — I describe this species, despite

the missing abdomen, since it is clearly a new

species of Roxita which could not be confused

26 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 2, 1984

Figs. 18, 19. Male genitalia of R. fletcheri.

with other known members of the genus. Only

the unique holotype has so far been collected.

Roxita szetschwanella

(Caradja) new combination

(figs. 10, 20, 21)

Crambus modestellus Caradja, 1927: 395 (praeoc.).

Culladia szetschwanella Caradja, 1931: 203.

Culladia szechwanella Caradja; Caradja & Meyrick,

1933: 140 (misspelling of szetschwanella).

Modestia szetschwanella (Caradja); Bleszynski, 1965:

64 (partim), pl. 2 fig. 17, pl. 34 fig. 17 (d genita-

lia), pl. 87 fig. 17 ( genitalia).

Modestia szetschwanella (Caradja); Bleszynski, 1970:

59.

External characters. — Described by Caradja

(1927, 1931), briefly re-described, and illus-

trated in colour, by Bleszynski (1965, p. 64 &

pl. 2 fig. 17). I also present fig. 10, provided for

comparative purposes.

Male genitalia. — Fig. 20. Illustrated by

Bleszynski (1965, pl. 34 fig. 17) redrawn and re-

described here, with re-interpretations. Uncus

and gnathos about equal in length, sharply and

bluntly pointed and curved ventrad and dorsad

respectively. Tegumen simple. Saccus somewhat

tapered in preparation, but probably rounded in

reality. Vinculum an elongate triangular struc-

ture about 0.4 X as wide as length of uncus.

Juxta not recognized in preparation. Valva

about 3 X length of uncus (4 X if apical costal

prong included). Costal region strong, massive-

ly sub-pyramidal at about 0.8, then terminating

in apical prong, curved slightly posteriad, and

about length of uncus. Valva proper apically

and moderately tapered, with weak cucullus,

and an introrse ventral fold, bearing a sub-basal

curved prong at about 0.4 from base, and a

much longer (nearly 1.5 X length of uncus) flat-

tened, gently tapered prong with rounded apex.

Aedeagus about equal to length of valva, tubu-

lar, truncate, LMB ratio about 10:1, apical

quarter slightly curved and scobinate.

Female genitalia. — Fig. 21. The paralecto-

type specimen (slide GU-2904-B1), stated by

GASKIN: The genus Roxita 27

Figs. 20, 21. Male and female genitalia of R. szetschwanella.

Bleszynski (1965) to be in the Antipa collection

in Bucharest, could not be obtained for re-ex-

amination. Since this is the only known female,

Bleszynski’s figure is redrawn here. His draw-

ing reveals relatively little detail, and the junc-

tion of the ductus seminalis was not shown. The

margin of the antrum however, can be seen to

be extruded from the membrane posterior to the

seventh sternite, and the base of the antrum is

fused with the latero-anterior angles of the

eighth tergite. The corpus bursae is asignate.

Types. — Lectotype d, China, Kwanshien,

Szetschwan, Etikette coll., Muzeul G. Antipa,

Bucharest. Also 4 d and 1 ® paralectotypes,

Bucharest. Holotype d of Crambus modestellus

Caradja (praeocc.), same locality as szetschwa-

nella, dated 19.vii.—, also in Bucharest.

Material examined. — W. China, 6 3, Mt.

Omei, 4,000 ft, —vii.32; 1 3, same data but

—.vil.32. One of former lacks left wings and

has genitalia prep. BM pyral. 5468 (GU—964—

B1) (BMNH). This latter specimen has been

used for a venation preparation. Another d

bears a label “Gewalt von Dr. F. Gregor fur

Micr. Pal.”, and is the specimen figured by

Bleszynski (1965, pl. 2 fig. 17).

Remarks. — Closely related to R. bipunctella

of Taiwan, but the forewing of szetschwanella is

proportionally more slender, with more white

in the distal position of the apical triangle. The

female of szetschwanella lacks the swollen sub-

ostiolar sac present in bipunctella and the costal

prong of the male valva is quite slender and not

recurved in the former species.

Roxita bipunctella

(Wileman & South) new combination

(figs. 11, 22, 23)

Culladia bipunctella Wileman & South, 1917: 148.

Culladia bipunctella Wileman & South; Bleszynski &

Collins, 1962: 288.

Modestia bipunctella Wileman & South; Bleszynski,

1970: 58.

External characters. — Briefly described by

Wileman & South (1917), re-described and il-

lustrated here (fig. 11). Labial palpi 1.25 X head

length, pale brown, whitish on inner surfaces.

Thorax, legs, pale brown.

Forewings with whitish ground colour, baso-

posterior region clouded with buff and darker

brown scales. Costa with broad chocolate band

to about 0.6 from base, basal fascia obsolete ex-

28 TIIDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 2, 1984

ennen) WEES

Ne EE È

SE cA

Figs. 22, 23. Male and female genitalia of R. bipunctella.

cept for dark blotches, from which a neural

streak of dark brown, expanded distally, runs

from base to about 0.4 in disc. “Antemedial”

fascia broad, whitish, invaded by brown scaling,

edged distally with an obscure, broken, thick

brown line, zig-zagged at 0.3 from costa. Fascia

displaced to beyond medial position in this spe-

cies. True postmedial fascia narrow, clear white,

edged with dark brown, almost touching ter-

men at 0.3, zig-zagged sharply at 0.7. Reniform

stigma absent, proximal portion of disc with

scattered dark brown scaling, a pair of silvery

streaks from angle of postmedial fascia at 0.3,

the anterior-most extended in a dark streak

across disc. Another pale streak, edged with

dark brown, erupts from the angle of postmedi-

al fascia at 0.7. Subterminal region dark brown,

as is apical sector, except for a marginal white

patch. The two black spots in the subterminal

zone, characteristic of this genus, are distinct at

0.5 and 0.7. Ventral surfaces mid-brown with

apical and terminal markings repeated from

dorsal surface. Cilia pale brown with dark

bases.

Hindwings pale brown, both above and be-

low.

Wing expanse 12-15 mm.

Male genitalia. — Fig. 22. Uncus narrow in

ventral aspect, laterally flattened, curved ven-

trad. Gnathos slightly shorter than uncus, api-

cally rounded, and spatulate, minutely spinose,

curved slightly dorsad. Tegumen simple, with

relatively weak margins. Vinculum narrow,

about 0.3 X as wide as uncus is long. Saccus

broad, rounded. Juxta not recognized in prepa-

ration. Valva complex, about 2.5 x length of

uncus, with strong costa terminating in a broad

apical prong, curved dorso-introrsely. Valva

proper with ventral fold, which has a sub-basal

curved spine, apically hooked, about half length

of uncus, and a broad, apically rounded, nearly

straight, flattened protuberance, tapered only

slightly from its base, arising at about 0.5. Seg-

regation of valva proper and costal region ex-

tends to about 0.6 from base. Aedeagus equal in

length to valva, LMB ratio about 8 : 1, apical

third scobinate or minutely spinose. Cornuti

absent.

GASKIN: The genus Roxita 29

Female genitalia. — Fig. 23. Anal papillae

weakly fused dorsally, flattened, almost clog-

shaped in profile, posterior apophyses about 2.5

X length of papillae. Eighth tergite about as

long as posterior apophyses, anterior apophyses

reduced to short, curved protrusions barely 0.3

X length of posteriors. Antrum a complex tube,

lamella ante-vaginalis drawn out into a pair of

lateral flanges on each side of the posterior duc-

tus, and curving dorso-introrsely to fuse

through moderately sclerotized but flexible ex-

tensions to the ventro-anterior angles of the

eighth tergite. Eighth sternite absent, or incor-

porated with lamella postvaginalis into dorsal

wall of antrum. Ductus bursae about 4 X length

of posterior apophyses, with ductus seminalis

joining at base of antral region. Corpus bursae

asignate.

Types. — Lectotype: d, Taiwan. White ob-

long label “Kanshirei, Formosa, 1,000 ft.

13.vi.1906 (A. E. Wileman); faded white oblong

“Culladia bipunctella sp.n. Type male”. Purple-

bordered circular label “lectotype”, red-bor-

dered label “Type”, and blue label “abdomen

missing” (BMNH). Paralectotypes: 4 d Tai-

wan, 3 as above but 12.v1.1906, BM pyral. 7437;

16.1x.1906, BM pyral. 7485; and 15.1x.1906; one

from Koannania, 15.1x.1906 (all BMNH).

Other material examined. — Taiwan, 1 6, 1

2, Suisha, 2.vi.1934 (L. Gressitt) (BMNH), BM

pyral. 16812 2.

Remarks. — Presently known only from Tai-

wan, flight period known to include February,

June and September. Differs from szetschwanel-

la only in minor (but distinctive) character pro-

portions in the male genitalia, but shows an

_apomorphic character (sub-antral sac) in female

genitalia.

Roxita apicella new species

(figs. 4, 12, 13)

External characters. — Labial palpi about 1.5

X head length, silvery grey. Head yellowish,

frons rounded, thorax, legs and abdomen yel-

lowish brown with scattered darker scaling.

Forewings (fig. 4) with bright orange-brown

ground colour. Base of wing blackish brown,

position of basal fascia represented by black

streak. Antemedial fascia broad, dull white,

flanked irregularly by dark brown, sharply an-

gled at 0.2. Discal region with an indistinct,

quadrate yellowish reniform. Postmedial fascia

relatively broad, white, angled sharply at about

0.3 and interrupted in the subapical region,

edged thickly with blackish brown. Apical re-

gion plain orange-brown, bounded at its base

by a segment of the interrupted white postmedi-

al fascia. The apex is characteristically turned

dorsad and sharply pointed or “tufted”. Sub-ap-

ical indentation of the termen very distinct, and

filled with white cilia. Cilia otherwise dark

brown except at 0.8 from apex, where margin

has a tertiary indentation filled with shining

brown cilia. Margin bears a pair of indistinct

black spots at 0.5 and 0.6. Ventral surface

mottled brown.

Hindwings and outer cilia dark brown, inner

cilia pale brown, ventral surfaces mottled

brown.

Wing expanse 13—14 mm.

Male genitalia. — Uncus simple, tapered,

pointed. Gnathos about 0.75 X length of uncus,

tapered sharply at 0.4 from base, pointed apical

element nearly cylindrical to tip, slightly setu-

lose. Tegumen simple, but with strong dorsal

margins. Vinculum triangular, fused with base

of valval costa. Saccus large, massive, anteriorly

rounded. Juxta a narrow, horizontal crescentic

plate. Valva very complex; elongate and nar-

rowed, valva proper apically rounded and spat-

ulate with weak cucullus. Sub-basal margin of

valval costa and valva proper bears a large, flat,

projecting lobe with a crenellate margin. Costal

lobe separate from main valva from about 0.6,

tapering to a strong, pointed apical prong nearly

twice length of uncus and curved dorsad. The

area of the costal/valva junction bears a number

of small setae, and three very long, expanded,

pointed, ribbon-like flattened setae, each slight-

ly larger than costal prong, giving the genitalia a

deceptively endotrichine appearance. Aedeagus

simple, tubular, rather truncate, about 0.8 X

length of valva, LBM ratio about 10 : 1, with a

single irregular sub-apical cornutus.

Female genitalia. — Fig. 13. Anal papillae

weakly fused dorsally, posterior apophyses

about 2 X length of papillae. Eighth tergite vir-

tually fused in ventral midline to margins of os-

tiolar region. Anterior apophyses reduced, only

about 0.5 X length of posteriors. Antrum a nar-

row tube, more or less circular in cross-section,

lamella ante- and postvaginales developed and

fused to antrum to surround and enclose it ven-

trally and dorsally as elongate overlapping

shields. Subantral region bearing an irregular

“fatty” looking sheath, staining blue with chlo-

razol black. Ductus bursae about 6 X length of

posterior apophyses in total, with ductus semi-

30 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 2, 1984

nalis joining near 0.4. Corpus bursae bearing

two elongate, crescentic, toothed signa.

Types. — Holotype d: West Malaysia,

Trengganu, Gunung Lawit summit ridge; 4,200

ft., 17.11.1974 (102 36'E 5 25’N), at light, geni-

talia preparation BM pyral. 14878 (BMNH).

Paratypes: d, West Malaysia, Perak Hijan,

4,000—4,900 ft., 1891 (Doherty) (BMNH); 6,

Gunong Ijau, Perak (Rothschild Bequest)

(BMNH) BM pyral. 14554; ® same data

(BMNH), BM pyral. 16751.

Remarks. — Presently collected only from

West Malaysia, flight period known to include

March. Sister species of R. mululella of Borneo,

with which it shares the strong, very elongate

curved setae of the valval costa.

Roxita mululella new species

(figs. 5, 14)

External characters. — (Head missing.) Tho-

rax, legs and abdomen pale yellow.

Forewings with pale yellow ground colour

and scattered, dark chocolate brown scaling in

distal region of disc. Basal fascia represented

only by irregular pair of dark brown smudgy

stripes. Antemedial fascia obscure, irregular,

edged broadly with dark brown scaling distally,

narrowly edged with brown proximally. Reni-

form area devoid of scattered scaling. Postmedi-

al fascia narrowly defined, white, edged with

dark brown, angled to touch termen at about

0.3, and again at about 0.8. Silvery white streaks

penetrate disc from each of these angles. Post-

medial region of costa bright yellow, as is apical

zone except for distal white streak on cilia, and

sharply edged with black. The costal apex char-

acteristically turns anteriad. Secondary and tert-

lary indentations of termen present. Subtermi-

nal region clouded with deep bright yellow,

with two black spots, inset from margin at

about 0.5 and 0.7. Ventral surface brown with

apical and terminal markings distinctly repeated

from dorsal surface. Inner cilia shining gold,

outer cilia shining brown.

Hindwings dull white with long white cilia,

Wing expanse 12 mm.

Male genitalia. — Fig. 14. Uncus tapering

sharply at about 0.4 in ventral aspect, then par-

allel-sided, then tapering again to blunt, setulose

apex. Gnathos narrowed to pedicel, bluntly

pointed, with slightly expanded apex. Tegumen

simple. Juxta not recognized in preparation.

Vinculum reduced to a narrow strip at base of

valva. Saccus broad, elongate, nearly length of

uncus, apically rounded with partial ventral

“keel”. Valva about 2.75 X length of uncus,

much narrowed. Single curved spine arising

from basal region of costo-vulvular junction,

followed by a more typical costal protrusion at

about 0.25 from base, curved dorso-introrsely,

with shortly setulose apex. Distal region of cos-

ta and costo-valva junction produced into one

broad and two narrow (setae-like), elongate (1.5

x length of uncus) curved spines. Valva ta-

pering abruptly at about 0.5 to parallel-sided

distal region with bluntly rounded, lightly setu-

lose apex. Aedeagus simple, tubular, about 0.75

x length of valva. LMB ratio about 7.5: 1,

slightly scobinate in apical third, cornuti absent.

Type. — Holotype d, Sarawak, site 26, G.

Api Pinnacles, 428545, open scrub, April 1977

(J. D. Holloway), BM pyral. 16774 (BMNH).

Remarks. — Presently known only from

unique holotype from Mt. Mulu region, Sara-

wak, flight period including April. Closely re-

lated to R. apicella; see Remarks on that species.

REFERENCES

Bleszynski, S. 1963. Studies on the Crambidae (Lepi-

doptera). Part 41. On some tropical Crambidae

with descriptions of the new genera and species.

— Acta Zool. Cracov. 8: 133—181.

——, 1965. Crambinae. In: H. G. Amsel, F. Gregor

& H. Reisser (ed.), Microlepidoptera Palaearctica

1: imxlvii, 1—553. — Verlag Georg Fromme &

Co., Wien.

——, 1970. A revision of the genus Culladia Moore

(Studies on the Crambinae, Lepidoptera, Pyrali-

dae, Part 50). — Tijdschr. Ent. 113: 4459, figs.

1-28.

Bleszynski, S. & R. J. Collins. 1962. A short catalogue

of the world species of the Family Crambidae

(Lepidoptera). — Acta. zool. Cracov. 7: 197—

389.

Caradja, A. 1927. Die Kleinfalter der Stotzner’schen

Ausbeute, nebst Zutragen aus meiner Sammlung.

(Zweite biogeographische Skizze “Zentralasien”.)

— Mem. Sect. stiint. Acad. rom. Bucharesti 4:

361—428.

——, 1931. Dritter Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Pyrali-

den von Kwanhsien und Mokanshan (China). —

Bull. Sect. Sci. Acad. Rom, 14: 203—212.

Caradja, A. & E. Meyrick. 1933. Materialen zu

einer Microlepidopteren-Fauna Kwantungs. —

Deutsch. ent. Zeit. Iris 47: 123—167.

Diakonotf, A. 1954. Considerations on the terminolo-

gy of the genitalia in Lepidoptera. — Lep. News

8: 67—74, figs. 1—2.

Gaskin: The genus Roxita 31

Dugdale, J. S. 1966. A Revision of the New Zealand

Schoenotenini and Cnephasiini (Lepidoptera:

Tortricidae: Tortricinae). — N.Z. J. Sci. 9: 731—

775.

Fleming, C. A. 1962. New Zealand biogeography: A

palaeontologist’s approach. — Tuatara 10: 53—

108.

— —, 1963a. Palaeontology and southern biogeogra-

phy. In: J. L. Gressitt (ed.), Pacific Basin Biogeo-

graphy, A Symposium: 369—385. — Bishop Mu-

seum Press, Honolulu.

, 1963b. Age of the alpine biota. — Proc. N.Z.

Ecological Society 10: 15—18.

Gaskin, D. E. 1971. A revision of New Zealand Dip-

tychophorini (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Crambi-

nae). — N.Z.J. Sci. 14: 759—809.

, 1975. Revision of the New Zealand Crambini

(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Crambinae). — N.Z.J.

Zool. 2: 265—363.

Holloway, J. D. 1973. The affinities within four but-

terfly groups (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) in rela-

tion to general patterns of butterfly distribution in

the Indo-Australian area. — Trans. R. ent. Soc.

Lond. 125: 125—176, figs. 1—23.

——, 1974. The biogeography of Indian butterflies.

In: M. S. Mani (ed.), Ecology and Biogeography

in India: 473—499. — Dr. W. Junk b.v. Pub-

lishers, The Hague.

Klots, A. B. 1956. Lepidoptera. In: S. L. Tuxen (ed.),

Taxonomist’s glossary of genitalia in insects: 97—

111. — E. Munksgaard, Copenhagen.

Snellen, P. C. T. 1893. Beschrijving en Afbeelding van

eenige nieuwe of weinig bekende Crambidae. —

Tijdschr. Ent. 36: 54—66.

Wileman, A. E. & R. South. 1917. New species of

Lepidoptera from Japan and Formosa. — Ent. 50:

145—148.

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TIJDSCHRIFT

VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE

UITGEGEVEN DOOR

DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING

MUS. COMP. ZOOL

LIRRARY …

AUG 4 1 1904

-4ARVARD

JNIVERSITY

INHOUD

Br. THEOWALD. — Taxonomie, Phylogenie und Biogeographie der Untergattung

Tipula (Tipula) Linnaeus, 1758 (Insecta, Diptera, Tipulidae), pp. 33—78, figs.

124.

1, Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, deel 127, afl. 3 Gepubliceerd 10-VIII-1984

TAXONOMIE, PHYLOGENIE UND BIOGEOGRAPHIE DER

UNTERGATTUNG TIPULA (TIPULA) LINNAEUS, 1758

(INSECTA, DIPTERA, TIPULIDAE)

von

BR. THEOWALD

Instituut voor Taxonomische Zoölogie (Zoölogisch Museum), Plantage Middenlaan 64, 1018 DH Amsterdam

ABSTRACT

All species recently mentioned as belonging to the subgenus Tipula (Tipula) are studied.

Five are excluded from the subgenus: dichroa Bezzi (Acutipula), jonesi Alexander (Lepto-

tarsus), microcephala Bigot (Lecteria), rothschildi Alexander (Savtshenkia) and setosipennis

Alexander (Yamatotipula). New synonymies are: abyssinica Jaennicke, 1867 = strigata

Loew, 1866; bevisiana Alexander, 1956 soror mashona Alexander, 1920; curtipennis

Mannheims, 1961 = eumecacera Speiser, 1909; niligena Jaennicke, 1867 = bicolor Loew,

1866; venturi Loi, 1964 = plumbea Fabricius, 1781. Most probably chubbi Alexander is a

hybrid of soror mashona Alexander X frater Alexander and hungarica Lackschewitz a hy-

brid of oleracea Linnaeus X orientalis Lackschewitz. Four new taxa are described: conso-

brina (Zimbabwe, Mozambique), italica errans (Sardinia, Balkan Peninsula, Turkey), loeff-

leri (Ethiopia) and zimbabwensis (Zimbabwe).

As up till now mostly short descriptions without illustrations were published of the

Afrotropical species, all are figured and described here. For the well-known Palaearctic spe-

cies only the most important literature is mentioned.

The relationships between species and species groups, based on synapomorphies, are pre-

sented in cladograms. Most probably the loveridgei group of the subgenus Acutipula is the

sister group of the subgenus Zipula. A publication dealing with the relationships between

the subgenera Acutipula and Tipula is in preparation.

The history of the subgenus Tipula is discussed and an areogram is presented. It is not

possible to date with certainty the degrees of differentiation of this predominantly mediter-

ranean subgenus.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Alle in jüngerer Zeit in der Untergattung Tipula an-

geführten Arten wurden überprüft. Fünf Arten ge-

hören nicht in dieser Untergattung: dichroa Bezzi

| (Acutipula), jonesi Alexander (Leptotarsus), microce-

| phala Bigot (Lecteria), rothschildi Alexander (Savt-

shenkia) und setosipennis Alexander (Yamatotipula).

| Nachfolgende Synonymien wurden festgestellt: abys-

| sinica Jaennicke, 1867 = strigata Loew, 1866; bevisia-

na Alexander, 1956 soror mashona Alexander,

1920; curtipennis Mannheims, 1961 eumecacera

Speiser, 1909; niligena Jaennicke, 1867 = bicolor

Loew, 1866; venturi Loi, 1964 = plumbea Fabricius,

1781. T. (T.) chubbi Alexander ist wahrscheinlich ein

Hybrid von soror mashona Alexander X frater Alex-

ander, und hungarica Lackschewitz ein solcher von

oleracea Linnaeus X orientalis Lackschewitz. Neu be-

schrieben werden vier Taxa: consobrina (Zimbabwe,

Mozambique), italica errans (Sardinien, Balkanhalbin-

sel und Türkei), loeffleri (Athiopien) und zimbabwen-

sis (Zimbabwe).

Eine sichere Bestimmung der afrotropischen Arten

war, der ungenügenden Beschreibungen wegen, bis

heute unmôglich. Von all diesen Arten wurden neue

Beschreibungen und Abbildungen angefertigt, und die

gesamte Literatur wurde erwähnt. Von den gut be-

kannten palaearktischen Arten ist nur die wichtigste

Literatur angeführt.

Unter Zugrundelegung von Synapomorphien wer-

den verwandtschaftliche Beziehungen erörtert und ın

Kladogrammen bildlich dargestellt. Als Schwester-

gruppe der Untergattung Tipula kommt nur die love-

ridgei-Gruppe der Untergattung Acutipula in Be-

tracht. Die damit zusammenhängenden taxonomi-

schen und nomenklatorischen Anderungen werden

anderswo (De Jong, in Vorbereitung) ausgearbeitet.

An Hand eines Areogramms wird die wahrscheinli-

che Geschichte der Untergattung dargestellt. Sichere

Datierung der im Areogramm verzeichneten Vorgän-

ge war für diese hauptsächlich an mediterranes Klıma

gebundenen Arten nicht möglich.

EINLEITUNG

Lackschewitz (1930) brachte acht oleracea

Linnaeus-ähnliche Arten zusammen in ei-

ner Artengruppe (oleracea-Gruppe). Edwards

34 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 3, 1984

(1931) stellte in seiner Arbeit über die Untergat-

tungen der Gattung Tipula diese Arten in die

Untergattung Tipula, weil oleracea Typusart ist.

Er bemerkte dabei, daß er keine wesentliche

Unterschiede fand zwischen diesen Arten und

jenen der Untergattung Platytipula. Aufgrund

dieser Bermerkung stellte Alexander (1935) die

Arten der /uteipennis-ultima-Gruppe (Unter-

gattung Platytipula) in die Untergattung Tipula.

Mannheims (1952) fürhte überdies die Arten

der luna-, vittata-, pruinosa- und moesta-

Gruppe in dieser Untergattung ein. Savtshenko

(1961) beschränkte sie wieder auf die Arten der

oleracea-Gruppe sensu Lackschewitz, 1930.

Diese Auffassung wurde von allen späteren Au-

toren übernommen. ’

Die Untergattung Tipula (Karte 1) zählt heu-

te 26 Taxa ım palaearktischen und afrotropi-

schen Gebiet. Im palaearktischen Gebiet ist die

Verbreitung der meisten Arten auf die mediter-

rane Subregion der Westpalaearktis beschränkt,

nur oleracea, paludosa und subcunctans reichen

nach dem Norden bis Fennoskandien, letztge-

nannte Art auch nach dem Osten bis Japan. Im

afrotropischen Gebiet finden sich die Arten in

den Gebirgen von Ost- und Südafrika. Der

europäische Kulturschädling paludosa wurde

vor etwa 100 Jahren durch Fischerboote in Bal-

last nach Newfoundland gebracht und hat sich

von dort auf dem Festland weiter verbreitet

(Alexander, 1962; Jackson & Campbell, 1975).

Auf ähnliche Weise wurde die Art wahrschein-

lich auch dann und wann nach den makaronesi-

schen Inseln gebracht, wo sie — im Gegensatz

zur dort heimischen mediterranea — nur in ein-

zelnen Exemplaren gesammelt wurde: Madeira,

1855, 1 8, lO: Gran Canarias 1903 tine IE

Tenerife, 1918, 1 d (Theowald, 1972, 1977b).

Diese Arbeit stützt sich hauptsächlich auf die

reichhaltigen Sammlungen des Zoologischen

Museums Amsterdam, in denen fast alle Arten

dieser Untergattung, manche von vielen Fund-

orten, vertreten sind. Für die Verbreitung der

palaearktischen Arten stand uns durch Mithilfe

von Herrn Dr. H. Ulrich auch die Sammlung

des Museums Koenig (Bonn) zur Verfügung.

Karte 1. Verbreitung der Untergattung Tipula (Tipula) Linnaeus.

THEOWALD: Die Untergattung Tipula 35

Herr Dr. A. Hutson sandte uns interessante Ar-

ten aus der afrotropischen Sammlung des Briti-

schen Museums. Herr Kollege Dr. P. Ooster-

broek brachte aus Washington (United States

National Museum) Material der Sammlung

Alexander mit. Alle erhaltenen Typen der afro-

tropischen Arten wurden überprüft. Sie finden

sich in einer Reihe von Museen und Instituten

und wurden uns jeweils ohne Schwierigkeiten

zugeschickt. Allen Kollegen, die uns so freund-

lich unterstützten, danken wir herzlich für ihre

Mithilfe.

Obwohl das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit das Stu-

dium der Phylogenie und der Biogeographie

von Tipula (Tipula) war, stellte es sich schon

bald heraus, daß man sich nicht verlassen

konnte auf Beschreibungen und Abbildungen

der Arten. So wurde auch eine taxonomische

Revision dieser Untergattung notwendig.

Für kritische Bemerkungen zu dieser Arbeit

danke ich allen Studenten, die an unserem In-

stitut an Tipuliden arbeiten, besonders den Kol-

legen Dr. P. Oosterbroek und Frau I. Tangel-

der. Herr G. Theischinger war so freundlich,

das MS kritisch zu lesen und sprachlich zu kor-

rigieren. Auch ihm sei herzlich gedankt.

ZUR TAXONOMIE

Alphabetisches Verzeichnis der Arten der

Untergattung Tipula

In diesem Verzeichnis sind nur die Arten auf-

genommen, die in der rezenten Literatur in der

Untergattung Tipula angeführt sind, nicht sol-

che, die man ehemals in diese Untergattung

stellte, heute aber in eine der weiteren Untergat-

tungen stellt. Die palaearktischen Arten sind

eindeutig beschrieben und abgebildet, haupt-

sachlich in Lackschewitz (1930), Mannheims

(1952) und Savtshenko (1961). Fur sie ist nur die

wichtigste Literatur erwahnt. Die afrotropi-

schen Arten dagegen sind nie zusammenfassend

bearbeitet worden, ihre Beschreibungen sind

fast immer unvollstandig, und wichtige Merk-

male des Hypopygs wurden nur selten deutlich

abgebildet. Deshalb sind von allen afrotropi-

schen Arten Beschreibung und Abbildung des

Hypopygs aufgenommen und ist die Literatur

vollständig verzeichnet. Weil der Kopf oftmals

mehr oder weniger unter dem Thorax

gekrümmt ist, ist als Länge immer nur die Län-

ge von Thorax und Hinterleib angegeben.

(abyssinica Jaennicke, 1867) = strigata Loew,

1866 (syn. nov.)

Literatur: Alexander, 1978 (unter abyssinica).

Typus-Lokalität: Simen (das heutige Natur-

schutzgebiet Simen — auch geschrieben Simien

oder Siemen — nordöstlich von Gondar in

Athiopien).

Holotypus d: Nach Jaennicke im Museum

Senckenberg (Frankfurt/Main). Er ist dort nicht

mehr vorhanden und existiert wahrscheinlich

nicht mehr (auch der Typus von strigata ist

nicht mehr aufzufinden).

Bemerkung: Alexander (1978) verzeichnet

diese Art von Addis Abeba. Ich habe das Mate-

rial überprüfen können. Alle Merkmale stim-

men uberein mit Jaennickes Beschreibung von

abyssinica und mit Loews Beschreibung von

strigata. Beide Beschreibungen stimmen auch

weitgehend mit einander uberein. Deshalb stelle

ich abyssinica als jungeres Synonym zu strigata.

atlantica Mannheims, 1962

Literatur: Den Hollander, 1975a; Theowald,

1977a.

Typus-Lokalitàt: Madeira, Curral das Frei-

ras, Vasco Gil.

Holotypus d : Im Museum Helsinki.

Bemerkung: Diese Art wurde von Mann-

heims (1962) deutlich beschrieben und abgebil-

det. Sie ist nur von Madeira bekannt.

(bevisiana Alexander, 1956b) = (mashona Alex-

ander, 1920d) (syn. nov.)

Literatur: Alexander, 1964; Den Hollander,

1975a (= zimbabwensis).

Typus-Lokalität: Lesotho, Basutoland, Mok-

hotlong.

Holotypus d: Im Museum and Art Gallery,

Durban.

Bemerkung: An Hand von Typen und später

gesammelten Exemplaren konnte ich feststellen,

daß bevisiana und mashona identisch sind.

bicolor Loew, 1866 (Abb. 1)

Literatur: Jaennicke, 1867 (unter niligena);

Bezzi, 1905 (unter nıligena); Mannheims, 1952.

Typus-Lokalitat: Simen (das heutige Natur-

schutzgebied Simen — auch geschrieben Simien

oder Siemen — nordöstlich von Gondar in

Athiopien, seit Kertesz, 1902, verwechselt mit

Jemen, Arabien).

Holotypus d: Im Museum für Naturkunde

an der Humboldt-Universität, Berlin (vid.

Mannheims, 1951).

Männchen. — Kopf oben grau, hinten gelb-

hehbraun; Augen unter dem Kopf schmal ge-

trennt, Trennung kaum so breit wie das 1. Füh-

36 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 3, 1984

Hinterteil

Vorderteil N

Abb. 1. Hypopyg von Tipula (T.) bicolor (a, Hinterrandfortsatz des 9. Tergits von oben; b, Hinterrandfortsatz

des 9. Tergits von der linken Seite; c, linker od von der Außenseite; d, linker zd von der Außenseite; e, linker id

von der Innenseite).

lerglied; Rostrum gelb mit deutlichem Nasus;

Palpen dunkelbraun; Fühler 13-gliedrig,

zurückgeschlagen etwa bis zur Flügelwurzel

reichend, Basalglieder und Basis des 1. Geißel-

gliedes gelb, weitere Glieder dunkelbraun, Wir-

telhaare etwa so lang wie die zugehörigen Glie-

der. Thorax gelblichbraun bis grau, Mesonotum

mit vier dunkelgerandeten Längsstreifen; Coxae

und Basalhälfte der Femora gelb, distale Hälfte

der Femora sowie Tibiae und Tarsenglieder

dunkelbraun bis schwarz; Tarsalklauen in der

Mitte mit deutlichem Zahn; Flügel fast glashell,

schwach gelblich getrübt, Stigmentlecken klein

und kaum dunkler gefärbt; Squama mit etwa

vier kurzen Borsten; Schwinger hell bräunlich

mit kaum verdunkeltem Knopf. Hinterleib gelb,

die Hinterränder der Segmente an Ober- und

Unterseite schwarz, Rückenstreifen kaum sicht-

bar, Seitenstreifen undeutlich, das 2. Sternit an

der Basis mit einem runden Fleck. Hypopyg mit

auffallend scharfem Kiel; id-Vorderteil mit

durchsichtigem Kamm, außen mit einem klei-

nen Kissen kurzer weißer Haare, an der Innen-

seite mit einem Saum längerer Haare; id-Hin-

terteil oben abgerundet, an der Vorderseite mit

einigen Borsten, an der Innenseite mit einer

nicht scharf abgegrenzten Gruppe nah zusam-

men liegender sensorischer Poren; der Haken

des id ist ziemlich hoch am id-Hinterteil ange-

setzt; od am Oberrand breit abgestutzt; Vor-

sprung des 9. Tergits mit schmaler Basis.

Weibchen. — Eidonomische Merkmale wie

beim Männchen, aber Hinterleib mit deutlichem

Rückenstreifen, und Tarsalklauen ungezahnt.

Länge von Thorax und Hinterleib: d 14 mm,

® 22 mm; Flügellänge: d 18 mm, 9 21 mm.

Verbreitung: Athiopien (Simen, Adi Agni,

Djem-Djem Forest).

Biologie: Von den drei bekannten Exempla-

ren wurde eines im Juli in unbekannter Höhe,

ein zweites im September in etwa 2800 m ge-

sammelt, vom dritten sind keine genaueren Da-

ten bekannt.

capnioneura Speiser, 1909 (Abb. 2)

Literatur: Alexander, 1956a; Mannheims,,

1958, 1961; Den Hollander, 1975a; Theowald, ,

19774.

Typus-Lokalität:

2950 m.

Lektotypus d: Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet,,

Stockholm (des. Theowald, 1982).

Kilimandjaro, Kiboscho, ,

THEOWALD: Die Untergattung Tipula 3%

Männchen. — Kopf oben und hinten grau;

Augen unter dem Kopf ziemlich breit getrennt,

Trennung etwa zweimal breiter als das erste

Fühlerglied; Rostrum braun mit deutlichem

Nasus; Palpen dunkelbraun, Endglied fast

schwarz; Fühler 13-gliedrig, zurückgeschlagen

fast bis zum Ende des Hinterleibs reichend, die

drei Basalglieder gelblichbraun, weitere Glieder

allmählich dunkler werdend, Fühlerende fast

schwarz, die längsten Wirtelhaare halb so lang

wie das zugehörige Glied. Mesonotum braun

mit vier dunkelgerandeten dunkelbraunen

Längsstreifen; Femora gelblichbraun mit dun-

klem Ende, Tibiae und Tarsenglieder gegen das

Ende allmählich dunkler werdend, am Ende

schwarz; Tarsalklauen ohne Mittelzahn; Flügel

hellbräunlich getrübt mit hellem Wisch in der

Diskalzelle, Costalzelle und Stigmenfleck dun-

kler braun, ein brauner Schattensaum cu und m-

cu entlang; Squama meist mit zwei kurzen Bor-

sten; Schwinger mit braunem Stiel und schwar-

em Knopf. Hinterleib braungrau mit dunklen

ücken- und Seitenstreifen, Sternite dunkel-

Abb. 2. Hypopyg von Tipula (T.) capnioneura (a—e wie Abb. 1).

grau. Hypopyg mit breitbasigem bedorntem

Vorsprung am 9. Tergit; id-Vorderteil ohne

durchsichtigen Kamm und ohne Haarkissen an

der Außenseite, an der Innenseite aber mit lan-

gen Haaren; id-Hinterteil ziemlich kurz, oben

zangenförmig, an der Außenseite mit Dorn, an

der Innenseite mit verstreut stehenden sensori-

schen Poren; od undeutlich birnförmig.

Das nach Speiser zugehörige Weibchen ist ın

Alkohol aufbewahrt und ganz entfärbt. Es ıst

kurzflügelig. Die Fühler reichen zurückgeschla-

gen fast bis zur Schwingerbasis (bei den gleich-

falls kurzflügeligen Weibchen von flagellicurta

sind sie kaum länger als Kopf und Rostrum),

und das erste Geißelglied ist länger als das

Fühlerbasalglied und fast zweimal so lang wie

das zweite Geißelglied (flagellicurta gleichlang

wie oder kürzer als das Basalglied und nur we-

nig länger als das zweite Geißelglied).

Lange von Thorax und Hinterleib: d 14—17

mm, © 19 mm; Flügellänge: d 18—22 mm, 2

1.5 mm.

Verbreitung: Tanzania (nur Kilimandjaro).

38 TijpscHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 3, 1984

Biologie: Die Art wurde erstmals von

Sjöstedt und später von Lindner gesammelt, und

zwar im Februar an der Südwestseite des Kili-

mandjaro auf alpinen Wiesen in 2950—3500 m

Seehôhe.

(chubbi Alexander, 1956b (Abb. 6g)) =

mashona X frater?

Literatur: Alexander, 1964.

Typus-Lokalitat: Lesotho, Basutoland, Mok-

hotlong.

Holotypus d: Im Museum and Art Gallery,

Durban.

Bemerkung: Vom Holotypus existieren zwei

Präparate auf Glas: eines mit Hypopyg (ohne

linken id) im Museum Durban und eines mit

linkem zd, einem Flügel, einem Fühler und den

Tarsen eines Beines im United States National

Museum, Washington (Sammlung Alexander).

Weitere Teile des Holotypus sind nicht vorhan-

den. Nach den mir vorliegenden Teilen und

nach der Beschreibung Alexanders gibt es nur

zwei Unterschiede gegenuber frater: der Kamm

des zd-Vorderteils ist am Ende deutlich stärker

abgerundet (Abb. 6g), und die Fuhler sind nor-

mal lang und nicht verkirzt. Der auffallend

kurze Kamm von frater (nur auf dem distalen

Ende des id-Vorderteils) ist nicht immer gleich

lang und z.B. bei unseren Exemplaren von Zim-

babwe (Abb. 6h) deutlich langer als bei denen

von Südafrika. Aufgrund dieses Unterschiedes

in der Größe des Kammes sollte man chubbi

nicht als eigene Art betrachten. Sie stellt

höchstens eine Varietat von frater dar. Es bleibt

aber der Unterscheid der Fühler, die deutlich

länger sind als bei frater. Die Fühler sind über-

dies 14-gliedrig, wie dies nur von soror mashona

(Südafrika) und paludosa (Europa) bekannt ist,

und nicht 13-gliedrig wie jene von frater und al-

len weiteren Arten dieser Untergattung. 7. fra-

ter und soror mashona wurden beide in der un-

mittelbaren Umgebung der Typus-Lokalität

von chubbi gesammelt. Es ist deshalb war-

scheinlich, daß chubbi keine gute Art ist, son-

dern ein Hybrid von soror mashona X frater. Es

gibt ja auch Hybriden zwischen den europäi-

schen Arten oleracea, paludosa und subcunctans

(Den Hollander, 1975b, 1975c und dort

erwähnte Literatur).

soror

consobrina nov. spec. (Abb. 3)

Tipula (Tipula) consobrina nov. spec.

Holotypus d: Port E. Africa, Gorongoza

Mt., 840 m, IX.1957, Stuckenberg leg; im Uni-

ted States National Museum, Washington

(Sammlung Alexander) als Präparat auf Glas un-

ter dem Namen 7ipula (Tipula) frater Al. (Hin-

terleibsende mit Hypopyg, Flügel, Vorder- und

Mittelbein).

Paratypen: 3 4, 1 9, S. Rhodesia, Salisbury,

Smithers, 10 1195617 NOS 7/2 NES

18.1V.1957; 19, S. Rhodesia, Penhalonga,

17.1.1955, Stuckenberg leg. (Präparat auf Glas:

mit Fühler, Flügel und Hinterbein als Tipula

(Tipula) frater Al). Paratypen im United States

National Museum, Washington (Sammlung

Alexander) und im Zoologischen Museum, Am-

sterdam.

Bemerkung: Alexander hat in den Sechziger-

jahren Präparate dieser neuen Art auf Glas an-

gefertigt und sie irrtümlicherweise als frater ge-

deutet. Er (Alexander, 1956a) führt sie an als

frater mit “dorsal crest long and narrow”, wäh-

rend er die tatsächliche frater als soror mit “dor-

sal crest short and high” anführt.

Männchen. — (Die genadelten Exemplare

waren feucht, und die Farben können sich des-

halb etwas geändert haben.) Kopf und Rostrum

gelblich, Rostrum an der Unterseite etwas dun-

kler; Augen unter dem Kopf schmal getrennt,

Trennung kaum breiter als das erste Fühler-

glied; Nasus deutlich; Palpen schwarz; Fühler

13-gliedrig, kurz, kaum länger als Kopf und

Rostrum, gelb und nur gegen das Ende zu etwas

verdunkelt, Wirtelhaare etwa so lang wie die

zugehörigen Glieder. Thorax gelblich; Mesono-

tum mit vier grauen dunkelgerandeten Längs-

streifen; Coxae gelb, Femora etwas dunkler und

mit schwarzer Spitze, Tibiae und Tarsenglieder

schwarz, Tarsalklauen mit deutlichem Mittel-

zahn; Flügel etwas getrübt, die hellen Längs-

streifen sind weniger deutlich als bei frater und

kaum deutlicher als bei soror, Zelle R, ist deut-

lich hell gefärbt, Vorderrand und Stigmenfleck

sınd kaum dunkler als die übrige Flügelfläche;

Squama mit einigen kurzen Haaren; Schwinger

mit hellem Stiel und dunklem Knopf. Hinterleib ı

gelblich braun, Rücken- und Seitenstreifen nur”

angedeutet; Hypopyg gelblichbraun wie der

Hinterleib; 9. Sternit auffallend gekielt; Hinter-

randfortsatz des 9. Tergits schmalbasig; id-Vor-

derteil mit Kamm, an der Außenseite mit Haar-

kissen, an der Innenseite lang behaart; id-Hin- |

terteil sehr charakteristisch, breit kappenformig }

mit bedorntem Vorsprung, an der Außenseite

mit stark entwickeltem Auswuchs, an der In"

nenseite mit einer nicht scharf abgegrenzten |

Gruppe sensorischer Poren; der Haken ist nur?

am Ende schmal und geht schnell in eine sehr?

breite Basis über; od breit birnförmig.

THEOWALD: Die Untergattung Tipula 39

Abb. 3. Hypopyg von Tipula (T.) consobrina (a—e wie Abb. 1; f, linker zd (ohne Vorderteil, von oben).

Weibchen. — In allen eidonomischen Merk-

malen dem Männchen ähnlich, hat aber keinen

| Mittelzahn an den Tarsalklauen.

Lange von Thorax und Hinterleib: d 14-15

mm, 2 20 mm; Flügellänge: d 16—17 mm, 9

19 mm.

Verbreitung: Zimbabwe (Salisbury, Penha-

longa), Mozambique (Gorongoza Mts.).

Biologie: Die bekannten Exemplare wurden

im September, Januar, Februar und April ge-

sammelt. Den Fundorten nach ist consobrina

keine Hochgebirgsart.

Name: consobrina (= Kusine) in einem Fau-

nengebiet, wo es schon eine Species frater (=

Bruder) und eine Species soror (= Schwester)

gibt.

(curtipennis Mannheims, 1961) =

Speiser, 1909 (syn. nov.)

Literatur: Theowald, 1977a.

Typus-Lokalitàt: Kilimandjaro, Kibo (Tan-

ganjika).

Holotypus d: Im Staatlichen Museum für

Naturkunde, Stuttgart.

Bemerkung: Der Holotypus ist nach allen

Merkmalen ein kurzflügeliges d von eumecace-

ra Speiser. Die drei Paratypen (in den Museen

Amsterdam, Bonn und Stuttgart) dagegen sind

kurzflügelige d von flagellicurta Mannheims.

eumecacera

(czizeki de Jong, 1925) = subcunctans Alexan-

der, 1921b

Literatur: Seit Tjeder, 1953, wurde für diesen

Kulturschädling in der europäschen Literatur

der Name czizeki benutzt. Nach I.C.Z.N. Opi-

nıon 1160 (1980) muß aber für diese Art der

Name subcunctans benutzt werden.

Typus-Lokalität: De Jong (1925) hat keinen

Holotypus designiert. Das von ihm für die Be-

schreibung verwendete Material stammte aus

den Niederlanden.

(dichroa Bezzi, 1905 (Acutipula)) (comb. nov.)

Literatur: Riedel, 1914; Hutson, 1980.

Typus-Lokalität: Nordäthiopien (Adi Caie,

Asmara-Keren).

Holotypus d: (zwei Flügel, zwei Schwinger,

ein Bein, Thoraxrücken und Basis des Hinterlei-

bes) im Museo Zoologico de “La Specola”, Flo-

renz.

Bemerkung: Frau Dr. Sarah Mascherini war

so freundlich, die Reste des Typus-Exemplares

zu überprüfen und schickte mir Fotos der

Flügel. Nach der Beschreibung und nach dem

Flügelgeäder gehört diese Art in die Untergat-

tung Acutipula und nicht in Tipula, unter wel-

cher Hutson (1980) sie im afrotropischen Kata-

log aufführt. Riedel (1914) meldet dichroa von

Britisch-Ost-Afrika (Kijabe, im Süden von

40 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 3, 1984

Abb. 4. Hypopyg von Tipula (T.) eumecacera (a—e wie Abb. 1).

Aberdare-Range, heute Kenya). Seine Exempla-

re (1 d, 1 2, Museum Paris) stimmen in allen

Merkmalen mit der Beschreibung von dichroa,

aber auch mit der Beschreibung von ellioti

Alexander von Uganda uberein. Vielleicht sind

beide Arten identisch. Aufschluß darüber sollte

das Auffinden topotypischer Exemplare von di-

chroa geben.

eumecacera Speiser, 1909 (Abb. 4)

Literatur: Alexander, 1956a; Mannheims,

1958, 1961 (unter eumecacera und curtipennis);

Den Hollander, 1975a; Theowald, 1977a.

Typus-Lokalitat: Kilimandjaro, Kiboscho,

2950 m.

Lektotypus d: Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet,

Stockholm (Lektotypus des. Mannheims, 1957).

Männchen. — Kopf oben grau, hinten gelb-

lichbraun; Augen unter dem Kopf breit ge-

trennt, Trennung drei- bis viermal breiter als

das erste Fühlerglied; Rostrum gelblichbraun

mit deutlichem Nasus; Palpen gelblichbraun

mit fast schwarzem Endglied; Fühler 13-glied-

rig, auffallend lang, zurückgeschlagen fast bis

zum Ende des Hinterleibs reichend, ganz gelb-

lichbraun, Wirtelhaare zwei- bis driemal so lang

wie die Breite des zugehörigen Gliedes. Thorax

gelblichbraun; Mesonotum mit vier hellbraunen

dunkelgerandeten Längsstreifen; Beine gelb-

lichbraun, nur am Ende schwärzlich verdun-

kelt; Tarsalklauen ohne Mittelzahn; Flügel fast

glashell mit bräunlicher Costalzelle und brau-

nem Schattensaum entlang cu, Stigmenfleck

gleich dunkel wie die Costalzelle; Squama mit

meist zwei kurzen Borsten; Schwingerstiel an

der Basis gelblich, gegen Ende schwärzlich,

Knopf schwarz. Das erste Segment des Hinter-

leibs hat dieselbe gelblichbraune Farbe wie der

Thorax, weitere Segmente dunkelbraun mit

schwarzen Rücken- und Seitenstreifen und dor-

sal grau bereift, Sternite heller gefärbt; Hypo-

pyg kaum verschieden von dem von capnioneu-

ra, Vorsprung des 9. Tergits breitbasig; :d-Vor-

derteil ohne Kamm, und an der Außenseite

ohne Haarkissen, an der Innenseite mit langen

Haaren; id-Hinterteil ziemlich klein, oben zan-

genförmig, an der Außenseite mit Dorn, an der

Innenseite mit verstreut stehenden sensorischen

Poren; od schlank birnförmig.

Das Weibchen ist unbekannt, sicher aber

kurzflügelig.

TreowaLp: Die Untergattung Tipula 41

Länge von Thorax und Hinterleib 10—12

mm; Flügellänge 13—15 mm.

Verbreitung: Tanzania; nur Kilimandjaro,

woher sie von mehreren Fundorten an der Süd-

seite bekannt geworden ist.

Biologie: Die Art wurde im Februar und An-

fang Marz auf alpinen Wiesen in 2850—3500 m

Seehöhe gesammelt. Ein in 3500 m Höhe ge-

sammeltes d ist kurzflügelig und hat einen un-

terentwickelten Thorax. Die Fühler sind ein we-

nig kürzer als bei normalflügeligen d und ab

zweitem Geißelglied bräunlich verdunkelt. Alle

weiteren eidonomischen und hypopygialen

Merkmale sind aber wie bei normalflügeligen d.

Mannheims (1961) hat dieses kurzflügelige d

als curtipennis beschrieben (mit kurzflügeligen

| d von flagellicurta als Paratypen).

| errans nov. subsp. (siehe unter italica Lacksche-

Witz).

(fimbriata Meigen, 1818) = paludosa Meigen,

1830

Literatur: Der Name fimbriata wurde für

diese Art kaum benutzt und durch I.C.Z.N.

Opinion 1160 (1980) unterdrückt zugunsten

von paludosa.

Typus-Lokalität: Unbekannt.

Holotypus: Vielleicht ist das Exemplar, das

Meigen als Tipula plumbea von Herrn Megerle

(Kustos des k.k. Hofmuseums) geschickt bekam

und als fimbriata beschrieb, noch im Museum

Wien.

flagellicurta Mannheims, 1958 (Abb. 5) _

Literatur: Riedel, 1914 (unter strigata p.p.);

Mannheims, 1961 (unter curtipennis p.p.); Den

Hollander, 1975a.

Typus-Lokalität: Kilimandjaro.

Holotypus d: Im Staatlichen Museum für

Naturkunde, Stuttgart.

Männchen. — Kopf oben ziemlich grau, hin-

ten braun; Augen unter dem Kopf ziemlich

breit getrennt, Trennung zweimal breiter als das

erste Fühlerglied; Rostrum braun mit deutli-

chem Nasus; Palpen braun mit fast schwarzem

Endglied; Fühler 13-gliedrig, zurückgeschlagen

bis zum zweiten Hinterleibssegment reichend,

Basalglied gelblichbraun, zweites Glied meist

etwas heller gefärbt, erstes Geißelglied meist

braun, weitere Geißelglieder zunehmend dun-

kler bis schwarz, Wirtelhaare meist etwa halb so

lang wie die zugehörigen Glieder. Thorax

braungrau mit vier dunklen Längsstreifen auf

dem Mesonotum, die mittleren sind meist gegen

Abb. 5. Hypopyg von Tipula (T.) flagellicurta (a—e wie Abb. 1).

42 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 3, 1984

die Mitte dunkelgerandet und haben zwischen

ihnen eine helle Medianlinie; Beine braun, Fe-

mur- und Tibiaende verdunkelt, Tarsenglieder

fast schwarz, Tarsalklauen ohne Mittelzahn;

Flügel ein wenig verdunkelt, die Membran zwi-

schen den Adern ein wenig aufgchellt, Stigmen-

fleck braun, Costalzelle etwas heller braun;

Squama mit meist zwei kurzen Borsten;

Schwingerstiel braun, Knopf schwarz. Hinter-

leib dunkelbraun mit schmalen schwarzen Rüc-

ken- und Seitenstreifen, Sternite braungrau.

Hypopyg mit breitbasigem Vorsprung des 9.

Tergits; id-Vorderteil ohne Kamm, an der

Außenseite — im Gegensatz zu capnioneura

und eumecacera — mit einem auffallenden Kis-

sen kurzer weißer Haare, an der Innenseite mit

langen Haaren; :d-Hinterteil ziemlich klein,

oben zangenförmig, an der Innenseite mit ver-

streut stehenden sensorischen Poren; od etwa

birnförmig.

Das wohl zu dieser Art gehörende Weibchen

ist kurzflügelig, ziemlich einheitlich braun, mit

ein wenig verkürzten und ziemlich stark be-

haarten Beinen und mit kurzen Fühlern, die

kaum länger sind als Kopf und Rostrum zusam-

men, und deren drei Basalglieder braun und

weitere Glieder schwarz sind.

Länge von Thorax und Hinterleib: 6 15—17

mm, ® 17 mm; Flügellänge: 4 19—23 mm; 9

1.5 mm.

Verbreitung: Tanzanıa, nur Kilimandjaro.

Biologie: Diese Art wurde im März und April

auf Wiesen an der Südseite des Kilimandjaro in

2800—3500 m Höhe gesammelt. In 3500 m

Höhe sind die Männchen kurzflügelig. Sie sind

dort etwas dunkler und schön grau bereift, ha-

ben den Thorax unterentwickelt, wie die kurz-

flügeligen d von eumecacera. Nach allen weite-

ren Merkmalen sind sie aber mit den normal-

geflügelten d identisch. Sie wurden, mit einem

kurzflügeligen d von eumecacera zusammen,

von Mannheims (1961) als curtipennis beschrie-

ben.

Bemerkung: Eines der zwei d, die Riedel

(1914) als strigata Loew (Deutsch-Ost-Afrika:

Kilimandjaro, Wiesen der alpinen Zone, 2800—

3000 m, Ch. Alluaud, 1909) anführte, erwies

sich nach Überprüfung als flagellicurta.

(flavolutescens Pierre, 1921)

gen, 1830

Literatur:

1977,

= paludosa Mei-

1952; Theowald,

Mannheims,

Typus-Lokalität: Kanarische Inseln, Grande

Canarie (Tafira).

Holotypus dé : Im Museum Paris (vid. Mann-

heims).

Bemerkung: Nach Theowald, 1972, ist die

Synonymie gesichert.

frater Alexander, 1921a (Abb. 6)

Literatur: Alexander, 1956a,

1964; Den Hollander, 1975a.

Typus-Lokalität: Pretoria, Transvaal.

Holotypus d: Im South African Museum,

Kapstadt.

Bemerkung: Aufgrund von Alexander be-

stimmten Materials konnte ich feststellen, daß

Alexander in seinen Veröffentlichungen soror,

frater und consobrina verwechselt hat. Alexan-

der (1956a) verzeichnet im Schlüssel id-Merk-

male von frater unter soror und von consobrina

unter frater. Die von ihm angeführten Fundorte

unter frater in den Veröffentlichungen seit 1956

beziehen sich zum Teil auf frater, zum Teil auf

consobrina.

Mannchen. — Kopf oben verdunkelt, hinten

bräunlich; Augen unter dem Kopf schmal ge-

trennt, Trennung weniger breit als das erste

Fuhlerglied; Rostrum bräunlich, oben etwas

verdunkelt, Nasus deutlich; Palpen fast

schwarz; Fühler 13-gliedrig, kurz, etwa so lang

wie Kopf und Rostrum zusammen, hellbraun,

die längsten Wirtelhaare kaum zo lang wie die

zugehörigen Glieder. Thorax bräunlich, Meso-

notum mit vier dunkelgerandeten Längststrei-

fen; Thoraxseiten und Coxae hellbraun, Femur-

basis etwas dunkler, Femurende sowie Tibiae

und Tarsenglieder dunkelbraun bis schwarz;

Tarsalklauen mit Mittelzahn; Flügel bräunlich

mit zwei auffallend hellen Längsstreifen: die

Zellen zwischen r und m (einschließlich Diskoi-

dalzelle) sind ganz, und die Zelle hinter cu

größtenteils hell; Squama-Haare kaum oder

nicht vorhanden; Schwinger mit graubraunem

Stiel und dunkelbraunem Knopf. Hinterleib

bräunlich mit dunkelbraunen Rücken- und

Seitenstreifen; an der Basis des zweiten Sternits

ein runder dunkelbrauner Fleck; id-Vorderende

mit halblangem Kamm, an der Außenseite ohne

deutliches Haarkissen, wohl aber an einigen

Stellen behaart, an der Innenseite mit deutlichen

Haaren; id-Hinterende oben kappenförmig mit

bedorntem Vorsprung, an der Innenseite mit

ziemlich deutlich begrenzter Gruppe sensori-

scher Poren; od oben breit abgestutzt; Vor-

19575) 19689;

THEOWALD: Die Untergattung Tipula 43

Abb. 6. Hypopyg von Tipula (T.) frater (a—e wie Abb. 1; g, Kamm des id-Vorderteils von chubbi; h, Kamm

des id-Vorderteils der Exemplaren von Zimbabwe).

sprung des 9. Tergits schmalbasig.

Das Weibchen gleicht in allen eidonomischen

Merkmalen dem Männchen; die Tarsalklauen

sind jedoch ohne Mittelzahn.

Länge von Thorax und Hinterleib: d 13—17

mm, 2 18—23 mm; Flügellänge: d 16—20 mm,

2 18—23 mm.

Verbreitung: Südafrika (Natal, nach dem

Norden bis Pretoria in Transvaal und nach dem

Siiden bis in den Nordosten der Kap-Provinz),

Lesotho, Zimbabwe (nur Inyanga). Letztge-

nannter Fundort liegt isoliert von den anderen.

Ich fand aber keine deutlichen Unterschiede

zwischen den beiden Populationen, es sei denn,

daf die Exemplare von Inyanga einen etwas län-

geren Kamm haben.

Biologie: Diese Art wurde im September/

Oktober und von Januar bis Marz (zwei Gene-

rationen?) in 1600—2100 m Seehöhe gesam-

melt.

(fusca Staeger, 1840 (nec Bloch, 1776)) = sub-

cunctans Alexander, 1921b

Literatur: Mannheims, 1952; Tjeder, 1953.

Typus-Lokalität: Charlottenlund

mark).

Holotypus d: Im Museum Kopenhagen (vid.

Mannheims).

(Däne-

hollanderi Theowald, 1977a (Abb. 7)

Typus-Lokalität: Nordabfall Mt. Batu, Baale

Berge, Athiopien.

Holotypus d: Im Zoologischen Museum

Amsterdam.

Mannchen. — Kopf oben und hinten grau;

Augen unter dem Kopf ziemlich breit getrennt,

Trennung etwa zweimal so breit wie das erste

Fühlerglied; Rostrum oben grau, unten braun,

Nasus deutlich; Palpen dunkelbraun, Endglied

schwarz; Fuhler 13-gliedrig, lang, zurück-

geschlagen bis zum Anfang des 2. Hinterleibs-

segmentes reichend, die drei basalen Glieder

gelblichbraun, weitere Glieder dunkelbraun bis

schwarz, Wirtelhaare sehr kurz und kaum län-

ger als die Breite des zugehörigen Gliedes. Tho-

rax unterentwickelt, größerenteils hellgrau, die

dunkelbraunen Rückenstriemen mehr oder we-

niger miteinander verwachsen zu einem undeut-

44 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 3, 1984

Abb. 7. Hypopyg von Tipula (T.) hollanderi (a—e wie Abb. 1).

lichen dunkelbraunen Fleck; Flügel sehr kurz

(1.5 mm); Beine von normaler Länge, Vorder-

coxae bräunlich, weitere grau, Femora basal

gelblich, nach distal zunehmend dunkler wer-

dend, Tibiae und Tarsenglieder dunkelbraun bis

schwarz; Tarsalklauen ohne Mittelzahn;

Schwinger mit dunkelbraunem Stiel und

schwarzem Knopf. Hinterleib an der Basıs hell-

braun, hintere Hälfte silbergrau bereift und mit

deutlichen Rücken- und Seitenstreifen; Hypo-

pyg mit Vorsprung des 9. Tergits ziemlich

schmalbasig; od birnförmig; id-Vorderende

ähnlich wie bei frater, mit einem verkürzten

Kamm in der Vorderhälfte, an der Außenseite

ein Kissen kurzer weißer Haare, an der Innen-

seite mit langen Haaren; id-Hinterende kap-

penförmig mit bedorntem Vorsprung, an der

Außenseite mit einem deutlichen Dorn, an der

Innenseite mit einigen verstreut stehenden sen-

sorischen Poren.

Das zugehörige Weibchen gleicht in fast allen

eidonomischen Merkmalen dem Männchen, die

Fühler sind aber kürzer und reichen zurück-

geschlagen kaum bis zur Flügelbasis, die Beine

sind deutlich verkürzt und die Augen sind unter

dem Kopf breit getrennt, Trennung etwa vier-

mal so breit wie das erste Fühlerglied.

Länge von Thorax und Hinterleib: d 10 mm,

? 12 mm; Flügellänge: d und 2 1.5 mm.

Verbreitung: Athiopien, nur Baale Berge.

Biologie: Die Art wurde Anfang Aprıl in

3600—3800 m Seehöhe gesammelt.

Bemerkung: Die kurzflügeligen Männchen

mit unterentwickeltem Thorax, aber mit nor-

mallangen statt verkürzten Beinen, sehen aus

wie die kurzflügeligen Männchen, die von eu-

mecacera und flagellicurta bekannt wurden.

Diese beide Arten sind in niedriger gelegenen

Fundorten normalflügelig. Es ist nicht aus-

zuschließen, ja sogar wahrscheinlich, daß auch

bei hollander: in niedriger gelegenen Lokali-

täten normalflügelige Männchen vorkommen.

(hungarica Lackschewitz, 1930) = oleracea X

orientalis?

Literatur: Mannheims, 1952; Simova, 1977

(Fig. 68 d, e, f, unter orientalıs).

_ Typus-Lokalitat: Weiden,

Osterreich.

Lektotypus d:

Mannheims, 1950).

Bemerkung: 7. hungarica wurde von Lack-

Burgenland,

Im Museum Wien (des.

THEOWALD: Die Untergattung Tipula 45

schewitz (1930) und Mannheims (1952) deutlich

beschrieben und abgebildet. Sie ist den beiden

einander nächstverwandten Arten oleracea

(westmediterran) und orientalis (ostmediterran)

sehr änhlich und bis heute nur von einzelnen

Exemplaren bekannt geworden. Diese wurden

im Norden der Balkanhalbinsel (Österreich,

Ungarn und Jugoslawien), im Gebiet, wo beide

Vergleichsarten zusammen vorkommen, gesam-

melt. Es ist wahrscheinlich, daß die hungarica-

Exemplare Hybriden von oleracea X orientalis

sind. Es gibt ja auch Hybriden zwischen den

mitteleuropäischen Arten oleracea, paludosa

und subcunctans (Den Hollander, 1975b, 1975c

und die dort erwähnte Literatur).

italica Lackschewitz, 1930

Literatur: Mannheims, 1952; Simova, 1977

(Fig. 68b unter orientalis); Vály, 1982 (unter

mediterranea).

Typus-Lokalitat: 7. italica wurde beschrie-

ben nach Exemplaren von Illyria, Ronchi bei

Görz und von Italien, Forli, Pineta di Ravenna.

Typen: Im Museum Wien. Bis heute ist kein

Lektotypus designiert worden.

Bemerkung: Nach Lackschewitz (1930) ist

der Haken des id am Ende kolbenförmig an-

geschwollen und hat der zd-Hinterteil am hinte-

ren Rande einen kräftigen braunen Zahn. Nach

Mannheims (1950, 1952) ist der Haken nicht

immer kolbenförmig angeschwollen. Nach dem

Material unserer Sammlung kommt die typische

italica mit keulenförmig verdicktem Ende des

Hakens und mit kräftigem Zahn auf dem :d-

Hinterteil nur auf dem italienischen Festland

vor. Bei Exemplaren von der Balkanhalbinsel ist

der Haken schlank, ohne keulenförmige Ver-

dickung und mit am Ende einer ganz feinen

Spitze, und der Zahn des id-Hinterteils ist meist

weniger deutlich. Auf Sardinien sieht die Art

aus wie auf der Balkanhalbinsel. Auf Korsika

variiert sie: der Zahn ist meist wohl deutlich,

aber der Haken ist manchmal schlank, manch-

mal ein wenig verdickt, aber niemals zo stark

verdickt wie bei Material vom Festland (ich sah

aber nur vier d). Vielleicht gibt es auf Korsika

eine Mischpopulation. Der id der Balkanform

wurde von Simova (1977) als der einer Varietat

von orientalis (Fig. 68b) und von Vály (1982)

unter mediterranea abgebildet. Die typische

Form hat Lackschewitz (1930) eindeutig be-

schrieben. Im Gegensatz zu allen weiteren Ar-

ten dieser Untergattung haben die beiden For-

men von italica die kegelförmigen Auswüchse

auf den sensorischen Poren (sensilla basiconica)

dunkelgefärbt statt glashell.

Die beiden Formen sind geographisch iso-

liert, obwohl im Norden von Jugoslawien (und

auf Korsika?) eine Hybridisationszone zu er-

warten wäre. Sie sind deshalb als Unterarten

aufzufassen. Die typische Unterart mit kol-

benförmigem angeschwollenem Haken und

kräftigem Zahn am id-Hinterteil wurde von

Lackschewitz (1930) aus Italien beschrieben.

Die Unterart von der Balkanhalbinsel und von

Sardinien nenne ich italica errans nov. subspec.,

weil sie schon mehrmals zu Irrtümern Anlaß

gegeben hat. Sie hat einen schlanken Haken und

einen weniger kräftigen Zahn am zd-Hinterteil.

Holotypus d: Ellas, Lésvos, 10 km Z.O. v.

Kalloni, bedding v.d. Krionéri, 10.X1.1973, A.

C. & W. N. Ellis leg.

Paratypen: 38 d und 25 ® vom selben Fun-

dort; 14 dg, 2 ® Sardegna, Tempio Pausania

30.1X-6.X.1957, C. A. W. Jeekel leg.

Typen im Zoologischen Museum, Amster-

dam.

(ones: Alexander, 1920 (Leptotarsus)

Literatur: Hutson, 1980.

Bemerkung: Alexander, 1920a, verzeichnet

bei der Beschreibung von Tipula mosambicensis

nov. spec. Unterschiedsmerkmale gegenüber ei-

ner noch unbeschriebenen Tipula jonesi von

Natal. Die Unterschiede sind deutlich, weshalb

es eine Tipula jones: Alexander, 1920, gibt mit

Typus-Lokalitat Natal. Diese Art wurde weiter

in der Literatur nicht mehr erwahnt. Im Dipte-

renkatalog des afrotropischen Gebietes führt

Hutson (1980) sie in der Untergattung Tipula.

Im Jahre 1921 beschrieb Alexander Habromas-

tix jonesi nov. spec. von Südafrika, M’fongosı,

Zululand. Dieser Fundort liegt in Natal. Wenn

wir die Beschreibung von 1921 vergleichen mit

den Bemerkungen von 1920 wird klar, daf die

erst als Tipula jonesi verzeichnete Art im Jahre

1921 als Habromastix jonesi (jetzt Leptotarsus

(Longurio) jonesi) beschrieben worden ist, lei-

der ohne Hinweis auf die Veröffentlichung von

1920. Im afrotropischen Katalog erscheint sie

jetzt unter Leptotarsus und unter Tipula auf. Sie

ist unter Tipula zu streichen.

kleinschmidti Mannheims, 1950

Literatur: Mannheims, 1952.

Typus-Lokalität: Cercedilla, Spanien.

Holotypus d : Im Instituto Espanol de Ento-

mologia, Madrid.

46 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 3, 1984

Abb. 8. Hypopyg von Tipula (T.) lobeliae (a—e wie Abb. 1).

Bemerkung: Mannheims (1950) gibt eine

deutliche Beschreibung und eine Abbildung des

id. Die Abbildung des Adminiculum ist unge-

nügend, weil die Gonapophysen nicht gezeich-

net sind. Diese Art ist nur von der iberischen

Halbinsel bekannt.

lobeliae Alexander, 1956a (Abb. 8)

Literatur: Den Hollander, 1975a; Theowald,

1977a.

Typus-Lokalitat: Mount Elgon, Kenya.

Holotypus d: Im British Museum (Natural

History).

Männchen. — Kopf oben grau, hinten braun;

Augen unter dem Kopf ziemlich breit getrennt,

Trennung etwa dreimal so breit wie das erste

Fuhlerglied; Rostrum braun mit deutlichem

Nasus; Palpen braun, Endglied fast schwarz;

Fühler 13-gliedrig, zurückgeschlagen kaum bis

zur Flügelbasis reichend, basal gelb, gegen Ende

zunehmend dunkler werdend, die Basis der

Glieder etwas verdickt; die längsten Wirtelhaare

etwa so lang wie das zugehörige Glied. Thorax

hellbraun, Pleuren und Scutum silbergrau be-

reift, Mesonotum mit vier dunkelbraunen, zu-

mal an der hellbraunen Mittellinie entlang, dun-

kelgerandeten Längsstreifen; Beine dunkel-

braun und am Ende fast schwarz; Tarsalklauen

ohne Mittelzahn; Flügel fast glashell, nur die

Costalzelle ein wenig verdunkelt und entlang cu

und m-cu ein breiter Schattensaum; Squama mit

meist zwei winzigen Borsten; Schwinger mit

hellbraunem Stiel und schwarzem Knopf. Hin-

terleib ein wenig dunkler als der Thorax, mit

deutlichen schwarzen Rücken- und weniger

deutlichen Seitenstreifen; Hypopyg mit Vor-

sprung des 9. Tergits ziemlich schmalbasig, od

birnförmig, zd-Vorderteil mit Kamm, an der

Außenseite mit einem Kissen feiner kurzer

Haare, an der Innenseite mit langen Haaren, zd-

Hinterteil spitz kappenförmig, an der Vorder-

seite deutlich beborstet (die Borsten stehen

nicht auf einem Vorsprung, wohl aber auf einem

kleinen Hügel), an der Außenseite ohne Dorn,

an der Innenseite mit verstreut stehenden senso-

rischen Poren.

Das zugehörige Weibchen ist in allen eidono-

mischen Merkmalen dem Männchen ähnlich,

hat aber kürzere Beine und ist kurzflügelig.

Länge von Thorax und Hinterleib: d 11—14

mm, ¢ 16 mm; Flügellänge: d 14—18 mm, 2

1,5 mm.

Verbreitung: Kenya, Uganda (nur Mount El-

gon).

Biologie: Diese Art wurde Ende Dezember

und im Februar auf alpinen Wiesen in 3000—

4400 m Seehöhe gesammelt. Die in Höhen von

über 3500 m gesammelten ¢ sind kurzflügelig :

wie die Weibchen. Wie bei den kurzflügeligen

Männchen von eumecacera und flagellicurta ist‘

der Thorax unterentwickelt, nach Alexander”

(1956a) sind — im Gegensatz zu den Ver-.

gleichsarten — die Beine verkürzt. Als Holoty-

pus hat Alexander ein kurzflügeliges Männchen, ,

THEOWALD: Die Untergattung Tipula 47

gesammelt in 13.500 ft (4400 m) Seehöhe, desig-

niert.

loeffleri nov. spec. (Abb. 9)

Tipula (Tipula) loeffleri nov. spec.

Holotypus & und drei Paratypen d: Athio-

pien, Baale Berge, Nordabfall Mt. Batu, 3600—

3800 m, 2.1V.1976, Loffler leg.; im Zoologi-

schen Museum Amsterdam.

Mannchen. — Kopf oben und hinten grau;

Augen unter dem Kopf ziemlich breit getrennt,

Trennung etwa zweimal so breit wie das ziem-

lich dicke Fuhlerbasalglied; Rostrum braun mit

deutlichem Nasus; Palpen dunkelbraun; Fühler

13-gliedrig, zurückgeschlagen fast bis zur

Flügelbasis reichend, Basalglieder gelblich bis

braun, Geißelglieder dunkelbraun bis schwarz,

Wirtelhaare kurz, dıe längsten kaum halb so

lang wie das zugehörige Glied. Thorax hellgrau

bereift; die Längsstreifen des Mesonotum kaum

sichtbar, nur undeutliche Reste des Innenrandes

der Mittelstreifen; Coxae hellgrau bereift, Beine

braun, Femur- und Tibia-Ende ein wenig dun-

kler; Tarsalklauen ohne Mittelzahn; Flügel fast

glashell, nur die Costalzelle bräunlich und cu

und m-cu mit Schattensaum; Squamabehaarung

undeutlich, meist nur zwei winzige Borsten;

Stiel und Knopf der Schwinger hellbraun. Hin-

terleib braun mit Bereifung, Rücken/Seiten-

striemen kaum sichtbar, Hinter- und Seitenrän-

der der Tergite ein wenig aufgehellt; Vorsprung

Abb. 9. Hypopyg von Tipula (T.) loeffleri (a —e wie Abb. 1).

des 9. Tergits schmalbasig; od-Oberrand abge-

stutzt; zd-Vorderteil mit deutlichem Kamm, an

der Außenseite mit einem Kissen kurzer weißer

Haare, an der Innenseite lang behaart; id-Hin-

terteil kappenförmig mit bedorntem Vorsprung,

an der Außenseite ohne Dorn, an der Innenseite

mit einer scharf begrenzten Gruppe sensori-

schen Poren.

Das Weibchen ist unbekannt.

Länge von Thorax und Hinterleib: d 10—11

mm, Flügellänge: d 13—16 mm.

Verbreitung: Nur Äthiopien (Baale Berge).

Biologie: Diese Art wurde zusammen mit den

kurzflügeligen Männchen und Weibchen von

hollanderi gesammelt, und zwar auf alpinen

Wiesen ın 3600—3800 m Seehöhe.

Name: Diese Art wurde dem Sammler, Herrn

Univ.-Prof. Dr. H. Löffler, gewidmet.

lourensi Den Hollander, 1975a (Abb. 10)

Literatur: Riedel, 1914 (unter strigata p.p.);

Theowald, 1977a.

Typus-Lokalitat: Tanzania,

Umgebung Bismarckhütte.

Holotypus d: Im Zoologischen Museum

Amsterdam.

Männchen. — Kopf oben und hinten grau;

Augen unter dem Kopf ziemlich breit getrennt,

Trennung zweimal so breit wie das erste Füh-

lerglied; Rostrum orangebraun mit deutlichem

Nasus; Palpen dunkelbraun; Fühler 13-gliedrig,

Kilimandjaro,

48 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 3, 1984

Abb. 10. Hypopyg von Tipula (T.) lourensi (a—e wie Abb. 1).

zurückgeschlagen etwa bis zur Flügelbasis rei-

chend, Basalglieder und Basalhälfte des ersten

Geißelgliedes gelblich, weitere Geißelglieder

schwarzbraun, die längsten Wirtelhaare fast so

lang wie das zugehörige Glied. Thorax orange-

gelb; Mesonotum mit vier graubraunen dunkel-

gerandeten Längsstreifen; Coxae orangegelb,

Beine gelblichbraun mit Femur- und Tibiaende

und Tarsengliedern verdunkelt; Tarsalklauen

ohne Mittelzahn; Flügel gelblich, Costalzelle

nur wenig dunkler, Stigmenfleck dunkelbraun,

cu und m-cu mit Schattensaum; Squama mit

drei bis vier kurzen Borsten; Schwingerstiel

gelblich, Knopf verdunkelt. Erstes Hinterleibs-

segment orangegelb wie der Thorax, weitere

Segmente grauschwarz mit hellgrauem Schim-

mer und samtschwarzen Seitenstriemen; Vor-

sprung des 9. Tergits breitbasig; od schmal

birnförmig; id-Vorderteil ohne Kamm, an der

Außenseite ohne Haarkissen, an der Innenseite

lang behaart; :d-Hinterteil oben zangenförmig,

an der Außenseite mit Dorn, an der Innenseite

mit einigen verstreut stehenden sensorischen

Poren. Das Weibchen ist unbekannt.

Länge von Thorax und Hinterleib: d 13—16

mm, Flügellänge: & 19—22 mm.

Verbreitung: Tanzanıa, Kilimandjaro, nur

Umgebung Bismarckhütte.

Biologie: Alluaud sammelte diese Species am

3.1V.1912 auf alpinen Wiesen in der Umgebung

der Bismarckhütte in 2740 m Seehöhe. Auch

Lourens sammelte sie dort (8-9.III.1971 in

2800—3100 m). Sie fliegt dort zusammen mit

den in vielen Merkmalen ähnlichen, aber doch

deutlich verschiedenen Arten eumecacera und

flagellicurta.

(mashona Alexander, 1920d) = soror subsp.

mashona Alexander (stat. nov.)

Literatur: Alexander, 1964.

Typus-Lokalität: Salisbury,

(Zimbabwe).

Holotypus d: Im Briush Museum (Natural

History).

Bemerkung: Vom Typus-Exemplar sind nur

noch erhalten: Thorax, Abdomen mit Hypo-

pyg, ein Flügel, Femur, Tibia und erstes Tar-

senglied eines Beines. Aufgrund dieser Reste ist

mashona entweder identisch mit soror (Kap-

stadt und Umgebung: 13 Fühlerglieder) oder

mit bevisiana (Gebiet der Drakensberge: 14

Mashonaland

THEOWALD: Die Untergattung Tipula 49

Fühlerglieder). Aus der Sammlung Alexander

sah ich aber noch zwei weitere Exemplare von

der Typus-Lokalitat (1 d und 1 ©). Beide haben

14 Fühlerglieder wie bevisiana. Deshalb stelle

ich bevisiana Alexander, 1956, als jüngeres Sy-

nonym zu mashona Alexander, 1920. T. masho-

na und soror gleichen einander weitgehendst,

der einzige deutliche und konstante Unter-

schied besteht in der Anzahl der Fühlerglieder.

Deshalb führe ich mashona als Unterart von so-

ror.

Verbreitung: Das Gebiet der Drakensberge

(Osten der Cape Province, Natal, Transvaal,

Lesotho) und Zimbabwe (nur Salisbury).

Biologie: Diese Species wurden von Januar

bis April und von September bis November in

1000—2600 m Seehöhe gesammelt.

mediterranea Lackschewitz, 1930

Literatur: Mannheims, 1952; Väly, 1982 (=

italica).

Typus-Lokalität: Die Art wurde beschrieben

nach Exemplaren von Osterreich, Sizilien und

Tenerife (Kanarische Inseln).

Typen: Im Museum Wien. Bis heute ist kein

Lektotypus designiert worden.

Bemerkung: Diese Art wurde von Lacksche-

witz (1930) und Mannheims (1952) deutlich be-

schrieben und abgebildet. Sie hat ihre Haupt-

verbreitung im westmediterranen Gebiet.

Irrtümlicherweise ist sie in Savtshenko (1961)

(Fig. 276) unter paludosa statt unter mediterra-

nea abgebildet.

(microcephala Bigot, 1858 (Lecteria)) (comb.

nov.)

Literatur: Hutson, 1980.

Bemerkung: Diese Art wurde beschrieben

nach einem 2 von Gabon. Die Fühler des Ty-

pus-Exemplares waren abgebrochen. Bigot war

sich nicht sicher, ob sie in die Gattung Tipula

gehörte. Hutson (1980) führt sie im afrotropi-

schen Katalog in dieser Untergattung. Die Un-

tergattung Tipula ist nur bekannt von Ost- und

Südafrika und nicht von Gabon in Westafrika.

Die Beschreibung paßt auch nicht für eine Tipu-

la, wohl aber für die vom dortigen Gebiet be-

kannte Limoniide Lecteria africana nigrilinea

Alexander. Wahrscheinlich hat Bigot diese oder

eine dieser nächstverwandte Art vorgelegen. Ich

konnte das Typus-Exemplar nicht auffinden. Je-

denfalls ist microcephala im afrotropischen Ka-

talog unter Tipula zu streichen.

(niligena Jaennicke, 1867) = bicolor Loew, 1866

(syn. nov.)

Literatur: Bezzi; 19052740

Typus-Lokalität: Simen (Athiopien).

Holotypus d: Im Museum Senckenberg,

Frankfurt/Main.

Bemerkung: Nach der Beschreibung und

nach Vergleich der Typen ist niligena ein jün-

gers Synonym von bicolor.

oleracea Linnaeus, 1758

Literatur: Lackschewitz, 1930; Mannheims,

1952

Typus-Lokalität: Kochem/Mosel (Deutsch-

land).

Neotypus d: Im Zoologischen Museum

Alexander Koenig, Bonn.

Bemerkung: Durch 1.C.Z.N., Opinion 1160

(1980) wurde der Name festgelegt und ein Neo-

typus angewiesen. Die Art wurde von Lack-

schewitz (1930) und Mannheims (1952) deutlich

beschrieben und abgebildet. Sie hat ihre Haupt-

verbreitung in West- und Mitteleuropa. Ihre

Verbreitung auf der Balkanhalbinsel ist unklar.

orientalis Lackschewitz, 1930

Literatur: Mannheims, 1952; Simova, 1977

(p.p. orientalis (Fig. 68a), p.p. ıtalıca (Fig. 68b),

p.p. hungarıca (Fig. 68 d.e.f.)); Den Hollander,

1975a (unter plumbea: Insel Dilos).

Typus-Lokalität: 7. orientalis wurde be-

schrieben nach Exemplaren von Kärnten, Bur-

genland, Illyrıa, Cypern, Dobrudscha, Dalma-

tien, Albanıen, Korfu, Toscana, Apulia, Corsi-

ca, Transkaspien und Agypten.

Typen: Im Museum Wien. Bis heute ist kein

Lektotypus designiert worden.

Bemerkung: Diese Art wurde von Lacksche-

witz (1930) und Mannheims (1952) deutlich be-

schrieben und abgebildet. Sie hat eine weite

Verbreitung im ostmediterranen Gebiet.

paludosa Meigen, 1830

Literatur: Lackschewitz, 1930; Mannheims,

1952:

Typus-Lokalität: Hamburg (Deutschland).

Holotypus 2: Im Museum Paris (Sammlung

Meigen) (vid. Mannheims, 1951).

Bemerkung: Durch I.C.Z.N. Opinion 1160

(1980) ist der Name fimbriata Meigen, 1818,

zugunsten von paludosa Meigen, 1830, un-

terdrückt worden. Diese Art wurde von Lack-

schewitz (1930) und Mannheims (1952) deutlich

50 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 3, 1984

beschrieben und abgebildet. Sie hat ihre Haupt-

verbreitung in West- und Mitteleuropa. Irrtum-

licherweise ist sie in Savtshenko, 1961 (Fig. 272)

unter mediterranea statt unter paludosa abgebil-

det.

plumbea Fabricius, 1781

Literatur: Den Hollander, 1975a; Loi, 1964

(unter venturu).

Typus-Lokalität: Musei, Sardinien.

Neotypus d: Im Zoologischen Museum Am-

sterdam.

Bemerkung: Diese Art wurde von Den Hol-

lander (1975a) und Loi (1964) deutlich beschrie-

ben und abgebildet. Sie ist nur von einigen

Fundorten in Italien und Südfrankreich be-

kannt. Das Exemplar von Griechenland (Kikla-

des) Dilos in Den Hollander (1975a) ist nicht

plumbea sondern orientalis.

(rothschildi Alexander, 1920b (Savtshenkia))

(comb. nov.)

Literatur: Alexander, 1978. ì

Typus-Lokalität: Addis Abeba (Athiopien).

Holotypus 2: Im Muséum National d’His-

toire Naturelle, Paris.

Bemerkung: Das Typus-Exemplar ist in Al-

kohol konserviert und ziemlich stark be-

schädigt. Es fehlen die Geißeln, eine der Palpen,

die Knöpfe der Schwinger und der linke Flügel-

stummel. Von den Beinen sind nur Femur und

Tibia eines Mittelbeines vorhanden. In der

Sammlung Alexander findet sich noch ein

Präparat auf Glas mit dem rechten Flügelstum-

mel und einem Hinterbein. Zu den von Alexan-

der erwahnten füge ich noch nachfolgende

wichtige Merkmale hinzu: Kopf oben und hin-

ten hellgrau, oben mit feinem schwarzem Mit-

telstrich; Rostrum kurz, ohne Nasus; Augen

unter dem Kopf zweimal so breit getrennt wie

die Breite des ersten Fuhlergliedes; das vierte

Palpenglied ist zweimal so lang wie das dritte.

Hinterleib mit deutlichen Mittel- und Seiten-

streifen; Ovipositor mit sehr schlanken Cerci.

Lange von Thorax und Hinterleib etwa 10 mm.

Mesonotum (nach Trocknen) mit drie hellbrau-

nen Langsstreifen auf hellgrauem Untergrund,

der mittlere breit aber undeutlich (vielleicht sind

es zwei nah aneinander liegende Streifen); diese

Langsstreifen sind nicht dunkelgerandet; Tibia

des Mittelbeines mit zwei Dornen.

Nach der Gesamtheit der Merkmale ist dieses

kleine kurzflügelige Weibchen eine Tipulide

und keine Limoniide. Von den afrotropischen

Gattungen kommt nur die Gattung Tıpula in

Betracht. Es gehört aber sicher nicht in die Un-

Abb. 11. Hypopyg von Tipula (Yamatotipula) setosipennis (a—e wie Abb. 1).

THEOWALD: Die Untergattung Tipula 51

tergattung Tipula, sondern in die Untergattung

Savtshenkia. Bis heute sind vom afrotropischen

Gebiet keine Savtshenkia-Arten genannt wor-

den. Die Beschreibungen und Abbildungen der

vom afrotropischen Gebiet erwähnten Ptere-

lachsis-Arten deuten aber darauf hin, daf sie alle

in die neulich aufgestellte Untergattung Savt-

shenkia gehören. Letztgenannte Untergattung

(und nicht Pterelachisus) kommt damit im gan-

zen ost- und südafrikanischen Gebiet vor. Sie

war bis jetzt von Athiopien unbekannt, dürfte

dort aber sicher auch in mehreren Arten vor-

kommen.

(setosipennis Alexander, 1920c (Yamatotipula)

(comb. nov.)) (Abb. 11)

Literatur: Alexander,

1964.

Typus-Lokalität: Pretoria, Transvaal.

Holotypus dg: Im United States National

Museum, Washington (Sammlung Alexander).

Bemerkung: Nach Alexander (1956b) ist sie

eine stark abweichende Art der oleracea-Grup-

pe. In nachfolgenden wichtigen Merkmalen

steht sie allen Arten der Untergattung 7ipula

gegenüber: Rostrum auffallend kurz und Nasus

nicht oder kaum entwickelt (statt Rostrum

ziemlich lang mit deutlichem Nasus); Flügel-

19218 1956551957,

ader m-cu triffte auf m, (statt auf M3 + 4);

Flügelader rs ist 2 bis 2,5 mal so lang wie m-cu

(statt 1,5 bis 2 mal); Tibialsporne 1-1-2 (statt 1-

2-2); od klein (statt groß und die id ver-

deckend); zd-Seitenteil (Mannheims: pars 4;

Alexander: lower beak) nicht entwickelt (statt

stark entwickelt und dunkel gefärbt); :d-Haken

(Mannheims: pars 1; Alexander: outer arm of

outer basal lobe) breit bandförmig, mit vielen

kurzen Stacheln und eng an den id-Hinterteil

anschließend (statt hakenförmig, nackt und

frei); sensorische Poren an der Rückseite des id-

Hinterteil (statt an der Innenseite); 9. Sternit

breit U-förmig eingeschnitten (statt schmal oder

nicht); Adminiculum mit langen, dünnen Gona-

pophysen (statt mit kurzen, dicken). Aufgrund

dieser vielen wichtigen Unterschiede gegenüber

allen Arten der Untergattung Tipula ist es

unmöglich, setosipennis in diese Untergattung

aufzunehmen. Sie gehört aufgrund ihrer Merk-

male in die Untergattung Yamatotipula, in der

sie aber verwandtschaftlich isoliert steht.

soror Wiedemann, 1820 (Abb. 12)

Literatur: Wiedemann, 1820, 1828; Bergroth,

1888; Lackschewitz, 1930; Alexander, 1917,

1956a, 1956b, 1964; Wood, 1952; Den Hollan-

der, 1975a.

Abb. 12. Hypopyg von Tipula (T.) soror (a—e wie Abb. 1).

52 TIJDSCHRIFT voor ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 3, 1984

Typus-Lokalität: Prom. bon. spei (Kap der

Guten Hoffnung), Südafrika.

Holotypus ®: Im Universitetets Zoologiske

Museum, Kopenhagen (vid. L. Lyneborg,

1982).

Bemerkung: Aufgrund von Beschreibungen

und von Material, das Alexander bestimmt hat,

konnte ich feststellen, daß Alexander seit etwa

1950 soror und mashona mit frater verwechselt

hat. Beide erstgenannten Arten führt er seit da-

mals als bevisiana, letztgenannte als soror. Die

Fundorte, die er in seiner Südafrika Arbeit

(1964) unter bevisiana anführt, gehören zum

Teil zu soror, zum Teil zu mashona, die unter

soror zum Teil zu soror, zum Teil zu mashona

und zum Teil zu frater, die unter frater zum

Teil zu frater und zum Teil zu consobrina. Auf-

grund dieser Verwirrung kommt Den Hollan-

der (1975a) nach Literaturstudien zu der Mei-

nung, soror und frater seien identisch.

Männchen. — Kopf oben und hinten braun,

grau bereift; Rostrum braun mit deutlichem

Nasus; Augen unter dem Kopf schmal getrennt,

Trennung kaum breiter als das erste Fühler-

glied; Palpen braun, Endglied schwarz; Fühler

13-gliedrig, zurückgeschlagen etwa bis zur

Flügelbasis reichend, Basalglieder gelb, Geißel

gelblichbraun, kaum dunkler als die Basalglie-

der, die Geißelglieder an der Basis und am Ende

ein wenig verdickt, Wirtelhaare etwa so lang

wie die zugehörigen Glieder. Thorax braun,

grau bestäubt; Mesonotum mit vier mehr oder

weniger deutlichen, dunkelgerandeten Längs-

streifen; Coxae und Femora etwa gleich hell-

braun wie die Thoraxseiten, Femurende ver-

dunkelt, Tibiae und Tarsenglieder dunkler bis

schwarz; Tarsalklauen mit Mittelzahn; Flügel

mit undeutlichen hellen Längsstreifen, deutli-

cher in Zelle Rs. Costalzelle und Stigmenfleck

verdunkelt; Squamahaare undeutlich; Schwin-

gerstiel hellbraun, Knopf ein wenig dunkler.

Hinterleib hellbraun mit kaum sichtbaren

Rücken- und Seitenstreifen; Mittelfortsatz des

9. Tergits am Ende auffallend geradlinig abge-

stutzt; od breit birnförmig; id-Vorderteil mit

Kamm, an der Außenseite mit Haarkissen, an

der Innenseite mit wenigen langen Haaren; id-

Hinterteil oben abgerundet, an der Vorderseite

mit einem wenig deutlichen Vorsprung, auf dem

eine Gruppe von Dornen steht, an der Außen-

seite ohne Dorn, an der Innenseite mit einer

ziemlich deutlich abgegrenzten Gruppe sensori-

scher Poren; id-Haken auffallend kurz und

breitbasig.

Das Weibchen gleicht in allen eidonomischen

Merkmalen dem Männchen, nur sind die Fühler

kaum langer als Kopf und Rostrum zusammen,

und die Tarsalklauen ohne Mittelzahn.

Lange von Thorax und Hinterleib: 4 12—16

mm, ® 14—22 mm; Flügellänge: d 19—21 mm,

2 19-20 mm.

Verbreitung: Nur die weitere Umgebung von

Kapstadt; von diesem Gebiet ist bis heute nur

eine Art der Untergattung Tıpula bekannt ge-

worden, weshalb ich das Typus-? nicht

überprüft habe.

Biologie: Die von Wood (1952) und mir gese-

henen Exemplare wurden von August bis No-

vember und im Januar und März gesammelt.

Die Art fliegt dort von Meereshöhe bis zu etwa

1500 m.

Unterarten: Fast identisch mit soror ist mash-

ona (Gebiet der Drakensberge und Zimbabwe).

Ich fand nur einen konstanten Unterschied: so-

ror hat 13 Fühlerglieder, mashona dagegen 14.

Deshalb führe ich mashona Alexander als

Unterart von soror Wiedemann (siehe unter

mashona).

speiseriana Alexander, 1930 (Abb. 13)

Literatur: Alexander, 1956a; Den Hollander,

1975a; Theowald, 19772.

Typus-Lokalität: Kabara Camp, on south-

west Slope of Mt. Mikeno, Kivu, Belgian Congo

(jetzt Zaire).

Holotypus 6: Nach Alexander (1930) in sei-

ner Sammlung. Ich sah Präparate auf Glas von

drei Paratopotypen.

Männchen. — Kopf oben grau, hinten braun;

Rostrum braun mit deutlichem Nasus; Augen

unter dem Kopf schmal getrennt, Trennung

kaum breiter als das erste Fühlerglied; Palpen

fast schwarz; Fühler 13-gliedrig, zurückge-

schlagen etwa bis zur Flügelwurzel reichend,

manchmal aber deutlich kürzer, Basalglieder

gelblichbraun, die ersten zwei Geißelglieder zu-

nehmend dunkler, weitere Geißelglieder dun-

kelbraun bis schwarz, Wirtelhaare etwa so lang

wie das zugehörige Glied. Thorax bräunlich;

Mesonotum mit vier grauen dunkelbraungeran-

deten Längsstreifen; Coxae und Beine braun,

Femur- und Tibiaende verdunkelt, Tarsenglie-

der fast schwarz; Tarsalklauen ohne Mittel-

zahn; Flügel mit kaum sichtbaren Längsstreifen,

in der Zelle R, noch am deutlichsten, Costalzel-

le und Stigmenfleck ein wenig dunkler, ein un-

deutlicher Schattensaum entlang cu und m-cu;

Squama mit etwa sechs kurzen schwarzen Haa-

ren; Schwingerstiel- und Knopf geschwärzt.

Hinterleib braun mit verdunkelten Rücken- und

P—r——+—+-«<«<_—&

THEOWALD: Die Untergattung Tipula 53

Abb. 13. Hypopyg von Tipula (T.) speiseriana (a—e wie Abb. 1).

Seitenstreifen, an der Basis des 2. Sternits ein

undeutlicher schwarzer Fleck; Vorsprung des 9.

Tergits schmalbasig; od breit birnförmig; id-

Vorderteil mit Kamm, an der Auftenseite ohne

Haarkissen, an der Innenseite mit wenigen lan-

gen Haaren; :4-Hinterteil kappenförmig mit be-

dorntem Vorsprung, an der Innenseite ohne

Dorn, an der Außenseite mit einer ziemlich

deutlich abgegrenzten Gruppe sensorischer Po-

ren.

Weibchen: dem Mannchen in fast allen eido-

nomischen Merkmalen ahnlich, die Fühler aber

sind meistens ein wenig kürzer.

Lange von Thorax und Hinterleib: d 15—18

mm, 2 19—22 mm; Flügellänge: d 17—21 mm,

2 17—21 mm.

Verbreitung: In den Gebirgen ôstlich und

westlich des Viktoria-Sees, wahrscheinlich auch

Mt. Elgon (siehe Field notes by Edwards in

Alexander, 1956a), bis heute nicht vom Kili-

mandjaro bekannt.

Biologie: Diese Species wurde in allen Mona-

ten von Oktober bis April in den Gebirgen von

1500 bis 3500 m Seehöhe gesammelt. Edwards

sammelte in 3500 m Höhe ein kurzflügeliges

Weibchen dieser Art (Kenya, Aberdare, Nyeri

Track, 10500 ft, X.1934, British Museum). In

den verzeichneten Gebieten ist die Art häufig

und findet sich wohl in jeder Ausbeute von

dort.

strigata Loew, 1866 (Abb. 14)

Literatur: Riedel, 1914 (ist aber flagellicurta

und lourensi); Alexander, 1978 (unter abyssinica

Jaennicke).

Typus-Lokalität: Nubien.

Holotypus d: Verbleib unbekannt, nach Mit-

teilung von Herrn Dr. H. Schuman befindet er

sich nicht in der Sammlung Loew, Museum

Berlin. Bemerkung: Die Beschreibungen von

strigata Loew und abyssinica Jaennicke stimmen

fast vollständig überein und sie passen bis in

Einzelheiten auf die Exemplare, die Alexander

(1978) als abyssinica anführt. Deshalb stelle ich

abyssinica Jaennicke, 1867 als jüngeres Syno-

nym zu strigata Loew, 1866 und nehme die von

Alexander als abyssinica angeführten Exempla-

ren als Basis der folgenden Beschreibung.

54 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 3, 1984

Abb. 14. Hypopyg von Tipula (T.) strigata (a—e wie Abb. 1).

Männchen. — Kopf oben und hinten grau;

Augen unter dem Kopf schmal getrennt, Tren-

nung etwa zweimal so breit wıe das erste Füh-

lerglied; Rostrum gelb, an der Oberseite grau;

Nasus deutlich; Palpen fast schwarz; Fühler 13-

gliedrig, zurückgeschlagen etwa bis zur Flügel-

wurzel reichend, das letzte Glied winzig, Ba-

salglieder und größter Teil des ersten Geißel-

gliedes gelb, weitere Glieder braun, die Wirtel-

haare fast so lang wie die zugehörigen Glieder.

Thoraxrücken und ein größerer Teil der Tho-

raxseiten hellgrau bestäubt, Schildchen gelb-

braun, Mesonotum mit drei kaum sichtbaren

braunen Längsstreifen, die wohl die Mittellinie

und die gemeinsamen Ränder von Mittel- und

Seitenstreifen darstellen; Coxae und basale

Hälfte der Femora gelb, distale Hälfte der Fe-

mora bräunlich, Tibiae und Tarsenglieder braun

bis schwarz, Tarsalklauen in der Mitte mit deut-

lichem Zahn; Flügel glashell, Vorderrand

bräunlich mit dunkelbraunem Stigmenfleck, cu

bräunlich gesäumt; Schwinger dunkelbraun.

Hinterleib an der Basis gelb, ab Hinterrand des

3. Segmentes schwarz, die gelbe Basıs mit

schmaler schwarzer Rückenstrieme und Teilen

von Seitenstriemen, das 2. Sternit an der Basıs

mit einem runden schwarzen Fleck. Hypopyg

gelbbraun; Vorsprung des 9. Tergits mit schma-

ler Basis; id-Vorderteil mit durchsichtigem

Kamm, außen am Unterrand mit einem Kissen

kurzer weißer Haare, Innenseite mit einem

Saum langer Haare; id-Hinterteil oben kap-

penförmig mit bedorntem Vorsprung, an der

Außenseite mit einem ziemlich großen dornför-

migen Vorsprung, an der Innenseite mit einer

scharf abgegrenzten Gruppe sensorischer Po-

ren; od birnförmig.

Länge von Thorax und Hinterleib 13—15

mm; Flügellänge 16—18 mm.

Weibchen: Alexander (1978) kennt “a small

number of both sexes” from Addis Abeba, ge-

sammelt von Richter und Schäuffele. Die Weib-

chen dieser Serie sind aber nicht mehr aufzufin-

den. Er kennt auch ein Weibchen, gesammelt

von Rothschild in Addis Abeba im Mai 1904.

Von diesem Exemplar ist in der Sammlung

THEOWALD: Die Untergattung Tipula 55

Alexander (Washington) nur ein Präparat mit

einem Flügel und Teilen von zwei Beinen. Für

rothschildi, die nach Alexander (1978) vielleicht

mit abyssinica (= strigata) identisch ist, siehe

unter rothschildi.

Verbreitung: Athiopien (Simen, Addis Abe-

ba) und Nubien.

Biologie: Die Exemplare von Addis Abeba,

Ausbeute Richter und Schäuffele, wurden im

Dezember in 3020 m Seehöhe gesammelt, das

von Rothschild gesammelte Weibchen stammt

vom Mai und unbekannter Höhe.

Bemerkung: Riedel (1914) verzeichnet striga-

ta vom Kilimandjaro und von Britisch-Ost-

Afrika. Die Exemplare sind zum Teil 1m Mu-

seum Paris und wurden von mir überprüft. Die

Exemplare vom Kilimandjaro sind zum Teil fla-

gellicurta, zum Teil lourensi, die von Britisch-

Ost-Afrika konnte man im Museum Paris nicht

mehr finden. Sie gehören wahrscheinlich zur

dort häufig vorkommenden Art speiseriana.

subaptera Freeman, 1950 (Abb. 15)

Alexander,

Literatur:

19772.

19562; Theowald,

Typus-Lokalität: Tanganyika, Kilimandjaro.

Holotypus d: Im British Museum (Natural

History).

Männchen. — Kopf oben und hinten silber-

grau bereift; Rostrum braun mit deutlichem

Nasus; Augen unter dem Kopf breit getrennt,

Trennung mehr als zweimal so breit wie das er-

ste Fühlerglied; Palpen dunkelbraun bis

schwarz; Fühler lang, zurückgeschlagen fast bis

zum Anfang des zweiten Hinterleibssegmentes

reichend, 13-gliedrig, die Basalglieder gelblich-

braun, Geißelglieder etwas dunkler, die längsten

Wirtelhaare etwa halb so lang wie die zugehöri-

gen Glieder. Thorax braun; Thoraxrücken dun-

kler und silbergrau bereift, die Längsstreifen des

Mesonotum kaum sichtbar; Beine nicht oder

kaum verkürzt, braun, gegen Ende fast

schwarz; Tarsalklauen ohne Mittelzahn; Flügel

kaum entwickelt (1.5 mm); Schwingerstiel dun-

kelbraun, Knopf schwarz, Hinterleib braungrau

mit Silberschimmer und undeutlichen Rücken-

und Seitenstreifen, Sternite dunkelbraun; Vor-

sprung des 9. Tergits breitbasig; od breit

birnförmig; zd-Vorderteil ohne Kamm, an der

Außenseite mit einem Kissen kurzer weißer

Abb. 15. Hypopyg von Tipula (T.) subaptera (a—e wie Abb. 1).

56 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 3, 1984

Haare, an der Innenseite lang behaart; id-Hin-

terteil klein, oben zangenförmig, an der Außen-

seite mit Dorn, an der Innenseite mit verstreut

stehenden sensorischen Poren.

Weibchen. — In allen eidonomischen Merk-

malen dem Männchen ähnlich, hat aber deutlich

verkürzte und kurz behaarte Beine. Ich sah eın

Männchen mit Länge von Thorax und Hinter-

leib 9 mm und ein Weibchen mit Länge 21 mm.

Nach der Originalbeschreibung sind Männchen

und Weibchen 11—23 mm lang.

Verbreitung: Tanzania, nur Kilimandjaro.

Biologie: Diese Art wurde im Oktober an der

Westseite des Kilimandjaro (Shira) in 4000—

4750 m Seehöhe gesammelt.

Bemerkung: 7. subaptera ist in vielen Merk-

malen flagellicurta ähnlich. Im Gegensatz zu

den kurzflügeligen Männchen der letztgenann-

ten Art haben jene von subaptera verkürzte und

verdickte Beine. Die Weibchen von flagellicurta

haben im Gegensatz zu denen von subaptera

spinnenartig behaarte Beine. Beide Arten sind

einander deutlich nächstverwandt.

subcunctans Alexander, 1921b

Literatur: Lackschewitz, 1930 (unter czize-

ki); Mannheims, 1952 (unter fusca).

Typus-Lokalität: Sapporo (Japan).

Holotypus 9: Im United States National

Museum, Washington (Sammlung Alexander).

Bemerkung: Diese Art wurde von Lacksche-

witz (1930) und Mannheims (1952) deutlich be-

schrieben und abgebildet. Sie hat eine weite

Verbreitung im palaearktischen Raum, von

Westeuropa bis in Japan.

(submendosa Tjeder, 1941) = oleracea Lin-

naeus, 1758

Bemerkung: Nach Tjeder, 1941, 1953, soll

oleracea Linnaeus identisch mit paludosa Mei-

gen sein. Er benannte oleracea sensu aut., nec

Linnaeus, submendosa. Nach Uberprüfung des

Exemplares von oleracea in der Sammlung Lin-

naeus (Hutson, Vane-Wright & Cranston,

1976) wurde klar, daf oleracea Linnaeus iden-

tisch ist mit subeunctans Alexander. In 1.C.Z.N.

Opinion 1160 (1980) wurde der Name oleracea

Linnaeus festgelegt fur oleracea sens. aut. Damit

wurde submendosa ein jüngeres Synonym von

oleracea.

(venturu Loi, 1964) = plumbea Fabricius, 1781

(syn. nov.)

Literatur: Den Hollander, 1975b.

Typus-Lokalitat: Toscana, Fucecchio (Ita-

lien).

Syntypen: 12 Exemplare von der Typus-Lo-

kalitàt wurden verzeichnet. Sie sind wahr-

scheinlich im Instituto di Entomologia agraria

della Universitä di Pisa.

Bemerkung: Diese Art wurde Den Hollander

(1975b) bekannt von Sardinien und Südfrank-

reich (Var). Er stellte fest, daß diese Art nur

identisch sein könnte mit plumbea Fabricius.

venturi Loi, 1964 ist damit ein jüngeres Syno-

nym von plumbea Fabricius, 1781.

(wollastoni Lackschewitz, 1936) = paludosa

Meigen, 1830

Literatur:

1977b.

Typus-Lokalität: Madeira.

Holotypus d: Im British Museum (Natural

History).

Mannheims, 1952; Theowald,

zimbabwensis nov. spec. (Abb. 16)

Tipula (Tipula) zimbabwensis nov. spec.

Literatur: Den Hollander, 1975a (unter bevi-

sıana).

Holotypus d und ein Paratypus d: South

Rhodesia, Inyanganı Mountains, 13.X1.1963,

H. A. W. Paine-Smit leg.; im Zoologischen Mu-

seum Amsterdam.

Männchen. — Kopf oben grau, hinten braun;

Rostrum braun, oben grau, mit deutlichem Na-

sus; Augen unter dem Kopf ziemlich breit ge-

trennt, Trennung zweimal so breit wie das erste

Fühlerglied; Fühler 13- oder 14-gliedrig (beide

Basalglieder der einzigen vollständigen Geifel

sind zum Teil verwachsen), zurückgeschlagen

bis zur Flügelbasis reichend, zwei oder drei ba-

sale Glieder gelblich, weitere Glieder dunkel-

braun, Wirtelhaare auffallend kurz, kürzer als

die halbe Länge der zugehörigen Glieder. Tho-

rax braun, Thoraxrücken größtenteils hellgrau

bestäubt; Mesonotum mit undeutlichen dunkel-

gerandeten Längsstreifen; Coxae und Femora

bräunlich, Tibiae und Tarsenglieder dunkel-

braun bis schwarz; Tarsalklauen ohne Mittel-

zahn; Flügel ein wenig gräulich getrübt, Vor-

derrand und Stigmenfleck schwach bräunlich

gefärbt, keine hellen Längsstreifen und auch die

Zelle R, nur wenig heller; Squama kaum oder

gar nicht beborstet; Schwinger dunkelbraun.

Hinterleib schwarz mit gelblichweißem Hinter-

rand der Tergite und Sternite, 9. Tergit und 9.

Sternit braun; Vorsprung des 9. Tergits schmal-

basig und fast senkrecht abgestutzt; od birnför-

mig; 7d-Vorderteil mit Kamm, an der Außensei-

THEOWALD: Die Untergattung Tipula 57

te mit Haarkissen, an der Innenseite mit nur

wenigen langen Haaren; :d-Hinterteil oben ab-

gerundet, an der Vorderseite ohne Vorsprung,

aber mit einer Reihe Borsten, an der Außenseite

ohne Dorn, an der Innenseite mit einer deutlich

abgegrenzten Gruppe sensorischer Poren; id-

Haken normal lang und nicht, wie bei der ähnli-

chen soror, verkürzt.

Das Weibchen ist unbekannt.

Lange von Thorax und Hinterleib: d 11—12

mm; Flügellänge: & 13—14 mm.

Verbreitung: Bis heute nur von Zimbabwe

bekannt.

Biologie: Unbekannt.

Name: Nach dem Herkunfstlande Zimbabwe

(früher Southern Rhodesia).

Bemerkung zu den südafrikanischen Arten

In dem alphabetischen Verzeichnis kam

mehrmals zur Sprache, daf Alexander in seinen

Arbeiten die südafrikanischen Arten verwech-

selt hat. Er bearbeitete sie um 1920 und nach

etwa 1950. In seiner Sammlung finden sich nur

Belegstiicke aus der zweiten Periode. Das Mate-

rial der ersten Periode ging fast ausnahmslos an

die verleihenden Museen zurück. Alexander hat

wohl das spatere Material an Hand von Be-

schreibungen und ungenügend detaillierten Ab-

bildungen bearbeitet und sich deshalb in der In-

terpretation der Arten geirrt. Den Hollander

(1975a) hat nur Alexanders Beschreibungen be-

nutzt und keine Typen studiert. Offenbar kam

ihm die Sache nicht ganz geheuer vor. Tabelle 1

gibt einen Überblick über die Interpretation der

nunmehr bekannten südafrikanischen Arten

durch Alexander (um 1920 und nach 1950) und

Den Hollander (1975a). Dieser Überblick wur-

de zusammengestellt nach Überprüfung des von

ihnen bestimmten Materials. Aufgrund dieses

Überblicks sind Beschreibungen, Tabellen und

Fundorte in den Arbeiten der genannten Auto-

ren wohl besser zu deuten.

Bestimmung

Sichere Bestimmung der Männchen ist meis-

tens nur möglich anhand des Baues des zd. Von

trockenen Exemplaren läßt sich mit Hilfe einer

Nadel leicht ein od entfernen. Der id ist dann

sichtbar. Bestimmung der Weibchen ist schwie-

riger und das Ergebnis oft unsicher, vor allem

Abb. 16. Hypopyg von Tipula (T.) zimbabwensis (a—e wie Abb. 1).

58 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 3, 1984

weil von etwa einem Drittel der Arten die

Weibchen noch unbekannt sind. Nach ihrer

Verbreitung sind die Arten in vier Gruppen auf-

zuteilen:

a. palaearktische Arten

Sie sind leicht zu bestimmen anhand der Ab-

bildungen von Lackschewitz (1930) oder mit

Tabellen und Abbildungen von Mannheims

(1952). Für atlantica, italica errans und plumbea

siehe unter den alphabethischen Verzeichnis

(Seiten 33, 43, 48).

Die zugehörigen Arten sind:

atlantica Mannheims, 1962 — nur Madeira

italica italica Lackschewitz, 1930 — nur Italien

italica errans nov. subspec. — Balkanhalbinsel, ©

Sardinien (und Korsika?)

kleinschmidti Mannheims, 1950 — iberische

Halbinsel

mediterranea Lackschewitz, 1930 — ganzes

westmediterranes Gebiet

oleracea Linnaeus, 1758 — ganzes mediterranes

Gebiet und West- und Mitteleuropa

orientalis Lackschewitz, 1930 — ostmediterra-

nes Gebiet bis Afghanistan im Osten und Agyp-

ten und Sudan im Süden

paludosa Meigen, 1830 — West- und Mittel-

europa

plumbea Fabricius, 1781 — Italien und Süd-

frankreich

subcunctans Alexander, 1921 — Westeuropa bis

Japan

b. äthiopische Arten

Diese Arten sind leicht zu bestimmen anhand

nunmehr bekannt Alexander, um

als 1920, unter

consobrina

frater

soror mashona soror und

mashona

soror soror

soror

zimbabwensis

Alexander, nach

1950, unter

bevistana

der Abbildungen in dieser Arbeit. Sie sind:

bicolor Loew, 1866 — Athiopien (Abb. 1)

hollanderi Theowald, 1977 — Baale Berge

(Abb. 7)

loeffleri nov. spec. — Baale Berge (Abb. 9)

strigata Loew, 1866 — Athiopien (Abb. 14)

Es ist nicht auszuschließen, daß die haupt-

sächlich palaearktische orientalis, die neuerlich

auch von Agypten und Sudan bekannt gewor-

den ist, überdies in Athiopien vorkommt.

c. Arten aus den Gebieten um den Viktoria-See

Die zugehörigen Arten sind:

capnioneura Speiser, 1909 — nur Kilimandjaro

(Abb. 2)

eumecacera Speiser, 1909 — nur Kilimandjaro

(Abb. 4)

flagellicurta Mannheims, 1958 — nur Kilimand-

jaro (Abb. 5)

lobeliae Alexander, 1956 — nur Mount Elgon

(Abb. 8)

lourensi Den Hollander, 1975 — nur Kilimand-

jaro (Abb. 10)

speiseriana Alexander, 1930 — ganzes Gebiet

um den Victoria-See (Abb. 13)

subaptera Freeman, 1950 — nur Kilimandjaro

(Abb. 15)

Für die fünf Arten des Kilimandjaro, die ein-

ander im Bau des Hypopygs sehr ähnlich sind,

gebe ich nachfolgend einen Bestimmungsschlüs-

sel. Die beiden Arten lobeliae und speiseriana,

die nicht vom Kilimandjaro bekannt sind, lassen

sich leicht bestimmen mit Hilfe der Abbildun-

gen.

Den Hollander,

1975a, unter

bevisiana

Tabelle 1. Interpretation der südafrikanischen Arten durch Alexander und Den Hollander.

THEOWALD: Die Untergattung Tipula 59

Abb. 17. Hypopyg von Tipula (Acutipula) schulteni (a—e wie Abb. 1).

1. id-Vorderteil an der Außenseite mit einem

Kissen kurzer, weißer Haare

— id-Vorderteil an der Auftenseite unbehaart

2. (Wahrscheinlich) nur kurzflügelig vorkom-

mende Art mit deutlich verkürzten und

verdiekten Been’: sn... subaptera

— Normalflügelige Art, deren d zwar in etwa

3500 m Seehöhe kurzflügelig sind, in die-

sem Falle aber normallange und nor-

maldünne Beine haben ....... flagellicurta

3. Fühler zurückgeschlagen kaum bis zur

Flügelbasis reichend lourensı

— Fühler sehr lang, zurückgeschlagen wenig-

stens bis zum vierten Hinterleibssegment

reichend

4. Auffallend kleine Art mit Thorax und dem

ersten Hinterleibssegment goldgelb

eumecacera

d. südafrikanische Arten

Die zugehörigen Arten sind leicht zu bestim-

men anhand der Abbildungen in dieser Arbeit.

Von den beiden Unterarten von soror hat s. so-

ror 13-gliedrige und s. mashona 14-gliedrige

Fühler. Die Arten sind:

consobrina nov. spec. — Zimbabwe, Mozambi-

que (Abb. 3)

frater Alexander, 1921 — Drakensberge, Zim-

babwe (Abb. 6)

soror soror Wiedemann, 1820 — um Kapstadt

(Abb. 12)

soror mashona Alexander, 1920 — Drakensber-

ge, Zimbabwe (Abb. 12)

zimbabwensis nov. spec. — Zimbabwe (Abb.

16)

Bestimmung aller unter a—d angeführten Ar-

ten ist auch mit Hilfe der im zweiten Abschnitt

dieser Arbeit aufgestellten Kladogramme mög-

lich.

ZUR PHYLOGENIE

Monophylie der Untergattung Tipula

Die zur Untergattung Tipula gehörenden Ar-

ten haben viele Merkmale gemeinsam und wur-

den deshalb von Lackschewitz (1930) zusam-

men in eine und dieselbe Artengruppe gestellt

(oleracea-Gruppe), die seit Edwards (1931) als

Untergattung geführt wird. Gemeinsame Merk-

male sind: Rostrum etwas länger als Kopf; Na-

sus etwa ein Drittel der Länge des Rostrums;

Mesonotum mit vier dunkelgerandeten Längs-

60 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 3, 1984

streifen, bei Hochgebirgsarten aber meist durch

hellgraue Bestäubung verdeckt; Costalzelle

meist dunkler als Rest der Flügel; rs fast zwei-

mal so lang wie m-cu; m-cu an der Spaltung von

m, und m, oder kurz davor (proximal); m-Aste

kurz behaart; Squamae mit zwei bis vier kurzen

Borsten; Tibien der Mittelbeine mit zwei deutli-

chen Dornen; 9. Tergit und 9. Sternit ringför-

mig verwachsen; an den oberen Ecken der Ba-

sistyli ein Büschel langer Haare; Hinterrand des

8. Sternits unbehaart und ohne Differenzierun-

gen; Hinterrand des 9. Tergits in der Mitte mit

einem distal eingeschnittenen und mit kleinen

Dornen besetzten Vorsprung; od grof und id

vollständig verdeckend; id aus vier Teilen (Abb.

1, 17) zusammengesetzt: Vorderteil hackmes-

serförmig, Seitenteil rinnenförmig, Hinterteil an

der Außenseite des Vorderteils und am distalen

Ende artcharakteristisch differenziert, Haken

fingerformig mit deutlicher unbehaarter Spitze,

sensorische Poren (sensilla basiconica) auf der

Innenseite des Hinterteils; Gonapophysen spa-

telförmig und etwa so lang wie die Penishülle;

Ovipositor mit ziemlich langen, schmalen,

stumpf endenden Cerci.

Durch diese Kombination von etwa 20, zum

Teil plesiomorphen, zum Teil apomorphen

Merkmalen ist die Untergattung Tipula gegen-

über allen weiteren Untergattungen und Arten-

gruppen deutlich abgegrenzt. Unter diesen

Merkmalen sind drei auffallende Apomorphien,

die sich sonst nirgendwo finden: der fingerför-

mige Haken der id endet spitz und unbehaart,

statt stumpf und behaart; die sensorischen Po-

ren liegen an der Innenseite des id-Hinterteils

statt an der Basis; die od sind stark vergrößert

statt klein und verdecken die id vollständig.

Aufgrund dieser drei Synapomorphien müssen

die Arten der Untergattung Tipula als eine mo-

nophyletische Gruppe betrachtet werden.

Die Schwestergruppe der Untergattung Tipula

Nach den Merkmalen von Larven, Puppen

und Imagines sind die Untergattungen Acutipu-

la, Tipula und Yamatotipula einander nächst-

verwandt. Savtshenko (1966, 1979) ist der Mei-

nung, daß Tipula von Acutipula abgezweigt hat,

nach Alexander (1935, 1965) steht sie vielleicht

Yamatotipula näher.

Tipula und Yamatotipula zeigen keine Syna-

pomorphien, mit denen ein Schwestergruppen-

verhältnis eindeutig belegt werden kann. Die

Arten beider Untergattungen sehen einander

ziemlich ähnlich. Die Merkmale, die sie gemein-

sam haben, sind aber zum Teil Plesiomorphien,

zum Teil Apomorphien, die auch in weiteren

Untergattungen der Gattung Tipula vorkom-

men. Die Arten beider Untergattungen haben

z.B. den Hinterrand des 8. Sternits undifferen-

ziert, eine Plesiomorphie, die sich, wie zu er-

warten, auch findet in Artengruppen weiterer

Untergattungen. Ein bedornter, am distalen En-

de eingeschnittener Vorsprung am Hinterrand

des 9. Tergits und dunkelgerandete Längsstrei-

fen auf dem Mesonotum sind Apomorphien.

Auch sie kommen bei Artengruppen weiterer

Untergattungen vor. Unter den ziemlich vielen

Merkmalen, die Tipula und Yamatotipula ge-

meinsam haben, fand ich keine einzige Apo-

morphie, die nur in diesen beiden Untergattun-

gen vorkommt. Für die Vermutung Alexanders,

daß diese beiden Untergattungen Schwester-

gruppen sind, fand ich damit keine Evidenz.

Aber auch die Auffassung Savtshenkos, daß

Tipula und Acutipula Schwestergruppen sind,

läßt sich nicht begründen. Acutipula zählt etwa

150 Arten, die zu mehr als 15 Artengruppen

gehören. Es ist zweifelhaft, ob es Apomorphien

gibt, mit denen die Monophylie von Acutipula

eindeutig belegt werden kann, geschweige denn

Apomorphien, mit denen das Schwestergrup-

penverhältnis mit Tipula zu belegen ist.

Die Untergattung Acutipula wurde von Alex-

ander (1956a) und Savtshenko (1961) in eine

Reihe von Artengruppen unterteilt, die meist

charakterisiert sind durch einen ein- oder

zweispitzigen, bedornten oder unbedornten

Vorsprung am Hinterrand des 9. Tergits und

besonders durch den Bau des zd. Bei vielen Ar-

tengruppen sind die zd ziemlich einfach gebaut

und zeigen nur einen mehr oder weniger kom-

plizierten Vorder- und Hinterteil, bei einigen

sind sie deutlich aus vier Tielen zusammenge-

setzt, und es kommen auch noch ein Seitenteil

und ein Haken dazu. Derartig zusammenge-

setzte zd finden sich bei den Arten der euro-

päischen maxima- und fulvipennis-Gruppe und

bei den afrıkanischen Arten der loveridgei-

Gruppe (Theowald, 1983). Beide erstgenannten

Gruppen sind einander nächstverwandt (Ver-

moolen, in Vorbereitung). Die loveridgei-Grup-

pe dagegen, und wahrscheinlich die ganze zam-

besiensis-Gruppe sensu Alexander, 1956a (De

Jong, in Vorbereitung), steht der Untergattung

Tipula am nächsten.

Die id der Arten der loveridgei-Gruppe

(schulteni, Abb. 17) und jene der Arten der Un-

tergattung Tipula (vergl. z.B. mit bicolor (Abb.

1), soror (Abb. 12) und zimbabwensis (Abb.

16)) sind einander sehr änhlich und zeigen eini-

THEOWALD: Die Untergattung Tipula 61

ge auffallende Synapomorphien gegenüber den

Arten der maxima- und fulvipennis-Gruppe.

Der id-Hinterteil ist bei allen Arten der erstge-

nannten Gruppe verwachsen mit den drei ande-

ren id-Teilen, er ist keulenförmig und am dista-

len Ende artcharakteristisch differenziert. Bei

den Arten der maxima- und fulvipennis-Gruppe

dagegen (Vermoolen, 1983) ist er nicht mit den

anderen Teilen verwachsen, mehr oder weniger

dornförmig und verzweigt. Der Haken ist beı

den Arten der loveridgei-Gruppe und jenen der

Untergattung Tipula fingerförmig und ver-

wachsen mit dem :d-Hinterteil und dem id-Sei-

tenteil, bei den Arten der maxima- und der ful-

vipennis-Gruppe dagegen ist er niemals mit dem

id-Hinterteil und dem id-Seitenteil verwachsen,

sondern breitbasig und fast dreieckig. Aufgrund

dieser Synapomorphien stehen einerseits die /o-

veridgei-Gruppe und die Untergattung Tipula,

andererseits die maxima- und die fulvipennis-

Gruppe einander am nächsten. Beide Paare von

Gruppen haben vierteilige id; die vier Teile des

id in der maxima- und fulvipennis-Gruppe sind

aber sicher nicht homolog sondern analog zu je-

loveridgei-

Gruppe

nen der loveridgei-Gruppe und der Untergat-

tung Tipula.

Aufgrund des Schwestergruppenverhältnisses

der loveridgei-Gruppe (Untergattung Acutipu-

la) und der Untergattung Tipula kommt es zu

taxonomischen Änderungen. Sie werden aber

erst veröffentlicht werden, wenn ein eingehen-

des Studium über die einander wohl nächstver-

wandten Untergattungen Acutipula, Platytipu-

la, Tipula und Yamatotipula abgeschlossen ist

(De Jong, in Vorbereitung).

Die loveridgei-Gruppe zeigt gegenüber der

Untergattung Tipula eine auffallende Autapo-

morphie: die Vorsprünge am Hinterrand des 9.

Tergits sind — im Gegensatz zu fast allen mehr

oder weniger verwandten Artengruppen — un-

bedornt statt bedornt.

In Kladogramm 1 ist das Verhältnis zwischen

beiden Gruppen bildlich dargestellt. Die Apo-

morphien sind: 1. :d-Hinterteil verwachsen mit

Vorderteil, Seitenteil und Haken, und distal art-

charakteristisch differenziert; 2. id-Haken fin-

gerförmig und verwachsen mit Hinter- und Sei-

tenteil; 3. id-Haken am Ende zugespitzt; 4. sen-

Untergattung

Tipula

wr Ol

Kladogramm 1. Das Schwestergruppenverhältnis von Tipula (Tipula). B Apomorphien, O Plesiomorphien.

62 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 3, 1984

sorische Poren an der Innenseite des id-

Hinterteils; 5. od stark vergrößert; 6. Vorsprün-

ge am Hinterrand des 9. Tergits unbedornt.

Verwandtschaftliche Beziehungen innerhalb der

Untergattung Tipula

Grofeinteilung

Eine Reihe von Arten läßt sich aufgrund von

fast identischem Bau der id leicht zu Gruppen

einander nächstverwandter Arten zusammen-

fassen, z.B. oleracea — orientalis; kleinschmidti

— mediterranea; soror soror — soror mashona;

zimbabwensis — bicolor; flagellicurta — subap-

tera — lourensi — eumecacera — capnioneura.

Eidonomische Merkmale sind in diesen Grup-

pen mosaikartig verstreut und zur Abgrenzung

derselben unverwendbar. Deshalb werden sie

auch nicht benutzt zur Einreihung von schwie-

riger aufzustellenden Arten. Merkmale des Ovi-

positors konnten nicht benutzt werden, weil

von einem Viertel der Arten die Weibchen noch

unbekannt sind. Die Phylogenie konnte deshalb

nur mit Hilfe der Merkmale des Hypopygs der

Männchen belegt werden.

Aufgrund einiger deutlicher Apomorphien

sind die Arten der Untergattung Tipula in drei

Gruppen einzuteilen: die beiden Unterarten von

soror, die afrotropischen Arten excl. soror, und

die palaearktischen Arten. Im Gegensatz zu al-

len weiteren Arten haben die beiden Unterarten

von soror den Haken kurz, kaum länger als die

Arten der loveridgei-Gruppe. Alle weiteren Ar-

ten haben den Haken stark verlängert, eine

deutliche Apomorphie.

Die afrotropischen Arten haben ihn, wie so-

ror, von der Basis bis zum Ende konisch zuge-

spitzt, bei den palaearktischen Arten steht auf

der Basis ein langer Dorn, eine Apomorphie ge-

genüber dem konisch zugespitzten Haken (vgl.

Abb. 20a —d).

Alle afrotropischen Arten, incl. soror, haben

die Innenseite des id-Vorderteils deutlich be-

haart wie die Arten der loveridgei-Gruppe, bei

den palaearktischen Arten dagegen ist sie unbe-

haart, eine Apomorphie. Bei primitiven Tipuli-

den ist die Innenseite des id fast immer behaart.

Auch im Bau des zd-Hinterteils gibt es Unter-

schiede zwischen den afrotropischen und den

palaearktischen Arten (Abb. 18 und 19). T. so-

ror, bicolor, zimbabwensis und alle palaearkti-

schen Arten haben einen id-Hinterteil mit kur-

zem Stiel, auf dem ziemlich hoch die sensori-

schen Poren sitzen, und mit einem mehr oder

weniger keulenförmigen distalen Ende. Die drei

erstgenannten Arten haben das distale Ende un-

Abb. 18. id-Hinterteil, von der Innenseite, der palaearktischen Arten Tipula (T.); a, subcunctans; b, paludosa; c,

atlantica; d, mediterranea; e, kleinschmidti; f, italica; g, plumbea; h, orientalis; i, oleracea.

THEOWALD: Die Untergattung Tipula 63

afrotropische palaearktische

soror soror Arten Arten

soror mashona exkl. soror

mi n mj 11

= È a 10

5 al I 9

= m = 8

Kladogramm 2. Die Großgruppen innerhalb der Untergattung Tipula. B Apomorphien, DO Plesiomorphien.

Abb. 19. :d-Hinterteil, von der Innenseite, einiger afrotropischen Arten von Tipula (T.); a, bicolor; b,

perseriana; c, lobeliae; d, capnioneura.

64 TIJDSCHRIFT voor ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 3, 1984

differenziert und unbedornt. Bei ihnen stehen

sensorische Dornen an der Vorderseite des

Stiels. Die palaearktischen Arten dagegen haben

das distale Ende differenziert. Bei kleinschmidti

und plumbea sitzen sensorische Dornen von der

Vorderseite des Stiels bis zum distalen Ende, bei

den anderen Arten sitzen sie am differenzierten

distalen Ende und an der Vorderseite des Stiels,

wo bei kleinschmidti und plumbea sensorische

Dornen stehen, sitzen jedoch nur noch einige

Haare. Die afrotropischen Arten excl. soror, bi-

color und zimbabwensis haben das Ende des id-

Hinterteils reduziert (Abb. 19b—d). Der Hin-

terteil ist im Vergleich zu den weiteren Teilen

des id kürzer (vgl. auch Abb. 1—16). Die senso-

rischen Poren liegen bei diesen Arten fast am

Ende des id-Hinterteils, bei ihnen ist die Vor-

derseite des Stiels mit den sensorischen Dornen

stark differenziert. Es zeigen sich damit deutlich

zwei Entwicklungslinien: im afrotropischen

Gebiet sehen wir eine Reduktion des distalen

Endes des zd-Hinterteils und eine starke Diffe-

Abb. 20. a—d, id-Haken von Tipula (T.): a, schulteni; b, soror; c, afrotropische Arten excl. soror; d, palaearkti-

sche Arten; e—h, Verbindung zwischen id-Hinterteil und id-Haken von Tipula (T.): e, oleracea; f, mediterra-

nea; g, atlantica; h, capnioneura.

renzierung des sensorischen Feldes an der Vor-

derseite des Stiels, im palaearktischen Gebiet

dagegen eine auffallende Entwicklung des dista-

len Endes des id-Hinterteils und eine Reduktion

des sensorischen Feldes an der Vorderseite des

Stiels. Plesiomorph ist der Bau des id-Hinter-

teils bei soror, bicolor und zimbabwensis. Apo-

morph ist einerseits die Reduktion des distalen

Endes und die starke Entwicklung der Vorder-

seite des Stiels bei den afrotropischen Arten

excl. soror, bicolor und zimbabwensis, anderer-

seits die Differenzierung des distalen Endes, wie

man sie von den palaearktischen Arten kennt.

Eine weitere Apomorphie der palaearktischen

Arten ist das Vorkommen einer Reihe langer

Haare vorne am Oberrand des id-Vorderteils.

Sie finden sich nicht bei oleracea, bei der der id-

Vorderteil fast zu einem Haken reduziert ist.

Wir müssen wohl annehmen, daf bei dieser Art

die Haare sekundar verloren gegangen sind.

Die beiden Unterarten von soror haben viele

Merkmale gemeinsam. Ich fand fiir sie aber kei-

THEowaALD: Die Untergattung Tipula

U2}1Y 5

2U2S1}41D09D]0d 2

D12]dDqns 3

ISU9ANO] 0901 a

Ne ce <

DJ Jn2t})e6D}4 =

DI39DIIWNI ON >

LI E

DJIN2UO!UdDI =

9D1]990) HO-0-0 PSE È =

DUDIJ9SI9dS HO S

11913490] EE :

Qik (do) è

DI DBI11}S NO — <

CHE =

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SIDI EEG 2

DUIIGOSUOD HO =

SISU9MQDqUIZ +O do

J0}021Q ~~. ii

16,

ele |

Abb. 21. Linker od, von der Außenseite, der pa-

laearktischen Arten (a—i wie Abb. 18).

ne einzige Synapomorphie. Alle gemeinsamen

Merkmale sind Plesiomorphien.

Im Kladogramm 2 sind die angeführten Ver-

hältnisse bildlich dargestellt. Die benützten

Apomorphien sind: 7. Haken lang statt kurz; 8.

Haken endet in einem Dorn statt konisch; 9. In-

nenseite des id-Vorderteils nackt statt behaart;

10. distales Ende des id-Hinterteils differenziert

statt einfach oder reduziert; 11. Oberrand des

id-Vorderteils mit Haarsaum statt mit Kamm

oder statt ohne Kamm und ohne Haarsaum.

Die afrotropischen Arten excl. soror

Im Kladogramm 3 sind diese Arten geordnet

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 3, 1984

aufgrund einer Reihe von Apomorphien. Diese

sind: 12. zd-Hinterteil verkürzt (Abb. 19b—d,

vgl. auch Abb. 1—16); 13. sensorische Dornen

an der Vorderseite des 1d-Hinterteils sitzen zum

Teil auf verdickter Basis (vgl. Abb. 19b—d mit

19a); 14. sensorische Poren an der Innenseite

des :d-Hinterteils sitzen verstreut (bei allen Ar-

ten weiterer verwandter Artengruppen sitzen

sie nah aneinander auf einem abgegrenzten Feld

(vgl. Abb. 19c—d mit 19a—b und mit 18)); 15.

distales Ende des :d-Hinterteils an der Vorder-

seite zugespitzt statt kappenförmig (vgl. Abb.

19c—d mit 19b) (diese Apomorphie wird deut-

lich, wenn man das Feld mit den sensorischen

Borsten auf dem Stiel von soror, bicolor und

zimbabwensis betrachtet: dieses Feld ist oben

breit und abgerundet; bei Reduktion des dista-

len Endes des id-Hinterteils ergibt sich deshalb

eine Kappe (Abb. 19b) und nicht eine schna-

belförmige Spitze (Abb. 19c—d)); 16. innerhalb

der Kappe ist ein halbmondförmiger Auswuchs,

auf dem die sensorischen Borsten sitzen (Abb.

19b); (plesiomorph ist der Zustand bei lobeliae

(Abb. 19c)); 17. :d-Hinterteil am distalen Ende

zangenförmig (Abb. 19d); 18. zwischen Haken

und :d-Hinterteil steht ein abgerundeter, stark

behaarter Höcker (Abb. 20h) statt eines kaum

auffallenden (Abb. 20e—g); 19. ein kleiner,

scharfer Dorn an der Außenseite des id-Hinter-

teils (Abb. 2, 4, 5, 10, 15); 20. id-Vorderteil

ohne Kamm und ohne jegliche Behaarung; 21.

der kappenförmige id-Hinterteil ist an der

Außenseite dornartig vergrößert (Abb. 7, 14);

22. Kamm des id-Vorderteils vorne umgeschla-

gen (Abb. 7, 14); (kein Artefakt, denn sowohl

die zwei Exemplare von hollanderi und auch die

vier von strigata, die mir bekannt sind, haben

diesen vorne umgeschlagenen Kamm).

Die palaearktischen Arten

Im Kladogramm 4 sind diese Arten geordnet

aufgrund einer Reihe von Apomorphien. Diese

sind: 23. kissenförmiges sensorisches Feld vorne

an der Unterseite des :d-Vorderteils nach hinten

verdickt (Abb. 24b, c gegenüber a), hiermit zu-

sammen finden sich Differenzierungen am dis-

talen Ende des id-Seitenteils (Abb. 23); 24. dis-

tales Ende des :d-Hinterteils an der Vorderseite

abgeplattet, bei allen weiteren Arten, in denen

es nicht reduziert ist, ist es abgerundet (Abb.

24e gegenüber f); 25. Haken fließend, ohne

Höcker, mit dem id-Hinterteil verbunden (Abb.

20e gegenüber f, g, h), bei allen weiteren Arten

ist die Verbindung eckig oder mit Höcker; 26.

kissenförmiges sensorisches Feld liegt nicht an

THEOWALD: Die Untergattung Tipula

SSL 2 Erve

D C = Den Gs

= O ‘I è S u

Re oo 3 = Sing ® =

d © = = 3 = oo FRE

— + Se

x E SW Esch U Sr Ath c= S ©

a 31

fa 30

29 =

Ca 28

= Zn

a 26

El aa a 25

a a ia 24

Lo a 23

Kladogramm 4. Die palaearktischen Arten von Tipula (Tipula). B Apomorphien, O Plesiomorphien.

68 TijpscHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 3, 1984

DAN

Abb. 22. Distales Ende des linken zd-Seitenteils, von

oben, der afrotropischen Arten von Tipula (T.): a, bi-

color, lobeliae, soror, zimbabwensis; b, capnioneura,

eumecacera; c, lourensi; d, subaptera; e, flagellicurta;

f, loeffleri, speiseriana; g, strigata, h, hollanden, i,

consobrina, j, frater.

der Unterseite, sondern an der Aufenseite des

id-Vorderteils; 27. id-Seitenteil distal eckig an

das sensorische Feld anschließend (Abb. 23h, i

und 24b); 28. id-Hinterteil distal verlängert und

nach vorne gebogen (Abb. 18h, i); 29. id-Seiten-

teil distal pottfischzahnahnlich nach außen ge-

bogen (Abb. 23f, g); 30. id-Hinterteil mit

zahnförmigen Auswuchs an der Rückseite

(Abb. 18f); 31. kegelförmige Auswüchse auf

den sensorischen Poren dunkelgefärbt (bei allen

weiteren Arten der Untergattung Tipula sind sie

glashell).

Nicht benutzte Merkmale des Hypopygs

Einige, manchmal deutlich sichtbare Merk-

male des Hypopygs konnten nicht benutzt wer-

den.

a. — Adminiculum und Gonapophysen. Sie

sind von einfachem Bau und ein wenig nach

hinten gebogen, wie in vielen Artengruppen von

Acutipula. Zwischen den Arten der Untergat-

tung Tipula gibt es keine deutlichen Unterschie-

de. Bei den Arten der loveridgei-Gruppe sind

die Gonapophysen ein wenig kürzer und dün-

ner. Dieser Unterschied ist aber gering (siehe

[epee ii

f |

È i

Abb. 23. Distales Ende des linken id-Seitenteils, von

oben, der palaearktischen Arten von Tipula (T.) (a—1

wie Abb. 18).

THEOWALD: Die Untergattung Tipula 69

auch De Jong, in Vorbereitung).

b. — Vorsprung am Hinterrand des 9. Ter-

gits. Bei den afrotropischen Arten mit Synapo-

morphien 17—20 (Kladogramm 3) sind sie

die Basis meist schmaler. Der Unterschied ist

aber manchmal undeutlich, weshalb “breitba-

sig” als Apomorphie den Synapomorphien 17—

20 nicht angefügt ist. 7. soror und zimbabwensis

haben diesen bedornten Vorsprung geradlinig

abgestutzt (Abb. 12, 16). Wie das Merkmal

breit- oder schmalbasig zeigt sich auch dieses

Merkmal nicht immer gleich deutlich und, zu-

mal bei aufgeweichten Exemplaren, sind diese

Unterschiede manchmal gar nicht mehr zu er-

kennen.

c. — Od. Sie sehen meist etwas birnförmig

deutlich breitbasig, bei den anderen Arten ist

aus, sind aber bei mehreren Arten distal verbrei-

tert (Abb. 1, 3, 6, 9, 21). Die Verbreiterung

kommt nicht immer auf dieselbe Weise zustan-

de. Betrachtet man sie als Synapomorphie, dann

Abb. 24. a—c, distales Ende des linken zd-Vorderteils

und id-Seitenteils von oben von Tipula (T.): a, medi-

terranea; b, oleracea; c, italica; d—e, distales Ende

des id-Hinterteils von Tipula (T.): d, mediterranea

von der Seite; e, mediterranea Querschnitt; f, oleracea

Querschnitt.

werden viele der benutzten Synapomorphien zu

Konvergenzerscheinungen. Auch in weiteren

Untergattungen finden sich manchmal bei nah-

verwandten Arten od von sehr verschiedener

Form.

d. — /d-Seitenteil. Bei den meisten Arten

schließt er eng gegen den id-Vorderteil an, ist

vorne mehr oder weniger abgestutzt und hat am

distalen Ende an der Außenseite einen kleinen

Vorsprung (Abb. 22, 23). Bei vielen palaearkti-

schen Arten ist das sensorische Feld an der Basis

des id-Vorderteils nach hinten verdickt, und,

damit zusammenhängend, ist das distale Ende

des id-Seitenteils artcharakteristisch differen-

ziert (Abb. 24a—c). Die Art und Weise der Dif-

ferenzierung konnten bei diesen Arten als

Synapomorphien benutzt werden. Bei den afro-

tropischen Arten dagegen finden sich nur vier

auffallende Differenzierungen (Abb. 22g—}),

die sich für das Feststellen von verwandtschaft-

lichen Beziehungen unverwendbar erwiesen.

e. — Dorn oder Buckel auf dem Stiel des id-

Hinterteils. Bei den palaearktischen Arten itali-

ca, mediterranea, oleracea, orientalis und palu-

dosa findet sich basal an der Vorderseite des

Stiels des zd-Hinterteils ein mehr oder weniger

buckelförmiger Dorn (Abb. 18). Bei oleracea

und orientalis steht er immer an derselben Stelle

und hat eine ähnliche Form, bei den anderen

Arten aber nicht. Bei paludosa gibt es aus-

nahmsweise Exemplare ohne Buckel, bei medi-

terranea finden sich oft in einer und derselben

Population Exemplare mit und Exemplare ohne

Buckel. Das Vorkommen eines Buckels ist

sicher apomorph. Für Kladogramm 4 konnte

diese Apomorphie aber nicht benutzt werden.

f. — Behaarung der Aufenseite des id-Vor-

derteils. Eine Reihe afrotropischer Arten (Abb.

1,3, 557, 8, 9; 12, 14,15; 16) hat’eine mehr oder

weniger auffallende Behaarung an der Außen-

seite des id-Vorderteils. Manchmal sind es nur

wenige längere Haare, manchmal sind es kür-

zere Haare, die dann vielfach kissenförmig zu-

sammenstehen. Ein solches Kissen kann vor-

kommen am distalen Ende, in der Mitte oder an

der Basis des id-Vorderteils. Die Arten der lo-

veridgei-Gruppe haben den id-Vorderteil an der

Auftenseite unbehaart, und in der Untergattung

Tipula ist eine derartige Behaarung wahrschein-

lich eine Apomorphie. Sie wurde für das Fest-

stellen von Verwandtschaften in den Klado-

grammen 1—3 nicht benutzt, weil der Eindruck

besteht, daf eine derartige Behaarung konver-

gent bei mehreren Arten auftritt.

1984

italica errans

italica italica

orientalis

kleinschmidti

oleracea

mediterranea

atlantica

plumbea

@O— paludosa

@-@— subcunctans

Kladogramm 5. Zusammenfassende Übersicht.

70 TijpscHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 3,

a D

= 5 I

©) LO = 2 o È iS) =

à 2 8 © a È S SH oo

5 8 = = Te = RZ SÌ = ® S © 5 2 ©

XL Q L a È = 5 5 5 2 = =

2 i SR A i CO e NT PS

$s of Ge ae Mind Sd Gey aa eo ES SEEN

b c ef Oc c de g el

d g

a 30;

16 1

B Eindeutige Synapomorphien, @ Autapomorphien und

Hinweise auf Verwandtschaften, O Konvergent vorkommende Apomorphien.

Autapomorphien und weitere Hinweise auf

Verwandtschaften

In den Kladogrammen 1—4 sind keine Auta-

pomorphien verzeichnet. Als Synapomorphien

sind nur diejenigen benutzt, die eindeutig bei

den entsprechenden Arten vorhanden sind oder

nicht, und die nicht konvergent auch noch bei

einer oder mehreren weiteren Arten vorkom-

men. Nicht benutzt sind einerseits die vielfach

mosaikartig verstreut vorkommenden eidono-

mischen Merkmale, anderseits Merkmale des

Hypopygs, die entweder nicht eindeutig sind,

oder die konvergent vorkommen. Aufgrund der

benutzten Synapomorphien ist die Einteilung in

Artengruppen, wie in den Kladogrammen 1—4

durchgeführt, ziemlich sicher richtig.

In Kladogramm 5 sind die Kladogramme 1—

4 zusammengefaßt. Außerdem sind Autapo-

morphien zugefügt. Aufgrund von in den Kla-

dogrammen 1—4 nicht benutzten Merkmalen

sind einige Arten zusammengefaßt und einige

Artengruppen weiter aufgeteilt. Die dazu be-

nutzten Merkmale sind manchmal schwerwie-

gende, manchmal schwächere Apomorphien.

Sie sind im Kladogramm 5 nicht mit Ziffern

sondern mit Buchstaben bezeichnet und werden

nachfolgend besprochen.

Die beiden Unterarten von soror, die einander

fast ın allen Merkmalen identisch sind, sind zu-

sammengestellt (a). Eine Apomorphie für mas-

hona sind die 14-gliedrigen Fühler (b), die wir

sonst nur bei paludosa finden.

Es gibt keine Hinweise, aufgrund derer wir

bicolor und zimbabwensis zusammenfassen

können. Die auffallende orangegelbe Farbe von

bicolor ist wahrscheinlich plesiomorph. Wir fin-

den sie auch bei den Arten der loveridgei-Grup-

pe. Autapomorphien für zimbabwensis sind:

Tarsalklauen ungezahnt (c) und Augen unter

dem Kopf breit getrennt (d). Beide Apomor-

phien kommen konvergent auch bei einigen an-

deren Arten vor und sind dort im Kladogramm

THEOWALD: Die Untergattung Tipula 71

Karte 2. Verbreitung einiger afrotropischer Arten

von Tipula (Tipula): 1, soror soror, 2, soror mashona,

3, zimbabwensis, 4, bicolor.

5 mit denselben Buchstaben bezeichnet.

Mit Synapomorphie 16 stehen im Klado-

gramm 3 vier Arten ohne Synapomorphien

(consobrina, frater, loeffleri und speiseriana) ge-

genüber zwei Arten mit zwei Synapomorphien

(hollander: und strigata). Von diesen 6 Arten

sind consobrina und frater zusammenzustellen,

weil sie, den :d-Hinterteil ausgenommen, einan-

der sehr ähnlich sind und beide stark verkürtzte

Fühler haben, eine Apomorphie, die sonst in der

Untergattung Tipula nicht vorkommt (e). 7.

consobrina hat nachfolgende Autapomorphie:

Kappe des id-Hinterteils und Haken stark ver-

größert (f). Von den vier weiteren Arten haben

loeffleri, hollanderi und speiseriana die Tarsal-

klauen ungezahnt (c), eine Apomorphie, die so

verstreut vorkommt, daß man die drei Arten

nur auf sie begründet nicht zusammenfassen

kann. 7. loeffleri, hollanderi und strigata haben

lle die Augen unter dem Kopf breit getrennt

(d), eine Apomorphie, die viel weniger verstreut

vorkommt. Wir finden sie bei der isoliert ste-

henden zimbabwensis, bei allen Arten mit Syna-

omorphien 14—15, bei den drei plesiomor-

phen Arten atlantica, paludosa und subcunctans

und bei den Arten mit Synapomorphie 29. Die

breite Trennung der Augen unter dem Kopf

präsentiert einen schwachen Hinweis darauf,

daß die Arten loeffleri, hollanderi und strigata

nahe zusammengehören. 7. hollanderi hat die

konvergent vorkommende Autapomorphie:

Fühler verlängert (g).

Die Gruppe mit Synapomorphien 14—15 hat

für ihren Zusammenhang noch zwei, allerdings

nicht schwerwiegende, weil konvergent vor-

kommende, Apomorphien: alle zugehörigen

Arten haben die Augen breit getrennt (d) und

alle haben die Tarsalklauen ungezahnt (c). Eine

Autapomorphie von lobeliae sind die verlänger-

ten Fühler (g), wie sie konvergent bei mehreren

weiteren Arten vorkommen. Von den Arten mit

Synapomorphien 17—20 haben die beiden ein-

ander im Bau des Hypopygs fast identischen

Arten flagellicurta und subaptera in der basalen

Hälfte des id-Vorderteils an der Außenseite an

genau derselben Stelle ein Kissen kurzer, weißer

Haare (h), wie wir es bei keiner der weiteren

Arten der Untergattung Tipula finden, und das

Karte 3. Verbreitung einiger afrotropischer Arten

von Tipula (Tipula): 5, speiseriana, 6, loeffleri, 7, fra-

ter.

72 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 3, 1984

> |

Karte 4. Verbreitung einiger afrotropischer Arten

von Tipula (Tipula): 8, consobrina, 9, capmioneura,

eumecacera, flagellicurta, lourensi und subaptera, 10,

lobeliae, 11, hollanderı, 12, strigata.

damit eine schwerwiegende Synapomorphie

darstellt (siehe auch den vorigen Paragraph). Sie

haben überdies beide die Fühler verlängert (g),

was aber konvergent bei mehreren Arten vor-

kommt. Die beiden Arten capnioneura und eu-

Karte 5. Verbreitung von Tipula (T.) kleinschmidti.

mecacera haben als Synapomorphien: Fühler

sehr stark verlängert, fast bis zum Ende des

Hinterleibs reichend (t) und einen langen Dorn

an der Basis des :d-Hinterteils (1). Eine Autapo-

morphie für eumecacera ist ihre Größe (j), diese

Species ist viel kleiner als alle anderen Arten der

Untergattung Tipula. T. lourensi hat den Dorn

an der Außenseite des zd-Hinterteils ähnlich wie

flagellicurta und subaptera, d.h. kurz und breit-

basig (k), statt lang und schmalbasig wie capnio-

neura und eumecacera. Nur mit dieser schwa-

chen Begründung wurde lourensi zu beiden vor-

hergenannten Arten gestellt. Autapomorph hat

diese Art das erste abdominale Segment gleich

hell wie den Thorax und nicht, wie bei anderen

Arten, gleich dunkel wie das übrige Abdomen

(D.

T. kleinschmidti und mediterranea stehen al-

len Arten mit Synapomorphie 23 gegenüber. In

eidonomischen Merkmalen sind sie einander

nicht sehr ähnlich. Die zd beider Arten sind

aber, den Hinterteil ausgenommen, fast iden-

tisch (m) und deutlich verschieden von den id

aller übrigen palaearktischen Arten. Aufgrund

dieser Ahnlichkeit sind beide Arten zusammen-

gestellt worden. 7. kleinschmidti hat plesio-

morph sensorische Dornen an der ganzen Vor-

derseite des id-Hinterteils, mediterranea da-

gegen hat sie apomorph nur am distalen Ende,

wie die meisten palaearktischen Arten.

Die drei Arten atlantica, paludosa und sub-

cunctans haben nur eine gemeinsame Apomor-

phie, die aber in mehreren Gruppen auftritt: die

Augen sind unter dem Kopf breit getrennt (d).

Jede der drei Arten hat Autapomorphien. 7. at-

lantica hat einen etwa fingerförmigen Fortsatz

am distalen Ende des :d-Hinterteils (n) und

Karte 6. Verbreitung von Tipula (T.) mediterranea.

Treowarp: Die Untergattung Tipula 73

überdies die Tarsalklauen ungezahnt (c). Letzt-

genanntes Merkmal kommt in mehreren ande-

ren Arten vor. 7. paludosa hat das distale Ende

des :d-Hinterteils blasenförmig vergrößert (0)

und überdies 14 Fühlerglieder (b). Letztgenann-

tes Merkmal kommt sonst nur noch bei soror

mashona vor. T. subcunctans hat den Stiel des

id-Hinterteils verbreitert (p) und die Fühlerba-

salglieder schwarz (g). Beide Merkmale kom-

men nur bei dieser Art vor.

Von den beiden Unterarten von italica ist die

typische stärker apomorph; sie hat den id-

Haken am distalen Ende kolbenförmig ge-

schwollen (r).

T. oleracea ist in höherem Grade apomorph

als orientalis: sie hat den id-Vorderteil ha-

kenförmig verschmälert und ohne Haarsaum

(s).

Kladogramm 5 gibt die Zusammenhänge zwi-

schen Arten und Artengruppen der Untergat-

tung Tipula wider, begründet auf meist nicht

konvergent vorkommende stärkere und

schwächere Synapomorphien. Die in diesem

Kladogramm entholtenen, konvergent vorkom-

menden Apomorphien kommen alle auch in

weiteren Untergattungen und Artengruppen

Karte 7. Verbreitung von Tipula (T.) plumbea.

der Tipuliden konvergent vor. Die verwandt-

schaftlichen Verhältnisse zwischen den Arten

und Artengruppen der Untergattung Tipula,

wie in Kladogramm 5 dargestellt, sind somit

wohl ziemlich gut fundiert.

Zur BIOGEOGRAPHIE

Die Arten der Untergattung Tipula finden

sich über die gesamte palaearktische und afro-

tropische Region (Karte 1). Von den palaearkti-

Karte 8. Verbreitung von Tipula (T.) italica italica.

schen Arten ist eine (subcunctans) über das gan-

ze Gebiet verbreitet, kommen zwei (paludosa

und oleracea) im mediterranen Gebiet und

überdies im übrigen Europa vor, und sind die

meisten rein mediterran. Die afrotropischen Ar-

ten sind in ihrer Verbreitung auf die montanen

Gebiete Ostafrikas beschränkt, einige von ihnen

haben dort sogar alpine Verbreitung. Das

Hauptverbreitungsgebied läßt sich, wie folgt,

aufteilen: 1. Süden Afrikas: die Gebirge von

Kapstadt nach dem Norden bis zum Zambesi;

2. Zentralafrika: die Gebirge um den Viktoria-

See; 3. die Gebirge von Athiopien; 4. ostmedi-

terranes Gebiet: hauptsächlich Balkanhalbinsel

und Italien; 5. westmediterranes Gebiet: haupt-

sächlich Iberien und der palaearktische Teil von

Nordafrika. Die drei afrotropischen Gebiete

sind durch ausgedehnte trockene Steppen und

Wüsten von einander getrennt. Jedes hat seine

eigene charakteristische Fauna von Arten der

Untergattung Tipula, was darauf hinweist, daß

für diese Arten Austausch zwischen den ge-

nannten Gebieten schwierig ist (Karte 2—4).

Auch die beiden europäischen Gebiete haben je-

weils ihre charakteristische Tipula-Fauna, sind

aber deutlich weniger stark von einander ge-

trennt als die afrotropischen Gebiete (Karte 5—

13). Die Verbreitung mehrerer mediterraner

Arten in Italien und auf den mediterranen In-

seln ist unklar. Vielleicht sind diese Kultur-

schädlinge in diesem alten Kulturgebiet im Bal-

last durch den Menschen verschleppt worden.

Die Verbreitung von oleracea in Finnland (Kar-

te 13) ist nach Mannheims, 1954, 1964. Es ist

kaum vorstellbar, daß er sich in der Bestim-

mung geirrt hat. Es ist aber merkwürdig, daß

diese Art in Finnland sehr weit nördlich, in

74 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 3, 1984

Karte 9. Verbreitung von Tipula (T.) italica errans.

Skandinavien dagegen nur im äußersten Süden

vorkommt. Die Verbreitung von subcunctans in

Sibirien (Karte 10) ist unklar, weil dort nur we-

nig gesammelt worden ist. Wahrscheinlich ist

die Verbreitung dieser Art disjunkt und hat sich

das Areal ziemlich rezent ın einige Teilareale

aufgeteilt.

Aufgrund von Kladogramm 5 ist ein Areo-

gramm aufgestellt (Kladogramm 6). In diesem

ist statt des Artnamens die Verbreitung ver-

zeichnet. Übersichtshalber sind innerhalb der

Gruppen die Arten nicht alphabetisch geordnet

wie ın Kladogramm 5, sondern nach Verbrei-

tung: von links nach rechts die Arten aus dem

südlichen Afrika, Zentralafrika, Athiopien, dem

ostmediterranen Gebiet und dem westmediter-

ranen Gebiet. Damit ein Vergleich mit Klado-

gramm 5 erleichtert wird, sind die Namen der

Arten abgekürzt hinzugefügt. Das Areogramm

gibt keinen Anlaß zur Kritik an Kladogramm 5;

im Gegenteil, die dort angeführten Verwandt-

schaften, die größensteils auf deutliche Apo-

Karte 10. Verbreitung von Tipula (T.) subcunctans.

morphien, zum Teil aber auch auf schwächere

Hinweise begründet sind, finden im Areo-

gramm eine biogeographische Bestatigung.

Aus dem Areogramm läßt sich die Geschichte

der Untergattung Tipula ungefähr ablesen:

1. Durch Apomorphien 3—5 hat sich die

Untergattung wahrscheinlich im Süden von

Afrıka differenziert, wo wir jetzt noch die pri-

mitiven Unterarten von soror finden, und wo

auch die Arten der loveridgei-Gruppe heimisch

sind.

2. Differenziert durch Apomorphie 7, hat

sie sich von Südafrika über Ostafrika bis nach

Europa verbreitet. Im südlichen Afrika finden

wir noch die primitive zimbabwensis, in Athio-

pien die primitive bicolor. In Zentralafrika hat

die primitive Art sich durch Apomorphien 12—

13, in Europa durch Apomorphien 8—11 weiter

differenziert.

14—15 alle alpin und jene mit Synapomorphie

16 fast durchwegs montan sind, hat in Zentral-

afrika wohl eine oekologische Differenzierung

in eine alpine Art mit Synapomorphien 14—15

und eine montane mit Synapomorphie 16 statt-

gefunden.

4. Die alpine Art mit Apomorphien 14—15

hat sich wenigstens über die Gebirge östlich des |

Viktoria-Sees verbreitet, wo jetzt alpine Arten

auf Mount Elgon im Norden und am Kiliman-

djaro im Süden nachgewiesen und aufgrund |

dieser Verbreitung wenigstens auch auf Mount”

Kenia und Aberdare Range zu erwarten sind.

5. Die montane Art mit Apomorphie 16 hat

sich über ganz Ostafrika verbreitet, wo jetzt die

einander sehr ähnlichen frater im südlichen ı

Afrika, speiseriana in Zentralafrika und loeffleri:

THEOWALD: Die Untergattung Tipula 75

in Athiopien vorkommen. Erst- und letztge-

nannte haben sich in ihrer Region jeweils in

weitere Arten differenziert.

6. Die europäsche Art mit Apomorphien

8—11 hat sich aufgespalten in eine plesiomor-

phe westmediterrane Art und eine wahrschein-

lich ostmediterrane mit Apomorphie 23.

7. Die plesiomorphe westmediterrane Art

hat sich aufgespalten in die iberische klein-

schmidti und in die — aufgrund ihrer Verbrei-

tung wahrscheinlich ursprünglich nordafrikani-

sche — mediterranea. Letztgenannte hat sich

spater aber über das ganze westmediterrane Ge-

biet verbreitet.

8. Die angenommene ostmediterrane Art

mit Apomorphie 23 hat sich wohl wieder in eine

plesiomorphe westmediterrane und in eine ost-

mediterrane Art mit Apomorphien 24—25 auf-

gespalten.

9. Die plesiomorphe westmediterrane Art

hat sich erst über ein größeres Gebiet ausgebrei-

tet. Dann hat sich das Areal aufgeteilt und in je-

dem der Teilgebiete hat die Art sich weiter dif-

ferenziert. Jetzt finden sich drei jeweils hochdif-

ferenzierte Arten ohne wesentliche Synapo-

morphien: atlantica auf Madeira, paludosa

ursprünglich in Iberien und mit einer deutlich

nacheiszeitlichen Ausbreitung in Westeuropa,

und subcunctans mit Verbreitung von West-

europa bis Japan. Die heutige Verbreitung der

letztgenannten Art in Westeuropa ist nacheis-

zeitlich entstanden. Es fallt auf, daf es von die-

| ser Gruppe keine Art in Nordafrika gibt. Lebt

dort noch eine unbekannte Art, oder hat palu-

dosa vielleicht früher eine weitere Verbreitung

gehabt?

Karte 12. Verbreitung von Tipula (T.) orientalis

(auch Sudan, W. Darfur, Mts. Marra, 13°n.Br./

24°30'6.L.).

10. Aufgrund rezenter Verbreitung müssen

wir annehmen, daß die ostmediterrane Art mit

Synapomorphien 24—25 sich im ostmediterra-

nen Raum aufgespaltet hat in plumbea mit Apo-

morphie 29 und orientalis mit Apomorphien

26—28. Die heutige Verbreitung von plumbea

und nächsten Verwandten gegenüber orientalis

(Karte 7, 8, 9 und 12) läßt vermuten, daß sich

damals eine Art der Balkanhalbinsel gegenüber

einer kleinasiatischen differenziert hat.

11. 7. plumbea hat sich im italo-balkanischen

Gebiet in plumbea und italica, und letztgenann-

te wiederum in zwei Unterarten aufgespaltet:

italica italica in Italien italica errans auf der Bal-

kanhalbinsel und auf Korsika und Sardinien. In-

Karte 13. Verbreitung von Tipula (T.) oleracea.

nerhalb dieser Gruppe ist plumbea am meisten

plesiomorph und diese Art hat heute wohl nur

noch Relikt-Verbreitung (Karte 7).

12. T. orientalis hat sich stark ausgebreitet:

nach dem Osten bis Afghanistan, nach dem

Süden bis Sudan, nach dem Westen bis Iberien.

Im letztgenannten Gebiet hat sie sich weiter dif-

ferenziert zu oleracea, die sich später bis nach

Italien und nacheiszeitlich über Westeuropa bis

auf die Balkanhalbinsel ausgebreitet hat.

Die etwaige Differenzierung der Artengrup-

pen und Arten der Untergattung Tipula läfit

sich aufgrund des Areogrammes und der ge-

nauen Verbreitungsdaten auf Karte 2—13 ganz

gut erfassen. Offentsichlich hat es nur einmal ei-

ne große Verbreitung von Südafrika über Ost-

afrıka bis nach Europa gegeben (Apomorphie

7). Im afrotropischen Raum hat es später noch

einmal eine vergleichbare Verbreitung gegeben

(Apomorphie 16). In Europa dagegen hat sich

dreimal eine Art über das ganze mediterrane

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL.

76 3, 1984

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os DV Sl 5 o o ° DI = < Se) 2 a = = =

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u qe hs po) Sr Si ee Se Se Sa (8 ae S 2 ee OC On © 8 5 E 55 5 u d

v u 2X @ Gy) WE Ces CSR nm un oe & en LES LE En ve è En è

= = oe £ ro] = DE ve GY 02 vo © Dv a a a a Da vn U E RO UE E2 E

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21-22

17-20

14-15 16

12-13

Areogramm 1. Areogramm basierend auf Kladogramm 5.

Gebiet ausgebreitet (Apomorphie 8—11, 23 und

26—28), und einmal fand eine größere Ausbrei-

tung im ostmediterranen Raum statt (Apomor-

phie 24, 25), wo eine der Arten (orientalis),

südlich bis in das afrotropische Gebiet (Sudan)

gelangen konnte.

Genaue Datierung dieser Vorgange ist

schwierig, wenn nicht gar unmöglich. Palynolo-

gische Untersuchungen haben uns gelehrt, daß

es im Pleistozän nicht vier Eiszeiten und

Zwischeneiszeiten, sondern eine ganze Reihe

kälterer und warmerer Zeiten gegeben hat. Für

an gemaftigtes Klima angepafite Arten waren die

Kaltzeiten wichtig. In diesen Zeiten lebten diese

Species zurückgedrängt in südlichen Refugien,

wo Artbildung stattfinden konnte. In Klima,

das jenem von heute ähnelt, haben sie sich aber

wieder über ganz Westeuropa ausgebreitet. Für

die an wärmeres Klima angepaßten mediterra-

nen Arten waren die Wärmezeiten des Pleisto-

zäns wohl von größerer Bedeutung. Erst in sol-

chen Zeiten konnten sie sich über größeren Tei-

len Europas ausbreiten, womit bei Abkühlung

Zurückdrängen in ein west- und ostmediterra-

nes Refugium — und damit Artbildung — mög-

lich wurde. Heute sind die mediterranen Arten

— auch die mediterranen Arten der Untergat-

tung Zipula — noch deutlich in ihren Refugien.

Es gibt aber Hinweise dafür, daß wenigstens

einige mediterrane Tipuliden nacheiszeitlich ei-

ne größere Verbreitung gehabt haben. Sie kom-

men heute als Relikt noch irgendwo in Mittel-

oder Westeuropa vor, z.B. brunneinervis Pierre

(Eifel und Ardennen), longidens Strobl (Arden-

nen und bei Frankfurt/Oder), pilicauda Pierre

(Mittelfrankreich: Puy de Dôme), selenitica

Wiedemann (Umgebung von Paris), pustulata

Pierre (bei Frankfurt/Oder, im Harz und in der

Umgebung von Paris). Eine größere Verbrei-

tung können diese Arten nacheiszeitlich nur im

warmen Atlantikum gehabt haben (7.500—

5.000 v.h.), als es in Nordwesteuropa die höch-

sten nacheiszeitlichen Sommertemperaturen gab

(etwa 2° C höher als heute und etwa 18° C Mit-

THEOWALD: Die Untergattung Tipula 77

telwert). Sommertemperaturen von 18° C—

20° C fanden sich im Pleistozän etwa zehnmal

und für deutlich längere Zeiten als während des

Atlantikums. Aufgrund dessen ist anzunehmen,

daß mediterrane Arten sich im Pleistozän etwa

zehnmal über Europa haben ausbreiten können

und damit zusammenhängend etwa zehnmal

wieder in Refugien zurückgedrängt wurden.

Wir können aber nur fünf solche Vorgänge aus

Areogramm 1 ablesen (Apomorphien 8—11, 23,

2425, 26-28, 30—31). Dies bedeutet, daß

Arten der Untergattung Tipula sich wahr-

scheinlich wohl etwa zehnmal nach dem Nor-

den ausgebreitet haben, aber weniger Male beim

Anfang der Kaltzeiten in zwei isolierte Refugien

zurückgedrängt wurden. Nicht auszuschließen

ist aber, daß sie am Anfang einer Kaltzeit wohl

in ein zweites Refugium kamen, sich dort aber

nicht haben halten können. Vielleicht macht der

Vergleich einer Reihe von Areogrammen medi-

terraner Tipulidengruppen den Einfluß der

Warmezeiten des Pleistozäns auf die Verbrei-

tung von wärmeliebenden Insekten deutlicher.

Obwohl also genaue Datierung unmôglich

ist, ist es warscheinlich, daß die Aufspaltung in

Arten im palaearktischen Raum in den Kaltzei-

ten der zweiten Hälfte des Pleistozäns stattge-

funden hat. Die Aufspaltung der afrotropischen

Arten mit Synapomorphien 12—13 ist wohl

vom gleichem Alter. Das Entstehen der Unter-

gattung Tipula hat dann wahrscheinlich Anfang

Pleistozän oder Ende Tertiar stattgefunden, wie

auch Savtshenko (1966, 1979), wenn auch aus

ganz anderen Gründen, vermutet.

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——, 1977a. Die ungeflügelten afrikanischen Arten |

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neuen Art aus Ethiopien. — Bull. Zool. Mus. Un.

Amsterdam 6: 53—57. |

, 1977b. Die Tipuliden von Makaronesien. Ein ©

systematischer und zoogeographischer Beitrag zur

Kenntnis von Inselfaunen. — Beaufortia 26:

535 |

——, 1983. Tipula (Acutipula) schulteni nov. spec. aus |

dem afrotropischen Region. — Bull. Zool. Mus. —

Un. Amsterdam 9: 137—141. |

Tjeder, B., 1941. Some thirty additions to the Swedish |}

Fauna. — Opusc. ent. 6: 56— 63. |

——, 1953. The identity of: Tipula oleracea L. — |

Opusc. ent. 18: 111—115. |

Valy, A., 1982. Data to the knowledge of the Tipulids |

of Hungary. — Fol. ent. hung. 43: 251—253. |

Vermoolen, D., 1983. The Tipula (Acutipula) maxima —

group. I. Taxonomy and Distribution. — Bijdr.

Dierk. 53: 49—81. |

, (in Vorbereitung). The Tipula (Acutipula) maxi- |

ma group. II Phylogeny and Biogeography. — |

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Wiedemann, C. R. G., 1820. Diptera exotica. I—XIX, —

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MEEL 127 AFLEVERING 4 1984

TIJDSCHRIFT

VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE

UITGEGEVEN DOOR

DE NEDERLANDSE au na SEL EL an

ROM

7 led

INHOUD

JEAN BELLE. — A synopsis of the South American species of Phyllogomphoides,

with a key and descriptions of three new taxa (Odonata, Gomphidae), pp. 79—

100, figs. 1—40.

Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, deel 127, afl. 4 ‘Gepubliceerd 31-XII-1984

A SYNOPSIS OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF

PHYLLOGOMPHOIDES, WITH A KEY AND DESCRIPTIONS

OF THREE NEW TAXA (ODONATA, GOMPHIDAE)

JEAN BELLE

Onder de Beumkes 35, Velp, the Netherlands

ABSTRACT

A synopsis is given of the 25 representatives of the genus Phyllogomphoides Belle known

from South America. The species are classified into eight groups, and a key to these species

is given. Three taxa are introduced as new, viz., Ph. major (3 holotype and © allotype: Su-

rinam River, Surinam), Ph. pedunculus (8 holotype: Rio Uaupés, Amazonas, Brazil), and

Ph. pseudoundulatus (3 holotype: Rio Tapajós (Cachoeira I), Pará, Brazil). Descriptive and

corrective notes on some of the previously described species are offered. The holotypes of

Gomphoides fuliginosa Hagen in Selys and Gomphoides audax Hagen in Selys have been

restudied. A neotype has been designated for Gomphoides selysi Navás and the female is

described for the first time.

CONTENTS

Page

EE 2... 1.0... 79

Acknowledgements and disposition of material

ne EEE 80

A ES EE HOME 0... eee 80

Keys to the South American species of

BEBgempHoides. CUT... ... 81

ep... 83

Ph. fuliginosus (Hagen in Selys) ............. 84

Dr made (Elasent Selys) i... .......... 85

Rn NEE) ee toten eee 86

PET 31s | sor... 87

Mini Belle. oe 87

RREBERHON. Me. 87

rr En 88

Ehreristatas (Needham)..................-.- 89

UTILE CN N reede 89

D doneda(Selys) 5.2 . oi... ee we 89

Massiopera (Belle). ;\..} 2/1... 89

ee Se tete ese 89

ST oe dee: 89

Bernadalatus (Needham) … 90

ESET (Belle)... 90

Belle... .........2.....2200..... 90

elan Belle if. 90

Ph. pedunculus spec. nov. .................. 90

Ph. pseudoundulatus spec. nov............... 91

EE ero ip: reren boul. en ee 91

Ph semicircularis (Selys) …… 91

nae (Belle) c.c. 92

Mi Belle... al... 92

Cal ven! Group) Sinn 92

PE Cal oerty (RIED Ye ates I eee 92

Dan pos (Calvert) ten Tate. ARE RIEN 93

Parsmeularis Belle: ANNEE ARE WIS 93

ATIMCCECHS Groupee. ses oe hehe he EFECTO 93

Phranneciens(Sclys) tte Blase. ash. ae 93

Rharegulans(Selys)....=8 . zat irc de 93

Cornuutrens Groupe eee 94

Ph. cornutifrons (Needham) ................ 94

References me re eens Goats su rt 94

INTRODUCTION

The genus Phyllogomphoides Belle, 1970,

comprises about forty species distributed all

over the tropical parts of the New World, rang-

ing from South Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia

northward through Central America to the

southern and western borders of Texas in the

USA. The species are predominantly forest

dwellers, which avoid cultivated areas. Al-

though little is known of the ecology of any of

the species, such field observations as have been

recorded indicate that their larvae live in the

small and large streams which cross the forests.

Most of the males stay near the banks of the

streams which gave them birth, but the females

move into the forest and visit only again their

parent streams for ovipositing. Hence females

are particularly rare in collections. Of the 25

species known from South America, the females

80 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 4, 1984

of nine and the males of three species are un-

known. Our knowledge of the genus is decided-

ly scanty and it is virtually certain that several

species wait to be discovered in the extensive

jungles of the area involved. As Donnelly (1979)

recently treated the Central American represen-

tatives of this genus, I have confined myself to

the South American congeners in order to avoid

reiterations. Also it seems unnecessary to reca-

pitulate the generic characters of Phyllogom-

phoides since it has recently been compared

with Gomphoides by Gloyd (1973) and Belle

(1982), and with /diogomphoides by Belle

(1984).

Three new taxa have been detected, bringing

the number of South American representatives

of Phyllogomphoides up to 25. These three spe-

cies are here described under the specific names

major, pedunculus and pseudoundulatus. A neo-

type for Phyllogomphoides selysi (Navás) is des-

ignated as it appears necessary to stabilize its

identity. The previously unknown female of this

species is also described.

The Comstock-Needham nomenclature for

the longitudinal veins is used. With the excep-

tion of figs. 31 and 32, all illustrations are origi-

nal camera lucida drawings (details completed

by free hand) or have been made from photo-

graphs (wings), while the figures representing

colour patterns of the labrum and the pterotho-

rax are diagrammatic and not drawn on scale.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND DISPOSITION OF

MATERIAL STUDIED

I am indebted to many persons who have sent

specimens on loan. The material studied for the

preparation of this paper belongs to the institu-

tions and personal collections mentioned below.

The names are preceded by the acronyms used

throughout the text of this paper, those of the

collections in the institutions are proposed by

Heppner & Lamas (1982).

AC — Author’s collection.

ANSP — Academy of Natural Sciences, Phil-

adelphia; Dr. Daniél Otte.

BMNH — British Museum (Natural History),

London; Mr. Peter H. Ward.

CJ — Collection Jurzitza,

Prof. Dr. Gerhard Jurzitza.

Karlsruhe;

CM — Collection Machado, Belo Hori-

zonte; Prof. Dr. Angelo B. M. Macha-

do.

CU — Cornell University, Ithaca; Prof.

Dr. L. L. Pechuman.

FSCA — Florida State Collection of Arthro-

pods, Gainesville; Prof. Dr. Minter J.

Westfall, Jr.

IRSN — Institut Royal des Sciences Natu-

relles, Brussels; Dr. Georges Demoulin.

UCV — Instituto de Zoologia Agricola,

Universidad Central de Venezuela,

Maracay; Dr. Janis Racenis (f) and Mr.

Jorge De Marmels.

— Museum of Comparative Zoology,

Harvard University, Cambridge; Mr.

Charles Vogt.

RNHL — Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke His-

torie, Leiden; Dr. Pieter H. van Does-

burg.

USNM — National Museum of Natural His-

tory (formerly United States National

MCZ

Museum), Smithsonian Institution,

Washington, D.C.; Dr. Oliver S. Flint,

NHMV— Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna;

Dr. A. Kaltenbach.

— Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt-

am-Main; Dr. Heinz Schröder.

UMAA — University of Michigan, Ann Ar-

bor; Dr. T. W. Moore.

ZMHB — Zoologisches Museum, Humboldt

Universitat, East Berlin; Dr. Kurt K.

Günther.

ZMUH — Zoologische Institut und Zoolo-

gisches Museum, Universität von Ham-

burg, Hamburg; Prof. Dr. H. Strümpel.

SMF

Valuable information and help were also

given by Mr. Carl Cook (Center), Dr. M. G.

Emsley (Philadelphia), Mrs. Leonora K. Gloyd

(Ann Arbor), and Dr. Jean Legrand (Paris).

SYSTEMATIC SECTION

The genus Phyllogomphoides belongs to the

Gomphoidinae, together with the genera Pro-

gomphus, Aphylla, Phyllocycla, Gomphoides,

and /diogomphoides. It is a rather heteroge-

neous unit which is readily separated from Pro

gomphus in having the male anal triangle in the.

hind wing reaching the hind angle of the wing,

from Aphylla by the presence of two long flag

ellae at the glans of the penis, from Phyllocycla

in not having the outer side of these flagellae

fringed with microscopic serratures, and from

Gomphoides and Idiogomphoides in having, in

the hind wing of the male, vein A2, or a branch è

of it, convergent with vein A3 towards the wing \

margin. The larvae of Phyllogomphoides exhibit i

considerable differences in the structure of their

J. BELLE: South American Phyllogomphoides 81

labia, and there seems to exist some parallelism

with the morphology of the adult dragonfly.

Based on these labial structures the genus is di-

visable into at least three sections (cf. Belle,

1982). In the present study the species are divi-

ded into eight infrageneric groups, the proposed

groupings being based on similarities found in

the form of the caudal appendages and accesso-

ry genitalia of the adult male and the labium of

the larva. I am well aware that this division must

be considered provisional. At this stage, it is dif-

ficult to determine the natural position of these

groups within the genus since a given group fre-

quently appears to display close relationships

with several other groups. For the purpose of

idenufication, however, it is more convenient to

| keep the adults united and combine them in one

key. The species have several characters in com-

_mon but the great diversity in the male caudal

appendages and the genital organs shows that

they are not all closely related. This variety is

sufficiently indicated in the key to the species.

Separate keys have been prepared for the de-

termination of males and females. The keys

should be used with caution as a number of spe-

cies is known only from a single specimen or

from one sex. Identifications should always be

checked against the complete descriptions.

The groups have been treated in such a se-

quence as to allow expression of apparent

relationships. Within each group, however, the

species are treated chronologically. For each

species are given a list of references, drawings

and locality records, the new material studied,

and a description or descriptive notes. Refer-

ences without comments or critical remarks

have been omitted.

Table 1 lists all species presently known from

South America, including the new taxa intro-

duced in the present paper.

KEY TO THE SOUTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF

PHYLLOGOMPHOIDES

Males

(The males of audax, cornutifrons, and praeda-

trix are unknown)

1. Anterior hamules conch-shaped ..........

bea Ar neee Aant ontraden singularis

— Anterior hamules of other structure

2. Superior caudal appendages, in dorsal view,

tweezers-shaped; each appendage more or

Table 1. — Alphabetic list of names of the South American species of Phyllogomphoides, with type status and

type location.

Species Type

holo lecto lost neo Sex location

1. aculeus Belle, 1982 X d UMAA

2. andromeda (Selys, 1869) X 2 IRSN

3. angularis Belle, 1982 X 3 UMAA

4. annectens (Selys, 1869) x 3 IRSN

5. atlanticus (Belle, 1970) X 3 RNHL

6. audax (Hagen in Selys, 1854) X 2 ZMHB

7. brunneus Belle, 1981 X d FSCA

8. calverti (Kirby, 1897) X d BMNH

9. camposi (Calvert, 1909) X 3 ANSP

10. cassiopeia (Belle, 1975) X 3 USNM

11. cepheus Belle, 1980 X é CM

12. cornutifrons (Needham, 1944) X 2 CU

13. cristatus (Needham, 1944) X 3 CU?

14. fuliginosus (Hagen in Selys, 1854) X 9 MCZ

15. imperator Belle, 1976 X 2 UCV

16. lieftincki (Belle, 1970) X 3 RNHL

17. major spec. nov. x d RNHL

18. pedunculus spec. nov. X 3 CM

19. praedatrix Belle, 1982 X 2 UMAA

20. pseudoundulatus spec. nov. X 3 SMF

21. regularis (Selys, 1873) X 3 IRSN

22. selysı (Navás, 1924) (X) X X 3 ANSP

23. semicircularis (Selys, 1854) X 3 IRSN

24. singularis Belle, 1979 X 3 ESGA

25. undulatus (Needham, 1944) X 3 CU

10.

11,

. Anterior hamules

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 4, 1984

less straight over whole length but slightly

curving inward near apex

Superior caudal appendages, in dorsal view,

forcipate; each appendage strongly curving

Hw ard Sty er EEEN AMEDEE 5

. Pale collar of thoracic dorsum and second

pale antehumeral stripes absent or vestigial

andromeda

These stripes well-developed

. Face green with black band along free bor-

der of labrum cassiopeia

Face black with green markings on clypeus

and labrum cepheus

of very complicated

form, with bulbous frontal part, lateral leaf-

like expansion, and backwardly elongated

ABER SRR RT nt VE NI 6

Anterior hamules of more simple structure

EN RE DE 9

. Inferior caudal appendage very short and

deeplyjexciseany-shapedi a major

Inferior caudal appendage about half as

long as superiors and divided shortly be-

yond its base into two branches ......... 7

. Second pale antehumeral stripes and pale

metepisternal stripes absent or vestigial ....

IRR The AC. RG AED imperator

diese stapes well-deimedn ne 8

. Large species; abdomen 56—57 mm (incl.

caud. app.), hind wing 42 mm, costal edge

of pterostigma in fore wing 5.5—5.8 mm.

Pale basal marking of abdominal segment 7

covering far more than one-third of the seg-

ment selysi

Smaller species; abdomen 50—54 mm (incl.

caud. app.), hind wing 36—37 mm, costal

edge of pterostigma in fore wing 4.8—5.0

mm. Pale basal marking of abdominal seg-

ment 7 covering one-third of the segment ..

fuliginosus

. Superior caudal appendage with two ventral

Processesionprosimalhalf ............ 10

Superior caudal appendage without or with

a single ventral process on proximal half

bees N ee a UE

Lateral dilatations of abdominal segment 8

well-developed, leaf-like, and strongly con-

VER SERA ERLE RUN campost

Lateral dilatations of abdominal segment 8

narrow and parallel-sided on apical half of

séément. AE wor Es SANS AMON calverti

Superior caudal appendage with a long,

thin, finger-like basal-ventral spine...... 12

Superior caudal appendage without or with

a small basal-ventral spine or tooth ..... WZ,

12.

lS.

14.

(5?

16.

Superior caudal appendage strongly turning

downward to tip, apex obtuse ......... 13

Superior caudal appendage not turning

downward to tip, apex acute .......... 14

Length of penial cornua half the length of

abdominal segment 3. First pale antehumer-

al stripe broadly confluent with pale collar

(Hise TZ) Bee EU MATE: AM pseudoundulatus

Length of penial cornua two-thirds the

length of abdominal segment 3. First pale

antehumeral stripes isolated (fig. 16) .......

undulatus

Posterior margin of anterior hamules with

an acute hook. Subtriangle in hind wings

unerossed'. AE ONE ar E aes 15

Posterior margin of anterior hamules with

an excision. Subtriangle in hind wings

Crossed SAME, A TD BYR EO RA 16

Penial peduncle (seminal vesicle) slender

and excessively elongated, being about half

the length of abdominal segment 2 (fig. 36)

pedunculus

Penial peduncle shorter, being about one-

third the length of abdominal segment 2....

angularis

Superior caudal appendage with a superior

tooth at about two-thirds the length .......

atlanticus

Superior caudal appendage without superi-

OPLOO PAUL DE PAIS DINE aculeus

. Inferior caudal appendage well-developed

and divided shortly beyond its base into

two branches ........ ... el. la eae 18

Inferior caudal appendage very short and

excised more or less V-shaped ......... 19

. Cornua of penis distinctly shorter than me-

dian segment of penis (fig. 27). Inferior cau-

dal appendage with bottom of excision as

wide as length of either branch. … . regularis

Cornua of penis about as long as median

segment of penis. Inferior caudal appendage

with the length of either branch one and a

half times the width of bottom of excision

annectens

. Superior caudal appendage with a superior

tooth at about two-thirds the length .... 20

Superior caudal appendage without superi-

OF tooth en OL Me DES Re cristatus

. Anterior hamules notched at inner margin …

hea Heh EAA semicircularis

Anterior hamules notched at posterior mar-

BIO be AIDS LE TORRENT ANNEE EAN ESS 21

. Labrum with a pair of pale spots . lieftincki

Labrum entirely brown......... brunneus

J. BELLE: South American Phyllogomphoides 83

Females

(The females of aculeus, angularis, annectens,

atlanticus, calverti, camposi, pedunculus,

pseudoundulatus and singularis are unknown)

108

Frons with a pair of large horns ...........

cornutifrons

SR lar el 2

. Pale collar absent; first pale antehumeral

stripe more or less pear-shaped oblong...

EEEN andromeda

Pale collar present; first pale antehumeral

Stripe os. dikferentshape...........2.... 3

. Abdominal segment 8 with distinct lateral

en in nen 4

Abdominal segment 8 without or with no

evident lateral dilatations ............. 12

. Width of lateral dilatations of abdominal

segment 8 a quarter the middorsal length of

segment 8 or wider (figs. 5,8)........... 5

Width of lateral dilatations of abdominal

segment 8 one-sixth the middorsal length of

BERNIENBB OR NarrOwer un... unse 10

. Second pale antehumeral stripe and pale

metepisternal stripe present

These stripes undeveloped or vestigial

imperator

. Labrum largely pale, with a black band

Monsiree border . .. //,....1:.. cassiopeia

Labrum with a pair of pale spots ........ 7

. Vulvar lamina very widely excised; the ex-

cision more or less semicircular; the lobes

rather narrow and bluntly tipped..........

praedatrix

Vulvar lamina not very widely excised; the

TE OE 8

. Pterostigma 6—7 mm long; excision of vul-

var lamina more or less U-shaped (fig. 12);

width of lateral dilatations of abdominal

segment 8 nearly half the middorsal length

of segment 8 major

Pterostigma 5—6 mm; excision of vulvar

lamina more or less V-shaped; width of

lateral dilatations of abdominal segment 8

about one-third the middorsal length of

ERR 9

. Large species; abdomen 55—56 mm (incl.

cerci); hind wing 43 mm; lobes of vulvar

lamina with projecting postero-lateral cor-

ners (fig. 10) selysi

Smaller species; abdomen 51—53 (incl. cer-

ci); hind wing 37—38 mm; lobes of vulvar

lamina with round postero-lateral corners

(fig. 9) fuliginosus

. Large species; abdomen 50 mm (incl. cerci);

hind wing 43 mm; vulvar lamina relatively

small, its width about one-third the width

of ninth sternum (fig. 11) audax

Smaller species; vulvar lamina relatively

WIGEE TOR SRE RI Leto 11

11. Lateral dilatations of abdominal segments 8

and 9 equal in width; dorsum of prothorax

with a pale twin-spot.......... undulatus

Lateral dilatations of abdominal segment 8

twice as wide as that of abdominal segment

9; dorsum of prothorax entirely black .....

nta asia) nere Gare hkl arity? cepheus

12. Labrum black along free border... cristatus

Labrum pale, green of (reddish) brown

along irecibord ens mel ar nn Me 13

13. Labrum entirely (reddish) brown ...... 14

Labrum largely pale or with a pair of pale

SPORE EE RO aaa: 15

14. Dorsum of prothorax entirely black; vulvar

lamina excised V-shaped for two-thirds its

lensth iaia tao, semicircularis

Dorsum of prothorax with yellow twin-

spot; vulvar lamina excised V-shaped for

three-quarters its length ........ brunneus

15. Labrum (reddish) brown with a pair of pale

spots lieftincki

Labrum entirely or largely pale ... regularis

FULIGINOSUS GROUP

The members of this infrageneric group are

fuliginosus, audax, selysi, imperator, praedatrix

and major. They are bound together by several

striking features, in the adults as well as in the

larvae, and there are some grounds for believing

that a generic separation would be justifiable.

The characters not encountered elsewhere in the

genus are: (1) the regular division of both trian-

gles and subtriangles into four cells in the fore

wings and three in the hind (figs. 1—4); (2) the

very peculiar conformation of the anterior geni-

tal hamule of the male (cf. Belle, 1970a: 112); (3)

the aberrant form of the penial cornua, each

cornus having the tip truncate and the apical

margin concave (figs. 24, 25); (4) the different

development of the lateral dilatations of the

eighth abdominal segment in both sexes of the

same species, those of the female being some-

what better developed than those of the corre-

sponding male (from the same locality); and in

the larva, (5) the striking structure of the lateral

labial lobes having the inner margin smooth and

slightly expanded on the apical half, and the end

hook very large, sinuously pointed and sharply

incurved.

The members fuliginosus, audax, praedatrix

84 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 4, 1984

and major have the usual thoracic colour pat- .

tern but in selysi the pale markings are more ex-

tended and in imperator the second pale antehu-

meral stripe and pale metepisternal stripe are

undeveloped or vestigial.

The members of the fuliginosus group are

known from the Amazon Basin, Mato Grosso,

and the northern coastal area of South America.

There exists a certain confusion among some

members of the fuliginosus group. In 1894, Selys

referred ten specimens of Phyllogomphoides

from (British) Guyana to the species fuliginosus

and audax but expressed doubt about the cor-

rectness of his identification because he had not

seen the female holotypes of the two species

(loc. cit., page 178: “Il faudrait revoir les deux

types de Hagen pour arriver à une certitude a

cet égard”). Since I have been favoured to exam-

ine these types, I can set forth that the gom-

phids which he referred to fuliginosus belong to

an undescribed species, here introduced under

the specific name major, while the gomphids re-

ferred to audax are the true fuliginosus.

In the original descriptions (Selys, 1854), the

measurements given for fuliginosus are “abdo-

men 53 mm; hind wing 38 mm” and those of

audax “abdomen 49 mm; hind wing 44 mm”.

However, in Selys & Hagen’s Monographie des

Gomphines of 1858 the measurements “abdo-

men 49 mm; hind wing 44 mm” are (incorrect-

ly) associated with fuliginosus and the mea-

surements “abdomen 53 mm; hind wing 38

mm” with audax. Selys, probably confused by

this transposition, referred the species with the

largest wings (major) to fuliginosus and the spe-

cies with the smallest wings (fuliginosus) to au-

dax, a mistake in placement that has persisted

down to the present day. Selys, then, described

both sexes of major and fuliginosus under the

names Gomphoides fuliginosa and Gomphoides

audax, respectively. Needham (1944), apparent-

ly being misled by Selys’ misidentification, gave

a very detailed description and illustrations of

the male of major, in the belief that he had the

true fuliginosus in his hands. Belle (1970a), fi-

nally, trusting the identifications of the previous

authors, erected the genus Phyllogomphoides

with Gomphoides fuliginosa Hagen in Selys,

1854, as the type species, basing his generic di-

agnosis on characters found in the adult male

and larva of both major and fuliginosus but

thinking to have before him the species fuligino-

sus and audax, respectively. In size, major ap-

proaches audax but in its morphology, it differs

considerably from that species.

Phyllogomphoides fuliginosus

(Hagen in Selys, 1854)

(figs. 1,5, 9, 14, 20, 24, 38)

Gomphoides fuliginosa Selys, 1854: 74, 75 (55—56

sep.) — @ Essequibo, Chile = error pro Guyana

(cf. Ris, 1904: 16). Selys & Hagen, 1858: 450, 451,

463, 471—474 (190, 191, 203, 211—214 sep.), pl.

11 figs. 5a—d (@ occiput, genit. & apex abd.).

Navas, 1916: 70 (key). Belle, 1970a: 112 (type

species). Gloyd, 1974: 180.

Gomphoides audax; Selys, 1894: 176—178 (d ©

Guyana).

Phyllogomphoides audax; Belle, 1970a: 116—119 (4

Surinam), figs. (4 genit., app. & apex abd.; larval

struct.), pls. 15b (4 photogr. wings), 16b (pho-

togr. exuviae).

Material (in addition to that recorded by

Belle, 1970a under audax). — Guyana: Demer-

ara, 2 6, IRSN. — Venezuela: Territorio Feder-

al Amazonas, Sanariapo, 23 March 1957, 1 9, J.

Racenis leg. (No. JR-03098); Puerto Ayacucho,

15—21 November 1982, 1 &, A. Chacon & G.

Yepez leg. (No. 14420); same locality, 21 No-

vember 1982, 1 4, G. Romero leg. (No. 14421);

same locality, 28 October 1983, 1 ®, J. Sanchez

leg. (No. 14433), UCV.

The description of this species has been based

on a single female. The holotype, formerly

stored in the Museum of Copenhagen, is now in

the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cam-

bridge, Massachusetts (MCZ type No. 12378).

The female is dry pinned. The labels attached to

the pin of the specimen are “Hagen” (white la-

bel, printed), “fuliginosa” (white label, written),

“Essequibo, Schmidt” (white label, written),

and “Type 12378” (red museum label, printed).

I have added the pin label “Phyllogomphoides

fuliginosus (Hagen in Selys, 1854) comb. nov.

Holotype Rev. J. Belle, 1984”.

The type specimen lacks the abdominal seg-

ment 8 with the specifically distinctive vulvar

lamina. The tip of the abdomen (i.e. segments 9

and 10) is mounted on the label “Essequibo,

Schmidt”. The stylets (cerci) are broken off and

glued onto the apical part of the ultimate seg-

ment but not in the original position. Nearly all

hairs of the occipital ridge are broken off and

lost. The hind wing (fig. 1) is 38 mm long, its

greatest width 10.2 mm, and its pterostigma 6

mm (costal edge 5.6 mm). Other measurements

J. BELLE: South American Phyllogomphoides 85

are to be found in the Monographie des Gom-

phines under audax.

The labrum of the type has a pair of large,

subtriangular yellow spots (fig. 20). The occipi-

tal ridge is slightly concave (fig. 38), and there is

a large, yellow central spot on the rear of the

occiput. The venation of the wings is blackish

brown, including the frontal margin of the

costae. The nodal index is 14 : 21—

21 : 14/15 : 14—16 : 15 in fore and hind wings,

respectively. The hind wings have a two-celled

anal loop and the area posterior to vein Cu2 is

four cells wide with an extra cell for a fifth row

in the left hind wing. The veins Cul and Cu2

are slightly divergent towards the hind wing

margin, i.e. there are three marginal cells be-

tween Cul and Cu2 in the left hind wing and

four in the right.

In 1894, Selys gave descriptions (commu-

nicated by Mac Lachlan) of both sexes of fuligi-

nosus (under the name Gomphoides audax), the

descriptions being based on four males and one

“female from Guyana. After the descriptions he

enumerated the differences between fuliginosus

and major (under the names Gomphoides audax

and Gomphoides fuliginosa, respectively). Belle

(1970a) published illustrations of the male of fu-

liginosus (under the name Phyllogomphoides au-

dax).

| The two males in the Institut Royal des Sci-

ences Naturelles at Brussels may have belonged

‚to the Mac Lachlan collection. The pin labels of

these males read “Demerara” and “Gomphoides

|audax? Hag. 3”. One of the males has more-

Lover two pin labels “103”.

| Dimensions of fuliginosus. Males from Suri-

\nam: total length 65—69 mm; abdomen 50—

153.5 mm (incl. app. 3.4 mm); fore wing 37—38

‚mm; hind wing 36—37 mm; greatest width of

|hind wing 10 mm; costal edge of pterostigma in

\fore wing 4.8—5.0 mm. For the males from

Venezuela these numbers are 62—63; 49 (3.3);

134—35; 33—34; 9.5; 4.5—4.6. For the Venezu-

‚elan female from Sanariapa: 64; 51 (2.1); 38.5;

137; 1023513. For the Verfeznelan female from

Puerto Ayacucho: 62; 49 (2.5); 36; 34.5; 9.6;

i Di Thus we see that the specimens from Vene-

Phyllogomphoides audax

(Hagen in Selys, 1854)

@igse2;75.11,22; 39)

Gomphoides audax Selys, 1854: 75 (56 sep.) — © Bra-

zil. Selys & Hagen, 1858: 473, 474 (213, 214 sep.),

pl. 11 figs. 6a—d (2 occiput, genit. & apex abd.).

The description of this species has also been

based on a single specimen. It is a female proba-

bly taken in Pará, Brazil (cf. Selys, 1894: 178

“sans doute du Para”). The species seems to be a

rare gomphid, only the type being known so

far. The holotype, stored in the Zoologisches

Museum der Humboldt-Universitat at East

Berlin, is dry pinned. The pin labels are “2325”

(white label, printed), “Type?” (red label,

printed but question mark written), “Brasil”

(green label, written), “audax Hag.” (green la-

bel, written), “Zool. Mus. Berlin” (yellow label,

printed; on reverse side written “I”), and

“Gomphoides audax (Selys) Type?” (white la-

bel, written). The question marks are wrong

since this female is the only known specimen of

this species. I have added the pin label “Phyllo-

gomphoides audax (Hagen in Selys, 1854)

comb. nov. Holotype Rev. J. Belle, 1984”.

The type specimen is in a fairly good condi-

tion. The colour pattern of the pterothorax is

somewhat obliterated due to post mortem

changes. The first pair of legs and the left sec-

ond leg are missing. The right stylet (cercus)

and the tip of the left stylet are broken off and

lost. The lateral dilatations of the abdominal

segment 8 are narrow, the width being only

one-sixth the middorsal length of the segment

(fig. 7). The labrum is largely yellow (fig. 22); in

other members of the fuliginosus group with a

pair of yellow spots. The occipital ridge is al-

most straight (fig. 39) and there is a large, yel-

low central spot on the rear of the occiput. The

thoracic colour pattern is similar to that of fuli-

ginosus. The venation of the wings is blackish

brown, including the frontal margin of the cos-

= Ther nodal - „index: 1, day 2,21

: 13/13 : 16—15 : 13. The hind wings have

di anal loop three-celled, the area posterior to

vein Cu2 five to six cells wide, and the veins

Cul and Cu2 markedly divergent towards the

wing margin. The vulvar lamina (fig. 11) is rath-

er small; its breadth is nearly one-third the

width of the ninth sternum and its length is

two-sevenths of the length of the ninth sternum.

The posterior margin of the vulvar lamina is

more or less excised U-shaped. The dimensions

of the type are: total length 66 mm; abdomen 50

mm (incl. cerci); hind wing 43 mm; greatest

86 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 4, 1984

width of hind wing 11.5 mm; costal edge of pte-

rostigma in fore wing 6.0 mm. These mea-

surements are in agreement with those given in

the original description of 1854 and with those

given in the Monographie des Gomphines of

1858 for fuliginosus. The smallest of both spe-

cies is fuliginosus but the difference appears

greater than a mere comparison of hind wing

lengths might imply.

Phyllogomphoides selysi (Navas, 1924)

(figs. 4, 6, 10, 15, 21)

Gomphoides selysi Navas, 1924: 318, 319 (6, 7 sep.),

fig. (6 apex abd.) — d Iquitos, Brazil.

Gomphoides fuliginosa; Needham, 1944: 195 (9 Bra-

zil

mn ci A selysi; Belle, 1970b: 254, 255, fig.

(3 apex abd.).

Material. — Peru: Dept. Loreto, Amazon

River, San Juan (near Iquitos), August 1939, 2

3 (one of them neotype), Jose Schunke leg.

(purchased from Joseph Hocking), ANSP. —

Brazil: Amazonas, Amazon River (300 miles

below Iquitos), 1 2, USNM.

In 1924, Navas added a third member of the

fuliginosus group, selysi, from Peru, basing his

description on a single male collected in Pebas

at the Amazon River. No new record has ap-

peared in the literature until now. In the collec-

tion of the Academy of Natural Sciences of

Philadelphia there are two similar Peruvian

males from the nearby environment of Iquitos,

the type locality of selysi. Prof. Westfall (Gai-

nesville), who detected the gomphids in the

Philadelphia Academy collection, has generous-

ly turned them over to me for study. They cor-

respond closely with Navás’ description and

figure, except for the length of the insect and the

length of the abdomen. Both lengths are about 8

mm greater for the present males. But the mea-

surements given in that description, “Long.

corp. 62.5 mm Long. abdom. 48 mm”, are prob-

ably in error. It is virtually certain that one of

the middle segments of the abdomen (which

was obviously broken in fragments) was lacking

or neglected during the measuring since the dis-

parity in the length (8 mm) is about the length

of each of these middle segments apart. Navas’

selysi shows very close affinity with fuliginosus

and the question arises even whether selysi

should be considered a subspecies of fuliginosus

or not.

Neotype designation of Gomphoides selysi

Navás, 1924. — When I (Belle, 1970b) made a

study of the Neotropical Gomphidae described

by Navás, the holotype of Gomphoides selysi

could not be re-examined because its location

was unknown. Navás’ collections at the Jesuit’s

Colegio de Salvador in Zaragoza were partly

destroyed and the rest was divided up between

the Colegio in Zaragoza and the Museo de Zo-

ología at Barcelona (cf. Lieftinck, 1965: 56).

The late Prof. Dr. B. Elwood Montgomery

made a search for the types of Navás during his

European trip of 1968. In the Barcelona Mu-

seum he succeeded in locating the types of four

Neotropical Gomphidae out of five described

by Navás but failed with the type of selysz. I

have also written to the Museum of Zoology at

Ann Arbor, Michigan, as Williamson had accu-

mulated notes and drawings of types and speci-

mens of Phyllogomphoides with the intention of

monographing the genus. But in reply Mrs.

Gloyd informed me that Navás’ type of selysi

had never been sent to Williamson for study. |

She kindly sent to me a xerox copy of a letter

(dated December 15, 1931) to Williamson in

which Navás wrote: “J'ai décrit encore deux

espèces: Selysi du Pérou et Eugeniae de l’Argen-

tine; je ne les trouve plus. Je pense que le Selysi |

se trouve dans le Muséum de Paris...” When I

visited the Paris Museum in 1977 I ad not find |}

any gomphid that recalled to this type. Il}

therefore asked (June 17, 1983) Dr. Legrand to

make a search for it. This he kindly did but he:

wrote me on August 31, 1983 that all his efforts «|

remained ineffective. All in all, there is no rea--}

sonable hope that this type specimen is still ex--}

and fuliginosus, however, makes it advisable to}

stabilize the identity of Gomphoides selysii}

Navás, 1924. A neotype is therefore designated |

here. The specimen selected is one of the two}

males from Peru recorded above, with the fea- #

tures summarized below.

Dimensions: total length 72 mm; abdomen 566}

mm (incl. caud. app. 3.6 mm); fore wing 44 mm}

hind wing 42 mm; costal edge of pterostigma ini}

fore wing 5.9 mm. |

Pale collar confluent with pale middorsalijf

stripe and first pale antehumeral stripe. Thor

cic colour pattern shaped as shown diagrammarrif:

tically in fig. 15. Colour pattern of labrum simi-i

lar to that of fuliginosus. Lateral dilatations off

abdominal segment 8 very broad, the greatestijf i

J. BELLE: South American Phyllogomphoides

width of these lateral dilatations one-third the

middorsal length of the segment.

Venation of wings blackish brown but frontal

margin of costae with a fine yellow line. Nodal

index 15 : 21—22 : 16/16 : 16—16 : 14. Discoi-

dal triangle and subtriangle three-celled in hind

wings, four-celled in fore wings except for

three-celled triangle of left fore wing. Hind

wings with a two-celled anal loop, the veins

Cul and Cu2 sub-parallel and the area posterior

to Cu2 four (proximal) to five (distal) cells

wide.

The distinguishing features of the other male

are: dimensions as in neotype male but costal

edge of pterostigma in fore wing 5.5 mm; pale

collar not confluent with pale middorsal stripe

and first pale antehumeral stripes narrowed at

their conjunction with pale collar; venational

| characters of wings as in neotype but all discoi-

dal triangles and subtriangles in fore wings

| four-celled; nodal index 14: 21—20 : 14/

| 15 : 16—15 : 15.

Female (first description; colours somewhat

obliterated; tips of right wings broken off and

lost; abdomen bristled, broken between seg-

ments 4 and 5; lateral leaf-like expansions of ab-

dominal segment 8 eaten by tropical scavangers

(fig. 6); right cercus broken off and lost). — To-

tal length 72 mm; abdomen 56 mm (incl. cerci

3.2 mm); hind wing 43 mm; greatest width of

hind wing 11.5 mm; costal edge of pterostigma

in fore wing 5.8 mm.

Colour pattern resembling that of neotype

male but pale markings on labrum more round-

ed (fig. 21), first pale antehumeral stripes not

distinctly connected with pale collar, and pale

marking of abdominal segment 7 extended on

basal half of segment only.

Wings hyaline, venation dark brown includ-

ing frontal margin of costae. Membrane of

wings at base with brown patches reaching to

just beyond arculus (patches better developed

than in the present males). Discoidal triangle

and subtriangle four-celled in fore wings, three-

celled in hind wings. Supratriangle three-celled

in fore wings, two-celled in hind wings. Nodal

index 16 : 24—23 : 16/19 : 17—20 : 18. Second

anal interspace of hind wings with two rows of

cells but that of left hind wing with three mar-

ginal cells. Anal loop in hind wings two-celled.

Cul and Cu2 in either hind wing very slightly

diverging towards wing margin.

Vulvar lamina one-fourth as long as ninth

sternum, at base two-thirds the width of eighth

sternum, its posterior margin excised V-shaped;

the lobes with projecting corners, the interval

between lobes about 90° (fig. 10). Posterior

margin of lateral dilatation of segment 9 with

teeth. Stylet (cercus) somewhat longer than

middorsal length of ninth segment, pale for its

apical two-fifths.

Ph. selysi is stouter, more robust and larger

than its nearest ally, o The difference

in size is most striking. The consistent differ-

ences between the male caudal appendages of

both species are very slight. The lateral leaf-like

dilatations of the abdominal segment 8 are bet-

ter developed than in fuliginosus, the greatest

width of these expansions being one-third of the

middorsal length of the segment, in fuliginosus

only a quarter of the middorsal length of the

segment. The two males have the first pale ante-

humeral stripes confluent with the pale collar, in

fuliginosus they are not connected with the pale

collar. And finally, the pale basal marking of the

abdominal segment 7 reaches far beyond the

submedian transverse groove, while in fuligino-

sus only to this groove. The female differs from

fuliginosus in having the outer corners of the

lobes of the vulvar lamina more produced.

Phyllogomphoides imperator Belle, 1976

Phyllogomphoides imperator Belle, 1976: 197—200,

figs. (2 occiput, thorax, genit. & apex abd.) — ?

San Fernando de Atabapo, Venezuela.

Mr. Cook wrote to me on February 3, 1983,

that he had a male of imperator from El Inferno,

Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela. The

male’s colour pattern is essentially the same as

that of the female holotype of this species with

the second pale antehumeral stripe and the pale

metepisternal stripe undeveloped. In conforma-

tion, the male inferior caudal appendage resem-

bles that of fuliginosus and selysi by the presence

of well-developed branches. These data were

communicated by Mr. Cook, who has gener-

ously given me permission to use them to con-

struct the key for the genus. A description of

the male by him is in progress.

Phyllogomphoides praedatrix Belle, 1982

Phyllogomphoides praedatrix Belle, 1982: 3—5, figs.

(2 thorax, genit., frons & apex abd.) — 2 Abuná,

Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Phyllogomphoides major spec. nov.

(figs. 3, 8, 12, 23, 25, 40)

88 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 4, 1984

Gomphoides fuliginosa; Selys, 1894: 175—178 (d 9

Guyana). Needham, 1944: 195—197 (3 Surinam,

sub fuliginosus), pl. 15 figs. 8a—d (d genit., app.

& apex abd.). St. Quentin, 1967: 138.

Negomphoides fuliginosa; Racenis, 1970: 25, 26 (d

Venezuela), fig. (d apex abd.).

Phyllogomphoides fuliginosus; Belle, 1970a: 113—

115, 118, 119, figs. (d app. & apex abd.; larval

struct.), pls. 15a (6 photogr. wings), 16a (photogr.

exuviae). Geijskes, 1971: 665 (d French Guyana).

St. Quentin, 1973: 343 (& Pará, Brazil, sub fuligi-

nosa). Gloyd, 1973: 6. Donnelly, 1979: 247, 248.

Material (in addition to that recorded by

Belle, 1970a under fuliginosus). — Guyana: De-

merara, 2 6, IRSN. — Surinam: Surinam River,

Aroesobanja Falls, 5 January 1959, 1 © (in co-

pula), J. Belle leg.; Kabalebo River, Avanavero

(bank of river), 22 August 1973, 2 6, D. C.

Geijskes leg., RNHL. — Venezuela: Bolivar,

Canaima, 20 February 1958, 1 dg, J. Rácenis

leg; T. F. Amazonas, Cacuri del Ventuari, 21

February 1959, 1 &, Cruxent et al. leg; Bolivar,

Río Paramichi, 9 January 1962, 1 d, Brewer

leg; Bolivar, Región Alto Caura, Cuchine (300

mal Nprıl21963, INC MR Ersamerlocalionl2

April 1963, 1 d, all collected during Expedition

La Salle; Bolivar, Kanarakuni (450 m), 3 Feb-

ruary 1965, 1 d, Dr. Capriks leg; T. F. Amazo-

nas, Puerto Ayacucho, Estación de Piscicultura

Fonaiap, 3 February 1983, 1 6, G. A. Romero

leg.; Bolivar, Rio Caroni, San Francisco de Las

Babas, 7—13 April 1983, 1 d, J. de Marmels

leg., UCV.

In 1894, Selys published descriptions (com-

municated by MacLachlan) of both sexes of ma-

jor (under the name Gomphoides fuliginosa),

based on four males and one female taken in

Guyana. Needham (1944) redescribed in length

and illustrated the male of major (under the

name Gomphoides fuliginosa), basing his de-

scription on seven males from adjoining Suri-

nam. Belle (1970a) gave illustrations of the adult

male and a description of its larva from a reared

female under the name Phyllogomphoides fuligi-

nosus, all after specimens from Surinam.

In size, major can be compared with audax

but the females of these species show striking

differences. The veins Cul and Cu2 of the hind

wings are sub-parallel in major; they diverge

markedly towards the wing margin in audax

(figs. 2, 3). The lateral leaf-like dilatations of ab-

dominal segment 8 of major are much better de-

veloped than those of audax. The greatest width

of these expansions is nearly half the middorsal

length of segment 8; in audax only one-sixth

the middorsal length of segment 8 (figs. 7, 8).

The labrum of major has the usual symmetric

pair of yellow spots, while that of audax is

largely yellow (figs. 22, 23). The male of audax

is unknown but I think that it will present the

same characteristics.

The chosen holotype of major is a male la-

beled “Surinam”, “Surinam River, Gansee, 27

Sept. 1957, J. Belle leg.”, and “Phyllogom-

phoides major spec. nov. Holotype & Det. J.

Belle, 1984”. It is in the author’s collection but

eventually will be deposited in the Rijksmuseum

van Natuurlijke Historie at Leiden together

with all other types in his collection.

Some features of the holotype are: total

length 77 mm; abdomen 58.5 mm (incl. caud. |

app. 4 mm); fore wing 45.5 mm; hind wing 44

mm; greatest width of hind wing 6.5 mm; costal

edge of pterostigma in fore wing 6.3 mm. Vena-

tion of wings brown but frontal margin of cos-

tae yellow at base of wings. Discoidal triangle |

and subtriangle four-celled in fore wings, three-

celled in hind wings. Supratriangle three-celled

in fore wings, two-celled in hind wings. Nodal

index 15 :23—25 : 15/19 : 16—18 :17. Hind

wings with a four-celled (right) and five-celled

(left) anal triangle, with a two-celled anal loop,

with area posterior to Cu2 four to five cells

wide, and with two marginal cells between Cul

and Cu2 in either wing.

The males from Guyana may also have be-

longed to the MacLachlan collection. They have

the pin labels “B. Demarara” and “Gomphoides

fuliginosa Hag. 6”. One of the males moreover

has two pin labels “102”.

The other specimens formerly recorded by

me under the name Phyllogomphoides fuligino-

sus (cf. Belle, 1970a) as well as the present ones‘

should be considered paratypes. The superior

caudal appendages of the males from Venezuela

have the subapical, superior inner strip and them

inferior inner tooth at one-third length general-

ly longer and more acuminate than those of the

males from Surinam. |

CRISTATUS GROUP

The species cristatus does not fit satisfactorily /

into any of the groups discussed in this paper. Itt

is classified here as a separate group. Phyllo--

gomphoides cristatus resembles several other‘

species of the genus but it is aberrant in the male»

caudal appendages by the simplified structure of |

the superiors which lack any protuberance, and |

J. Berre: South American Phyllogomphoides 89

by the extremely reduced inferior. The penis re-

sembles that of the fuliginosus group but the ap-

ical margin of the truncate cornua is not con-

cave. The larva of this group and that of the an-

dromeda group and undulatus group, discussed

below, has the inner margin of the lateral labial

lobe armed with a few blunt teeth.

Phyllogomphoides cristatus is known only

from Surinam.

Phyllogomphoides cristatus (Needham, 1944)

(fig. 26)

Gomphoides cristatus Needham, 1944: 202—204, pl.

15 figs. 10a—c (4 genit. & apex abd.) — d Paroe

River, Surinam. Calvert, 1948: 65, 66. Lieftinck,

1971: 82.

Phyllocycla (Cyclophylla) cristatus; St. Quentin, 1967:

142; 1973: 346 (key).

Negomphoides cristatus; Belle, 1970a: 126—130, figs.

(d © apex abd; 9 3rd femur; larval struct.), pls.

17b (& photogr. wings), 18a (2 photogr. wings),

21a (photogr. exuviae); 1982: 2.

Phyllogomphoides cristatus; Gloyd, 1973: 6.

Only the location of the right pair of wings of

the male holotype of this species is known.

According to Needham (1944) the type should

be in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-

delphia, but the staff of this institution was not

able to locate it (Dr. Emsley 1966, pers.

comm.). As Needham made his studies of 1944

in the Cornell University, Ithaca (New York), I

wrote to Prof. Pechuman for information. He

| kindly made a search for the type in the Cornell

collections and on August 17, 1982 informed

me as follows: “Gomphoides cristatus. C.U.

Type No. 3070. & holotype, 2 wings only;

| probably Needham returned the rest of the

specimen to Philadelphia; there is no locality

data on slide with wings. © allotype in an enve-

lope; in our type book it is noted you saw the ©

allotype and said it was undulatus”. I have also

asked Prof. Westfall (Gainesville) for the

whereabouts of the type and he kindly replied

on November 9, 1982: “I had no record of any

specimen of Gomphoides cristatus Needham,

1944, in my notes. I have a list of all the type

specimens in the Philadelphia Academy collec-

tion when I was there and the name does not

appear in that list. I also made a list of the spe-

cies represented in the collection and it is not

there.”

ANDROMEDA GROUP

This group is composed of the three species

andromeda, cassiopeia and cepheus. The feature

possessed in common is the more or less twee-

zers-shaped conformation of the male superior

caudal appendages.

The wide range of andromeda is very strik-

ing; 1t covers the area from the northern coast of

South America to the northern regions of Ar-

gentina. The distribution of the other two mem-

bers of the group seems to be restricted to Para-

guay and the Brazilean State of Mato Grosso.

Phyllogomphoides andromeda (Selys, 1869)

(fig. 28)

Cyclophylla andromeda Selys, 1869: 194, 195 (31, 32

sep.) — 2 Caripi, Pará, Brazil. Calvert, 1948: 66

(andromache lapsus pro andromeda).

Phyllocycla andromeda; St. Quentin, 1973: 346, 347

(key; & Goiás, Brazil).

Negomphoides andromeda; Belle, 1970a: 145—150

° (8 ® Surinam), figs. (4 thor., occiput, genit. &

app.; d © apex abd.; larval struct.), pls. 19b (3

photogr. wings), 20a (2 photogr. wings), 21c

(photogr. exuviae). Geijskes, 1971: 665 (d 2

French Guyana). Lieftinck, 1971: 73.

Phyllogomphoides andromeda; Gloyd, 1973: 6. Belle,

1977: 291 (sub andromedae). Jurzitza, 1981: 117

(Argentina, sub andromedae). Belle, 1982: 2 (sub

andromedae).

Material. — Argentina: Missiones, Parque

Nacional Iguazú, Apepú, 22 January 1979, 1 ©

CORR 70M ezio

za leg. CJ. — Brazil: Pará, Rio Tapajós, Itaitu-

DAME OC PANIER RASE SS VIE

— Surinam: Coppename River, Raleigh Falls

(on light), 7 March 1972, 1 2, D. C. Geijskes

leg., RNHL. — Venezuela: T. F. Amazonas,

Piedras Pintadas, 8 March 1957, 1 d (teneral), J.

Racenis leg., UCV (No. JR—13219).

The present female from Surinam has the subtri-

angle in the right hind wing two-celled; the sub-

triangle in the hind wings of this species is nor-

mally open.

Phyllogomphoides cassiopeia (Belle, 1975)

Gomphoides cassiopeia Belle, 1975: 129—133, figs. (d

occiput, thor. & app.; 9 genit.; d 2 apex abd.) —

3 © San Pedro, Paraguay.

Phyllogomphoides cassiopeiae; Belle, 1980: 177.

Phyllogomphoides cepheus Belle, 1980

Phyllogomphoides cepheus Belle, 1980: 176—180,

figs. (d head, dorsum thor. & app.; d 2 apex

abd.) — d 2 Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil.

UNDULATUS GROUP

This group is made up of the six species un-

90 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 4, 1984

dulatus, atlanticus, aculeus, angularis, peduncu-

lus, and pseudoundulatus. The feature possessed

in common, which permits recognition of the

group, is the possession of a long, thin basal

spine at the inferior margin of each male superi-

or caudal appendage.

The group is chiefly Amazonian in its distri-

bution but two members, #ndulatus and atlanti-

cus, also occur in the northern coastal area of

South America.

Phyllogomphoides undulatus (Needham, 1944)

(figs. 16, 29)

Gomphoides undulatus Needham, 1944: 199—201, pl.

15 figs. 9a—e (d genit., app. & apex abd.), 203,

204 (2, under Gomphoides cristatus, cf. Belle,

1970a: 126) — & ® Litani River, Surinam; d Ma-

paoni River, Territorio do Amapa, Brazil.

Geijskes, 1964: 40, 41, fig. (2 apex abd.). St

Quentin, 1973: 344 (key; d © Pará, Brazil). Lief-

tinck, 1971: 118.

Negomphoides undulatus; Belle, 1970a: 131—133,

figs. (6 app. & apex abd.; 2 3rd femur; larval

struct.), pls. 18b (6 photogr. wings), 19a (? pho-

togr. wings), 21b (photogr. exuviae); 1972: 236.

Phyllogomphoides undulatus; Gloyd, 1973: 6. Belle,

1977: 291. Kiauta, 1979: 268, 269. Belle, 1982: 2.

Phyllogomphoides atlanticus (Belle, 1970)

Negomphoides atlanticus Belle, 1970a: 133—136, figs.

(3 occiput, genit., app. & apex abd.), pl. 20b (4

photogr. wings) — d Coppename River &

Brownsberg, Surinam. Lieftinck, 1971: 76.

Gomphoides atlanticus; St. Quentin, 1973: 344 (key).

Phyllogomphoides atlanticus; Gloyd, 1973: 6.

Phyllogomphoides aculeus Belle, 1982

Phyllogomphoides aculeus Belle, 1982: 5—8, figs. (6

thor., genit. & app.) — d Iquitos, Peru.

Phyllogomphoides angularis Belle, 1982

Phyllogomphoides angularis Belle, 1982: 8—11, figs.

(3 thor, genit. & app.) — d Porto Velho, Am-

azonas & Belém, Pará, Brazil.

Phyllogomphoides pedunculus spec. nov.

(figs. 18, 3336)

Gomphoides atlanticus; St. Quentin, 1973: 345.

Material. — Brazil: Amazonas, Rio Uaupés,

Taraquá, 18 August 1964, 1 d (holotype), Ma-

chado & Pereira leg., CM.

The specimen here recorded is No. 78 of St.

Quentin (1973), who provisionally placed it un-

der atlanticus. In fact the male belongs to a new

species which is very closely related to angula-

ris. It differs from atlanticus and agrees with an-

gularis by the uncrossed subtriangle in the hind

wings (fig. 34) and in having the posterior mar-

gin of the anterior hamules armed with an acute

hook (fig. 35). It differs from angularis in hav-

ing the first pale antehumeral stripes not con-

fluent with the pale collar and in having the

penial peduncle (seminal vesicle) excessively

elongated being about half as long as the second

abdominal segment (fig. 36); it is only one-third

the length of the second abdominal segment in

angularis. The superior caudal appendages are

not curved so very strongly mesad as in angula-

ris (fig. 33).

Male (holotype; thorax partly crushed; legs

broken off except for the right third leg; abdo-

men broken between segments 3 and 4). — To-

tal length 52 mm; abdomen 39.5 mm (incl. caud.

app. 2.0 mm); hind wing 30 mm; costal edge of

pterostigma in fore wing 4.0 mm.

A brown species marked with green, resem-

bling angularis.

Head brown, the following green: a large ob-

long spot on each side of labrum, basal half of

mandibles externally, anteclypeus, lateral sides

of postclypeus, and superior surface of frons for

its anterior half.

Prothorax with a middorsal pale twin-spot on

middle lobe. Thoracic colour pattern shaped as

shown diagrammatically in fig. 18.

Tibiae, tarsi and claws black. Lamina tibialis

of first tibiae one-third the tibial length.

Wings hyaline but extreme bases very slightly

flavescent. Wing venation blackish brown but

frontal margin of costae proximal to nodus with

a very fine yellow line. Nodal index 11 : 19—

20 : 12/13 : 15—15 : 11. Cubito-anal interspace

of either fore wing with an extra cross-vein at

level of arculus. Anal triangle in hind wings

made up of four (right) and five (left) cells.

Abdomen predominantly dark brown, the

pale markings green on basal segments, yellow

on other segments. Segments 1 to 6 with a pale

middorsal line which becomes very fine on apex

of 5 and on 6. Sides of 1 and 2 pale. Sides of 3 to

6 with pale basal spots which become shorter on

rear segments, successively, reaching to a point

three-quarters the way along the segment on 3,

and to a point a quarter the way along the seg-

ment on 6. Base of 7 pale to submedian trans-

verse groove.

Accessory genitalia and caudal appendages

shaped as shown in accompanying figures. Gen-

J. Berre: South American Phyllogomphoides SH

ital hamules pale, the chitinized tip of the hooks

brown. Penial peduncle brown, its posterior

margin deeply cleft and with a strong median

tooth on the bottom of the cleft. In profile, the

apical segments of the abdomen, including the

caudal appendages, are very similar to those of

angularis.

Phyllogomphoides pseudoundulatus

spec. nov.

(fig. 17)

Material. — Brazil: Pará, Rio Tapajós (Ca-

choeira I), May 1920, 1 d (holotype), A. H.

Fassl leg., SMF.

The resemblance between this species and un-

dulatus is so strong that on a superficial view

they can easily be confused. With the exception

of the penile organs, the morphological differ-

ences are very slight and they can better be

stated by direct comparison than by description.

The new species, here introduced under the spe-

cific name pseudoundulatus, is somewhat small-

er and more delicate than undulatus. The cornua

of the penis, when pressed close to the venter of

the abdomen, reaches to a point half-way be-

tween the base and the submedian transverse

groove of the third abdominal segment; in un-

dulatus to a point on level with these grooves.

The lateral dilatations of the abdominal seg-

ments 8 and 9 are twice as narrow as those in

undulatus. The superior caudal appendages of

both species are very similar in configuration

but those of pseudoundulatus are a trifle more

slender. The most striking difference in the col-

oration is found on the thoracic dorsum. In

pseudoundulatus the first pale antehumeral

stripe is wide and broadly confluent with the

pale collar, while in undulatus it is narrow and

does not reach the pale collar (figs. 16, 17).

Male (holotype; head partly and thorax com-

pletely hollowed out by scavangers; thoracic

colour pattern largely obliterated by post mor-

tem changes; fragmented). — Total length 53

mm; abdomen 41 mm (incl. caud. app. 2.1 mm);

hind wing 28 mm; costal edge of pterostigma in

fore wing 3.5 mm.

A brown specimen with pale markings, seem-

ingly yellow originally.

Face brown. Labrum with nondescript lighter

markings (in undulatus, black with a symmetric

pair of green spots). Base of mandibles pale.

Vertex dark brown. Occipital plate brown.

Prothorax blackish brown. Thoracic colour

pattern shaped something like in fig. 17. Tho-

racic dorsum dark brown with broad pale

stripes. Sides of pterothorax largely pale. Brown

midlateral stripe partly developed. Brown

femoral stripe indistinct.

Ventral side of femora pale (in undulatus, the

ventral side of the second and third pair of fe-

mora is blackish brown). Lamina tibialis of first

tibiae one-third the tibial length.

Flavescence at extreme bases of wings less de-

veloped than in undulatus. Reticulation of

wings less dense than in undulatus. Nodal index

13 : 18—17 : 10/12 : 13—13 : 12.

Abdomen predominantly dark brown, almost

black on middle segments. Segments 1 and 2

similar to those of #ndulatus but segments 3 to 7

lacking pale dorsobasal markings. Instead, the

‚sides of 3 are largely pale, medially interrupted

by black, and the sides of 4 are pale at both ends

only.

SEMICIRCULARIS GROUP

The species composing this large group are

very nearly allied inter se. Most of its members

occur in Central America. Three species, viz.

semicircularis, lieftincki and brunneus, belong to

the fauna of South America. However, there is

always a possibility that members known hith-

erto from Central America turn up in Colom-

bia, and conversely. Features possessed in com-

mon and not encountered elsewhere in the ge-

nus include the semicircular form of the male

superior caudal appendages and the crenate in-

ner margin of the lateral labial lobes of the larva.

The range of this group covers the whole area

of Central America and the northwestern part

of continental South America, southward to Bo-

livia.

Phyllogomphoides semicircularis (Selys, 1854)

(fig. 30)

Gomphoides semicircularis Selys, 1854: 75, 76 (56, 57

sep.) — d “South America”. Selys & Hagen,

1858: 469, 475, 476, 686 (209, 215, 216, 426 sep.),

pl. 12 figs. 1a—g (d occiput, genit., app. & apex

abd.). Fraser, 1940: pl. 6 fig. 5 (penis; cf. Belle,

19702; 1545) 1982:713), St. Quentin, 1962: 139,

150; 1973: 344 (key).

Negomphoides semicircularis; Belle, 1970a: 152—155,

figs. (3 thorax, genit., app. & apex abd.).

Phyllogomphoides semicircularis; Gloyd, 1973: 6.

Belle, 1982: 2, 3, 11—14, figs. (penis; © genit.; d

2 Colombia, Venezuela. Erratum: 13, line 12

from top: “eastern” should read “western”).

92 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 4, 1984

Phyllogomphoides lieftincki (Belle, 1970)

Negomphoides lieftincki Belle, 1970a: 154— 158, figs.

(8 thorax, app. & apex abd; d © genit.) — d 2

Tingo Maria, Huallaga River & Mishuyacu, Peru;

d 2 Chacara, Bolivia. Lieftinck, 1971: 97. Belle,

1972: 236, figs. (d dorsum thorax).

Gomphoides lieftincki; St. Quentin, 1973: 344 (key).

Phyllogomphoides lieftincki; Gloyd, 1973: 6.

Material. — Bolivia: Dept. Santa Cruz, Bue-

navista (400 m), November 1930, 2 d, Fr. Stein-

bach leg., UMAA. — Peru: Dept. Huánuco,

Shapajilla (630 m), 22 July 1938, 1 d, Felix

Woytkowski leg., UMAA; Dept. Huánuco,

Tingo Maria, November 1949, 1 6, H. A. Al-

lard leg., USNM; Dept. Junin, Prov. Jauja, Dis-

trict Andamarca, Satipo (750 m), January 1937,

1 g, K. Meskendahl leg., ZMUH; same locality,

no date, 1 6; April (no year), 1 d; June 1941, 1

3; May 1945, 2 d; June 1945, 1 d ; May 1947, 1

d, all Pedro Paprzycki leg.; Dept. Junin, La

Merced, Hda “La Salud” (3500'), no date (no

date on field envelope, but date on others in

same purchase are for March & June 1931.

Rec’d VIII-1943, via Pacific Coast Biol. Serv.

L. K. Gloyd), 2 à, Juan de Rivas S. leg.; Dept.

Junín, Sani Beni (840 m; 8 km east of Satipo), 9

December 1935, 1 ®, Felix Woytkowski leg.,

UMAA.

Phyllogomphoides brunneus (Belle, 1981)

Phyllogomphoides brunneus Belle, 1981: 173—176 (6

thor., apex abd., genit., app. & wings; 2 genit.) —

3 2 Macas & Limóncocha, Ecuador. Belle, 1982:

13.

Material. — Ecuador: Napo-Pastaza, C-Z

trail, between Campamento & Zatazyacu [From

Macintyre’s letters, this locality would seem to

be not far from El Partidero. L. K. Gloyd], 4

August 1935, 1 2; Napo-Pastaza, Puyo, 16

March 1957, 1 é (teneral), both William

Clarke-Macintyre leg, UMAA; Santiago-Za-

mora, Zumbi, Rio Zamora (Elev. 700 m, ca.

3°50’ S,. 78°26’ W), 25 October 1941, sie d,

UMAA; same locality, 29 October 1941, 1 d

(AC), both David B. Laddey leg. — Venezuela:

Tachira, Río Negro, 11—13 December 1980, 1

d, J. de Marmels leg., UCV.

Phyllogomphoides brunneus hitherto was

known from Ecuador only; its discovery in

Venezuela extends the range of this species con-

siderably eastwards.

The colour design of the thoracic dorsum va-

ries greatly in this species. The male from Vene-

zuela has the first pale antehumeral stripes cu-

neiform and broadly confluent with the pale

collar. The second pale antehumeral stripes are

reduced to a dorsal spot, a kind of reduction al-

so observed in the related congeners semicircu-

laris and lieftincki (cf. Belle, 1970a: 157; 1972:

231; and 1982: 14).

The Ecuadorian male and female from Napo-

Pastaza have completely undeveloped second

pale antehumeral stripes, while the first pale an-

tehumeral stripes are not connected with the

pale collar. The pale collar and antehumeral

stripes are weakly developed in the female, and

they are about twice as narrow as those in the

male.

One of the males from Santiago-Zamora is

stored in a triangular envelope with the field

note: “Sometimes found in deep woods, away

from water, D.B.L.”.

CALVERTI GROUP

In this group I place the two very closely re-

lated species calverti and camposi. The most

striking features in common are the fundamen-

tal similarity in the form of the male superior

caudal appendages and the penis. Each superior

caudal appendage has two inferior processes on

the proximal half while the preputial fold of the

penis (c.f. Fraser, 1940: 544) is much produced

ventrally (figs. 31, 32).

Tentatively I place singularis in this group as

well. I have long hesitated about its classifica-

tion as the male abdominal terminalia are un-

known. But judging from the conformation of

the accessory genitalia, singularis seems to fit

best into the calverti group. This disposition

may later be confirmed when better material be-

comes available.

The distribution of camposi is remarkable in

that it occurs in the western part of the Andean

Cordilleras while the other two members of the

group are known from the Amazon and eastern

Bolivia. Apparently the Andean watershed of-

fers no barrier to the spread of the group.

Phyllogomphoides calverti (Kirby, 1897)

(fig. 31)

Cyclophylla calverti Kirby, 1897: 613, 614, pl. 12 fig.

2 (6 whole insect) — d Pará, Brazil. Kimmins,

1969: 292,

Gomphoides calverti; Campion, 1920: 134— 136, 141,

pl. 6 figs. 6, 7 (d apex abd. & penis). Fraser, 1940:

pl. 6 fig. 6 (penis).

Phyllocycla calverti; St. Quentin, 1973: 346 (key).

Phyllogomphoides calverti; Gloyd, 1973: 6.

J. Berre: South American Phyllogomphoides 93

Phyllogomphoides camposi (Calvert, 1909)

(fig. 32)

Gomphoides camposi Calvert, 1909: 219—221, pl. 7

fig. 127 (d apex abd.) — d Quevedo, Ecuador.

Campion, 1920: 134—136, 141, pl. 7 figs. 8, 9 (3

genit.). Campos R., 1922a: 2, 31; 1922b: 86 (Pal-

enque & Quevedo, Ecuador). Navas, 1916: 71

(key).

Phyllocycla (Cyclophylla) camposi; St. Quentin, 1973:

346 (key).

Phyllogomphoides camposi; Gloyd, 1973: 6.

Phyllogomphoides singularis Belle, 1979

Phyllogomphoides singularis Belle, 1979: 39—41, figs.

(d thorax, 3rd tibia, genit. & detail wing) — d

Todos-Santos, Bolivia.

ANNECTENS GROUP

This group is composed of two closely linked

species, annectens and regularis. The two im-

portant features shared by these species are also

the fundamental similarity in the form of the

male caudal appendages and the penis. Each

male superior caudal appendage has a strong in-

ferior tooth at the extreme base. The penis is pe-

culiar in having the stem provided with an ob-

tuse apical, dorsal spine, in having the median

segment unusually stout and the cornua broad

and grooved (fig. 27).

The range of this group seems to be restricted

to the eastern regions of the South American

highland.

Phyllogomphoides annectens (Selys, 1869)

Gomphoides ? annectens Selys, 1869: 192, 193 (29, 30

sep.) — d Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Calvert, 1905: 152.

Gomphoides annectens; Selys, 1873a: 766 (38 sep.);

NSAID SOG (62 sep.). Calvert, 1909: 221. St.

Quentin, 1973: 344, 345 (key; d Minas Gerais, d

2 Paraiba, d Parana, 2 Mato Grosso).

Cyclophylla (Phyllocycla) annectens; St. Quentin,

1967: 140, 141, figs. (6 thorax, genit. & app.; ?

genit.; d 2 Rio Grande do Sul); 1973: 344 (key).

Negomphoides annectens; Belle, 1970a: 138—141,

figs. (4 genit. & app.; d Santa Catarina).

Phyllogomphoides annectens; Gloyd, 1973: 6. Don-

nelly, 1979: 261. Belle, 1982: 1.

Material. — Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul, no

date or collector, 1 ?, NHMV.

This species was decribed after two males as

may be apparent from the measurements given

in the original description “Abdomen 44—46.

Aile inférieure 37—38”. In the Selysian collec-

tion in Brussels there are three specimens placed

under Gomphoides annectens: (1) a male in

fairly good condition; it was selected as the lec-

totype by me (cf. Belle, 1970a); (2) a male, lack-

ing the abdomen, with the labels “P Br” (green

label), “Cyclophylla ? annectens. De Selys a ren-

voyer” (an old label in Selys’ handwriting),

“det. Selys Gomphoides annectens Selys” (a re-

cent white label in an unknown handwriting),

and “Paratypus” (red museum label); (3) a fe-

male, lacking the apical half of the abdomen,

with the labels “Para schl.” (green label),

“Gomph. annectens” (an old label in Selys’

handwriting), and “Paratypus” (red museum la-

bel). This specimen was called the allotype fe-

male of Gomphoides annectens by St. Quentin

(1967: 141). The female, however, belongs to

the genus Aphylla Selys.

The male lectotype of annectens is peculiar in

having the end segments of the abdomen dense-

ly covered with rather long, stuff hairs.

Phyllogomphoides regularis (Selys, 1873)

(ss 0181927337)

Gomphoides regularis Selys, 1873a: 765, 766 (37, 38

sep.) — d ® Carrancas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Navás, 1916: 71 (key). St. Quentin, 1973: 344

(key).

Cyclophylla (Phyllocycla) regularis; St.

1967: 133.

Negomphoides regularis; Belle, 1970a: 141—145, figs.

(d app.; d 2 genit.; 2 apex abd.; d © Santa Cat-

arina).

Phyllogomphoides regularis; Gloyd, 1973: 6. Donnel-

ly, 1979: 261. Belle, 1982: 1.

Quentin,

Material. — Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul, no

date or collector, 1 2, NHMV. Brazil ?:1 9

(teneral), Scheider (Berlin) leg., SMF.

The examples of this species recorded from

Santa Catarina by me (Belle, 1970a) differ from

those of Minas Gerais in having the prothorax

entirely dark brown, whereas in the (type) spec-

imens from Minas Gerais the prothorax is

largely pale with dark brown markings on the

middle lobe only. But the most striking differ-

ence is found in the thoracic colour pattern

which in the specimens from Santa Catarina is

composed of black, brown and white-green

stripes (fig. 19). This colour difference between

the thoracic stripes is also observed in annectens

but in less degree.

The present female from “Brazil ?” has the

same coloration as the (allotype) female from

Minas Gerais. The female from Rio Grande do

Sul was referred to annectens by St. Quentin but

94 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 4, 1984

is referable to regularis since the end segments

of the abdomen are scarcely provided with

hairs, a character displayed by the male holo-

type and female allotype of regulars. The ptero-

thorax of the female from Rio Grande do Sul is

completely eaten out by scavengers, while the

thoracic colour pattern cannot sufficiently be

studied because it is largely obliterated. St.

Quentin’s figure 5d of its vulvar lamina is quite

misleading. The excision is in fact much deeper.

The configuration of the vulvar lamina of this

female is as shown by my camera lucida draw-

ing fig. 13.

CORNUTIFRONS GROUP

The position of the sole member of this

group, cornutifrons, is not clear as long as the

male sex of this species is unknown. The pecu-

liar characteristic of the female, viz. the pres-

ence of a pair of large horns on the top of the

frons, has led me to keep this species in a sepa-

rate group.

Phyllogomphoides cornutifrons is known only

from the isle of Trinidad.

Phyllogomphoides cornutifrons

(Needham, 1944)

Aphylla cornutifrons Needham, 1944: 194, 195, pl. 14

fig. 6 (? frons) — 2 Tunapuna, Trinidad.

Negomphoides cornutifrons; Belle, 1970a: 150, 151,

figs. ( frons, apex abd. & 3rd femur).

Phyllogomphoides cornutifrons; Gloyd, 1973: 6.

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Hist. (6) 19: 598—617; pls. 12, 13.

Lieftinck, M. A., 1965. Macromia splendens (Pictet,

1843) in Europe, with notes on its habits, larva,

and distribution (Odonata). — Tijdschr. Ent. 108:

41-59, pl. 5.

Lieftinck, M. A., 1971. A catalogue of the type-speci-

mens of Odonata preserved in the Netherlands,

with a supplementary list of the Odonata types

described by Dutch scientists deposited in foreign

institutional collections. — Tijdschr. Ent. 114:

65—139; pls. 1—7.

Navás, L., 1914-1923. Neurópteros colombianos. —

Boll. Soc. Cienc. nat. (Bogotá), 1914: 141—148;

1916: 6—13, 21—29, 67—73, 105—110, 119—

121, 137—143, 150—154; 1919: 137—144; 1920:

169—176; 1922: 201—208, 233—240; 1923:

265—272, 279—280.

Navas, L., 1924. Odonatos nuevos o interesantes. —

Mem. Real. Acad. Cienc. Barcelona 18: 315—332.

Needham, J. G., 1944. Further studies on Neotropical

gomphine dragonflies. — Trans. Am. ent. Soc. 69:

171—224; pls. 1416.

Racenis, J., 1970. Los odonatos de la region del

Auyantepui y de la Sierra de Lema, en la Guayana

venezolana. 2. Las familias Gomphidae, Aeshni-

dae y Corduliidae. — Acta biol. venez. 7: 23—39.

Ris, F., 1904. Odonaten. — Ergeb. Hamb. Magal.

Samm. 9: 3— 44.

Selys Longchamps, E. de, 1854. Synopsis des Gom-

phines. — Bull. Acad. r. Belg. 21: 23—112 (3—93

sep.).

Selys Longchamps, E. de, 1869. Secondes additions au

synopsis des Gomphines. — Bull. Acad. r. Belg.

(2) 28: 169—208 (5—-45 sep.).

Selys Longchamps, E. de, 1873a. Troisiémes additions

au synopsis des Gomphines. — Bull. Acad. r.

Belg. (2) 35: 732—774 (5— 46 sep.).

Selys Longchamps, E. de, 1873b. Appendices aux

troisièmes additions et liste des Gomphines,

décrites dans le synopsis et ses trois additions. —

Bull. Acad. r. Belg. [2] 36: 492—531 (4787 sep.)

Selys Longchamps, E. de, 1894. Causeries odonatolo-

giques. — Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 38: 163—181.

Selys Longchamps, E. de & H. A. Hagen, 1858. Mo-

nographie des Gomphines. — Mém. Soc. r. Sci.

Liège 11: 257—720 (VIII + 460 pp. sep.); 23 pls.;

5 tabs.

St. Quentin, D., 1967. Die Gattung Gomphoides Selys

(Ordnung Odonata) und ihre Verwandten in der

neotropischen Region. — Beitr. neotr. Fauna 5:

132—152.

St. Quentin, D., 1973. Die Gomphidenfauna Sudame-

rikas. — Annin naturh. Mus. Wien 7: 335—363.

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 4, 1984

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Figs. 1—3. Right hind wing in Phyllogomphoides: 1, fuliginosus, Q holotype; 2, audax, ® holotype; 3, major, 9

allotype. Fig. 4. Left hind wing of first described ® of Phyllogomphoides selysi.

J. Berre: South American Phyllogomphoides 97

Figs. 5—8. Left profile view of apical segments of abdomen in Phyllogomphoides: 5, fuliginosus, 2 Venezuela; 6,

selysi, first described 2 (possible outline of dilatation indicated by dotted line); 7, audax, 2 holotype; 8, major,

2 allotype. Figs. 9—13. Ventral view of vulvar lamina in Phyllogomphoides: 9, fuliginosus, 2 Venezuela; 10,

selysi, first described 2; 11, audax, 2 holotype; 12, major, © allotype; 13, regularis, 2 Rio Grande do Sul, Bra-

zil.

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 4, 1984

20 23

Figs. 14—19. Thoracic colour pattern in Phyllogomphoides: 14, fuliginosus, 2 Venezuela; 15, selysi, d neotype;

16, undulatus, 5 Surinam; 17, pseudoundulatus, 3 holotype; 18, pedunculus, 3 holotype; 19, regularis, d Santa

Catarina, Brazil. Figs. 20—23. Colour pattern of labrum in Phyllogomphoides: 20, mi: ? holotype; 21,

selysi, first described 9 ; 22, audax, @ holotype; 23, major, © allotype.

J. Berre: South American Phyllogomphoides

igs. 24— 30. Right profile view of penis in Phyllogomphoides: 24, fuliginosus,

type Surinam; 26, cristatus, 3 Surinam; 27, regularis, d Santa Catarina,

ndulatus, 3 Surinam; 30, semicircularis, & Colombia.

3 Surinam; 25, major, 3 para-

Brazil; 28, andromeda, 3 Surinam; 29,

100 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 4, 1984

—

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Figs. 31, 32. Left profile view of penis in Phyllogomphoides: 31, calverti, 6 holotype (after Calvert in Campion,

1920); 32, camposi, 3 holotype (after Calvert in Campion, 1920). Figs. 33—36. Phyllogomphoides pedunculus,

3 holotype: 33, tenth abdominal segment and caudal appendages, dorsal view; 34, right pair of wings; 35, acces-

sory genitalia, ventral view; 36, the same, right profile view. Figs. 37—40. Occipital plate in Phyllogomphoides:

ite regularis, 2 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; 38, fuliginosus, ® holotype; 39, audax, ® holotype; 40, major, ®

allotype. |

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DEEL 127 AFLEVERING 5 1984

TIJDSCHRIFT

VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE

UITGEGEVEN DOOR

DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING

INHOUD

L. Móczár. — New and little known Mesitiinae from southern Europe and Africa

(Hymenoptera, Bethylidae), pp. 101—113, figs. 1—27.

Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, deel 127, afl. 5 Gepubliceerd 31-XII-1984

NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN MESITIINAE FROM SOUTHERN

EUROPE AND AFRICA (HYMENOPTERA, BETHYLIDAE)

L. MÓCZÁR

Hungarian Natural History Museum, Baross u. 13, H-1088 Budapest

ABSTRACT

Of the South European and African Mesitiinae (Bethylidae) 19 species and subspecies are

listed from new localities in the Mediterranean and Ethiopian regions, and from Southern

U.S.S.R. Six new species are described: Anaylax pardoi sp. n. (9), Clytrovorus suarezi sp.

n. (2), Metrionotus bekkeri sp. n. (6), Sulcomesitius grahamensis sp. n. (2), S. zambiensis

sp. n. (6), and Heterocoelia nikolskajae sp.n.(2 3).

INTRODUCTION

In spite of the increasing number of known

Mesitiinae species of the world, a raise from 35

(Kieffer, 1914) to 175 (Móczár, 1984), collec-

tions still yield numerous specimens which

prove to be new species or to represent new lo-

cality data. The present species were mostly col-

lected in the Mediterranean region and in the

southern territories of the U.S.S.R., and partly

in the Ethiopian region.

I received extensive help from many col-

leagues, to whom I express my sincere thanks:

C. van Achterberg (Leiden, the Netherlands),

M. Koponen (Helsinki, Finland), G. Pagliano

(Torino, Italy), J. Suárez (Almeria, Spain), V. I.

Tobias (Leningrad, U.S.S.R.), and H. Townes

(Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A.).

Anaylax pardoi sp. n.

(figs. 1—3)

_ Female. — Length 4 mm. Black, mandibles

and clypeus (except its basis), lower side of

| scape, anterior joint of antennae, anterior tibiae

partly, tarsal segments, both ends of femora yel-

lowish brown, rest brown; posterior margin of

pronotum, abdominal tergites dark reddish

translucent, sometimes last abdominal segments

partly yellowish brown. Wings short, reaching

‚at most to posterior margin of propodeum,

veins light brown. Body very sparsely covered

with light and short hairs.

‚Head elongated, remarkably longer than

‚broad (42 : 34), strongly broadened behind eyes

‚(viewed from above), nearly parallel just behind

eyes, lateral corners rounded (fig. 1), posterior

‚margin weakly arched, occipital carina very nar-

101

row; surface of head smooth, polished and fine-

ly alutaceous with scattered deep punctures (fig.

1) and with a row of denser punctures along

eyes, frontal sulcus narrow and short before an-

tennal sockets (on some paratypes less devel-

oped); ocelli very small, situated in an acute an-

gle, outer margins with a hardly visible deepen-

ing, ocelli separated from each other by half the

distance to the nearest eye (6:12); eyes re-

markably flat, elongated, distincly longer than

broad (15:12), separated from mandibles by

half their breadth (6 : 12) or by length of anten-

nal joint 2; anterior margin of clypeus weakly

arched, lateral sides parallel, surface raised into

a sharp high longitudinal keel. Antennal joints

except scape short, joints 2, 3, (fig. 1), and 13 at

most twice as long as broad, joints 4, 7—11 of

equal length, and 5 and 6 distinctly shorter than

broad, length (and breadth) proportions of an-

tennal joints 1—13 = 15 (6): 6 (3): 4 (3): 3.5

(3.5): 3.5 (4): 3.5 (4): 4 (4): 4 (4): 4 (4): 4 (4): 4

(4): 3.5 (3): 6 (3).

Pronotum about as long as broad (22: 22—

24), anterior corners rounded (fig. 1), posterior

margin weakly arched, surface sculptured like

head, longitudinal furrow absent. Mesonotum,

scutellum smooth, shining, alutaceous with few

punctures (fig. 2), parapsidal furrow not dis-

tinct, notaulices with sharp margins, gradually

converging towards scutellum. Propodeum

short, medially as long as half the transverse

diameter (14 : 14), all carinae and areas present,

only sublateral carinae weakly developed ante-

riorly (in one paratype also posteriorly on left

side), sublateral area alutaceous, partly finely

shagreened, shining medially (fig. 3), with a

102 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 5, 1984

short carina (fig. 2) and some wrinkles on ante-

ro-medial part, postero-lateral corners acute

without a separate spine (fig. 3), sometimes up

slightly raised. Lateral side of propodeum with

diagonal wrinkles. Episternum with a diagonal

groove below tegulae.

Abdomen smooth, shining, tergite 2 aluta-

ceous basally and polished with only some fine

punctures (fig. 2), tergites 3—6 alutaceous.

Male. — Unknown.

Holotype: 2, “Taurirt B. Sicar-Marruecos A.

Pardo! col 1078 (rhymes 1yp2N0.2569

Zool. Dept., Hungarian Nat. Hist. Museum,

Budapest). — Paratypes: 4 ? with the same lo-

cality and date (1 ©, Hym. Typ. No. 3695 Hun-

garian Nat. Hist. Museum, Budapest; 1 9, coll.

Suárez, Almeria, Spain; 1 ©, Rijksmuseum van

Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden; 1 ©, British Mu-

seum, Natural History, London).

I name this species in honour of the collector,

A. Pardo.

This species is related to A. moczari (Nagy,

1968) and A. mteger (Kieffer, 1906) but differs

chiefly by the head and pronotum, which is

smooth, shining, and with scattered deep punc-

tures (fig. 1), by the propodeum (fig. 3), by the

fine punctures on tergite 2 (fig. 2), by the largely

black colour, etc.

Clytrovorus suarezi sp. n.

(figs. 4, 5)

Female. — Length 3—4 mm. Black, anterior

half of clypeus and mandibles, lower side of an-

tennal joints 1—3, pronotum except three black

spots, mesonotum, tegulae and scutellum except

black anterior part, central area and posterior

vertical part of propodeum, trochanters, femora

apically, tibiae basally and apically, as well as

tarsal joints 1—3, brownish red, abdomen part-

ly dark reddish translucent. In one paratype the

three dark spots of the pronotum are largely

fused, and the lateral parts of the mesonotum

outside notaulices as well as scutellum largely

black; in two other paratypes the brownish red

colour extends over malar space, over the whole

pronotum, mesonotum and scutellum; more-

over, in a lighter paratype (Almeria), mandibles,

nearly the entire thorax, lateral side of propo-

deum and tibiae yellowish red, only propodeal

disc in lateral half and thorax below tegulae

black. Wings short, reaching only to propo-

deum. Body covered with sparse short, white

hairs.

Head elongated, distinctly longer than broad

(47 : 41), strongly broadened and nearly parallel

just behind eyes (viewed from above), lateral

corners rounded (fig. 4), posterior margin

weakly arched, surface smooth, polished and

finely alutaceous with scattered deep punctures

(fig. 4), and with a row of denser punctures

along eyes, frontal sulcus short, developed only

before antennal sockets; ocelli very small, situ-

ated in an acute angle, outer margins narrowly

excised, ocelli situated nearer to each other than

to nearest eye (8:12); eyes remarkably flat,

elongated, distinctly longer than broad

(17 : 14), separated from mandibles by a dis-

tance equaling length of antennal joint 2; ante-

rior margin of clypeus arched, lateral sides par-

allel, surface raised longitudinally into a sharp,

high medial keel. Antennal joints short, except

joints 1, 2 and 13, which are at least twice as

long as broad, joint 3, which is nearly one-and-

a-half time as long as broad; joints 4—9 hardly

longer than broad, 10—12 as long as broad;

length (and breadth) proportions of antennal

joints 1—13 = 18 (7): 7 (3.5): 5.5 (4): 5 (4.5): 5

(4.5): 5 (4.5): 5 (4.5): 5 (4.5): 5 (4.5): 4.5 (4.5):

4.5 (4.5): 4 (4): 7 (4).

Pronotum nearly as long as broad (24 : 25),

anterior corners rounded (fig. 4), lateral sides

only weakly, gradually diverging towards tegu-

lae, posterior margin slightly arched, surface

uniformly finely alutaceous and shining with

more scattered deep punctures than on head,

without a trace of longitudinal furrow. Mesono-

tum, scutellum alutaceous, shining, only with

very few punctures (fig. 4), parapsidal furrow

weakly developed, notaulices deeper, distinctly

convergent towards scutellum. Propodeum re-

markably short, as long as half the transverse

diameter (15 : 15), central carina distinct, medi-

an carinae hardly developed, and hardly percep-

tible, discal carinae parallel medially but diverg-

ing anteriorly and also posteriorly over less than

one-fifth of its length (fig. 4), sublateral carina

absent, lateral and transverse carinae well devel-

oped posteriorly, sublateral area with foveae of

rather larger size along anterior margin but with

smaller ones along lateral and posterior margins,

surface of sublateral areas moderately bending

postero-laterally towards spines and sharply ©

curved down along its whole lateral margin, be-

cause of this the lateral carinae lying conspicu-

Móezár: Mesitiinae 103

| Figs. 13. Anaylax pardoi sp. n., 2. 1, head and pronotum; 2, scutellum, propodeum and abdomen; 3, scutel-

lum and propodeum. Figs. 4—5. Clytrovorus suarezi sp. n., ?. 4, head and thorax; 5, abdomen. Fig. 6. Mesitius

| africanus africanus Kieffer, 2, head in frontal view. Fig. 7. Clytrovorus horvathi (Kieffer), ©, thorax. Fig. 8.

Mesitius ghilianii Spinola, 9, thorax.

104 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 5, 1984

ously deeper. Lateral spine hardly distinct, tips

slightly raised, lateral side of disc finely

wrinkled diagonally, its basis granulated similar

to episternum, latter with deep diagonal groove

below tegulae.

Abdomen smooth, polished, tergite 1 wich

only few very fine, 2 with some fine and scat-

tered punctures (fig. 5), tergite 2 basally, 3—6

finely alutaceous.

Male. — Unknown.

Holotype: 2, “Taurirt B. Sicar-Marruecos A.

Pardo coll. v.1973” (Hym. Typ. No. 3696 Hun-

garian Nat. Hist. Museum, Budapest). — Para-

types 17 2:2 © with the same data (Hym. Typ.

No. 3697—3698 Hungarian Nat. Hist. Mu-

seum, Budapest); 1 9, “La Joys Almeria J. Suá-

rez leg. 2.1v.60”, Spain (Hym. Typ. No. 3699,

Budapest); 1 9, “Taurirt B. Sicar-Marruecos A.

Pardo coll. 25.vi.1971” (Rijksmuseum van Na-

tuurlijke Historie, Leiden); 1 2 with the same

locality and collector, but data: “v.1972” (Hym.

Typ. No. 3700, Budapest); 2 2 with the same

data, but dated: “vi.1973” (coll. Suarez, Alme-

ria, and Hym. Typ. No. 3701, Budapest); 8 9

with the same date, but dated: “v.1974” (2 9

British Museum, Natural History, London; 2

©, coll. Suárez, Almeria; 2 9, coll. Nagy-Arga-

man, Yaffo, Israel; 2 ©, Hym. Typ. No. 3702—

3703, Budapest) and 2 © with the same data, but

dated: “vi.1974” (coll. Suárez, Almeria, and

Hym. Typ. No. 3704, Budapest).

I name this species in honour of the outstand-

ing specialist of Mutillidae, Mr. Javier Suarez of

Almeria, Spain.

This species is similar to C. zavadili (Hoffer,

1936), but differs by the shorter and obtuse

spine of the propodeum, by the margin of the

central area of the propodeum not being con-

vergent anteriorly as well as posteriorly, by the

lack of a small, rectangular fovea in this area, by

the colour, etc.

This species is related to C. horvathi (Kieffer,

1906) (fig. 7) but differs mainly by the head and

pronotum-mesonotum-scutellum not being

granulated, by the propodeum without an acute

spine, by the central area not being strongly

broadened anteriorly and not parallel-sided pos-

teriorly, by the surface of the sublateral area not

gradually bending down towards lateral margin

and spine, by the pronotum not having a deep

and narrow longitudinal furrow (fig. 7), etc.

Mesitius africanus africanus Kieffer, 1906

(fig. 6)

Mesitius africanus Kieffer, 1906: 401 (2).

Mesitius africanus africanus; Möczär, 1970a: 190, 192

(2).

Specimens examined: 1 2, Zoco el Arba,

Marruecos vi.1963 (Budapest); 1 2, San Roque,

Cádiz, J. Ramirez, 7.11.1976 (Budapest). 1 9;

Cadiz, J. de Ferrer 7.11.1976 (coll. Suarez, Al-

meria); 1 2, Algeciras, 15—22.iv.1926, Lind-

berg (Helsinki).

This species differs from M. cameroni camer-

oni Kieffer, 1906, chiefly by the only superfi-

cially punctured head (fig. 6), by the head being

slightly shining instead of mat, by the sublateral

area being scatteredly wrinkled and mat instead

of striated and shining, etc.

It was reported from Morocco (Kieffer,

1906), Spain (Kieffer, 1908), France (Picard,

1932), and Algeria (Móczár, 1970a).

Mesitius apterus (Cameron, 1888)

Epyris apterus Cameron, 1888: 171.

Mesitius apterus; Moczar, 1970a: 191 (2).

Mesitius apterus; Moczar, 1983: 203 (9).

Specimens examined: 2 2, Zoco el Arba Mar-

ruecos, vi.1963, Spain (Budapest and coll.

Nagy-Argaman).

This species is easy to distinguish from the re-

lated M. szaboi Méczär, 1970, by the longitudi-

nal furrow before the antennae, by the distinctly

concave lateral margin of the spoon-like keel of

the clypeus, as well as by tergite 2 being without

very fine scattered punctures.

It was reported from Gibraltar (Cameron,

1888) and Morocco, Jordan (Móczár, 1970a,

1983).

Mesitius ghilianii Spinola, 1851

(fig. 8)

Mesitius ghiliani Spinola, 1851: 73 (2).

Mesitius ghilianu; Moczar, 1970a: 190, 194 (2).

Specimens examined: 6 ©, Taurirt (Beni Si-

car): Marruecos, Melilla 7.vii. and 20.1x.1972,

v.-24.vi.1974, Spain (4 2 Budapest and 2 ® coll.

Suárez). — 1 2, Algeria, Buoira (= Bougie)

23.v.1981, leg. Boffa-Casale-Giachino-Risi-

Scaramozzino (Budapest).

The above specimens correspond to those de-

scribed from France (Móczár, 1970a: 190, 195)

but the length varies between 4.2—6.5 mm; the

Moczar: Mesitiinae 105

grooves of the ocelli are distinctly smaller than

those in the French specimens and similar to the

ones reported from Egypt (Moczar, 1983). In

addition to the description: the surface of the

sublateral areas (fig. 8) not shagreened nearly

over its whole surface but only on its anterior

half (1 2) and smoothly shining with only a

very fine trace of striae nearly on its whole sur-

face (5 2), pronotum not with fine but with dis-

tinct punctures (fig. 8), and length of head four-

fifths of its breadth. These differences are not

essential and fall within te variation of this spe-

cies.

This species was reported before from Sicily

(Spinola, 1851), Corsica (Marshall, 1874), Gi-

braltar (Cameron, 1889), Gallia (Dalla-Torre,

1898), Tunis, Algeria (Picard, 1932), Corfu

(Nagy, 1969) and Egypt (Moczar, 1983).

Metrionotus egypticus Moczar, 1974

Metrionotus egypticus Moczar, 1974: 174, 175 (2).

Metrionotus egypticus; Möczär, 1983: 204 (4 nov.).

Specimens examined: 1 9, Wadi Feran

4.11.1935 and 1 2 Helwan 11.11.1936, Egypt

(Budapest).

This species is closely related to Incertosulcus

soikai Móczár, 1970, from which it differs chief-

ly by the distinct and narrow longitudinal fur-

row of the pronotum, by length and breadth

proportions of the pronotum (12 : 19, instead of

mo: 19), etc.

It was reported from Egypt (Móczár, 1974,

Metrionotus bekkeri sp. n.

(figs. 9, 10)

Male. — Length 3.5 mm. Black, antennae,

| clypeus, mandibles, tegulae, legs and last ab-

| dominal segments yellowish brown, anterior

| half of mandibles, tarsal segments 1—3 yellow-

lish, pronotum posteriorly, tergite 1 in anterior

i half, lateral side of abdomen dark reddish

| brown, translucent. Wings normally developed,

‘fore wings hardly infuscated, veins and ptero-

‘stigma brownish, yellowish only basally. Body

‘sparsely covered with white hairs, antennae

with suberect hairs, latter distinctly shorter than

diameter of antennal joints.

Head one-fourth shorter than broad, remark-

ably broadened behind eyes (fig. 9), sides con-

ivergent (viewed from above), posterior margin

mearly straight, occipital margin narrowly im-

pressed; ocelli in a slightly acute angle POL-

: OOL = 4:5, outer margins of ocelli with

shining grooves; head shagreened, only weakly

shining with shallow, larger punctures (fig. 9),

frontal sulcus developed from fore ocellus up to

antennal sockets but interrupted medially; eyes

remarkably small, hardly longer than broad,

malar space as broad as the length of antennal

joint 3, or mandibles separated from eyes by a

distance of two-thirds length of eyes; anterior

margin of clypeus nearly straight with obtuse

lateral corners, sides parallel, surface raised into

a sharp high keel medially. Antennal joints slen-

der, 1 and 13 the longest, 3—7, as well as 8—10,

and 11 and 12 of equal length, joints 3—7 hard-

ly longer than 8—10, all joints at least twice as

long as broad, the pedicel excepted, which is

only 1.75 times as long as broad, length (and

breadth) proportions of antennal joints 1—13 =

HEIST ANDI Aa ens): 4 (1.5):

3.5 (1.2): 3.5 (1.2): 3.5 (1.2): 3 (1.2): 3 (1.2): 5

(1.2).

Pronotum hardly longer than three-quarters

of its breadth (9 : 11), anterior corners slightly

obtuse, lateral sides hardly convex medially and

strongly diverging towards tegulae, posterior

margin moderately arched, surface shagreened,

hardly shining, with scattered larger but shallow

punctures (fig. 9), longitudinal sulcus narrow,

ending before posterior margin, mesonotum

and scutellum shagreened, only moderately

shining, with few fine and scattered punctures

(figs. 9, 10), parapsidal furrow only in trace pre-

sent, notaulices deep, gradually converging to-

wards scutellum, longitudinal furrow absent.

Propodeum longer than half its transverse

diameter, central areas (fig. 10) well sculptured,

sublateral areas granulated, not shining, surface

of disc remarkably convex, postero-lateral cor-

ners lying conspicuously deep and slightly

acute, their tips raised, practically without a dis-

tinct spine. Episternum shagreened below tegu-

lae, behind transversal groove granulated latero-

ventrally.

Abdominal tergite 1 smooth, polished, with-

out punctures, 2 shagreened basally, with very

fine and scattered punctures medially and pol-

ished posteriorly.

Female. — Unknown.

Holotype: d, “Sarepta Bekker 66” (Lenin-

grad).

I named this species in honour of its collector.

This species is related to M. zuluensis (Móczár,

1971), from which it differs mainly by the an-

tennae being without dense proclinate hairs, by

106 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 5, 1984

ALI

i 51 À

ha 17

Figs. 9—10. Metrionotus bekkeri sp. n., d, 9, head, pronotum and mesonotum; 10, scutellum and propodeum:

Figs. 11—17. Heterocoelia nikolskajae sp. n. 11, scutellum and propodeum (®); 12, abdomen (£); 13, first

antennal joints (4); 14, propodeum (d); 15, abdomen (d), 16, head, pronotum and mesonotum (2); 17, head,

pronotum and mesonotum (à ).

Moczar: Mesitunae 107

the pronotum having no distinct spine, by its

larger size, by the ratio spine to length of pro-

podeum being not 2 : 11, etc.

Heterocoelia nikolskajae sp. n.

(figs. 11—17)

Female. — Length 5.3 mm. Black, antennae

(except the light brownish joints 6—13), ante-

rior half of mandibles and clypeus, legs, except

coxae brown basally, yellowish red, basal parts

of clypeus and mandibles as well as tegulae,

brown, hind femora and tibia yellowish brown,

abdominal tergite 1, lateral side of 2 and apical

segments posteriorly dark brownish red, trans-

lucent. Wings normal, fore wings only weakly

brownish infuscated, veins brown. Body and

eyes with sparse, white hairs.

Head as long as broad (28 : 28), distinctly

broadened behind eyes, sides gradually conver-

gent (viewed from above), occipital margin nar-

rowly impressed; ocelli in a rectangle, posterior

ocelli as far from each other as from nearest eye,

POL : OOL = 5:6, outer margins with shin-

ing grooves; head with very dense, larger but

not very deep punctures (fig. 16), spaces be-

tween punctures fused into more or less longi-

tudinal wrinkles, surface shining, frontal sulcus

well-developed above antennal sockets; eyes

large and rather convex, elongated, three-quar-

ters as broad as long (9 : 12), separated from

mandibles by a distance ot nearly two-thirds

length of eyes (7 : 12): anterior margin of cly-

peus moderately arched with obtuse corners,

raised into a sharp, high keel medially. Antennal

joints rather slender, scape very long, distinctly

‘longer than antennal joints 2 and 3 together,

joints 2—3 twice as long as broad and distinctly

longer than 4—12, all joints longer than broad

except 3—5, which are as long as broad, length

(and breadth) proportions of antennal joints

1-13 = 11 (4): 4 (2): 5 (2.4): 3.5 (3.5): 3.5 (3.5):

M: 325): 3 (2.5): 3.(2.5): 3.(2): 3: (2): 3

(2): 4 (2).

Pronotum about two-thirds as long medially

(excluding collar) as broad in front (13 : 18), an-

terior corners rounded, lateral sides parallel and

diverging from middle towards tegulae, posteri-

or margin nearly straight and broadly impressed

fig. 16), surface smooth, shining with dense

minute and few larger punctures in anterior

half, longitudinal furrow narrow and deep, es-

decially anteriorly. Mesonotum, scutellum

mooth, shining with minute dense punctures

fig. 16), parapsidal furrow narrow and rather

deep, notaulices broader and deeper with sharp

margins, strongly converging in anterior half,

parallel medially and diverging before posterior

margin. Longitudinal furrow of mesonotum, as

well as basal sulcus on scutellum, absent. Scutel-

lum with some larger punctures laterally. Pro-

podeum short, distinctly shorter medially than

half its transverse diameter (10 : 12) (fig. 11),

coarsely sculptured, all carinae present, lateral

sides parallel, moderately diverging, beginning

with spines, latter acute (viewed from above),

truncate from the side, short, only about as long

as one-third of length of propodeum medially

(4 : 11). Lateral sides of disc along upper margin

with a parallel wrinkle ending in vertical and

postero-lateral edge of propodeum before spine.

Sides of thorax rather coarsely sculptured, epis-

ternum with deep and broad groove below te-

gulae.

Abdomen smooth, tergites 1 and 2 polished, 1

with very fine punctures medially on dorsal side

(fig. 12), 2 finely granulated basally, with fine

and scattered punctures, except on side, and a

small area medially in front of posterior margin,

last tergites finely granulated with very fine

punctures. Sternite 2 with scattered, deep and

also minute punctures mixed with larger ones.

Male. — Length 3.6—3.9 mm. Coloration

similar to female, but mandibles, clypeus and

antennae entirely yellowish red, except apical

brown tip of joint 13 and the more brownish

coxae. Wings similar to female. Sparse white

hairs of body longer than in female. Antennae

with short, typical, proclinate hairs (fig. 13).

Head, ocelli correspond to female, POL-

: OOL = 4:5, sculpture of head finer, punc-

tures smaller and shallower (fig. 17), spaces be-

tween punctures not forming longitudinal

wrinkles, frontal sulcus shallower but also de-

veloped below fore ocellus, malar space nar-

rower, only one-third as long as eye (3 : 9). An-

tennal joints remarkably slender, joint 3 1.75

times as long as 2 (fig. 13), joints 1 and 13, as

well as 3—10 nearly of equal length, joints at

least twice as long as broad, except pedicel,

length (and breadth) proportions of antennal

joints 1—13 = 6 (3): 3.5 (2.5): 5.5 (2.5): 5 (2.5):

5 (2.2): 5 (2): 5 (2): 5 (2): 5 (2): 5 (2): 4.4 (2): 4

(2): 6 (2) (after allotype).

Pronotum similar to female (8 : 12), surface

moderately shining owing to rather dense small-

er and few larger scattered punctures (fig. 17), :

and to finely shagreened interspaces; longitudi-

nal furrow very shallowly developed anteriorly,

in one paratype (of same locality as allotype)

uniformly deep on its whole length, in other

108 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 5, 1984

paratype (Kondara) only posterior present.

Mesonotum, scutellum as in female. Propodeum

(fig. 14) remarkably longer than in female, near-

ly as long as half its transverse diameter

(8 : 8.5), lateral spine minute, as long as wide at

basis, tip projecting dorsally. Sides of thorax

with finer sculpture than in female. Tergites

similar to those in female, but tergite 2 with

more scattered, distinct and deep punctures (fig.

15), but sternite 2 with denser and deeper uni-

form punctures.

Holotype: 2, “Khodzha-obo-gari S skl. Gis-

sar xr. Nikolskaja, 29.vu.944”, Tadzıkskaja

S.S.R., NW from Dusambe (Leningrad). — Al-

lotype: dg, “Khodzha-obi-gari S skl. Gissar xr.

Nikolskaja 28.vi.944 (Leningrad). — Para-

types: 1 d the same data as holotype (Budapest,

Hym. Typ. No. 3705); 1 à, the same locality

but 17.viu.1944 (coll. Nagy-Argaman); 1 d,

“Kondara 11007 ma dr Varzob, “Tadzk:

Gussakovskij 19.vi.938”, Tadzikskaja S.S.R., 30

km NW from DuSambe (Budapest, Hym. Typ.

No. 3706).

I name this species in honour of the collector,

the late outstanding chalcidologist M. N.

Nikolskaja.

This species seems to represent a transitional

form between the genera Heterocoelia and Met-

rionotus. It can be included in Metrionotus on

the basis of the sculpture of the pronotum, but

it was nevertheless placed in Heterocoelia be-

cause of features of the propodeum and the

head, and also because of its relation to the

closely related species H. hungarica (Kieffer,

1906) and H. c. carceli (Westwood, 1874).

The female is easy recognizable by the black

head (except antennae, mouth parts and part of

clypeus), by the thorax and abdomen as well as

by the rather smooth, shining pronotum with

few larger punctures in anterior half, which dis-

tinguishes it from all other Heterocoelia species.

The male differs from H. hungarica by the

pronotum being not densely and coarsely punc-

tured and tergite 2; it differs from AH. c. carceli

especially by the pronotum usually being with-

out narrow and deep longitudinal sulcus and

without rather dense and larger punctures, as

well as by tergite 2, which has more scattered

and distinct punctures with larger smooth pol-

ished interspaces, etc.

Heterocoelia carceli carceli (Westwood, 1874)

Mesitius carceli Westwood, 1874: 166, pl. 31 fig. 9

(2).

Heterocoelia carceli carceli; Móczár, 1971: 306, 308,

314(9 6).

Specimens examined: 6 ®, Sarepta, Krasno-

darmejsk, Russian S.S.R., Bekker, 1866, 1867,

1868 (Leningrad) and 4 ©, 1 d with the same

data (Budapest). — 1 d, Dorzaband m. Lenko-

ran Talish Mountains, Azerbaidzhan S.S.R.,

coll. Veltishchev 21—26.vin.1938 (Leningrad)

and 1 & with the same data (Budapest). — 1 ©,

M. San. Aután. Málaga, v.1946, Cobos Sauchex

(Budapest).

Additionally this species has been reported

from the following territories: Mediterranean

coast and Austria (Kieffer, 1906), England

(Westwood, 1874), the Netherlands (Hoffer,

1936), Yugoslavia, Hungary (Moczar, 1971),

South Russian S.S.R. (Nagy, 1968), and

“Orient.” (Schulz, 1906).

Heterocoelia carceli obscura (Kieffer, 1906)

Mesitius carceli var. obscurus Kieffer, 1906: 411, 535,

545 (6) (incorrectly attributed to Snellen van Vol-

lenhoven).

Mesitius carceli obscurus; Kieffer, 1914: 303 (8).

Heterocoelia carceli carceli var. obscura; Móczár,

1971: 308, 315 (4).

The citation of Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1867 —

(Tijdschr. Ent. 10: 222) given by Kieffer (1904:

40) is incorrect, because neither in Snellen van

Vollenhoven’s paper (1867, p. 222-226!) nor in

any of his other publications any trace of the |

name “obscurus” has been found. Consequent-

ly, I propose to accept the opinion of C. van:

Achterberg (in litt.) that Kieffer is the author of |

obscurus. The first reference by Kieffer was,

based on a male. Kieffer (1906: 411, 535) in his,

catalogue mentioned neither a date nor a locali- «

ty, as he did for other species, which indicates)

that he had no printed source or specimen; per-

haps he received a letter from Snellen van Vol-

lenhoven near the end of his life, containing data i

on “obscurus”. On the other hand, Kieffer:

(1914: 303) recorded this species from “Hol-.

land”. In the Leiden collection there is an old la--

1) The single unnamed taxon really is a Proctotrupid, ,

not a Bethylid, according to fig. 4 in Snellen Van Vols

lenhoven’s paper of 1867.

Moczar: Mesitunae 109

bel, written by Snellen van Vollenhoven “obscu-

rus Voll.”. Unfortunately, the above four speci-

mens were collected in Italy and not in

“Holland”, they are females and not males and

clearly represent Heterocoelia nagyı Móczár,

1969, and not H. carceli (Westwood). After the

information kindly supplied by C. van Achter-

berg no male specimens of Mesitius carceli were

found in the collection, so the original material

is considered to be lost.

In the collection of Budapest (Hung. Nat.

Hist. Mus.) there is a male specimen, which per-

fectly corresponds to Kieffer’s description of

carceli obscurus, collected at the foot of the

Mountain Alps “Köszeg, Méhely”. I here desig-

nate this specimen as neotype (Hym. Typ. No.

3707 Mus. Budapest).

Kieffer’s description can be supplemented as

follows: frons and vertex differently punctured,

latter only with superficial punctures, inter-

spaces shagreened, hardly shining. Punctures of

pronotum with sharper margins than in carceli

carceli (Westwood). Tergite 2 slightly more

densely punctured than in carceli, but not so

deeply and densely as in halidayi (Westwood,

1874). Tergite 2 more extensively granulate bas-

ally than in carceli.

This subspecies is known from Hungary on-

ly.

Heterocoelia nagyi (Móczár, 1969)

Mesitius nagyi Moczar, 1969: 373 (9).

Heterocoelia nagyi; Moczar, 1971:

(28).

Heterocoelia nagyi; Nagy, 1972: 14 (8).

306, 307, 313

Specimens examined: 2 2, Piemont Asti, Gri-

bodo (Leiden). 1 ©, Italy, Gribodo (Leiden), 1

2, Pedem(onte), Gribodo (Leiden). 1 9, Borgo-

male, 25.vi.1982, Piemonte, Italia, leg. Pagliano

(Torino). 1 2, S. Benedetto Belbo, 26.vii.1980,

Langhe-Piemonte, leg. Pagliano (Budapest). 1

2, Paterna, Alpujarras (Alm.), J. Suárez (Buda-

pest).

This species was reported before from: Cor-

sica, Italy, France (Móczár, 1969), Greece

(Möczär, 1971), Greece: Insel Ka (Nagy, 1972).

Heterocoelia hispanica (Cameron, 1888)

Epyris hispanicus Cameron, 1888: 169 (2).

Mesitius hispanicus; Kieffer, 1905: 111.

Heterocoelia hispanica; Möczär, 1971: 306, 317 (9).

Specimens examined: 1 2, San Roque, Cádiz,

J. Ramirez (Budapest). 1 2, Montejaque, Mala-

ga, Espana, A. Pardo (Budapest).

Heterocoelia nigriventris; Möczär, 1971:

This species was described from Gibraltar

(Cameron, 1888). Further data are unreliable

Owing to erroneous synonymisation with Mesi-

tius carceli Westwood (Kieffer, 1906).

With certainty known from Spain only.

Heterocoelia nigriventris (Dahlbom, 1845)

Cleptes nigriventris Dahlbom, 1845: 1 (9).

Heterocoelia nigriventris; Dahlbom, 1854: 22.

306, 318

(2).

Specimens examined: 1 2, Tanger, Morocco,

2529 .iv.1926 Lindberg (Helsinki). 1 9,

Meknes, 570, 16.17.1963 (Budapest).

This species was reported from North Africa

(Dahlbom, 1845; Picard, 1932, etc.), and from

the Mediterranean coast (Marshall, 1874; Nagy,

1968).

Sulcomesitius capensis (Kieffer, 1911)

Mesitius capensis Kieffer, 1911: 455 (2).

Sulcomesitius capensis; Móczár, 1970b: 411, 413, 426

(®, d nov.).

Specimens examined: 1 ®, Grahamstown,

20.x.1970, S. Afr., leg. H. and M. Townes (Gai-

nesville, Florida).

Known from South Africa only (Kieffer,

1911; Móczár, 1970b).

Sulcomesitius consimilis Móczár, 1970

Sulcomesitius consimilis Móczár, 1970b: 411, 413, 430

(2d).

Specimen examined: 1 ©, Hluhluwe Game

Res., 13.x1.1970, S. Afr., leg. H. and M. Townes

(Gainesville, Florida).

This species was reported from South Africa

before (Móczár, 1970b).

Sulcomesitius erdoesi Móczár, 1970

Sulcomesitius erdoesi Móczár, 1970b: 413, 429 (5).

Specimen examined; 1 d, St. Lucia Estuary

15.xi.1970, S. Afr., leg. H. and M. Townes (Gai-

nesville, Florida).

It was reported from South Africa (Móczár,

1970b).

Sulcomesitius grahamensis sp. n.

(figs. 18—23)

Female. — Length 5.8 mm. Head and thorax

yellowish, partly. darker red with blackish spots

on upper side of antennae distally, on frons in-

110 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 5, 1984

cluding ocelli, on lower parts of head and on

lateral areas of propodeum; legs brownish or,

partly, lighter brownish red; abdomen black,

segments dark reddish, translucent posteriorly.

Wings rather short, reaching about the middle

of tergite 2, fore wings dark brownish infus-

cated except base, tip and a rather broad trans-

verse band outside of cells, veins dark brown,

pterostigma yellowish brown. Body covered

with sparse short white hairs, tergites without a

tuft of short white hairs (fig. 23).

Head distinctly longer than broad (58 : 50),

remarkably broadened behind eyes, sides

straight and distinctly converging, corners

rounded, occipital carina arched, margin nar-

rowly impressed; ocelli in a sharp acute angle;

hind ocelli separated from each other by a dis-

tance shorter than three-quarters of that from

eyes, POL: OOL = 7:9, outer margins of

ocelli with deep shining grooves; frontal sulcus

very short, frons weakly shining with rather

deep (fig. 18) and scattered punctures (com-

pared to S. masneri Moczar, 1984), interspaces

shagreened; eyes relatively larger, convex, lon-

ger than broad (21 : 18), separated from mandi-

bles by a distance of about four-fifth length of

eye (15:18); anterior margin of clypeus re-

markably protruding and nearly straight with

rounded corners laterally, surface raised longi-

tudinally into a sharp, high keel medially. An-

tennae short, flagellar joints slightly thickened

medially, antennal joints 1—3 slender (fig. 21),

jount 3 longer than 2, 7 longer than 5—6 or 8—

12, scape 2.5 times longer than broad, joints 2—

3 about twice as long as broad, 4—12 broader

than long, length (and breadth) proportions of

antennal joints 1—13 = 20 (8): 8 (4.5): 10 (5): 5

(B.D): 4565) 3A NSD) SC) HO) (0):

4(5):4(5):7 (4).

Pronotum 1.2 times broader than long

(34 : 28), anterior corners obtuse, sides nearly

parallel, slightly concave anteriorly, diverging

towards tegulae, posterior margin slightly emar-

ginate and shallowly impressed, surface sha-

greened, nearly granulated with larger punc-

tures than on head, longitudinal furrow remark-

ably deep and narrow. Mesonotum finely

shagreened, hardly shining, with scattered

punctures, parapsidal furrow and notaulices

well-developed and sharply margined (fig. 19),

longitudinal furrow shallow. Scutellum slightly

impressed medially, moderately shining. Propo-

deum short, as long medially as half its trans-

verse diameter before spine, lateral margins

gradually diverging backwards (fig. 20), spines

strongly acute (viewed from above and from the

side), shorter than two-thirds length of propo-

deum (14 : 23). All carinae and areas well-de-

veloped, sublateral areas finely transversely

wrinkled, sublateral carinae nearly straight, not

bending before posterior margin of propodeum,

because of this lateral area remarkably broader

before spine than in S. masneri. Side of propo-

deum wrinkled diagonally also with a parallel

longitudinal and stronger wrinkle below upper

and along posterior margins, fusing at base of

spine. Episternum coarsely sculptured with a

rather deep and broad furrow transversely be-

low tegulae.

Abdomen smooth, shining, tergite 1 polished,

only with very scattered punctures, tergite 2

granulated on its basal third (fig. 23), with dis-

tinct, not deep and rather dense punctures me-

dially and polished without any punctures on its

posterior third, except for a very small finely

alutaceous streak just along posterior margin,

sides with fine denser punctures to posterior

margin, except the broad polished and impunc-

tate ventro-lateral margin on its whole length

(fig. 22). Tergites 2—6 smooth, shining, partly

alutaceous and partly with fine scattered punc-

tures with semicircular impressions on posterior

margins. Sternite 2 shining, deeper punctured

only basally, more scattered medially and poste-

riorly.

Male. — Unknown.

Holotype: 9, “Grahamstown x-20-70 S. Afr.

H. and M. Townes” (Gainesville, Florida).

This species is similar to S. masneri Móczár,

1984 (reported from Sri Lanka) but differs

chiefly by tergite 2 being without dense and

deep punctures medially and without small pol-

ished area postero-medially, by the deeper and

more sparsely punctured head, by the shallow

and not well margined longitudinal furrow of

the mesonotum, by the antennal joints 2—3 be-

ing of different length, by the colour, etc.

Sulcomesitius zambiensis sp. n.

(figs. 24—27)

Male. — Length 4.3 mm. Black, apical half of

mandibles, hind tibiae partly on inner side, last

tarsal joints partly, posterior margins of tergite

2—3, segments 4—7, brownish red, partly dark

brown. Wings long, reaching to the posterior

end of abdomen, fore wings distinctly blackish

infuscated with broad lighter basis and a light

band outside of cells, veins dark brown. Body

sparsely covered with short, light hairs, anten-

nae with very short brown proclinate hairs.

Moczar: Mesitiinae 111

Figs. 18—23. Sulcomesitius grahamensis sp. n., 2. 18, head in front; 19, mesonotum, scutellum; 20, propo-

| deum; 21, antennal joints; 22, abdomen in lateral view; 23, abdomen. Figs. 24—27. Sulcomesitius zambiensis sp.

n., d. 24, head, vertex; 25, posterior part of head, pronotum and mesonotum; 26, abdomen in lateral view; 27,

| propodeum and abdomen.

112 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 5, 1984

Head as long as broad (28 : 29), remarkably

broadened backwards and parallel behind eyes

(viewed from above), posterior margin nearly

straight with very deep impressed row of irreg-

ular foveolae (figs. 24, 25), the larger ones situ-

ated behind ocelli; ocelli in a distinct obtuse an-

gle, POL : OOL = 5 : 6, outer margins of ocelli

with deep larger grooves (figs 24, 25); frontal

sulcus shallow; head with coarse deep and very

dense punctures, interspaces of vertex distinct

and granulate (fig. 24), especially between ocelli

and eye; clypeus semicircularly rounded and

raised as a longitudinal sharp and high keel me-

dially; eye very convex, slightly broader than

three-fourths its length (9 : 11), separated from

mandible by length of OOL or by hardly more

than half the length of an eye (6 : 11). Antennae

unusually thick and flattened, joints only slight-

ly longer than thick, except joints 1, 3 and 10—

13, inner sides of joints 5—10 curved, outer side

straight, outer tips of these joints acute apically,

inner ones rectangular, joints 2, 4—9 hardly

longer than broad, 1, 12—13 at least twice as

long as broad, length (and breadth) proportions

of joints 1—13 = 8 (4): 5 (4): 7 (4.5): 5.5 (4.5):

5.5 (4.5): 6 (5): 6 (5): 6 (4): 6 (4): 5 (3.5): 5 (3):

4.5 (2): 7 (2).

Pronotum only two-thirds as long as its

breadth anteriorly (14:21), anterior corners

sharply triangularly protruding (fig. 25) owing

to a wrinkle emerging on side and reaching cor-

ners, sides concave up to middle and diverging

backwards, posterior margin only weakly

arched, surface with very coarse, dense and

deep punctures, latter larger than on vertex, few

spaces granulated, longitudinal furrow deep and

broad only in front. Mesonotum shagreened,

hardly shining with scattered smaller and some

larger punctures, notaulices broad, very deep

and cross-wrinkled, parapsidal furrow weakly

developed, longitudinal furrow broad and deep,

developed only in posterior half (fig. 25). Scu-

tellum without median sulcus, with deep and

larger punctures. Propodeum strongly sculp-

tured, all carinae well-developed, areas trans-

versely wrinkled, propodeum as long medially

as half transversal breadth of disc (14 : 13.5),

lateral spine remarkably acute (fig. 27), also

when viewed side and conspicuously long, near-

ly as long as four-fifth length of propodeum

medially (11:14), side of propodeum with

dense and larger not deep punctures, with a

strong parallel wrinkle along upper and posteri-

or margins, fusing into spine, this area strongly

cross-wrinkled. Episternum strongly punctate

with a diagonal deep groove below tegulae.

Abdomen smooth, shining, tergite 1 polished

with scattered distinct punctures medially and

laterally, tergite 2 granulated basally with rather

deep and rather dense punctures medially (fig.

27), with denser punctures laterally except the

polished antero-lateral triangle (fig. 26) and the

medio-posterior area. Last tergites distinctly

punctured. Sternite 2 with deep dense punc-

tures.

Female. — Unknown.

Holotype: 4, “Zambia Africa Copperbelt Pr.

Mwekera 323 1 1982 J. Selander leg.” from

Dept. Agr. Forest., Zool. Univ. Helsinki in ex-

change in Budapest (Hym. Typ. No. 3708).

This species is closely related to S. townesia-

nus Moczar, 1983, but differs chiefly by tergite

2 being without sparse punctures laterally be-

fore ventro-lateral polished margin, by the ocel-

li not forming a right angle, by the vertex having

no interspaces, by the area before the occipital

carina being irregularly foveolate, by the prono-

tum being only slightly longer than half the

frontal breadth, by the longer lateral spine of

propodeum, by the colour, etc.

Pycnomesitius peringueyi (Kieffer, 1913)

Mesitius peringueyi Kieffer, 1913: 329 (©).

Pycnomesitius peringueyi; Möczar, 1971: 301, 302 (2,

d new).

Specimen examined: 1 d, Eshowe, Natal,

19.x1.1970, S. Afr., H. and M. Townes (Gaines-

ville, Florida).

Reported from South Africa: Natal (Kieffer,

1913).

Pycnomesitius densepunctatus Móczár, 1971

Pycnomesitius densepunctatus Moczar, 1971: 167 (9

3).

Specimens examined: 2 d, Eshowe, Natal,

19.1x.1970, S. Afr., H. and M. Townes (Gaines-

ville, Florida, and Budapest).

Reported from South Africa (Möczär, 1971).

REFERENCES

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species of Hymenoptera. — Mem. Proc. Man-

chester lit. phil. Soc. (4) 1: 159—183.

Cameron, P., 1889. A decade of new Hymenoptera.

Proctotrupidae. — Mem. Proc. Manchester lit.

phil. Soc. (4) 2: 11—14.

Dahlbom, A. G., 1845. Dispositio methodica spe-

cierum Hymenopterorum secundum familias in-

sectorum naturales. Particula secunda Chrysis in

sensu Linnaeano: 1—21. — Lund, Berlin.

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Dahlbom, A. G., 1854. Hymenoptera Europaea prae-

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rietates deposita atque descripta. Tomus secundus

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ësl. Spol. ent. 33: 119—124, figs. 1—3.

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trypidae. — In: André, Species des Hyménoptères

d’Europe et d’Algerie 9; 1904: 1—64; 1905: 65—

288; 1906: 289552, pls. i-xxi.

Kieffer, J. J., 1905. Description de nouveaux Procto-

trypides exotiques. — Annls Soc. sci. Bruxelles

29: 95142, fig. 1—14.

Kieffer, J. J., 1908. Hymenoptera. Fam. Bethylidae.

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pls. 1-11.

Kieffer, J. J., 1911. Cynipides et Béthylides de l’Afri-

que du Sud (Hymenopt.). — Annls Soc. ent. Fr.

80: 451—462.

Kieffer, J. J., 1913. Nouveaux Serphides de l’Afrique

du Sud. — Boll. Lab. Zool. gen. agr. Portici 7:

324—331.

Kieffer, J. J., 1914. Hymenoptera. Bethylidae. — Das

Tierreich 41: 1—595, figs. 1—205.

Marshall, T. A., 1874. Description of a new European

species of Bethylides (Hymenoptera: Oxyura). —

Entomologist mon. Mag. 10: 222—223.

Möczär, L., 1969. New Mesitius species Hymeno-

ptera: Bethylidae). — Acta zool. hung. 15: 371—

377, fig. 1.

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era and species. I. (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae). —

Acta zool. hung. 16: 175—203, fig. 1—16.

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mesitius Móczár and Metrionotus Móczár. Il.

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dae: Mesitinae). — Acta biol. Szeged. 20: 173—

177.

Moczar, L., 1983. New data of Bethylidae from the

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H. J. Viuc and M. W. R. DE V. GRAHAM. — The types of Platygastridae (Hyme-

noptera, Scelionoidea) described by Haliday and Walker and preserved in the

National Museum of Ireland and the British Museum (Natural History). 1. Des-

ignation of lectotypes, pp. 115—135.

| Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, deel 127, afl. 6 Gepubliceerd 31-XII-1984

| THE TYPES OF PLATYGASTRIDAE (HYMENOPTERA,

SCELIONOIDEA) DESCRIBED BY HALIDAY AND WALKER

AND PRESERVED IN THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF

IRELAND AND THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL

HISTORY)

1. DESIGNATION OF LECTOTYPES

1856.

INTRODUCTION

Although Masner (1965) published a paper on

the types of the Proctotrupoidea in the British

Museum (Natural History) (BMNH) and in the

ope Department of Entomology at Oxford,

he Platygastridae described by Haliday and

alker have continued to be largely ignored.

No less than 113 British, Irish and Scottish spe-

cies of Platygastridae have been described by

aliday and Walker. In addition to the BMNH

aterial, the present authors have also studied

the type specimens preserved in the National

Museum of Ireland (NMI), Dublin. Two store-

oxes at NMI, part of the Haliday collection

nd numbered 16 and 23, contain the majority

>f his own and Walker’s platygastrid types. An

ccount of the Haliday collection has been pub-

ished by O’Connor & Nash (1982). Graham

1982) has provided additional notes on its his-

ory. Thanks to Dr. J. P. O’Connor, the senior

uthor had the relevant contents of boxes 16

nd 23 on loan for over a year. From this

aterial 84 lectotypes have been designated. In

ddition, 27 lectotypes have been selected from

H.J. VLUG

Instituut voor Plantenziektenkundig Onderzoek, Binnenhaven 12, Wageningen, The Netherlands

and

115

M. W. R. DE V. GRAHAM

5 Salisbury Crescent, Oxford, Great Britain

Abstract

A survey is given of the Platygastridae described by Haliday and Walker from the British

Isles. The relevant collections at the British Museum (Natural History) and the National

Museum of Ireland have been studied and analysed as to types of pins, characteristics of

mounting and, often subsequently attached, labels. Lectotypes are designated for nearly all

species. Eurostemma Szelényi, 1938, is found to be a junior synonym of Allotropa Foerster,

the material of the BMNH and one lectotype

has been designated from specimens in the “Na-

turhistorisches Museum”, Vienna. One species

was not represented in any of the above institu-

tions and it has to be regarded as a nomen dubi-

um. Three species, renamed by Kieffer, have al-

so been included in this paper.

The examined collections are amongst the

earliest made of the Platygastridae and they

provide therefore a sound foundation for the

study of the group. Although many taxa de-

scribed by Nees (1834) are of earlier date, a

larger number of species were described by

Haliday and Walker. The Nees material has

been lost and as a consequence neotypes for his

species will have to be established eventually.

We have restricted our study to those species

which were described by Haliday in 1833,

Walker and Haliday in 1835 and Walker in

1838. On page 218 of his 1835 paper Walker

states: “In the first volume of the Entomological

Magazine there is. an excellent methodical ar-

rangement of these and other minute Hymeno-

ptera, by Mr. Haliday; who, by the loan of his

116

MSS. and collection contributed much to the

following descriptions—”. The species de-

scribed by Haliday, but which appeared in

Walker’s paper are therefore quoted as “Hali-

day in Walker” when Walker mentions: “(Hali-

day, MSS.)” or in the case of Iphitrachelus lar:

“(Halliday)”. However, whenever Walker

States) (Halıday, (Curtis; | Brin 300)

Walker must be considered the authority. This

situation arises because these names appeared in

a list without any description (Curtis, 1830),

Walker merely using the Haliday names for his

own descriptions. For Platygaster velutinus,

Walker only provides a figure of the male and

female antennae. Although P. elongatus also ap-

peared in Curtis (1830) without a description,

Haliday has been retained as the authority since

he characterized it in his 1833 key.

The type localities quoted in this paper are

cited as they appeared in the original descrip-

tions. Most of them are “near London” (which

is actually near Southgate [Graham, 1979]),

“New Lanark” (Scotland) and “Holywood”

(Ireland, collected by Haliday).

A handwritten “Catalogue of Irish Insects”

by Haliday is preserved in NMI. Although it

has never been published, it is cited in this pa-

per; undoubtedly it postdates 1838.

TYPE DESIGNATIONS

Unless Masner (1965) states explicitly “Lec-

totype”, his designations are not considered val-

id. The term “unique” employed by him does

not refer to either a holotype or a lectotype.

This difficulty also arises with the labels, affixed

to the BMNH material; these could indicate

syntype status in some instances.

Although both Haliday and Walker utilized a

variety of pins for their specimens, short En-

glish pins were used mainly for the Platygastri-

dae. Haliday usually colour-coded the pin-

heads as follows: red (English), green (Irish)

and white (Scottish). In some cases, coloured la-

bels were used to indicate provenance. Such evi-

dence has enabled the authors to choose some

lectotypes based upon the locality data given in

the original descriptions. Whenever the pin-

heads were uncoloured and no other relevant

data was available, a lectotype was selected if

the relevant specimen agreed exactly with the

published description. Walker and Haliday

mounted their specimens in different styles. The

former glued the specimens carelessly on the

card which was cut regularly in a rectangular

shape. He pinned the card exactly in the mid-

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 6, 1984

point along an edge. By contrast, Haliday care-

fully glued his specimens on their cards, spread-

ing out the antennae, wings and legs. As Gra-

ham (1982) and O’Connor & Nash (1982) have

pointed out, he pinned the often irregularly cut

card in a corner. The BMNH material was re-

pinned with continental pins by James Water-

ston in 1928 (J.W. labels). Since the original pins

were not retained, this action may have de-

stroyed evidence indicating provenance.

When specimens were not labelled according

to species (e.g. Haliday box 16), we have at-

tempted to assess the concept of a particular

species by studying the original descriptions in

detail and by examining its location in the origi-

nal arrangement of the material in the box. The

junior author made a detailed plan of the con-

tents of this box in 1961, enabling a careful

study of Haliday’s arrangement to be made. A

copy of this drawing has been deposited in

NMI.

In 1961, the junior author listed the contents

of Haliday boxes 16 and 23. This has provided a

basis for type selection. The numbers cited in

this paper refer to that list. The BMNH types

have a different numbering system. All lecto-

types have been given a red label stating “Lecto-

type H. J. Vlug 1982” and a determination label

with “det. H. J. Vlug 1982”. The NMI material

has been mounted on polyporus blocks which is

staged with continental-type pins. The original

labels and pins have been preserved. The types

are labelled either “box 16” or “box 23. Stood in |

original Haliday collection under...”

THE 1838 SPECIES

The arrangement of Walker’s descriptions in

his 1838 paper are even more complex than

those of 1835 and the sequence has caused many

problems for subsequent students. Later work-

ers have been confused and this applies particu-

larly to Kieffer (1914, 1926). Szelényi has al

ready mentioned this difficulty in his 1938 pa-

per on /nostemma.

identification key. The genus /nostemma com

mences with the word “Fem.” and then contin-—

Walker’s descriptions follow the form of an |

ues with a morphological description of J. hispo.

This is followed by the species number viz.

“Sp.l. Ino. Hispo. Fem.” and a short characteri-

zation of the coloration. Next, he gives a de

tailed description of the colours, commencing |

with “Aters”. The description ends with»

“Found by Mr. Haliday” etc. The next species

I. favo and all subsequent ones are treated in a |

VruG & De V. GRAHAM: Types of Platygastridae 117

similar manner. Each species description is

therefore split into two sections by the insertion

of the relevant species number, one part appear-

ing above the number, the other below it. This

| is a most unusual system causing misinterpreta-

tion because normally a complete species de-

scription would follow its number in a list.

Kieffer (1914) erred by starting in the case of J.

hispo with “Sp. |. Ino. Hispo” and ending just

above “Sp. 2 Ino. Favo”. He omitted the first

| part of the description of J. hispo and included

the initial section of J. favo with the second one

of J. hispo, thus combining the descriptions of

the two species. Similarly, because he had be-

come confused by Walker’s sequence, he mixed

up the description of J. favo with that of J. bot-

er, I. boter with that of J. europus and I. euro-

pus with that of J. ocalea. He listed J. ocalea

among the unrecognized species (“Ungenùgend

beschriebene Arten”), thus merely providing a

translation of the second part commencing with

| “Sp. 5. Ino. Ocalea”.

With the exception of two individuals la-

belled “boter”, no specimens were provided

with a specific name in either BMNH or NMI.

No. 1198 in NMI does fit the description of /.

Aispo but it has a label with “Jnostemma syrinx”

on it. This manuscript name occurs in Haliday’s

catalogue where it is given the number 5. By

contrast, J. hispo is numbered 4. Apparently,

Haliday considered these two species separate

and consequently no. 1198 is not considered to

be a syntype of J. hispo. I. favo is number 3 in

the catalogue. In Haliday’s collection it is repre-

sented by nine specimens and these all fit the

® description. /. boter is represented by four spec-

imens, two of which have the labels mentioned

above. There are three specimens of J. europus

® which fit accurately the species description ex-

cept that Walker cites a male. However, he

States: “antennae clavatae” and “8us. Jus. et

10us. lati, clavam fingentes fusiformem” which

fits a female antenna. Undoubtedly, Walker

istook his specimen (a female) for a male and

iscounted the antennal segments which, in

fact, are 9-segmented. It is, of course, possible

hat he never saw the relevant material, Haliday

roviding him with the description, and that a

pographical error occurred. We are certain

that /. europus was described from specimen no.

225, a female glued on a card. The remaining

ale and female, mounted together on a single

ard (1226—1227), may have been subsequently

collected by Haliday who provided them with a

green-headed pin and a green label. It is possible

that these two specimens are those which ap-

pear in his catalogue as follows:

europus ®

ulex”.

mecrida 3

“buchaetus 10

Evidently Haliday recognized 1. europus and

I. mecrida to be synonymous, but this has yet to

be confirmed. The type of J. mecrida has been

found in the Vienna Museum (Vlug, 1973); ap-

parently this was the specimen on which

Foerster founded the genus Allotropa. The Hal-

iday collection contains two specimens which

closely fit the description of J. ocalea. The spe-

cies appears to belong to the genus Metaclisis.

Szelényi (1938) placed it in Parinostemma but

this is now considered to be a synonym of

Metaclisis (Masner, 1965, 1981).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We wish to offer our sincere thanks to Dr. J.

P. O’Connor for his kind help and hospitality

during the two periods the senior author has

spent in Dublin, for the loan of the Haliday col-

lection and for his critical reading of the manu-

script. Thanks are also due to Dr. N. D. M. Fer-

gusson and the staff of the BMNH for their

support and loan of types, Dr. M. Fischer of the

Vienna Museum for the loan of relevant materi-

al, Dr. H. H. Evenhuis, Dr. L. Masner and Dr.

L. Huggert for their useful comments and for

reading the manuscript, the Uyttenboogaart-

Eliasen Foundation and the staff of the Research

Institute for Plantprotection for giving the se-

nior author the opportunity to spend some

weeks in Dublin and London, and Mr. C. van

der Horst, Wageningen, for revising the English

text.

Amblyaspis Foerster

Amblyaspis abas (Walker)

Platygaster abas Walker, 1835: 238(d 2).

Amblyaspis abas (Walker); Kieffer, 1914: 397.

Type locality: “July and August; on grass in

woods; near London. New Lanark, Scotland.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in NMI:

“abas”; “1055”; “Box 16”; det. and type labels

(H. J. Vlug, 1982). The type is pinned with a

red-headed pin, indicating its English origin.

Two more males, nos. 254 and 255, in NMI do

not belong to A. abas.

118

Amblyaspis belus (Walker)

Platygaster belus Walker, 1835: 235, 236 (9).

Amblyaspis belus (Walker); Kieffer, 1914: 408.

Type locality: “Found rarely at Holywood,

in Ireland, by Mr. Haliday.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“Belus”; green label (Irish); “239”; “Box 23.

Stood in original Haliday collection under

Platygaster belus”; det. and type labels (H. J.

Vlug, 1982). One other female (240) and one

other male (243) under this name in NMI be-

long to different species.

Amblyaspis crates (Walker)

Platygaster crates Walker, 1835: 236(d).

Amblyaspis crates (Walker); Kieffer, 1914: 410.

Platygaster crates Walker, Vlug, 1973: 181.

Type locality: “September; Isle of Wight”.

Lectotype male (designated here), in NMI:

“245”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster crates”; det. and type

labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). Four other males and

females (244 and 246—248) in NMI belong to

different species.

Amblyaspis furius (Walker)

Platygaster furius Walker, 1835: 234, 235(d 9).

Amblyaspis furius (Walker); Kieffer, 1914: 408;

Masner, 1965: 132.

Type locality: “July and August; near Lon-

don. September; Isle of Wight. Penzance, Corn-

wall. Found in Ireland, by Mr. Haliday.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in NMI:

“furius” ; “999”; “Box 16”; det. and type labels

(H. J. Vlug, 1982). The material in NMI under

the numbers 230—234 and 1019 does not be-

long to À. furius. The female in BMNH 9.563

has no type status.

Amblyaspis nereus (Walker)

Platygaster nereus Walker, 1835: 233 (4 2).

Amblyaspis nereus (Walker); Foerster, 1856: 112.

Type locality: “July; on grass in woods; near

London. September; near Linton, North Dev-

onshire.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“216”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster nereus”; det. and type

labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). The other specimens

in NMI (nos. 215, 217, 218 and 1012—1015)

and the male in the Vienna Museum (Vlug,

1973) do not belong to À. nereus.

TijDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 6, 1984

Amblyaspis otreus (Walker)

Platygaster otreus Walker, 1835: 236, 237 (4 2).

Amblyaspis otreus (Walker); Kieffer, 1914: 395; Mas-

ner, 1965: 132.

Type locality: “August to October; on grass

in fields; near London. September; Isle of

Wight. New Lanark, Scotland. Found in Ire-

land, by Mr. Haliday.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in NMI:

“Otreus”; “1020”; “Box 16”; det. and type la-

bels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). The males and females,

nos. 249—251 and 1021 in NMI and 9.562 in

BMNH, are not conspecific.

Amblyaspis prorsa (Walker)

Platygaster prorsa Walker, 1835: 237, 238 (6 @).

Amblyaspis prorsa (Walker); Kieffer, 1914: 404;

Masner, 1965: 133.

Type locality: “May to September; on grass

in woods; near London. Isle of Wight; New

Forest, Hampshire. New Lanark, Scotland.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in BMNH:

“Platygaster prorsa, Wk.” and “Stood under

this name in old BM collection (Rearranged

1928, J. W.)?; SProrsa Wk.”; “TYPE”; “B. Ma

TYPE HYM. 9.565”; det. and type labels (H. J.

Vlug, 1982). The material in NMI (252, 253 and

1022— 1024) does not belong to this species.

Amblyaspis roboris (Haliday)

Platygaster roboris Haliday, in Walker, 1835: 234

(82).

Amblyaspis roboris (Walker); Foerster, 1856: 112.

Platygaster roboris Walker; Vlug, 1973: 182.

Type locality: “Found in Ireland, by Mr.

Haliday”.

Lectotype female (designated here), in NME

“roboris”; “1308”; “Box 16”; det. and type la-

bels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). Seven additional males

-and females in NMI (nos. 226, 228, 989, 990,

992, 993 and 1307). The specimens 225, 22755

229 and 1306 are different species; no. 991 has a

red pin head, so this specimen cannot have type

status; the specimen in the Vienna Museum

(Vlug, 1973) has not been reexamined.

Amblyaspis scelionoides (Haliday)

Platygaster scelionoides Haliday, in Walker, 1835: 235

(2).

Amblyaspis scelionoides (Walker); Kieffer, 1914: 409.

Type locality: “Found in Ireland, by Mrs,

Halıday.”

VruG & De V. GRAHAM: Types of Platygastridae 119

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“Scelionoides”; “14.” (1814); “Scelionoides”;

green ticket; “155”; “Box 23. Stood in original

Haliday collection under Platygaster scelionoi-

des”; det. and type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982).

Nos. 156, 157 and 235—238 in NMI are differ-

ent species.

Amblyaspis tritici (Walker)

Platygaster tritici Haliday, in Curtis, 1830: folio 309

(second page) (nomen nudum).

Platygaster tritici Walker, 1835: 233, 234 (d-Q first

description).

Amblyaspis tritici (Haliday); Foerster, 1856: 112.

Amblyaspis tritici (Curtis); Muesebeck and Walkley,

1956: 326, 327.

Type locality: “Found by Mr. Haliday on

Cerealia and willows in England and Ireland.

March to May, and October; on grass; near

London. June; New Forest, Hampshire. Sep-

tember; Cumberland; New Lanark, Scotland.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in NMI:

“220”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

U lection under Platygaster tritici”; det. and type

| labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). Two more males, nos.

219 and 222 in NMI are paralectotypes. The

rest of the material in NMI under this name

| (nos. 221, 223, 224, 994998, 1296—1301 and

1315—1317) is different in many aspects; some

specimens may prove to be A. tritici when more

is known about variation within this species.

The male in the Vienna Museum (Vlug, 1973) is

| a different species.

Isocybus Foerster

Isocybus cotta (Walker)

Platygaster cotta Walker, 1835: 242 (9).

Isocybus cotta (Walker): Foerster, 1856: 114.

Isocybas (sic!) cotta (Walker); Walker, 1872: 540.

8) Isocybus cotta (Walker); Muesebeck & Walkley,

1956: 362.

Type locality: “June; New Forest, Hamp-

shire.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“273”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster cotta”; det. and type

labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). The remainder of the

specimens under this name in NMI (nos. 272,

IR 274 and 275) do not fit the description.

Isocybus erato (Walker)

Platygaster erato Walker, 1835: 241 (ó).

Isocybus erato (Walker); Masner, 1965: 133.

Type locality: “September; near Keswick, in

Cumberland.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in NMI:

“269”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster erato”; det. and type

labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). The female no. 1083 in

NMI (Irish origin) and the female no. 9.615 in

BMNH have no type status.

Isocybus matuta (Walker)

Platygaster matuta Walker, 1835: 241, 242 (4 9).

Isocybus matuta (Walker); Foerster, 1856: 114.

Isocybas (sic!) matuta (Walker); Walker, 1872: 540.

Isocybus matuta (Walker); Masner, 1965: 133.

Type locality: “September; near Keswick,

Cumberland.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in BMNH:

“Platygaster matuta WIk” and “Stood under

this name in old BM collection (Rearranged

1928, NO) Matura NE AIDE cree

TYPE EIYM. 9.616”; det. and type labels (H. J.

Vlug, 1982). Two further males, nos. 270 and

271, in NMI are paralectotypes. The lectotype

has been remounted by Vlug and the right

wings are mounted on a separate microslide,

which is pinned on the same pin as the lecto-

type.

Isocybus walkeri Kieffer

Platygaster ruficornis (Latreille), sensu Walker, 1835:

240 (figs. 10—12).

Isocybus ruficornis (Latreille); Foerster, 1856: 114.

Isocybus walkeri Kieffer, 1926: 727 (4 9).

Type locality: “July; on grass beneath trees;

near London. England, Ireland, and Scotland, in

marshes, Mr. Haliday.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in NMI:

ON Bonte der andAtypellabels” (El! ].

Vlug, 1982). Four other males (nos. 1087, 1088,

1090 and 1092) and three females (nos. 1084—

1086) in NMI are paralectotypes. Nos. 265—

268 and 1089 are not conspecific.

Leptacis Foerster

Leptacis halia (Walker)

Platygaster halia Walker, 1835: 229 (d).

Synopeas halia (Walker); Foerster, 1856: 114; Fitton

et al., 1978: 122.

Type locality: “August; on grass in fields;

near London.”

120 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 6, 1984

Lectotype male (designated here), in NMI:

“196”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster halia”; det. and type

labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982).

Leptacis laodice (Walker)

Platygaster laodice Walker, 1835: 221, 222 (2).

Leptacis laodice (Walker); Foerster, 1856: 113.

Type locality: “June; on grass in fields; near

London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“182”; “lectotype” (handwritten by Graham);

“Box 23. Stood in original Haliday collection

under Platygaster laodice”; det. and type labels

(H. J. Vlug, 1982). The female 9.575 in BMNH

under this name belongs to Platygaster attenua-

ta Walker.

Leptacis nice (Walker)

Platygaster nice Walker, 1835: 222 (6).

Leptacis nice (Walker); Foerster, 1856: 113; Masner,

1965: 134.

Type locality: “June; on grass beneath trees;

near London.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in NMI:

“181”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster nice”; det. and type la-

bels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). One male, 9.576 in

BMNH is paralectotype; this specimen is badly

damaged.

Leptacis nydia (Walker)

Platygaster nydia Walker, 1835: 221 (9).

Leptacis nydia (Walker); Foerster, 1856: 113.

Synopeas nydia (Walker); Masner, 1965: 142; Fitton

et al., 1978: 122.

Type locality: “June; Windsor Forest. —

July; on grass in fields; near London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“180”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster nydia”; det. and type

labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). One other female, no.

179, is paralectotype.

Leptacis ozines (Walker)

Platygaster ozines Walker, 1835: 230, 231 (& 2).

Synopeas ozines (Walker); Foerster, 1856: 114.

Leptacis ozines (Walker); Masner, 1965: 134.

Synopeas ozines (Walker); Kozlov, 1966: 99.

Type locality: “August; on grass in fields;

near London.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in NMI:

“202”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster ozines”; det. and type

labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). One more female (no.

201) in NMI is paralectotype. The numbers 199,

203, and 204 in NMI and the female in BMNH

(9.586) do not agree with the description and

belong to Synopeas. No. 200 in NMI, placed

under P. ozines, belongs to the family of Scelio-

nidae.

Piestopleura Foerster

Piestopleura catilla (Walker)

Platygaster catillus Walker, 1835: 219 (figs. 2, 3) (9).

Catillus walkeri Foerster, 1856: 111, 112 (6 2). (In-

valid change of Walker’s species name catillus).

Piestopleura walkeri Foerster, 1856: 144.

Piestopleura catillus (Walker); Thomson, 1859:75

(3 2); Walker, 1872: 540 (fig. on p. 536); Muese-

beck & Walkley, 1956: 384; Masner, 1965: 135.

Type locality: “June; on grass beneath trees;

near London. New Forest, Hampshire. Mr.

Haliday has found it under the shade of trees,

once at Holywood, and once in Galway, Ire-

land.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in

BMNH: “Platygaster catilla, Wlk.” and “Stood

under this name in old BM collection (Rear-

ranged 1928, J:W.)”; “Catillus Wk”; “B.M.

TYPE HYM. 9.568”; det. and type labels (H. J.

Vlug, 1982). The males and females in NMI do

not belong to P. catilla.

Piestopleura mamertes (Walker)

Platygaster mamertes Walker, 1835: 227 (6; © ?).

Synopeas mamertes (Walker); Foerster, 1856: 114;

Marshall, 1873: 19 (6; ®?); Kieffer, 1926: 686

(8); Fitton et al., 1978: 122.

Platygaster mamertes (female), see Synopeas ma-

mertes Kieffer. |

Type locality: “Found in September, on wil-

lows, in Kent; and at Holywood, in Ireland, by

Mr. Haliday.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in NMI:

white label; “mamertes”; “953”; “lectotype”

(handwritten by Graham); “Box 23. Stood in

original Haliday collection under Platygaster

mamertes”; det. and type labels (H. J. Vlug,

1982). Two more males, nos. 193 and 954 in

NMI are paralectotypes.

Piestopleura seron Walker

Platygaster seron Walker, 1835: 226, 227 (6).

Synopeas seron Walker; Foerster, 1856: 114; Kozlov,

1971: 62; Fitton et al., 1978: 122.

VruG & De V. GRAHAM: Types of Platygastridae 121

Type locality: “September; on grass in fields;

near London.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in NMI:

“192”; “Type”; “Box 23. Stood in original Hal-

iday collection under Platygaster seron”; det.

and type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). Seven more

specimens of P. seron in NMI are not consid-

ered types (nos. 948, 951, 952, 1284, 1285, 1287

and 1288).

Platygaster Latreille

Platygaster abia Walker

Platygaster abia Walker, 1835: 258, 259 (3 2).

Type locality: “New Lanark, Scotland. Sep-

tember; Cumberland.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in

BMNH: “NL” (New Lanark); “Platygaster

_abia Wik” and “Stood under this name in old

BM collection (Rearranged 1928, J. W.)”; “Abia

meee DEE B.M. TYPE HYM. 9.595”;

det. and type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). Paralec-

totype female, no. 1109, in NMI with red pin-

head (most probably originating from Cumber-

land). The male no. 349 in NMI is a different

species.

Platygaster abisares Walker

| Platygaster abisares Walker, 1835: 262 (4 2).

Type locality: “Autumn; near London. Isle of

Wight. Land’s End, Cornwall. Found in Ire-

land, by Mr. Haliday.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in NMI:

“abisares”; “1133”; “Box 16”; det. and type la-

bels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). Paralectotype male, no.

369, in NMI. The female no. 9.596 in BMNH

does not fit the description.

Platygaster acrisius Walker

Platygaster acrisius Walker, 1835: 244 (9).

Prosactogaster acrisius Walker; Kieffer, 1926: 765 (9).

Platygaster acrisius Walker; Fitton et al, 1978: 121.

Type locality: “Found near London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“277”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster acrisius”; det. and

type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). The female no.

278 in NMI is another species. The lectotype is

missing A9 and A10 of the left antenna.

Platygaster aegeus Walker

Platygaster aegeus Walker, 1835: 261 (9).

Type locality:

Haliday.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“56”; “aegeus” (green label); “aegeus”; “426”;

“Box 23. Stood in originai Haliday collection

under Platygaster aegeus”; det. and type labels

(H. J. Vlug, 1982). Two more females, nos.

1130 and 1131, are conspecific but there is no

“Found in Ireland, by Mr.

evidence of type locality; most probably these

females were collected in England and identified

after the description of the species.

Platygaster athamas Walker

Platygaster athamas Walker, 1835: 264, 265 (9).

Type locality: “Found near London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“389”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster athamas”; det. and

type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982).

Platygaster attenuata Walker

Platygaster attenuatus Haliday, in Curtis, 1830, folio

309 (second page) (2) (nomen nudum).

Platygaster attenuatus Haliday; Walker, 1835: 245

(3 2) (figs. 14 <?>, 15) (first description).

Prosactogaster attenuata (Haliday), Dalla

1898: 470; Kieffer, 1926: 767 (fig. 305).

Platygaster attenuatus Haliday; Masner, 1965: 135.

Torre,

Type locality: “April and May; on grass in

fields; near London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in

BMNH: “939”; “Platygaster attenuatus, Hal.”

and “Stood under this name in old BM collec-

tion (Rearraneed 1928, TE WE IYBEZ

“B.M. TYPE HYM. 9.622”; det. and type labels

(H. J. Vlug, 1982). Paralectotypes male 280 and

female 1074 in NMI.

Platygaster bucolion Walker

Platygaster bucolion Walker, 1835: 258 (d).

Type locality: “Found near London.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in NMI:

“348”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster bucolion”; det. and

type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982).

Platygaster cebes Walker

Platygaster cebes Walker, 1835: 256 (d).

Type locality: “New Lanark, Scotland.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in NMI:

“341”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

122 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 6, 1984

lection under Platygaster cebes”; det. and type

labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982).

Platygaster chrysippus Walker

Platygaster chrysippus Walker, 1835: 250 (2).

Prosactogaster chrysippus Walker; Kieffer, 1926: 773,

774.

Platygaster chrysippus Walker; Masner, 1965: 136.

Type locality: “May; on grass in fields; near

London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in

BMNH: “Platygaster chrysippus, Wk.” and

“Stood under this name in old BM collection

(Rearranged 1928, J.W)”; “Chrysippus Wk.”;

PER B MESTRE ENE 620 der sand

type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). The female no.

301 in NMI is another species.

Platygaster cleodaeus Walker

Platygaster cleodaeus Walker, 1835: 262 (4 2).

Type locality: “Found near London.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in NMI:

“365”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster cleodaeus”; det. and

type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). A male and a fe-

male, nos. 363 and 364 respectively, do not

agree with the description.

Platygaster cochleata Walker

Platygaster cochleatus Walker, 1835: 274 (9).

Platygaster cochleata Walker; Dalla Torre, 1898: 471.

Synopeas cochleata Walker; Kieffer, 1914: 432.

Synopeas cochleatus Walker; Fitton et al, 1978:122.

Type locality: “Found at Holywood, in Ire-

land, by Mr. Haliday.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

Green label and green pin head. “980”; “Box

16”; det. and type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). Par-

alectotypes females: 168 and 983—985 in NMI.

The females 981 and 982 in NMI are not con-

sidered to be paralectotypes because they bear a

white label which indicates Scottish origin. The

paralectotypes do not have green pin heads

and/or green labels, but there is no evidence

that they should not be of Irish origin.

Platygaster cratinus Walker

Platygaster cratinus Walker, 1835: 255 (@).

Platygaster cratina Walker; Dalla Torre, 1898: 471.

Type locality: “New Lanark, Scotland.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“334”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster cratinus”; det. and

type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). One female, no.

333, is a different species.

Platygaster cyrsilus Walker

Platygaster cyrsilus Walker, 1835: 247 (9).

Prosactogaster cyrsilus Walker; Kieffer, 1926: 772.

Platygaster cyrsilus Walker; Masner, 1965: 136.

Type locality: “May; on grass in fields; near

London. Found in Ireland, by Mr. Haliday.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“290”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster cyrsilus”; det. and

type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). The female in

BMNH, no. 9.626 and the females in NMI, nos.

291 and 1053-1058, do not fit the description.

Platygaster deipyla Walker

Platygaster deipyla Walker, 1835: 256 (4).

Type locality: “May; on grass beneath trees;

near London.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in NMI:

“342”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster deipyla”; det. and

type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982).

Platygaster demades Walker

Platygaster demades Walker, 1835: 249, 250(d 9).

Prosactogaster demades Walker; Kieffer, 1926: 773.

Platygaster demades Walker; Masner, 1965: 136.

Type locality: “Found near London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in

BMNH: “Platygaster demades, Wk.” and

“Stood under this name in old BM collection

(Rearranged 1928, J.W.)”; “Demades Wk.”;

“TYPE”; “B.M. TYPE HYM. 9.628”; det. and

type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). Paralectotype

male no. 298 in NMI. The specimens 297 and

1065 in NMI are different species.

Platygaster dictys Walker

Platygaster dictys Walker, 1835: 254, 255 (9).

Type locality: “Found near London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“331”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster dictys”; det. and type

labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). The type lacks the

head and the four basal segments of the left an-

tenna and the three basal segments of the right

antenna.

Vrug & De V. GRAHAM: Types of Platygastridae

Platygaster dryope Walker

Platygaster dryope Walker, 1835: 266 (4).

Type locality: “Found in Ireland, by Mr.

Haliday.”

Lectotype female (!) (designated here), in

NMI: “Dryope”; green label; “Type”; “169”;

“Box 23. Stood in original Haliday collection

| under Platygaster dryope”; det. and type labels

(H.J. Vlug, 1982). The female, 9.599 in BMNH

| does not fit the description (= Amblyaspis sp.).

Walker described a male but has certainly mis-

taken the sex; the type fits the description excel-

lently. It is a species with a short metasoma and

this might be the reason of Walker’s mistake; he

apparently did not or miscounted the metaso-

mal segments and did not pay attention to the

fourth antennal segment.

Platygaster elongata Haliday

Platygaster elongatus Haliday, in Curtis, 1830, Folio

309 (second page) (? sex) (nomen nudum); Hal-

iday, 1833: 270 (? sex) (first description); Walker,

1835: 244 (2).

Platygaster elongata Haliday; Dalla Torre, 1898: 472.

Prosactogaster elongata (Haliday); Kieffer, 1926: 769.

Platygaster elongata Haliday; Fitton et al., 1978: 121.

Type locality: “June and July, on grass at

Southgate.” (Haliday, in Curtis, 1830). (The

Walker estate was at Southgate. This place was

situated just outside the city of London in

Walker’s time (Graham, 1979).

Available material: Three females: no. 279,

which could very well be a Walker specimen;

nos. 1081, 1082, which excellently fit the de-

scription of Walker, 1835, but are of Irish prov-

enance (green pin head) and mounted obviously

by Haliday. The description of Haliday (1833)

only states: “Antennae apice sensim vel parum

crassiores articulo 3tio. minuto vel penitus

obliterato... b. Scutellum obtusum...”; the fe-

male No. 279 fits this description well. Howev-

er, the extensive description of Walker (1835)

cannot be after this specimen but is instead ob-

viously based on the Irish specimens.

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“279”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

ion under Platygaster elongatus”; det. and

type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982).

Platygaster ennius Walker

Platygaster ennius Walker, 1835: 261 (2).

Type locality:

Halıday.”

“Found ın Ireland, by Mr.

123

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“Ennius” ; green label; “427”; “Box 23. Stood in

original Haliday collection under Platygaster

ennius” ; det. and type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982).

Platygaster eriphyle Walker

Platygaster eriphyle Walker, 1835: 257 (2).

Type locality: “Found near London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“343”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster eriphyle”; det. and

type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982).

Platygaster euhemerus Walker

Platygaster eubemerus Walker, 1835: 264 (9).

Type locality: “Found near London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“388”; “Box 23”. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster euhemerus”; det. and

type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982).

Platygaster evadne Walker

Platygaster evadne Walker, 1835: 257 (3 2); Masner,

1965: 137.

Type locality: “June and July; near London.

New Forest, Hampshire.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in BMNH:

“Platygaster evadne Wik” and “Stood under

this name in old BM collection (Rearranged

1928 ,W.) ; Euadne Wik"; ~ TYPE”; BM.

TYPE HYM. 9.592”; det. and type labels (H. J.

Vlug, 1982). Paralectotype male no. 344 in

NMI. The female no. 345 in NMI is a different

species and the female in BMNH is not a

Walker specimen.

Platygaster filicornis Walker

Platygaster filicornis Haliday, in Curtis, 1830: folio

309 (second page) (4) (nomen nudum); Walker,

1835: 236 (d) (first description).

Amblyaspis filicornis (Haliday); Kieffer, 1914: 404

(8); Fitton et al., 1978: 122.

Type locality: “Found by Mr. Haliday, at

Holywood, in Ireland.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in NMI:

“filicornis” (handwritten on green label); “429”;

“Box 23. Stood in original Haliday collection

under Platygaster filicornis”; det. and type la-

bels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). Two more males, nos.

986 and 987, are paralectotypes, in NMI.

124 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 6, 1984

Platygaster galenus Walker

Platygaster galenus Walker, 1835: 251, 252 (2).

Type locality: “Found in Ireland, by Mr.

Haliday.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“Galenus”; “428”; “Box 23. Stood in original

Haliday collection under Platygaster galenus” ;

det. and type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). The type

is pinned on a pin with a green head. One more

female, no. 1159 in NMI is paralectotype. The

male, 9.602 in BMNH has no type status. The

specimens 305—309 in NMI under this name

belong to a different species and are in fact syn-

types of Platygaster otanes Walker.

Platygaster gorge Walker

Platygaster gorge Walker, 1835: 250, 251 (4 2).

Prosactogaster gorge Walker; Kieffer, 1926: 764, 765.

Platygaster gorge Walker, Fitton et al, 1978: 122.

Type locality: “Found near London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“303”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster gorge”; det. and type

labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). One more male, no.

302 in NMI is a paralectotype.

Platygaster gyge Walker

Platygaster gyge Walker, 1835: 245, 246 (9).

Prosactogaster gyge Walker; Kieffer, 1926: 774.

Platygaster gyge Walker; Fitton et al., 1978: 122.

Type locality: “April; on grass beneath trees;

near London. Found in Ireland, by Mr. Hal-

iday.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“Gyge”; “1079”; “Box 16”; det. and type labels

(H. J. Vlug, 1982). The type is glued on a penta-

gonal piece of cardboard with a greenheaded

pin. Two more females, nos. 281 and 1080 in

NMI are paralectotypes. The female 1078 does

not belong to the type series and the female 282

is of a different species.

Platygaster ilione Walker

Platygaster ilione Walker, 1835: 267 (8).

Type locality: “Found near London.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in NMI:

“ılione” ; “398”; “Box 23. Stood in original Hal-

iday collection under Platygaster ilione”; det.

and type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982).

Platygaster inermis Walker

Platygaster inermis Haliday, in Curtis, 1830: folio 309

(second page) (nomen nudum).

Platygaster inermis Walker, 1835: 266, 267 (d ©) (first

description).

Type locality: “May; on grass beneath trees;

near London. Found in Ireland, by Mr. Hal-

iday.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“394”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster inermis”; det. and

type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). The female no.

395 in NMI is a paralectotype and lacks the

greater part of the body. The females nos.

1160—1166 in NMI are different species. The

female in the Vienna Museum (Vlug, 1973) is a

Synopeas sp. In the case of Platygaster inermis

there is no evidence for the provenance of the

lectotype, but it may be either England or Ire-

land.

Platygaster iolas Walker

Platygaster iolas Walker, 1835: 251 (©).

Prosactogaster iolas Walker; Kieffer, 1926: 765.

Platygaster iolas Walker; Fitton et al., 1978: 122.

Type locality: “Found near London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“304”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster iolas”; det. and type

labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). One other female in

the Vienna Museum (Vlug, 1973) is a different

species, Platygaster demades.

Platygaster laricis Haliday

Platygaster laricis Haliday, in Walker, 1835: 264 (3).

Type locality: “Found in Ireland, by Mr.

Haliday.”

A male was mentioned in the description, but

obviously the sex has been mistaken; the de-

scription states: “antennae pallide piceae, cor-

poris dimidio longioris, extrorsum crassiorus;

articulus lus. flavus; 2us. et sequentes ad 5um.

fulvi; 7us. et sequentes lati, quasi nodosi:”. This

resembles the description of a female and indeed

female no. 165 exactly fits this description.

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“laricis” (handwritten on a green label); “165”;

“Box 23. Stood in original Haliday collection

under Platygaster laricis”; det. and type labels

(H. J. Vlug, 1982). Female no. 166 in NMI dif-

Viuc & De V. GRAHAM: Types of Platygastridae 125

fers slightly and is not considered a paralecto-

type.

Platygaster leptines Walker

| Platygaster leptines Walker, 1835: 232 (6).

Synopeas leptines Walker; Marshall, 1873: 19; Fitton

Chal 1978:-122.

Type locality: “July; on grass in fields; near

London.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in NMI:

“214”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster leptines”; det. and

| type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). The specimens

| nos. 212 and 213 in NMJ are not conspecific.

| Platygaster lysicles Walker

| Platygaster lysicles Walker, 1835: 259— 260 (9).

Type locality: “Found in August by Mr. Hal-

iday, in marshes and grass in drains, at Holy-

wood, Ireland. September; on grass in fields;

| near London. Isle of Wight. New Lanark, Scot-

land.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

| “355”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster lysicles” ; det. and type

labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). Two other females,

nos. 1106 and 1107 in NMI are paralectotypes.

Specimens nos. 356, 373 and 1108 in NMI be-

long to different species.

Platygaster manto Walker

Platygaster manto Walker, 1835: 263 (3 2).

Type locality: “From spring to autumn; on

grass in fields; near London. September; Isle of

Wight. New Lanark; Scotland. Found in Ire-

land, by Mr. Haliday.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in BMNH:

“Platygaster manto, Wlk.” and “Stood under

this name in old BM collection (Rearranged

1928, J.W)”; “Manto Wk”; “TYPE”; “B.M.

TYPE HYM. 9.598”; det. and type labels (H. J.

Vlug, 1982). In NMI one female, no. 1154, and

one male, no. 378, are designated as paralecto-

types.

| Platygaster minthe Walker

À Platygaster minthe Walker, 1835: 261 (2).

_Type locality: “Found near London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“Minthe”; “362”; “Box 23. Stood in original

Haliday collection under Platygaster minthe”;

det. and type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982).

Platygaster munita Walker

Platygaster munitus Walker, 1835: 245 (2).

Platygaster munita Walker; Dalla Torre, 1898: 474.

Prosactogaster munita Walker; Kieffer, 1926: 771—

772 (fig. 308).

Platygaster munitus Walker; Masner, 1965; 137.

Type locality: “Found near London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“283”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster munitus”; det. and

type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). Two more fe-

males, nos. 1169 and 1170 in NMI are paralec-

totypes. Male no. 284 in NMI is not considered

a paralectotype and female 9.623 in BMNH is

slightly different.

Platygaster nisus Walker

Platygaster nisus Walker, 1835: 260 (2).

Type locality: “Found near London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“361”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster nisus”; det. and type

labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982).

Platygaster oebalus Walker

Platygaster oebalus Walker, 1835: 248—249 (2).

Prosactogaster oebalus Walker; Kieffer, 1926: 773.

Platygaster oebalus Walker; Masner, 1965: 137.

Type locality: “Found near London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in

BMNH: “Platygaster oebalus, Wk.” and “Stood

under this name in old BM collection (Rear-

ranged 1928, J.W.)”; “Oebalus Wk.”; “TYPE”;

“B.M. TYPE HYM. 9.627”; det. and type labels

(H. J. Vlug, 1982). Another female, no. 296 in

NMI is a paralectotype.

Platygaster oeclus Walker

Platygaster oeclus Walker, 1835: 258 (d 2).

Misocyclops oeclus Walker; Kieffer, 1926: 792, 793.

Platygaster oeclus Walker; Fitton et al, 1978: 122.

Type locality: “Found in Ireland, by Mr.

Haliday. May; near London. New Lanark,

Scotland.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“347”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster oeclus”; det. and type

126 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 6, 1984

labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). The other males and

females in NMI, nos. 346, 1110—1115 and 1144

and female 9.631 in BMNH are different spe-

cies. The lectotype appears to be an original

Walker specimen.

Platygaster olorus Walker

Platygaster olorus Walker, 1835: 255, 256 (6°);

Masner, 1965: 138.

Type locality: “Found near London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“335”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster olorus”; det. and type.

labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). One male, no. 336 in

NMI, is a paralectotype. Female no. 337 in

NMI and female 9.590 in BMNH belong to dif-

ferent species.

Platygaster orcus Walker

Platygaster orcus Walker, 1835: 250 (9).

Type locality: “Found near London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“orcus”; “1052”; “Box 16”; det. and type labels

(H. J. Vlug, 1982). The female no. 300 in NMI

is a paralectotype. A male under this name, no.

299 in NMI has no type status because Walker

only described a female. The pin of the lecto-

type has a red head.

Platygaster orus Walker

Platygaster orus Walker, 1835: 254 (6 ©); Masner,

1965: 138 (type designation).

Polygnotus orus (Walker), Vlug, 1973: 182.

Type locality: “Common in June; near Lon-

don. Found in Ireland, by Mr. Haliday.”

Lectotype female (designated by Masner,

1965), in BMNH: “Platygaster orus Wilk.” and

“Stood under this name in old BM collection

(Rearranged: 1.1928) MIN) Oras! Whe

TOPE B Me YY PECHY Mx 9158973 Seco

type L.M.” One more male is paralectotype.

Additional material: Two specimens in BMNH

and nine specimens in NMI appear under this

name but only one belongs to P. orus.

Platygaster oscus Walker

Platygaster oscus Walker, 1835: 259 (62); Masner,

1965: 138.

Type locality: “Ireland, Mr. Haliday. Near

London, England. New Lanark, Scotland.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“oscus” (at underside of the mounting card);

“354”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster oscus”; det. and type

labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). Three more females,

nos. 1127—1129 in NMI and one female, 9.594

in BMNH are paralectotypes. Nos. 350—353

and 1105 in NMI are not conspecific with the

type.

Platygaster otanes Walker

Platygaster otanes Walker, 1835: 252 (8 2).

Type locality: “Found near London.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in NMI:

“313”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster otanes”; det. and type

labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). Two more females,

nos. 312 and 1117 in NMI are paralectotypes.

The nos. 1118 and 1119 in NMI belong to P.

otanes but have no type status since they have

the green pin heads and thus are of Irish origin.

The specimens nos. 305—311 and 1116 in NMI

under this name are different species.

Platygaster pedasus Walker

Platygaster pedasus Walker, 1835: 265, 266 (@);

Masner, 1965: 138.

Type locality: “July; on grass in fields; near

London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in

BMNH: “Platygaster pedasus, Wlk.” and

“Stood under this name in old BM collection

(Rearranged 1928, J.W)”; “Pedasus Wk.”;

“TYPES; (BM TPE SEMM 96002 dersand

type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). The female no.

392 in NMI is of a different species. The lecto-

type has the last antennal segment of the right

antenna missing.

Platygaster pelias Walker

Platygaster pelias Walker, 1835: 247, 248 (9).

Prosactogaster pelias (Walker); Kieffer, 1926: 772.

Platygaster pelias Walker; Masner, 1965: 138.

Type locality: “Found near London. August;

on willows, in Ireland; Mr. Haliday.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“294”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster pelias”; det. and type

labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). Two more females,

nos. 1063 and 1064 in NMI are paralectotypes.

The lectotype seems to originate from England

and is Walker material. The two paralectotypes

are apparently from Ireland and are labelled:

}

Vrug & De V. GRAHAM: Types of Platygastridae 127

“Salix Aug.” ; a small square label “31” (which

means 1831) and a label “Pelias”. Both these fe-

males are glued on one card. In the NMI are

two more females (nos. 292 and 293) and in the

BMNH one female (9.624); these specimens

have strong notauli, whereas Walker states:

“mesothoracis parapsidum suturae vix conspic-

uae;” these are not considered paralectotypes.

Platygaster philinna Walker

Platygaster philinna Walker, 1835: 255 (@).

Type locality: “Found near London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“332”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster philinna”; det. and

type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982).

Platygaster pleuron Walker

| Platygaster pleuron Walker, 1835: 253 (d 9).

| Polygnotus pleuron (Walker); Kieffer, 1926: 739, 740

(fig. 300a, b).

Platygaster pleuron Walker; Masner, 1965: 138 (type

designation).

Type locality: “April to June; on grass in

fields; near London.”

Lectotype female (designated by Masner,

1965), in BMNH: “Platygaster pleuron Wk.”

and “Stood under this name in old BM collec-

tion (Rearranged 1928, J.W)”; “Pleuron Wk.”;

BENBE BM. TYPE HYM. 9.607”; “Lecto-

type L.M.”. One more male is paralectotype in

BMNH. Additional material: One male in

BMNH and one male in NMI (no. 314). The

rest of the specimens in NMI belong to different

species (nos. 315—318 and 1093—1098).

Platygaster plotina Walker

Platygaster plotinus Walker, 1835: 265 (d 2); Masner,

1965: 139.

Type locality: “Found near London.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in BMNH:

“Platygaster plotinus Wlk.” and “Stood under

this name in old BM collection (Rearranged

BTW); Plotinus Wk.”; “TYPE”; “B.M.

TYPE HYM. 9.593”; det. and type labels (H. J.

Vlug, 1982). Three specimens under this name

in NMI (390, 391 and 1145) do not belong to P.

plotina.

Platygaster rutubus Walker

Platygaster rutubus Walker, 1835: 242 (d).

Isocybus rutubus (Walker); Kieffer, 1926: 724; Fitton

et al., 1978: 121.

Type locality: “June; Windsor Forest.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in NMI:

“276”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster rutubus”; det. and

type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982).

Platygaster sagana Walker

Platygaster sagana Walker, 1835: 267 (4 2); Masner,

1965: 139.

Type locality: “July; on grass in fields; near

London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in

BMNH: “Platygaster sagana, Wilk.” and

“Stood under this name in old BM collection

(Rearranged 1928, J.W)”; “Sagana Wk”;

ONDER 6 MI PESENM E9 60/18; det tand

type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). One female, no.

396 and one male, no. 397 in NMI are paralec-

totypes.

Platygaster sonchis Walker

Platygaster sonchis Walker, 1835: 253 (6 2); Masner,

1965: 139.

Type locality: “April to July; on grass in

fields; near London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“320”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster sonchis”; det. and type

labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). The female in BMNH

(9.587) does not fit the description. The speci-

mens nos. 319 and 321—323 in NMI belong to

different species.

Platygaster sterope Walker

Platygaster sterope Walker, 1835: 256 (@); Masner,

1965: 139.

Type locality: “Found near London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in

BMNH: “Platygaster sterope Wlk.” and “Stood

under this name in old BM collection (Rear-

ranged 1928, J.W)”; “Sterope Wk.”; “TYPE”;

“B.M. TYPE HYM. 9.591”; det. and type labels

(H. J. Vlug, 1982).

Platygaster strato Walker

Platygaster strato Walker, 1835: 263, 264 (3 2).

Type locality: “New Lanark, Scotland.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in BMNH:

“NL” (at underside of mounting card, which

has a gold-painted edge; NL means New Lan-

ark); “Platygaster strato Wlk.” and “Stood un-

128 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 6, 1984

der this name in old BM collection (Rearranged

1923 OW BER Strato Wik.” Sale SIBA

TYPE HYM. 9.597”; det. and type labels (H. J.

Vlug, 1982). The male no. 384 in NMI has also

the remark NL and is considered paralectotype.

In NMI are four more specimens under this

name (383 and 385—387), which are not con-

sidered to be paralectotypes.

Platygaster taras Walker

Platygaster taras Walker, 1835: 253, 254 (6 9); Mas-

ner, 1965: 139 (type designation).

Type locality: “May; on grass in fields; near

London.”

Lectotype female (designated by Masner,

1965), in BMNH: “Platygaster taras Wk.” and

“Stood under this name in old BM collection

(Rearranged 171928, UBE N 7 WW keer

“TYPE? BAM ENENDIEPEINAMIE 9,5887; Zleecto-

type L.M.” Four males and females are paralec-

totypes, in BMNH. The specimens in NMI,

nos. 324—327, do not belong to P. taras.

Platygaster tisias Walker

Platygaster tisias Walker, 1835: 247 (@).

Prosactogaster tisias (Walker); Kieffer, 1926: 772.

Platygaster tisias Walker; Masner, 1965: 139.

Type locality: “May; on grass in fields; near

London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in

BMNH: “Platygaster tisias, Wlk.” and “Stood

under this name in old BM collection (Rear-

rane ed 192835 PNA) san ASINI

“B.M. TYPE HYM. 9.625”; det. and type labels

(H. J. Vlug, 1982). Two more females, nos. 287

and 288 in NMI are designated as paralecto-

types. Nos. 285, 286 and 289 in NMI are differ-

ent species.

Platygaster (Urocyclops) vaenia Walker

Platygaster vaenia Walker, 1835: 248 (2).

Misocyclops vaenia (Walker); Kieffer, 1926: 778, 779.

Platygaster vaenia Walker; Fitton et al., 1978: 122.

Type locality: “May; on grass in fields; near

London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“1167”; “Box 16”; det. and type labels (H. J.

Vlug, 1982). The type has the red pin head

which indicates its English origin. The female

no. 295 in NMI is a Leptacis sp. P. vaenia be-

longs in the subgenus Urocyclops Maneval (sen-

su Huggert, 1974).

Platygaster vestinus Walker

Platygaster vestinus Walker, 1835: 260 (&).

Platygaster vestina Walker; Dalla Torre, 1898: 477.

Platygaster vestinus Walker; Kieffer, 1926: 824;

Masner, 1965: 140.

Type locality: “September; near the Land’s

End, Cornwall.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in NMI;

“360”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster vestinus”; det. and

type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). Another male,

no. 358 in NMI is a paralectotype. The females

9.603 in BMNH and nos. 357 and 359 in NMI

have no type status. The males in the Vienna

Museum under this name are not conspecific.

Platygaster xeneus Walker

Platygaster xeneus Walker, 1838: 453 (2).

Misocyclops xeneus (Walker); Kieffer, 1926: 781, 782.

Platygaster xeneus Walker; Fitton et al., 1978: 122.

Type locality: “Found by Mr. Haliday, in

September, at Holywood, near Belfast, Ire-

land.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“September 1836” (handwritten, on underside

of mounting card); “xeneus” (handwritten, on

green label); “Type”; “167”; “Box 23. Stood in

original Haliday collection under Platygaster

xeneus”; det. and type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982).

Platygaster zosine Walker

Platygaster zosine Walker, 1835: 266 (4).

Polygnotus zozini (sic!) (Walker); Marchal, 1897: 93.

Platygaster zosine Walker, Fitton et al., 1978: 122.

‘Type locality: “Found near London.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in NMI:

“zozine” (sic!) (handwritten); “393”; “Box 23.

Stood in original Haliday collection under

Platygaster zosine”; det. and type labels (H. J.

Vlug, 1982).

Synopeas Foerster

Synopeas abaris (Walker)

Platygaster abaris Walker, 1835: 230 (d 9).

Synopeas abaris (Walker); Marshall, 1873: 19; Mas-

ner, 1965: 140.

Type locality: “August to October; on grass

beneath trees; near London.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in BMNH:

“Platygaster abaris, Wk.” and “Stood under this

name in old BM collection (Rearranged 1928,

‘ly

VruG & De V. GRAHAM: Types of Platygastridae

INR Abans Wk”; “TYPE”; “B.M. TYPE

HYM. 9.580”; det. and type labels (H. J. Vlug,

1982). Two more males, nos. 197 and 198 in

NMI are paralectotypes.

Synopeas acco (Walker)

Platygaster acco Walker, 1835: 229 (9).

Synopeas acco (Walker); Marshall, 1873: 19.

Type locality: “Found in Ireland, by Mr.

Halıday.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

green label (Irish provenance); “432”; “Box 23.

Stood in original Haliday collection under

Platygaster acco”; det. and type labels (H. J.

Vlug, 1982). In NMI some of the remaining

specimens under this name (box 16) belong to

Synopeas acco but their provenance is uncertain

(nos. 973— 979).

Synopeas craterus (Walker)

Platygaster craterus Walker, 1835: 224 (2).

Ectadius craterus (Walker); Foerster, 1856: 113, 144.

Polymecus craterus (Walker); Foerster, 1856: 113,

144.

Synopeas craterus (Walker); Thomson, 1859: 71.

Ectadius craterus (Walker); Kieffer, 1926: 654.

Leptacis craterus (Walker); Muesebeck & Walkley,

1956: 349.

Synopeas craterus (Walker); Masner, 1964: 149; Mas-

ner, 1965: 141; Kozlov, 1971: 62.

Type locality: “July; on grass in fields; near

London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“crateru” (at underside of mounting card; “s” is

cut off); “craterus”; “1168”; “Box 16”; det. and

type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). In NMI two ad-

ditional females (nos. 185 and 1291) and in

BMNH one female (9.632) are paralectotypes.

Synopeas euryale (Walker)

Platygaster euryale Walker, 1835: 229 (2).

Synopeas euryale (Walker); Marshall, 1873: 19.

Type locality: “Found once at Holywood, in

Ireland, by Mr. Haliday.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

23” (1823?); “Euryale”; green (Irish) label;

“964”; “Box 16”; det. and type labels (H. J.

Vlug, 1982). The type is pinned with a green

headed pin. The specimens nos. 159—162 in

u NMI do not belong to S. euryale.

his

Synopeas hyllus (Walker)

Platygaster hyllus Walker, 1835: 274 (2).

129

Misocyclops hyllus (Walker); Kieffer, 1926: 778.

Type locality: “Found in Ireland, by Mr.

Haliday.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“Hyllas 3 10357; “Box 1673) detsanditype:la=

bels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). Nine other females, nos.

399, 1033, 1034 and 1036—1042 in NMI are

paralectotypes. The female 9.630 in BMNH is a

Platygaster sp.

Synopeas jasius (Walker)

Platygaster jasius Walker, 1835: 228 (3 ©).

Synopeas jasius (Walker); Marshall, 1873: 19.

Type locality: “August and October; on grass

in fields; near London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI;

“194”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster jasius”; det. and type

labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). The male no. 195 in

NMI is not conspecific; it resembles Synopeas

rhanis.

Synopeas larides (Walker)

Platygaster larides Walker, 1835: 232 (à).

Synopeas larides (Walker); Marshall, 1873: 19; Mas-

ner, 1965: 141.

Type locality: “July; on grass in fields; near

London.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in BMNH:

“Platygaster larides, WIk.” and “Stood under

this name in old BM collection (Rearranged

192] Wee Landes” DYRE2 BSM IDE

HYM. 9.582”; det. and type labels (H. J. Vlug,

1982). One further male, no. 211 in NMI is a

paralectotype.

Synopeas mamertes Kieffer

Platygaster mamertes Walker, 1835: 227 (4; 9 ?).

Synopeas mamertes (Walker); Foerster, 1856: 114;

Marshall, 1873: 19 (6; 2?); Kieffer, 1926: 686 (4,

not ©) (Proved to be a Piestopleura sp. See Piesto-

pleura mamertes.)

Ectadius mamertes (Walker); Kieffer, 1926: 654 (@).

(This is Kieffer’s interpretation of the © doubtful-

ly included in Walker’s description, so it should be

Ectadius mamertes Kieffer, 1926.)

Ectadius gynomamertes Hincks, 1944: 38 (2, not gd)

(this is an invalid renaming because the descrip-

tion of Kieffer, 1926, is valid); Fitton et al., 1978:

122.

Type locality:. “Found in September, on wil-

lows, at Holywood, in Ireland, by Mr. Hal-

iday.”

130 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 6, 1984

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

Sale Aus; MeT (SZ TER eam entesk:

“1018”; det. and type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982).

One more female paralectotype in NMI (no.

1016). A third female, no. 1017 in NMI presum-

ably is not Irish.

Synopeas myles (Walker)

Platygaster myles Walker, 1835: 226 (9).

Synopeas myles (Walker); Foerster, 1856: 114; Mar-

shall, 1873: 19; Kozlov, 1971: 62; Fitton et al,

1978: 122.

Type locality: “Found at Holywood, in Ire-

land, by Mr. Haliday.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“type 2”; “431”; “Box 23. Stood in original

Haliday collection under Platygaster myles”;

det. and type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). Two

more females, nos. 965 and 966 in NMI are par-

alectotypes. No. 967 in NMI is of a different

species.

Synopeas (Sactogaster) osaces (Walker)

Platygaster osaces Walker, 1835: 222, 223 (9).

Sactogaster osaces (Walker); Foerster, 1856: 113, 114.

Synopeas osaces (Walker), Fitton et al., 1978: 122.

Type locality: “September; on grass in fields;

near London. Found once in September on wil-

lows at Holywood, in Ireland, by Mr. Haliday.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“ventr”; “13” (1813); “osaces” (green label,

handwritten); “164; “Box 23. Stood in original

Haliday collection under Platygaster osaces”;

det. and type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). In spite

of the fact that Walker collected more material

from the surroundings of London, this Irish

specimen is the only specimen which could be

found in both BMNH and NMI. It fits the orig-

inal description well.

Synopeas rhanis (Walker)

Platygaster rhanis Walker, 1835: 225, 226 (9).

Synopeas rhanis (Walker); Marshall, 1873: 19; Mas-

ner, 1965: 142.

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“191”; “Box 23”; “Stood in original Haliday

collection under Platygaster rhanis”; det. and

type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). One more female,

9.579 in BMNH is a paralectotype; this speci-

men lacks the m etasoma.

Synopeas sosis (Walker)

Platygaster sosis Walker, 1835: 224, 225 (8 2).

Synopeas sosis (Walker); Marshall, 1873: 19; Muese-

beck & Walkley, 1956: 401; Masner, 1965: 142

(type designation).

Platygaster sosis Walker; Vlug, 1973: 182.

Type locality: “May to August; on grass in

fields; near London. Found by Mr. Haliday on

willows, at Holywood, in Ireland.”

Lectotype male (designated by Masner,

1965), in BMNH: “Sosis Wk”; Platygaster sosis

WIk”; and “Stood under this name in old BM

collection (Rearranged 1928, J.W.”; “TYPE”;

“Lectotype L.M.”; “selected as lectotype of

Platygaster sosis Walker, 1835 male. By L.

Masner, 13.XII.1965”; “B.M. TYPE HYM.

9.578”; “Synopeas sosis (Walk.) det. Huggert

—77”. One more male in BMNH is paralecto-

type. Most of the additional material in NMI is

conspecific (nos. 186—190 and 968—972). Left

antenna and left wings of the lectotype are

mounted on a microslide and pinned on the

same pin as the lectotype by L. Huggert.

Synopeas (Sactogaster) tarsa (Walker)

Platygaster tarsa Walker, 1835: 227, 228 (2).

Synopeas tarsa (Walker); Marshall, 1873: 19.

Sactogaster tarsa (Walker); Kieffer, 1926: 664.

Synopeas (Sactogaster) tarsa (Walker); Kozlov, 1978:

647— 664.

Type locality: “August; on grass in fields;

near London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

Green label; “163”; “Box 23. Stood in original

Haliday collection under Platygaster tarsa”;

det. and type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). In spite

of the green “Irish” label, I regard this specimen

as the lectotype; the description fits accurately

and this green label might eventually have been

changed because of the four different pin holes

in it. In addition, the method of mounting and

of pinning the mounting card indicates that it

might be a Walker specimen.

Synopeas trebius (Walker)

Platygaster trebius Walker, 1835: 231 (82).

Synopeas trebius (Walker); Marshall, 1873: 19; Mas-

ner, 1965: 143.

Type locality: “Found near London.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in NMI:

“207”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster trebius”; det. and type

labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). One female, no. 208 in

NMI is a paralectotype. The rest of the speci-

mens in NMI, nos. 205, 206 and 209 and the

VruG & DE V. GRAHAM: Types of Platygastridae 131

specimen in the BMNH 9.581 are different spe-

cies.

Synopeas velutinus (Walker)

Platygaster velutinus Haliday, in Curus, 1830: folio

309 (second page) (? sex) (nomen nudum).

Platygaster relutinus (sic!) Walker, 1835: 216 (32)

(figs. 5, 6) (first description).

Platygaster velutinus Walker, 1872: 536 (49) (2

figs.); Kieffer, 1914: plate 10, figs. 5, 6.

There exists no actual description of this spe-

cies. The name appeared for the first time in

Curtis’ “British Entomology” of 1830, where it

is headed under the section I: “Scutellum pro-

duced or mucronated”; however, this cannot be

adopted as a description. Later, Walker gives

figures of both male and female antennae in his

paper of 1835 (plate 12, figs. 5, 6). The species

appears here under the name Platygaster reluti-

nus, what seems to be a typographical error (a

handwritten “vy” and “r” can be rather similar).

Walker, in 1872, gives again the same figures

of the antennae; here the species name is cited as

Platygaster velutinus. In the Haliday collection

| in NMI one Synopeas female was found, pro-

vided with the name “velutinus”. It was

mounted by Haliday and it stands above a label

in Walker’s handwriting “velutinus”. There is

no indication of provenance. Lectotype female

(designated here), in NMI: “velutinus”; “430”;

“Box 23. Stood in original Haliday collection

under Platygaster velutinus”; det. and type la-

bels (H. J. Vlug, 1982).

Trichacis Foerster

Trichacis didas (Walker)

Platygaster didas Walker, 1835: 240 (SP).

Trichacis didas (Walker); Foerster, 1856: 115.

Trichasis (sic!) didas (Walker); Walker, 1872: 540.

Trichacis didas (Walker); Masner, 1965: 143.

Type locality: “June; on grass in woods; near

London.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in NMI:

“264”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster didas”; det. and type

labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). Two more females, no.

263 in NMI and 9.614 in BMNH are paralecto-

types.

Trichacis pisis (Walker)

Bary caster piss Walker, 1835: 238, 239(d 9).

Trichacis pisis (Walker); Foerster, 1856: 115.

Trichasis (sic!) pisis (Walker); Walker, 1872: 540.

Trichacis pisis (Walker); Muesebeck & Walkley, 1956:

404; Masner, 1965: 143.

Type locality: “May and June; on grass in

woods; near London.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in NMI:

“256”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster pisis”; det. and type

labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). One male, no. 259 and

one female, no. 258 in NMI are paralectotypes.

Nos. 1070 and 1071 in NMI have no type status

(Irish origin). The nos. 257 in NMI and 9.613 in

BMNH are different species.

Trichacis remulus (Walker)

Platygaster remulus Walker, 1835: 239, 240 (3 2).

Trichacis remulus (Walker); Foerster, 1856: 115.

Trichasis (sic!) remulus (Walker); Walker, 1872: 540.

Trichacis remulus (Walker); Muesebeck & Walkley,

1956: 404; Masner, 1965: 143.

Type locality: “June; on grass in woods; near

London.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in NMI:

“262”; “Box 23. Stood in original Haliday col-

lection under Platygaster remulus”; det. and

type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). Two more fe-

males, no. 261 in NMI and 9.612 in BMNH are

paralectotypes.

Acerotella Masner

Acerotella boter (Walker)

Inostemma boter Walker, 1838: 454, 455 (8 @).

Acerota boter (Walker); Kieffer, 1914: 372, 373;

Szelényi, 1938: 102.

Acerotella boter (Walker); Masner, 1964: 148; Mas-

ner, 1980: 1291—1303.

Type locality: “Found by Mr. Haliday, in

September, at Holywood, near Belfast, Ire-

land.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“boter”; “1202”; “Box 16”; det. and type labels

(H.J. Vlug, 1982). One female and one male in

NMI, respectively nos. 1200 and 1201, are para-

lectotypes. No. 1199 is mounted in quite a dif-

ferent way and is thus not considered to be a

paralectotype.

Allotropa Foerster

Eurostemma Szelényi, 1938, syn. nov.

Allotropa europus (Walker)

Inostemma europus Walker, 1838: 455 (d).

Metaclisis europus (Walker); Kieffer, 1914: 366, 367.

132 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 6, 1984

Parinostemma europus (Walker); Kieffer, 1926: 566,

567.

Eurostemma europus (Walker); Szelényi, 1938: 99,

102; Muesebeck & Walkley, 1956: 353.

Metaclisis europus (Walker); Fitton et al., 1978: 120.

Type locality: “Found by Mr. Haliday, at

Holywood, near Belfast, Ireland.”

Lectotype female (see introduction) (desig-

nated here), in NMI: “1225”; “Haliday. NMI

20-2-82”; det. and type labels (H. J. Vlug,

1982). Additional material: nos. 1226, 1227 in

NMI.

Allotropa mecrida (Walker)

Inostemma mecrida Walker, 1835: 273 (6 2).

Allotropa mecrida (Walker); Foerster, 1856: 109;

Walker, 1872: 540; Muesebeck & Walkley, 1956:

326; Vlug, 1973: 180.

Type locality: “Found near London.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in “Natur-

historisches Museum” in Vienna: “Or. Ex.”;

“20. Hal.” and something written in scribbling

handwriting, possibly gothic (written by

Foerster); “Först.” (printed); “Collect. G.

Mayr”; “All. Mecrida Hal. det. Förster”; det.

and type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1984). Additional

material: One male and one female in “Natur-

historisches Museum” in Vienna, collected and

mounted on micropins by Foerster. No material

found either in NMI or BMNH.

Inostemma Haliday

Inostemma favo Walker

Inostemma favo Walker, 1838: 454 (2).

Acerota favo (Walker); Kieffer, 1914:372 (6 9).

Inostemma favo Walker; Szelényi, 1937—38: 112.

Acerota favo (Walker); Kozlov, 1966: 97.

Inostemma favo Walker; Fitton et al., 1978: 120.

Type locality: “Found by Mr. Haliday, at

Holywood, near Belfast, Ireland.” Because

Kieffer (1914) combined both the description of

Inostemma favo and Inostemma boter, he con-

cluded that Walker described a male as well as a

female. In fact, only a female was described by

Walker.

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“1182”; “Box 16”;,det. and type labels (H.J.

Vlug, 1982). Three females in NMI, nos. 1180,

1181 and 1186 are paralectotypes. Four females

in NMI, nos. 1174—1177, glued together on

one card, are not considered paralectotypes be-

cause they bear a label “39”, which means 1839.

These specimens are therefore of later date. The

female no. 1179 in NMI also has no type status

because it is English (red pin head).

Inostemma hispo Walker, nomen dubium

Inostemma hispo Walker, 1838: 453, 454 (@).

Brachinostemma hispo (Walker); Szelényi, 1937—38:

112.

Parinostemma hispo (Walker); Szelényi, 1937—38:

112.

Brachinostemma hispo (Walker); Szelényi, 1938: 102.

Metaclisis hispo (Walker), Fitton et al., 1978: 120.

Type locality: “Found by Mr. Haliday, at

Holywood, near Belfast, Ireland.”

Remarks: see introduction.

Inostemma lycon Walker

Inostemma lycon Walker, 1835: 269, 270 (2); Mas-

ner, 1965: 130.

Type locality: “Found near London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in

BMNH: “TYPE”; “lycon Wk”; “Inostemma

lycon, Wk.” and “Stood under this name in old

BM collection (Rearranged 1928, J.W.)”; “B.M.

TYPE HYM. 9.553”; det. and type labels (H. J.

Vlug, 1982).

Inostemma melicerta Walker

Inostemma melicerta Walker, 1835: 269 (2).

Inostemma melicerata (sic!) Walker; Masner, 1965:

130.

Type locality: “June and July; near London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in

BMNH: “TYPE”; “melicerta Wk.” “Inostem-

ma melicerta, Wk.” and “Stood under this name

in old BM collection (Rearranged 1928, J.W.)”;

“B.M. TYPE HYM. 9.551”; det. and type labels

(H. J. Vlug, 1982). The females under this name

in NMI are different species.

Inostemma menippus Walker

Inostemma menippus Walker, 1835: 270 (& ©); Mas-

ner, 1965: 130.

Type locality: “July; on grass in woods; near

London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in

BMNH: “Inostemma menippus, Wk.” and

“Stood under this name in old BM collection

(Rearranged 1928, J.W.)”; “Menippus Wk.”;

“TYPE”; “B.M. TYPE HYM. 9.554”; det. and

type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). Two females,

nos. 1194 and 1195 in NMI are considered para-

lectotypes.

Viuc & DE V. GRAHAM: Types of Platygastridae 133

Inostemma walkeri Kieffer

| Inostemma bosci (Jurine) (sensu Walker), Walker,

| 1835: 268,269 (d 2).

_ Inostemma walkeri Kieffer, 1914:384 (d ©); Masner,

| 1965: 130 (type designation).

Type locality: “On grass in woods, near Lon-

| don; during the summer and autumn. June;

| New Forest, Hampshire. New Lanark, Scot-

| land. Found by Mr. Haliday, on Cerealia, in

England, Ireland and Scotland.”

Lectotype female (designated by Masner), in

BEMNEI: “Bosca; “TYPE”: “B.M. TYPE

| HYM. 9.552”; “Lectotype L.M.” The lectotype

| has the left antenna missing. Two females and

| two males are paralectotypes.

Iphitrachelus Haliday

| Iphitrachelus lar Haliday

Iphitrachelus lar Haliday, in Walker, 1835: 273, 274

| (8) (fig. 1); Walker, 1851: 453 —458.

Iphitrachelus lar Walker, Muesebeck & Walkley,

1956: 362; Masner, 1957: 1 (redescription).

Type locality: “Found in August, by Mr.

Haliday, in the Isle of Arran, Scotland.”

Lectotype male (designated here), in NMI:

“Collin Glen”; “1173”; “Box 16”; det. and type

labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). Two males, nos. 1171

and 1172, which are conspecific, are not consid-

ered type material; they are of Irish origin. The

female, described by Walker, 1851, could not be

found.

Isostasius Foerster

Isostasius atinas (Walker)

Inostemma atinas Walker, 1835: 272 (2).

Monocrita atinas (Walker); Foerster,

Muesebeck & Walkley, 1956: 372.

Isostasius atinas (Walker); Masner, 1965: 131.

1856: 109;

Type locality: “Found near London”.

Lectotype female (designated here), in

BMNH: “Jnostemma atinas, Wk.” and “Stood

under this name in old BM collection (Rear-

ranged 1928, J.W.)”; “Atinas Wk.”; “TYPE”;

“B.M. TYPE HYM. 9.557”; det. and type labels

(H. J. Vlug, 1982).

Isostasius scrutator (Walker)

Inostemma scrutator Walker, 1835: 270, 271 (@).

Isostasius scrutator (Walker); Bazin, 1856: 27—30

(fig. 5); Masner, 1965: 131 (type designation).

Type locality: “June; on grass in woods; near

London. Found rarely by Mr. Haliday, on Ce-

realia, at Holywood, in Ireland.”

Lectotype female (designated by Masner,

1965), in BMNH: “Dsvgns. 6852”; “Inostem-

ma scrutator Wk.” and “Stood under this name

in old BM collection (Rearranged 1928, J.W.)”;

on schutatons: sly PE, SB MEY PE) EIYM.

9238 3, Lectoty per LW 2; 2Selected. as, leeto-

type of J. scrutator Walk. by L. Masner

7.XI1.1961.” Additional material: One female

in BMNH and six females, nos. 1203—1208 in

NMI.

Metaclisis Foerster

Metaclisis areolatus (Haliday)

Inostemma areolata Haliday, in Walker, 1835: 272 (3

2), (figs. 16—20).

Metaclisis areolata (Haliday); Foerster, 1856: 109.

Metaclisis areolatus (Haliday); Kieffer, 1926: 569,

570; Muesebeck & Walkley, 1956: 369; Vlug,

1973: 181.

Type locality: “Found by Mr. Haliday, on

grass in drains of the seacoast, at Holywood, in

Ireland;”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

“H. Wood”; green label; “1223—4”; “Halıday

N.M.I. 20-2-82”; “Box 16”; det. and type labels

(H. J. Vlug, 1982). Two females are glued to-

gether on one card: nos. 1223 and 1224; the

right female, no. 1224, has been chosen as lecto-

type. Four males and ten females in NMI are

paralectotypes (nos. 1121, 1210, 1211 and

1213—1223). The female in the Vienna Museum

(Vlug, 1973) is considered to be a paralectotype.

Metaclisis ocaleus (Walker)

Inostemma ocalea Walker, 1838: 456 (©).

Parinostemma ocalea (Walker); Szelényi, 1937—38:

125, 126.

Metaclisis ocalea (Walker); Fitton et al., 1978: 120.

Type locality: “Found near London.”

Lectotype female (designated here), in NMI:

small white label; “1045”; “Box 16”; det. and

type labels (H. J. Vlug, 1982). The mounting

card is provided with two females of which one

is mounted on its side, close to the pin, missing

head and metasoma; this female is a paralecto-

type. The other female, far removed from the

pin, is mounted on its back and is designated as

the lectotype. These females are obviously

mounted by Haliday whereas the description is

from Walker. Nevertheless, these specimens

could have been caught and/or mounted by

134

Haliday although the type locality is near Lon-

don. The lectotype exactly fits the description.

REFERENCES

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les plus grands Ravages dans nos dernières

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Curtis, J., 1830. British Entomology; being illustra-

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in other collections. — Proc. R. Ir. Acad. 82B:

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664.

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Spol. ent. 54: 1—8.

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Masner, L., 1965. The types of Proctotrupoidea

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der Platygasteriden, nebst Beschreibung zwei

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ISS

DEEL 127 AFLEVERING 7 1984

TIJDSCHRIET

_ VOOR ENTOMQLOGIE

i UITGEGEVEN DOOR UNA RD

VERSITY

DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING

INHOUD

_ C. VAN ACHTERBERG. — Revision of the genera of Braconini with first and second

metasomal tergites immovably joined (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Braconinae),

pp. 137—164, figs. 1—153.

_ | Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, deel 127, afl. 7 „Gepubliceerd 31-XII-1984

n 2 sa zer D por L =

ida CR

. I

“av

‘ er

“

OM Le rr VOR LTE Bae

REVISION OF THE GENERA OF BRACONINI WITH FIRST

AND SECOND METASOMAL TERGITES IMMOVABLY

JOINED (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE, BRACONINAE)

C. VAN ACHTERBERG

Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, The Netherlands

ABSTRACT

The genera of the Braconini with the 1ste and 2nd tergites immovably joined are keyed

and illustrated. Four new genera are described: Apotosoma (type-species: À. latimarginale

sp. nov.), Aspidobracon (type-species: A. pierrei sp. nov.), Hyboteles (type-species: H.

toxopeusi sp. nov.), and Pedinopleura (type-species: P. emarginata sp. nov.). In addition to

the four new type-species, three new species are described: Apotosoma melateles sp. nov.,

Aspidobracon hesperivorus sp. nov., and A. noyesi sp. nov. A lectotype is designated for

Physaraia furcata (Guérin-Méneville, 1848). The genera are divided into two new sub-

tribes: the Physaraiina (based on the genus Physaraia Shenefelt), and the Aspidobraconina

(based on the genus Aspidobracon nov.)

INTRODUCTION

During my visit to the Paris Museum in 1979

I received a vial with specimens belonging to a

genus unknown to me, reared by Mr. Jacques

Pierre from Acraea cepheus (L.) (Lepidoptera,

Nymphalidae, Acraeinae) on Caloncoba wel-

witschu Gilg. (Flacourtiaceae) and supposed to

be infesting the egg-stage of the host. However,

the vial contained no traces of eggs, only a

chrysalis of the butterfly with a hole in it, and

several cocoons of the parasites. Considering

this, as well the size of the adult parasite (2.7-3

| mm) and of the eggs of the host (1—1.5 mm by

10.5 mm), it is certainly not an egg-parasite.

There remains the possibility that the eggs were

\ infested, and that the embryo of the parasite re-

| mained dormant till the larva of the host was

| large enough for complete development of the

parasite. However, this would indicate that it is

an endoparasite, a feature unknown up to now

\ in the Braconinae. For the moment it is most

\ likely that the host reared from the egg-stage

\ (Mr. Pierre, in litt.) was infested in the larval or

| pupal stage and that the gregarious parasite-lar-

|vae live as parasite in the host-chrysalis. The

\emergence from the pupa of the host is an ex-

\ceptional feature in the Braconinae. All other

| genera of Braconinae are (as far known) ectopa-

\rasitic on holometabolous larvae. In this paper

the genus Aspidobracon is described to include

{this species, together with other taxa in the Bra-

conini possessing the peculiar feature of the im-

movably joined 1st and 2nd tergites.

For the terminology used in this paper, see

Van Achterberg, 1979: 242-249; the term

“thyloid” (not mentioned in that paper) is used

for the elongate sensillae on the antennal seg-

ments (figs. 2, 16, 136), and for the term “sub-

ocular groove”, see fig. 72.

PHYLOGENY

The group of genera treated in this paper be-

longs to the tribe Braconini Stephens of the Bra-

coninae, defined by the robust scapus, which is

truncate apically and ventrally as long as dorsal-

ly or somewhat shorter (in lateral view) (figs.

12, 45, 111, 137) and by vein 1r-m of hind wing

shorter than vein SC+R1 (figs. 3, 30, 114, 138).

The genera of the Braconini with 1st and 2nd

tergites immovably joined (figs. 1, 41, 135)

share a strong and complete medio-longitudinal

carina on the propodeum (figs. 117, 147, but ab-

sent (secondarily lost?) in Physaraia), and meso-

scutum regularly and (rather) densely setose.

These features are also present in the Plesiobra-

con group as defined by Van Achterberg (1983:

185). Especially the Afrotropical genus Carini-

bracon Van Achterberg, 1983, resembles the

genera treated in this paper. It has the 6th ter-

gite sculptured, and it shares the strong dorsal

carinae of the Ist tergite with several genera.

Different are the movably joined 1ste and 2nd

137

138 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 7, 1984

tergites, the wide obtuse lobe of the tarsal claws,

and the minute medio-basal area of the 2nd ter-

gite. Both other genera of the Plesiobracon

group differ by the smooth 6th tergite. The ge-

nus Kenema Van Achterberg, 1983, differs also

by the robust 2nd submarginal cell of the fore

wing (but shares with Physaraia the medial cari-

na on the mesoscutum and the sculpture of the

head and mesoscutum). The genus Plesiobracon

Cameron, 1903, differs by the shape of the

claws, of the 4th tergite, and by the sculpture of

the metasoma.

The genera treated in this paper fall into two

distinct groups: the Physaraiina (subtribus nov.,

containing only Physaraia Shenefelt, 1978) and

the Aspidobraconina (subtribus nov., based on

Aspidobracon gen. nov., and including six more

Table 1. Synoptic table of most important character-states of the genera treated in this paper.

Genus

Plesiobracon

group

® = apomorphous

Ist and 2nd tergite

immovably joined

metasomal sutures

largely absent

3rd tergite forked

clypeus with

dorsal carina

mesoscutum with

complete carina

lateral margin of

2nd and 3rd ter-

gites slanted

inwards

claws simple

eyes with subocular

groove

metanotum with

longitudinal carina

® e oo © B OO 0.0

propodeum with

longitudinal carina

pleural sulcus smooth ®

mesosternal suture ®

smooth

6th tergite emarginate O

antescutal depression ®

present

lateral margin of 3rd ®

tergite lamelliform

3rd tergite widened O

laterally

ovipositor short @

metanotum protruding ©

3rd tergite with ®

antero-lateral grooves

dorsal carinae of lst ®

tergite absent

Physaraia

00 O @ OO

retracted

OF 88070: ©

O ® e > @ ® O @ © ® ® ® ® O O O O (©) O ® Dioxybracon

@ 609 e @ OO ee 6 © OO © 0 OO © © ?rotosoma

O © ® ® OK ) 00 @ ® 00 © @ (OO) @ ® Pedinopleura

O 006 O ® OO 00 ® © (X) © © OO O @ Hyboteles

genera). The Physaraiina differ by six apomor-

phous character-states from the Aspidobraconi-«

na: i) the reduction of the metasomal sutures, ii)

3rd tergite forked posteriorly, 11) 4th-6th ter-

gites completely retracted, iv) lateral margin of ©

2nd and 3rd tergites slanted inwards, v) clypeus

with dorsal carina, vi) mesoscutum with medial

carina more or less developed. Except for the

immovably joined 1st and 2nd tergites, and the.

medial carina of the metanotum, scarcely any

synapomorphous character-states united the

Physaraiina with the Aspidobraconina; this

makes it uncertain if they are sister-groups, as

depicted in fig. 153. Because no other group is

known to be more related, this arrangement a

the most plausible for the moment, despite ng

lack of synapomorphies.

Gta

Eutropobracon

@E plesiomorphous |

ist and 2nd tergite

movably joined

metasomal sutures

completely developed

3rd tergite without forks

clypeus without dorsal

carina

mesoscutum without longis

tudinal carina

lateral margin of 2nd an

3rd tergites confluent w

rest of tergites, direct.

ventrally

claws with lobe or lamely

eyes without subocular

groove

metanotum without

longitudinal carina

propodeum without

longitudinal carina

pleural sulcus crenulate!

mesosternal groove smo

6th tergite truncate

antescutal depression

absent

lateral margin of 3rd

tergite thick

3rd tergite not widened)

laterally

ovipositor comparativele

metanotum blunt dorsalll

3rd tergite without anti

lateral grooves

O @e® Oo © OO OO 6 e 00 0 0 DO O © Aspidobracon

O Oe® O O 60 OO ® @ O @ © © OO © @ Philomacroploea

Ors 0e, ©0400 OB OO. Or OO Or ®

dorsal carinae of Ist t

present

The Aspidobraconina consist of two sub-

groups (fig. 153); the group including Pedino-

pleura gen. nov. and three other genera has

a subocular groove, the pleural sulcus and

| mesosternal suture smooth, and occurs in New

Guinea (three genera), Australia (one genus),

| Malagasy (one genus) and Oriental Region (one

genus). The other group (including Aspidobra-

con gen. nov. and two other genera) has these

three characters in the plesiomorphous state

(except Eutropobracon, which has a virtually

smooth mesosternal suture) and is provisional

because of the lack of synapomorphies. All

three genera of this group occur in the Oriental

Region, with additional species in the Afrotrop-

ical Region and Japan. For further details of the

supposed phylogenetic relationships, see fig.

153; the majority of the characters used for the

analysis are listed in table 1.

KEY TO THE GENERA OF BRACONINI WITH ÍST

AND 2ND METASOMAL TERGITES IMMOVABLY

UNITED

1. Carapace of 1st—3rd tergites without deep

transverse sutures medially (fig. 1); 4th—

6th tergites retracted (figs. 1, 6); 3rd tergite

forked apically (fig. 6); clypeus with dorsal

carina (fig. 8); mesoscutum with medial ca-

rina (fig. 11), but sometimes absent; (sub-

BENSON.) |... 0.

. 2 TO SHARP |... Physaraia Shenefelt

Carapace of 1st—3rd tergites with deep and

complete transverse sutures (figs. 13, 66,

121); 4th—6th tergites exposed; 3rd tergite

truncate apically (fig. 27); clypeus without

dorsal carina (figs. 26, 33, 91); mesoscutum

without medial carina (figs. 35, 46, 64);

(subtribe Aspidobraconina nov.)........ 2

. Eye with distinct subocular groove (figs.

21, 29, 72); pleural sulcus smooth (figs. 13,

29, 54, 68); posterior half of mesosternal

suture smooth; tarsal claws with a (small)

ventral lobe (figs. 22, 51) or simple (figs. 37,

(o E 3

Eye without subocular groove (figs. 82, 97,

109, 135); pleural sulcus crenulate (figs. 82,

109, 122, 135); posterior half of mesosternal

suture crenulate, exceptionally obsolete or

smooth (e.g., Eutropobracon); tarsal claws

simple (fig. 102, 142), exceptionally with

DD Ne EEE 6

. Metanotum without complete medio-longi-

tudinal carina (fig. 78); 6th tergite strongly

convex (fig. 68); lateral lamelliform margin

of 3rd tergite narrow, similar to margin of

VAN ACHTERBERG: Genera of Braconini 139

2nd tergite (figs. 68, 77); dorsal carinae of

lst tergite united (fig. 80); tarsal claws

without lobe (fig. 75). . Hyboteles gen. nov.

Metanotum with complete lamelliform me-

dio-longitudinal carina (fig. 35); 6th tergite

at most moderately convex (fig. 29); lateral

lamelliform margin of 3rd tergite widened,

and wider than margin of 2nd tergite (figs.

13, 29, 41, 63, 151); dorsal carinae absent

(figs. 66, 149), or if present then not united

(figs. 27, 39, 53); tarsal claws with small

acute lamella (figs. 22, 51) or virtually ab-

SEHE (INST GONE ets OR 1. RAE 4

. Notauli present (figs. 20, 35, 46); dorsal ca-

rinae of 1st tergite present, and more or less

lamelliform (figs. 27, 39, 53); frons without

narrow V-shaped groove (figs. 32, 44);

lateral margin of 2nd tergite not (fig. 13) or

abruptly (fig. 29) widened posteriorly; me-

dial carina of metanotum tooth-shaped pro-

truding (figs. 13, 29, 41); base of 4th—6th

termites able NS MS 129 41)

oi Met met EN dt: per. 5

Notauli absent (fig. 64); dorsal carinae of

Ist tergite largely absent (figs. 66, 149);

frons with narrow V-shaped groove near

antennal sockets (figs. 65, 152); lateral mar-

gin of 2nd tergite gradually widened poste-

riorly (figs. 63, 151); medial carina of meta-

notum not protruding (fig. 54); 4th—6th

tergites with deep transverse depressions

basally (figs. 67, 151) Apotosoma gen. nov.

. Fifth and 6th tergites deeply impressed bas-

ally (figs. 29, 41); 6th tergite (rather) shal-

lowly emarginate medio-apically (figs. 40,

47); propleuron flattened and with small

posterior flange (figs. 29, 41); occipital

flange very wide, about as wide as mandi-

ble-base and distinctly removed from base

of mandible (figs. 29, 33, 41, 52); middle

lobe of mesoscutum with pair of grooves

anteriorly (figs. 35, 46); mesopleuron

densely sculptured (figs. 29, 41)...........

AE. Pedinopleura gen. nov.

Fifth and 6th tergites less impressed basally

(fig. 13); 6th tergite deeply incised medio-

apically (fig. 28); propleuron comparatively

convex and without distinct posterior

flange (fig. 13); occipital flange narrow,

much narrower than width of mandible-

base and close to base of mandible (figs. 13,

26); middle lobe of mesoscutum without

pair of grooves anteriorly (fig. 20); meso-

pleuron sparsely sculptured (fig. 13) …

Nid ais oe hae à Dioxybracon Granger

140 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 7, 1984

6. Third tergite without lamelliform lateral

margin (fig. 97); 6th tergite semi-circularly

emarginate medio-apically (fig. 108, but less

in é); 2nd tergite with medial carina more

or less developed (fig. 107); antescutal de-

pression present (fig. 97); malar suture

(rather)deep (fie: 97) haste WEE.

Philomacroploea Cameron

— Third tergite with lamelliform lateral mar-

gin (figs. 82, 109, 122, 135); 6th tergite

truncate (fig. 96) or protruding (figs. 121,

134, 144); 2nd tergite without medial carina

(figs. 95, 121, 148); antescutal depression

absent (figs. 82, 122) or present as narrow

cleft (fig. 135); malar suture variable ..... 7

7. Third to 5th tergites medially much shorter

than laterally (fig. 95); 6th tergite truncate

apically (fig. 96); ovipositor sheath some-

what longer than metasoma (fig. 86); tarsal

claws with lobe (fig. 90); metanotum not

protruding (fig. 81); vein cu-a of fore wing

shortly postfurcal (fig. 85); dorso-lateral ca-

rinae of 1st tergite strong and lamelliform

(fig. 82); angle between veins 1-SR and

C+SC+R of fore wing about 55° (fig. 84);

propodeal tubercle present (fig. 82)........

Eutropobracon Ramakrishna Ayyar

— Third to 5th tergites medially about as long

as laterally (fig. 121); 6th tergite protruding

medio-apically (figs. 121, 134, 144); ovipo-

sitor sheath shortly protruding beyond

apex of metasoma (figs. 109, 122, 135); tar-

sal claws without lobe (figs. 113, 130, 142);

metanotum somewhat protruding (figs.

109, 122, 135); vein cu-a of fore wing inter-

stitial (figs. 114, 138); dorso-lateral carinae

of ist tergite absent (figs. 109, 122, 135);

angle between veins 1-SR and C+SC+R of

fore wing more than 70° (figs. 115, 127,

141); propodeal tubercle absent (fig. 109)...

Pes. WLS re LE Aspidobracon gen, nov.

PHYsARAIINA subtribus nov.

Syn.: Gastrothecini Fahringer, 1928 (invalid, based

on junior homonym).

Diagnosis. — Head in lateral view comparati-

vely small (fig. 1), but in some species larger

than in type-species; scapus truncate apically

(fig. 12); clypeus with dorsal carina (fig. 8); pro-

notal sides anteriorly curved towards mesoscu-

tum (fig. 1); mesoscutum densely setose and

with medial carina (fig. 11), but sometimes ab-

sent; scutellar sulcus crenulate and comparati-

vely wide (fig. 11); vein cu-a of fore wing sub-

interstitial (fig. 3); vein 1r-m of hind wing short

(fig. 3); fore tibia without pegs or spines; pro-

podeum with pair of tubercles (fig. 1) and with-

out medial carina; 1st—3rd metasomal tergites

forming a strongly convex carapace, without

deep transverse sutures medially and no antero-

lateral grooves (figs. 1, 7); carapace with 3 pairs

of spiracles, situated distinctly above ventral rim

of carapace (fig. 1); ventral margin of 2nd and

3rd tergites slanted inwards and not lamelli-

form; 3rd tergite emarginate medio-apically and

forked posteriorly (fig. 6); 4th—6th tergites

completely retracted (fig. 1).

Contains only the genus Physaraia Shenefelt,

1978; the biology is unknown.

Physaraia Shenefelt, 1978

Shenefelt, 1978: 1714—1716.

Type-species: Gastrotheca furcata Guérin-

Méneville, 1848 (original designation). Gender:

feminine. Syn.: Gastrotheca Guérin-Méneville,

1848, nec Fitzinger, 1843.

Diagnosis. — Body finely rugose-coriaceous

(figs. 1, 5—7, 11); eyes glabrous and slightly

emarginate (fig. 8); antescutal depression ab-

sent; mesoscutum widely truncate anteriorly

(fig. 11); propleuron rather flat (fig. 1); precoxal

sulcus scarcely impressed (fig. 1); mesosternum

without crenulate medial suture; pleural sulcus

mainly smooth and shallow (fig. 1); metapleural

flange large, lamelliform and obtuse (fig. 1); no-

tauli shallowly impressed (fig. 11); metanotum

with crest-shaped complete medial carina (fig.

11), and not protruding dorsally (fig. 1); antero-

dorsal part of propodeum differentiated from

posterior part, short, about as long as metano-

tum dorsally; propodeum in lateral view acute

anteriorly (fig. 1); propodeal spiracle rather

large and just behind middle of propodeum; an-

gle between veins 1-SR and C+SC+R about

70° (fig. 3); tarsal claws with acute, robust sub-

medial lobe, which is yellowish pectinate (fig.

9); whole 1st tergite strongly convex (fig. 7), its

dorsal carinae meeting each other medially (fig.

7), and without dorso-lateral carinae (fig. 1);

ovipositor protruding far beyond apex of meta-

soma, long (fig. 1); hypopygium of © large and

acute apically (fig. 1).

Rather small genus, most species known from

the Afrotropical region, but the type-species has:

been reported from North Africa (Egypt, Li-

bya), and one species has been described from |

VAN ACHTERBERG: Genera of Braconini 141

the Oriental Region (P. sumatrana Enderlein,

1905). There exists no reliable key to the species

of Physaraia.

Physaraia furcata (Guérin-Méneville)

(figs. 1—12)

Guérin-Méneville, 1848: 349—350; fig. 4; Shenefelt,

1978: 1715.

Redescribed after 2 from Ethiopia (Ara)

compared with the lectotype; length of body 7.7

mm (including spines), of fore wing 7.1 mm.

Head. — Antennal segments 47 (with many

thyloids, fig. 2), length of 3rd segment 1.1 times

4th segment, length of 3rd, 4th, and penultimate

segment 1.5, 1.4, and 1.3 times their width, re-

spectively; length of maxillary palp 0.8 times

height of head; occipital carina absent, but with

weak striae somewhat resembling a carina;

length of eye in dorsal view 1.4 times temple

(fig. 5); temple finely striate-coriaceous, dull,

weakly roundly narrowed behind eyes; POL :

diameter of ocellus : OOL = 5 : 4 : 10; frons

and vertex coriaceous; face finely rugose-coria-

ceous; malar suture shallow; length of malar

space 1.2 times basal width of mandible.

Mesosoma. — Maximum width of mesosoma

equal to maximum width of head; length of

mesosoma 1.2 times its height; precoxal sulcus

reticulate-coriaceous anteriorly, more rugose.

posteriorly (fig. 1); rest of mesopleuron coria-

ceous; antero-dorsal part of propodeum rather

coarsely reticulate and laterally coriaceous; pos-

terior part of propodeum subvertical, medially,

almost smooth, and with two pairs of posteri-

| orly converging carinae.

Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SR1 = 8:20:

| 27; SR1 weakly sinuate (fig. 3); 1-CU1 : 2-CU1

fs 28; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 11 : 20 : 9; m-cu

antefurcal, and subparallel to 1-M (fig. 3).

. Legs.

— Hind coxa coriaceous dorsally;

length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg

13.6, 7.6, and 5.2 times their width, respectively;

length of hind spurs both 0.5 times hind basitar-

sus.

Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 0.6 times

its basal width, slightly coriaceous, almost

‚smooth in front of dorsal carinae, and coarsely

‘reticulate behind carinae; length of ovipositor

‚sheath 0.70 times fore wing.

| Colour. — Brownish- yellow; antenna (but

radix yellowish), stemmaticum and ovipositor

‘sheath, black; wing membrane uniformly light

‘brownish; wing veins brown; pterostigma rath-

\ er dark brown, but medially yellowish.

Redescribed after specimen in Muséum Na-

tional d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris: “Labor. Co-

lonial Museum, Abyssinie, Ara, Latham,

29.3.07”, “Museum Paris, Abyssinie, 1910, J.

Surcouf”, “Conspecific with lectotype of Gas-

trotheca furcata G., Van Achterberg, 1978”.

Lectotype in same institute (in box 99 with label

“Proctotrupide déterminé-Braconidae”) and

here designated: “63”, “Museum Paris, Abyssi-

nie, Ferret & Galinier, 1059 bis —92”, “Type!”,

“Gastrotheca furcata Gue., Abyssinia” (an old

handwritten label). Fore legs are absent, anten-

na and ovipositor are damaged, 1st metasomal

suture weak, but complete, medial carina of

mesoscutum present, but more weakly devel-

oped than in the specimen figured.

Shenefelt’s statement (1978: 1815) that the

type of P. furcata is the specimen in the Staats-

sammlung at Munich (from the locality “Port

Natal”) is not considered to be a lectotype des-

ignation. This ? is the only paralectotype and

may belong to another species.

ASPIDOBRACONINA subtribus nov.

Diagnosis. — Head in lateral view of normal

size (figs. 13, 29, 109); scapus truncate (figs. 15,

31, 45); clypeus without dorsal carina (figs. 26,

33, 91); dorsal margin of pronotal sides straight

or bent downwards near notauli (figs. 13, 97,

109, 122); mesoscutum densely setose, and

without medial carina (figs. 35, 46, 64); scutellar

sulcus crenulate, wide to rather narrow (figs. 20:

46, 64); vein SR1 of fore wing straight; vein cu-

a of fore wing interstitial (fig. 30) to shortly

postfurcal (figs. 14, 85); vein 1r-m of hind wing

(rather) short (figs. 14, 30, 57); fore tibia with-

out pegs or spines; propodeum with complete

lamelliform medio-longitudinal carina (figs. 63,

146); antero-dorsal part of propodeum not dis-

tinctly differentiated from posterior part (figs.

54, 109); tubercles of propodeum absent (figs.

29, 54), except in Eutropobracon (fig. 82) and

lateral carina sometimes somewhat protruding

(fig. 13); 1st—3rd tergites forming a rather

strongly convex carapace (figs. 13, 29), with

two deep transverse sutures (figs. 13, 29, 95,

121), with (figs. 29, 109) or without (figs. 41,

97) antero-lateral grooves; carapace with three

pairs of spiracles situated distinctly above ven-

tral rim (figs. 29, 82); 3rd tergite truncate poste-

riorly (figs. 27, 95); ventral margin of 2nd and

3rd tergites projected downwards (figs. 13, 29,

122), and lamelliform (figs. 13, 29, 68), except in

Philomacroploea (fig. 97); 4th—6th tergites dis-

tinctly exposed, strongly sclerotized and sculp-

142 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 7, 1984

tured (figs. 13, 41, 68, 109), but largely smooth

in Apotosoma (figs. 54, 67, 150).

Contains the genera Apotosoma gen. nov.;

Aspidobracon gen. nov.; Dioxybracon Granger,

1949; Eutropobracon Ramakrishna Ayyar,

1928; Hyboteles gen. nov.; Pedinopleura gen.

nov.; and Philomacroploea Cameron, 1905. The

subtribe is restricted to the Palaeotropics and

Japan.

Apotosoma gen. nov.

Type-species: Apotosoma latimarginale sp.

nov.

Etymology: from “apotomos” (Greek for

“cut off, abrupt”) and “soma” (Greek for

“body”), because of the truncate apex of the

metasoma. Gender: neuter.

Diagnosis. — Eye not emarginate (fig. 59),

and with subocular groove (fig. 54); frons with

narrow V-shaped groove near antennal sockets

(figs. 64, 151); propleuron without flange poste-

riorly and normal (fig. 54); precoxal sulcus ab-

sent (fig. 54); pleural sulcus and mesosternal su-

ture smooth; metapleural flange rather larger,

obtuse and osi (fig. 54); notauli absent

(fig. 63), scutellar sulcus comparatively narrow

(fig. 64); metanotum with complete lamelliform,

non-protruding medio-longitudinal carina (fig.

64); vein cu-a of fore wing interstitial (fig. 57);

tarsal claws nearly simple, somewhat protrud-

ing medially and finely pectinate subbasally (fig.

62); dorsal carinae of 1st tergite (largely) absent

(figs. 66, 149) and without dorso-lateral carinae

(figs. 54, 151); lateral margin of 2nd tergite

gradually widened posteriorly (figs. 63, 151);

4th—6th tergites with deep transverse depres-

sions basally (figs. 54, 67, 151); 6th tergite rath-

er flat fig. 54); ovipositor distinctly protruding

beyond apex of metasoma, moderately long (fig.

54); hypopygium of © rather large and some-

what protruding medio-apically.

Small genus, only known from New Guinea.

Contains the type-species and A. melateles sp.

nov. The biology is unknown.

Key to the species of the genus Apotosoma

1. Head and pterostigma yellowish-brown;

lateral margin of 1st tergite comparatively

wide and of 3rd tergite comparatively nar-

row (fig. 151); medial groove of vertex ob-

solescent (fig. 152); 1st and 2nd metasomal

sutures narrowly sculptured (figs. 148,

151); 3 apical segments of antenna blackish,

contrasting with other (yellowish) segments

(figs. 150); length of fore wing about 4 mm;

2nd and 3rd tergites smooth (fig. 149); an-

tennal segments about 34 (G); propodeum

with lateral carinae posteriorly ............

ook OS enten rad te melateles sp. nov.

— Head largely black; pterostigma (dark)

brown; lateral margin of Ist tergite com-

Sarah narrow and of 3rd tergite com-

paratively wide (fig. 54); medial groove of

vertex distinct (fig. 65); 1st and 2nd metaso-

mal sutures more widely crenulate (figs. 54,

66); 3 apical segments of antenna dark

brown, concolorous with preceding seg-

ments; length 5.0—5.6 mm; 2nd and 3rd

tergites partly punctate (fig. 66); antennal

segments about 46 (2); propodeum with-

out lateral carinae posteriorly (fig. 54)

latimarginale sp. nov.

Apotosoma latimarginale sp. nov.

(figs. 5467)

Holotype, ?, length of body 5.8 mm, of fore

wing 5.5 mm.

Head. — Antennal segments 46, length of 3rd

segment 1.2 times 4th segment, length of 3rd,

4th, and penultimate segments 2.3, 2.0 and 1.2

times their width, respectively; length of maxil-

lary palp 0.6 times height of head; length of eye

in dorsal view 3.5 times temple (fig. 65); temple

punctulate; POL : diameter of ocellus : OOL =

4 : 4 : 7; frons, vertex and face punctulate;

length of malar space 1.3 times basal width of |

mandible; malar suture deep.

Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times |

its height; ventral half of mesopleuron punctu- |

late, rest smooth; episternal scrobe indistinct

(fig. 54); mesoscutum and scutellum punctulate; |

surface of propodeum punctulate; lateral carina |

of propodeum absent (fig. 54).

Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SR1 = |

27 : 68; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 18 : 27 : 11; m-cu il

slightly converging to 1-M posteriorly (fig. 57).

Legs. — Hind coxa punctulate; length of fe- |

mur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 4.1, 9.5, |

and 6.4 times their width, respectively; length 1)

of hind spurs 0.35 and 0.30 times hind basitar-

sus. |

Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 0.7 times:

its apical width, its surface smooth, with shal-#

low and crenulate medio-longitudinal suture:

and near anterior third with pair of depressions:

(fig. 66); 2nd tergite with some punctures and!

without antero-lateral grooves; 3rd tergite with)

pair of shallow antero-lateral grooves (fig. 54) |

and with some punctures (fig. 66); 2nd suture:

VAN ACHTERBERG: Genera of Braconini 143

coarsely crenulate and medially widened (tig.

66); apex of 6th tergite widely truncate and

slightly emarginate medially (fig. 67); length of

ovipositor sheath 0.31 times fore wing.

Colour. — Brownish-yellow; head (but

temple ventrally, eye margins partly, mandible,

labrum and pair of patches above toruli, yellow-

ish), antenna (but radix, scapus and pedicellus

partly apically, and annellus, yellowish), hind

tarsus, and ovipositor sheath, black or dark

brown; pterostigma, parastigma, and wing veins

(but bases of C+SC+R, M+CU1 of both

wings, and 1A of fore wing, completely yellow-

ish), (dark) brown; wing membrane light

brown.

Holotype in Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke

Historie, Leiden: “Neth. Ind.-Amer. New Gui-

nea Exp., Lower Mist Camp, 14—1550 m,

901-1939, L. J. Toxopeus leg.” Paratypes: 2 9

in same institute: “Neth. Ind.-American New

Guinea Exped., Sigi Camp, 1500 m, 26.11.1939,

L. J. Toxopeus”, other specimen from same lo-

cality, but 18.11.1939.

Variation: Length of fore wing 5.0—5.6 mm,

of body 5.5—5.8 mm; antennal segments 46 (2

2); length of ovipositor sheath 0.29—0.32 times

fore wing.

Apotosoma melateles sp. nov.

(figs. 149—152)

Holotype, d, length of body 3.6 mm, of fore

wing 3.8 mm.

Head. — Antennal segments 34, length of 3rd

‚segment 1.3 times 4th segment, length of 3rd,

4th and penultimate segments 2.4, 1.9, and 1.9

| times their width, respectively; maxillary palp

| hidden in glue; length of eye in dorsal view 2.6

times temple (fig. 152); temple, frons and ver-

tex, smooth; face punctulate; POL : diameter of

Mocellus : OOL = 3 : 3 : 10; length of malar

space 1.3 times basal width of mandible.

Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.5 times

its height; mesopleuron smooth; episternal

scrobe (virtually) absent; mesoscutum and scu-

tellum smooth; surface of propodeum smooth;

propodeum with short lateral carina posteriorly.

Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SR1 = 5 : 12 :

33; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 8 : 12 : 4; m-cu parallel

| to 1-M.

E° Legs. — Hind coxa smooth; length of femur,

pa and basitarsus of hind leg 4.6, 9.6 and 8

times their width, respectively; length of hind

tibial spurs 0.30 and 0.25 times hind basitarsus.

Metasoma. — Length of 1st tergite 0.8 times

its apical width, its surface smooth, except for

an indistinctly crenulate shallow medial groove

(fig. 149), its lateral margin wide (fig. 151); 2nd

and 3rd tergites smooth; 2nd suture narrowly

crenulate medially (fig. 149); 2nd—6th tergites

with indistinctly crenulate and oblique incom-

plete antero-lateral grooves (fig. 151).

Colour. — Yellowish-brown; pterostigma

and wing veins yellowish-brown; wing mem-

brane slightly infuscated; posterior half of hind

tarsus, and 3rd—10th antennal segments some-

what infuscated; 3 apical antennal segments

blackish (fig. 149), and rest of antenna yellow-

ish.

Holotype in British Museum (Natural Histo-

ry), London: “Papua: Mondo, 5,000 ft, 11.1934,

L. E. Cheesman, B.M. 1934—321”.

Aspidobracon gen. nov.

Type -species: Aspidobracon pierrei sp. nov.

Etymology: from “aspidos” (Greek for

“shield”) and the generic name “Bracon”, be-

cause the metasoma is shield-like and the spp.

resemble the genus Bracon. Gender: masculine.

Diagnosis. — Eye not emarginate (figs. 110,

132, 140), and without subocular groove (figs.

109, 122, 135); malar suture shallow (fig. 140);

frons without V-shaped grooves (fig. 146); an-

tescutal depression absent (fig. 109) or present

as a narrow cleft (fig. 135); propleuron with

narrow posterior flange (figs. 109, 122), but ab-

sent in noyesi sp. nov. (fig. 135), normal (fig.

109) to flat (fig. 135); precoxal sulcus at least

shallowly impressed (figs. 109, 135); pleural sul-

cus (figs. 122, 135), and mesosternal suture

(finely) crenulate; metapleural flange small (figs.

109, 122) or absent (fig. 135); notauli complete,

not meeting posteriorly and smooth (figs. 117,

131) or finely crenulate (fig. 147); scutellar sul-

cus rather wide (figs. 117, 131); metanotum

with complete (pierre: sp. nov.) or incomplete

(other spp.) medial carina, slightly protruding

dorsally (figs. 116, 122, 135); angle between

veins 1-SR and C+SC+R of fore wing more

than 70° (figs. 115, 127, 141); vein cu-a of fore

wing interstitial (fig. 114); tarsal claws simple

figs. 113, 130), but somewhat widened and fine-

ly pectinate in noyesi (fig. 142); dorsal carinae of

Ist tergite present and united (figs. 132, 148),

without dorso-lateral carinae (figs. 109, 122,

135); lateral margin of 2nd and 3rd tergites nar-

row, lamelliform, and not widened (fig. 135);

2nd tergite without medial carina (fig. 121);

3rd—5th tergites medially about as long as

144 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 7, 1984

laterally (fig. 121); 4th—6th tergites with shal-

low basal depressions (fig. 135); 6th tergite

moderately convex (figs. 122, 135), and pro-

truding medio-posteriorly (figs. 121, 134, 144);

ovipositor shortly protruding beyond apex of

metasoma (figs. 134, 135); hypopygium of 2

variable.

Small genus, known from the Oriental (two

spp.) and Afrotropical region (one sp.), and

reared from Hesperiidae and Nymphalidae-Ac-

raeinae.

Key to the species of the genus Aspidobracon

1. Sixth tergite of metasoma comparatively

acutely protruding apically (fig. 121); meta-

notum with complete medial carina (fig.

117); precoxal sulcus at least medially finely

sculptured (fig. 109); propodeum distinctly

sculptured medially (fig. 117); 2nd submar-

ginal cell of fore wing somewhat longer

(fig. 114; vein 3-SR about 3 times vein r);

(Aisotcopical) er ase pierrei sp. nov.

— Sixth tergite less protruding apically (figs.

134, 144); posterior half of metanotum

without medial carina (figs. 131, 147); pre-

coxal sulcus smooth medially (figs. 122,

135); propodeum (except for medial carina

and some crenulae) smooth medially (figs.

133, 147); 2nd submarginal cell of fore wing

shorter (figs. 124, 138; vein 3-SR about 2

times vein nor less) (Orienta) 2

2. Temple behind eye with conspicuous black

spot; body with black pattern; antennal

segments of 2 35—37; scapus black; 6th

tergite more gradually narrowed apically

(fig. 144); claws more robust (fig. 142); (In-

noyesi sp. nov.

— Temple behind eye without black spot;

body (nearly) completely brownish-yellow;

antennal segments of 9 33—34; scapus yel-

lowish; 6th tergite more abruptly narrowed

apically (fig. 134); claws less robust (figs.

130); (Sri Lanka) .... hesperivorus sp. nov.

Aspidobracon pierrei sp. nov.

(figs. 109—121)

Holotype, 2, length of body 3.0 mm, of fore

wing 2.5 mm.

Head. — Antennal segments 31 (long and

densely setose (figs. 111, 112)), length of 3rd an-

tennal segment 1.1 times 4th segment, length of

3rd, 4th, and penultimate segments 2.0, 1.8, and

1.7 times their width, respectively; length of

maxillary palp 0.8 times height of head; length

of eye in dorsal view 3.4 times temple (fig. 120);

temple smooth; vertex, frons and face, punctu-

late; POL : diameter of ocellus : OOL =7:5:

19; length of malar space 1.4 times basal width

of mandible.

Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times

its height; precoxal sulcus coarsely (rugose-)

punctate, rest of mesopleuron punctulate (fig.

109); mesoscutum and scutellum slightly punc-

tulate; metanotum with complete medial carina

(fig. 117); surface of propodeum coarsely trans-

versely rugose (fig. 117).

Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SR1 = 10 : 29

: 63; angle between 1-SR and C+SC+R 88°

(fig. 115); 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 17 : 29 : 15; m-

cu somewhat converging posteriorly to 1-M

(fig. 114).

Legs. — Hind coxa smooth; length of femur,

tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 4.6, 8.0, and 5.3

times their width, respectively; length of hind

spurs 0.4 and 0.3 times hind basitarsus.

Metasoma. — Length of 1st tergite 0.6 times

its apical width, its surface coarsely reticulate |

(fig. 121), its dorsal carinae weak; 2nd and 3rd |

tergites reticulate-rugose, with rather shallow |

antero-lateral grooves as in following tergites |

(fig. 109); 3rd and following tergites apically |

smooth, with a subapical transverse shallow |

groove (figs. 109, 121); 6th tergite rather acute- |

ly protruding posteriorly (fig. 121); length of |

ovipositor sheath 0.10 times fore wing; hypopy-

gium medium-sized and apically truncate.

Colour. — Brownish-yellow; legs light yel-

lowish; pterostigma and veins light brown; ped- |

icellus slightly darker than scapus; wing mem- |

brane subhyaline.

Holotype in Muséum National d'Histoire

Naturelle, Paris: “Gabon, Makokou, 0°34'N— |

12°52'E, 8.x11.1976, J. Pierre”, “ovo-larval (?))|

parasite of Acraea cepheus on Caloncoba wel- |

witschii G.”. Paratypes: 24 d and 9 © withi/

same labels; pterostigma in both sexes

sometimes dark brown, antenna (except scapus) |

also largely dark brown, and stemmaticumik

brown. However, males occur similarly col- |!

oured as ®-holotype. Further 14 2 and 2 à |

paratypes: “Mali, Koro, (caterpillar) on millet”, |

“coll. 20.1x.1979, wlts x.1979”, one ® from De--)

cember 13, 1979, Mopti Koro. Malar suture?!

rather deep, mesosternal groove sometimes only;

finely crenulate, further as holotype. |

Variation: antennal segments of ® 28 (1), 29

(3), 31 (4) or 32 (1), of & 27 (1), 29 (5), or 30 (2); 8

VAN ACHTERBERG:

2.6 mm; length of ovipositor sheath 0.07—0.10

times fore wing. Paratypes are deposited in the

museums at Leiden, Paris, London, and in the

collections of USDA, Beltsville, and of Dr. D

Quicke (Nottingham).

Note. This species is named after Mr. Jacques

Pierre (Paris), the specialist of the Acraeinae,

who was the first to discover its host.

Aspidobracon hesperivorus sp. nov.

(figs. 122—134)

Holotype, ©, length of body 2.5 mm, of fore

wing 2.6 mm.

Head. — Antennal segments 34, length of 3rd

segment 1.2 times 4th segment, length of 3rd,

4th and penultimate segment 2.3, 2.0, and 2.0

times their width, respectively; length of maxil-

lary palp 0.7 times height of head; length of eye

in dorsal view 3.2 times temple (fig. 132);

temple, vertex, frons and face smooth and pu-

bescent; POL : diameter of ocellus : OOL = 8:

7 : 16; length of malar space 1.4 times basal

width of mandible.

Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times

its height; precoxal sulcus only impressed and

smooth (fig. 122) rest of mesopleuron largely

smooth dorsally, superficially coriaceous ven-

trally (fig. 122); mesoscutum smooth; scutellum

sparsely punctulate; metanotum with short in-

complete carina (fig. 131); surface of propo-

deum smooth (fig. 133).

Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SR1 = 6 :9 :

36; angle between 1-SR and C+SC+R 89° (fig.

126); 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 8 : 9 : 6; m-cu slight-

ly converging to 1-M posteriorly (aes 124).

Legs. — Hind coxa coriaceous-punctulate;

length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg

4.2, 8.0, and 5.0 times their width, respectively;

both hind spurs 0.3 times hind basitarsus.

Metasoma. — Length of 1st tergite 0.5 times

its apical width, its surface reticulate, and its

dorsal carinae distinct (fig. 133); 2nd—5th ter-

gites rugose-reticulate and with complete ante-

ro-lateral diverging grooves (fig. 122); 3rd—5th

tergites smooth apically and with subapical

transverse crenulate groove; 6th tergite rugu-

lose, rather angled laterally, and rather weakly

protruding medio-apically (fig. 134); length of

Ovipositor sheath 0.12 times fore wing; hypopy-

gium medium-sized, somewhat protruding pos-

teriorly.

Colour. — Brownish-yellow, antenna (except

yellowish scapus), stemmaticum and ovipositor

sheath, dark brown; pterostigma and most

veins, brown; wing membrane subhyaline.

Genera of Braconini

145

Holotype in British Museum (Natural Histo-

ry), London: “Ceylon, Galle, 19.vii.1928, Dr. J.

C. Hutson, pupa of a Hesperid on paddy (Ory-

za sativa), 6802”. The probable host is Erionota

thrax (Linnaeus) (Dr. R. de Jong, pers. comm.).

Paratypes: 7 © and 5 d, all with same label, ob-

viously a series of gregarious specimens. Depos-

ited in the British Museum (Natural History),

Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie at Lei-

den, and in the collection of Dr. D. Quicke

(Nottingham).

Variation: Antennal segments of 9 33 (3) —

34 (3), of d 31 (1) — 32 (3); length of body

2.5— 2.9 mm, of fore wing 2.5—2.6 mm; length

of ovipositor sheath 0.11— 0.14 times fore wing.

Aspidobracon noyesi sp. nov.

(figs. 135—148)

Holotype, ®, length of body and of fore wing

both 3.0 mm.

Head. — Antennal segments 37, length of 3rd

segment 1.1 times 4th segment, length of 3rd,

4th and penultimate segment 2.2, 2.0, and 1.7

times their width, respectively; length of maxil-

lary palp 0.9 times height of head; length of eye

in dorsal view 3.0 times temple (fig. 146);

temple, frons (laterally), vertex, and face, punc-

tulate; POL : diameter of ocellus : OOL = 5 : 3

: 9; length of malar space 1.4 times basal width

of mandible.

Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.1 times

its height; precoxal sulcus only medially shal-

lowly impressed and with some curved striae in

front (fig. 134); rest of mesopleuron indistinctly

punctulate; mesoscutum and scutellum smooth;

metanotum with short incomplete carina ante-

riorly (fig. 147); surface of propodeum smooth,

except for some crenulae near medial carina (fig.

147).

Wings. — Fore wing: r :3-SR:SR1 =6:11:

36; angle beween 1-SR and C+SC+R 74° (fig.

141); 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 9 : 11 : 6; m-cu paral-

lel to 1-M (fig. 138).

Legs. — Hind coxa largely smooth; length of

femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 3.5, 9.0,

and 5.0 times their width, respectively; length

of hind spurs 0.35 and 0.5 times hind basitarsus.

Metasoma. — Length of 1st tergite 0.6 times

its apical width, its surface coarsely rugose-re-

ticulate, in front of dorsal carinae medially

deeply impressed and with V-shaped crenula-

tion (fig. 148), and dorsal carinae absent basally;

2nd—6th tergites coarsely rugose-reticulate,

with shallow antero-lateral grooves; 3rd—5th

tergites with subapical, transverse crenulate

146 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 7, 1984

grooves (fig. 135); 6th tergite gradually nar-

rowed apically and only slightly angled laterally

(fig. 144); length of ovipositor sheath 0.12 times

fore wing; hypopygium large, and acute apically

(fig. 135).

Colour. — Yellowish-brown; patch behind

eyes, frons medially, stemmaticum and area be-

hind it, scapus, pedicellus, mesonotal lobes

largely, metasoma dorsally (but yellowish are:

sides and base of metasoma, 1st and 2nd tergites

medially widely, 3rd—6th tergites posteriorly

and medially narrowly), black; rest of antenna,

pterostigma (apically lighter), wing veins, and

ovipositor sheath, dark brown; propodeum

partly, humeral plate apically, base and apex of

hind tibia, middle and hind tarsi infuscated; rest

of legs, palpi, and temples ventrally, light yel-

lowish; wing membrane slightly infuscated.

Holotype in British Museum (Natural Histo-

ry), London; “India: Karnataka, Mudigere,

26.x.—4.xi., 1979, J. S. Noyes”. Paratypes: 3 9

(one in Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie,

Leiden, rest in BM(NH)), two are topotypic

and with same dates, the 3rd is labelled: “India:

T. Nadu, Valparai, (Cinchona), 20—22.x.1979,

J.S. Noyes”.

Variation: Length of body 3.0—3.1 mm, of

fore wing 2.8—3.1 mm; antennal segments 35

(Ay EM, and NDE length of ovipositor

sheath 0.10—0.13 times fore wing; colour rath-

er variable; propodeum sometimes partly infus-

cated only and yellowish part of 3rd tergite

wider medially or propodeum largely black and

frons more extensively dark. This species is

named in honour of Dr. J. S. Noyes, who

brought together an important collection of

Braconidae during his stay in India.

Dioxybracon Granger, 1949

Granger, 1949: 88; Shenefelt, 1978: 1683.

Type-species: Dioxybracon bimucronatus

Granger, 1949 (original designation). Gender:

masculine.

Diagnosis. — Eyes not emarginate (fig. 26);

and with subocular groove (fig. 21); frons with-

out V-shaped groove; occipital flange narrow,

much narrower than width of base of mandible,

and close to base of mandible (figs. 13, 26); pro-

pleuron comparatively convex and without dis-

tinct posterior flange (fig. 13); precoxal sulcus

absent; mesopleuron sparsely sculptured (fig.

13); pleural sulcus and mesosternal suture

smooth; middle lobe of mesoscutum without

pair of grooves anteriorly (fig. 20); notauli pre-

sent (fig. 20); scutellar sulcus wide (fig. 20); me-

dial carina of metanotum complete, lamelliform

and obtusely protruding (fig. 13); vein cu-a of

fore wing slightly postfurcal (fig. 14); tarsal

claws with acute lamella (fig. 22); dorsal carinae

of 1st tergite complete, lamelliform and running

parallel posteriorly (fig. 27); lateral margin of

3rd tergite lamelliform and wider than margin

of 2nd tergite (fig. 13); 4th and 5th tergites rath-

er weakly impressed basally (fig. 13); 6th tergite

deeply incised medio-apically (fig. 28); oviposi-

tor distinctly protruding beyond apex of meta-

soma medium-sized (fig. 13); hypopygium of ©

subtruncate apically and medium-sized.

Small genus, contains the type-species only

and is restricted to Malagasy. The biology is un-

known.

Dioxybracon bimucronatus Granger

(figs. 13—28)

Granger, 1949: 89, fig. 116; Shenefelt, 1978: 1683.

Paralectotype, ©, length of body 5.6 mm, of

fore wing 4.0 mm.

Head. — Antennal segments 43 (according to

original description 42—43), length of 3rd seg-

ment 1.3 times 4th segment, length of 3rd, 4th,

and penultimate segment 1.9, 1.5, and 1.3 times

their width, respectively; length of maxillary

palp 0.6 times height of head; length of eye in

dorsal view 3.2 times temple (fig. 23); frons,

vertex and face sparsely punctulate; POL :

diameter ocellus : OOL = 7 : 7 : 15; length of

malar space 1.4 times basal width of mandible.

Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.5 times

its height; mesopleuron sparsely punctulate (fig.

13); mesoscutum and scutellum finely punctate;

surface of propodeum largely finely rugose, but

anteriorly smooth and with some transverse

striae near medial carina (fig. 20).

Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SR1 = 6 : 16 :

38; angle between 1-SR and C+SC+R 60° (fig.

25); 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 12 : 16 : 8; m-cu con-

verging to 1-M posteriorly and short (fig. 14).

Legs. — Hind coxa smooth; length of femur,

tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 3.8, 6.8, and 6.4

times their width, respectively; length of hind

spurs 0.3 and 0.45 times hind basitarsus.

Metasoma. — Length of 1st tergite 0.5 times

its apical width, its surface coarsely reticulate,

and in front of dorsal carinae slightly concave

(fig. 27); 2nd tergite without antero-lateral

grooves, weak on 3rd tergite (fig. 13); 2nd—6th

tergites coarsely reticulate; 2nd—4th tergite

VAN ACHTERBERG: Genera of Braconini 147

slightly serrate apically (fig. 13); length of ovi-

positor sheath 0.26 times fore wing; hypopygi-

um subtruncate apically and medium-sized.

Colour. — Brownish-yellow; scapus, pedi-

cellus, and ovipositor sheath, dark brown; pte-

rostigma, antenna (except both basal segments),

veins C+SC+R (except base), and 1-R1, and

parastigma, brown; wing membrane slightly in-

fuscated.

Lectotype here designated, 2, in Muséum

National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: “Mada-

gascar, Bekily, Reg. Sud de l’Ile”, “Muséum Pa-

ris, xi.36, A. Seyrig”, “Type”. Paralectotypes, 2

2 topotypic; figured ® collected in March,

1930, not in February as mentioned bij Granger.

Eutropobracon Ramakrishna Ayyar, 1928, stat.

nov.

Ramakrishna Ayyar, 1928: 40; Shenefelt, 1978:

1461 (synonym of Bracon Fabricius).

Type-species: Eutropobracon indicus Rama-

krishna Ayyar, 1928 (original designation).

Gender: masculine.

Diagnosis. — Eyes not emarginate and with-

out subocular groove (figs. 82, 91); frons with

| medial groove (fig. 93); occipital flange narrow

“and close to base of mandible (fig. 82); antescu-

tal depression absent; propleuron without pos-

terior flange (fig. 82); precoxal sulcus slightly

impressed (fig. 82); mesopleuron distinctly

sculptured (fig. 82); pleural sulcus finely crenu-

late (fig. 82); mesosternal suture smooth; mid-

. dle lobe of mesoscutum without grooves (fig.

92); notauli complete and finely crenulate (fig.

_ 92); scutellar sulcus wide (fig. 92); medial carina

of metanotum short (fig. 92), not protruding

(fig. 82); propodeum with tubercles (fig. 82);

_ angle between veins 1-SR and C+SC+R of fore

wing about 55° (fig. 84); vein cu-a of fore wing

shortly postfurcal (fig. 85); tarsal claws with ob-

tuse lobe (fig. 90); dorsal carinae of 1st tergite

complete, united in one curve posteriorly and

lamelliform (fig. 95); lateral margin of 3rd ter-

gite narrow and lamelliform (fig. 82); 3rd—5th

| tergites medially much shorter than laterally

(figs. 82, 95); 5th and 6th tergites distinctly im-

pressed basally and convex (fig. 82); 6th tergite

apically truncate and lamella slightly upcurved

(figs. 82, 96); ovipositor far protruding beyond

apex of metasoma, long (figs. 82, 86); hypopy-

gium of 2 rather large and truncate apically.

Small genus, contains the type-species only

and is known only from India. The biology is

unknown.

Eutropobracon indicus Ramakrishna Ayyar,

stat. nov.

(figs. 82—96)

Ramakrishna Ayyar, 1928: 40, 41, fig. XI-3; Shene-

felt, 1978: 1498 (as synonym of Bracon koshunen-

sis Watanabe, 1934).

Lectotype, ©, length of body and of fore

wing both 3.5 mm.

Head. — Antennal segments 34, length of 3rd

segment 1.1 times 4th segment, length of 3rd,

4th and penultimate segments 2.0, 1.8 and 1.8

times their width, respectively; length of maxil-

lary palp 0.6 times height of head; length of eye

in dorsal view 2.6 times temple (fig. 93); frons,

vertex and face punctulate; POL : diameter of

ocellus : OOL = 9 : 8 : 18; length of malar

space 0.9 times basal width of mandible.

Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.4 times

its height; mesopleuron rather coarsely punctate

(fig. 82); mesoscutum and scutellum punctulate

(fig. 92); surface of propodeum largely smooth,

except some crenulae near medial carina and ru-

gae near tubercles (figs. 82, 92).

Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SRI = 7 : 11 :

36; angle between 1-SR and C+SC+R 55° (fig.

84), 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 10 : 11 : 8; m-cu paral-

lel to 1-M (fig. 85).

Legs. — Hind coxa smooth; length of femur,

tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 3.6, 8.3 and 6.2

times their width, respectively; length of hind

spurs both 0.5 times hind basitarsus.

Metasoma. — Length of 1st tergite 0.5 times

its apical width, its surface largely smooth (fig.

94), and its dorso-lateral carinae behind spira-

cles strong and lamelliform (fig. 82), slightly

concave in front of dorsal carinae; 2nd—6th ter-

gites reticulate-punctate, with shallow antero-

basal, curved and crenulate depressions (fig.

82); medial length of 3rd tergite 0.6 times medi-

al length of 2nd tergite (fig. 95); 2nd suture nar-

rowly crenulate (fig. 95); length of ovipositor

sheath 0.63 times fore wing.

Colour. — Brownish-yellow; 2nd—5th ter-

gites with pair of sublateral brown patches; pte-

rostigma brown; apex of antenna, ovipositor

sheath, stemmaticum partly, and hind tarsus

largely, dark brown; wing membrane hyaline.

Lectotype here designated, in Tamil Nadu

University, Coimbatore: “S. India, Walayar

148 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 7, 1984

forests (now state of Kerala), 29—30 Nov.

1924, Ramakrishna Coll.” Paralectotypes: 4 9,

of which 1 2 examined; same label as lectotype,

and a label “Eutropobracon indica (sic!) n.g. &

sp.”. Very similar to lectotype, length of fore

wing 3.3 mm, of body 3.4 mm, length of ovipo-

sitor sheath 0.67 times fore wing.

Hyboteles gen. nov.

Type-species: Hyboteles toxopeusi sp. nov.

Etymology: from “hybos” (Greek for

“hump”) and “telos” (Greek for “end”), be-

cause of the humped apical segment of the

metasoma. Gender: neuter.

Diagnosis. — Eyes not emarginate (fig. 76)

and with subocular groove deep (figs. 68, 72);

frons with medial groove only (fig. 79); occipi-

tal flange narrow and close to base of mandible;

posterior flange of propleuron obsolete (fig.

68); precoxal sulcus absent; mesopleuron

largely smooth; pleural sulcus and mesosternal

suture smooth; middle lobe of mesoscutum

without grooves (fig. 78); notauli complete and

slightly crenulate (fig. 78); scutellar sulcus wide

(fig. 78); medial carina of metanotum short (fig.

78) and not protruding (fig. 68); propodeum

without tubercles; angle between veins 1-SR

and C+SC+R about 45°; vein cu-a of fore wing

subinterstitial (fig. 73); claws without lobe (fig.

75); dorsal carinae of 1st tergite united and con-

nected to medial carina (fig. 80); lateral margin

of both 2nd and 3rd tergites narrow and lamelli-

form (fig. 68); 4th and 5th tergites shallowly de-

pressed anteriorly; metasomal tergites without

antero-lateral depressions (fig. 68); 6th tergite

deeply impressed basally and truncate apically

(figs. 68, 81); ovipositor sheath protruding but

short (fig. 68); hypopygium of © large and sub-

truncate apically.

Small genus, contains the type-species only,

and is restricted to New Guinea and North

Australia. The biology is unknown.

Hyboteles toxopeusi sp. nov.

(figs. 68—81)

Holotype, 2, length of body 5.7 mm, of fore

wing 5.0 mm.

Head. — Antennal segments 45, length of 3rd

segment 1.2 times 4th segment, length of 3rd,

4th, and penultimate segments 2.0, 1.6, and 1.7

times their width, respectively; length of maxil-

lary palp 0.7 times height of head; length of eye

in dorsal view 4.0 times temple (fig. 79); POL :

diameter of ocellus : OOL = 4 : 3 : 6; frons,

vertex and face smooth; anterior tentorial pits

more pronounced than in the other taxa (fig.

76); length of malar space 1.2 times basal width

of mandible.

Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.4 times

its height; mesopleuron indistinctly punctulate

(fig. 68); mesoscutum slightly punctulate (fig.

78); scutellum smooth; surface of propodeum

sparsely and finely punctulate (fig. 78).

Wings. — r : 3-SR : SR1 = 14 : 31 : 54; angle

between 1-SR and C+SC+R 44° (fig. 69); 2-

SR : 3-SR : r-m = 19 : 31 : 13; m-cu converging

to 1-M posteriorly (fig. 73).

Legs. — Hind coxa punctulate; length of fe-

mur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 4.4, 9.7,

and 6.8 times their width, respectively; length

of hind tibial spurs 0.20 and 0.25 times hind ba-

sitarsus.

Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 0.6 times

its apical width, its surface coarsely longitudi-

nally rugose, with finer reticulation between ru-

gae (fig. 80), weakly concave and smooth in

front of dorsal carinae; 2nd—6th tergites with

coarse longitudinal rugae and finer reticulation

in interspaces (figs. 80, 81); length of ovipositor

sheath 0.12 times fore wing.

Colour. — Brownish-yellow; apical 17 seg-

ments of antenna yellowish, rest of flagellum,

outer side of scapus and pedicellus, pterostigma

and ovipositor sheath, dark brown; apical half

of hind tarsus infuscated; wing veins brown;

wing membrane light brown.

Holotype in the Rijksmuseum van Natuur-

lijke Historie, Leiden: “Neth. Ind.-Amer. New

Guinea Exp. 1938—39, Hollandia vii.(19)38, L.

J. Toxopeus lg.”. Paratypes in British Museum

(Natural History), London, and Rijksmuseum

van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden: “Mackay,

Queensland, 1909—45” (1 ?) and “Australia,

N. Queensland, Redlynch, 20.x.1938”, “Papuan

Australian Expedition B.M. 1947—48” (17 d).

Named in honour of its collector Prof. Dr. L. J.

Toxopeus (1894—1951), who collected many

new species of Braconidae in New Guinea.

Variation: Antennal segments of ® 43—45,

of d 35 (1)—37 (4)—38 (1); length of body of ©

5.1—5.7 mm, of d 3.3—4.2 mm; length of fore

wing of ® 5.0—5.2 mm, of d 3.3.—4.0 mm;

5—17 apical segments of antenna yellowish

(-brown), usually 8 segments.

Pedinopleura gen. nov.

Type-species: Pedinopleura emarginata sp.

nov.

Etymology: from

(Greek for

“pedinos”

VAN ACHTERBERG: Genera of Braconini

“flat”) and “pleura” (Greek for “side”), because

of the flattened propleuron. Gender: feminine.

Diagnosis. — Eyes with deep subocular

groove (figs. 29, 33, 41) and not or indistnctly

emarginate (figs. 33, 52); frons with medial

groove only (figs. 32, 44); occipital flange very

large, about as wide as mandible base and dis-

tinctly removed from base of mandible (figs. 29,

33, 41, 52); malar suture distinct (fig. 33); poste-

rior flange of propleuron present (figs. 29, 41);

propleuron flattened (fig. 29); precoxal sulcus

absent; mesopleuron densely sculptured (figs.

29, 41); pleural sulcus and mesosternal suture

smooth; middle lobe of mesoscutum with pair

of grooves anteriorly (figs. 35, 46); notauli com-

plete and smooth; scutellar sulcus medium-

sized (figs. 35, 46); medial carina of metanotum

complete and lamelliform (figs. 35, 46), distinct-

ly protruding (figs. 29, 41); propodeum without

tubercles (lamelliform carina may be present:

fig. 41); angle between veins 1-SR and

C+SC+R = 50°—65° (figs. 36, 48); vein cu-a of

fore wing (sub)interstitial (figs. 30, 43); sur-

roundings of vein cu-a of hind wing glabrous

(fig. 34); claws at most with minute acute lobe

(fig. 51); dorsal carinae of 1st tergite parallel-

sided posteriorly and lamelliform (figs. 39, 53);

lateral margin of 3rd tergite widened, wider

than margin of 2nd tergite medially (figs. 29,

… 41); 4th—6th tergites deeply impressed basally

(figs. 29, 41); 2nd—6th tergites with groove to

spiracles (P. emarginata, fig. 29) or without

grooves (P. koshunensis, fig. 41); 6th tergite

(shallowly) emarginate medio-apically (figs. 40,

47); ovipositor sheath distinctly protruding,

medium-sized (figs. 29, 41); hypopygium of ?

medium-sized and truncate apically.

Key to species of the genus Pedinopleura nov.

1. Lateral lamella of 1st—3rd tergites wide,

and emarginate near level of 2nd metasomal

spiracle (fig. 29); 3rd—5th tergites com-

pletely yellowish; anterior depressions of

4th—6th tergites largely smooth (figs. 29,

40); face only punctulate (fig. 33); only

lateral aspect of scapus and pedicellus partly

black; 6th tergite of © widely emarginate

(fig. 40); Australian (New Guinea)

emarginata sp. nov.

— Lateral lamella of 1st—3rd tergites narrow

and not emarginate (fig. 41); 3rd—5th ter-

gites with pair of black spots; anterior de-

pressions of 4th—6th tergites distinctly cre-

nulate (fig. 41); face distinctly transversely

149

rugulose (fig. 52); scapus and pedicellus

completely black; 6th tergite of 2 more

acutely incised (fig. 47); Oriental (Tarwan)

koshunensis (Watanabe)

Pedinopleura emarginata sp. nov.

(figs. 29—40)

Holotype, 9, length of body 6 mm, of fore

wing 4.8 mm.

Head. — Remaining antennal segments 26,

apical segments missing, length of 3rd segment

1.3 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th

segment 2.2 and 1.7 times their width, respecti-

vely; length of maxillary palp 0.7 times height

of head; length of eye in dorsal view 3.8 times

temple (fig. 32); POL : diameter of ocellus :

OOL = 4 : 3 : 6; frons and vertex smooth; face

punctulate; length of malar space 1.2 times basal

width of mandible.

Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.5 times

its height; mesopleuron densely punctulate and

setose (fig. 29); metapleural flange comparative-

ly large and obtuse (fig. 29); mesoscutum and

scutellum punctulate; surface of propodeum

smooth, with posterior third of lateral carina

present posteriorly (fig. 29).

Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SR1 = 8 : 18 :

41; angle between 1-SR and C+SC+R 63° (fig.

36); 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 12 : 18 : 9; m-cu con-

verging to 1-M posteriorly (fig. 30).

Legs. — Hind coxa punctulate; femur, tibia

and basitarsus of hind leg 3.8, 8.8, and 5.8 times

their width, respectively; length of hind spurs

both 0.3 times hind basitarsus.

Metasoma. — Length of ist tergite 0.6 times

its apical width, its surface with some rugae, rest

smooth and dorsal carinae absent basally (fig.

39); lateral margin of 1st—3rd tergites very

wide and emarginate near 2nd spiracle (fig. 29);

4th—6th tergites deeply impressed and largely

smooth basally (fig. 29); 2nd tergite reticulate-

rugose, 3rd—6th tergites only (partly obliquely)

rugose (figs. 29, 39, 40); 6th tergite widely

emarginate (fig. 40); length of ovipositor sheath

0.21 times fore wing.

Colour. — Yellowish-brown; small patch be-

hind stemmaticum, outer side of scapus and

pedicellus, and ovipositor sheath, blackish; hind

tarsus largely infuscated; pterostigma and most

veins, dark brown; vein C+SC+R of fore wing

largely yellowish; rest of antenna brown; wing

membrane somewhat infuscated.

Holotype in British Museum (Natural Histo-

ry), London: “Papua: Mondo, 5,000 ft, 11.1934,

L. E. Cheesman, B.M. 1934—321”.

150 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 7, 1984

Pedinopleura koshunensis (Watanabe)

comb. nov.

(figs. 41—53)

Bracon koshunensis Watanabe, 1934: 186, 187, fig. 1;

Shenefelt, 1978: 1498.

Holotype, 2, length of body 5.2 mm, of fore

wing 3.7 mm.

Head. — Antennal segments 37 (according to

original description 37—46), length of 3rd seg-

ment 1.1 times 4th segment, length of 3rd, 4th

and penultimate segments 1.6, 1.4, and 1.3 times

their width, respectively; length of maxillary

palp 0.6 times height of head; length of eye in

dorsal view 2.5 times temple (fig. 44); temple

punctate, dorsally aciculate-striate (fig. 41);

frons obliquely finely rugose (fig. 44); vertex

and face transversely rugose; POL : diameter of

ocellus: OOL = 3 : 4 : 10; length of malar space

1.4 times basal width of mandible.

Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.4 times

its height; mesopleuron densely and coarsely

punctate anteriorly, remotely punctulate poste-

riorly (fig. 41); metapleural flange small (fig.

41); mesoscutum medially punctate-coriaceous,

laterally rugulose; scutellum punctulate (fig.

46); surface of propodeum superficially rugo-

lose; lateral carina of propodeum long, lamelli-

form and anteriorly angular (fig. 41).

Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SR1 = 7 : 19 :

42; angle between 1-SR and C+SC+R 52° (fig.

48); 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 12 : 19 : 9; m-cu con-

verging to 1-M posteriorly and comparatively

short (fig. 43).

Legs. — Hind coxa smooth; length of femur,

tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 3.2, 6.2 and 5.3

times their width, respectively; length of hind

spurs 0.3 and 0.4 times hind basitarsus.

Metasoma. — Length of 1st tergite 0.5 times

its apical width, its surface reticulate and dorsal

carinae present basally (fig. 53); lateral margin

of 1st—3rd tergites rather narrow, gradually

widened posteriorly (fig. 41); 4th—6th tergites

with deep and crenulate basal groove (fig. 41);

2nd—6th coarsely reticulate-rugose; 6th tergite

rather weakly acutely emarginate (fig. 47);

length of ovipositor sheath 0.19 times fore

wing.

Colour. — Yellowish-brown; 3rd—Sth ter-

gites with a dark spot at each side; antenna and

ovipositor sheath, black; stemmaticum infus-

cated; pterostigma and parastigma dark brown;

wing membrane subhyaline.

Holotype in the Institut fiir Pflanzenschutz-

forschung at Eberswalde-Finow (and not in

Sapporo as indicated by Shenefelt): “Kankau

(=Koshun), (Formosa), H. Sauter, vii.1912”,

“Bracon koshunensis Watanabe, 9, Type”. Par-

atypes: 2 d and 6 9, of which are examined 1 4

(Eberswalde-Finow, “allotype”) and 3 2 (two

at Eberswalde-Finow and one in Budapest Mu-

seum). Male has antenna yellowish and also 6th

tergite with pair of black dots and apically

slightly emarginate, antennal segments 52 (not

49—50 as stated in original description); length

of antenna equal to length of body (distinctly

shorter in 9, fig. 41).

Variation: Antennal segments 37—52; length

of body 5.2—6 mm, of fore wing 3.7—4.3 mm;

length of ovipositor sheath 0.19—0.20 times

fore wing.

Philomacroploea Cameron, 1905

Cameron, 1905: 87; Shenefelt, 1978: 1713—1714.

Type-species: Philomacroploea basimacula

Cameron, 1905 (monotypic). Gender: feminine.

Diagnosis. — Eyes without subocular groove

(fig. 97) and not emarginate (fig. 106); frons and

vertex with shallow medio-longitudinal depres-

sion (fig. 101); occipital flange narrow and close

to mandible base (fig. 97); malar suture rather

deep (figs. 97, 106); antescutal depression pre-

sent (fig. 97); posterior flange of propleuron ab-

sent; propleuron normal (fig. 97); precoxal sul-

cus only medially impressed (fig. 97); meso-

pleuron distinctly sculptured anteriorly (fig.

97); pleural sulcus and mesosternal suture finely

crenulate (fig. 97); middle lobe of mesoscutum

without grooves; notauli crenulate and proba-

bly complete (fig. 105); scutellar sulcus medi-

um-sized (fig. 105); medial carina only anterior-

ly present at metanotum (fig. 105) and slightly

obtusely protruding dorsally (fig. 97); propo-

deum without tubercles and no lateral carina

(fig. 97); angle between veins 1-SR and

C+SC+R of fore wing about 70° (fig. 103);

vein cu-a of fore wing interstitial (fig. 98); sur-

roundings of vein cu-a of hind wing densely se-

tose; claws simple (fig. 102); dorsal carinae of

Ist tergite united and connected to medial cari-

na (fig. 107) and dorso-lateral carinae indistinct

(fig. 97); 1st—3rd tergites without differ-

entiated lateral lamelliform margin (fig. 97);

4th—6th tergites slightly impressed basally (fig.

97); 2nd—6th tergite without antero-lateral

grooves; 6th tergites (shallowly) semi-circularly

emarginate medio-apically (fig. 108, but less in

3); ovipositor sheath of type-species short (fig.

VAN ACHTERBERG: Genera of Braconini 151

97); hypopygium of 2 medium-sized and obtu-

sely protruding apically.

Small genus, known from the Oriental region

and probably Japan. The type-species has been

reared from Nymphalidae-Danainae. According

to Shenefelt (1978) 3 spp. should be included:

the type-species (with short ovipositor, fig. 97),

P. pleuralis (Ashmead, 1906) with ovipositor

sheath as long as metasoma, and P. cameroni

Subba Rao & Sharma, 1960. However, the in-

clusion of the latter two species may be incor-

rect.

Philomacroploea basimacula Cameron

(figs. 97—108)

Cameron, 1905: 88 (2, not d); Shenefelt, 1978:

1713, 1714.

Lectotype, 2, length of body 3.8 mm, of fore

wing 3.4mm.

Head. — Antenna incomplete, remaining seg-

ments 19, length of 3rd segment 1.3 times 4th

segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 1.5 and

1.2 times their width, respectively; length of

maxillary palp of paralectotype 0.4 times height

of head; length of eye in dorsal view 2.6 times

temple; POL : diameter of ocellus : OOL = 10

: 9 : 14; frons, vertex and face smooth; length of

malar space 1.2 times basal width of mandible.

Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.2 times

its height; mesopleuron partly rugulose ante-

riorly, rest punctulate (fig. 97); metapleural

flange small and blunt (fig. 97); mesoscutum

and scutellum finely punctulate; surface of pro-

podeum largely smooth, but antero-laterally

with patch of punctures (figs. 97, 105).

Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SR1 = 11 : 19

: 66; angle between 1-SR and C+SC+R 67°

Bie 103); 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 17 : 19 : 12;

m-cu subparallel to 1-M (fig. 98).

Legs. — Hind coxa punctulate; length of fe-

mur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 4.4, 8.2 and

5.0 times their width, respectively; length of

hind spurs 0.25 and 0.3 times basitarsus.

Metasoma. — Length of 1st tergite 0.6 times

its apical width, its surface (punctate-)reticulate

(fig. 107); 2nd tergite with medial carina (fig.

107); 2nd—6th tergite punctate-reticulate (fig.

97); length of ovipositor sheath 0.07 times fore

wing.

_ Colour. — Dark brown; head, mesosoma

(but ventral half of mesopleuron, metapleuron,

and mesosternum dark), brown; legs, palpi, te-

gulae, ovipositor sheath, large patch at posterior

half of 1st and 2nd tergite medially, posterior

margins of 3rd—5th tergites, brownish-yellow;

wing membrane subhyaline; pterostigma dark

brown, veins rather dark brown.

Lectotype here designated, in British Mu-

seum (Natural History), London: “Type”,

“B.M. Type Hym. 3.c.506”, “Philomacrophoea

(sic!) basimacula Cam., Type, Ceylon, Bred”

(in Cameron’s handwriting), “P. Cameron

Coll., 1914—110”. Paralectotype: 1 2, same

museum and labels as lectotype.

Variation: Length of body 3.7—3.8 mm, of

fore wing 3.3—3.4 mm, length of ovipositor

sheath 0.07—0.10 times fore wing.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I wish to express my gratitude to the follow-

ing persons for the loan of types and of new

taxa: especially to Dr. K. D. Ghorpade (Hebbal,

Bangelore) who travelled a long distance to col-

lect the Ramakrishna Ayyar-types, to Mr. T.

Huddleston (London), Dr. S. Kelner-Pillault

(Paris), Prof. Dr. T. Kumaraswami (Coimba-

tore), Dr. J. Oehlke (Eberswalde-Finow), Dr. J.

Papp (Budapest), Mr. J. Pierre (Paris), Dr. D.

Quicke (Nottingham), and Mr. B. Sigwalt (Pa-

ris). Dr. R. Wharton (College Station) provided

useful corrections to the text.

REFERENCES

Achterberg, C. van, 1979. A revision of the subfamily

Zelinae auct. (Hym., Braconidae). — Tijdschr.

Ent. 122: 241—479, figs. 1—900.

Achterberg, C. van, 1983. Six new genera of Braconi-

nae from the Afrotropical Region (Hym., Braco-

nidae). — Tijdschr. Ent. 126: 175—202, figs. 1—

172

Cameron, P., 1905. On the phytophagous and parasit-

ic Hymenoptera collected by Mr. E. Ernest Green

in Ceylon. — Spolia zeyl. 3: 67—97.

Fahringer, J. 1928. Aethiopische Region. — Opuscula

braconologica 5: 1—50.

Granger, C., 1949. Braconides de Madagascar. —

Mem. Inst. scient. Madagascar A: 1—428, figs.

1—426.

Guérin-Méneville, F. E., 1848. Voyage en Abessinie

exécuté pendant les années 1839— 1843 par M. Le-

febure 6: 239— 390, pls. 7, 8.

Ramakrishna Ayyar, T. V. , 1928. A contribution to

our knowledge of South Indian Braconidae. I Vi-

pioninae. — Mem. Dept. Agric. India, Ent. 10:

29— 60, 3 pls.

Shenefelt, R. D., 1978. Braconidae, pt. 10. — Hym.

Cat. (nov. ed.) 15: 1425—1872.

Watanabe, C., 1934. H. Sauter’s Formosa-Collection:

Braconidae. — Insecta matsum. 8: 182—205, figs.

, 1984

AFL.

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159

VAN ACHTERBERG: Genera of Braconini

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 7, 1984

160

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VAN ACHTERBERG: Genera of Braconini

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TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 7, 1984

162

VAN ACHTERBERG: Genera of Braconini 163

een, e ee

Sree

Figs. 149—152. Apotosoma melateles gen. et sp. nov., holotype, d. 149, 1st—4th metasomal tergites, dorsal as-

pect; 150, apex of antenna; 151, 1st—4th tergites, lateral aspect; 152, head, dorsal aspect. 149, 151, 152: scale-

fine (= 1X); 150:2.5 x.

164 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 7, 1984

DEE : Philomacroploea

Pedinopleura

lateral margin of 3rd

iL imple (D

En See tergite non-lamelliform

Aspid

claws with lobe (\) SIRE

6th tergite rather

convex SPESE

6th tergite

emarginate

Apotosoma antescutal

depression

present vein 1-SR of fore

: wing subvertical

metanotum protruding =) 5

dorsal carinae of 2nd-6th tergites with

6th tergite emarginate lst tergite absent antero-lateral grooves

ovipositor short

Hyboteles P

metanotum more or less protruding

È 3rd tergite widened

claws simple

laterally

claws simple

ovipositor short 3rd tergite with neropobzacen

(weak) antero-

6th tergite strongly convex lateral groove

(N ovipositor propodeal tubercles

medium-sized present

mesosternal suture smooth

subocular groove present 2 tarsal claws with lobe

pleural Subcus smooth ()) subocular groove absent

Physaraia

1 1

mesosternal suture smooth (D) pisural sulcus

crenulate

metasomal sutures reduced

4th-6th tergites retracted

mesoscutum without medio-longitudinal (D) 3rd tergite forked apically

carina

9 el j i

Plesieimacen Geo ypeus with dorsal carina

mesoscutum with medio-longitudinal carina

2nd and 3rd tergites slanted inwards laterally

ist and 2nd tergite S

movably joined : - IS

YI ist and 2dn tergite immovably joined

medio-longitudinal carinae of metanotum and

propodeum present

mesoscutum densely setose

153 (PD malar suture present

()scutellar sulcus (rather) wide

Fig. 153. Cladogram of the genera treated in this paper.

“ISSO

REEL 127 AFLEVERING 8 1984

TIJDSCHRIFT

_ VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE

UITGEGEVEN DOOR

DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING

INHOUD

B. GUSTAFSSON. — New species of Stigmella from The Gambia (Lepidoptera,

Nepticulidae), pp. 165—177, figs. 1—7.

Ik Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, deel 127, afl. 8 Gepubliceerd 14-VI-1985

NEW SPECIES OF STIGMELLA FROM THE GAMBIA

(LEPIDOPTERA, NEPTICULIDAE)

BERT GUSTAFSSON

Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden

ABSTRACT

Descriptions or redescriptions of adults and immature stages of the following Nepticuli-

dae are presented: Stigmella rhomboivora n. sp., S. allophylivora n. sp., S. ficivora n. sp., S.

ziziphivora n. sp., S. birgittae n. sp., S. maytenivora n. sp. and S. wollofella (Gustafsson,

1972).

INTRODUCTION

The Nepticulidae on which the present paper

is based were collected by me in The Gambia

from 3—15 November 1981 and 30 Novem-

ber—13 December 1982. The visits were con-

fined to the western part of The Gambia, mainly

the surroundings of Bakau and Banjul. Hitherto

only three species of Nepticulidae had been de-

scribed from The Gambia (Gustafsson, 1972).

_ They were all collected in a searchlight on the

ship MS “Lady Wright” on 5 December 1970.

_ The terminology used in the descriptions

_ mainly conforms with Scoble (1983) (adults)

| and Gustafsson (1981) (larvae). The descrip-

tions of larvae refer to the final instar. Generic

| characters are mentioned in the generic descrip-

tion only.

Stigmella Schrank, 1802

Diagnosis. — Stigmella can be distinguished

from Trifurcula and Ectoedemia by the absence

| of signa reticulata in the bursa, the absence of a

scale patch on the underside of the hindwing in

the males (Trifurcula), and by the rectangularly

shaped epistomal ridge in the larvae.

Description.

Adult. — Very small moths with a wingspan

of 3—5.3 mm.

Head. — Palps shining, yellowish grey. An-

tennae more than half length of forewing, scape

expanded into a large eyecap. Tuft on front of

head and vertex. A collar attached to the back of

the head.

Wings. — Forewings roughly scaled, some-

times with a shining, postmedial fascia. Cilia

distinctly or indistinctly separated by a row of

darker scales. Hindwing narrow, grey with grey

fringe.

Abdomen. — Pale ventrally. Male with anal

tufts on eighth tergite.

Male genitalia. — Tegumen and vinculum of

variable form. Uncus bilobed. Gnathos with a

pair of lateral processes, the horizontal element

sometimes with a tongue-shaped projection.

Valvae of variable shape. Transtilla present,

ventral arms present or absent. Juxta present or

absent. Aedeagus well sclerotized. Vesica with

cornuti of various shape.

Female genitalia. — Bursa copulatrix with or

without pectinations, signum present or absent.

Apophyses relatively short.

Larva. — Head prognathous, partially re-

tracted into thorax with heavily sclerotized en-

do-skeletal ridges. Epistomal ridge rectangular.

Anterior and posterior tentorial arms of same

length. Labial palpi consisting of two short seg-

ments provided with a long seta in the apical

area. Prothorax with a broad ventral sclerite and

a paired dorsal sclerite. Abdomen without pig-

mentation. A spinose integument of various ex-

tent present or absent. Prothorax with 13 pairs

of setae, mesothorax with 11 pairs, abdominal

segments 1—8 with 6 pairs, 9 with 3 pairs and

10 with 2 pairs of setae. In the anal end a pair of

strongly sclerotized, small bands. Calli (ambu-

latory warts) well defined on meso- and meta-

thorax, as well as on abdominal segments 2—7.

Distribution. — It is likely that the present

species are confined to the western part of Afri-

ca, but future investigations will prove.

166

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 8, 1984 (1985)

Fig. 1. Stigmella rhomboivora n.sp. À, B, Male genitalia. C, Female genitalia. D, Larval chaetotaxy. E, F, Larval

prothoracic sclerites, dorsal and ventral view. G

‚ Leaf-mine. — Scales = 0.1 mm, except where indicated other-

wise.

GUSTAFSSON: Stigmella from The Gambia 167

Stigmella rhomboivora n. sp.

(figs. 1a—g)

Type locality. — Bakau, Kotu Stream.

Type material. — Holotype d, Kotu Stream:

ex larva on Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq.

9.xi.1981, emerged 16.x1.1981.

Paratypes: Same locality as holotype, 11 d,

11 ©, ex larva on 7. rhomboidea Jacq, 9—

15.xi.1981, emerged between 16.xi and

1.xii.1981; 18 d, 21 ©, ex larva on 7. rhomboi-

dea Jacq, 1—12.x11.1982, emerged between

9.xii.1982 and 7.1.1983; Bakau: 17 6, 14 9, ex

larva on 7. rbomboidea Jacq., 3—10.x1.1981,

emerged between 9—23.x1.1981; 3 d, ex larva

on 7. rhomboidea Jacq., 30.xi.1982, emerged

9.x11.1982.

Diagnosis. — Deviates from the closely re-

lated charistis Vári, 1963, especially in the fe-

male genitalia. There is only one signum in bur-

sa copulatrix in charistis, but more than five in

rhomboivora.

Description.

Male. — Wing expanse 3.7—4.2 mm. Thorax

and forewing dark fuscous with straw yellow

apex and light greyish fringe. Antennae brown-

ish, eye-caps yellowish white, tuft on front of

head and vertex yellowish, collar yellowish

white.

Genitalia (figs. 1a, b). — Tegumen slightly

curved; ventral plate of vinculum of median

length, anterior extension excavated; uncus

weakly bilobed; gnathos with a pair of short

horns, lateral processes longer; valves excavated

at up to form two small hooks; transtilla with

ventral arms fairly long; length of aedeagus ap-

proximately that of genital capsule, broad with a

large, irregular patch of denticulate cornuti on

vesica.

Female. — Wing expanse 3.4—4.4 mm. No

noticeable difference in habitus from male.

Genitalia (fig. 1c). — Ductus bursae and bur-

sa copulatrix approximately 2.5 times as long as

apophyses; bursa copulatrix covered with min-

ute spines; signum consisting of some small,

narrow teeth; anterior apophyses with broad

base, curved towards tip; posterior apophyses

straight and narrow, almost of same length as

anterior ones.

Pre-imaginal stages. — Eggs laid on the upper

surface of the leaf. Larva (figs. 1d—f): length

2.8—4.2 mm, diameter 0.7 mm; head light

brown with endoskelctal ridges dark brown;

maximum width 0.3 mm, maximum length 0.3

mm. Thorax and abdomen yellowish green.

Prothorax without spines, meso- and metatho-

rax with a patch of spines between the D1 and

SD1 setae, spinose on the calli and on a big

patch in front of the SV1 setae. Abdominal seg-

ments 1—7 spinose between the SV1 setae, seg-

ment 8 spinose between the D1 and SV1 setae,

segment 9 spinose between the SV1 setae, seg-

ment 10 with some spines in front of the setae.

Abdominal segment 10 with 2 pairs of setae, the

ventral pair shorter than the dorsal one.

Examined larvae. — 1 ex., Banjul N’Ding,

13.x1.1981; 5 ex., Kotu Stream, 14.x1.1981; 2

ex., Kotu Stream, 10.x11.1982; 10 ex., Kotu

Stream, 12.x11.1982.

Mine (fig. 1g). — A long and slender ophio-

nome with a central frass-line.

Cocoon. — Yellowish white.

Host plant. — Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq.

(Tiliaceae).

Stigmella allophylivora n. sp.

(figs. 2a—f)

Type locality. — Banjul N’Ding.

Type material — Holotype 6, Banjul

N’Ding; ex larva on Allophylus cf. africanus

Beauv., 7.x11.1982, emerged 27.x11.1982.

Paratypes. — Same locality as holotype, 2 à,

1 9, ex larva on A. cf. africanus Beauv.,

7.xi1.1982, emerged between 27.x11.1982 and

10.1.1983.

Diagnosis. — Deviates from the related allo-

phylica Scoble, 1978, in the male genitalia, espe-

cially in the aedeagus. The vesica of allophylivo-

ra is marked with large and strongly sclerotized

teeth, so as in contrast to the inconspicuous ring

of denticles in allophylica.

Description.

Male. — Wing expanse 4.4—4.6 mm. Thorax

and forewing dark greyish fuscous, with bronze

and a few purple reflections, fringe dark grey-

ish. Antennae greyish brown, eye-caps yellow-

ish white, tuft on front of head and vertex

orange-yellow, collar shining yellowish.

Genitalia (figs. 2a, b). — Tegumen compris-

ing an arcuate band, slightly swollen at ends;

ventral plate of vinculum of median length, an-

terior extension short, weakly excavated; uncus

weakly bilobed; gnathos broadly U-shaped

with the lateral arms somewhat curved inwards;

valves broad with small, papillate style widely

separated from cuiller; juxta narrow, spatula-

168 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 8, 1984 (1985)

Fig. 2. Stigmella allophylivora n.sp. A, B, Male genitalia. C, D, Larval prothoracic sclerites, dorsal and ventral

view. E, Female genitalia. F, Leaf-mine. — Scales = 0.1 mm, except where indicated otherwise.

Fig. 3. Stigmella ficivora n.

» Female genitalia. F, Leaf-

GUSTAFSSON: Stigmella from The Gambia

eht

zei

sp. À, B, Male genitalia. C, D, Larval prothoracic sclerites, dorsal and ventral view.

mine. — Scales = 0.1 mm, except where indicated otherwise.

169

170 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 8, 1984 (1985)

formed; transtilla robust with ventral arms

long; aedeagus 0.75 times length of genital cap-

sule, vesica with a number of large teeth posteri-

orly and a centrally placed arcuate thickening.

Female. — Wing expanse 4.0 mm. No notice-

able difference in habitus from male.

Genitalia (fig. 2e). — Ductus bursae longer

than apophyses; bursa copulatrix pectinate,

without signum.

Pre-imaginal stages. — Eggs laid on the lower

surface of the leaf. Larva (figs. 2c, d): length

3.6—4.0 mm, diameter 0.7 mm; head light

brown with endoskeletal ridges dark brown.

Thorax and abdomen yellowish green. Protho-

rax without spines, meso- and metathorax with

a patch of spines between the D1 and SD1 setae,

spinose on the calli and on a big patch in front

of the SV2 setae. Abdominal segments 1—8

spinose between the SV1 setae and on a patch in

front of the L1 setae, on the dorsal side without

spines in segment 2—5, segment 9 spinose be-

tween the SV1 setae, segment 10 with a few

spines in front of the setae. Abdominal segment

10 with 2 pairs of setae, the ventral pair shorter

than the dorsal one.

Examined larvae. — 3 ex., Banjul N’Ding,

Tx: 1982:

Mine (fig. 2f). — A long ophionome with the

frass deposited as a compact line in the initial

part, as zig-zag arcs in the middle part, and as

separate granules in the end part. The larva

emerges through upper surface of leaf to pu-

pate.

Cocoon. — From yellowish to brownish.

Host plant. — Allophylus cf. africanus Beauv.

(Sapindaceae).

Stigmella ficivora n. sp.

(figs. 3 af)

Type locality. — Bakau.

Type material. — Holotype 4, Bakau: ex lar-

va on Ficus parasitica coll., 30.x1.1982, emerged

20.x11.1982.

Paratypes. — Same locality as holotype, 2 9,

ex larva on F. parasıtica coll., 30.x1.1982,

emerged 20.x11.1982.

Diagnosis. — It has a similar gnathos to

platyzona Väri, 1963, but shows a much longer

valve and the ventral plate of the vinculum is

not so deeply excavated.

Description.

Male. — Wing expanse 3.0 mm. Thorax and

forewing dark fuscous with a purplish reflec-

tion, a broad, postmedial fascia, shining yellow-

ish white. Antennae greyish brown; eye-caps

yellowish, tuft on front of head and vertex

orange-yellow; collar yellowish.

Genitalia (figs. 3a, b). — Tegumen slightly

curved; ventral plate of vinculum short, slightly

mens: in middle of posterior margin, anterior

projection long, deeply excavated; uncus bi-

lobed; gnathos a broadly U-shaped horizontal

element with small tongue-shaped projection;

valves gently curved apically, apex with small

characteristic knob; transtilla robust with ven-

tral arms virtually absent; aedeagus approxi-

mately 2/3 length of genital capsule, vesica with

a number of large spines and a small, curved

thickening.

Female. — Wing expanse 3.2—3.5 mm. An-

tennae yellowish, otherwise no noticeable dif-

ference in habitus from male.

Genitalia (fig. 3e). — Ductus bursae with a

large accessory sac; bursa copulatrix with a pair

of long bands with irregular sclerotizations; an-

terior apophyses with broad base and spinose in

the central part; posterior apophyses straight

and narrow.

Pre-imaginal stages. — Eggs laid on the lower

surface of the leaf. Larva (figs. 3c, d): length 3.0

mm, diameter 0.5 mm; head light brown with

endoskeletal ridges dark brown. Thorax and ab-

domen greyish yellow. Prothorax without spin-

es, meso- and metathorax spinose on the calli

and on a patch in front of the SD2 setae. Ab-

dominal segment 1 with some spines between

the L1 setae, segment 2—7 spinose on the calli

and on a big patch between and in front of the

SV1, L1 setae, segment 8—9 heavily spinose,

segment 10 spinose on the ventral side. Abdom-

inal segment 10 with 2 pairs of setae, the ventral

pair much shorter than the dorsal one.

Examined larvae. — 2 ex., Bakau, Camalou

Corner, 5.x11.1982.

Mine (fig. 3f). — An upper surface ophio-

nome with the frass deposited as separate gran-

ules almost invisible without translucent light.

Larva emerges through lower surface of leaf to

pupate.

Cocoon. — From yellowish white to brown-

ish.

Host plant. — Ficus parasitica coll. (Mora-

ceae).

GUSTAFSSON: Stigmella from The Gambia 171

Stigmella ziziphivora n. sp.

(figs. 4a—f)

Type locality. — Bakau, Kotu Stream.

Type material. — Holotype à, Bakau: ex lar-

va on Ziziphus mauritania Lam., 13.x11.1982,

emerged 29.x11.1982.

Paratypes. — Same locality as holotype, 16

d, 50 2, ex larva on Z. mauritania Lam., 7—

13.x11.1982, emerged between 16.xii.1982 and

3.1.1983; Kotu Stream: 1 d,1 9, ex larva on Z.

mauritania Lam., 3.xu.1982, 14.xi.1981,

emerged 13.x11.1982 and 27.x1.1981.

Diagnosis. — This species is related to paliu-

rella (Klimesch, 1940) and zizyphi Walsingham,

1911. The uncus and aedeagus differ in shape,

the head tuft is orange-yellow in ziziphivora,

black or dark fuscous in the related species.

Description.

Male. — Wing expanse 4.1—5.3 mm. Thorax

and forewing greyish yellow, heavily irrorated

with fuscous; fringe light greyish. Antennae

light brownish; eye-caps yellowish; tuft on

front of head and vertex orange-yellow; collar

yellowish.

Genitalia (figs. 4a, b). — Tegumen slightly

curved; ventral plate of vinculum of median

length, anterior extension weakly excavated;

uncus bilobed; gnathos with a pair of straight

horns, lateral and anterior processes forming a

pair of triangular plates; valves curved apically;

transtilla with ventral arms fairly long; aedeagus

of approximately same length as genital capsule,

vesica with some strong spines.

Female. — Wing expanse 4.0—5.0 mm. No

noticeable difference in habitus from male.

Genitalia (fig. 4e). — Bursae covered with

minute, scallop-shaped pectinations; signum

comprising a band of very small, narrow teeth;

anterior apophyses with broad base; posterior

apophyses straight and narrow.

Pre-imaginal stages. — Eggs laid on the lower

surface of the leaf. Larva (figs. 4c, d): length

3.0—4.5 mm, diameter 0.7 mm; head light

brown with endoskeletal ridges dark brown;

maximum width 0.3 mm; maximum length 0.3

mm. Thorax and abdomen yellowish green.

Prothorax without spines, meso- and metatho-

rax spinose on the calli and on a patch in front

of the SV2 setae. Abdominal segment 1 without

spines, segments 2—7 spinose on the calli, seg-

ment 8 spinose between the SV1 and D1 setae,

segment 9 with a few spines on the ventral side,

segment 10 with some spines in front of the se-

tae. Abdominal segment 10 with 2 pairs of setae,

the ventral pair shorter than the dorsal one. The

larva mines with the ventral side upwards.

Examined larvae. — 2 ex., Bakau, Camalou

Corner, 7.xu.1982; 1 ex., Banjul N’Ding,

7.x11.1982; 27 ex, Bakau, Cape Creek, 9.xii.

198255 ex.) PBakan, SiGape Creek, 13x11.

1982.

Mine (fig. 4f). — An upper surface ophistig-

matonome; larva emerges from lower surface of

leaf to pupate.

Cocoon. — Yellowish white.

Host plant. — Ziziphus mauritania Lam.

(Rhamnaceae).

Stigmella birgittae n. sp.

(figs. 5a—f)

Type locality. — Kotu Stream.

Type material. — Holotype d, Kotu Stream:

ex larva on Ziziphus mauritania Lam.,

15.x1.1981, emerged 27.xi.1981.

Paratypes. — Same locality as holotype, 1 à,

1 ©, ex larva on Z. mauritania Lam., 15.xi.1981,

emerged 1.x11.1981.

Diagnosis. — Deviates from the closely re-

lated ziziphivora n. sp. in the male genitalia, es-

pecially in the aedeagus, transtilla and gnathos.

Derivation of the name. — After the author’s

wife Birgitta.

Description.

Male. — Wing expanse 3.7—4.4 mm. Exter-

nal features of wings, head and thorax similar to

ziziphivora.

Genitalia (figs. 5a, b). — Tegumen slightly

curved; ventral plate of vinculum of median

length, anterior extension weakly excavated;

uncus bilobed; gnathos with a pair of straight,

long horns, lateral and anterior processes form-

ing a pair of triangular plates; valves weakly

curved apically; transtilla with ventral arms

fairly long; aedeagus of approximately same

length as genital capsule, vesica with some

strong spines.

Female. — Wing expanse 3.7 mm. No notice-

able difference in habitus from male.

Genitalia (fig. 5f). — Bursa copulatrix cov-

ered with minute, scallop-shaped pectinations;

signum comprising a band of very small, narrow

teeth; anterior apophyses with a broad base;

posterior apophyses straight and narrow.

Pre-imaginal stages. — Eggs laid on the upper

surface of the leaf. Larva (figs. 5c, d): length 4

mm, diameter 0.7 mm; head light brown with

172 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 8, 1984 (1985)

Res

Mete =

eta

mil’

Fig. 4. Stigmella ziziphivora n.sp. A, B, Male genitalia. C, D, Larval prothoracic sclerites, dorsal and ventral

view. E, Female genitalia. F, Leaf-mine. — Scales = 0.1 mm, except where indicated otherwise.

GUSTAFSSON: Stigmella from The Gambia 175

= 220, 050

ni. eef ba

Fig. 5. Stigmella birgittae n.sp. A, B, Male genitalia. C, D, Larval prothoracic sclerites, dorsal and ventral view.

E, Leaf-mine. F, Female genitalia. — Scales = 0.1 mm, except where indicated otherwise.

174 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 8, 1984 (1985)

endoskeletal ridges dark brown; maximum

width 0.3 mm; maximum length 0.3 mm. Tho-

rax and abdomen yellowish green. Prothorax

without spines, meso- and metathorax spinose

on the calli and on a patch in front of the SV2

setae. Abdominal segment 1 spinose between

the SV1 setae, segments 2—7 spinose on the cal-

li and on a patch in front of and between the

SV1 and L1 setae, segments 8—9 spinose, seg-

ment 10 with some spines in front of the setae.

Abdominal segment 10 with 2 pairs of setae, the

ventral pair shorter than the dorsal one.

Examined larvae.

14.x1.1981; 1 ex., Bakau, Cape Creek, 13.xu.

1982.

Mine (fig. 5e). — An upper surface ophistig-

matonome; larva emerges from upper surface of

leaf to pupate.

Cocoon. — Yellowish white.

Host plant. — Ziziphus mauritania Lam.

(Rhamnaceae).

Stigmella maytenivora n. sp.

(figs. 6a—d)

Type locality. — Bakau.

Type material. — Holotype 4, Bakau: ex lar-

va on Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.) Exell,

30.x1.1982, emerged 17.x11.1982.

Paratypes. — Same locality as holotype, 2 à,

3 2, ex larva on M. senegalensis (Lam.) Exell,

4—10.x1.1981, emerged between 18 and

25 19818

Diagnosis. — No particular close relatives of

this species are known.

Description.

Male. — Wing expanse 3.7—4.1 mm. Thorax

and forewing dark greyish, heavily irrorated

with fuscous; fringe light grey. Antennae light

brownish grey; eye-caps yellowish; tuft on

front of head and vertex redbrown; collar yel-

lowish.

Genitalia (figs. 6a, b). — Tegumen a narrow,

slightly curved band; ventral plate of vinculum

of median length, anterior extension weakly ex-

cavated; uncus weakly bilobed with a pair of

widely separated, lateral papillae; gnathos with

a pair of straight horns, lateral and anterior pro-

cesses forming a pair of triangular plates; valves

with pointed style and a rectangular cuiller;

transtilla with ventral arms absent; aedeagus

large, approximately 1.5 times length of genital

— 1 ex., Kotu Stream,

capsule, vesica with long, longitudinally run-

ning band of cornuti.

Female. — Wing expanse 3.5—4.2 mm. No

noticeable difference in habitus from male.

Genitalia (fig. 6d). — Ductus bursae long and

broad with a very large accessory sac; bursa

copulatrix densely covered with fishscale-

shaped sclerotizations; signum absent.

Pre-imaginal stages. — Eggs laid on the lower

surface of the leaf. Larva: yellowish green with

pale brown head.

Mine (fig. 6c). — An upper surface ophistig-

matonome; larva emerges from the upper sur-

face of leaf to pupate.

Cocoon. — Yellowish white.

Host plant. — Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.)

Exell (Celastraceae).

Stigmella wollofella

(Gustafsson, 1972) comb. nov.

(figs. 7a—d)

Nepticula wollofella Gustafsson, 1972: 158—159.

Type locality. — Gambia River between Ban-

jul and Basse Santa Su.

Type material. — 1 6, collected on the ship

MS “Lady Wright”.

Material studied. — Holotype à, 5.x11.1970;

1 d, 2 2, The Gambia, Bakau, Camalou Cor-

ner, ex larva on Ziziphus mauritania Lam.,

7.x11.1982, emerged 16.x11.1982; 1 d, The Gam-

bia, Barra, ex larva on Z. mauritania Lam.,

11.x11.1982, emerged 30.x11.1982.

Diagnosis. — No particular close relatives of

this species are known. The male genitalia re-

semble those of mandingella Gustafsson, 1972

— but are distinct by the shape of the juxta.

Description.

Male. — Wing expanse 4.5 mm. Thorax and

forewing dark greyish fuscous with dark grey-

ish fringe. Antennae brownish; eye-caps yel-

lowish white; tuft on front of head and vertex

orange-yellow; collar yellowish white.

Genitalia (figs. 7a, b). — Tegumen a broad ar-

cuate plate; ventral plate of vinculum narrow,

lateral arms broad and articulating with tegu-

men at dorsal extremities, saccus more than 3

times width of ventral plate of vinculum; uncus

bilobed; gnathos broadly U-shaped with the

lateral arms curved outwards; valves clearly di-

vided into a pointed style and a rounded cuiller;

175

GUSTAFSSON: Stigmella from The Gambia

= 0.1 mm,

Scales

, B, Male genitalia. C, Leaf-mine. D, Female genitalia.

tenivora n.sp. À

d otherwise.

Fig. 6. Stigmella may

except where indicate

176 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 8, 1984 (1985)

en ne

Fig. 7. Stigmella wollofella (Gustafsson). A, B, Male genitalia. C, Female genitalia. D, Leaf-mine. — Scales =

0.1 mm, except where indicated otherwise.

GUSTAFSSON: Stigmella from The Gambia 177

juxta in form of a triangular arrow with strong

spines; transtilla with ventral arms short and

stout; aedeagus with a number of denticulate

cornuti on vesica.

Female. — Wing expanse 4.5 mm. No notice-

able difference in habitus from male.

Genitalia (fig. 7c). — Ductus bursae very

large relative to the bursa copulatrix; the latter

covered with scallop-shaped pectinations; sig-

num absent; anterior apophyses arcuate, broad

basally; posterior apophyses straight and nar-

row.

Pre-imaginal stages. — Eggs laid on the upper

surface of the leaf. Larva: yellowish green with

pale brown head.

Mine (fig. 7d). — An upper surface ophistig-

matonome; larva emerges from the lower side

of the leaf to pupate.

Cocoon. — Yellowish green.

Host plant. — Ziziphus mauritania Lam.

(Rhamnaceae).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I wish to express my sincere thanks to Dr. K.

J. Hedqvist, Dr. eA: Janzon and Mr. T. Sjölin,

who accompanied me on the collecting trips.

Thanks are also due to Dr. K. Bremer and Dr.

C.-J. Clemedson for help with the identifica-

tions of the host plants and to Dr. E. Sylvén for

the interest shown in this study.

RELEVANT LITERATURE

Gerasimov, A. M., 1937. Minierende Motten V. Neue

Stigmella (Nepticula)- und Tischeria-Arten

(Lepid. Stigmell. und Tischer.). — Mitt. zool.

Mus. Berl. 22: 282—285.

Gustafsson, B., 1972. Three new species of Nepticula

from Gambia (Lep. Nepticulidae). — Ent. Tidskr.

93: 156—159.

Gustafsson, B., 1981. Characters of systematic impor-

tance in European Nepticulidae larvae (Lepido-

ptera). — Ent. scand. 12: 109—116.

Klimesch, J., 1940. Uber eine Nepticulidae-Ausbeute

von Triést. — Zeitschr. Wr. Ent. Ges. 25: 177—

179, 188—189.

Scoble, M. J., 1978. Nepticulidae of Southern Africa:

A Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Stigmella

Schrank (Lepidoptera: Monotrysia). — Ann.

Transv. Mus. 31: 87—129.

Scoble, M. J., 1983. A revised, cladistic classification

of the Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with descrip-

tions of new taxa, mainly from southern Africa. —

Transvaal Museum Monograph 2: I—XI, 1—105.

Walsingham, L., 1911. Algerian microlepidoptera. —

Entomologists mon. Mag. 47: 190—191.

Vari, L., 1963. South African Lepidoptera, 3. Descrip-

tions of new Stigmellidae. — Koedoe 6: 66—75.

“ISSO

DEEL 127 AFLEVERING 9 1984

TIJDSCHRIFT

> {OP dn

VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE

DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING

INHOUD

H. J. Viuc. — The types of Platygastridae (Hymenoptera, Scelionoidea) described

by Haliday and Walker and preserved in the National Museum of Ireland and in

the British Museum (Natural History). 2. Keys to species, redescriptions, syno-

nymy, pp. 179—224, figs. 1—98.

Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, deel 127, afl. 9 “_ Gepubliceerd 14-VI-1985

| ay

THE TYPES OF PLATYGASTRIDAE

(HYMENOPTERA, SCELIONOIDEA) DESCRIBED BY

HALIDAY

AND WALKER AND PRESERVED IN THE NATIONAL

MUSEUM OF IRELAND AND IN THE

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY).

2. KEYS TO SPECIES, REDESCRIPTIONS, SYNONYMY

H.J. VLUG

Instituut voor Plantenziektenkundig Onderzoek, Binnenhaven 12, Wageningen, The Netherlands

ABSTRACT

Keys are given for 97 Palaearctic species of Platygastrinae, described by Haliday and Walker. They comprise

the genera Platygaster, Synopeas, Piestopleura, Leptacis, Trichacis, Isocybus and Amblyaspis. Descriptions and

illustrations of the type-specimens are provided, mainly based on the lectotypes selected earlier. The following

synonymies are proposed: Platygaster olorus Walker, 1835 = P. cebes Walker, 1835; P. cratinus Walker, 1835 =

P. cebes Walker, 1835; P. (Urocyclops) ilione Walker, 1835 = P. (Urocyclops) vaenia Walker, 1835; P. longiven-

tris Thomson, 1859 = P. gyge Walker, 1835; P. ruborum (Kieffer, 1916) = P. pelias Walker, 1835; P. evadne

Walker, 1835 = P. attenuata Walker, 1835; P. cleodaeus Walker, 1835 = P. abisares Walker, 1835; Synopeas

mamertes Kieffer, 1926 = S. craterus (Walker, 1835); S. acco (Walker, 1835) = S. rhanis (Walker, 1835); Leptacis

| torispinula Huggert, 1980 = L. nydia (Walker, 1835); Amblyaspis furius (Walker, 1835) = A. scelionoides (Hal-

| iday, 1835).

INTRODUCTION

For a general introduction on the types of Platygastridae, described by Haliday and Walker I

may refer to the paper by Vlug & Graham (1984). In the present paper the types are keyed out and

brief redescriptions and figures are given for the species of the subfamily Platygastrinae, comprising

the genera Platygaster, Synopeas, Piestopleura, Leptacis, Trichacis, Isocybus and Amblyaspis. For a

better understanding of this group it is necessary for future workers to consult types. This key is

merely an attempt to provide some detailed information about the species and to give a tool for type

demands. The figures are kept rather simple and give a general view of the head, antennae and meta-

soma to support and amplify the descriptions. For the terms of the microsculpture, used in the key,

I refer to the paper by Eady (1968).

It has been shown that many species which occur in Great Britain and Ireland are not represented

in continental North-Western Europe. They are not well represented in the author’s collection.

Therefore the descriptions and keys are mainly based on the lectotypes in the National Museum of

Ireland (NMI) and the British Museum (Natural History) (BMNH). Where possible, the distribu-

tion and hosts are mentioned. Notes on synonymy are given in the keys under the heading “Re-

marks”.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks are due to Dr. J. P. O’Connor (Dublin, Ireland), Dr. L. Masner (Ottawa, Canada), Dr.

M. W. R. de Vere Graham (Oxford, Great Britain) and Dr. L. Huggert (Lund, Sweden) for their

useful criticism and to Mr. C. van der Horst (Wageningen, Netherlands) for revising the English

text.

Platygaster Latreille

1. Vertex and/or occiput without striae (in Platygaster sterope the lectotype has two very short

ul neat a 2 Ne MAL, dk a ck ee apd ee douane ee 2

180

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 9, 1984 (1985)

Vertex and/or occiput faintly to strongly striated or transversely reticulate ................ 15

. Head and mesoscutum moderately to strongly reticulate-coriaceous; head broadly rounded be-

hind ‘eyes, appearinghiek ER A 2 Wee. ack eae AREA ee ees hc tee cu er 3

Head and mesoscutum sometimes reticulate or coriaceous but never regularly and strongly so;

headmor particulanlysthicke nen RIVE PLATONE 12

. Pronotum at sides partly coriaceous, lower third longitudinally striated-and/or widely punctate

with.hairs,. 22 E22 ILIADE RARE NIRO 4

Pronotum coriaceous in its upper half; lower half more or less smooth. .................... 8

. Pronotum provided with a membraneous-edged flange which covers part of fore coxa .........

DEN ERS Jet ree rt en berte hr Eine a es taras Walker, 1835

Head 2.0 times as broad as long, broadly rounded behind eyes; OOL : POL: LOL = 4:9:

4; frons regularly reticulate-coriaceous, smoother above antennal sockets; occipital region ir-

regularly coriaceous with some short and weak transverse crenulae. Propleurae coriaceous in

upper half, lower half sparsely haired; pronotum with a flange which expands posteriorly in-

to an overhanging, more or less membraneous, sclerite which partly covers fore coxa; notauli

complete; mesoscutum coriaceous, its midlobe reaching scutellum; scuto-scutellar grooves

deep and broad; scutellum strongly convex, well above mesoscutum; propodeal carinae high

and strong. T1 crenulated; T2 striated to half of tergite; T3 with a few hairs; T4 with a single

row of deeply implanted hairs; T5 partly covered with scattered and deeply implanted hairs;

T6 completely covered with long and deeply implanted hairs. Black, shiny species. Antennae

preponderantly black, A2 brownish. Fore legs brownish, middle and hind legs dark brown

with lighter tarsi. Length female 1.9 mm (figs. 1a—1c).

Pronotal flange simple, not covering part of coxa and not particularly expanded postero-ven-

Propleurae striated in lower half, provided with a few weak hairs ......... otanes Walker, 1835

Head 1.6 times as broad as long; OOL : POL: LOL = 8: 17: 8; head entirely reticulate

coriaceous, somewhat smoother between median ocellus and antennal sockets. Mesoscutum

entirely reticulate coriaceous except for two smooth lines in front between notauli, and post-

ero-lateral lines outside notauli; notauli complete and deep; mesopleurae with some irregular

striation in upper part; midlobe of mesoscutum nearly reaching scutellum, gap between these

deep and broad; scutellum strongly convex, well above level of mesoscutum; propodeal cari-

nae long and strong. T1 crenulated; T2 for three-quarter striated, at sides somewhat longer;

T3 and T4 smooth with a few hairs; T5 with a single row of deeply implanted hairs; T6 with

an irregular row of deeply implanted hairs; T7 with a few hairs. Black, rather dull species.

Wings clear. Antennae preponderantly blackish brown. Legs entirely dark brown, fore legs

lighter. Length male 1.9 mm (figs. 2a—2c).

Propleurae smooth im lower part, with widely separatedihaırs say, ise Eier ee 6

Occiput elevated in the middle, with some very short carinae on top of the elevation; frons with

a smooth line from median ocellus downwards........................ sterope Walker, 1835

Head 1.8 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 5: 13 : 4; head reticulate coriaceous,

with the exceptions mentioned above, broadly rounded behind eyes. Notauli complete and

deep; mesoscutum reticulate coriaceous; scutellum convex, above level of mesoscutum; pro-

podeal carinae long and well apart, their top surface being smooth. T1 reticulate with two,

somewhat diverging central keels; central lobe between basal foveae of T2 protruding, stria-

tion extending to half of tergite and at sides traceable as a faint wrinkling; T3—T5 with a fine

row of hairs; T6 with fine, rather deeply implanted hairs. Black, shiny species. Antennae

dark brown, A3 lighter. Wings only slightly infuscated. Legs dark brown, fore femur proxi-

mally and all tarsi lighter. Length female 1.4 mm (figs. 3a—3c).

VLUG: Types of Platygastridae 181

| &

198,

o 7 \

Figs. 1—6. a, antenna; b, head (dorsal view); c, metasoma (dorsal view). 1a—c, Platygaster taras (lectotype);

2a—c, P. otanes (lectotype); 3a—c, P. sterope (lectotype); 4a—c, P. pleuron (lectotype); 5a—c, P. orus (no. 1104

i in NMI); 6a—c, P. abia (paralectotype no. 1109 in NMI).

182 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 9, 1984 (1985)

— Occiput not particularly elevated in the middle; head and occiput regularly reticulate coria-

ceous, without any trace of carinae and smooth nes oa frons; sometimes area beneath median

ocellusswathtsmeotherseulpture 2) ROERO 7

7. Striation on T2 in basal foveae and on central lobe extending to half of tergite .................

WAR DALIA E NE PRO N ORE pleuron Walker, 1835

Head 1.6 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 6 : 9 : 4; entire head regularly reticu-

late coriaceous, broadly rounded behind eyes. Notauli complete and deep; mesoscutum com-

pletely reticulate coriaceous; anteriorly, between notauli, two smooth lines, with two others

postero-laterally; propleurae coriaceous in upper two-thirds and smooth with hairs in lower

part; scutellum convex, well above level of mesoscutum; propodeal carinae long and strong,

with a rather sharp upper ridge. T1 strongly reticulate; T2 striated over whole width in first

half of tergite; T3 and T4 smooth, with some lateral hairs; T5 smooth with an irregular row

of brown hairs; T6 in posterior two-thirds covered with long, brown hairs. Black, shiny spe-

cies. Antennae blackish, junction of A2 and A3 being somewhat lighter. Wings slightly infus-

cated. Fore femora brown, fore tibiae brown but apically lighter; tarsi light brown; middle

and hind legs dark brown. Length female 1.7 mm (figs. 4a—4c). i

— Striation on T2 only in basal foveae, central lobe being smooth; striation extending to three-

quarters O Mer gite ONAN SEI al VIA: UO AE DEIN EIER orus Walker, 1835

Head 1.7 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 4 : 10 : 5; frons reticulate coriaceous,

this sculpture being somewhat smoother just beneath median ocellus; occipital region and

ocellar area slightly transversely reticulate coriaceous, in posterior middle part slightly rugu-

lose. Mesoscutum and scutellum as in P. pleuron (the scutellum and T2 of the type is dam-

aged); propodeal carinae well developed, their top surface flange-like, turned inwards and

broadened in posterior part. T1 strongly crenulated; T2 striated in basal foveae to three-

quarters of tergite, central lobe rather smooth with some irregular sculpture; T3 and T4

laterally with some fine hairs; T5 with a single row of fine hairs; T6 with some very faint

sculpturing and widely separated, deeply implanted hairs. Black, shiny species. Antennae

blackish, A2 and A3 somewhat lighter. Fore legs light brown, ubiae dorsally darker; middle

legs brown; hind legs dark brown, proximal part of tibiae and tarsal segments being lighter.

Length female 2.0 mm (figs. 5a—5c).

8. Scape, A2—A4 and all legs entirely reddish or reddish yellow ............................ 9

— Antennae and legs darkened, with lighter and darker markings; at most fore legs lighter ..... 10

9. Temple as long as eye (in dorsal view); head about 1.8 times as broad as long. abia Walker, 1835

OOL : POL : LOL = 8 : 12 : 5; head and mesoscutum entirely, but not very strongly retic-

ulate coriaceous. Notauli complete; scutellum convex, just above level of mesoscutum; pro-

podeal carinae long, but not very prominent, wide apart. T2 with some short striae on central

lobe between basal foveae. Black, rather dull species. Scape, A2—A4 and all legs reddish yel-

low. Length female 1.3 mm (figs. 6a—6c).

— Temple 1.3 times as long as eye (in dorsal view); head about 1.5 times as broad aslong..........

RE EN SNELDE TIETEN i eran eke abo is PRE RE VARIO lysicles Walker, 1835

OOL : POL: LOL = 10: 17 : 9; head and mesoscutum entirely reticulate coriaceous, fad- —

ing away at some spots. Scutellum strongly convex, above level of mesoscutum; propodeal _

carinae wide apart, in between these some cross carinae, forming a turned M. Median lobe

between basal foveae of T2 prominent, sparsely striated in one-third of tergite. Black, shiny

species. Scape, A2—A4 and all legs reddish. Length female 1.8 mm (figs. 7a—7c).

VLUG: Types of Platygastridae 183

11a

() \

Leg Lo tic

Figs. 7—11. a (d), antenna; b, head (dorsal view); c (e), metasoma (dorsal view). 7a—c, Platygaster lysicles (lec-

totype); 8a—c, P. sonchis (lectotype); 8d—e, P. dictys (lectotype); 9a—c, P. cebes (lectotype); 10a—c, P. olorus

(paralectotype no. 336 in NMI); 11a—c, P. cratinus (lectotype).

184 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 9, 1984 (1985)

10. T2 striated to half of tergite. Propodeal carinae prominent, parallel and without transverse con-

TECO ee EEE ANNEE PPM: MONROE AD EDEN sonchis Walker, 1835

Head 1.7 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 5 : 13 : 5; frons faintly coriaceous,

shiny; vertex and occiput reticulate coriaceous, occiput more irregularly. Mesoscutum reticu-

late coriaceous; notauli complete and deep; scutellum strongly convex and steeply sloping to

metanotum. Central lobe between basal foveae of T2 prominent. Black, shiny species. Anten-

nae black. Fore legs brown, middle and hind legs black with lighter femora and tarsi. Length

female 1.6 mm (figs. 8a—8c).

Remarks. — The male specimen of P. dictys Walker, 1835, is very much alike. The type of

P. dictys, however, is missing head and most part of antennae (figs. 8d— 8e). Slight differences

may be found in the measurements of the mesoscutum (width X length is 0.36 X 0.36 mm in

P. dictys and 0.31 X 0.35 mm in P. sonchis). Reared series of this species may solve any possi-

ble synonymy.

— T2 nearly smooth, somewhat striated in its basal third. Propodeal carinae connected by one or

moreitransverse Carinae a LEA ER MORINI RE i 11

11. T2 faintly striated in basal foveae, rest of tergite smooth .................. cebes Walker, 1835

Head 1.7 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 8 : 16 : 8; frons faintly coriaceous

with some transverse wrinkles above antennal sockets; vertex, occiput and mesoscutum retic-

ulate coriaceous. Scutellum convex, just above level of mesoscutum; propodeal carinae prom-

inent, area in between them roughly crenulated and elevated above the rest of propodeum.

Black, shiny species. Antennae dark brown. All legs dark brown, tarsi lighter. Length male

1.4 mm (figs. 9a—9c).

— T2 slightly to moderately striated in and between basal foveae, rest of tergitesmooth...........

FEE RS. DE. MARE LEMIRE DS MIS PATES RER TAT SE ADRIA olorus Walker, 1835

Head 1.4 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 9 : 17 : 9 (head of the type slightly

damaged between lateral ocelli); frons finely coriaceous, faintly striated above antennal sock-

ets; coriaceous on vertex and occiput. Mesoscutum reticulate coriaceous; notauli complete;

scutellum convex, just above level of mesoscutum; propodeal carinae with cross carinae, giv-

ing the appearence of a butterfly in outline; lateral areas of propodeum densely covered with

brown hairs. Black, shiny species. Antennae black. Legs dark brown; all tibiae proximally

and distally lighter delle lighter. Length male 1.5 mm (figs. 10a—10c).

Remarks. — P. cratinus Walker, 1835, differs from P. olorus by the following characters:

Head 1.7 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 9 : 18 : 8. Propodeal carinae forming

two longitudinal ovals; sides of propodeum sparsely hairy. Length female 1.8 mm (figs.

11a—11c). Despite the differences given for P. olorus, P. cebes and P. cratinus, I consider

them to be conspecific. In my collection are some forms intermediate in colour as well as in

morphological characters. I select here the name Platygaster cebes with P. olorus and P. crati-

nus as Synonyms (syn. nov.).

12. Head (except occiput) and mesoscutum smooth, shiny .................. strato Walker, 1835

Head 1.6 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 6: 9 : 3. Notauli traceable anterior-

ly, posteriorly clearly defined; scutellum moderately convex; propodeal carinae high, widely

separated and not flattened dorsally. T2 with striated basal foveae, rest of tergite smooth.

Dark brown species with darker head. Antennae brown. Fore legs brown, tibiae proximally

and distally lighter, tarsi dirty yellow; middle and hind legs brown, tarsi lighter. Length fe-

male 1.1 mm (figs. 12a—12c).

„At least frons with microsculprure a. hunter MR PL TE 13

13, Mesoscutum smooth, shiny. i. (Urocyclops) vaenia Walker, 1835

VLUG: Types of Platygastridae 185

sxe

ED, ER

14b 15b

he 15 afb def -

16b

15d

16c

Figs. 12—16. a, antenna; b, head (dorsal view); c, metasoma (dorsal view); d, metasoma (lateral view). 12a—c,

Platygaster strato (paralectotype no. 384 in NMI); 13a—c, P. (Urocyclops) vaenia (lectotype); 14a—c, P. (Uro-

cyclops) ilione (lectotype); 15a—d, P. xeneus (lectotype); 16a—c, P. rutubus (lectotype)

186 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 9, 1984 (1985)

Head 1.7 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 9 : 16 : 6; occiput with a few weak

wrinkles, vertex and part of frons coriaceous. A modified pronotal structure presented by a

semicircular plate in the neck region between collar and mesoscutum; notauli not meeting,

becoming more or less parallel posteriorly; scutellum smooth, moderately convex. T2

striated to half of tergite; T6 extremely flattened, twice as long as broad at base, forming a

“beaver-tail”. Black, shiny species. Antennae dark brown, tip of scape, A2 and A3 lighter.

Coxae black, trochantera reddish, all femora proximally reddish, distally darkened; all tibiae

dark brown, proximally and distally lighter; tarsi red. Length female 2.0 mm (figs. 13a—13c).

Remarks. — P. (Urocyclops) ilione Walker, 1835, differs from P. (U.) vaenia by the follow-

ing characters: OOL : POL: LOL = 6: 10: 4. Notauli less deep than in P. vaenia. Tro-

chantera darker than in P. vaenia; fore tibiae to a greater extent lighter than in P. vaenia.

Length male 1.1 mm (figs. 14a—14c). P. ilione represents the male of P. vaenia and may be

considered a synonym (syn. nov.). Platygaster vaenia belongs in the subgenus Urocyclops

Maneval. Recent material of this subgenus was reared in large quantities for the first time

from the gallmidge Procystiphora gerardi Meyer on Juncus gerardu Lois, by Dr. H. Meyer,

Kiel, Germany, and kindly placed at my disposal. Detailed studies and comparison of the

specimens with the material mentioned by Huggert (1974) may solve the problems of syno-

nymy associated with these highly polymorphic taxa.

— -Mesoseutum with.sculpture .. lie lan a RRR AR ak fe ee ER 14

14. Head coriaceous, about 2.1 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 2: 16: 7; antennae

lone andsslender a zeer ment e ot AR re ee xeneus Walker, 1838

Mesoscutum irregularly and weakly reticulate; notauli incomplete; scutellum moderately

convex, in dorsal view rounded, apically extended into a small sharp triangle; propodeum

with a few long hairs, surface between these hairs smooth; propodeal carinae elevated, with a

flattened surface. T1 laterally provided with long hairs; metasoma long oval, gradually ta-

pering apically and with a long and sharply pointed T6 (2.2 times as long as broad at base),

for the most part strigose. Length female 1.4 mm (except ovipositor) (figs. 15a—15d).

Remarks. — Antennae of P. xeneus remarkably long and slender, with a 4-jointed slender

club: (length X width) A1: 0.27 x 0.04 mm; A2: 0.09 x 0.03 mm; A3: 0.04 x 0.02 mm; A4:

0.06 x 0.02 mm; A5: 0.05 x 0.02 mm; A6: 0.03 x 0.02 mm; A7: 0.08 x 0.03 mm; A8: 0.08

X 0.03 mm; A9: 0.08 X 0.03 mm; A10: 0.10 X 0.03 mm. This species combines characters of

Platygaster and Synopeas. It may represent a new genus. A more detailed study is being car-

ried out.

— Head faintly coriaceous, swollen and about 1.4 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL =

6216.8; antennae mot particularly lonszandislender... A RE rutubus Walker, 1835

Epomia strong; mesoscutum partly irregularly coriaceous, rest of mesoscutum smooth; no-

tauli indicated, but evident only in extreme posterior part; scutellum convex, clearly above

level of mesoscutum; propodeal carinae wide apart and high. Metasoma long oval, 1.4 times

as long as mesosoma; T2 with deep, basal pits, median lobe not developed into a raised tong-

ue; T2 laterally striated to half of its length. Black, shiny species. Antennae brown, scape and

A3 red. Mouthparts red. Wings infuscated. Legs entirely yellowish red. Length male 1.6 mm

(figs. 16a—16c). |

15. No trace of notauli. Median plate, situated between imaginary notaulic courses prolonged into

a flange which covers baséat scumelluin, :. Ms rede RE 16

— Notauli at least traceable in posterior part of mesoscutum; median plate different........... 19

16. Scutellum entire, not excavated or prolonged plate-like posteriorly....... inermis Walker, 1835

Head 2.2. times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 3 : 11 : 5; frons faintly strigose, ver-

tex and occiput striate. Mesoscutum sparsely haired, hair-implantations scale-like; “median

plate” of mesoscutum prolonged into a broad flange, which is membraneous in its extreme

17.

18.

Vruc: Types of Platygastridae 187

hind border, covering base of scutellum; scutellum moderately convex, not above level of

mesoscutum; propodeal carinae high and wide apart. T2 striated from basal foveae to one-

third; T3—T5 equal, T6 longer, as long as broad at base. Black, shiny species. Wings slightly

infuscated. Antennae and legs dark brown, tarsi lighter. Length female 1.3 mm (figs. 17a—

17c).

Scutellum excavated from behind, its surface extended into a membraneous plate of different

DE er EE Id tue de STA, PIRO x's Sis. oi à de ae s dote UE A LE 1174

Remarks. — The species of the “cochleata group” key out here. These may belong to Pros-

ynopeas Kieffer. Apparently the type of this genus is lost, but rearing may solve the problem.

It is also possible that they belong to Ceratacis Thomson, the type of which has yet to be

examined (Huggert, pers. comm.). Therefore this group has not been properly defined.

Median plate of mesoscutum only slightly prolonged, just covering extreme base of scutellum;

scutellum moderately convex, in lateral view cut off posteriorly at an angle of 90°; scutellum,

seen from behind, clearly excavated, possessing a narrow membraneous flange .…

MM bn ele ee ne laricis Haliday, 1835

Head 2.0 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 6 : 10 : 6. Propodeal carinae high and

well apart. T2 faintly striated in its basal foveae. Black, shiny species. Antennae yellow, last

four segments brownish. Coxae and legs entirely yellow. Length female 1.2 mm (figs. 18a—

18c).

— Median plate of mesoscutum prolonged into a broad membraneous plate, postero-lateral parts

of mesoscutum provided with long hairs, covering base of scutellum; scutellum excavated and

dorsally prolonged into a broad plate, high above propodeum, and a second membraneous plate

Ei. ee Me EN EER RR A EO ME 18

Head 1.7 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 3 : 17: 6; head faintly coriaceous; a

small triangular plate between antennal sockets …. cochleata Walker, 1835

Mesoscutum with long hairs; prolongation of scutellum straight apically; propodeum with

two widely separated, blunt carinae. T2 with shallow basal foveae, in between these faintly

striated. Black, shiny species. Antennae red, last four segments dark. Legs entirely red, coxae

darker. Length female 1.7 mm (figs. 19a—19c).

Remarks. — P. filicornis Walker, 1835, differs from P. cochleata by the following charac-

ters: Male. Head 2.2 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 3: 16: 7; antennae and

legs slightly darker than in P. cochleata. Length male 1.4 mm (figs. 20a—20c). Platygaster

filicornis may prove to be the male of P. cochleatus, but considering the shape of the head,

this is not certain. Rearing may prove the conspecificity of both species, but until then I con-

sider them to be two separate species.

— Head 2.4 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 6: 13 : 7; head entirely but faintly re-

aa INI vestinus Walker, 1835

Occipital carina traceable. Median plate of mesoscutum slightly, but very broadly prolonged

as a light brown flange, over base of scutellum; postero-lateral parts of mesoscutum sparsely

hairy; scutellum long, and slightly convex, at level of mesoscutum, excavated behind and

prolonged by a short membrane; mesoscutum faintly coriaceous, sparsely hairy; propodeal

carinae high, very close, seemingly fused. Black, shiny species. Antennae brown. Legs

brown, tarsi lighter. Length male 1.3 mm (figs. 21a—21c).

Remarks. — Platygaster leptines Walker, 1835, differs only slightly from P. vestinus

Walker, 1835, by the following characters: Frons, vertex and occiput transversely coriaceous.

Scutellum ending into a toothed lamella-like structure; propodeal carinae rather close to each

other, moderately high and with a blunt surface. Length male 1.2 mm (figs. 22a—22c). P.

188 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 9, 1984 (1985)

17a | 18a

TO 18b

= LE eas

ey lac 19a log

Figs. 17—22. a, antenna; b, head (dorsal view); c, metasoma (dorsal view). 17a—c, Platygaster inermis (lecto-

type); 18a—c, P. laricis (lectotype); 19a—c, P. cochleata (lectotype); 20a—c, P. filicornis (lectotype); 21a—c, P.

vestinus (lectotype); 22a—c, P. leptines (lectotype).

Vrug: Types of Platygastridae 189

vestinus and P. leptines have some characters in common with species of Leptacis, Platygaster

and the “cochleata group” of Platygaster. Their systematic position needs further study. In

some respects the species are similar, nevertheless I prefer to consider them separate species

until rearing results prove their conspecificity.

19. Smooth and shiny species; sometimes faint sculpture in anterior region of mesoscutum....... 20

— Atleast some microsculpture on head and/or mesoscutum .............................. 22

20. Head about 1.9 times as broad as long. Notauli incomplete.............. galenus Walker, 1835

OOL : POL: LOL = 5: 11: 3; head smooth, shiny; occiput very weakly transversely

striated. Mesoscutum smooth and shiny; median plate between notauli prolonged and just

reaching scutellum; scutellum convex, smooth in its centre and haired at its sides; propodeum

very short. T2 striated in basal foveae, these very short; rest of T2 smooth shiny; T5 and T6

long, T6 slightly longer than T5; T5 rugulose, 1.2 times as long as broad at base. Black, shiny

species. Antennae dark brown. Legs dark brown, fore tarsi lighter. Length female 1.1 mm

(figs. 23a—23c).

— Head about 2.3 times as broad as long. Notauli nearly complete ......................... 21

21. Scutellum convex, above level of mesoscutum. 2.2 c2n seen. cyrsilus Walker, 1835

Head 2.3 times as broad as long; OOL : POL: LOL = 6: 12: 5; occiput transversely

striated, rest of head smooth, shiny. Mesoscutum smooth, shiny; scutellum smooth, shiny,

rounded, postero-lateral border excavated; propodeum short, carinae high and wide apart.

T2 with some striation in and between basal foveae; rest of metasoma smooth, shiny; T4—T6

long, T6 1.4 as long as broad at base. Black, shiny species. Antennae dark brown. Legs black-

ish, tarsi lighter; fore tibiae proximally and distally lighter. Length female 1.6 mm (figs. 24a—

24d).

— Scutellum moderately convex, at level of mesoscutum .................. dryope Walker, 1835

Head 2.3 times as broad as long; OOL : POL: LOL = 5: 13: 5; occiput transversely

striated, rest of head smooth, shiny. Mesoscutum smooth, shiny; scutellum smooth, shiny, its

postero-lateral borders entire; propodeum longer than in former species, carinae wide apart

and protruding backwards. T2 striated in and between basal foveae; T4—T6 short, T6 0.3 as

long as broad at base. Black, shiny species. Antennae brown. All femora brown, all tibiae

brown, proximally lighter; fore tarsi yellowish, middle and hind tarsi brown. Length female

1.1 mm (figs. 25a—25c).

22. Scutellum strongly convex, more or less compressed in posterior part and postero-laterally with

a strong rounded impression; median plate of mesoscutum prolonged and usually covering base

EE EA en Jana. bats n lca re arten india 23

— Scutellum slightly to moderately convex, entire or at most with a small roundish impression,

never more or less compressed; median plate of mesoscutum at most reaching base of scutellum

AR N er ne PAL AT: 24

23. Head about 2.0 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 7 : 14 :5; frons alutaceous.......

ee san. LEGR APTE curb tm athamas Walker, 1835

Occiput rounded and strongly striated. Mesoscutum rather smooth, in front slightly rugu-

lose; notauli incomplete, median plate between these continuing over base of scutellum; pos-

terior border of median plate broadly rounded; propodeum with high carinae, wide apart and

a weak transverse carina between them. T2 striated in basal foveae to half of tergite, median

lobe between foveae only striated at base; rest of tergite smooth; hairs on T3—T6 deeply

implanted; T6 1.2 as long as broad at base. Black, shiny species. Antennae black. Legs black,

tibiae proximally lighter, tarsi light brown. Length female 1.6 mm (figs. 26a—26c).

190 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 9, 1984 (1985)

27b

Figs. 23—27. a, antenna; b, head (dorsal view); c, metasoma (dorsal view); d, metasoma (lateral view). 23a—c,

Platygaster galenus (lectotype); 24a—d, P. cyrsilus (lectotype); 25a—c, P. dryope (lectotype); 26a—c, P. atha-

mas (lectotype); 27a—c, P. euhemerus (lectotype).

Vruc: Types of Platygastridae 191

Head about 2.5 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 4: 11 : 4; frons faintly fan-like

dt dk aen ER EN euhemerus Walker, 1835

Occipital carina present between some transverse striae on vertex, occiput strongly striated.

Mesoscutum rather smooth, weakly coriaceous anteriorly; rest of mesosoma as in P. atha-

mas. Basal foveae of T2 striated to half of tergite, midlobe between these smooth, except for a

short median longitudinal carina; rest of tergites smooth; hairs on T3—T6 less deeply im-

planted than in P. athamas; T6 0.7 times as long as broad at base. Black, shiny species. An-

tennae black, A2 and A3 lighter. Fore femora black, tibiae light brown, tarsi lighter; middle

femora black, tibiae brown, proximally lighter, tarsi light brown; hind femora black, tibiae

dark brown, proximally lighter, tarsi brown. Length female 1.5 mm (figs. 27a—27c).

Remarks. — Both Platygaster athamas and P. euhemerus seem to be rather variable, even

in morphological characters, such as the structure of the midlobe of the mesoscutum, the de-

pressions of the scutellum and the striation of T2. A good character seems to be the micros-

culpture on the propodeum between the carinae: P. euhemerus has distinct transverse carinae

here, somewhat stronger in females than in males. P. athamas was reared from Bayeria capi-

tigena Br. on Euphorbia esula L. (“The Netherlands, Wessum, August 1971, leg. Vlug”) and

Rhabdophaga terminalis H. Loew on Salix alba L. (“The Netherlands, Brandwijk, July 1973,

leg. Vlug”). The specimens from R. terminalis are larger than those from B. capitigena. Other

reared material of this species is from Wachtliella rosarum Hardy on Rosa sp. (“The Nether-

lands, Cuyk, September 1973, leg. Vlug”).

AT JAN NL ie QE Gee AS I PE in ah 25

EEE 0 mu We aan capes ed RE 47

. T5 either only slightly broader than long or as long as broad at base or longer than broad (cf.

RER EEN ENG EE NEE ONS OEE UE an OUD, HAT 26

MER nehdetansverse (cfsfigs4le=BOC) u 02... nn le Fr ata eee a le 38

dali» cibo nibioadiat base (cfr figs. 286—33c) u... Poe. en eten nen lee a 27

eee eneamlons (ehafies. 34e AOC) eran li de ani ona, aa be 32

. T3—T6 strongly depressed and flattened dorsally; T2 ventrally without a hump between hind

DIULI ER TEN. RR RE RE TI DA I RE RS ASTE Male. dale HT 28

T3—T6 more or less convex dorsally in transverse section; T2 possessing a hump antero-ven-

ee ERE MIT CORACH. ARC Na SOR AR. SO 29

MEME iteswithout microsculpture sx... aren eeen nde gyge Walker, 1835

Head 2.3 times as broad as long; OOL : POL: LOL = 5: 16: 7; frons transversely coria-

ceous with a clear midline from median ocellus to clypeus; temple as long as diameter of an

eye; occiput weakly and transversely striated. Mesoscutum longitudinally coriaceous; notauli

complete and deep; scutellum moderately convex, just above level of mesoscutum; propleu-

rae with microsculpture in its upper half; mesopleurae striated in their upper arc; propodeum

at sides densely covered with long hairs, carinae well developed. T1 crenulated; basal foveae

of T2 not very deep, possessing striae to half of tergite; rest of tergites smooth, shiny; T3

trapezoidal; T4 tapering gradually, 1.8 as long as broad at base; T5 parallel. Black, shiny spe-

cies. Antennae dark brown, A2 and base of A3 lighter. Legs red, fore legs lighter. Length

female 2.6 mm (figs. 28a—28c).

Remarks. — Platygaster longiventris Thomson 1859 (syn. nov.) proved to be conspecific

with P. gyge. I compared the lectotype of P. gyge with material of P. longiventris, identified

by Huggert. A detailed description of this species is given by Huggert (1973).

Legs dark brown, except distal part of fore legs, which is brownish. T2—T6 with longitudinal

microsculpture, tergites at their joints smooth ...................... attenuata Walker, 1835

Head 2.1 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 5 : 15 : 7; frons smooth, except a fine

microsculpture towards the eyes and around antennal sockets; around ocelli finely coria-

ceous; occiput finely transversely striated. Notauli complete; mesoscutum longitudinally co-

riaceous; scutellum moderately convex, slightly above level of mesoscutum; propodeum at

192 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 9, 1984 (1985)

Bez

0 N

BO Hide

Co D Ti

& :

Cae ge

dea) 2

met in

Figs. 28—32. a, antenna; b, head (dorsal view); c, metasoma (dorsal view); d, metasoma (lateral view). 28a—c,

Platygaster gyge (lectotype); 29a—d, P. attenuata (paralectotype no. 1074 in NMI); 30a—c, P. acristus (lecto-

type); 31a—c, P. munita (lectotype); 32a—d, P. tisias (paralectotype no. 288 in NMI).

i A nei ie à SN ie ce te a a ne nn san

VLuG: Types of Platygastridae 193

sides densely covered with hairs, carinae well developed. T1 with two well defined keels, be-

tween these two moderately deep pits; T2 densely striated to one-third of tergite; metasoma

from middle of second tergite on tapering very gradually, T4 and T5 nearly parallel and T6

sharply pointed; ovipositor of lectotype extruded and as long as abdomen. Black, shiny spe-

cies. Antennae black. Legs blackish brown; fore tibiae apically and tarsi brownish. Length

female 2.4 mm (figs. 29a—29d).

29. Wings clear. T1 with two carinae, in between these smooth; T2 about 1.8 times as long as broad

at its widest, posterior part, the sides nearly parallel.................... acrisius Walker, 1835

A8 and A9 as long as broad; vertex from behind strongly, half-circularly striated. Head 1.8

times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 4: 14 : 6; frons completely irregularly coria-

ceous. Notauli complete; mesoscutum longitudinally coriaceous; scutellum convex, above

mesoscutum; propodeum not particularly hairy, carinae well developed. T1 crenulated, with

two sharp keels, smooth in between; T2 with rather deep basal foveae, striated to half of ter-

gite and between these some striae on tongue-like midlobe; T3—T6 with longitudinal micro-

sculpture; joints of tergites thickened, tergites convex in cross-section. Black, shiny species.

Antennae black. Legs dark brown, all tarsi lighter. Length female 2.4 mm (figs. 30a—30c).

— Wings infuscated. T1 with two or three carinae. T2 1.2 times as long as broad at its widest part,

= rendedanditapenne backwards. 200, ho 2. olet ee een 30

Cl 15 FIDARE WS A O OE munita Walker, 1835

A8 and A9 slightly longer than broad. Vertex with some incomplete carinae. Head 2.4 times

as broad as long; OOL : POL: LOL = 5: 15: 7; lower half of frons weakly transversely

striated, middle of frons smooth and shiny; coriaceous along eyes and around median ocel-

lus; occiput with strong, transverse carinae. Mesoscutum longitudinally coriaceous; notauli

complete; propleurae smooth, shiny, at shoulders weakly coriaceous; scutellum postero-

laterally with shallow, roundish impressions. T1 with two strong carinae, anterior lobe be-

tween these elevated as a transparent brown lamella; T2 with very deep basal foveae, which

are weakly striated to middle of tergite; T4 1.2 times as long as broad at base; T5 1.9 times as

long as broad, linear; T4 and T5 with superficial sculpture; T6 pointed apically. Black, shiny

species. Antennae black. Legs dark brown, all tibiae distally somewhat lighter. Length female

2.0 mm (figs. 31a—31c).

— T3 gradually meert Ci M JES) ESS RER an ESA N 31

31. T1 with two carinae. A8 and A9 slightly shorter than broad (2.8: 3). Head about 1.6 times as

Prut ED ien tt EEEN td PEN TTS, tisias Walker, 1835

OOL : POL: LOL = 5: 14: 6; frons rather smooth; ocellar region coriaceous, occiput

transversely coriaceous. Notauli complete; mesoscutum longitudinally coriaceous; scutellum

moderately convex, slightly above level of mesoscutum; propodeum not densely covered

with long hairs, carinae high. T1 crenulated; basal foveae of T2 deep and striated, striation

continuing to one-third of length; midlobe between basal foveae tongue-like with some

striae; rest of metasoma smooth, joints between tergites thickened. Black, shiny species. An-

tennae dark brown. Wings infuscated. Legs dark brown, fore tibiae apically and all tarsi

lighter. Length female 1.6 mm (figs. 32a—32d).

— TI with three carinae. A8 and A9 clearly longer than broad (4 : 3). Head about 2.3 times as

AE M IP A A ERE chrysippus Walker, 1835

OOL : POL : LOL = 3 : 8 : 3; frons smooth in middle part, striated above antennal sockets,

transversely striate to coriaceous at both sides of the smooth middle part; ocellar region co-

riaceous with strong transverse striation between lateral ocelli; occiput striated. Notauli

complete, midlobe between them coriaceous, posteriorly longitudinally coriaceous; a coria-

194 TijDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 9, 1984 (1985)

Sng 2

(orate pana

33d

35a

35b

34b

36a

38b 3

WET:

Figs. 33—38. a, antenna; b, head (dorsal view); c, metasoma (dorsal view); d, metasoma (lateral view). 33a—d,

Platygaster chrysippus (lectotype); 34a—c, P. oeclus (lectotype); 35a—c, P. gorge (lectotype); 36a—c, P. oebalus

(paralectotype no. 296 in NMI); 37a—c, P. iolas (lectotype); 38a—c, P. demades (authors collection).

Vruc: Types of Platygastridae 195

ceous strip at outer side of notauli, then a smooth area and laterally roughly punctate with

scaly hair-implantations; propleurae coriaceous with hairs in upper one-third; lower two-

thirds smooth with a few hairs; scutellum relatively convex, only slightly above mesoscutum.

T1 crenulated with two carinae; basal foveae of T2 smooth, a short striation on the lobe be-

tween these, rest of tergite smooth; T3—T6 anterior with faint longitudinal sculpture, be-

coming stronger posteriorly. Black, shiny species. Antennae dark brown, distal end of A2

and entire A3 lighter. Wings slightly infuscated. Fore legs brown, femur proximally darker,

tibiae darker in the middle; middle femora for the larger part dark brown to black, distally

lighter, tibiae dark brown, proximally and distally somewhat lighter; hind legs uniformly

brown. Length female 1.9 mm (figs. 33a—33d).

Br emewhatbroaderthan long 2416 „an Aes 0m. ARM daten ola ek: 35

Es om what lonserthan broad, … ‚ur dert dg dal clan anal. 35

33. A3—A5 longer than broad; A3 and A4 connected as usual; A7—A10 flattened................

On En: oeclus Walker, 1835

Head 2.2 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 5 : 15 : 5; frons coriaceous, except

central part which is smooth; transverse striation above and at sides of antennal sockets;

rather strong transverse striation behind ocellar region. Notauli complete and smooth; meso-

scutum longitudinally coriaceous; scutellum moderately convex, just above level of mesoscu-

tum. T1 with two strong carinae; T2 with deep, striated, basal foveae, possessing a broad,

striated tongue in the middle; striation of T2 extending to one-third, rest of tergite as well as

rest of metasoma smooth, except T5 which has a very faint sculpture. Black, shiny species.

Wings slightly infuscated. Antennae dark brown. Legs dark brown, fore tibiae apically and

fore tarsi lighter. Length female 1.8 mm (figs. 34a—34c).

— A3—A5 broader than long; A3 closely and broadly united with A4; A7—A10 notflattened.. 34

34. Legs brownish. Head about 1.9 times as broad as long................... gorge Walker, 1835

OOL : POL : LOL = 5 : 13 : 6; frons faintly coriaceous, ocellar region coriaceous, behind

median ocellus and on occiput transversely striated. Notauli complete, midlobe between

them longitudinally coriaceous and implantations of hairs scaly; partly smooth at sides of no-

tauli; scutellum convex, posterior part nearly vertically sloping towards propodeum; propo-

deum with high carinae, their flat surface with sculpture. T1 crenulated with two clear cari-

nae; T2 with deep basal foveae, tongue in between slightly prominent with a few striae; some

striae in basal foveae extending to one-third of tergite, rest of T2 smooth; T3—T6 smooth.

Black, shiny species. Antennae dark brown, except distal part of A2 and proximal part of A3

which are lighter. Legs brown, all femora and tibiae of hind legs darker, all last tarsal seg-

ments dark. Length female 1.5 mm (figs. 35a—35c).

— Legs black. Head about 2.3 times as broad as long ..................... oebalus Walker, 1835

OOL : POL: LOL = 4: 14 : 5; frons with a weak midline, at sides of this line faintly fan-

like striated, above antennal sockets more strongly transversely striated and upper part of

frons and ocellar region irregularly coriaceous (this character is variable; the lectotype has a

rather coarse frons and the midline is less distinct); occiput coriaceous and vertex roughly

and transversely striated. Notauli complete; mesoscutum entirely longitudinally coriaceous;

scutellum convex, above level of mesoscutum, more gradually sloping towards propodeum as

in P. gorge; propodeal carinae strong and high. T1 roughly crenulated, with two clear cari-

nae; striated basal foveae of T2 possessing a striated tongue, striation of both extending to

one-third of tergite and rest of T2 smooth; T3 smooth; T4 and T5 very faintly sculptured; T6

smooth (in some specimens, e.g. the lectotype, there is a tendency to fusion of T5 and T6).

Black, shiny species. Antennae black. Legs black. T6 somewhat lighter than rest of tergites.

Length female 1.8 mm (figs. 36a—36c).

196 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 9, 1984 (1985)

Zora beathetsmoöthuitestel. Wis per: doe a cat: ie be abe saio. iolas Walker, 1835

Head 2.4 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 4: 11: 7; frons apparently smooth

but with an impressed line from median ocellus to clypeus and at sides of this line very finely

fan-like striated; ocellar region and occiput strongly transversely striated. Notauli incom-

plete, but evident in posterior part of mesoscutum; mesoscutum smooth, except for the scale-

like implantations of hairs; scutellum moderately convex, just above level of mesoscutum;

propodeum very short, strip-like in the middle and hidden under scutellum. T1 crenulated in

anterior half, posterior half rather smooth; T2 with deep, bare and striated basal foveae; mid-

lobe with a few striae, foveae with striae reaching half the length of tergite, remainder

smooth; rest of metasoma smooth, except T5 which has some very faint longitudinal rugosi-

ty. Black, shiny species. Antennae black. Legs blackish brown, fore tarsi somewhat lighter. M

Length female 1.3 mm (figs. 37a—37c).

ET Isninsenlptier,. Lire ne ee 36

DOPING SOLA croc Rare aces o RI a Te NE a demades Walker, 1835

Head 2.0 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 6: 13 : 6; frons with a clear midline

from median ocellus to clypeus, at both sides with a moderately strong fan-like striation;

ocellar region and occiput transversely striated. Notauli incomplete, forming posteriorly a

midlobe which reaches the scutellum; midlobe more or less elevated above latero-posterior

parts of mesoscutum; these latero-posterior parts depressed and provided with long hairs;

mesoscutum rugose-coriaceous; scutellum strongly convex, above level of mesoscutum; pro-

pleurae finely longitudinally coriaceous; propodeum with very short and high carinae. T1

strongly crenulated; T2 with bare basal foveae, area in between not conspicuously tongue-

like; striation on T2 over whole width, extending to half of tergite; T3 smooth, with a trans-

verse line of deeply implanted hairs which is interrupted in the middle; T4 smooth with two

irregular transverse lines of deeply implanted hairs; T5 for the most part longitudinally ru-

gose with some hairs, smooth at extreme anterior and posterior borders; T6 smooth with a

few scattered hairs. Antennae black. All femora black; fore tibiae and tarsi reddish brown;

middle and hind tibiae dark brown, tarsi lighter. Length of female 1.6 mm (figs. 38a—38c).

Remarks. — This species is frequently reared from various gallmidge hosts and is especial-

ly known as an important parasite of Dasineura mali Kieffer on apple.

— Wings mbiscatedio1slenga VE Sem sare ges be wok er ur AEN ee 37

37. Head, mesoscutum and scutellum densely covered with long hairs ......... orcus Walker, 1835

Antennae less slender than in P. pelias; head 2.1 times as broad as long; OOL : POL :

LOL = 5 : 15 : 6; frons rather smooth, its upper half finely fan-like coriaceous; ocellar re-

gion and occiput strongly transversely striated. Notauli incomplete; mesoscutum densely

haired, hair-implantations scale-like; structure of midlobe between notauli as in P. demades;

scutellum strongly convex, densely hairy, especially at sides; propleurae smooth with very

fine sculpture. T1 entirely crenulated; T2 with deep basal foveae; striation of T2 over whole

width of tergite and extending over half of tergite; T3 and T4 smooth with a few deeply im-

planted hairs; T5 as in P. demades; T6 smooth. Black, shiny species. Antennae black, A2 api-

cally lighter. Legs blackish brown, tarsi somewhat lighter. Length female 1.6 mm (figs. 39a—

39c).

= Scutellumsparsel bay. de: LE Hai bos amo étain ala pelias Walker, 1835

Antennae slender; head 2.1 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 5 : 12 : 5; frons

smooth, very finely alutaceous; ocellar region transversely striated. Notauli incomplete;

mesoscutum as in P. orcus; propleurae finely coriaceous; scutellum strongly convex, sparsely

hairy. T1 crenulated, the two carinae conspicuous; T2 with deep, striated basal foveae, with-

VLUG: Types of Platygastridae 197

essen 40a

| 39a

40b

Figs. 39— 44. a, antenna; b, head (dorsal view); c, metasoma (dorsal view). 39a—c, Platygaster orcus (lecto-

type); 40a—c, P. pelias (lectotype); 41a—c, P. nisus (lectotype); 42a—c, P. manto (paralectotype no. 1154 in

NMI); 43a—c, P. pedasus (lectotype); 44a—c, P. oscus (lectotype).

198

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 9, 1984 (1985)

out striation on midlobe in between; striation of T2 extending to half of tergite; T3 and T4

with a few hairs, not particularly deeply implanted; T5 as in P. demades; T6 smooth. Black,

shiny species. Antennae black, A2 somewhat lighter. Fore legs dark brown, tibiae proximally

and apically and tarsi lighter; middle and hind legs black, tarsi somewhat lighter. Length fe-

male 1.4 mm (figs. 40a—40c).

Remarks. — I have reared series of P. pelias from Lasioptera rubi Heeg. on Rubus sp. col-

lected in Bitsche, France, the type locality of Platygaster ruborum Kieffer, 1916 (sensu Hug-

gert, 1973). P. pelias is identical with P. ruborum (syn. nov.). P. demades, P. orcus and P.

pelias are strikingly similar but differ from each other by characters mentioned in the key and

by different measurements. The similarity may eventually result in synonymy after detailed

study of long series of reared material. Different hosts may affect the size and other charac-

ters of specimens. Until further study has been undertaken, I prefer to maintain these three

taxa.

384 Notauliabsent or only evident at their extreme posterionpart A PF EEn 39

== ANotulicompleteornearly so ke, ene oenen en NN 41

39. Light coloured species with partially yellow antennae and yellowish legs. Mesocutum smooth...

MA Abe IES AAR TE AN WIEN SER SR RAR art AR CAR A RI Se ROR nisus Walker, 1835

Head 1.8 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 5 : 9 : 5; frons nearly smooth; ocellar

region transversely alutaceous; occiput transversely striated. Notauli indicated posteriorly,

possessing a midlobe which covers base of scutellum; mesoscutum nearly bare, except poste-

rior part which is provided with long hairs, covering groove between mesoscutum and scu-

tellum; scutellum ovoid, smooth, laterally with some hairs; propodeal carinae high and rela-

tively long, somewhat diverging. T1 crenulated; T2 with smooth basal foveae, its midlobe

smooth as well as rest of metasoma. Brown, shiny species, head darker. Antennae yellowish,

5-segmented club darker. Legs yellowish, last tarsal segments darker. Length female 0.9 mm

(figs. 41a—41c).

Remarks. — The brownish colour may be artificial. In my collection I have a female (“Ire-

land, Calory Lower, c.o. Wicklow. Irish Grid Reference 0.234119. 12-7-1983, leg. Vlug”)

which is perfectly black, except T1 which is somewhat brownish (Irish specimens tend to be

darker than usual; Graham, pers. comm). In my Irish specimen the prolongation of the cen-

tral mesoscutal part is less prolonged than in the lectotype.

— Dark brown or black species with dark legs and antennae and with at least microsculpture on

OOL : POL : LOL = 6: 9: 4; frons smooth; ocellar region with faint sculpture; occiput

and vertex transversely striated. Notauli very faintly indicated in their posterior part, mid-

lobe between notauli just reaching the somewhat protruded scutellum; mesoscutum nearly

smooth, anterior part with superficial sculpture; scutellum moderately convex, smooth; pro-

podeal carinae not particularly high, somewhat diverging. T1 crenulated; T2 with striated

basal foveae, midlobe with some short striae; striation of T2 not exceeding one-third of ter-

gite, rest smooth; T3—T6 smooth with some fine hairs. Black, shiny species. Antennae dark

brown, scape apically, and A2—A3 lighter. Legs dark brown, all tibiae proximally lighter

and all tarsi, except the last segments, light brown. Length female (PLT) 1.0 mm (figs. 42a—

42c). |

— Head about 1.7 times as broad as long, broadly rounded behind eyes ..... pedasus Walker, 1835

OOL : POL: LOL = 5: 9: 4; frons finely fan-like alutaceous; occiput with some short

transverse striae; occipital region finely coriaceous. Notauli evident in posterior half, oblique

and fading in anterior half; midlobe between notauli not quite reaching scutellum; mesoscu-

tum smoothly coriaceous; scutellum moderately convex, smooth; propodeal carinae not par-

Vruc: Types of Platygastridae 199

ticularly high and long. T1 crenulated; T2 with a broad central lobe, straight and smooth in

its anterior part; basal foveae of T2 deep and striated to half of tergite, rest of tergite smooth;

T3 and T4 smooth with a few hairs; T5 with a narrow transverse strip of fine rugosity in

front of a complete row of deeply implanted hairs; T6 rather smooth with some hairs. Black,

shiny species. Antennae brown. All femora brown, all tibiae light brown, all tarsi yellowish

except last tarsal segments which are darker. Length female 1.5 mm (figs. 43a—43c).

GP SOON Wotte LOT MNN EEL 42

esin onlessstriatedss. 0 Ponsen a tan ee REG OR 44

42. Frons nearly smooth with some superficial striation …… oscus Walker, 1835

Head 1.7 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 6 : 13 : 6; ocellar area irregularly

coriaceous; occiput strongly transversely striated. Notauli nearly complete; mesoscutum co-

riaceous; central lobe between notauli rounded posteriorly and just covering base of scutel-

lum; scutellum moderately convex, rather densely haired, especially laterally; propodeal cari-

nae Beh T1 with two well defined carinae; T2 with broad, rather deep and smooth basal

foveae, tongue between foveae relatively narrow and smooth; rest of tergite smooth with

some fine hairs. Black, shiny species. Antennae dark brown, scape brown and A2—A6 light-

er. Legs overall light brown, last tarsal segments darker. Length female 1.5 mm (figs. 44a—

44c).

— Frons striated or with somewhat coarse sculpture above antennal sockets ................. 43

43. Frons striated fan-like with transverse striae above antennal sockets ....... aegeus Walker, 1835

Head 2.3 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 6: 20 : 8; ocellar region and occiput

strongly transversely striated. Notauli deep and nearly complete; mesoscutum for the larger

part smooth, anterior part, lateral borders and to some extent along notauli, rugose; midlobe

between notauli extending as a broad, nearly straight ending plate over base of scutellum;

scutellum moderately convex, roundish, excavated latero-posteriorly; postscutellum clearly

visible as a brown lamella; propodeal carinae high, rather long, and wide apart, area in be-

tween smooth; lateral parts of propodeum long and densely haired. T1 relatively long with

two well defined carinae, area between with two deep pits; T2 with deep and smooth basal

foveae, rest of tergite smooth, except hind border which is finely punctate; rest of metasoma

finely punctate. Black, shiny species. Antennae dark brown, A2—A3 somewhat lighter. All

femora dark brown, all tibiae and tarsi yellowish brown. Length female 2.0 mm (figs. 45a—

45c).

— Frons finely fan-like alutaceous-coriaceous; lower half of frons transversely rugose............

EE Eben ae tee SARA ERE RISI oe er nad PY lite minthe Walker, 1835

Head 2.0 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 7: 15 : 5; ocellar region irregularly

coriaceous; occiput transversely striated. Notauli nearly complete; mesoscutum for the larger

part superficially coriaceous; posterior part of midlobe between notauli smooth, this lobe

broadly rounded posteriorly and reaching base of scutellum; scutellum convex, smooth and

laterally with some hairs; propodeal carinae strong and high. T1 relatively long with two lon-

gitudinal carinae and a crenulated strip over the whole width; anterior part of T1 appearing

as an elevated ridge; T2 with deep, broad and smooth basal foveae; tongue between these

foveae rather narrow and smooth, rest of T2 smooth; T3—T6 nearly smooth, very finely

punctured in posterior part and provided with deeply implanted hairs. Black, shiny species.

Antennae black, A2 apically and A3 proximally lighter. All femora brown, proximally light-

er; fore tibiae and tarsi yellowish; middle and hind tibiae light brown with dark apical part;

middle and hind tarsi yellowish. Length female 1.7 mm (figs. 46a—46c).

A sughtly.or distinctly longer than broad ........ 6. …… ar 1.444... Mint 45

Te ea idictincely broader than longe titanio NN bee ce I 46

200 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 9, 1984 (1985)

Figs. 45—50. a, antenna; b, head (dorsal view); c, metasoma (dorsal view). 45a—c, Platygaster aegeus (lecto-

type); 46a—c, P. minthe (lectotype); 47a—c, P. ennius (lectotype); 48a—c, P. sagana (paralectotype no. 396 in

NMI); 49a—c, P. philinna (lectotype); 50a—c, P. eriphyle (lectotype).

Vruc: Types of Platygastridae 201

45. Antennae slender, all segments distinctly longer than broad; A2—A5 yellowish ...............

ER IE Mere luie Salon ennius Walker, 1835

Head 2.2 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 6 : 12 : 6; frons with superficial fan-

like striation, weak transverse striation above antennal sockets; ocellar region and occiput

transversely striated. Notauli nearly complete, rather vague anteriorly; mesoscutum rather

smooth, its anterior one-third, lateral margins and along notauli coriaceous; midlobe between

notauli rounded posteriorly and not quite reaching scutellum, elevated between depressed

lateral and hairy parts of mesoscutum; scutellum smooth, laterally haired, convex; propodeal

carinae not particularly high. T1 entirely crenulated; T2 with narrow, striated basal foveae,

its midlobe relatively broad and striated in its anterior part; striation of T2 extending to one-

third of tergite, rest smooth; T3—T6 smooth, with single rows of deeply implanted hairs.

Black, shiny species. Antennae brown, A2—AS lighter. All femora dark brown; all tibiae and

tarsi lighter, last tarsal segments darker. Length female 1.3 mm (figs. 47a—47c).

— Antennae not particularly slender; A8 and A9 slightly longer than broad; antennae entirely

e A.) 20 Stern Bt QU Bun tar LL nor Teaser sagana Walker, 1835

Head 1.9 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 4 : 11 : 4; frons faintly alutaceous to

coriaceous; ocellar region transversely coriaceous; occiput transversely reticulate to coria-

ceous. Notauli complete; mesoscutum longitudinally coriaceous; midlobe between notauli

slightly prolonged, narrowly rounded and not quite reaching scutellum; scutellum moder-

ately convex, coriaceous and bare; propodeal carinae well defined. T1 crenulate, with two

carinae; T2 with superficially striated basal foveae, midlobe in between these rounded and

smooth; striation not extending one-third of tergite; T3—T6 smooth with some very fine

hairs. Black, shiny species. Wings infuscated. Antennae blackish brown. Legs dark brown,

fore legs with lighter markings. Length female 1.1 mm (figs. 48a—48c).

46. Frons roughly and strongly coriaceous. Striation of T2 extending over half of tergite...........

MOE Aa Tilt SIMI! OE AR fh MRO tee rn Min en philinna Walker, 1835

Head 1.4 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 7: 18 : 8; ocellar region coriaceous

to rugose; occiput strongly transversely striated. Notauli complete and strong; mesoscutum

longitudinally coriaceous, anterior part with two smooth longitudinal strips; midlobe be-

tween notauli not particularly extended, rather pointed and not reaching scutellum; scutel-

lum moderately convex, coriaceous; propodeal carinae strong and wide apart. T1 with two

carinae, crenulate in between and outside these carinae; T2 with broad basal foveae, lobe be-

tween these relatively narrow and straight in front; entire width of tergite closely striated,

extending over half of tergite; T3—T5 smooth with some deeply implanted hairs laterally; T6

with transverse rugose strip. Black, shiny species. Antennae black. Legs dark brown, fore

legs lighter. Length female 2.2 mm (figs. 49a—49c).

— Frons nearly smooth; some transverse wrinkles above antennal sockets. Striation on T2 not

EERS FETTE) BI RE. Na Sy dello eriphyle Walker, 1835

Head 2.0 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 6: 15 : 5; ocellar region and vertex

weakly transversely striate, occiput transversely rugose. Notauli complete; mesoscutum lon-

gitudinally coriaceous; midlobe between notauli pointed but not reaching scutellum; scutel-

lum moderately convex, coriaceous, with some hairs laterally; propodeal carinae strong. T1

crenulated with two moderately strong carinae; T2 with deep, striated, basal foveae, moder-

ately striated on lobe in between foveae; striae not extending to half of tergite, rest smooth;

T3—T6 smooth with some very fine hairs. Black, shiny species. Antennae blackish brown.

Legs dark brown, tarsi somewhat lighter. Length female 1.5 mm (figs. 50a—50c).

47. T1 not crenulated but with two or three longitudinal carinae; areain between smooth....... 48

202 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 9, 1984 (1985)

— Ti crenulated, carinae not prominent and evident between crenulae ...................... 50

48. Occipital carina incomplete but evident, adjoined by a few transverse striae...................

TE AAN OR IN AAT I, bucolion Walker, 1835

Head 2.3 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 5 : 12 : 5; frons coriaceous, less so in

the middle; some transverse wrinkles above antennal sockets; ocellar region and occiput co-

riaceous with a clear carina and some adjoining striae. Notauli complete; mesoscutum longi-

tudinally coriaceous; midlobe between notauli slightly prominent, somewhat upcurved api-

cally with a median, short apical carina; scutellum moderately convex, just above level of

mesoscutum; propodeal carinae strong, with flattened surface; carinae parallel and slightly

longer than gap between them. T1 with three longitudinal carinae, areas between them

smooth and lateral of carinae crenulated with some hairs; T2 with moderately deep basal fo-

veae, these sparsely hairy and not particularly striated; midlobe between basal foveae broad,

with some striae; rest of tergites smooth. Black, shiny species. Antennae dark brown,

scape and A2 proximally lighter. Legs brown, fore legs lighter, all tarsi reddish yellow except

the dark apical segments. Length male 1.5 mm (figs. 51a—51c).

Remarks. — Platygaster bucolion may very well be the male of P. munita. Rearing results

may elucidate this problem.

ANoocaipitalearimas occiputmorslightlysstriated)s. ua SE EL SR 49

498 Eronsismooth.ıMetaspmasshonta,, Maene ereen MEE deipyla Walker, 1835

Head 1.8 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 6: 11 : 5; ocellar region weak trans-

versely coriaceous, occiput transversely coriaceous to striated. Notauli complete; mesoscu-

tum coriaceous anteriorly, in the middle and posteriorly weakly longitudinally coriaceous;

lateral lobes of mesoscutum partly smooth; scutellum slightly convex, weakly coriaceous;

propodeal carinae long and high. T1 with two carinae, in between these smooth, laterally

somewhat crenulated; T2 with moderately deep basal foveae, which are striated to one-third

of tergite, rest of tergite smooth; T3—T7 smooth. Black, shiny species. Antennae brown.

Wings infuscated. Legs preponderantly brown, coxae and femora darker, fore legs somewhat

lighter. Length male 1.2 mm (figs. 52a—52c).

Remarks. — Platygaster deipyla seems to be conspecific with P. plotina. There are slight

differences in the measurements of the head (in P. plotina 1.7 times as broad as long and

OOL : POL : LOL = 5: 13 : 6) and in the form of the metasoma. The metasoma in the lec-

totype of P. deipyla, however, is not fully extracted. The colour of the antennae in P. plotina

is blackish (for P. plotina, see figs. 57a—57c). The female of P. tisias might well be conspecif-

ic with both P. deipyla and P. plotina. Reared series of these species may elucidate the ques-

tion of their synonymy.

— Frons coriaceous, except central part which is smooth; transverse wrinkles above antennal

sockets. Metasoma lone, … bs 2.4.20. ee Bee CERTA evadne Walker, 1835

Head 1.8 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 4 : 15 : 6; ocellar region coriaceous;

occiput transversely striated. Notauli complete; mesoscutum coriaceous, posterior part lon-

gitudinally coriaceous; scutellum moderately convex, coriaceous; propodeal carinae strong,

long and diverging. T1 with two strong keels, with a short median keel between them, lateral

parts at a lower level; T2 with deep, superficially striated basal foveae, midlobe with some

striae; striation of T2 to one-third of tergite, rest smooth; rest of metasoma appearing

smooth, however, with high magnification some fine coriaceous sculpture becomes visible.

Black, shiny species. Antennae blackish brown. Legs blackish brown, tarsi somewhat lighter.

Length male 1.6 mm (figs. 53a—53c).

Remarks. — Platygaster evadne represents the male of P. attenuata. I select here the name

P. attenuata with P. evadne as synonym (syn. nov.). The male, with its remarkable long

metasoma which is curved down apically, seems to be a typical example of the male sex of the

“attenuata group”.

VLUG: Types of Platygastridae 203

e a 0a

51C 5 N AT

| 53b

94a

N A

A Le)

\__/53c

\ m) DOC

a \) i

99b

94C

9383

— Sr

() 8 57a

N 56b Se

= DES

PC 7 fC 57b

Figs. 51—57. à, antenna; b. head (dorsal view); c, metasoma (dorsal view). 5la—c, Platygaster bucolion (lecto-

type); 52a—c, P. deipyla (lectotype); 53a—c, P. evadne (paralectotype no. 344 in NMI); 54a—c, P. zosine (lec-

totype); 55a—c, P. abisares (lectotype); 56a—c, P. cleodaeus (lectotype); 57a—c, P. plotina (lectotype); 58, male

antenna of P. manto (lectotype).

204

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 9, 1984 (1985)

50. Occipital carina present and complete, anteriorly joined by some transverse carinae

DEE EN, er De ee N ie tn SUR Eee AR zosine Walker, 1835

Head 2.5 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 5 : 13 : 4; frons with very weak, fan-

like striation, nearly smooth. Notauli incomplete; mesoscutum nearly smooth, hair implanta-

tions scaly; scutellum convex with scattered hairs; propodeal carinae short and high. T1

strongly crenulated; T2 with deep basal foveae which are striated, striation extending to half

of tergite; lobe between basal foveae of T2 with some short striae; rest of metasoma smooth,

T3—T6 with some deeply implanted hairs. Black, shiny species. Antennae black. Wings

slightly infuscated. Legs black, fore tibiae and fore tarsi brownish. Length male 1.3 mm (figs.

54a—54c).

— Occipital carina wanting (or not evident between striae; in this case striae rather strong); occi-

putvery weakly transversely: stmateds: ment el. SAE OT 51

51. Frons with very fine fan-like alutaceous sculpture, nearly smooth; occiput with some short, su-

periicralisiriaera lenza tt. age en Le LS re IRRE NN abisares Walker, 1835

Head 2.0 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 6 : 13 : 6. Notauli incomplete; meso-

scutum with very fine coriaceous sculpture; scutellum moderately convex, nearly smooth;

propodeum with well defined carinae. T1 rather strongly crenulated; T2 with short, smooth,

basal foveae, sometimes superficially striated; midlobe between basal foveae of T2 with

coarse sculpture at its extreme base, rest of tergite smooth (in the case of superficial striae,

these extending to one-third of tergite); rest of tergites smooth, with a few, superficially im-

planted hairs. Black, shiny species. Antennae dark brown. Fore femora distally, fore tibiae

apically and tarsal segments light brown; middle and hind legs dark brown, their tibiae api-

cally and distally and their tarsal segments light brown. Length male 1.3 mm (figs. 55a—55c).

Remarks. — There is no reason to treat P. abisares and P. cleodaeus Walker, 1835, as sepa-

rate species. The antennae and legs in P. cleodaeus are somewhat lighter and the mea-

surements slightly different (for P. cleodaeus, see figs. 55a—55c). I select here the species

name P. abisares with P. cleodaeus as synonym (syn. nov.).

— Props smooth, vertexandioccpugstmated ie LO IRE eerie an e O manto Walker, 1835

Head 2.0 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 4 : 10 : 4. Notauli only clear in their

posterior half; mesoscutum rather smooth with some fine hairs; scutellum moderately con-

vex, just above level of mesoscutum; propodeum with short, but strong carinae. T2 with

short basal foveae and with a few weak longitudinal striae, rest of tergite smooth; T3—T7

smooth. Black, shiny species. Antennae entirely dark brown. Fore legs dark brown, femora

apically, fore tibiae with thickened apical part and tarsi lighter; middle and hind legs dark

brown, joints between femora and tibiae somewhat lighter. Length male 0.9 mm (fig. 58).

Synopeas Foerster

1. Oceiput withwtrone- carina Murge AEM REAL Sande e Ree RENE RER 2

— Occiputwithout or witha weak, Sherticannal 2 Spee ee RS, ee 4

2. Scutellamswithrashortyspine=liketuberclen nm Sera a ee larides (Walker, 1835)

Head 1.7 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 3: 16: 7; temples strongly narrowed

behind eyes; head entirely pustulated. Mesoscutum pustulated; notauli indicated posteriorly,

central lobe in between them ending in a small transparent projection; scutellum with an S-

formed, brown transparent lamella from top of scutellar tubercle downwards; propodeum

short, carinae fused and protruding backwards. Junction of T1 and T2 thickly haired dorso-

laterally; tergites smooth, at their extreme end with microsculpture. All tibiae, especially fore

tibiae strongly clubbed, their proximal part being very slender. Black species. Antennae dark

brown, scape lighter. Fore legs dirty red; middle and hind legs brown, tibiae proximally red

and tarsi red. Length of male 1.2 mm (figs. 59a—59d).

VLUG: Types of Platygastridae 205

eee temtemed witha distinct spine. cl. 20 me mil. San 3

3. Head entirely pustulated. Notauli absent; scutellum with a long, strong spine.................

ee ne su sue sen M trebius (Walker, 1835)

Head 2.3 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 2 : 17 : 7; temples strongly narrowed

behind eyes; mesoscutum pustulated; central lobe between hypothetical notauli extended in-

to a rounded plate which covers base of scutellum; propodeum long, carinae long and fused.

Junction of T1 and T2 with three strong dorsal carinae; tergites smoothly shiny, posteriorly

with fine microsculpture. Black species. Antennae black; scape reddish, A2 and A3 darker.

Fore and middle legs entirely red; hind legs red, except femora and tibiae which are distally

black. Length male 1.2 mm (figs. 60a—60d).

— Head entirely reticulate coriaceous. Notauli present in their posterior half. Scutellum with a

BREMER ESCH SUG sn a Jen net. ONES FN REE en jet velutinus (Walker, 1835)

Head 2.0 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 2 : 15 : 8; temples strongly narrowed

behind eyes. Mesoscutum for the larger part rather faintly reticulate coriaceous; notauli-indi-

cated only posteriorly; midlobe between notauli prolonged into a brown, transparent plate

which covers base of scutellum; scutellum, seen laterally, not particularly convex and ending

in a short, strong spine which has a lamella underneath; propodeal carinae strong and fused,

prolongated posteriorly and nearly reaching base of T1; lateral areas of propodeum with long

hairs in the postero-lateral triangle. T1 and base of T2 thickly haired, except in the middle;

extreme hind border of T2 and T3-T6 with fine microsculpture. Black, shiny species. Anten-

nae yellowish red, scape distally somewhat darker and A7—A10 dark brown. Legs prepon-

derantly reddish yellow, middle and hind femora somewhat darker. Length female 1.1 mm

(figs. 61a—61d).

EEE BORE, OS eee e Gi tie ath een elec late 5

En ebsengoronly.posteriorly indicated 4/025). 12... hu an Le 6

Ee? 2 times as broad as long. i. ini tone. Din. jasius (Walker, 1835)

OOL : POL : LOL = 6: 15 : 6; head enurely finely coriaceous, rather dull. Mesoscutum

longitudinally coriaceous; midlobe between notauli continuing as a keel over scutellum and

forming the spine; scutellum strongly triangular; propodeal carinae strong, separated more

or less in their anterior part and fused posteriorly. Junction of T1 and T2 densely haired dor-

so-laterally, T1 with a hollow area in the middle; T2 smooth, at its extreme end with fine

microsculpture; T3—T6 with microsculpture; metasoma as long as mesosoma, broader than

high. Black species. Antennae black, scape proximally lighter. Legs brown; fore tibiae and

tarsi red; middle tibiae proximally, and tarsi red. Length female 1.4 mm (figs. 62a—62e).

Remarks. — Synopeas jasius was often collected by Huggert and Vlug on freshly cut

stumps of Quercus robur L., Quercus sp., Fraxinus and Acer in Sweden, The Netherlands and

Yugoslavia (Huggert, 1980); I observed this species in Reading, Great Britain, in September

1978, ovipositing in a freshly cut stump of (?) Fraxinus. In my collection I have also a female

from Hungary (leg. Gijswijt). i

fini bone 18 times as broad as long: 1.24. TR craterus (Walker, 1835)

OOL : POL: LOL = 7: 14 : 6; head completely reticulate coriaceous. Mesoscutum longi-

tudinally coriaceous; midlobe between notauli touching scutellum but not continued as a

keel; scutellum protruding anteriorly, armed posteriorly with a short spine; propodeal cari-

nae fused, its top divided in two overhanging membraneous strips which are curved down

apically. Metasoma 2.3 times as long as mesosoma, T2 at its widest point about as wide as

high; T1 haired dorso-laterally, these hairs not extending to T2; T2 completely smooth; T3—

T6 with microsculpture. Black species. Antennae entirely dark brown. Legs reddish brown,

femora darker. Length female 2.0 mm (figs. 63a—63e).

206 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 9, 1984 (1985)

Figs. 59—63. a, antenna; b, head (dorsal view); c. scutellum (lateral view); d, metasoma (dorsal view); e, meta-

soma (lateral view). 59a—d, Synopeas larides (paralectotype no. 211 in NMI); 60a—d, S. trebius (lectotype);

61a—d, S. velutinus (lectotype); 62a—e, S. jasius (lectotype); 63a—e, S. craterus (paralectotype no. 185 in NMI).

—

Vruc: Types of Platygastridae 207

Remarks. — Synopeas mamertes Kieffer, 1926, (syn. nov.) is conspecific with S. craterus

(Walker). (See figs. 64a—64e).

Ennes as broad as long... 6... cc hee es ee eee ee eee ee tee abaris (Walker, 1835)

OOL : POL : LOL = 3: 18 : 5; A4 conspicuously widened; head coriaceous. Mesoscutum

longitudinally coriaceous; midlobe between notauli not prolonged and not touching scutel-

lum; scutellum triangular with a short spine; keels of propodeum fused and in lateral view

straight. Junction of T1 and T2 densely haired; T2 smooth, except for some superficial mi-

crosculpture posteriorly; T3—T7 with microsculpture, T6 with a distinct transverse row of

hairs. Black species. Antennae bright red, A6—A10 dark brown. Legs dark brown, fore fem-

ora and tibiae and middle tarsi lighter. Length male 1.2 mm (figs. 65a—65d).

6. Scape apically moderately to strongly sinuate, without transparent lamella. T2 not ventrally re-

DEEE reta GE EEE 7

— Scape not sinuate, on its lower arc with transparent lamella. T2 ventrally recessed........... 12

7. Scutellar line continuous with line of mesoscutum (no levelled gap present, cf. figs. 66c—69c) . 8

— Midlobe of mesoscutum prolonged as a smooth, roundish plate, clearly situated above level of

basebiscutelhim (levelled gapipresent, cf. figs. 70c-710)\ 000. Rekenen de en 11

8. Head about 1.6 times as broad as broadest part of mesosoma; mesosoma more or less com-

TI REL IA EON EE AEN myles (Walker, 1835)

Head 1.9 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 2: 14: 6; head weakly pustulated

with fine transverse microsculpture above antennal sockets. Mesoscutum with very fine alu-

taceous sculpture, anteriorly more roughly sculptured; notauli indicated at their extreme

posterior part, their midlobe ending in a small roundish plate which covers base of scutellum;

mesoscutum 1.5 times as long as at broadest part; scutellum smooth, laterally haired; spine of

scutellum of moderate length; propodeal carinae fused, only the top surface divided; lateral

areas of propodeum hairy, more densely in their postero-lateral part. Junction of T1 and T2

thickly haired; T2 smooth; T3—T6 with fine microsculpture. Black, shiny species. Antennae

brown, scape proximally lighter and A7—A10 darker. Fore femora brown, tibiae reddish and

tarsi yellow; middle femora brown, tibiae proximally yellowish red and distally brown, tarsi

yellowish red; hind femora brown, tibiae brown, proximally lighter and tarsi brownish.

Length female 1.2 mm (figs. 66a—66e).

Remarks. — Synopeas myles is here considered a Synopeas although it shares some charac-

ters with Piestopleura. At first sight it looks like a Prestopleura, having the somewhat com-

pressed mesosoma.

— Head not much broader than mesosoma; mesosoma not compressed like former species...... D

ade eatınae long and straipht.....:...........!... 1... 1... sosis (Walker, 1835)

Head 2.5 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 2: 15 : 4; frons transversely coria-

ceous; occipital carina hardly visible. Mesoscutum rather smoothly coriaceous, notauli absent

but indicated by longitudinal coriaceous lines; midlobe between hypothetical notauli ending

in a smooth, small hump which is membraneous and just covering base of scutellum; scutel-

lum rather convex, smooth in its middle and haired at sides, provided apically with a short

spiny lamella; propodeal carinae fused, straight and long. Junction of T1 and T2 haired, ex-

cept for a narrow, bare gap in the middle; T2 smooth; T3—T6 smooth, each tergite with a

narrow strip of microsculpture; T7 very small and smooth. Black, shiny species. Antennae

dark brown, scape red. Fore legs red, tarsi yellow with last tarsal segment brownish; middle

legs brownish, tibiae proximally yellowish, tarsi yellow, last tarsal segment darker; hind legs

as middle legs, but overall slightly darker. Length male 1.2 mm (figs. 67a—67e).

208 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 9, 1984 (1985)

64e

Figs. 64—67. a, antenna; b, head (dorsal view); c, scutellum (lateral view); d, metasoma (dorsal view); e, meta-

soma (lateral view). 64a—e, Synopeas mamertes (lectotype); 65a—d, S. abaris (paralectotype no. 197 in NMI);

66a—e, S. myles (lectotype); 67a—e, S. sosis (lectotype).

VLuG: Types of Platygastridae 209

— Propodeal carinae short, fused and rounded, in lateral view more or less brown transparent in

EEEN AOP SAN A ak henra hee beat eta. 10

NME dAbout1:6 times as broad as longe. «0. on. oe. zen oane taten en euryale (Walker, 1835)

OOL : POL : LOL = 4 : 17 : 7; frons completely finely coriaceous; occipital carina present

but weak and interrupted in the middle; vertex and occiput sculptured like frons. Mesoscu-

tum coriaceous, its midlobe ending in a small pointed plate, reaching scutellum; scuto-scutel-

lar grooves broadly triangular; scutellum in lateral view not particularly convex, in the mid-

dle elevated; this elevation continuing as a broad carina, sloping downwards to propodeal

carinae; propodeal carinae strongly curved and fused. Junction of T1 and T2 thickly haired

laterally; T2 smooth; T3—T5 with a single row of hairs and with microsculpture; T6 triangu-

lar with microsculpture. Black, shiny species. Antennae yellowish red, club dark brown.

Fore legs yellowish, femora darker; middle legs reddish, tibiae lighter and tarsi yellowish;

hind legs brown, tibiae proximally lighter, tarsi yellowish. Length female 1.4 mm (figs. 68a—

68d).

Elena? 1 times asibroad-as long: Yor „an ann. 202. ereen ua hyllus (Walker, 1835)

OOL : POL: LOL = 5: 16: 8; head weakly coriaceous with some fine transverse wrinkles

above antennal sockets. Mesoscutum finely coriaceous, midlobe prolonged as a smooth,

roundish hump, covering base of scutellum; scutellum smooth anteriorly, base below level of

mesoscutum; rest of scutellum with rough sculpture, without spine, posteriorly with a short

vertical lamella; propodeum very short, not well visible from above. Metasoma compressed,

1.3 times as high as broad and 1.8 times as long as mesosoma; sternites strongly elevated;

junction of T1 and T2 densely covered with long greyish hairs, bare in the middle; T2

smooth, T3—T6 with microsculpture. Black species. Antennae entirely black. Legs black;

fore tibiae apically and fore tarsi reddish. Length female 1.6 mm (figs. 69a—69e).

mena darkibrown.. teit atd Loos ia uses en ie rhanis (Walker, 1835)

Head 2.0 times as broad as long; OOL : POL: LOL = 6: 19: 9; frons finely coriaceous

with some transverse wrinkles above antennal sockets. Mesoscutum finely coriaceous, mid-

lobe continuing as a smooth, roundish plate, high above level of base of scutellum. Junction

of T1 and T2 with dense hairs, leaving a narrow, bare gap dorsally; T2 smooth, T3—T6 with

microsculpture. Black species. Legs dark brown; fore femora lighter, tibiae reddish and tarsi

dirty yellow; middle femora black, tibiae and tarsi reddish; hind legs black, tarsi red. Length

female 1.8 mm (figs. 70a—70e).

a bhick A6reddish ooren ee een ee eee acco (Walker, 1835)

Head 2.0 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 7: 18 : 8. Black species. Fore legs

entirely reddish brown; middle femora brown, tibiae and tarsi red; hind femora brown, tibiae

proximally red, distally darker, tarsi red. Rest of characters as in S. rhanıs. Length female 1.8

mm (figs. 71a—71e).

Remarks. — S. rhanis and S. acco are conspecific. They differ only slightly in the propor-

tions of the ocellar triangle and different coloration. I select here the name S. rhanis with S.

acco as a synonym (syn. nov.). This species is a common parasite of Dasineura urticae (Per-

ris) on Urtica dioica L.

12. Head about 1.7 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 5 : 11 : 14. Head coriaceous with

a very weak occipital carina; lamella on scape wide and clearly visible...

ORN. Pewsey mao am bail Ja al later. (Sactogaster) tarsa (Walker, 1835)

210 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 9, 1984 (1985)

Mesoscutum flattened, finely coriaceous; notauli traceable in their posterior one-third; mid-

lobe between notauli pointed, prolonged as a bridge over scuto-scutellar groove, reaching

basal part of scutellum; scutellar spine rather long and strong; propodeal carinae fused, their

surface divided into two overhanging lamellae. Junction of T1 and T2 with long, dense hairs;

T2 smooth, T3—T6 with microsculpture; second sternite compressed and recessed ventrally,

the complete segment being 1.2 times as high as broad; T5 and T6 long, 6th 1.7 times as long

as 5th. Black species. Antennae black, scape proximally red and A2—A5 somewhat lighter.

Fore femora and tibiae reddish, tarsi dirty yellowish; middle femora dark brown, tibiae light-

er, tarsi dirty yellow; hind femora dark brown, tibiae dark brown but proximally lighter and

tarsi dirty yellow. Length female 1.4 mm (figs. 72a—72e).

— Head about 2.0 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 3 : 12 : 17; head coriaceous, ver-

tex with a transverse elevation which seems to be a blunt occipital carina; lamellae on scape

narctowenthan NME eh see. as ORE Na (Sactogaster) osaces (Walker, 1835)

Mesoscutum longitudinally coriaceous; notauli indicated in their posterior one-third; mid-

lobe between notauli pointed and somewhat protruding; scutellum as in S. tarsa. Junction of

T1 and T2 with long, dense hairs; T2 completely smooth, T3—T6 with microsculpture; ster-

nite 2 compressed and recessed ventrally, the complete segment being 1.1 times as high as

broad; T5 and T6 long, 6th 2.0 times as long as 5th. Coloration as in S. tarsa, overall somew-

hat lighter. Length female 1.3 mm (figs. 73a—73e).

Piestopleura Foerster

ll; ltsmooth, withoussculptur nr HR aah UE har seron (Walker, 1835)

Mesoscutum, scutellum and metasoma smooth, without hairs. Head 1.8 times as broad as

long; OOL : POL : LOL = 1: 20 : 9; head roundish in front, coriaceous. Mesosoma com-

pressed, length 2.1 times as long as broad at its broadest part; notauli absent; hind border of

mesoscutum rounded, just reaching the protruded scutellum; mesoscutum for the larger part

smooth with lateral areas of very fine microsculpture; scutellum straight with a long spine;

propodeal carınae long, high and fused; lateral areas of propodeum large, more densely

haired in its posterior part. T1 smooth, with an impression in its upper third; T2 with indica-

tion of basal foveae and some very fine superficial microsculpture posteriorly; T3—T7 with

distinct microsculpture. Black, shiny species. Antennae black, scape red. All legs yellowish

red, hind femora and tibiae distally darker. Length male 1.6 mm (figs. 74a—74d).

Remarks. — This species resembles Piestopleura mamertes in many ways. It differs from it

in the sculpturing of T1 and in the coloration of antennae and legs.

— Tl withlonsitudinal seulpture stonden den eee ee EEE 2

2. T1 with two lateral grooves and with a crenulate transverse impression in the middle...........

Id watten) bead Mn ini ont bored eee Sb bee Tk mamertes (Walker, 1835)

Head 1.8 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 1 : 20 : 10; head in front roundish,

somewhat broader than high, coriaceous. Mesosoma compressed, length 2.0 times as long as

at broadest part; notauli very faintly indicated; hind border of mesoscutum rounded and not

quite reaching the protruded scutellum; mesoscutum with fine microsculpture, medio-

laterally with a smooth area; scutellum not particularly convex, with a relatively long spine;

propodeal carinae long, high and fused; lateral areas of propodeum large and regularly

haired. T2 with shallow lateral foveae, posterior part with fine microsculpture; T2—T7 with

fine microsculpture. Blackish brown, shiny species. Antennae dark brown. All femora

brown; fore tibiae apically, middle and hind tarsi proximally, yellowish brown, rest darker;

all tarsi yellowish, except last tarsal segments which are dark. Length male 1.5 mm (figs.

75a—75d).

Vruc: Types of Platygastridae 211

Figs. 68—71. a, antenna; b, head (dorsal view); c, scutellum (lateral view); d, metasoma (dorsal view); e, meta-

soma (lateral view). 68a—d, Synopeas euryale (lectotype); 69a—e, S. hyllus (lectotype); 70a—e, S. rhanis (lecto-

type); 7la—e, S. acco (lectotype).

212 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 9, 1984 (1985)

76a

76b Varie)

Ta ue

75d

Figs. 72—76. a, antenna; b, head (dorsal view); c, scutellum (lateral view); d, metasoma (dorsal view); e, meta-

soma (lateral view). 72a—e, Synopeas (Sactogaster) tarsa (lectotype); 73a—e, S. (Sactogaster) osaces (lectotype);

74a—d, Piestopleura seron (lectotype); 75a—d, P. mamertes (lectotype); 76a—d, P. catillus (authors collection).

Vrug: Types of Platygastridae 218

— Ti with two lateral grooves, adjoined by longitudinal striae; basal part of T1 elevated ..........

Or een ee een a ale ha ah wie catılla (Walker, 1835)

Head slightly more than 2.0 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 1 : 20 : 8; head in

frontal view roundish, 1.2 times as broad as high, with superficial microsculpture, transverse

microsculpture above antennal sockets. Thorax and propodeum compressed, combined

length nearly three times as long as at broadest part; mesoscutum nearly smooth, in its centre

with fine microsculpture; notauli faintly indicated; hind border of mesoscutum nearly

straight, just reaching the protruded scutellum; scutellum nail-like and ending in a strong,

rather short spine; propodeal carinae close to each other, converging and fused posteriorly;

lateral areas of propodeum haired, more densely postero-laterally. T2 with shallow, very

finely striated basal foveae, rest of T2 smooth, except for postero-lateral corners which have

the same fine microsculpture as on T3—T6. Black, shiny species. Antennae black, A1—A6

somewhat lighter. Legs light brown, hind femur slightly darker. Length female 1.8 mm (figs.

76a—76d).

Leptacis Foerster

1. Scutellum with a long needle-like prolongation or, at least suddenly constricted ............. 2

— Scutellum with a nail-like prolongation, in dorsal view tapering gradually to apex ........... 3

2. Head rounded, without occipital carina, entirely finely reticulate, rather dull, except behind

EEEN AE srad an nah ae eur SE Aswan. ob ceed ae mice (Walker, 1835)

Head 1.7 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 2 : 14 : 6. Notauli vaguely indicated;

posterior part of mesoscutum covering base of scutellum as a narrow, semitransparent lamel-

la; scutellum semicircular, convex, provided with a long, narrow spine, 1.5 times as long as

broad at base (including spine); propodeal carinae fused and about as long as scutellar spine;

lateral areas of propodeum sparsely covered with long hairs; wings densely hairy. T1 1.5

times as long as broad at base, slightly tapering posteriorly, proximally strongly swollen and

densely haired at lateral borders; T2 without basal foveae; posterior part of T2 and T3—T7

with fine microsculpture. Light brown species with darkened head and metasoma. Antennae

yellowish, A6—A10 darker. Legs yellowish. Length male 1.5 mm (figs. 77a—77d).

— Head rounded, without occipital carina, finely alutaceous; occiput finely transversely reticulate,

DEI sensor AIRONE E RE CORR As malo. ber RMR. halia (Walker, 1835)

Head 2.0 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL =2 : 12 : 6. Notauli traceable posteri-

orly and midlobe in between them just covering base of scutellum; scutellum semi-oval, con-

vex, with a moderately long spine, 1.5 times as long as broad at base (including spine); propo-

deal carinae close together but not fused and not particularly long. Wings widely haired. T1

1.4 times as long as broad; T2 posteriorly, and T3—T7 with smooth microsculpture. Black,

shiny species. A1 and A2 light brown, rest of antennae slightly darker. Legs light brown,

middle and hind femora and tibiae darker. Length male 0.8 mm (figs. 78a—78d).

3. Prolongation of scutellum semi-transparent brown, curved, reaching base of T2 and excavated

Cioni CA Re, danser. CER Lastage dade nydia (Walker, 1835)

Head with occipital carina, finely reticulate, rather dull; head 1.8 times as broad as long;

OOL : POL : LOL = 1 : 13 : 6. Scutellum 1.4 times as long as broad at base; propodeal cari-

nae weak, more or less fused at their base. T1 1.3 as long as broad. Black, shiny species. A1—

A6 bright red, A7—A10 black. Legs entirely bright red. Length female 1.4 mm (figs. 79a—

79d).

Remarks. — Leptacis nydia is conspecific with Leptacis torispinula Huggert, 1980 (syn.

nov.). For a detailed description I refer to the paper of Huggert, 1980. The species is found

commonly on the freshly cut ends of oak-logs and other hardwoods.

214 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 9, 1984 (1985)

— Prolongation of scutellum “massive” and rugose, with a vertical lamella from its apex to meta-

Doti paket entel MEEL ON lr nd ER I 4

4. Head entirely reticulate with a weak occipital carina ................... ozines (Walker, 1835)

Head 1.8 times as broad as long; OOL : POL: LOL = 2: 15 : 7. Pronotum weakly aluta-

ceous with a few hairs in its upper half; notauli incomplete, midlobe between them slightly

prolonged and just touching scutellum; scutellum 1.3 times as long as broad at base, its apex

not quite reaching base of T1; propodeal carinae clearly separated, not particularly high. T1

and T2 seemingly fused by the presence of dense greyish hairs but definitely separated; T1

with two converging, well defined carinae; T2 with two deep basal foveae, leaving a small,

tongue-like structure in the middle; rest of T2 smooth, shiny; T3—T6 with a narrow, trans-

verse strip of microsculpture. Black, shiny species. Scape red, A2—A6 darker, A7—A10

black. Legs brownish, fore legs lighter. Length male 1.0 mm (figs. 80a—80d).

— Head entirely reticulate, vertex and occiput more transversely reticulate; occipital carina pre-

Sent DUGITOESE ROM: he bee tae N IR RCA laodice (Walker, 1835)

Head 2.1 times as broad as long; OOL : POL: LOL = 2: 14: 6. Pronotum weakly aluta-

ceous in its lower half, upper half regularly hairy; notauli only traceable at their extreme pos-

terior part, midlobe between them forming a short, rounded, membraneous plate, just be-

yond hind margin of mesoscutum; scutellum as in L. ozines; propodeal carinae slightly wider

from each other than in L. ozines. T1 1.2 times as long as broad, with three longitudinal cari-

nae; basal foveae of T2 less deep than in L. ozines, rest of T2 smooth; T3—T6 with a trans-

verse, medial strip of microsculpture. Black, shiny species. A1—A6 red, A7—A10 black.

Fore legs brown, tarsi yellow; middle legs brown, tibiae proximally lighter and tarsi yellow;

hind legs brown, tarsi yellow. Length female 1.3 mm (figs. 81a—81d).

Remarks. — Three females in my collection (“Ireland. Glen of the Downs, Co. Wicklow

[Irish Grid Ref. O. 260112], 12.vii.1983, leg. Vlug”) are slightly darker, especially in the col-

oration of the legs.

Trichacis Foerster

Walker described three species which fit in the genus Trichacis, viz., T. remulus, T. didas and T.

pisis. Only superficial characters separate these species. The differences are mainly found in the

form of the antennal segments and colour differences of antennae and legs. There seems to be no

good reason to treat them as separate species. However, until I have seen more material of this ge-

nus, I prefer to maintain the present situation. The material in my collection is far too poor to say

anything about variation. There seems to be a tendency that northern specimens (Sweden, Norway

and Denmark) have hyaline wings, whereas some of my specimens from Italy, Yougoslavia and

Southern France have infuscate wings.

1. A7 and A8 clearly broader than long (0.7 X 0.6 mm). Notauli reaching front margin of meso-

scutum. „Me RR A eee a ee: dira 70 remulus (Walker, 1835)

Head 1.8 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 7 : 18 : 8; frons smooth, with trans-

verse wrinkles above antennal sockets; vertex reticulate coriaceous, this sculpture becoming

more transverse towards the weak occipital carina; occipital carina not complete, occiput

sloping strongly, having coarse, transverse sculpture. Anterior half of mesoscutum with fine

sculpture and hairs, posterior half smooth and less densely haired; propleurae regularly

haired, except extreme upper border and hind border; mesopleurae smooth; metapleurae

densely haired; scutellum smooth, except the specialized area which has a dense tuft of hairs;

propodeal carinae high and strong, lateral areas of propodeum with long hairs. Central part

of T1 strongly crenulated, at sides densely haired; basal foveae of T2 deep and densely

haired, raised area in between with some short striae, rest of tergite smooth; T3—T7 with

fine microsculpture and some long hairs. Black, rather shiny species. Antennae uniformly

VLUG: Types of Platygastridae 215

CHANTANT

GMT

Bla

Figs. 77—81. a, antenna; b, head (dorsal view); c, scutellum (lateral view); d, metasoma (dorsal view). 77a—d,

Leptacis nice (lectotype); 78a—d, L. halia (lectotype); 79a—d, L. nydia (lectotype); 80a—d, L. ozines (lecto-

type) (last antennal segment missing); 81a—d, L. laodice (lectotype).

216 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 9, 1984 (1985)

dark brown, scape proximally lighter. Wings infuscate. Legs dark brown, fore tibiae and tarsi

lighter. Length male 1.6 mm (figs. 82a—82d).

— A7 and A8 clearly longer than broad (0.6 X 0.75 mm). Notauli not reaching front margin of

mesosentum. Antennaeand less lishterithan m. renwljs. SRO ROSEO. 2

2: Atabout2 3\timesasilontas broaden tt re didas (Walker, 1835)

Head 2.0 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 8 : 17 : 8; frons rather smooth, with-

out transverse striae above antennal sockets; vertex and occiput as in 7. remulus. Mesoscu-

tum as in 7. remulus but to a greater extent sculptured in the lectotype; notauli incomplete;

scutellum smooth with some long hairs except the specialized area with a dense tuft of hairs;

propleurae, mesopleurae and metapleurae, propodeum and metasoma as in 7. remulus. Black,

shiny species. Antennae reddish brown, A4— A10 somewhat darker. Wings infuscate. Legs

dark brown, fore legs entirely reddish brown. Length male 1.8 mm (figs. 83a—83d).

— AA aboutd-Gtimesias long as broad u... u..2.... ee N pisis (Walker, 1835)

Head 2.1 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 7 : 18 : 8. Rest of characters as in 7.

remulus. Black, shiny species. Antennae reddish brown, scape lighter. Wings infuscate. Fore

legs reddish, apical tarsal segments darker; middle legs reddish brown, tibiae apically dark-

ened; hind legs dark brown. Length male 1.8 mm (figs. 84a—84d).

Isocybus Foerster

I. Vertexbroadlysexcavated feeds tes tine Arie eine Lee E 2

— Vertex rounded Agra: Ha Eee nd See PS AR RACE PAPE CR SR 3

2. T2 entirely roughly striated, except posterior border which is finely punctate .................

ir Rd EEE ET ee erato (Walker, 1835)

Head appearing square, 1.5 times as broad as long, eyes clearly forming broadest part; OOL

: POL : LOL = 14 : 16 : 7; entire head roughly and wrinkly sculptured. Mesoscutum with

same sculpture as head, zech complete and deep; hairy impression on dorsal surface of scu-

tellum large; postscutellum not exceeding length of scutellum; propodeal carinae strong. T1

carinated; T2 with deep basal pits, entire tergite, except posterior border, longitudinally and

irregularly striated (these striae splitting in their second half); T3—T7 finely punctate with

scattered, fine long hairs. Black, rather dull species. Antennae red. Wings infuscate. Fore legs

entirely red; middle femora brown, tibiae brown but proximally lighter and tarsi red; hind

legs blackish, tibiae proximally lighter and tarsi dark brown. Length male 3.2 mm (figs. 85a—

85d).

Remarks. — In specimens from the Netherlands (“Huizen. “Oud Bussum”. 9.vu1.1981,

leg. Gijswijt”), both males and females tend to have a less extensive striation on T2. In these

specimens the legs are somewhat darker and the female antennal club consists of six dark

brown to black segments. Fresh material shows clearly that the specialized, roughly sculp-

tured and densely haired area on the scutellum occupies nearly the whole dorsal surface. In

all other species this area is smaller and in some cases more or less heart-shaped. Of the four

species mentioned in this key, /. erato has the strongest infuscate wings.

— T2 moderately striated in its proximal two-thirds, rest of tergite, including area between basal

foreaesmootini bitrate MIS Ber nt ned ae ea EEN matuta (Walker, 1835)

Head appearing square, 1.3 times as broad as long, eyes not clearly forming broadest part;

OOL : POL: LOL = 13: 18 : 9; frons irregularly and roughly wrinkled, smoother in the

centre; vertex and occiput reticulate coriaceous. Mesoscutum roughly wrinkled, notauli com-

plete and deep; scutellum with more or less triangular, hairy impression on dorsal surface;

postscutellum appearing as a semi-transparent crenulated lamella, clearly visible from above;

VLUG: Types of Platygastridae 217

tegel 82c TE 83b

| Figs. 82—85. a, antenna; b, head (dorsal view); c, scutellum (lateral view); d, metasoma (dorsal view). 82a—d,

Trichacis remulus (lectotype); 83a—d, T. didas (lectotype); 84a—d, T. pisis (lectotype); 85a—d, Isocybus erato

(lectotype).

218

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 9, 1984 (1985)

propodeal carinae strong, more or less lamelliform and spreading outwards. T1 with central

carinated area, at sides roughly sculptured; T3—T7 finely punctate with, especially at sides,

long thin hairs. Black, shiny species. Antennae brown, Al red. Wings somewhat infuscate.

All legs entirely bright red. Length male 2.6 mm (figs. 86a—86d).

3. Temples, propleurae, scutellum, sides of propodeum and hind coxae densely haired ...........

Pk AAL Bes MA Na eerie ME UE Se walkeri Kieffer, 1926

Head 1.6 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 13: 18 : 8; frons roughly wrinkled,

vertex and occiput reticulate coriaceous with some transverse striae. Mesoscutum irregularly

and strongly reticulate coriaceous, notauli complete and deep; propleurae with strong punc-

tation and dense brown hairs; mesopleurae with a deep longitudinal impression, with a rather

smooth area above and longitudinal striae below; scutellum strongly convex with a densely

haired impression; propodeal carinae strong, lateral areas of propodeum with long hairs. T1

with a carinated area in the centre, at sides of it with rough longitudinal sculpture; T2 with

deep basal foveae, the tergite striated over its whole width to one-third; lateral part of T2

with long brown hairs, posterior border with fine microsculpture; T3—T7 finely punctate,

laterally with hairs. Black, shiny species. Antennae red. Wings, especially proximally, infus-

cated. Fore legs red; middle legs reddish brown; hind legs dark brown. Length male 3.1 mm

(figs. 87a—87d).

— Temples and hind coxae rather bare, propleurae, scutellum and lateral parts of propodeum

mogleratobe aire. … rme he AR I cotta (Walker, 1835)

Head 1.7 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 12 : 16 : 9; frons roughly sculptured,

vertex and occiput reticulate coriaceous. Mesoscutum irregularly reticulate coriaceous, no-

tauli complete and deep; propleurae with strong punctation, moderately densely haired with

short fine hairs; mesopleurae with deep longitudinal impression, above as well as beneath

with strong longitudinal striae; scutellum with an irregularly shaped impression, sparsely

haired; propodeal carinae strong, at sides not particularly hairy. T1 over whole width with

longitudinal carinae; T2 with moderate deep, basal foveae, each of them provided with a

small round pit; striation of T2 to one-third, rather strong and extending over whole width;

hind border of T2 smooth; T3—T6 with fine punctation and some deeply implanted hairs.

Black, shiny species. A1 and A2 red, A3 and A4 reddish brown and A5—A10 dark brown.

Proximal part of wings infuscate, rest clear. Legs uniformly reddish brown, fore legs some-

what lighter. Length female 2.8 mm (figs. 88a—88d).

Amblyaspis Foerster

1. Occipital carina complete; head strongly narrowed behind eyes ........\... GR 2

— Occipital carina incomplete or absent; head gradually rounded behind eyes................. 5

2.) Ogeiput,wirhireriealksehab, sun. mien bend Jer MANS A AA oS a etch KE 3

— Occiput without vertical striae, sometimes with weak transverse striation … 4

31 T2haired'in basal ovenel st... 1205 RA ANNE Ast ei ADELT DM roboris (Walker, 1835)

Head 2.2 times as broad as long; OOL : POL: LOL = 6: 17: 7; frons finely granulate,

above and at sides of antennal sockets roughly sculptured. Hind border of mesoscutum

straight; epomia relatively weak and anteriorly not forming an overhanging plate; propodeal

carinae fused at base but clearly separated at top. Basal foveae of T2 deep and hairy, rest of

T2 smooth; T3—T6 with fine punctation and some long hairs. Black species. Antennae red-

dish brown, proximally lighter. Wings infuscate. Coxae brown, legs dirty yellow; apical parts

of middle tibiae, hind femora and hind tibiae darkened. Length female 1.8 mm (figs. 89a—

89d).

— 12 bare inbasalfovese:. ra nemende, ee UE Rte nereus (Walker, 1835)

= Vrug: Types of Platygastridae 219

Ne 90d

Figs. 86—90. a, antenna; b, head (dorsal view); c, scutellum (lateral view); d, metasoma (dorsal view). 86a—d,

Isocybus matuta (paralectotype no. 270 in NMI); 87a—d, I. walkeri (lectotype); 88a—d, /. cotta (lectotype);

89a—d, Amblyaspis roboris (lectotype); 90a—d, A. nereus (lectotype). |

220 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 9, 1984 (1985)

Head 2.3 times as broad as long; OOL : POL: LOL = 10: 15 : 9; frons granulate, with

transverse striation in lower half; head appearing rather dull. Hind border of mesoscutum

more or less excavated; epomia strong and anteriorly forming an overhanging plate; propo-

deal carinae fused at base and separated at top. Basal foveae of T2 bare and not particularly

deep, rest of T2 smooth; T3—T6 with fine punctation. Black species. Antennae dark brown,

scape reddish brown. Wings strongly infuscated. Fore and middle coxae reddish brown, hind

coxae black; legs uniformly reddish brown. Length female 2.1 mm (figs. 90a—90d).

44 @ccipurerambilare st rad As den e ARS PRET AA EEE tritici (Walker, 1835)

Head 2.0 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 8 : 15 : 6; frons granulate with some

transverse wrinkles above antennal sockets; mesoscutum coriaceous; notauli weakly indi-

cated; hind border of mesoscutum straight, slightly depressed laterally; propodeal carinae

well developed and well separated at top. T1 with two carinae, laterally haired; T2 with rath-

er deep, roundish basal foveae, provided with hairs; rest of T2 smooth; T3—T7 with fine

punctation. Black species. Wings strongly infuscated. Coxae black. Legs entirely reddish yel-

low. Length male 1.5 mm (figs. 91a—91d).

=, Occiput transversely reticulate aay. ean A MEN SERA E eee prorsa (Walker, 1835)

Head 2.0 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 8 : 16 : 8; frons smoothly granulate;

some wrinkles above antennal sockets; pronotal collar and epomia well developed; mesoscu-

tum finely coriaceous, without notauli; hind border of mesoscutum straight; propleurae with

superficial sculpture in upper part, lower part entirely smooth; propodeal carinae well devel-

oped, seemingly fused. T1 with two carinae, laterally haired; T2 with two small, haired basal

foveae, rest of T2 smooth; T3—T7 punctate, except a narrow smooth anterior strip. Brown-

ish, shiny species with a blackish head. (The type may have been discoloured to some extent

during the 150 years of preservation; darker diffuse markings give rise to this impression.)

Antennae light brown. Wings infuscate. Legs entirely yellowish. Length male 1.3 mm (figs.

92a—92d).

5. Occipitalicasmanot present, head! pertectly roundeds=s Aa VOR ORO e 6

— Occipital carina’present but not complete, sometimes weak. . 995.3275. OR 8

6. Head 1.7 times as broad as long, in frontal view as broad as high, roundish ...................

OOL : POL : LOL = 5: 12 : 5; frons nearly smooth, rather shiny and with faint sculpture;

occiput faintly coriaceous. Notauli clearly indicated on posterior half of mesoscutum, mid-

lobe in between them prolonged over base of scutellum; propodeal carinae strong and high,

fused at base but clearly separated at top. Basal foveae of T2 moderately deep and haired, rest

of T2 smooth; T3—T6 with fine punctation. Black, rather dull species. Antennae blackish

brown. Wings slightly infuscate. Legs brown; fore tibiae and tarsi lighter, middle and hind

tibiae proximally lighter, middle and hind tarsi lighter. Length female 1.4 mm (figs. 93a—

93d).

—; Head 210 times asbrond'as longe: Metti. CORE SI, Sere 7

7. Light brown species with yellowish antennae, coxae and legs ............. abas (Walker, 1835)

Head 2.0 times as broad as long, slightly broader than high; OOL : POL : LOL = 5 : 13 : 6;

head entirely superficially coriaceous. Notauli weakly indicated posteriorly, the midlobe in

between them slightly prolonged and just reaching scutellum; propodeal carinae strong and

high, clearly separated. Basal foveae of T2 moderately deep with a few hairs, rest of T2

smooth; T3—T7 superficially punctate. Reddish brown species with darker head. Wings in-

fuscate. Antennae, coxae and legs entirely yellowish. Length male 1.4 mm (figs. 94a—94d).

Vruc: Types of Platygastridae 201

92c

93a

94a

95a Al

en a,

a 794d

Figs 91—95. a, antenna; b, head (dorsal view); c, scutellum (lateral view); d, metasoma (dorsal view). 91a—d,

| Amblyaspis tritici (lectotype); 92a—d, A. prorsa (lectotype); 93a—d, A. belus (lectotype); 94a—d, A. abas (lecto-

type); 95a—d, A. otreus (lectotype).

222 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 9, 1984 (1985)

Eee an

K 7978 |

Figs. 96—98. a, antenna; b, head (dorsal view); c, scutellum (lateral view); d, metasoma (dorsal view). 96a—d,

Amblyaspis furius (lectotype); 97a—d, A. scelionoides (lectotype); 98a—d, A. crates (lectotype).

— Blackish brown species with dark brown antennae and reddish brown coxae and legs ..........

Ana ER: VEN DIM oa ek ereen ene B otreus (Walker, 1835)

Head 2.0 times as broad as long, slightly broader than high; OOL : POL: LOL = 6: 15 : 6; |

head entirely superficially coriaceous. Notauli clearly indicated in posterior one-third, mid-

lobe between them slightly prolonged over base of scutellum; shallow impressions on meso- _

scutum, lateral of notauli; propodeal carinae strong and high, clearly separated. Basal foveae —

of T2 rather deep and thickly haired, rest of T2 smooth; T3—T7 with fine punctation. Wings

infuscate. Length male 1.6 mm (figs. 95a—95d).

8. Notauli clearly indicated posteriorly, midlobe in between prolonged as a rather narrow flange

whichcovers. base ot. schrellum sy ara Ne be ee ee furius (Walker, 1835)

Vruc: Types of Platygastridae 223

Head 1.7 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 6: 16 : 7; frons and occiput superfi-

cially coriaceous. Microsculpture on mesoscutum as on head; propodeal carinae strong and

high, clearly separated. Basal foveae of T2 deep and haired, rest of T2 smooth; T3—T7 with

fine punctation. Blackish, rather shiny species. Antennae brown, scape somewhat lighter.

Wings infuscate. Coxae and legs entirely reddish yellow. Length male 1.8 mm (figs. 96a—

96d).

Remarks. — A. scelionoides (Haliday, 1835) differs from A. furius by the following charac-

ters: Head 1.6 times as broad as long; mesoscutum coriaceous, lateral parts with a smooth

area; shallow impressions on mesoscutum, laterally of notauli. Coxae somewhat darker and

legs somewhat lighter than in A. furius. Length female 1.8 mm (figs. 97a—97d). Despite the

above mentioned characters which are slightly different from those of A. furius, I consider

both synonymous. I select here the name A. scelionoides, with A. furius as synonym (syn.

nov.).

— Notauli absent; hind border of mesoscutum rounded and forming a broad, brownish transpa-

Esel cavermeibase of scutellum .. ste veter ste. +» bene ee crates (Walker, 1835)

Head 2.0 times as broad as long; OOL : POL : LOL = 7: 14 : 7; frons superficially cörıa-

ceous; occiput weakly reticulate coriaceous. Mesoscutum superficially coriaceous, nearly

smooth; major part of scutellum sparsely haired, apex with the usual long hairs; propodeal

carinae strong and high. Basal foveae of T2 shallow, sparsely haired, rest of T2 smooth; T3—

T7 smooth, with a narrow posterior strip which is finely punctate. Black, shiny species. An-

tennae dark brown. Wings infuscate. Coxae and legs uniformly brown. Length male 1.2 mm

(figs. 98a—98d).

REFERENCES

Eady, R. D., 1968. Some illustrations of microsculpture in the Hymenoptera. — Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (A):

66—72.

Huggert, L., 1973. Taxonomical studies on Platygastrinae (Hym. Proctotrupoidea). — Ent. Tidskr. 94: 97—108.

Huggert, L., 1974. Taxonomical studies on the species belonging to Urocyclops Maneval (Hym. Proctotrupoi-

dea, Platygastrinae). — Ent. Tidskr. 95: 58—63.

Huggert, L., 1980. Taxonomical studies on some genera and species of Platygastrinae (Hymenoptera: Procto-

trupoidea). — Ent. scand. 11: 97—112.

Vlug, H. J. and M. W. R. de V. Graham, 1984. The types of Platygastridae (Hymenoptera, Scelionoidea) de-

scribed by Haliday and Walker and preserved in the National Museum of Ireland and in the British Museum

(Natural History). 1. Designations of lectotypes. — Tijdschr. Ent. 127: 115—135.

INDEX

Amblyaspis abas (Walker) ... 220 Isocybus matuta (Walker) ... 216 Platygaster abia Walker ..... 182

Amblyaspis belus (Walker) .. 220 Isocybus walkeri Kieffer..... 218 Platygaster abisares Walker .. 204

Amblyaspis crates (Walker) .. 223 Platygaster acrisius Walker... 193

Amblyaspis furius (Walker) .. 222 Leptacis halia (Walker) ...... 213 Platygaster aegeus Walker ... 199

Amblyaspis nereus (Walker) 218 Leptacis laodice (Walker) .... 214 Platygaster athamas

Amblyaspis otreus (Walker).. 222 Leptacis nice (Walker) ...... 2132 Aken 189, 191

Amblyaspis prorsa (Walker) 220 Leptacis nydia (Walker) ..... 213 Platygaster attenuata

Amblyaspis roboris Eeptacisozines (Walker). 214" — Walker oen. onmens 191, 202

De. 218 Leptacis torispinula Platygaster bucolion Walker 202

Amblyaspis scelionoides (Se) EEE 213 Platygaster cebes Walker .... 184

Ee. 223 Platygaster chrysippus

Amblyaspis tritici (Walker) .. 220 Piestopleura catilla (Walker) 213 Walker ................... 193

Piestopleura mamertes Platygaster cleodaeus Walker 204

Isocybus cotta (Walker) ..... OA IE) NEE 210 Platygaster cochleata Walker 187

Isocybus erato (Walker) ..... 216 Piestopleura seron (Walker) .. 210 Platygaster cratinus Walker .. 184

224 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 9, 1984 (1985)

Platygaster cyrsilus Walker .. 189 Platygaster minthe Walker... 199 Platygaster tisias Walker.....

Platygaster deipyla Walker... 202 Platygaster munita Platygaster vaenia Walker...

Platygaster demades Walker a Em ET 193, 202 Platygaster vestinus Walker ..

Walkera: 2 ir 196,198 Platygaster nisus Walker... 198 Platygaster xeneus Walker ...

Platygaster dictys Walker .... 184 Platygaster oebalus Walker .. 195 Platygaster zosine Walker ...

Platygaster dryope Walker... 189 Platygaster oeclus Walker.... 195

Platygaster ennius Walker ... 201 Platygaster olorus Walker ... 184 Synopeas abaris (Walker) ....

Platygaster eriphyle Walker .. 201 Platygaster orcus Walker .... 198 Synopeas acco (Walker) .....

Platygaster euhemerus Platygaster orus Walker ..... 182 Synopeas craterus (Walker) ..

Walker Nel» hanin. DANE 191 Platygaster oscus Walker .... 199 Synopeas euryale (Walker)...

Platygaster evadne Walker... 202 Platygaster otanes Walker ... 180 Synopeas hyllus (Walker)...

Platygaster filicornis Walker 187 Platygaster pedasus Walker .. 198 Synopeas jasius (Walker) ....

Platygaster galenus Walker... 189 Platygaster pelias Synopeas larides (Walker) ...

BlatweastensorsenW alken 195 Walker nr 196,198 Synopeas mamertes Kieffer ..

Platygaster gyge Walker ..... 191 Platygaster philinna Walker .. 201 Synopeas myles (Walker) ....

Platygaster ilione Walker .... 186 Platygaster pleuron Walker .. 182 Synopeas osaces (Walker)....

Platygaster inermis Walker... 186 Platygaster plotina Walker... 202 Synopeas rhanis (Walker)... .

Platygaster iolas Walker ..... 196 Platygaster ruborum Synopeas sosis (Walker) .....

BlapyeasterlanieisLlalkday era (KELE) an m 198 Synopeas tarsa (Walker) .....

Platygaster leptines Walker .. 187 Platygaster rutubus Walker .. 186 Synopeas trebius (Walker) ...

Platygaster longiventris Platygaster sagana Walker ... 201 Synopeas velutinus (Walker)

Thomson ed art: heet 191 Platygaster sonchis Walker... 184

Platygaster lysicles Walker :.. 182 Platygaster sterope Walker... 180 Trichacis didas (Walker)...

Platygaster manto Platygaster strato Walker .... 184 Trichacis pisis (Walker) .....

NIKE NET Ne 00. 198,204 Platygaster taras Walker ...... 180 Trichacis remulus (Walker) …

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DEEL 127 AFLEVERING 10 1984

TIJDSCHRIFT

VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE

UITGEGEVEN DOOR

DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING

INHOUD

A. Diakonorr, S. A. ULENBERG and L. VARI. — A new tortricid of Nerine plants

originating from Southern Africa (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), pp. 225—234, figs.

1—21.

| Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, deel 127, afl. 10 Gepubliceerd 14-VI-1985

A NEW TORTRICID OF NERINE PLANTS ORIGINATING

FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE)

A. DIAKONOFF

Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, Netherlands

S. A. ULENBERG

Plantenziektenkundige Dienst, Wageningen, Netherlands

L. VÁRI

Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa

ABSTRACT

A description is presented of Phlebozemia sandrinae Diakonoff, gen. et sp. nov. (Tortri-

cidae, Archipini), a tortricid introduced with plant material from Southern Africa, having

caused injury to bulbs, leaves and flowers of Nerine bowdenii, a garden flower, grown in

glasshouses in the Netherlands. Bionomics, especially host plant acceptance, were studied

at the Plantenziektenkundige Dienst, Wageningen, by providing various plant species of

Amaryllidaceae to the insects for oviposition. It was shown that the species is not mono-

phagous. The reared material of the insect was compared with authentic Southern African

material at the Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, South Africa, and the species proved to occur

in that country.

INTRODUCTION

Severe damage was caused to Nerine bowde-

nu Watson, grown in a nursery’s glasshouse in

the Netherlands in September, 1983. The dam-

age consisted of excavated bulbs and escapes

and partly injured flowers (figs. 19—21).

À sample of the affected material was sent to

the second author for identification of the in-

sect. The rest of the plants was destroyed and

adequate control measures were taken in the

glasshouse. The damage appeared to be caused

by an unknown tortricid.

Nerine belongs to the plant family Amarylli-

daceae and is endemic in South Africa. Since the

_XVIIthe century, Nerine is a popular garden

flower in Europe, with Nerine sarniensis (L.)

Herbert, the Guernsey Lily, as the most popu-

| lar species in England, and for years exclusively

cultivated in Guernsey. In other countries of

Europe a large number of varieties have been

developed from several other Nerine species, es-

pecially from Nerine bowdenii Watson. This

species became highly valued in gardens for

their showy, late-autumn flowers and as nurs-

ery stock for the production of cut flowers (Van

Brenk, 1980).

BIONOMICS

In order to obtain material for taxonomic study

and get information on the developmental cycle,

the host plant acceptance, and the feeding hab-

its, rearing experiments of the tortricid were

carried out by the second author. Three genera-

tions were reared indoors on Nerine bowdenii

at a temperature of 18 °C. These cultures pro-

vided the following observations. The moths

oviposited upon leaves and flower buds. The

larvae started as miners. The later instar larvae

bored into bulbs and scapes or fed on leaves

which were partly folded lengthwise by web-

bing, in a way characteristic for Tortricidae.

The following lengths of the different devel-

opment stages were recorded: egg 10—13 days,

larva 19 days, pupa 23 days. The longevity of

the individual moths has not been recorded; on

average the flying period of the different gener-

225

226

ations was three to four weeks.

To determine host plant acceptance, two tests

were carried out.

In the first test, Narcissus cyclamineus de

Candolle ex Redouté was presented as food

plant to first instar larvae of the third genera-

tion, reared on Nerine bowdenu. The larvae ac-

cepted Narcissus as food plant, developed fully

on it, pupated and hatched.

In the second test ovipositing female moths

were given the choice between Nerine bowdenii

and several other Amaryllidaceae, viz., Crinum

powelli Henderson, Hippeastrum Herbert, Hy-

menocallis (X) cv. “Festalis” Hort.!) and Spre-

kelia formosissima (L.) Herbert. Eggs were de-

posited on all five plant species. Larvae devel-

oped on Hippeastrum, Hymenocallis and Spre-

kelia, but not on Crinum.

Unfortunately, most egg masses of the fourth

generation on Nerine bowdenu dried out. Si-

multaneously, the first instar larvae on Hippeas-

trum, Hymenocallis and Sprekelia died, proba-

bly because of extreme temperatures, caused by

an error with the heating system in the glass-

house where the tests werc carried out. By this

abrupt ending of the tests we are not able to say

anything about the suitability of the three last

mentioned Amaryllidaceae as food plants for

this tortricid. However, by the host acceptance,

shown by the oviposition behaviour, the full de-

velopment of the larvae on Narcissus and the

initial development of the first instar larvae on

Hippeastrum, Hymenocallis and Sprekelia, it is

suggested that the tortricid in question is poly-

phagous.

THE INSECT

A preliminary study by the first author of the

bred material of the insect revealed that the sur-

mise of its origin must be correct, for it could at

once be identified as a member of the large Epi-

choristodes Diakonoff group of the Archipini (a

tribe of the subfamily Tortricinae), that is en-

demic to the Afrotropical Region and Madagas-

car, a group widely distributed by several, rath-

er uniform, closely interrelated and often exten-

sive genera (Diakonoff, 1960). The present

species, however, proved to belong to an appar-

ently undescribed distinct genus and species.

In order to corroborate this preliminary iden-

tification, the third author of this paper under-

took the comparison of our material with the

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 10, 1984 (1985)

authentic Southern African material in the

Transvaal Museum at Pretoria. Judging from

external characters, it appeared that the present

species resembled “Epichorista” geraeas Mey-

rick closely, but internally differed entirely by

the genital characters and especially the wing

neuration, an important criterion, as will be ex-

plained in the description below. Besides, he

was fortunate to find in the Transvaal Museum

collection several male and female specimens of

a quite similarly looking, but unnamed species,

that showed to be identical with our material of

the Nerine pest, proving indeed that it is a na-

tive of Southern Africa. After having received

this information, the first author could proceed

with the description of the new genus and spe-

cies.

Phlebozemia Diakonoff gen. nov.

(phéy = vein, Enu6 = loss)

Male. — Head with appressed scales, a dense

pointed tuft on face. Ocellus small, posterior.

Haustellum short, in rest concealed between

palpi. Antenna moderately thickened in male,

ciliations 1. Palpus rather long, moderately sin-

uate, oblong-triangular, closely appressed to

face and frontal tuft, with short, appressed

scales, terminal segment short, subobtuse. Tho-

rax without a crest. Abdomen long. Posterior

tibia simple, smooth.

Fore wing rather long, narrow, oblong-sub-

lanceolate, costa broadly curved along anterior

half, slightly sinuate, actually concave posteri-

orly, apex pointed, termen gently sinuate,

strongly oblique. Vein 1b furcate at base, thence

running halfway between cell and dorsum, 2

from middle of lower edge of cell, 3 from angle,

4 absent, 3, 5 and 6 parallel and equidistant, M

free, to termen below apex or to apex, 7 and 8°

moderately approximated at base or short-

stalked, 11 from slightly before middle of cell,

chorda absent.

Hind wing trapezoidal, 1/4, rather pointed,

without a cubital pecten. Veins A1—A3 all dis-

tinct, 2 from % of cell, 3 from angle, 4 absent, 5

slightly approximated at base, 6 and 7 stalked.

Female. — Haustellum apparently longer, not"

altogether concealed. Antenna simple. Palpus

longer, less pointed. Wings slightly broader.

Abdomen similarly long. Otherwise as male.

Male genitalia. Of the usual and characteristic »

type of Afrotropical Archipini, resembling

') Hymenocallis (X) cv. “Festalis” Hort. (common name /smene festalis) is a hybrid of Hymenocallis narcissi-

flora (von Jacquin) Macbride (X) Elisena longipetala Herbert (Anonymous, 1975).

DIAKONOFF, ULENBERG & VARI: A tortricid of Nerine 227

cat DON, Ae

£ ) WE

== \Z A

Fig. 1. Phlebozemia sandrinae g. & sp. n., sketch of head and wing neuration.

those of Epichoristodes Diakonoff. Tegumen

moderate, rather conical. Uncus long, little

shorter than tegumen, with narrow base, grad-

ually dilated, top truncate, hardly emarginate.

Socius moderate, oblong, narrowed, shorter

than arm of tegumen. Gnathos robust, sclerotic,

arms with dilated bases, hooks strong, moder-

ately long. Vinculum triangular, sclerotic but

slender. Transtilla narrow, straight, dilated

laterally. Labis moderate, crown-shaped, spiny,

little sclerotic. Valva small, hyaline, with an un-

usually robust and darkly sclerotic basal edge,

swollen, constricted below middle; pulvinus

proper hyaline, small, with short hairs; sacculus

sclerotic, dilated and rounded-prominent in

middle; inner rim darkly sclerotic. Aedeagus

gradually curved, flattened dorso-ventrally at

top; cornutus one, a straight and long, slender

spine.

Female genitalia. Lobus analis oblong and

slender, triangularly dilated towards top. Ninth

segment darkly sclerotic. Apophyses slender

and long, postapophyses very long, hyaline,

basal furca unusually long. Sterigma transverse-

ly oval, moderate, highly sclerotic, with an oval

large central orifice, lower rim darkly sclerotic

throughout.

Colliculum short, cup-shaped, slight lateral

structures above end. Ductus bursae hyaline

above, simple throughout, ductus bullae from

end of hyaline part, corpus bullae moderate.

Corpus bursae simple, without signa.

Type-species: Phlebozemia sandrinae spec.

nov.

An interesting novel form, externally rather

similar to Epichoristodes Diakonoff, 1960, but at

once recognisable by the absence of vein 4 in

both fore and hind wings. The superficially very

similar “Epichorista” geraeas Meyrick differs

besides, by shorter labial palpi with especially

the terminal segment being shorter, more point-

ed and drooping; furthermore, by small, almost

parietal socii and by an intricate combination of

diversely shaped cornuti, while P. sandrinae has

only one simple cornutus, etc.

The genus belongs to the tribe Archipini and,

within it, it may be placed into the large Epicho-

ristodes Diakonoff group of genera, with the

following synapomorphies.

Valva semioval, submembraneous, with radial

wrinkles, a sclerotic sacculus, slender or dilated

in middle; dorsal edge of valva more or less scle-

rotic, with labis. Transtilla narrow. Sterigma

with a large, transversely-oval ostium and a

moderate, sclerotic colliculum.

The genus Phlebozemia has the following

autapomorphies: The loss of vein 4 in both the

fore and hind wing, strongly sclerotic entire

basal edge of valva (with a crown-shaped, den-

tate labis). Strongly sclerotic, in middle well di-

lated sacculus, and a short, semioval disc of val-

va. Gradually curved aedeagus. Ductus bursae

with a short, cup-shaped colliculum, below this

hyaline for a stretch. Absence of signum

When compared with Epichoristodes, espe-

cially the neuration, but also the unusually ex-

tended sclerotization of the basal edge of the

valva are distinct autapomorphies of the genus

228 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 10, 1984 (1985)

Je £

- _

| _

- _

ll.

;

Figs. 2,3. P. sandrinae g. & sp. n. 2, adult male; 3, adult female.

DIAKONOFF, ULENBERG & VARI: A tortricid of Nerine 229

Figs. 4—6. P. sandrinae g. & sp. n. 4, male genitalia; 5, aedeagus; 6, general aspect of the genitalia, less magni-

fied.

Phlebozemia; these two characters support one

another as RE emorphies in a conspicuous

way. On the other hand, the crown-shaped

large labis, that is small and mostly rod-like in

Epichoristodes, is a less trustworthy character,

occurring in diverse stages of development in

several groups of genera; it might be a parallel-

ism.

Phlebozemia sandrinae spec. nov.

(figs. 1—18)

Male. — Wing span 18 mm. Head brownish-

fuscous, antenna fuscous, scape dark brown.

Palpus grey-fuscous with lower half throughout

white, tinged cinereous, with well-defined edge,

terminal segment pale ochreous with fuscous

base. Thorax ochreous touched with olive or

grey, anteriorly suffused with brown, tegula

with basal half brown. Abdomen glossy cine-

reous.

Fore wing rather long and narrow, costa

broadly curved along basal half, almost straight

posteriorly, apex subacute, appearing rather

pointed, termen rather sinuate, strongly

oblique. Light ochreous, with a strong silky

gloss, unicolorous except for narrow streaks of

dark brown dusting along upper and lower

edges of cell, along all terminal veins, along vein

2 only from end of cell to wing margin and,

hardly visible, along vein 1b; a faint blackish

point on base of vein 5. Cilia glossy pale och-

reous. Hind wing rather glossy anthracite-

blackish, paler towards dorsum, darker towards

apex. Cilia pale ochreous, grey along anterior

half of termen and along dorsum, throughout

with a blackish-grey narrow basal band.

Female. — Wing span 20 mm. Palpus rather

dusted with dark grey, base white. Head and

thorax darker, bronze-tinged. Darker bronze-

tawny, densely dusted with blackish-brown

along upper half of wing as far as lower edge of

cell, and narrowly along terminal veins; addi-

tional darkish dusting over dorsal third of wing;

a darker brown vertical mark along lower half

230

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 10, 1984 (1985)

Figs. 7, 8. P. sandrinae g. & sp. n. 7, female genitalia, ovipositor and sterigma; 8, bursa copulatrix.

of discoidal vein. Cilia glossy pale ochreous, in

tornus and along dorsum glossy cinereous.

Hind wing light anthracite-grey with a silky

gloss and narrowly black veins; apical third of

wing tinged darker fuscous. Cilia sordid pale

ochreous, with a narrow pale grey basal band.

Reared from larvae in bulbs, stalks and leaves

of Nerine bowdeni Watson, Wageningen, 15—

20.x11.1983 (Plantenziektenkundige Dienst, S.

A. Ulenberg), d holotype, genit. slide 10640, 9

allotype genit. slide 10641, 14 d, 6 ®, paratypes

(with 2 larvae and 8 pupae).

Southern Africa, Natal, Rietvlei, 1918 (leg.

Otto), genit. slide 4584, 1 d. Transvaal, Preto-

ria, 11.11.10 (A. J. T. Janse), genit. slide 4677.

Pretoria North, 20.11.1917 (C. J. Swierstra),

genit. slide 10716, 1 d. Natal, Karkloof,

221.117 (AJ Janse) lc well paratypes, in

the Transvaal Museum, with hind wings paler,

brownish instead of greyish, but otherwise

quite similar.

The holo- and allotype with several paratypes

will be deposited at the RMNH, Leiden; other

paratypes 7 d,3 ® (with 2 larvae and 8 pupae),

in the collection of the Plantenziektenkundige

Dienst at Wageningen, and 5 d, 2 2 in the

Transvaal Museum, Pretoria.

The following material of “Epichorista” ge-

raeas Meyrick, from the Transvaal Museum, has

been compared: holotype: /40 51/Pretoria

2.10.°07 A. J. T. Janse/G 10759/Epichorista ge-

raeas M type no. 1051/(male). — Pretoria

15.11.11 A. J. T. Janse/G 10760/Epichorista ge-

raeas M./.d. — Pretoria, 15.x.’17, A. J. T. Jan-

se, 1 à.

Larva

(figs. 9—13)

Length 13 mm. Head hypognathous. Stem-

mata developed. Adfrontals not reaching vertex.

Spinneret robust, thick-walled. Frontal seta one,

rather shifted mesad. Fronto-lateral (adfrontal)

setae two. Clypeal setae two: CI, shifted mesad

and dorsad, Cl, marginal. Anterior seta one,

minute. Lateral seta L, distinct. Posterior setae

two, P, small, approximated, dorsad and slight-

ly laterad of P,. Vertical setae not traceable.

Body elongate, integument finely spinulose,

DIAKONOFF, ULENBERG & VARI: À tortricid of Nerine 231

A6 A8

Figs. 9—13. P. sandrinae g. & sp. n., larva. 9, lateral aspect; 10, third abdominal segment, ventral aspect; 11,

chaetogram of head; 12, chaetogram of body; 13, the same of anal segment (measure, fig. 9: 1 mm, fig. 10: 0.5

mm).

232

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 10, 1984 (1985)

Figs. 14—18. P. sandrinae g. & sp. n., pupa. 14, ventral aspect; 15, lateral aspect; 16, cremaster, strongly magni-

fied, ventro-lateral aspect; 17, end of female abdomen and cremaster, strongly magnified, ventral aspect; 18, ab-

dominal tergite in lateral aspect, with bands of crochets (measure = 1 mm).

secondary setae not perceptible. Spiracula

rounded-oval, that of prothorax larger, that of

segment 8 enlarged, circular, of segment 9 ab-

sent. Setal pinnacula large, mostly round and

well-defined. Prothorax with prespiracular L

group of setae trisetose, on one pinnaculum, L,

larger than others, L, proterodorsal of 2; SV,

and SV, on one pinnaculum, D, proterodorso-

rostral of D,, SD, and SD, on one pinnaculum;

L, and L, on one pinnaculum, arranged almost

horizontally, L; on separate pinnaculum, SV

group 2- or 3-setose.

Abdominal segments with right and left D,

8. SV, hardly postspiracular on segment 1, exac-

tly above spiraculum on segment 2, on segments |

3—7 slightly prospiracular, on 8 entirely before

spiraculum. SV, very small on segments 4—8,,

on others not traceable; segment 10 with four

pairs of setae on dark warts, arranged as in fig.

DIAKONOFF, ULENBERG & VARI: A tortricid of Nerine 233

Figs. 19—21. Injury of Nerine bowdenii plants by Phlebozemia sandrinae. 19, a bulb with damaged shoot; 20,

damaged stalks; 21, split stem, showing boring gallery with a mature pupa, partly protruding for the emergence

of the moth. (Phot. of Laboratorium voor Bloembollenonderzoek, Lisse.)

234 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 10, 1984 (1985)

13. Anal fork present. Prolegs normally devel-

oped, crochets 43—48, uniserial, long and short

alternating, on abdominal pseudopods (fig. 10);

half a circle of the same kind of alternating cro-

chets on the anal pseudopods. |

Pupa

(figs. 14—18)

Length 10 mm. Dark brown. Haustellum

short and thick, not reaching to middle of an-

tennae. Labial palpi short. Antenna to just be-

yond midway between tips of mid- and hind

legs, about 5/6 of length of fore wings. Hind

legs just beyond fore wing tips. Abdominal seg-

ments with a double row of longitudinal ribs,

each ending posteriorly in a short spine: a sub-

marginal row of longer ribs and a postmedian

row of slightly shorter ribs (fig. 18). Cremaster

strongly sclerotic, thick, bent and concave ven-

trally, with six strong terminal spikes, lateral

largest and projecting (figs. 16, 17).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We like to thank Mr. A. van Frankenhuyzen,

Plantenziektenkundige Dienst, Wageningen, for

performing the rearing tests, Mr. P. Muller,

Laboratorium voor Bloembollenonderzoek,

Lisse and G. van Brenk, Vakgroep Tuinbouw-

plantenteelt, Landbouwhogeschool, Wagenin-

gen, for providing the plant material for these

experiments. Mr. A. S. J. Noordijk, Planten-

ziektenkundige Dienst, Wageningen, made

most drawings.

REFERENCES

Anonymous, 1975. Classified list and international

berous-rooted plants. — Koninklijke Algemene

Vereniging voor Bloembollenonderzoek, Hille-

gom, Holland: 1—277.

Brenk, G. van, 1980. Historie, groei en bloei van Ne-

rine bowdenii (1). — Vakblad voor de Bloemisterij

21: 3841.

Diakonoff, A., 1960. Tortricidae from Madagascar

(1). — Verh. K. ned. Akad. Wet., Nat. (2) 53 (1):

1—209, figs. 1—90, pls 1—40.

Ft)

15 50

| DEEL 127 AFLEVERING 11 1984

TIJDSCHRIFT

_ VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE

UITGEGEVEN DOOR

_ DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING

INHOUD

_ P. OOSTERBROEK. — The Nephrotoma species of Japan (Diptera, Tipulidae), pp.

235—278, figs. 1—134.

bi Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, deel 127, afl. 11 i Gepubliceerd 14-VI-1985

THE NEPHROTOMA SPECIES OF JAPAN

(DIPTERA, TIPULIDAE)

PJOTR OOSTERBROEK

Instituut voor Taxonomische Zoölogie (Zoölogisch Museum), Plantage Middenlaan 64, Amsterdam

ABSTRACT

Thirty-five Japanese species and subspecies of Nephrotoma are discussed. Five taxa, leeu-

weni, vana vana, vana nigrovana, pallida, and medioflava, are new. Type-material was ex-

amined of all species and their synonyms, except two. Eight new synonyms are proposed. A

key to the species is presented. The distribution of the species and subspecies is summa-

rized. The total number of species on the main Japanese islands is: Hokkaido 21, Honshu

28, Shikoku and Kyushu 14. Eleven species are endemic to Japan, another four to Japan and

the Kurile Islands.

CONTENTS

Ole 253

HP rEuns Nephrotoma... 236

| caso AIN NEN 236

EE a. Peel. 240

Re SES n so 240

ME species groups JUL. lc... VE EE 243

EEEN ne li fe clin 243

ET EU... et 247

EEEN Ee 1.22 251

EEE en ee ie eee 256

EO e ee 261

LIED Deen ne 265

ER EL DE SN RSI REEL RE 267

A RE 267

Ras ROUND lan. ard de nlt 270

LOT En 244

AEN SE 274

ET EE 274

mn... 0... .... 274

Ebens 276

INTRODUCTION

The Japanese species of Nephrotoma Meigen,

1803, are revised as part of a revision of the Ho-

larctic members of the genus (Oosterbroek,

1978— 1980, 1984; Tangelder, 1983, 1984).

With 35 species and subspecies, Nephrotoma is

the largest tipulid genus in Japan (table 1).

Five taxa are described here for the first time,

in addition to the three new species described

_by Tangelder (1984). The sequence in which the

species are discussed and their distribution is

given in table 3. A number of species are treated

in detail elsewhere (Oosterbroek, 1978—1980:

western Palaearctic species; Tangelder, 1984:

Table 1. Palaearctic (sub)genera of Tipulidae known

from Japan (number of Japanese species in brackets,

after Theowald & Oosterbroek, 1985).

Dolichopeza (Dolichopeza) (2)

Dolichopeza (Nesopeza) (5)

Dolichopeza (Oropeza) (5)

Macgregoromyia (4)

Leptotarsus (Longurio) (2)

Holorusia (2)

Nephrotoma (35)

Tipula (Acutipula) (7)

Tipula (Arctotipula) (1)

Tipula (Dendrotipula) (3)

Tipula (Emodotipula) (1)

Tipula (Indotipula) (4)

Tipula (Lunatipula) (8)

Tipula (Nippotipula) (1)

Tipula (Platytipula) (16)

Tipula (Pterelachisus) (19)

Tipula (Savtshenkia) (3)

Tipula (Schummelia) (2)

Tipula (Sinotipula) (1)

Tipula (Tipula) (1)

Tipula (Tipulodina) (2)

Tipula (Trichotipula) (1)

Tipula (Vestiplex) (6)

Tipula (Yamatotipula) . (15)

Tipula, subg. uncertain (20)

Ctenophora (Cnemoncosis) (4)

Ctenophora (Ctenophora) (4)

Dictenidia (3)

Phoroctenia (1)

Pselliophora (3)

Tanyptera (Protanyptera) (4)

Tanyptera (Tanyptera) (2)

Tanyptera, subg. uncertain (1)

(188)

236 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 11, 1984 (1985)

Table 2. Palaearctic (sub)genera of Tipulidae not

known from Japan (number of Palaearctic species in

brackets, after Theowald & Oosterbroek, 1985).

Dolichopeza (Sineropeza) (1)

Prionocera (15)

Nigrotipula (2)

Tipula (Angarotipula) (4)

Tipula (Beringotipula) (2)

Tipula (Brithura) (6)

Tipula (Formotipula) (9)

Tipula (Lindnerina) (6)

Tipula (Mediotipula) (12)

Tipula (Odonatisca) (7)

Tipula (Triplicitipula) (4)

Ctenophora (Xiphuromorpha) (1)

species of the dorsalis group) and are only briet-

ly dealt with here.

The total number of Tipulidae known to oc-

cur in Japan is 188. They belong to 31 of the in

total 43 Palaearctic (sub)genera (tables 1 and 2).

It is estimated that the total number of Japanese

Tipulidae lies around 230. A historic review on

the study of the Japanese tipulids is given by Al-

exander (1953b). Catalogues are published by

Masaki (1933a) and Ishida (1955—1961, 1965).

About half the Japanese species of Nephrotoma

are treated in detail, based on material exam-

ined, in Savchenko’s revision of the Palaearctic

Tipulidae (part 5, 1973, in Russian, under the

now suppressed name Pales Meigen, 1800).

THE GENUS NEPHROTOMA

Nephrotoma is a large genus, with at present

over 400 recognized species and subspecies. It

has a world-wide distribution but is especially

rich in species in the Holarctic, Oriental and

Afrotropical Regions (Oosterbroek & Schuck-

ard, 1976).

The species of Nephrotoma can be found in

many different landscapes of the world (pine-,

deciduous-, mixed-, rain- and monsoon-forests,

meadows, steppes, savannas and even tundras as

far north as 82°30’), but in general they prefer

the temperate climates, which allow the devel-

opment of deciduous forests and where edges of

woods, meadows and banks of streams form the

most favourable habitats.

The larvae are usually found in soils rich in

humus. In some species they gnaw at the roots

of cultivated plants, now and then causing dam-

age to oats, rye, sugarbeets, flax, cabbage and

coniferous seedlings. For northern Japan dam-

age to sugarbeets by larvae of minuticornis (lo-

cally known as the Ao-hoso-gaganbo, sugarbeet

crane-fly) is reported by Kuwayama (1926) and

Shiraki (1952), though considered by Alexander

(1953d) of minor economic importance.

Very few information is available about the

biology of the species. Masaki (1933b) dis-

cusses, under the name virgata, the biology and

all life stages of a species of the dorsalis group.

For a few species more detailed information is

available from the continent (Oosterbroek,

Schuckard & Theowald, 1976; Oosterbroek,

1978—1980; Savchenko, 1973).

CHARACTERS

(figs. 1—5)

Nephrotoma specimens are usually yellow

with dark yellow to black markings on head,

thorax and abdomen. Very characteristic are the

three broad longitudinal stripes on scutum one

and the two such stripes on scutum two. A few

species are almost entirely yellow, in others the

yellow ground-colour is almost or completely

superseded by dark brown or black. .

Apart from coloration, Nephrotoma is char-

acterized by the wing venation (fig. 2): vein Rs

is very short and vein CUAI, or, if present,

cross-vein m-cu, meets vein M before or at the

anterior corner of the discal cell.

Especially the male copulatory organs (fig. 3)

provide important characters for the identifica-

tion of species and for phylogenetic analysis.

Most of the characters necessary to identify spe-

cies are visible from the outside. The female ovi-

positor (figs. 4, 5) also possesses many charac-

ters and in some instances they are the only reli-

able clue to separate females of closely related

species. However, in dry specimens most of the

ovipository characters can not be examined.

During copulation the female hypovalvae en-

ter the dorsal part of the hypopygium. They are

kept in position by the embrace of the inner and

outer dististyles and the ventrally excavated ex-

tension of the ninth tergite. The cerci of the fe-

male remain outside the hypopygium, but close-

ly adjusted to the ninth and/or eighth sternites

of the male. Depending on the species groups,

these sternites show a great variety of shapes,

hair- or bristle-tufts, and appendages to guide

the cerci. The same applies to the extension of

the male tergite nine and the inner and outer

dististyles with respect to the hypovalvae. Apart

from guiding, practically all the external copula-

tory organs are equiped with sensory spines,

bristles, bristle-like hairs, etc.

The fused valvulae and the furca are two scle-

rotized plates situated between the cerci and the

Table 3. List of species of Nephrotoma with their synonyms and distribution.

gelder, 1984.

Species groups

cornicina

parvirostra

fuscescens

analis

palloris

crocata

brevipennis

stylacantha

repanda

virgata

dorsalis

Species

aculeata

(a. atricauda)

cornicina

esakii

saghaliensis

subpallida

daisensis

flammeola

parvirostra

(serristyla)

(immemorata)

contrasta

flavonota

fuscescens

(zyoensis)

(akitae)

leeuweni

ozenumensis

vana vana

vana nigrovana

pullata

(hokkaidensis)

(mannheimsi)

stygia

bifusca

geminata

pallida

palloris

(autumnalıs)

neopratensis

hirsuticauda

medioflava

repanda

(grahamiana)

Virgata

(decrepita)

(japonica)

electripennis

nigricauda

minuticornis

sachalina

difficilis

angustistria

cirrata

gaganboi

microcera

OOSTERBROEK: Nephrotoma of Japan

+++++ +++ + + + + + Type-mat. examined

+++++t+t+t+t++++++++++++++

New synonymy

Hokkaido

+ | Honshu

+ + +

+++ + + + +

+++ +++

+ + +

+ + Shikoku

+ + +

Kyushu

Tsushima

S Japanese islands

Sado

23%

= types examined by Tan-

+ | West Palaearctic

+++

+ | Amurobl. + Khabar. kr.

+ | Sakhalin + Moneron

+++

Kurile islands

+ | Northeast China + Korea

+++

+ | South Primorye

Fast China

Southwest China

21628514 142727356

238 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 11, 1984 (1985)

scutum 1

vertex paratergite | basalare

occipital marking | prescutum transverse suture

frontal tubercle | | pronotum scutum 2

=——=—N parascutellum

\ ray, scutellum

i | mediotergite

vert A Lo

anatergite

dese 9 aude 7 7 katatergite

segment 1 2 LA ii (= halter

pedicel > anepisternum

scape A È ® anepimeron

frons A A A abd. tergite 1

rostrum 4

=== katepisternum

=" SE

nasus NZ les 1 ke => meron

| coxa 3

1 À palp [4 coxa 2

CHSCUR DI Pterostigma

compressor apodeme outer dististyle

crest of id

inner dististyle

lateral . |

projection of id

gonapophysis

of adminiculum

basistyle

9 ST

semen pump

caudo-lateral offshoot

lateral plate

medisternal appendage

intromittent membranous area of ST9

organ membrane-closed incision of ST8

3 midventral extension of antecosta of ST9

Fig. 1. Generalized drawing of head and thorax. Fig. 2. Wing of N. eucera; A, anal vein; C, costa; Cu, cubitus;

d, discal cell; M, medius; R, radius; Sc, subcosta. Fig. 3. Generalized drawing of hypopygium; id, inner distis-

tyle; ST, sternite; T, tergite. (Reproduced with kind permission from Tangelder, 1983, Beaufortia 33: 113)

OOSTERBROEK: Nephrotoma of Japan 239

4 spermathecae furca

minor ridge

major ridge

dorsal rim

dorsal part

of STE

or \10T

internal arch

cercus

infra-anal plate

coxopodite of 9T

fused valvulae

hypovalva

lateral bulge

lateral shell

spined area

rostral extension

internal shell

Figs. 4—5. Generalized drawing of ovipositor (fig. 4, lateral view) and hypovalvae (fig. 5, dorsal va) Sil

sternite; T, tergite. (Reproduced with kind permission from Tangelder, 1983, Beaufortia 33: 113)

hypovalvae. The opening of the bursa copu-

latrix is situated underneath the fused valvulae.

The position of the male intromittent organ is

„secured during copulation by the adminiculum

itself, and by its lateral appendages, the gonapo-

physes. The intromittent organ is usually a thin

tube, running from the semen pump in the di-

rection of the thorax and with a downward loop

back to the adminiculum. Its length varies from

about 2 mm to about 40 mm (in N. helvetica

with the intromittent organ spirally coiled in-

side the abdomen) and the part towards the ad-

miniculum can show various modifications (bi-

partite, tripartite, with a serrate membrane or a

robust spine), usually characteristic for the spe-

cies group.

240

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 11, 1984 (1985)

MATERIAL

This study is based on material preserved in

the following institutions and, except for ZMA,

received on loan:

ASL Academy of Sciences, Zoological

Insutute, Leningrad, USSR

BM(NH) British Museum (Natural Histo-

ry), London, Great Britain

IPSFK Institut für Pflanzenschutzfor-

schung Kleinmachnow, Ebers-

walde, East Germany

KU Kyushu University, Kyushu, Ja-

pan

KURU Kurume University, Kyushu, Ja-

pan

MAK Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut

und Museum Alexander Koenig,

Bonn, West Germany

RMNH Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke

Historie, Leiden, the Netherlands

UKaL University of Kansas, Lawrence,

USA

USNM United States National Museum,

Washington DC, USA

USNMA United States National Museum,

Washington DC, USA, C. P. Al-

exander collection

ZMA Instituut voor Taxonomische

Zoölogie (Zoölogisch Museum),

Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Practically all the material is preserved dry.

Drawings of the genital structures were made

after maceration in KOH and with the aid of a

drawing tube on a Wild microscope.

Different localities are separated in the text

by a semicolon (;), whereas additional informa-

tion about a locality is separated from it by a

comma.

KEY TO THE SPECIES

Lateral stripes on scutum 1 very broad,

reaching paratergite, and shining. Almost

entire thorax shining. Scutellum, medioter-

gite and lateral thorax chocolate brown to

dark brown with the membranous area be-

low paratergite and anterior half of katater-

gite yellowish. Abdominal segments 5—

8(9) blackened. Male with a peculiar shaped

appendage at sternite 8 (figs. 12, 16). Fe-

male with the cerci and hypovalvae very

shotten Bast se Hel Passito esakii

Not with the above combination of charac-

CLS EU RS ENS ETAM EE 0 2

. Male with a slender, posteriorly directed

appendage at sternite 8 (figs. 9—11). Poste-

rior margin of outer dististyle in part scle-

rotized (figs. 10, 11). Female cerci pointed

(ese id ete RA 3

Male without or with a differently shaped

appendage. Outer dististyle not sclerotized.

Female cerci ending blunt or cerci and hy-

povalvae very short (figs. 17, 51,53) ..... 5

WOutcurved anterior end of lereral stripe on

scutum 1 or mark below anterior end dull.

Medial appendage of male sternite 8 knob-

Shaped (frees RC PR EN cornicina

Outcurved anterior end of lateral stripe on

scutum 1 or mark below anterior end shin-

ing. Medial appendage of male sternite 8

very acute (fig. 10) or apically rounded and

Concave (tie. A)... RO 4

. Wing usually with numerous macrotrichia

in apical cells. Medial appendage of male

sternite 8 apically rounded and concave (fig.

9). Outer dististyle abbreviated (fig. 8). Fe-

male hypovalvae abbreviated (fig.

6) mens EE saghaliensis

Wing without or with few macrotrichia in

apical cells. Medial appendage of male ster-

nite 8 very acute (fig. 10). Outer dististyle

elongate (fig. 10). Female hypovalvae slen-

der, not abbreviated (fig. 7) ...... aculeata

. Mediotergite yellowish on anterior part, at

least in the middle (anterior part sometimes

transparent in minuticornis, characterized

by the straight lateral stripes on scutum 1

and the yellow antero-lateral corners of

SEULUMTSD) ELI LEE 6

Antero-medial part of mediotergite with a

brown to black longitudinal stripe or me-

diotergite (almost) entirely darkened ... 26

: Thorax entirely yellowish, including the

dorsal stripes. Lateral stripes on scutum 1

straight. Medisternal appendage elongate

and strongly hirsute (figs. 38, 41) flavonota

Thorax with at least the scutal stripes in

part light brown to black. Lateral stripes on

scutum 1 straight, straight with an isolated

spot below anterior end, or stripes anterior-

ly outcurved. Medisternal appendage other-

WASE ue ea RS ER 7

. Medial stripe on scutum 1 divided into two

by a narrow longitudinal line which is, es-

pecially on the anterior part, dull. Medial

and lateral stripes on scutum 1 narrowly

dull bordered where opposing each other.

Anterior end of lateral stripes outcurved

and dull. Lateral pronotum darkened on

dorsal part only. Inner dististyle with a

high, rectangular, dorsal crest (fig. 26).

10.

. Outer dististyle broad (fig. 77).....

OOSTERBROEK: Nephrotoma of Japan

Male sternite 8 with a cranially directed ap-

pemdase(ties: 25,28) mol... flammeola

Not with the above combination of charac-

. Lateral parts of mediotergite distinctly

darker coloured than antero-medial part.

Male sternite 8 unmodified ............. 9

Lateral parts of mediotergite concolorous

with anteromedial part, sometimes antero-

medial part more transparent. Hind margin

of male sternite 8 modified except in sub-

pallida 17

Anterior part of lateral stripes on scutum 1

outcurved and shining. Stripes on scutum 1

and 2 brownish, sometimes vague, rarely

partly dark brown. Dorsal surface of ab-

dominal tergite 1 brown with a, usually

large and transverse, yellow mark in the

middle. Inner dististyle with a low dorsal

BEES MOB) io oo medioflava

Lateral stripes on scutum 1 straight, with a,

usually isolated, dull spot below anterior

end. Scutal stripes usually at least partly

dark brown or black. Tergite 1 without yel-

low mark mid-dorsally. Inner dististyle

with a posterior crest (fig. 87) or without

ERA 80) eee, vane deus 10

Males (see also characteristics under pallo-

EBENE. en 11

Females (see also characteristics under pal-

Be unse. lee. 14

. Inner dististyle without crest (figs. 76, 80)

on oh ARE IZ

Inner dististyle with a posterior crest (fig.

BEEN bal due) roar. lle 13

. Posterior part of inner dististyle blackened

(fig. 80) bifusca

Posterior part of inner dististyle not black-

ee) geminata

palloris

Outer dististyle slender (fig. 84).... pallida

. Dorsal margin of sternite 8 distinctly up-

curved before reaching hypovalva (figs. 88,

91) bifusca

Dorsal margin of sternite 8 more or less

TO) oo 220.21 15

meere slender (fig: 89) … geminata

Mecerproad (fps 90). vern avon. 16

. Rostral extensions of hypovalvae broad

(fig. 93) palloris

Rostral extensions of hypovalvae narrower

(fig. 92) pallida

. Lateral thorax and coxae with large dark

brown to black markings. Cerci and hypo-

valvae shortened (figs. 51—54)......... 18

18.

(9:

20%

222

23).

24.

241

Lateral thorax and coxae yellowish, mark-

ings at most light brown. Cerci and hypo-

valvae not shortened 20

Posterior part of inner dististyle with a

large, blackened outgrowth (fig. 58). Fe-

male unknown leenweni

Posterior part of inner dististyle without a

blackened outgrowth (figs. 45, 49)...... 19

Dorsal margin of inner dististyle posteri-

orly upcurved (fig. 45). Extension of male

tergite 9 with the lateral margins of the me-

dial incision concave (fig. 44). Hypovalvae

with a small dorsal notch before apex (fig.

SD Map. Au des cent fuscescens

Inner dististyle dorsally more or less

straight (fig. 49). Medial incision with con-

vex lateral margins (fig. 48). Hypovalvae

without dorsal notch before apex (fig.

53) contrasta

Lateral stripes on scutum 1 straight or ante-

riorly outcurved and shining .......... 21

Lateral stripes on scutum 1 anteriorly out-

curved, the outcurved part dull 23

Antero-lateral corners of scutum 2 yellow

in front of stripes. Medial stripe on scutum

1 usually (narrowly) of lighter colour along

mid-line. Large species, male 13.5—16 mm,

female 17—21.5 mm minuticornis

Antero-lateral corners of scutum 2 with a

dull, dark brown to black seam bordering

anterior end of stripes. Medial stripe on

scutum 1 usually uniformly coloured.

Smaller species, male 10—15 mm, females

12—18 mm 22

Male sternite 8 with a triangular and lateral-

ly compressed medial appendage (fig. 32).

Crest of inner dististyle serrate (fig. 35).

Stripes on scutum 2 uniformly coloured.

Female cerci slender, hypovalvae broad (fig.

U NE LNE IE Bide ae parvirostra

Male sternite 8 deeply incised, the incision

lined with tufts of long yellow hairs (fig.

100). Crest of inner dististyle rounded (fig.

103). Stripes on scutum 2 of lighter colour

in the middle. Female cerci moderately

broad, hypovalvae moderately slender (fig.

101) hirsuticauda

Medial stripe on scutum 1 posteriorly dull

and prolonged to occupy the central part of

the transverse suture repanda

Medial stripe on scutum 1 posteriorly shin-

ing and not occupying transverse suture 24

Prescutum: dull between thoracic stripes.

Abdominal end not blackened. Male ster-

mite Samimoditted i) LME LAN. subpallida

242

25.

26.

28.

29:

30.

31;

32,

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 11, 1984 (1985)

Prescutum shining between thoracic stripes.

Abdominal end blackened. Male sternite 8

modified (figs. 121—124) 25

Scutum 2 dull between stripes. Male ster-

nite 8 deeply incised, lateral margins of the

incision convex and set with small black

spines (fies: 123 12A)e 22. 0% electripennis

Scutum 2 shining between stripes. Male

sternite 8 with distinctly prolonged lateral

corners, apically set with small black spines

(figs. 121, 122) nigricauda

Pterostigma inconspicuous, at most light

brown. Aue erh Hesse ar 27

Pterostigma distinct, brown to dark

brownien lech slut. tonni 28

Antennae with 11 segments in both sexes.

Prescutum shining between thoracic

stripes. Abdomen with more or less contin-

uous dark brown stripes dorsally, laterally

andiventrally rue. Sr. macrocera

Antennae 13-segmented in both sexes. Pre-

scutum dull between thoracic stripes. Ab-

domen usually with triangular dorsal mark-

ings, practically unmarked laterally and

ventrally virgata

Lateral thorax without dark brown mark-

ings. Prescutum shining between thoracic

stripes. Katatergite shining ............ 29

Lateral thorax with large brown to black

markings. Prescutum dull between thoracic

simpesiRatiteratedull nee ed. 33

Lateral stripes on scutum 1 anteriorly out-

curved and shining. Occipital marking

large, basally as broad as dorsal part of pro-

notum and with convex lateral margins ....

all eat diye iiaen ate gaganboi

Lateral stripes on scutum 1 straight. Occip-

ital marking shortly triangular, or narrow

and elongate 30

Antennae with 18—19 segments in the

male, 15—16 in the female. Caudal corners

of male sternite 8 strongly extended (fig.

120) sachalina

Antennae with 13 segments in both sexes.

Caudal corners of male sternite 8 other-

velden dannato der 31

Antero-lateral corners of scutum 2 brown-

ish. Occipital marking shortly triangular,

brown ac mere 45 mao cirrata

Antero-lateral corners of scutum 2 dark

brown to black. Occipital marking narrow

and elongate, dark brown (figs. 126,

127) eds nnd. uk: tune

Occipital marking more or less elongate tri-

angular (fig. 126). Medisternal appendage

35:

36.

of male sternite 9 directed ventrally (figs.

130, 131). Female cerci rather short and

broad (fig. 128)....... te aie Aled difficilis

Occipital marking a narrow stripe or spot

(fig. 127). Medisternal appendage of male

sternite 9 directed caudally (fig. 132). Fe-

male cerci long and slender (fig.

129) angustistria

Lateral stripes on scutum 1 with a large and

shining, outcurved anterior end. Occipital

marking in front narrowly in contact with

spots along eye-margin (fig. 21). Inner dis-

tistyle with a serrate crest (fig. 23). Male

sternite 8 with an elongate, cranially di-

rected appendage (fig. 22) daisensis

Lateral stripes of scutum 1 straight, or ante-

riorly outcurved and dull. Occipital mark-

ing otherwise. Inner dististyle and male

sternite 8 otherwise 34

Lateral stripes on scutum 1 anteriorly out-

curved and dull. Extension of male tergite 9

consisting of two shells (figs. 61, 67) .... 35

Lateral stripes on scutum 1 straight or

weakly outcurved. Extension of male ter-

gite 9 protruding (figs. 72, 99) 37

Thorax almost entirely darkened with the

scutal stripes broadly in contact with each

other or area between stripes more or less

concolorous with the stripes (not dusted

grey as in neopratensis). Tergites 2—4 with

broadly triangular, transverse markings

along hind margins, segments 5—8 black-

enedh ee vana nigrovana

Thorax yellow between stripes and laterally

yellow with large dark brown to black

markings. Tergites 2—5 (6) usually with

. elongate markings which are more triangu-

lar towards hind margin, segments 6—7 (8)

blackened Jdss. ge ee 36

Outer dististyle sinuate with the apical part

very slender and elongate (fig. 65) (see

also under characteristics of vana, p.

256) ozenumensis

Outer dististyle less sinuate (fig. 63) (see al-

so under characteristics of vana, p.

256) vana vana

Occipital marking laterally broadly in con-

tact with the eyes. Dorsal thorax yellow be-

tween stripes. Male sternite 8 without ap-

perndagezal ya PR El pullata

Occipital marking not contacting the eyes.

Dorsal thorax heavily dusted grey between

and laterad of stripes. Male sternite 8 with a

triangular appendage (figs. 96, 98)

neopratensis

OOSTERBROEK: Nephrotoma of Japan 243

THE CORNICINA GROUP

Nephrotoma aculeata (Loew, 1871)

(figs. 7, 10)

Pachyrhina aculeata Loew, 1871: 20—22.

Nephrotoma aculeata; Oosterbroek, 1978: 61—68

(species revision).

Nephrotoma aculeata atricauda Alexander, 1924: 599.

Material examined. — From Japan: 16,

Honshu, Nagano, 3.vii.1943 (USNMA).

Characteristics. — N. aculeata belongs to the

cornicina subgroup (Oosterbroek, 1980), the

species of which possess a mid-posterior ap-

pendage on the semen pump (Oosterbroek,

1980, fig. 18), have the outer dististyle partly

sclerotized (figs. 10, 11), and the male sternite 8

with an elongate appendage, very slender and

acute in aculeata (fig. 10), and the female cerci

pointed (figs. 6, 7). N. aculeata is closely related

to N. tenuipes (not Japanese), saghaliensis and

cornicina. In cornicina the outcurved anterior

part of the lateral scutum one stripe is dull, in

the other three species it is shining and in acu-

leata usually isolated from the stripe. Moreover,

tenuipes and usually also saghaliensis possess

numerous macrotrichia in the apical wingcells.

N. saghaliensis is furthermore characterized by

the small occipital marking, the peculiar shaped

appendage of the male sternite 8 (fig. 9), the

short outer dististyle (fig. 8), and the abbre-

viated hypovalvae (fig. 6), whereas the other

three species possess more elongate hypovalvae

(fig. 7).

Distribution and period of flight. — N. acu-

leata is distributed throughout the Palaearctic

from the British Isles to Sakhalin and Kamchat-

ka. Adults are on the wing from early June to

early September. During this study only 14

from Japan, Honshu, was examined (see below).

Discussion. — The type-material of aculeata

atricauda Alexander, 1924 (18 holotype, 14

12 paratype, all from Sakhalin, Toyohara =

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk) was examined by the pre-

sent author in 1982 (USNMA). This has con-

firmed the opinion of Savchenko (1973: 132)

that atricauda should not be considered a sepa-

rate subspecies because all the characters men-

tioned by Alexander fall within the variability

of aculeata. The species is reported by Ishida

(1965) from Hokkaido, Honshu and Shikoku

under the name aculeata atricauda. In spite of

the fact that during this study many Nephroto-

ma material from these islands was examined,

only one aculeata male from Honshu was

found. For the moment, therefore, it remains

questionable whether the species occurs on

Hokkaido and Shikoku as well.

Nephrotoma cornicina (Linnaeus, 1758)

(fig. 11)

Tipula cornicina Linnaeus, 1758: 586.

Nephrotoma cornicina; Oosterbroek, 1978: 100—109

(species revision).

Material examined. — From Japan: 136 189,

Hokkaido; 238 239, Honshu; 39, Shikoku;

78 139, Kyushu and 16, Tsushima.

Characteristics. — See under aculeata, male

hypopygium as in fig. 11.

Distribution and period of flight. — Wide-

spread throughout the Palaearctic from the Brit-

ish Isles and Spain to Sakhalin and the islands

bordering Kamchatka, in China as far South as

Shanghai. Known from the Japanese islands

Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku (Tokushima;

Ehime), Kyushu and Tsushima. The period of

flight in Japan is from mid-May until the end of

August.

Nephrotoma esakii Alexander, 1924

(figs. 12—16)

Nephrotoma esaku Alexander, 1924: 596, 597. Alex-

ander, 1925c: 4. Masaki, 1933a: 91. Alexander,

1935b: 226. Alexander, 1953c: 147, 148. Ishida,

1955: 121. Savchenko, 1970: 121.

Pales esaku; Savchenko & Krivolutzkaya, 1966: 46,

56. Savchenko, 1973: 121, 122.

Material examined. — Holotype 2, in good

condition, labelled “Kamio toineppu, Hokkaido

viii-25-1922 Teiso Esaki” “Holotype Nephroto-

ma esaki Alex.” (USNMA); other material:

12> Kunzile (Kunaskin); 316) 222 Sado; 1er 19,

Hokkaido (Sapporo); 236 159, Honshu; 2d

22, Kyushu (Kumamota; Oita); 16 19, Shiko-

ku (without locality).

Characteristics. — Belongs to the cornicina

subgroup (semen pump with a midposterior ap-

pendage, outer dististyle partly sclerotized, hind

margin of male sternite 8 with a midventral ap-

pendage). N. esakii can easily be recognized by

coloration (see key), the males by the peculiar

shaped midventral appendage of sternite 8 (figs.

12, 16), and the females by the very short ovipo-

sitor (fig. 13). The extension of the male tergite

9 possesses a few spines only (fig. 15) and the

crest of the inner dististyle is narrow (fig. 14).

Distribution and period of flight. — Known

from the islands Kunashir, Sado, Hokkaido,

244 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 11, 1984 (1985)

Fig. 6. Ovipositor of N. saghaliensis, lateral view. Fig. 7. Ovipositor ot N. aculeata, lateral view. Fig. 8. Left

outer dististyle of N. saghaliensis, from outside. Fig. 9. Medial appendage of male sternite 8 of N. saghaliensis.

Fig. 10. Hypopygium of N. aculeata, lateral view. Fig. 11. Hypopygium of N. cornicina, lateral view.

OOSTERBROEK: Nephrotoma of Japan 245

13 16

Figs. 12—16. N. esakii. Fig. 12. Hypopygium, lateral view. Fig. 13. Ovipositor, lateral view. Fig. 14. Left inner

» dististyle, from outside. Fig. 15. Extension of male tergite 9, dorsal view. Fig. 16. Medial appendage of male

sternite 8, ventral view.

246 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 11, 1984 (1985)

Honshu, Kyushu and Shikoku. The species is

frequently reported from altitudes up to 1300

m. The period of flight is from the beginning of

July to mid-September.

Nephrotoma saghaliensis Alexander, 1925

(fig. 6, 8, 9)

Nephrotoma saghaliensis Alexander, 1925a: 447, 448.

Alexander, 1927: 10. Alexander, 1931: 339. Masa-

ki, 1933a: 91. Ishida, 1955: 123. Savchenko, 1970:

121.

Pales saghaliensis; Savchenko & Krivolutzkaya; 1966:

47, 56. Savchenko, 1973: 133, 134.

Material examined. — Holotype à, in good

condition, one wing on slide 2473, specimen la-

belled “Toyohara Karafuto Japan vili-29-1921

S. Kuwayana” “Holotype Nephrotoma sagha-

liensis C. P. Alexander” (USNMA; the type-lo-

cality Toyohara = Yuhzno-Sakhalinsk); para-

type d, wing on slide 2473, from Honshu, Yu-

moto, 5820’, 23.v1.1923 (USNMA); other

material: 38 19, Kamchatka (Dalny); 16 19,

Sakhalin (Nakano); 16, Kunashir; 16, Shiko-

tan; 1d, Yuri (Isl. SW Shikotan); 26 19, Hok-

kaido (Iwama; Onpetsu; Sapporo); 126 139,

Honshu; 28 29, North Korea (Puksu Pyaksan

in Kankyo Nando, the second highest peak in

Korea, appr. 40° 40’ N 127° 45’ E).

Characteristics. — See under aculeata.

Distribution and period of flight. — N. sag-

haliensis is known from Kamchatka, Sakhalin,

Moneron, Iturup, Kunashir, Shikotan, Shibotsu,

Yuri, Hokkaido, Honshu, Amurskaya oblast

and North Korea. Recorded altitudes are up to

2000 m. The period of flight is from early July

until mid-September.

Nephrotoma subpallida Alexander, 1925

(figs. 17—20)

Nephrotoma subpallida Alexander, 1925b: 401, 402.

Masaki, 1933a: 92. Ishida, 1955: 124.

Pales subpallida; Savchenko, 1973: 163.

Material examined. — Holotype d, in good

condition, labelled “Mt Minomo Japan vi-22,

1922 T. Esaki” “Holotype Nephrotoma subpal-

lida C. P. Alexander” (USNMA; Mt Minomo is

on Honshu); paratypes: 16 19, labelled as the

holotype (6 with wing and parts of abdomen on

Figs. 17—20. N. subpallida. Fig. 17. Ovipositor, lateral view. Fig. 18. Left inner dististyle, from outside. Fig.

19. Hypopygium, lateral view. Fig. 20. Extension of male tergite 9, dorsal view.

OOSTERBROEK: Nephrotoma of Japan 247

slide 2535, USNMA); other material: 118 39,

Honshu; 26, Sado; 12, Shikoku (Betssiyama,

Ehime); 2d 22, Kyushu (Shiratoriyama, Ku-

mamoto; Chojabaru, Oita).

Characteristics. — N. subpallida can easily be

recognized by the characters mentioned in the

key. The female cerci are relatively broad and

short (fig. 17). The male intromittent organ has

the apical two-thirds trifid, a character known

from the flavescens subgroup of the cornicina

group only (Oosterbroek, 1980).

Distribution and period of flight. — The spe-

cies was known from Honshu only, but material

was examined now from Sado, Shikoku and

Kyushu as well. Adults were collected between

May 28 and August 3, with one record from

September 25.

THE PARVIROSTRA GROUP

Nephrotoma daisensis Alexander, 1935

(figs. 21—24)

Nephrotoma daisensis Alexander, 1935b: 236—238.

Alexander, 1953c: 145, 146. Ishida, 1955: 120,

121. Savchenko, 1981: 77.

Pales daisensis; Savchenko, 1973: 161, 162.

Material examined. — Holotype 2, in good

condition, labelled “Mt Daisen Tottori, Japan

800 met. vi-6, 30 Nibi” “Holotype Nephroto-

Figs. 21—24. N. daisensis. Fig. 21. Head, dorsal view. Fig. 22. Hypopygium, lateral view. Fig. 23. Left inner

dististyle, from outside. Fig. 24. Extension of male tergite 9, dorsal view.

248 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 11, 1984 (1985)

ma daisensis C. P. Alexander” (USNMA; Mt

Daisen is on Honshu); other material: 16 29,

Honshu (Rokushosan, Fukui; Kurokawa, Echi-

go); 1d, Tsushima (Mt Ariake); 19, South Ko-

rea (Central Nat. Forest, 18 mi NE Seoul). |

Characteristics. — The structures of the ex-

tension of the male tergite 9 (fig. 24) and the in-

ner dististyle (fig. 23) clearly show that the spe-

cies is closely related to parvirostra. The colora-

tion, however, is very different from the

yellowish parvirostra. The occipital marking is

large and of a characteristic shape (fig. 21), the

thorax ıs variegated with large dark brown to

black markings, the abdominal tergites 2—5

possess large triangular markings on the poste-

rior two-thirds and the segments 6—8 (9) are

blackened. The wings are brownish with espe-

cially in the females the apex broadly clouded.

Distribution and period of flight. — Known

from Honshu, Shikoku (Alexander, 1953c: Mt

Tsurugi), Tsushima, South Korea and southern

Primorye (Savchenko, 1981: Kedrova Pad). The

recorded period of flight is from May 9 to July

Nephrotoma flammeola Alexander, 1925

(figs. 25—28)

Nephrotoma flammeola Alexander, 1925b: 400, 401.

Masaki, 19332: 92. Ishida, 1955: 121. Savchenko,

1970: 121.

Pales flammeola; Savchenko & Krivolutzkaya, 1966:

46, 56. Savchenko, 1973: 160, 161.

Material examined. — Holotype d, in fair

condition, one wing and abdominal end on slide

2468, specimen labelled “Gifu, Japan v-25 1921

Takeuchi” “Holotype Nephrotoma flammeola

CG B Alexander” (USNM Ar Gios on

Honshu); other material: 1d 32, Hokkaido

(Soounkyo; Sapporo; Jozankei); 116 129,

Honshu; 16, Kyushu (Shiratoriyama, Kuma-

moto); 36 58, Shikoku: ld, SadoraZd 32,

South Korea (Central Nat. Forest, 18 mi NE

Seoul).

Characteristics. — As given in the key. Oc-

cipital marking small, triangular, dark brown to

almost absent. Between tubercle and eyes dark

brown spots. Transverse suture darkened, espe-

cially in the middle. Lateral thorax mainly yel-

low, anatergite and posterior half of katatergite

usually darkened. Hypopygial structures as in

figs. 25—28. The species apparently belongs to

the parvirostra group.

Distribution and period of flight. — The spe-

cies is known from South Korea, the Japanese

islands Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku

and Sado, and is reported by Savchenko from

Kunashir and southern Primorye. The species is

most abundant in July and August with a few

records from June and the first half of Septem-

ber. At altitudes up to 1500 m.

Nephrotoma parvirostra Alexander, 1924

(figs. 29— 35)

Nephrotoma parvirostra Alexander, 1924: 600, 601.

Masaki, 1933a: 92. Ishida, 1955: 123. Alexander,

1966: 120. Savchenko, 1970: 121.

Pales parvirostra; Zinovjev & Savchenko, 1962: 556,

557, 562—569. Savchenko & Krivolutzkaya,

1966: 46, 56.

Pales parvirostra parvirostra; Savchenko, 1973: 116,

117.

Nephrotoma immemorata Alexander, 1935a:

140. (Syn. nov.)

Pales immemorata; Savchenko, 1973: 119.

Nephrotoma serristyla Alexander, 1935b: 226—228.

(Syn. nov.)

Pales parvirostra serristyla; el

119.

The references by Mannheims & Savchenko

(1967) and Savchenko, Violovich & Narchuk

(1972) refer to relicta, see under discussion.

139,

1973: 118,

Material examined. — Holotype ¢ of parvı-

rostra, in good condition, labelled: “Sapporo,

Japan M. Hori” “Holotype Nephrotoma parvi-

rostra C. P. Alexander” (USNMA); paratypes:

1d (wing and hypopygium on slide 2472),

Hokkaido, Sapporo, 25.vu.1921 (USNMA);

1d, Hokkaido, Shikaripetsu, 26.vin.1922

(USNMA); 1d, Hokkaido, Kamiokoppe,

27.viii.1922 (USNMA) (see for localities Alex-

ander, 1924). Holotype d of immemorata, in

fair condition, one wing, one antenna and hypo-

pygium on slide 5737, specimen labelled: “Mt

Omei Szechwan China Aug. 23, ’29” “Holo-

type Nephrotoma immemorata C. P. Alexan-

der” (USNMA) (Alexander, 1935b, fig. 47, does

not indicate the serrate dorsal crest of the inner

dististyle, but the crest is present in the holo-

type). Holotype d of serristyla, in good condi-

tion, labelled: “Chungking 1—2000 ft v.6-

27.30” “Szechwan China D C Graham” “Holo-

type Nephrotoma serristyla C. P. Alexander”

(USNMA); paratypes (all USNMA): 3d 29

para(topo)types and 1d paratype from Chaba-

rovsk, Amur, Primorye, 26.vii.1927, Stackel-

berg (apparently the paratype from Ussuri Rail-

way, Alexander, 1924); other material: 25, Ku-

nashir; 1d, Shikotan; 148 109, Hokkaido;

104 72, Honshu; 26, Kyushu (Shiiba, Kuma-

OOSTERBROEK: Nephrotoma of Japan 249

Figs. 25—28. N. flammeola. Fig. 25. Hypopygium, lateral view. Fig. 26. Left inner dististyle, from outside. Fig.

27. Extension of male tergite 9, dorsal view. Fig. 28. Male abdomen, showing course of intromittent organ. Figs.

29, 30. N. parvirostra. Fig. 29. Extension of male tergite 9, dorsal view. Fig. 30. Adminiculum, lateral view.

_ moto; Chojabaru, Oita); 16, Tsushima; 2d 19,

North Korea (Chonsani near Paiktusan, the

highest mountain in Korea, close to the border

of Manchuria, appr. 42° N 128° E); 16 49,

South Korea (16 & 18 mi NE Seoul); 24 49,

China (Lichuan and Eastern Tombs, Hupeh).

Characteristics. — N. parvirostra forms a

species group with daisensis, relicta, and proba-

bly also flammeola. Apart from the characters

mentioned in the key, parvirostra males can be

250 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 11, 1984 (1985)

Figs. 31—35. N. parvirostra. Fig. 31. Ovipositor, lateral view. Fig. 32. Hypopygium, lateral view. Fig. 33. Me-

dial appendage of male sternite 8, latero-posterior view. Fig. 34. Left outer dististyle, from outside. Fig. 35. Left

inner dististyle, from outside. Figs. 36, 37. N. relicta. Fig. 36. Left outer dististyle, from outside. Fig. 37. Left

inner dististyle, from outside.

easily recognized by the laterally compressed

and triangular-shaped midventral appendage of

sternite 8 (figs. 32, 33). Outside Japan this char-

acter is also found in the closely related species

relicta (see discussion).

Distribution and period of flight. — Material

has been examined from Kunashir, Shikotan,

Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Tsushima, North

and South Korea and China (W. Hupeh). Sav-

chenko, and co-authors, in addition report

Amur-Zea interregion, southern Sakhalin, and

China, Mao-erh-shan (sub parvirostra) and

southern Khabarovskiy kray and southern Pri-

morye (sub serristyla). Early and late records

OOSTERBROEK: Nephrotoma of Japan 251

are May 23, June 11 and October 25; all other

records are between mid-July and mid-Septem-

ber with a distinct peak at the end of August.

Discussion. — Savchenko (1973) recognizes

three subspecies of parvirostra, the nominal

form, serristyla Alexander (1935), and relicta

Savchenko (1973). Examination of type-materi-

al revealed that serristyla is synonymous with

parvirostra. The differences are limited to the

coloration of the antennae and thorax and, as

such, found among specimens throughout the

distribution range, apparently due to variation.

Specimens of relicta have the anterior beak of

the inner dististyle short (fig. 37), and the outer

dististyle apically lengthened (fig. 36). Material

of relicta was examined from North Korea

(Ompo, situated a few miles inland from the

coast just south of 42° N), Mongolia (80 km SE

Semon Chalchingol), China (Mao-erh-shan; Li-

chuan; Mt Omei) and USSR (near Irkutsk, syn-

type d, ASL). Material of parvirostra was ex-

amined from a number of these localities or re-

gions as well. Because of the large area of

sympatry, relicta is best considered a species

instead of subspecies. Savchenko (1973) reports

relicta from the Leningradskaya oblast,

Krasnoyarskiy kray (Mina) and the Irkutskaya

oblast.

THE FUSCESCENS GROUP

Nephrotoma contrasta Alexander, 1920

(figs. 47—50, 53—54)

Nephrotoma contrasta Alexander, 1920: 23, 24. Ishi-

da, 1955: 120.

Pales contrasta; Savchenko, 1973: 164.

Material examined. — Holotype 4, in fair

condition, antennae, one wing, leg fragments

and hypopygium on slide 1129, specimen la-

belled “Saitama, Japan May 29, 1919 R. Takaha-

shi” “Holotype Nephrotoma contrasta C. P. Al-

exander” (USNMA; Saitama is on Honshu); 19

paratype, Hokkaido, Meguro near Horoizumi,

24.v.1919 (USNMA) (the 2 para(topo)type,

USNMA, specimen and slide 1129, belongs to

fuscescens); other material: 12, Hokkaido

(Nopporo, Ishikari); 58 32, Honshu (Mt Ta-

kao; Kyoto).

Characteristics. — Belongs to the fuscescens

group. The differentiating characters are dis-

_ cussed under fuscescens.

Distribution and period of flight. — Known

from Hokkaido and Honshu only. On Honshu

the species occurs as far South as Kyoto. The re-

cords are from May and June.

Nephrotoma flavonota (Alexander, 1914)

(figs. 38—42)

Pachyrhina flavonota Alexander, 1914: 158, 159.

Nephrotoma flavonota; Masaki, 1933a: 90. Alexan-

der, 1940a: 121—123. Alexander, 1953c: 148.

Ishida, 1955: 121.

Pales flavonota; Savchenko, 1973: 94.

Material examined. — Holotype dg, three

slides only (one with outer and inner dististyle,

one with rest of hypopygium, one with a wing),

labelled “Holotype 827 Nephrotoma flavonota

(Alex.) 6 Tokyo, Japan Aug, 1912 (Ex Kuwa-

na) 827” (USNMA, specimen lost?); 19 para-

type slide with wing, labelled as the holotype

except for „Allotype” and “2” and not men-

tioning “(Ex Kuwana)” (USNMA, specimen

lost?); other material: 18 22, Hokkaido (Me-

guro near Horoizumi); 26 19, Tsushima; 216

132, Honshu; 6d 62, Kyushu; 46 19, Shiko-

ku; 76 19, China (Chekiang; Fukien).

Characteristics. — Head and thorax entirely

yellow to brownish yellow, the latter with the

dorsal stripes pale brown and subopaque, area

between the stripes dull, medial stripe on scu-

tum 1 sometimes with a narrow dull medial line,

lateral stripes on scutum 1 straight. Abdomen

with a row of dorsal spots, elongate in the male,

more triangular in the female. Male segment 8

and tergite 9 darkened. Male tergite 8 deeply in-

cised, incision lined with long hairs; medisternal

appendage of sternite 9 elongate, strongly hir-

sute and occupying incision of sternite 8 (figs.

38, 41). Extension of male tergite 9 as in fig. 40.

Inner dististyle with a high serrate crest (fig.

42). Female ovipositor relatively short (fig. 39).

The species does not clearly belong to a spe-

cies group but might be allied to the fuscescens

group with which it shares the lengthened male

sternite 8, the hirsute medisternal appendage,

and the short ovipositor (extremely short in the

fuscescens group).

Distribution and period of flight. — Known

from the Japanese islands Tsushima, Honshu,

Kyushu and Shikoku and from the Chinese

provinces Chekiang and Fukien. Japanese re-

cords are from May 7 to June 18, Chinese re-

cords from April 6 to June 11.

Nephrotoma fuscescens (Riedel, 1910)

(figs. 43—46, 51—52)

Pachyrhina fuscescens Riedel, 1910: 422, 423.

Pales fuscescens; Savchenko, 1973: 50, 51.

Nephrotoma iyoensis Alexander, 1953d: 226, 267.

(Syn. nov.)

Pales iyoensis; Savchenko, 1973: 51.

252 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 11, 1984 (1985)

44, Vo. SZ 53 >

4 LS 28 Ve

A OLE, DEA

YY « 4

Figs. 38—42. N. flavonota. Fig. 38. Hypopygium, lateral view. Fig. 39. Ovipositor, lateral view. Fig. 40. Exten-

sion of male tergite 9, dorsal view. Fig. 41. Hypopygium, rear view. Fig. 42. Left inner dististyle, from outside.

Nephrotoma akitae Alexander, 1955: 366—368. (Syn.

nov.)

Material examined. — Holotype d of iyoen-

sis, in fair condition, hypopygium on slide 9706,

specimen labelled: “Japan Shikoku Saragamine

1200 m. vi-3.52 Ishihara” “Holotype d Neph-

rotoma iyoensis C. P. Alexander” (USNMA);

12 paratype, Shikoku, Saragamine, 1100 m,

3.v1.1952 (USNMA). Holotype d and paratype

? of akitae on one pin, abdominal ends lacking

(corresponding slides were not found), labelled

“Japan Akita Prov. Yuze 250 m, vi-22, 51 Issi-

ki-Ito” “Holotype Nephrotoma akitae C. P.

Alexander” “Allotype Nephrotoma akitae C. P.

Alexander” (USNMA); other material: 4d 29,

Primorskiy kray (Wladiwostok; Khasan, Ke-

drova Pad); 1d 12, Tsushima; 32, Honshu

(Sata; Saitama; Mt Takao); 156 62, Kyushu;

1d 19, Shikoku (Omogo Valley, Iyo).

The type-material of fuscescens (“2d 49,

Halbinsel Jankowsky, Süd Ussuri”, Museum

fur Naturkunde, Berlin, East Germany), could

not be studied. The species is described from

southern Primorye; material from that region

was examined during this study.

Characteristics. — N. fuscescens and the

closely related species contrasta and leeuweni

share the following characters: anterior part of

mediotergite yellow; lateral thorax with dark

brown to black markings; male sternite 8

lengthened and incised (figs. 43, 46, 47, 50, 55,

57); female ovipositor very short (figs. 51—54)

(the female of leeuweni is unknown, the hypo-

OOSTERBROEK: Nephrotoma of Japan 253

46 ADN 50

Figs. 43—46. N. fuscescens. Fig. 43. Hypopygium, lateral view. Fig. 44. Extension of male tergite 9, dorsal

view. Fig. 45. Left inner dististyle, from outside. Fig. 46. Male sternite 8, ventral view. Figs. 47—50. N. contras-

ta. Fig. 47. Hypopygium, lateral view. Fig. 48. Extension of male tergite 9, dorsal view. Fig. 49. Left inner distis-

tyle, from outside. Fig. 50. Male sternite 8, ventral view.

pygium of this species is very similar to that of lows: in leeuwen? the posterior part of the inner

fuscescens and contrasta and it is assumed that dististyle is enlarged and blackened (fig. 58) and

the same applies to the ovipositor). the broadly V-shaped extension of the male ter-

The species ditfer among each other as fol- gite 9 possesses robust lateral projections (fig.

254 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 11, 1984 (1985)

Figs. 51, 52. N. fuscescens. Fig. 51. Ovipositor, lateral view. Fig. 52. Female sternite 8 and hypovalvae, ventral

view. Figs. 53, 54. N. contrasta. Fig. 53. Ovipositor, lateral view. Fig. 54. Female sternite 8 and hypovalvae,

ventral view.

56); in fuscescens the extension has a concave

medial incision (fig. 43); in contrasta the medial

incision is convex (fig. 48); the inner dististyle

of fuscescens has a high posterior crest (fig. 45);

in contrasta the crest is low (fig. 49); further-

more there are some differences in the ventral

aspect of the male sternite 8 (figs. 46, 50); fe-

males of fuscescens and contrasta differ in the

shape of the short hypovalvae (figs. 51, 53, with

a small dorsal notch before apex in fuscescens)

and by the transition of sternite 8 and the hypo-

valvae (figs. 52, 54).

Distribution and period of flight. — Known

from southern Primorye and the Japanese is-

lands Tsushima, Honshu, Kyushu and Shikoku.

On Honshu the species is sympatric with con-

trasta and leeuweni and known as far north as

Yuze, Akita. Altitudes are up to 1200 metres.

Almost all Japanese records are in May, a few

are from June; the records from southern Pri-

morskiy kray are from June and July.

Nephrotoma leeuweni spec. nov.

(figs. 55—58)

Type-material. — Holotype d, in good con-

dition, abdomen stored in microvial, labelled

“Honshu Nagano Tokyo, 12.v.1922 Esaki”

“Holotype Nephrotoma leeuweni P. Ooster-

broek” (ZMA).

Characteristics. — Belongs to the fuscescens

group. Differentiating characters are discussed

under fuscescens. The most salient character is

the enlarged and blackened posterior margin of

the inner dististyle (fig. 58).

Description.

Body and wing length: 14 mm.

Head. — Yellow with dorsal part of rostrum

and occipital marking dark brown. The latter

OOSTERBROEK: Nephrotoma of Japan 255

Figs. 55—58. N. leeuweni. Fig. 55. Hypopygium, lateral view. Fig. 56. Extension of male tergite 9, dorsal view.

Fig. 57. Male sternite 8, ventral view. Fig. 58. Left inner dististyle, from outside.

large, about as broad as dorsal pronotum and

reaching base of tubercle. In between tubercle

and eye margin rounded, dark brown to black

spots. Antennae 13-segmented; scape light

brown; pedicel brown; flagellar segments dark

brown to black and somewhat reniform beyond

first; longest verticillar hairs about as long as

segments.

Thorax. — Yellow with dark brown to black

dorsal stripes and large lateral markings. Lateral

stripes on scutum 1 outcurved, the outcurved

part dull and reaching halfway paratergite. An-

terior two-thirds of mediotergite yellow, poste-

rior one-third with two rounded dark brown

spots. Coxae with dark brown markings bas-

ally, largest on coxae one; trochanters yellowish

brown; femora basally yellowish brown, grad-

ually darkening towards brown tips; tibiae light

brown to dark brown: tarsi dark brown: claw of

„right front leg toothed, other claws lacking.

Wing with a light brown tinge, cells c and sc

slightly more brownish; stigma distinct, brown,

with about 6 macrotrichia; crossveins just be-

low stigma with a brown seam; wingtip clouded

brown.

Abdomen. — Yellowish brown with a brown

to dark brown dorsal stripe on tergites 1—6,

stripe about as broad as scutellum and narrowly

interrupted on the anterior part of the tergites;

segment 7 and 8 largely darkened.

Hypopygium. — Dark reddish brown. Ex-

tension of tergite 9 widely V-shaped with ro-

bust lateral projections (fig. 56). Outer dististyle

slender (fig. 55). Inner dististyle as in fig. 58,

with an elongate and slender anterior beak and

the posterior part distinctly enlarged and black-

ened. Medisternal appendage of sternite 9

strongly hirsute and situated between the lateral

extensions of the elongate sternite 8.

Distribution. — Known after the holotype d

from Honshu only.

Etymology. — The species is named after my

friend and colleague Dr. Br. Theowald van

Leeuwen. |

256 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 11, 1984 (1985)

THE ANALIS GROUP

Nephrotoma ozenumensis Alexander, 1925

(figs. 65—68)

Nephrotoma ozenumensis Alexander, 1925b: 399,

400. Masaki, 1933a: 92. Ishida, 1955: 122.

Nephrotoma lamellata; Savchenko, 1970: 120, 121.

Pales ozenumensis; Savchenko, 1973: 162, 163.

Pales sublamellata; Savchenko, 1973: 56—58 (in

part).

Material examined. — Holotype ®, in good

condition, one wing on slide 2845, specimen la-

belled: “Ozenuma Japan 6454 ft vii-25.23 T..

Esaki” “Holotype Nephrotoma ozenumensis C.

P. Alexander” (USNMA; Ozenuma is on

Honshu); other material: 1d, Shikotan,

20.vii1.1971 (ZMA); 16, Honshu, Nikko, To-

chigi pref., 26.vii.1973 (KURU).

Characteristics. — See under N. vana.

Distribution and period of flight. — Known

from Shikotan and Honshu only. Records are

from July 17 to August 20.

Nephrotoma vana spec. nov.

(figs. 59— 63)

Introduction. — In the literature some confu-

sion exists about the synonymy of sublamellata

Alexander, 1935, and lamellata (Riedel, 1910).

Examination of the male holotype of the former

(USNMA) revealed that sublamellata is at most

a subspecies of lamellata, differing in the shape

of the lateral appendage of the adminiculum on-

ly, and replacing lamellata in southern Primo-

rye, Sakhalin and North Korea. Examination of

specimens from the Kurile and Japan showed

that this material belongs to two other species,

closely related to lamellata. They are ozenu-

mensis Alexander, 1925, known from Shikotan

and Honshu; and vana nov. spec., divided here

into two subspecies, the nominal form from Ku-

nashir and Hokkaido, and the subspecies nigro-

vana from Honshu and Kyushu.

Characteristics. — The species lamellata,

ozenumensis and vana do not differ in colora-

tion, except for the darker coloured subspecies

nigrovana (see descriptions of vana vana and

vana nigrovana). The differences are limited to

hypopygial characters as follows:

lamellata: gonapophyses of the adminiculum

with an acute upright projection (fig. 64); in the

subspecies sxblamellata the downcurved poste-

rior arm is notably shorter;

ozenumensis: gonapophyses of the adminicu-

lum without an acute upright projection and

posterior arm not downcurved (fig. 66); in both

lamellata and ozenumensis the dorsal margin of

the appendage is serrate; outer dististyle sinuate

with the apical part very slender and elongate

(fig. 65);

vana: gonapophyses of the adminiculum

more straight and with the dorsal margin not

serrate (fig. 62); outer dististyle less sinuate (fig.

63); lateral shells of the extension of tergite 9 in

dorsal view largely concealed by the above-ly-

ing flanges (fig. 61), in lamellata and ozenumen-

sis these flanges are less developed (fig. 67);

vana nigrovana differs from the nominal sub-

species in coloration only: the thorax is almost

entirely darkened, the scutal stripes are broadly

in contact with each other and the abdominal

segments (5) 6— 8 are enurely black.

Etymology. — The name vana refers to the

more hollow lateral shells of the extension of

the male tergite 9.

Nephrotoma vana vana subsp. nov.

(figs. 59— 63)

Pales lamellata; Savchenko & Krivolutzkaya, 1966:

56.

Pales sublamellata; Savchenko, 1973: 56—58 (in

part).

Nephrotoma lamellata, Oosterbroek,

(subsp. nov.; distribution only).

1980: 366

Type-material. — Holotype d, in good con-

dition, labelled “Japan Murayama Sapporo vi-

25.32 Okada (USNMA); paratypes: 14, Kuna-

shir, 1.viu.1977 (ZMA); 16, Hokkaido, Jozan-

kei, Sapporo, 19.vu.1922 (ZMA); 19, idem,

28.v1.1953 (USNMA); 12, Hokkaido, Yubari-

dake, subalpine z., 14.vii.1967 (KU).

Characteristics. — See under N. vana.

Description.

wing length d : 12—13 mm, 9 : 15—17 mm.

Head. — Dorsal part of rostrum broadly dark

brown, lateral parts yellow. Head pale yellow to

yellow, tubercle and vertex sometimes more

brownish. Occipital marking large, about as

broad as or broader than dorsal part of prono-

tum, with rounded lateral margins and usually

pointed anteriorly, reaching base of tubercle.

Next to tubercle large dark brown spots along

eye-margin. Antennae with 13 segments; scape

yellow with brownish patches on apical half;

pedicel light brown; flagellar segments dark

brown, in the male somewhat nodulose basally

beyond first, in the female cylindrical.

Thorax. — Pronotum dorsally yellow, lateral

OOSTERBROEK: Nephrotoma of Japan 257

Figs. 59—63. N. vana vana. Fig. 59. Ovipositor, lateral view. Fig. 60. Hypopygium, lateral view. Fig. 61. Ex-

tension of male tergite 9, dorsal view. Fig. 62. Left gonapophyses, lateral view. Fig. 63. Left outer dististyle,

- from outside. Fig. 64. N. lamellata. Adminiculum and left gonapophysis, lateral view. Figs. 65—68. N. ozenu-

mensis. Fig. 65. Left outer dististyle, from outside. Fig. 66. Adminiculum and left gonapophysis, lateral view.

Fig. 67. Extension of male tergite 9, dorsal view. Fig. 68. Left inner dististyle, from outside.

258 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 11,1984 (1985)

part anteriorly yellow to light brown, posteri-

orly dark brown. Scutal stripes dark brown to

black, lateral stripes with the outcurved anterior

part dull and large, almost or actually reaching

paratergite. Dull seam around anterior corners

of scutum 2 occupying lateral part of transverse

suture and contacting lateral stripes of scutum 1

with stripes of scutum 2. Scutellum yellowish

brown with a broad brown to dark brown me-

dial stripe or scutellum entirely darkened. Me-

diotergite antero-laterally yellowish brown, an-

tero-medially with a broad brown to dark

brown stripe which distinctly broadens posteri-

orly. Lateral parts of thorax yellowish brown,

variegated with large dark brown markings.

Coxae dorsally darkened; trochanters largely

light brown; femora light brown with the apices

broadly darkened, front legs with apical half

darkened; tibiae and tarsi brown to dark brown;

male claws toothed. Wings with a light brown-

ish yellow tinge; stigma dark brown with about

30 macrotrichia; crossveins just below stigma

with a broad brown seam; wingtip broadly

clouded.

Abdomen. — Tergite 1 with a broad brown

to dark brown spot dorsally. Tergites 2—5

(male) or 2—6 (female) with brown to dark

brown spots on the posterior part of the tergite,

in the male spots about as large as scutellum and

on tergite 2 prolonged anteriorly to contact sim-

ilar spot on anterior half of the tergite, in the fe-

male spots broader and more triangular and

prolonged anteriorly forming a continuous

stripe. Sternites 1—5 or 1—6 yellow. Male with

segments 6—8 and female with segments 7—8

dark brown to black. Hypopygium largely

darkened. Female tergites 9 and 10 and oviposi-

tor light brown.

Hypopygium and ovipositor. — As in figs.

Distribution and period of flight. — Known

from Kunashir and Hokkaido only. The records

are between June 25 and August 19.

Nephrotoma vana nigrovana subsp. nov.

Type-material. — Holotype d, in good con-

dition, abdomen stored in microvial, labelled

“Honshu Mt Hirasan Shiga pref. 900—1100 m.

1969.vi.5 K. Kanmiya” (KURU); paratypes:

12, Kyushu, Shiratoriyama, Kumamoto,

10.v1.1977 (KU); 12, Kyushu, Bogazuru, Ku-

jusan, 13.vi.1968 (ZMA); 19, Japan, 1909

(BMNH); 12, Honshu, Chugokusanchi, Kami-

kochi, 5000’, 26.vii.1939 (ZMA).

Characteristics. — See under vana.

Description.

Body length 4: 15 mm, 2: 18—20 mm; wing

length à : 14 mm, 9 : 16 mm.

Head. — As in the nominal form, pedicel and

scape darker.

Thorax. — Thorax and coxae largely dark

brown to black. Scutal stripes broadly in con-

tact with each other; lateral stripes of scutum 1

with a large dull outcurved anterior part. Tho-

rax yellow or yellowish brown at dorsal prono-

tum, on either side of outcurved part of the

lateral stripe of scutum 1, at paratergite and

with smaller marks around wing base, largest on

katepisternite. Wings and legs as in vana vana.

Abdomen. — Segment 1 dark brown to

black, the tergite laterally somewhat lighter.

Segments 2—4 yellow, the tergites with dark

brown triangular transverse bands along the

hind margin, bands in male relatively narrow, in

female broader, dorsally occupying posterior

half of tergite; tergite 2 in addition with a

rounded dark brown to black spot on anterior

half with two smaller spots antero-laterad of it.

Anterior part of sternite 5 yellow, remainder of

segment 5 dark brown to black. Segments 6—8

and male hypopygium dark brown to black. Fe-

male tergites 9 and 10 and ovipositor light

brown.

Distribution and period of flight. — Known

from Honshu and Kyushu only. Records are

from June 5 to July 26.

Nephrotoma pullata (Alexander, 1914)

(figs. 69—72)

Pachyrhina pullata Alexander, 1914: 160—162.

Nephrotoma pullata; Masaki, 1933a: 90. Alexander,

1953a: 73. Alexander, 1953c: 148, 149. Ishida,

1955: 123.

Nephrotoma hokkaidensis Alexander, 1925a: 446,

447. (Synonymy in Alexander, 1953c.)

Nephrotoma mannheimsi Savchenko, 1966: 260—262.

(Syn. nov.)

The reference by Savchenko (1973) refers to

neopratensis.

Material examined. — Holotype d of pullata,

three slides containing one wing, left inner and

outer dististyle and abdominal end, labelled

“Holotype 829 Nephrotoma pullata (Alex.) 3

Tokyo, Japan May 7, 1912 (Ex S. Kuwana) 829”

(USNMA, the holotype specimen was not

found). Holotype ¢ of hokkaidensis, in good

condition, labelled “Yoichi, Prov. Shiribeshi, Ja-

pan vi-26-1921 S. Kuwayama” “Holotype

OOSTERBROEK: Nephrotoma of Japan 259

ZAR

ee AU

TAR

ul!

ES NN AN ATEN

Figs. 69—72. N. pullata. Fig. 69. Hypopygium, lateral view. Fig. 70. Ovipositor, lateral view. Fig. 71. Left in-

ner dististyle, from outside. Fig. 72. Extension of male tergite 9, dorsal view.

Nephrotoma hokkaidensis C. P. Alexander”

(USNMA; Yoichi is, of course, on Hokkaido);

paratypes: 1d 19, para(topo)types (USNMA);

2d, Hokkaido, Sapporo. Mt Moiwa, 15.vi.1923

(18 USNMA, 14 BMNH); 16 12, Hokkaido,

Sapporo, 15.v1.1921 (USNMA, with slide 829);

1d, idem, end vi.1921 (USNMA). Holotype d

of mannheimsi, in good condition, labelled

“Maoershan, Mandschurei 7.vii.39 W. Alin

leg.” “Mandschurei, Maoershan 7.vii.39 W. Al-

in” “Pales sp. n. opr. E. N. Savchenko” “Holo-

typus Pales mannheimsi, sp. n. Savtshenko”

* (MAK; notwithstanding the type-labels, the

species was described in Nephrotoma); para-

types: 1d 1°, para(topo)types from 23.v1.1939

(MAK); other material: 148 189, Hokkaido;

3d 42, Honshu; 14 19, Kyushu (Kagoshima;

Beppu); 19, Sado; 3d 29, North Korea (Om-

po, situated a few miles inland from the coast

just South of 42° N; Seren Mts); 16 19, China

(Manchuria: Mao-erh-shan and Erzendjanzsy).

Characteristics. — N. pullata is a large spe-

cies (body length d up to 19 mm, 2 up to 24

mm). The coloration of the head is characteristic

with the yellow eye-ring broadly interrupted by

the greyish lateral extension of the occipital

marking. The lateral thorax is dusted grey to a

variable degree. The male abdominal tergites

2—5 with elongate, brown to black, dorsal

spots in front of hind margin, usually about as

broad as scutellum and twice as long; posterior

segments blackened. Female with a continuous

dorsal stripe on tergites 2—7, composed of tri-

angular spots, largest on tergites 4—6; tergites

260 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 11, 1984 (1985)

Figs. 73— 75. N. stygia. Fig. 73. Hypopygium, lateral view. Fig. 74. Extension of male tergite 9, dorsal view.

Fig. 75. Left inner dististyle, from outside.

laterally and sternites ventrally with elongate

brown to dark brown spots. Specimens from the

continent are usually to a much lesser degree

variegated with brown to black markings, espe-

cially on the abdomen, and they have the thorax

not dusted grey. Hypopygium and ovipositor as

in figs. 69—72.

Distribution and period of flight. — Material

was examined from Hokkaido, Honshu, Sado,

Kyushu, Shikoku, North Korea and China

(Manchuria). Savchenko (1966) in addition re-

ports Amurskaya oblast and Primorskiy kray.

On the continent and on Hokkaido the species

is on the wing from the end of May until the end

of July, on the other Japanese islands the re-

cords are much earlier, from mid-April to mid-

June, with one record for August 9.

Nephrotoma stygia Alexander, 1921

(figs. 73—75)

Nephrotoma stygia Alexander, 1921: 131, 132. Alex-

ander, 1925c: 4. Esaki, 1932: 181. Masaki, 1933a:

91. Ishida, 1955: 124.

Pales erebus; Savchenko, 1973: 113 (see discussion).

Material examined. — Holotype d, in good

condition, one wing on slide 1788, specimen la-

belled “Ikaho, Japan Gumma-ken, July 7 1920

K. Tanaka” “Holotype Nephrotoma stygia C.

P. Alexander” (USNMA; Ikaho is on Honshu);

paratypes: 1%, in poor condition, one wing on

slide 1788, specimen labelled as the holotype;

19, Honshu, Chuzenji, 9.vu.1920 (both 2

USNMA); other material: 18 52, Hokkaido

(Sounkei; Sapporo; Shizunai); 114 159,

Honshu; 1d, Shikoku (Mt Sara).

Characteristics. — N. stygia is an almost

completely brownish black species with two,

clear yellow marks on the lateral thorax, namely

the membranous area underneath the parater-

gite and the anterior half of the katatergite in

front of the halter. The genae and frontal tuber-

cle are more brownish yellow than the rest of

the head. The abdominal segments are shining

with a broad dull ring along the posterior mar-

gins. N. stygia belongs to the analis subgroup

(sensu Oosterbroek, 1980), as is shown by the

shape of the inner dististyle (fig. 75) and the ex-

tension of tergite nine (fig. 74). The basal one-

third of the intromittent organ is relatively

thick, the apical two-thirds are more slender

and consist of a cylindrical filament which is

dorsally open, especially at the transition; a

similar opening is found in the flavipalpis sub-

group, the presumed sistergroup of the analis

subgroup (Oosterbroek, 1980).

Distribution and period of flight. — Known

from the islands Hokkaido, Honshu and Shiko-

tan; Masaki and Ishida also mention Kyushu,

but no material from that island was examined.

The species is recorded from altitudes up to

2000 m and is most frequent from the end of Ju-

ly unul the end of August, only a few records

are from early July.

OOSTERBROEK: Nephrotoma of Japan 261

Discussion. — Savchenko (1973) considers

stygia as possibly a junior synonym of erebus,

but stygia is a valid species, not even belonging

to the same species-group as erebus.

THE PALLORIS GROUP

Nephrotoma bifusca Alexander, 1920

(figs. 79—83, 88, 91)

Nephrotoma bifusca Alexander, 1920: 25, 26. Alexan-

der, 1953d: 265, 266. Ishida, 1955: 120.

Pales bifusca; Zinovjev & Savchenko, 1962: 557, 569.

Savchenko, 1973: 45, 46.

Material examined. — Holotype 9, in good

condition, one wing on slide 1128, specimen la-

belled “Kioto, Japan May 27, 1914 A. Nohira”

“Holotype Nephrotoma bifusca C. P. Alexan-

der” (USNMA); other material: 36 2%,

Honshu (Tottori, Owami, Gifu); 2d, Shikoku

(Minara; Iyo); 24, North Korea (Puksu Pyak-

san in Kankyo Nando, the second highest peak

in Korea, appr. 40° 40’ N 127° 45’ E; Chonsani

near Paiktusan, the highest mountain in Korea,

close to the border of Manchuria, appr. 42° N

128° E); 46 62, South Korea (Central Nat.

Forest, 18 mi NE Seoul; 8 mi SW Kangnung;

Tangjok-gok, 38°11’N 128°19’E); 26 39,

Primorskiy kray (Khasan, Kedrova Pad; Wladi-

wostok); 1d, Khabarovskiy kray (Khaba-

rovsk); 16 Amurskaya oblast (Khor).

Characteristics. — N. bifusca belongs to the

palloris group, of which the Japanese species

possess an usually isolated dull mark below the

anterior end of the lateral stripes on scutum 1

and which have the lateral parts of the medio-

tergite darkened and the antero-medial part yel-

low. Among these species bifusca can be easily

recognized by the brown seam along the wing

cord and apical part of vein CuA2. Males have

the posterior margin of the inner dististyle

blackened (fig. 80). In females the dorsal margin

of sternite 8 is very high towards the hypoval-

vae, a character easily visible even in unmacer-

ated specimens (figs. 88, 91). A peculiarity of bi-

fusca is the swelling of the intromittent organ at

about one-third its length from the semen pump

(fig. 82). See also under palloris.

Distribution and period of flight. — Known

from Amurskaya oblast, Khabarovskiy kray,

Primorskiy kray, North Korea, South Korea

« and the Japanese islands Honshu and Shikoku.

The period of flight is from the second half of

May until the first half of September.

Nephrotoma geminata Alexander, 1920

(figs. 76, 89)

Nephrotoma geminata Alexander, 1920: 24, 25. Ishis-

da, 1955: 121.

Pales geminata; Savchenko, 1973: 64.

Material examined. — Holotype d, in fair

condition, several parts stored on slide 1127,

specimen labelled “Ichikawa Chiba-ken Japan

v-17-1919” “Holotype Nephrotoma geminata

C. P. Alexander” (USNMA). 19 paratype with

slide 1127, labelled as the holotype except “May

17, 19” and “Allotype” (USNMA); other

material: 366 152, from Honshu.

Characteristics. — Belongs to the palloris

group and is compared with the species of this

group under palloris.

Distribution and period of flight. — Known

from Honshu only and on the wing from the

second half of April to the end of May, with one

record for September 9.

Nephrotoma pallida spec. nov.

(figs. 84—87, 90, 92)

Type-material. — Holotype à, in good con-

dition, labelled “Kyushu Miyazaki Miyazaki

3.x.1973” J. Emoto (KU); paratypes: 12, la-

belled as the holotype (ZMA); 16, Yakushima,

Onoaida, 7.x.1968 (ZMA); 16 19, Kyushu, Sa-

tape Misaki, MOSE NOD wade 1952. 11S)

(USNMA); 14, Yunomoto, Isl. Iki NE of Kyu-

shu, 28.v.1957 (ZMA); 19, Kyushu, Sata Oshu-

mi, Magome-Hetsuka, 24.v.1952 (USNMA);

1d, Kyushu, Inunakiyamo, Fukuoka,

18.vu1.1965 (KU); 19, Kyushu, Inunakiyamo,

Fukouka, 30.1x.1965 (ZMA).

Characteristics. — Closely related to palloris,

discriminating characters are discussed under

that species.

Description.

Body length d: 10—11 mm, 9: 14—16 mm;

wing length d: 10—11 mm, ?: 12—13 mm.

Head. — Yellowish, vertex light brown, ros-

trum usually with a brownish spot dorsally. Oc-

cipital marking a small shining triangle with a

narrow dark brown frontal prolongation that

reaches top of tubercle, frontal prolongation

less broad than diameter of flagellomere 1 and

sometimes faint or even absent. Antennae 13-

segmented; scape, pedicel and first flagellar seg-

ment light yellow to brownish yellow; follow-

ing flagellar segments light brown and some-

what reniform in the male with the basal nodes

262 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 11, 1984 (1985)

Fig. 76. N. geminata. Hypopygium, lateral view. Figs. 77, 78. N. palloris. Fig. 77. Left outer dististyle, from

outside. Fig. 78. Extension of male tergite 9, dorsal view. Figs. 79—83. N. bifusca. Fig. 79. Extension of male

tergite 9, dorsal view. Fig. 80. Left inner dististyle, from outside. Fig. 81. Adminiculum and left gonapophysis,

lateral view. Fig. 82. Swelling of intromittent organ. Fig. 83. Left outer dististyle, from outside. Figs. 84—87. N.

pallida. Fig. 84. Left outer dististyle, from outside. Fig. 85. Extension of male tergite 9, dorsal view. Fig. 86.

Adminiculum and left gonapophysis, lateral view. Fig. 87. Left inner dististyle, outside view.

OOSTERBROEK: Nephrotoma of Japan 263

blackened; in the female yellowish with the bas-

al nodes of the segments blackened beyond first

or second segment.

Thorax. — Pronotum yellowish brown.

Lateral thorax pale yellow to yellow, dorsal part

of anatergite dark brown. Scutum 1 and 2 pale

yellow to yellowish brown between stripes.

Scutal stripes dark brown; anterior half of medi-

al stripe of scutum 1 usually paler with a broad

brownish yellow mark along mid-line, mark

sometimes extending over entire length of

stripe; lateral stripes of scutum 1 straight with a

large, isolated, rounded or oval, dull black spot

below anterior end. A broad dull black seam

around antero-lateral corners of scutum 2. Scu-

tellum transparent, yellow to light brown. Me-

diotergite yellow on antero-medial part, lateral

and posterior parts dark brown. Coxae, tro-

chanters and femora light brown, the latter with

narrowly darkened tips; tibiae light brown to

brown, tips dark brown; tibiae brown to dark

brown; male claws toothed. Wings with a light

brown tinge, cell c and usually sc dark brown;

stigma dark brown with up to 20 macrotrichia;

dark coloration of wing margin usually narrow-

ly continued beyond stigma, broadening to-

wards wingtip and reaching vein M2, sometimes

even CuAl.

Abdomen. — Brownish yellow with a row of

dark brown dorsal and lateral spots. Tergite 1

broadly dark brown dorsally. Tergites 2—7

with elongate dark brown spots which almost

reach preceding tergite, spots in the male about

as broad as scutellum, in the female somewhat

broader, spots sometimes less developed on ter-

gites 5—7. Tergites 2—8 with elongate dark

brown spots along lateral margin, almost form-

ing a continuous stripe, especially on the ante-

rior tergites. Sternites yellow, sometimes infus-

cated, hind margins light yellow.

Hypopygium. — Extension of male tergite 9

widely V-shaped with slender and curved lateral

arms (fig. 85). Outer dististyle very narrow (fig.

84). Inner dististyle with a posterior crest (fig.

87). Gonapophyses elongate, the warning-fin-

ger-like part usually visible outside hypopygi-

um (fig. 86), but not as distinct as in geminata

(fig. 76). Hind margin of sternite 8 with a very

wide and shallow incision, lined with long gold-

en hairs.

_ Ovipositor. — Lateral aspect as in fig. 90 and

dorsal aspect of hypovalvae as in fig. 92, differ-

ing from palloris (fig. 93) among others in the

shape of the rostral extensions.

Distribution and period of flight. — Known

from the islands Iki, Kyushu and Yakushima

only. The species has been collected at the fol-

lowing dates: May 19, 24, 28, August 18, Sep-

tember 30, October 3 and 7.

Etymology. — The name pallida has the same

meaning as palloris, of pale colour. The two spe-

cies are evidently allopatric sisterspecies.

Nephrotoma palloris (Coquillett, 1898)

(dies. 77,78, 93)

Pachyrhina palloris Coquillett, 1898: 306. Alexander,

1914: 159, 160.

Nephrotoma palloris; Alexander, 1920: 24. Masaki,

1933a: 90. Ishida 1955: 122. Alexander & Alexan-

der, 1973: 36 (in part).

Pales palloris; Savchenko, 1973: 44, 45.

Pales autumnalis Savchenko, 1973:

nov.)

Nephrotoma autumnalis; Savchenko, 1970: 120, 121

(localities only).

The references by Riedel (1917, 1918) and

Alexander & Alexander (1973, in part) appar-

ently refer to sinensis, see distribution.

106, 107 (Syn.

Material examined. — Nephrotoma pallorss:

Holotype ®, in good condition, flagellar seg-

ments lacking, labelled “Japan Mitsukuri”

“Type no 3968 USNM” “Pachyrhina palloris

Coq.” (USNM; Mitsukuri is presumably on

Honshu). Nephrotoma autumnalıs: 28 29 syn-

types from Moneron, Violovich, 23.v111.1956

(18) and 26.viii.1956 (16 22) (ASL; Savchen-

ko, 1973, described autumnalıs after 98 89

from Moneron and 16 from Shikotan, without

mentioning type-locality and without desig-

nation of a holotype); other material: 54 59,

Hokkaido; 206 169, Honshu; 2d, Oshima.

Characteristics. — Forming a species group

with geminata, bifusca and pallida and closely

related to the latter. The species are very similar

in colorauon. Except geminata, they usually

have the costal margin of the wing darkened as

follows: in bifusca cell sc is darkened and in pal-

loris and pallida cells c and sc; this, however, is

not a reliable character to separate the species,

while bifusca can have both cells dark brown,

palloris both or sc only or neither of the two

and pallida only sc. More reliable characters are

found in the copulatory organs.

Males: Inner dististyle without crest (figs. 76,

80): bifusca and geminata. Posterior part of in-

ner dististyle blackened (fig. 80): bifusca. Gona-

pophyses distinctly protruding beyond hypopy-

gium (fig. 76):-geminata. Inner dististyle with a

posterior crest (fig. 87): palloris and pallida.

Outer dististyle broad: (fig. 77): palloris. Outer

264 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 11, 1984 (1985)

Figs. 88—90. Ovipositor, lateral view. Fig. 88. N. bifusca. Fig. 89. N. geminata. Fig. 90. N. pallida.

dististyle slender (fig. 84): pallida.

Females: Dorsal margin of sternite 8 distinct-

ly upcurved before contacting hypovalvae (figs.

88, 91): bifusca. Cerci slender (fig. 89): gemina-

ta. Cerci broad (fig. 90): palloris and pallida.

Rostral extensions of hypovalvae broad (fig.

93): palloris. Rostral extensions narrower (fig.

92): pallida. The differences in the hypovalvae

are the only reliable characters found to sepa-

rate the females of palloris and pallida.

Distribution and period of flight. — N. pallo-

ris is known from the islands Hokkaido,

Honshu and Oshima. Savchenko (1973) de-

scribed autumnalis from the island Moneron

near southern Sakhalin and from Shikotan, add-

ing (1970) Kunashir. Riedel (1917, 1918) and

Alexander & Alexander (1973) reported palloris

from Taiwan (Formosa) but these records ap-

parently refer to sinensis Edwards. Out of the

Riedel collection (IPSFK) Prof. Dr. G. Morge

kindly sent me the only palloris det. Riedel

specimen from Taiwan, which I recognized as

sinensis.

The species is most abundant in May and ear-

OOSTERBROEK: Nephrotoma of Japan 265

Fig. 91. N. bifusca. Female sternite 8 and hypovalvae, ventral view. Figs. 92—93. Right hypovalva, dorsal view.

Fig. 92. N. pallida. Fig. 93. N. palloris.

ly June, but is also frequent in the second halt ot

July until mid-September.

Discussion. — Females of palloris and pallida

can be separated only by internal characters of

the hypovalvae. The female holotype of palloris

(Coquillett) was not investigated by the present

author with respect to these characters. Never-

theless it is assumed that palloris (Coquillett) is

conspecific with palloris as presented in this pa-

per and not with pallida. The female holotype

of palloris is labelled “Mitsukuri”, presumably

on Honshu, whereas pallida is distributed on

Kyushu and adjacent smaller islands.

THE CROCATA GROUP

Nephrotoma neopratensis Alexander, 1921

(figs. 94— 99)

Nephrotoma neopratensis Alexander, 1921: 132, 133.

Alexander, 1925c: 4. Masaki, 1933a: 91. Ishida,

19552122,

Pales pullata; Savchenko, 1973: 121—123.

Material examined. — Holotype ®, in good

condition, a wing on slide 1834, specimen la-

belled “Sapporo, Japan May 26, 1916 S. Ku-

wayama” “Holotype Nephrotoma neopratensis

C. P. Alexander” (USNMA); other material:

96 99, Hokkaido; 56 59, Honshu; 16, Shiko-

tan (Misaki, Iyo); 16 12, North Korea (Ompo,

situated a few miles inland from the coast just

South of 42°N); 19, South Korea (8 mi SW

Kangnung).

Characteristics. — Belongs to the crocata

subgroup (Oosterbroek, 1980) the species of

which have the apex of the adminiculum spined

(fig. 97) and possess a spine on the ventral sur-

face of the intromittent organ, usually just in

front of the adminiculum, as in neopratensis. N.

neopratensis is a large species (body length d:

sembles pullata. The species is characterized as

follows. Occipital marking large and rounded

with a narrow and short prolongation on tuber-

cle; basally about as broad as prescutum,

sometimes narrowly but usually not in contact

with the eyes, which are surrounded by yellow.

Coxae, abdominal segment 1 and almost entire

thorax dusted grey, region below paratergites

broadly yellow, as are the parascutella. Scutal

266 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 11, 1984 (1985)

Figs. 94—99. N. neopratensis. Fig. 94. Ovipositor, lateral view. Fig. 95. Left inner dististyle, from outside. Fig.

96. Hypopygium, lateral view. Fig. 97. Adminiculum and left gonapophysis, lateral view. Fig. 98. Medial ap-

pendage of male sternite 8, ventral view. Fig. 99. Extension of male tergite 9, dorsal view.

stripes and scutellum blackened, lateral stripes

of scutum 1 straight. Abdomen with continuous

dorsal and lateral stripes; in the male dorsal

stripe about as broad as scutellum, posterior

segments and hypopygium blackened and ster-

nites with elongate ventral markings; in the fe-

male dorsal stripe broader and individual spots

triangular and along hind margin almost or ac-

tually in contact with lateral stripes, sternites

with a continuous ventral stripe, segment 8 and

tergites 9 and 10 blackened. Male hypopygium

as in figs. 95—99, hind margin of sternite 8 with

a peculiar shaped medial appendage; ovipositor

as in fig. 94.

OOSTERBROEK: Nephrotoma of Japan 267

Distribution and period of flight. — Known

from Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku (Iyo), South

and North Korea. Adults are on the wing dur-

ing about six weeks, from the end of April until

mid-June.

Discussion. — The species is reported by Sav-

chenko (1973) under pullata. His neopratensis

shows a crest on the inner dististyle and a differ-

ent colour-pattern and apparently is a not yet

described species from Sakhalin.

THE BREVIPENNIS GROUP

Nephrotoma hirsuticauda Alexander, 1924

(figs. 100— 104)

Nephrotoma hirsuticauda Alexander, 1924: 597—599.

Alexander, 1925c: 2, 4. Masaki, 1933a: 91. Ishida,

1955: 121. Savchenko, 1970: 121. Savchenko, Vio-

lovich & Narchuk, 1972: 82.

Pales hirsuticauda; Zinovjev & Savchenko, 1962: 556,

562, 566, 567, 569. Savchenko & Krivolutzkaya,

1966: 46, 56. Savchenko, 1973: 110—112.

Material examined. — Holotype d, in good

condition, labelled: “Sapporo, Japan July 1921

S. Kuwayama” “Holotype Nephrotoma hirsuti-

cauda C. P. Alexander” (USNMA); paratypes:

2d 29, Sakhalin, Toyohara (= Yuzhno-Sakha-

linsk), 20—23.vii.1923 (1d 22 USNMA, 1d

BMNH); other material: 18 19, Sakhalin (Ko-

numa; Toyohara = Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk); 4d

49, Hokkaido; 18, Honshu (Tochigi, Nikko);

3d, Primorskiy kray (Jakovskoye; Kamen Ri-

bolov. Oz. Khanka); 1®, China (Manchuria,

Ha-erh-pin = Charbin).

Characteristics. — N. hirsuticauda belongs to

the brevipennis group, comprising the three

species from Madeira (brevipennis (Wollaston),

lucida (Schiner), antithrix (Mannheims)), and a

number of Nearctic species (ferruginea (Fab-

ricius), abbreviata (Loew), suturalis (Loew),

navajo Alexander). The group is characterized

by the shape of the gonapophyses, of the inner

dististyle and of the extension of the male ter-

gite 9. The presence of an oval, serrate mem-

brane at the intromittent organ is known in this

group only and is found in the species of Madei-

ra, in navajo and in hirsuticauda. In general hirs

suticauda mostly resembles suturalis. Males of

hirsuticauda are easily recognized by the shape

of the extension of tergite 9 (fig. 102) and by the

tufts of long hairs at sternite 8 (fig. 100).

Females share the following characters. Oc-

cipital marking small, triangular, ranging from

yellow to dark brown, sometimes with a narrow

prolongation on tubercle. Pronotum entirely

yellowish brown. Scutal stripes usually not uni-

formly coloured but in part dark brown and

light or yellowish brown; at least stripes on scu-

tum 2 lighter in the middle; lateral stripes of

scutum 1 anteriorly outcurved, outcurved part

shining. Scutellum yellow. Mediotergite yellow,

posterior part and usually antero-medial part

transparent and light brown. Femora and tibiae

light brown, tips dark brown. Abdominal ter-

gites 2—7 (8) posteriorly with rounded to oval

dorsal spots situated well in front of the hind

margins, spots about as large as scutellum; ter-

gites laterally with a continuous dark brown

stripe. Cerci and hypovalvae as in fig. 101.

Specimens from the continent are usually

much darker coloured (f. tristis of Savchenko,

1973), but show no differences in genital char-

acters.

Distribution and period of flight. — N. hirsu-

ticanda is known from Krasnoyarskiy kray

(Kansk), Irkutskaya oblast, Buryatskaya ASSR,

northern Mongolia, Amurskaya oblast,

Khabarovskiy kray (Khabarovsk), Primorskiy

kray, NE China (Ha-erh-pin), North Korea

(Hamgyong nando), Sakhalin, Kunashir, Hok-

kaido, Honshu (Nikko). The period of flight in

Japan and Sakhalin is from mid-June until mid-

September, on the continent from mid-May to

the end of August.

THE STYLACANTHA GROUP

Nephrotoma medioflava spec. nov.

(figs. 105—110)

Type-material. — Holotype d, in good con-

dition, labelled “Japan Okinawa Shuri 300’

28.11.1923” “Holotype Nephrotoma medioflava

P. Oosterbroek” (USNMA); paratypes: 224

62, labelled as the holotype except for dates,

running from “12.1.1923” to “27.11.1923” and

for “paratype” (176 42 USNMA, 54 29

ZMA); other material: 12, Okinawa, Katsu-

dake, 10.vii.1951 (ZMA); 12, Okinawa, Koza,

vi.1958 (ZMA).

Characteristics. — As indicated in the key,

the transverse yellow spot on the mid-dorsal

part of the dorsally brown to dark brown tergite

1 separates this species from all other Japanese

species.

Description.

Body length d: 11—12 mm, 2: 14—16 mm;

wing length d: 11—13 mm, 2 : 12—14 mm.

Head. — Yellowish, dorsal rostrum and ver-

tex more brownish. Occipital marking shining

brown, triangular with the base about as broad

268 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 11, 1984 (1985)

101

Figs. 100—104. N. hirsuticauda. Fig. 100. Hypopygium, lateral view. Fig. 101. Ovipositor, lateral view. Fig.

102. Extension of male tergite 9, dorsal view. Fig. 103. Left inner dististyle, from outside. Fig. 104. Adminicu-

lum and left gonapophyses, lateral view.

as neck and anteriorly reaching halfway tuber-

cle, usually with a narrow, dull brown prolon-

gation to top of tubercle. Between tubercle and

eye margin vague brown spots. Antennae 13

segmented; scape and pedicel yellow to light

brown; flagellar segments dark brown in the

male and distinctly reniform beyond flagel 1; fe-

male flagellar segment 1 light brown, following

segments light brown to brown with the bases

dark brown.

Thorax. — Pronotum dorsally brownish yel-

low, lateral brown or in part dark brown color-

ation continued on coxae 1. Lateral thorax and

coxae 2 and 3 yellowish, dorsal part of anater-

gite dark brown. Dorsal thorax yellow between

stripes, sometimes more brownish. Scutal

stripes usually not uniformly coloured, ranging

from brown to dark brown; medial stripe on

scutum 1 usually with a longitudinal, lighter

coloured mark on anterior part; lateral stripes

on scutum 1 outcurved, the outcurved part

shining and usually lighter coloured than stripes

OOSTERBROEK: Nephrotoma of Japan 269

105

110

#3 DE Si

ia ED; È

LEE: we

109

Figs. 105—110. N. medioflava. Fig. 105. Right hypovalva, dorsal view. Fig. 106. Semen pump, intromittent or-

gan and adminiculum with gonapophyses, lateral view; top right: rear view of intromittent organ. Fig. 107. Ex-

tension of male tergite 9, dorsal view. Fig. 108. Left inner dististyle, from outside. Fig. 109. Left outer dististyle,

from outside. Fig. 110. Ovipositor, lateral view.

_ themselves. Antero-lateral corners ot scutum 2

with a dark brown dull seam. Scutellum trans-

parent, yellow to light brown. Mediotergite yel-

low on antero-medial part, lateral parts brown

to dark brown, posterior part ranging from yel-

low to brown. Trochanters brownish yellow;

femora basally brownish yellow, growing

brown towards apex; tibiae brown; apices of

femora and tibiae broadly dark brown; tarsi

dark brown; male claws toothed. Wings with a

270 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 11, 1984 (1985)

light brown tinge; stigma distinct, brown to

dark brown, with a few or up to 25 macrotri-

chia; wingtip with a brownish cloud.

Abdomen. — Tergite 1 broadly brown to

dark brown with a transverse yellowish spot on

the middorsal part, lateral parts pale yellow,

hind margin yellow. Tergites 2—6 or 2—7 with

a broad brown to dark brown stripe, interrupt-

ed on anterior part of tergites, stripe in the male

about as broad as scutellum, in the female

broader than mediotergite with the individual

spots slightly triangular towards hind margin.

Tergites 2—6, 2—7 or 2—8 with a dark brown,

almost uninterrupted lateral stripe. Male tergite

8 and usually also tergite 7 and sternite 8 largely

dark brown; female tergite 8 sometimes largely

dark brown.

Hypopygium. — Brownish. Extension of ter-

gite 9 with a small medial incision (fig. 107).

Outer dististyle of moderate length (fig. 109).

Inner dististyle with a broad anterior beak (fig.

108). Intromittent organ short and robust with

the apex differentiated (fig. 106). Gonapophyses

upcurved with short posteriorly directed pro-

cesses (fig. 106). Hind margin of sternite 8

straight, unmodified.

Ovipositor. — Lateral aspect as in fig. 110,

dorsal aspect of hypovalvae as in fig. 105, with

short rostral extensions and two sclerotized

parts on each side in front of hypovalvae.

Distribution and period of flight. — Known

from Okinawa only and apparently on the wing

from January to July.

Discussion. — N. medioflava is related to sty-

lacantha Alexander, known from the Chinese

provinces Fukien and Kiangsu. They share the

following characters. Transverse and yellow

dorsal spot on tergite 1, extension of male ter-

gite 9 very similar, intromittent organ short and

thick and apically modified. The inner dististyle

of stylacantha as well as the gonapophyses are

very different.

Etymology. — The name medioflava refers

to the yellow mark on the first abdominal ter-

gite.

THE REPANDA GROUP

Nephrotoma repanda (Alexander, 1914)

(figs. 111—114)

Pachyrhina repanda Alexander, 1914: 162, 163.

Nephrotoma repanda; Masaki, 1933a: 90. Alexander,

1954: 277, 278. Ishida, 1955: 123. Savchenko,

1970: 121.

Pales repanda; Savchenko & Krivolutzkaya, 1966: 46,

56. Savchenko, 1973: 62—64.

Nephrotoma grahamiana Alexander, 1940b: 403—

405 (hypopygium = fig. 46, not 45). (Syn. nov.)

Pales grahamiana; Savchenko, 1973: 62.

Material examined. — Holotype ¢ of repan-

da, three slides with one wing, left inner and

outer dististyle and abdominal end, labelled

“Holotype 830 Nephrotoma repanda (Alex.) d

Tokyo, Japan Aug. 1912 (Ex Kuwana) 830”

(USNM, the type-specimen was not found).

Holotype d of grahamiana, in good condition,

labelled “W. China Omei Shuang Fei Chiao

3000’ vi—14.35 Graham” “Holotype &

Nephrotoma grahamiana C. P. Alexander”

(USNM); paratypes: 48 para(topo)types with

dates from 14—22.vi.1935 (2d complete

USNM, 18 USNM with slide USNMA, 16

slide only USNMA); other material: 49, Hok-

kaido (Ishikari; Tokachi); 46 32, Honshu; 2d

19, Kyushu (Oita; Kujusan; Kumamoto); 6¢

29, Shikoku: 22, Sado; 1d, Tsushima (Mt

Ariake); 16, Primorskiy kray (Wladiwostok);

1d, North Korea (Ompo, situated a few miles

inland from the coast just South of 42°N); 42,

South Korea (16 & 18 mi NE and 6 mi E of

Seoul); 56, China (Szechwan: Pehlüting and Mt

Omei).

Characteristics. — N. repanda is closely re-

lated to dutti Alexander, 1963 (= condylophora

Alexander, 1970) from the southern Himalayas

(Murree; Darjeeling; Bomdila). The species is

characterized by the yellow thorax with only

the scutal stripes dark brown; the medial stripe

on scutum 1 and the stripes on scutum 2 have

the posterior ends dull. Head largely yellow,

dark brown coloration of dorsal rostrum, of

spots on either side of tubercle and of small tri-

angular occipital marking variable in expression.

Male tergites 2—6 sometimes with a vague dor-

sal stripe about as broad as scutellum and

sometimes infuscated along lateral margin; ter-

gite 7 or segment 7, segment 8 and hypopygium

largely dark brown. Hypopygium, extension of

tergite 9 and inner dististyle as in figs. 111—

113, the hind margin of sternite 8 with a small

medial incision covered by a membrane, sides of

incision and membrane covered with longer

white hairs. Apex of intromittent organ bifid.

Female abdomen with a dark brown dorsal

stripe on tergites 2—7, about as broad as scutel-

lum or mediotergite and interrupted in front of

hind margin of tergites, lateral margin of ter-

gites usually infuscated or with a dark brown

lateral stripe along the margins. Tergite 8 and

basal part of sternite 8 darkened, apical part of

OOSTERBROEK: Nephrotoma of Japan: 271

111

114

Figs. 111—114. N. repanda. Fig. 111. Hypopygium, lateral view. Fig. 112. Extension of male tergite 9, dorsal

view. Fig. 113. Left inner dististyle, from outside. Fig. 118. Ovipositor, lateral view.

sternite 8 with large and oval dark brown spots.

Cerci relatively short and broad, hypovalvae

slender (fig. 114).

Distribution and period of flight. — Known

from Kunashir, Hokkaido, Honshu, Sado, Kyu-

shu, Shikotan, Tsushima, southern Primorye,

North and South Korea and China (Szechwan).

Altitudes in Japan are up to 1200 m, in China up

to 2000 m. The period of flight is from the end

of May until early August.

THE VIRGATA GROUP

Nephrotoma virgata (Coquillett, 1898)

(figs. 115—118)

Pachyrhina virgata Coquillett, 1898: 306. Alexander,

1914: 163, 164.

Nephrotoma virgata; Alexander, 1920: 22, 23. Alex-

ander, 1925c: 20. Esaki, 1932: 148. Masaki, 1933a:

90. Alexander, 1953c: 149, 150. Ishida, 1955: 124

(in part). Alexander & Alexander, 1973: 38 (in

part).

Pales virgata; Savchenko, 1973: 51—53.

Nephrotoma decrepita Alexander, 1935a: 140—142.

(Syn. nov.)

Pales decrepita; Savchenko, 1973: 53.

Limnophila japonica Esaki, 1957: 1532 (synonymy af-

ter Alexander, 1953c).

Pachyrhina serricornis; Brunetu, 1912: 343 (Japanese

records only).

The records from Taiwan (Formosa) by Ed-

wards (1916), Riedel (1917), Brunetti (1918,

1920), Ishida (1955) and Alexander & Alexan-

der (1973) probably refer to different species,

see under distribution.

Material examined. — Holotype ¢ of virga-

ta, in good condition, labelled: “Japan Mitsuku-

ri” “Type no. 3967 U.S.N.M.” “Pachyrhina vir-

gata Coq.” (USNM; Mitsukuri presumably lies

on Honshu). Holotype d of decrepita, in fair

272. TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 11, 1984 (1985)

115

118

Figs. 115—118. N. virgata. Fig. 115. Hypopygium, lateral view. Fig. 116. Extension of male tergite 9, dorsal

view. Fig. 117. Left inner dististyle, from outside. Fig. 118. Ovipositor, lateral view.

condition, abdominal end and one wing on slide

5736, specimen labelled: “Mt Omei Szechwan

China 4500 ft aug. 15, ’29” “Holotype Nephro-

toma decrepita C. P. Alexander” (USNMA);

other material: 203 219, Hokkaido; 496 499,

Honshu; 74 79, Shikoku; 15d 99, Kyushu;

12, Sado; 14, Tsushima; 12, Oshima; 1d 19,

Amami; 1d, North Korea (Puksu Pyaksan in

Kankyo Nando, the second highest peak in Ko-

rea, appr. 40°40’ N 127°45’ E; 2d 72, South

Korea (Ch’unch’6n; 16, 18 & 20 mi NE and 6

mi E of Seoul); 34 99, China (Lichuan, Hupeh;

Chungching, Mt Omei, Szechwan).

Characteristics. — N. virgata males can be

easily recognized by the shape of the extension

of tergite 9 (fig. 116), of the inner dististyle (fig.

117), and by the backtolded appendage at ster-

nite 8 (fig. 115). Females have the cerci broad

and with the blunt ending apical part slightly

downcurved (fig. 118). Both sexes have a small

occipital marking and the lateral stripes on scu-

tum 1 are usually somewhat outcurved anterior-

ly, the outcurved part ranges from dull to al-

most as shining as stripes themselves. The ab-

dominal tergites bear brown to dark brown

dorsal markings, the expression of the markings

is very variable, ranging from almost absent to

occupying the largest part of the tergite but in

all instances the hind margins of the tergites are

broadly yellow, especially on tergites 2—6;

lateral and ventral markings are absent and the

abdominal end is not darkened. The species is

OOSTERBROEK: Nephrotoma of Japan

HOKKATDO

278

SHIKOKU, KYUSHU & AMAMI

NEU NeEBer ih On ED AI

Diagram 1. Period of flight of N. virgata. Months divided into periods of 10 days. Number of data relates to

number of samples, not to number of specimens.

not closely related to any of the other Japanese

species but more to species found in central and

southeast Asia (fe. consimilis Brunetti, 1911;

scurroides de Meijere, 1904).

Distribution and period of flight. — The spe-

cies is known from the Japanese islands Hok-

kaido, Honshu, Tsushima, Sado, Oshima, Shi-

koku, Kyushu and Amami. It is recorded from

the eastern USSR by Alexander (1925c) and

Savchenko (1973; Khasan, Wladiwostok,

Primorskiy kray); Alexander (1925c) also men-

tions Kudia river, Amagu, which could not be

traced, and Okeanskaya, a doubtful record as it

is South of Kamchatka, far outside the presently

known range of virgata. During this study

material was examined from North Korea and

South Korea, other Korean localities are men-

tioned by Masaki (1933a), but these are doubt-

ful, the figures of virgata from Korea in Masaki

(1933b) refer to a species of the dorsalis group.

Material was also examined from China (W Hu-

peh; Szechwan). Out of the Riedel collection

274 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 11, 1984 (1985)

(IPSFK) Prof. Dr. G. Morge kindly sent one

specimen det. virgata by Riedel from Taiwan.

The specimen was identified by me as definata

Alexander, 1935. In spite of all the records from

Taiwan it is most probable that virgata does not

occur on the island. Other records of virgata in

SE Asia are based on the synonymy by Edwards

(1927) of scurroides de Meijere, 1904, with vir-

gata, but scurroides is a valid species (types in

ZMA). Recorded altitudes are up to 2000 m.

The period of flight throughout the distribution

range is given in diagram 1; on Hokkaido the

flight-period is short, June and most frequently

July; on the other islands the species is most fre-

quent in spring but adults can be found during

quite long a period, from the end of April unul

the end of October or November; on the conti-

nent adults are on the wing from mid-May until

early September and are most frequent in Au-

gust.

THE SINENSIS GROUP

Nephrotoma sinensis (Edwards, 1916)

This species is recorded from Japan by Esaki

(1932), Masaki (1933a), Alexander (1953a,

1953c) and Savchenko (1973). During this study

no sinensis material from Japan was encoun-

tered. It is almost certain that the above-men-

tioned records refer to species of the palloris

group. As in sinensis, some members of this

group have the costal margin of the wing dark-

ened.

THE DORSALIS GROUP

The following species belong to the dorsalis

group, and are discussed and figured in very de-

tail by Tangelder (1984).

Nephrotoma electripennis Alexander, 1953

(figs. 123, 124)

Endemic to Japan (Shikoku, Kyushu); period

of flight: mid-May unul mid-June (Tangelder,

1984: 32, 33, figs. 44— 56, map 2).

Nephrotoma nigricauda Alexander, 1925

(figs. 121, 122)

Endemic to Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu) and

the Kurile (Kunashir); period of flight: mid-

May unul the end of July (Tangelder, 1984:

33—36, figs. 57—68, map 2).

Nephrotoma minuticornis Alexander, 1921

(fig. 119)

Sugarbeet crane-fly (see p. 236)

Distributed from southern Sakhalin to Kyu-

shu and Shikoku; period of flight: the end of

May until early October (Tangelder, 1984: 66—

70, figs. 201—210, map 8).

Nephrotoma sachalina Alexander, 1924

(fig. 120)

Distribution: southern Kamchatka, southern

Sakhalin, the Kurile and Hokkaido; period of

flight: mid-June unul the end of August (Tang-

elder, 1984: 45—48, figs. 88, 101, 103—112,

map 4).

Nephrotoma difficilis Tangelder, 1984

(figs. 126, 128, 130, 131)

Distributed from central Asia (Krasnoyarsk

and Tuva regions) to southern Primorye, North

Korea, southern Sakhalin and Hokkaido; period

of flight: mid-June until mid-August (Tangel-

der, 1984: 53—57, figs. 124, 134, 137—148,

map 5).

Nephrotoma angustistria Alexander, 1925

(figs. 127, 129, 132)

Endemic to Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu); peri-

od of flight: mid-May until early September

(Tangelder, 1984: 59— 61, figs. 126, 136, 161—

169, map 5).

Nephrotoma cirrata Tangelder, 1984

(fig. 133)

Endemic to Japan (Hokkaido); recorded from

June 25/26 and July 6 and 12 (Tangelder, 1984:

61—63, figs. 170, 172—181, map 6).

Nephrotoma gaganboi Tangelder, 1984

| (fig. 134)

Endemic to Japan (Honshu); recorded from

June 30 only (Tangelder, 1984: 63, 64, figs.

182— 189, map 6).

Nephrotoma microcera Alexander, 1921

(fig. 125)

Known from Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu) and

South Korea (18 mi NE Seoul); period of flight:

mid-May until the end of September (Tangel-

der, 1984: 64— 66, figs. 171, 190—200, map 7).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Large amounts of unidentified and fairly re-

cently collected specimens were made available

through the kindness of K. Kanmiya (Biological

Laboratory, Department of General Education,

School of Medicine, Kurume University) and T.

Saigusa (Biological Laboratory, College of Gen-

OOSTERBROEK: Nephrotoma of Japan 275

MW 120

122 124 125

Figs. 119—121, 123, 125. Hypopygium, lateral view. Fig. 119. N. minuticornis. Fig. 120. N. sachalina. Fig. 121.

N. nigricauda. Fig. 123. N. electripennis. Fig. 125. N. microcera. Figs. 122, 124. Hypopygium, ventral view. Fig.

122. N. nigricauda. Fig. 124. N. electripennis. (With kind permission redrawn from Tangelder, 1984, Beaufortia,

34)

eral Education, Kyushu University). These eral of which were known from the types only,

shipments included material of the new and added much to our knowledge of the distri-

(sub)species vana vana, vana nigrovana and bution of the species.

pallida, contained a number of rare species, sev- The most important C. P. Alexander collec-

276 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, AFL. 11, 1984 (1985)

126

155

Figs. 126, 127. Head, dorsal view. Fig. 126. N. difficilis. Fig. 127. N. angustistria. Figs. 128, 129. Ovipositor,

lateral view. Fig. 128. N. difficilis. Fig. 129. N. angustistria. Figs. 130—134. Hypopygium. Fig. 130. N. difficilis,

lateral view. Fig. 131. N. difficilis, ventral view. Fig. 132. N. angustistria, ventral view. Fig. 133. N. cirrata,

lateral view. Fig. 134. N. gaganboi, lateral view. (With kind permission redrawn from Tangelder, 1984, Beaufor-

tia 34)

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cies of Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Tipu-

lidae). Part 1. — Beaufortia 27: 1—137.

Oosterbroek, P., 1979a. Idem. Part 2. — Beaufortia

28:57—111.

Oosterbroek, P., 1979b. Idem. Part 3. — Beaufortia

28: 157—203.

Oosterbroek, P., 1979c. Idem. Part 4, including a key

to the species. — Beaufortia 29: 129—197.

Oosterbroek, P., 1980. Idem. Part 5, Phylogeny and

Biogeography. — Beaufortia 29: 311—393.

Oosterbroek, P., 1984. A revision of the crane-fly ge-

nus Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803, in North America

(Diptera, Tipulidae). Part II: the non-dorsalis spe-

cies-groups. — Beaufortia 34: 117—180.

Oosterbroek, P. & R. Schuckard, 1976. A world

check-list of Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 (Diptera,

Tipulidae). — Versl. techn. Geg. Inst. Taxon.

Zoöl. Amsterdam 9: 1—35.

Oosterbroek, P., R. Schuckard & Br. Theowald, 1976.

Die Nephrotoma-Verbreitung in der Welt (Di-

ptera, Tipulidae). — Bull. Zool. Mus. Univ.

Amsterdam 5: 111—123.

Riedel, M. P., 1910. Die paläarktischen Arten der

Dipteren (Nematocera polyneura) Gattung

Pachyrhina Macq. Suit à Buff. (1834). — Deutsch.

ent. Z. 1910: 409— 437.

Riedel, M. P., 1917. Sauter’s Formosa-Ausbeute: Ne-

matocera Polyneura (Dipt.), III. — Arch. Naturg.

82(A): 109—116.

Riedel, M. P., 1918. H. Sauter’s Formosa-Ausbeute:

Liriopidae (Ptychopteridae) und Nematocera

Polyneura (Dipt.), IV. — Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung.

16: 315—320.

Savchenko, E. N., 1966. Two new eastpalaearctic spe-

cies of Nephrotoma Meig. (Diptera, Tipulidae). —

Bonn. Zool. Beitr. 3/4: 260—264.

Savchenko, E. N., 1970. Additions to the fauna of

crane-flies (Diptera, Tipulidae) of the southern

Kuriles. — Ent. Obozr. 49: 108—123 (in Russian

with English summary).

Savchenko, E. N., 1973. Tipulidae. — Fauna SSSR,

(n.s.), 105 (Diptera, 2) (5): 1—281 (in Russian,

date of manuscript: 1965).

Savchenko, E. N., 1981. A species of the genus Neph-

rotoma new for the fauna of the SSSR. — Vestnik

Zool. 3: 77 (in Russian).

Savchenko, E. N. & G. O. Krivolutzkaya, 1966. On

the crane-flies (Diptera, Tipulidae) of the Kuril Is-

lands. — Entomofauna Lesow, Moscow, 1966:

45—58 (in Russian).

Savchenko, E. N., N. A. Violovich & E. P. Narchuk,

1972. A review of crane-flies (Diptera, Tipulidae)

of Altai mountains. — Ent. Obozr. 51: 74—95 (in

Russian with English summary).

Shiraki, T., 1952. Catalogue of injurious insects in Ja-

pan (exclusive of animal parasites), 5. — Prelim.

Stud. econ. sci. Sect. nat. Res. Div. G.H.Q. Allied

Powers Tokyo, no. 71.

Tangelder, I. R. M., 1983. A revision of the crane-fly

genus Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803, in North Amer-

. ica (Diptera, Tipulidae). Part I: the dorsalis spe-

cies-group. — Beaufortia 33: 111—205.

Tangelder, I. R. M., 1984. The species of the Nephro-

toma dorsalis-group in the Palaearctic (Diptera,

Tipulidae). — Beaufortia 34: 15—92.

Theowald, Br. & P. Oosterbroek, 1985. Family Tipu-

lidae. In: Catalogue of the palaearctic Diptera. —

Budapest (in preparation).

Zinovjev, G. A. & E. N. Savchenko, 1962. On the

fauna of crane-flies (Diptera, Tipulidae) of the

Amur and Zea rivers interarea. — Ent. Obozr. 41:

554—571 (in Russian with English summary).

ISSO

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE

UITGEGEVEN DOOR

DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING

* Een sterretje duidt aan een naam nieuw voor de wetenschap

* An asterisk denotes a name new to science

The article by W. N. Ellis and P. F. Bellinger is not included in this index.

DIPTERA’

abbreviata, Nephrotoma 267

abyssinica, Tipula (Acutipula)

[35, 53, 55

aculeata, Nephrotoma 237, 240,

[243, 244, 246

ssp. atricauda 237, 243

Acutipula 33, 39, 60 sqq, 235

africana, Lecteria 49

ssp. nigrilinea 49

akitae, Nephrotoma 237, 252

analis, Nephrotoma 237, 256,

[260

Angarotipula 236

angustistria, Nephrotoma 237,

[242, 274, 276

antithrix, Nephrotoma 267

Arctotipula 235

atlantica, Tipula 35, 58, 71 sqq

autumnalis, Nephrotoma 237,

[263, 264

Bayeria 191

Beringotipula 236

bicolor, Tipula 35, 36, 49,

[58 sqq

bifusca, Nephrotoma 237, 241,

[261 sqq

brevipennis, Nephrotoma 237,

[264

brevisiana, Tipula 35, 48 sqq

Brithura 236

brunneinervis, Tipula 76

capnioneura, Tipula 36 sqq

capitigena, Bayeria 191

chubbi, Tipula 38

cirrata, Nephrotoma 237, 242,

[274, 276

Cnemoncosis 235

condylophora, Nephrotoma 270

consimilis, Nephrotoma 273 __

*consobrina, Tipula 38, 39 sqq

contrasta, Nephrotoma 237,

[241,251 sqq

cornicina, Nephrotoma 237,

[240, 243, 244

crocata, Nephrotoma 237, 265

Ctenophora 235, 236

curtipennis, Tipula 39 sqq

czizeki, Tipula 39, 56

daisensis Nephrotoma 237, 242,

[247-249

Dasineura 196, 209

decrepita, Nephrotoma 237,

[271, 272

definata, Nephrgtoma 274

Dendrotipula 235

dichroa, Tipula (Acutipula) 39,

[40

Dictenidia 235

difficilis, Nephrotoma 237, 242,

[274, 276

Dolichopeza 235, 236

dorsalis, Nephrotoma 236, 237,

[273, 274

dutti, Nephrotoma 270

electripennis, Nephrotoma 237,

[242, 274, 275

ellioti, Tipula 40

Emodotipula 235

erebus, Pales 260, 261

esakii, Nephrotoma 237, 240,

[243, 245

eucera, Nephrotoma 238

eumecacera, Tipula 39, 40 sqq

ferruginea, Nephrotoma 267

fimbriata, Tipula 41, 49

flagellicurta, Tipula 37, 39,

[41 sqq

flammeola, Nephrotoma 237,

(241, 248, 249

flavescens, Nephrotoma 247

flavipalpis, Nephrotoma 260

flavolutescens, Tipula 42

flavonota, Nephrotoma 237,

[240, 251, 252

Formotipula 236

279

frater, Tipula 38, 39, 42 sqq

fulvipennis, Tipula 60, 61

fusca, Tipula 43, 56

fuscescens, Nephrotoma 237,

(241, 251-254

gaganboi, Nephrotoma 237,

[242, 274, 276

geminata, Nephrotoma 237,

(241, 261-264

gerardi, Procystiphora 186

grahamiana, Nephrotoma 237,

[270

Habromastix 45

helvetica, Nephrotoma 239

hirsuticauda, Nephrotoma 237,

[241, 267, 268

f. tristis 267

hokkaidensis, Nephrotoma 237,

[258, 259

hollanderi, Tipula 43, 44, 47,

[66 sqq

Holorusia 235

hungarica, Tipula 44, 45, 49

immemorata, Nephrotoma 237,

[248

Indotipula 235

italica, Tipula 41, 45, 49, 58,

[69 sqq

“ssp. errans 41, 45, 58 sqq

iyoensis, Nephrotoma 237, 251,

[252

japonica, Nephrotoma 237, 271

jonesi, Habromastix 45

jonesi, Leptotarsus (Longurio)

[45

jonesi, Tipula 45

kleinschmidti, Tipula 45, 58, 62,

[64 sqq

lamellata, Nephrotoma 256, 257

Lasioptera 198

Lecteria 49

*leeuweni, Nephrotoma 237,

[241, 252-255

280

Leptotarsus 45, 235

Lindnerina 236

lobelia, Tipula 46, 58, 66 sqq

“loeffleri, Tipula 47, 58, 71 sqq

longidens, Tipula 76

Longurio 235

lourensi, Tipula 47 sqq

loveridgei, Tipula (Acutipula)

(33, 60 sqq

lucida, Nephrotoma 267

luna, Tipula 34

Lunatipula 235

luteipennis, Tipula 34

Macgregoromyia 235

mali, Dasineura 196

mannheimsi, Nephrotoma 237,

[258, 259

mashona, Tipula 35, 48 sqq

maxima, Tipula 60, 61

*medioflava, Nephrotoma 237,

[241, 267 sqq

Mediotipula 236

mediterranea, Tipula 34, 45,

[49 sqq

microcephala, Lecteria 49

microcera, Nephrotoma 237,

[279

minuticornis, Nephrotoma

[236 sqq, 274, 275

moesta, Tipula 34

mosambicensis, Tipula 45

navajo, Nephrotoma 267

neopratensis, Nephrotoma 237,

[242, 258 sqq

Nephrotoma 235 sqq

Nesopeza 235

nigricauda, Nephrotoma 237,

[242, 274, 275

Nigrotipula 236

niligena, Tipula 35, 49

Nippotipula 235

Odonatisca 236

oleracea, Tipula 33 sqq

orientalis, Tipula 44 sqq

Oropeza 235

ozenumensis, Nephrotoma 237,

[242, 256, 257

Pachyrhina 243 sqq

Pales 236 sqq

“pallida, Nephrotoma 237, 241,

[261-265, 275

palloris, Nephrotoma 237, 241,

[261-265, 274

paludosa, Tipula 34 sqq

parvirostra, Nephrotoma 237,

[241, 248-251

Phoroctenia 235

pilicauda, Tipula 76

Platytipula 34, 61, 235

plumbea, Tipula 41, 49 sqq

Prionocera 236

Procistophora 186

Protanyptera 235

pruinosa, Tipula 34

Pselliophora 235

Pterelachisis 51, 235

pullata, Nephrotoma 237, 242,

[258 sqq

pustulata, Tipula 76

relicta, Nephrotoma 248-251

repanda, Nephrotoma 237, 241,

[270, 271

Rhabdophaga 191

rosarum, Wachtliella 191

rothschildi, Savtshenkia 50, 55

rubi, Lasioptera 198

sachalina, Nephrotoma 237,

[242, 274, 275

saghaliensis, Nephrotoma 237,

[240 sqq

Savtshenkia 50, 51, 235

schulteni, Tipula 60

Schummelia 235

scurrioides, Nephrotoma 237,

[274

selenitica, Tipula 76

serricornis, Pachyrhina 271

serristyla, Nephrotoma 237,

[248-251

setosipennis, Yamatotipula 50,

[51

sinensis, Nephrotoma 264, 274

Sinotipula 235

soror, Tipula 38 sqq

ssp. mashona 38, 48, 49

speiseriana, Tipula 52 sqq

strigata, Tipula 35 sqq

stygia, Nephrotoma 237, 260,

[261

stylacantha 237, 267, 270

subaptera, Tipula 55 sqq

subcunctans, Tipula 34 sqq

sublamellata, Nephrotoma 256

submendosa, Tipula 56

subpallida, Nephrotoma 237

suturalis, Nephrotoma 267

Tanyptera 235

tenuipes, Nephrotoma 243

terminalis, Rhabdophaga 191

Tipula 33 sqq, 235, 243

Tipulodina 235

Trichotipula 235

Triplicitipula 236

ultima, Tipula 34

urticae, Dasineura 209

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, 1984 (1985)

*vana, Nephrotoma 237, 242,

[256

“ssp. vana 237, 242, 256, 257,

[275

*ssp. nigrovana 237, 242, 256,

[258, 275

venturii, Tipula 56

Vestiplex 235

virgata, Nephrotoma 236, 237,

[242, 271-274

vittata, Tipula 34

Wachtliella 191

wollastoni, Tipula 56

Xiphuromorpha 236

Yamatotipula 51, 60, 61, 235

zambiensis, Tipula 60

*zimbabwensis, Tipula 35, 56 sqq

HYMENOPTERA

abaris, Synopeas 128, 207, 208

abas, Amblyaspis 117, 220, 221

abia, Platygaster 121, 181, 182

abisares, Platygaster 121, 203,

[204

acco, Synopeas 129, 209, 211

Acerota 131

Acerotella 131

acrisius, Platygaster 121, 192,

[193

aegeus, Platygaster 121, 199,

[200

africanus, Mesitius 103, 104

ssp. africanus 104

Allotropa 117, 131

Amblyaspis 117 sqq, 179

Anaylax 101, 102, 103

*Apotosoma 139 sqq

apterus, Mesitius 104

areolatus, Metaclisis 133

*Aspidobracon 137 sqq

athamas, Platygaster 121, 189,

[190, 191

atinas, Isostasius 133

attenuata, Platygaster 120, 121,

[191, 192, 202

basimacula, Philomacroploea

[150, 151, 159

*bekkeri, Metrionotus 105, 106

belus, Amblyaspis 118, 220, 221

bimucronatus, Dioxybracon

[146, 153

bosci, Inostemma 133

boter, Acerota 131

boter, Acerotella 131

boter, Inostemma 117, 131

Brachinostemma 132

Bracon 143, 147

buchaetus, Inostemma 117

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, 1984 (1985) 281

bucolion, Platygaster 121,

[202, 203

Caloncoba 137

cameroni, Mesitius 104

ssp. cameroni 104

cameroni Philomacroploea 151

capensis, Sulcomesitius 109

carceli, Heterocoelia 108

ssp. carceli 108

ssp. obscura 108

Carinibracon 137

catillus, Piestopleura 120,

[212, 213

Catillus 120

cebes, Platygaster 121, 183, 184

Ceratacis 187

chrysippus, Platygaster 122,

[193, 194

cleodaeus, Platygaster 122, 203,

[204

Cleptes 109

Clytrovorus 102, 103

cochleata, Platygaster 122, 187,

[188, 189

consimilis, Sulcomesitius 109

cotta, Isocybus 119, 218, 219

craterus, Synopeas 129, 205,

[206, 207

crates, Amblyaspis 118,

(222, 223

cratinus, Platygaster 122,

| [183, 184

cyrsilus, Platygaster 122, 189,

[190

deipyla, Platygaster 122, 202,

[203

demades, Platygaster 122, 194,

[196, 198

densepunctatus, Pycnomesitius

[112

dictys, Platygaster 122, 183, 184

didas, Trichacis 131, 214, 216,

[217

Dioxybracon 139 sqq

dryope, Platygaster 123, 189,

[190

Ectadius 129

egypticus, Metrionotus 105

elongata, Platygaster 116, 123

emarginata, Pedinopleura 148,

[149, 154

ennius, Platygaster 123, 200,

[201

Epyris 104, 109

erato, Isocybus 119, 216, 217

erdoesi, Sulcomesitius 109

eriphyle, Platygaster 123, 200,

[201

euhemerus, Platygaster 123,

[190, 191

europus, Allotropa 131

europus, Inostemma 117

Eurostemma 131

euryale, Synopeas 129, 209, 211

Eutropobracon 139 sqq

evadne, Platygaster 123, 202,

[203

favo, Inostemma 116, 117, 132

filicornis, Platygaster 123, 187,

[188

furcata, Gastrotheca 140, 141

furcata, Physaraia 140, 141, 152

furius, Amblyaspis 118, 222,

[223

galenus, Platygaster 124, 189,

[190

Gastrotheca 140

ghilianii, Mesitius 103, 104

gorge, Platygaster 124, 194, 195

*grahamensis, Sulcomesitius 109,

[111

gyge, Platygaster 124, 191, 192

gynomamertes, Ectadius 129

halia, Leptacis 119, 213, 215

halidayi, Heterocoelia 109

*hesperivorus, Aspidobracon

[144, 145, 161

Heterocoelia 106, 107, 108, 109

hispanica, Heterocoelia 109

hispo, Inostemma 116, 117, 132

horvathi, Clytrovorus 103, 104

hungarica, Heterocoelia 108

*Hyboteles 139 sqq

hyllus, Synopeas 129, 209, 211

ilione, Platygaster 124, 185, 186

Incertosulcus 105

indicus, Eutropobracon 147,

[158

inermis, Platygaster 124, 186,

[188

Inostemma 116, 132

integer, Anaylax 102

iolas, Platygaster 124, 194, 196

Iphitrachelus 116, 133

Isocybus 119 sqq, 179

Isostasius 133

jasius, Synopeas 129, 205, 206

Kenema 138

koshunensis, Bracon 147, 150

koshunensis, Pedinopleura 149,

[150, 155

laodice, Leptacis 120, 214, 215

lar, Iphitrachelus 116, 133

laricis, Platygaster 124, 187, 188

larides, Synopeas 129, 204, 206

*latimarginale, Apotosoma 142,

[156

Leptacis 119 sqq, 179, 189

leptines, Platygaster 125, 187,

[188, 189

longiventris, Platygaster 191

lycon, Inostemma 132

lysicles, Platygaster 125, 182,

[183

mamertes, Piestopleura 120,

(129, 210, 212

mamertes, Synopeas 120, 129,

[208

manto, Platygaster 125, 197,

[198, 203, 204

masneri, Sulcomesitius 110

matuta, Isocybus 119, 216, 219

mecrida, Inostemma 117, 132

*melateles, Apotosoma 142, 143,

[163

melicerta, Inostemma 132

menippus, Inostemma 132

Mesitius 103, 104, 108, 109, 112

Metaclisis 117, 131 sqq

Metrionotus 105, 106, 108

minthe, Platygaster 125, 199,

[200

Misocyclops 128 sqq

moczari, Anaylax 102

Monocrita 133

munita, Platygaster 125, 192,

[193, 202

myles, Synopeas 130, 207, 208

nagyi, Heterocoelia 109

nereus, Amblyaspis 118, 218,

[219

nice, Leptacis 120, 213, 215

nigriventris, Heterocoelia 109

*nikolskajae, Heterocoelia 106,

[107

nisus, Platygaster 125, 197, 198

*noyesi, Aspidobracon 143, 145,

[162

nydia, Leptacis 120, 213, 215

ocalea, Inostemma 117, 133

ocaleus, Metaclisis 133

oebalus, Platygaster 125, 194,

[195

oeclus, Platygaster 125, 194, 195

olorus, Platygaster 126, 183,

[184

orcus, Platygaster 126, 196, 197,

[198

orus, Platygaster 126, 181, 182

osaces, Synopeas 130, 210, 212

oscus, Platygaster 126, 197, 199

otanes, Platygaster 126, 180,

[181

282

otreus, Amblyaspis 118, 221,

[222

ozines, Leptacis 120, 214, 215

*pardoi, Anaylax 101, 103

Parinostemma 117, 132 sqq

pedasus, Platygaster 126, 197,

[198

*Pedinopleura 139 sqq

pelias, Platygaster 126, 196, 197,

[198

peringueyi, Pycnomesitius 112

philinna, Platygaster 127, 200,

[201

Philomacroploea 140 sqq

Physaraia 137 sqq

*pierrei, Aspidobracon 143, 144,

[160

Piestopleura 120, 179, 207

pisis, Trichacis 131, 214, 216,

[217

Platygaster 116 sqq, 179 sqq

Plesiobracon 137 sqq

pleuralis, Philomacroploea 151

pleuron, Platygaster 127, 181,

[182

plotina, Platygaster 127, 202,

[203

Polygnotus 126 sqq.

Polymecus 129

prorsa, Amblyaspis 118, 220,

[221

Prosactogaster 121 sqq

Pycnomesitius 112

remulus, Trichacis 131, 214,

[216, 217

rhanis, Synopeas 130, 209, 211

roboris, Amblyaspis 118, 218,

[219

ruborum, Platygaster 198

ruficornis, Platygaster 119

rutubus, Platygaster 127, 185,

[186

Sactogaster 130 sqq, 209

sagana, Platygaster 127, 200,

[201

scelionoides, Amblyaspis 118,

[222, 223

scrutator, Isostasius 133

seron, Piestopleura 120, 210,

[212

soikai, Incertosulcus 105

sonchis, Platygaster 127, 183,

[184

sosis, Synopeas 130, 207

sterope, Platygaster 127, 179,

[180, 181

strato, Platygaster 127, 184, 185

*suarezi, Clytrovorus 102, 103

Sulcomesitius 109, 110

sumatrana, Physaraia 141

Synopeas 119 sqq, 128 sqq, 179,

[186

syrinx, Inostemma 117

szaboi, Mesitius 104

taras, Platygaster 128, 180, 181

tarsa, Synopeas 130, 209, 210,

[212

tisias, Platygaster 128, 192, 193

torispinula, Leptacis 213

townesianus, Sulcomesitius 112

*toxopeusi, Hyboteles 148, 157

trebius, Synopeas 130, 205, 206

Trichacis 131 sqq, 179

tritici, Amblyaspis 119, 220, 221

ulex, Inostemma 117

Urocyclops 128, 184 sqq

vaenia, Platygaster 128, 184,

[185, 186

velutinus, Platygaster 116

velutinus, Synopeas 130, 205,

[206

vestinus, Platygaster 128, 187,

[188, 189

walkeri, Inostemma 133

walkeri, Isocybus 119, 218, 219

walkeri, Piestopleura 120

xeneus, Platygaster 128, 185,

[186

*zambiensis, Sulcomesitius 110,

(111

zavadili, Clytrovorus 104

zosine, Platygaster 128, 203,

[204

zuluensis, Metrionotus 105

LEPIDOPTERA

Acraea 137, 144

adspersella, Diptychophora

[17 sqq

allophylica, Stigmella 167

*allophylivora, Stigmella 167,

[168

*apicella, Roxita 17 sqq

bipunctella, Modestia 17 sqq

*birgittae, Stigmella 171, 173

cepheus, Acraea 137, 144

charistis, Stigmella 167

Corynophora 18

Crambus 17, 26

Culladia 17, 19, 26, 27

Diptychophora 17, 22

Ectoedemia 165

Epichorista 226, 227

Epichoristodes 227, 229

Erionota 145

eurydyce, Roxita 17 sqq

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, 1984 (1985)

*ficivora, Stigmella 169

*fletcheri, Roxita 17 sqq

geraeas, Epichorista 226, 227,

[230

Glaucocharis 17, 25

glaucophanes, Tawhitia 18

mandingella, Stigmella 174

*maytenivora, Stigmella 174, 175

modestellus, Crambus 17, 26,

[27

Modestia 17, 19, 26, 27

*mululella, Roxita 17 sqq

Orocrambus 19

paliurella, Stigmella 171

pentadactyla, Tawhitia 18

*Phlebozemia 225 sqq

platyzona, Stigmella 170

*reductella, Roxita 17, 19, 20, 25

*rhomboivora, Stigmella 166, 167

Roxita 17 sqq

*sandrinae, Phlebozemia 225,

[227 sqq

Stigmella 165 sqq

szetschwanella, Culladia 17 sqq

f. modesta 17

Tawhitia 18

thrax, Erionota 145

Trifurcula 165

*wollofella, Stigmella 174, 176

*ziziphivora, Stigmella 171, 172

zizyphi, Stigmella 171

ODONATA

andromeda, Phyllogomphoides

[81, 82, 83, 89

angularis, Phyllogomphoides

[81, 82, 90

annectens, Phyllogomphoides

[81, 82, 93

Aphylla 80, 94

atlanticus, Phyllogomphoides

[81, 82, 90

audax, Phyllogomphoides

[81 sqq

brunneus, Phyllogomphoides

[81 sqq

calverti, Phyllogomphoides 81,

(82, 92

camposi, Phyllogomphoides 81,

[82, 93

cassiopeia, Phyllogomphoides |

[81, 82, 83, 89

cepheus, Phyllogomphoides 81,

[82, 83, 89

cornutifrons, Phyllogom-

phoides 81, 83, 94

cristatus, Phyllogomphoides 81,

[82, 83, 88, 89

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 127, 1984 (1985)

Cyclophylla 89, 92, 93

eugeniae, Gomphoides 86

fuliginosus, Phyllogomphoides

[81 sqq

Gomphoides 80 sqq

Idiogomphoides 80

imperator, Phyllogomphoides

[81 sqq

lieftincki, Phyllogomphoides

[81, 82, 83, 92

“major, Phyllogomphoides

[80 sqq

Negomphoides 88 sqq

*pedunculus, Phyllogomphoides

[80, 81, 82, 90

Phyllocycla 80, 89, 92, 93

Phyllogomphoides 79 sqq

praedatrix, Phyllogomphoides

[81, 83, 87

Progomphus 80

*pseudoundulatus, Phyllogom-

phoides 80, 81, 82,91

regularis, Phyllogomphoides 81,

[82, 83, 93

selysi, Phyllogomphoides

[80 sqq

semicircularis, Phyllogom-

phoides 81, 82, 83, 91

singularis, Phyllogomphoides

[81, 93

undulatus, Phyllogomphoides

[81 sqq

PLANTAE

Acer 205

Allophylus cf. africanus 167

Caloncoba welwitschii 137, 144

Crinum powellii 226

Elisena longipetala 226

283

Euphorbia esula 191

Ficus parasitica 170

Fraxinus 205

Hippeastrum 226

Hymenocallis narcissiflora 226

Juncus gerardii 186

Maytenus senegalensis 174

Narcissus cyclamineus 226

Nerine bowdenii 225, 226, 230

Nerine sarniensis 225

Oryza sativa 145

Quercus robur 205

Rosa sp. 191

Robus sp. 198

Salix alba 191

Sprekelia formosissima 226

Triumfetta rhomboidea 167

Urtica dioica 209

Ziziphus mauritania 171, 174,

[179